Swadhyaya Shiksha

Author(s): Dharmchand Jain
Publisher: Akhil Bharatiya Sahitya Kala Manch
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002542/1

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sajjhAeNaNANAvaraNijjaM kammakhavar3a svAdhyAya zikSA Agama vizeSAGka pavAra sabhya maNDala jayapura samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura wwwvidainelibrar.org:

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ra svAdhyAya zikSA (prAkRta, saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA meM zAstrIya jJAnavRddhi kI preraka pustaka) paiMtAlIsavIM pustaka &sstthB-- bhijaan sampAdaka DaoN.dharmacanda jaina sampAdaka maNDala kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA pro. cAMdamala karNAvATa sampatarAja DosI prakAzacanda jaina dharmacanda jaina prakAzaka samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura

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svAdhyAya zikSA (Agama-vizeSAGka) prakAzaka a. bhA. zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha pAramArthika TrasTa, indaura ke lie samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302003 phona naM.- 2565997 sampAdaka DaoN. dharmacanda jaina saha AcArya-saMskRta vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura phona naM. 2730081 pharavarI, 2003 mAgha, 2059 mUlya - 20 rupaye mAtra prApti sthAna : zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura - 342001 (rAja.) phona naM. 2624891, phaiksa-2636763

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prakAzakIya jaina AgamoM meM adhyAtma, darzana, saMskRti, itihAsa Adi vividha viSayoM para vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jijJAsu adhyetA usakA avagAhana kara apane jIvana ko jyotirmaya banAne evaM vividha viSayoM kI jJAnarAzi ko AtmasAt karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| jJAnanidhi AgamoM ke adhyayana kI ora hamArI ruci jAgRta evaM abhivRddha ho, isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue svAdhyAya zikSA kA yaha 'Agama-vizeSAka' prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki aprela 2002 meM jinavANI mAsika patrikA kA 'AgamasAhitya vizeSAGka' prakAzita kiyA gayA thaa| usakA sarvatra svAgata huA hai tathA pAThakoM ne adhyayana kara AgamoM ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI prApta karate hue 'vizeSAGka' kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| jinavANI ke Agama-sAhitya vizeSAGka ke prakAzana ke samaya lekhakoM kA jo sahayoga milA, usake lie samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala evaM jinavANI parivAra anugRhIta hai| jinavANI vizeSAGka ke samaya jina lekhoM kA prakAzana nahIM ho sakA thA, unheM svAdhyAya zikSA ke 'Agama-sAhitya' vizeSAGka ke rUpa meM prakAzita karate hue hameM pramoda kA anubhava ho rahA hai| isa vizeSAGka meM jaina AgamoM meM vItarAgatA, vijJAna, paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa, ahiMsA, saMgItakalA, zikSA pAribhASika zabdAvalI Adi aneka viSayoM para vidvAnoM ke lekha samAviSTa kie gae haiN| jinavANI patrikA ke isa pUraka vizeSAGka ko 'svAdhyAya-zikSA ke mAdhyama se prakAzita karate hue hama a.bhA. zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha pAramArthika TrasTa, indaura ke AbhArI haiM, jisake saujanya se yaha prakAzana saMbhava ho skaa| sampAdaka DaoN. dharmacanda jI jaina ko bhI hama isa kArya ke sampAdana hetu hRdaya se dhanyavAda jJApita karate haiN| cetanaprakAzaDUMgaravAla IzvaralAla lalavAnI prakAzacandaDAgA adhyakSa kAryAdhyakSa maMtrI samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura

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.. anukramaNikA sampAdakIya jaina AgamoM kA pramukha pratipAdya : vItarAgatA AcArAMga sUtra : eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa jaina AgamoM meM vijJAna jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa jainAgamoM meM paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya kI kAvyazAstrIya samIkSA Avazyaka sUtra Agama- sAhitya meM saMgIta kalA jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA jaina AgamoM meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA saMbaMdha Agama kA mahattva jainAgamoM meM zikSArthI kA svarUpa dazAzrutaskandha : eka paricaya jainAgamoM kA sarvamAnya rUpa Avazyaka Agama- sAhitya ke katipaya zabdoM svAdhyAya saMgha kI gatividhiyA~ kI mImAMsA : DaoN. dharmacanda jaina : zrI sampatarAja DosI : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina : DaoN. nandalAla jaina : zrI dulIcanda jaina 'sAhityaratna' : zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA : DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya : zrI pArasamala caNDAliyA : samaNI saMbodha prajJA : zrI ratanalAla bAphanA : DaoN. rAjakumArI jaina : saMkalita : DaoN. rAjIva pracaNDiyA : suzrI zvetA jaina : zrI jazakaraNa DAgA : zrI ramezamuni zAstrI : saMkalita V 1 9 23 31 44 58 70 82 89 94 100 101 110 119 125 158

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sampAdakIya atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niunnN| sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe, tao suttaM pvtti|| -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 192 arahanta artharUpa vANI pharamAte haiM tathA zAsana ke hita ke lie gaNadhara use sUtrarUpa meM gUMthate haiN| gaNadhara bhI mAtra aMga AgamoM kI hI racanA karate haiM, kintu unake anantara sthavira aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA karate haiM gaNaharatherakayaM vA AesA, mukkavAgaraNao vaa| dhuva-cala-visesao vA aMgANaMgesu naannttN||-vishessaavshyk bhASya gaNadharoM athavA sthaviroM dvArA racita aMga evaM anaMga (aMga bAhya) Agama donoM kA prAmANya hai| jaba sthavirakRta Agama tIrthakara vANI ke anurUpa evaM abAdhita hoM tabhI unakA prAmANya svIkArya hotA hai| ___mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra gaNadhara kathita, pratyekabuddha kathita, zrutakevali kathita tathA dazapUrvI kathita hotA hai suttaMgaNaharakathidaM,taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM c| sudakevaliNA kathidaM, abhiNNadasapubakathidaM c|| mUlAcAra 5.80 artharUpa prarUpaNa kI dRSTi se sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke Agama eka jaise hote haiM, isa dRSTi se AgamoM ko zAzvata bhI kahA jAtA hai, kintu zabda kI dRSTi se pratyeka tIrthakara ke kAla meM AgamoM kA grathana yA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha aMga-Agama gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI dvArA grathita haiM, kintu upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi aMgabAhya sUtra sthavira kRta haiN| smaraNazakti meM AyI zithilatA ke kAraNa ina AgamoM kI pA~ca bAra vAcanAe~ huii| AgamoM kI pATaliputra (vIra nirvANa 160 varSa), kumArI parvata (vIra nirvANa 300 varSa), mathurA (vIra nirvANa 827), vallabhI (nAgArjunIya vAcanA) evaM vallabhI (vIra nirvANa 680 varSa) meM vAcanAe~ huii| inameM antima vAcanA devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya huii| Agama kI yaha paramparA usake pazcAt nirantara usI rUpa meM cala rahI hai| devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM kA nayA nirmANa nahIM kiyA, kintu unhoMne AgamoM ko sampAdita kara unheM lipibaddha kraayaa| AgamoM kA lekhana devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya hI huA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| AgamoM kI apanI viziSTa zailI hai, jisameM jambUsvAmI Arya sudharmA svAmI se pRcchA karate haiM tathA Arya sudharmAsvAmI ziSya jambUsvAmI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra se

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jaisA sunA vaisA artha sUtra rUpa meM pharamAte haiM- "suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM' (he AyuSman (jambU) maiMne sunA hai, una bhagavAna (mahAvIra) ke dvArA isa prakAra kahA gayA hai) AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara aba taka cAra rUpa prApta hote haiN| sabase prAcIna rUpa samavAyAMga sUtra meM dRSTigocara hotA hai, jisake anusAra AgamoM ko pUrva aura aMga ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pUrvo kI saMkhyA caudaha evaM aMgoM kI saMkhyA bAraha batAte hue unake nAma bhI die gae haiN| (draSTavya samavAyAMga, samavAya 14 evaM gaNipiTaka varNana) dUsarA vargIkaraNa nandisUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai, jisake anusAra AgamoM ko aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- ahavA taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM, taMjahA aMgapaviTThaM aMgabAhiraM ca (naMdIsUtra, 43) / tRtIya vargIkaraNa cAra anuyogoM ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai, jisake anusAra samasta Agama cAra anuyogoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| cAra anuyoga haiM- 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga 2. dharmakathAnuyoga 3. gaNitAnuyoga 4. drvyaanuyog| yaha vargIkaraNa AryarakSita dvArA kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM cAra anuyogoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. prathamAnuyoga 2. karaNAnuyoga 3. caraNAnuyoga aura 4. drvyaanuyog| AgamoM ke cauthe vargIkaraNa meM inheM aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda sUtroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pahale aMgasUtroM ke atirikta sabhI sUtra aMgabAhya meM sammilita hote the, kintu upAMga Adi ke rUpa meM vibhAjana hone para yaha hI vargIkaraNa adhika pracalana meM A gyaa| vikrama saMvat 1334 meM nirmita prabhAvaka carita meM aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda ke vibhAjana kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai tatazcaturvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM myaa| tato'GgopAGgamUlAkhyagranthacchedakRtAgamaH / / -prabhAvakacaritam, 24 isake anantara upAdhyAya samayasundaragaNi viracita 'samAcArI zataka' meM bhI isa vibhAjana kA ullekha milatA hai| prakIrNaka zabda kA prayoga apekSAkRta prAcIna hai, jise Agama kI cAra vidhAoM se pRthak mAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya 32 AgamoM ko mAnya karate haiM tathA zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke anusAra 45 Agama mAnya haiN| mUrtipUjakoM ke mata meM 84 Agama bhI mAnya rahe haiN| sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya meM 32 AgamoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra VI * svAdhyAya zikSA

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hotI hai- 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUlasUtra, 4 chedasUtra evaM Avazyaka sUtra / 11 aMga Agama haiM- AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAGga, sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga, bhagavatI(vyAkhyAprajJapti),jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka sUtra / AcArAMga sUtra meM ahiMsA, asaMgatA, apramattatArUpa sAdhanA ke vibhinna sUtra bikhare par3e haiN| isameM punarjanma evaM Atma-svarUpa kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| isake dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA bhI vivaraNa upalabdha hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI AcArAMga kI bhAMti do zrutaskandha haiN| donoM zrutaskaMdhoM meM kula 23 adhyayana haiN| isameM vibhinna dArzanika matoM kA upasthApana kara nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai tathA ahiMsA, aparigraha, pratyAkhyAna Adi sAdhanA ke vibhinna viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| aMgasUtroM meM AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga kI prAcInatA ke saMbaMdha meM sabhI vidvAna ekamata haiN| ina donoM AganoM kI bhASA evaM viSayavastu donoM prAcIna haiN| sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga sUtra meM saMkhyA ke AdhAra para vividha viSayoM evaM tathyoM kA saMkalana hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM eka se lekara dasa saMkhyAoM meM itihAsa, saMskRti, darzana, sAdhanA Adi ke vibhinna viSaya saMgRhIta haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra meM eka se lekara sau evaM koTi saMkhyA taka ke tathyoM kA saMkalana hai, jinameM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi kI sUcanAoM ke atirikta jIvAdi bhedoM kA varNana hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra kA apara nAma bhagavatI sUtra hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM praznottara zailI meM svasamaya, parasamaya, jIva, ajIva, loka, aloka Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta evaM sUkSma carcA upalabdha hotI hai / vibhajyavAda kI zailI meM bha. mahAvIra ne gautama gaNadhara, roha aNagAra, jayantI zrAvikA Adi ke praznoM kA sundara samAdhAna kiyA hai| isameM gozAlaka, zivarAjarSi, skanda parivrAjaka, tAmalI tApasa Adi kA bhI varNana milatA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA meM aitihAsika evaM kAlpanika dRSTAntoM se AcAra kI dRr3hatA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isakA sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahattva hai| upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM Ananda Adi dasa zramaNopAsakoM kI sAdhanA kA varNana hai, jo zrAvaka samAja ke lie preraNAdAyI hai / antakRtdazA sUtra una 60 sAdhakoM ke jIvana kA varNana karatA hai jo usI bhava meM mokSa ko prApta hue| isameM gajasukumAla, arjunamAlI aura atimukta kumAra kA jIvana caritra vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| anuttaraupapAtika dazA sUtra meM una sAdhakoM kA varNana hai jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA ke bala para anuttara vimAna meM janma grahaNa kiyA hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA prAcIna rUpa lupta ho gayA hai| vartamAna meM jo praznavyAkaraNa upalabdha hai, usameM svAdhyAya zikSA VII

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hiMsA Adi 5 Asrava aura ahiMsA Adi 5 saMvara kA varNana upalabdha hai| vipAka sUtra meM zubha-azubha karma karane ke phala ko sukha aura duHkha kI prApti meM ghaTita karate hue kaI kathAnaka diye gaye haiN| bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda isa samaya anupalabdha hai| isameM parikarma sUtra, anuyoga, pUrva aura cUlikA ke bheda se vistRta nirUpaNa huA thaa| 12 upAMga sUtra haiM aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, nirayAvalikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA / aupapAtika sUtra meM campAnagarI, pUrNabhadra udyAna, vanakhaNDa, azoka vRkSa, koNika rAjA, dhAriNI rAnI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA varNana huA hai| rAjapraznIya sUtra meM sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati nATyAdi vidhi se bhaktibhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isake uttarArddha bhAga meM kezI zramaNa ke sAtha rAjA pradezI kA rocaka saMvAda hai, jisameM AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna siddha kiyA gayA hai| jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra meM jIva aura ajIva dravyoM kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| isa Agama kI 6 pratipattiyoM meM jIva ke vividha prakAra se bheda kiye gaye haiM / prajJApanA sUtra ke 36 padoM meM jIva - ajIva, Asrava-saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa tattvoM se saMbaddha vibhinna viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| isameM sthiti, ucchvAsa, bhASA, zarIra, kaSAya, indriya, lezyA, avagAhanA, kriyA, karma-prakRti, AhAra, upayoga Adi viSaya carcita haiN| jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra meM jambUdvIpa, bharatakSetra, bhagavAna RSabhadeva, bharata cakravartI, kAlacakra Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti kA viSaya lagabhaga eka jaisA hai| inameM khagolazAstra kA vyavasthita varNana hai| nirayAvalikA Adi pA~ca sUtroM meM aitihAsika kathAnaka haiN| nirayAvalikA meM naraka meM jAne vAle rAjakumAroM kA varNana hai| kalpAvataMsikA meM kalpa arthAt devaloka meM utpanna hone vAle samrAT zreNika ke dasa pautroM kA varNana hai| puSpikA sUtra meM una dasa devoM kA varNana hai jo puSpaka vimAnoM meM baiThakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karane Aye / puSpacUlikA sUtra meM bhI dasa devoM kA varNana hai jo puSpacUlikA vimAna meM baiThakara bhagavAna kA darzana karane Aye / vRSNidazA sUtra meM vRSNivaMza ke balabhadra ke niSadha kumArAdi bAraha putroM kA varNana hai, jo bhagavAna neminAtha ke pAsa dIkSita hue aura sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM devAyu ko bhogakara mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lete hue mokSa prApta kreNge| VIII 4 mUlasUtra haiM- uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra / uttarAdhyayana sUtra 36 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai / ina adhyayanoM meM vinaya, svAdhyAya zikSA

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pApA parISaha, maraNa, apramattatA, mokSa mArga, pravacana mAtA, karma prakRti, lezyA Adi viSayoM kI carcA hai| AcArya zayyaMbhava racita dazavaikAlika sUtra ke 10 adhyayanoM meM zramaNAcAra kA acchA pratipAdana hai| nandIsUtra devavAcaka dvArA racita hai tathA isameM paMcavidha jJAnoM kA sundara nirUpaNa hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM nikSepa, upakrama, AnupUrvI, pramANadvAra, anugama, naya Adi ke varNana ke sAtha kAvyazAstra Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bhI jAnakArI vidyamAna hai| 4 chedasUtra haiM- dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nishiith| chedasUtroM meM zramaNAcAra ke utsarga evaM apavAda niyama diye haiN| prAyazcitta kA vidhAna bhI kiyA gayA hai| dazAzrutaskandha ke dasa adhyayanoM meM 20 asamAdhi doSa, 21 zabala doSa, 33 AzAtanA Adi kA varNana hai| kalpasUtra isake AThaveM adhyayana se prasUta hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie kalpanIya evaM akalpanIya vastra, pAtra Adi kA vivecana hai| vyavahAra sUtra meM vihAra, cAturmAsa, AvAsa, pada Adi vyavahAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| nizItha sUtra ko AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI pAMcavI cUlA mAnA jAtA hai| isameM sAdhvAcAra meM lage doSoM ke nivAraNa hetu prAyazcitta kI vizeSa vyavasthA hai| - battIsaveM Avazyaka sUtra meM sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyakoM kA varNana hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM jItakalpa evaM mahAnizItha kI chedasUtroM meM gaNanA karake chaH chedasUtra mAne jAte haiN| oghaniyukti-piNDaniyukti ko mUlasUtroM meM ginA jAtA hai| ve dasa prakIrNakoM ko bhI Agama meM sammilita karate haiN| dasa prakIrNaka haiM- 1. catuHzaraNa 2. Atura pratyAkhyAna 3. bhakta-parijJA, 4. saMstAraka 5. taMdulavaicArika 6. candravedhyaka 7. devendrastava 8. gaNividyA 6. mahApratyAkhyAna 10. gcchaacaar| isa prakAra zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM 45 sUtra mAnya haiM (sthAnakavAsI dvArA mAnya 32 Agama + uparyukta 13 aagm)| isa paramparA meM 84 Agama bhI mAnya haiM, jisameM 20anya prakIrNaka, 10 niyuktiyA~ tathA 6 anya grantha sammilita kie jAte haiN| ___ 20 anya prakIrNaka-1. RSibhASita 2. ajIvakalpa 3. gacchAcAra 4. maraNasamAdhi 5. titthogAliya 6. ArAdhanApatAkA 7. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti 8. jyotiSkaraNDaka 6. aMgavidyA 10. siddhaprAbhRta 11. sArAvalI 12. jIvavibhakti 13. piNDavizuddhi 14. paryanta-ArAdhanA 15.yoniprAbhRta 16. aMgacUlikA 17. baMgacUlikA 18. vRddhacatuHzaraNa 16. jambUpayannA 20. klpsuutr| svAdhyAya zikSA

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10 niyuktiyA~- 1.Avazyakaniyukti 2.dazavaikAlikaniyukti 3. uttarAdhyayananiyukti 4.AcArAMganiyukti 5.sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 6. sUryaprajJaptiniyukti 7. bRhatkalpaniyukti 8. vyavahAraniyukti 6. dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti 10. Rssibhaassitniyukti| 9 anya grantha- 1. yatijItakalpa 2. zrAddhajItakalpa 3. pAkSikasUtra 4. kSamApanAsUtra 5. vandittu 6. tithiprakaraNa 7. kavacaprakaraNa 8. saMsaktaniyukti 6. vizeSAvazyakabhASyA digambara paramparA ina ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko mAnya nahIM krtii| inake yahA~ puSpadanta evaM bhUtabalI dvArA racita SaTkhaNDAgama, gaNadhara dvArA racita kaSAyaprAbhRta, vaTTakera kRta mUlAcAra, aparAjita sUri kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA, AcArya kundakunda kI samayasAra Adi kRtiyoM ko Agama ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA bhale hI zvetAmbara AgamoM ko mAnya nahIM karatI ho, kintu strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi do-cAra bAtoM ko chor3akara zvetAmbaroM evaM digambaroM meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| isI prakAra zvetAmbara mUrtipUjakoM ke sAtha terApaMtha evaM sthAnakavAsiyoM kA mUrtipUjA ke bindu ke atirikta koI vizeSa matabheda nahIM hai| sthAnakavAsiyoM evaM terApaMthiyoM ke to Agama pUrNataH samAna haiN| inameM jo matabheda ubharakara Ate haiM, ve vyAkhyAgata matabheda haiN| jainadarzana ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM mUla dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM prAyaH ekarUpatA hai, jo bheda hai vaha AcAragata bheda hai| vaha AcAra-saMbaMdhI bheda hI phira dArzanika rUpa se vikasita hue haiN| AgamoM kA adhyayana sabake lie samAna rUpa se upAdeya hai| eka dUsare kI paramparA ke AgamoM kA adhyayana karane se mithyAtva nahIM lagatA hai| mithyAtva to dRSTi meM hotA hai, usase bacanA caahie| jahA sUI sasuttA, paDiyA vi na vinnssi| tahA jIve sasutte, saMsAre na vinnssi|| -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 29.59 jisa prakAra dhAge sahita suI gira jAne para bhI khotI nahIM hai, usI prakAra zAstrajJAna sahita jIva saMsAra meM vinaSTa nahI hotaa| Agama kA yaha vacana AgamasUtroM kI mahattA ko prakaTa karatA hai| AgamoM meM jo jJAna-nidhi hai vaha jIvana meM pade-pade upayogI hai| bIsavIM zatI meM jainAgama aura usake vyAkhyA-sAhitya kA prakAzana aneka sthAnoM se huA hai| adhikAMza AgamoM ke anuvAda aura vivecana hindI aura gujarAtI svAdhyAya zikSA

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bhASAoM meM upalabdha haiN| kucha Agama aMgrejI bhASA meM bhI anUdita aura vivecita hue haiN| harmana jekobI, vAlTara zubiMga Adi videzI vidvAnoM ne bhI isa dizA meM agraNI rUpa se kArya kara jaina sAhitya kI mahattA ko bhAratIyoM aura vaidezikoM ke madhya pratiSThita kiyA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA prathama saMskaraNa harmana jaikobI dvArA barlina se prakAzita kiyA gayA thaa| bhArata meM AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.sA., AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA., pUjya zrI amolakaRSi jI, muni zrI puNyavijaya jI, muni zrI jambUvijaya jI, zrI sAgarAnandasUri jI, AcArya zrI tulasI jI, AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI, upAdhyAya zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' Adi ne AgamoM ke saMpAdana, anuvAda, vivecana yA TIkA lekhana ke kSetra meM viziSTa yogadAna kiyA hai| vidvat samAja meM pa. zrI dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, paM. zrI becaradAsa dozI, paM. zrI zobhAcanda bhArilla Adi ke nAma AdarapUrvaka lie jAte haiN| abhI taka bhASya, cUrNi aura saMskRta TIkAoM ke anuvAda sAmane nahIM Ae haiN| prakIrNakoM kA anuvAda Agama-ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura se ho rahA hai| niyuktiyoM para lADanUM aura vArANasI meM kArya cala rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka ke avasara para unakI vANI ke aMza rUpa meM mAnya AgamoM ke adhyayana ko protsAhita karane kI dRSTi se jinavANI kA aprela-2002 meM 'jainAgama-sAhitya' vizeSAGka prakAzita kiyA gyaa| isa vizeSAGka meM sthAnakavAsI evaM terApantha sampradAya dvArA mAnya sabhI 32 AgamoM ke atirikta prakIrNakoM evaM AgamoM ke vyAkhyA-sAhitya para bhI nibandha saMgRhIta haiN| digambara paramparA meM mAnya pramukha Agamatulya granthoM kA paricaya bhI isameM samAviSTa jainAgama-sAhitya ke paricaya hetu pUrva meM bhI kucha prakAzana hue haiM, unameM eca.Ara. kApar3iyA kI pustaka- A History of Jaina Canonical Literature, zrI vijayamuni zAstrI kI "Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya", AcArya devendramuni jI kI "jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA", AcArya jayantasenasUri jI dvArA sampAdita "jainAgama : eka anuzIlana" pustakeM prakAza meM AI haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se prakAzita jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke prathama do bhAga bhI isa dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja ke "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" evaM DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ke 'prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' pustakoM meM bhI Agama-sAhitya kA paricaya vidyamAna hai| isake atirikta ahamadAbAda svAdhyAya zikSA meM -

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meM 1686 meM huI saMgoSThI ke zodha-patroM kI pustaka 'jaina Agama sAhitya' DaoN. ke. Ara. candra ke sampAdakatva meM prakAzita huI hai| zrI madhukaramuni jI dvArA saMkSepa meM 'jainAgama : eka paricaya' nAmaka laghupustikA bhI likhI gaI hai| Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara se prakAzita AgamoM kI bhUmikAe~ bhI AgamoM kA jJAna karAne meM sahAyaka haiN| aMga-AgamoM ke paricaya hetu Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura se sadyaH prakAzita pustaka 'aMga sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' bhI ullekhanIya hai| jinavANI patrikA ke vizeSAGka ke anantara jo lekha avaziSTa rahe ve svAdhyAya-zikSA ke Agama-vizeSAGaka ke rUpa meM prakAzita kie jA rahe haiN| isa vizeSAGka meM AcArAMga, AvazyakasUtra, dazAzrutaskandha Adi katipaya AgamoM ke atirikta Agama-sAhitya meM vItarAgatA, vijJAna, ahiMsA, paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa, saMgItakalA, zikSA, Agama-sAhitya kI kAvyazAstrIya samIkSA Adi aneka viSayoM para lekha sammilita haiN| AgamoM meM varNita vibhinna viSayoM se pAThakoM ko avagata karAnA hI isa vizeSAGka kA lakSya rahA hai| lekhakoM ke sahayoga ke binA isakA prakAzana saMbhava nahIM thA / ataH unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala ke adhyakSa zrI cetanaprakAza jI DUMgaravAla ke protsAhana evaM mantrI zrI prakAzacanda jI DAgA kA sarvavidha sahayoga ke lie maiM unakA bhI hArdika kRtajJa huuN| AzA hai svAdhyAya-zikSA kA yaha Agama-vizeSAGka svAdhyAyI pAThakoM ke jJAna meM kiciM vRddhi karane meM sahAyaka siddha hogaa| -dharmacanda jaina XII svAdhyAya zikSA

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jaina AgamoM kA pramukha pratipAdya : vItarAgatA zrI sampatarAja DosI vItarAgatA kI prApti ke upAyoM kA nirUpaNa hI AgamoM kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| AgamoM meM saMskRti, itihAsa, khagola Adi kA bhI nirUpaNa milatA hai, kintu Agama AdhyAtmika saMdeza se otaprota haiM, isameM sandeha nhiiN| Agama pAThaka ko vItarAgatA kI ora kadama bar3hAne kI preraNA karate haiN| zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha ke pUrva saMyojaka evaM pratiSThita vidvAn zrI DosI jI ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyak tapa ke pratipAdana ko AdhAra banAkara AgamoM meM vItarAgatA ko pramukha pratipAdya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| -sampAdaka %3 ___ saMsArastha jIvoM meM jaise zarIra ke andara AtmA mukhya hotI hai, ThIka isI prakAra jaina dharma yA jaina darzana rUpa zarIra meM vItarAgatA usameM rahI huI AtmA ke samAna hai| jaina zabda ke artha para vicAra kareM to jina arthAt rAgadveSa ko jItane vAle vItarAga jinezvaroM dvArA jo prarUpita hai use jaina dharma kahate haiN| dUsare artha ke anusAra jina arthAt vItarAga jinezvaroM ke upAsaka ko jaina kahate haiN| jainadharma IzvaravAdI na hokara AtmavAdI hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to avatAravAdI nahIM hokara uttAravAdI hai| IzvaravAda meM paramAtmA avatAra dhAraNa karake duSToM ko mAra kara dharma kA utthAna karate haiM, jabaki uttAravAda meM AtmA apane ajJAna evaM moha athavA rAgadveSa ko naSTa karake sva evaM para kA kalyANa karate hue paramAtmA banatA hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki saMsAra kI pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA svarUpa hai aura apane andara rahe hue paramAtma bhAva ko svayaM ke sat puruSArtha dvArA prakaTa karake svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai siddhAM jaiso jIva hai, jIva so hI siddha hoy| karma maila kA AntarA, bUjhe viralA koy|| vizva ke adhikAMza dharma evaM darzana paramAtmA ko eka evaM sAre jagata kA nirmAtA mAnate haiN| ve use jagata ke pratyeka prANI kA nirmANa karane vAlA evaM usako sukha-duHkha dene vAlA bhI mAnate haiN| jaisAki kahA bhI hai- "hAni-lAbha, jIvana-maraNa, yaza-apayaza vidhi hAtha hai|" parantu jaina darzana kA mAnanA hai ki jagata ke sabhI jIva apane sukha duHkha, janma-maraNa Adi ke kartA svayaM hI haiN| jaisAki uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 20 gAthA 37 meM kahA hai appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca, duppaDhio supptttthio|| arthAt AtmA svayaM hI apane karmoM kA kartA hai aura vikartA arthAt karmoM

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kA nAza karane vAlA bhI svayaM hI hai| satkarma karane vAlI AtmA apanI mitra aura duSkarma karane vAlI AtmA apanI zatru hai| prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba AtmA svayaM hI apane sukha, duHkha kA kartA hai to vaha duHkhI hone kA kArya karatA hI kyoM hai? samAdhAna yaha hai ki prANimAtra cAhatA to hamezA sukha hI hai aura jitane bhI kArya karatA hai vaha sukha ke liye hI karatA hai, para phira bhI nahIM cAhate hue bhI duHkha usako milatA hai aura vaha duHkha use bhoganA bhI par3atA hai| jisa prakAra choTA baccA ajJAnavaza agni yA sAMpa ko bhI khilaunA samajha kara sukha ke liye use pakar3a letA hai to ajJAna ke phalasvarUpa use sukhI ke bajAya duHkhI honA par3atA hai| ThIka isI prakAra jaba taka AtmA ko apane andara chupe hue jJAna kA bhAna nahIM hotA taba taka use sukha bhautika padArthoM jaise dhana, kuTumba, zarIra Adi meM dikhatA hai| isa kAraNa vaha una padArthoM se rAga yA mamatva karatA hai, para cUMki sabhI bhautika padArtha jar3a haiM, na unameM cetanA hai na saMvedanA hI tathA na sukha athavA duHkha hii| jaise reta meM tela yA pAnI meM makkhana kA guNa hotA hI nahIM to lAkha prayatna karane para bhI milegA kaise? isI prakAra bhautika vastuoM meM sukha kA guNa hai hI nahIM to milegA kaise? parantu jaba taka AtmA ko apane asalI svarUpa va apane andara chipe hue guNoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA taba taka jIva se ziva, AtmA se paramAtmA, saMsArI se siddha banane kI kalA ko nahIM jAna sktaa| ___ jaina darzana kA mAnanA hai ki AtmA apane ajJAna aura moha ko dUra karake agara apane andara chupe hue rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi zatruoM ko jIta kara vItarAga bana jAya to vaha apane hI andara chupe hue ananta sukha, atula zAnti evaM apAra Ananda ko prakaTa kara AtmA se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jaina darzana eka saccA AstikavAdI darzana hai, jisameM pahale svayaM AtmA para zraddhA yA vizvAsa hone kI bAta ko Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai, jise Agamika bhASA meM samyag darzana kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka AtmA karma evaM zarIra ke sAtha anAdi kAla se rahane ke kAraNa vaha apane Apako, zarIra arthAt jar3a rUpa hI mAnane laga jAtA hai| sukha evaM zAnti AtmA kA nija guNa hone ke kAraNa sukha evaM zAnti usakI naisargika mAMga hai| jaisAki pratyakSa bhI dekhA jAtA hai choTe se choTA prANI cAhe cIMTI ho yA kunthu, manuSya ho yA pazu, pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se ghabarAtA hai| duHkha se bacane kA upAya aura sukha ko prApta karane kA upAya jIvana bhara karatA rahatA hai, kintu jaba taka AtmA ko samyag darzana nahIM ho jAtA taba taka sukha kA prayAsa saphala - svAdhyAya zikSA

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nahIM hotaa| ___ rAjapraznIya sUtra meM rAjA pradezI ke kathAnaka ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA ki rAjA pradezI ne sunA thA ki AtmA aura zarIra bhinna bhinna dravya haiM, para cUMki AtmA atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa na to dikhAI detA hai na anubhava meM AtA hai, na mazInoM se jAnA yA parakhA jA sakatA hai| usane AtmA ko dekhane, jAnane evaM mAnane ke liye aneka manuSyoM ko vividha prakAra se mArakara, kATakara hatyAe~ bhI kI, para AtmA ko dekhane va jAnane meM saphala nahIM ho skaa| eka bAra usane 'kezIzramaNa' nAma ke mahAmuni ke darzana kiye aura vividha prakAra ke prazna, tarka, vitarka Adi AtmA ko jAnane aura mAnane ke liye kiye| sabhI praznoM ke yathocita uttaroM ke mAdhyama se use samajha meM A gayA ki maiM svayaM AtmA hU~ aura zarIra, dhana, kuTumba Adi saba pratyakSa jar3a haiM to usakA dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki maiM svayaM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha evaM ananta zakti kA svAmI huuN| isa dRr3ha nizcaya se usakI mAnasikatA badala gaI aura zarIra, kuTumba, dhanAdi se tathA rAjya se Asakti svataH kama par3a gii| yahAM taka ki prANapyArI patnI (mahArAnI) taka se mamatva evaM rAga kama ho gayA aura jyoM jyoM samabhAva meM rahane lagA tyoM tyoM atyanta zAnti kI anubhUti hone lgii| usane zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata svIkAra kiye tathA do do dina ke upavAsa arthAt bele-bele kI tapasyA karane lgaa| rAjya meM rahate hue bhI rAjA ke tyAga evaM vairAgya se rAnI ke bhogoM ke svArtha meM kamI par3ane ke kAraNa usakA rAjA ke prati rAga (moha) dveSa meM badala gayA aura SaDyantra karake rAjA ko viSa taka de diyaa| parantu rAjA kA tyAga, vairAgya saccA thA aura samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna pUrvaka thA, isaliye usane marate samaya taka rAnI para kiMcit mAtra bhI dveSa nahIM karate hue pUrNa samAdhi pUrvaka maraNa ko prApta kiyaa| bhavAntara meM vaha pUrNa vItarAgatA ko prApta kara legA arthAt AtmA se paramAtmA bana jaayegaa| aisI vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA ke liye jaina AgamoM meM cAra upAya batAye gaye NANaM ca dasaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo thaa| esa maggotti paNNatto, jiNehi vrdNsiihiN|| -utta.a.28.gA.2 arthAt jJAna,darzana, cAritra aura tapa- ye cAroM milakara mokSa arthAt vItarAgatA ke mArga haiM, aisA jinezvaroM arthAt vItarAgiyoM ne kahA hai| ina cAroM kA saMkSipta artha nimna prakAra hai svAdhyAya zikSA

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samyag jJAna- jIva arthAt AtmA, ajIva arthAt jar3a pudgala, bandha arthAt AtmA kA pudgaloM, kamoM evaM zarIra Adi se saMbaMdha honA tathA mokSa arthAt AtmA kA koM evaM zarIra Adi ke bandhana se sarvathA chUTa jAnA, ye mukhya cAra tattva tathA bandha ke kAraNa ko Amnava, bandha ko rokane ke upAya ko saMvara aura baMdhana ke AMzika tor3ane ko nirjarA, isa taraha sAta tattva evaM Asrava ke zubha bheda ko puNya tathA azubha bheda ko pApa isa prakAra nava tattvoM ke svarUpa ko vistAra se athavA saMkSepa se jAnane ko samyag jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jJAna kA svarUpa, jJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa vistAra se nandI sUtra meM tathA tattvArtha sUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM upalabdha hai| jJAna-prApti kA pramukha upAya, vinaya, vinIta ziSya ke lakSaNa, guNa, avinaya se hAniyAM Adi uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 1 meM haiN| ajJAna sAre duHkhoM kA mUla, saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa Adi uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 6 meM hai| saMsArastha jIvoM meM pAne vAle jJAna, ajJAna Adi kA varNana pannavaNA evaM bhagavatI sUtra meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| samyag darzana-uparyukta jIvAjIva Adi tattvoM para dRr3ha vizvAsa arthAt Atmaparaka vizvAsa kA honaa| AtmA aura zarIra kA bhedavijJAna AtmA ke stara para honA tathA ina tattvoM kA anubhUti paraka jJAna jina mahApuruSoM ko ho gayA tathA jinhoMne rAgadveSa rUpa bandhanoM ko tor3a kara vItarAgatA ko prApta kara liyA aise jinezvaroM ke prati pUrNa vizvAsa hone ko samyag darzana kahA gayA hai| samyag darzana kA svarUpa, bheda, lakSaNa, prApti ke upAya Adi tattvArtha sUtra adhyayana 2 meM tathA vividha pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi se samyag darzana kI carcA rAjapraznIya sUtra meM hai| samyag darzana kI prApti meM ruci, prabhAvanA Adi kA varNana uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 28 meM hai| samyag darzana kI prApti kI prakriyA, bheda, prabheda Adi karmagrantha bhAga 2 tathA tattvArtha sUtra adhyayana 2 meM upalabdha hai| samyag darzana kI mahimA evaM lAbha AcArAMga meM varNita hai| samyaga darzana kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karane vAle zrAvakoM kA varNana upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM varNita hai| samyaktva parAkrama (uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 26) meM samyag darzana, vItarAgatA Adi kA vistAra se varNana upalabdha hai| samyaka cAritra- samyag jJAna evaM darzana hone ke pazcAt aThAraha pApoM kA tyAga karanA tathA paMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karanA, pA~ca samiti tIna gupti kA pAlana karate hue viSaya, kaSAya, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, rAga, dveSa Adi kA nAza karane meM satata svAdhyAya zikSA

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prayatnazIla rahane ko samyak cAritra kahA jAtA hai| zramaNa AcAra kA pUrA varNana dazavaikAlika, AcArAMga Adi meM cAritra kI dRSTi se tathA zramaNoM va nirgranthoM ke bheda, prabheda Adi bhagavatI zataka 25 meM hai / pA~ca saMvara evaM pA~ca Asrava dvAroM kA vistRta varNana prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM hai / samyak cAritra ke grahaNa kA evaM hiMsAdi pApoM se nivRtti kA pUrNa upadeza AcArAMga sUtra meM hai| cAritra ke bheda, prabheda Adi bhagavatI sUtra zataka 25 meM haiN| pAMca samiti, tIna gupti kA pUrA varNana uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 24 meM hai / sAdhu-samAcArI kA pUrNa varNana uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 26 meM tathA cAritra ke bheda, prabheda Adi bhagavatI sUtra zataka 25 uddezaka 6,7 meM kiyA gayA hai| samyak tapa- purAne saMcita karmoM kA nAza karane hetu azanAdi kA tyAga tathA svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vyutsarga Adi karanA samyak tapa kahalAtA hai| tapa kA svarUpa va bhedoM kA varNana uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 30, ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI Adi kA varNana antagaDadazA sUtra, tapasvI sAdhakoM kA varNana AcArAMga, uvavAI, aNuttarovavAI, bhagavatI sUtra Adi meM vizeSa rUpa se upalabdha hai| samyag jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa ye cAroM sAdhanAe~ vItarAgatA kI prApti ke lie parama Avazyaka haiN| vItarAgatA vAstava meM eka vaijJAnika tathya hai| yaha eka sarvamAnya satya hai ki pratyeka AtmA sukha cAhatA hai aura vaha jIvana paryanta jitane bhI kArya karatA hai sukhaprApti ke liye hI karatA hai / parantu ananta kAla taka ananta janmoM meM sukha kA prayAsa karane para bhI vaha sampUrNa sukhI bana nahIM paataa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA pudgala se milane vAle sukha ko hI saccA sukha mAna letA hai arthAt dhana, kuTumba,zarIra, aham Adi ke sukha ko hI saccA sukha mAna letA hai jo ki vAstava meM sukha na hokara sukhAbhAsa mAtra hai aura isa sukha ke andara chipI huI azAnti evaM tanAva rUpa duHkha ke rahasya ko na samajha sakane ke kAraNa yaha kSaNika sukha anta meM punaH duHkha rUpa bana jAtA hai| janma-maraNa, saMyoga-viyoga, lAbha-hAni evaM mAna-apamAna meM se prAyaH janma, saMyoga, lAbha evaM mAna meM sukha mAnA jAtA hai aura inake viparIta maraNa, viyoga, hAni evaM apamAna meM duHkha mAnA jAtA hai / para gaharAI se dekhane para patA calatA hai ki maraNa ke duHkha kA mUla janma, viyoga ke duHkha kA mUla saMyoga, hAni ke duHkha kA mUla lAbha evaM apamAna ke duHkha kA mUla sammAna meM chipA huA hotA hai| janma, saMyoga, lAbha svAdhyAya zikSA 5

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evaM sammAna ye cAra anukUla lagate haiM aura anukUlatA meM vyakti sukha mAnatA hai va rAga karatA hai aura maraNa, viyoga, hAni aura apamAna ko pratikUlatA mAnatA hai aura duHkha anubhava karatA hai| inase saMbaMdhita vastu, vyakti evaM paristhiti para dveSa karatA hai| gaharAI se cintana karane para patA calatA hai ki pratikUlatA ke duHkha kA mUla anukUlatA kA sukha hai| pratikUlatA ke nimitta vastu, vyakti yA paristhiti para dveSa kI jar3a anukUlatA ke rAga meM chipI hotI hai| rAga cUMki anukUlatA meM hotA hai isaliye isakI burAI na samajha meM AtI hai na mahasUsa hotI hai| ina rAga aura dveSa donoM kA mUla mamatva hotA hai| saMsAra meM sAre duHkhoM kA mUla hI mamatva hotA hai / jIvana ko zarIra, dhana, kuTumba, ahaM Adi meM sukha dikhAI detA hai, isa kAraNa vaha inase mamatva karatA hai / vAstava meM to inase sukha milatA hI nahIM, para phira bhI ajJAna evaM saMskAra ke kAraNa jIva ko sukha lagatA hai| jaise koI miThAI pahale to cAva se khAtA hai aura khAkara prasanna hotA hai, para khAte-khAte hI dhIre-dhIre sukha samApta ho jAtA hai| khAne se pahale jitanA aura jaisA rAga hotA hai vaha dhIre-dhIre kama par3a jAtA hai aura phira rAga ke sthAna para dveSa bar3hane laga jAtA hai| bar3hate-bar3hate vaha dveSa bhI itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha usa miThAI ko dekhanA taka nahIM caahtaa| ThIka isI prakAra prAyaH sabhI bhautika sukhoM kI sthiti huA karatI hai| rAga evaM dveSa ye donoM jahara ke samAna haiM, para rAga mIThA jahara hai aura dveSa khAre jahara ke samAna hai| rAga meM duHkha bhI sukha rUpa lagatA hai| jaise eka lar3akI apane dasa kilo vajana ke bhAI ko khuzI khuzI uThA kara phiratI hai para usako agara pA~ca kilo vajana ke patthara ko uThAne kA kaheM to vaha use bhAra lgegaa| isI prakAra eka seTha kI dukAna para eka roja subaha se grAhakoM kI bhIr3a laga gii| dukAna para seTha ke sAtha munIma bhI kArya kara rahA thA / grAhakI dina bhara aisI rahI ki seTha aura munIma donoM kA khAnA AyA huA par3A hI raha gayA / grAhakI joradAra hone se seTha ko na bhUkha mahasUsa huI, na thakAna, na tteNshn| para munIma ko to bhUkha, thakAna aura TeMzana jabaradasta ho gyaa| spaSTa hai ki seThajI ko rAga ke kAraNa bhUkha, thakAna evaM TeMzana rUpa pratyakSa duHkha bhI mahasUsa nahIM huaa| isI prakAra AbhUSaNoM kA bhAra bhI pratyakSa bhAra rUpa duHkha hone para bhI vaha bhAra burA mahasUsa nahIM hotaa| jaina AgamoM meM rAgAdi pApa ko kiMpAka phala kI upamA se upamita kiyA " jahA kiMpAkaphalANaM pariNAmo na sundaro / svAdhyAya zikSA gayA hai 6

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evaM bhuttANa bhogANaM, pariNAmo na sundro||" jisa prakAra kiMpAka phala dikhane meM sundara hotA hai, kintu usakA pariNAma sundara nahIM hai isI prakAra bhoge gae bhogoM kA pariNAma sundara nahIM hotA, anubhava kAla meM bhale hI ve sundara lagate hoN| isa rAga ko jItanA yA naSTa karanA hI vItarAgatA hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to lagabhaga sabhI jaina AgamoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vItarAgatA kI hI bAta kahI gaI hai| cAhe vaha jIva, ajIva Adi nava tattvoM ke vistAra ke rUpa meM ho, jaise uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 36 evaM ThANAMga sUtra ThANA 6, pannavaNA sUtra pada 1,2,3,5,6 Adi meM, tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 5, 6 Adi meM hai| pA~ca Amnava va pAMca saMvara tattva kA vistAra praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM hai| jIva ajIva kA varNana jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra Adi meM hai| karma-siddhAnta ke rUpa meM pUrA karmagrantha bhAga 1 se 6, jinameM karmoM kA svarUpa, bheda, prabheda, karma bandha ke kAraNa, bandha kI sthiti, udaya, nirjarA Adi tathA karmoM se mukta hone ke upAya ke rUpa meM guNasthAnoM kA pUrNa svarUpa, bheda tathA AtmA kaise-kaise rAgadveSa ko kramazaH kama karate-karate pUrNa vItarAgatA ko prApta karake mukta taka ho sakatA hai, kA varNana upalabdha hai| vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA AMzika rUpa meM karane vAle zrAvakoM kA varNana upAsakadazAMga sUtra meM, bhagavatI sUtra Adi meM hai| vItarAgatA kI pUrNa sAdhanA karane vAle zramaNa-sAdhakoM kA varNana bhagavatI sUtra, antakRtadazAMga sUtra, anuttaraupapAtika sUtra Adi meM upalabdha hai| rAgadveSa rUpa adharma karane evaM duHkhada phala bhogane vAloM kA varNana duHkha vipAka sUtra meM tathA rAgadveSa ko AMzika kSaya karane rUpa dharma karane vAloM va usakA sukhada phala bhogane vAloM kA varNana sukha vipAka sUtra meM hai| jaina darzana evaM sabhI jaina AgamoM kA sUkSma avalokana karane se yaha spaSTa jAnA jA sakatA hai ki vItarAgatA ina AgamoM kA prANa hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi sabakA samAveza rAgadveSa meM ho jAtA hai| zAstrakAroM ne ina donoM ko bhAva zatru mAnA hai tathA inake jItane vAloM ko vItarAga athavA arihanta kahA hai| jaina dharma ke sabhI phirakoM ne namaskAra sUtra ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| namaskAra sUtra kA prathama pada bhI inhIM vItarAga arihantoM ke lie arpita hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 32 gAthA 7 meM "rAgo ya doso ya biya kammabIyaM" kahakara rAga evaM dveSa ko sabhI karmoM ke evaM pApoM ke bIja rUpa batAyA hai . svAdhyAya zikSA

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tathA saMsAra meM sukhI hone ke liye dazavaikAlika sUtra adhyayana 2 kI gAthA meM "chidAhiM dosaM, viNaejjaM rAgaM" kahakara dveSa kA chedana karane evaM rAga para vijaya karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| rAga aura dveSa ko mahAn bandhana tathA sneha (rAga) ko bhayaMkara pAza uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 23 gAthA 43 meM batAkara inako kATane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai rAga aura dveSa donoM kI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa mamatva athavA moha kahalAtA hai| ATha karmoM meM sabase prabala karma moha ko mAnA gayA hai| AcArya zrI gajendra muni ne stavana kI kar3I meM kitanA sundare kahA mamatA se saMtApa uThAyA, bheda jJAna kI painI dhAra se > "rAgaddosAo tivvA, nehapAsA bhayaMkarA / te chindittu, jahAnAyaM viharAmi jahakkamaM / / " zAstrakAroM ne bhI uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 32 gAthA 2 meM kahA" NANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, aNNANamohassa vivajjaNAe " arthAt jJAna sabhI bhAvoM kA prakAzaka hai tathA ajJAna evaM moha kA nAza karane vAlA hai| isI prakAra - "" "vIyarAgayAe NaM nehANubaMdhaNANi, taNhANubaMdhaNANi ya vocchiMdaI / hai| - utta. 29/45 arthAt vItarAga bhAva se sneha ke anubandhanoM aura tRSNA ke anubandhanoM kA viccheda ho jAtA hai| Aja huA vizvAsa / kATa diyA vaha pAza / / mere antara bhayA prakAza..... 8 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 26.36 meM kahA gayA ki "vIyarAgabhAva paDivanne vi ya naM jIve sama suhadukkhe bhavai / " arthAt vItarAga rAga bhAva ko prApta huA jIva sukha-duHkha meM sama ho jAtA uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 35 gAthA 21 meM kahA gayA hai "nimammo nirahaMkAro, vIyarAgo aNAsavo / saMpatte kevalaM gANaM, sAsayaM pariNivvue / / " arthAt nirmama, vItarAga evaM AsravoM se rahita nirgrantha muni, zAzvata kevalajJAna ko prApta kara parinirvRta ho jAtA hai arthAt pUrNatayA Atmastha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina AgamoM kA mukhya pratipAdya vItarAgatA hI hai| - saMgItA sAr3Ija, DAgA bAjAra, jodhapura (rAja.) svAdhyAya zikSA

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AcArAMga satra: eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa DaoN. sAgaramala jaina AcArAMgasUtra manuSya ko apramatta, nirbhaya, asaMga, saMvedanazIla evaM ahiMsaka banane kI preraNA karatA hai| manuSya kI manovRttiyoM evaM AdarzoM kA bhI isameM varNana milatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna bhI mana evaM usakI pravRttiyoM kA adhyayana karatA hai| jaina dharma-darzana ke zIrSastha vidvAna DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina ne apane isa Alekha meM AcArAMga sUtra ke dArzanika evaM manovaijJAnika pakSa kA Adhunika manovijJAna ke pariprekSya meM vizleSaNa kiyA hai| -sampAdaka AcArAMgasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya zramaNa AcAra kA saiddhAntika evaM vyAvahArika pakSa hai| cUMki mAnavIya AcAra mana aura buddhi se nikaTa rUpa se jur3A huA hai, ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki AcAra ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI prAmANika cintana manovaijJAnika satyoM ko nakAra kara Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| hameM kyA honA cAhiyeyaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM aura kyA ho sakate haiM? hamArI kSamatAe~ evaM saMbhAvanAe~ kyA haiM? AcaraNa ke kisI sAdhya aura siddhAnta kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka kI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko samajhe binA saMbhava nahIM hai| hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAntoM evaM niyamoM ke pratipAdana meM kisa sImA taka isa dArzanika, manovaijJAnika evaM samAjazAstrIya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| astitva saMbaMdhI jijJAsA-mAnavIya baddhi kA prathama prazna ____ AcArAMga sUtra ke utthAna meM hI hameM usakI dArzanika dRSTi kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| sUtra kA prArambha hI astitva saMbaMdhI mAnavIya jijJAsA se hotA hai| pahalA hI prazna hai atthi me AyA uvavAie, natthi me AyA uvvaaie| ke ahaM AsI ke vA io cuo peccA bhvissaami||1.1.1.3 isa jIvana ke pUrva merA astitva thA yA nahIM athavA isa jIvana ke pazcAt merI sattA banI rahegI yA nahIM? maiM kyA thA aura mRtyu ke uparAnta kisa rUpa meM hoU~gA, yahI apane astitva kA prazna mAnavIya jijJAsA aura mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna hai, jise sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama uThAyA hai| manuSya ke liye mUlabhUta prazna apane astitva yA sattA kA hI hai| dhArmika evaM naitika cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isI astitvabodha yA svarUpa bodha para AdhArita hai| manuSya kI jIvana dRSTi kyA aura kaisI hogI, yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki apane astitva, apanI sattA aura svarUpa ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa kyA hai? pApa aura puNya athavA dharma aura

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adharma kI sArI mAnyatAe~ astitva kI dhAraNA para hI khar3I huI haiN| isIliye sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki jo isa 'astitva' yA 'svasattA' ko jAna letA hai vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai / (sohaM se AyAvAI logavAI kampavAI kiriyAvAI-1.1.1.4-5) vyakti ke liye mUlabhUta aura sArabhUta tattva usakA apanA astitva hI hai aura sattA yA astitva ke isa mUlabhUta prazna ko uThAkara granthakAra ne apanI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI jijIviSA aura jijJAsA mAnava kI mUla pravRttiyA~ mAnI gayI haiN| satya kI khoja meM saMdeha (dArzanika jijJAsA) kA sthAna yaha kitanA Azcaryajanaka hai ki AcArAMga zraddhA ke sthAna para saMzaya ko satya kI khoja kA eka Avazyaka caraNa mAnatA hai / AcArAMga meM saMzaya kA jo sthAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha dArzanika dRSTi se kAphI upayogI hai| mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ko mahattva dete hue to yahAM taka kahA gayA hai ki "saMsayapariAgao saMsAre parinnaye (1.5.1)" arthAt saMzaya ke jJAna se hI saMsAra kA jJAna hotA hai| Aja samasta vaijJAnika jJAna ke vikAsa meM saMzaya (jijJAsA) kI paddhati ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya kI paddhati ko Aja eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM pragati kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, jise sUtrakAra ne pUrI taraha samajhA hai| saMzaya vicAra ke dvAra ko udghATita karatA hai| vicAra yA cintana se viveka jAgRta hotA hai, jJAna ke naye AyAma prakaTa hone lagate haiM / manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jo yAtrA sandeha se prArambha hotI hai, anta meM zraddhA taka pahuMca jAtI hai| apanA samAdhAna pAne para saMdeha kI pariNati zraddhA meM ho sakatI hai| isase ThIka viparIta samAdhAna rahita andhazraddhA kI pariNati saMdeha meM hogii| jo saMdeha se calegA, anta meM satya ko pAkara zraddhA taka pahuMca jaayegaa| yaha hai AcArAMga kI dArzanika dRSTi kA paricaya | AtmA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa AtmA ke svarUpa yA svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai- je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se AyA / taM paDucca paDisaMkhAe - 1.5.5 / isa prakAra vaha jJAna ko AtmasvabhAva yA AtmasvarUpa batAtA hai| jahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa aise tIna lakSaNa batAtA hai, vahA~ AcArAMga kevala AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para bala detA hai| sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para yahI donoM meM antara pratIta hotA hai, kintu anubhUti ( vedanA ) aura saMkalpa yaha donoM lakSaNa zarIrAzrita baddhAtmA ke haiM, ataH jJAna hI prathama lakSaNa svAdhyAya zikSA 10

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siddha hotA hai| vaise AcArAMga sUtra meM tathA paravartI jaina granthoM meM bhI manovijJAna sammata ina tInoM lakSaNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI AcArAMga kA AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para bala dene kA eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM pUrNataH samabhAva yA samAdhi kI upalabdhi saMbhava nahIM hai| jaba taka sukha- duHkhAtmaka vedanA kI anubhUti hai yA saMkalpa-vikalpa kA cakra cala rahA hai, AtmA parabhAva meM sthita hotA hai, citta samAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa yA svabhAva dharma to samatA hai, jo kevala usake jJAtA draSTA rUpa meM svarUpataH upalabdha hotA hai| vedaka aura kartA rUpa meM vaha svarUpataH upalabdha nahIM hai| mana kA jJAna : sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa nirgrantha sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai- jo maNaM parijANaI se niggathe je maNe apaave-2.15.45| jo mana ko jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA hai, vahI nirgrantha hai, isa prakAra nirgrantha zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai mana ko jAnanA aura dUsarA caraNa hai mana ko apavitra nahIM hone denaa| mana kI zuddhi bhI svayaM manovRttiyoM ke jJAna para nirbhara hai| mana ko jAnane kA matalaba hai andara jhAMkakara apanI manovRttiyoM ko pahacAnanA, mana kI granthiyoM ko khojanA, yahI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| roga kA jJAna aura usakA nidAna usase chuTakArA pAne ke liye Avazyaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI manovizleSaNa vidhi meM bhI manogranthiyoM se mukta hone ke liye unako jAnanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| antardarzana aura manovizleSaNa Adhunika manovijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa vidhiyA~ haiM, AcArAMga meM unheM nirgrantha-sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH AcArAMga kI sAdhanA apramattatA kI sAdhanA hai aura yaha apramattatA apanI cittavRttiyoM ke prati satata jAgarUkatA hai| cittavRttiyoM kA darzana samyagdarzana hai, svasvabhAva meM ramanA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna jisa prakAra mAnasika svAsthya ke lie manogranthiyoM ko tor3ane kI bAta kahatA hai usI prakAra jaina darzana bhI Atmazuddhi ke lie graMthibheda kI bAta kahatA hai| granthi, granthi bheda aura nirgrantha zabdoM ke prayoga svayaM AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| vastutaH granthiyoM se mukti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai- gaMthehi vivattehi AukAlassa paare-1.8.8.11| jo granthiyoM se rahita hai vahI nirgrantha hai| nirgrantha hone kA artha hai- rAga-dveSa yA Asakti rUpI gAMTha kA khula jAnA, jIvana meM andara aura bAhara se ekarUpa ho jAnA, mukhauToM kI jindagI se dUra jAnA, svAdhyAya zikSA meM __ 11

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kyoMki granthi kA nirmANa hotA hai rAga bhAva se, Asakti se, mAyAcAra yA mukhauToM kI jindagI se| isa prakAra AcArAMga eka manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karatA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra bandhana aura mukti ke tattva bAharI nahIM, Antarika haiN| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki -baMdhappamokkho tujjha ajjhatyeva 1.5.2 / bandhana aura mokSa hamAre adhyavasAyoM kiMvA manovRttiyoM para nirbhara haiN| mAnasika bandhana hI vAstavika bandhana hai| gAMTheM jinhoMne hameM bAMdha rakhA hai, ve hamAre mana kI gAMTheM haiN| vaha spaSTa udghoSaNA karatA hai ki-kAmesu giddhA nicayaM kareMti-1.3.21 kAmabhogoM ke prati Asakti se pratyutpanna hiMsA vyakti kI aura saMsAra kI sArI pIr3AoM kA mUla srota hai| yahI jIvana meM naraka kI sRSTi karatI hai, jIvana ko nArakIya banAtI hai| esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nirae-1.1.21 AcArAMga ke anusAra viSaya bhoga ke prati jo AturatA hai, vahI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai| (AturA paritAu~ti-1.1.2) yahAM hameM spaSTa rUpa se vizva kI samasta pIr3AoM kA eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai| sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki- AsaMca chadaM ca vigiMca dhiire| tuma ceva taM sllmaattu-1.2.4| he dhIra puruSa! viSaya-bhogoM kI AkAMkSA aura tatsaMbaMdhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA parityAga kro| tuma svayaM isa kAMTe ko apane antaHkaraNa meM rakhakara duHkhI ho rahe ho| isa prakAra AcArAMga baMdhana, pIr3A yA duHkha ke prati eka AtmaniSTha evaM manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai- je AsavA te parissavA je parissavA, te AsavA-1.4.2 arthAta bAhara meM jo bandhana ke nimitta haiM, ve bhI kabhI mukti ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| isakA Azaya yahI hai ki bandhana aura mukti kA sArA khela sAdhaka ke aMtaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| yadi isI prazna para hama Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki Adhunika manovikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki una kuNThAoM ke kAraNa manogranthiyoM kI racanA hotI hai, jo antatogatvA vyakti meM manovikRtiyoM ko utpanna karatI haiN| manovRttiyoM kI sApekSatA ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga(prema), dveSa, moha Adi kI paraspara kI sApekSatA ko sUcita karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo inameM se kisI eka ko bhI samyak prakAra se jAna letA hai vaha anya sabhI ko jAna letA hai aura jo eka para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha anya sabhI para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| (je egaM jANai se savaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai,je egaM nAme se bahuM nAme je 12 * svAdhyAya zikSA

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bahu nAme se egaM nAme-1.3.4) Azcarya yahI hai ki abhI taka ina sUtroM ke tattvamImAMsIya yA jJAnamImAMsIya artha lagAye gaye aura inake manovaijJAnika saMdarbha ko ojhala kiyA gayA, jabaki ye sUtra vizuddha rUpa se manovaijJAnika haiN| isa uddezaka kA sampUrNa saMdarbha vizuddha rUpa se manovaijJAnika haiM, jo manovijJAna kA viSaya hai| ina kaSAyoM ke duzcakra se vahI mukta ho sakatA hai, jo apramattacetA hai, kyoMki jaise hI vyakti inake prati sajaga banatA hai, inake kAraNoM aura pariNAmoM ko dekhane lagatA hai, vaha manovRttiyoM ke pArasparika saMbaMdha spaSTa hote hue pAtA hai| jaba vyakti krodha ko dekhatA hai, to krodha ke kAraNabhUta dveSabhAva aura dveSa ke kAraNabhUta rAgabhAva ko bhI dekha letA hai| jaba vaha ahaM yA mAna draSTA banatA hai, to ahaM kI tuSTi ke liye mAyAvI mukhauToM kA jIvana bhI usake sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai| sUtrakAra ne pUrI spaSTatA ke sAtha isa bAta ko prastuta kiyA ki kisa prakAra kisI eka manovRtti (kaSAya) kA draSTA dUsarI sabhI sApekSa rUpa se rahI huI manovRttiyoM kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai- jo krodha ko dekhatA hai, vaha mAna(ahaMkAra) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAna ko dekhatA hai vaha mAyA (kapaTavRtti) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAyA ko dekhatA hai vaha lobha ko dekha letA hai| jo lobha ko dekhatA hai vaha rAga-dveSa ko dekha letA hai| jo rAga-dveSa ko dekhatA hai, vaha moha (avidyA) ko dekha letA hai aura jo moha ko dekhatA hai vaha garbha (bhAvI janma) ko dekhatA hai aura jo garbha ko dekhatA hai vaha janma-maraNa kI prakriyA ko dekhatA hai| isa prakAra eka kaSAya kA samyak vizleSaNa usase saMbaMdhita anya kaSAyoM kA tathA unake pariNAmoM aura kAraNoM kA samyak bodha karA detA hai (1.3.4) , kyoMki sabhI manovRttiyA~ paraspara sApekSa hokara rahatI haiN| jahA~ lobhavRtti hotI hai vahAM mAyA yA kapaTAcAra A hI jAtA hai| jahAM kapaTAcAra hotA hai vahAM usake pIche mAna yA ahaMkAra kA prazna jur3A rahatA hai aura jahAM mAna yA ahaMkAra hotA hai usake sAtha krodha jur3A rahatA hai| rAga ke binA dveSa kA aura dveSa ke binA rAga kA TikAva nahIM hai| isI prakAra krodha kA TikAva ahaMkAra para aura ahaMkAra kA TikAva mAyAcAra para, mAyAcAra kA TikAva lobha para nirbhara karatA hai| koI bhI kaSAya dUsarI kaSAya se pUrI taraha nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha sakatI hai, ataH kisI eka kaSAya kA samagra bhAva se vijetA sabhI kaSAyoM kA vijetA bana jAtA hai aura eka draSTA sabhI kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| kaSAya vijaya kA upAya : draSTA yA sAkSIbhAva ____ AcArAMga meM muni aura amuni kA antara spaSTa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki jo sotA hai, vaha amuni hai, jo jAgatA hai vaha muni hai| yahA~ jAgane kA tAtparya hai svAdhyAya zikSA - 13

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apane prati, apanI manovRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA yA apramattacetA honaa| prazna ho sakatA hai ki apramattacetA yA sajaga honA kyoM Avazyaka hai? vastutaH jaba vyakti apane antara meM jhAMkakara apanI vRttiyoM kA draSTA banatA hai to durvicAra aura dRSpravRttiyA~ svayaM vilIna hotI jAtI haiN| jaba ghara kA mAlika jAgatA hai to cora praveza nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra jo sAdhaka sajaga haiM, apramatta haiM, to unameM kaSAya panapa nahIM sakatA, kyoMki kaSAya svayaM pramAda hai tathA pramAda aura apramAda eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiN| ataH apramAda hone para kaSAya panapa nahIM skte| AcArAMga sUtra meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai- 'tU dekha' 'tu dekha' (pAsa! paas!)| yahAM dekhane kA tAtparya hai apane prati yA apanI vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honaa| kyoMki jo draSTA hai,vahI nirupAdhika dazA ko prApta ho sakatA hai (kimatthi uvAhI pAsagassa, Na vijjai? natthi-1.3.4) vastutaH AtmA jaba apane zuddha jJAtA svarUpa meM avasthita hotI hai taba saMsAra ke samasta padArtha hI nahIM varan usakI apanI cittavRttiyAM aura manobhAva bhI use 'para' (sva se bhinna) pratIta hote haiN| jaba vaha 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna letA hai aura usase apanI pRthaktA kA bodha kara letA hai taba vaha apane zuddha jJAyaka svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI vaha avasara hotA hai, jaba mukti kA dvAra udghATita hotA hai, kyoMki jisane 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna liyA hai usake lie mamatva yA rAga ke lie koI sthAna hI nahIM rahatA hai| rAga ke gira jAne para vItarAgatA kA prakaTana hotA hai aura mukti kA dvAra khula jAtA hai| mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi citta ko apavitra nahIM hone dene ke liye mana kI vRttiyoM ko dekhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko dRSpravRttiyoM se bacAne kI eka manovaijJAnika paddhati hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA kI do bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke liye vaha apane krodha kA kartA evaM draSTA eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| mana jaba kartA se draSTA kI bhUmikA meM AtA hai to manovikAra svayaM vilIna hone lagate haiN| mana to svataH hI vAsanA aura vikAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| isaliye kahA gayA hai- appamatto kAmehi uvarato-1.2.11 savato pamattassa bhayaM-appamattassa natthi bhyN-1.3.4| jo apramatta hai vaha kAmanAoM se aura pApa karmoM se uparata hai, pramatta ko hI viSaya-vikAra meM phaMsane kA bhaya hai, apramatta ko nhiiN| apramattatA yA samyagdraSTA kI avasthA meM pApakarma asaMbhava ho jAtA hai, isIliye 14 svAdhyAya zikSA

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kahA gayA hai- sammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM-1.3.2 arthAt samyagdraSTA koI pApa nahIM karatA hai| AcArAMga meM mana ko jAnane athavA apramatta cetanA kI jo bAta bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai, vaha mana ko vAsanAmukta karane kA yA mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kA eka aisA upAya hai jisakI prAmANikatA Adhunika manovijJAna ke prayogoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jaba sAdhaka apramatta cetanA se yukta hokara draSTA bhAva meM sthita hotA hai taba sArI vAsanAyeM aura sAre Avega svataH zithila ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra anyatra yaha kahakara ki "AyaMkadaMsI na karei pAvaM-1.3.21' punaH eka manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| jo apanI pIr3A yA vedanA ko dekha letA hai, usake liye pApa karma meM phaMsanA eka manovaijJAnika asaMbhAvanA bana jAtI hai| jaba vyakti pApakarma yA hiMsAjanita pIr3A kA svayaM AtmaniSTha rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, to hiMsA karanA usake liye asaMbhava ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra pApa se virata hone ke lie manovaijJAnika satyoM para adhiSThita paddhati prastuta karatA hai| dharma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| isameM ahiMsA ko pUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ sAdhanA kA krama andara se bAhara kI ora na hokara bAhara se andara kI ora hai, jo adhika manovaijJAnika hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA jaba taka pariveza evaM cittavRtti nirAkula nahIM banegI, samAdhi nahIM hogI aura jaba taka samAdhi nahIM AegI prajJA kA udaya nahIM hogaa| isa saMdarbha meM AcArAMga ke dRSTikoNa meM aura paravartI jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa meM spaSTa antara hai| vaha AcAra zuddhi se vicAra zuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| AcArAMga meM dharma kyA hai? isake do nirdeza hameM upalabdha hote haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, nitya aura zuddha dharma kahA gayA hai, (savve bhUyA, sabve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavA- esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loye kheyaNNehiM paveie-1.4.1) aura prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke tIsare uddezaka meM samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai, samiyAe dhamme Ariyehi paveie (1.8.3) vastutaH dharma kI ye do vyAkhyAe~ do dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| ahiMsA vyAvahArika samAja sApekSa dharma hai, jabaki vaiyaktika evaM Antarika dRSTi se samabhAva hI dharma hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se ahiMsA aura samabhAva meM abheda hai, kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se alaga haiN| samabhAva kI bAhya abhivyakti ahiMsA bana jAtI hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaba svakendrita (svadayA) hotI hai svAdhyAya zikSA - - 15

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taba samabhAva bana jAtI hai| samatva yA samatA dharma kyoM? yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki samatA ko dharma kyoM mAnA jAve? jaina paramparA ke paravartI granthoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA 'vatthu-sahAvo dhammo' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, ataH samatA ko tabhI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki vaha prANIya svabhAva siddha ho jaave| jarA isa prazna para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kreN| jaina darzana meM mAnava prakRti evaM prANIya prakRti kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA kyA hai? AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai? taba mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA vaha Aja bhI manAvaijJAnika dRSTi se satya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA- AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura samatva hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| (AyAe sAmAie AyA sAmaiyassa atttthebhgvtiisuutr)| vastutaH jahAM bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahAM samatva ke saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke liye prayAsazIla bane, yaha jIvana yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM 'jIvana gatizIla saMtulana hai' (jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi pR.258)| spensara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate haiM aura jIvana apanI kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA punaH isa saMtulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai (pharsTa priMsipalsa-spensa, pR. 66) / vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astitva ke lie saMgharSa kahA hai, kintu merI apanI dRSTi meM ise astitva ke liye saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA samatva ke saMsthApana kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM samabhAva yA vItarAga dazA ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samatva hI jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yahI hamArA svabhAva hai aura jo sva-svabhAva hai vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| spensara, DArvina evaM Arsa prabhRti kucha pAzcAttya vicAraka saMgharSa ko hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva vaha hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina darzana 16 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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ke anusAra nitya aura nirapavAda vastudharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi hama ise kasauTI para kaseM to saMgharSa evaM tanAva jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya svabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga-saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, to phira dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai| kyoMki saMgharSa miTAne ke lie hotA hai| jo miTAne kI, nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai? saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya hai to vaha usake doSoM kA itihAsa hai, usake svabhAva kA itihAsa nhiiN| mAnava svabhAva saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA samatva kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie ho rahe haiN| saMgharSa se vicalana jIvana meM pAye jAte haiM, lekina ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unako samApta karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatA kI upalabdhi hI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi sabhI mAnasika asaMtulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate haiN| ataH AcArAMga meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta vAsanAzUnya, vitarkazUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta, vItarAga avasthA hI jIvana kA Adarza hai, kyoMki vaha samatva kI sthiti hai| rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM, ataH unase Upara uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva kI avasthA hai| vastutaH samatva kI upalabdhi AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnI jA sakatI hai aura jo jIvana kA sAdhya evaM svabhAva ho, vahI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jo samatA ko jAnatA hai vahI munidharma ko jAnatA hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para hI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko arhat pravacana kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvata dharma batAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hameM vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA jaave| sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai| (sabve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA-1.2.3) ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM svAdhyAya zikSA 17

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ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi mekeMjI ne "bhaya' ko ahiMsA kA AdhAra mAnA hai, kintu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai, kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAnta ko yadi ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAyegA to vyakti kevala sabala kI hiMsA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra mAnane para to jisase bhaya hogA usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi banegI, jabaki AcArAMga to prANiyoM ke prati yahAM taka ki vanaspati, jala aura pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta kahatA hai| ataH AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH ahiMsA ko ina manovaijJAnika satyoM ke sAtha-sAtha tulyatA bodha ke bauddhika siddhAnta para khar3A kiyA gyaa| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki 'je ajjhatthaM jANai se bahiyA jANai.... eyaM tullmnnesiN-1.1.7| jo apanI pIr3A ko jAna pAtA hai vahI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko samajha sakatA hai| prANIya pIr3A kI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA yaha AtmasaMvedana hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to ahiMsA ke isa siddhAnta ko adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa svarUpa yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, satAnA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga, 1.5.5) / Age kahatA hai ki jo loga (loka) kA apalApa karatA hai vaha svayaM apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMga 1.2.3) / yahAM ahiMsA ko adhika gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina darzana ke AtmA saMbaMdhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA sA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yahAM vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka dUsare ke prati parabuddhi hai, parAyepana kA bhAva hai, taba taka hiMsA kI saMbhAvanAeM upasthita haiN| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asaMbhava ho sakatI hai jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya dRSTi jAgRta ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita thI use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI vaiyaktikatA kI dhAraNA kA bhI atikramaNa kara use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka ora isa manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA yA ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai- zastroM ke AdhAra para yA bhaya aura hiMsA ke AdhAra para zAnti kI sthApanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka zastra 18 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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kA pratikAra dUsare zastra ke dvArA saMbhava hai| zAnti kI sthApanA to ahiMsA yA prema dvArA hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara kucha anya nahIM hai| (AcArAMga 1.3.4) AcArAMga meM mAnavIya vyavahAra ke preraka tattva sAmAnyatayA rAga aura dveSa ye do karma bIja mAne gaye haiM, kintu inameM bhI rAga hI pramukha tathya hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Asakti hI karma kA preraka tathya hai(1.3.2)| AcArAMga aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM hI isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki mAnavIya vyavahAra ke mUlabhUta prakAra kitane hai, isa saMbaMdha meM koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai| pAzcAttya manovijJAna meM jahA~ phrAyaDa kAma yA rAga ko hI ekamAtra mUla preraka mAnate haiM, vahIM dUsare vicArakoM ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau taka mAnI hai| phira bhI pAzcAttya manovijJAna meM sAmAnyatayA nimna 14 mUla pravRttiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya) 2. ghRNA 3. jijJAsA 4. AkrAmakatA (krodha) 5. Atmagaurava (mAna) 6. AtmahInatA 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA 8. samUha bhAvanA 6. saMgrahavRtti 10. racanAtmakatA 11. bhojanAnveSaNa 12. kAma 13. zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| AcArAMga sUtra meM bhaya, jijJAsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga-dveSa, AtmIyatA, hAsya Adi kA yatra-tatra bikharA huA ullekha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue kucha karma prerakoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai| yathA jIvana jIne ke liye, prazaMsA aura mAna-sammAna pAne ke lie, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne ke lie tathA zArIrIka evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kI nivRtti hetu prANI hiMsA karatA hai| (1.1.4) damana kA pratyaya aura AcArAMga sAmAnyatayA AcArAMga meM indriya-saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA hai| vaha to zarIra ko sukhA DAlane kI bAta bhI kahatA hai| lekina prazna yaha hai ki kyA pUrNa indriya nirodha saMbhava hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se indriya vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asvAbhAvika tathya hai? AMkha ke samakSa jaba usakA viSaya prastuta hotA hai to vaha usake saundarya darzana se vaMcita nahIM raha sktii| bhojana karate samaya svAda ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki indriya damana ke saMbaMdha meM kyA AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se sahamata hai? AcArAMga isa prazna kA uttara dete hue yahI bAta kahatA hai ki indriya vyApAroM ke nirodha kA artha indriyoM ko apane viSayoM se vimukha karanA nahIM, varan viSaya sevana ke svAdhyAya zikSA - 19

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mUla meM jo nihita rAga-dveSa haiM unheM samApta karanA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM usameM jo manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha zakya nahIM ki kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA bure zabda sune na jAeM, ataH zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jagane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM ki AMkhoM ke sAmane vAlA acchA yA burA rUpa na dekhA jAye, ataH rUpa kA nahIM, apitu rUpa ke prati jAgRta hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki nAsikA ke samakSa AyI huI sugandha sUMghane meM na Ae, ataH gandha kA nahIM, kintu gandha ke prati Ane vAle rAga- dveSa kI vRtti kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jIbha para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa cakhane meM na aaye| ataH rasa kA nahIM, kintu rasa ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahiye| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zarIra se samparka hone vAle acche yA bure sparza kI anubhUti na ho / ataH sparza kA nahIM, kintu sparza ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA cAhie ( AcArAMga 2.15.101-105 ) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gayI hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki indriyoM ke manojJa athavA amanojJa viSaya Asakta vyakti ke lie rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| ye viSaya rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI duHkha (bandhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAgiyoM ke baMdhana yA duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| kAma bhoga na kisI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiM aura na kisI ko mukta hI karate haiM, kintu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA hai, vahIM rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana 32.100-101) jaina darzana ke anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga aupazamika nahIM varan kSAyika hai| aupazamika mArga kA artha vAsanAoM kA damana hai| icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga aupazamika mArga hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika kI dRSTi meM yaha damana kA mArga hai, jabaki kSAyika mArga vAsanAoM ke nirasana kA mArga hai / vaha vAsanAoM se Upara uThAtA hai| yaha damana nahIM, apitu citta vizuddhi hai / damana to mAnasika gandagI ko Dhakane mAtra meM hai aura jaina darzana isa prakAra ke damana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki vAsanAoM ko dabAkara Ane vAlI sAdhanA vikAsa kI agrima kakSAoM se anivAryatA padacyuta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana bhI Adhunika manovaijJAnika ke samAna hI damana ko sAdhanA kA saccA mArga nahIM mAnatA hai / isake anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, apitu unase Upara uTha jAnA hai| vaha svAdhyAya zikSA 20

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indriya nigraha nahIM, apitu aindrika anubhUtiyoM meM bhI mana kI vItarAgatA yA samatva kI avasthA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga sUtra apanI vivecanAoM meM manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para khar3A huA hai / uttama AcAra ke jo niyama - upaniyama banAye gaye haiM, ve bhI usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiM, kintu yahAM una sabakI gaharAiyoM meM jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| yadyapi isa sampUrNa vivecanA kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki AcArAMga meM jo kucha kahA gayA, vaha sabhI manovaijJAnika satyoM para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA, samatA aura anAsakti ke jo Adarza usameM prastuta kiye gae haiM, ve cAhe manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para adhiSThita hoM, kintu unakI jIvana meM pUrNa upalabdhi kI saMbhAvanAoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hI prazna cihna bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ye Adarza ke rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI suhAvane hoM, kintu mAnava jIvana meM inakI vyAvahArika saMbhAvanA kitanI hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| phira bhI mAnavIya durbalatA ke AdhAra para unase vimukha honA ucita nahIM hogaa| kyoMki inake dvArA hI na kevala manuSya kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hogA, apitu loka maMgala kI bhAvanA bhI sAkAra bana skegii| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita tattvajJAna jaisA ki hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki AcArAMga mUlataH darzana kA grantha na hokara AcAra zAstra kA grantha hai, phira bhI aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM darzana ke tattvoM kA pUrNataH abhAva hai / AcArAMga kA prArambha hI eka pAriNAmika nitya AtmA kI avadhAraNA se hotA hai / AcArAMga AtmA aura punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| vaha karma kI avadhAraNA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai tathA yaha mAnatA hai ki karma hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| yadi hama sUkSmatA se dekheM to usameM karma ko paudgalika mAnakara karma zarIra kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko kahA gayA hai ki vaha karma zarIra kA hI vidhUnana kare / isI prakAra AcArAMga meM Asrava, saMvara aura prakArAntara se nirjarA kI vyavasthAe~ bhI upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| AcArAMga muktAtmA ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kI bhI aupaniSadika zailI meM vyAkhyA karatA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMkSepa meM AtmA, punarjanma, karma, bandhana, Anava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mukti ina saba avadhAraNAoM ko cAhe saMkSepa meM hI kyoM na sahI, svIkAra karake calatA hai / phira bhI uparyukta vivecana se itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArAMga, darzana ke saMbaMdha meM kevala unhIM tathyoM ko rakhanA cAhatA hai jo usake svAdhyAya zikSA 21

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AcAra-zAstra kI pUrNa mAnyatA ke lie aparihArya haiN| jainadharma kA jo vikasita tattvajJAna hai usakA usameM abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai, jIva aura pudgala ko chor3akara AkAza, dharma, adharma aura kAla kI usameM koI svatantra vyAkhyA nhiiN| AcArAMga ke AcAra niyama jahAM taka AcArAMga meM pratipAdita AcAra niyamoM kA prazna hai mUlataH ve sabhI niyama ahiMsA ko kendra meM rakhakara banAye gaye haiN| AcArAMga ke AcAra niyamoM kA kendra bindu ahiMsA kA paripAlana hI hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti ko kisa caramasImA taka apanAyA jA sakatA hai isakA Adarza hameM AcArAMga meM dekhane ko mila sakatA hai| AcArAMga ke do zrutaskandhoM meM jahAM prathama zrutaskandha AcAra ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM ko prastuta karatA hai vahAM dvitIya zrutaskandha usake vyavahAra pakSa ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha ko prathama zrutaskandha kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA hI mAnA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM mUlataH ahiMsA, anAsakti tathA kaSAyoM aura vAsanAoM ke vijaya kA sUtra rUpa meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai| jabaki dUsare zrutaskandha meM inase Upara uThakara kaisA jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai, isakA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA zrutaskandha mUlataH muni jIvana meM bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi sAmAnya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisa prakAra kI jAya isakA vistAra se vivecana karatA hai| isa zrutaskandha kA antima bhAga jahAM eka ora mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora vaha indriya vijaya kI manovaijJAnika prakriyA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga kA AcAra pakSa vyAvahArika dRSTi se kaThora kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu usameM sAdhanA ke jisa Adarza svarUpa kA citraNa hai, usake mUlya ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| -sAgara TenTa hAusa, naI sar3aka, zAjApurama.pra.) 22 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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jaina AgamoM meM vijJAna DaoN. nandalAla jaina jainAgamoM kI viSayavastu kA kSetra vyApaka hai| inameM duHkhamukti kI sAdhanA kA pratipAdana to hai hI, kintu Adhunika vijJAna kI kaI zAkhAoM ke bIja bhI AgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| rasAyanazAstra ke vizeSajJa evaM jaina dharma-darzana ke pratiSThita vidvAn DaoN. nandalAla jaina ne apane Alekha meM mUrta evaM amUrta jagat se sambaddha vijJAna kI viSayavastu kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne AgamoM meM upalabdha bhautikI, rasAyanavijJAna, jIvavijJAna, AyurvijJAna, AhAravijJAna, gaNita, jyotirvijJAna, manovijJAna Adi kI ora pAThakoM kA dhyAna dilAne ke sAtha amUrta jagat ke parAvijJAna evaM adhyAtmavijJAna kI bhI carcA kI hai| - sampAdaka zAstroM ke anusAra jinavANI yA AgamavANI meM aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM, jinameM se katipaya isa prakAra haiM 1. yaha aThAraha doSa-rahita sarvajJa yA vItarAga dvArA kathita hotI hai| 2. yaha pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM se abAdhita hotI hai| 3. yukti zAstra kI avirodhI yA avisaMvAdI hotI hai| jainoM kA vizvAsa hai ki jaina Agama svayaM anubhUta evaM atizaya prajJA ke pratIka haiN| ve na to parAmAnavIya zakti se AdiSTa haiM aura na hI parAmAnavIya yA divya dUta dvArA prakaTita haiN| ataH svAnubhUti kI prAmANikatA nirbAdha hai| phira bhI, hamAre AcArya kramika smRti- hAni, prajJAhAni tathA anya kAraNoM se pratyakSa jJAniyoM kI vANI ko aMzataH hI smRti meM rakha ske| bahuterA aMza lupta ho gayA aura alpa aMza hameM upalabdha hai| hamAre Agama saMkalayitA yA nirmAtA AcArya buddhivAdI koTi ke the| IzvaravAda ke virodhI hone ke kAraNa AgamoM meM zraddhA evaM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke liye unhoMne inameM vaijJAnikatA ke tattva samAhita kiye| unhoMne isa hetu kucha AdhAra diye 1. 'kyA, kyoM aura kaise ' kI jijJAsuvRtti / 2. jJAnaprApti kI prakriyA kA avagrahAdi - catuSka karaNa 3. buddhi aura tarkazAstra kA prayoga / AgamoM meM vaijJAnika pravRtti kI udghoSaNAe~ hamAre sAMsArika jIvana ke do mUla rUpa haiM- 1. bhautika aura 2. aadhyaatmik| AgamoM kA lakSya mAnava ko AdhyAtmika pragati ke utkarSa para pahuMcAnA rahA hai| phalataH unameM lagabhaga do tihAI vivaraNa isI koTi ke haiN| phira bhI, cUMki hama

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bhautika jagata meM rahate haiM, ataH prAyaH eka tihAI varNana bhautika jagata se bhI saMbaMdhita hai| isake atirikta AdhyAtmika pragati ke liye vrata, upavAsa, sAdhanAe~ evaM dhyAna jaisI bhautika pravRttiyAM bhI karanI par3atI haiN| hamAre bhautika jIvana meM bhI aneka aise kSetra haiM jo hamAre jJAna-vijJAna ko prabhAvita karate haiN| ina zAstrIya varNanoM ke jJAna ke liye hamAre AcAryoM ne aneka saMketa diye haiN| unhoMne apane zAstroM meM manuSya ko vaijJAnika banakara dharmaruci jAgRta karane kI zikSA dI hai| vastutaH manuSya apanA prAsaMgika jIvana bAhya jagata ke nirIkSaNoM se prAraMbha karatA hai| phalataH vaha vaijJAnika pahale hai aura antarjagat ke nirIkSaka yA anubhava ke rUpa meM dhArmika bAda meM hai| AcArAMga meM vaijJAnikatA prakaTa huI hai, usameM kahA hai1. maiM dRSTa, zruta, manana evaM anubhava siddha dharma kA upadeza de rahA huuN| 2. jijJAsA jJAna kI jananI hai| 3. tattva kA adhyayana kuzAgra buddhi se karanA caahie| 4. anubhavakartA ke liye upadeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana to spaSTa kahatA hai ki dharma kI parIkSA buddhi, prajJA evaM vijJAna yA anAsakti se karanA caahiye| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI kahA hai ki ve apane anubhava ke AdhAra para hI bAteM kaha rahe haiN| yadi unameM koI pUrvApara-virodha ho, to use dUra kara lenA caahie| samantabhadra ne bhI pratyakSa aura anumAna ke avirodhI evaM khaMDana rahita zAstroM kI mAnyatA kI bAta kahI hai| zAstroM meM prApta jJAna yathArtha(na kama na adhika), asaMdigdha evaM a-viparIta yA samyak hotA hai| samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi ko to parIkSA pradhAna hI mAnA gayA hai| inake samaya se hI parIkSA graMtha prAraMbha hue haiN| tarkavAda ke yuga meM bhautika ghaTanAoM ke nirIkSaNoM kI parIkSA tarka se kI jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aneka nyAya- granthoM meM dRzya jagat se saMbaMdhita kitane hI prakaraNa mana evaM cakSu kI aprApyakAritA, jJAna-prApti ke upAya, pudgala aura jIva-jagat Adi Aye haiN| AcArya hemacandra bhI zAstra kA eka lakSaNa parIkSaNa aura usakI yogyatA hI mAnate haiN| siddhasena ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki mUrta tattvoM kA jJAna tarka se aura amUrta tattvoM kA jJAna 'Agama' se karanA caahie| AgamoM meM vijJAna : mUrta jagata sAmAnyataH 'vijJAna' zabda ko bhautika jagat-dRzya jagat kI ghaTanAoM se saMbaMdhita jJAna mAnA jAtA hai| para vastutaH use do rUpoM meM mAnanA caahie| mUrta kA jJAna aura amUrta jagat kA jnyaan| use Ajakala 'vijJAna' evaM 'adhi-vijJAna' bhI ___24 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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kahA jAtA hai| hamAre vartamAna 'Agama' donoM prakAra ke jJAnoM ke Adi srota haiN| sarvaprathama hama bhautika jagat se saMbaMdhita vijJAnoM ko leN| isa koTi meM Ajakala bhautikI (paramANuvAda, UrjAvAda Adi) rasAyana (padArtha vijJAna), jIva vijJAna (sthAvara evaM trasa jagata) AyurvijJAna, AhAra vijJAna, gaNita aura jyotirvijJAna, sivila evaM sainya iMjIniyarI manovijJAna Adi viSaya Ate haiN| yadi hama AgamoM kA isa dRSTi se adhyayana kareM, to hameM lagatA hai ki AcArAMga se lekara anuyogadvAra aura naMdisUtra taka prAyaH sabhI graMthoM meM unameM se ekAneka viSayaka tatkAlIna jJAna bharA huA hai| udAharaNArtha AcArAMga meM AhAra vijJAna, jIva-vijJAna, roga-vijJAna Adi kA acchA vivaraNa hai| yahIM se ekendriyoM kI sajIvatA aura usake pIr3ana kI prakriyA meM doSa batAye gaye haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM vividha jIvoM kI utpatti, zarIra Adi kA vivaraNa hai| 'ThANaM aura 'samavAo' to vividha viSayaka jJAna ke koSa haiN| unameM paramANuvAda, dhvani, prakAza, USmA Adi UrjAyeM, jIva-vijJAna ke vividha pakSa, sIkhane yogya jJAna-vijJAna kI zAkhAe~, gaNitIya saMkhyAe~, jyotirmaNDala ke vivaraNa tathA manovijJAna se saMbaMdhita kaSAyoM ke vivaraNa, manuSyoM evaM pazuoM ke vividha rUpoM kI manovaijJAnika prarUpaNAe~, madhyaloka evaM Urdhvaloka ke bhavanoM evaM vimAnoM Adi kA mApa-pUrNa vivaraNa, AyurvijJAna ke vividha aMga (garbhadhAraNa tathA garbhapAta bhI), AhAra vijJAna Adi se saMbaMdhita aneka carcAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| bhagavatI to eka vizvakoza jaisA lagatA hai| usameM bhI uparyukta viSaya sthAna-sthAna para varNita haiN| isameM aneka sthAnoM para anuyoga dvArA vividha viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bahu-paramANuka baMdhoM ke bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA dI gaI hai| vanaspati vijJAna se saMbaMdhita aneka sAmAnya va viziSTa jAnakAriyAM dI gaI haiN| anya sthAvaroM tathA trasa-jIvoM ke viSaya meM bhI vyApaka sUcanAe~ haiN| vastutaH ina AgamoM kI viSayavastu ko viSayavAra saMkalita kara prastuta karanA caahiye| inheM AryarakSita ke anuyoga-vargIkaraNa se bhI vyApakataH vargIkRta kara prastuta karanA caahiye| jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, vipAkasUtra, aMtagaDadasA Adi kathA-pramukha AgamoM meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para dRzya jagat saMbaMdhI aneka vivaraNa haiN| inameM svapnazAstra bhI AyA hai| aneka prakAra kI aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI hai| praznavyAkaraNa meM . vividha koTi ke sthAvara evaM trasa jIvoM ke vibhinna kAryoM meM upayoga saMbaMdhI sUcanAe~ haiM, jinase tatkAlIna samAja zAstrIya jJAna prApta hotA hai| ThANaM ke samAna saMgIta, vAdyoM evaM tatsaMbaMdhita nATyakalA ke vividha rUpoM kA varNana hai jo Adhunika dRSTi se svAdhyAya zikSA - 25

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bhI vivecanIya hai| aneka videzI zodhakoM ne jainoM kI vartamAna sAmAjika va dhArmika vyavasthAoM para zodha kI hai, para bhUtakAlIna zodha bhI Avazyaka hai| ___ aMgabAhya graMthoM meM aupapAtika evaM rAjapraznIya meM kalAoM, svapnazAstra tathA adhyAtma zAstra kA acchA vivaraNa hai| prajJApanA aura jIvAbhigama bhI bhagavatI ke samAna hI vividha viSayoM kA jJAna dete haiN| ye bhagavatI kI tulanA meM kiMcit adhika vyavasthita haiM aura zIrSakoM ke AdhAra para varNana karate haiN| prajJApanA meM ajIva kA varNana bhI paryApta vistRta hai, jIva se saMbaMdhita vividha viSaya isameM vistAra se samAhita haiN| isameM vanaspati jagat ke pratyeka aura sAdhAraNa bhedoM kA acchA vargIkaraNa hai| ina jIvoM ke karma evaM lezyA saMbaMdhI vivaraNa Aja manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| jIvAbhigama meM 23 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se naraka, svarga evaM madhyaloka ke sabhI prakAra ke strI, puruSoM evaM saMmUrchanoM kA vivaraNa hai| yaha bahuta hI vistRta hai| sUrya-candra-prajJapti-dvika meM jyortimaNDala kA vistRta varNana hai| isake vivaraNoM para lizka ne kucha kAma kiyA hai| ina para abhI aura kAma karane kI AvazyakatA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti to eka prakAra kA bhUgola hai| isa saMbaMdha meM anya AgamagranthoM meM bhI sphuTa vivaraNa milatA hai| jainoM kA yaha bhUgola tatkAlIna anya matoM kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra hI hai, lekina jainAcAra yA sapta-dvIpI bhUgola kI tulanA meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudrI bhUgola mAnatA hai| trilokaprajJapti Adi graMtha bhI jaina bhUgola kA varNana karate haiN| Adhunika vicArakoM meM isa viSaya para paryApta UhApoha hai| dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana kI gaNanA mUlasUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| yadyapi ye mukhyataH municaryA se saMbaMdhita haiM, para inake 'SaDjIvanikA aura jIvAjIvavibhakti' ke adhyAya jIva-vijJAna kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahI nahIM, aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ye graMtha mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke uparAMta kucha hI samaya meM astitva meM aaye| inake vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para anya graMthoM meM varNita vivaraNoM ke vikAsa kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| unameM AhAra-vijJAna, maraNa-vijJAna, lezyA aura varNa kA vijJAna tathA sAdhucaryA ke vividharUpoM kA varNana hai| anuyogadvAra aura naMdIsUtra uttaravartI graMtha haiM, para inakI mAnyatA vidvajjagata meM acchI hai| naMdIsUtra meM jJAna kA vistRta varNana hai, jabaki anuyogadvAra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke aMtargata paramANuvAda, gaNanA-saMkhyA Adi kA prAthamika vivaraNa hai| isameM paramANu kI avibhAgitA ko surakSita rakhane ke liye usake do bheda sUkSma aura vyAvahArika kiye haiM jise uttaravartI AcAryoM ne bhI mAnA hai| yaha paramANuvAda kA 26 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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vikAsa pradarzita karatA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM ke samAna digambara Agamakalpa graMthoM meM bhI uparyukta viSayoM se saMbaMdhita anekAneka vaijJAnika vivaraNa pAye jAte haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama graMtha meM gaNita evaM jIva vijJAna kA acchA manovaijJAnika nirUpaNa hai, jabaki kaSAyaprAbhRta meM mAnava kI kaSAyoM ke rUpa meM mAnasika pravRttiyoM kA acchA digdarzana hai| mUlAcAra to digaMbaroM kA AcArAMga hai jisameM jIva vijJAna, AhAra vijJAna, maraNa vijJAna Adi aneka viSaya Aye haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM manuSya ke janma evaM zarIra racanA ke viSaya meM taMdulaveyAliya ke samAna vivaraNa hai| yaha vartamAna jJAna ke AdhAra para tulanAtmakataH adhyeya hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para yaha dekhA gayA hai ki aneka vaijJAnika vivaraNoM meM jainoM kI donoM mAnyatAoM meM kiMcit bhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| yaha asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai| AgamoM meM vijJAna : amUrta jagat amUrta jagat ke vijJAna ko adhyAtma jJAna, parAvijJAna yA adhi vijJAna kahate haiN| yaha kSetra abhI bhautika vijJAniyoM ke dvArA AkrAMta nahIM ho pAyA hai, yaha dRzya jagata se pare hai tathApi vaijJAnika aba yaha kahane se nahIM cUkate ki cetanA sUkSma anubhava ho sakatI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki 'amUrta' kA artha pUrNataH mUrtatA kA abhAva nahIM, spaSTa mUrtatA ke abhAva ke rUpa meM lenA caahie| hamAre Agama isa amUrta jagata ke sraSTA evaM carama vikAsaka haiN| cetanA kI amUrta zuddha dazA ko AtmA kahA gayA hai| isake sAmAnya mUrtarUpa ko 'jIva' kahA gayA hai| 'Agama zabdakoSa' ke AdhAra para AgamoM meM 'jIva' aura 'AtmA' zabdoM ke prayoga kA anupAta 3 : 2 hai| AtmavAda prastuta hone para anIzvaravAdI aura vyavahAravAdI darzana cArvAka ko samagrataH tiraskRta kiyA gayA aura mUrta jIva ko amUrta AtmA ke anaMta catuSTayI rUpa meM parivartita karane kI prakriyA vikasita kI gii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'AtmA' zabda bhautika jagata ke adhyAtmIkaraNa ke yuga se pracalita huA evaM sAmAnya jIva bhI taba AtmA bana gyaa| bhagavatI ne isake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvAtmaka rUpa diye| vahA~ isake 23 nAma bhI haiM jo isake bhautika rUpoM ko vyakta karate haiN| adhyAtmatA ke kAraNa 'dhammo hi hitayaM payANaM' ke badale 'AdahidaM kAdavvaM' meM pariNata ho gyaa| astu, jIva ko AtmA meM pariNata karane kA eka viziSTa vijJAna hai jise prAyaH sabhI AgamoM meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| - jainoM ke chaha dravya, sAta tattva aura nava padArthoM meM jIva sarvaprathama hai| svAdhyAya zikSA - 27.

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bhautikarUpa se yaha jIva vijJAna kA viSaya hai, para AdhyAtmika rUpa se yaha parAvijJAna kA viSaya hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sAmAnya jIva, apanI aneka prakAra kI UrjAoM yA zaktiyoM ko aneka dizAoM meM prayukta karatA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usameM Atma-zakti / UrjA hai| adhyAtma vijJAna kahatA hai ki AtmA meM anaMta zakti hai, kevala usakA vikAsa karanA hai / isake liye use aneka dizAoM se apane upayoga ko haTAkara eka sAtha eka hI dizA meM lagAnA hogaa| isa ekadizIkaraNa se usakI UrjA kama vyayita hogI aura aMtaraMga UrjA meM vRddhi hogii| yahI nahIM, yadi nivRtti mArga apanAyA jAya aura AhAra - nihAra Adi kA saMyama kiyA jAya to yaha aMtaraMga UrjA aura bhI bar3ha sakatI hai| adhyAtma-vijJAna kA mukhya lakSya aMtaraMga UrjA kI vRddhi kA caramotkarSa karanA hai| isa adhyAtma patha para nivRttimArgI yA palAyanavAdI hone kA Aropa pazcimI vicAraka lagAte rahe haiN| yaha unake tatkAlIna ajJAna ke kAraNa thaa| aba sthiti kAphI badala gaI hai| aba 'ahAdo nivittI' 'suhe pavittI' ke sakArAtmaka pakSa ko prazasta kiyA jAtA hai| yahI nahIM mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna ne zrAvakoM kI gyAraha pratimAoM ko bhI vyaktivAda se samAjavAda kI ora bar3hane ke AdhyAtmika prakrama ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| zubha pravRttiyoM kA vijJAna hI adhyAtma vijJAna hai| prAyaH sabhI Agama ise mukti kA yA sAdhu kA mArga kahate haiN| isa mArga meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI triveNI meM snAna karanA par3atA hai| inameM bhI cAritra kI bAta mukhya hai, kyoMki yaha jIva kI mana-vacana-kAyAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA cakra hai jise ekadizIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| AgamoM meM etadartha kaI upAya batAye haiM-japa, tapa, upavAsAdi vrata, dhyAna-yoga aadi| inakA saMkSipta aura vistRta varNana aneka AgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki hamArI aneka pravRttiyA~ mana yA saMkalpa prerita hotI haiN| ataH mana kA niyantraNa evaM ekadizIkaraNa karanA lAbhakArI hotI hai| mana ke viSaya meM zAstroM meM acchA vivaraNa hai aura vastutaH adhyAtma-vijJAna mano- niyantraNa, bhAva- niyantraNa yA bhAva -zuddhi kA vijJAna hI hai| yaha manovijJAna kA viSaya bhI bana gayA hai| mano- niyantraNa ke liye sAdhucaryA meM AhAra - niyantraNa pramukha hai| nirdoSa AhAra kI bAta prAyaH sabhI AgamoM meM batAI gaI haiN| acitta bhakSaNa prAyaH sarvatra pratipAdita hai| dinacaryA kI vividhatA ko ekadizIkRta kiyA gayA hai| phalataH AgamoM svAdhyAya zikSA 28

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meM piMDa eSaNA tathA grahaNa eSaNA kA varNana hai| nirdoSa AhAra manazuddhi kA preraka hai, sattva guNa kA varddhaka hai| digaMbara AgamoM meM dina meM ekakAla AhAra evaM prAsuka jala kA vidhAna hai| nirdoSa AhAra se sattvaguNa meM vRddhi hotI hai| pAcana-guNAMka samRddha hotA hai| isase AcAra zuddhi bhI hotI hai| AcAra zuddhi ke aMtargata ATha pravacana-mAtAoM kI AgamoM meM carcA hai| dainika yA anya koTi ke pratikramaNa pATha kA upadeza hai| aneka vrata-upavAsoM, bhikSu pratimAoM kA vidhAna hai| sAmAcArI-dinacaryA kA bhI ullekha hai| pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, parISaha-jaya Adi kA varNana hai, jisase yatnapUrvaka calanA, baiThanA, svAdhyAya karanA Adi pravRttiyoM meM sthiratA AtI hai| unase ahiMsaka jIvana bhI abhivardhita hotA hai| sAmAnyataH AcAra-zuddhi zarIra kriyAoM meM zuddhi kI pratIka mAnI jAtI hai| bAharI AcAra ke pAlana se aMtaraMga kriyAoM kI vRtti meM parivartana hotA hai, jisase zArIrika UrjA bhI bar3hatI hai| AhAra-zuddhi ke aMtargata bhAva-zuddhi aura mana-zuddhi bhI AtI hai| manaH zuddhi kA Aja sAmAnya jana ke liye bhI mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| manaH zuddhi yA bhAva zuddhi ke liye AgamoM meM maMtra-japa, prArthanA, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna yoga ke vistRta vivaraNa hai| ye sabhI prakriyAe~ (aMtaHsrAvoM ko parivartita kara) mAnasika udvegoM ko zAMta karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| prArthanA, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya Adi se mana ekAgra hotA hai| dhyAna yoga kA vijJAna aneka prAcIna evaM navIna graMthoM meM hai| vibhinna prakAra ke dhyAna meM hone vAle bhAvazuddhi gata prabhAvoM kA aneka AgamoM meM varNana hai| AcArAMga me bhI bha. mahAvIra ke Asana evaM dhyAna mudrAoM kA varNana hai| AgamoM meM dhyAna aura unake prabhAvoM kI anekatra carcA hai, para usakI kriyAvidhi tathA mAtrA kI vaijJAnikatA siddha huI hai| hArvarDa aura oNksaphorDa ke vaijJAnikoM ne tathA phira peDalara ke prayogoM ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki dhyAna evaM upavAsoM se AMtarika UrjA meM paryApta vRddhi hotI hai aura mastiSka kI caMcala taraMgoM kI pravRtti meM sthiratA AtI hai| yaha UrjA zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM meM vyApta hotI hai| sAdhuoM kI UrjA unheM praNAma karate samaya, caraNa sparza karate samaya, bhAvanAoM, maMtroM evaM vicAroM se bhaktoM ko milatI hai aura ve zubhatara patha kI ora agrasara hote haiN| upavAsoM kA bhI eka vijJAna hai aura unase zarIra kriyAtmaka taMtra ko kitanA lAbha hotA hai yaha beMzana ke prayogoM se patA calatA hai| __AgamoM meM adhyAtma kI ora abhimukha hone kI jo prakriyAe~ batAI gaI haiM, unheM bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha taka vijJAna ke kSetra se bAhara hI mAnA jAtA thaa| para ye svAdhyAya zikSA 29

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svAsthya vijJAna, dIrghajIvitA vijJAna evaM anya vijJAnoM kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahI haiN| isa prakAra hamAre Agama graMtha vartamAna jJAna-vijJAna ke bIja bhUta graMtha haiN| ye bIja panapate-panapate aba mahAvRkSa se ho gaye haiN| isase Agama-bIja kI pracchanna jIvanta zakti kA anumAna lagatA hai| -12/644, bajaraMga nagara, rIvA (ma.pra.)486009 30 -- svAdhyAya zikSA

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa zrI dulIcanda jaina 'sAhityaratna' jainAgamoM meM zikSA ke saMbaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| Agama- paramparA guru-ziSya paramparA se hI Age bar3hatI rahI hai, ataH ziSya meM zikSArjana / jJAnArjana ke lie kaisI pAtratA Avazyaka hai - isakA vidhAna AgamoM meM kaI sthAnoM para huA hai| karmaTha samAjasevI evaM zikSAvid zrI dulIcanda jaina ne apane Alekha meM jIvana mUlyAtmaka zikSA ko bhAratIya zikSA praNAlI meM sthAna dene kI preraNA kI hai| -sampAdaka vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA bhAratavarSa kI vartamAna zikSA - praNAlI parataMtratA kAla se hI aMgrejoM dvArA pracArita zikSA siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai| svataMtratA prApti ke cauvana varSoM ke bAda bhI usameM koI maulika parivartana nahIM huaa| eka vicAraka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA praNAlI na to "bhAratIya" hai aura na hI vAstavika "zikSA" hai / svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA hai ki zikSA mAtra una vividha jAnakAriyoM kA Dhera nahIM hai, jo hamAre mastiSka meM ThUMsa-ThUMsa kara bhara dI jAtI haiM aura jo AtmasAt hue binA vahA~ jIvana bhara rahakara gar3abar3a macAyA karatI haiN| hameM una vicAroM kI anubhUti kara lene kI AvazyakatA hai, jo 'jIvana-nirmANa', 'manuSya-nirmANa' tathA ' cAritra - nirmANa' meM sahAyaka hoN|' sahasroM varSoM se isa deza meM tIrthaMkaroM, RSiyoM evaM AcAryoM ne mUlya-AdhArita zikSA praNAlI kA pracAra kiyaa| DaoN. altekara ne prAcIna bhAratIya zikSA ke saMdarbha meM likhA hai - " prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA antarjyoti aura zakti kA srota mAnI jAtI thI jo zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ke saMtulita vikAsa se hamAre svabhAva meM parivartana karatI aura use zreSTha banAtI hai tAki hama eka vinIta aura upayogI nAgarika ke rUpa meM raha skeN| " " svataMtratA prApti ke bAda zikSA paddhati meM parivartana karane hetu aneka AyogoM kA gaThana huA aura unhoMne bhI caritra - nirmANakArI jIvana mUlyoM ko zikSA meM antarbhUta karane para jora diyaa| san 1664 se san 1666 taka DaoN . daulatasiMha koThArI, jo eka pratiSThita vaijJAnika the, kI adhyakSatA meM koThArI Ayoga kA gaThana huA / isane apane prativedana meM kahA- "kendrIya evaM prAMtIya sarakAroM ko naitika, sAmAjika tathA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM para AdhArita zikSA kA prabaMdha apanI adhInastha saMsthAoM meM karanA caahie| " san 1975 meM rASTrIya zaikSika anusaMdhAna aura prazikSaNa pariSad (NCERT) ne apane prativedana meM kahA- "vidyAlaya pAThyakrama kI racanA isa DhaMga se kI jAe ki cAritra-nirmANa zikSA kA eka pramukha uddezya bane / "

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vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA praNAlI kA sabase bar3A doSa hai ki isameM bhArata ke zAzvata rASTrIya jIvana-mUlyoM para AdhArita zikSA - darzana para samyak vicAra tathA unakA anupAlana nahIM huaa| aMgrejoM dvArA sthApita zikSA-vyavasthA Aja bhI usI prakAra se pracalita hai| usake pariNAma svarUpa Aja kA vidyArthI dizA - vihIna tathA binA patavAra kI naukA ke samAna bhaTakatA dikhAI de rahA hai| zikSA kSetra meM cAroM ora arAjakatA phaila gaI hai| anuzAsanahInatA vyApaka rUpa meM phaila gaI hai aura usakA ghAtaka prabhAva hamAre sampUrNa rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika kSetroM meM bhI phailA hai| mahAn ciMtaka DaoN. nemIcanda jaina ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki " Aja deza ke pAsa saba kucha hai, sirpha eka niSkalaMka, niSkAma aura dezabhakta caritra nahIM hai| "" aura isa bhayAvaha paristhiti kA sabase bar3A kAraNa hai - hamArI dizA vihIna doSapUrNa zikSA nIti / ataeva AvazyakatA hai ki bhAratIya jIvana mUlyoM ko hamArI zikSA praNAlI meM aMtarbhUta kiyA jaay| bhAratIya adhyAtma evaM pazcimI vijJAna kA samanvaya hamAre zikSA kSetra meM krAnti lAyegA tathA usakA anukUla prabhAva hamAre sAre rASTrIya jIvana para pdd'egaa| hamAre saMvidhAna meM "dharma nirapekSatA" ko hamArI nIti kA eka aMga mAnA gayA hai| "dharma nirapekSatA" zabda hI bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra hama 'dharma' se nirapekSa nahIM raha sakate / dharma nirapekSatA kA artha mAtra itanA hI ho ki rAjya kisI vizeSa dharma kA pracAra nahIM kare, taba taka to ThIka hai, lekina isakA artha dharma se vimukha ho jAnA kadApi nahIM hai| hamAre deza meM prAcIna kAla se hI tIna dharmoM kI dhArAe~ mukhya rUpa se bahatI rahI haiM- vaidika dharma, jaina dharma aura bauddha dhrm| bAda meM sikkha dharma bhI prAraMbha huaa| ina cAroM dhArAoM ne kucha aise naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlya sthApita kie, jinheM sanAtana jIvana-mUlya kaha sakate haiM aura ve pratyeka mAnava para lAgU hote haiN| unakA hamArI zikSA praNAlI meM viniyojana honA atyAvazyaka hai| jainAgamoM meM zikSA jainAgamoM meM zikSA evaM jJAna ke bAre meM vistRta carcAe~ milatI haiN| vahA~ para AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika donoM prakAra kI zikSAoM kA vivecana evaM dizA-nirdeza milatA hai| hameM adhyAtma - vidyA evaM AjIvikA kI vidyA donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| Agama meM zikSA athavA jJAna-prApti ke tIna uddezya batAe gae "jeNa taccaM vibujjhejja, jeNa cittaM Nirujjhadi / jeNa attA visujjhejja, taM NANaM jiNasAsaNe / / " arthAt jinazAsana meM usI ko jJAna kahA gayA hai jisase tattvoM kA bodha ,4 svAdhyAya zikSA 32

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hotA hai, jisase citta kA nirodha hotA hai, tathA jisase AtmA vizuddha hotI hai| yaha AdhyAtmika zikSA kA svarUpa hai / dazavaikAlika sUtra meM zikSA ke cAra uddezya batAe gae 1. mujhe zrutajJAna ( Agama kA jJAna ) prApta hogaa| ataH mujhe adhyayana karanA caahie| 2. maiM ekAgracitta hoU~gA / ataH adhyayana karanA caahie| 3. maiM apane Apako dharma meM sthira banAU~gA, isalie mujhe adhyayana karanA caahie| maiM svayaM dharma meM sthita hokara dUsaroM ko dharma meM sthira banAU~gA, isalie adhyayana karanA caahie| 4. 5 isa prakAra zikSA kA uddezya mAtra akSara - jJAna nahIM mAnA gyaa| zikSA dvArA citta kI ekAgratA evaM buddhi kI sthiratA prApta honI cAhie tathA zikSArthI dharma ke jIvana mUlyoM ko apanAne ke yogya bane / ekAgratA ke binA vyakti kisI bhI kSetra meM saphala nahIM ho sktaa| eka vyakti zikSita ho para mAnasika ekAgratA se zUnya ho, use zikSA kI viDaMbanA hI kahanA caahie| isI bAta ko svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA"hameM aisI zikSA cAhie, jisase caritra kA nirmANa ho, mAnasika bala bar3he, buddhi kA vikAsa ho aura jisase manuSya apane pairoM para khar3A ho ske|" yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kA udghoSa hai, jo sanAtana kAla se calA A rahA hai| upaniSad meM kahA hai"sA vidyA yA vimuktaye" arthAt vidyA vahI hai jo hameM vimukta karatI hai / vidyA kisa cIja se vimukta karatI hai ? to kahA gayA ki hamameM jo duHkha kI sthiti hai, AkulatA aura vyAkulatA hai, tanAva kI sthiti hai, ye cAhe zArIrika stara para hoM yA mAnasika stara para, unase mukti kA sAdhana vidyA hI hai| prAcIna kAla meM vidyA ke do bheda kahe gae - vidyA aura avidyA / avidyA kA artha ajJAna nahIM hai, avidyA kA artha hai- bhautika jJAna aura vidyA kA artha haiAdhyAtmika jnyaan| jisa prakAra se eka skUTara do pahiyoM ke binA nahIM cala sakatA hai, vaise hI bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM jJAnoM kA sAmaMjasya nahIM ho to jIvana kI gAr3I nahIM cltii| zikSA ke ye saMskAra hamAre rASTra kI saMpadA haiM, anamola dharohara haiN| hamAre deza meM bhautika jJAna kI avahelanA nahIM kI gaI, kintu usake sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna ko apanAne para adhika jora diyA gyaa| jaina AcAryoM ne zikSA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue adhyAtma - vidyA ko mahAvidyA kI saMjJA pradAna kii| RSibhASita sUtra meM AyA hai "imA vijjA mahAvijjA, savvavijjANa svAdhyAya zikSA uttamA / 33

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jaM vijja sAhaittANa, savvadukkhANa mucctii|| jeNa bandhaM ca mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gtiraagti| AyAbhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjA dkkhmoynnii||" arthAt vahI vidyA mahAvidyA hai aura sabhI vidyAoM meM uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA karane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti prApta hotI hai| jisa vidyA se baMdha aura mokSa kA, jIvoM kI gati aura Agati kA jJAna hotA hai tathA jisase AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, vahI vidyA sampUrNa duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai| jJAna aura cAritra jaina AgamoM meM AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM zramaNa/zramaNiyoM ko vidyA pradAna karane kA adhikAra diyA gyaa| AcArya zruta-jJAna ke prakAzaka hote haiN| kahA hai "jaha dIvA dIvasamaM, paippae so ya dippae diivo| dIvasamA AyariyA, dippaMti paraM ca diiveti||" arthAt jaise eka dIpaka se saikar3oM dIpaka jala uThate haiM aura vaha svayaM bhI jalatA rahatA hai, vaise hI AcArya hote haiM, ve svayaM prakAzamAna rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karate rahate haiN| bodhapAhuDa meM kahA gayA hai ki AcArya ve haiM, jo karma ko kSaya karane vAlI zuddha dIkSA aura zuddha zikSA dete haiN| ... jaina dharma meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bhI zrutajJAna prApta karane ko kahA gyaa| zrutajJAna do prakAra se prApta hotA hai- AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM yA zramaNoM dvArA athavA svayaM kI preraNA dvaaraa| lekina usa jJAna kA koI mahattva nahIM, jo AcAra meM pariNata nahIM ho| AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH||" samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM kI sammilita ArAdhanA dvArA mokSa kA mArga upalabdha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA "nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na haMti crnngunnaa| aguNissa natthi mokkho, natyi amokkhassa nivvaannN||"" arthAt samyagdarzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotaa| jJAna ke binA cAritraguNa niSpanna nahIM hotaa| cAritraguNa ke binA mokSa (karmakSaya) nahIM hotA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa yA paramazAMti kA lAbha nahIM hotaa| isI bAta ko eka udAharaNa dvArA isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai "hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayA aNNANao kiyaa| pAsaMto paMgulo daDDho, dhAvamANo ya aNdho||'' _34 34 * svAdhyAya zikSA

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arthAt kriyAvihIna kA jJAna aura ajJAnI kI kriyA vyartha hai| jaise eka paMgu vana meM lagI huI Aga ko dekhate hue bhI bhAgane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai aura aMdhA daur3ate hue bhI dekhane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai vaisI hI sthiti jJAnavihIna evaM kriyAvihIna kI hotI hai| Age bhI kahA gayA ki "saMjoasiddhIi phalaM vayati"" arthAt jJAna aura kriyA ke saMyoga se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne cAritrazuddhi yA AcArazuddhi para bahuta adhika jora diyaa| zikSA dvArA manuSya ke udAtta bhAvoM kI jAgRti honI caahie| usameM prema, karuNA, anukampA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, kSamA Adi mUlyoM kA jAgaraNa ho, vaha mAtra jAnakAriyoM taka sImita nahIM rhe| AcArAMga niyukti meM kahA gayA "aMgANaM ki sAro? aayaaro||" arthAt aMga-sAhitya kA sAra kyA hai? usakA sAra AcAra hai| zIlapAhuDa meM kahA gayA __"sIleNa viNA visayA, NANaM vinnaasNti||15 arthAt zIla ke binA indriyoM ke viSaya jJAna ko naSTa kara dete haiN| isI graMtha meM kahA gayA "sIlaguNavajjidANaM, NiratthayaM mANusaM jmm||" arthAt zIla guNa se rahita vyaktiyoM kA manuSya janma pAnA nirarthaka hI hai| manuSya cAhe kitanA bhI jJAna prApta kara le, binA cAritra ke jJAna kA koI mUlya nhiiN| Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA "subahusi suyapahIyaM, kiM kAhI crnnvipphiinnss| aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassakoDI vi||"" ___ arthAt zAstroM kA atyadhika adhyayana bhI caritrahIna ke lie kisa kAma .. kA? kyA karor3oM dIpaka jalA dene para bhI aMdhe ko koI prakAza mila sakatA hai? isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne usa zikSA ko grahaNa karane kA pratipAdana kiyA jo cAritra ko unnata karane vAlI ho| zikSAzIla kauna? ___ Agama zAstroM meM zikSArthI ke guNoM-avaguNoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| zikSA- prApti kI yogyatA kisa meM hai? isakA varNana uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM milatA hai "vase gurukule nicca jogavaM uvhaannv| piyaMkare piyavAI se sikkhaM ldbhumrihii||" svAdhyAya zikSA se - - 35

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arthAt jo sadA gurukula meM vAsa karatA hai, yogavAna aura tapasvI hotA hai, mRdula hotA hai tathA madhura bolatA hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| isI graMtha meM batAyA gayA ki ATha kAraNoM yA sthitiyoM se vyakti zikSAzIla kahA jAtA hai - 1. haMsI-majAka nahIM karanA 2. indriya aura mana para sadA niyaMtraNa rakhanA 3. kisI kA marma (rahasya) prakaTa nahIM karanA 4. zIla rahita ( AcAra - vihIna) nahIM honA 5. vizIla - doSoM se kaluSita nahIM honA 6. ati rasa - lolupa nahIM honA 7. krodha nahIM karanA 8. satya meM rata rhnaa| 19 jaina AgamoM meM zikSArthI ke lie vinaya, anuzAsana evaM prAmANika jIvana para bala diyA gyaa| inhIM guNoM se vyakti kA jIvana zreSTha banatA hai / upadezamAlA meM kahA gayA 20 "viNao sAsaNe mUlaM viNIo saMjao bhave / viNayAo vippamukkassa, kao dhammo kao tavo?" arthAt vinaya jinazAsana kA mUla hai| saMyama aura tapa se vinIta bananA caahie| jo vinaya se rahita hai, usakA kaisA dharma aura kaisA tapa? dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA abhigacchai / / ' "vivattI aviNIyassa, saMpattI, jasseyaM duhao nAyaM, sikkhaM se arthAt avinIta ko vipatti aura suvinIta ko sampatti- ye do bAteM jisane jAna lI hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| isI sUtra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA" evaM dhammassa viNao, mUlaM paramo se mokkho / jeNa kittiM suyaM sigdhaM, nissesaM cAbhigacchai / / 22 arthAt isI taraha dharma kA mUla vinaya hai aura mokSa usakA antima lakSya hai| vinaya ke dvArA hI manuSya bar3I jaldI zAstra jJAna evaM kIrti kA saMpAdana karatA hai / aMta meM niHzreyas (mokSa) bhI isI ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra Agama meM vivekasammata AcAra para jora diyA gyaa| zikSArthI pratyeka kArya vivekapUrvaka kre| kahA hai 36 viNIyassa 23 "caradi jadaM jadi NiccaM, kamalaM va jale Niruvalevo / arthAt yadi sAdhaka (zikSArthI) pratyeka kArya yatanA (viveka) se karatA hai, to vaha jala meM kamala kI bhAMti jagat meM nirlepa rahatA hai / Agama meM vANI ke viveka para bhI jora diyA gyaa| kahA hai va / ,21 "hia - mia- apharusavAI, aNuvIibhAsi vAio viNao / / ' ,24 svAdhyAya zikSA

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arthAta hita-mita, mRdu aura vicArapUrvaka bolanA vANI kA vinaya hai| isI prakAra kahA gayA hai "puTviM buddhIe pAsettA, tatto vkkmudaahre| acakkhuo va neyAraM, buddhimanesae giraa||" arthAt pahale buddhi se parakha kara phira bolanA caahie| aMdhA vyakti jisa prakAra patha-pradarzana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, usI prakAra vANI buddhi kI apekSA rakhatI zikSA ke sAdhaka tattva nIce dI huI pandraha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA sevana karane vAlA vyakti zikSA ke yogya kahA gayA hai01. jo namra hotA hai| 02. jo capala nahIM hotaa| 03. jo mAyAvI nahIM hotaa| 04. jo kutUhala nahIM krtaa| 05. jo kisI para AkSepa nahIM krtaa| 06. jo krodha ko TikAkara nahIM rkhtaa| 07. jo maitrI karane vAle ke sAtha maitrI kA vyavahAra karatA hai| 08. jo jJAna kA mada nahIM krtaa| 06. skhalanA hone para kisI kA tiraskAra nahIM krtaa| 10. mitroM para krodha nahIM krtaa| 11. apriyatA rakhane vAle mitra kI bhI ekAMta meM prazaMsA karatA hai| 12. kalaha aura hAthApAI kA varjana karatA hai| 13. kulIna hotA hai| 14. lajjAvAna hotA hai| 15. pratisaMlIna-indriya aura mana kA saMgopana karane vAlA hotA hai| . zikSA ke bAdhaka tattva uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zikSA ke bAdhaka tattvoM kA bhI varNana hai___ "aha pecahi ThANehi~, jehiM sikkhA na lbbii| thaMbhA kohA pamAeNaM rogeNA'lassaeNa y||"" . isI prakAra nimnalikhita caudaha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA Asevana karane vAlA avinIta zikSA ke ayogya kahalAtA hai| vaha nirvANa--mAnasika zAMti ko svAdhyAya zikSA - - - 37

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prApta nahIM hotA01. jo bAra-bAra krodha karatA hai| 02. jo krodha ko TikA kara rakhatA hai| 03. jo maitrI karane vAle ke sAtha amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai| 04. jo jJAna kA mada karatA hai| 05. kisI kI skhalanA hone para usakA tiraskAra karatA hai| 06. mitroM para kupita hotA hai| 07. priyatA rakhane vAle mitra kI bhI ekAMta meM burAI karatA hai| 08. asaMbaddhabhASI hai| 06. drohI hai| 10. abhimAnI hai| 11. lubdha hai| 12. jitendriya nahIM hai| 13. saMvibhAga nahIM karatA hai| 14. vizvasanIya athavA prItikara nahIM hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva jaina sAdhanA meM svAdhyAya ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya zikSA kA abhinna aMga hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki svAdhyAya mahAn tapa hai| bAraha prakAra ke AMtarika va bAhya tapoM meM svAdhyAya ke samAna tapa na to hai, na huA hai aura na hogaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhagavAna se pUchA gayA- "he bhagavan! svAdhyAya karane se jIva kisa bAta kA lAbha prApta karatA hai?" bhagavAna ne uttara diyA "sajjhAeNaM nANAvaraNijja kammaM khveii| ___ arthAt svAdhyAya se jIva jJAnAvaraNIya (jJAna ko rokane vAle) karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM prabhu mahAvIra ne batalAyA ki sahI prakAra se svAdhyAya karane se manuSya apane jIvana ke sarvocca lakSya arthAt paramAtma svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| vaha kathana nimna hai "savaNe nANe ya vinnANe, paccakhANe ya sNjme| aNaNhaye tave ceva, vodANe akiriyA siddhii||" arthAt dharma-zravaNa (svAdhyAya) se nimnAMkita lAbha prApta hote haiM 38 svAdhyAya zikSA .

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01. jJAna 02. viziSTa tattvabodha 03. pratyAkhyAna (sAMsArika padArthoM se virakti) 04. saMyama 05. anAsrava (navIna karmoM kA nirodha) 06. tapa 07. pUrvabaddha karmoM kA nAza sarvathA karmarahita sthiti va 08. 06. siddhi ( mukta sthiti) isase jJAta hotA hai ki jIvana kI sAdhanA meM svAdhyAya kA sthAna sarvopari hai| svAdhyAya ke aMga jaina zAstroM meM svAdhyAya ke bAre meM vizada vivecana milatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM jaba pustakoM kA pracalana nahIM thA taba bhI svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA thaa| usa samaya jJAna ko kaMThastha rakhane kA pracalana thaa| ziSya gurujanoM se zAstra zravaNa kara unheM apanI smRti meM saMjokara rakhate the / vedoM ko "zruti" aura Agama ko " zruta" kahA gayA, yaha isI tathya kA sUcaka hai| jaina AcAryoM ne svAdhyAya ke nimna pAMca aMgoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai 1. vAcanA- svAdhyAya kA pahalA prakAra vAcanA hai| gurujanoM se jJAna grahaNa karanA, unake pravacana sunanA 'vAcanA' kahalAtA hai| bar3e-bar3eM jJAniyoM ne jo jJAna pustakoM meM lipibaddha kiyA hai, use par3hanA bhI vAcanA kahalAtA hai| par3hanA aura kisI se savacana sunanA yaha donoM vAcanA ke antargata Ate haiN| 2. pRcchanA - par3he yA sune hue jJAna ke bAre meM koI zaMkA ho yA usakA artha spaSTa nahIM ho to usake bAre meM jijJAsAvRtti se prazna pUchanA tAki viSaya spaSTa ho jAya 'pRcchanA' kahalAtA hai| isase jJAna samyak banatA hai| jaina paddhati meM praznottara ko pRcchanA kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| 3. parAvartanA- pUrva paThita jJAna ko bAra-bAra smaraNa karanA yA usakA punaH-punaH pArAyaNa karanA tAki pATha bhUleM nahIM "parAvartanA" kahalAtA hai| bAra-bAra yAda karane se jJAna smRti meM sthAyI rUpa se sthira ho jAtA hai| 4. anuprekSA - jJAna ke bAre meM nirantara ciMtana-manana karanA tathA paThita jJAna ko svAdhyAya zikSA 39

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vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se samajhanA 'anuprekSA' kahalAtA hai| isase jJAna meM vyApakatA AtI hai| anuprekSA dvArA svAdhyAyI jJAna meM gaMbhIratA prApta karatA hai| 5. dharmakathA-jaba svAdhyAyI jJAna ko grahaNa kara use nizzaMka kara letA hai taba usase yaha apekSA kI jAtI hai ki vaha apane nirmala jJAna ke srota se anya logoM ko jJAna dekara unake jJAna kI abhivRddhi kre| sAdhaka vArtA, carcA, pravacana, adhyApana, praznottara ityAdi dvArA apane jJAna ko bhI sudRr3ha karatA hai evaM samAja ko bhI lAbhAnvita karatA hai| jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa __uparyukta vivecana se yaha kadApi nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki bhAratIya zikSA ne jIvana ke bhautika aMgoM kI upekSA kara dI hai| hamAre yahA~ zAstroM meM jIvana kA samagra aMga liyA gayA hai arthAt manuSya ke zarIra, mana, buddhi va AtmA kI pUrNatA kI udbhAvanA hai| caturvidha puruSArtha dvArA manuSya jIvana kA sampUrNa vikAsa karanA zikSA kA uddezya hai| caturvidha puruSArtha meM hI manuSya jIvana ke sampUrNa vikAsa kI udbhAvanA hai| isako spaSTa karane ke lie hama eka nadI kA udAharaNa leN| agara nadI ke donoM kinAre, donoM taTabaMdha majabUta hote haiM to usa nadI kA pAnI pIne ke, siMcAI ke, udyoga-dhaMdhoM Adi ke kAma AtA hai, usase jIvoM kA kalyANa hotA hai, lekina jaba usake kinAre kamajora par3a jAte haiM to nadI bAr3ha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura taba vahI pAnI aneka gAMvoM ko jalamagna kara detA hai, aneka manuSya aura pazu usameM baha jAte haiM, bhayaMkara trAhI-trAhI maca jAtI hai| isI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana dharma aura mokSa ke do kinAroM kI taraha hai| ina do taToM kI maryAdA meM artha aura kAma kA sevana kiyA jAe to manuSya kA jIvana svayaM ke lie evaM anyoM ke lie bhI upayogI aura kalyANakArI siddha hotA hai| hamAre yahAM para jagat aura jIvana kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI, lekina saMyamamaya, maryAdAnukUla jIvana ke vyavahAra para jora diyA gyaa| hamAre yahAM para pArivArika jIvana meM isI dharma bhAvanA ko vikasita karane ko kahA gyaa| zAstroM meM patnI ko "dharmapatnI" kahA gayA jo dharma bhAvanA ko bar3hAne vAlI hotI hai| vaha vAsanA kI mUrti nahIM hai| Agama meM patnI ke bAre meM bar3A sundara varNana AtA hai "bhAriyA dhammasahAiyA, dhmmviijjiyaa| dhammANurAgarattA, smsuhdukkhshaaiyaa||'' arthAt patnI dharma meM sahAyatA karane vAlI, sAtha dene vAlI, anurAgayukta tathA sukha-duHkha ko samAna rUpa meM baMTAne vAlI hotI hai| 40 svAdhyAya zikSA

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kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki hama duniyAM kI sabhI sUcanAe~ prApta kreN| vijJAna va bhautika jagat kA pUrNa jJAna prApta kareM, sArI upalabdhiyA~ prApta kareM, lekina ina sabake sAtha dharma ke jIvana mUlyoM kI upekSA nahIM kareM, usa sthiti meM vijJAna bhI vinAzaka zakti na hokara mAnavajAti ke lie kalyANakArI siddha hogaa| tIna prakAra ke AcArya ___ rAjapraznIya sUtra meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA haikalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dhrmaacaary| kalAcArya jIvanopayogI lalita kalAoM, vijJAna va sAmAjika jJAna jaise viSayoM kI zikSA detA thaa| bhASA aura lipi, gaNita, bhUgola, khagola, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, saMgIta aura nRtya ina sabakI zikSAe~ kalAcArya pradAna karate the| jainAgamoM meM puruSoM kI 64 aura strI kI 72 kalAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| dUsarI prakAra kI zikSA zilpAcArya dete the jo AjIvikA yA dhana ke arjana se saMbaMdhita thii| zilpa, udyoga va vyApAra se saMbaMdhita sAre kA kI zikSA denA zilpAcArya kA kArya thaa| ina donoM ke atirikta tIsarA zikSaka dharmAcArya thA, jisakA kArya dharma kI zikSA pradAna karanA va caritra kA vikAsa karanA thaa| dharmAcArya zIla aura sadAcaraNa kA jJAna pradAna karate the| ina saba prakAra kI zikSAoM ko prApta karane ke kAraNa hI hamArA zrAvaka samAja bahata sampanna thaa| sAmAnya vyakti unako seTha aura sAhUkAra jaise AdarasUcaka saMbodhana se pukAratA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "je kamme sUrA te dhamme sUrA" arthAt jo karma meM zUra hotA hai, vahI dharma meM zUra hotA hai| caritra ko unnata banAe~ ___Aja sUcanA takanIkI kA drutagAmI vikAsa huA hai| reDiyo, TI.vI., kampyUTara, iMTaraneTa Adi dvArA vizva kA sampUrNa jJAna sahajatA se upalabdha ho rahA hai, lekina agara bAlaka ke caritra nirmANa para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA to ye vaijJAnika sAdhana use patita kara sakate haiN| Aja vizva ke sarvAdhika samRddha rASTra amerikA kA eka vidyArthI 18 varSa kI umra taka kama se kama 12000 hatyAe~, balAtkAra Adi ke dRzya TI.vI. para dekha letA hai| usI vidyArthI ke komala mastiSka para isakA kitanA bhayaMkara prabhAva par3atA hai? Aja yahI takanIkI hamAre deza meM bhI sulabha ho gaI hai| aneka prakAra ke cainala va calacitra TI.vI. para pradarzita hote haiM jo 24 ghaMTe calate rahate haiN| unameM se aneka hiMsA evaM azlIlatA ko bar3hAvA dene vAle, hamAre pArivArika jIvana ko vikhaNDita karane vAle hote haiN| hamArI sarakAra bhI adhika svAdhyAya zikSA - - 41

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AmadanI ke lAlaca meM unheM bar3hAvA detI hai| isalie samAja kA yaha dAyitva hai ki jo vyakti zikSaNa zAlAe~ calAte haiM, unake dvArA vidyArthiyoM ko caritra- nirmANa ke saMskAra die jaaeN| hameM vidyAlayoM meM jaina saMskAroM kA bhI jJAna denA hogA, yathA mAtA-pitA kI bhakti, guru-bhakti, dharma-bhakti evaM rASTra-bhakti / isI prakAra se vidyArthiyoM ko mAnava mAtra se prema, paropakAra kI bhAvanA, jIva rakSA ke saMskAra dene hoNge| use yaha mahasUsa karAnA ki koI duHkhI vyakti hai to usako yathAzakya madada denA, sAmAnya jana ke sukha-duHkha meM sammilita honA, kisI ke prati dveSa nahIM rakhanA Adi saMskAra jIvana ko utkarSa kI ora le jAte haiN| Aja vizva kA bauddhika vikAsa bahuta huA, para AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM huaa| mahAkavi rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara ne bar3A sundara kahA hai___ "buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI huI, mRtyu kA sevaka hai vijnyaan| cetatA aba bhI nahIM manuSya, vizva kA kyA hogA bhagavAna?" manuSya kI buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI ho gaI hai| tRSNA nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vijJAna kA bhI upayoga adhikAMzataH vidhvaMsaka astroM ke sarjana meM ho rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM manuSya ko sukha aura zAMti kaise prApta hogI? jaina zikSA kA Adarza bhArata meM zikSA kA Adarza mAnA gayA bhautika jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna kA samanvayA jaina zikSA ke tIna abhinna aMga haiM-zraddhA, bhakti aura krm| samyagdarzana se hama jIvana ko zraddhAmaya banAte haiM, samyagjJAna se hama padArthoM ke sahI svarUpa ko samajhate haiM tathA samyakcAritra se hama sukarma kI ora prerita hote haiN| ina tInoM kA jaba hamAre jIvana meM vikAsa hotA hai tabhI hamAre jIvana meM pUrNatA AtI hai| zikSA ke dvArA bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha zikSArthI kA AMtarika vyaktitva bhI badalanA caahie| yahI jaina zikSA kA saMdeza hai- hama apramatta baneM, saMyamI baneM, jAgarUka baneM, cAritra sampanna bneN| tabhI hamAre rASTra kA tathA vizva kA kalyANa saMbhava hai| saMdarbha sUci 01. zikSA-svAmI vivekAnanda, pR.7, prakAzaka-rAmakRSNa maTha, naagpur| 02. prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA- DaoN. e.esa.altekara, pR.12 03. zAkAhAra-krAnti (mAsika, navambara-disambara 2001) pR.6 04. mUlAcAra, gAthA 267 05. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4 - ___42 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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06. zikSA-svAmI vivekAnanda, pR.8 07. isibhAsiyAiM sUtra, gAthA 17/1-2 08. uttarAdhyayana sUtra niyukti, gAthA 8 09. bodhapAhur3a, gAthA 16 10. tattvArthasUtra, sUtra 1 11. uttarAdhyayana sUtra gAthA 28/30 12. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 101 13. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 102 14. AcArAMganiyukti gAthA 16 15. zIlapAhur3a, gAthA 2 16. zIlapAhur3a, gAthA 15 17. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 98 18. uttarAdhyayana sUtra gAthA 11/14 19. uttarAdhyayana sUtra gAthA 11/4-5 20. upadezamAlA, gAthA 1/347 21. dazavaikAlika sUtra gAthA 9/2/22 22. dazavaikAlika sUtra gAthA 9/2/2 23. pravacanasAra gAthA 3/18 24. dazavaikAlika niyukti, gAthA 322 25. vyavahArabhASyapIThikA, gAthA 76 26. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, gAthA 10/13 27. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, gAthA 11/3, 28. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, gAthA 11/6-9 29. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, gAthA 29/19 30. bhagavatI sUtra, gAthA 2/111 31. upAsakadazAMgasUtra, gAthA 7/22/7 -70, Sembudoss Street, Chennai-600079 svAdhyAya ziza 43

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jainAgamoM meM paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa zrI kanhaiyAlAla loDhA jainAgamoM meM paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa ke sUtra yatra-tatra sarvatra bikhare par3e haiN| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha Adi zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kI bhI paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM bhUmikA hai| jaina dharma-darzana ke prasiddha vidvAna Agama marmajJa zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ne prastuta Alekha meM paryAvaraNa kI vyApaka pariprekSya meM carcA karate hue bhoga lipsA ko paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA hai tathA zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM ke Aloka meM paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| - sampAdaka jaina dharma meM 'paryAvaraNa' zabda kA prayoga prAkRtika paryAvaraNa taka hI sImita na hokara prANijagata tathA mAnava - jIvana se saMbaMdhita Atmika, mAnasika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, pArivArika, Arthika Adi sabhI kSetroM se sambaddha hai| ina samasta kSetroM meM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kA mUla kAraNa Atmika vikAra hai / Atmika vikAra kA kriyAtmaka' rUpa viSaya bhoga hai| bhogavAdI saMskRti ne hI samasta paryAvaraNa pradUSaNoM ko utpanna kiyA hai| ina pradUSaNoM se mukti pAne kA upAya jaina dharma meM zrAvaka vratoM kA pAlana batAyA hai| yahA~ isI para vistAra se vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| paryAvaraNa zabda 'pari' upasargapUrvaka 'AvaraNa' zabda se banA hai| jisakA artha hai jo cAroM ora se AvRtta kie ho, cAroM ora chAyA huA ho, cAroM ora se ghere hue ho| paryAvaraNa zabda kA anya samAnArthaka zabda hai- vAtAvaraNa / vAtAvaraNa kA zAbdika artha vAyumaMDala hotA hai, parantu vartamAna meM 'vAtAvaraNa' zabda vyApaka artha meM prayukta hotA hai, jise kahA jAtA hai ki vyakti jaise vAtAvaraNa meM rahatA hai usake vaise hI bhale-bure saMskAra par3ate haiN| isa rUpa meM paryAvaraNa zabda bhArata ke prAcIna dharmoM meM vAtAvaraNa arthAt mAnava-jIvana se saMbaMdhita sabhI kSetroM se jur3A huA hai| paryAvaraNa do prakAra kA hotA hai- parizuddha, azuddha / jo paryAvaraNa jIvana ke lie hitakara hotA hai vaha parizuddha paryAvaraNa hai aura jo paryAvaraNa jIvana ke lie ahitakara hotA hai vaha azuddha paryAvaraNa hai| isI azuddha paryAvaraNa ko pradUSaNa kahate haiN| pAzcAttya dezoM meM pradUSaNa zabda prAkRtika pradUSaNa kA sUcaka hai| parantu bhAratIya dharmoM meM vizeSataH jaina dharma meM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kevala prakRti taka hI sImita nahIM hai, pratyuta Atmika, mAnasika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, pArivArika, Arthika Adi jIvana se saMbaMdhita samasta kSetra isakI paridhi meM Ate haiN| jIvana se saMbaMdhita ye sabhI kSetra paraspara jur3e hue haiN| inameM se kisI bhI eka kSetra meM utpanna hue pradUSaNa kA prabhAva anya sabhI kSetroM para par3atA hai| jaina dharma meM pradUSaNa, doSa, pApa, vikAra, vibhAva

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ekArthaka zabda haiN| jaina dharma sabhI kSetroM ke pradUSaNoM kA mUla kAraNa Atmika pradUSaNa ko mAnatA hai, zeSa sabhI pradUSaNa isI pradUSaNa ke kaTu phala, phUla, patte va kAMTe haiN| ataH jaina dharma mUla pradUSaNa ko dUra karane para jora detA hai aura isa pradUSaNa ke miTane para hI anya pradUSaNa miTAnA saMbhava mAnatA hai, jabaki anya saMsthAe~, sarakAreM, rAjanetA prAkRtika pradUSaNa ko miTAne para jora dete haiN| parantu unake isa prayatna se pradUSaNa miTa nahIM pA rahA hai| eka rUpa se miTane lagatA hai to dUsare rUpa meM phUTa par3atA hai, kevala rUpAntara mAtra hotA hai, jabaki jaina vAGmaya meM pratipAdita sUtroM se sabhI prakAra ke pradUSaNa samUla rUpa se naSTa ho sakate haiN| isI viSaya kA ati saMkSipta vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| Upara kaha Ae haiM ki samasta pradUSaNoM kA mUla kAraNa hai- Atmika pradUSaNa arthAt Atmika vikaar| Atmika vikAra haiM- hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra aadi| inheM pApa kahA jAtA hai| ina saba pApoM kI jar3a hai viSaya-kaSAya se milane vAle sukhoM ke bhoga kI aaskti| bhogoM kI pUrti ke liye bhoga-sAmagrI va suvidhA caahiye| bhogajanya, sukha sAmagrI va suvidhA-prApti ke liye dhana-sampatti caahiye| dhanaprApta karane ke lobha se hI mAnava hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, saMgraha, parigraha, zoSaNa Adi dUSita kArya karatA hai, svAsthya ke liye hAnikAraka vastuoM kA utpAdana karatA hai, asalI vastuoM meM hAniprada nakalI vastue~ milAtA hai, kaI prakAra ke pradUSaNoM ko janma detA hai| vartamAna meM vizva meM jitane bhI pradUSaNa dikhAI dete haiM una sabake mUla meM bhoga lipsA va lobha vRtti hI mukhya hai| jaba taka jIvana meM bhogavRtti kI pradhAnatA rahegI taba taka bhoga sAmagrI prApta karane ke liye lobhavRtti bhI rhegii| kahA bhI hai ki lobha pApa kA bApa hai arthAt jahAM lobha hotA hai vahAM pApa kI utpatti hogI hii| pApa pradUSaNa paidA karegA hii| ataH pradUSaNa ke abhizApa se bacanA hai to pApoM se bacanA hI hogA, pApoM ko tyAganA hI hogaa| pApoM kA tyAga hI jaina dharma kI samasta sAdhanAoM kA AdhAra va sAra hai| pApoM se mukti ko hI jaina dharma meM mukti kahA hai| ataH jaina dharma kI samasta sAdhanAe~, pradUSaNoM (doSoM) ko dUra karane kI sAdhanA hai| jaina dharma meM anagAra evaM AgAra ye do prakAra ke dharma kahe haiN| anagAra dharma ke dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu hote haiM jo pApoM ke pUrNa tyAga kI sAdhanA karate haiN| AgAra dharma ke dhAraNa karane vAle gRhastha hote haiN| unake liye bAraha vrata dhAraNa karane evaM kuvyasanoM ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yahI AgAra dharma pradUSaNoM se bacane kA upAya hai| isI pariprekSya meM yahAM bAraha vratoM kA svAdhyAya zikSA - 45

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vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. sthUla prANAtipAta kA tyAga pahalA vrata hai - sthUla prANAtipAta kA tyAga karanA / prANAtipAta use kahA jAtA hai jisase kisI bhI prANI ke prANoM kA ghAta ho / prANa daza kahe gaye haiM- 1. zrotrendriya balaprANa 2. cakSurindriya balaprANa 3. ghrANendriya balaprANa 4. rasanendriya balaprANa 5. sparzanendriya balaprANa 6. mana balaprANa 7. vacana balaprANa 8. kAya balaprANa 6. zvAsocchvAsa balaprANa aura 10. AyuSya blpraann| ina dasa prANoM meM se kisI bhI prANa ko AghAta lage, hAni pahuMce vaha prANAtipAta hai / vaha prANAtipAta prANI kA hI arthAt cetanA kA hI hotA hai, niSprANa acetana kA nhiiN| kyoMki acetana (jar3a) jagat para prAkRtika pradUSaNa yA anya kisI bhI prakAra ke pradUSaNa kA koI bhalA-burA prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai, na hI use sukha - duHkha hotA hai| ataH pradUSaNa kA saMbaMdha prANI se hI hai| isa prakAra pratyeka pradUSaNa se prANI ke hI prANoM kA atipAta hotA hai| isI prANAtipAta ko vartamAna meM pradUSaNa kahA jAtA hai| ataH pratyeka prakAra kA pradUSaNa prANAtipAta hai, prANAtipAta se bacanA pradUSaNa se bacanA hai, pradUSaNa se bacanA prANAtipAta se bacanA hai| jaina dharma meM samasta pApoM kA, doSoM kA, pradUSaNoM kA mUla prANAtipAta ko hI mAnA hai| yahAM yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki prANI prANAtipAta yA pradUSaNa kyoM karate haiM? uttara meM kahanA hogA ki prANI ko zarIra milA hai isase use calanA, phiranA, bolanA, khAnA, pInA, mala- visarjana Adi kArya va kriyAe~ karanI hotI haiM, parantu ina saba kriyAoM meM prakRti kA sahaja rUpa se upayoga kare to na to prakRti ko hAni pahuMcatI hai aura na prANazakti meM kamI hotI hai| isase prANI ke jIvana tathA prakRti kA saMtulana banA rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki lAkhoM-karor3oM varSoM se isa pRthvI para pazu-pakSI, manuSya Adi prANI rahate Ae haiM, parantu prakRti kA saMtulana barAbara banA rahA / para jaba prANI ke jIvana kA lakSya sahajaM prAkRtika / svAbhAvika jIvana se haTakara bhoga bhoganA ho jAtA hai to vaha bhoga ke sukha ke vazIbhUta ho apane hita-ahita ko, karttavya - akarttavya ko bhUla jAtA hai| vaha bhoga ke vazIbhUta ho vaha kArya bhI karane lagatA hai jisameM usakA svayaM kA hI ahita ho / udAharaNArtha - kisI bhI manuSya se kahA jAya ki tumhArI AMkhoM kA mUlya pAMca lAkha rupaye dete haiM, tuma apanI donoM AMkhoM ko hameM beca do to koI bhI AMkhe becane ko taiyAra nahIM hogA, kyoMki vaha AMkhoM ko amUlya mAnatA hai / parantu vahI manuSya cakSu indriya ke sukhabhoga ke vazIbhUta ho svAdhyAya zikSA 46

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TelIvijana, sinemA Adi adhika samaya dekhakara apanI AMkhoM se adhika kAma lekara inakI zakti kSINa kara detA hai| vaha apanI AMkhoM kI amUlya prANa zakti ko hAni pahuMcA kara apanA hI ahita kara letA hai| yahI bAta kAna, jIbha Adi samasta indriyoM ke prANAtipAta para ghaTita hotI hai| jaina dharma meM pRthvI, pAnI, havA tathA vanaspati meM jIva mAnA hai, inheM prANa vAlA mAnA hai, inheM vikRta karane ko inakA prANAtipAta mAnA hai, parantu manuSya apanI sukha-suvidhA evaM saMpatti ke lobha se inakA prANa haraNa kara inheM nirjIva, niSprANa evaM pradUSita kara rahA hai, yathApRthvIkAya kA prANAtipAta pradUSaNa- kRSi bhUmi meM rAsAyanika khAda evaM enTIbAyoTika davAe~ DAlakara bhUmi ko nirjIva banAyA jA rahA hai jisase usakI urvarA zakti/ prANazakti naSTa hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa bhUmi baMjara ho jAtI hai phira usameM kucha bhI paidA nahIM hotA hai tathA rAsAyanika khAda se paidA huI phasala zarIra ke lie hAnikAraka evaM pradUSita hotI hai| ___ bhUmi kA dohana karake khAne khodakara, khanija padArtha, loha, tAMbA, koyalA, patthara Adi prativarSa karor3oM Tana nikAlA jA rahA hai, use nirjIva banAyA jA rahA hai tathA use kaur3iyoM ke bhAva meM videzoM ko videzI mudrA arjana karane ke lie becA jA rahA hai| bhale hI isa bhUmi dohana se bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke liye vaha khanija padArtha na bace, bhAvI pIr3hiyA~ ina padArthoM ke liye tarasa-tarasa kara mareM, apane pUrvajoM ke isa duSkarma kA phala atyanta duHkhI hokara bhogeM, isa bAta kI cintA vartamAna pIr3hI va sarakAroM ko kataI nahIM hai| yahI bAta paiTroliyama padArthoM para bhI ghaTita hotI hai| usakA bhI isI prakAra bhayaMkara dohana ho rahA hai| Aja vizva meM pacAsa karor3a kAreM, lAkhoM dupahiyA vAhana, karor3oM kArakhAnoM meM araboM Tana peTrola jalAyA jA rahA hai, jisase peTrola ke bhaMDAra khAlI hote jA rahe haiN| isase eka dina bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie kucha bhI nahIM bcegaa| isa prakAra peTrola tathA lohA Adi vastuoM kA dohana tathA inase paidA hone vAlA jala-pradUSaNa va tApamAna vRddhi kA duSprabhAva- ye saba bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie abhizApa banane vAle haiN| apkAya kA prANAtipAta pradUSaNa- jala meM anya padArtha milane se apkAya ke jIvoM ke prANoM kA haraNa hotA hai yahI jala pradUSaNa hai, vartamAna kAla meM dhana kamAne ke liye bar3e- bar3e kArakhAne lage haiM, unameM pratidina karor3o-araboM lITara jala kA upayoga hotA hai| vaha saba jala pradUSita ho jAtA hai, rAsAyanika padArthoM ke saMparka se, nagara ke gaMde nAloM kA jala mala-mUtra Adi gaMdagI se dUSita hotA jA rahA hai| yaha svAdhyAya zikSA - - 47

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dUSita jala dharatI meM utara kara kuoM ke jala ko tathA nadI meM girakara nadI ke jala ko dUSita karatA jA rahA hai tathA dUSita jala ke kITANuoM kA nAza karane ke liye pIne ke pAnI kI TaMkiyoM meM poTeziyama parameMganeTa milAyA jA rahA hai jo svAsthya ke liye ahitakara hai| naloM se bhI jala kA bahuta apavyaya hotA hai| yaha saba jala kA pradUSaNa hI hai| jaina dharma meM eka bUMda jala bhI vyartha DholanA pApa tathA burA mAnA gayA hai| ataH dharma ke siddhAntoM kA pAlana kiyA jAya to jala ke pradUSaNa se pUrA bacA jA sakatA hai| tejaskAya kA prANAtipAta pradUSaNa- jIvana ke liye jaise jala aura vAyu Avazyaka haiM vaise hI uSNatA bhI Avazyaka hai| yaha Avazyaka uSNatA sUrya se svataH prApta hotI rahatI hai| isa uSNatA se zarIra ko kucha bhI hAni nahIM hotI hai arthAt yaha uSNatA (uSmA) pUrNa rUpa se pradUSaNa rahita hotI hai| parantu manuSya atirikta uSNatA prApta karane ke lie kaMDe, koyale, lakar3I Adi jalAkara kRtrima upAyoM se Aga paidA karatA hai| koyale, lakar3I, gaisa Adi jalAne se jo Aga utpanna hotI hai usase vAtAvaraNa pradUSita hotA hai| aMgIThI meM koyalA, cUlheM meM lakar3I, Adi ke jalane se jo Aga prajvalita hotI hai usase kArbana DAiAksAiDa tathA kArbana monoksAiDa Adi gaiseM utpanna hotI haiN| ye gaiseM zvAsa ke dvArA phephar3oM meM jAkara rakta meM ghula jAtI haiM, jisase rakta kA himoglobina ghaTatA hai aura rakta azuddha ho jAtA hai| yaha svAsthya ke lie atyaMta ghAtaka hai tathA mRtyu kA kAraNa bhI bana jAtA hai| kamare meM aMgIThI jalAkara daravAjA baMda kara dene se mRtyu hone kI ghaTanAe~ samAcAra patroM meM par3hane meM AtI hI rahatI haiN| vartamAna meM phaikTriyoM evaM vAhanoM ke saMcAlana meM paiTrola tathA DIjala jalane se kArbana monooNksAiDa va salphara DAI oNksAiDa gaiseM nikalatI haiM, phaikTrI se ina gaisoM ke sAtha nAiTrojana AksAiDa gaisa bhI nikalatI haiN| ye gaiseM esiDa banAtI haiM jo svAsthya ke liye atyanta hAnikAraka haiN| ye gaiseM vAyumaMDala meM vyApta ho jAtI haiM, jahAM ye varSA ke jala meM ghulakara dharatI para barasatI haiN| ise esiDa Drena rena kahate haiN| yaha varSA per3a, paudhoM, pazu, pakSiyoM Adi jIvoM ke lie to ghAtaka hotI hI hai, nirjIva padArthoM ke lie bhI hAnikAraka hotI hai| inhIM gaisoM se utpanna hue esiDa se tAjamahala kI dIvAroM evaM saundarya ko bhArI kSati pahuMcI hai| uparyukta sabhI gaiseM tApamAna meM vRddhi karatI haiM, jisase samudroM meM sthita himakhaNDoM evaM parvatoM para sthita gleziyaroM kI barpha pighala rahI hai| barpha ke pighalane se samudroM ke jala kI sataha Upara uTha rahI hai| vaijJAnikoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki kucha hI 48 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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varSoM meM samudra kI sataha itanI Upara uTha jAyegI ki jisase baMgAla Adi samudroM ke taToM para sthita aneka kSetroM kI bhUmi jalamagna ho jAyegI tathA parvatoM se nikala kara grISma Rtu meM bahane vAlI nadiyAM sUkha jAyeMgI, jisase khetI kI sicAMI kI samasyA utpanna ho jaayegii| aNubama aura paramANubama se prajvalita agni to itanA bhISaNa pradUSaNa paidA karatI hai ki kucha hI kSaNoM meM lAkhoM logoM ko mRtyu kI goda meM pahu~cA detI hai aura zeSa rahe manuSyoM ko apaMga kara detI hai tathA bhAvI saMtAna ke lie vikalAMgatA kA khatarA paidA kara detI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki agnikAya kA pradUSaNa mAnava jAti ke svAsthya evaM astitva ke lie bhayaMkara khataranAka hai / isIlie jaina sAdhu kRtrima agni kA upayoga kabhI nahIM karate haiN| vAyukAya kA prANAtipAta pradUSaNa- vAyu meM vikRta tattva milane se vAyukAya ke prANoM kA atipAta hotA hai| yahI vAyu pradUSaNa hai| bar3e kArakhAnoM kI cimaniyoM se lagAtAra viSailA dhuAM nikala kara vAyu ko dUSita karatA jA rahA hai, lAkhoM kArakhAnoM meM viSailI gaisoM kA upayoga ho rahA hai| ve gaiseM vAyu meM milakara vAyu meM nihita prANazakti ko kSaya kara rahI haiN| isa pradUSaNa ke prabhAva se dhruvoM meM ojona parata bhI kSINa ho gaI hai, usameM cheda hote jA rahe haiM, jisase sUrya kI hAnikAraka kiraNeM sIdhe mAnava zarIra para par3eMgI, phalasvarUpa kaiMsara Adi bhayaMkara asaMkhya asAdhya rogoM kA khatarA utpanna ho jAne vAlA hai| vAyu pradUSaNa se nagaroM meM nAgarikoM ko zvAsa lene ke liye svaccha vAyu milanA kaThina ho gayA hai, dama ghuTane lagA hai, jisase damA / kSaya Adi roga bhayaMkara rUpa meM phailane lage haiN| jaina dharma meM isa prakAra ke vAyu ke prANAtipAta ko, pradUSaNa ko pApa mAnA hai| vanaspatikAya prANAtipAta pradUSaNa - jainAgama AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama adhyayana meM vanaspati kI tulanA manuSya jIvana se kI hai| jaise manuSya kA zarIra bar3hatA hai, khAtA hai usI prakAra vanaspati bhI bar3hatI hai, bhojana karatI hai| vartamAna meM vanaspatikAya kA prANAtipAta bhayaMkara rUpa se ho rahA hai| lakar3I ke pralobhana se jaMgala / vana kATe jA rahe haiN| pahale jahAM pahAr3oM para va samatala bhUmi para ghane jaMgala the, jinameM hokara pAra honA kaThina thA, jinheM aTavI kahA jAtA thA unakA to Aja nAmonizAM hI nahIM rhaa| jo jaMgala bace haiM aura jina vanoM ko sarakAra dvArA surakSita ghoSita kiyA gayA hai una vanoM meM bhI corI chipe bhayaMkara kaTAI ho rahI hai| isakA svAdhyAya zikSA 49

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prabhAva jalavAyu para par3A hai| inake kaTa jAne se ArdratA kama ho gaI, jisase varSA meM bahuta kamI ho gaI hai| vana ke ghane jaMgaloM meM lage vRkSa pradUSita vAyu kA kArbanaDAI oNksAiDa grahaNa kara badale meM AksIjana dekara vAyu ko zuddha karate the vaha zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA ati dhImI ho gaI hai| phalataH vAyu meM pradUSaNa bar3hatA jA rahA hai, jo mAnava jAti ke svAsthya ke lie ati hAnikAraka hai| rAsAyanika khAda evaM kITanAzaka davAiyoM ke DAlane se kRSi upaja meM anAja phala, phUla, dAloM kI saMracanA meM unakA dUSita prabhAva bar3hatA jA rahA hai, jo svAsthya ke liye ati hAnikAraka hai evaM pauSTika tattva kA, viTAmina evaM proTIna kA bhI ghAtaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki amarIkA meM rAsAyanika khAda se utpanna hue gehU~ ke . bhAva se binA rAsAyanika khAda meM utpanna hue gehU~ kA bhAva ATha gunA hai| trasakAya prANAtipAta- do indriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva tathA keMcue, cIMTI, madhumakkhI, bhaure, cUhe, sarpa, pakSI, pazu Adi calane phirane vAle jIva trasakAya kahe jAte haiN| ina jIvoM kI utpatti prakRti se svataH hotI hai tathA saMtulana bhI banA rahatA hai| ye sabhI jIva phasala kA saMtulana banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| keMcuA bhUmi kI urvarA zakti bar3hAtA hai| Aja davAiyoM se ina jIvoM ko mAra diyA jAtA hai, jisase paidAvAra meM asaMtulana ho gayA hai tathA jIvoM kI aneka prajAtiyAM lupta ho gaI jaina dharma meM uparyukta saba prakAra ke jIvoM ke prANAtipAta karane rUpa pradUSaNoM ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yadi isa vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya aura pRthvI, jala, vAyu, vanaspati Adi ko pradUSita na kiyA jAya, inakA hanana na kiyA jAya to mAnava jAti prAkRtika pradUSaNoM se sahaja hI baca sakatI hai| phira paryAvaraNa ke lie to kisI bhI kAnUna ko banAne kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhegii| isa prakAra se ahiMsA pAlana se paryAvaraNa kI samasta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna saMbhava hai| 2. mRSAvAda viramaNa dUsarA vrata hai- jhUTha kA tyaag| arthAt jo vastu jisa guNa, dharma vAlI hai use vaisI hI batAyA jaay| Aja cAroM ora vyApAra meM mRSAvAda kA hI bolabAlA hai| udAharaNa ke lie rAsAyanika khAda dIrghakAla kI upaja kI khetoM kI urvarA zakti ko naSTa karane vAlA hai tathA svAsthya kI dRSTi se hAnikAraka hai, usakI ina burAiyoM ko chipAkara use khetI ke lie lAbhaprada batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra sintheTika dhAge ke vastra svAsthya ke lie ati hAnikara haiM, unakI isa yathArthatA ko chipAyA jAtA hai - - 50 - -- - svAdhyAya zikSA

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aura unake lAbha yA guNa gAye jAte haiN| enTIbAyoTika davAiyoM se zarIra kI prati rakSAtmaka zakti meM bhayaMkara kamI hotI hai jisase vRddhAvasthA meM rogoM se pratirodha karane kI zakti nahIM rahatI hai| isa tathya ko chipAyA jAtA hai aura dhar3alle se vijJApana dvArA isake lAbhaprada hone kA pracAra kiyA jAtA hai|aaj kA vijJApana dAtA vijJApita vastu se dIrgha kAla meM hone vAlI bhayaMkara hAni ko chupAkara tathA unake tAtkAlika lAbha ko bar3hA-car3hA kara batAkara janatA ko mAyAjAla meM phaMsAtA hai, yaha dhokhA hai| jaina sAdhanA meM aise kArya ko mRSAvAda kahA hai aura isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mRSAvAda-tyAga ke siddhAnta ko apanA liyA jAya to aise pradUSaNoM se bacA jA sakatA aparA 3. acaurya vrata apaharaNa karanA corI hai|vrtmaan meM apaharaNa ke naye-naye rUpa nikala gaye. haiN| vyApAra dvArA upabhoktAoM ke dhana kA apaharaNa to kiyA hI jAtA hai, kala-kArakhAnoM meM zramikoM ko zrama kA pUrA pratiphala na dekara zrama kA bhI apaharaNa kiyA jAtA hai, unakI vivazatA kA lAbha uThAyA jAtA hai| jIvanarakSaka davAiyoM ke bIsa-tIsa guNeM dAma rakhakara tathA nakalI davAiyA~ banAkara rogiyoM ko mRtyu ke mukha meM dhakelA jAtA hai| laoNTarI ke dvArA garIboM ke kaThina zrama se kI gaI kamAI kA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to jitane bhI zoSaNa ke tarIke haiM ve sabhI apaharaNa ke rUpa haiN| binA pratiphala diye yA kama pratiphala dekara adhika lAbha uThAnA zoSaNa yA apaharaNa hai| yaha ati bhayaMkara Arthika pradUSaNa hai| isI se Arthika viSamatA utpanna hotI hai| isase garIba adhika garIba aura dhanavAna adhika dhanavAna hote jA rahe haiN| isa viSamatA se hI Aja Arthika jagata meM bhayaMkara pratidvandva va saMgharSa cala rahA hai| yuddha kA bhI pramukha kAraNa yaha Arthika zoSaNa va pratidvadvitA yA hor3a hI hai| jaina dharma meM apaharaNa va zoSaNa kA tyAga pratyeka mAnava ke liye Avazyaka batAyA hai tAki paryAvaraNa saMtulita rhe| yadi isa vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya to bhUkhamarI, garIbI, Arthika lUTa, akAla mRtyu, yuddha Adi pradUSaNoM kA aMta ho sakatA hai| 4. vyabhicAra kA tyAga cauthe vrata meM apanI patnI ke atirikta anya samasta prakAra ke yauna saMbaMdhoM ko tyAjya kahA hai| jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke liye parastrIgamana, vezyAgamana tathA atibhoga ko sarvathA tyAjya kahA gayA hai| isase eDsa jaise asAdhya rogoM se sahaja hI bacA jA sakatA hai| Aja eDsa tathA yauna saMbaMdhI aneka roga va pradUSaNa bar3I tejI se svAdhyAya zikSA - 51

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phaila rahe haiM jisase mAnava jAti ke vinAza kA khatarA utpanna ho gayA hai| isakA kAraNa isa vrata kA pAlana na karanA bhI hai| kAmottejaka tathA azlIla citra banAnA va dekhanA bhI isa vrata ke doSa haiN| isase Aja videzoM meM evaM deza meM bhI avivAhita lar3akiyoM ke garbha rahane, garbhapAta karAne tathA talAka Adi kI ghaTanAoM meM vRddhi ho rahI hai| byUTI pArlara, prasAdhana sAmagrI Adi se zArIrika asvasthatA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| ina bhayaMkara pradUSaNoM se bacAva bhI isa vrata kA pAlana karane se hI saMbhava hai| 5. parigraha parimANa vrata gRhastha ko bhUmi, bhavana, kheta, vastu, dhana-dhAnya, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| ataH inheM apane parivAra kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra rakhanA, adhika dhana upArjana kI dRSTi se na rakhanA, isa vrata ke antargata AtA hai| isa vrata meM parigraha yA saMgraha ko burA batAyA gayA hai, utpAdana ko burA nahIM kahA hai| Ananda, kAmadeva Adi Adarza zrAvakoM ke hajAroM gAyeM thiiN| unhoMne unakA parimANa kiyA hai, becA nahIM hai| parimANa kI gaI gAyoM ke bachar3e-bachar3I hote, ye parimANa meM adhika ho jAte, ve dUsaroM ko dAna de diye, jisase ve unakA pAlana poSaNa kara AjIvikA claate| koI bhojana karanA to upAdeya mAne aura anna utpAdana ko heya (burA) mAne, yaha ghora visaMgati hai| ataH utpAdana sarva hitakArI pravRtti se karanA apanI sukha-suvidhA ke liye usakA saMgraha na karanA hI isa vrata kA mukhya uddezya hai| isa vrata ke pAlana se udAratA, sevA, paropakAra kI zreSThavRtti kA vikAsa hotA hai| seTha va zreSTha kahA hI use hai- jo apane dhana kA upayoga dUsaroM kI sevA meM kre| isa vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya to vizva kI garIbI dUra ho jaay| Arthika zoSaNa kA anta ho jAya aura jIvana ke liye Avazyaka anna, vastra, makAna Adi kI kamI na rhe| Aja jo Arthika jagata meM hor3a lagI hai- saMgharSa ho rahA hai, usakA kAraNa parigraha hI hai| isa Arthika burAI yA pradUSaNa se bacane kA upAya hai- parigraha parimANa vrt| isa prakAra vrata ke pAlana se paryAvaraNa kA svayameva zuddhIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| 6. dizA parimANa vrata dhana kamAne tathA viSaya-sukha bhogane ke liye manuSya deza-dezAntaroM kA bhramaNa karatA hai| yaha bhramaNa vitta, bhoga-parigraha, loka-eSaNA va bhoga-vRddhi kA hetu hotA hai| aise bhramaNa ko jaina dharma meM mAnava jIvana ke lakSya zAMti, mukti, svAdhInatA tathA paramAnanda prApti meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai aura isase yathAsaMbhava bacane ke liye isakI maryAdA karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM loga dhana kamAne, 52 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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sukha-suvidhA prApti evaM adhikAdhika bhoga bhogane ke liye apanI janmabhUmi ko chor3akara zaharoM kI ora daur3a rahe haiN| phalasvarUpa eka hI zahara meM lAkhoM, karor3oM logoM kI bhIr3a ikaTThI hotI jA rahI hai| una logoM ke yAMtrika lAkhoM vAhanoM tathA udyogoM meM lage yaMtroM se nikalI viSailI gaisoM se, unake mala-mUtra se, unake dvArA phaiMke hue kUr3e kacare se, unake zvAsa se nikalI kArbanaDAI oNksAiDa se bhayaMkara pradUSaNa phailatA jA rahA hai| bhArata meM dillI, kalakattA, kAnapura Adi zahara isake pratyakSa pramANa haiN| jahA~ zvAsa lene ke liye zuddha vAyu milanA kaThina ho gayA hai jisase damA, kSaya, hRdaya, kaiMsara jaisI bhayaMkara bImAriyA~ bar3I tIvra gati se phailatI jA rahI haiN| yadi dizA parimANa vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya arthAt apane gAMva meM rahakara svAsthya pradAyaka, sAdA, sahaja svAbhAvika, prAkRtika jIvana jiyA jAya to bar3e-bar3e nagaroM meM utpanna hone vAle samasta pradUSaNoM evaM dUSita paryAvaraNa saMbaMdhI samasyA se sahaja meM hI bacA jA sakatA hai| 7. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata isa vrata meM phala-phUla, vastra, vilepana, khAna-pAna Adi samasta upabhogaparibhoga sAmagrI kI maryAdA karane kA vidhAna hai| kyoMki bhoga-paribhoga hI Atmika doSoM, mAnasika dvandvoM rUpa pradUSaNoM ke kAraNa haiN| ataH jaina dharma meM sAdhuoM ke liye to inheM pUrNa tyAjya hI kahA hai| gRhastha ke liye bhI bhogoM kI vRddhi ko heya mAnA hai aura inheM sImita maryAdita rakhane kA vidhAna hai| jaina dharma kA mAnanA hai ki upabhogavAdI saMskRti hI samasta doSoM va pradUSaNoM kI jananI hai| ataH jaba taka saMskRti kA AdhAra upabhoga rahegA taba taka pradUSaNa bhI banA rhegaa| kAraNa ki kisI vastu kA durupayoga karane se hI pradUSaNa paidA hotA hai| vastu ke sadupayoga se vastu kA jitanA upayoga hotA hai usase adhika usakA utpAdana hotA hai| usakA anAvazyaka vyaya (apavyaya) nahIM hotA hai| bhogavAdI saMskRti pazutA kI dyotaka hai, pazu jIvana prakRti ke AdhIna hai| pazu-pakSI bhUkha lagane para hI khAte haiM, bhUkha nahIM hone para nahIM khAte haiN| isa prakAra prakRti kA saMtulana banA rahatA hai| parantu manuSya bhUkhA hone para bhI cAhe to nahIM khAye aura bhUkha na hone para bhI svAda ke vaza bhojana kara letA hai| arthAt manuSya kA jIvana prakRti ke AdhIna nahIM hai| vaha prakRti se apane ko Upara uThAne meM svatantra hai| yahI mAnava kI vizeSatA bhI hai| mAnava isa svatantratA kA sadupayoga aura durupayoga donoM kara sakatA hai| sadupayoga hai- prakRti kA yathAsaMbhava kama yA utanA hI upayoga karanA jitanA jIvana ke liye atyAvazyaka hai| svAdhyAya zikSA - 53

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isase prakRti kI dena kA/vastuoM kA vyartha vyaya nahIM hotA hai aura prakRti kA saMtulana banA rahatA hai| bhAratavarSa kI saMskRti meM anna ko devatA mAnA gayA hai| anna ke eka dAne ko bhI vyartha naSTa karane ko ghora pApa yA aparAdha mAnA jAtA rahA hai| per3a ke phUla, patte va phala ko vyartha tor3anA anucita samajhA jAtA rahA hai| per3a-paudhoM ko kSati pahuMcAnA to dUra rahA, ulaTA unheM pUjA jAtA hai- khAda aura jala dekara unakA saMvardhana va poSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja se kevala eka sau varSa pUrva bhArata meM ghane jaMgala the| jaba se upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti kA pazcima ke dezoM se bhArata meM Agamana huA, pracAra-prasAra huA, isake pazcAt sAre pradUSaNa paidA ho gaye, vanoM kA vinAza ho gyaa| agaNita vanaspatiyoM tathA pazu-pakSiyoM kI jAtiyoM kA astitva hI miTa gyaa| jahA~ pahale siMha bhramaNa karate the Aja vahA~ kharagoza bhI nahIM rhe| vartamAna meM vijJAna ke vikAsa ke sAtha bhogasAmagrI atyadhika bar3ha gaI hai tathA bar3hatI jA rahI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa roga bar3ha gaye haiM aura bar3hate jA rahe haiN| udAharaNArtha TelIvijana ko hI leM, TelIvijana ke samIpa baiThane se baccoM meM rakta kaiMsara jaisA asAdhya roga bahuta adhika bar3ha gayA hai| AMkhoM kI dRSTi to kamajora hotI hI hai| TelIvijana ke parde para jo calacitra dikhAye jAte haiM, unameM pradarzita abhinetAabhinetrI ke nRtya, gAna, hAvabhAva, vezabhUSA va anya bhoga-sAmagrI se darzakoM ke mana meM kAmoddIpana to hotA hI hai sAtha hI mana meM agaNita bhoga bhogane kI kaamnaaeN| vAsanAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, una sabakI pUrti honA saMbhava nahIM hai| kAmanAoM/ vAsanAoM kI pUrti na hone se tanAva, hInabhAva, dabAva, dvandva, kuMThAoM tathA mAnasika graMthiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| jisase vyakti mAnasika rogI hokara jIvana paryanta duHkha bhogatA hai, sAtha hI raktacApa, hRdayaroga, kaiMsara, alsara, madhumeha jaise zArIrika roga kA zikAra bhI ho jAtA hai| jaina dharma kA mAnanA hai ki bhoga svayaM Atmika evaM mAnasika roga haiM aura isake phalasvarUpa zArIrika rogoM kI utpatti hotI hai| phira zArIrika rogoM kI cikitsA ke liye enTIbAyoTika davAiyA~ lI jAtI haiM, jisase lAbha to tatkAla milatA hai, parantu jIvana-zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai| phalataH Ayu ghaTakara akAla meM hI ve kAla ke gAla meM samA jAte haiM, vartamAna meM utpanna samasta samasyAoM kA mUla bhogavAdI saMskRti hI hai| 8. anarthadaNDa viramaNa - anartha zabda 'an' (naJ-a) pUrvaka 'artha' zabda se banA hai| an ke aneka artha phalita hote haiN| unameM mukhya haiM abhAva, vilom| artha kahate haiM-matalaba ko| ataH 54 - - svAdhyAya zikSA

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anartha zabda kA abhAva meM abhiprAya hai| binA artha, vyartha, hita zUnya aura viloma rUpa meM abhiprAya hai- haaniprd| ataH jo kArya apane liye hitakara na ho aura dUsaroM ke liye bhI hAnikAraka ho use anartha daNDa kahate haiN| jaise- manoraMjana ke liye U~ToM kI pITha para baccoM ko bAMdhakara U~ToM ko daur3AnA, jisase bacce cillAte haiM tathA girakara mara jAte haiM, murgI ko va sAMDoM ko paraspara meM lar3AyA jAtA hai| Ajakala saundarya prasAdhana-sAmagrI ke liye aneka pazu-pakSiyoM kI nirmama hatyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, isa prakAra prasAdhana-sAmagrI ke nirmANa meM pazuoM kA vadha to hotA hI hai tathA sAmagrI kA upayoga karane vAle ke svAsthya ko bhI hAni pahuMcatI hai| bahurASTrIya kampaniyA~ jo svAdiSTa vastue~ banAtI haiM, usase una khAdya padArthoM ke viTAmina-proTIna Adi prakRti prApta poSaka tattva to naSTa ho hI jAte haiM, sAtha hI unakA mUlya bIsoM ganA ho jAtA hai jo artha kI bahuta bar3I hAni yA daMDa hai arthAt anarthadaNDa hai| Aja bhoga-paribhoga ke liye jina kRtrima vastuoM kA nirmANa ho rahA hai una vastuoM ke lAbhakArI guNa yA tattva to naSTa ho hI jAte haiM, sAtha hI ve svAsthya tathA Arthika dRSTi se hAnikAraka bhI hotI haiM, ataH ve anarthadaNDa rUpa hI haiN| yahI nahIM talI huI caraparI-caTapaTI mirca, masAledAra vastuoM ko bhI anarthadaNDa rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ye zarIra ke liye hAnikAraka hotI haiM, pAcana zakti bigAr3atI haiN| AsTreliyA, yUropa Adi dezoM ke vikasita nAgarika svAsthya ke liye aisI talI huI, mirca, masAledAra vastuoM ko prayoga meM lenA ucita nahIM mAnate haiN| ataH inheM bhI anarthadaNDa ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai| ye zarIra ke liye hAnikAraka hotI haiM, pAcana zakti bigAr3atI haiN| sintheTika vastra bhI svAsthya ke liye hAnikAraka haiM, isaliye aba videzoM meM punaH sUtI vastroM ko adhika mahattva diyA jAne lagA hai| jisase inakI mAMga bar3hI hai| yadi anarthadaNDa viramaNa-vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya to ina saba pradUSaNoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| 9. sAmAyika 10. dezAvakAsika 11. pauSadhavrata ye tInoM vrata mAnasika evaM Atmika vikAroM/pradUSaNoM se bacane tathA guNoM kA poSaNa karane ke liye haiN| anukUla pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva se rahanA, unase prabhAvita na honA, unake prati rAga-dveSa na karanA, mana kA saMtulana na khonA sAmAyika hai| isase vyakti paristhiti se atIta ho jAtA hai, Upara uTha jAtA hai| phalataH sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ke prabhAva se mukta ho jAtA hai| phira use tanAva, hInabhAva, antardvandva, bhaya, ciMtA jaise mAnasika roga yA vikAra nahIM satAte haiN| . svAdhyAya zikSA 55

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dezAvakAsika vrata chaThe dizi tathA sAtaveM bhoga- paribhoga parimANa vrata ina donoM vratoM kA hI vizeSa rUpa hai| chaThe tathA sAtaveM vrata meM dizA va bhogya vastuoM kI jo maryAdA kI hai use pratidina ke liye lAgU karanA isa vrata kA uddezya hai| pauSadha vrata meM sAMsArika pravRttiyoM se eka dina ke liye vizrAma lenA hotA hai| isameM sAdhutva kA AcaraNa karanA hai, sAdhutva (tyAga) kA rasa cakhanA hai / vizrAma se zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, viveka kA udaya hotA hai, saMvedanazakti kA vikAsa hotA hai arthAt Atmika guNoM kA poSaNa hotA hai| 12. atithi saMvibhAga vrata gRhastha jIvana meM dAna kA bahuta mahattva hai| gRhastha jIvana kA bhUSaNa nyAyapUrvaka utpAdana va upArjana karanA tathA use AvazyakatA vAle logoM meM vitaraNa karanA hai / jo utpAdana va upArjana nahIM karatA hai vaha akarmaNya va AlasI hai, yaha gRhastha jIvana ke liye dUSaNa hai| isI prakAra jo utpAdana karake saMgraha karatA hai vaha bhI dUSaNa hai| gRhastha jIvana kI sundaratA va sArthakatA apanI nyAyapUrvaka upArjita sAmagrI seM bAlaka, vRddha, rogI, sevaka, saMta, mahAtmA Adi una logoM kI sevA karane meM hai jo upArjana karane meM asamartha haiN| jaina dharma meM tapa kA bar3A mahattva hai| tapa meM 1. anazana 2. UnodarI - bhUkha se kama khAnA 3. AyaMbila - rasa parityAga Adi sammilita haiN| ye sabhI tapa bhojana se hone vAle pradUSaNoM ko dUra karate haiN| udara ko atibhojana tathA gariSTha bhojana ko pacAne meM kaThinAI hotI hai| jisase pAcanazakti kamajora ho jAtI hai tathA peTa meM saDAndha paidA ho jAtI hai jo gaisa (vAyu) banAtI hai, jisase aneka roga paidA hote haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki sabhI rogoM kI jar3a udara vikAra hai, peTa kI kharAbI hai| yaha peTa kI kharAbI tathA isase saMbaMdhita agaNita roga upavAsa, UnodarI tathA AyaMbila se miTa jAte haiN| rUsa meM to sabhI rogoM ke upacAra ke liye upavAsa cikitsA pracalita hai| pUjya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. sA. ne hajAroM rogiyoM kA roga AyaMbila tapa se hI dUra kiyA thaa| AyaMbila meM eka hI prakAra kA ghRta, tela Adi viMgaya se rahita bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, jisase jitanI bhUkha hai usase adhika bhojana se bacA jA sakatA hai| eka hI rasa ke bhojana meM AmAzaya ko anajAIma - jinase bhojana pacatA hai banAne meM kaThinAI nahIM hotI hai| isIliye AsTreliyA nivAsI prAyaH eka samaya meM eka hI rasa kA bhojana karate haiN| yadi mIThe svAda kI vastue~ khAte haiM to unake sAtha khaTTe namakIna Adi svAda kI vastue~ nahIM khAte haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki zArIrika rogarUpa svAdhyAya zikSA 56

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pradUSaNa ko dUra karane kI dRSTi se tapa kA bar3A mahattva hai| isI prakAra rAtri bhojana tyAga, mAMsAhAra tyAga, madya tyAga, zikAra tyAga Adi jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM se zArIrika, sAmAjika, pArivArika, Arthika pradUSaNoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| lekha ke vistAra ke bhaya se ina para yahA~ vivecana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| upasaMhAra- prANI ke jIvana ke vikAsa kA saMbaMdha prANa-zakti ke vikAsa se hai, na ki vastuoM ke utpAdana se tathA bhoga-paribhoga sAmagrI kI vRddhi se| AdhyAtmika, zArIrika, mAnasika, bhautika, pArivArika, sAmAjika kSetra ke paryAvaraNoM meM pradUSaNa kI utpatti prApta vastuoM ke durupayoga se, bhoga se hotI hai, kyoMki bhoga se hI samasta doSa panapate haiM jo pradUSaNa paidA karate haiM aura bhoga ke tyAga se, saMyamamaya maryAdita jIvana se uparyukta sabhI kSetroM meM vikAsa yA poSaNa hotA hai| paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa se baceM tathA paryAvaraNa kA samucita zuddhIkaraNa ho, yahI jaina darzana ke tattvajJAna kA uddezya hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa dUSita na ho, isake lie jaina darzana meM gRhastha dharma ke rUpa meM uparyukta bAraha vratoM ke pAlana kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ina bAraha vratoM meM prathama tIna vrata dUsaroM ke prati hone vAlI burAiyoM va pradUSaNoM se bacAte haiN| cauthe se lekara sAtaveM taka tathA dasavA~ vrata bhoga-paribhoga ko, maryAdita rakhane ke lie haiM jinase paryAvaraNa kA saMtulana banA rahatA hai| AThavA~ vrata sAmAjika paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita hone se bacAtA hai| navamA va gyArahavA~ vrata Atma-paryAvaraNa-zuddhi kA poSaka hai| bArahavA~ vrata sarva hitakArI pravRtti ko protsAhana dene vAlA hai| isa prakAra jaina jIvana-paddhati samasta prakAra ke paryAvaraNa zuddhi meM bar3I sahAyaka hai| -82/141, mAnasarovara, jayapura (rAja.) svAdhyAya zikSA - .57

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arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya kI kAvyazAstrIya samIkSA DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya AgamoM meM AcAra, dharma evaM darzana ke tattva to sannihita haiM hI, kintu inakA apanA sAhityika mahattva bhI hai| jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM ke DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya ne arddhamAgadhI Agama-vADmaya kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana karate hue usameM nihita rasa, guNa evaM alaMkAroM kI carcA kI hai| -sampAdaka _Apta-prarUpita evaM guru-ziSya paramparA se Agata jJAna-paramparA ko Agama kahate haiM, jo aniSTaparihAraka, iSTopakAraka tathA maMgala saMsthApaka hotA hai| pUrNa-prajJa RSiyoM kI vaha amarA vANI Agama hai, jo deza, kAla Adi kI sImAoM ko atikrAMta kara svataH prAmANya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahatI hai| jisameM jIvana kA pUrNa satya samudghATita hotA hai tathA jisake hara pada meM parama maMgala aura ziva kA sumadhura saMgIta sunAI par3atA hai| janma-janmAntara meM sAdhanA-saMlIna, samAdhi-siddha puruSa parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara zeSa saMsAra ke kalyANa kI sAttvika bhAvanA se vibhUSita hokara jaba sAkSAtkRta satya kI abhivyakti karatA hai, to vahI zabdAbhivyakti 'Agama' zabda se vAcya hotI hai| mukhyavRtti se Agama zabda paramavidyA, zreSThavidyA, parAzakti, parAvidyA Adi kA vAcaka hai, gauNa rUpa se zabda saMdarbha yA AtmavidyA ke pratipAdaka graMtha ko bhI Agama kahA jAtA hai| . Agama kI aneka paramparAeM haiN| jainAgama unameM se pramukha hai| jainAgama kI do paramparAe~ haiM-zvetAmbara aura digmbr| AcArAMgAdi Agama zvetAmbara paramparA meM svIkRta haiM, digambara inakA lopa mAnate haiN| prastuta saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara kiMvA arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya ke kAvya-vaiziSTya para dRSTipAta abhidheya hai| upadeza kI tIna paddhatiyA~ svIkRta haiM1. prabhu sammita 2. mitra sammita (suhRd sammita) 3. kAntA sammita ina tInoM upadeza paddhatiyoM meM "kAntAsammita" zreSTha mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki isakI saphalatA nizcita hai| pati kitanA hI bhraSTa kyoM na ho, sadAcAriNI patnI apane mIThe-mIThe vacanoM se samajhAkara mArga para lA hI detI hai,usI taraha kI kAvyAtmaka upadeza paddhati ko kAntAsammita upadeza paddhati kahate haiN|' gIta, saMgIta,

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kAvyAdi ke mAdhyama se diyA gayA upadeza atyadhika saphala evaM prabhAvaka hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jIvana-hita-sAdhaka, sAdhu-saMta, AcArya, dharmopadezaka apane upadeza ko sAmAnya janatA taka pahu~cAne ke lie kAvyabhASA kA upayoga karate haiN| ArSavANI-Agama meM aneka ramaNIya kAvyasaMpadAoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| rasa, guNa, alaMkAra, rIti, chanda, bimba, pratIka, saundarya Adi kAvyAtmaka saraNiyoM kI upasthiti Agama sAhitya meM hameM prApta hotI hai| 1. rasa Agama-sAhitya meM saMsAra-tRSNA ke kSaya rUpa nirveda se samutpanna zAntarasa kA Adhikya hai| vIra, zRMgAra, bIbhatsa Adi rasoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| inakA na kevala vyAvahArika viniyojana hI huA hai, apitu rasoM kA saiddhAntika vivecana spaSTa rUpa se prApta hotA hai| anuyogadvAra meM rasoM-vIra, zRMgAra, adbhuta, raudra, vIDanaka, bIbhatsa, hAsya, karuNa aura prazAMta kA sundara vivecana huA hai| vahA~ rasoM ke krama-vyatyaya evaM mAnyatA meM thor3A sA antara dikhAI par3atA hai| kAvyazAstra ke nau rasoM meM parigaNita bhayAnaka rasa yahA~ nahIM hai| vRttikAra ne bhayAnaka rasa ko raudrarasa meM antarbhUta mAnakara Agama mata kA poSaNa kiyA hai| isa paramparA meM eka vrIDanaka rasa kA ullekha hai, jo kAvyazAstra ke kisI graMtha meM ullikhita nahIM hai| yaha rasa vastutaH saMyama (lajjA) kA dyotaka hai| AgamoM meM vrIDA-lajjA Adi ko indriya-saMyamana ke rUpa meM adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| muniyoM ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM "lajjamANA puDho pAsa Adi sUktiyoM kA aneka bAra prayoga huA hai| zAMta rasa- anuyogadvAra meM zAntarasa kA svarUpa evaM udAharaNa donoM upanyasta haiM pasaMtarasalakkhaNaM niddo samaNasamAhANasaM bhavo jo psNtbhaavennN| avikAralakkhaNo so raso pasaMto ti naayo|| arthAt svastha mana kI samAdhi (ekAgratA) aura prazAMta bhAva se zAnta rasa utpanna hotA hai| avikAra usakA lakSaNa hai| udAharaNa- sambhAvanibigAraM uvsNt-psNt-som-ditttthiiyN| hI! jaNa muNiNo sohai muhakamalaM piivrsiriiyN|| arthAt svabhAva se nirvikAra, prazAMta, saumyadRSTi yukta aura puSTa kAnti vAlA muni kA mukhakamala suzobhita ho rahA hai| yahAM prazAMta (nirveda) sthAyI bhAva hai| saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA Alambana evaM zAMta vAtAvaraNa uddIpana vibhAva hai| dhyAna, svAdhyAya zikSA - 59

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samAdhi Adi kA AvaraNa anubhAva hai| harSa, dhRti, prasannatA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| isa prakAra yahAM zAMtarasa kI puSTi ho rahI hai| AcArAMga meM zAMtarasa kA sundara prayoga milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra sAMsArika nirveda se abhibhUta hokara saMyama-yAtrA meM prasthAna karate haiM ahAsuyaM vadissAmi jahA se samaNe bhagavaM utttthaay| saMkhAya taMsi hemaMte ahuNA pavvaie riiytthaa|| No cevimeNa vattheNa pihissAmi taMsi hemaMte / se pArae AvakahAe eyaM khu aNudhammiyaM tss|| cattAri sAhie mAse bahave pANa jAiyA aagmm| abhirujjha kAyaM viharis ArusiyANaM tattha hiNsiNsu|| bhagavAna ne saMkalpa kiyA- maiM hemanta meM isa vastra se zarIra ko AcchAdita nahIM kruuNgaa| ve jIvana paryanta kaSTa sahana karane kA saMkalpa kara cuke the| yaha unakI dharmAnugAmitA thii| abhiniSkramaNa ke samaya lagAe gae sundara sugaMdhita lepa se AkarSita hokara bhramara Adi prANI zarIra para Akara rasa cUsate aura DaMka mArate the| yaha krama cAra mAsa se kucha adhika samaya taka calatA rhaa| yahAM para nityAnitya vastu-viveka se samuttha sAMsArika anAsakti rUpa nirveda sthAyI bhAva hai, jo saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA evaM vinazvaratA Adi Alambana vibhAvoM se utpanna dIkSA Adi uddIpana se uddIpta, vihAra, saMyama, dhyAnAdi anubhAvoM se kAryarUpa meM pariNata tathA dhRti, kSamA Adi vyabhicArikoM kI sahAyatA se zAMtarasa ke rUpa meM abhivyakta ho rahA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra meM aneka sthaloM para zAMtarasa kA sundara vAtAvaraNa samutthita hai| anya rasa- zAMta rasa ke atirikta zRMgAra, vIra rasAdikoM kA bhI paryApta mAtrA meM prayoga huA hai| "zRMgArarasa" kA viniyojana aneka sthaloM para huA hai| siMgAra zabda bhI aneka bAra prayukta hai- siNgaaraagaarcaaruvesaa| anuyogadvAra meM siMgAra ke lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa donoM milate haiN| siMgAro nAma raso rtisNjogaamilaassNjnnnnaa| maMDaNavilAsa vimboy-haasliilaarmnnliNgo|| arthAt rati aura saMyoga kI abhilASA se zRMgAra rasa utpanna hotA hai| vibhUSA, vilAsa, vibboka, hAsya, lIlA aura ramaNa usake cihna hote haiN| . udAharaNa- siMgAro raso jahAmahuraM vilAsalaliyaM hiyayummAdaNakaraM juvaannaannN| - svAdhyAya zikSA - 60 -

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sAmA saduddAmaM dAetI mehlaadaam||" arthAt zyAmA strI madhura, vilAsa se lalita, yuvakoM ke hRdaya ko unmatta karane vAlA, dhuMgharU ke zabdoM se mukhara mekhalAsUtra dikhalAtI hai| . vIrarasa kA lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa aneka sthaloM para milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA ke varNana krama se zAMtavIra yA tapavIra kA utkRSTa udAharaNa milatA hai| vahAM para do upamAnoM ke dvArA vIra rasa kI mahanIyatA kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai NAo saMgAma sIse vaa|" sUro saMgAmasIse vaa||" arthAt jaise zreSTha hAthI evaM zUravIra yoddhA bhayaMkara saMgrAma ko pAra kara jAtA hai usI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI parISaha samara ko pAra kara jetA bana ge| bhayAnaka, adbhuta, raudra, zRMgAra Adi rasoM kA bhI prabhUta prayoga milatA hai| 2. guNa AtmA ke zaurya, parAkrama, sAhasa, utsAha Adi guNoM ke samAna rasa ke utkarSAdhAyaka evaM aparihArya dharma ko guNa kahA jAtA hai ye rasasyAMgino dharmAH zauryAdaya ivaatmn|" utkarSahetavaste syuracalasthitayo gnnaaH||" __ AcArya mammaTa ne tIna guNoM kI svIkRti dI hai- mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda ye navarasoM se utpanna sAmAjika kI tIna cittAvasthA-druti, vistAra aura vikAsa ke dyotaka haiN|" AgamoM meM tInoM guNoM kA prabhUta prayoga milatA hai| muni jIvana ke akRtrima citraNa meM mAdhurya guNa evaM prasAdaguNa kA Adhikya hotA hai vahIM vilAsa, zobhA Adi ke varNana meM oja vyaMjaka zabdoM kA viniyojana huA hai| mAdhuryaguNa-AcArAMga sUtra meM choTe-choTe sAmAsika yA asAmAsika padoM kA viniyojana evaM mAdhuryavyaMjaka vargoM ke saMyojana se madhurimA kA upasthApana ho rahA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM esa vIre pasaMsie je baddhe pddimoye| jahA aMto tahA bAhiM jahA bAhiM tahA aNto||" arthAt vahI vIra prazaMsita hotA hai jo kAmavAsanA se baddha vyakti ko mukta karatA hai| yaha zarIra jaisA bhItara hai vaisA bAhara hai, jaisA bAhara hai, vaisA bhItara hai| yahA~ uparyukta udAharaNa meM sarvathA samAsarahita padoM kA vinyAsa huA hai tathA ra, ta, ja, ba, pa Adi mAdhurya vyaMjaka vargoM ke sAtha ha Adi ojovyaMjaka vargoM svAdhyAya zikSA - 4 61

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kA bhI prayoga hone se guNAtmaka cArutA kA saMvarddhana huA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM rAjarSi nami ke prasaMga meM mAdhuryaguNa kI atizayatA abhivyaMjita ho rahI hai namI namei appANaM sakkhaM sakkeNa coiyo, caiuNa gehaM vaidehI sAmaNNe pjjuvddhio| evaM karenti saMbuddhA paMDiyA paviyakkhaNA, viNiyanti bhogesu jahA se nI raayrisii||" arthAt indra dvArA vandana kie jAne para rAjarSi nami ne apanI AtmA ko vinata kiyaa| sAkSAt devendra ke dvArA prerita kie jAne para gRha aura vaidehI (mithilA kI rAjalakSmI) ko tyAgakara zrAmaNya bhAva kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara ho ge| jo saMbuddha, paMDita aura pravicakSaNa haiM, ve isI taraha dharma karate hai tathA kAmabhogoM se nivRtta ho jAte haiN| ___ jJAtAdharmakathA kA eka sundara udAharaNa, jisameM devI dhAriNI ke kamanIya rUpa saundarya kA ramaNIya citraNa milatA hai tassa NaM seNiyassa raNNo dhAriNI NAmaM devI hotthA sukumAla- pANipAyA ahINapaMciMdiyasarIrAlakkhaNavaMjaNaguNovaveyA mANummANappa- mANasujAyasavvaMgasudaraMgI ssisomaakaarkNtpiydsnnaa......|" upAsakadazAdhyayana sUtra meM zivanandA ke varNana meM mAdhurya guNa kA ramaNIya upasthApana huA hai- tassa NaM ANaMdassa gAhAvaissa sivAnaMdA nAma bhAriyA hotthA pddipunnnnpNciNdiysriiraa......suruuvaa| oja guNa-jo guNa mana meM utsAha, vIratA Adi ko jAgRta kare, usa dIptipradhAna guNa ko oja kahate haiN| usakA uttarottara vikAsa vIra, bIbhatsa tathA raudrarasoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| dIptyAtma-vistRterhe turojo vIrarasa-sthitiH / bIbhatsaraudarasayostasyAdhikyaM krameNa c|| AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para oja guNa kI upasthiti hai| tapazcaryA kI utkaTatA, saMyamavIratA, vratoM meM uttarottara utsAha kA saMvardhana, rAjAoM ke yuddha kA varNana, duSTa devoM ke dvArA sAdhakoM ko die jAne vAle upasargoM ke nirUpaNa-krama meM ojaguNa kA prayoga huA hai| - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhanA-jIvana meM uttarottara vikasita utsAha kA sAmrAjya vidyamAna hai| jisa zraddhA ke sAtha bhagavAna ne abhiniSkramaNa kiyA thA, usI zraddhA ke sAtha antakAla taka sAdhanA meM lage rhe| lAkha vighna-bAdhAoM evaM antarAyoM ___62 - --- - svAdhyAya zikSA

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ke Ane para bhI ve sAdhanA-samara meM pUrNa vijayI hue| sAdhanA krama meM prApta antarAyoM ko sahane meM mahAvIra kI mahAvIratA stutya hai hayapubbo tatthadaMDeNa aduvA muTThiNA adu kuMtAi-phaleNaM, adu leluNA kavAleNaM haMtA haMtA bahave kaMdisu / sUro saMgAmasIse vA saMvuDe tattha se mahAvIre, paDisevamANe pharusAiM acale bhagavaM riiitthaa||" arthAt sAdhanA-kAla meM lADha deza meM kucha loga daNDa, muSTi, bhAlA Adi zastra, capeTA, miTTI ke Dhele aura kapAla (khappara) se bhagavAna para prahAra karate hue khuzI se cillAte the| jaise kavaca pahane huA yoddhA saMgrAmazIrSa meM vicalita nahIM hotA, vaise hI saMvara kA kavaca pahane hue bhagavAna kaSToM ko jhelate hue dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hote the| ve parISahoM ke bhayaMkara samara ko jIta kara vijetA bana gae, vIra bana gye| vaibhava ke varNana meM bhI lambe-lambe sAmAsika padoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, jahAM ojaguNa kA Adhikya hai| upAsakadazAdhyayana meM Ananda kI samRddhi kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai ditte vitte vicchiNNaviulabhavaNasayaNAsaNajANabAhaNe bhudhnn| jAyarUvarayae AogapaogasaMpautte vichiDDiyapaurabhattapANe bahudAsIdAsagomahisagavelagappabhUe bhujnnss.....|| __ arthAt dhanADhya Ananda-dIpta prabhAvazAlI) bhavana, zayana Asana aura yAnAdi se sampanna thaa| utkRSTa suvarNa evaM cAMdI, sikke Adi pracura dhana kA svAmI thaa| Ayoga- prayoga sampravRtta-vyAvasAyika dRSTi se vaha dhana ke samyaga viniyoga aura prayoga meM, nItipUrvaka dravyopArjana meM saMlagna thaa| usake yahA~ bhojana kara cukane ke bAda bhI bahuta se khAdya padArtha bacate the| usake ghara meM bahuta se naukara, naukarAniyA~, gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, bakariyA~ Adi thiiN| bIbhatsa aura raudra rasoM meM ojaguNa kA Adhikya hotA hai| AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para bIbhatsa aura raudra rasa kI upasthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| upAsakadazAsUtra meM kAmadeva, culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka Adi ke jIvana meM bIbhatsa evaM raudrarasoM kI upasthiti se,oja guNa kI vidyamAnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| prasAda guNa- isake AdhAra rUpa meM citta kA vyApakatva sannihita hai| zravaNa mAtra se hI jo racanA citta meM sahaja rUpa se vyApta ho jAe use prasAda guNa kahate haiN| AcArya mammaTa kahate haiM ki sUkhe IMdhana meM agni ke sadRza yA dhule vastra meM svaccha jala svAdhyAya zikSA 63

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22 ke samAna jo sahasA citta meM vyApta ho jAe, vaha sabhI rasoM aura racanAoM meM rahane vAlA prasAda guNa hai| zuSke dhanAgnivat svacchajalavatsahasaiva yaH / vyApnotyanyat prasAdo'sau sarvatra vihitsthitiH|| isameM aise zabda prayukta hote haiM, jinake zravaNa mAtra se hI artha kI pratIti hone lagatI hai| saralatA, sarvajanasulabhatA tathA sahajagrAhyatA Adi prasAda guNa kA vaiziSTya hai| Agama-sAhitya meM prasAda guNa kA hI sAmrAjya vidyamAna hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM AtmA ke svarUpa varNana meM prasAda kA vilAsa avalokanIya hai sabve sarA nniytteNti| takkA jattha Na vijji| maI tattha Na gaahiyaa| uvamA Na vijje| apayassa payaM nntthi| se Na sadde, Na rUve, Na gaMdhe, Na rase, Na phaase.....|| arthAt sabhI svara vahA~ se lauTa jAte haiM (AtmA zabdagrAhya nahIM hai) tarka bhI use nahIM pakar3a sakate (tarkagrAhya nahIM hai) mati bhI nahIM jA sakatI hai, usakI koI upamA nahIM hai| usakA bodhaka koI pada nahIM hai| vaha na zabda hai, na rUpa hai, na gaMdha hai, na rasa hai, na sparza hai| arthAt vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| upAsakadazAdhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura sudharmA svAmI ke varNana meM prasAda guNa kI ramaNIyatA dRggocara ho rahI hai| prathama adhyayana meM Arya sudharmA svAmI kA varNana hai, usake bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra kA / Arya sudharmAsvAmI ke varNanaviSayaka prasaMga prasAda guNa kI prasannatA se parivyApta haiM samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtevAsI ajja suhamme nAma there jAtisaMpaNNe, kulasaMpaNNe, balasaMpaNNe, rUvasaMpaNNe, viNayasaMpaNNe, nANasaMpaNNe, daMsaNasaMpaNNe, carittasaMpaNNe, lajjAsaMpaNNe, lAghavasaMpaNNe, oyaMsI, teyaMsI, vaccaMsI, jasaMsI, jiyakohe, jiyamANe, jiyamAe, jiyalohe, jiyaNidde, jiidie jiyaparIsahe, jIviyAsamaraNa- bhayavippamukke, tavappahANe, gunnpphaanne.....uvaagcchi||" isa prasaMga meM Arya sudharmA svAmI ke cAritrika guNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhagavAna ke utkRSTa cAritra kA samutthApaka saMdarbha avalokanIya haisamaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM jAva AigareNaM titthagareNaM, sayaMsaMbuddheNaM, - svAdhyAya zikSA

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purisuttameNaM, purisasIheNaM, purisavarapuMDarIeNaM, purisavaragaMdhahatthieNaM, loguttameNaM, loganAheNaM, logapaiveNaM, logaphajjoyagareNaM.....tAraeNaM sAsayaM tthaannmuvgennN|" 3. alaMkAra __alaMkAra sAhitya kA prANa hai| alaMkAra viniyojana se kathana meM cArutA, abhivyakti meM prabhaviSNutA Adi kA saMvarddhana hotA hai| jisake dvArA sAhityika kathana kI bAhyazobhA kA saMvarddhana hotA hai, use alaMkAra kahate haiN| AcArya mammaTa ne likhA upakurvanti taM santaM ye'DagadvAreNa jaatucit| hArAdivadala kArAste 'nu phAsopamAdayaH / / __ arthAt jo zabdArtha sAhitya kI zobhA kA saMvardhana karate haiM, ve zarIra zobhA saMvarddhaka hAra AbhUSaNoM ke samAna anuprAsa, upamAdi alaMkAra haiN| paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne vyaMgya kI ramaNIyatA ko bar3hAne vAle ko alaMkAra kahA hai kAvyAtmano vyaMgyasya ramaNIyatAprayojakA alNkaaraaH|" alaMkAra prayoga kA mukhya prayojana hai- zobhAsaMvarddhana varNana-vaiziSTaya kA prtipaadn| Agama-sAhitya meM prabhUta mAtrA meM alaMkAroM kA viniyojana huA hai| isameM zleSa, anuprAsa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, kAvyaliMga, dIpaka, parikara, svabhAvokti, vibhAvanA, vizeSokti, virodha, ananvaya Adi aneka alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| kucha pramukha alaMkAroM kA nirdezana adhovinyasta hai| anuprAsa- AgamoM meM anuprAsa alaMkAra kA prabhUta prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga meM aneka sthaloM para anuprAsa kA saundarya nRtya karatA parilakSita hotA hai| imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNa-mANaNa-pUyaNAe jAimaraNa-moyaNAe dukkhpddighaayhe| saMyamI puruSa kA varNana karate hue RSi kahatA haisaM vasumaM sabasamannAgayapaNNANeNaM appANeNaM akaraNijja pAvaM kmm|" yahAM para "paNNANeNaM appANeNaM" meM anuprAsa alaMkAra hai| lokasAra nAmaka adhyayana meM zakti ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra ke manuSya batAye haiN| vahA~ anuprAsa kA sundara vilAsa draSTavya hai___ je punbulAI No pcchaannivaaii| je puvabuTThAI pcchaannivaaii| je No pubbuTThAI No pcchaannivaaii|| svAdhyAya zikSA - - - 65

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37 jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra ke pA~cave adhyayana meM thAvaccAputra ke varNanaprasaMga meM RSi kahatA hai esa NaM devANuppiyA! saMsArabhaudvigge bhIe jammajaramaraNAM Na icchai devANuppiyANaM...." upamA-sAdRzya ko upamA kahate haiN| do vastuoM meM camatkArajanaka sAmya upamA hai| AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para isakA sundara viniyoga huA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upamA nAga (zreSTha hAthI) evaM zUravIra yoddhA se dI gaI hai ___NAo saMgAmasIse vaa| sUro saMgAmasIse vaa||" sUtrakRtAMga meM kAmabhoga meM lipta manuSya kI upamA mRga se dI gaI hai| jaise mRga zaMkA karane yogya vastu para zaMkA nahIM krtaa| tathA azaMkya para zaMkA karatA hai aura vinAza ko prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra ahitAtmA anArya azaMkanIya para zaMkA aura zaMkanIya para vizvAsa karate hue vinAza ko prApta hotA hai javiNomigA jahA saMtA......" . AgamoM meM mUrta ke lie amUrtta, bhAva padArtha ke lie abhAva, jIva ke lie nirjIva, manuSya ke lie pazu Adi upamAnoM kA cayana kiyA gayA hai, jisase kAvyabhASAgatacArutA evaM sahaja AkarSaNa dharma kA saMvarddhana hotA hai| eka upameya ke lie aneka upamAnoM kA prayoga utkRSTa cArutA kA paricAyaka hai| anupalabdha vastu kA upamAna ke rUpa meM niyojana kAvyatva-cArutA kA saMvarddhaka bana jAtA hai| thAvaccA putra ke rUpa lAvaNya kA varNana karate hue AgamakAra kahatA hai ki usakA darzana kauna kahe, nAma-zravaNa bhI gUlara ke phUla ke samAna durlabha hai ___uMbarapuppha piva dullahe savaNayAe, kimaMga puNa pAsaNAe?" isameM upamA ke sAtha apatti kA bhI sundara yoga banA hai| kimaMga......meM arthApatti hai| parikara- AgamakAra parikara alaMkAra ke prayoga meM siddhahasta haiN| sabhI alaMkAroM kI apekSA AgamoM meM parikara alaMkAra kA adhika prayoga huA hai| kisI mahApuruSa-bhagavAna mahAvIra, gaNadhara, gaNadhara-ziSya, sabhA, rAjaprAsAda Adi ke varNana meM parikarAlaMkAra kI zobhA banI hai| eka yA aneka sAbhiprAya vizeSaNoM ke prayoga ko parikara kahate haiN| kAvyaprakAzakAra mammaTa ne likhA hai vizeSaNaiH satsAkUtairuktiH parikarastu sH|" 39 66 - - svAdhyAya zikSA

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AcArAMgasUtra meM parikara ke aneka sundara udAharaNa milate haiN| hiMsA meM pravRtta hone vAle manuSyoM ke lie cAra sAdhripAya vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai aTTe loe parijuNNe dussaMbohe avijaanne|" bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lie sAta sAbhiprAya vizeSaNoM kA prayoga mananIya hai| esa vihIM aNukkato mAhaNeNa miimyaa| apaDiNNeNa vIreNa kAsaveNa mhesinnaa||' upAsakadazAdhyayana ke prAraMbha meM hI Arya sudharmA ke varNana krama meM aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| jAtisaMpaNNe kulasaMpaNNe balasaMpaNNe rUvasaMpaNNe viNayasaMpaNNe...12 isa prakAra aneka alaMkAroM kA sundara viniyojana AgamoM meM utkRSTa kAvyatva kI upasthiti kA saMsUcaka hai| 4. zailI abhivyakti ke prakAra, paddhati Adi ko zailI kahate haiN| padavinyAsa Adi ko zailI kahate haiN| ise rIti bhI kahate haiN| prabhAvapUrNa abhivyakti hI zailI hai| lekhaka, kavi aura kalAkAra dvArA apanI kalpanA meM vidyamAna vizva kI abhivyakti ke sAdhana evaM pAThaka ko saMtuSTa, AkarSita aura mugdha karane ke mAdhyama ko zailI kahate haiN| zailI vyaMjanAtmaka yukti hai jisase bhASA kI zakti kA saMvarddhana hotA hai| AgamakAroM ne aneka zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jinameM pramukha haiM- sUtrAtmaka zailI, caurNa zailI, bhedasvarUpavivaraNAtmaka zailI, praznottara zailI, saMvAda zailI, pRSThAvalokana zailI, maNDanasthApatya, upacAravakratA, kautuhalasaMvardhakA zailI, udAttIkaraNa, manovikAravirecaka, citrAtmaka zailI aadi| sUtrAtmaka zailI meM alpa zabdoM meM adhika kA vivecana kara diyA jAtA hai| AcArAMga isa zailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| se AyAvAI logAvAI kammAvAI kiriyAvAI-AcArAMga 1.1.5 / isa paMcapadAtmaka vAkya meM jainadharma ke cAra stambhoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jisa para jaina dharma kA astitva AdhArita thor paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM 1.1.371 sabjesiM jIviyaM piyaM 1.2.64 caurNazailI gadya-padya mizrita hotI hai| AcArAMga meM isakA udAharaNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| 5. sUkti sUkti sAhitya kI zobhA ko bar3hAtI hai| sAhitya ke AdikAla se hI sUkti svAdhyAya zikSA - 67

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kA sAmrAjya rahA hai| sUktiyA~ sAmAjika-vyavasthA, adhyAtma-zAstra, sAhityika evaM lokatattvoM se saMbaMdhita hotI haiN| sUkti zobhana evaM cAru ukti hai, jisake prayoga se bhASA meM prabhaviSNutA, sazaktatA, cArutA, sahajagrAhyatA, citrAtmakatA, rasanIyatA evaM alaMkArarUpatA Adi guNa sahajatayA samAhita ho jAte haiM / Agama sUkti- koza hai| jIvana jagat se saMbaddha sUktiyoM kA manorama lAsya yahAM vidyamAna hotA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM 1. assiM loe pavvahie (A.1.1.14) ajJAnI vyathA kA anubhava karate haiN| 2. Natthi kAlassa NAgamo(A. 1.2.62) mRtyu ke lie koI kSaNa anavasara nahIM hai| 3. kAmA duratikkamA (A.1.2.121) kAma durlaghya haiN| 4. no ya uppajjae asaM (sU. 1.1.1.16) asat kA utpAda nahIM hotA hai| 5. jaM channaM taM na vattavvaM (sU. 1.9.26) kisI kI gopanIya bAta kA udghATana nahIM karanA caahie| 6. bAlajaNo pagaDhamaI (sU.1.11.2) ajJAnI abhimAna karatA hai| isa prakAra Agama sAhitya meM samasta kAvyapravidhiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / dArzanika krama meM sundara alaMkAroM kA niyojana bhI AgamoM kI kavitva pratibhA kA nidarzana hai| saMdarbha 01. kAvyaprakAza 1.2 02. aNuogadArAiM (jaina vi.bhA.saM. 1666) 8.306-318 03. anuyogadvAra malladhArIyA vRtti patra 126 04. AcArAMgabhASya (jai. vi.) 1.1.17, 40, 71,66, 126,150 05. aNa u ogadArAI 8.318.2 06. tatraiva 8.318.2 07. AcArAMgabhASya 1.6. 1-3 08. jJAtAdharmakathA-(byAvara saM . ) 1.16, rAjapraznIya ( byAvara saM.) pR. 6, sUtra 5 . anuyogadvAra 8.311.2 06. 10. tatraiva 8.311.2 11. AcArAMgabhASya 1.6.3.8 12. tatraiva 1.6.3.13 13. kAvyaprakAza 8.87 14. tatraiva 8.86 . tatraiva 86 para vAmana jhalakIkara TIkA 15. 16. AcArAMga 2.128-126 68 svAdhyAya zikSA

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17. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 6.16-62 18. jJAtAdharmakathA 1.16 (byAvara saMskaraNa) 16. kAvyaprakAza 6.10 20. AcArAMga 1.6.3.10,13 21. upAsakadazAMga 1.3 (byAvara saMskaraNa) 22. kAvyaprakAza 8.70,71 23. AcArAMgasUtra 1.5.6,123-125, 137,136,140 24. upAsakadazAdhyayana 1.2 pR. 6-7 25. tatraiva 1.2 pR.7 26. kAvyaprakAza 8.8 27. rasagaMgAdhara-dvitIyAnana pR. 204, saMpAdita-mathurAnAtha zAstrI, motIlAla bnaarsiidaas| 28. kAvyaprakAza 1.104 26. tatraiva 6.106,107 30. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.1.10 31. tatraiva 1.1.7.174 32. tatraiva 1.5.3.42 33. jJAtadharmakathA sUtra 1.5.23 34. kAvyAnuzAsana pR. 33 35. AcArAMga sUtra 1.6.3.8 36. tatraiva 1.6.3.13 37. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.33-40 38. jJAtAdharmakathAMga 1.5.23 36. kAvyaprakAza 10.183 40. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.2.13 41. tatraiva 1.6.4.17 42. upAsagadasAo-aMgasuttANi bhAga-3, pR. 365 -jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM (rAja.) svAdhyAya zikSA svAdhyAya zikSA - - 69

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Avazyaka saJa zrI pArasamala caNDAliyA AvazyakasUtra meM zramaNa evaM zramaNopAsaka ke lie avazyakaraNIya SaD AvazyakoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isameM pratikramaNa ke vizeSa pATha haiM, jinakA adhyayana zrAvakoM ke lie bhI upAdeya hai| zrI caNDAliyA jI ne sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyakoM kA prastuta lekha meM sAmAnya paricaya diyA hai| -sampAdaka Avazyaka zabda kA artha Agama battIsI meM Avazyaka sUtra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / 'Avazyaka' zabda kA artha hotA hai- pratidina niyamita rUpa se kI jAne vAlI kriyA / jisa prakAra zarIra nirvAha hetu AhAra Adi kI kriyA pratidina kI jAtI hai aura yaha Avazyaka kriyA mAnI jAtI hai usI taraha AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke lie jisa kriyA kA pratidina kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai vaha kriyA 'Avazyaka' kahI jAtI hai| 'AvassayaM'-'Avazyaka' zabda kA nirvacana - gUDhArtha spaSTIkaraNa AcArya maladhArI hemacandra jI, AcArya haribhadra jI, AcArya malayagirijI Adi aneka AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, kintu jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 877-878 meM jo spaSTIkaraNa diyA hai vaha vizeSa rUpa se ciMtanIya evaM mananIya hai| jo avazya kiyA jAya vaha Avazyaka hai|' isI bAta ko anuyoga dvAra sUtra meM yoM kahA hai- "samaNeNa sAvaeNa ya avassaM kAyavvaM havai jamhA | aMte aho - nisassa ya tamhA AvassayaM nAma / / " arthAt sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM hI nitya prati arthAt pratidina kramazaH dina aura rAtri ke aMta meM sAmAyika Adi kI sAdhanA karate haiM, vaha Avazyaka hai| prAkRta bhASA meM AdhAra vAcaka ApAzraya zabda bhI 'Avassaya' kahalAtA hai / jo guNoM kI AdhAra bhUmi ho, vaha Avassaya- ApAzraya hai / ' Avazyaka AdhyAtmika samatA, namratA, Atma-nirIkSaNa Adi sadguNoM kA AdhAra hai, ataH vaha ApAzraya kahalAtA hai| A+vazya, Avazyaka-jo AtmA ko durguNoM se haTA kara guNoM ke adhIna kare, vaha Avazyaka hai| 3 prAkRta meM AvAsaka bhI 'Avassaya' bana jAtA hai| ataH guNoM se zUnya AtmA ko guNoM se vAsita kare, vaha Avazyaka hai / ' guNoM se AtmA ko vAsita karane kA artha hai - guNoM se yukta krnaa| 5

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Avassaya kA saMskRta rUpa jo AvAsaka hotA hai| usakA artha hai- anuraMjana karanA / jo AtmA ko jJAnAdi guNoM se anuraMjita kare, vaha AvAsakaAvasya kahalAtA hai / " 5 jo jJAnAdi guNoM ke dvArA AtmA ko AvAsita - AcchAdita kare vaha AvAsaka - AvAssaya hai| jaba AtmA jJAnAdi guNoM se AcchAdita rahegA to durguNa rUpa dhUla AtmA para nahIM par3ane paaegii| 6 anuyogadvAra sUtra meM Avazyaka zabda ke Avazyaka, avazyakaraNIya' Adi jo paryAyavAcI batAe~ haiM ve isa prakAra haiM 1. Avazyaka - avazya karane yogya kArya Avazyaka kahalAtA hai| sAmAyika Adi kI sAdhanA caturvidha saMgha ke dvArA avazya rUpa se karane yogya hai, ataH Avazyaka hai / 2. avazyakaraNIya - mumukSu sAdhakoM dvArA niyamena anuSTheya hone ke kAraNa avazyakaraNIya hai| 3. dhruvanigraha - anAdi hone ke kAraNa karmoM ko dhruva kahate haiN| karmoM kA phala janma- jarA-maraNa Adi bhI anAdi hai ataH vaha bhI dhruva hai| ataH jo karma aura karma phalasvarUpa saMsAra kA nigraha karatA hai, vaha dhruvanigraha hai| 4. vizodhi-- karmamalina AtmA kI vizuddhi kA hetu hone se Avazyaka 'vizodhi' kahalAtA hai| 5. adhyayana SaTkavarga - Avazyaka sUtra ke sAmAyika Adi chaha adhyayana haiM ataH adhyayana SaTka varga hai| 6. nyAya-- abhISTa artha kI siddhi kA samyak upAya hone se nyAya hai athavA AtmA aura karma ke anAdikAlIna saMbaMdha kA apanayana karane ke kAraNa bhI nyAya kahalAtA hai| 7. ArAdhanA - mokSa kI ArAdhanA kA hetu hone se ArAdhanA hai| 8. mArga- mArga kA artha hai- upAya / mokSapura kA upAya hone se mArga hai| Avassaya zabda ke uparyukta vyutpattiparaka vibhinna artha Avazyaka kI mahattA kA digdarzana karA rahe haiN| Avazyaka ke bheda samyagjJAna Adi guNoM kA pUrNa vikAsa karane ke lie jo kriyA arthAt sAdhanA avazya karane yogya hai, vaha Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka sUtra meM varNita Avazyaka ke chaha bheda isa prakAra haiM svAdhyAya zikSA 71

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1. sAmAyika- rAga-dveSa ke vaza na hokara samabhAva (mAdhyastha bhAva) meM rahanA. arthAt kisI prANI ko duHkha nahIM pahu~cAte hue sabhI ke sAtha Atma tulya vyavahAra karanA evaM AtmA meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi guNoM kI vRddhi karanA 'sAmAyika' hai| 2. caturviMzatistava-24 tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA bhaktipUrvaka kIrtana karanA 'caturviMzatistava' hai| isakA uddezya guNAnurAga kI vRddhi hai jo ki nirjarA aura AtmA ke vikAsa kA sAdhana hai| 3. vandanA- mana, vacana aura zarIra kA vaha prazasta vyApAra jisake dvArA pUjyoM ke prati bhakti bahumAna prakaTa kiyA jAya, 'vandanA' kahalAtA hai| 4. pratikramaNa-pramAdavaza zubha yoga se girakara azubha yoga prApta karane ke bAda punaH zubha yoga prApta karanA athavA azubha yoga se nivRtta hokara zubha yoga meM pravRtta honA 'pratikramaNa' hai| 5. kAyotsarga- dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ke lie ekAgra hokara zarIra ke mamatva kA tyAga karanA 'kAyotsarga' hai| 6. pratyAkhyAna- dravya aura bhAva se AtmA ke lie aniSTakArI ataeva tyAgane yogya anna, vastrAdi tathA ajJAna, kaSAyAdi kA mana, vacana aura kAyA se yathAzakti tyAga karanA 'pratyAkhyAna' hai| SaDAvazyaka svarUpa AtmA ko nirmala arthAt karmamala rahita banAne ke lie pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| isalie pratikramaNa ko 'Avazyaka' jaisA sArthaka nAma diyA gayA hai| pApa nivRtti rUpa Avazyaka ke chaha adhyayana haiN| ina chaha AvazyakoM kA vistRta svarUpa isa prakAra haiprathama Avazyaka-sAmAyika ___ chaha AvazyakoM meM sAmAyika Avazyaka ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| samabhAva kI prApti honA arthAt rAga-dveSa rahita mAdhyastha bhAva 'sAmAyika' hai| mamatva bhAva ke kAraNa AtmA anAdikAla se caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai aisI AtmA ko samabhAva meM ramaNa karAne ke lie sAvadha yogoM se nivRtti Avazyaka hai, jo ki sAmAyika se saMbhava hai| AtmotthAna ke lie sAmAyika mukhya prayoga hai, mokSa prApta karane kA upAya hai| samasta dhArmika kriyAoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hone se hI sAmAyika ko prathama sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika arthAt Atma-svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA, samyag jJAna, darzana ___72 - svAdhyAya zikSA 72

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cAritra aura tapa meM tallIna honaa| samyagjJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa hI mokSa mArga hai| mokSa mArga meM sAmAyika mukhya hai, yaha batAne ke lie hI sAmAyika Avazyaka ko sabase prathama rakhA gayA hai| bhagavatI sUtra zataka 1 uddezaka meM pharamAyA hai ki "AyA sAmAie, AyA sAmAiyassa aTThe" apane zuddha svarUpa meM rahA huA AtmA hI sAmAyika hai| zuddha-buddha-mukta cidAnanda svarUpa Atmatattva kI prApti karanA hI sAmAyika kA prayojana hai| maiM kauna hU~? merA svarUpa kaisA hai? Adi vicArane meM tallIna honA, AtmagaveSaNA karanA sAmAyika hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM saccA sAmAyika vrata kyA hai? isakI paribhASA batAte hue kahA hai "jassa sAmANio appA, saMjame niyame tve| tassa sAmAiyaM hoi, ii kevlibhaasiyN||" arthAt jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama aura tapa meM tallIna hai usI kA nAma sAmAyika vrata hai, aisA kevala jJAniyoM ne pharamAyA hai| "jo samo savvabhUesu, tasesu thAvaresu y| . tassa sAmAiyaM hoi, ii kevlibhaasiyN||" arthAta jo trasa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna mAnatA hai, sabhI prANiyoM para samabhAva rakhatA hai, usI kA sAmAyika vrata saccA hai, aisA kevalajJAniyoM ne pharamAyA hai| ___sAmAyika ke AdhyAtmika phala ke lie gautama svAmI prabhu mahAvIra svAmI se pUchate haiM ki __ "sAmAieNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai?" he bhagavan! sAmAyika karane se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai| bhagavAna ne pharamAyA "sAmAieNaM sAvajjajogaviraI jaNayai" sAmAyika karane se sAvadha yoga se nivRtti hotI hai| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 26) arthAt pApa karmoM se sampUrNa nivRtti hone para AtmA pUrNa vizuddha aura nirmala bana jAtI hai, yAnI mokSa pada ko prApta kara letI hai| sAmAyika kI sAdhanA utkRSTa hai| sAmAyika ke binA AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa asaMbhava hai| sabhI dhArmika sAdhanAoM ke mUla meM sAmAyika rahA huA hai| jaina - 73 . svAdhyAya zikSA

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saMskRti samatA pradhAna hai| samatA bhAva kI dRSTi se hI sAmAyika Avazyaka ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| dUsarA Avazyaka - cauvIsatyava prathama sAmAyika Avazyaka ke bAda dUsarA Avazyaka hai - caturviMzatistava / sAvadya yoga se virati 'sAmAyika' Avazyaka hai| jIvana ko sAvadya yoga se nivRtta, rAga-dveSa rahita, samabhAva yukta vizuddha banAne ke lie sAdhaka ko sarvotkRSTa jIvana jIne vAle mahApuruSoM ke Alambana kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkara jo rAga-dveSa rahita samabhAva meM sthita vItarAga puruSa haiM, sarvajJa sarvadarzI haiM, tyAga, vairAgya aura saMyama-sAdhanA ke mahAna Adarza haiM, unakI stuti karanA, unake guNoM kA kIrtana karanA 'caturviMzatistava' kahalAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM, vItarAga devoM kI stuti karane se sAdhaka ko mahAn AdhyAtmika bala va Adarza jIvana kI preraNA milatI hai / ahaMkAra kA nAza hotA hai, guNoM ke prati anurAga bar3hatA hai aura sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta banatA hai| zubha bhAvoM se darzana vizuddhi hotI hai aura darzana vizuddhi se AtmA karma mala se rahita hokara zuddha nirmala ho jAtI hai - paramAtma pada ko prApta kara letI hai aura vItarAga prabhu ke samAna bana jAtI hai| caturviMzatistava ke phala ke lie uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 26 meM pRcchA kI hai "cauvvIsatthaeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai ?" he bhagavan! caturviMzatistava se AtmA ko kisa phala kI prApti hotI hai ? "cauvIsatthaeNaM daMsaNavisohi jaNayai / " he gautama! caturviMzatistava se darzana vizuddhi hotI hai / samabhAva meM sthita AtmA hI vItarAga prabhu ke guNoM ko jAna sakatI hai, unakI prazaMsA kara sakatI hai| arthAt jaba sAmAyika kI prApti ho jAtI hai taba hI bhAvapUrvaka tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI jA sakatI hai / ataeva sAmAyika Avazyaka ke bAda caturviMzatistava Avazyaka rakhA gayA hai| tIsarA Avazyaka - vaMdanA caturviMzatistava nAmaka dUsare Avazyaka meM tIrthaMkara devoM kI stuti kI gaI hai / deva ke bAda dUsarA sthAna guru kA hI hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavaMtoM dvArA prarUpita dharma kA upadeza nirgrantha munirAja hI dete haiN| tIsare vaMdanA Avazyaka meM gurudeva ko vandana kiyA jAtA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vaha zubha vyApAra jisake dvArA gurudeva ke prati svAdhyAya zikSA 74

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bhakti aura bahumAna prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai 'vandanA' kahalAtA hai| jo sAdhu dravya aura bhAva se cAritra sampanna hai, jinezvara bhagavAn ke batAe hue mArga para calate hue jina pravacana kA upadeza dete haiM, ve hI suguru haiN| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sadaiva rata rahane vAle tyAgI-vairAgI, zuddhAcArI, saMyamaniSTha susAdhu hI vaMdanIya pUjanIya hote haiN| aise susAdhu-guru bhagavantoM ko bhAvayukta upayoga pUrvaka niHsvArtha bhAva se kiyA huA vaMdana karma-nirjarA aura aMta meM mokSa kA kAraNa banatA isake viparIta bhAva cAritra se hI dravyaliMgI-kusAdhu avaMdanIya hote haiN| saMyamabhraSTa vezadhArI kusAdhuoM ko vaMdana karane se karma-nirjarA nahIM hotI, apitu vaha karma-baMdhana kA kAraNa banatA hai| suguruoM ko yathAvidhi vaMdana karane se vinaya kI prApti hotI hai| ahaMkAra kA nAza hotA hai| vaMdanIya meM rahe hue guNoM ke prati Adara bhAva hotA hai| tIrthakara bhagavaMtoM kI AjJA kA pAlana hotA hai| vaMdanA karane kA mUla uddezya hI namratA prApta karanA hai| namratA arthAt vinaya hI jinazAsana kA mUla hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke adhyayana 26 meM gautama prabhu bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchate haiM ki "vaMdaeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayaDa?" he bhagavana! vaMdana karane se AtmA ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? uttara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pharamAte haiM ki "vaMdaeNaM nIyAgoyaM kammaM khavei uccAgoyaM nibaMdhai sohaggaM ca Na appaDihayaM ANAphalaM nivattei, dAhiNabhAvaM ca nnNjnnyi|" vaMdana karane se yaha AtmA nIca gotra karma kA kSaya karatA hai, uccagotra kA baMdha karatA hai| subhaga, susvara Adi saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai, sabhI usakI AjJA svIkAra karate haiM aura vahIM dAkSiNya bhAva kuzalatA evaM sarvapriyatA ko prApta karatA hai| ___ jo vyakti apane iSTa deva tIrthakara bhagavaMtoM kI stuti karatA hai, guNa smaraNa karatA hai vahI tIrthakara bhagavAn ke batAe hue mArga para calane vAle, jinavANI kA upadeza dene vAle guruoM ko yathAvidhi bhaktibhAva pUrvaka vaMdana-namaskAra kara sakatA hai| ataeva caturviMzatistava ke bAda vaMdanA Avazyaka ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| cauthA Avazyaka pratikramaNa ___ chaha AvazyakoM meM pratikramaNa cauthA Avazyaka hai| Ajakala 'Avassaya' kI saMjJA pratikramaNa' pracalita hai| isake kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiN| 'paDikkamaNa' . svAdhyAya zikSA ra - 75

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caturtha 'Avassaya' hai aura saba Avazyako meM akSara pramANa meM bar3A hai| ataH sabhI AvazyakoM ko 'pratikramaNa' nAma se pukArA jAne lagA ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM / dUsarA kAraNa zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sapratikramaNa dharma hai| ataH pratidina prAtaH, sAyaM pratikramaNa karanA sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai arthAt sAyaM prAtaH pratikramaNa 'Avazyaka' kA hI niyata kAla hai, anya Avazyaka kA nhiiN| una samayoM meM jo anya Avazyaka kiye jAte haiM ve pratikramaNa Avazyaka kI pUrNa bhUmikA kI uttarakriyA ke rUpa meM hI prAyaH hote haiN| isalie sabhI AvazyakoM kA 'pratikramaNa' nAma ho jAnA sahaja lagatA hai| vaMdanA Avazyaka ke pazcAt pratikramaNa ko rakhane kA Azaya yaha hai ki jo rAga-dveSa rahita samabhAvoM se gurudevoM kI stuti karane vAle haiM, ve hI gurudeva kI sAkSI se apane pApoM kI AlocanA kara sakate haiM, pratikramaNa kara sakate haiN| jo gurudeva ko vaMdana hI nahIM karegA, vaha kisa prakAra gurudeva ke prati bahumAna rakhegA aura apanA hRdaya spaSTatayA khola kara kRta pApoM kI AlocanA karegA? jo pApa mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se svayaM kiye jAte haiM, dUsaroM se karAye jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye hue pApoM kA anumodana kiyA jAtA hai, ina saba pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie kRta pApoM kI AlocanA karanA, nindA karanA pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa karane se AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa meM AtI hai| vrata meM lage hue doSoM kI sarala bhAvoM se pratikramaNa dvArA zuddhi karanA aura bhaviSya meM una doSoM kA sevana na karane ke lie satata jAgarUka rahanA hI pratikramaNa kA vAstavika uddezya hai| pratikramaNa kA lAbha batAte hue uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 26 meM pRcchA kI hai ki "paDikkamaNeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai ?" he bhagavan! pratikramaNa karane se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? "paDikkamaNeNaM vayacchidAI pihei, pihiyavayacchide puNa jIve NiruddhAsave asabalacaritte aTThasu pavayaNamAyAsu uvautte apuhatte suppaNihie viharai / " pratikramaNa karane vAlA vratoM meM bane hue chidroM ko baMda karatA hai, phira vratoM ke doSoM se nivRtta banA huA zuddha vratadhArI jIva AsravoM ko roka kara tathA zabdAdi doSoM se rahita zuddha saMyama vAlA hokara ATha pravacana mAtAoM meM sAvadhAna hotA hai aura saMyama meM tallIna rahatA huA samAdhipUrvaka evaM apanI indriyoM ko asanmArga se haTA kara saMyama mArga meM vicaraNa karatA hai arthAt AtmA saMyama ke sAtha ekameka ho jAtI 76 svAdhyAya zikSA

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hai| jo indriyA~ bAhyonmukhI haiM, ve antarmukhI ho jAtI haiN| indriyAM mana meM lIna ho jAtI haiM aura mana AtmA meM rama jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratikramaNa jo vApasa lauTane kI prakriyA se cAlU huA thA, vaha dhIre-dhIre 'Atma svarUpa sthiti' meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| yahI hai pratikramaNa kA pUrNa phalA pratikramaNa kI yahI hai upalabdhiA pA~cavA Avazyaka-kAyotsarga . chaha Avazyaka meM kAyotsarga pA~cavA~ Avazyaka hai| kAyotsarga meM do zabda haiM-kAya aura utsrg| jinakA artha hai- kAya kA tyaag| arthAt zarIra ke mamatva kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga hai| pratikramaNa Avazyaka ke bAda kAyotsarga kA sthAna hai| pratikramaNa ke dvArA vratoM ke aticAra rUpa chidroM ko baMda kara dene vAlA, pazcAttApa ke dvArA pApa karmoM kI nivRtti karane vAlA sAdhaka hI kAyotsarga kI yogyatA prApta kara sakatA hai| jaba taka pratikramaNa ke dvArA pApoM kI AlocanA karake citta kI zuddhi na kI jAya, taba taka dharmadhyAna yA zukladhyAna ke lie ekAgratA saMpAdana karane kA, jo kAyotsarga kA uddezya hai vaha kisI taraha bhI siddha nahIM ho sktaa| anAbhoga Adi se lagane vAle aticAroM kI apekSA aviveka, asAvadhAnI Adi se lage bar3e aticAroM kI kAyotsarga zuddhi karatA hai| isIlie kAyotsarga ko pA~cavAM sthAna diyA gayA hai| kAyotsarga eka prakAra kA prAyazcitta hai| vaha purAne pApoM ko dhokara sApha kara detA hai| tassauttarI (uttarIkaraNa ke pATha) meM yahI kahA hai ki pApa yukta AtmA ko zreSTha utkRSTa banAne ke lie, prAyazcitta karane ke lie, vizeSa-zuddhi karane ke lie, zalyoM kA tyAga karane ke lie, pApa karmoM kA nAza karane ke lie kAyotsarga (zarIra ke vyApAroM kA tyAga) kiyA jAtA hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM kAyotsarga Avazyaka kA nAma 'vraNa cikitsA' kahA hai| vrata rUpa zarIra meM aticAra rUpa vraNa (ghAva, phor3e) ke lie pA~cavAM kAyotsarga Avazyaka cikitsA rUpa pulTisa (marahama) kA kAma karatA hai| jaise pulTisa, phor3e ke bigar3e hue rakta ko mavAda banA kara nikAla detA hai aura phor3e kI pIr3A ko zAnta kara detA hai, usI prakAra yaha kAussagga rUpa pA~cavAM Avazyaka vrata meM lage hue aticAroM ko aura doSoM ko dUra kara AtmA ko nirmala evaM zAMta banA detA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke unatIsaveM adhyayana meM kAyotsarga kA phala isa prakAra kahA hai __ "kAussaggeNaM bhaMte! jIve ki jaNayai?" he bhagavana! kAyotsarga karane se jIva ko kina guNoM kI prApti hotI hai? svAdhyAya zikSA -- 77 .

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isake uttara meM bhagavAna pharamAte haiM ki "kAussaggeNaM tIyapaDuppaNNaM pAyacchittaM visohei visuddhapAyacchitte ya jIve Ninyuyahiyae ohariyabharuva mAravahe pasatthajjhANovagae suhaM suheNaM vihri||" kAyotsarga karane se bhUtakAla aura vartamAna kAla ke doSoM kA prAyazcitta karake jIva zuddha banatA hai aura jisa prakAra bojha utara jAne se majadUra sukhI hotA hai usI prakAra prAyazcitta se vizuddha banA huA jIva zAnta hRdaya bana kara zubha dhyAna dhyAtA huA sukhapUrvaka vicaratA hai| chaThA Avazyaka-pratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAna chaThA Avazyaka hai| pratyAkhyAna kA sAmAnya artha hai-tyAga krnaa| pratyAkhyAna meM tIna zabda hai- prti+aa+khyaan| avirati evaM asaMyama ke prati arthAt pratikUla rUpa meM "A" arthAt maryAdA svarUpa AkAra ke sAtha, 'khyAna' arthAt pratijJA ko 'pratyAkhyAna' kahate haiM athavA amuka samaya ke lie pahale se hI kisI vastu ke tyAga kara dene ko 'pratyAkhyAna' kahate haiN| aviveka Adi se lagane vAle aticAroM kI apekSA jAnate hue darpa Adi se lage bar3e aticAroM kI pratyAkhyAna zuddhi karatA hai athavA pratikramaNa aura kAyotsarga ke dvArA aticAra kI zuddhi ho jAne para pratyAkhyAna dvArA tapa rUpa nayA lAbha hotA hai, ataHpratyAkhyAna ko chaThA sthAna diyA gayA hai| jo sAdhaka kAyotsarga dvArA vizeSa citta-zuddhi, ekAgratA aura Atmabala prApta karatA hai, vahI pratyAkhyAna kA saccA adhikArI hai| arthAt pratyAkhyAna ke lie viziSTa citta zuddhi aura vizeSa utsAha kI apekSA hai| jo kAyotsarga ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH kAyotsarga ke pazcAt pratyAkhyAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| ___ anuyogadvArasUtra meM pratyAkhyAna kA nAma 'guNadhAraNa' kahA hai| guNadhAraNa kA artha hai- vrata rUpa guNoM ko dhAraNa krnaa| pratyAkhyAna ke dvArA AtmA ko mana, vacana, kAyA kI duSTa pravRttiyoM se roka kara zubha pravRttiyoM para kendrita karatA hai| aisA karane se icchA-nirodha, tRSNA kA abhAva, sukha-zAnti Adi aneka sadguNoM kI prApti hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke unatIsaveM adhyayana meM pratyAkhyAna kA phala isa prakAra batAyA hai "paccakkhANeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai?" he bhagavan! pratyAkhyAna se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? isake uttara meM prabhu 78 78 svAdhyAya zikSA

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pharamAte haiM ki "paccakkhANeNaM AsavadArAiM NiruMbhai, paccakkhANeNaM icchA NirohaM jaNayai, icchANirohaM gae yaNaM jIve savvadavvesu viNIyataNhe sIibhUe vihri|" pratyAkhyAna karane se Asrava dvAroM kA nirodha hotA hai, pratyAkhyAna karane se icchA kA nirodha hotA hai, icchA kA nirodha hone se jIva sabhI padArthoM meM tRSNA rahita banA huA parama zAMti se vicaratA hai| Avazyaka, Avazyaka kyoM haiM? grahaNa kie hue vratoM meM pramAdavaza yA anajAnapane meM aticAra doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| jaba taka doSoM ko dUra nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka AtmA zuddha nahIM bntii| Avazyaka (pratikramaNa) ke dvArA doSoM kI AlocanA kI jAtI hai, AtmA ko azubha bhAvoM se haTAkara zubha bhAvoM kI tarapha le jAyA jAtA hai| pratikramaNa ke mAdhyama se hI sAdhaka apanI bhaTakI huI AtmA ko sthira karatA hai| bhUloM ko dhyAna meM lAtA hai aura mana, vacana, kAyA ke pazcAttApa kI agni meM AtmA ko nikhAratA hai| Atma-zuddhi ke lie pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| jaise mArga meM calate hue anAbhoga pramAda Adi se paira meM kAMTA laga jAtA hai to use nikAlanA Avazyaka hotA hai| jaba taka kAMTA nahIM nikAlA jAtA hai taba taka ThIka DhaMga se calA nahIM jA sakatA hai| kabhI-kabhI kAMTA nahIM nikalane para pairoM meM viSa phaila jAtA hai aura calane kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai vaise hI samyagjJAnAdi grahaNa karane ke pazcAt pramAda, aviveka, Adi se aticAra rUpI kAMTe laga jAte haiN| jaba taka una aticAroM ko dUra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, pApoM kA pazcAttApa rUpa pratikramaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, taba taka jIva mokSa ke nikaTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| aticAroM kI zuddhi nahIM hone para jIva virAdhaka bana jAtA hai, yahAM taka ki samyaktva Adi se bhI bhraSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ye pA~ca 'AcAra' kahalAte haiN| paMcAcAra kI zuddhi ke lie bhI pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| ___ karmabandhana se chuTakArA pAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki jIva pUrvakRta karmoM kA kSaya kare aura navIna karmoM kA baMdha nahIM kre| pratikramaNa dvArA pUrvakRta pApoM kI niMdA kI jAtI hai, AlocanA kI jAtI hai aura mana, vacana, kAyA se prAyazcitta (pazcAttApa) kiyA jAtA hai, ataH karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura bhaviSya meM karma-bandhana rUkatA hai| pratikramaNa se-"chU pichalA pApa se navAM na bAMdhU koya" yaha - svAdhyAya zikSA -

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ukti siddha hotI hai| ataH pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| zaMkA- jisane vrata dhAraNa nahIM kiye haiM, usake lie kyA Avazyaka (pratikramaNa) karanA Avazyaka hai? __ samAdhAna- Avazyaka meM chaha Avazyaka haiM- sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura prtyaakhyaan| inameM se kevala cauthA Avazyaka vratoM ke aticAroM kI AlocanA kA hai, zeSa kA saMbaMdha inase nahIM hai| kaI pATha sAmAnya AlocanA ke haiM, kaI stuti ke haiM aura kaI vandanA ke| kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna saMbaMdhI pratikramaNa kA aMza bhI bhUta evaM bhaviSya kI Atma-zuddhi se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| isa prakAra vratadhArI aura binA vratadhArI sabhI ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se pratikramaNa kI AvazyakatA hai hii| jisane vrata nahIM liyA hai usakA bhI jhukAva vratoM kI ora ho, yahI samyaktvadhArI se AzA kI jAtI hai| cAritra mohanIya kA viziSTa kSayopazama nahIM hone se vrata na lene meM vaha apanI kamajorI samajhatA hai aura usa zubha dina kI pratIkSA karatA hai jaba ki vaha vrata dhAraNa kara skegaa| aise samyaktvadhArI ke lie vrata evaM aticAroM kA ginanA vyartha kaise ho sakatA hai? use apanI zakti kA dhyAna AtA hai, vratadhAriyoM ke prati sammAna bhAva AtA hai evaM vratadhAraNa kI ruci hotI hai| kaI aticAroM ke pATha sAmAnya haiN| kaI meM samakita evaM jJAna ke aticAroM kA varNana hai, jinakI AlocanA vratarahita samyaktva dhAriyoM ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka battIsavA~ Agama hai usakA svAdhyAya Atma kalyANa ke lie hai| pratikramaNa vratoM kI AlocanA ke sivAya nimna kAraNoM se bhI kiyA jAtA hai- 1. jina kAryoM ko karane kA manA hai, unheM kiyA ho 2. karane yogya kArya nahIM kiyA ho 3. vItarAga ke vacanoM para zraddhA nahIM rakhI ho| 4. siddhAnta viparIta prarUpaNA kI ho| pratikramaNa vaidya kI auSadhi ke samAna hai jisakA pratidina sevana karane se vidyamAna roga zAMta ho jAte haiM, roga nahIM hone para usa auSadhi ke prabhAva se varNa, rUpa, yauvana aura lAvaNya Adi meM vRddhi hotI hai aura bhaviSya meM roga nahIM hote| isI taraha yadi doSa lage hoM to pratikramaNa dvArA unakI zuddhi ho jAtI hai aura doSa nahIM lagA ho to pratikramaNa cAritra kI vizeSa zuddhi karatA hai| isalie pratikramaNa sabhI ke lie samAna rUpa se Avazyaka hai| upasaMhAra ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki Avazyaka sUtra kA jIva zuddhi ke lie kitanA adhika mahattva hai| jIvana meM AI gaMdagiyoM ko dUra kara dene ke lie yaha nirmala 80 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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maMdAkinI hai| isameM pratidina avagAhana kara apane pApa ko dho DAlanA pratyeka mAnava ke lie Avazyaka hai| __Ajakala 'Avassaya-Avazyaka' raTA jAtA hai, kintu usakA marma samajhA yA samajhAyA nahIM jaataa| jisase 'Avassaya' sAdhanA bhAra rUpa hotI jA rahI hai| 'Avassaya' jIvana meM otaprota ho jAne caahie| upayoga sahita AvazyakoM ke karane se nirmala sAdhaka kA jIvana sundara rUpa se vikasita ho sakatA hai ataH Avazyaka ko kaNThastha karake usake dvArA manoyoga pUrvaka nitya kriyA karanA atyuttama hai| 'Avassaya' se hI sAdhaka jIvana kA janma hotA hai, usase hI sAdhanA ko poSaNa milatA hai aura usase hI vaha carama utkarSa para pahu~catA hai| saMdarbha 1. avazyaM karaNAd aavshykm|| 2. ApAzrayo vA idaM guNAnAm, prAkRtazailyA AvassayaM / guNAnAM vazyamAtmAnaM krotiiti| 4. guNazUnyamAtmAnaM guNairAvAsayatIti AvAsakam / 5. guNairvA AvAsaka-anuraMjaka vstrdhuupaadivt| 6. guNairvA AtmAnaM AvAsayati-AcchAdayati, iti AvAsakam / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya / / 7: AvassayaM avassakaraNijja, dhuvaniggaho visohI y| ajjhayaNa-chakkavaggo, nAo ArAhaNA mggo||-anuyogdvaarsuutr -21 bI, muNota kaoNlonI, byAvara-305901 (rAja.) - svAdhyAya zikSA svAdhyAya zikSA - 81

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Agama-sAhitya meM saMgIta kalA samaNI saMbodha prajJA Agama vADmaya meM yathAprasaMga aneka vidyAoM kA samAveza huA hai| tatkAlIna samAja evaM saMskRti kA citraNa bhI AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| 'saMgItakalA' tatkAlIna saMskRti ke eka pakSa ko prakaTa karatI hai| AgamoM meM vidyamAna isa kalA kA kiMcit paricaya samaNI saMbodhaprajJA jI ne karAyA hai| -sampAdaka - bhAratIya saMskRti saMsAra kI zreSThatama saMskRti hai| aneka dhArAoM kA mizraNa lie yaha saMskRti apane Apa meM anUThI hai| kalA bhAratIya saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| kalA zabda zravaNa karate hI 72 kalAoM kI bAta AtI hai| jainasUtroM meM 72 kalAoM kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para milatA hai| ina kalAoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 01. lekhana, paThana-pAThana aura gnnit|' 02.kAvya jisameM porakatva, AryA, prahelikA, mAgadhikA, gAthA, gIta aura zloka . racanA kA antarbhAva hotA hai| 03.ruupklaa| 04.saMgItakalA jisameM nRtya, gIta, vAdya, svaragata, puSkaragata aura samatAla kA antarbhAva hotA hai| 05.mizritadravyoM ke pRthakkaraNa kI klaa| 06.dyUta klaa| 07.svAsthya, vilepana aura bhojnklaa| 08.vividha prakAra ke lakSaNa, cihana Adi kI klaa| 06.zakuna klaa| 10.jyotissklaa| 11. rsaaynklaa| 12. vaastuklaa| 13. yuddhklaa| kAmazAstra meM 64 kalAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina kalAoM meM saMgItakalA uccatama sthAna rakhatI hai| zopenahAvara zilpakalA, vAstukalA Adi se kAvyakalA ko ucca mAnate haiM, para saMgIta ko ve kalAoM kA saratAja mAnate haiN| unake anusAra kisI vastu kA bodha karAne ke lie anya kalAe~ eka-eka kSaNa ko vyakta

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karatI haiM, use saMpUrNa rUpa se vyakta nahIM kara paatiiN| saMgItakalA anya kalAoM kI taraha mAnasika bodha karAne kI anukRti nahIM karatI, balki vaha svayaM kI icchA kI anukRti hai aura yaha bodha karAne kI kriyA isI kI chAyA hai| saMgIta kA mahattva sarvavidita hai| saMgIta tattvamImAMsA aura darzana se utpanna hotA hai, isakA srota avacetana mana hai| saMgIta meM gIta, nRtya evaM vAdya tInoM hI sammilita haiN| saMgItaratnAkara meM kahA gayA hai- gIta, vAdyaM tathA nRtyaM trayaM sNgiitmucyte| gIta, vAdya aura nRtya- ye tInoM milakara saMgIta kahalAte haiN| vAstava meM ye svaMtatra haiM, kintu svataMtra hote hue bhI vAdana gAna ke adhIna evaM nartana vAdana ke adhIna hai| prAcIna kAla meM inakA prayoga adhikatara eka sAtha huA karatA thaa| ina tInoM meM gAna ko hI pradhAnatA dI gaI hai nRtaM vAdyAnugaM proktaM vAdyaM gItAnuvarti c| ato gItaM prdhaantvaadtraadaavbhidhiiyte|| saMgIta kI pradhAnatA hara kAla, hara utsava meM hai| prAcInakAla meM utsavoM aura tyauhAroM ke avasara para prAyaH strI aura puruSa nAca-gAkara manoraMjana kiyA karate the| vArANasI meM madana-mahotsava khUba ThATa se manAyA jAtA thaa| uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM ullekha milatA hai ki aise avasara para citta aura saMbhUta nAmaka do mAtaMga dAraka tisaraya, veNu aura vINA bajAte hue apanI TolI ke sAtha gaMdharva gAte hue nagara meM se gujare, jisase saba loga mugdha ho ge| kaumudI-mahotsava para bhI loga gAte-bajAte aura nRtya karate the| indra mahotsava bhI khUba ThATa-bATa se manAyA jAtA thaa| isa avasara para nartikAoM ke sundara nRtya hote, sukaviyoM dvArA svaracita kAvyoM kA pATha kiyA jAtA aura sabhI loga nRtya aura gAna meM masta ho jaate|' AvazyakacUrNi meM rAjA udayana kI ghaTanA ullikhita hai| vaha apane saMgIta se hAthI ko vaza meM kara letA thaa| rAjakumArI vAsavadattA ko saMgIta kI zikSA dete-dete prema meM par3a use bhagA le aayaa| sindhu sauvIra ke rAjA udrAyaNa bhI acche saMgItajJa the| ve vINA bajAte evaM rAnI nRtya karatI thii| jaina AgamoM ke aMga caudaha pUrvo meM eka pUrva svaraprAbhRta thA, jisameM vistAra se svara evaM alaMkAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA thaa| Aja yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI isakA adhyayana bharata aura vizAkhila Adi granthoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo svAdhyAya zikSA - 83

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10 pUrvoM ke AdhAra para likhe gae batAye jAte haiN|' sthAnAMgasUtra svara kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM sAta svara ( SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata, niSAda) sAta svaroM ke sAta svarasthAna jihA kA agrabhAga, urasthala, kaNTha, jihA kA madhya bhAga, nAsA, danta - oSTha saMyoga, sira, sAta jIva nizrita- mayUra, kukkuTa, haMsa, gavelaka, goyala, krauMca, hAthI, sAta ajIvanizrita svara- mRdaMga, gomukhI, zaMkha, jhallarI, godhikA, Dhola, mahAbherI varNita hai / " sAta svaroM ke sAta svaralakSaNa batAye gaye haiM 2 1. SaDjasvaravAlA AjIvikA prApta karatA hai, usakA prayatna vyartha nahIM jaataa| usake gAyeM, mitra aura putra hote haiN| vaha striyoM ko priya hotA hai| 2. RSabhasvarayukta manuSya aizvarya, senApatitva, dhana, vastra, gandha, AbhUSaNa, strI, zayana aura Asana ko prApta karatA hai / 3. gAndhArasvara vAlA manuSya gAne meM kuzala, vAditra - vRttivAlA, kalAnipuNa, kavi, prAjJa aura aneka zAstroM kA pAragAmI hotA hai| 4. madhyamasvarasampanna puruSa sukha se khAtA, pItA, jItA aura dAna detA hai| 5. paMcamasvaravAlA puruSa bhUmipAla, zUravIra, saMgrAhaka aura aneka gaNoM kA nAyaka hotA hai| 6. dhaivatasvarayukta manuSya kalahapriya, pakSiyoM ko mArane vAlA, hiraNa, zUkara aura macchI mArane vAlA hotA hai| 7. niSAdasvaravAlA puruSa cANDAla, vadhika, mukkebAja, go-ghAtaka, cora aura aneka prakAra ke pApa karane vAlA hotA hai| ina sAta svaroM ke tIna grAma kahe haiM - SaDja, madhyama aura gAndhAra | SaDjagrAma, madhyama aura gAndhAragrAma kI sAta-sAta mUrcchanAe~, sAtoM svara kI yoni, utpatti sthala, zvAsocchvAsa meM gAyA jAne vAlA caraNa, gIta kA AkAra, gIta ke chaha doSa, ATha guNa, tIna vRtta aura do bhaNitiyoM kA vistRta varNana sthAnAMga sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai / " inheM jAnane vAlA vyakti hI raMgamaMca para gA sakatA hai| isI prasaMga meM gIta gAne vAlI striyoM ke lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- zyAma strI madhura gIta gAtI hai, kAlI strI khara aura kakSa, kezI strI catura, kANI strI vilamba, aMdhI strI druta aura piMgalA strI visvara gIta gAtI hai / " saptasvarasIbhara kI vyAkhyA sthAnAMga sUtra kA vizeSa AkarSaNa hai|' 15 16 84 svAdhyAya zikSA

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dasaveM aMga praznavyAkaraNa meM bhI carcA milatI hai| aba hama vAdyoM kI carcA Agamika saMdarbha meM kreNge| aneka prakAra ke vAdyoM kA ullekha jaina sUtroM meM upalabdha hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM tata (tantuvAdya-jaise vINA), vitata (mar3he hue vAdya-jaise paTaha Adi), ghana (kAMsyatAla Adi), jhusira (phUMka se bajAye jAne vAle vAdya bAMsurI Adi) nAmaka cAra prakAra ke vAdya batAye gaye haiN|" rAjapraznIya meM aneka prakAra ke vAdyoM kI carcA hai| sUryAbha deva AmalakappA nagarI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzanArtha AyA to usane aneka prakAra ke vAdyoM kI vaikriyazakti se racanA kI- zaMkha, zRMga, zRMgikA, kharamuhI, peyA, piripirikA, paNava, paTala, bhaMbhA, horaMbhA, bherI, jhallarI", dundubhi", muraja, mRdaMga, naMdImRdaMga, AliMga', kustuMba, gomukhI, mardala', vINA, vipaMcI, vallakI, citravINA, baddhIsa, sughoSA, naMdighoSA, bhrAmarI, SaDbhrAmarI, karavAdanI, tUNA, tumbavINA, AmoTa, jhaMjhA, nakula, mukunda, huDukkA, vicikkI, karaTA', DiMDibha, kiNita, kaDaMba, dardara, dardarikA, kalazikA, mahuyA, tala, tAla, kAMsyatAla, riMgisikA, lattiyA, magarikA, zizumArikA, vaMza, veNu, vAlI, parili aura baddhaka / vAdyoM kI saMkhyA meM matabheda hai| mUlapATha meM saMkhyA 46 hai aura pAThAnusAra saMkhyA 56 hai| isa para TIkAkAra ne isa bhinnatA kA samanvaya kiyA hai| AcArAMga meM kirikiriyA vAdya kA varNana hai", jo bAMsa Adi kI lakar3I se banA huA hotA thaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM 'kukkayaya' aura 'veNupalAziya' bAMsuriyoM kA varNana hai, jo dAMtoM meM bAyeM hAtha se pakar3akara vINA kI bhAMti dAyeM hAtha se bajAI jAtI thii| bhagavatIsUtra kI TIkA meM jIvAbhigama", jambUdvIpaprajJapti", nizIthasUtra Adi meM bhI aneka vAdyoM kA ullekha hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM bAraha vAdyoM kA ullekha hai|" rAmAyaNa" aura mahAbhArata meM bhI maDDaka, paTaha Adi vAdya varNita haiN| bharata ke nATyazAstra meM, tatavAdyoM meM, vipaMcI aura citrA ko mukhya aura kacchapI evaM ghoSakA ko unakA aMga mAnA hai| citravINA kI sAta taMtriyA thI, vipaMcI meM nau taMtriyA thiiN| ye kramazaH hAtha aura koNa se bajAyI jAtI thii|" saMgItadAmodara meM tata ke 26 prakAra batAye haiN|" AyAracUlA aura nizItha meM tata ke antargata ATha vAdya Ate haiN| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM vividha vAdyoM kI vividha evaM vistRta carcAyeM haiN| svAdhyAya zikSA -- - 85

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aba nATaka ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kI jA rahI hai| sthAnAMga meM cAra prakAra ke nATyoM kA varNana milatA hai- aMcita, ribhita, ArabhaTa, bhasolA" isI se milatA-julatA zabda karNa bharatanATyazAstra meM upalabdha hotA hai| karNa kA artha haiaMga aura pratyaMga kI kriyAoM ko eka sAtha krnaa| aMcita ko teIsavA~ karNa mAnA gayA hai|" rAjapraznIya meM yaha paccIsavA~ bheda mAnA gayA hai| ribhita ke bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| ArabhaTa- mAyA, indrajAla, saMgrAma, krodha, uddhAMta prabhRti ceSTAoM se yukta tathA vadha, baMdhana Adi se uddhata nATaka ArabhaTI hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM isake cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN|" rAjapraznIya meM ArabhaTa ko nATyabheda kA aThArahavAM prakAra mAnA gayA hai| bhasola ko rAjapraznIya meM unatIsavAM prakAra mAnA gayA hai| ina sabake alAvA rAjapraznIya sUtra meM battIsa prakAra kI nATyavidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA devakumAroM aura devakumAriyoM ko nATyavidhi ke pradarzana kI AjJA diye jAne para ve bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA anya zramaNa nirgranthoM ke samakSa battIsa nATya dikhalAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM nATakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| brahmadatta cakravartI ke padAsIna hone ke samaya naTa madhukarIgIti nAmaka nATyavidhi pradarzita karatA hai| saudharma indra ke samakSa sudharmA sabhA meM 'saudAminI' nATaka karane kA bhI ullekha vahA~ prApta hotA hai|" naTa strI kA veza dhAraNa karake nRtya karate the|" rAsa (rAsapekkhaNa) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| _ niSkarSataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMgItakalA kA varNana jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| jaina vAGmaya meM aneka dhvaniyoM evaM gAyana zailiyoM kI carcA hai| Aja apekSA hai ki saMskRti vibhAga isa viSaya para dhyAna dekara anveSaNa, zodha kare jisase aneka naye tathya udghATita hoM evaM Adhunika saMgIta meM unheM jor3akara use gauravapUrNa banAyA jA ske| saMdarbha 01. jJAtadharmakathA 1, pRSTha 29, samavAyAMga pR.77-a, aupapAtika sUtra 40, pR.186, rAjapraznIya 211, jambUdvIpaprajJapti 2, pR. 136 aadi| 02. khela-khela meM (vaTTehiM ramateNa) akSarajJAna aura gaNita sikhAne kA ullekha milatA hai| pR.553 - Avazyaka cUrNi 03. kAmazAstra (1.3) meM ullikhita 64 kalAoM aura 72 kalAoM kI tulanA- becaradAsa, bhagavAna mahAvIra nI dharmakathAoM, pR. 193 tathA jambUdvIpaprajJapti TIkA (2 pR.139) 04. saMgItaratnAkara-1.21 svAdhyAya zikSA 86

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05. vahI-1.24-25 06. uttarAdhyayana TIkA 13, pR.185-a 07. vahI 6, pR. 136 08. AvazyakacUrNi 2, pR. 161 09. uttarAdhyayana TIkA 18, pR. 253 10. sthAnAMga 7, pR. 372, anuyoga dvAra pR. 117 11. sthAnAMga 7, pR. 372-a 12. vahI 13. vahI 14. vahI 15. vahI 16. vahI 17. vahI 4, pR. 271-a 18. yaha bAyeM hAtha se pakar3akara dAyeM hAtha se bajAI jAtI hai- zAMrgadhara-saMgIta ratnAkara 6,1237 19. devAlayoM meM bajAyA jAne vAlA maMgala evaM vijaya sUcaka vAdyayaMtrA-vahI 6,1146 20. gopucchAkRti mRdaMga jo eka sire para caur3A aura dUsare para saMkar3A hotA hai vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita, pR. 67 21. saMgItaratnAkara, 1034 22. ise AvAja athavA skandhAvaja bhI kahA jAtA hai|-sNgiitrtnaakr 1075 23. saMgItaratnAkara 1076 24. jambUdvIpaprajJapti pR. 101 25. jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra 64. pR. 101 26. mUlabhedApekSayA AtodyabhedA ekonapaMcAzat zeSAstu eteSu eva / antarbhavanti, yathA vaMzAtodyavidhAne vAlIveNupirilibaddhagAH iti |-raajprshniiy saTIka,pR.128 27. AcArAMga 2.11, 391 pR. 371 28. sUtrakRtAMga 4.2.7 29. bhagavatI sUtra TIkA-5.4, pR. 216-a 30. jIvAbhigama 3, pR. 145-a 31. jambUdvIpaprajJapti-2, pR. 100-a 32. nizItha sUtra 17.135-138 33. bRhatkalpabhASyapIThikA-24 vRtti 34. rAmAyaNa-5.10.38 35. mahAbhArata-7.82.4 36. bharatanATya-33.15 37. vahI-29.114 38. prAcIna bhArata ke vAdyayantra-kalyANa (hindUsaskRti aMka) pR. 721-722 svAdhyAya zikSA 87

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39. AyAracUlA-11.2 40. nisIhajjhayaNaM 17.138 41. sthAnAMga sUtra 4.633 42. bhAratIya saMgIta kA itihAsa pR. 425 43. ApTe DikzanarI meM ArabhaTa zabda 44. sAhitya darpaNa 420 45. rAjapraznIya sUtra 85-110, pR. 52-59 46. uttarAdhyayana TIkA-13, pR. 196 47. uttarAdhyayana TIkA-18, pR. 240-a 48. uttarAdhyayana TIkA-18, pR. 250 49. uttarAdhyayana TIkA-18, pR. 251 -sahAyaka AcArya, jainAgama evaM prAkRta vibhAga jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM(rAja.)341306 88 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA zrI ratanalAla bAphanA jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA kA vyApaka pratipAdana huA hai| ahiMsA jahA~ vyaktigata jIvana ko sukhI evaM zAnta banAtI hai vahA~ jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ke jIvana evaM samAnatA kA adhikAra surakSita karatI hai| prema evaM maitrI kA vAtAvaraNa ahiMsA ke binA saMbhava nhiiN| AgamoM meM ahiMsA ke pAlana hetu mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata kA vidhAna hai| akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha ke adhyakSa tathA sadAcAra-zAkAhAra evaM ahiMsA ke prati sarvataH samarpitacetA zrI ratanalAla jI bAphanA ne isa lekha meM AgamoM meM upalabdha ahiMsA-viSayaka kathanoM kA saMkalana karate hue ahiMsA ke mahattva ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| -sampAdaka duniyA ke prAyaH sabhI dharma-darzana ahiMsA ko saiddhAntika rUpa se svIkAra karate haiN| jaina dharma-darzana kA to prANa hI ahiMsA hai| pratyeka Agama meM ahiMsA kI mahattA va hiMsA ke duSpariNAmoM kA varNana sthAna-sthAna para spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| Aja pUre vizva meM hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya cala rahA hai| AdamI pazu-prANiyoM ko hI nahIM, AdamI ko bhI apane thor3e se svArtha ke lie katla karate nahIM cuuktaa| kahA bhI hai *AdamI kI zakla se aba Dara rahA hai AdamI, AdamI ko lUTa kara ghara bhara rahA hai aadmii| AdamI hI mAratA hai mara rahA hai AdamI, samajha kucha AtA nahIM, kyA kara rahA hai aadmii||" "AdamI aba jAnavara kI sarala paribhASA banA hai, dhvaMsa karane vizva ko Aja durvAsA banA hai| kyA jarUrata rAkSasoM kI khUna pIne AdamI kA, AdamI hI AdamI ke khUna kA pyAsA banA hai||" prANimAtra kI rakSA karanA hamArA parama kartavya hai| parantu duHkha ke sAtha kahanA par3atA hai ki rAma, kRSNa aura mahAvIra kI pAvana bhUmi para lAkhoM prANI pratidina mauta ke ghATa utAra diye jAte haiN| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki isa deza meM rAjA megharatha ne eka prANI ke prANa bacAne ke lie apane prANoM kA utsarga karane kI taiyArI kara lii| dharmaruci aNagAra ne nanheM-nanheM kIr3e-makor3oM kI rakSA ke lie mRtyu kA varaNa kara liyA, usI pavitra vasundharA para 25 lAkha murge, 3 lAkha bakare va 25 hajAra go vaMza kA rojAnA khUna bahAyA jAtA hai| ina mUka, asahAya, bejubAna prANiyoM kI svAdhyAya zikSA 89

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karuNa pukAra kisI rAjanetA ke dila taka nahIM pahu~catI / na rASTrapati, na pradhAnamaMtrI, na lokasabhA, na vidhAnasabhA, na yaha pakSa, na vaha pakSa, koI nahIM suna rahA ina pazuoM kI patthara taka ko pighalAne vAlI karuNa pukAra ko| agara kisI arthAbhAva se grasita ko yaha kaha diyA jAya ki pAMca lAkha dekara apanI AMkha de de, to duniyA kA eka bhI vyakti Age nahIM AyegA / phira kyoM vizva ke 60 pratizata loga ina prANiyoM kA bhakSaNa kara rahe haiN| A~kha, nAka aura mu~ha hI nahIM pUre prANI ko naSTa kiye jA rahe haiN| jabaki prakRti ne hajAroM padArtha peTa bharane ke lie diye haiN| binA AvazyakatA ke dharatI mAtA ke ina sapUtoM kA prANa haraNa kisI dina koI anapekSita upadrava kA sarjana kara de to Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| hamArI AvAja ke eka-eka bola pUre vizva meM paribhramaNa karate haiM, to kyA ina mUka prANiyoM kI cItkAra, karuNa kraMdana pUre brahmANDa ko prabhAvita nahIM karegA? prakRti samaya-samaya para hamAre isa duSkRtya kA badalA letI hai| kaccha kA bhUkampa ho yA lAtUra usmAnAbAda kA dharatI kaMpa, Andhra kA tUphAna ho yA bAr3ha pIr3ita pradeza ho, prakRti apane sapUtoM ke raktapAta kA hisAba rakhatI hai| jisa taraha pAnI va havA jaisI jIvana meM Avazyaka vastueM hameM prakRti se prApta huI hai usI taraha jAnavara manuSya ke sadupayoga va paryAvaraNa kI rakSA ke lie prakRti se prApta hue haiN| manuSya ne apanI buddhi kA viparIta prayoga kara vinAza kA sRjana kiyaa| ghAsa phUsa khAkara amRta tulya dUdha dene vAle ina niSpApa jIvoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAranA zurU kiyaa| jaina zAstroM meM ina prANiyoM kI hatyA ko aparAdha yA pApa batAyA gayA hai| jagaha-jagaha jaina AgamoM meM isakA varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| paMcendriya jIvoM kI ghAta karane vAle ko narakagAmI batAyA gayA hai| bahuta duHkha hai isa bAta kA ki, sadiyoM se yaha pApakRtya calA A rahA hai| aparAdhI ko daNDa dene kI prathA to zurU se calI AyI hai / parantu niraparAdhoM ko phAMsI dekara, bhUnakara pApI peTa kI pUrti karane kI yaha krUraprathA banda karane ke liye bhAgIratha prayAsoM kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki yaha ucita nahIM ki hama apanA peTa bharane ke lie kisI kA peTa kATa deN| amRta tulya dUdha pilAne vAle ina paropakArI prANiyoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra deN| vizva ke itihAsa kI yaha sabase bar3I durghaTanA hai| isakA sabhI ahiMsA-premiyoM ko DaTakara pracAra-prasAra vijJAna kA sahArA lekara karanA cAhie / yAMtrika katlakhAne, mAMsAhAra kA pracAra-prasAra tathA hiMsA ke khauphanAka tarIke jisa druta gati se bar3ha rahe haiM unheM breka lagAne ke lie sabhI jAti-dharma ke logoM ko, jo svAdhyAya zikSA 90

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ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM saMkalpa lekara prayatna karane caahiye| jainAgamoM meM sthAna-sthAna para ahiMsA bhagavatI kI ArAdhanA kA mahattva spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jisake kucha udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta haiM " dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / / " - dazavaikAlika 1.1 ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa yahI vAstavika dharma hai| " savve jIvAvi icchaMti, jIviuM na marijjiuM / " - dazavaikAlika 6.11 vizva ke sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / " savve pANA piAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA / " - AcArAMga sUtra 1.2.3 sabako sukha priya hai, duHkha apriya hai| sabako apanA jIvana pyArA hai| "jaM icchasi appaNato, jaM ca na icchasi appaNato / taM iccha parassa vi, ettiyaggaM jiNasAsaNayaM / / " - bRhatkalpabhASya4.5.8.4 jisa hiMsaka vyApAra ko tuma apane lie pasanda nahIM karate, use dUsarA bhI pasanda nahIM krtaa| jisa dayAmaya vyavahAra ko tuma pasanda karate ho, use sabhI pasanda karate haiN| yahI jinazAsana ke kathanoM kA sAra hai| "jAvaMti loe pANA tasA aduva thAvarA / te jANamajANe vA na haNe novi ghAyae / / - dazavaikAlika isa loka meM jitane bhI trasa aura sthAvara prANI haiM, unakI hiMsA na jAnabUjha kara karo, na anajAna meM karo aura na dUsaroM se hI kisI kI hiMsA kraao| kyoMki sabake bhItara eka sI AtmA hai| 'ajjhatthaM savvao savvaM dissa pANe piyAue / na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvarae / / " - uttarAdhyayana 8.10 hamArI taraha sabako apane prANa pyAre haiM, aisA mAna kara bhaya aura vaira se mukta hokara kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kro| "sayaM tivAyae pANe, aduvA'nnehiM ghAyae / taM vA'NujANAraM vaDDhai appaNo / / " -sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.1.3 jo vyakti khuda hiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai aura dUsaroM kI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai vaha apane lie vaira hI bar3hAtA hai| ataH prANiyoM ke prati vaisA hI bhAva rakho jaisAki apanI AtmA ke prati rakhate ho / sabhI jIvoM ke prati ahiMsaka hokara rahanA caahie| " ahiMsA - gahaNe paMca mahavvayANi gahiyANi bhavati / saMjo puNa tI ceva ahiMsAe uvaggahe vaTTaI / saMpUNNAya ahiMsAya saMjamo vi tassa vaTTaI / / - dazavaikAlika cUrNi a. 1 ahiMsA mahAvrata ko ThIka se grahaNa karane para pA~coM mahAvrata grahaNa ho jAte haiN| ahiMsA ke hone para hI saMyama hotA hai| jo ahiMsA meM paripUrNa hai usI ke saMyama svAdhyAya zikSA 91

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hotA hai| "je ya buddhA atikkatA, je ya buddhA aNAgayA / saMti siM paTThANaM, bhUyANaM jagaI jahA / / " - sUtrakRtAMga, zru1, a. 11, gA.36 jo buddha (kevalajJAnI) atIta meM ho cuke haiM aura jo buddha bhaviSya meM hoMge, una sabakA AdhAra (pratiSThAna ) zAnti hI ( kaSAya mukti yA mokSa rUpa bhAva mArga) hai, jaise ki prANiyoM kA jagatI (pRthvI) AdhAra hai| "mittI me savvabhUesa, veraM majjhaM na keNaI / / " - Avazyaka sUtra vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM ke sAtha merI maitrI hai, merA kisI ke sAtha kucha bhI vaira nahIM hai| " savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, sabve sattA / na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyabvA na parighetavvA, na uddaveyavvA - esa dhamme suddhe nicce sAsae / / - AcArAMga sUtra sabhI prANoM ko, sabhI bhUtoM ko, sabhI jIvoM ko tathA sabhI sattvoM ko na to mAranA cAhie, na pIr3ita karanA cAhie, na unako ghAta karane kI buddhi se sparza karanA cAhie aura na hI unheM azAnta banAnA cAhie / yahI dharma, zuddha, zAzvata aura nitya hai| "savvabhUyappabhUyassa samaM bhUyAiM pAsao / piMhiyAsavassa daMtassa pAvakammaM na baMdhaI / / " - dazavaikAlika 4.9 jo vyakti sarvabhUtAtmabhUta hai, saba prANiyoM ko apane hRdaya meM basA kara vizvAtmA bana gayA hai, saMvaraniSTha use vizva kA koI bhI pApa kabhI sparza nahIM kara sakatA / 92 "ege AyA / " - ThANAMga sUtra 1.1 vizva kI sabhI AtmAe~ eka haiN| "appatsame mannijja chppikaae| " - dazavaikAlika sUtra 10.5 vizva ke samagra jIvanikAya ko apanI AtmA ke samAna smjho| 'Ayatule payAsu / " - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.10.3 c " prANimAtra ko Atmatulya smjho| "pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA / / " - tattvArtha sUtra 7.43 pramAdapUrvaka, rAgadveSa kI vRtti se kisI ke prANoM kA nAza hiMsA hai| " eyaM khu nANiNo sAraM jaM na hiMsai kiMcaNa / ahiMsA samayaM caiva etAvaMtaM viyANiyA ||"-suutrkRtaaNg udde. 4 jJAnI jIvana kA yahI sAra hai ki vaha kisI kI bhI hiMsA na kare / ahiMsA kA siddhAnta itanA hI samajhanA caahie| " savve akkaMtadukkhA ya atto savve Na hiMssiyA / " - sUtrakRtAMga udde. 9 svAdhyAya zikSA

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sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkha apriya hai| ataH kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na kro| "jai majjha kAraNA ee, hammati subahU jiivaa| na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhvissii||"-uttraadhyyn 22 bhagavAna ariSTanemI kahate haiM- yadi ye pazu mere vivAha nimitta kATe jAte haiM to yaha hiMsAkArI kArya mere paraloka ke lie kalyANakArI nahIM hogaa| "bahujaNassaNeyAre, divaM tANaM ca paanninnN| / eyArisaM narahantA,mahAmohe pkumbi||"-dshaashrutskndh 9.17 jo janatA kA netA hai aura jo duHkhIjanoM ke lie dvIpa ke samAna rakSaka hai, aise vyakti kA ghAta karane vAlA jIva mahAmohanIya karma bAMdhatA hai| -adhyakSA, abhA. zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha 'nayanatArA' subhASa cauka, jalagAMva (mahA.) svAdhyAya zikSA 93

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jaina AgamoM meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA sambandha DaoN. rAjakumArI jaina matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna sabhI saMsArI samyagdRSTi jIvoM meM tathA matiajJAna evaM zrutaajJAna sabhI mithyAdRSTi jIvoM meM pAye jAte haiN| prAyaH zrutajJAna ke svarUpa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA jAtA hai ki yaha matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai| lekhikA ne nandIsUtra, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya Adi ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai ki kabhI matijJAna bhI zrutajJAnapUrvaka hotA hai| -sampAdaka jaina darzana ke anusAra matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA sadbhAva samasta saMsArI prANiyoM meM hotA hai| saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM, vizeSa rUpa se mAnava meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ghaniSTha rUpa se saMbaMdhita haiN| eka ora to jaina AcAryoM dvArA zrutajJAna kI matipUrvakatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai to dUsarI ora nandIsUtra, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya Adi Agama granthoM meM matijJAna ke zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ hama pahale matijJAna ke svarUpa tathA phira mati - zrutajJAna ke pArasparika saMbaMdha kI vivecanA prastuta kara rahe haiN| matijJAna kA svarUpa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra indriya aura mana dvArA viSaya ke sAkSAtkAra se utpanna jJAna ko matijJAna kahA jAtA hai / indriyArtha sannikarSa ke uparAnta cetanA kI nirvikalpaka sthiti ko "darzana" tathA isake pazcAt utpanna hone vAlA nizcayAtmaka bodha hI "jJAna" kahalAtA hai / indriyoM ke dvArA vastu kA svarUpa dvitIya kSaNa meM hI spaSTatayA jJAta nahIM ho jAtA / indriya pratyakSa kaI kSaNoM taka nirantara calatI rahane vAlI prakriyA hai, jisameM vastu kA svarUpa kramazaH aspaSTa rUpa se jJAta hote hue spaSTa hotA hai| pUjyapAda matijJAna kA vyutpattilabhya artha spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- "indriya tathA mana ke mAdhyama se yathAyogya padArtha jisake dvArA manana kiye jAte haiM, jo manana karatA hai tathA manana karanA mAtra matijJAna hai|"" haribhadra kahate haiM- " manana karanA, arthAt vastu ke sthUla dharmoM ko jAnate hue sUkSma dharmoM kA Alocana karane vAlI buddhi mati hai|"" umAsvAmI ke anusAra indriya tathA mana ke nimitta se zabda, rUpa, rasa, sparza aura gandhAdi viSayoM meM avagraha, IhA, avAya tathA dhAraNA rUpa se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha matijJAna hai| 723 akalaMka matijJAna kI prakriyA ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- viSaya - viSayI kA sannidhAna hone para vastu kA darzana hotA hai| isake uparAnta hone vAle padArtha kA Adya grahaNa 'avagraha' kahalAtA hai / avagRhIta artha ke vizeSa svarUpa ko jAnane kI

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AkAMkSA 'IhA' haiN| jaise 'yaha puruSa hai' aisA Adya grahaNa hone para punaH usakI bhASA, umra, rUpAdi vizeSa svarUpa ko jAnane kI AkAMkSA IhA kahalAtI hai| bhASAdi vizeSatAoM ke dvArA vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa kA nizcaya 'avAya' hai| jaise yaha dakSiNI hai, yuvA hai, gauravarNa hai ityaadi| nizcita vizeSasvarUpa kI kAlAntara meM smRti ke kAraNa ko "dhAraNA" kahA jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne avagraha kI avasthA ko jJAna na mAnakara darzana kahA hai tathA use pUrNatayA sAmAnyamAtragrAhI mAnA hai| unake anusAra avagraha meM vastu kA sabhI vizeSatAoM se rahita pUrNarUpeNa sAmAnya grahaNa hotA hai| avagRhIta artha ke vizeSa svarUpa ko jAnane ke liye IhA hotI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa avAya meM hI vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa kA grahaNa hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye sarvaprathama jisa zabda kA pratibhAsa hotA hai, usameM isa nizcaya kA abhAva hotA hai ki "yaha zabda hai, azabda nahIM" yaha sthiti avagraha hai| avagRhIta artha ke prati "yaha zabda hai yA azabda" isa prakAra kI jijJAsA IhA hai| isake pazcAt utpanna hone vAlA avAya "yaha zabda hI hai" vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa kA nizcayAtmaka bodha hai| yadi avagraha ko hI vastu ke vizeSa svarUpa kA nizcAyaka mAna liyA jAya to sabhI jJAna avagraha hI ho jAyeMge tathA avAya kI sattA hI nahIM rhegii| akalaMka ne avagraha ko nizcayAtmaka mAnA hai tathA unake paravartI adhikAMza jaina dArzanika isI siddhAnta kA samarthana karate haiN| vAdideva kahate haiM ki darzana aura avagraha meM bheda hai kyoMki inake kAraNa bhinna-bhinna haiN| jisa prakAra miTTI aura tantu rUpa bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ghaTa aura paTa bhinna-bhinna haiM usI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya aura avagrahajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama rUpa bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa darzana aura avagraha meM bheda hai|' darzana indriyArtha sannikarSa ke prathama kSaNa meM hone vAlA saMjJAmAtra kA avalokana hai| isa stara para kisI bhI prakAra ke nizcaya kA pUrNa abhAva hotA hai| avagraha kI utpatti darzana ke pazcAt hotI hai tathA yaha manuSyatva Adi avAntara jAti ke nizcayapUrvaka 'yaha manuSya hai' rUpa nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai| vAstava meM yadi avagraha meM vastu kI kisI bhI vizeSatA kA kiMcit bhI jJAna nahIM ho to usake prati kisI bhI prakAra kA saMzaya tathA usa saMzaya kI nivRtti hetu anveSaNa-IhA nahIM ho sktii| saMzaya kI utpatti vastu kI sAmAnya-vyApaka dharmoM ke jJAta hone para tathA vizeSa vyApya dharmoM ke jJAta nahIM hone para hotI hai| isa saMzaya ke nirAkaraNa ke liye IhA hotI hai . svAdhyAya zikSA * - 95

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jisakA pariNAma vastu ke asvarUpa ke nirAkaraNa pUrvaka svarUpa kA nizcaya avAya hai| yadi avagraha meM vastu kI kisI bhI vizeSatA kA kiMcit bhI jJAna nahIM huA ho to vaha pUrNatayA ajJAta hogI tathA ajJAta vastu ke prati kisI bhI prakAra kA saMzaya, IhAdi saMbhava nahIM hai| zrutajJAna kI matipUrvakatA akalaMka zrutajJAna kI matipUrvakatA tathA mAnasikatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- indriya tathA mana kA avalambana lekara pahale jAne gaye padArtha meM mana kI pradhAnatA se hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| IhAdi ke mana nimittaka hone ke kAraNa zrutajJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki unakA viSaya avagRhIta padArtha hI hotA hai, jabaki zrutajJAna navInatA liye hue hotA hai| eka ghaTa ko indriya tathA mana ke dvArA "yaha ghaTa hai", isa prakAra nizcita karane ke uparAnta jo pahale nahIM jAne gaye tajjAtIya tathA dezakAlAdi kI dRSTi se vilakSaNa aneka ghaToM ko jAnatA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai, athavA eka artha kA aneka prakAra se prarUpaNa karanA zrutajJAna hai, indriya aura mana ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnakara unakA sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, antara, kAla, alpabahutvAdi aneka prakAra se prarUpaNa karanA zrutajJAna hai athavA zrutajJAna indriya aura mana dvArA gRhIta agRhIta paryAya vAle zabda aura unake vAcyArtha jIvAdi ko zrotrendriya ke vyApAra ke binA vibhinna nayoM ke dvArA jAnatA hai|' zrutajJAna zrutapUrvaka bhI hotA hai, lekina paramparAgata rUpa se vaha bhI matijJAna para AdhArita hai| akalaMka kahate haiM ki 'ghaTa' zabda ko sunakara pahale ghaTa artha kA jJAna tathA usa zrutajJAna se jaladhAraNAdi kAryoM kA jo dvitIya zrutajJAna hotA hai vaha zrutapUrvaka zrutajJAna hai| yahA~ prathama zrutajJAna ke matipUrvaka hone se dvitIya zrutajJAna meM bhI matipUrvakatva kA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai, athavA pUrva zabda vyavahita pUrva ko bhI kahatA hai, tathA sAkSAt yA paramparayA matipUrvaka utpanna hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai| matijJAna zrutajJAna kA AdhAra hai| vahI padArtha zrutajJAna kA viSaya ho sakatA hai jise pahale matijJAna dvArA jAna liyA gayA hai| kabhI koI aisA padArtha zrutajJAna kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA jo vyakti kI matijJAna kI sImA se pUrNarUpeNa pare ho| ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha hai tathA matijJAna ke abhAva meM, matijJAna kI vyApakatA ke abhAva meM zrutajJAna kI sattA aura vyApakatA asaMbhava hai| umAsvAti kRta sUtra "zrutaM matipUrvam" kA artha spaSTa karate hue malayagiri kahate haiM ki jisake dvArA kArya ko 96 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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prApta kiyA jAtA hai, pUrita kiyA jAtA hai vaha kAraNa usa kArya kA pUrva kahalAtA hai| zrutajJAna matijJAna ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAtA hai tathA matijJAna kI spaSTatA ke abhAva meM zrutajJAna kA uttarottara vikAsa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jisake utkarSa-apakarSa para jisakA utkarSa-apakarSa Azrita ho vaha usakA kAraNa kahalAtA hai tathA kArya tatpUrvaka hotA hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa mRttikApUrvaka hotA hai, ataH usakI utkRSTatA-apakRSTatA mRttikA kI utkRSTatA-apakRSTatA para nirbhara karatI hai| usI prakAra zrutajJAna kI utkRSTatA-apakRSTatA ke matijJAna kI utkRSTatA-apakRSTatA para Azrita hone ke kAraNa zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai|" zrutanizrita matijJAna aura azrutanizrita matijJAna _manarahita jIvoM meM zrutajJAna hI matijJAna para Azrita hotA hai, jabaki samanaska prANiyoM, vizeSa rUpa se manuSyoM meM matijJAna bhI zrutajJAna para Azrita hotA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM zrutajJAna ko matipUrvaka kahA gayA hai|" ise svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha nandIsUtra," vizeSAvazyaka bhASya" Adi meM matijJAna ke zrutanizrita tathA azrutanizrita ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| zrutanizrita kA artha spaSTa karate hue abhayadeva kahate haiM ki jo zruta ke dvArA niSpanna ho, zruta para Azrita ho vaha zrutanizrita hai| jo avagrahAdi zrutajJAna pUrvaka hI athavA usakI sahAyatA se hI athavA usakI apekSA pUrvaka hI viSaya ko jAnate haiM ve zrutanizrita matijJAna haiN| zrotrAdi indriyoM se utpanna athavA autpattikI Adi buddhirUpa se utpanna jo matijJAna pUrNarUpeNa kSayopazamajanya hote haiM tathA jinameM zrutajJAna kA koI yogadAna nahIM hotA, ve azrutanizrita matijJAna hai| pUrvavartI matijJAna zrutajJAna dvArA parikarmita hai tathA paravartI matijJAna zrutAtIta saMjJI paMcendriya, vizeSakara mAnavIya saMdarbha meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna paraspara kAraNa-kArya rUpa se saMbaMdhita haiN| zrutajJAna kI utpatti matijJAna pUrvaka tathA matijJAna kA vikAsa zrutajJAna pUrvaka hotA hai| kisI vyakti ke kathanoM kA Azaya hama hamAre anubhavoM kA avalambana lekara hI samajha sakate haiM tathA zabdapramANa ke dvArA hama vastu ke naye pakSoM ko pahacAnanA sIkhate haiN| matizrutajJAna kI isa parasparAzritatA ke siddhAnta meM anyonyAzraya doSa nahIM hai, apitu ye bIjAMkura nyAya se eka-dUsare ko vikasita karate haiN| matijJAna prAthamika hotA hai tathA usI ke dharAtala para zrutajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha prArambhika stara para azrutanizrita hI hotA hai| yaha bahuta choTA baccA svAdhyAya zikSA - 97

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rUpa, rasAdi kI saMvedanAeM prApta karatA huA dhIre-dhIre unake viziSTa svarUpa ko pahacAnanA sIkhatA hai| isa stara para matijJAna kA kAraNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama evaM pUrvAnubhava ke saMskAra hote haiN| matijJAna kA yaha vikAsa bahuta hI sthUla hotA hai tathA usameM spaSTatA evaM vyApakatA zrutajJAnapUrvaka hI AtI hai| eka bacce ko vibhinna sampratyaya samAja meM rahate hue anya vyaktiyoM ke vyavahAra ke nirIkSaNa tathA prazikSaNa pUrvaka prApta hote haiN| use anya vyaktiyoM dvArA vibhinna vastuoM ko pahacAnanA sikhAyA jAtA hai tathA isa prakAra vaha vastu ko viziSTa aura adhika viziSTa svarUpa meM pahacAnanA sIkhatA hai| udAharaNa ke liye eka bacce ko eka indriya vizeSa se sannikRSTa padArtha ke rUpa, AkArAdi kA matijJAna azrutanizrita rUpa se hotA hai, lekina "yaha vRkSa hai", "nIma kA vRkSa hai" Adi rUpa se vastu kA pratyakSa karanA paropadezapUrvaka hI sIkhatA hai| kisI kSetra vizeSa meM jaise rogI kA pratyakSa karate samaya athavA kisI kalAkRti kA pratyakSa karate samaya eka sAmAnya vyakti aura eka vizeSajJa ke pratyakSa meM vyApaka antara hotA hai jisakA kAraNa vyakti ke AvaraNa karmoM ke kSayopazama meM antara ke sAtha hI sAtha unakI zikSA kA antara bhI hai| yadi kisI bacce kA pAlana-poSaNa mAnavIya samAja se dUra rakha kara kiyA jAya athavA usakI zikSA para samucita dhyAna nahIM diyA jAya to usake matijJAna kA vikAsa asaMbhava hai| yadyapi vyakti ke matijJAna ke vikAsa meM zikSA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai tathApi usakA samasta jJAna prazikSaNajanya nahIM hotaa| usameM bahuta se jJAna kI kSamatA nirantara kisI kArya ko karate hue athavA gurujanoM kI vinaya, sevA Adi se utpanna hotI hai tathA zikSA dvArA yaha kSamatA utpanna nahIM kI jA sktii| isa prakAra ke matijJAna ke cAra bheda haiM- autpattikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI buddhi| kisI paristhati vizeSa meM jo buddhi vizeSa kSayopazama hone para svataH utpanna ho tathA zAstrAbhyAsa, kisI kriyA ke nirantara sampAdana Adi kI apekSA se rahita ho, use autpattikI buddhi kahA jAtA hai| kisI viSaya meM jo yogyatA guru kI vinaya, sevA Adi se utpanna hotI hai, use vainayikI buddhi kahA jAtA hai| jo kArya guru ke upadeza binA kiye jAte haiM, unheM karma tathA jina kAryoM ke liye prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai unheM zilpa kahA jAtA hai| karma nitya tathA zilpa kAdAcitka hote haiN| inake nirantara abhyAsa pUrvaka jo inake prati navIna jJAna utpanna hotA hai, use karmajA buddhi kahA jAtA hai| nirantara gamana karanA pariNAma hai| sudIrgha kAla taka nirantara AlocanAtmaka jo viziSTa buddhi utpanna hotI hai athavA eka anubhavI vyakti kI svAdhyAya zikSA 98

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viSaya ke prati viziSTa samajha pAriNAmikI buddhi kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra kI kSamatA vyakti meM paropadezapUrvaka utpanna nahIM kI jA sakatI, isaliye inheM azrutanizrita kahA jAtA hai| zrutanizrita tathA azrutanizrita matijJAna donoM hI kSayopazama janya hote haiM, lekina zrutanizrita matijJAna kI utpatti kSayopazama kA sadbhAva hone para bhI paropadezapUrvaka hotI hai, jabaki azrutanizrita matijJAna paropadeza nirapekSa hotA hai| mAnavIya jJAna ke kSetra meM matijJAna AdhArabhUta sthAna rakhatA hai| smRti, pratyabhijJAna, akSarAtmaka tathA anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna Adi sabhI matijJAna ke avalambana pUrvaka hI utpanna hote haiN| mAnavIya jJAna ke saMdarbha meM AdhArabhUta sthAna rakhane vAlA matijJAna svayaM zikSA, paropadeza Adi dvArA arjita zrutajJAna se pariSkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra matizrutajJAna paraspara 'bIjAMkura nyAya ke anusAra kAraNa-kAryabhAva se saMbaMdhita hai| saMdarbha 01. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 93 02. nandIsUtra haribhadrasUri vRtti, pR. 58 03. avagrahahAvAyadhAraNAH- tattvArthasUtra 1/15 ____04. tattvArthavArtika, pR.60 05. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA-251-255 06. laghIyastraya 1/5 tathA usa para svavRtti 07. kiM ca yathA mRttantukAraNabhedAdghaTapaTalakSaNakAryabhedastathA darzana-jJAnAvaraNakSayopazamakAraNabhedAttatkAryadarzanajJAnabheda ityasti praagvgrhaaddrshnm| -syAdvAda ratnAkara, pR. 348 08. vahI, pRSTha 347 09. tattvArthavArtika pR. 48-49 10. tattvArthavArtika pR. 315 11. pUryate prApyate ca yena kArya tat pUrvaM UNAdiko vak pratyayaH kAraNamityarthaH / matiH pUrvam yasya tat matipUrva zrutam zrutajJAnaM tathAha, matyA pUryate prApyate zrutena khalu matipATavavibhavamantareNa zrutavibhavamuttarottaramAsAdayati tattu tathAdarzanAta yacca yadutkarSApakarSavazAt utkarSApakarSabhAk na tasya kAraNaM yathA ghaTasya mRpiNDaH | matyutkarSApakarSavazAt zrutasyotkarSApakarSoM tata kAraNaM matiH shrutjnyaansy| -nandIsUtra malayagiri vRtti, pR. 263-264 12. tattvArtha sUtra 1/20 13. nandIsUtra 46 14. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, pR. 96 15. sthAnAMga sUtra bhAga-1, pR. 50 16. nandIsUtra, haribhadrasUrivRtti, pR. 47-48 -vyAkhyAtA, darzanazAstra, rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, ajamera svAdhyAya zikSA 99

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Agama kA mahattva pAzcAttya jagata ke mahAmanISI DaoN. haramana jekobI, DaoN. zubriga jinhoMne varSoM taka jaina AgamoM kA gaharAI se anuzIlana aura parizIlana kiyA aura usake pazcAt unhoMne ye vicAra vyakta kiye ki ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta va sarvadharma samanvaya ke cintana se otaprota AdhyAtmika jIvana ko Aloka pradAna karane vAlA yadi koI sAhitya hai to vaha jainAgama hai| -AcArya devendra muni jisa prakAra parvatIya nirjhara niIrita hote hue saritA kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara janajIvana ke lie upayogI banakara usakI tRSA ko zAnta karatA hai, usI prakAra jinavANI kI gaMgA mAnava jIvana meM AtmacetanA evaM jAgRti paidA kara jJAna tRSA ko bujhAtI hai| -zrI gaNeza muni zAstrI sAdhaka ke lie Agama kA bahuta bar3A mahattva hai| bhautika zarIra meM jo sthAna netroM kA hotA hai, sAdhaka jIvana meM vahI sthAna Agama kA hai| isalie kahA bhI hai'AgamacakkhU saahuu'| jisakA yaha tRtIya netra udghATita ho jAtA hai vaha pAradRzTavA bana jAtA hai| -saMghazAstA munizrI rAmakRSNa jI mahArAja sAdhaka ko jaba bhI avakAza mile, vaha sUtra aura artha ke cintana kI gaharAI meM avagAhanA kreN| jJAna pArAvAra hai| svayaMbhUramaNa kI taraha vizAla hai / isameM kitane ratna chipe par3e haiM, isakA anumAna nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| isake bhItara chipI sampadA ko to koI nirbhaya gotAkhora hI pA sakatA hai| -adhyAtmayogI A. zrI candanamuni "muttUNa diTThivAyaM kaaliy-ukkaaliyNgsiddhNtN| thI-bAla-vAyaNatthaM pAiyamuiyaM jinnvrehi|| dRSTivAda ko chor3akara zeSa kAlika-utkAlika, aMga-siddhAnta sAhitya kA bAla-vRddha, strI-puruSa saba saralatA se vAcana evaM adhyayana kara sake, isalie tIrthaMkaroM ne zruta sAhitya kA upadeza prAkRta bhASA meM diyaa| 100 svAdhyAya zikSA

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jainAgamoM meM zikSArthI kA svarUpa DaoN. rAjIva pracaNDiyA ema.e.saMskRta, bI-esa.sI., ela-ela.bI., pI-eca.DI. zikSA jJAna-prApti kA pramukha sAdhana hai| jainAgamoM meM zikSA-prApti ko lekara gahana vicAra milate haiN| zikSA ke sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka kAraNoM kA kathana karane ke sAtha vinayabhAva para bala diyA gayA hai| indriya nigraha bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| DaoN. pracaNDiyA ne Agama-vAGmaya ke AdhAra para zikSArthI kI vizeSatAoM kA isa Alekha meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai| -sampAdaka vaijJAnika aura kramabaddha DhaMga se jIva aura jagat kA, loka aura aloka kA, jJAna aura vijJAna kA, AtmA aura paramAtmA kA, jaina AcAra aura vicAra kA, jaina dharma-darzana aura saMskRti Adi kA nidarzana jisa zAstra meM ho, vaha zAstra vastutaH jainAgama kahalAtA hai| jainAgama jainadharma ke unnAyaka tIrthakaroM kI Atma sAdhanA kA navanIta hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthA 556 meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se varNita hai ki jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, vaha zAstra Agama yA zruta jJAna kahalAtA hai| lokAloka meM prANavanta jIvadhAriyoM ke kalyANArtha-maMgalArtha tIrthaMkaroM kI dezanA se bar3hakara aura kaunasI sahI aura sArthaka zikSA hogI, jisameM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya mukharita ho ? saMbhavataH koI nhiiN| yadyapi jainAgamoM kA kainavAsa vipula hai tathApi usameM mukhyarUpeNa jIvana jIne kI kalA ke sAtha-sAtha marane kI kalA kA arthAt janma, jIvana aura maraNa kI sArthakatA kA prAmANika rUpa se nirUpaNa huA hai jisake kAraNa jainAgama sArvabhaumika va sArvakalika kahe gae haiN| jina jainAgamoM meM zikSA ke rUpa-svarUpa para vistAra pUrvaka vivecana-vizleSaNa huA hai, unameM pramukha haiM-AcArAMga sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra, bhagavatI sUtra, antakRtadazAMga sUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra, samavAyAMga sUtra, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra aadi| prastuta Alekha meM jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA rUpa aura zikSArthI kA svarUpa para saMkSepa meM carcA karanA hameM Ipsita hai| zikSA zabda 'zikS' dhAtu se banA hai jisakA artha hai siikhnaa| prazna hai kyA sIkhA jAe? adhikAMzataH yaha kahA sunA jAtA hai ki ajJAna kI apekSA jJAna kA sIkhanA hotA hai| para, jJAna to pratyeka AtmA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| yaha AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, phira usakA sIkhanA kaisA? jainAgama meM AtmA aura jJAna ke saMdarbha

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meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra agAdha jala se paripUrNa svayaMbhUramaNa samudra aneka prakAra ke ratnoM se bharapUra hai, usI prakAra bahuzruta AtmA akSaya jJAna guNa se paripUrNa hotA hai| yathA "jahA se saMyabhUramaNe, udahI akkh-ode| nANArayaNapaDipuNNe, evaM havai bhussue||" -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 11.30 vAstava meM jJAna AtmA kA hI eka guNa hai| astu vaha AtmA se kabhI bhinna ho hI nahIM sktaa| jo jJAna AtmA meM pracchanna hai, ajJAna ke aneka AvaraNoM se AcchAdita hai, una AvaraNoM ko haTAne kI prakriyA kA nAma sIkhanA hai, zikSA hai| jIvana kA sAra hai pragati aura pragati kA AdhAra hai jnyaan| yaha jJAna kriyA se bhI anyatama rUpa meM isIlie jur3A rahatA hai aura anubhava yaha kahatA hai ki kriyA meM hI jJAna kA yathArtha svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| samyak kriyAparaka jJAna hI samyak jJAna hotA hai, yahI mokSa kA AdhAra hai aura isI ke dvArA 'sva' aura 'para' kA kalyANa hotA hai| isa prakAra jJAna ke AvaraNoM ko haTAnA jahAM zikSA hai, vahIM usakA dUsarA pahalU mokSa hai| ... ajJAna AvaraNoM ko haTAne ke lie jainAgama meM svAdhyAya para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| satata svAdhyAya se sAdhaka meM jJAna kA dIpa sadA prajvalita rahatA hai aura ajJAna ke ghere samApta hote haiM, jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke adhyayana 16 kI gAthA 24 meM kahA gayA hai ki jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane se jIva ajJAna kA kSaya karatA hai| yathA ___ "suyassa ArAhaNayAe NaM annANaM khvei|" ajJAna kA pardA jaba haTa jAtA hai taba manuSya ke sabhI duHkhoM kA kAraNa samApta ho jAtA hai aura manuSya duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti pA letA hai| yathA "sajjhAe vA niuttennN| svvdukkhaadimokkhaanne||'' -uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.26 gAthAMka 10 jainAgamAnusAra svAdhyAya kA artha kevala zabda jJAna nahIM hai, pratyata usakA abhiprAya hai- artha samajha kara ptthn-paatthn| svAdhyAya kA jo mukhya prayojana hai, vaha hai manuSya apanI sArI cittavRttiyoM ko 'para' se haTAkara 'sva' para kendrita kare, jisase 'sva' kA svarUpa ujAgara ho ske| jisameM 'sva' jaga jAtA hai usakA svAdhyAya sArthaka hotA hai, zikSA bhI pUrNa hotI hai| zikSArjana kA tAtparya hai jIvana kI samasyAoM kA 102 svAdhyAya zikSA

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nirvikAra rUpa se nirAkaraNa kara sakane meM samartha honaa| kyoMki jIvana eka pahelI hai, jo isa pahelI ko sahaja sulajhA letA hai, sahI arthoM meM vaha zikSA ke marma ko samajha letA hai| nirantara aura niyamita svAdhyAya se eka ora jahAM padArtha kA bodha hotA hai vahIM dUsarI ora bheda-vijJAnAtmaka dRSTi bhI vikasita hotI hai arthAt svAdhyAya rata sAdhaka meM padArtha ke bodha hone para kyA heya hai aura kyA upAdeya hai, yaha soca samajha prabhUtatA ke sAtha pratibimbita ho uThatI hai| jainAgamAntargata AcArAMga sUtra meM svAdhyAyI kI isa bodhAtmaka sthiti ko jJa-parijJA tathA bheda vijJAnAtmaka dRSTi ko pratyAkhyAna-parijJA kahA gayA hai| jJa-parijJA kI sthiti meM svAdhyAyI jJAna grahaNa karatA hai aura pratyAkhyAna-parijJA meM svAdhyAyI sAdhaka bana jAtA hai| arthAt apane caritra ko nirmala banAe rakhane kA satata prayAsa karatA hai| paMcakalpa bhASya meM sampUrNa zikSArjana arthAt svAdhyAya ke lie do caraNa nirUpita haiM- eka grahaNa aura dUsarA aasevn| grahaNa aura Asevana ke dvArA hI sAdhaka sampUrNa zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| grahaNa aura Asevana meM hI svAdhyAya kI pA~ca vidhiyA~ samAhita haiN| yathA1. vAcanA 2. pRcchanA 3. parivartanA 4. anuprekSA 5. dharmopadeza prathama zatAbdI ke bahuzruta kavi tirUvalliyAra ne bhI apanI kAvyakRti 'kurala' meM grahaNa aura Asevana ko hI mahattva diyA hai| jisameM unhoMne kahA hai ki "prApta karane yogya jJAna ko pUrI taraha se prApta karo aura jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai usakA anukaraNa karo arthAt apane jIvana meM utaaro|" isa prakAra svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka bodha aura viveka ko prApta kara 'sva' aura 'para' ke kalyANa meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| jainAgama meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se aMkita hai ki jaina zikSA cAhe laukika ho yA alaukika, donoM ke mUla meM vinaya hai| kyoMki zikSA kA vAstavika prasphuTana 'vinaya' meM hI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke sattAisaveM adhyAya meM yaha ullekha hai ki grahaNa zikSA aura Asevana zikSA do mahattvapUrNa tattvoM meM samAyojita hai- vinaya aura anuzAsana meN| vinaya aura anuzAsana ke abhAva meM koI bhI vyakti yA sAdhaka na to zikSAzIla svAdhyAya zikSA __103

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ho sakatA hai aura na hI bhushrut| jainAgama meM vinaya ke mAhAtmya ko pradarzita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vinaya yadi dharma kA mUla hai to mokSa usakA phl| isa prakAra dharmarUpI vRkSa kI jar3a vinaya hai aura usakA phala mokSa hai| vinaya se hI manuSya ko kIrti, prazaMsA, zrutajJAna Adi samasta iSTa tattvoM kI prApti hotI hai| yathA "evaM dhammassa viNao, mUlaM paramo se mokkho| jeNa kitti, sayaM, sighNnisssNcaabhigcchii||" __-dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.2.2 isalie jinake pAsa dharma zikSA grahaNa kI jAe unake prati sadA vinaya bhAva rakhanA hitakArI hai| yathA "jassaMtie dhammapayAiM sikkhe| tassatie veNaiyaM puNje||'' -dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.1.2 vinaya ko bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM pA~ca rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai1. darzana vinaya 2. jJAna vinaya 3. cAritra vinaya 4. tapa vinaya 5. aupacArika vinaya "viNao puNa paMcaviho NidiTTho nnaanndNsnncritte| tavaviNao ya cauttho, idarao uvayArio vinno||" zaMkA Adi doSoM se rahita tattvArtha meM zraddhA darzana-vinaya, zuddha pariveza meM AtmavizvAsa pUrvaka adhyayana jJAna-vinaya, saMyamapUrvaka adhyayana cAritra-vinaya, tapazcaryA aura sAdhujana ke prati zraddhA tapa-vinaya, guru ke prati Adara bhAva rakhanA aupacArika-vinaya hai| zikSArjana karane vAle zikSArthI ke lie jainAgama meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki avinIta ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura suvinIta ko smptti| jisane ye donoM tathya AtmasAt kara lie hoM, vahI zikSArjana kA adhikArI hotA hai| yathA "vivattI aviNIyassa, sampattI viNIyassa y| jasseyaM duhao nAyaM, sikkhaM se abhigcchii||'' -dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.2.21 vinIta ziSya ke kyA lakSaNa hone cAhie, isakI bhI jainAgama meM carcA huI hai| yahA~ katipaya pramukha lakSaNa die jA rahe haiM 104 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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1. vinIta ziSya Asana para athavA zayyA para baiThA huA hI guru se prazna pUchane kI apekSA unake samIpa jAkara utkaTukAsana karatA huA hAtha jor3akara savinaya apanI zaMkA ko guru ke samakSa rakhatA hai / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.22 2. vinIta ziSya guru kI dRSTi ke anusAra calatA hai, unakI nissaMgatA kA anugamana karatA hai, unheM hara bAta meM Age rakhakara unameM zraddhA rakhatA hai| AcArAMga sUtra 5.4 3. vanIta ziSya lajjAzIla aura indriya vijetA hotA hai / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 5.4 4. vinIta ziSya guru ke dvArA eka bAra yA bAra-bAra bulAne para kabhI bhI baiThA nahIM rahatA, apitu Asana chor3akara yatnapUrvaka unake Adeza ko svIkAra karatA hai| 5. vinIta ziSya AcAryoM dvArA bulAe jAne para kisI rhtaa| -- uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.20 6. vinIta ziSya anantara jJAna sampanna hone para bhI guru kI vinayapUrvaka sevA ke lie usI prakAra sadA tatpara rahatA hai jisa prakAra agnihotrI brAhmaNa madhu, ghRta Adi vividha padArthoM kI Ahuti tathA mantra padoM se abhiSikta agni ko namaskAra karatA hai / - dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.1.11 - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.21 bhI avasthA meM mauna nahIM 7. vinIta ziSya guru kI AzAtanA nahIM karatA hai| - dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.3.2 8. guru komala athavA kaThora zabdoM meM jo zikSA dete haiM, usameM merA hita samAhita hai, mujhe hI lAbha hai, aisA vicAra kara vinIta ziSya atyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka guru se zikSA grahaNa karatA hai / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.27 6. vinIta ziSya kabhI bhI kisI vyakti kA nirAdara nahIM karatA aura na Atma prazaMsA hI karatA hai, vaha zAstra jJAna prApta karake bhI abhimAna nahIM krtaa| vaha jAti, tapa athavA buddhi kA bhI ahaMkAra nahIM karatA hai| - dazavaikAlika sUtra 8.30 10. vinIta ziSya guru ke vacana kI bAra-bAra apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai| - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.12 11. vinIta ziSya guru ke iMgita aura AkAra ko dekhakara azubha pravRtti ko isa prakAra chor3a detA hai jisa prakAra vinIta azva cAbuka ko dekhate hI unmArga ko chor3a detA hai / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.12 12. vinIta ziSya, jisa sthAna para kleSa - saMgharSa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, usa sthAna se sadA dUra rahatA hai : - uttarAdhyayana sUtra5.1.16 svAdhyAya zikSA 105

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13. vinIta ziSya icchA tathA lobha kA sevana nahIM krtaa|-aacaaraaNg sUtra 8.8.23 14. vinIta ziSya skhalanA hone para bhI kisI para doSAropaNa nahIM karatA aura na kabhI mitroM para krodha hI karatA hai| yahAM taka ki apriya mitra kI parokSa meM bhI prazaMsA hI karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra 11.12 15. vinIta ziSya kisI bhI gopanIya bAta ko kabhI prakaTa nahIM karatA hai| -sUtrakRtAMga 1.9.20 jainAgama meM yaha bhI ullikhita hai ki zikSArjana ke lie zikSArthI pA~ca prakAra ke durguNoM se apane ko sadA alaga rakhatA hai| ye pA~ca durguNa zikSA meM avarodha utpanna karate haiN| ina durguNoM ke kAraNa zikSA prApta nahIM ho paatii| kyoMki vidyA kabhI bhI ayogya sthAna ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| ye pA~ca durguNa haiM1. ahaMkAra 2. krodha 3. pramAda (viSayAsakti) 4. roga 5. Alasya yathA- . "aha paMcahi ThANehi,jehi sikkhA na lbbhii| thambhA kohA pamAeNaM rogennaalssenny||" -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 11.3 __ yathArthataH jo AlasI aura pramAdI hotA hai, usakI na to prajJA bar3hatI hai aura na usakA zruta hI bar3ha pAtA hai| pramAdahIna jIvana hI prajJA aura zikSA kA AdhAra hai| zikSArthI pramAda se rahita vinayazIla jIvana ke dvArA apanA uddezya pUrA karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai| isalie jainAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki jo zikSArthI apane AcAryoM-guruoM-upAdhyAyoM kI sevA-suzrUSA tathA unakI AjJA kA pAlana karatA hai, usakI zikSAe~-vidyAe~ vinaya rUpI jala se sIMce jAne ke kAraNa vRkSa kI bhAMti bar3hatI haiN| yathA "je Ayariya uvajjhAyANaM, sussUsA vynnNkraa| tesiM sikkhA pavaDr3hati, jalasittA iva paayvaa||" ____-dazavaikAlika sUtra 9.12 vAstava meM vahI ziSya abhISTa zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai jo priya karatA hai, priya bolatA hai, gurujanoM kI bhAvanAoM kA Adara karatA hai| yathA "piyaMkare piyavAI, se sikkhaM ldhumrihii||"-uttraadhyyn sUtra 11.14 jainAgamAnusAra vahI zikSArthI zikSAzIla kahalAtA hai, jisameM ATha prakAra ke ___106 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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guNa sarvadA vidyamAna rahate haiN| yathA "aha aTThahi~ ThANehi, sikkhAsIle ti vuccii| ahassire sayA daMte, Na ya mmmmudaahre|| NAsIle Na visIle, Na siyA ailolue| akohaNe saccarae, sikkhAsIletti vuccii||" -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 11.4-5 arthAt1. jo hAsya na kre| 2. jo sadA indriya aura mana kA damana kre| 3. jo marma prakaTa na kare arthAt kisI bhI gopanIya bAta kA prakAzana na kre| 4. jo cAritra se hIna na ho| 5. jisakA cAritra doSoM se kaluSita na ho| 6. jo rasoM meM atilolupa na ho 7. jo krodha na kre| 8.jo satya meM rata ho| jainAgamoM meM aise vyaktiyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jo hara prakAra se zikSA pAne ke ayogya yA apAtra haiN| inakI saMkhyA jainAgama meM cAra batAyI gaI hai| yathA "cattAri avAyaNijjA paNNattA, taMjahAaviNIe, vigaipaDibaddhe, aviusaviya pAhuDe, maayii||" -sthAnAMga sUtra 4.3.336 arthAt 1. avinIta 2. svAdendriya meM gRddha 3. krodhI 4. kapaTI jainAgama meM aise ayogya, uddaNDa aura avinIta zikSArthI kI upamA duSTa bailoM se kI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra 27.3-8 jaina Agama zikSArthI ko calanA, khar3A honA, baiThanA, sonA, khAnA-pInA, bolanA Adi dainika kriyAoM kA kaise prayoga kiyA jAe jisase kisI ko na kaSTa ho aura na jIvoM kI virAdhanA ho Adi bAtoM ke bAre meM jJAna karAte haiN| jainAgamoM ne isa bAre meM kahA hai ki zikSArjana karane vAlA apanI hara kriyA ko 'yatnApUrvaka' kare svAdhyAya zikSA - 107

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jisase vaha pApa karma ke baMdhana meM nahIM jakar3a ske| yathA "jayaM care, jayaM cir3he, jayamAse jayaM se| jayaM bhujanto bhAsanto, pAvakammaM na bNdhii||" -dazavaikAlika sUtra 4.8 isa prakAra jaina zikSA pratyeka manuSya ko prAmANika aura apramAdI banAne kA avasara pradAna karatI hai| cAhe vaha manuSya kisI bhI varga, jAti, sampradAya se saMbaMdhita kyoM na ho? arthAt jaina zikSA nIti ke anusAra strI aura zUdra bhI zikSA grahaNa karane ke Arambha se hI adhikArI rahe haiN| ye bhI dArzanika zikSA ko pAkara apane kalyANa kA mArga khoja sakate haiM, mukta ho sakate haiM, apane janma ko sArthaka kara sakate haiN| jainAgama meM varNa jAti ko koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| manuSya janma se nahIM, karma se mahAn banatA hai| karma se hI vaha brAhmaNa hotA hai, kSatriya hotA hai, vaizya aura zUdra hotA hai| yathA "kammuNA bambhaNo hoi, kammuNo hoI khttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kmmunnaa||" -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 25.33 jainAgama meM isakA bhI ullekha hai ki harikeza nAma ke cANDAla ne jainAgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura kAlAntara meM ve guNa sampanna, pratibhAvAna vidvAna RSi hue| yathA "sovAgakula - saMbhUo guNuttaradharo munnii| hariesa balo nAma Asi bhikkhU jiindio||" ___-uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1.12 jainAgamoM ke adhyayana-anuzIlana se yaha abhidarzita hai ki jaina zikSA logoM ko na kevala AdhyAtmika jJAna hI karAtI hai, apitu jijJAsuoM ko laukika jJAna meM bhI mahAratha hAsila karAtI hai| bahattara aura cauMsaTha kalAoM kA, lipi- vijJAna kA, zakuna-apazakuna vijJAna kA, indrajAla, cikitsA vijJAna tathA gRha vijJAna Adi sahita dasa vidyAoM-chinna vidyA, svara vidyA, vAstu vidyA, aMga vikAra vidyA, svara-vicaya vidyA, bhauma vidyA, antarikSa vidyA, svapna vidyA, lakSaNa vidyA tathA daNDa vidyA kA parijJAna karAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jaina zikSA kA yogadAna laukika kSetra meM bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| (triSaSTi zalAkA 1/2, bhagavatI sUtra 31, antakRddazAMga sUtra 3.1, uttarAdhyayana sUtra 15/7, sthAnAMga sUtra Adi) ____ antataH jaina zikSA kA sAra hai Atmonmukha honA, sakriya jJAnAtmaka AtmasaMyama paraka, samasta duHkhoM kI nivRtti kA AdhAra kiMvA mokSa kI pratiSThA meM 108 svAdhyAya zikSA

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sahAyaka honaa| isa prakAra jainAgamoM meM abhivyakta zikSA aura zikSArthI kA vAstavika rUpa-svarUpa yadi sthira kiyA jAe to kahA jA sakatA hai ki zikSA vaha hai jisase vyakti ke andara Atmabala jAgrata ho aura use prApta kara vyakti meM sAmarthya va svAvalambana ke saMskAroM kI susthApanA ho tathA zikSArthI vaha hai jisase zikSArjana karane ke uparAnta vinaya, bala aura viveka kI bhAvanA jAgRta ho| inake rUpa-svarUpa ko yadi AtmasAt kara liyA jAe to Aja jo samasyAeM samAja aura rASTra meM phailI huI haiM, ve samApta ho sakatI haiN| samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hone para hI samAja aura rASTra apane Adarza aura abhyudaya kI sthApanA kara sakatA hai, unnati kara sakatA hai| -maMgala kalarA, 394, sarvodaya nagara, AgarA ror3a, alIgar3ha (u.pra.) svAdhyAya zikSA 109

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dazAzrutasvadhA : eka paricaya suzrI zvetA jaina chedasUtroM meM dazAzrutaskandha kI gaNanA sarvaprathama kI jAtI hai| chedasUtra zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko zuddhAcAra pAlana evaM prAyazcitta Adi ke vidhAna kI vidhi batalAte haiN| dazAzrutaskandha kI dazAoM meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra evaM upAsakoM kI pratimAoM kA vivaraNa hai| isameM AcArya kI ATha sampadAoM, 20 asamAdhisthAnoM, 21 zabala doSoM, 33 AzAtanAoM, 12 bhikSu pratimAoM, mohanIya karma ke 30 bandha-sthAnoM kA bhI varNana upalabdha hai| lekhikA ne dazAzrutaskandha kI viSayavastu ko saMkSepa meM spaSTa kiyA hai| -sampAdaka jaina saMskRti ke udgamasthala Agama aMga-upAMga-mUlasUtra-chedasUtra meM vibhAjita haiN| aMga, upAMga aura mUlasUtra jaina darzana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ko puSTa karate haiM, vahIM chedasUtra AcAra pakSa ko saMpuSTa karate haiN| AcAra kI riktatA meM saiddhAntika pakSa sadaiva paMgu rahatA hai| ataH jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko vyavahAra yogya banAne meM aura use surakSA pradAna karane meM chedasUtroM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| . chedasUtroM kA zramaNa jIvana meM utsarga aura apavAda kI dRSTi se vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM saMbhAvita doSoM se bacane evaM doSa zuddhi karane ke upAyoM kA varNana hI ina chedasUtroM kA viSaya rahA hai| paramparA ke anusAra chedasUtroM kA prakAzana tathA sArvajanika rUpa se una para pravacana varjita thaa| parantu sAhitya saritA ke pravAha ne una maryAdAoM kA atikramaNa kara diyaa| 'cheda' zabda kA sAmAnya artha vibhAga yA avayavoM ke chedana-bhedana se liyA jAtA hai, kintu dharmasaMbaMdhI cheda kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai bajjhANuvANe jeNa pa bAhijjae toniyyaa| saMbhavai ya parisuddhaM so pupa dhamammi cheutti|| jina bAhyakriyAoM se dharma meM bAdhA na AtI ho aura jisase nirmalatA kI puSTi ho, use cheda kahate haiN| purAnI sAvadha paryAya ko chor3akara ahiMsA Adi pA~ca prakAra ke yamarUpa dharma meM AtmA ko sthApita karanA chedopasthApanA saMyama hai| chedopasthApanA saMyama kA ullekha sthAnAMga meM zramaNoM ke pA~ca cAritra ke saMbaMdha meM milatA hai| vartamAna meM sAmAyika svalpakAlIna aura chedopasthApanika cAritra hI jIvana paryanta rahatA hai| prAyazcitta kA saMbaMdha bhI isI cAritra se hai| saMbhavataH isI cAritra ko lakSya meM rakhakara prAyazcitta sUtroM ko chedasUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| zvetAmbara zramaNoM kI saMkhyA prArambha se hI atyadhika rahI, jisase samAja kI suvyavasthA hetu chedasUtroM kA nirmANa huaa| chedasUtroM meM zramaNAcAra ke nigUDha rahasya

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aura sUkSma kriyA kalApa ko samajhAyA gayA hai| zramaNa ke jIvana meM anekAneka anukUla aura pratikUla prasaMga samupasthita hote haiM, aisI viSama paristhiti meM kisa prakAra nirNaya lenA cAhie, yaha bAta chedasUtroM meM batAI gaI hai| AcAra saMbaMdhI jaisA niyama aura upaniyamoM kA varNana jaina paramparA meM chedasUtroM meM upalabdha hotA hai vaisA hI varNana bauddha paramparA meM vinayapiTaka meM milatA hai aura vaidika paramparA ke kalpasUtra, zrautasUtra aura gRhyasUtroM meM milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI chedasUtra bane the, para Aja ve upalabdha nahIM haiN| chedasUtra kA sarvaprathama nAmollekha Avazyakaniyukti meM huA hai| isake pazcAt vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura nizIthabhASya Adi meM bhI yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai| zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA kA sarvAMgINa vivecana chedasUtroM meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| sAdhaka kI kyA maryAdA hai, usakA kyA karttavya hai ityAdi praznoM para unameM cintana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana meM se asaMyama ke aMza ko kATakara pRthak karanA, sAdhanA meM se doSajanya malinatA ko nikAlakara sApha karanA, bhUloM se bacane ke lie pUrNa sAvadhAna rahanA, bhUla ho jAne para prAyazcitta grahaNa kara usakA parimArjana karanA, yaha saba chedasUtroM kA viSaya hai| chedasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke bAre meM matabheda aura vartamAna mAnyatA samAcArI zataka meM samayasundaragaNI ne chedasUtroM kI saMkhyA chaH batAI hai1. mahAnizItha 2. dazAzrutaskandha 3. vyavahAra 4. bRhatkalpa 5. nizItha sUtra 6. jiitklp| __ sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya ke anusAra cAra chedasUtra mAnya haiM1. dazAzrutaskandha 2. bRhatkalpa 3. vyavahAra 4. nandIsUtra jItakalpa ko jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI kRti hone se Agama kI zreNI meM nahIM liyA gayA hai| mahAnizItha ke mUla saMskaraNa ko dImakoM ne udarastha kara liyA thA, kintu AcArya haribhadra ke dvArA isakA punaruddhAra kiyA gyaa| ataH vartamAna meM upalabdha mahAnizItha ko bhI Agama koTi meM nahIM ginA gayA hai| isa prakAra vartamAna meM maulika chedasUtra uparyukta cAra hI mAne gaye haiN| dazAzrutaskandha kA vyutpattilabhya artha pUjya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma.sA. ne dazAzrutaskandha kI muniharSiNI TIkA meM isa prakAra diyA hai - daza adhyayana ke vivecana karane vAle zAstra ko dazA kahate haiN| guru ke samIpa jo sunA jAtA hai, usako zruta kahate haiM jo ki sarvottama artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai| yaha bhagavAna ke mukhakamala se svAdhyAya zikSA - M - 111

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nikalakara bhavyajIva ke karNavivara meM praveza kara kSAyopazamika bhAva ko prakaTa karane kA hetu hai athavA jo sunA jAtA hai vaha zruta hai, zrutoM kA skandha arthAt samUha rUpa yaha daza adhyayanoM kA pratipAdana karane vAlA dazAzrutaskandha Agama hai athavA chedasUtroM meM Agama vizeSa kA nAma dazAzrutaskandha hai aura ise dazAkalpa bhI kahate haiN| ___ThANAMga sUtra meM dazAzrutaskandha ko AcAradazA bhI kahA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra ke dasaveM sthAna meM isake dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hone se 'dazAzrutaskandha' yaha nAma adhika pracalita ho gayA hai| dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma-1. asamAdhisthAna 2. zabala doSa 3. AzAtanA 4. gaNisampadA 5. cittasamAdhi sthAna 6. upAsaka pratimA 7. bhikSu pratimA 8. paryuSaNa kalpa 6. mohanIya sthAna 10. Ayati sthaan| dazAzrutaskandha kA 1830 anuSTupa zloka pramANa upalabdha pATha hai| 216 gadyasUtra aura 52 padya sUtra hai| prakArAntara se dazAzrutaskandha kI dazAoM ke pratipAdya viSaya kA ullekha isa prakAra se hai1. prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya dazA meM aura navIM-dasavIM dazAoM meM sAdhaka ke heyAcAra kA vrnnn| 2. cauthI dazA meM jJeyAcAra aura upAdeyAcAra kA kthn| 3. pAMcavIM dazA meM upAdeyAcAra kA niruupnn| 4. chaThI dazA meM anagAra ke lie jJeyAcAra aura zrAvaka ke lie upAdeyAcAra kA kthn| 5. sAtavIM dazA meM anagAra ke lie upAdeyAcAra aura zrAvaka ke lie jJeyAcAra kA kathanA 6. AThavI dazA meM anagAra ke lie kucha jJeyAcAra, kucha heyAcAra aura kucha upAdeyAcAra kA niruupnn| ataH dazAzrutaskandha AgAra aura anagAra donoM ke liye upayogI hai| eka-eka viSaya ko lekara alaga-alaga adhyAya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI dazAoM kI viSaya sAmagrI isa prakAra haiprathama dazA- isakA nAma 'asamAdhisthAna dazA' hai| "samAdhAnaM samAdhicetasaH svAsthyaM mokSamArge'vasthAnamityarthaH" arthAt citta kA svAsthya bhAva aura mokSa kI ora laganA hI samAdhi kahalAtA hai, isake viparIta ho, vaha asamAdhi hai| asamAdhi ke yahA~ bIsa sthAna batAe gae haiN| ye bIsa se adhika bhI ho sakate haiM, kintu yahAM nayoM ke anusAra hI asamAdhi ke bIsa sthAna kahe haiN| asamAdhi ke 20 sthAna nimna haiM 112 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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1. druta-drutacArI honA 2. apramArjitacArI honA 3. duHpramArjitacArI honA 4. atirikta zayyA Asana rakhanA 5. rAtnika (jyeSTha sAdhu) ke sAmane bolanA 6. sthaviroM kA upaghAta karanA 7. bhUta (pRthvI Adi) kA ghAta karanA 8. Akroza karanA 6. krodha karanA 10. nindA karanA 11. nizcayAtmaka bhASA bolanA 12. kalaha utpanna karanA 13. purAnI bAteM punaH uThAnA 14. akAla meM svAdhyAya karanA 15. sacittaraja yukta vyakti se bhikSA grahaNa karanA 16. anAvazyaka bolanA 17. saMgha meM bheda karane vAle vacana kahanA 18. kalaha karanA 16. sUryodaya se sUryAsta taka kucha na kucha khAte rahanA 20. aneSaNIya bhakta-pAnAdi kI eSaNA krnaa| dUsarI dazA- asamAdhi sthAnoM ke Asevana se zabala doSa kI prApti hotI hai| ataH isa dazA meM 21 zabala doSoM kA vistRta varNana hai| "mUlaguNeSu AdimeSu bhaMgeSu zabalo bhavati caturthe bhaMge sarvabhaMgaH" arthAt mUla guNAdi meM prathama tIna kA bhaMga zabala doSAdhAyaka (doSa karane vAlA) hotA hai aura caturtha kA bhaMga sarvabhaMga kahalAtA hai| 21 zabala doSa isa prakAra haiM- 1. hastakarma 2. maithuna pratisevana 3. rAtri bhojana karanA 4. AdhArmika AhAra khAnA 5. rAjapiMDa khAnA 6. auddezika krIta, pramityaka, Acchinna, anisRSTa aura AhRtya dIyamAna AhAra ko khAnA 7. punaH punaH pratyAkhyAna karake khAnA 8. 6 mAsa ke bhItara eka gaNa se dUsare gaNa meM jAnA 6. eka mAsa ke bhItara tIna bAra udaka lepa karanA 10. eka mAsa meM tIna bAra mAyA karanA 11. zayyAtara kA AhAra lenA 12. jAnabUjha kara prANAtipAta karanA 13. asatya bolanA 14. adatta vastu grahaNa karanA 15. sacitta sthAna para kAyotsarga karanA 16. sacitta raja Adi se yukta bhUmi para zayana evaM svAdhyAya karanA 17. jIva virAdhanA kI saMbhAvanA ho, aise sthAna para kAyotsarga, Asana, zayana aura svAdhyAya karanA 18. jAnakara ke kandamUla, skandha, tvak, patra, bIja Adi kA bhojana karanA 16. eka varSa meM dasa bAra udaka lepa karanA 20. eka varSa meM dasa bAra mAyA karanA 21. zIta-udaka ke gIle hAtha se, pAtra se azana-pAna-khAdima-svAdima AhAra ko grahaNa kara khaanaa| tIsarI dazA- jo zabala doSI hote haiM, unase nizcita rUpa se AzAtanA hotI hai| "jJAna- darzane zAtayati-khaNDayati-tanutAM nayatItyAzAtanA' arthAt jisa kriyA ke karane se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA hAsa athavA bhaMga hotA hai, vaha AzAtanA kahalAtI hai| bar3e sAdhu ke Age calanA, ati samIpa calanA, Age khar3e honA, Asanna khar3e honA Adi doSa haiN| AhAra apane bar3e sAdhu se pUchakara evaM dikhAkara nahIM karanA, bar3e sAdhu ke sAmane bolanA, unake Asana se U~ce Asana para baiThanA svAdhyAya zikSA 113

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Adi 33 prakAra kI AzAtanAe~ isa adhyAya meM batAI gaI haiN| caturthI dazA- jo doSoM kA sevana nahIM karate ve gaNisampadAoM se vibhUSita hote haiN| ataH isa dazA meM gaNi sampadA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| gaNi sampadA ATha prakAra kI hai- 1. AcAra sampadA 2. zrutasampadA 3. zarIra sampadA 4. vacana sampadA 5. vAcanA sampadA 6. mati sampadA 7. prayogamati sampadA 8. saMgraha parijJA smpdaa|| paMcamI dazA- jinhoMne gaNisampadAoM ko prApta kara liyA hai, unakA citta samAdhi ko prApta kara letA hai arthAt unakA citta apanI caMcalatA ko chor3a kara mokSa mArga meM sthira ho jAtA hai, isa hetu gaNisampadA ke bAda cittasamAdhi kA varNana AtA hai| ataH isa dazA meM 10 prakAra ke cittasamAdhi-sthAna batAe gae haiM- 1. pahile kabhI utpanna nahIM huI aisI dharma bhAvanA utpanna honA 2. pUrva adRSTa yathArtha svapna dikhanA 3. jAtismaraNa jJAna hone para 4. pUrva adRSTa deva darzana 5. pUrva asamutpanna avadhi jJAna utpanna hone para 6. pUrva asamutpanna avadhi darzana ke utpanna hone para 7. pUrva asamutpanna manaHparyavajJAna hone para 8. pUrva asamutpanna kevalajJAna hone para 6. pUrva asamutpanna kevala darzana hone para 10. pUrva asamutpanna kevala maraNa prApta hone pr| SaSThI dazA- isameM upAsaka pratimAoM kA varNana hai| "upa samIpam Aste niSIdati dharmazravaNecchayA sAdhUnAmiti upAsakaH" arthAt sAdhuoM ke samIpa jo dharma-zravaNa kI icchA se baiThe, usako upAsaka kahate haiN| upAsaka kA prathama manoratha Arambha-parigraha kI nivRttimayI sAdhanA karanA hai| usa nivRttimayI sAdhanA ke samaya vaha viziSTa sAdhanA ke lie upAsaka-pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ve pratimAe~ nimna haiM- 1. darzana pratimA 2. vrata pratimA 3. sAmAyika pratimA 4. pauSadha pratimA 5. divA brahmacarya pratimA 6. divArAtri brahmacarya pratimA 7. sacitta parityAga pratimA 8. Arambha parityAga pratimA 6. preSya parityAga pratimA 10. uddiSTa bhakta parityAga pratimA 11. zramaNabhUta prtimaa| sAtavIM dazA- isameM 12 bhikSu pratimAoM kA varNana hai| bhikSu kA yaha dUsarA manoratha hotA hai- maiM ekala vihAra pratimA dhAraNa karake vicaraNa kruuN| viziSTa sAdhanA ke lie evaM karmoM kI atyadhika nirjarA ke lie Avazyaka yogyatA se sampanna bhikSu ina 12 pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| inako dhAraNa karane ke lie prArambha ke tIna saMhanana, 6 pUrvo kA jJAna, 20 varSa kI dIkSA paryAya evaM 26 varSa kI umra honA Avazyaka hai| aneka prakAra kI sAdhanAoM aura parIkSAoM ke bAda hI bhikSu pratimA dhAraNa karane kI AjJA milatI hai| ve pratimAe~ isa prakAra haiM- 1. mAsikI bhikSu 114 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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pratimA 2. dvimAsikI 3. trimAsikI 4. cAturmAsikI bhikSu pratimA 5. paMcamAsikI bhikSu pratimA 6. pANmAsikI bhikSu pratimA 7. saptamAsikI bhikSu pratimA 8. prathamA rAtridivA bhikSu pratimA 6. dvitIyA saptarAtridivA bhikSu pratimA 10. tRtIyA saptarAtridivA bhikSu pratimA 11. ahorAtri kI bhikSu pratimA 12. ekarAtrikI bhikSu prtimaa| AThavIM dazA- isakA nAma 'paryuSaNAkalpa' hai| isa adhyayana ke mUla rUpa ke bAre meM muni kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' kA mata haiM ki AcAra dazA ke isa adhyayana meM kevala varSAvAsa kI samAcArI hai| kucha zatAbdiyoM pUrva isa paryuSaNAkalpa ko tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana caritra tathA sthirAvalI se saMyukta kara diyA gayA thaa| yaha zanaiH zanaiH kalpasUtra ke nAma se janasAdhAraNa meM prasiddha ho gyaa| ataH isakA mUlarUpa vyavacchinna ho gyaa| isameM bhikSuoM ke cAturmAsa evaM paryuSaNa saMbaMdhI samAcArI ke viSayoM kA kathana thaa| devendramuni jI likhate haiM ki dazAzrutaskandha kI prAcInatama pratiyA~, jo caudahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI haiM, unameM AThaveM adhyayana meM pUrNa kalpasUtra AyA hai, jo yaha spaSTa pramANita karatA hai ki kalpasUtra svatantra racanA nahIM, kintu dazAzrutaskandha kA hI AThavA~ adhyayana hai| kalpasUtra ke pahale sUtra meM 'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre....' aura aMtima sUtra meM ....bhujjo bhujjo uvadaMsei pATha hai| vahI pATha dazAzrutaskandha kI AThavIM dazA meM hai| yahA~ para zeSa pATha ko 'jAva' zabda ke antargata saMkSepa kara diyA hai| kalpasUtra aura dazAzrutaskandha ina donoM ke racayitA bhadrabAhu haiN| isalie donoM eka hI racanAkAra kI racanA hone se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalpasUtra, dazAzrutaskandha kA AThavA~ adhyayana hI hai| vRtti, cUrNi, pRthvIcaMdaTippaNa aura anya kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM yaha spaSTa pramANita hai|' bhikSu pratimA samApta karane ke anantara varSA Rtu meM nivAsa ke yogya kSetra kI gaveSaNA karanI par3atI hai| ucita sthAna prApta kara usako sArI varSA Rtu, vahIM para vyatIta karanI par3atI hai, isa dazA meM isI saMbaMdha meM kathana hone se isakA nAma 'paryuSaNAkalpa' rakhA gyaa| isa dazA meM mahAvIra svAmI ke janmAdi kalyANaka jisa jisa nakSatra meM hue haiM, usakI sUcanA dI gaI hai| navamI dazA- isameM mohanIya bandha ke sthAna ullikhita hai| 'mohayatyAtmAnaM muhyatyAtmA vAnena' mohanIya vaha karma hai jo AtmA ko mohatA hai athavA jisake dvArA AtmA moha meM phaMsatA hai| arthAt jisa karma ke paramANuoM ke saMsarga se AtmA viveka zUnya aura mUka ho jAtA hai, usI ko mohanIya karma kahate haiN| mohanIya karma- baMdha ke - 115 svAdhyAya zikSA

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kAraNoM kI koI sImA nahIM hai, tathApi zAstrakAra ne mohanIya karmabaMdha ke hetubhUta kAraNoM ke tIsa bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM duradhyavasAya kI tIvratA aura krUratA itanI mAtrA meM hotI hai ki kabhI-kabhI aise mohanIya karma kA baMdha bhI ho jAtA hai, jisase AtmA 70 koTA-koTi sAgaropama taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| aise 30 sthAna haiM-trasa prANiyoM ko jala meM DubAkara mArane se, zvAsa roka dene se, dhuA~ karake mArane se, sira para prahAra karane se, mArakara(chalakara) haMsane se, mAyAcAra karane se, mithyA AkSepa karane se, brahmacArI nahIM hone para bhI svayaM ko brahmacArI batalAne se, netA Adi lokapriya vyakti ko mArane se, pApoM se virata dIkSArthI ko aura saMyata tapasvI ko dharma bhraSTa karane se, jinendra deva kA avarNavAda karane se, bhavya jIvoM ko bhraSTa karane se, tapasvI nahIM hote hue bhI svayaM ko tapasvI kahane se, matabheda paidA karane se, devatAoM kA avarNavAda karane se aura apane Apako bahuzruta evaM svAdhyAyI batA kara AtmaprazaMsA karane se mahAmohanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| dasavIM dazA- isakA nAma Ayati sthAna hai| isameM vibhinna nidAnoM kA varNana hai| nidAna kA artha hai-moha ke prabhAva se kAmAdi icchAoM kI utpatti ke kAraNa hone vAlA icchApUrtimUlaka saMkalpA nidAna ke kAraNa mAnava kI icchAe~ bhaviSya meM bhI nirantara banI rahatI haiM, jisase vaha janma-maraNaM kI paramparA se mukta nahIM ho paataa| bhaviSya kAlIna janma-maraNa kI dRSTi se prastuta uddezaka kA nAma AyatisthAna rakhA gayA hai| Aya kA artha hai- laabh| jisa nidAna se janma-maraNa kA lAbha hotA hai, usakA nAma Ayati hai| isa dazA ke antargata nava nidAna batAe gae haiM1. nirgrantha dvArA puruSa ke bhogoM kA nidaan| 2. nirgranthI dvArA strI ke bhogoM kA nidaan| 3. nirgrantha dvArA strI ke bhogoM kA nidaan| 4. nirgranthI dvArA puruSa ke bhogoM kA nidaan| 5. saMkalpAnusAra daivika sukha kA nidaan| 6. saMkalpAnusAra daivika sukha kA nidAna (bhinna rUpa) 7. saMkalpAnusAra daivika sukha kA nidAna (bhinna rUpa) 8. zrAvaka avasthA prApti kA nidAna 6. sAdhu jIvana prApti kA nidAna dazAzrutaskandha aura anya AgamoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne AcArya bhadrabAhu ko dazAzrutaskandha 116 svAdhyAya zikSA

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kA racayitA nahIM, saMkalanakartA svIkAra kiyA hai, kyoMki dazAzrutaskandha kI viSayavastu vibhinna AgamoM se mela khAtI hai| yahAM para kucha AgamoM ke sAtha tulanA prastuta kI jA rahI hai| samavAyAMga aura dazAzrutaskandha- isameM prAyaH bahuta sA bhAga samavAyAMga sUtra se kevala kucha hI parivartana ke sAtha liyA gayA hai| jaise-pahalI dazA meM bIsa asamAdhi sthAnoM kA varNana hai, vaisA hI varNana 'samavAyAMga sUtra' ke bIsaveM sthAna meM sUtra rUpa meM uddhRta hai| bheda kevala itanA hI hai ki 'samavAyAMga sUtra' ke 'bIsaM asamAhiTThANA paNNattA taMjahA' itanA hI pATha dekara asamAdhi sthAnoM kA varNana prArambha kara diyA gayA hai| kisI-kisI jagaha para sthAna parivartana bhI kara diyA gayA hai| isake atirikta aura koI bheda inameM nahIM miltaa| dUsarI dazA ke ikkIsa zabala doSa bhI samavAyAMga sUtra se hI jyoM ke tyoM uddhRta kara die haiN| bheda kevala pahalI dazA ke samAna bhUmikAvAkya meM hI hai| tIsarI dazA kI AzAtanAe~ bhI isI sUtra meM ukta rUpa se lI gaI haiN| pAMcavIM dazA meM dasa citta samAdhiyoM kA varNana hai| ina citta samAdhiyoM kA gadya rUpa pATha samavAyAMga sUtra ke dasaveM sthAna se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| chaThI dazA meM zramaNopAsaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana AtA hai| inakA sUtrarUpa mUla pATha samavAyAMga sUtra ke gyArahaveM sthAna ke samakakSa hai| sAtavIM dazA kA mUla samavAyAMga ke bArahaveM sthAna ke samAna hai| navamI dazA ke tIsa mahAmohanIya sthAnoM kA padyarUpa varNana samavAyAMga sUtra ke tIsaveM sthAna meM uddhRta padya se milatA-julatA hai| sthAnAMga aura dazAzrutaskandha- dazAzrutaskandha kI cauthI dazA meM ATha prakAra : kI gaNisampat kA varNana hai| isa prakAra kI ATha gaNisampat kA nAma nirdeza : 'sthAnAMga sUtra' ke AThaveM sthAna meM bhI milatA hai| sAtavIM dazA ke antargata bhikSu . pratimAoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| usI ke samAna sthAnAMga sUtra ke tIsare sthAna meM bhI milatI hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke pAMca kalyANakoM kA varNana AThavI dazA meM hai| isa dazA ke mUla sUtra meM aura sthAnAMga sUtra ke paMcama sthAna ke prathamoddeza meM samarUpatA hai| aupapAtika aura dazAzrutaskandha- dazAzrutaskandha kI pA~cavIM dazA kA upodghAta bhAga aura navamI dazA kA upodghAta bhAga aupapAtika sUtra meM bhI milatA hai| dasavIM dazA meM nirUpita nidAna karmoM kA bhI kucha bhAga aupapAtika sUtra ke samAna - svAdhyAya zikSA - 117

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- jaina paramparA ke AgamoM meM cheda sUtroM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| jaina saMskRti kA sAra zramaNa dharma hai| zramaNa dharma kI siddhi ke lie AcAra kI sAdhanA anivArya hai / AcAra dharma ke nigUr3ha rahasya aura sUkSma kriyAkalApa ko samajhane ke lie chedasUtroM kA adhyayana anivArya ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke jIvana meM aneka pratikUla prasaMga upasthita hote rahate haiN| aise viSama viSayoM meM kisa prakAra nirNaya liyA jAe isa bAta kA samyak nirNaya eka mAtra chedasUtra hI kara sakate haiN| saMkSepa meM chedasUtra sAhitya jaina AcAra kI kuMjI hai, jaina vicAra kI advitIya nidhi hai, jaina saMskRti kI garimA hai, mahimA hai| saMdarbha 1. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 5, uddezaka 2, sUtra 428 2. jaM ca mahAkappasuyaM, jANi asesANi cheasuttaanni| caraNa karaNANuogo tti kAliyatthe uvgyaanni|| -Avazyaka niyukti, 777 3. samAcArI zataka, Agama-sthApanAdhikAra 4. atha dazAzrutaskandhasUtrazabdArtho nirupyate-dazAdhyayanapratipAdakaM zAstraM dazA, sA cA'sau zrutaskandhaH- gurusamIpe zrUyate zravaNaviSayIkriyate iti zrutamprativiziSTArthapratipAdanaphalaM bhagavatI nisRSTamAtmIyazravaNakoTarapraviSTaM kSAyopazamikabhAvaparimAvirbhAvakAraNaM tat, skandhaH vRkSaprakANDa iv| athavA zrUyante iti zrutAni pUrvoktAni teSAM skandhaH samUhaH sa eva sUtram- Agama iti dshaashrutskndhsuutrm| yadvA-dazAzrutaskandha sUtramiti zabda AgamavizeSa prasiddhaH | yasya dazAkalpa iti pryaayH| 5. trINi chedasUtrANi, byAvara, sampAdakIya, pRSTha 14 6. vahI, sArAMza, pR. 123 7 chedasUtra : eka parizIlana, pR. 47 8. dazAzrutaskandha sUtram, AtmArAmajI mahArAja, bhUmikA pR. 6 samatA kuja, 12/7 e, jAlama vilAsa skIma pAvaTA bI ror3a, jodhapura - 118 svAdhyAya zikSA

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jainAgamoM kA sarvamAnya rUpa Avazyaka zrI jazakaraNa DAgA yaha AvazyakatA sadaiva anubhava kI jAtI hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya eka aisA jainAgama ho, jise kurAna, bAibala, avestA Adi ke samAna mAnyatA ho| variSTha svAdhyAyI zrI DAgA jI ne apanA Alekha isI bindu ko kendra meM rakhakara likhA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM merA nivedana hai ki 'tattvArthasUtra' donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya hai| use Agamavat mAnyatA dI jA sakatI hai| isa para TIkAe~ bhI bahuta huI haiN| Adhunika racanAoM yA saMkalanoM ko vaisI mAnyatA milanA kaThina kArya hai| 'samaNasutta' evaM 'nirgrantha pravacana' ke saMbaMdha meM aisA anubhava ho cukA hai| samanvaya/ekatA ke protsAhana hetu lekha prakAzita hai| -sampAdaka jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra jainAgama haiN| sarvajJa (sampUrNa Atma draSTA) vItarAga bhagavaMtoM dvArA prarUpita jinavANI, sUtra yA Agama kahI jAtI hai| tIrthakara bhagavaMtoM dvArA sarva jIvoM ke kalyANArtha, alaukika tattvamayI dI gaI divya dezanA mukta sumanoM ke samAna artha rUpa hotI hai| mahAn prajJAvAna gaNadhara usakA anaMtavA~ bhAga hI sUtra rUpa meM gumphita kara pAte haiN| kahA hai 'attha bhAsai arahA, sutna gati gapaharA niunn|' ye grathita sUtra hI jinAgama haiN| ye jinAgama hI prAcIna kAla meM gaNipiTaka kahalAte the| gaNipiTaka meM samagra dvAdazAMgI samAhita hotI hai| pazcAdvartI kAla meM isake aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi aneka bheda kie ge| inameM jJAna-vijJAna kA, nyAya-nIti kA, AcAra-vicAra kA, dharma-darzana kA, adhyAtma-anubhava kA, AtmA-paramAtmA kA, sAdhya-sAdhanA kA, gati-Agati Adi kI jAnakArI kA anupama va akSaya koSa hai| vaidika dharma meM jo sthAna vedoM kA, bauddhoM meM tripiTaka kA, pArasI dharma meM avestA kA, IsAI dharma meM bAibila kA va islAma dharma meM kurAna kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina dharma meM Agama- sAhitya kA hai| jahAM veda aneka RSi-maharSiyoM ke nirmala vicAroM kA saMkalana hai, vahA~ upalabdha jainAgama sarvajJa sarvadarzI bha. mahAvIra kI divya dezanA, jisameM vizuddha mokSa mArga kA nirUpaNa hai, kA aisA anupama saMgraha hai ki vaisA adhyAtma tattvajJAna kisI bhI anya dharma yA darzana ke graMthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| vastutaH jo ajJAna, rAga, dveSa Adi kA kSaya kara jina, tIrthakara, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI hue haiM, una Apta mahApuruSoM ke tattvacintana evaM dezanAmayI divya vANI kA saMkalana hI Agama hai| Agama vyAkhyA sAhitya- yaha abhI pA~ca prakAra se upalabdha hotA hai

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ve 1. niryuktiyA~ - AgamoM para jo padyabaddha prAkRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhI gaIM, niyuktiyoM ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 2. cUrNiyA~ - ye gadyAtmaka saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM likhI milatI haiN| 3. TIkAe~ - TIkAoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| 4. bhASya- AgamoM para prAkRta meM vistRta vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaI, jinheM bhASya kahA hai| 5. loka bhASA meM likhita vyAkhyA sAhitya- AgamoM para loka bhASAoM yathA gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI Adi meM likhA gayA vyAkhyA sAhitya | mUla AgamavANI ke upadeSTA ajJAna va moha bhAva se sarvathA rahita hone se, unakI dezanA meM doSa, apUrNatA yA viparItatA kI, kiMcit mAtra bhI saMbhAvanA yA pUrvApara virodha athavA yuktibAdha nahIM hotA hai| unake dvArA prarUpita 'tattva vANI' prAmANika va dravya, kSetra, kAla se abAdhita hotI hai| Agama sabhI samasyAoM ke samyag samAdhAna pradAtA Adhunika bhautika yuga meM bar3hate tanAva, naitika mUlyoM kA patana, cAritrika girAvaTa, AtmA-paramAtmA ke prati anAsthA Adi sabhI ke samyak samAdhAna ke lie jainAgamoM kA svAdhyAya kAmadhenu ke dohana ke samAna hai| jaise kAmadhenu se sabhI prayoga siddha hote haiM, vaise hI jainAgamoM ke svAdhyAya se sabhI samasyAoM kA cAhe ve sAmAjika hoM yA pArivArika, bhautika hoM yA AdhyAtmika, unake yathArtha samAdhAna prApta hote haiN| ye jainAgama vAstava meM jJAna rUpI megha kI vaha amRta dhArA hai jo sabhI samasyAoM kI jvAlAoM ko zAnta kara detI hai| jainAgamoM meM aise tathya vidyamAna haiM jo rAma bANa auSadhi ke rUpa meM, samasyAoM ke mahArogoM ko naSTa kara dete haiN| kintu inake paThana-pAThana meM nIra-kSIra ke viveka kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai aura heya, jJeya, upAdeya kA viveka bhI apekSita hai, anyathA zAstra bhI zastra ho jAte haiN| kAlaprabhAva se vizuddha va saMpUrNa jainAgamoM kI anupalabdhi yaha kheda kA viSaya hai ki Aja sarvajJoM kI vaha AptavANI jo jainAgamoM meM gUMthita rahI haiM, saMpUrNa rUpa se jyoM kI tyoM zuddha rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla ke badalAva, sampradAya vyAmoha, rAga, dveSa tathA ajJAna ke kAraNa aneka AgamoM ke mUlapATha viccheda ho gae, to aneka pATha prakSipta ho ge| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM 84 AgamoM kI prarUpaNA hai, jinameM 45 Agama upalabdha haiN| jabaki nandIsUtra meM 72 AgamoM kA isa prakAra ullekha hai- 12 aMga, 26 utkAlika, 30 svAdhyAya zikSA 120

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kAlika va 1 aavshyk| sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM 32 Agama hI mAnya haiN| jo isa prakAra haiM- 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUlasUtra, 4 cheda va 1 AvazyakaM suutr| inameM bhI aneka pATha lupta ho ge| udAharaNArtha dvAdazAMga ke prathama aMga AcArAMga meM aThAraha hajAra pada nirdiSTa the|' kintu Aja mAtra do hajAra cha: sau cauvAlIsa zloka hI upalabdha haiN| isI taraha antagar3a sUtra meM bhI nandIsUtra ke anusAra jahAM 2304000 padoM ke hone kA ullekha hai, vahA~ Aja usameM mAtra 600 zlokoM kA saMkalana hI upalabdha hai| anya aneka AgamoM meM bhI isI prakAra se bar3I saMkhyA meM pada va zlokoM kA viccheda ho cukA hai| inhIM Ag2amoM meM aneka pATha va pada prakSipta bhI kara die gae haiM, tathA aneka sUtra aise bhI haiM, jinakA yathArtha artha, bhAva va marma gItArtha jJAniyoM ke dvArA hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| ataH upalabdha AgamoM ke paThana-pAThana meM bhI nIra-kSIra viveka kI dRSTi Avazyaka hai| prakSipta pAThoM ke saMbaMdha meM eka udAharaNa zrI candraprajJapti sUtra kA satarahavAM pAhuDa kA liyA jA sakatA hai, jisameM vibhinna nakSatroM meM vibhinna vastuoM kA bhojana karane kA adhikAra hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki aisA bhojana karake jAve to kArya siddha hove| jaise revatI nakSatra meM jalacara, phUlana Adi kA bhojana karake jaave| sva. bahuzruta paM. ratna zrI samarthamala jI ma.sA. ne ina pAThoM ko bhagavad vANI paramparA se mela nahIM khAte haiM aisA batAkara kahA hai ki vItarAga to aisI abhakSya bhakSaNa rUpa vANI kabhI pharamAte nhiiN| aise pATha svArthI puruSoM dvArA bAda meM prakSipta kara die pratIta hote haiM? athavA jisa saMdarbha meM yaha kathAnaka hai vaha vilupta ho gayA ho yaha bhI saMbhava hai| vaise bhI "zAstraprayojanam tattvadarzanam" ke anusAra zAstroM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha nahIM hone caahie| phira sUryaprajJapti va candraprajJapti donoM zAstra alaga-alaga hokara bhI inake pAThoM meM samAnatA kyoM hai? isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki inheM lipibaddha karate samaya(jo bha. mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke karIba 650 varSa bAda kie gae the) bhUla ho gaI ho| isa prakAra se smRti doSa, skhalanA doSa yA rAgAdi kAraNoM se ye jaina Agama vartamAna meM mUla vizuddha rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM raha sake haiN| digambara paramparA to mUla aMga rUpa jinavANI kA viccheda mAnakara vartamAna meM upalabdha sabhI AgamoM ko bAda ke zrutadhara AcAryoM kI racanAe~ mAnatI hai| isase bhI jinavANI ke zata-pratizata vizuddha rUpa meM Aja upalabdha nahIM hone kI puSTi hotI hai| eka Agama kI mAnyatA nahIM vartamAna meM koI eka Agama aisA nahIM hai jise sabhI jaina prAmANika rUpa se mAnate hoN| yaha kheda kA viSaya hai ki jahA~ pratyeka dharma meM usake anuyAyiyoM ke dvArA svAdhyAya zikSA - 127

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sarvamAnya graMtha upalabdha haiM, jaise hinduoM ke lie gItA, musalamAnoM ke lie kurAna, IsAiyoM ke liye bAibila, pArasI dharmavAloM ke liye avestA, bauddha dharmavAloM ke lie tripiTaka upalabdha haiM, vaise hI jainoM kA koI eka graMtha yA Agama aisA nahIM haiM jise sabhI jaina mAnyatA dete ho| ataH vartamAna meM Agama manISiyoM va zrutadharoM ke lie yaha ati Avazyaka hai ki ve sabhI milakara sabhI jainAgamoM kA adhyayana va manana kara, eka aisA jaina Agama saMkalita kara upalabdha karAe~ jo zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI va mUrtipUjaka-sabhI jainoM ko gItA, kurAna yA bAibila kI taraha mAnya va prAmANika ho| yadyapi isa bAre meM kucha prayAsa hue bhI haiM, jaise nirgrantha pravacana (bar3A bhASya), zramaNa sUtra, jaina mahAgItA aadi| kintu inameM koI graMtha sarva sampradAyoM kA samarthana prApta na hone se ve ukta apekSita bar3I kamI kI pUrti nahIM kara sake haiN| jaba sabhI jaina eka deva, eka guru, eka dharma aura eka mahAmaMtra NamokkAra ko mAnya karate haiM to phira una sabhI kA mAnya eka Agama bhI kyoM nahIM ho sakatA? ataH jaina dharma ke agraNI karNadhAroM dvArA isa hetu vizeSa prayAsa kara, sarva jaina sampradAyoM dvArA samarthita, sarvamAnya eka jaina Agama saMkalita kiyA jAkara upalabdha karAyA jAnA caahie| sarvamAnya jaina Agama meM vizuddha jinasUtra hI saMkalita hoM vizuddha jinasUtroM kA cayana kaise ho, isa hetu nimna mApadaNDoM kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai1. jinavANI kI vizeSatAoM evaM lakSaNoM kA dhyAna rakhA jAvejinavANI kI mahimA garimA apAra hai| usameM anaMta satya samAhita hai| kintu asatya ke anaMtaveM aMza ko bhI usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai| 'jinavANI' kaisI hai, usakA kiMcit varNana karate hue tattvavettA zrImadrAjacandra jI jaina kahA hai "anaMta anaMta bhAva bheda thI bharIlI bhalI, anaMta anaMta naya nikSepa vyAkhyAnI che, sakala jagata hitakAriNI, hAriNI moha, tAraNI bhavAbdhi mokSa cAriNI pramANI che| opamA ApyA ne jene tamA rAkhavAnuM vyartha, opamA ApyA te nija mati ne mapAI che, aho rAjacandra bAla khyAla na tA pAmatIe, jinezvara taNI vANI jANI teNe jANI che||" yaha jinavANI 'iNameva niggathaM pAvayaNaM saccaM aNuttaraM" ke anusAra anupama 122 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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hai, anuttara hai va sarvottama hai| isIlie isake lie kahA gayA hai- 'vANI to ghaNerI para vItarAga tulya nahIM, isake sivAya aura chorA sI kahAnI hai| isa parama pAvana jinavANI kI pahacAna, isameM rahI pA~ca bar3I vizeSatAoM se hotI hai jo isa prakAra "prabodhAya vivekAya, hitAya prazamAya c| samyak tattvopadezAya satAM sUktiH prvrtte||" arthAt jo 1. moha nidrA se supta prANiyoM ko jagAkara tattvoM kA bodha karAtI hai 2. Atma jJAna ko pragaTa karane vAlI hai 3. prANI mAtra ke lie aikAntika aura Atyantika hitakartA hai 4. kaSAyAdi vikAroM kA zamana karane vAlI hai tathA 5. naya, nikSepa, pramANa Adi se tattvoM ke heya, jJeya va upAdeya kA samyak svarUpa prakaTa karane vAlI sUtra rUpa meM hai tathA saMta jJAnI mahApuruSoM ke mAdhyama se prarUpita huI hai| isa parama punIta jinavANI kI vizeSatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM aura bhI kahA gayA hai "ratnatrayI rakSati yena, jIvA virjyte'tyntshriirsaukhyaat| ruNaddhi pApaM kurute, vizuddhijJAnaM tadiSTam sakalArthavidbhiH / / " ___ arthAt jisase jIva ratnatraya kI rakSA karatA hai, pApa karma ko rokatA hai tathA Atma-vizuddhi karatA hai, vahI jJAna (jinavacana) sarvajJoM ko abhISTa hai| sarvajJa vItarAga bhagavaMtoM kI vANI tridoSa rahita hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai-1. avyApti 2. ativyApti 3. asNbhv| 2. jinasUtra (jinavANI) pakSapAta va rAgadveSa rahita hote haiM- jina sUtroM kI eka bar3I vizeSatA yaha bhI hai, ki ve sva-para mata, paraMparA, saMpradAya Adi ke rAgadveSa se prarUpita na hokara vastusvarUpa kI yathArtha prarUpaNA karate haiN| isIlie kahA gayA hai"pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kpilaadissu| yuktimadvacanaM yasya, tasya kAryaH prigrhH||" arthAt inameM na to vIra ke prati pakSapAta hai, na kapilAdi ke prati dveSa hai| kintu jinake vacana yuktiyukta haiM, tarka zuddha haiM, usI ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 3. jinasUtra vijJAna ke anubhava siddha satya se viparIta nahIM-samyag va sArthaka jIvana ke lie vijJAna aura dharma kA yathocita samanvaya parama Avazyaka hai| isa hetu jinasUtroM ke nAma se pracalita aise kathAnaka, jo vijJAna ke pratyakSa anubhava siddha tathyoM se viparIta haiM yA maila nahIM khAte, una para gaMbhIratA se vicAra kie jAne kI AvazyakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM yahAM do udAharaNa prastuta haiM- 1. bhUgola - svAdhyAya zikSA 123 -

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viSayaka- sUrya prajJapti Adi sUtroM meM bar3e se bar3A dina 18 muhUrta va choTe se choTA dina 12 muhUrta kA kahA hai, jabaki landana (yUropa) meM bar3e se bar3A dina 22.5 muhUrta kA va choTe se choTA dina 7.5 muhUrta kA hotA hai jo pratyakSa satya hai| isI taraha Age dhruva kI tarapha aura bhI bar3e va choTe dina hote haiN| TunDrA meM to 6 mAha kA dina va 6 mAha kI rAtri bhI hotI hai| 2. kAlagaNanA viSayaka-jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM kAlAdhikAra meM kAlamApa meM eka muhUrta (48 miniTa) meM 37773 zvAsocchvAsa mAne haiM jabaki eka miniTa meM svastha puruSa ke 15 zvAsocchvAsa hote haiM jisase eka muhUrta meM 15 X 48=720 zvAsocchvAsa hI hote haiN| isI prakAra se anya udAharaNa bhI jina AgamoM meM milate haiM, jina para Agama manISiyoM ko AgamoM kA gaMbhIratA pUrvaka maMthana kara, unakA sahI artha aura bhAva spaSTa karanA cAhie aura jahA~ saMzodhana Avazyaka ho to sarvasammati se usake lie yathocita kadama uThAnA caahie| anta meM jaina dharma ke sabhI karNadhAroM, AcAryoM, pramukhoM va jinAgama manISiyoM se vinamra nivedana hai ki ve saba saMyukta rUpa se jinAgamoM ke saMzodhana kI ora dhyAna deN| vartamAna meM jina AgamoM ko jo pratiSThA, jo sammAna prApta hai, vaha akSuNNa rahe aura Ane vAle yuga meM bhI sabhI inake prati pUrNa niSThAvAna raheM, isa hetu ve sabhI eka aise jaina mahAzAstra kI racanA kareM, jo kurAna, bAibila va gItA kI taraha khyAti prApta ho aura jainoM ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko mAnya ho, prAmANika ho tathA vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM bhI sabhI ko svIkArya ho| dUsare aise jinasUtra jo uparyukta varNita doSoM se yukta hoM unameM bhI yathocita saMzodhana kiyA jAya athavA unakA yuktisaMgata samucita spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAya, jisase jainAgamoM para koI zaMkA yA azraddhA kA bhAva kisI meM paidA na ho| saMdarbha 1. AcArAMga niyukti, hAribhadrIyA nandIvRtti, cUrNi va abhayadevasUri kI samavAyAMga vRtti anusaar| 2. samartha samAdhAna bhAga 1 pR. 770 3. zrImad rAjacandra ke padoM se 4. nirgrantha pravacana se| 5. vyAkhyAna stuti se| 6. jJAnArNava pR.6 7. subhASita se 8. AcArya hribhdr| -DAgA sadana, saMghapurA mauhallA, ToMka (rAja) 124 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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Agama-Ahitya ke katipaya zabdoM kI mImAMsA zrI ramezamuni jI zAstrI (upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramuni jI ma.sA. ke ziSya) jaina AgamoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI apanI mahattA hai| ina zabdoM kI vivecanA meM abhidhAna rAjendra koza, jainendra siddhAnta koza Adi koza bhI bane haiM, kintu paM. ratna zrI ramezamuni jI zAstrI ne katipaya pAribhASika zabdoM kA cayana kara vizeSa rIti se unakI vivecanA kI hai| -sampAdaka yaha yathArthapUrNa tathya hai ki abhivyakti svayaM siddha divya zakti hai aura asIma kSamatA bhI hai| abhivyakti evaM Arthika vyaMjanA meM zabda zakti kI bhUmikA rahI hai vaha zirasi zekharAyamANa hai| zabda aura abhivyakti meM paryApta antara yaha hai ki zabda eka zakti hai jabaki abhivyakti usa zakti kA pariNAma hai| pratyeka zabda apanI Arthika sampadA ke dRSTikoNa se viziSTa hai, variSTha hai| usa zAbdika artha kI apanI paribhASA hai| abhivyakti ke bahuvidha upakaraNoM meM bhASA kA jo sthAna hai vaha vastuvRttyA mahattvapUrNa hai| zabda ke rUpa aura artha meM kAla evaM kSetra kA prabhAva amiTa rUpa se aMkita hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kAlAntara meM usake maulika svarUpa meM nizcitarUpeNa parivartana bhI parilakSita hotA hai| parivartana kI isa nitya nirantara dhArA meM AgamIya zabdAvalI bhI apanA artha-abhiprAya vizeSataH grahaNa karatI hai| zabda vAstava meM sthUla hai aura usameM vyaMjita artha ati sUkSma hai| yadyapi sUkSma kI abhivyakti sthUla ke mAdhyama se kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, tathApi jo zabda kisI na kisI viziSTa artha meM prayukta hotA hai, vyavahRta ho jAtA hai, atizaya artha kI apekSA se vaha zabda sAmAnya rUpa nahIM raha pAtA hai| apitu pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM, usakI mahattvapUrNa aura vilakSaNa pahacAna bana jAtI hai| kisI bhI bhASA vizeSa meM pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI vidyamAnatA usa bhASA-bhASI ke bauddhika utkarSa evaM bauddhika-unmeSa kA jIvanta jvalanta pratIka hai aura jahA~ usakA sadbhAva bhI nahIM hai vahA~ bauddhika dAridrya kA ekachatra Adhipatya hI hai| bhASAoM kI zabdAvalI meM pAribhASika zabdoM kA sarvatantra svatantra sthAna hotA hai| viziSTa astitva aura variSTha mahattva sarvadA evaM sarvathA rahA hai| jaina vAGmaya vipula hai, vistRta hai aura vividha vidyAoM meM vidyamAna hai| usameM 'Agama sAhitya' kA apanA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha vaha sAhitya hai, jisakA yathArthataH mUlyAMkana kara pAnA zakti evaM mati se pare hai| vAstava meM prastuta bahuvidha vAGmaya agAdha-apAra amRta sAgara hai| sAgara meM muktA prApta hote haiM, anya asAra

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vastue~ bhI samprApta ho jAtI haiM aura usakA jala bhI kSArapUrNa hai, kintu Agama sAgara meM muktA hI muktA haiM, kSIra hI kSIra hai| yaha kSIra sudhA sA mAdhurya pUrNa hai, jIvanadAyaka hai| jo bhI isameM nirantara avagAhana karatA hai, isakA manthana karatA hai, vaha rikta hasta nahIM hotaa| jJAna-vijJAna kA divyaratna athavA pAribhASika zabdoM kI maNi muktA nizcita rUpeNa prApta kara letA hai| maiM svayaM bhI eka atIva sAmAnya sA avagAhaka hU~, choTA sA gotAkhora huuN| avagAhana karanA athavA manthana karanA merA vyavasAya nahIM hai, vyasana hai| jIvana ke nirNIta saMlakSyoM meM eka lakSya hai| etadartha jaba-taba bhI avakAza ke puNya pala prApta hue, Agama sAgara kA manthana kara letA huuN| prastuta nibandha kI paridhi meM AgamIya zabdAvalI meM se katipaya zabdoM kI muktA ekatra karanA merA abhipreta lakSya bindu hai| zAbdika muktAoM kI jo artha AtmA hai, tad viSayaka vicAraNA aura vimarzanA saMprastuta kI jA rahI hai| jo zabdagata artha jyoti anAvRtta karegA use yaha Arthika Aloka vastuvRttyA jJAnavRddhi aura viSaya spaSTatA meM sahAyaka ho sakegA aura zabdoM kI lAkSaNikatA evaM vaijJAnikatA bhI sahana kiraNa dinakara ke sadRza pradIptimAna hogI, isa kathana meM aNumAtra bhI atizayapUrNa ukti nahIM, apitu samagrataH yathArthatA hai| yahA~ para Agama meM prayukta katipaya zabdoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| 09. Agama Agama zabda 'A(AG)' upasarga purassara 'gam' dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| 'A' upasarga kA artha 'samantAt' hai arthAt pUrNa hai tathA 'gam' dhAtu kA artha 'gatiprApti' hai| Agama zabda kI bahuvidha paribhASA hai| jo guru paramparA se avicchinna gati se A rahA hai tathA jisake mAdhyama se saba ora se jIva-ajIva prabhRti padArthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai vaha Agama kahalAtA hai|' jo tattva AcAra-paramparA se vAsita hokara AtA hai vaha Agama kahalAtA hai| jisake dvArA sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, vaha zAstra 'Agama' kahalAtA hai| tathya yaha hai ki 'Agama' zabda samagra zruti kA paricAyaka hai| sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Aptavacana, aitihya, AmnAya, jinavacana aura zruta ye sarva zabda Agama ke paryAyavAcI haiN| vAstava meM 'Agama' zabda zAstra ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jahA~ Agama vyavahAra kA varNana huA hai, vahA~ usake pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do bhedoM kA pratipAdana bhI spaSTataH huA hai| eka apara vivakSA ke AdhAra para Agama kA - 126 126 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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vargIkaraNa trividha rUpa se huA hai - AtmAgama, anantarAgama evaM paramparAgamA Agama ke artha-rUpa evaM sUtra-rUpa ye do bheda haiN| tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu artha -rUpa Agama kA upadeza karate haiN| ataeva artha-rUpa Agama tIrthaMkaroM kA AtmAgama kahalAtA hai| kyoMki vaha arthAgama unakA svayaM kA hai| anya se unhoMne nahIM liyA hai| kintu vahI arthAgama gaNadharoM ne tIrthaMkaroM se prApta kiyA hai| gaNadhara evaM tIrthaMkara ke madhya kisI tRtIya vyakti kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai| etadartha gaNadharoM ke liye vaha arthAgama anantarAgama kahalAtA hai| kintu usa arthAgama ke AdhAra para svayaM gaNadhara sUtra rUpa . racanA karate haiN| isaliye sUtrAgama gaNadharoM ke liye "AtmAgama" kahalAtA hai| gaNadharoM ke sAkSAt ziSyoM ko gaNadharoM se sUtrAgama sIdhA prApta hotA hai| unake madhya meM koI bhI vyavadhAna rUpa nahIM hotA hai| etadartha una ziSyoM ke liye sUtrAgama 'anantarAgama' hai| kintu arthAgama 'paramparAgama' hai, kyoMki vaha unhoMne apane dharma guru gaNadharoM se prApta kiyA hai, jo gaNadharoM ko bhI AtmAgama nahIM thaa| unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM se prApta kiyA thaa| gaNadharoM ke praziSya aura unakI paramparA meM hone vAle anya ziSyoM evaM praziSyoM ke liye sUtra evaM artha vAstava meM paramparAgama hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya kI prAmANikatA kevala gaNadharakRta hone se nahIM hai, apitu usake artha prarUpaka tIrthakara kI vItarAgatA aura sarvArtha sAkSAtkAritva se hai| 'Agama'. saMskRta bhASA kA zabda hai| jisakA sAmAnya artha 'AnA' hotA hai| parantu nirukta meM isakA vAcya artha 'kisI zabda meM kisI varNa kA AnA tathA pratyaya hotA hai|' dharma zAstra meM 'Agama' kA artha dharmagrantha tathA paramparA se calA Ane vAlA 'siddhAnta' hai| yathArthatA yaha hai ki 'Agama' jaina paramparA kA pracura prAcIna pAribhASika zabda hai| itanA hI nahIM, saMskRta evaM prAkRta ina donoM bhASAoM meM isakA eka jaisA rUpa-svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| ataeva yaha zabda tatsama zabda hai| 02 AtmA prAkRta bhASA meM 'AyA', 'attA' evaM 'appA' zabda 'AtmA' ke lie prayukta hue haiM aura ye Agama-sAhitya meM bahudhA rUpeNa vyavahRta haiN| AtmA aura jIva ye eka hI tattva ke do nAma hai| AtmA zabda "ata sAtatya gamane" arthAt at dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| 'atati satataM bhavaM gacchati iti AtmA' rUpa meM AtmA kI paribhASA hai| AtmA janma-mRtyu ke baMdhana meM baMdha kara nirantara bhramaNa karatI hai| 'gamana' artha vAlI dhAtu jJAnArthaka bhI hotI hai| isaliye jo 'jJAna' Adi guNoM meM 'A' arthAt samantAt rahatA hai, ramaNa karatA hai, vaha AtmA hai| dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se - 127 svAdhyAya zikSA

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AtmA eka hai, kintu paryAyArthika naya kI vivakSA se pariNAtmaka hone ke kAraNa isake tIna bheda bhI haiM aura ve ye haiM- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA evaM prmaatmaa| inameM saMsArI AtmA zarIra, vaibhava prabhRti para dravyoM meM Atmabuddhi rakhatA hai| ataeva vaha bahirAtmA hai| jaba usakI yaha para-buddhi dUra ho jAtI hai arthAt usake 'mithyAtva' ke miTa jAne para 'samyaktva' A jAtA hai taba vaha antarAtmA bana jAtA hai| antarAtmA jaba sarvajJa bana jAtA hai, taba vaha 'paramAtmA' kahalAtA hai| svarUpa lakSaNa ke anusAra AtmA upayogamaya hai|" AtmA aura upayoga vastutaH bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM, apitu ekAkAra haiN| isa vivakSA se AtmA evaM upayoga paraspara paryAya haiN| ye donoM sarvathA akSuNNa rUpa se abhedAtmaka sthiti ko prApta haiN| AtmA navavidha tattva meM eka tattva hai|" SaDvidha dravya meM eka dravya hai aura do rAziyoM meM eka rAzi hai| vAstava meM AtmA hI eka aisA dravya hai, jo pratyeka dravya kA yathArthataH vijJAyaka hai aura nirNAyaka bhI hai| 03. Azrava (Asrava) ___'Asava' prAkRta bhASA kA rUpa hai aura prastuta zabda jainAgama-vAGmaya meM bahuvidha pariprekSya meM prayukta bhI huA hai|' 'Asava' zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara do prakAra se prApta hotA hai| prathama rUpa "Azrava" hai aura dvitIya rUpa "Amrava" hai| ina donoM rUpoM kA pracura prayoga jaina sAhitya meM samprApta hai| Anava zabda 'AG' upasarga pUrvaka 'nu' dhAtu se 'aN' pratyaya hone para niSpanna huA hai| jisakA pAribhASika artha hai- jisake dvArA AtmA meM puNya-pApa rUpa karma praveza karate haiN| usI kA nAma 'Amnava' yA 'Azrava' hai| Azrava vastutaH eka aisA dvAra hai jisake dvArA hI AtmA kArmika pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatI hai| Azrava jIva kA vibhAva meM ramaNa karane kA kAraNa hotA hai| isaliye vibhAva aura svabhAva ko samajha kara svabhAva meM saMsthita honA hI Azrava se mukta honA hai| Azrava ke saMdarbha meM eka sarvathA saTIka rUpaka hai| eka sAgara khulA rahatA hai, usake koI bAndha athavA taTa nahIM banA hotA hai| etadartha jala-paripUrNa saritAe~ cAroM ora se A-A kara usameM praviSTa ho jAtI haiN| vaha sAgara jala se bhara jAtA hai| sAgara cAhe ki mere bhItara nadiyA~ praviSTa na hoM, ve mujhe jala se na bhareM, yaha kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki sAgara ke cAroM ora ke chora khule haiN| koI taTabandha athavA bAndha nahIM banA huA hai| isI prakAra jAgatika AtmA rUpI samudra ke cAroM ora karma rUpI jala ke Ane ke chora athavA dvAra udghATita hoM, aisI sthiti meM karma nizcita rUpeNa aayeNge| AtmA kI rAgAtmaka evaM dveSAtmaka athavA kaSAya-saMyukta pariNAmadhArA karma-paramANuoM ke AkarSaNa kA kAraNa avazya banatI .. 128 svAdhyAya zikSA

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hai| vaha una karma pudgala paramANuoM ko AkRSTa karane kI kriyA bhI hai| ye donoM hI Azrava ke rUpa haiN| inameM prathama 'bhAvAzrava' hai aura 'dravyAzrava' usakA kArya hai| Azrava zubha rUpa bhI hai aura azubha rUpa bhI hai| puNya kA Azrava zubha hai, jabaki pApa kA Azrava azubha hotA hai| Azrava ke mUlataH paMcavidha bheda haiM"- mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| ye pA~coM bheda vAstava meM Azrava rUpI Aga ke utpAdaka evaM uttejaka haiN| isIliye ye 'heya' haiN| 04. saMvara saMvara' tatsama zabda hai| prastuta zabda prAkRta aura saMskRta ina donoM bhASAoM meM prayukta huA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM isa zabda kA pracura prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai|" sam upasarga-purassara 'vRJ' varaNe dhAtu se 'ap' pratyaya prayukta karane para 'saMvara' zabda niSpanna huA hai| saMvara vastutaH Azrava nirodha kI prakriyA hai| Azrava dvAroM ko avaruddha kara denA, Azrava janita doSoM kA parivarjana karanA "saMvara" hai| saMvara aura Azrava ye donoM eka dUsare ke liye vijAtIya haiN| yaha sunizcita hai ki puNya aura pApa ye donoM hI kramazaH zubha evaM azubha Azrava haiN| saMvara ina donoM AzravoM tathA unake zubha-azubha upayogoM se AtmA ko haTA kara use zuddhopayoga rUpa dharma meM susthira kara detA hai| vAstava meM saMvara Azrava-nirodha kI kriyA hai," paddhati hai aura sAdhana hai| saMvara kI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se naye karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotA hai aura yaha AtmA kI jAgRti, vikAsa evaM svarUpa meM sthiratA ke liye upAdeya tattva hai| isake mukhya pA~ca bheda haiM- samyaktva, virati, apramAda, akaSAya aura ayog| ye pA~coM bheda Azrava ke virodhI haiM aura AdhyAtmika samutkarSa ke kramika sopAna haiN| dravya-saMvara aura bhAva-saMvara ke rUpa meM saMvara do prakAra kA pratipAdita hai|" AtmA ke moha, rAga, dveSa Adi Antarika vaibhAvika pariNAmoM kA nirodha karanA "bhAva saMvara" hai| jabaki AtmA ke nimitta se yoga dvAroM se praviSTa hone vAle karma-pudgaloM kA nirodha karanA "dravya saMvara" hai| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMvara jIva kA svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA pramukha kAraNa hotA hai| ataeva vaha svAnubhUti kA rAjamArga hai| . 04. kaSAya ___'kasAya' AgamIya zabda hai, jo jaina Agama meM eka pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai| yaha vaha zabda hai, jisakA pracura prayoga jaina Agama vAGmaya meM bahuvidha pariprekSya meM paridRzyamAna hai| 'kasAya' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai, jisakA svAdhyAya zikSA - 129

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saMskRta rUpAntara 'kaSAya' hai| kaSa aura Aya ina do zabdoM ke yoga se "kaSAya" zabda kA gaThana huA hai| 'kaSa' zabda kA artha 'karma' hai arthAt janma-maraNa hai aura 'Aya' kA artha 'lAbha' hai| jisase karmoM kA Aya athavA bandhana hotA hai, jisase jIvAtmA ko punaH punaH janma-mRtyu ke caMkramaNa meM par3anA par3atA hai, vAstava meM vahI vRtti "kaSAya" hai| jo manovRttiyA~ AtmA ko kaluSita kara detI haiM, jinake prabhAva se AtmA apane svabhAva se vimukha ho jAtA hai ve kaSAya haiN| Avega aura lAlasA viSayaka vRttiyA~ kaSAya kA prajanana karatI haiM aura ina vividha vRttiyoM kA nAnA prakAra se vyavahAra kaSAya-kautuka ko janma detA hai| jo krodha, mAna Adi jIvoM ke sukha-duHkha rUpa bahuta prakAra ke dhAnya ko utpanna karane vAle karma rUpa kheta kA karSaNa karate haiM arthAt jotate haiM aura jinake liye saMsAra kI cAroM gatiyAM maryAdA athavA meMDa rUpa haiM ve "kaSAya" haiN| jo kASAya rasa ke samAna hai vaha kaSAya hai| jaise bar3a Adi vRkSoM kA kASAya rasa zleSa arthAt cipakane kA kAraNa hai| cAritra-pariNAmoM kA karSaNa arthAt ghAta karane ke kAraNa krodhAdi catuSTaya kaSAya kahalAte haiN| krodhAdi pariNAma AtmA ko durgati meM le jAne ke kAraNa Atmika svarUpa kA karSaNa arthAt hanana karate haiM, isa kAraNa ve kaSAya kahalAte haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki krodhAdi rUpa kAluSya hI kaSAya haiN| kaSAya ke mUlataH cAra bheda haiM - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhA saMkSepa meM kaSAya ke do bheda haiM- prathama rAga hai aura dUsarA dveSa hai|" mAyA aura lobha ye donoM rAga ke antargata haiM jabaki krodha evaM mAna inakA antarbhAva dveSa ke aMtargata ho jAtA hai| kaSAya ke jo bhI bheda-prabheda haiM ve apekSA ke AdhAra para AdhRta haiN| karmabandha ke do kAraNa hai-prathama yoga hai dvitIya kaSAya hai| prakRti evaM pradeza ina donoM kA bandha yoga se hotA hai tathA sthiti evaM anubhAga ina donoM kA bandha kaSAya se hotA hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to kaSAya hI karmabandha kA mUla evaM mukhya hetu hai| vAstava meM kaSAya kA Avega prabala hotA hai| janma-mRtyu rUpa viSavRkSa kaSAya se harA bharA rahatA hai| vAstava meM kaSAya eka aisA kautuka hai, jo AtmA ko karma jAla meM jakar3a letA hai| 06. samiti 'samiI' yaha AgamIya pAribhASika zabda hai| prastuta zabda kA prayoga jainAgamoM meM bahuvidha sthaloM para huA hai|" 'samiI' kA saMskRta rUpAntara "samiti" banatA hai| 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka 'iN' dhAtu meM 'ktin' pratyaya karane para "samiti" zabda nirmita hotA hai| 'samiti' zabda kA artha 'sabhA' bhI hai| kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se samiti kA artha isa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai- zramaNa kI cAritra meM jo samyak pravRtti hai, 130 svAdhyAya zikSA

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vaha samiti hai| prANI pIr3A kA parihAra karate hue samyak prakAra se pravRtti karanA samiti hai| vAstava meM cAritra ke anukUla hone vAlI pravRtti ko samiti kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para samiti kA vargIkaraNa pA~ca prakAra se huA hai|" unake nAma haiM- IryA samiti, bhASA samiti, eSaNA samiti, AdAna- nikSepaNa samiti aura pratiSThApanA smiti| ina paMcavidha samitiyoM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karane vAlA zramaNa pApakarmoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai| vAstava meM vivekayukta pravRtti "samiti" hai| 07 pratikramaNa 'paDikkamaNa' Agamika zabda hai| prastuta zabda kA pracurarUpeNa prayoga jainAgamoM meM spaSTataH huA hai| " paDikkamaNa kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'pratikramaNa' hotA hai| 'prati' upasarga 'kramu' pAda nikSepe dhAtu se 'pratikramaNa' zabda niSpAdita huA hai| 'prati' kA tAtparya 'pratikUla' hai aura 'krama' dhAtu kA artha 'pada nikSepa' hai| sAdhaka jina pravRttiyoM se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa svasthAna se haTa kara mithyAtva, ajJAna tathA asaMyama rUpa para-sthAna meM calA gayA hai usakA punarapi apane Apa meM lauTa AnA, pratikramaNa hai| pApa kSetra se Atma-: -zuddhi ke kSetra meM AnA 'pratikramaNa' kahalAtA hai / prAyazcitta ke dazavidha bhedoM meM " pratikramaNa " dvitIya prakAra hai|" niyama bhaMga ko aparAdha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara punaH usase lauTa AnA arthAt bhaviSya meM use na karane kI pratijJA karanA hI pratikramaNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AparAdhika sthiti se anaparAdhika sthiti meM lauTa AnA "pratikramaNa" hai| AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa meM paryApta antara yaha hai ki AlocanA meM aparAdha ko punaH sevana na karane kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai, jabaki pratikramaNa meM aisA karanA Avazyaka hai, anivArya hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki mana, vacana aura kAya se jo azubha AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, dUsare janoM ke dvArA karAyA jAtA hai tathA anyAnya vyaktiyoM ke dvArA Acarita pApAcaraNa kA jo anumodana kiyA jAtA hai, ina sabakI nivRtti ke liye kRta pApoM kI samIkSA karanA aura punaH punaH na karane kI pratijJA karanA " pratikramaNa" hai| zubha yoga se azubha yoga kI ora gaye hue apane Apako punarapi zubha yoga meM lauTA lAnA 'pratikramaNa' hai|" maiM mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya evaM azubha yoga meM calA gayA hU~ to mujhe punaH samyaktva, vrata, apramAda, akaSAya aura zubha yoga meM AnA caahie| isI dRSTi se ina pA~coM kA pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yathArthatA yaha hai ki pratikramaNa adhyAtma - sAdhanA kA prANabhUta tattva hai, Atma-zodhana kI viziSTa evaM variSTha kalA hai aura jIvana pariSkAra kI prabhAvI prakriyA hai / 31 32 svAdhyAya zikSA 131

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} 08. anuyoga 33 34 'aNuoga' yaha prAkRta bhASA kA rUpa hai| ukta zabda jainAgamoM meM bahuvidha sthaloM para saprasaMga prayukta huA hai| " 'aNuoga' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'anuyoga' hai / 'anu' upasarga purassara 'yuj' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya karane para 'anuyoga' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| jisakA artha 'pariccheda' athavA 'prakaraNa' hai / " vAstava meM 'anuyoga' zabda yoM to saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA yathAyogya yoga karane ke artha meM hai / parantu yahA~ para anuyoga zabda zAstra meM pratipAdita pratyeka vastu kA bahuvidha pahaluoM se vizleSaNa karane ke artha meM hai, vAstava meM zabda do prakAra ke hote haiN| prathama 'yaugika' aura dvitIya 'rUDha' / unameM se kaI zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiM jo bhinna-bhinna deza kAla meM bhinna-bhinna artha prasaMga ke anusAra pracalita haiM / kintu prayogakartA ke Azaya ke anusAra eka artha spaSTataH pramukha rahatA hai| tadanusAra anuyoga zabda ke do artha apekSita haiN| prathama artha - sUtra ke anukUla artha kA yoga karanA hai / dvitIya artha - eka - eka viSaya ke anurUpa arthAt sadRza viSayoM kA yoga karanA athavA vargIkaraNa saMkalana krnaa| 'anuyoga' meM jo 'anu' upasarga hai usakA artha 'anukUla' hai| 'anu' kA artha pazcAdbhAva athavA stoka hai / usa dRSTi se artha ke pazcAt jAyamAna athavA stoka sUtra ke sAtha jo yoga hai, vaha 'anuyoga' kahalAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki anuyojana ko 'anuyoga' kahA hai| 'anuyoga' yahA~ para jor3ane athavA saMyukta karane ke artha meM vyavahRta hai| jisase eka-dUsare ko saMbaMdhita kiyA jA sake jo bhagavat kathana se saMyojita karatA hai vaha anuyoga hai| anuyoga meM 'anu' kA prAkRta rUpAntara 'aNu' banatA hai| sUtra 'aNu' arthAt sUkSma hotA hai, laghukAya rUpa hotA hai, choTA sA hotA hai / eka hI sUtra ke ananta artha hone se usa sUtra kA artha mahAn hotA hai| isa prakAra aNu sUtra ke sAtha mahAn artha kA yoga saMbaMdha sthApita karanA 'anuyoga' kahalAtA hai / 'anuyoga' zabda kA anya artha isa rUpa meM bhI kiyA hai- anuyoga arthAt vyAkhyA / vyAkhyeya vastu ke AdhAra para anuyoga kA vargIkaraNa cAra prakAra se huA hai| unake mukhya bheda ye haiM- caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga / ina cAra bhedoM ke atirikta anuyoga ke 'prathamAnuyoga aura 'gaNDikAnuyoga' ye do bheda bhI pratipAdita hue haiN| " niSkarSa yaha hai ki sUtra ke artha ko arthAt vyAkhyA karane kI paddhatiyoM ko 'anuyoga' zabda se parilakSita kiyA gayA hai aura anuyoga ke AdhAra para viSayAnusAra vargIkaraNa karane se eka viSaya kA samagra varNana yugapat rUpa se prApta ho jAtA hai| 35 132 svAdhyAya zikSA

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09. zramaNa 37 'samaNa' yaha prAkRta bhASA kA mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| jaina Agama - sAhitya kA jaba bhI sarvekSaNa aura anvIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba yaha " samaNa" zabda na kevala zatazaH apitu sahasrazaH dRSTigata hotA hai / vAstava meM jainAgamoM meM yaha zabda bahudhA prayukta huA hai| " 'samaNa' zabda ke saMskRta rUpAntara cAra banate haiN| ve haiM - zramaNa, zamana, samana evaM smnn| artha kI dRSTi se ukta zabdoM meM paryAptarUpeNa antara hai / 'zramaNa' zabda 'zram' dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| jo mokSa - prApti ke lie zrama arthAt parizrama karatA hai, tapa karatA hai, vaha 'zramaNa' hai| 'zramaNa' zabda se yaha abhivyakta hotA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti kA Adarza pratIka zramaNa svayaM zrama se apanA AdhyAtmika samutkarSa karatA hai, svayaM zrama se mokSa prApta karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM vaha tapasyA se kSINakAya tathA tapasvI "zramaNa" kahalAtA hai / " samaNa' kA dvitIya saMskRta rUpAntara 'zamana' hai| zamana kA artha hai - jo apane rAga-dveSa rUpa kaSAya kA zamana karatA hai, kaSAya ko upazAnta kara detA hai, vaha vastutaH zamana kahalAtA hai / 'samaNa' kA tRtIya saMskRta rUpa 'samana' banatA hai / sarva jIvoM ko AtmatulA kI dRSTi se tolane vAlA samatAyogI "samana" kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM rAga-dveSa se rahita madhyastha vRtti vAlA 'samana' hotA hai / " niSkarSa yaha hai ki jo kisI se dveSa nahIM karatA hai, jisako sarvajIva samAna bhAvena priya haiM aura vaha apane mana ko zatru mitra, nindA - stuti, udaya-asta, kaMcana- kAMca tathA lAbha-hAni meM saMtulita rakhakara samatA bhAva meM avasthita rahatA hai, yahI 'samana' zabda kA artha aura Azaya hai| 'samaNa' kA caturtha rUpa saMskRta bhASA meM 'samaNa' banatA hai| jo sarva jIvAtmAoM ke sAtha samAna rUpa se vyavahAra karatA hai| anya ke sukha aura duHkha ko apane samAna samajhatA hai aura sarva jIvoM ke sAtha sthAyI rUpa se maitrI bhAva saMsthApita karatA hai vaha samaNa hai / " 'zramaNa' muni aura nirgrantha kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai / vAstava meM 'zramaNa' zramaNa-saMskRti kA sajaga praharI hotA hai, usake jIvana meM saMyama aura samatA kA 'maNikAMcana saMyoga' parilakSita hotA hai| 39 40 10. AcArya 'Ayariya' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai| jaina Agama vAGmaya meM prastuta zabda kA aneka sthaloM para spaSTataH prayoga huA hai|" 'Ayariya' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'AcArya' banatA hai| 'AG' upasarga pUrvaka 'car' gatibhakSaNayoH dhAtu se 'AcArya' zabda nirmita huA hai| AcArya zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha isa prakAra se pratipAdita hai"- 'A' svAdhyAya zikSA 133

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arthAt maryAdApUrvaka athavA maryAdA ke sAtha jo bhavya janoM dvArA caryA arthAt sevanIya hai vaha 'AcArya' hai| jinendra tIrthakara dvArA prarUpita AgamIya jJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara use AtmasAta karane kI utkaTa utkaNThA vAle antevAsiyoM dvArA jo vinaya Adi pUrNa maryAdApUrvaka sevita ho unako 'AcArya' kahA jAtA hai| jo sUtra aura artha ubhaya ke parijJAtA hoM, utkRSTa lakSaNoM se saMyukta hoM, caturvidha saMgha ke lie meDhibhUta arthAt AdhAra stambha ke samAna hoM, jo apane gaNa-gaccha athavA saMgha ko samasta prakAra ke saMtApoM se pUrNataH vimukta rakhane meM sarvathA sakSama hoM tathA jo apane ziSyoM ko jainAgamoM kI gUDhArtha sahita vAcanA dete hoM, unheM AcArya kahate haiN| jo paMcavidha AcAra arthAt jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapa-AcAra aura vIryAcAra kA svayaM samyak prakAra se prapAlana, prakAzana, prasAraNa tathA upadeza karate haiM tathA apane antevAsiyoM se bhI usI prakAra kA AcaraNa karavAte haiM, unheM "AcArya" kahA jAtA hai| AcArya ko pradIpa kI upamA se upamita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM prakAzita hote hue auroM ko bhI prakAzamAna kara detA hai tathA usase anya zatazaH sahasrazaH dIpa pradIpta kiye jA sakate haiN| zramaNa saMgha meM katipaya padoM kI vyAkhyA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| dharma saMgha kA zramaNa-zramaNIvarga sudRr3ha saMgaThana tathA pUrNarUpeNa anuzAsana meM rahate hue samyag rIti se jJAnArAdhanA tathA adhyAtma sAdhanA kA nirantara uttarottara samutkarSa, dharma kA pracAra-prasAra-prabhAvanA-abhyutthAna tathA nirdoSa rUpeNa saMyama aura jIvana kA nirvAha kara sake, isI dRSTi se dharma saMgha meM padoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI haiN| saptavidha padoM kA jahA~ ullekha prApta hotA hai vahAM AcArya kA pada sarvaprathama hai|" yaha yathArthapUrNa kathana hai ki caturvidha dharma saMgha meM 'AcArya' kA pada apratima, gaurava garimApUrNa evaM sarvopari mAnA jAtA hai| jaina dharma ke saMgaThana, saMcAlana, saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana, anuzAsana tathA sarvatomukhI samutkarSa kA sAmUhika evaM mukhya uttaradAyitva AcArya para rahatA hai| vAstava meM AcArya ko tIrthakara ke samAna evaM sakala saMgha kA netra batAyA gayA hai| AcArya ke prabhAvI vyaktitva ke mAdhyama se caturvidha dharmasaMgha meM sauhArda kA saMcAra hotA hai, phalataH zrIsaMgha vikasita evaM samunnata banatA hai| 11. dhyAna 'jhANa' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai| jaina Agama-sAhitya meM ukta zabda kA prayoga bahuvidha-saMdarbho meM huA hai| 'jhANa' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'dhyAna' banatA hai| 'dhyai' cintAyAm dhAtu se 'lyuT' pratyaya hone para 'dhyAna' zabda nirmita hotA hai| cetanA ... 134 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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do prakAra kI hai- prathama 'cala' cetanA aura dvitIya 'sthira' cetanA hai| caMcala cetanA kI saMjJA 'citta' hai tathA 'sthira' cetanA kA nAma 'dhyAna' hai| jaise agni kI aparispandamAna jvAlA ko 'zikhA' kahA jAtA hai vaise hI caMcalatA se rahita cetanA ko 'dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai| kisI eka viSaya meM nirantara jJAna kI anubhUti hote rahanA 'dhyAna' hai| isa nirantaratA ko 'ekAgratA' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai arthAt 'ekAgrajJAna' dhyAna hai| prastuta kathana meM 'ekAgra' kA Azaya 'vyagratA-rahita' liyA jaayegaa| yaha dhyAna mana, vANI aura zarIra kI pravRttiyoM ko yugapad arthAt eka sAtha avaruddha karane para hotA hai tathA ina tInoM kI pRthak-pRthak pravRtti ko rokane para bhI hotA hai| isI dRSTi se mAnasika dhyAna, vAcika dhyAna aura kAyika dhyAna isa prakAra dhyAna ko trividha rUpa meM rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA kA AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ke viSaya meM ekAgratA-purassara, cintana aura manana karanA yathArtha rUpeNa dhyAna hai aura yahI dhyAna zreyaskara hai| 12. saMlekhanA . 'saMlehaNA' zabda prAkRta bhASA kA hai| isa zabda kA prayoga Agama-sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai|" saMlehaNA ke do saMskRta rUpAntara prApta hote haiN| prathama 'saMlekhanA' hai aura dvitIya 'sallekhanA' hai| 'likha lekhane' dhAtu se 'yuc' pratyaya karane para 'lekhanA' zabda niSpanna huA hai| ukta zabda meM 'sam' upasarga prayukta karane para saMlekhanA evaM 'sat' jor3ane para sallekhanA zabda niSpanna hotA hai| ye donoM rUpa jaina vAGmaya meM samprApta haiN| jisa kriyA ke dvArA zarIra aura kaSAya ko durbala evaM kRza . kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'saMlekhanA' hai| isI artha aura Azaya ko anya sthala para svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| carama anazana kI vidhi ko 'saMlekhanA' kahA gayA hai| 'sallekhanA' yaha zabda 'sat' aura 'lekhanA' ina donoM ke saMyoga se nirmita huA hai| sat kA artha 'samyak' hai aura lekhanA kA Azaya 'kRza' karanA hai| samIcIna rUpa se kRza karanA, . yaha sallekhanA kA abhipreta abhiprAya hai| kAya aura kaSAya ye donoM karmabandha ke mUlabhUta hetu haiN| isIliye unako kRza karanA hI sallekhanA hai| isI bhAva kA sazakta zabdoM meM samarthana bhI prApta hotA hai| vahA~ maraNa ke do prakAra pratipAdita hue haiM-'nityamaraNa' aura tdbhvmrnn| tadbhavamaraNa ko sudhArane ke liye 'saMlekhanA' kA spaSTataH varNana hai| jahA~ maraNa ke saptadaza bhedoM kA spaSTataH ullekha prApta hotA hai, vahA~ 'tadbhavamaraNa' kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| 'kAya' saMlekhanA ko bAhya saMlekhanA kahate haiM tathA kaSAya saMlekhanA ko Abhyantara saMlekhanA kahA gayA hai| sAdhanAzIla svAdhyAya zikSA 135

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sAdhaka bAhya saMlekhanA meM Abhyantara kaSAya ko paripuSTa karane vAle kAraNoM ko zanaiH zanaiH kRza karatA hai| isa prakAra saMlekhanA meM kaSAya kSINa hone ke sAtha tana kSINa hone para bhI antarmana meM apUrva Ananda kA saMcAra hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki sAdhaka zarIra aura kaSAya ko itanA adhika kRza kara letA hai ki usase usake antarmana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kAmanA nahIM hotI hai| usake anazana meM pUrNa rUpa se sthairya A jAtA hai| anazana se zarIra kSINa ho sakatA hai, para Ayukarma kSINa na ho, aura vaha sabala ho to anazana dIrghakAla taka calatA hai| jaise dIpaka meM tela aura bAtI kA eka sAtha hI kSaya hone se dIpaka bujhatA hai| vaise hI Ayukarma aura zarIra eka sAtha kSaya hone se anazana pUrNa hotA hai| vAstava meM saMlekhanA vratarAja hai, hamAre jIvana rUpI suramya mandira kA camakatA huA svarNa kalaza hai| . 93. darzana 'dasaMNa' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai| prastuta zabda jaina Agama ke vividha saMdarbho meM prayukta huA hai| 'dasaNa' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'darzana' niSpanna hotA hai| 'dRza avalokane' bhvAdigaNI parasmaipadI dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya hone para 'darzana' zabda banatA hai| yaha dRz dhAtu se utpanna 'darzana' zabda cakSu se samudbhUta hone vAle jJAna kA bodha karAtA hai| darzana zabda kA vyutpattijanya artha tathA sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita artha bhI 'cakSu' se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna hotA hai| AMkhoM se dekhane kI isa prAmANikatA ko svIkAra karate hue 'sAkSI' zabda kA artha sAkSAt draSTA mAnA jAtA hai| 'darzana' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM vicAra kara lenA apekSita hai| darzana zabda ke mUlataH trividha artha yA Azaya haiN| prathama artha yathArtha dRSTikoNa hai, dvitIya artha zraddhA hai tathA tRtIya artha anubhUti hai| isameM anubhUtiparaka artha kA saMbaMdha to jJAnamImAMsA se hai aura isa saMdarbha meM vaha jJAna kA pUrvavartI hai| yadi hama 'darzana' kA dRSTikoNa paraka artha lete haiM to sAdhanA mArga kI dRSTi se use prathama sthAna denA caahie| kyoMki yadi mAnava kA dRSTikoNa hI mithyA hai, ayathArtha hai to na usakA jJAna samyak hogA aura na cAritra hI samyak ho sakatA hai| avicala zraddhA evaM aTUTa AsthA to jJAna ke anantara hI utpanna ho sakatI hai etadartha aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jisameM 'darzana' kA artha 'zraddhA' paraka kiyA gayA hai aura use jJAna ke bAda sthAna diyA gayA hai| jJAna ke dvArA padArtha ke svarUpa ko jAne aura darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kre| mAnava ke svAnubhava arthAt jJAna ke pazcAt jo zraddhA utpanna hotI hai, usameM jo sthAyitva hotA hai vaha jJAnAbhAva meM prApta huI zraddhA se nahIM ho sakatA hai| jJAnAbhAva meM jo zraddhA hotI 136 svAdhyAya zikSA

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hai usameM saMzaya hone kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| aisI zraddhA yathArtha zraddhA nahIM, apitu andhazraddhA hI hotI hai| yadyapi adhyAtmasAdhanA ke liye aura AcaraNa ke liye samyak zraddhA anivArya tattva hai aura yaha zraddhA jJAna prasUta honI caahiye| mere vinamra mantavya ke anusAra yathArtha dRSTi paraka artha meM samyagdarzana ko jJAna ke pUrva lenA cAhie, jabaki zraddhA paraka artha meM samyagdarzana ko jJAna ke anantara sthAna denA caahie| yaha suspaSTa hai ki cAritra kI apekSA jJAna evaM darzana ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| cAritra, jJAna aura darzana ina tInoM kA paraspara saMbaMdha hai aura apekSAkRta antara bhI hai| cAritra sAdhanA-mArga meM gati hai, jabaki jJAna-sAdhanA patha kA bodha hai aura darzana yaha vizvAsa jAgrata kara detA hai ki vaha mArga use apane nizcita lakSya bindu kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| vAstava meM dRSTikoNa athavA zraddhA hI eka aisA mUlabhUta prANa rUpa tattva hai jo jana-jana ke jJAna evaM AcaraNa ina donoM kA yathArtharUpeNa dizA nirdeza karatA hai| samyagdRSTi se hI tapa, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa sarvathA rUpeNa saphala hote haiN| samyag aura darzana ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se nirmita samyagdarzana kA Azaya hai acchI prakAra se dekhnaa| vikAra vihIna dRSTi se dekhnaa| nayana kI vikRti hamAre cakSuindriya ke bodha ko vikRta kara detI hai| AdhyAtmika jagata meM rAga aura dveSa hamArI dRSTi ko vikRta kara dete haiN| jisake phalasvarUpa hama satya kA yathArtha rUpa meM darzana nahIM kara pAte haiN| yaha eka jJAtavya bindu hai ki samyagdarzana zabda zraddhA, deva, guru evaM dharma ke prati zraddhA ke artha meM bhI rUr3ha hai, pracalita hai|" tattvabhUta padArthoM para zraddhA karanA 'samyagdarzana' hai| itanA sA lakSaNa mAna kara kisI vyakti kI tattvabhUta padArthoM para zraddhA taba taka samyak zraddhA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, jaba taka vaha vyakti tattva kyA hai? ve kitane haiM? unakA artha athavA bhAva kyA hai? una para zraddhAna kyoM aura kaise kiyA jAe? una tattvoM kA svarUpa kyA hai? ina aura inase saMdarbhita tathyoM ko gaharAI se na samajha le| jo padArtha heya, upAdeya aura jJeya jaisA jisa rUpa meM avasthita hai usakA jinendra bhagavantoM ne vaisA svarUpa batA kara, ina navavidha athavA saptavidha padArthoM kI tattvarUpatA suspaSTa kara dI hai| etadartha ye hI jinokta padArtha tattvabhUta mAne jAte haiN| hAM, inake nAma anya darzanoM meM cAhe aura hoM, parantu tattvataH ye hI padArtha samyagdRSTi ke lie zraddhAna yogya haiN| parama zraddheya rUpa haiM, vizvasanIya haiN| AdhyAtmika yAtrA kI prAthamika ur3Ana ke lie 'samyak zraddhA' kI prathama pAMkha ke rUpa meM 'tattvArthazraddhAna' pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| samyak zraddhA kI dvitIya pAMkha deva, guru evaM dharma para zraddhAna hai| adhyAtma yAtrA kI aMtima maMjila para pahuMcane ke liye ina donoM pAMkhoM kI svAdhyAya zikSA - 137

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AvazyakatA hai| AtmA kI athavA adhyAtma kI sAdhanA apane Apa meM nirAlamba hai| parantu sAdhya taka pahuMcane ke lie zuddhatama AlambanoM kI nitAnta apekSA hai| jisa AdhyAtmika yAtrI ko tattvArtha zraddhAna ho gayA hai use deva, guru evaM dharma rUpa trividha zraddheyoM ke prati zraddhAna avazya honA caahie| kyoMki jo tattvabhUta padArtha pratipAdita hue haiM unake prarUpaka mArgadarzaka to deva, guru aura dharma hI haiN| isaliye isa tripuTI para acala zraddhAna honA anivArya hai| 'darzana' zabda jaba vicAra ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai taba dharma kA Azaya 'AcAra' se liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra ke rUpa meM AcAra-vicAra kA samanvaya sthApita ho jAtA hai| 14. saMvega 'saMvega' zabda prAkRta aura saMskRta ina donoM bhASAoM meM eka jaisA hI hai| etadartha bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se yaha zabda 'tatsama' kahalAtA hai| 'sam' upasarga-purassara 'vij' dhAtu se 'saMvega' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| yaha AgamIya zabda bhI hai evaM Agametara vAGmaya meM bhI isakA prayoga huA hai| 'vij' dhAtu kA prathama artha 'kAMpanA' hai tathA dvitIya artha 'daur3anA' arthAt tIvra gati karanA hai| indriya, mana aura mati ina tInoM kA vega jaba UrdhvamukhI ho jAtA hai taba vaha vega 'saMvega' kahalAtA hai| vaiSayika sukhoM kI prApti hetu daur3a lagAnA 'adhomukhI vega' hai| mokSa- sukha evaM Atma-sukha kI ora daur3a lagAnA 'UrdhvamukhI vega' hai| jaba AtmA ko svAnubhUti, AtmAnubhUti athavA AtmA ke saccidAnandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti, paramAtma-svarUpa kI prApti kI tIvratA athavA utkaTa utkaNThA jAgatI hai, taba usa vega ko saMvega kahA jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki mokSa-sukha kI abhilASA vastutaH saMvega hai| samyagdarzana ke jo paMcavidha rUpa se lakSaNa haiM unameM 'saMvega' dvitIya lakSaNa hai| saMvega vaha vilakSaNa lakSaNa hai jisake mAdhyama se samyagdRSTi kI spaSTataH pahacAna ho jAtI hai, parakha ho jAtI hai| 'saMvega' kA zuddhatama phala 'mokSa sukha' hai, jisako prApta kara adhyAtma sAdhaka kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| 15. AcAra 'AyAra' zabda prAkRta bhASA kA mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| jaina Agama-sAhitya ke vividha saMdarbho meM isa zabda kA vizeSa rUpeNa prayoga huA hai|" AyAra zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'AcAra' banatA hai| 'AG' upasarga purassara 'car' gatibhakSaNayoH dhAtu se "AcAra" zabda kI niSpatti huI hai| AcAra zabda aneka AzayoM aura bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| jaise nIti, dharma, karttavya tathA naitikatA ke 138 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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abhiprAya meM bhI 'AcAra' zabda abhivyakta huA hai| dharma eka sarvathA vyApaka zabda hai aura 'AcAra' zabda bhI utanA hI adhika vyApaka hai| mAnava ke karttavya ke rUpa meM jina-jina niyamoM evaM upaniyamoM kA honA apekSita hai, Avazyaka hai, ve samagra niyama, AcAra evaM dharma ke antargata samAhita ho jAte haiN| AcAra kA saMbaMdha AcAra kI ucitatA aura anucitatA se hai|aacaar hI eka aisA prANabhUta tattva hai, jo mAnavIya AcaraNa ke Adarza kI spaSTataH mImAMsA karatA hai| mAnava AcaraNa kI kyA-kyA vizeSatAe~ haiM, yaha jAnakara hI usakA Adarza nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnavIya AcaraNa kA sUkSmatama vizleSaNa usakA yathArtha svarUpa evaM srota Adi kA talasparzI adhyayana manovijJAna meM hotA hai| vAstava meM AcAra Adarza nirdezaka vijJAna hai| jaina paramparA AcAravAdI paramparA hai| prastuta paramparA meM tattvavAda kI apekSA AcAra kI vyAkhyA aura vivecanA adhika huI hai| AcAra aura cAritra ye donoM zabda ekArthaka haiN| jaina paramparA kA AcAra-pakSa vyavasthita, suvistRta aura bahuAyAmI hai| yahA~ dharma kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se huA hai| aMza rUpa se cAritra kI ArAdhanA karanA 'AgAra dharma' hai aura AmUlacUla akhaNDa cAritra kI ArAdhanA karanA 'anagAra dharma' kahalAtA hai| inako kramazaH gRhastha dharma evaM muni dharma bhI kahA jAtA hai| 'AgAra dharma' ekadeza dharma hai, zrAvaka-AcAra hai tathA anagAra dharma sarvadeza dharma arthAt zramaNa-AcAra hai| AcAra kI upayogitA evaM usakA mUlya mahattva isI meM nihita hai ki vaha mokSa prApti kA ananya nimitta liye hue hai aura AcAra, kalpa evaM samAcArI ina tInoM zabdoM ke artha meM paryApta rUpeNa antara hai| jaina paramparA meM guNa kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se huA hai| prathama mUla guNa haiM aura dvitIya uttara guNa haiN| mUla guNoM ko AcAra kahA gayA hai tathA kalpa evaM samAcArI ina do zabdoM kA prayoga uttara guNoM ke liye kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki 'AcAra' AgamIya zabda hai, jaina paramparA kA paryAya hai| isakI arthavattA vastutaH prANavattA liye hue hai| AcAra vihIna vicAra niSphala hotA hai| etadartha AcAra AcaraNIya hai aura AdaraNIya bhI hai| 16 prakRti 'payaDI' aura 'pagaDI' ye donoM prAkRta bhASA ke zabda haiN| jaina Agama-sAhitya meM ina donoM zabdoM kA pracura prayoga bahuvidha saMdarbho meM prApta hotA hai|" ina donoM zabdoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'prakRti' banatA hai| 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'DukRJ' karaNe dhAtu se 'ktin' pratyaya lagane para 'prakRti' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| jahA~ navavidha aura saptavidha tattva kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai vahAM bandha tattva ke caturvidha bheda kA svAdhyAya zikSA - - - 139

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68 69 samullekha prApta hotA hai|" unameM sarvaprathama prakAra 'prakRti' bandha hai / zakti, lakSaNa, vizeSa, dharma, rUpa, guNa, svabhAva, zIla aura AkRti ye sabhI zabda prakRti ke ekArthavAcI haiN|" jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa prabhRti aSTavidha karmoM kA jo svabhAva hai, vaha prakRti bandha hai|" prakRti bandha ke mUla rUpa se do prakAra haiN| prathama mUla prakRti hai aura dvitIya uttara prakRti hai| mUla prakRti evaM uttara prakRti ke aneka prakAra haiM aura inake viSaya meM vistAra se varNana prApta hotA hai / " AtmA se lipta hote samaya karma jIva ke mana, vacana evaM kAya ke yoga kI zubhatA, azubhatA, mandatA - tIvratA prabhRti kAraNoM se vizeSa prakAra kI pariNati tathA AtmA ke vizeSa guNoM ko AvRtta, kuNThita evaM vikRta karane kA svabhAva lekara baddha hote haiN| isa baMdha ko hI prakRti bandha kahA jAtA hai| yaha vAstava meM svabhAva nirNayAtmaka bandha kahalAtA hai / jaise prANiyoM ke svabhAva ke AdhAra para unakA pRthakkaraNa athavA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI karmoM ke svabhAva se unakA vargIkaraNa athavA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma kA bandha athavA zleSa hone ke sAtha hI usa karma ke svabhAva kA vizleSaNa svataH ho jAtA hai| AtmA dvArA gRhIta karma kA svabhAva kaisA hai ? athavA kaisA hogA? isakA nirNaya karma-bandha ke samaya meM ho jAtA hai| bAndhA huA karma kisa prakAra kA phala degA? isakA spaSTataH nirNaya karma kI prakRti arthAt svabhAva se ho jAtA hai| prakRti bandha arthAt karma kI prakRti kA nirNaya AtmA ke dvArA gRhIta karma - pudgaloM ke bandha ke sAtha hI ho jAtA hai| prakRti bandha svayaM hI ukta karma ke svabhAva kA vizleSaNa, sunirNaya aura pariNAma dene kA adhikAra rakhatA hai| yaha tathya hai ki jIva jaisA - jaisA citra-vicitra yoga tathA upayoga karatA hai usake nimitta se vaisI-vaisI hI citra-vicitra zaktiyA~ athavA prakRtiyA~ usa kArmaNa zarIra meM par3a jAtI haiM, aMkita ho jAtI haiN| katipaya karma vargaNAe~ kisI eka prakRti tathA dUsarI kisI prakRti ko dhAraNa kara letI haiN| jisa prakAra eka hI virATkAya vRkSa kASTha, patra, puSpa, phala, prabhRti ke rUpa meM aneka jAtIyatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai athavA jisa prakAra eka hI zarIra hasta, pAda, jihvA, karNa, cakSu, prabhRti ke rUpa meM calane-phirane, grahaNa karane, bolane, sunane, dekhane ityAdi rUpa aneka zaktiyoM athavA prakRtiyoM ko prApta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra eka hI kArmaNa zarIra bhinna-bhinna prakRtiyoM ko prApta kara aneka aMgoM athavA bhedoM vAlA ho jAtA hai / yadyapi karma tathA unakI prakRti indriya- pratyakSa nahIM hai tathApi unake nimitta se hone vAle kArya arthAt apane antaraMga bhAva, zarIra tathA saMyoga-viyoga Adi sabhI ke pratyakSa haiN| ina para se 140 svAdhyakSa

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unakI kAraNabhUta prakRtiyoM kA sahajataH anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna karanA nyAyocita hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki prakRti bandha kA jo bhI kArya hai vaha vAstava meM karmoM ke bhinna svabhAva ko sUcita karatA hai| 17 bhAva 'bhAva' zabda prAkRta evaM saMskRta ina donoM bhASAoM meM samAna rUpeNa prayukta hotA hai| etadartha yaha tatsama zabda hai| ukta bhAva zabda kA pracura prayoga jaina Agama-sAhitya ke aneka saMdarbho meM huA hai|" bhAva aura bhAvanA ye do zabda haiN| bhAva eka vicAra hai, mana kI taraMga hai| jaba bhAva pravAha rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hai taba vaha bhAvanA ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| bhAvanA meM akhaNDa pravAha hotA hai, jisase mana meM saMskAra sthAyI ho jAte haiN| bhAva pUrva rUpa hai jabaki bhAvanA uttara rUpa hai| bhava aura bhAva ina donoM zabdoM meM eka mAtrA kA antara hai| bhava saMsAra hai, jabaki bhAva vicAra hai| jisa prakAra sAgara aura usakI taraMgoM kI abhinnatA hai usI prakAra jIva aura usake bhAva kI abhinnatA hai| sAgara kI vibhinna avasthApanna laharoM ke sadRza ye paMcavidha bhAva jIvAtmA rUpI sAgara kI avasthA rUpI lahareM haiM, paryAya haiN| inake karma-zAstrIya nAma 'aupazamika', 'kSAyika', 'kSAyopazamika', 'audayika' aura 'pAriNAmika' haiN| ina pA~ca bhAvoM ke atirikta SaSTha 'sAnnipAtika" bhAva kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra laharoM ke viSaya meM prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki lahareM kahA~ se utpanna hotI haiN| usI prakAra yaha paMcavidha bhAva kahA~ hotA hai? kahA~ rahatA hai? kahA~ se utpanna hotA haiM? aura bhAva kA adhikaraNa kyA hai? ina sarvapraznoM kA uttara yaha hai ki bhAva dravya meM hI rahatA hai athavA hotA hai, dravya se hI uThatA hai| kyoMki guNI ke binA guNoM kA rahanA asaMbhava hai| jIva dravya meM ye pA~coM bhAva rahate haiN| vAstava meM ve pA~coM jIva ke guNa yA jIva ke bhAva haiN| bahuta prakAra ke arthoM meM vistIrNa arthAt phaile hue haiN| ye paMcavidha bhAva AtmA ke asAdhAraNa dharma haiN| isaliye ye svatattva kahalAte haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ye pA~coM bhAva AtmA ke svabhAva haiN| yahA~ para asAdhAraNa kA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki ye pA~coM bhAva jIva dravya ke atirikta anya dravyoM meM nahIM hote haiN| jaise sAgara aura usakI taraMgoM meM jaladhAratva arthAt sAgaratva hai, usI prakAra jIva meM jIvatva guNa asAdhAraNa hai| vahI usakA svatattva hai jo anya dravyoM meM nahIM hotA hai| jaise sAgara aura usakI taraMgoM meM jaladhAratva arthAt sAgaratva hai, usI prakAra jIva meM jIvatva guNa asAdhAraNa hai| vahI usakA svatattva hai jo anya dravya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ina paMcavidha bhAvoM se jo dravya svAdhyAya zikSA 141 .

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yukta hai vahI jIva kahalAtA hai| paryAya kI apekSA se jIva aupazamika, kSAyopazamika Adi bhAvaparyAya rUpa hai| nizcaya se vaha ekamAtra pAriNAmika bhAva sAdhana rUpa hai| yadyapi jIva kA svarUpa upayogAtmaka hai, kintu yahA~ karmajanya avasthAoM tathA mUla svabhAva ko batalAne kI mukhya vivakSAvazAt aupazamika Adi paMcavidha bhAvoM ko jIva kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| inhIM pA~ca bhAvoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI pA~ca prakAra kI avasthAe~ athavA paryAyeM haiM, antaHkaraNa kI paMcavidha pariNatiyA~ haiN| AtmA ke paryAyoM kI bahuvidha avasthAe~ hI bhAva kahalAtI haiN| pUrvokta pA~coM bhAva sarva jIvoM meM eka sAtha hone kA niyama bhI nahIM hai| siddhamukta jIvoM meM kSAyika tathA pAriNAmika ye do bhAva pAye jAte haiN| sAMsArika jIvoM meM koI tIna bhAva vAlA, koI cAra bhAva vAlA tathA koI pAMca bhAva vAlA hotA hai| kintu yaha pUrNa spaSTa hai ki koI bhI saMsArI jIva do bhAva vAlA nahIM hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki mukta AtmA ke paryAya do bhAvoM taka tathA saMsArI AtmAoM ke paryAya tIna se lekara pA~ca bhAvoM taka pAye jAte haiN| saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvoM kI svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika avasthAe~ batAne ke liye paMcavidha bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| audayika bhAva vAle paryAya vaibhAvika haiM aura anya cAra bhAva svAbhAvika paryAya haiN| 18. yoga 'joga' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai aura jaina Agama-sAhitya kA jaba siMhAvalokana kiyA jAtA hai, adhyavasAyapUrvaka svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA hai taba yaha spaSTataH vidita hotA hai ki prastuta zabda kA prayoga vividha saMdarbho meM huA hai|" 'joga' zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'yoga' hai ataH 'joga' tadbhava zabda hai| yoga zabda saMskRta kI 'yuj' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya dvArA nirmita huA hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM yuj nAma kI do dhAtue~ haiN| unameM prathama dhAtu 'yujir yoge' hai|" isa dhAtu kA artha 'jor3anA' hai tathA dvitIya dhAtu 'yuji ca samAdhau"" mana kI sthiratA artha meM hai| yadi sarala aura sugama zabdoM meM kahA jAya to 'yoga' zabda kA artha saMbaMdha sthApita karanA tathA mAnasika, vAcika evaM zArIrika susthiratA prApta karanA- ye donoM hI isa zabda ke vAcyArtha haiN| isa prakAra sAdhana evaM sAdhya ina donoM hI rUpoM meM yoga zabda vAstava meM arthavAna hai| yoga zabda kA artha yuga se bhI hai, jisakA jyotiSazAstra kI dRSTi se prayoga 'kAlamAna' se hai| 'yuga' kA Azaya jotanA bhI hai tathA gaNitazAstra meM 'yoga' kA vAcya artha jor3a bhI hai| jaina Agama meM yoga kA artha saMyama bhI hai| jugA/vAhana ko vahana karate hue bhI baila jaise araNya ko lAMgha jAtA hai usI prakAra yoga ko svAdhyAya zikSA 142 -

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arthAt saMyama ko vahana karate hue munijana saMsAra rUpI araNya ko pAra kara jAtA hai| 'jogavaM' arthAt yogavAna prayoga prApta hotA hai|" yaha saMyama ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 'jogavAhiyAe' zabda bhI samAdhibhAva meM susthira anAsakta puruSa ke liye prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra 'yoga' zabda aneka sthAnoM para 'saMyama' evaM 'samAdhi' artha meM prApta hotA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kA vyApAra artha meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra yoga zabda jahA~ saMyama aura samAdhi ke artha meM prayukta huA hai vahA~ mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRtti ke artha meM bhI vyavahRta huA hai| jaina yoga ke do pramukha aura mahattvapUrNa sUtra haiN| prathama saMvara yoga hai evaM dvitIya tapoyoga hai| tapa ko paripuSTa karane tathA usameM gaharAI lAne ke liye dvAdaza bhAvanA kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai| ataeva 'bhAvanAyoga' bhI jaina yoga-sAdhanA paddhati kA abhinna aMga hai| yoga zabda kA vAcya artha samAdhi evaM dhyAna ke rUpa meM huA hai| isake atirikta Agametara sAhitya meM bhI samAdhi aura dhyAna ke artha meM yoga kA spaSTataH prayoga huA hai| yathArthatA yaha hai ki jo AtmA ko kevalajJAna prabhRti parama sAttvika evaM jJAna cetanA ke sAtha jor3atA hai vaha yoga hai| yoga vAstava meM AtmA ko mokSa se jor3atA hai arthAt mokSa taka pahu~cAtA hai| vastusthiti bhI yaha hai ki jahA~ yoga 'samAdhi' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai vahA~ vaha sAdhya rUpa se bhI nirdiSTa hai aura jahA~ yojana, saMyojana athavA saMyoga ke artha meM yoga kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ vaha sAdhana ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa hai| yaha tathya hai ki binA sAdhana ke sAdhya kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| samAdhi AtmA kI vikSeparahita samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai, samabhAva pariNatirUpa samAhita avasthA hai| jisameM citta kI eka prakAra kI viziSTa ekAgratA apekSita hai aura yaha citta kI ekAgratA dhyAna-sAdhya hai| mokSAbhilASI AtmA ko adhyAtma yogI banane kI saprANa preraNA pradAna kI gaI hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki cAritra vizuddhi ke liye mumukSu AtmA ko adhyAtma-yoga ke anuSThAna kI nitAntarUpeNa AvazyakatA hotI hai| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yoga jainAgamoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabda rahA hai| adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM yoga anyatra kahIM kA navAgata atithi nahIM hai, apitu cira purAtana hai| tapa, japa, saMyama, samatA, samAdhi, bhAvanA, dhyAna prabhRti ke sAtha yoga bhI eka sahayogI rUpa meM rahatA AyA hai| 19. anuprekSA 'aNuppehA' prAkRta bhASA kA eka bhAvapUrNa zabda hai| prastuta zabda kA pracura prayoga jaina Agama vAGmaya meM bahuvidha pariprekSya meM huA hai| 'aNuppehA' kA saMskRta svAdhyAya zikSA - 143

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rUpAntara 'anuprekSA' banatA hai| eka zabda 'prekSA' hai| usakA Azaya dekhanA hai, gaharAI se dekhanA hai, taTasthatA purassara dekhanA hai, kevala dekhanA hai| usameM koI cintana manana nahIM hotaa| ekamAtra prekSA hotI hai| dvitIya zabda anuprekSA hai| 'anu' aura 'pra' upasarga pUrvaka 'IkS' dhAtu se anuprekSA' zabda banA hai| prekSA ke pUrva meM 'anu' upasarga prayukta hote hI 'prekSA' zabda kA Azaya parivartita ho gyaa| abhiprAya bhI spaSTataH parivartita ho gyaa| usameM cintana-manana kA samAveza ho gyaa| isa prakAra anuprekSA zabda kA abhiprAya punaH punaH dekhanA hai| gaharAI se dekhanA hai| cintana-manana pUrvaka dekhanA hai| mana, citta aura caitanya ko usa viSaya meM ramAnA hai| una saMskAroM ko dRr3hIbhUta karanA hai| anuprekSA arthAt satya ko dekhanA hai, satya para cintana karanA hai| apanI jo pUrva dhAraNAe~ haiM, unheM nikAlakara pUrvakAlIna saMskAroM ko haTA kara jo satya hai, yathArtha hai, vAstavikatA hai, usakA cintana karanA 'anuprekSA' hai| satya ke prati ekaniSTha buddhi se dekhanA anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA kA siddhAnta satya-darzana kA siddhAnta hai| apanI samagra pUrva dhAraNAoM evaM saMskAroM ko nakAra kara satya ko grahaNa karane kA, use dhAraNa karane kA siddhAnta hai| anuprekSA bhI yoga-sAdhanA kA eka abhinna aMga hai| isa anuprekSA yoga kI sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka apane pUrva saMskAroM evaM dhAraNAoM tathA rAgadveSa samanvita mAnyatAoM evaM mUr3hatAoM se pare haTakara, satyaM ke prati sarvAtmanA-samarpaNa bhAva se samarpita ho jAtA hai aura satya ko hI apane mana meM evaM aNu-aNu meM ramAtA hai| isa satya ko apane mana-mastiSka meM ramAne ke lie vaha dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA bAra-bAra cintana karatA hai| vAstava meM anuprekSAoM kA cintana-manana karake sAdhaka ina saMskAroM se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karatA hai| ataeva inheM 'bhAvanA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| anuprekSA aura bhAvanA ye donoM zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| bhAvanA arthAt anuprekSAoM meM vANI nahIM mukhyataH mana hI gatizIla rahatA hai| ataeva maunapUrvaka gaMbhIra cintana-manana ko anuprekSA athavA bhAvanA kahA gayA hai| anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra prabhRti svarUpoM kA anuprekSaNa arthAt anucintana karanA, smaraNa karanA athavA dekhanA 'anuprekSA' hai| dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA nityazaH cintana evaM abhyAsa karane se mAnava ke hRdaya meM kaSAya kI agni bujha jAtI hai, para-bhAva ke prati rAga gala jAtA hai| ajJAna rUpI ghanIbhUta aMdhakAra vilaya hokara jJAna rUpa dIpa arthAt bodhi dIpa kA prakAza ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM bAraha anuprekSAoM kA bhAvana arthAt cintana karane se zramaNa jIvana meM saMvara-nirjarA rUpa dharma kA mahAn udyama hotA hai| karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| 144 --- - svAdhyAya zikSA

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vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhAvanA, anuprekSA, dhAraNA aura saMskAra ina sarva zabdoM kA abhipreta abhiprAya eka jaisA hai| bhAvanA eka-eka artha viSaya para ekAgratA purassara cintana karanA bhI hai| kisI sAdhaka ne koI dhyeya, adhyAtmalakSyI viSaya athavA koI Atma-vikAsa bhAva mana meM nizcita kiyA hai| usakA tadanusAra punaH-punaH cintana, manana evaM tanmayatA purassara nididhyAsana karatA hai, yahI bhAvanA hai| bhAvanA kA nirvacana bhI yahI hai- bhAvya vyakti athavA padArtha ke prati ekAgra athavA tanmaya ho jAnA bhAvanA hai| yahI dhAraNA kA artha hai| jisa vastu kI dhAraNA karanI hai athavA kI gaI hai, usake prati tallIna evaM dattacitta ho jAnA dhAraNA hai| japa aura dhyAna kA bhI yahI artha hai-japya athavA dhyeya vastu ke prati ekatAna, ekaniSTha ho jAnA dhyAna hai| sAdhaka jisa viSaya athavA vyakti ke prati bhAvanA karatA hai, jisakA punaH punaH abhyAsa karatA hai usI rUpa meM usakA saMskAra bana jAtA hai| isaliye ise saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki anuprekSA karmakSaya athavA karmanirodha kI dRSTi evaM naitika, dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika prayojana se kI jAtI hai, jisase azubha vicAra evaM kusaMskAra vidA ho jAte haiM aura ajJAta mana meM zubha vicAra evaM susaMskAra sthApita ho jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sAdhaka saMvara aura nirjarA kA acintya lAbha 'anuprekSA' se prApta kara letA hai| yathArthatA kI divya jyoti, jo mUrchA evaM vimUr3hatA kI bhasma se AcchAdita thI, vaha pragaTa ho jAtI hai| yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki anuprekSA arthAt bhAvanA kaba aura kaise bhavatAriNI naukA bana sakatI hai| isa bhAvanA rUpa naukA kA upayoga kaise ho| isameM kyA- kyA jAgarUkatAe~ rakhanI apekSita haiM, anivArya haiN| isakA viveka sAdhaka ko honA caahie| sarvaprathama sAdhaka ko cAhiye ki bhAvanA kA uddezya vizuddha ho, AtmAvalokana ho, kyoMki bhAvanAe~ arthAt anuprekSAe~ saMvega, vairAgya, nirveda, bhAva zuddhi ke liye AtmA aura para padArthoM ke saMyoga para gaharAI se manana-maMthana karane ke liye haiN| isaliye karma-mukti kI dRSTi se hI inakA bAra-bAra cintana kiyA jaay| dhairya, ekAgratA, tanmayatA tathA tIvratama adhyAtmalakSyI bhAva dhArA pravAhita hone para hI bhAvitAtmA bana kara sAdhaka abhISTa siddhi prApta kara sakatA hai arthAt bhAvanA se bhAvita hone para hI mAnava jo bhI honA cAhatA hai, ho jAtA hai| jo bhI ghaTita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha ghaTita ho jAtA hai| mana ko, svabhAva ko jisa rUpa meM DhAlanA cAhatA hai, DhAla sakatA hai| bhAvanA aura anuprekSA ina donoM kA yathAyogya svarUpa tathA unase saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa rUpa lAbha kaise prApta ho sakatA hai| ise bhalI-bhA~ti nizcaya evaM vyavahAra ina donoM dRSTiyoM se samajhanA Avazyaka hai| svAdhyAya zikSA - - - 145

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vAstava meM anuprekSA ina donoM kA yathAyogya svarUpa tathA unase saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa rUpa lAbha kaise prApta ho sakatA hai| ise bhalI-bhAMti nizcaya evaM vyavahAra ina donoM dRSTiyoM se samajhanA Avazyaka hai| vAstava meM anuprekSA ke dvArA satya tathya kA bAra-bAra anucintana karane se mana para jamI huI bhrAntiyoM, viparyayoM evaM durAgrahoM ke maila ko kATA jA sakatA hai, tor3A jA sakatA hai| anuprekSaka vyakti apanI pUrvakAlIna dhAraNAe~, mAnyatAe~ aura pUrvAgraha kI dRSTi se athavA kAlpanika dRSTikoNa se nahIM dekhatA / apitu yathArtha ko, satya tathya ko aura vAstavikatA ko dekhatA hai| mAnava ke samakSa sabase bar3I samasyA yaha hai ki manuSya jo vastu tattva hai athavA satya tathya hai usa dRSTi se na dekhakara apanI dhAraNA aura mAntayA kA raMgIna upanetra lagAkara usI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, socatA hai| isIliye spaSTa bhASA meM yaha ullekha prApta hotA hai ki apanI AtmA se apanI AtmA kA samprekSaNa karo, apanI AtmA se satya kA anveSaNa kro| isakA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki anuprekSA ke mAdhyama se satya ko dekhane aura socane ke liye- satya ke prati samagrataH samarpita ho jaao| jo satya tathya hai, use svIkAra kro| tabhI mAnane kI bhUmikA se Upara uThakara anuprekSaka sAdhaka jAnane kI bhUmikA para pahu~catA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki anuprekSA AdhyAtmika rasAyana hai| jo sAdhaka isa rasAyana se pUrNataH bhAvita ho jAtA hai vaha bhava rUpI kArAgRha se sarvathArUpeNa mukta ho jAtA hai| 20. karma 'kamma' prAkRta bhASA kA eka mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| jaina Agama - sAhitya meM 'kamma' zabda kA pracura prayoga vividha saMdarbhoM meM huA hai|" 'kamma' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'karma' niSpanna hotA hai| 'DukuJ' karaNe dhAtu se 'karma' zabda kI racanA huI hai| karma zabda AgamIya zabda hai, pAribhASika zabda hai aura yaha zabda vAstava meM aisA vilakSaNa zabda hai ki vaha apane Apa meM aneka artho ko samagra rUpeNa samAhita kiye hue hai| yaha satyapUrNa tathya hai ki zabda kI eka sImA hotI hai| zabda meM aneka artha aura aneka Azaya sannihita hote haiN| usake aneka arthoM evaM aneka AzayoM ko vividha saMdarbhoM se hI jAnA jAtA hai| karma zabda jaba-jaba bhI prayukta huA hai taba-taba vaha apane vyaktitva aura vyApakatva kI chaTA nizcita rUpeNa dikhalAtA hai / 'karma' zabda kA sAmAnyataH artha kArya, kriyA, karttavya aura pariNati hotA hai| kArya athavA karttavya kI apane koI AkRti nahIM hai, kintu jaba vaha adhyAtma ke kSetra meM, deha meM videha ko prApta karane ke Azaya se prayukta hotA hai, taba usakI eka Thosa AkRti hotI hai| yaha svAdhyAya zikSA 146

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spaSTa hai ki zarIra pA~ca haiM" - audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kaarmnnaa| ina pA~ca zarIroM meM kArmaNa zarIra karmarUpa hai, jabaki zeSa cAra zarIra no karma rUpa haiN| yadyapi karma vAstava meM cetana pravRtti kA nAma hai tathApi usakA kArya tathA kAraNa hone se kArmaNa zarIra ko bhI upacAra se karma kahA jAtA hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki cetana kI rAgAdi pravRtti ke samAna yaha bhAvAtmaka na hokara karmavargaNA ke paramANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa dravyAtmaka hai, dravyakarma hai| jisa prakAra kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake kArmaNa zarIra ko dravya karma kahA gayA hai usI prakAra audArika, vaikriya, prabhRti zarIroM ko bhI dravyakarma kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu kArmaNa zarIra rUpa dravya karma jisa prakAra AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta karatA hai, usa prakAra ye dravya karma AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta nahIM karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inako karma nahIM kahanA cAhiye, apitu 'nokarma' kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki AtmA apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai, jaba jIva ke sAtha saMbaMdha hotA hai| jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI saMbaddha hotA hai jaba mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti hotI hai / isa prakAra pravRtti se karma evaM karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke kArya-kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piMDa rUpa karma ko dravyakarma kahA jAtA hai tathA rAga-dveSa Adi pravRttiyoM ko bhAva karma kahA jA sakatA hai / dravya karma ke hone meM bhAva karma aura bhAva karma ke hone meM dravya karma kAraNabhUta hai| jaise vRkSa se bIja aura bIja se vRkSa kI paramparA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai isI prakAra dravya karma se bhAva karma aura bhAva karma se dravya karma kI paramparA vAstava meM anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| yaha bhI pUrNataH pragaTa hai ki jar3a aura cetana ina donoM ke saMmizraNa se karma kA nirmANa hotA hai / dravya karma ho athavA bhAva karma ho, usameM jar3a evaM cetana nAmaka donoM prakAra ke tattva vidyamAna rahate haiN| jar3a aura cetana ke mile binA karma kI racanA nahIM ho sakatI hai / dravya karma aura bhAva karma meM pudgala aura AtmA kI pradhAnatA mukhya hai / kintu eka dUsare ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kA kAraNa mukhya nahIM hai / dravya karma meM paudgalika tattva kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura Atmika tattva gauNa hotA hai| bhAva karma meM Atmika tattva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura paudgalika tattva gauNa hotA hai| karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA saMbaMdha saMsArI AtmA se hai, mukta AtmA se nahIM hai / saMsArI AtmA karmoM se Abaddha hai| usameM caitanya aura jar3atva kA mizraNa hai| mukta AtmA karmoM se rahita hotA hai| usameM vizuddha svAdhyAya zikSA 147

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caitanya hI hotA hai| karmabaddha AtmA kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti ke kAraNa pudgala paramANu AkRSTa hokara paraspara eka dUsare ke sAtha mila jAte haiM, nIra-kSIravat eka ho jAte haiN| cetana aura jar3a kA pRthakkaraNa muktAvasthA meM hI hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA karmayukta hI hotI hai| AtmA se saMbaddha pudgala dravya karma hai aura dravyakarma yukta AtmA kI pravRtti bhAvakarma hai| karma kA mukhya kArya hai-AtmA ko saMsAra meM Abaddha rkhnaa| jaba taka karmabandha kI paramparA kA pravAha pravahamAna hai taba taka AtmA karmoM se mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha karma kA sAmAnya kArya hai| vizeSarUpeNa dekhA jAya to bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke bhinna-bhinna kArya haiN| jitane karma haiM, utane kArya haiN| vAstava meM zubha-azubha karmoM ke Agamana ko 'Asava' kahA jAtA hai| arthAt jisa pravRtti athavA kriyA se jIva meM karmoM kA nAva-Agamana hotA hai, vaha Amnava hai| jIva sIdhA kamoM ko nahIM bulAtA hai| kintu parokSa rUpa se vaha mana, vacana evaM kAyA dvArA aisI pravRtti kara baiThatA hai, jisase karma A jAte haiN| karma prAyogya pudgala paramANu samagra AkAza meM tathA jIva ke paripArzva meM vikIrNa haiM, phaile hue haiN| ve ghUmate rahate haiM aura praveza bhI usI jIva meM, vahIM karate haiM, jahAM unake sAthI pahale se vidyamAna hoM athavA rAga-dveSa kI snigdhatA ho| karma pudgaloM ko khIMca kara AtmA meM le Ane athavA praveza karAne ke kAraNa hI unheM Asrava kahate haiN| AtmA apanI ajJAna dazA meM Asrava ke dvAra ko sadA udghATita rakhatA hai, khulA rakhatA hai| karma bandhate rahate haiM aura isa prakAra karmacakra ciraMjIvI rahatA hai| saMsArI prANI jaba taka ina karmoM ke kautuka meM sakriya rahatA hai taba taka bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai| bahirAtmA para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnatI hai| jIva jaba apane karma dvArA cakra kA saMcAlana karatA hai taba vaha . karmacakra kahalAtA hai| karmacakra kA apara nAma 'saMsAra cakra' hai| vAstava meM kisI kriyA kA pariNAma karma kahalAtA hai| karma zubha aura azubha ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| zubha karma jIvana meM sukhada pariNAma juTAte haiM aura azubha karma duHkhada pariNAma juTAte haiN| ' karma se hI saMsAra hai aura yahI sukha aura duHkha kA dAtA hai| moha se anuprANita karma aura usakA phala jIva ko mithyAtva kI preraNA detA hai| karma se niSkarma honA hI AtmA kI muktAvasthA hai| isa prAkRta karma vidhAna meM koI zakti kadApi parivartana nahIM kara sktii| yadi koI parivartana kara sakatA hai to karma kA kartA hI svayaM karmoM meM parivartana kara pAtA hai| vAstava meM jIva hI karma kA kartA hai, dhartA hai, hartA hai aura bhoktA hai| yaha karma zabda kartA, karma aura bhAva ina tInoM meM bhI niSpanna hotA hai| 148 svAdhyAya zikSA

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21. pratyakSa 'paccakkha' prAkRta bhASA kA eka bhAvapUrNa zabda hai| jaina Agama-sAhitya meM ukta zabda kA prayoga vividha sthaloM para huA hai| 'paccakkha' zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'pratyakSa' niSpanna hotA hai| 'prati' upasarga purassara 'akSa' se "pratyakSa" zabda kI niSpatti huI hai| 'akSa' zabda AtmA aura indriya kA vAcaka hai| jJAna kA sAmAnya artha 'jAnanA' hai| yaha jAnanA kabhI indriya aura mana ke mAdhyama se hotA hai aura kabhI indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA bhI sIdhA AtmA se hotA hai vaha pratyakSa-pramANa kahalAtA hai, jaise ki avadhijJAna, manaHparyAya jJAna aura kevljnyaan| pratyakSa pramANa kI jo yaha vyAkhyA hai, vaha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha bhI pratyakSa pramANa hai| yaha vyAkhyA vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki pratyakSa pramANa kI pradhAnataH do zAkhAe~ haiM-Atma-pratyakSa tathA indriya-anindriya pratyakSA prathama zAkhA paramArthazrayI hai, etadartha yaha vAstavika pratyakSa hai aura dvitIya zAkhA vyavahArazrayI hai, etadartha yaha aupacArika pratyakSa hai| Atma pratyakSa ke do mukhya bheda haiM- prathama sakala pratyakSa tathA dvitIya vikala pratyakSA kevalajJAna arthAt pUrNa jJAna sakala pratyakSa hai| avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyAya jJAna vikala pratyakSa hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna prApta hotA hai vaha indriya ke liye pratyakSa hai tathA AtmA ke lie parokSa hotA hai| isI dRSTi se use indriya pratyakSa athavA saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahate haiN| jahA~ pramANa kA vargIkaraNa huA hai vahA~ pramANa ke do bheda pratipAdita hue haiM -eka pratyakSa pramANa aura dvitIya parokSa prmaann| jahA~ paMcavidha jJAna kA pratipAdana huA hai vahA~ bhI jJAna ke AdhAra para pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM jJAna kA vibhAjanaM do prakAra se huA hai|" 22 loka . 'loya' aura 'loga' ye donoM prAkRta bhASA ke zabda haiN| jaina Agama vAGmaya meM ina donoM zabdoM kA pracura prayoga huA hai| yaha bhI pUrNa spaSTa hai ki ukta loya evaM loga kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'loka' niSpanna hotA hai| 'lokR' avalokane arthAt 'lok' dhAtu se 'loka' zabda kI nirmiti huI hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya dravyoM kA samUha hI loka kahalAtA hai| jahA~ hama rahate haiM, vaha loka hai| loka aloka ke binA nahIM ho sakatA hai| isaliye aloka bhI hai| aloka kevala AkAza hai| loka aura aloka kA vibhAjana nayA nahIM hai, kAlpanika nahIM hai, apitu zAzvata hai aura usake vibhAjaka tattva bhI zAzvata hai| chahoM svAdhyAya zikSA 149

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dravya zAzvatika haiN| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ye donoM dravya AkAza ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| ye jahA~ taka haiM, vahA~ taka loka hai aura jahA~ para inakA abhAva hai, vahA~ aloka hai| loka sasIma hai| asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hai| caturdaza rajjUparimANa parimita hai| loka nIce vistRta hai, madhya meM saMkarA hai aura Upara mRdaMgAkAra hai| tIna zarAvoM meM se eka zarAva oMdhA hai, dvitIya zarAva sIdhA hai tathA tRtIya zarAva usake Upara oMdhA rakhane se jo AkAra banatA hai vaha AkAra trizarAva saMpuTa AkAra kahalAtA hai aura vahI AkAra loka kA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM loka kA jo AkAra hai, vaha supratiSThaka saMsthAna kahalAtA hai| loka kA AkAra madhya meM pola vAle gole ke samAna hai| aloka kA koI vibhAga nahIM hai, vaha ekAkAra hai| loka tIna bhAga meM vibhakta hai"-Urdhvaloka, madhyaloka aura adholok| ina tInoM lokoM kI lambAI caudaha rajjU hai| Urdhvaloka sapta rajjU se kucha nyUna hai, madhya loka aSTAdaza sau yojana pramANa hai tathA adholoka saptarajjU se kucha adhika hai| vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se yaha loka trividha hai, jabaki nizcayanaya kI apekSA se loka eka hai| yaha anekatA meM ekatA kA suspaSTa nidarzana hai| 23. kriyA ___ 'kiriyA' prAkRta bhASA kA zabda hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM bahuvidha saMdarbho meM 'kiriyA' zabda kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga huA hai| 100 'kiriyA' kA saMskRta bhASA meM kriyA rUpAntara banatA hai| 'DukRJ karaNe' arthAt 'kR' dhAtu se kriyA zabda kA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha eka Agamika zabda hai| isakA saMbaMdha yoga se hai aura yoga trividha rUpa hai- mana, vacana aura kaayaa| jaba taka jIva meM yoga kI sattA hai, vidyamAnatA hai taba taka usameM kriyA vidyamAna hai|" jaba jIvAtmA ayogI avasthA athavA siddha avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai taba vaha nizcita rUpeNa akriya bana jAtA hai| isakA phalitArtha yahI hai ki yoga ke abhAva meM kriyA nahIM hotI hai| kriyA kA pramukha kAraNa athavA mAdhyama yoga hai| sAmAnyarUpeNa hama kisI kArya ko sampAdita karane ke liye jo pravRtti karate haiM usako kriyA kahA jAtA hai aura vaha kriyA jIva meM bhI ho sakatI hai aura ajIva meM bhI saMbhava hai| isa dRSTi se kriyA ke do bheda pratipAdita hue haiN| 102 kriyA kA mUlataH saMbaMdha jIva se hai| jIva apanI kriyA se ajIva meM yathAsaMbhava parispandana kara sakatA hai tathApi tAttvika dRSTi se kriyA kA phala jIva ko prApta hotA hai| isI vivakSA se jIva meM kriyA mAnI gaI hai| ajIva kriyA ke airyApathikI evaM sAmparAyikI nAma se do prakAra nirUpita hue haiN| ve bhI mUlataH jIva se saMbaMdhita haiM, ajIva se saMbaddha nahIM haiN| __ 150 - - svAdhyAya zikSA

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karmoM kI jo niSpatti hotI hai, vaha kriyA ke dvArA hI hotI hai, kriyA isa artha meM karma kI jananI hai| kriyA kA vAcya artha karanA hai| zubha-azubha sarva prakAra kI ceSTAoM ko kriyA kahA jAtA hai athavA karmabandha ke hetu ko kriyA kahate haiN| dravya SaTvidha haiN| 103 unameM jIva eka dravya hai aura dravya mAtra meM artha kriyAkAritva dharma rahatA hai| jaba jIva svarUpAcaraNa meM kriyA karatA hai taba vaha kriyA karmabandha kA kAraNa nahIM banatI hai| avazeSa kriyAe~ jIva ke lie karmabandha kI kAraNa haiN| jo yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa se kriyA hotI hai vaha kriyA sAmparAyikI kriyA kahalAtI hai| jIva ko samparAyabaddha arthAt kaSAya baddha karane vAlI kriyA ko sAmparAyikI kriyA kahA jAtA hai| yaha kriyA sUkSma samparAya guNasthAna athavA sUkSma samparAya cAritra paryanta rahatI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kaSAya kI upasthiti meM jo kriyA hotI hai, usa kriyA kA nAma sAmparAyikI kriyA hai aura kaSAya rahita dazA meM jo kriyA hotI hai, vaha airyApathikI kriyA kahalAtI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kriyA kaSAya sApekSa nahIM hai, kaSAya nirapekSa hai| usakA arthAt kriyA kA kaSAya ke sadbhAva aura abhAva se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| vAstava meM usakA saMbaMdha yoga ke hone na hone se hai| AtmA jaba kriyAoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai taba vaha mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| nirvANa pada ko samprApta kara letA hai| 24. jJAna 104 'nANa' aura 'NANa' ye donoM zabda prAkRta bhASA ke zabda haiN| jaina Agama kA jaba bhI paryavalokana kiyA jAtA hai, taba ukta zabda pracura rUpeNa dRSTigata hote haiN|' 'nANa aura NANa' ina donoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara "jJAna" banatA hai / 'jJA' dhAtu se "jJAna" zabda niSpanna hotA hai| jisake mAdhyama se jAnA jAtA hai athavA jisase jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se yukta hokara jo apane viSaya svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vaha bhI jJAna hai| isakA Azaya yaha bhI hai ki jIva kA apane Apako athavA apane svarUpa ko jAnanA bhI jJAna hai| svarUpagata bheda ke AdhAra para jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra pratipAdita hue haiN| jJAna aura AtmA ina do meM koI bheda nahIM hai, apitu inameM kathaMcit tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hai| jJAna AtmA kA nija guNa hai| isaliye jJAna AtmA ko bhinna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AtmA hI jJAna hai aura jJAna hI AtmA hai / yaha jJAtavya tathya hai ki jJAnAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko sarvathA rUpeNa AvRtta nahIM karatA hai, parantu kevala jJAna kA sarvathA nirodha karatA hai| nigodastha jIvoM meM bhI jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA utkaTa udaya rahatA hai, kintu 105 106 svAdhyAya zikSA 151

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una jIvoM meM bhI jJAna kA anantavA~ bhAga nityazaH anAvRtta rahatA hai| jJAna guNa kadApi pUrNataH tirohita nahIM hotA hai| yadi aisA ho jAya to jIva ajIva ho jaay| jaba bhI hama vastu tattva ko jAnate haiM, taba jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA hai| kintu usa samaya usakA prayoga hotA hai| jAnane kI kSamatA hamAre meM rahatI hai| jitanI jisameM jJAna kI kSamatA hogI vaha utanA hI jAnane meM saphala hogaa| jJAna aura jJeya kA jo saMbaMdha hai, vaha viSaya-viSayI bhAva saMbaMdha hai| pramAtRtva jJAna kA svabhAva hai etadartha vaha viSayI hai| artha jJeya svabhAva hai, isaliye vaha viSaya hai| ye donoM svatantra haiN| dravya, guNa aura paryAya ye jJeya haiN| jJeya se jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura jJAna se jJeya utpanna nahIM hotA hai| hamArA jJAna jAne athavA nahIM bhI jAne tathApi padArtha apane svarUpa meM avasthita hai| AtmA kA svarUpa jAnane ke liye jJAna kA svarUpa samajhanA nitAnta anivArya hai| isIliye jJAna kA itanA adhika mUlya aura mahattva hai| upasaMhAra sArapUrNa bhASA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina Agama-sAhitya vastutaH eka aisA Aditya hai, jo sarvadizA se aura sarvavidizA meM aharniza udIyamAna hai, pradIptimAna hai| yaha vaha sAhitya hai jo sahasrazaH pAribhASika zabdoM kI zubhra AbhA se prabhAsvara hai| jainAgama vAGmaya meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvali aura usake artha abhiprAya meM zabda zakti kI mahatI bhUmikA rahI hai| zabda ke artha evaM rUpa meM kAla tathA kSetra kA prabhAva bhI aMkita rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM kAlAntara meM usake svarUpa evaM artha meM parivartana bhI huA hai| parivartana kI isa ajamna dhArA meM Agama-sAhitya meM prayukta zabdAvalI kA apanA artha evaM Azaya vizeSa rUpa grahaNa karanA caahie| kiM bahunA AgamIya pAribhASika zabda kA artha bhinna-bhinna viSayoM meM bhI pRthak-pRthak ho jAtA hai| jo Agamika zabda kisI viziSTa artha meM prayukta huA hai, artha kI dRSTi se usI zabda ko pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM rUpAyita kiyA hai| jisase pAribhASika zabdoM kA artha abhiprAya niyata nizcita ho jAtA hai| tadanantara usa zabda ke artha aura Azaya ko saMdarbha se hI jAnA jAtA hai aura vahI zabda apane vyaktitva evaM vyApakatva kI divya prabhA anupama rUpa se pradarzita kara detA hai| saMdarbha 1. gurupAramparyeNAgacchatIti AgamaH, A-samantAt jJAyante-gamyante jIvAdayaH padArthA aneneti vaa|-anuyogdvaar sUtra vRtti 219/5 2. bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA, pRSTha 87, siddhsengnnikRt| 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA-559 - 152 * svAdhyAya zikSA

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4. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 4 kha. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA-8/97 5. ka. bhagavatI sUtra 5/3/192, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 338 6. vyavahAra bhASya gAthA 201, saMghAdAsagaNI 7. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 470, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 3 8. ka. Avazyaniyukti gAthA 192 kha. zrIcandrIyA saMgrahaNI gAthA 112 ga. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 550 gha. bRhatkalpa bhASya gAthA 144 r3a.tattvArtha bhASya, 1-20 9. ka. AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/1-3, kha. sUtrakRtAMga 2/4/743-753 10. ka. samAdhi zataka zloka 4, kha. dravya saMgraha TIkA 14/46 11. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/53, kha. bhagavatI sUtra 13/4/480 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/10, gha. tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya-2/ sUtra 8 12. ka. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.28/gA.14, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 9 13. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 269, kha. bhagavatI sUtra za.25, u.4, sUtra 8 14. ka. samavAyAMga sUtra 149/1, kha. prajJApanA sUtra pada 1, sUtra 3 15. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/466, kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana 29/sU.15 16. . ka. tattvArtha sUtra a.6/sU.1.2. kha. sthAnAMga sUtra vRtti-sthA.1, sUtra 13 17. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/1/418, kha. prajJApanA sUtra 1,A.1, sU.1, gA.2 ga. samavAyAMga sUtra samavAya 5, gha. tattvArtha sUtra a.8, sUtra1 18. ka. dazavaikAlika sUtra adhyayana 5, uddezaka 2 gAthA 39,41 kha. bhagavatI sUtra, za.8/u.5/ sU.6,8 ga. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 1, sUtra 14 19. ka. tattvArtha sUtra a.9/sU.1, kha. yogazAstra zloka 76 ga.jItakalpacUrNi pRSTha 5, gha. paMcAstikAya amRta vRtti 108 20. ka. samavAyAMga sUtra samavAya-5, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 5, sUtra 33 ga. navatattva prakaraNa gAthA 35, gha. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-saMvara dvAra 21. ka. yoga zAstra zloka 79,80, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra TIkA 1/14 ga. saptatattva prakaraNa-zloka 112, gha. dravya saMgraha 2/34 22. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 10/sU.739, kha. bhagavatI sUtra za.25/u.7/sU.21 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.33/gA.10, gha. aupapAtika sUtra, sUtra 19 23. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 4/1/249, kha. samavAyAMga sUtra samavAya-4 ga. bhagavatI sUtra 18/4/3, gha. jIvAbhigama sUtra pratipatti-1/sU.1 24. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyayana-32, gAthA 7 25. ka. prajJApanA sUtra pada 23, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 2/3 26. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4, kha. paMcama karmagrantha gAthA 96 27. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 8, sU. 603, kha. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-5 28. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/457, kha. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-5 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 24/1, gha. uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA 458,459 svAdhyAya zikSA -* 153

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29. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/466, kha. aupapAtika sUtra, sUtra 20 30. ka. bhagavatI sUtra 25/7/125, kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.30/gA.31 ga. jItakalpasUtra 4, gha. mUlAcAra gAthA 362, Ga. cAritrasAra, zloka 137, ca. dhavalA 13/5,4,26 31. yogazAstra svopajJavRtti-3 32. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA-1250 33. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10/sU.726, kha. anuyogadvAra sUtra, sUtra 4 34. anuyogo'dhikAraH paricchedaH prakaraNAmityAye ko'rthaH / -bRhad dravya saMgraha, pRSThAMka 165 35. ka. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 363-377, kha. dazavaikAlika niyukti-3 TIkA ga. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 2284-2295, gha. Avazyaka kathA zloka-174 Ga. sUtrakRtacUrNi-patra-4, ca. prabhAvaka caritra, AryarakSita-zloka 82-84 ka. paDhamANuoge, gNddiyaannuoge| zrI nandIcUrNi pRSThAMka 58 kha. zrI samavAyAMga sUtra vRtti-pRSThAMka 120 37. ka. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha-1, adhyayana-16, sUtra 632 kha. sthAnAMga sUtra a.3, u.4 sUtra 210, ga. bhagavatI sUtra zataka 14/udde.9/sU.17 gha. dazavaikAlika sUtra a.5,udde.2, gAthA40, ca. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a.32/gA.21 cha. kalpasUtra, sUtra 3, ja. anuyogadvAra sUtra, lokottarika bhAvAvazyaka sUtra 27 38. ka. zrAmyati-tapasA khidyata iti kRtvA shrmnnH|-suutrkRtaaNk sUtra 1/16/1 zIlaMkAcArya TIkA, pRSta 263 kha. zrAmyantIti zramaNA, tapasyantItyarthaH-dazavaikAlika haribhadrIyA TIkA, pR.68 39. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra, sU.129-131, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 4/4/263 abhayadevaTIkA 40. dazavaikAlika sUtra niyukti gAthA, 155-156 41. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthA.3,u.3.sUtra 180, kha. vyavahAra sUtra, udde.10/ sU.14,15 ga. bhagavatI sUtra-za.25, udde.7, sU.235, gha. aupapAtika sUtra, sU.30 r3a.upAsakadazAMgasUtra 188, ca. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, adhyayana 30/ gA.33 42. bhagavatI sUtra, abhayadeva vRtti patrAMka-3 43. AcArAMga niyukti gAthA-8/AcArya bhadrabAhu 44. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra vRtti-4,3,323, kha. bRhatkalpasUtra 4,123 45. gacchAcAra payannA, adhikAra-1 46. ka. upAsakadazAMga sUtra-sU.77, kha, uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a.30, gA.35 ga. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthA.6,sU.511, gha. samavAyAMga sUtra-sama.6/ sU.1 GaaupapAtika sUtra-sU.30, ca. bhagavatI sUtra za.25, udde.7, sU.217 47. ka. upAsakadazAMga sUtra-sU.57,73,89,122,252,259 . kha. Avazyaka sUtra, adhyayana 1 sU.57 48. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthA.2, udde.2, vRtti kha. sarvArtha siddhi 7/22/3/63 49. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra-1.1 vRtti 50. ka. tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi 7-22, bhASya, pR.363, AcArya pUjyapAda kha. tattvArtha vRtti 7-22, bhASya pR. 246, AcArya zrutasAgara 154 - svAdhyAya zikSA

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ga. bAhayasya kAyasyAbhyantarANAM kaSAyANAM tatkAraNa hAyanayAkrameNa-samyakalekhanA saMlekhanA-cAritrasAra 22, zrI cAmuNDarAya 51. tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 2-22/AcArya akalaMka 52. ka. samavAyAMga sUtra-samavAya17, kha. uttarAdhyayana niyukti gA.212-213, patra 230 ga. mUlArAdhanA AzvAsa 1/ gA.25, patra 85 53. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthAna 3, udde.4, sU.158, kha. samavAyAMga sUtra-samavAya-22, sU.1 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra -a.2/sU.3, gha.bhagavatI sUtra-za.8, udde.10, sU.78 Ga. Avazyaka sUtra-a.4, sU.22, ca. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra-dazA.10, sU. 39, 40 54. siddhahaimazabdAnuzAsana, laghuvRtti-7/1/197 55. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.28/gA.35 56. AcArAMga niyukti gAthA 221 57. ka. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a.28, gAthA 15, kha. tattvArtha sUtra a.1/2 ga. tattvArtha bhASya 1/2/1, gha. lATI saMhitA sarga-3/zloka 8 - Ga. sUtra prAbhRta gAthA-5, ca. basunandi zrAvakAcAra gAthA 10, cha. darzana pAhur3a, gA.19 ja. paMca saMgraha prAkRta-1/159, jha. paMcAstikAya 107, Ja. mUlAcAra 203 Ta. dravya saMgraha gAthA 41, Tha. dhavalA 1/1,1,4 Da. puruSArtha siddhayupAya-22 r3ha. mokSa pAhuDa-38, Na. niyama sAra-5, ta. kArtikeyAnuprekSA-317, tha. yogazAstra 2/2 58. ka. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/12/11, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 2/63 ga. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 94 se 99 taka 59. ka. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.28, prathama bola, kha. AcArAMga cUrNi 1/43 ga. dazavaikAlika sUtra a.1, TIkA, gha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra bRhad patra 577 Ga. sarvArthasiddhi 6/24, ca. dravyasaMgraha TIkA 35/112/7 cha. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha 431 60. dharma saMgraha-adhikAra-2/zloka 22/pR. 43 61. ka. vyavahAra sUtra, udde.5, sUtra 15, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 4/2/282 ga. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra dazA 4, sU.3, gha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.11, gAthA 1 62. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthAna 2, udde.1, sUtra 72, kha. cAritra sAra 3/1 ga. bArasaaNuvekkhA 68, gha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA-304 Ga. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha-717. ca. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA 6/4 cha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 40, ja. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 50 63. ka. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1, a.14, niyukti gAthA-129 kha. paMcAzaka vivaraNa 5, gA.2 ttiikaa| ka. bhagavatI sU. za.25, udde.7, sUtra 1 se 188 kha. prajJApanA sUtra pada 23, udde.1, sUtra 1665, ga. samavAyAMga sUtra samavAya 17 65. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 9, udde.1, sU.5, kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/14 ga. paMcAstikAya-2/108, gha. darzanapAhur3a-19, Ga. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) gA.1/159 ca. tattvArtha sUtra, a.1 sUtra 4 66. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra sthA 4, udde. 2, sUtra 296, kha. samavAyAMga sUtra 4/5 svAdhyAya zikSA - 155

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ga, karmagrantha bhAga-1, gA.2,.gha.mUlAcAra gAthA 1221 Ga. tattvArtha sUtra 8/4, ca.gommaTasAra karmakANDa gA.89/73 cha. dravya saMgraha gAthA 33, ja. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha 935/5 67. ka. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha-48, kha. gommaTa sAra karmakANDa 2/3 68. niyamasAra tAtparya vRtti, gAthA 40 69. ka. mUlAcAra 1221, kha. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) 2/1 ga. kaSAya pAhur3a-2/2-22, ga. rAjavArtika-8/3/11/567/20 70. ka. SaTkhaNDAgama-13/5.5 sU. 19/205, kha. dravyasaMgraha TIkA-31/90/6 ga. tattvArtha sUtra-8/5, gha. paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta) 2/1 71. ka. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.32, gA.87, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/466 ga. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-27/ sU.1, gha. upAsagadazAMga sUtra-a.6/ sU.168 72. ka. rAjavArtika-9/7/672, kha. tattvArtha sUtra-a.2/sU.1 73. ka. anuyogadvAra sU.233, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 6/sU.537 ga. bhagavatI sUtra 14/7, gha. karmagrantha bhAga-4, gAthA 64 74. paMcAstikAya gAthA 56 75. sarvArthasiddhi-2/1, pRSThAMka 149 76. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) 212, pR. 6 77. ka. bhagavatI sUtra-za.25, udde.7, sU.114, kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a.29, sU.39 ga. sthAnAMga sUtra-5/3/466, gha. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-32, sUtra 1 78. yu juMpI yoge-hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa-7 79. yuji ca samAdhau-hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa-4 80. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a.27, gAthA-2 81. ka. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra zrutaskandha-1/a.2/udde.1/ gA.11 kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a.11/gAthA 14 82. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 3/udde.1/ sU.144 83. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 3/1/124, kha. bhagavatI sUtra za.25/udde.1/sU.719 ga. prajJApanA sUtra pada 16/sU.202, gha. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-5 84. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-zrutaskandha-1, adhyayana 15, gAthA 5 85. ka. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-1178/1187,4, kha. niyamasAra gAthA 139 ga. sarvArthasiddhi-6/12/331/3, gha. gommaTa sAra karmakANDa 801/980/12 Ga. tattvArtha rAjavArtika-6/12/8/522/31 86. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1/16/3 87. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthA.4, udde.1 sU.247, kha. dazavaikAlika sUtra cUrNi pR. 29 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 30/34, gha. bhagavatI sUtra za.25/udde.7/ sUtra 236 Ga. aupapAtika sUtra, sUtra 30 88. ka. anu punaH punaH prekSaNaM-cintanaM smaraNaM anityAdi-svarUpANAmityanuprekSA -kArtikeyAnuprekSA, TIkA-1 kha. zarIrAdInAM svbhaavaanucintnmnuprekssaa| -tattvArthasUtra bhASya 9/2/40 89. ka. tattvArtha sAra 6/43/351, kha. sarvArtha siddhi 9/7/416 : 90. ka. dazavaikAlika sUtra cUlikA 2, kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.6, gAthA 2 156 svAdhyAya zikSA

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91. ka. Avazyaka sUtra a.6/ sUtra 79, kha. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 1, a.8, gA.1-3 ga. dazAzrutaskandha, dazA-5/ sUtra 6/ gA.15 gha. AcArAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha1/adhya.4/udde.4/ sUtra 143 Ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.32, gA.7, ca. upAsakadazAMga sUtra 74,76,85,193,218 cha. sthAnAMga sUtra 8/3/596, ja. prajJApanA sUtra 23/1 jha. dazavaikAlika sUtra a.4/gA.9, Ja.bhagavatI sUtra za.1, udde.3, sUtra 13 92. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra sthA.5, udde.1 sUtra 395, kha. prajJApanA sUtra pada 21, sUtra 267 ga. karmagrantha-- bhAga-1/gA.33 93. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 144, kha. bhagavatI sUtra za.5, udde.4, sUtra 193 ga. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna-4, udde.3, sUtra 120 94. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 147, kha. pramANa naya tattvAloka 2/4 ga. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA-95, gha. laghIyastrIya, zloka 4 95. ka. pramANanaya tattvAloka-2/1, kha. pramANa mImAMsA-1/1/9-10 96. ka. nandIsUtra-sUtra 2, kha. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthA.2/udde.1, sUtra 60 97. ka. upAsakadazAMga sUtra a.2, sU.123 kha. AcArAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha-1, a.1, udde.3, sUtra 22 ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a.1, gA.15, gha. sthAnAMga sUtra-sthA.2, udde.1, sUtra 1 Ga. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 2, udde. 10, sUtra 2-6 98. ka. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a.36, gA.2, kha. bhagavatI sUtra 2/10/121 99. ka. bhagavatI sUtra za.11/udde.10/sU.420, kha. loka prakAza bhAga 2, sarga-1 100. ka. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrutaskandha 2/a.5/ gA.772 kha. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a.28, gA.25, ga. prajJApanA sUtra, pada 22, sUtra157 gha. samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya-1, sUtra 5, Ga. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 1, sUtra 4 ca. bhagavatI sUtra za.3/udde.1, sUtra1-2, cha. Avazyaka sUtra a.4, sUtra 24 ja. jIvAjIvAbhigama pratipatti--3, udde.2, sUtra 104 101. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 3, udde.1, sUtra 124, kha. tattvArtha sUtra a.6, sUtra 1 102. sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 2, udde. 1 sUtra 5 103. ka. anuyogadvAra sUtra 218, kha. bhagavatI sU za.25, udde.4, sUtra 8 104. ka. upAsakadazAMga sUtra, a.1, sUtra 83, kha. aupapAtika sUtra, sUtra 30 ga. Avazyaka sUtra a.4, pratikramaNa Avazyaka, gha. dazavaikAlika sUtra a.6, gA.1 105. ka. bhagavatI sUtra za.8, udde.2, sUtra 22, kha. anuyogadvAra sUtra-sUtra1 ga. nandIsUtra, sUtra 1, gha. sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 5, udde. 3, sUtra 464 Ga. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a.28, gA. 4, ca. rAjapraznIya sUtra-sUtra 165 106. AcArAMga sUtra 5/5/166 107. ka. sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 TIkA, kha. nandIsUtra sUtrAMka 43 -tAraka guru granthAlaya, puSkara mArga, ahiMsA sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) svAdhyAya zikSA - 157

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zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha kI gatividhiyA~ mevAr3a kSetra meM dhArmika pracAra-prasAra yAtrA sampanna svAdhyAyiyoM, zrIsaMghoM ke adhyakSa, maMtrI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM ko sAmAyika-svAdhyAya evaM vyasana mukti kI preraNA dene hetu zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura evaM svAdhyAya saMgha zAkhA mevAr3a kSetra ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM dinAMka 15.12.2002 se 18.12.2002 taka dhArmika pracAra-prasAra kAryakrama mevAr3a kSetra ke nImaca, kukar3ezvara, mahAgar3ha, kaMjArDA, jATa, siMgolI, kAMsyA, begU, pArasolI, choTA bhaTavAr3A, AraNI, sahAr3A, DoriyA, pahuMnA, bhIlavAr3A Adi sthAnoM para Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isa pracAra-prasAra kAryakrama meM zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura kI saMyojaka zrImatI suzIlA jI boharA, jodhapura, saciva zrImAna rikhabacanda jI mehatA, jodhapura, variSTha evaM cintanazIla tattvajJa svAdhyAyI zrImAna phUlacanda jI mehatA evaM svAdhyAya saMgha ke kAryAlaya prabhArI zrI prakAza jI sAlecA, jodhapura ne apanI amUlya sevAe~ pradAna kii| isa pracAra-prasAra kAryakrama meM svAdhyAyI AmaMtrita karane, AdhyAtmika zikSaNa borDa dvArA saMcAlita dhArmika parIkSAoM meM bhAga lene aura sAmUhika prArthanA evaM sAmAyika-svAdhyAya karane kI preraNA kI gii| isa daurAna 8 naye svAdhyAyI banAye gaye tathA 17 maI se 30 jUna 2003 kI avadhi meM choTA bhaTavAr3A, kAMsyA aura pahuMnA meM sthAnIya zivira Ayojita karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| AgAmI pracAra-prasAra kAryakrama zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura dvArA dinAMka 20.02.2003 se 24.02.2003 taka pallIvAla kSetra ke grAma-nagaroM meM evaM dinAMka 03.03. 2003 se mahArASTra kSetra ke grAma - nagaroM meM dhArmika pracAra-prasAra yAtrA kA Ayojana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa kAryakrama ke tahata kSetroM meM sAmAyika - svAdhyAya kI preraNA ke sAtha svAdhyAyI taiyAra karane evaM paryuSaNa parvArAdhanA hetu kSetroM ko preraNA kI jAyegI / mArca se maI 2003 kI avadhi meM poravAla kSetra, maMgaladeza kSetra evaM dakSiNa kSetra kA pracAra-prasAra bhI saMbhAvita hai| suzIlA boharA saMyojaka 158 rikhabacanda mehatA saciva svAdhyAya zikSA

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paryuSaNa parvArAdhanA hetu svAdhyAyI Amantrita kIjie zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura vigata 58 se bhI adhika varSoM se santa-satiyoM ke cAturmAsoM se vaMcita gAMva / zaharoM meM 'parvAdhirAja paryuSaNa parva' ke pAvana avasara para dharmArAdhana hetu yogya, anubhavI evaM vidvAna svAdhyAyiyoM ko bAhara kSetra meM bhejakara jinazAsana evaM samAja kI mahatI sevA karatA A rahA hai| isa varSa bhI una kSetroM meM jahAM jaina santa-satiyoM ke cAturmAsa nahIM haiM, svAdhyAyI bandhuoM ko bhejane kI vyavasthA hai| isa varSa paryuSaNa parva 24 agasta se 31 agasta 2003 taka rheNge| ataH deza - videza ke icchuka saMgha ke adhyakSa / maMtrI nimnAMkita binduoM kI jAnakArI ke sAtha apanA Avedana patra dinAMka 15 julAI 2003 taka isa kAryAlaya ko avazya preSita karane kA zrama karAveM / pahale prApta Avedana patroM ko prAthamikatA dI jaayegii| 1. gAMva / zaharakA nAma... .jilA.. 2. zrI saMgha kA nAma va pUrA patA. .prAnta. 3. saMghAdhyakSa kA nAma va patA.. 4. saMgha maMtrI kA nAma va patA.. 5. saMbaMdhita jagaha pahuMcane ke vibhinna sAdhana.. 6. samasta jaina gharoM kI saMkhyA.... 7. kyA Apake yahAM dhArmika pAThazAlA calatI hai ?. 8. kyA Apake yahAM svAdhyAya kA kAryakrama niyamita calatA hai ?. 9. paryuSaNa sevA saMbaMdhI Avazyaka sujhAva. 10. anya vizeSa vivaraNa.. Avedana karane kA patA-saMyojaka/saciva, zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, pradhAna kAryAlaya-ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura - 342001 (rAja.) phona naM. 2624861, phaiksa 2636763 svAdhyAyiyoM ke liye Avazyaka sUcanA zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura ke samasta svAdhyAyiyoM ko sUcita karate hue parama prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai ki AgAmI parvAdhirAja paryuSaNa parva 24 agasta se 31 agasta 2003 taka manAye jAyeMge / Apa sabhI svAdhyAyI bandhuoM se nivedana hai ki Apa paryuSaNa parva meM avazya padhArakara apanI amUlya sevAyeM saMgha ko pradAna karAveM / bAhara gAMva padhArane se ApakI dharma - sAdhanA to sucArU rUpa se hogI hI, anya bhAI-bahinoM kI sAdhanA meM bhI Apa nimitta bana skeNge| ataH Apase nivedana hai ki Apa apanI paryuSaNa svIkRti svAdhyAya saMgha kAryAlaya-ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura - 342001 (rAja.) phona naM. 2624861 ke pate para avazya bhijavAne kA zrama karAveM / svAdhyAya zikSA 159

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muNota phAuNDezana, mumbaI dvArA dhArmika pAThazAlAe~ saMcAlita samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura ke antargata zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura dvArA muNota phAuNDezana, mumbaI ke sahayoga se bAlaka- bAlikAoM ko naitika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se susaMskArita karane ke uddezya se zrI mahAvIra jaina dhArmika pAThazAlAoM kA saMcAlana kiyA jA rahA hai| ye pAThazAlAe~ dharma- zikSaNa ke kSetra meM atyanta upayogI siddha huI haiN| phAuNDezana ke dvArA vartamAna meM 24 pAThazAlAe~ cala rahI haiN| ina pAThazAlAoM kA svAdhyAya saMgha ke dvArA samaya-samaya para nirIkSaNa kara mArgadarzana kiyA jAtA hai| prAyaH sthAnIya adhyApaka hI zikSaNa kA kArya karate haiN| jo saMgha apane yahA~ dhArmika pAThazAlAe~ calAne meM ruci rakhate hoM ve svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura se samparka sthApita kara sakate haiN| -suzIlA boharA, saMyojaka zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura-342001(rAja.) grISmakAlIna avakAza meM sthAnIya zivira rAjasthAna sarakAra ke zikSA vibhAga ke niyamAnusAra isa varSa 17 maI 2003 se 30 jUna 2003 taka grISmakAlIna avakAza ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| prativarSa kI bhAMti isa varSa bhI avakAza ke samaya vibhinna kSetroM meM dhArmika zikSaNa zivira Ayojita karane kA saMgha ne nirNaya liyA hai| zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina svAdhyAya saMgha, jodhapura dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM para sthAnIya zivira Ayojita kiye jAne hetu kAryakrama banAyA jA rahA hai| koI bhI saMgha apane yahA~ sthAnIya zivira Ayojita karavAnA cAhate hoM to yathAzIghra apanI svIkRti isa kAryAlaya ko bhijavAne kA zrama kraaveN| zivira kama se kama 5 dina athavA adhika se adhika 7 dina kA rhegaa| icchuka saMgha grISmakAlIna samayAvadhi meM kitane dina kA va kaunasI tithiyoM ko zivira Ayojita karavAnA cAhate haiM, svAdhyAya saMgha kAryAlaya se samparka kara sakate hai| AdhyAtmika zikSaNa borDa kI AgAmI parIkSA 27 julAI 2003 ko akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina ratna AdhyAtmika zikSaNa borDa kI kakSA 1 se 11 taka kI AgAmI parIkSA 27 julAI 2003, ravivAra ko dopahara 12 se 3 baje taka Ayojita kI jaayegii| 16 janavarI 2003 ko Ayojita parIkSA meM jinhoMne bhAga liyA hai, unheM AgAmI parIkSA hetu aba Avedana-patra bharakara bhijavAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| uttIrNa hone vAle parIkSArthiyoM ko agalI kakSA kA tathA anuttIrNa hone vAle parIkSArthiyoM ko punaH usI kakSA kA praveza-patra bhejane kI vyavasthA borDa kAryAlaya dvArA kI jA rahI hai| naye parIkSArthiyoM evaM dasavIM-gyArahavIM kakSA kI parIkSA dene vAloM ko hI Avedana-patra bharakara borDa kAryAlaya ko bhijavAnA Avazyaka hai| vistRta jAnakArI ke liye samparka kareM- a.bhA. zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha, ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura-342001 (rAja.) phona naM. 0291-2630490, phaiksa -2636763 svAdhyAya zikSA 160 SXo

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samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura ke mahatvapUrNa prakAzana 20/ 10/ 20/10/2/ 10/ 15/ 3/ 12. 5/10/20/110/ 50/ 17. niHzulka 1/ 16. pustaka kA nAma mUlya 43. namo gaNigajendrAya aparigraha : vicAra aura vyavahAra 50/- 44. nUtana sapta caritra saMgraha ahiMsA : vicAra aura vyavahAra 100/- 45. nirgrantha bhajanAvalI ahiMsA (jinavANI vizeSAMka) 50/- 46. patha kI rUkAvaTeM antagaDadasA sUtra 20/- 47. paccIsa bola (artha) amaratA kA pujArI 15/- 48. paccIsa bola (vivecana) ahiMsA niuNA diTThA 40/- 46. paryuSaNa gItikA adhyAtma kI ora 30/- 50. paryuSaNa sAdhanA AdhyAtmika Aloka (sAdhAraNa) 30/- 51. paryuSaNa parvArAdhana AdhyAtmika Aloka (sajilda) 50/- 52. paryuSaNa sandeza 10. AcArya zrI hastI : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 50/- 53. pAMca bAta 11. Atma cintana 5/- 54. prathamA pAThyakrama AcArya zrI hastI : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva prArthanA pravacana (jinavANI vizeSAMka) 50/- 56. ratnavaMza ke dharmAcArya 13. AdhyAtmika pAThAvalI 2/- 57. sakArAtmaka ahiMsA 14. AnupUrvI 2/- 58. sapta kuvyasana Atma pariSkAra 5/- 56. samyagdarzana : zAstra aura vyavahAra 16. AhAra-saMyama aura rAtri bhojana-tyAga 4/- 60. sAmAyika sUtra evaM pravezikA pAThyakrama bhaktAmara stotra 5/- 61. sAmAyika sUtra (aMgrejI) caudaha niyama 4/- 62. sujAna pada sumana vATikA dazavaikAlika sUtra 40/- 63. svAdhyAya stavana mAlA durlabha aMga catuSTaya 5/- 64. svAdhyAya dIpikA durgAdAsa padAvalI 5/- 65. svAdhyAya gItikA evaM vRhad AloyaNA 22. do bAta 2/- 66. svAdhyAya zikSA (bhAga 1 se 44 pratyeka) 23. gajendra sUkti-sudhA 20/- 67. zivapurI kI sIDhiyA~ 24. gajendra pada muktAvalI 5/- 68. zAstra svAdhyAya mAlA 25. gaNI gajendra guNAvalI niHzulka zramaNa Avazyaka sUtra 26. gajendra guNa garimA niHzulka 70. zraddhAMjali vizeSAMka 27. gajendra vyA. mAlA (bhAga 1 se 7 pratyeka) 15/- 71. zrAvaka sAmAyika-pratikramaNa sUtra 28. gRhastha sAdhaka TIpa 1/- 72. zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata 26. hIrA pravacana-pIyUSa (bhAga 1) 15/- 73. zrI sAmAyika sUtra (artha sahita) 30. jaya zrI zobhAcanda niHzulka 74. zrI sAmAyika sUtra (mUla) 31. jIvana nirmANa bhajanAvalI 2/- 75. zrI nava pada ArAdhanA 32. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna 25/- 76. Sadravya vicAra paMcAzikA 33. jaina tamila sAhitya aura tirukurala 20/- 77. uttarAdhyayana sUtra bhAga -1 34. jaina darzana : Adhunika dRSTi 20/- 78. uttarAdhyayana sUtra bhAga - 2 35. jaina tattva praznottarI 5/- 76. uttarAdhyayana sUtra bhAga - 3 36. jaina svAdhyAya subhASita mAlA 10/- 80. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (padyAnuvAda) 37. jaina AcArya caritAvalI 15/- 81. upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA 38. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa vairAgya zataka (bhAga 1 se 4 pratyeka 250/- 83. vrata pravacana saMgraha 36. jainAgama (jinavANI vizeSAMka) 75/- 84. jhalakiyAM jo itihAsa bana gaI jainAgama ke stoka ratna 10/- 85. jJAtA sUtra kI kathAe~ 41. karma grantha 8/- 86. sukhavipAka sUtra |Jam Educal xRintekiyoddhAra eka nava cetanAFor Private &P:Ronal use only 21. 25/12/15/10/15/15/ 10/ 1/ 25/ 35/ 50/ 20/150/ 5/7/21/ 10/ www.jainelibrary