Prachin Bharat Varshnu Sinhavlokan

Author(s): Vijayendrasuri
Publisher: Yashovijay Granthmala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034582/1

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cavijya caLyamALA sirijha na. 137 prA cI na bhA ra ta varSa" siM ha va la ka na vidyAvallabha, itihAsatatvamahedadhi AcArya zrI vijayendrasUri C. M. 9. I. P. pra kA za ka zrIyazavijaya graMthamALA bhAva na ga 2 daDha rUpiye vi. saM. 1993 : : I. sa. 1937 :: dharma saM. 15

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Shree Yashovijaya Granthmala Harris road Bhavnagar. www Printed By Devchand Damji Sheth, At The Anand Printing Press Bhavnagar.

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be bola prAcIna 'bhAratavarSanuM siMhAvalokana' nAmanuM, utkaTa ne sacoTa aitihAsika hakIkate rajU karatuM, ane vikRta itihAsanuM vidvattAbharyuM anaveSaNa karatuM A navuM pustaka samAjane arpatAM amane AnaMda thAya che. A pustaka Da. tri. la. zAhanA "prAcIna bhAratavarSanA prathama bhAga upara lakhAyeluM che. te pustakamAM je beTI ane bhrAmaka hakIkato AlekhI che tenI yogya ne akAya purAvAo tathA sacoTa hakIkatothI bharapUra, samIkSA AmAM karavAmAM AvI che. temAM saMkhyAbaMdha pustakonA purAvAo rajU karyA che. koI koI sthaLe te eka eka hakIkata sAbita karavA mATe judA judA pustakanA pacAsathI paNa vadhAre purAvAo apAyA che.

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A pustaka lakhavAmAM teozrIe khUba avagAhana ane parizrama karelA dekhAI Ave che. temAM upayoga karelA pustakonI nAmAvali jotAM e samajAya che ke teozrInuM prAcIna arvAcIna pustakanuM parizIlana aparimita che. sAhityanI vizALa daSTi, taTasthatA ane aitihAsika puruSa tarIkenI nivRtti, ativizuddha ane rAgadveSa rahita sAhityaka puruSanI pramANikatA tarI Ave che. koI paNu matAgraha vagaranI cittavRtti sAhityanA, khAsa karIne itihAsanA lekhakane anukaraNIya AdarzarUpa che. hamaNuM vivAvaNabha ItihAsatatvamahodadhi AcArya zrI vijayendrasUri mahArAje pustaka prakAzana tarapha ThIka dRSTi pheravI che, e samAjane mATe gauravane viSaya gaNI zakAya. teoe zrIvIravihAra mImAMsA," "jagata ane jainadharma* azokanA zilAlekhe upara daSTipAta" vigere pustaka lakhI ItihAsanA kSetramAM ane gujarAtanA vidvAnamAM navuM alana UbhuM karyuM che. prabhu zrI mahAvIranA vihAra saMbaMdhI gujarAta ne mAravADanA temanA vihAra viSayaka je bhramaNa hatI ane samrATa azoka ane mahArAjA saMprati viSayaka jaina prajAmAM ne gujarAtamAM je bhramaNa UbhI karavAmAM AvI hatI temAM AcArya mahArAjanAM pustakoe navo prakAza Apyo che -- navuM daSTibiMdu rajU karyuM che. gujarAtanA ne jaina samAjanA vidvAnoe temAM sAro rasa lIdho che. A pustaka sAthe ja eka bIjuM paNa aitihAsika ne maulika pustaka "mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmApaNa AcArya mahArAja taiyAra karI rahyA che. te paNa bahu jaladI taiyAra thaI jaze evI AzA rahe che. A prasaMge ame AcArya mahArAjazrIne prArthIe ke jyAre teoe pharIne A kAma hAtha dharyuM che tyAre; atyAre aitihAsika daSTie je

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sAhityanI jarUra che ane samAjamAM jenI meTAmAM moTI khAmI che te khoTa paNa pUrI kare. ane bahu lAMbA kALathI magajamAM bharI rAkheluM jJAna ane aitihAsika sAmagrIne janatAne lAbha Ape. amArI dRSTie tAjetaramAM be pustake lakhAvAnI agatya jovAmAM che. (1) bhagavAna mahAvIranA vipakSane sAMsArika ne kauTuMbika saMbaMdha ane temanA vaMzaparivAra-vistAra saMbaMdhI. (2) bhagavAna mahAvIranuM sAmAjika ane rASTrIya jIvana, temanA vistRta vihAranI hakIkata vigere saMbaMdhI. A be pustake pragaTa thAya te Aje dharma ane samAjamAM je ekAMta pravAha relAIne aMdhadaSTi phelAI rahI che te saMbaMdhI sAre prakAza pADI zake, ane aMdhavRtti ochI thAya. atyAre samAjamAM moTe bhAge vicArazanya gADarIyA pravAhanI dhArmika aMdhavRtti ja jovAmAM Ave che. jagaduddhAraka bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmIne nAme, temanA jIvanane nAme, dharmane nAme, zAne nAme janatAnesamAjane UMdhe mArge doravAmAM Ave che, tyAganuM mahatva ne tyAganA Adarzo UlaTA samajAvAI rahyA che. amArI mAnyatA pramANe bhagavAna mahAvIranuM jIvana, dharma, Adarza, tyAgane mahimA, pravRtti ne preraNA AjanA bheDIyA dhasAna dharma ane cAlu pravRti karatAM taddana judAM ja hatAM. ATalI saMkucita mane vRti bha. mahAvIranA jIvanamAM na hatI, ATalI kUpamaMDUkatA bha. mahAvIranA dharmamAM na hatI, ATalI jhaghaDALu pravRtti-kazamakaza- . kheMcatANuM bha. mahAvIranA upadezamAM na hatI.

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eTale amArI mAnyatA che ke uparanA be pustaka prakAzita thAya te bhagavAna mahAvIrane dharma ane jIvana tathA AjanA dharma ane jIvanamAMnuM tAratamya jaNAI AvavA saMbhava che. aMte "mahAkSatrapa rAjA rUdabhA' nuM pustaka bahu jaldI samAjane ApI zakIe evI AzA sAthe viramIe. graMthamALA oNphisa. ) ogasTa 1977 prakAzaka

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prastAvanA sAhitya ane itihAsa e viSayo evA che ke jemAM roja baroja kaMI ne kaMI navuM jANavAnuM, vicAravAnuM ke anveSaNa karavAnuM hoya ja che. jagata jhapATAbaMdha jema AgaLa vadhatuM jAya che tema sAyansamAM navAM navAM Inventions ane itihAsamAM DiscoverieszodhakhoLa rejaroja thatI rahe che ane thayA karavAnI. amuka samaya pahelAM ema manAtuM ke, jaina dharma ne buddha dharma eka ja che athavA jena dharma e bauddha dharmanI zAkhA che, athavA vaidikadharmamAMthI tenI utpatti thaI che vigere vigere. Aje te badhAM maMtavyo asatya TharyA che. evI bhinna bhinna mAnyatAone aMge vidvAnomAM matabheda paNa avazya thaI Ave che. svAbhAvika ja che. jUnavANuM mata, sthitisthApakatA ke matAgrahane itihAsamAM sthAna na hoya; tema nimULa kalpanA, avAstavika zaMkAo ke ghaTanAonI DamareDa paNa pitAnI

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kalpanA pramANe na thAya. dhaTanA upara gUDha tattvAnveSaNu ane sacATa hakIkatA upara itihAsanI AkhI imArata caNAyalI che. pUrvAparanI e ghaTanAne krama meLavI itihAsanI racanA thAya tA ja itihAsa " kRti + haiM + Asa-vAstavamAM e pramANe ja hatuM." e a sAka thAya. ghaTanAne cheDIne UThelI kalpanA nirarthaka, anaka ne vidhAtaka nivaDe. jabarajastI, tANAtANu ke tADamarADa pratihAsamAM ceAgya na gaNAya. itihAsavina e gUDha tattvAnveSaka, niSpakSa dRSTA ne sraSTA hovA joie. dhArmika ke sAmAjika, vyaktigata ke paraMparAgata Agraha ne mamatva itihAsalekhakamAM na heAvA joie. zuddha, satya, saceTa hakIkato ja tene mana sarvasva hoya. temAM jeTalI khAmI teTalI itihAsamAM kSati ane ana. * ATaleA sAdhAraNa maulika khyAla ApyA pachI prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'nA avalAkana upara Avu chuM. tene prathama bhAga prakAzita thaye| te arasAmAM ja me' vAMcavA. te vakhate ja mane lakhavAnuM mana thayuM hatuM, paraMtu amane-- sAdhuone varSAkALa sivAya vihAra karatA heAvAthI ekAnta ane sthiratA bahu ja ochI maLI zake. vaLI aitihAsika anveSaNanI bAbatamAM pustakAnA Dhaga pAse joie te vihAramAM maLI zake niha. vaLI evA pradezamAM hu vihAra karatA hAvAthI jarUra pramANe pustakA prApta karI zakAya nahIM ane bahArathI maMgAvavAmAM aneka agavaDA Ave. sAthe sAthe anivAya aDacaNA paNa prasaMge prasaMge UbhI thAya-AvAM badhAM viAbharyAM kAraNeAne lIdhe tatkALa teA kazuM lakhI zakayA nahI, chatAM jyAM jyAM zakAsthAnA ke asatya AlekhanA lAgyAM te TAMkI lIdhA. temAMthI keTalAka DaoN. mahAzayane prArUpe

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jaNAvyA ane temAM keTalAka umerIne "azokanA zilAlekha upara daSTipAta nAmanA pustakamAM pAchaLa TAMkI lIdhA. De. mahAzayane jaNAvelA praznonA uttare temaNe "jena"mAM prakAzita karAvyA. temAM netaranI soTI jevuM zANapaNa hatuM, paraMtu itihAsanI daSTie te javAba saMtoSakAraka na hatA. kharI rIte temaNe e praznonAM javAba na ApyA hatA to temanI pratiSThA vadhAre jaLavAta. javAba ApIne te te pote potAnI jALamAM pUrAyA che. prastuta 27 praznonA javAbamAM 6 javAbamAM te "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM ALekhelA asatyane svIkAra karyo che. traNamAM spaSTa rIte, traNamAM drAviDaprANAyAmanI rIte. cauda uttaramAM ItihAsanI daSTie lUlA bacAvo karyA che ane ATha praznomAM pitAnA pustakane havAle Ape che. paraMtu pustaka te meM vAMcyuM ja hatuM. temAM te saMbaMdhI kazuM tavya ke satya na nihALyuM tyAre te bhAre pUchavAne avasara Avyo. khera ! e vAta javA daIe paNa 25-10-36 nA gujarAtI ' sAptAhika patramAM teo jaNAve che ke - "tenA (27 praznonA) uttara to te ja patra(jena)mAM ApI cUkyo chuM. bAkI je 34 prazno rahyA tenA uttara devA rahe che, paNa nehIvargamAMthI aneka sUcanAo te saMbaMdhI je thaI che temAM eka evI che ke, temaNe jyAre pustikAmAM te prazno chApyA che te mAre te ekasane khulAso ekI sAthe prajA samakSa dharavo joIe ke jethI sArAsAranI vAcakone khabara paDe. jethI karIne " prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'ne trIjo bhAga je chapAya che tenA aMte te joDavA dhAruM chuM. uparAMta tenI chUTI nakalo keTalIka kaDhAvIza, je vidvAnene athavA tenA abhyAsIone, maMgAvavAthI

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mAkalI ApIza. athavA pUjyapAda AcAya mahArAje jemane jemane peAtAnI pustikA mekalI che temanAM saranAmA mane teozrI mekalI Apo te temane paNa mekalI ApavAmAM Avaze. ' 'gujarAtI' mAM A je nAMkhI cADI aprastuta ne aprAsaMgika vAtA lakhI che, praznonA javAmA lakhavAnI hiMmatabharI AgAhI batAvI che, vAcakAne sArAsAranI khabara pADavAnA je khADaMbara racAya che. ane mArI pAsethI vidrAnAnAM saranAmA meLavavAnI je utkaMThA batAvI che te trIjo bhAga te kayArA bahAra paDI cUyA chatAM temAM ekasaThatA zuM * eka 'nA javAba ApyA dekhAte nathI. ' medha gAjyA teA gaDagaDATa paNa varasyA nahIM. TIpuM ya " e AgAhI ADaMbara, utkaMThA badhuM ya nakAmu nivaDayu...! mAre tA hajI paNa temane Agraha che -e praznonA javAkhA jyAre lakhavAnA H vidvAnane mekalavAnA hoya te vakhate temanAM siranAmA mArI pAsethI maMgAvI leze teA jarUra mAkalIza. khIjI vastu--manuSyanA mAnasanI uccatA nIcatA sAthe sabaMdha dharAvanArI-e prakaTa karI che ke- pustikA UbhI karatAM, chapAvatAM ane TapAlamAM mAkalAvatAM pU. A. ma.ne lagabhaga pAMcasA eka rUpIyA mArI gaNatrI pramANe kharca thayuM haze ema lAge che, te temane te jAhera krUDamAMthI ke koi zrAvakadvArA maLI gayuM haze jyAre mAre to te sa jo mArA padarathI ja upADave paDaze. chatAM ya jo kharI vastusthiti viga samakSa dharAtI DAya te teTale vyaya ganImata lekhAro." uparanA karAyI lekhakanuM mAnasa keTaluM udAra (!) che. te samajI zakAya che. kharca keTale thAya ke keTalA nahIM te prakAzakane jovAnuM-vicAravAnuM rahe che; chatAM gena AcArane jANanAra krAi ziSTa jaina gRhastha Ama lakhe nahIM. uparAMta te phakarAmAMthI hA tA.

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11 e maLI Ave che ke temanA pustaka sAme koI kazuM lakhe ke bele e temane pasaMda nathI eTale game te rIte bIjAnI asaMbaddha TIkA karavI. e hakIkatane bAjue rAkhIe paNa mArA praznonA javAba ApavA mATe ATaluM badhuM dhAMdhala macAvyuM che chatAM ya trIjA bhAgamAM tenA javAbo zA mATe nathI ApyA te kaLavuM muzkela nathI; ane tethI te ema ja mAnavuM rahyuM che te badhI mAtra khoTI jAhera khabara ja hatI. mAruM pustaka " azokanA zilAlekhe upara daSTipAta" moDuM prakaTa thayuM temAM paNa upara jaNAvyAM te ja kAraNo hatAM, chatAM prA. bhA. nA lekhaka trIjA bhAganI prastAvanAnI noTamAM lakhe che ketemAM kAMI gaMdI ramata ramAtI haze..." hRdayanI ATalI badhI udAratA (?) ubharAvI na hatI te vadhAre sAruM na hatuM ? pustaka lakhavAmAM ke chApavAmAM gaMdI ramata zI haze te te AkSepa karanAra lekhaka ja jANuM zake. paraMtu ItihAsanI hakIkata e kAMI davA dispense karavA jevuM te nathI ke game te-sArI narasI-davA game temAM bheLavI devI ane mUrkha-ajJAna dada patients ke grAhakone samajAvI paTAvI-bharamAvI paisA kamAvAnA heya. pustakamAM je seLabheLa ne goLamALa karavAmAM AvI che te AvI Tevane to AbhArI nathI ne ! itihAsamAM to hakIkato je banI hoya tene tenA mULa svarUpamAM mUkvAnI heya che. eka ne eka be jevI satya ne sacoTa hakIkato temAM rajU karavAnI hoya che. temAM phAraphera hoya ke zodhakhoLathI tema sAbita thAya to te koI paNa itihAsapremIne svIkAravAmAM saMkoca na thAya. A pANInA raMga jevo nirmaLa ItihAsano viSaya che chatAM temAM gaMdI ramata hevAnuM ka9pI levuM e keTaluM badhuM zocanIya che?

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mArI potAnI ja lakhelI hakIkata ItihAsanA anveSaNathI jyAre anyathA sAbita thAya te te vakhate paNa mane navo mata AdarapUrvaka mAnya raheze. azvazALA(tabela)ne zukazALA (cuMgIghara)nI hakIkata mAphaka durAgraha nahIM rahe. ATaluM prAsaMgika vivecana anicchAe paNa karyA pachI pustakanI mULa hakIkata upara AvuM chuM. lekhakane pustakamAM e dAvo che ke "temaNe ItihAsamAM navA vicAro rajU karyA che. navA vicAra karatAM navI kalpanAo karI che ema kahevuM vadhu vAstavika gaNata, chatAM navA vicAro rajU karavA ne kAMI artha nathI. ItihAsamAM navuM anveSaNa karavAnI jarUra che. tenI pAchaLa hakIkto ane ghaTanAonA prabaLa purAvAo rajU thavA joIe. managhaData kalpanA-tara e aitihAsika navA vicAro kadI na thaI zake. chevaTe te e hAni na pahoMcADe. A siMhAvakana moTe bhAge prAcIna bhAratavarSanA prathama bhAganuM ja che. ne tenA ja keTalAka muddAo-itihAsamAM asaMgatavighAtaka-anarthakAraka nivaDe evA upara vicAra karyo che; chatAM jyAM paraspara virodha ke asaMgatatA mAlUma paDI che tyAM bIjA ke trIjA bhAganA vAcanamAMthI TAMcaNa karyuM che. bIjA bhAganuM vistRta vivecana karavAmAM samayano vyaya thavA sAthe bIjA jarUrI kAmamAM paNa bAdhA Ave. avvalamAM te eka pustakanA TIkA TIpaNumAM samaya vyatIta karI nAkhuM e karatAM mArA hiMda ne hiMda bahAranA upayogI ne jarUrI kAmamAM samaya gALuM e vadhAre phaLadAyaka che eTale prA. bhA. nA anya bhAgonuM avalokana bhaviSya upara mutavI rAkhI prathama bhAganuM ja avalokana karyuM che. pustaka bAbata svayaM lekhakanA lakhANa uparathI ja mAluma paDI Ave che ke temanuM maulika vAcana nahIM jevuM ja haze, kAraNa

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ke auddha, vaidika graMthe te temaNe tapAsyA nathI. saMskRta, prAkRta, jaina graMtha paNa tapAsyA hoya tevuM tenI Bibliography uparathI dekhAtuM nathI. teo lakhe che ke - bauddhanA pustake sArA pramANamAM mudrita thaI gayAM che ane sulabhya paNa che ane vaLI je graMthanI yAdI meM ApI che te graMthe te AvAM bauddha pustakanA paThana, pAThana ane gaSaNa karIne pachI ja vidvAnee bahAra pADayAM che eTale svataMtra rIte, te pustako mAre pharIne jovAnI jarUra ja rahetI nathI..... temAM vaidika dharmanA keI tevA prAcIna chapAyAM nathI ane haze ke kema, te bahu jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. chatAM jaina granthanI sAkSIo meM ApI che to te kevA graMthanI che ? kai AdhAra vinAnA kenaoNvelarUpe ke vArtArUpe lakhAyAM hoya tevAnI ke je pustake sarvamAnya thaI paDyAM hoya ane sattA samAna lekhAta hoya tevAnI che. " pu. 1, pR. 27-prazasti. kharI vAta e che ke bIjAe lakhyAM ke bahAra pADyAM hoya ke temAM gaSaNuM game teTalI thaI hoya to paNa te svataMtra rIte pote itihAsakAre vAMcavA jevAM ja joIe. bIjAoe pitAnA samarthana ke khaMDanamAM zuM kahyuM che te vAMcyA pahelAM itihAsa na lakhI zakAya. je pustake chapAyAM na hoya te hastalikhita hoya te te paNa vAMcavA-vaMcAvavA-tapAsAvarAvavA Avazyaka che. je vastu jANavAmAM na Ave tenA upara paNa lakhavAnI pravRtti karavI e te anadhikAra ceSTA ja kahevAya.

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vaLI je pUrA vAMcelA graMtha bIlIogrAphImAM batAvyA che te vAMcIne itihAsa lakhI zakAya ke kema te te koI itihAsavijJa pArvAtya ke pAzcAtya vidvAnane pUchI joyuM hota te khabara paData ane sAthe sAthe pUchanAranI kiMmata paNa aMkAta. TUMkamAM AvI rIte maulika pustako ke hakIkatone aNajANI ja cheDI daIne uparaceTIyA pustako ke bha. bA. bhASAMtara jevA kathAnaka ke arvAcIna pustake uparathI itihAsa lakhavo eka sAhasa mAtra che. ane enuM ja pariNAma che ke prAcIna bhAratavarSa ' pustakamAM nIcenA gaMbhIra asatyo AlekhAyelAM che. gaMgA ane caMpAnagarInA saMbaMdhanI khabara nathI. jaMlIyagAma ne bhArata eka batAvyA che. aMgadezane dakSiNa hiMdamAM mAnavAmAM AvyA che. sAMcIne-vIra nivaNabhUmi-pAvApurI mAnyuM che. bha0mahAvIranuM nivaNa zukazALAne badale (Customs house) azvazALA-ghaDAsAra tabelAmAM mAnyuM che. AmrakAEvanA zilAlekhane caMdragupta mauryane zilAlekha mA che. zAktAyana ane kAtyAyanane eka manAvavAno prayAsa thayo che. pataMjali ane kAtyAyanane eka mAnavAnI kalpanA karI che. coravADane ajaba vyutpattithI zauripura mAnI lIdhuM che. (zauripura; zaricauri; cauriera cerapura athavA coravADa.) udAyI rAjAne ajAtazatru batAvyo che. * te rAja (ajAtazatra) potAnA rAjyanA cothA varSe gaMgA nadInA dakSiNa kinAre kusumapura nAmanuM rAhera vasAvI tyAM rAjadhAnI karo. prA. lA. 5 1, 5. ra96,

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A te sAmAnya namUnArUpe che. te uparAMta paraspara viruddha manAtI-gaNatI ghaNI hakIkata maLI Ave che; jevI ke eka vakhata *pANinine jena manAve che, bIjI vakhata tenA dharma viSe kazuM ja jANavAmAM nathI AvyuM ema lakhe che te trIjI vakhata vaLI tenA dharma viSe jANavAnI kazI kezIza ja karI nathI ema jaNAve che. eka sthaLe rUdradAmA ghAtakI svabhAvavALa ne anArya jAtine hei anukaMpAvALe banI zake e asaMbhavita batAvyuM che, jyAre bIjI vakhata ahiMsA dharmanA pAlanamAM caSTananA AkhA kSatrapa vaMzane AdarzarUpa mAne che. kharI rIte je pustakanA phakarAne A anuvAda che te pustakane phakara A pramANe che. Ajatsatru will be king 25 years. Darshaka will be king 25 years. After him Udayin will be king 33 years. That king will make as his capital...on the earth Kusumpura......in his fourth year. tenA mULagraMtha vAyupurANamAM A pramANe ullekha che. udAyI bhavitA yasmAt trayaviMzat samA napaH / savai puravaraM rAjA pRthivyAM kusumADvayam // che te turghave sthiti che ? . 282 vaLI te graMtha te pairANika che, tenuM nAma Pargiters Dynastic listinKali ages che. jyAre lekhaka A graMthane behagranya tarIke gaNI havAlo prA. bhA. 5,15. 297. TI. 21 bhA. 1.. 258. pu. 2. 5. 35. 5. 3,5. 394. sI.

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- eka vakhata pANini brAhmaNakuLamAM * jamyA hovAno ullekha thayo che, jyAre bIjI vakhata te pANinine anArya + mAnyA che. Ama aneka paraspara viruddha lakhANo maLI Ave che. keTalIka asaMbhava ghaTanAonA ullekho paNa temAM vAMcavAmAM Ave che. trevIsamA tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha takSazilAmAM * bodhisava thayAnuM batAvyuM che. sAthe sAthe tyAMnA zilAlekhamAM e ullekha che ema paNa jaNAvyuM che. tema karavAmAM buddhanA pArzva nAmanA bhikhu ane tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bheda ja temanAthI khulyo jaNAto nathI. "bodhisava" e kayA dharmane pAribhASika zabda che ene paNa vicAra karyo lAgato nathI. eka sthaLe to praznArtha cihna karI lakhe che: "zuM bauddhadharmamAM pArzvanAtha nAmanI koI vyakti thaI che ?' A prazna te lekhakanA jJAnanI parisImA batAvI Ape che. mathurAnA siMhadhvajanA zilAlekhane jaina= zilAlekha samajavAnI aghaTita kalpanA karI che.. * 5. , pR. 225. + pu. 2, pR. 177. * pu. 2, pR. 305. - pu. 2, pR. 40. = bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA jilda 2, pR. 765-6 nIce pramANe jaNAve che. san 1869 meM paM. bhagavAnalAla indrajI ko mathurA meM sItalA mAI ke eka cabutare kI sIr3hiyoM meM dabA huA eka siMhadhvaja milA thA, jisakI siMha mUrtiyoM para Age pIche tathA nIce kaI paMkiyoM meM paka hokI tela thI .......

Page #17
bAhubaLInI mUrtine bhadrabAhunI mUrti hovAnuM mAnyuM che. viranI nirvANabhUmi tarIke pAvApurIne badale sAMcIne eka karatapanuM smAraka prA. bhA. pustakamAM mukhacitra tarIke rajU karyuM che. guptavaMzIya caMdragupta bIjAnI hakIkata caMdragupta mauryanI mAnI laI tenA nAme jAhera karI che. temAM AgaLa pAchaLano saMbaMdha paNa vAMcyuM nathI ane mULa lekhakanI zI mAnyatA che te paNa vicArAyuM nathI. DA. sTaeNna kono ne usakI antima vyAkhyA kI hai, usake anusAra usa lekha kA abhiprAya yoM hai: ___ "mahAkSatrapa rajula kI apra-mahiSI, yuvarAja kharamosta kI beTI......kI mA~, bhayasiya kamuia ne apanI mA~......dAdI......mAI ...aura bhatIjI sahita rAjA muki aura usake ghor3e kI bhUSA kara ke zAkya-muni buddha kA zarIra dhAtu pratiSThApita kiyA, aura stUpa aura saMcArAma bhI, sarvAstivAdiyoM ke cAturdiza saMgha ke parigraha ke lie| yuvarAja kharaosta kamuia ne kumAra......ko bhI isa kArya meM sahamata kiyaa| mahAkSatrapa rajula ke beTe kSatrapa zuDasa ne guhAvihAra ko yaha pRthivI-pradeza diyA, mahAkSatrapa kusuluka patika mevaki miyika kSatrapa kI pUjA ke lie, sarvAstivAdiyoM ke parigraha meM, saba buddhoM dharma aura saMgha kI pUjA ke lie, samUce sakastAna kI pUjA ke lie..................|" A siMhavijamAM te mahAtmA buddhane lagatI badhI bAbato varNavAcalI che. x 5. 2, bhumayitra * sAMcIno stUpanA lekhamAM apAya dAna e guptavaMzIya caMdragupta bIjAnA vakhatamAM thayuM che ane tenI hakIkata sara kaniMgahAme lakhI che tene UtAre ahIM ApuM chuM tethI spaSTa hakIkata jaNAze.

Page #18
keTaleka sthaLe mULa bhASAnA ajJAnathI apabhraMze paNa evI rIte kapyA che ke vAMcanArane Azcarya upajyA vagara rahe nahiM. zAkaTAyana ane kAtyAyana e parasparane apabhraMza mAnya che. kAtyAyanane kAnvAyana mAnavA mathe che. keTina ne kauDinyane apabhraMza mAnyo che. sAMcI zabdane saccapurIne apabhraMza mAne che. zauri e caurine apabhraMza batAvyo che. A badhI itihAsamAM ghAtaka ne anarthakAraka binAe che. sarasvatInA phaTAnI je vikRti karI che tene mATe te zrI. ' sArAbhAI navAbane paNa lakhavuM paDyuM che ke - ajAyabanI vAta to e che ke Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha jevA itihAsanA viSayamAM rasa lenAra mahAzaya pitAnA "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM nAmanA granthanAM pahelA bhAgamAM mukhacitra tarIke A sarasvatInI mUrtine kalpita mastaka ane jamaNa hAthamAM mALA sahita rajU kare che. ane e rIte itihAsane mahAna anyAya Ape che" But, if my chronology of the Guptas be correct, we have the most clear proof of the Buddhist belief of Chandragupta in FaHian's travels. P. 156. It is even possible that Chandragupta may have professed Buddhism in the early part of his reign, and Vaishnavism in the latter part; for the difference between the two is more nominal than real. P. 157 Bhilga Topes.' * jaina satya prakAza varSa 1, aMka 12, 5. 421

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19 vizeSa AzcaryakAraka ghaTanA te e che ke je pustakanA utArAo ke mate temaNe lIdhA che tenA AsapAsanA phakarAonA saMbaMdhane teDI adhUrA zabdanA phakarAo pitAnI kalpanAne anukULa Ave evA hoya te uThAvI laI, bIjAnA mata tarIke sthApI tenuM zaraNa zeDyuM che ane tema karI te vidvAnene badanAma karyA che. AvI kuTilatA paNa temAM vAparavAmAM AvI che. bIjI tarapha aitihAsika puruSoe anaveSaNathI zodhI kADhelI satya hakIkate rajU karavA mATe salAha ApI che chatAM tene sAruM banI svIkAra karAyo nathI. AvI AvI hakIkata jyAre vAMcavAmAM Ave tyAre saheje ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa maLe ke pustakane mULa uddeza kharI hakIkata rajU karavAno nahIM paNa kaMika jude je hevo joie. vaLI tenA samagra vAcanathI evo avyakta dhvani nIkaLI Ave che ke "ThIka che, A paNa itihAsa thaI jaze ne! bhaviSyamAM ApaNe paNa eka aitihAsika tarIke mata gaNAI jaze ne? e paNa hakIkate banI jaze ne ? AvA badhA arthe pustakamAM bharyAM paDayA hevA chatAM lekhaka lakhe che - "AkhA granthamAM saMzodhaka daSTie kAma lIdhe javAyuM hovAthI pAne pAne navIna ja hakIkata dekhAyA kare che." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 17 prazasti * Bhilsa Topes by Cunningham * munirAja zrI zAriracanag pu. 1, pR. 215 upara batAvelI hakIkta

Page #20
jema azoka ane priyadarzina vacceno bheda ane bhrama keDI naMkhAyo che, tema prathama pariziSTamAM sudarzana taLAvanI racanAnuM kAraNa tathA tenA kartA rUdradAmana* kSatrapane gaNavAmAM AvyA che te banne binAnuM svarUpa uthalAvI naMkhAyuM che. pu. 2, pR. 21. prazasti . * e bheda ne bhrama pheDI nAMkhavAnI bhrAMti tyAM sudhI che jyAM sudhI azokanA zilAlekhe para daSTipAta" ane "mArA zazIttana' mAM mosto munivarsiTInA laoN zono lekha vAMcyuM nathI. e be vAMce pachI tene zo javAba che ? De. strIne ke je lakhe che te A che - When Asoka was king Bindusara's Viceroy in the Takshasila country, and it is found in the Aramic inscription which Sir John found at Sirkap. According to the late Professor Andreas this record mentions a certain Romedata, evidently an Iran. ian, as 'town-friend' of Nagaruta, praises his (zeal, and also gives the name of the Governor or Viceroy Priyadarsi. Priyada srhi is of course the well-known disignation of the later emperor Asoka and Romedata must have been his chief official in a place called Nagaruta. : . Dr. Sten Know. pro. eNDriesa ke matAnusAra ise romadatta nAmake nagarUta ke nagaramitrane apane kAryoM kI prazaMsA meM khudavAyA thA; samrAT bindusAra ke pratinidhi priyadarzI (azoka) kA isa meM ullekha hai / bhAratIya anuzIlana, pR. 7 * A bhrAMti paNa mAruM tAjetaramAM prakaTa thanA "mahAkSatrapa rudratA nAmanuM pustaka prakaTa thayuM nathI tyAM sudhI ja raheze. pachI sudarzana taLAvanI ane kadAmAnI bannenI bhrAMti dUra thaI jaze, evI AzA rAkhuM chuM.

Page #21
A zabdo jyAre vAMcavAmAM Ave che tyAre sasmita Azcarya thayA vagara rahetuM nathI. ane manamAM thaI Ave ke jyAM ka95nAnI ja bharamAra che tyAM AvAM AvAM "varane vakhANe varanI mA'nI mAphaka potAnA pustakanAM guNagAna karavAmAM AvyAM che ane asatyane satya kahetAM paNa saMkoca thayo nathI. UlaTuM "aho hama niH'nuM pradarzana karAyuM che tyAM zuM kahevuM? kharI hakIkata to e che ke-pitAnA pustakanA pite guNa gAya ke pitAnA cheDA maLatIyA athavA te viSayanA anabhijJa mANaso pustaka vAcyAM vagara vakhANI che te karatAM te viSayanA jANakAra vidvAne pustaka vAMcIne abhiprAya Ape te upara pustakanA sArAsArano ne satyapaNane AdhAra rAkhavo ghaTe. laMbANa bahu thayuM che eTale vAcakone vadhAre kaMTALo nahIM ApatAM eka vAta jarUrI khUba jarUrI kahI lauM ke zraddhA eka vAta che, ItihAsa bIjI vastu che ane te bannene gADha saMbaMdha che. itihAsa zraddhAno dI che. ItihAsa vagaranI zraddhA AMdhaLI che. kharo itihAsa jANIne potAne ne parAyAne je zraddhA thAya te daDhatara, cirasthAyI ne vadhu vizuddha bane che. pauvaMtya ane pAzcAtya vidvAnanI jainasAhitya, jeno itihAsa ane jainadharma pratye je zraddhA ne Adara che te tenA kharA ItihAsane AbhArI che. aMdhazraddhAthI beTI vastune paNa kharI mAnavI ke parAyI vastune pitAnI mAnavI e pariNAme zraddhA ane vyaktitva bane nukazAna kare che-nAza kare che. keI paNa jAtanA matAgraha ke aMdhazraddhAthI itihAsane vikRta kare e adharma che, kAraNa ke tethI pariNAme dharma, zAstrakAra ane itihAsakAre apratiSThita ane apramANika Thare che.

Page #22
22 eTale mArI itihAsanA eka abhyAsI tarIke, temaja dharmanA eka AcArya tarIke paNa krUraja che ke-jagat samakSa sAcI vastu rajU. karavI ane te dvArA dhama-zAstra ane itihAsanI saccAI tarapha jagatane vALavuM. temAM ja zAstrakArA, pUrvAcAryAM ane dharmanuM gaurava che. aMtamAM hu. eTalu pRththuM : ke gujarAtanI prajA, hakIkatAnu vicArapUrvaka taTastha dRSTie avalAkana karatI thaze te paNa pustakanA hetu pAra paDayeA gaNAze. A pustaka lakhavAmAM zrIyuta kUttehacaMdra khelANI--nyAya-vyAkaraNatItha-e keTalIka sahAyatA ane sUcanA ApIne temaNe ziSya tarIkenu ujavaLa udAharaNa pUruM pADayu che. pustakanI sAmagrI ekaThI karavAmAM sahAyaka thanArA zivagaMja ( sirAhI ) tathA lAdhI( mAravADa )nA zrIsadhAne dhanyavAda dhaTe che. phlAthI (mAravADa) zrAvaNa dha sa. 15. } vijayendrasUri

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pustakonuM sUcipatra dar. jenAM pramANe A pustakamAM ApyAM che ENGLISH 1 Age of Imperial Guptas R. D. Banerji 1933 2 Ancient India and Indian Civilization. M. R. Dobie 1934 3 Ancient Indian Tribes Bimala Charan 1926 Vol. I. Law. 4 , , , Vol. II 1934 5 Ancient Indian History R. C. Majum- 1927 and Civilization. 6 Ancient Indian His torical Civilization. F. E. Pargiter 1922 7 Ancient Geography of India ( Sir Cunnin- S. Majumdar 1924 gham's ) Sastri. 8 Asoka. R. Mookerji. 1928 9 Asoka Text and Glossary Vol. I. A. C. Woolner 1924 10 , , , , Vol. II 11 Asokan Rock at Girnar Gaekwad's....... 1936 Series 12 Aux Temps des Mauryas L. Vallee Po. 1935 ussin

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13 Beginning of Buddhist Art. 14 Bharhut Inscriptions. 15 Bhilsa Topes. 16 Buddhist Art in India 17 Buddhist India. 18 Buddhist 24 Records of Western World. 19 Buddhistic Studies 20 Cambridge History of India, Vol. I 21 A Catalogue of The Indian Coins in the British Museum. 22 Chronology of Ancient India. 23 Dynastic List in Kali Ages, 24 Dnasties et Histoire de L,Inde. 25 Early History of India 26 Early Inscriptions of Bibar and Orissa 27 Early History of Kausambi L.A. Thomas & 1914 F. W. Thomas. Barua & Sinha, 1926 Sir Cunningham 1854 A. C. Gibson 1901 T. W. Rhys 1903 Davids. Beal Popular edition. Bimala Charan 1931 Law. E. J. Rapson 1935 E. J. Rapson 1908 M. A. S. N. Pradhan 1927 F. E. Pargiter V. Poussin V. A. Smith A. Banerji Sastri N. Ghosh 1913 1935 1924 1927 1935

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25 1932 nchi 1927 1928 1921 1936 1920 1933 28 Geography of Early B. C. Law Buddhism 29 Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India Nandolal Dey 30 Guide to Sanchi John Marshall 31 Hinduism and Budd- Sir Charls hism Vol. I Eliot 32 ,, ,, ,, Vol. III 33 Hindu Civilization. R. Mookerji 34 Hindu History A. K. Majumdar 35 Historical Inscriptions G. V. Acharya of Gujarat Pt. I 36 History of Orissa Vol. I R. D. Banerji 37 History of NorthEastern India R. G. Basak 38 History of India K. P. Jayswal 39 Kalpa Sutra Herman Jacobi 40 Kharoshthi Inscrip tions: Corpvs Inscriptionvm Indicarvm Vol. II, Pt. I Dr. Sten Konow 41 Life of Buddha W W. Rockhill 42 Life of Buddha E. J. Thomas 43 Mahavamsa Wilhelm Gieger 1930 1934 1933 1879 1929 1907 1931 1934

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R. Mookerji 1924 B, C. Law B. Barua 1935 1929 44 Man and Thought in Ancient India 45 Memories of the Ar chaeological Survey of India 46 Old Brahmi Inscrip. tions 47 On Yuan Chwang Tra. vels in India Vol. I. 48 ,, ,, Vol. II 49 Political History of Ancient India. 50 Prakrit Sanskrit Ing- criptions. ( Collection ) 51 Sanskrit English Dic- tionary (New Edition) 52 Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India. T. Watters, 1905 Raychaudhari. 1932 Maharaja of Bhavnagar. ... Sir Monier 1899 William. Bimala Charan 1924 Law.

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prAkRta - pAlI grantho 53 abhidhAna rAjendra koza paMcama vibhAga 54 AcArAMgasUtra saTIka bhA. 1 "" 55 56 Avazyaka sUtra saTIka ( malayagiri TIkA ) 57 Avazyaka sUtra saTIka ( hAribhadrIya TIkA ) bhASAMtarayukta 58 Avazyaka sUtra 27 cUrNi pUrvabhAga: (jinadAsa kRta) 11 cUrNi uttarabhAgaH 59 11 60 uttarAdhyayanAni ( kamalasaMyamI TIkA ) 61 uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti ( zAntyAcArya kRta ) 62 uttarAdhyayanAni ( bhAvavijayajI TIkA ) 63 uvAsagadasAo 64 kalpasUtra mUla 65 kalpakaumudI " 67 66 kalpasUtra kiraNAvali vRtti dIpikA TIkA subodhakA TIkA "" 68 zrI rAjendrasUri siddhacakra sAhitya 1935 pracAraka samiti ravajIbhAI devarAja 1906 Agamodaya samiti 1928. " RSabhadeva kesarImala peDhI ratalAma " vijayadharmalakSmI jJAnamandira devacanda lAlabhAi 1921 1917 1928. 1928 1923 pu0 phaNDa 1996. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA 1915. e. epha. ruDaoNlpha hornala saM. vijayameghasUri 1933 zAntisAgara 1936. jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA 1922 zrI jayavijaya kRta 1991 jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA 1915

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69 kumArapAlapratibodha gAyakavADa sirijha 1914 70 dazakAlika sUtra cUrNi RSabhadeva kesarImala peDhI ratalAma 1933 " sAnuvAda bhAmasiMha mANeka 1900 72 dogha nikAya 73 nirayAvaliyAno / e. esa. gopANI, bI. je. cokasI 74 paMcapratikramaNa zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA ... 75 pravacanasAroddhAra saTIka pUrvArddha devacanda lAlabhAI 1922 76 , , , uttarAddha , pu0 phaNDa 1926 77 praznadhyAkaraNa sUtra Agamodaya samiti 78 pAiasahamahaNNavo paM. haragovindadAsa TI. zeTha 1928 *79 bRhatkalpasUtra saM. DaoN. zubrIMga 80 bhagavatIsUtra tRtIya khaNa saM. paM. bahecaradAsa 1988 81 majjhimanikAya rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 1933 82 bhavabhAvanA prathama bhAga malladhArI zrIhemacaMdra 1992 83 mahAvIracari saM. muni catura(zrI nemicandra kRta ) vijayajI 1973 84 mahAvIracariaM devacanda lAlabhAi (zrI guNacandra kRta) pu0phaNDa 1929 85 rAyapaseNiyaMsi paesikahANayaM po. ela. vaidya 86 vasudeva hiNDi prathama khaNDa prathamAMzajaina AtmAnaMda sabhA 1930 87 .., , dvitIyAMza 1931 88 vidhipakSa gacchIya pratikramaNasUtra zrI0 bhImasiMha mANeka ... 89 vividha tIrthakalpa saM.zrI.jinavijayajI 1934 90 sthAnAMga sUtra saTIka pUrvArddha Agamodaya samiti 1918 , , uttarArddha 1920

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saMskRta grantho 92 abhidhAna cintAmaNi bhA. prathama yazo grantha0 vI.saM.2441 93 , , bhA. dvitIya , 2446 94 atharvaveda 95 RSabhapaMcAzikA pro0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA 1933 96 kalpadrukoza zrI rAmAvatAra zarmA 1928 97 kavikalpama vopadeva 98 kAvyamImAMsA gAyakavADa sirijha 1934. 99 kAvyAnuzAsana hemacandrAcArya 1934 100 triSaSThizalAkA pu.caritra parva 1964 78 103 nATyazAstra bhAga dvitIya gAyakavADasirIjha 1934 104 paTTAvalisamukhaya saM. muni darzanavi0 1933 105 pariziSTaparva pro. harmana jekobI 1932 106 pANDavacaritra gadya yazovi0 grantha vI.saM2438 107 bharateparabAhubalivRtti prathama bhAga devacaMdalAlabhAiphaMDa.1932 108 , , dvitIya ,, , , hastalikhita. A. vijayendrasUrinA _saMgrahamAMthI ... 110 matsyapurANa prAnandAzramapranyA0.1907 111 mahAbhArata kRSNAcArya tathA vyAsAcArya 1908 112 vAcaspatyAbhidhAna paM. tArAnAtha

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113 vAyupurANa 114 zabdastomamahAnidhi 115 zabdacintAmaNi 116 zabdArtha cintAmaNi 117 siddhAntakaumudI AnandAzramagranthA0 1905 paM. tArAnAtha 1994 savAilAla choTAlAla vorA 1956 paM. sukhAnanda 1991 paM. vAsudeva lakSmaNa ___ zAstrI. 1933 vyAsamuni saM. paM. zivadatta 1900 118 skanda purANa 119 hIrasaubhAgya kAgya

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120 ayodhyA kA itihAsa 121 azoka ke dharmalekha 122 Aryadeza darpaNa 123 guptavaMza kA itihAsa 124 candragupta vikramAditya 125 tibbata meM savA barasa 126 buddhacaryA 127 bauddhakAlIna bhArata 128 phAhiyAna 129 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hindI pustako 19 130 bhArata ke rAjavaMza -131 bhArata aura usake nivAsI 132 bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ji. 1. ji. 20 "" ,, " 133 134 bhAratIya anuzIlana 31 "" 19 135 bhopAla sTeTa kA bhUgola 136 mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa 137 vIra nirvANa saMvata aura jaina kAlagaNanA 138 huenasAMga kA bhArata bhramaNa LAlA sotArAma bI. e. 1932 janArdana bhaTTa ema. e. 1980 mu. zAntivijayajI 1887 raghunandanazAstrI ema.e. 1932 gaMgAprasAda mhetA ema. e. 1932 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 1990 1988 " " janArdana bhaTTa ema. e. 1982 jagamohana varmA 1976 bAbU kAmatAprasAda jana "D ... paM. vizvezvaranAtha reu jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra 1987 "" " ... ,, 1933 "" hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga 1928 29 1990 ... kAzIprasAda jayasvAla nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kAzI munirAja zrI kalyANavijayajI ThAkuraprasAda zarmA 1928 1987 1929

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32 baMgAlI pustake 119 pANini (pariSkRta saMskaraNa ) rajanIkAnta 1998 140 baMgIya mahAkoza amUlyacaraNa vidyAbhavana (Encyclopaedia Bengalensis ) 141 bauddhayugera bhUgola vimalacaraNa loM 1935 152 bauddhagrantha koza veNImAdhava baraA 1936 (piTa ghAvati vaiyA ) 143 bauddha bhArata zaratakumAra raoNya 1931 224 vizvakoza ( ) nInA kuza302 ( Encyclopaedia Indica ) gujarAtI pustake 145 kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha zrI rAjendrasUri 13ra 146 jaina sAhitya saMbaMdhI lekhane saMgraha jenadharma prasAraka sabhA 147 pAMDavacaritra bhImasiMha mANeka 1912 148 prAcIna tIrthamALA saM. bhA. 1 gurudeva vijaya dharmasUri 1978 149 bharatezvarabAhubanivRtti bhASAM anu. zrI motIcaMda odhavajI 1898 150 rAyapAseNaIya sUtra anu. 5. bahecaradAsa dezI 1935 151 hindusthAnane prAcIna itihAsa gujarAta varnAkayulara sAyaTI 1991

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ra Journals. * 1984 1891 152 Epegraphia Indica Vol. II 158 , , Vol. X 154 Karnatica Vol. II 155 Asia. 156 Indian Antiquary. 157 Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. IX 158 ,, , , Vol. X 159 Journal of Andhra Histo rical Research Society Vol. 9 160 Survey of India Map Sheet No. 63. 161 sudhA 16ra jaina satya prakAza varSa 1 163 jaina sAhitya saMzAdhaka khaMDa 1 164 khaMDa 3 1936

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34 viSayAnukrama. 6 be bela prastAvanA pustakasUci viSayAnukama 1 pustaka lakhavAne hetu 2 mahArAjA khAravela ane AjIvika matane saMbaMdha khAravelanI kharI hakIkta mahArAjA khAravela kayA matanA ? 3 manaka muninuM avasAna kayAre thayuM ? manaka muni keTalI umare avasAna pAmyA ? 4 zAkatAyana ke zAkaTAyana? 5 zAkaTAyana ane kAtyAyanane bheda 6 vaiyAkaraNa pANinine dharma kayo? 7 pANininI janmabhUmi kyAM AvI? genaI kenI janmabhUmi ? pANininI janmabhUmi kaI? genad deza kayAM AvyA ? 8 caMpA jUnI ane navI.. aMgadeza kayAM AvyuM ? 9 jabhIya gAma ane hajuvAlukA nadI chaghAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu kayuM? bAramuM comAsu kayAM thayuM ? bAramuM comAsu 10 pAvApurI kayAM AvyuM? 23 ja Yi T. P ) 33 45 65 99

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35 111 130 135 sAra-satyapura saccapurI keTalI ? sAMcI pAvApurI 11 AyuddhAjha, adhyA ke yaudheya? adhyA yaudheya (AyuddhAjha) 12 janaMgamadvija zuM che? 117 13 dativardhana ke avaMtivardhana? 121 14 udayabhaTTa ke udayana bhaTTa? 126 15 bha. mahAvIranuM nirvANusthAna kayuM? 16 kezamuni ane kezI gaNadhara 17 mahAvIra ane buddhanI lagnavaya 18 zrIcakanA guru 14 19 vAhIkula ke vAhIkakula ? 146 20 coravADa e ja zauripura ke ? 147 21 rAjA prasenajIta ane pradezI rAjA rAjA prasenajIta pradezI rAjA 22 kanakakhala tApasa ke Azrama? . 183 23 vajabhUminuM sthAna 24 udayana vatsapati ane udAyI magadhapati 196 25 sAMcImAM dAna ApanAra koNa? 208 (mauyacaMdragupta, guptavaMzIya caMdragupta ke A prakArdava) 26 bedhisatva pAzva ane takSazilA 215 27 DokaTarazAhI ItihAsa (jI fy fy fr m` 139 161 166 178 223

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// OM | jagatpUjyazrIvijayadharmasUrIzvaragurubhyo namaH / "prAcIna bhAratavarSa "nuM si'hAvaleAkana. prathama bhAga. :: mocIna bhAratavaSa '' nAmanu DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa zAhanu pustaka vAMcatAM temAMnAM keTalAka sthaLeAmAM aitihAsika dRSTie kaika zaMkA pedA kare tevA lakhANe! mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyA, eTale te pustaka AgaLa ne AgaLa vAMcavA mana lalacAyu. '' jema jema te pustaka vAMcatA gayA tema tema temAM aitihAsika dRSTie viruddha, keTalIka binapAyAdAra ane asatya hakIkatA jANavAmAM AvI. eTale te khArIka dRSTie tapAsavAnA manasUkhA thayA. vAMcatAM vAMcatAM eka vastu mane jarUrI jaNAi kejijJAsA dRSTie temanI pAsethI ja mAre emAMnI hakIkatA saMbadhI khulAsA meLavavA. e vicAra karI meM temanI sAthe praznacarcA karI.

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(2) e praznacarcAnuM pariNAma eka itihAsavijJa tarIke Avavu joIe te na Avyu. khalke tenuM pariNAma UlaTI rIte mane peAtAne to ema jaNAyuM ke-mArI praznacarcAthI teo kaMika cheDAi gayA hoya ema lAgyuM. kadAca A dhAraNA bhUlabharelI paNa hAya parantu temaNe je rIte e carcAmAM bhAga lIdhe| ane javAe ApyA tenI je zailI che te zailIthI itihAsapremI kAI paNu vidvAn ema ja samaje. " prAcIna bhAratavarSa " tapAsyA pachI mane ema cAsa thayuM ke e pustakanI hakIkatA jo eja rUpamAM rahI jAya te prAcIna kALathI lai karI atyAra sudhInA itihAsa, zAsro, itihAsanA pramANeA ane bhaugolika nakazAo nahI e badhu ja asatya Thare. eTaluM ja bhAratavaSa" nI asatya khinAo-hakIkate satya svarUpe rahI jAya e teA ThIka paNa sAhityamAM ne ItihAsamAM bhAre anakAraka thaI paDe. tr prAcIna bIjI mahattvanI vAta mane e lAgI ke atyAra sudhI jaina itihAsakAro sAhitya ne itihAsa-kSetramAM pratiSThita ne pramANita manAtA AvyA che, jyAre " prAcIna bhAratavarSa "mAM AlekhelI hakIkatA upara kAMI paNa anveSaNa ke UhApeAha karavAmAM na Ave te mAtra " prAcIna bhAratavaSa na 8 pustaka ke mAtra DA, tribhuvanadAsa la. zAhu ja nahIM paNa bhUtakALanA ane vartamAna kALanA badhA ya jaina itihAsakArane apramANita TharAvavAnA bhaviSya kALanI prajAne ane

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( 3 ) ItihAsakArone avakAza maLe, eTale bhUtakAlIna ane vartamAnakAlIna jaina zAstro ne jaina itihAsakAronI pratiSThA jALavavAne mATe paNa A prayatna kare mane jarUrI lAge che. eTale thoDAka jarUrI muddAo zAstranA, ItihAsanA ne bhUgALanA pramANe sAthe ahIM carcA che. .: 2 : mahArAjA khAravela ane AjIvika matano saMbaMdha prAcIna bhAratavarSa" mAM cakravartI mahArAjA mAravelakaliMgapati)ne AjIvikamatanA batalAvavAmAM AvyA che. khAravela AjIvikA matAnuyAyI hate." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 29trI TI. pa3. te saMbaMdhI temane pUchI jotAM teo taiyAra thanArA temanA trIjA bhAgamAMnuM jIvanacaritra jevAnuM batAve che. sAthe sAthe pustakamAM anya sthaLe khAravelane jaina matAnuyAyI paNa jaNAve che. bIjI tarapha AjIvika matane jaina dhamanI zAkhA tarIke batAve che. tema karavAmAM teo ItihAsakALa-khAravelane samaya ane vartamAnakALane bheda paNa bhUlI jAya che. eTale AjIvika mata saMbaMdhI ke khAravelane karyo dharma hoI zake te saMbaMdhI nizcitarUpe teoe kazuM pratipAdana karyuM nathI, pramANa ApyuM nathI, samajAvyuM nathI. teo e badhAmAM muMjhAI gayA dekhAya che.

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vaLI mahArAjA khAravela amuka dharmanA na hatA mATe amuka dharmanA hatA ema kalpanA karI nirNaya bAMdhe che. vAstavamAM e aitihAsika hakIkata na kahevAya. hakIkata pAchaLa pramANe joIe. kalpanA e itihAsa nathI. AgaLa jatAM kahe che- matalaba ke, temane jaina ke AjIvikamatane game te lekhavatAM chatAM te vaidika ke bauddha nahote." jaina 19-4-36. jo AvuM ja ItihAsamAM lakhavuM hoya ke lakhAtuM hoya, ane loTane hAMDAnI kalpanA karIne ane pattharAne sonAnI kalpanA karIne ke pattharane tAMbu lekhavIe ke sonuM lekhavIe ema je lakhAtuM hoya te ItihAsa lakhavAnI ne ItihAsanuM nAma ApavAnI jarUra na hoya. game te hakIkatane game te rIte ulaTAvI nAkhavI ke game tenI hakIkta game tene nAme caDAvI devI tene ItihAsanA nAme koNa oLakhe? khAravelanI kharI hakIkata have mahArAjA khAravela saMbaMdhI kharI hakIkata zI che te tapAsIe ane tenA pramANe joIe. prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM mahArAjA khAravelane AjIvika matanA eALakhAvyA che e ApaNe upara joI gayA. te hakIkatane pUravAra karavA temaNe te vakhate pracalita dharmonuM avalaMbana lIdhuM che. paraMtu temaNe te mATe paNa kAMI

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( 5 ). aitihAsika purAvAo ApyA nathI. temaNe te prakSacarcAmAM eTaluM ja lakhyuM che ke - te samaye mukhya traNa dharmo-vaidika, bauddha ane jana -je pravartI rahyA hatA. 5 jaina 19-4-36 e traNa dhamanI hakIkata paNa binapAyAdAra ane asatya che. A lakhANamAM te temaNe eka asatyane chUpAvavA jatAM bIjuM moTuM asatya lakhI nAkhyuM. hakIkata ema che ke te vakhatanA dharmo bAbata azokanA sAtamA zAsanastaMbha parathI jaNAya che ke-te samaye mukhyatve traNa nahiM. paNa cAra dharmo pracalita hatA. bauddha, AjIvika, brAhmaNa ane nigraMtha (jaina). juo - In the business of the Sangha, too, has it been ordained by me that these (Dharma-Mahamatras) shall be employed: similarly has it been ordained by me that these shall be employed among Brahmana, and Ajivika-ascetics; among Nirgranthas, too ........ ( Asoka P. 190 By R. Mookerji ) mArA zAsanAnusAra A dharma-mahAmAtra (baddha) saMghanA kAryamAM tathA barAbara tevI ja rIte brAhmaNa ane AjIvika sAdhuomAM paNa ane vaLI nigranthomAM paNa vaparAze.

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( 6 ) uparyukta pramANathI sau koI svIkArI zakaze ke te samaye traNa dharmo nahIM paNa cAra dharmA pracalita hatA. DA. zAhe te samayamAM traNa dharmI gaNAvI svamatanuM samathana karavA mATe te samaye AjIvika matane jainadhamanI ataMta karI devAmAM paNa mATI bhUla karI che; kAraNa ke tatkAlIna samayamAM AjIvika mata ane jainadhama vacce pUrepUruM' vaimanasya hatuM ane eka khIjAnI caDatI ekabIjAthI sAMkhI zakAtI na hatI. vaLI svamaMtavyanI siddhi mATe purAvArUpe lakhe che ke" jaina sAhitya sazASaka " mAM rAjA khAravelane AjIvika matAnuyAyI jaNAvyA che. "" A purAvAnI khAmata paNa tadna asatya dekhAya che, kAraNa ke uparAkta traimAsikamAM zabdazaH tapAsa karatAM temAM uparanuM lakhANuMja maLatuM nathI. AvI rIte mAM-mAthA vagaranI vAtA karavI e eka itihAsapremI mATe ucita nathI. vaLI temanA matavyane manAvavA mATe te barAbaraguDhDhAnuM saMrakSaNa zeAdhe che, paNa te mATe mahArAjA khAravelane barAbara-guNa sAthe zuM samadha-lAgatuM vaLagatu che tenA paNa khyAla karavAmAM AvyA nathI lAgatA. kharI rIte e guphAo tA mahArAjA azAka taraphathI AjIvikAne dAna karAi che. jyAre mahArAjA mAravele

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( 7 ), te e guphAo AjIvike pAsethI paDAvI lIdhI che ane lekhamAMthI AjIvika zabda paNa bhUsAvI dIdhA che. Then came Kharvela in the 2nd-lst. Century B. C. (J. B. 0. R. S., Vol. IV, Pt. IV, 1918 P. 368. ). He naturally turned out the Ajivikas, Chiselled of their names and put in his Kalingan troops in the Barabar caves. ( Early Ins. of Bibar & Orissa. P. 137. By A. Banerji-Sastri. ) pachI I. sa. pU. 2-1 saikAmAM khAravela A . ane teNe kudaratI rIte AjIvikene kADhI mUkyA, teonA nAma bhUMsI nAkhyA ane barAbara-guphAmAM pitAnI kaliMga TukaDIone mUkI. have je khAravela mahArAjA AjIvika hota to uparakA binA kadI paNa saMbhavata kharI ? UlaTuM AthI te ema siddha thAya che ke je dalIle temaNe svamantavyanA samarthanamAM ApI che te ja dalIle temanuM ja saMpUrNa khaMDana kare che, kAraNa ke guphAonI hakIkatathI te raMma siddha thAya che ke te mahArAjA khAravela AjIvika matana vidveSI hatA. pIjI mahatvanI ne AzcaryanI vAta e banI che ke eka taraphaDe. tri. la. zAha mahArAjA khAravelane AjIvika

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( 8 ) matanA jaNAve che ane bIjI tarapha vaDhato vyAghAta: UlaTuM elatA dekhAya che. teo lakhe che ke ane bahaspatimitrane harAvI je jainamUti keTalAka varSa pUrve kaliMgamAMthI upADI javAmAM AvI hatI te mUrti pAchI, pitAnA dezamAM lete AvyuM hatuM. -prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 301 A nizcayavagarane ane asaMbaddha ullekha ItihAsanA graMthamAM paNa thaI zake che e bhAre Azcarya upajAve tevuM che. eka tarapha mahArAjA khAravelane AjIvika gaNAvavA ane bIjI taraphathI jinamUtti pAchI laI AvyAne ullekha kara-e banne vastune meLa bese nahIM. kharI vAta e che ke-mahArAjA khAravelanA dharma saMbaMdhI rogya dizAmAM thoDo paNa parizrama karavAmAM AvyuM hota to tenA dharma saMbaMdhI ghaNA ca aitihAsika AdhAro maLI zakA heta. ane khAravelane ko dharma che te nizcitarUpe bAvAI zakAyuM heta; kAraNa ke khAravelane kaye dharma hatoe siddha karavAne ItihAsamAM aneka pramANe bharyA paDyA che e pramANethI mahArAjA khAravela AjIvika matanA hatA e zaMkA paNa thavA pAmata nahI. mahArAjA khAravelane eka mULalekha ja vAMcavAmAM AvyA hatA te paNa khAralanA dharma saMbaMdhI nizcita maMtavya bAMdhI zakAta. e lekhane lAre huM bIjA pramANe sAthe TAMkIza.

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mahArAjA khAravela kayA matanA? tyAre have prazna e thAya che ke cakavartI mahArAjA khAravela kayA matanA anuyAyI hatA? uparanA pramANethI siddha thaI cUkyuM ke mahArAjA khAravela AjIvika matanA nahatA eTaluM ja nahI, paNa UlaTuM tenA vizleSI hatA. tyAre temane mata karyo hato e jANavA mATe jarA UMDA utaravuM paDaze. prAcIna ne arvAcIna itihAsakArone evo mata che ane huM paNa ema mAnuM chuM ke cakavartI mahArAjA khAravela (kaliMgAdhipati) jaina matAnuyAyI hatA. jaina dharma pratye apUrva zraddhA dharAvatA hatA. tene mATe pUrAvAo ane zilAlekho ghaNuM ya maujUda che. ItihAsa mahArAjA khAravelanI jainIyatAne pUravAra kare che. (1) mahArAjA khAravelane potAne zilAlekha. ? | namo arahuntA [i] namo sava-sidhAne [] narena iti vA, mahArAjena, mahA-meghavAhanena,...kaliMgAdhipatinA siriravArevena, paMra-vasAni...... 13 |...maagdhaanN ca vipulaM bhayaM janeto hathIsaM gaMgAya pAyayati ,] mAgadhAnaM ca rAjAnaM bahasatimitaM pAde vaMdApayati[ ] -naMdarAja-nItaM kAliMga-jinAsanaM aMga-magadhato kaliMgaM Aneti --navAhana-na[i,] caM-mAgha-pAsanaM ra ghare vaMdApayati ("Old B. Ins." by B. Barua P. 81-82. ).

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(10) (2) Dr. A. Banerji Shastri puts forward a more convincing conjecture. He fastens the mischief on Kharvela, a Jain. ( " Asoka " P. 206. by R. Mookerji ) ( 3 ) It is quite clear, we think, from the fore. going discussion that King Kharvela was a Jain from his very birth. rAjA khAravela janmathI ja jana hatuM ema spaSTa rIte pUrvanI carcA uparathI ApaNe samajI zakIe chIe. ("Old Brahmi Ins." P, 263 by. B. Barua.) ( 4 ) But Kharrela was a Jain. paNa khAravela na hate. ( " Early Ins. of Bihar and Orissa Lecture I. P. 2. by. B. Sastri) (5) isa utpAta ke samAcAra kaliMga ke jaina rAjA khAravela ko phuNcaae| ("vIra ni. saMvata" pR. 50 muni kalyANavijayajI) (6) tathA rAjA nandadvArA lejAI gaI kaliMgakI jinamUrti ko...aura gRharatnoM ko lekara pratihAroMdvArA aMgamagadhakI sampatti le aayaa| ("vI. ni. saM." pR. 51. phuTanoTa muni kalyANavijayajI)

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( 11 ) (7) The contents of the Hathigumpha and other old Brahmi inscriptions clearly prove that Jainism. was the religious faith of king Kharvela, and other excavators of the caves on the Kumari Hill. rAjA khAravela ane kumArInI TekarI uparanI guphAenA anya nirmAtAone dharma jaina dharma hato ema hAthIguphAnA lekha ane bIjA prAcIna brAhmI lekhenI hakIkatathI spaSTa rIte siddha thAya che. ("s Old Brahmi Ins. " P. 260 By B. Barua. ) (8) The Hathigumpha inscription goes to prove that Jainism had become the State religion of Ralinga even long before the reign of Kharvela. - hAthIguphAne lekha ema sAbita kare che ke khAravelanA rAjyanI agAu ghaNA vakhata pahelAM jenadharma e kaliMgane rAjya dhama thayela hatuM. (" Old B. Ins." P. 260 By B. Barua ) (9) That king Kharvela professed Jainism in com. mon with his queens, sons, brothers, relative and royal servants. One cannot mistake that somehow or other the affection and honour, of the royal family, as well as, of the people of Kalinga, became bound up with that Jain-throne. ("Old. B. Ins." P. 260 by B. Barua)

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( 12 ). (10) Kharvela, a Jain with the traditional hostility of his comunity to the Ajivikas. khAravela jaina hatuM. tene potAnI kema mAphaka AjIvike pratye paraMparAgata vaira hatuM. ("Asoka" P. 206 By R. Mookerji. ) (11) Invasion from the East ( 158 B. C.) Mahameghavaban, Kharvela, Kshemraja, a power fub Jain king of Kalinga-Capital Kalinganagari ( Bhuvaneshwar ?) tried like Asoka to establish a religious kingdom about 160 B. C. kaliMganA baLavAna jenarAjA mahAmeghavAhana, khAravela kSemarAja jenI rAjadhAnI kaliMga nagarI (bhuvanezvara?) hatI, teNe azakanI mAphaka dhArmika rAjya sthApavAne prayatna karyo hate. ("Hindu History " P. 633 Ed. 2nd. By A. K. Mazumdar.) (12) kaliMganA jenarAjA khAravelane udayagiri athavA hAthIguMphane lekha ke. pI. jayasvAla ane Ara. DI. benarajInA taMtrIpaNuM nIce sArI nakale sAthe jarnala opha dhI bIhAra ane orissA rIsarca sosAITInA trIjA pustaka-nA pRSTha 425 thI 507 mAM prasiddha thayela che. (gu. va. sosAyaTIne hindustAnane prA. ItihAsa pUrvArdha pR. ra74.)

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( 23 ) ( 13 ) And it is certain that Kharvela him-. self was a Jain. ane khAravela pAte jaina hatA e nizcita che. ( H. O. Vol. 7. P. 71. By R. D. Bannerji.) ( 14 ) " khAravela jaina thA, uDIsA kA sArA rASTra usa samaya mukhyataH jaina hI thA / " ( " bhAratIya i. rUparekhA " ji. 2. ja. vidyAlaMkAra pR. 716 ) ( 15 ) bArahaveM barasa... uttarApathake rAjAoM ko trasta kiyA... magadhoMko bhayabhIta karate hue apane hAthIyoMko sugAMgeya pahuMcAyA / mAgadha rAjA bahasatimita ( bRhaspatimitra - puSyamitra ) ko pairoM giravAyA; rAjA naMda kI le gaI huI kAliMga jinamUrti ko sthApita kiyA... aura aMga aura magadha ke dhana ko gRharatnoMke pratihAroM sahita livA liyA... seMkaDoM ghoDe hAthI ratna mAnika aura aneka motI - maNi aura ratna pANDeya rAjAse livaaye| ( " bhAratIya i. rUparekhA ji. 2. jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra . ) pR. 724 uparanA ATalA badhA pramANeAthI e puravAra thAya che ke mahArAjA khAravela jaina hatA. ItihAsamAM ATalA adhA pramANeA hovA chatAM prAcIna bhAratava" nA lekhake AvI gabhIra bhUla kema karI haze te eka kAyaDA che. AvI mahAna aitihAsika vyakti cakravartI mahArAjA khAravelane AvI asatya rIte citaravA e itihAsamAM

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( 14 ) sarvathA akSaktavya ja lekhAya. paTeja mAruM mAnavuM che ke prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM pramANapUrvaka anveSaNa bahu ja ochuM thayuM dekhAya che. manaka muninuM avasAna kyAre thayuM ? jaina zAstragranthamAM bALa munimanaka ati prasiddha vyakti che. jene upadeza ApavA mATe eka AkhA zAstranI racanA thaI hatI te paNa zAstra prasiddha che. temanuM mRtyu lagabhaga 8 thI 9 varSa thayAnuM teMdhAyuM che. jyAre "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM tene avasAnakALa bAra varSane lakhavAmAM AvyA che. temAM lakhyuM che keH jaina graMthamAM manaka nAmanA eka muni bAra varSanI umareja ( ma. saM. 76mAM I. sa. pU. 450 ) maraNa pAmyAnuM noMdhAyuM che. " prA. bhA.pu. 1, pR. 31. A bInA zAstrIya ane aitihAsika daSTie tapAsatAM asatya kare che. temanI sAthenI praznacarcAmAM teo lakhe che ke pustaka tapAsI jotAM kayAM ya uparane nirdeza maLato nathI." jina 19-4-36 "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM teo bAra varSanI umara batAve che, jyAre praznacarcAmAM bAra varSanI umarane ulekha kayAM ya jovAmAM AvyAne inakAra kare che. vAcakavaga tene artha e karI zake ke pustaka lakhAtI vakhate

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( 15 ) pustakAnA AdhArA ke granthonI tapAsa thaI nathI. grantha lakhatAM pahelAM zAsagranthA tapAsavAmAM Ave te AvI bhUle thavA na pAme. vaLI je hakIkatanA purAvArUpe manakamuninuM dRSTAMta ApyuM che te paNa binajarUrI che. bIjI vAta e maLe che ke pustakamAM temanI uMmaranI AbatamAM zaMkAsthAna najare paDatu nathI. balke UlaTuM sAlavArI atAvavApUrvaka bAra varSanI umareja ema zabda lakhAyeA che. A zabdo tA ekAnta nizcayane sUcavanArA che ane te peAtAnA chevaTanA niSNuya hAya ema vAcakavargane lAge. arthAt zAstrIya purAvA vAcakavargane asatya lAge. itihAsa lakhavAnI A zailI nathI. AvI bhrAmaka zailIthI lakhAyalA pustakA--ane te khAsa karIne itihAsanA pustaka bhaviSyamAM bhAre adhAdhuMdhI karI mUke. itihAsaracanAmAM mahuM anveSaNa, vidvAnAnA ane granthAne ciraparicaya anivArya Avazyaka thaI paDe che. manaka muni keTalI umare avasAna pAmyA ? uparanI hakIkata te badhI bhrAmaka ane asatya TharI che eTale have e nirNaya karavA rahyo ke sanaka muninuM mRtyu keTalA varSe thayu hAvu joIe. keTalAka pramANeAthI ema nizcita thaI zake che ke temanu avasAna lagabhaga 8 thI huM varSanI uMmare thayuM hatuM.

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( 16 ) manaka muninI dIkSA, mRtyu Adi bAbatanA saMbaMdhamAM da. sU. 2. tuM nIcenuM pramANa atyaMta Avazyaka thaI paDe che. (1) jadA so avariso jAo, tAhe mAyaraM pUcchaI, ko mama piyA?, sA mAk tuma piyA thayo ,........gAyeriyA ya te vAruM paNa vitA to tAro jamo jampI.....ttio paDuppaNNo so pavvaio, pacchA AyariyA uvauttA. kevai kAlaM esa jIvati ? jAva chmmaasaa|| jyAre te ATha varSa thaye tyAre teNe mAtAne pUchayuM ke mArA pitA keNa che? teNe javAba Apyo ke tArA pitAe dIkSA lIdhI che ..... ane AcAryAvasthAmAM caMpAnagarImAM vicare che. te bALaka caMpAnagarImAM gayo. teNe ....... pravajyA grahaNa karI. pachI AcAce jJAnane upacoga Apyo ke te keTalo kALa jIvaze ! tyAre temane jaNAyuM ke te bALaka cha mAsa sudhI jIvaze. (vA . dhU. -.) uparanA dazavaikAlikanA kathanathI siddha thAya che ke lagabhaga 8 thI 9 varSanI umare temanuM mRtyu thayuM hovuM joIe, kAraNa ke ATha varSanI umare potAnA pitA AcArya pAse caMpAnagarImAM go tathA temane cha mAsa sudhI jIvaze ema jaNAyuM. eTale lagabhaga AThathI nava varSa gaNavA joIe.

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(17 ) (2) paririAka parva, sa 6, pR. 212, 114, 266, 226 cho. 16 thI 18 muvI. (3) vaivA0i% (mImasiMhuM mALa)sUtra pU. 22, 62, 64, 661, 26, 27 vigeremAM dIkSA, mRtyu Adi viSayamAM spaSTa ane vistArathI vRttAnta ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te uparAMta bIjA paNa keTalAka zAsagranthomAMnA spaSTa ullekhathI temanI dIkSA, mRtyu-saMbaMdhamAM sAre prakAza paDe che. temanA mAtA-pitA keNa hatA? manaka nAma kema paDayuM? pitAnI dIkSA vakhate teo garbhamAM hatA e vigere badhuM temanuM caritra bahu ochA parizrame jANavA maLe che. A badhI hakIkatethI ema jaNAya che ke manaka suninuM mRtyu bAra varSanI umare nahI paNa lagabhaga 8 thI 9 varSanI umare thayuM hatuM ema pratIta thAya che. chatAM AvA prasiddha bAlamuninI mRtyuvaya bAbata AvI rIte zA mATe ane kevI rIte lakhAyuM haze te kalpI zakAtuM nathI. temaNe je sAlavArI batAvI che tethI eTaluM te samajI zakAya ke keI grantha temaNe vAMcyuM haze, chatAM pustakamAM tenuM pramANa ApyuM nathI. eTale te grantha karyo haze athavA jena grantha tarIke pramANabhUta haze ke kema te zaMkA upajAve che. pramANabhUta prasiddha granthathI te temanI mRtyuvaya prAyaH 8 thI 9 varSanI nirdiSTa thAya che.

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* vaiyAkaraNa zazikAra varase che te A (18) : 4 : zAktAyana ke zAkaTAyana ? mahAvaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana e vyAkaraNakAra tarIke jagaprasiddha che. vyAkaraNane sAmAnya abhyAsI ke vidyAthI paNa e sahelAIthI samajI zake evuM che, kAraNa ke pANininA vyAkaraNamAM ene keTaleka sthaLe ullekha Ave che. ethI tenuM nAma ane tene kALa paNa anumAnathI samajI zakAya. vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana ane pANininA vyAkaraNa upara vAstika racanAra yAttikakAra varaci (kAtyAyana) saMbaMdhI "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM ullekha che te A pramANe che. zAktAyana nAme je vaiyAkaraNa thayo manAya che ane jenA AdhAra pataMjalie lIdhA che te ane A puruSa eka ja haze ke? athavA zAktAyana ane kAtyAyana apabhraMza te nahIM hoya ke? prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 3pa6 TI. avvalamAM te zAtAyana e nAmaja asatya che. emanuM kharuM nAma zAkaTAya che. saMskRta sAhityanuM tatsaMbaMdhI keI paNa pustaka vAMcatAM te samajI zakAya evuM che; te pachI zAtAyana nAma zAthI lakhAyuM haze? vicAra karatAM mane lAge che ke aMgrejI pustakonA AdhAre lakhavAmAM te deSa tha saMbhavita che, kAraNa ke aMgrejImAM zATAyana ane zAtAyana banne eka rIte ja

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(19) eka ja akSaramAM lakhI zakAya che. kharI rIte bhAratIya sAhityanA anveSaNamAM bhAratIya sAdhanene paNa bane tyAM sudhI vizeSa prakAre upayoga thavo Avazyaka che. bhAratIya sAhityane paNa upaga karyo heta te AvI bhUla thavA na pAmata. zAkaTAyana thaye manAya che. A zabdothI ema paNa vicAra karavAne avakAza rahe. che ke-zATAyana nAmanI vyakti havA na hovA vize temane saMdeha hoya. eka tarapha pataMjalinA AdhArane svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che, bIjI taraphathI temanI hasti viSe saMzayAtmaka zabdo lakhavAmAM Ave che. keTaleka sthaLoe jyAM saMzayAtmaka zabda mUkavAnI jarUra rahe che tyAM nizcayAtmaka zabda vAparelA jaNAya che. e deSa bhASAne gaNa ke ItihAsakAranA jJAna-ajJAnane gaNo e kahI zakAtuM nathI. khera, e game tema hoya paNa zAkaTAyana eka jabarajasta vyAkaraNakAra ane pANininA pahelA ghaNA varSa pUrve thaI gayA che e nirvivAda satya che. temAM zaMkAne jarA paNa sthAna nathI. te Eternal truth che. pANininA aSTAdhyAyI vyAkaraNanA sUtro ane TIkAthI e sarvasAdhAraNuM satya ApaNane samajAya che. (6) vyAdhuprayatnata2: zAvAyanaca" 8-2-18 "siddhAntamudI'' pR. 37

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( 20 ) ( 2 ) 09: rAjyAyanasya / 3-9-? ? ? si. au. pR. 329 ( 1 ) zAjyAyana: pu0 rAjyAtyuM / vyAvaLavAra munimayai / zabdastomamahAnidhiH pR. 399 ( 4 ) rAjyAyana rAjyasthApatye pu na: te nAmanA eka vyAkaraNa karanAra muni. 8 rAtruvintAma.i'' pR. 1243. ( 5 ) indrazcandraH kAzakRtsnApizilizAkaTAyanAH / kavikalpadruma A badhA purAvAothI siddha thAya che ke--zAkaTAyana e pANini pahelAM mahAsamartha vyAkaraNakAra thaI gayA che. pANinie paNa temanA AdhAra lIdhA che; ane zAkaTAyana peAtAnI pahelAM thaI gayAnI pAtAnA mahAn granthamAM temaNe sAkSI ApI che. : 5 zAkaDhAyana ane kAtyAyananA bheda vyAkaraNakAra zAkaTAyana viSe upara ApaNe joI gayA ke te pANininI pahelAM ghaNA varSo agAu thaI gayA che. have kAtyAyana maharSinI vAta vicArIe. vacikAtyAyana tA pANininI pachI thayA che. ane temaNe pANininA aSTAdhyAyI vyAkaraNa upara vArttika racyu che. tathA pata jalimaharSi e vaLI pANininA aSTAdhyAyI upara bhASyanI racanA karI che. arthAt zAkaDhAyana pANini pahelAM, kAtyAyana

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( 21 ) pANininI pachI ane pataMjali kAtyAyananI pachI ema anukama Ave che, chatAM "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM zAkaTAyana ane kAtyAyanane eka bIjAnA apabhraMza mAnavAnI kalpanA karAI che. ane te sAhitya ane ItihAsanI dRSTie gaMbhIramAM gaMbhIra bhUla athavA asatya AlekhAyuM che. - vaLI jyAre pANini pite zAkaTAyanane AdhAra Take che ane te AdhAra vidvAne savIkAre che ane chatAM lekhaka zAkaTAyananA astitva viSe zaMkA dharAvI zAkaTAyana ane kAtyAyana eka bIjAne apabhraMza havAnI kalpanA kare che. ane zAkaTAyananA AdhAra pataMjalie TAMkyA che ema lakhe che tyAre vAcakavargane saheje ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa maLe ke pANinie zAkaTAyananA AdhAra TAMkyA che tenI te lekhakane khabara ja nahIM hoya. kharI rIte vyAkaraNukAra zAkaTAyana ane vArikakAra kAtyAyana ane bhinna samayanI bhinna vyaktio che. tevI ja rIte pataMjali ane kAtyAyana paNa bhinnajudI vyaktio che. prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM bhAga trIjA pR. 227 mAM kAtyAyana ane pataMjaline kAtyAyana getranA hevAnI zaMkA uThAvI te bannene eka ja vyakti hovAne lekamAM saMzaya pedA karI devAne upAya ja che; jyAre "kemudI kAra kahe che ke -munizthe namaskRtya munitrayathI temaNe

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(22) pANini, kAtyAyana ane pataMjali traNa gaNAvyA che eTale kAtyAyana ane pataMjali ane bhinna siddha thAya che, chatAM prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM eka hevAnI kalpanA karAI che. paNa ItihAsanI dRSTie te kuTilatA ane dhRSTatA kahevAya. kharI hakIkata e che ke-zAkaTAyana, kAtyAyana ane pataMjali e traNe vyaktio bhinna che ane e traNene samaya paNa bhinna che. A bAbatamAM temanI sAthe praznacarcAmAM temaNe jude ja kaMIka javAba Apyo che. temaNe e hakIkatane kSantavya gaNI levA jaNAvyuM che paraMtu mAre e spaSTa karavuM joIe keAvI bAbata kAMI gharagharanI bhUla nathI ke temAM kSantavya gaNI levA jevuM hoya. athavA keIne phaktavya gaNI levAnuM kahevA jevuM heya. huM mAnI lauM ethI kAMI ItihAsanI hakIkatamAM pheraphAra thavAnuM nathI. huM mAnI lauM ke bhagavAna mahAvIra thayA nathI ethI bhagavAna mahAvIra maTI javAnA nathI; paraMtu hakIkatone jyAM jyAM ulaTAvIe chIe ke vikRta karIe chIe tyAM tyAM sAhityamAM, ItihAsamAM ane bhaviSyakALanI prajAnImAnyatAomAM bhAre anartha thaI paDe che ane ItihAsakAre apramANika manAya che. zAkaTAyana ane kAtyAyana te jagaprasiddha vyaktio che. game te saMskRta vyAkaraNanA vidyAthIthI laI karI pAraMgata sAhityakAra sudhI badhA vidvAna ane zikSita janasamUhane

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( 23 ) mATo bhAga e e vyaktionA nAmathI paricita hAya ane tenA bheda samajI zake che. AvI jAhera hakIkatAmAM paNa AvI gaMbhIra bhUla thavA pAme ke karavAmAM Ave te| zrIjI nAnI mATI ane sAmAnya janatAthI ajJAta AkhatA ane hakIkatA e pustakamAM keTale aze satya haze te khamatamAM vAcakagane zaMkA thayA vagara rahI zake ja nahIM. pariNAme lAkAne AkhA grantha apramANita mAnavAnuM kAraNa maLe. e teA ThIka paNa jaina vidvAno, itihAsakAra ane sAhityakArone leAkeAmAM apratiSThita kahevarAvavAnu pAtaka vhAravuM paDe; mATe itihAsanI hakIkatA pUrA anveSaNapUrvaka thavI joie ema mAruM namra matavya che. : 6 : vaiyAkaraNI pANininA dharma kayA ? pANini prAcIna bhAratavarSa ' mAM zakaDALa maMtrI, ane cANakaya Adine jaina manAvavAneA prayAsa thayA che, paNa hakIkata jotAM e badhAja jaina hAya ema lAgatu nathI. vaLI pANini ane cANakaya tA jaina na cAya evA purAvAo upalabdha thAya che, chatAM uparyukta pustakamAM temane jaina TharAvavAnA zA AdhAre prayAsa thayA haze te vicAraNIya che, mUjhavaNu te tyAM UbhI thAya che ke teo kalpanAo kare che paNa sAthe sAthe kaze| AdhAra ApatA nathI, eTale nirAdhAra ane nimULa kalpanA khUba bhrama phelAvI mUke che. temAM ema lakhyu che ke--

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( 14 ) ..matalakha ke, te kALe brAhmaNa nAma te, mAtra brAhmaNu mAta-pitAne peTe janmavA pUratuM lekhAtuM hatuM. paNa kAMI ema niyama na hatA; ke teoe hAlanI mAphaka dika mata ja pALavA joie, tethI ja ApaNe joizu ke, zaDALa matrI, pANini, cANakaya Adi janmathI brAhmaNa hatA, chatAM jainadharmI ja hatAH eTale ke janmane ane dharmane kAMI sabadha nahAtA. .... prA, bhA. pu. 1, pR. 253, have ahI lakhavAnuM e rahe che ke brAhmaNa nAma mAtapitAne peTe janmavA pUratuM ja lekhAtu e niyama temAM kayAMthI zodhI kADhavAmAM AvyA che? koi zruti, smRti ke purANamAM cA jaina granthAmAM AvA niyama haiAtrAne ullekha maLe che kharA ke ? jo AvA niyama ullikhita na maLatA hAyatA prAcIna bhAratavaSa 'nA lekhaka AvA saceATa niyama karavAnu` sAhasa karI zakayA che e khedajanaka che. : bIjI vAta temanA kathana pramANe jema brAhmaNakuLamAM janmI vaizvika mata ja pALavA joie ema niyama na hatA. tema evA paNa kayAM niyama hatA ke game te kuLamAM janmI jainadhama ja pALavA joIe? pachI zA AdhAre temane jaina gaNavAnI kalpanA karI che? ane e kalpanAne AdhAre ja jo temaNe pANini vigerene jaina gaNAvyA hAya tA tenA jevuM hAMsIpAtra kathana itihAsamAM bIjI bhAgye ja maLI zake, pANininAM badhAya granthA sAkSI pUre che ke te jaina na hatA. granthakArAnA lagabhaga evA niyama hoya che ke teo

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( 5 ) granthanI racanA karatI vakhate zarUAtamAM svadharmanA praNetAne praNAma kare che. pANininA kayA granthamAM temaNe ahaMtane namaskAra karAyA hoya ema vAMcyuM che? kalapanA paNa kaMIka sAdhAra ne saMgata lakhAya che te vAstavika gaNAya. vaLI teo mAtra kalpanA karIne ja nathI besI rahyA. temaNe to "jainadharmI ja hatA " ema lakhIne potAne aMtima nirNaca jagatane ApI dIdhuM che. A nizcayavAcaka zabdaprayoga te e ja sUcave che ke temaNe jANe badhA pramANe meLavIne siddha karI nAkhyuM hoya ke pANini jene ja hatAparaMtu pramANa eke nathI ApyuM. bIjI tarapha tenA trIjA bhAgamAM vaLI kAMIka UlaTuM ja lakhAyuM che. temAM lakhyuM che ke mAtra cANakayajIne ja meM jainamatAnuyAyI mAnyA che. pANininA dharma vize mArA jANavAmAM adyApi paryanta kAMI ApyuM ja nathI; prA. bhA. 5. 3, pR. 226. eka tarapha lakhe che "jaina dhamI ja" hatA; bIjI tarapha lakhe che "temanA vize mArA jANavAmAM ja kAMI AvyuM nathI" A asaMbaddha pralApa jevuM nathI lAgatuM ? prathama bhAgamAM pANininA dharma saMbaMdhI lakhavAmAM bhUla thaI che e samajavA chatAM, ane saMgatiSathI e bhUla thaI che ema praznacarcAmAM mAnavA chatAM, trIjA bhAgamAM samAlocaka upara duSArepaNu karavAnI vRtti cheka ja tiraskaraNaya kahevAya.

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( 16 ) temanI sAthe A bAbata praznacarcA thatAM teo ema lakhe che ke - pANininA dharma mATe purAvo maLatuM nathI, ane meLavavA. prayAsa paNa sevya nathI. jyAre eka vastune meLavavAne prayAsa ja thayuM nathI pachI vastu maLe zI rIte ? paraMtu AthI phalita te e thAya che ke temaNe kazA purAvA vagara, AdhAra vagara kevaLa managhaDaMta kalpanAmAtrathI pANinine jenadhama ThekI besAryA che. prA. bhA. nA bIjA bhAganA pR. 177 mAM te lakhe cheH pANini anAya che." temane teo brAhmaNa kuLamAM janmavA chatAM Arya paNa mAnatA nathI, paNa tenI carcA huM atre nahIM karuM. teo "cANakayane paNa na gaNAve che. " paNa zAstrakAre ema kahe che ke cANakya jaina na hatA. " usa nandIsUtrameM koDilliya (koTilIya )kI ginatI mithyA zAstromeM kI hai| mAratIya . sUparevI niM. 2, 5, 62.. eTale ke jenonuM Agama nandIsUtra ja arthazAstranA kartA kauTilyane anya matanA lekhave che. ane tene pramANita mAnI bIjA ItihAsakAre paNa tene jena nathI mAnatA..

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( 27 ) pramANeAne asatya mAnI zake che ? prA. bhA. nA karyAM ke pAtAnI kalpanAne ja satya mAne che ? A : 7 : pANininI janmabhUmi kayAM AvI ? vyAkaraNakAra pANininI janmabhUminA viSayamAM 'prAcIna bhAratavarSa" mAM carcA karavAmAM AvI che. ane tenI janmabhUmi tarIke gAnAra deza jaNAvyeA che. 1. jyAM kAbUla nadI sindhu nadImAM maLe che te pradezane gAnAra kahetA, ane pANininI janmabhUmi tyAM ja che. prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 356. ra. tenI (pANininI) janmabhUmi sindhu nadInI pazcime Avela gAnA dezamAM hatI. 3. prA. lA. pu. 1, pR. 357. ...eTale have niHzaMkapaNe sAbita thai gayu ke, pANininI janmabhUmi hiMdanA vAyavya khUNe sindhu nadInI pazcime lagAlaga Avela gAnA dezamAM hatI. ....eTale ApaNe tene tema ja te sa( cANakaya-kAtyAyana ) hAla teA gAnA dezanA vatanI ja lekhIzuM'. prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 358. aitihAsika vyaktinI janmabhUminI zodhakheALa karavI e itihAsanI dRSTie ati mahattvanI vastu che. pANininI

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( 2 ) janmabhUmi viSe tenA dezanuM nAma prAcIna bhAratavaSa 'mAM gAnA batAvyu che. jyAre bhUMgALamAM, nakazAomAM ke itihAsamAM geAnA kAi deza hoya evuM vAMcavAmAM Avatu nathI. bhAratabhUmimAM evA kAI sthAnanA nirdeza ja nathI. pachI gAnA AvyuM. kayAMthI ? e sheje prazna upasthita thAya, parantu AgaLa jema zAkaTAyana ane zAkatAyanamAM manavA pAmyu che tema ahIM paNa aMgrejI pustakane AdhAre geAnA zabda vaheMcAyA haiAya ema lAge che. kharA deza gAna che. bhAratIya hindI ke saskRta sAhityanA gheADA paNa pustakAnA AdhAra lIdhA hAta te AvI bhUla thavA pAmata nahIM. gAna keAnI janmabhUmi ? gAna dezane pANininI janmabhUmi tarIke 'prAcIna bhAratavaSa 'mAM atAvavAmAM AvyA che, paNa te tadna asaMgata ane avAstavika che. gAna deza pANininI janmabhUmi nahIM paNa pataMjalinI janmabhUmi che. jue pramANe. ( 1) Gonarda was the birth-place of the celebrated Patanjali the greatest literary genius of the period. geAna, te suvikhyAta pataMjalinI janmabhUmi che. samayanA sAhityanA mahAna vidvAn 61 Poli. His. of Anc. India " By Rajchaudhari Edi. III, P. 278.

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(RE) (2) pUrve ullikhita hoiA che. gonardIya pataJjali nAmAntara baMgalA pANini pR. 122. ( 2 ) gonIce; pattahi; / ami. viztA. mA. hai, pR. 340. ( 4 ) gonIya: pu gonanuM tatsamIpe pheze mava: patamuinau. zabdastoma 0 pR. 147. J. (5) gonardIya pu0 gonarde deze bhavaH... chaH, pataJjalimunau hemaca. / tasya gonardadezodbhavakathA bRhatkathAyAM dRzyA / ( vAcaspatya vo. 4, pR. 2706) ( 6 ) gonIya; tAttvi: || 117 || 15nu joza: pR. 83, Vol. I uparanA sava pramANeAthI e siddha thAya che ke gAna deza e pANininI janmabhUmi nathI paNa maharSi pataMjalinI janmabhUmi che. pANininI janmabhUmi kai ? tyAre mULa vastu jene mATe A carcA thai, te pANininI janmabhUmi kaI ? nizcaya tA pANininI janmabhUminA karavAnA che. itihAsa kahe che; pANininI janmabhUmi gAna nahIM paNa pazcima gAndhAramAM che. e mantavyane samana karavA mATe itihAsanA je pramANeA che temAMnAM keTalAka Avazyaka lAgavAthI ahIM TAMkayA che: --

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(3 ) (1) pUrva nanda yuga meM vyAkaraNa ke suprasiddha AcArya pANini muni pazcimI gAndhAra meM prakaTa hue| puSkarAvatI prAnta meM suvAstu ( svAta ) nadI ke kAMThe meM zAlAturanAmI sthAna pANini kI janmabhUmi thaa| ___ bhA. i. rUparekhA ji. 1, pR. 415. (2) pANini sindhapAra pazcima gAndhAra Adhunika (yUsuphajaI) pradeza ke rahanevAle the| . bhA. i. rUparekhA ji. 1, pR. 413-14. (3) zAlAturIya: (zAlAture bhava: cha:) pu0 yaH pANini muni. za. ciM. pR. 1248. ( 4 ) zAlAturIyo dAkSeyaH, zAlaMkiH pANinAhikau / ___ kalpadrukozaH pR. 83. (5) zAlAturIyaH pu0 zAlAture bhavaH / tadgrAmavAsini pANinimunau / zabdastoma0 pR. 397. uparanA pramANethI siddha thAya che ke pazcima gAndhAra dezamAM AvelA puSkarAvatI prAntanA zAlAtura gAmamAM AcArya pANininI janmabhUmi che je gAma suvAstu-svAta nadInA kAMThA upara che.

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(31 ) genaI deza kyAM Avyo? have sAthe sAthe e paNa jijJAsA thAya ke te genaI deza kayAM Avyo che? tene mATe pramANu zuM ? DaoN. silvana levI pitAnA lekhamAM lakhe che ke - (1) Here however, I shall only occupy myself with the intermidiate step between Ujjeni and Vedisa, two perfectly definite Localities; the one is still now Ujjain ( Ogein ), to the North of Indore, the other is Besnagar, very near Bhilsa, ............ The Parayan places the city of Gonaddha between these two points............... The equivalence Gonard=Gonaddha is certain. The name of Gonard is indissolutly connected with the memory of Patanjali="the Gonardian" Gonardiya. huM saMpUrNa rIte spaSTa AvelA ujajenI ane vidizA e be vaccenA sthAnane hAtha dharIza ane bIjuM bhilasA pAse besanagara che. pArAyaNa e be binduo vacce genadane mUke che . gena e genadanuM samAnArthaka che. ane te nAma pataMjalinI yAdadAsta sAthe chUTuM na paDI zake tevI rIte joDAyeluM che. Journal of A. H. R. Society Vol IX, Part 3rd, P. 1-2, Jan. 1988. : (2) Gonard a town situated between Ujjaini and Vidisa or Bhilsa (Sutta Nipat: Vathugatha.)

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( 32 ) gAna e ujjayinI ane vidizA athavA lissAnI vacce AveluM zahera che. Geo, Dec. of Anc.... India' By N. De. P. 71. ( 3 ) pAMcavIM zatAbdI I. pU. ke vauddha grantha suttanipAta meM dakkhiNa se tirahuta-- magaha jAne kA jo rAstA diyA hai vaha godAvarI taTa ke peThana se mAhiSmatI, ujjaina, gonarda aura vidizA hai| kara kozAmbI pahuMcatA thA / bhArata ...... nivAsI 4. 74, 75 By jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ( 4 ) ujjaina aura vidizA ke bIca gonarda kA nAma hai jisakI jagaha abhI ThIka nizcita nahIM huI; isI kAraNa ujjaina se hI rAstA pUrava phiratA thA yA kucha aura uttara jAkara, seA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / bhA. aura nivAsI. pU. 102 phUTa. ( 5 ) ( Gonard, Bhilsa, Kaushambi, and Saket ) on the route from Paithan to Sravasti." By C., A. G. I., P. 726 Edi. II. gAna dezane genaddha paNa kahe che, paraMtu gAnA tA kAM ca sAMbhaLavA ke vAMcavAmAM AvyuM nathI. Ama patajalinI janmabhUminI zeAdhakheALanA mahattvanA viSaya pAchaLa pAzcAtya ane bhAratIya vidvAnAe khUba

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( 33 ). anveSaNa karyuM che. te bAbata "prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lekhaka zrIyuta Do. zAhanI sAthe praznacarcA karatAM teoe A praznane nirarthaka je jaNAvyuM che e eka zocanIya bAbata che. vaLI ema paNa jaNAve che ke pRSTha 358 upara gonanI sAbitI karI ApI che, paraMtu te te bIlakula asatya maMtavya che. ane e ja pRSThanI hakIkata mATe ATaluM badhuM lakhANa ane purAvAo ApavA paDyA te vAtane e sAbitI tarIke svIkAre che. AthI vadhAre AgrahazIlatA kaI hoI zake? na deza je pANininI janmabhUmi heta, te tene mATe praznacarcAne avakAza ja hatA nahIM, paNa e taddana asatya binA lAgI mATe ja prakSacarcAmAM utaravuM paDayuM. pachI tene mATe DhAMkapIcheDA zA mATe karavA paDe che? caMpA jUnI ane navI caMpA e pUrva dizAmAM gaMgA nadIne kinAre AvelI ane kuNike sthApelI atyAra sudhI cAlI AvI che. jUnI caMpAnagarIne kazAmbInA rAjA zatAnIke bhAMgI nAkhI hatI ane te ja sthaLe kUNike navI caMpA vasAvI hatI. A caMpApurI bhagavAna zrI vAsupUjya svAmInI mokSabhUmi paNa hatI. prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lekhaka A hakIkatathI judA paDe che ane zrI vAsupUjya bhagavAnanI mokSabhUmi tathA kRSike vasA

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( 34 ) velI ca'pA bannene tee dakSiNa dizAmAM (rUpanAthanA R. E.) khaDaka lekha pAsenA sthaLane ca'pAnagarI tarIke mAne che. capA ane gaMgAnA sabaMdha temanA mata pramANe nUtana yukti samAna lAge che. temAM capAnagarI viSe ullekha cheH - " zrI vAsupUjaya tIrthaMkaranI mAkSami caMpAnagarI (rUpanAthanA . E ) samIpanu' ja sthaLa che. (prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 77 TI.) "A asalanI caMpAnagarI te te aMgadezamAM AvI < che, ke je bhAgamAM hAlamAM jabalapura, satanA vigere zaherA AvyAM che, A saMbaMdhI vizeSa hakIkata mATe aMga"dezanA vaNunA jue. atre teA eTaluM ja kahevuM jarUrI " che ke, mULa je nagarI caMpA hatI tenA te I. sa. pU. 557 mAM HH nAza thaye hatA. ( hAla agALA ilAkAnA bhAgalapura jIllAmAM AvI rahI che te judI che ). pachI rAjA kUNike gAdIe AvIne trIjA varSe tene samarAvIne tyAM pAtAnI gAdI sthApI hatI. (I. sa. pU. para5) eTale "prAcIna ane arvAcIna caMpAnagarInA sthAnane huM kAMi saMbaMdha nathI. " 66 << HH ( prA. lA. pu. 1, pR. 114 TI. 33) " arvAcIna itihAsakArAe hAlanA maMgALA ilAkAmAM " jyAM bhAgalapura jIllAvALA bhAga Avela che tyAMnA pradezane aMgadeza hAvAnu TharAvI dIdhuM che. A pramANe koi prAcIna granthamAM varNana karAyu hoya (6

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( 35 ) para "ema AdhAra batAvAtA nathI. eTale zA AdhAre tema "TharAvI dIdhuM haze tenA uttara ApavA kaThana che, paNa manavA" joga che ke, te sthaLe eka ca'pApurI karIne eka zahera che " eTale je pradezanI rAjadhAnI ca'pApurI hatI ane jyAM ' A caMpApurI AvI che te pradezanuM nAma paNa aMga deza ja 'pADavu joIe, Ama TharAvI dIdhu haze. paNa A vAta " bhUlI javAya che ke, rAjA kUNike je caMpAnagarI vasAvI " che te teA, peAtAnA rAjya-amalanA ceAthA varasei. sa. pU. " para4 mAM UbhI thai che. jyAre aMga dezanI rAjadhAnI " caMpApurI hatI te tA yuga yugajUnI che. ane tenA nAza " karI khaDicera jevI sthitimAM prakAzAmbIpati rAjA zatAnIke " i. sa. pU. papa6 mAM ANI mUkI hatI. matalaba ke anne caMpA"purInA jema sthaLe. paNa judA che tema temanA astitvane samaya paNa niranirALA ja che. pachI ekanuM gaurava " mIjInA nAme zI rIte caDAvI devAya ? (prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 139.) "rAjA kRNike vasAvelI cAMpAne jo agALamAM Avela ca'pApurI gaNavAmAM Ave te tene tadna navesarathI ja UbhI karavAmAM AvI ema kahevuM paDe; paNu asalanI capApurI ke jene rAjA zatAnIke lUTI lIdhI hatI tene, samarAvIne karIne tenA punaruddhAra ja rAjA kRNike karyAM hatA ema mAnavuM hAya tA, tene mahAkAzaLa pradezamAM Avela gaNI zakAya. '' (prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 139)

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( 36 ) "rUpanAtha ane bhArahata stUpanI jagyAnI vacce kaI moTI nagarI hevAnuM anumAna purAtatva zodhakhaLakhAtu je jaNAve che te A kUNika samrATanI caMpAnagarI ja hatI. (prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 364.) tene rAjA dadhivAhana nivaza maraNa pAme che ema tenA sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyuM ke turata ja pitAnI zakti pheravI te aMgadezanuM rAjya teNe magadhamAM bheLavI lIdhuM hatuM. tyArathI te aMgadeza, magadha sAmrAjyane eka bhAga thaI javAthI, rAjA zreNikanA maraNa bAda tene putra kRNika. gAdIe AvyuM. tyAre teNe A caMpAnagarIne rAjadhAnI banAvI hatI. alabatta teNe rAjapATa banAvyuM tyAre te bhagnAvasthAmAM hovAthI tenA keTalAka bhAgane samarAvI karIne jIrNoddhAra karavo paDyo hate." (prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 374.) caMpAnagarI saMbaMdhI avataraNe ane vAkyaracanA atyanta bhrAmaka ne paraspara virodhI dekhAya che, ane sAmAnya janatAne bhramamAM nAkhavA mATe ja jANe na lakhAyuM heya tema saheje dekhAI Ave che. khera, e game tema hoya paNa tene samagra vAcanathI e phalita thAya che ke asalanI caMpAnagarI ke navI caMpAnagarI pUrva dizAmAM baMgALamAM AvelI gaMgA nadIne kinAre nahIM paNa dakSiNa dizAmAM madhyabhAratamAM rUpanAtha R. P. khaDaka lekha pAse hatI ema batAvavAmAM AvyuM che, je avAstavika ne ItihAsaviruddha che;

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( 37 ) kAraNu ke caMpAnagarI pUrvamAM AvelA aMgadezanI rAjadhAnI che, ane aMgadeza pUrvImAM AMgALamAM Avela che e itihAsaprasiddha che. paraMtu prasiddha aMgadeza ane madhyabhAratane cAkhA virAdha dekhAI Ave che eTale AkhA aMgadezane kalpanAthI uThAvIne dakSiNadizAmAM madhyabhAratamAM rUpanAthanA khaDaka lekha pAse batAvI dIdhA che, e pRSTha 46 nA nakazA uparathI joI zakAya che. jyAre AkhA aMgadezane uThAvI madhyabhAratamAM mUkA tyAre pUrvamAM AvelI itihAsaprasiddha ca'pAne nakAmI ane anyathA siddha batAvI dIdhI. khIjI khAkhata e che ke pR-114 upara maMgALanI caMpAne judI khatAvI, mULa ca'pAnagarI( temaNe mAnelI )nA i. sa. pU. 557 mAM nAza thaye matAve che ane kUki rAjAe gAdIe AvI trIjA varSe te capAne samarAvI tyAM i. sa. pU. para5 mAM gAdI sthApI ema lakhe che. tevuM ja virodhI lakhANu 139 pR. upara ema dekhAya che ke jUnI caMpAnA i. sa. pU. 556 mAM nAza karyAM hatA ane kUNike ceAthA varSoMmAM navI caMpA sthApI. e rIte te bannenAM sthAna ane samaya niranirALA ja batAve che. AmAM temanI gaNAvelI sAlavArI, sthApanAnA va ane ca'pApurInA sthAnamAM paraspara virodha dekhAya che. tenA temAM sheja khacAva karyo che kharo paNa te nirarthaka che.

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( 38 ). trIje paraspara virodha e dekhAya che kepRSTha 139 upara rAjA zatAnIke bhagna karelI caMpAne punaruddhAra karyo hato ema mAnavuM hoya to..." ema zaMkAmaya ke anizcita valaNa dAkhave che. jyAre pR4-374 upara tene nizcitarUpe batAvatAM ema lakhe che ke "alabatta, teNe rAjapATa banAvyuM tyAre te bhagnAvasthAmAM hovAthI tenA keTalAka bhAgane samarAvI jIrNoddhAra karavuM paDe hate." Ama pitAnA pustakamAM AgaLa pAchaLa zuM lakhAyuM che tenuM potAne ja avadhAraNa rahyuM nathI. bIju "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM caMpAnagarInuM jyAM jyAM varNana AvyuM che tyAM tyAM gaMgA nadIne kayAMI paNa ullekha Avyo dekhAto nathI; jyAre prAcIna ne arvAcIna zAstra ne ItihAsamAM jyAM jyAM caMpAne ullekha che tyAM tyAM gaMgA nadIne paNa sAthe ja ullekha che. eTale te uparathI te ema lAge che ke gaMgA nadInA kinArA vagara jUnI ke navI keI caMpAne saMbhava ja dekhAtuM nathI. tyAre "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" nA lekhaka kayA pramANathI caMpAne ane aMgadezane dakSiNa dizAmAM laI gayA haze? temaNe rUpanAthanA khaDaka lekhanI pAse eka keI nagarI hAvAnA purAtattva zodhakhoLanA anumAna mAtrathI tyAM caMpAnagarI kalpanAthI mAnI lIdhI lAge che.

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( 39 ) paraMtu vicAravAnI vAta e che ke zoSakhALakhAtAnu tA kAI nagarI hAvAnu anumAna che; nahIM ke capAnagarI hAvAnu anumAna che. vaLI eka nagarI hAvAnuM anumAna che; nahI' ke agadeza tyAM hovAnuM anumAna che. AvI rIte kAInA eka sAmAnya anumAna upara AkhA ne AkhA dezane mAnI laI itihAsane ulaTA nAkhavAnA phAMphA mAravA ane pustakA lakhI nAkhavA ane janatAmAM vibhrama pedA karavA ene jJAnanA kayA bheda kahevA ? temaNe madhyabhArata-dakSiNa dizAmAM caMpAnagarI sthApita karI, nagarI pAchaLa aMgadezane pUrvamAMthI uThAvI dakSiNamAM lai AvyA, te pachI gaMgA nadIne pUrva mAMthI dakSiNamAM uThAvI lAvavAmAM zA mATe sakAca thayA ? ke pachI gaMgA te vartamAna kALamAM paNa e ja rIte vidyamAna che eTale tene madhyabhAratamAM lai AvatAM tatkALa ughADA paDI javAnA bhaya lAgyA haze ? pUrvAparanA itihAsathI te ema dekhAya che ke ca'pAnagarInAM sthAna khAkhatanI 'prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'nI lagabhaga adhI hakIkata pAyAvagaranI, pramANavagaranI, zAstra ane itihAsaviruddha che. jaina zAstrI, itihAsakArA ne pramANabhUta pustaka ane vidvAnA capAnagarI viSe je myAna-varNana-hakIkata rajU kare che te evI che keH caMpAnagarI e pRmAM AvelA aMgadezanI rAja

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( 40 ) dhAnI che, jAnI caMpAne sthAne ja navI caMpA vasAvelI che ane gaMgA nadInA kinArA upara che. have ApaNe tenA pramANe joIe. (1) taeNaM se kUNie kumAre eeNaM mahayA, maNomANasieNaM duHkheNaM abhibhUe samANe annayA kayAI anteurapariyAlasaMparikhuDe sabhaNDamattovagaraNamAyAe rAyagihAo paDinikkhamai, jeNeva campAnayarI, teNeva uvAgacchai, tattha vi NaM viulabhogasamiisamannAgae kAleNaM appasoe jAe yA vi hotthA / (nirayAvali pR. 18) (2) Champa, the famous capital of Anga, stood on the river of the same name (Jatak 506) and the Ganges. ... It is stated in the Mahabharat, the Puranas and the Harivansa that the ancient name of Champa was Malini. campasya tu purI campA yA mAlinyabhavat purA / ( Poli. His. of Anc. India P.76 Ray Chaudhari. Edi. 3rd.) (3) campA tu mAlinI a. ciM. pR. 390 ( 4 ) aMgera suvikhyAta rAjadhAnI campA campAtIravartI campA gaMgAra tIre avasthita parayuge ekatra vivaraNa o pAyA jAya / baMgIya mahAkoza pR. 496

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( 41 ) (5) aMga-ihAra rAjadhAnI chila campA / ihA mithilA hoite 60 yojana dUre gaMgA evaM campAnadIra tIre avasthita chila / . bauddha yugera bhUgola pR.6 tathA Geography of Early Buddhism P. 6. by Vimalebaran Low (6) campezo bhogavaMzo'yaM subAhuH dharaNendrabhUH / amuM vRNIzva jAnhavyAH sevyase sokarAnilaiH // 340 // bhegavaMzamAM utpanna thayela rAjA dharaNendrane putra subAhu A caMpAnagarIne rAjA che tene vare-paraNo te tame gaMgA nadInA jaLakaNavALA pavanathI sevAze. A kathana naLarAjAnA adhikAramAM prAcIna caMpAnI bAbatanuM che. (tri. za. pu. caritra parva 8, sarga 3, patra 52) ( 7 ) io ya sayANio caMpaM pahAvio dadhivAhaNaM geNhAmi nAvAkaDaeNaM gato egAte rattI te // (A. sU. saTIka haribhadra pR. 223) (8) usakI (aMga kI) rAjadhAnI campA yA mAlinI, jise Adhunika bhAgalapura zahara kA pacchimI hissA campAnagara sUcita karatA hai, usa samaya bhAratavarSa kI sabase samRddha nagarIoMmeM se thii| (bhAratIya i. rUparekhA ji 1, pR. 312)

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( 42 ) ( 9 ) aMga - prAcyabhArate ekaTI prAcInatama deza ( baMgalA vizvakoSa bhA. 1, pR. 272 ) (10) io ya sayANio campaM padhAvio dadhivAhaNaM gehAmitti, NAvAkaDaeNa gato egAe rattIe, acintiyA ceva NagarI veDhiyA, tattha dadhivAhaNoM palAto / ( Avazyaka cUrNi ( pUrva bhAga ) patra 318 ) ( 11 ) isa vAste kozambInagarI meM campAnagarI kucha bahuta dUra nahI thI ! aru campAnagarI ke pAsa gaMgA nadI vahatI haiM. yaha to pratyakSa hI hai| jisake khulAse ke lie nirayAvalikA sUtra meM bhI sApha likhA hai ki caMpAnagarI ke pAsa gaMgA mahAnadI bahatI hai. isa vAste saMtAnika rAjA lazkara ke sAtha pahile nAvAmAM besI jamanA nadI meM calA. pIche prayAga ke arthAt (alahAbAda) ke pAsa jahAM jamanA nadI gaMgA mahAnadI meM mIla gaI taba gaMgA meM nAvA seM cala kara campAnagarI kuM eka hI rAtrI meM pahuca gayA / ( ' Aryadeza darpaNa' pR. 31 zAMtivijaya ) ( 12 ) It ( Champs) was on the Bhagirthi ( Mahabhart III, 84, 8141 ) caMpA bhAgIrathI nadI para hatI. (Ancient Indian Historical Tradition P. 272 note. By F. E. Pargiter.)

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(43) (13) taeNaM se vehalle kumAre seyaNaeNaM gandhahatthiNA anteurapariyAlasaMparivuDe campaM nayarI majjhaM majjheNaM nigacchai 2, abhikkhaNaM 2 gaMgaM mahANaiM majjhaNayaM oyarai / (" nirayAvali " pR0 19) (14) " mahAvIra caritra prAkRta" (guNacandrakRta prastAva 7, pR0 243) (15) tri. za. pu. caritra (parva 10, sarga 4, pR0 19) ( 16 ) The Capital ( Champa ) was situated on the Ganges ( as stated By Hwen Tbsang ) hyuenatsAMganA kahevA pramANe rAjanagara cappA gaMgA nadI upara AvyuM hatuM. ( Cunningham's Ancient Geography ___of India P. 546 ) (17) The Tamrliptas with the sea-coast people and the beautiful capital of Champa protected by Deva." tAeNlisa prAMtanA loke, samudra taTa para nivAsa karatA prajAjane ane manahara rAjanagara caMpAne deva (caMdragupta bhInne ) 2kSaNa 42. ( History of India P. 124 By Jayaswal.)

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(18) Champa, the famous capital of Anga stood on the river of the same name (modern Chandan) and the Ganges." caMpAnagarI e gaMgA nadI ane caMpA nadI (hAlanI yAMna nahI) 752 mAvazI cha. (" C. A. G. 1." P. 723. ) (19) " ........... ...tAmraliptAn sasAgarAn campAM caiva purI ramyAM bhokSyante devarakSitAm // " "vAyupurANa" (20) dadhivAhaNagahaNatthaM campaM veDhai sayANio raayaa| egAe rattIe nAvAkaDageNa gaMtUNaM // 73 // " - (zrI nemicaMdramUrikata prAkRta mahAvIra caritra patra 54) (21) rAjadhAnI (campA) jo gaMgA nadI ke uttarI taTa para hai| (huenasAMga kA bhAratabhramaNa pR. 522.) (22) That the Guptas established a Govern"ment of their own at Champa. guptavaMzI rAjAoe caMpAmAM potAnuM sinya sthApita yu hetu (H. I Pp. 32-33.) (23) asyA eva parisare zrIzreNikasUnurazokacandro narendraH kUNikAparAkhyaH zrIrAjagRhaM janakazokAd vihAya navInAM campAM acIkaraca cArucampakarociSNuM rAjadhAnIm /

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(45 ) tenI--jUnI ca'pAnI samIpe zrI zreNika rAjAnA putra azeAkacaMdra-kRNike-pitAnA zAkane lIdhe rAjagRhI nagarInA tyAga karI navIna caMpAnagarIne yathA rAjadhAnI banAvI. nAmavALI maneAhara tIrthakalpa. pU. 65 uparyukta ATalA badhA pramANeA siddha karI batAve che ke jUnI caMpA ane navI caMpA anne pUrva dizAmAM AvelA aMgadezanI rAjadhAnI ane gaMgA nadInA kinAre AvelI che. arthAt gaMgA nadI vagara ca'pAnagarInu astitva hAI zake nahIM. kharI rIte bhAgalapura jIllAmAM je caMpA judI tarIke svIkArI che te ja caMpA pUrva dezamAMnA aMgadezanI rAjadhAnI hatI. aMgadeza karyAM AvyA ? ca'pAnagarInuM sthAna aitihAsika dRSTie nizcita karyo pachI have a'gadeza kayAM ALye tenA sthAnanA nirNaya karIe. * prAcIna bhAratavaSa mAM evI rItanu lakhe che kejIvAvALA bhAga aMga deza paNa prAcIna granthamAM vana batAvAtA nathI vigere vigere. bhAratavaSa mAM aMgadezane dakSiNa dizAmAM Avela madhyaprAntamAM bhArapUrvaka nakaze citarI batAve che. aMgALa ilAkAmAM bhAgalapura tarIke hAvAnu` TharAvI dIdhu che, tevuM karAyuM hoya ema AdhAra e uparAMta prAcIna

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( 46 ) A badhI binA eTalI badhI asatya, bhrAmaka ane pramANarahita che ke De. zAha sivAya bIje kaI paNa Ama lakhavAnuM sAhasa paNa bhAgye ja karI zake. caMpAnagarI kayAM AvI tene mATe upara jema aneka purAvAo apAyA che tema ja aMgadeza kayAM AvyuM tene mATe paNa zAstramAM ne ItihAsamAM aneka purAvAo ane AdhAre batAvyA che. prAcIna grantha, purAvAo ane nakazA tapAsyA hatA te temane ghaNuM AdhAra maLI zakyA heta. aMga deza kayAM AvyuM te hakIkta-sthAna nizcita karanArA purAvAo nIce pramANe che. (1) Anga was the country to the East of Magadha, aMga deza magadhanI pUrvamAM hate. (Poli. His. of Anc. India P. 75.) (2) sAthe sarva prathama prAva vize zipriyu: yaMtra caMvai-suTuM-trahma-puTTAcA manapA ! (" vyamImAMsA' 8 by Dalal ) (3) tatra vArATIcA: parata: pUrvaza: . yatra - -o..........kamRtayo nApAka | kAvyAnuzAsana kahe che ke-kAzInagarI-vArANasInI pilI taraphane pUrvadeza kahevAya che ane tyAM aMga, kaliMga ne kosala vigere deze AvelA che. (AvyAnuzAsana saTIma 12.)

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( 47) ...... (4) *nA, caMgA: anye'pi dezAH prAcyA ye purANe saMprakIrtitAH // purANAmAM khatAvyu che ke aMga, aMga, kaliMga ane bIjA paNa pUrva deza tarIke oLakhAya che. (nAcarAtram rR. 202 Vol. II ) (5) The monks or nuns may wander towards the East as far as Anga, Magadh......... Brihat Kalpa Sutra 1, 51 sAdhue ke sAdhvIe pUdizAmAM aMga ane magadha sudhI vicarI zake. bRhata kalpasUtramAM pUrvadezanA aMtanI maryAdA bAMdhI dIdhI ke aga, magadha e sAdhuonA vihAra mATe pUvadezAnA chellAmAM chellA deza che, eTale tene mATe te pUrvadizA sivAya bIjI kalpanA paNa na karI zakAya. ( 6 ) yaha kahA gayA hai ki aMga se pUravadezoM kA, pada yuga meM, AryoM ko patA na thA, kyoMki solaha mahAjanapadoM meM saba se pUrava kA deza aMga hI hai / mahAjana ........... (mAratIya haiM. revA ni. ? pR. 120 nayanandra vidyAsAra.) (7) Anga the easternmost country named in the Atharvaveda. (V. 22, 14.) athavaveda ema batAve che ke-aMga e pUrva dizAnI sImA-maryAdAmAM sauthI chello deza che. ( Anc. Geo. of India P. 722. )

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( 4 ) (8) Champa a nagar at a distance of about five miles from Bhagalpur. bhAgalapurathI lagabhaga pAMca mAIla dUra caMpAnagarI che. ( H. I. P. 32. Note.) Champa to have been (9) Fahien makes 18 yojans east from Patliputra. pATalIputra( paTanA )thI caMpA tarapha che ema phAhiyAna jaNAve che. 18 caiAjana pUrvadizA On Yuan Chwang Vol II, By Walters p. 182 ( 10 ) This ( Champa country) the pelgrim ( Hwen Thsang) describes as above 4000 Li in circuit, with its Capital more than 40 Li in circuit, situated on the south side of the Ganges. yAtrika hyuenatsAMge, carapA dezanA vistAra 4000 lI'thI vadhAre ane tenI rAjanagarInA vistAra 40 'lI'thI vadhAre hAvAnu kahyuM che. ane te gaMgA nadInI dakSiNe hAvAnuM lakhyuM che. (H, G. T. I, P. 181) ( 11 ) Samudragupta seems to have,later on, annexed Samatata (samataTa) to the province of Champa, to have a natural frontier upto the sea, which was a matter of necessity for an easier access to and the administration of Orissa and Kalinga, and the sea-trade with further India.

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(48) samudragupta AgaLa jatAM samudra paryata kudaratI rIte mArga mokaLo thaI jAya e uddezathI caMpA prAMta sAthe samataTane joDI dIdhuM hatuM. orissA ane kaliMgamAM sahelAIthI jaI zakAya, e banneno kArebAra sArI rIte cAlI zake ane bRhad bhAratavarSa sAthe samudramAge vyApAra vadhI zake te mATe A mArga anivArya hate. ___History of India P. 145 By Jayaswal. (12) caMpA se pUrva 50 yojana jAkara phAhiyAna tAMbalipti--janapada meM phuNcaa| phAhiyAna 4 // (13) 18 yojana para use gaMgA pAra karane para caMpA kA deza milA / 4 // gaMgA ke kinAre kinAre pUrva dizA meM 18 yojana utara kara dakSiNa kinAre para campA kA mahojanapada par3A ( yaha bhAgalapura jile kA eka vibhAga hai|) phAhiyAna pR. 81 (14)" caMpA aMgajanapadeSu ca" yA mahezamA che, e pATha aneka granthamAM upalabdha thAya che. (15) jambUddIve 2 bharahavAse dasa rAyahANIo paM. taM.

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(50) campA, mahurA, vANArasI ya sAvatthI tahata sAtetaM / hatthiNaura kaMpillaM mihilA kosaMbi rAyagihaM // sthAnAM sUtra, sthA. 20, 3deza: 2, pR. 477 (26) caMpAnArI caMpAnanag | thAnA TI. ka72 (17) Kingdom of Asokane nakaze. pUrvamAM gaMgAnA kinArA upara capAne batAvI che. Buddhist India P. 320. ( 18 ) Carte Archeaology...... de L'inde at sell. . L'inde Aux. Temps des Mauryas. (19) The Anava kingdom in the east, the nucleus of which was Anga, became devided up into five kingdoms, said to have beenn amed after the king Bali's sons; Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Sumba and Pundra, pUrvanuM ANuva rAjya jenuM kedrarUpa aMge rAjya hatuM tenAM pAMca bhAga paDI gayA hatA. tenA mATe ema kahevAya che ke balinA putranA nAma uparathI tenA nAma paDyA hatA. aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, suha ne puM. "A. I. H. G.P. 89 By Majumdar (20) The Capital of Anga was Malini, and its name was changed afterwards to Campa or Campavati (Bhagalpur) after king Campa. Ancient In. Historical Tradition P. 272.

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(51 ). (22) tatra vArANAH parata: pUrvarAH catra aMnTiM-jo -totaruM.........ghaTyottara mRtayo banAvA its capita' the ancient city villages-Camadalpura. (22) pUrva dizA meM bairuM nAma niyAma (vA) hai kajaMgaLa aMgadezamAM che e te suprasiddha che. aMgadeza pUrvamAM hevAnuM A pAThathI paNa upalabdha thAya che. buddhacaryA pR. 397. 2. sAMtyAyana. (23) Anga-the state east of Magadha with its capital Campa. According to Cunningham, the site of the ancient city of Champa is to be indentified with the two villages-Campanagara and Campapura-which still exist near Bhagalpura. The Early History of Kausambi. P. 9. aMga e magadhanuM pUrvanuM rAjya che. ane temanI rAjadhAnI caMpA che. sara kaniMgahAmanA vicAra pramANe prAcIna caMpAnuM sthAna caMpAnagara ane caMpApura je atyAre paNa bhAgalapuranI pAse che tenA uparathI jANI zakAya che. A badhA zAstrIya, aitihAsika ne nakazAonA purAvAethI ema siddha thAya che ke aMgadeza pUrvamAM che; dakSiNa dizAmAM ke madhyabhAratamAM nathI. upara AgamanA purAvAo che, keSonA ane bauddhagranthanA, caritre ne kAvya, hyuenasAMga ne phAhIyAna jevA

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(para). musAphare, hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI, prAcIna, arvAcIna ItihAsakArenA, purANa, mahAbhArata, kAvyazAstra, nATyazAstra, tIrthaka95 vigere tamAmanA purAvAo ApyA che ane te badhAe caMpAnagarI ane aMgadezane pUrva dizAmAM gaMgA nadIne kinAre ja batAvyA che. prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM aMgadeza dakSiNa dizAmAM kyAMthI A enA kAMI purAvA che kharA ? temaNe rUpanAthanA khaDaka R. E.ne akhaMDanIya purAvA. tarIke batAvyuM che ane kathAnake ne daMtakathAone ullekha karyo che, paraMtu ekakenuM nAma ke purAvA rajU karyA nathI. ane kadAca rajU karyA hatA te paNa nirmULa daMtakathAo, e ItihAsa ja nathI. temanA pustakamAM eka vadhAre hAsyajanaka binA te e che ke teo eka pachI bIjA ne bIjA pachI trIjA pAnAo ne TIpaNe jevA bhaLAve che ane ema karI vAcakane bhramaNAmAM nAkhe che; chatAM ya chevaTe badhuM tapAsI jatAM aMtamAM kAMI artha nIkaLatuM nathI. jemake - pu. 2, pR. 364 upara lakhe che TI. 36 mAM juo. tyAM vaLI lakhe che TI. 29 juo. tyAM vaLI lakhe che pR. 364 TI. 35 juo. ane e badhI jhADI pharI vaLatAM joIe chIe tyAre kaze sArAMza ke cekhavaTa maLatAM nathI.

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(53). tene artha te vAcaka e karI zake ke binapAyAdAra ne purAvA vagaranI kevaLa kalapanAkalipata binAene bhUlAvavA mATe pustakanAM pRSTho ane TIppaNamAM vAcakone bhramita karI nAkhavA mathe che ! jyAre A saMbaMdhamAM temanI sAthe praznacarcA karavAmAM AvI tyAre caMpApurI ane gaMgAne saMbaMdha eka nUtana yukti hoya ane keI avaLe prazna hoya ema temane lAgyuM. ane e meM jyAre jANyuM tyAre mane bhAre Azcarya thayuM ke Do. mahAzaya caMpA ane gaMgA vize AvuM maMtavya dharAvI zake che kharA ! prAcIna caMpApurIne nAza i. sa. pU. papa6 mAM thaI gayA bAda lagabhaga trIsa batrIsa varSe A rAjA kUNikavALI caMpAnI sthApanA thaI che." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 139 "I. sa. pU. papa7 mAM vatsa pati rAjA zatAnIke, caMpA upara hallo karI bhAMgI nAkhI hatI, eTale ke Azare pacIsa varSe tene punaruddhAra thaye ema gaNavuM." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 374 TI. vaLI te nagarI sarvathA nAza pAmelI nahotI eTale be traNa varSamAM ja tene punaruddhAra karAvI rAjyapATa pheravI tyAM rahevA lAgyA. " prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 296

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(54). AvA parasparavirodhI lakhANathI ema ja mAnavuM rahyuM ke caMpA bAbata temane potAne ja kazI khabara nathI. I. sa. pU. papa6 mAM bhAMgI gaI ema lakhe che ane I. sa. pU. para4 mAM tene navI sthApI ema paNa pa24 pRSTha upara lakhe che ane te sAthe sAthe ema paNa lakhe che ke batrIsa varSa ujajaDa rahI, bIjI vakhata lakhe che 25 varSe punaruddhAra karyo, trIjI vakhata lakhe che traNa varSamAM ja punaruddhAra karyo-A traNe vidhI hakIkta I. sa. pU. papa6 thI I. sa. pU. pa24 vacce kayA gaNitanA hisAbathI thaI zake te samajavuM muzkela nathI. eTale ke uparanI hakIkata taddana asaMgata che. kAraNa ke temaNe I. sa. pU. pa28 mAM kRNikanuM rAjyArihaNa ane I. sa. pU. para7 mAM bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nirvANa pR. 38 upara sAlavArImAM lakhyuM che, jyAre kreNikanA rAjyatvakALa-gAdInazIna thayA pachI ane bhagavAnanA nirvANa pahelAM 14 varSe gazALaka mRtyu pAmyA. gozALaka mRtyu pAmyo te pahelAM rAjA kRNika sAthe hala vihalla ne ceTaka rAjAnuM mahAyuddha thayuM, je bhagavatI sUtra, nizyAvali vigeremAM "mahAzilAkaTaka yuddha" ne nAme prasiddha thayuM che. te yuddha I. sa. pU. 540 nI AsapAsa thayAnuM manAya che. e yuddha pahelAM bhagavAnanuM kUNike caMpAnagarImAM sAmaiyuM karyuM che. have je i. sa. pU. para7 mAM bhagavAnanuM nirvANa ane I. sa. pU. pa28 mAM kUNikanuM rAjA thayAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave te e eka varSanA gALAmAM

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(paSa ) gazALA pachInA 16 varSanuM bhagavAnanuM jIvana, halla vihallane yuddhakALa ane e badhA varSo kayAM samAvavA ? eTale e siddha thAya che ke kRNikanA gAdInazIna thavAnI " prAcIna bhAratavarSanI sAla ja peTI che. vaLI zAstromAM te rAjA zreNika karatAM bhagavAna sAthe kuNikanA prasaMge vadhAre upalabdha thAya che, eTale zreNika rAjA karatAM kUNikane bhagavAna sAthe vadhAre sahavAsa rahyo hate ema mAnavuM joIe. bIjuM asatya pratipAdana e che ke temaNe rAjA zreNikanuM mRtyu I. sa. pU. pa28mAM gaNAvyuM che, te paNa asaMgata che; kAraNa ke zAstra prasiddha hakIkata evI che ke bhagavAnane kevaLajJAna thayA pachI zreNika rAjA bahu vadhAre samaya jIvyA nathI. ItihAsakAre paNa ema ja mAne che. _ karIba 42 varSa kI avasthAmeM kevalajJAna prApta kara bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba rAjagrahanagara meM gaye usa samaya rAjA zreNika vRddhAvasthA ko pahuMca cUkA thaa| jaina sUtroM meM mahAvIra ke sAtha zreNika viSayaka jitane prasaMga upalabdha hote haiM unase kahIM adhika ullekha abhayakumAra aura kUNika saMbaMdhI milate haiM, isase bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA kevalI jIvana zreNika ne adhika samaya taka nahIM dekhaa| vI. ni. saM. 5. .

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(56) zreNikane rAjyakALa. 601-552 I. sa. pUrva, (. vI. navA) 601 thI 5para I. sa. pUrva. (muni vakSyAvinayagI.) pa82 thI pa54 I. sa. pUrva. ali hisTarI, caturtha AvRtti, vinsenTa smIyakRta. - uparanA badhA maMtavyathI ema siddha thAya che kezreNikanuM avasAna I. sa. pU. pa3ra-pa3nI AsapAsa mAnavuM radda. ane te pachI bhagavAnane kRNika sAthe ja lAMbo paricaya rahyo hovAnuM manAya che. have bIjI rIte mahAvIrane ane kRNikane saMbadha tathA kRNikane rAjyakALa ane gAdInazIna thayAne samaya joIe. ajAtazatru(kUNika)nA rAjyatvakALanA AThamA varSamAM bhagavAna buddha 80 varSanuM AyuSya pUruM karI nirvANa pAmyA. ane buddhanA svargavAsa pachI lagabhaga (14) caudamA varSe bhagavAna mahAvIra 72 varSanuM AyuSya pUruM karI nirvANa pAmyA. eTale ke bhagavAna buddha kRNikanA rAjyatvakALanA AThamA varSe nirvANa pAmyAnA hisAbe bhagavAna mahAvIra kRNikanA rAjyatvakALanA (22) bAvIsame varSe nirvANa pAmyAnuM siddha thAya che.

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(pa7 ) trIjI rIte mahAvIra ane kRNikano saMbaMdha bAddha granthone AdhAre meLavIe. dIghanikAya'mAM lakhyuM che ke kuNika(ajAtazatru)nA rAjyatvakALanA prathama varSamAM mahAvIra ane kRNikano saMbaMdha thaye che. " annataro pi kho rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vaidehIputtaM etadavoca-" ayaM deva ! nigaMTho nAtaputto, saMghI, ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAriyo ca bhAto, yazassI, tItthakaro, sAdhusaMmatto, bahujanassa ratannu, cirapavvajito advagato vayo anupattA ti / " arthAta emAMnA eka maMtrIe....ajAtazatrune kahyuM ke-mahArAja ! A nigrantha jJAtaputra AvyA che ...... ciradIkSita ane ardhagata umaranA che. (dhaniya. ') have uparanA bauddhagranthanA AdhAre ajAtazatrunA rAjyakALanA prathama varSamAM A carcA thayelI manAya che. e hisAbe upara vAMcyA pramANe mahAtmA buddha 72 varSanA hatA (kAraNa ke te pachI AThame varSe, 80mA varSe nirvANa pAmyA) ane bhagavAna mahAvIra pragatavayA eTale lagabhaga 50 varSanA hatA. have ajAtazatru(kRNika)nA rAjyakALanA prathama varSamAM bhagavAnanI 50 varSanI umara hatI te e siddha thAya che kebhagavAna 72 varSanI umara bhegavI kRNikanA rAjyatvakALanA

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( 18 ) AvIsamA varSamAM nirvANu pAmyA x ane kRNika rAjAnA khAvIza varSanA saMbaMdha aitihAsika ghaTanAonA meLa kharAkhara besI zake che. bhagavAna sAthe mAnIe tAja bhagavAna mahAvIrane i. sa. pU. 557 mAM kevaLajJAna thayu te pahelAM tarata ja lagabhaga, temaNe khAramuM cAmAsu caMpAnagarImAM karyu hatu, ane te pachI vicarIne, pharIne sattaramA ceAmAsA vakhate ( cAmAsu tyAM karyu na hatu.) caMpAmAM AvyA tyAre kUNike caMpAnagarImAM bhagavAnanuM sAmaiyu karyuM hatuM. te pachI hA viThThala ne ceTaka rAjA sAthe kaNikanu yuddha thayuM. i. sa. pU. 540mAM tenu' vana bhagavatI sUtranA sAtamA zatakanA navamA uddezAmAM patra 29 thI 35mAM Ave che ane te nirayALi vigeremAM mahAziATanA prasiddha thayuM che. nAme te pachI geAzALAnA mRtyunI hakIkata ane che, ane te bhagavAnane kevaLajJAna thayA pachI caiAdamA varSe anelI ghaTanA che. 'mAvatI sUtra 'mAM e ghaTanA AvI rIte lakhI che ke" tumaM NaM Auso kAsavA ! mamaM taveNaM teeNaM annAiTThe samANe aMto chaNhaM mAsANaM pittajjaraparigayasarIre dAhavakaMtIe chaumatthe caiva kAlaM karessasi " (mAvatI mUtra, za. 11, pR. 281.) x A hakIkata 'vIra nirvANu saMvat'mAM munirAja zrIkalyANuvijayajIe vistArathI lakhI che.

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(59). " no khalu ahaM gosAlA! tava taveNaM teeNaM annAiTTe samANe aMto chaNhaM jAva-kAlaM karessAmi, ahanna annAiM solasa vAsAiM jiNe suhatthI viharissAmi, tumaM NaM gozAlA ! appaNA ceva saeNaM teeNaM annAiTe samANe aMto sattarattassa pittajjaraparigayasarIre jAva -chAmantha va AruM rerA" (mAvatI sUtra, . 21, pR. 281) A badhI hakIkatathI nirNaya e karavAnuM che ke-te prasaMge mahAvIra ane phreNikanI vidyamAnatAmAM ja banelA che. gazALake pitAnA mRtyu pahelA tenA ziSyone ATha carimenI prarUpaNa karI hatI temAM halla vihalla yuddhanI hakIkata paNa mUke che. - " rUmAruM aTTa rimANuM unnati te nahIM- rime pALe, 2 carime geye, 3 carime naTTe, 4 carime aMjalikamme, 5 carime pokkhalasaMvaTTae mahAmehe, 6 carime seyaNae gandhahatthI, 7 carime mahAsiSThAvaTA saMme, 8 mahuM i.. mAvatI sUtra, za. 6, pR. 287 AthI ema siddha thAya che ke-halla vihallanuM yuddha zALAnA mRtyu pahelAM thayuM che, ane zALAnuM mRtyu thayA pachI 16 varSa paryata bhagavAna jIvyA hatA. eTale soLa varSa e ane te pahelAnI yuddhanI ghaTanA te mahAzitrATa tarIkenI prasiddhi vigeremAM paNa keTalAka

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(60 ) varSane samaya vItyuM ja haze, ema kRNikanA rAjyatvakALanA bAvIzamA varSamAM bhagavAnanuM nirvANa thayuM hatuM ema siddha thAya che. eTale I. sa. pU. 5para nI AsapAsa zreNika rAjAnuM mRtyu, kRNikanI rAjyagAdI, caMpAne punaruddhAra vigere hakIkate banI che. ItihAsakAre vinsenTa ramItha, ke. pI. jayasvAla, muni kalyANavijaya vigerenuM paNa ema ja mAnavuM che. kRNikane rAyatakALa. I. sa. pU. papa2 thI 518. ke. pI. jayasvAla, I. sa. pU. pa52-518 sudhI muni kalyANavijaya. I. sa. pU. 554-para7. ali hisTarI, cothI AvRtti, vinsenTa smithakRta vaLI caMpApurImAM phreNikanI rAjyagAdI saMbaMdhI eka bauddha grantha(?)nuM avataraNa TAMke che, paNa vAstavamAM te e bI grantha ja nathI ane te kRNika rAjA saMbaMdhI nathI. te paurANika grantha che ane rAjA udAyInA saMbaMdhI hakIkata batAve che. * rAjA ajAtazatrue caMpApurImAM gAdI banAvI hatI, paNa bauddha granthamAM ema jaNAvAyuM che ke teNe potAnA rAye cothA varSe pATalIputra(kusumapura)mAM gAdI pheravI hatI. bhA. 1, pR. 27 Pargiter's dynastic list in Kali-ages P. 69.

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( 1 ) eTale "prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lakhANa pramANe I. sa. pU. pa28mAM kRNika rAjAnuM rAjA thavuM, zreNikanuM mRtyu ane I. sa. pU. pa24 mAM caMpAne punaruddhAra e badhI binA taddana asaMbhavita, asaMgata ane asatya Thare che, ema keI* sAmAnya buddhivALo mANasa paNa kahI zake. bhIya gAma ane rijuvAlukA nadI prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM dakSiNa bhAratavarSamAM madhya prAMtamAM Avela bhArahetane jalIya gAma tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. te sona nadInI zAkhA nadI upara AveluM batAvyuM che ane tyAM bhagavAnane kevaLajJAna thayuM hatuM ema jaNAvyuM che. temAM ema lakhyuM che ke- hAlanA madhyaprAMtamAM Avela nAgaDa rAjyanI sattAmAM bhArahata nAmanuM gAmaDu je AvI rahela che te sthAna A (kevaLajJAnaprApti)nI tIrthabhUmi samajavI. pATalIputra zaheravALI sena nadInI zAkhAnadI upara te AveluM che, temaja relve lAInanA satanA jaMkazanathI thoDAka mAIla upara te sthAna AveluM che. tyAM bhAratasvapa nAmathI oLakhAte mATe sUpa UbhuM karAyela che. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 374. TI. jabhayagAmanuM sthAna-kevalyakalyANaka-A saMbaMdhamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke-bhagavAnanI chadmasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsuM kauzA x asalI nAma " nAgada" che.

Page #98
mbI-vatsa dezamAM thayuM che ane te bAda tenI AsapAsa vicaryA che. jaina" 1rlDa A bIjA avataraNanI mAnelI hakIkatane AdhAre, bhagavAna mahAvIranuM kevalyasthAna kezAbInI AsapAsa che ema nirNaya ApavAmAM AvyuM lAge che. paNa kharI rIte e badhI hakIkata asatyaprAya che. sauthI prathama to e vastu che ke bhagavAnanuM chadmAvasthAnuM che cemAsu kazAmbI- vamAM thayuM ja nathI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bhagavAnanA kuLa 42 beMtAlIza comAsAmAM eka paNa comAsu kauzAmbI-vasamAM thayuM nathI ema zAstro kahe che; chatAM AvI khoTI vigato temane kyAMthI maLI zakI haze te ja eka Azcarya che. zAstromAM kayAMI paNa kezAmbInA comAsAnI vigata maLavI azakya che. temaNe comAsAnI vigate batAvI che te zAstrathI viruddha jAya che. temaNe je rIte comAsA gaNAvyA te nIce pramANe che. " 1 asthika grAma 14 rAjagRhI ne nAlaMdA 3 caMpA-pRSacaMpA 6 mithilA 12 vaizAlI ne vANijyagrAma 2 bhadrikAmAM 1 AlaMbikAnagarI 1 apApA 1 zrAvastI 1 vabhUmi 42 (prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 280)

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( 3 ) kevaLajJAna prApta thayA bAdanA je 30 comAsA che temAMnuM 1 caMpAmAM, 10 vaizAlI, 13 rAjagRhI ane 6 mithilAmAM. (prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 280) ane A bAbatanuM pramANa kalpasUtra subAdhikAnuM Ape che, paNa kezAmbInuM comAsu temAM dekhAtuM nathI. kalpasUtramAM je jaNAvyuM che te A pramANe che - " teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNe bhayavaM mahAvIre aTThiyagAma nIsAe paDhamaM aMtarAvAsaM uvAgae 1, caMpaMca piTThacaMpaM ca nIsAe tao aMtarAvAse vAsAvAsaM uvAgae4, vesAliM nagariM vANiyagAmaM ca nIsAe duvAlasa aMtarAvAse vAsAvAsaM ubAgae 16, rAyagihaM nagaraM nAlaMdaM ca bAhiriyaM nIsAe caudasa aMtarAvAse vAsAvAsaM uvAgae 30, cha mihilAe 36, do bhaddiAe 38, egaM AlaMbhiAe 39, egaM sAvatthIe 40, egaM paNiabhUmIe 41, egaM pAvAe majjhimAe hatthivAlassa raNNo rajjugasabhAe apacchimaM aMtarAvAsaM vAsAvAsa DhavANa 42, // 122 che ( mUtra pR. 21-22) 1 asthigAmamAM 2 bhadiAmAM 3 caMpA-pRSacaMpAmAM 1 AlaMbhIyAmAM 12 vaizAlImAM 1 sAvathImAM 14 rAjagRhImAM 1 paNiyabhUmimAM 6 mithilAmAM 1 majijhamapAvAmAM

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(64) 'vayadiNAo a' bhayavaobAyAlosaM vAsA caummAsIo jaayaao| taM jahA--egA aTThiagAme, tiNNi caMpApiTThIcaMpAsu, duvAlasa vesAlI-vANiaggAmesu, cauddasa nAlaMdA--rAyagihesu, cha mihiA, te madirA, mA kAmakAI, ghaNA pathammI, egA sAvatthIe, carimA puNa majjhimapAvAe hatthivAla raNNo abhuJjamANa su kasAlAe Asi / 'vividha tIrthakalpa' zrIjinaprabhasUri pR. 34. A pramANe kalpasUtra ke vividha tIrthakalpa vigeremAM kayAM ca paNa kezAmbI-vatsamAM bhagavAnanuM mAsu thayAnuM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. pachI kezAmbInuM comAsu e chasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu zI rIte batAvyuM haze ? vaLI bIjuM. kevaLajJAna pachI bhagavAne caMpAmAM eke comAsu karyuM nathI. traNe comAsA chasthAvasthAmAM ja karyA che, chatAM "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM kevaLajJAna thayA pachI paNa caMpAmAM eka comAsu thayAnuM gaNAvyuM che te paNa asatya che. temaja zrI mahAvIre A trIsa varSanA gALAmAM moTe bhAga, eTale ke ardha uparAMta kALa-seLa comAsA rAjagRhI nagarImAM ja gALyAM che. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 255 A paNa eka asatya binA che ane temanA AgaLanA lakhANa sAthe paraspara virodha Ave che. bhagavAne rAjagRhImAM

Page #101
( 5 ) kula cauda ja comAsA karyA che. pachI seLa cemAsA thayAnuM lakhavuM te paNa asaMgata che. chadmasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsuM karyuM? tyAre have temanuM chelluM chadmasthAvasthAnuM comAsuM kayAM kayuM che? prathama te chaghasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu karyuM hatuM e ja vicArIe. zAstrAthI ane ItihAsathI ema siddha thAya che ke temanuM bAramuM mAsu e chadmasthAvasthAnuM chelluM mAsu hatuM. bAramuM cemAsu kyAM thayuM? chadrasthAvasthAnA chellA comAsAne nirNaya thayA pachI have e nirNaya karIe ke te comAsu kyAM thayuM hatuM? kauzAmbImAM te eke comAsu thayuM ja nathI. zAstra ane ItihAsa kathana pramANe, kauzAmbImAM nahIM paNa je arasAmAM zatAnIka rAjAe caMpAnagarI bhAMgI te pachI caMpAnagarImAM chaghasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu thayuM hatuM. ahIM huM agiyAra ne bAramA cemAsAnA vacagALAnA samayamAM bhagavAna kyAM kayAM vicaryA? kayAM abhigraha dhAraNuM ka ne kayAM pArANuM karyuM? te pachI kevaLajJAna kayAre ane kyAM thayuM te details-bArIka hakIkata batAvuM chuM jethI te barAbara samajI zakAya.

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bhagavAne agiyAramuM comAsu vaizAlI nagarImAM karyuM. te pachI comAsu pUruM thaye bhagavAna su sumArapura AvyA. tyAMthI bhagapura, naMdigrAma, meMTiyagAma AvyA ane tyAMthI kauzAmbImAM AvyA. tyAM piSa vadi 1nAM roja abhigraha dhAraNa karyo. te pachI punaH vicarIne pAchA kauzAmbImAM AvyA ane cha mAsamAM pAMca divasa ochA hatA tyAre kauzAmbImAM ja jeTha zudimAM pAraNuM karyuM. bAramuM comAsu te pachI pharatA pharatA bhagavAna sumaMgaLa, suchitta, pAlaka vigere gAmomAM vicarIne caMpAmAM AvyA. tyAM temaNe bAramuM cemAsu ryuM. e comAsA pachI bhagavAna ja bhayagAma, meMdriyagAma, chammANi makjhima pAvA vigeremAM vicarI jabhIyagAma juvAlukA nadI upara)mAM AvyA tyAM temane vaizAkha zudi 10 nA divase kevaLajJAna thayuM eTale kevaLajJAna pahelAnuM comAsu temanuM caMpAnuM ja gaNAya arthAta caMpAmAM kareluM bAramuM cemAsu bhagavAnanI sthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu kahevAya. *De. zAhanuM "paSa zudi paDavAnA divase abhigraha lIdhe che" e kathana paNa vyAjabI nathI. abhigraha piSa vadi paDavAne divase lIdhAne ullekha che.

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( 17 ) have tene lagatA zAstranA pramANe joIe tato viharamANo'gAda vizAlI nagarI prabhuH / tatra caikAdazo varSA-kAlo vratadinAdabhUt // 343 // svAmI ca viharan prApa, caMpAM nAma mahApurIm // 605 // tatrAgnihotrazAlAyAM svAtidattadvijanmanaH / tasthau varSA caturmAsI, dvAdazI svAmyupoSitaH // 606 // tadanaMtara bhagavAna vicaratA vicaratA vizAlImAM AvyA ane tyAM agiyAramuM comAsu karyuM. te pachI bhagavAna caMpAnagarImAM padhAryA ane svAtidatta brAhANanI agnihotra zALAmAM bAramuM comAsu rahyA. . tri. za. ca. parva 10, sarga, 4. caturmAsyatyaye svAmI, jRmbhakagrAmamAyayau // 614 // zrIvIro'pyagamad grAme, meMDhakagrAmanAmani // 616 // grAmaM SaNmAninAmAnaM jagAma bhagavAnapi // 618 // svAmI jagAma Rju-pAlikayA mahatyA / nadyA sanAthamatha jRmbhakasannivezam // 658 //

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( 68) (caMpApurInuM) cemAsu vItye prabhu bhaka gAma AvyA, tyAMthI meMDhaka gAmamAM, tyAMthI SamANi (chammANi) gAmamAM AvyA ane tyAMthI juvAlukA nAmanI meTI nadI upara AvelA jAMbhaka gAmamAM AvyA. tri. za. tri, parva 20, 3 ka. mAvIra varitra prAti (guNavaMta)mAM paNa A ja hakIkata varNavI che. kAvavA cULei pUrva bhAmAM paNa patra 31620 upara e hakIkata che. eTale e badhI hakIkatathI mAlUma paDe che ke bhagavAnanuM chadmAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu-bAramuM cemAsu caMpAmAM thayuM che. lekhakanA kathana pramANe kauzAmbInA chadmasthAvasthAnA chellA comAsA bAda abhigraha pUro thaze. e kathana paNa vAstavika nathI, kAraNa ke bhagavAne agiyAramA comAsA pachI pauSa vadi 1 nA divase kauzAmbImAM abhigraha lIdhe ane te cha mahinAmAM pAMca divase ochA hatA tyAre te pUro thayo che. have poSa vadi(mAgazara vadi)thI cha mAsa gaNae te jeTha mAsa Ave che. eTale zAstrIya mAsanI rItie jeTha zudimAM abhigraha pUre thaye gaNAya. arthAta bAramA mAsA pahelAM ja abhigraha pUre thaI gayuM che, ema nizcitapaNe mAnI zakAya. have pramANe joIe. .. jattha posabahulapaDivayapaDivannAbhiggahassa sirimahAvIrassa

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( 8 ) caMdaNabAlAe paMcadivasUNachammAsehiM suppakoNaTThiakumAsehiM pAraNaM jAriyA vi. sI. voDAvInarI va5, . 22 tattha ya bhayavayA posabahulapADivae evaMviho duraNucaro abhiggaho pddivnno| mahAvIra caritra (guNacanda kRta ) pa. 241 paJcAhanyUnaSaNmAsI-tapaH paryantapAraNam / vI banAvaMdAyeithI maLavAnA che 122 / cha mAsamAM pAMca divasa ochA hatA tyAre pAraNu karI dhanAvaha zeThanA gharethI bhagavAna nIkaLyA. tri. sA. caritra, parva 20, 4 ka. paM-vi-3-chamAra-ta-samIpu pAra 3 | kumArapArutivo |. 282. uparanA badhA pramANethI ema ja siddha thAya che ke bhagavAnane abhigraha, agiyAramA ne bAramA camAsAnA vacagALAnA samayamAM ja pUro thaI gayo che. vaLI zrI mahAvIrane kevaLajJAna thayAnI hakIkata jaNAvI che te paNa yuktiyukta lAgatI nathI. prA. bhA. mAM lakhyuM che ke A putrInuM nAma pAchaLathI caMdanabALA pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM...pachI thoDA samayamAM ja (sADAtraNeka mAsa bAda) 2. *

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( 70 ). zrI mahAvIrane kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thatAM teNIe dIkSA lIdhI hatI. prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pu. 1, pR. 115 AmAM je sADAtraNa mAsa pachI kevaLajJAna thayAnuM lakhyuM te vyAjabI nathI, kAraNa ke vasumatInuM caMdanabALA nAma to abhigraha pUre thaye te pahelAM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. tIe caMdaNasarisehiM raMjio viNaya--vayaNa-sIlehiM / sehI sapariyaNA caMdaNatti nAmaM kuNai uciyaM // kumArapAlapratibodha pR. 187 jyAre mahAvIrane kevaLajJAna te abhigraha pUro thayA pachI lagabhaga agiyAra mahine thayuM che. jeTha mAsamAM abhigraha pUre thayo ane te pachI vaizAkha mAsamAM kevaLa jJAna thayuM e hisAbe "sADAtraNa mAsa pachI kevaLajJAna thayuM te binA asaMbaddha ane ItihAsathI viruddha kare che. prA. bhA.nA lekhake kaI rIte gaNatrI karI haze te kahI. zakAya nahIM, paNa anumAna thAya che, temaNe abhigraha dhAraNa karavAnA mAsanA samayathI ja kevaLajJAna thayAnA mAtra mahinAnI gaNatrI karI-pauSathI vaizAkha sudhImAM lagabhaga sADAtraNa mAsa thavAno saMbhava che e rIte gaNI kADhyA hoya ane AgaLa pAchaLanI hakIkata ane samaya khyAla bahAra rahI javA pAmyA hoya. kharekhara je emaja gaNatrI thaI hoya te te pramANe AkhA eka varSanI hakIkatane goTALe thayo kahevAya.

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( 1 ) kAnanA upasarganI hakIkatamAM paNa bhAre goTALe karavAmAM AvyuM che. tene mATe temanI sAthenI praznacarcAnuM AkhuM koTezana ahIM rajU karI tenA upara vistArathI vicAra karIzuM. bhIyagAmanuM sthAna kaivalya kalyANakaA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, bhagavAnanI chasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu kauzAmbI-vatsadezamAM thayuM che ane te bAda tenI AsapAsa vicaryA che. poSa suda paDavAne divase abhigraha lIdhe che je arasAmAM kauzAmbIpati zatAnIke, caMpApati dadhivAhananI nagarI mAMgI che. te dadhivAhananI rANuM ane putrI vasumatI (pachIthI caMdanabAlAne nAme prakhyAta thayA che te) kauzAmbImAM vecAyA che. teNIe bhagavAnane abhigraha pUro karyo che. te bAda bhagavAnane kAnane upasarga naDyo che. iMdra mahArAje AvIne kahyuM che ke ATalA divase jJAnane lAbha thaze ane vaizAkha zudi 10 nA kaivalyaprApti thaI che. " "jaina" 26-4-36 vAcakoe jarA sAvadhAna thaI bArIka dhyAnathI A hakIkata vAMcavAnI jarUra che. lekhake chavasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu kauzAmbImAM mAnyuM ane te pachI vaizAkha zudi 10 nA kevaLajJAna thayuM. te daramyAna uparanI badhI hakIkata banI ema kahevAne lekhakane Azaya spaSTa jaNAya che. jyAre e lagabhaga Akho kama ItihAsanI daSTie bIlakula galata-asatya-ajJAnabharyo che kAraNa ke

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( hara ). uparanI mAnyatA pramANe chaghasthAvasthAnuM chelluM comAsu kauzAmbImAM (kalpanA ja asaMbhava che chatAM) thayuM, pachI tenI AsapAsa bhagavAna vicaryA, pachI piSa (zudi nahIM paNa) vadimAM abhigraha lIdho, pachI abhigraha pUre thaye ane kAnane upasarga thaye. A kama Avyo. have vicAravAnuM e che ke-bhagavAnane abhigraha te chadmasthAvasthAnA chellA comAsA pahelAM pUre thaI cUkyA che e zAstrasiddha vAta pramANapUrvaka upara batAvAI gaela che. bIjuM kAnanA upasargamAM te A anukrama bhAre bAdhaka thaI paDe che, kAraNa ke kazAmbInA cemAsA pachI. tenI AsapAsa vicaryA, ane poSa mAse abhigraha lIdhA. pachI lagabhaga cha mAse (pAMca divasa ochA) jeTha mAse abhigraha pUro thayA bAda ane comAsu besatA pahelAnA vacagALAnA ekAda mAsanA samayamAM sumaMgaLa, suchitta, pAlaka vigere gAmamAM vicaryA kyAre? eka mAsamAM temaNe cemAsu kayAM karI lIdhuM? pachI vihAra karIne chammANi kayAre pahoMcyA ? upasarga kyAre thayo ? e vigere badhI bAbatene meLa eka ja mAsamAM bese zI rIte? eka cemAsA mATeja cAra mAsa te joIe. vaLI e paNa lakSyamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke kezAmbIthI bhagavAna sIdhA chanmANa gayA hoya evo ullekha nathI. chammANimAM te gayA che caMpAmAM comAsu karyA pachI ane kAnanA upasarganI hakIkata te caMpAnA comAsA pachInA vakhatamAM banelI che.

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( 73 ) vaLI kAnanA upasanI hakIkata, abhigraha pUrA thayA pachI ane kevaLajJAna thayA pahelA-vacagALAnA samayamAM anelI che. abhigraha pUrA thayA pahelA pazu nahIM ane kevaLajJAna thayA pachI paNa nahIM. tyAre have jo prA. bhAratavarSanA lekhakanI kAzAMkhInA AAmAsAnI ke te pachInA anukramanI kalpanA je kharI mAnavAmAM Ave te A badho meLa trikALamAM paNa koi rIte saMgata thAya nahIM. eTale e cAmAsA vigerenI tamAma hakIkatanA kramanI kalpanA tadna asaMgata, asaMbaddha ane nirmULa kare che. kharI hakIkata e che ke pAchaLa kahyuM tema kaiAzAstrImAM cAmAsu thayuM nathI paNa jeTha mahinAmAM abhigraha pUrA karI bhagavAna caMpAmAM AvyA. tyAM cemAsu karIne vicaratA vicaratA chammANi gayA ane tyAM kAnanA upasarga thayA. tyAMthI majhimapAvAmAM gayA. tyAM vaidya kAnanA khIlA kADhyA ane tyAMthI ja bhIyagAma AvyA. e avAntara hakIkatA pachI chadmasthAvasthAnuM chellu' cAmAsu pUruM karI kevaLajJAna kayAM thayuM e sthAna-prastuta viSayaupara AvIe. * prAcIna bhAratavarSa ' pustakamAM bhArarhutane ja bhIya gAma mAnI tenI pADeAzamAM vahetI sAna( suvarNa rekhA )nI eka peTA nadIne rijuvAlukA tarIke gaNAvI che. temAM lakhyuM che ke--

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( 74). hAlamAM te nadInuM nAma sona che. paNa te samaye hiraNyarekhA athavA suvarNarekhAnA nAmathI oLakhAtI hatI. eTale suvarNarekhAnuM sena nAma te apabhraMza tarIke paDyuM kahevAya. A nadInA AraMbhamAM tenAM be nAnAM phAMTA che. temAMnA eka bhAganI retI bahu ja bArIka, suMvALI ane sparzamAM mulAyama hovAthI tene "rUjuvAlukA" nAmathI saMbadhAyelI che. A peTA nadI jyAM hAlanA madhya prAMtamAM nAgaDa rAjya che, ane jenA bhArahuta gAme maTe stUpa mAluma paDyo che tyAMnI pADezamAM Avela che. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 302. A hakIkata bahu vicitra lAge che. vaLI Survey of India 4th edi. 1929 Sheet N. 63 Scale 1=16 miles. al dialogai rai bila delat. ke zAkhA vahetI hoya tema dekhAtuM nathI. vaLI nakazA parathI bhArahuta ane sana nadInuM aMtara bahu dUra-lagabhaga cAlIsa mAIla jeTaluM dUra-jaNAya che. Early History of India. edi. IV By Vincent Smith P. 170-71 ne nakaze paNa tenA purAvA tarIke maujUda che. jyAre pUrvadezamAM jaMbhIyagAma pAse juvAlukA nadI vahe che te satya ghaTanA che. svAmI nAma jJAviyA mA nadyA sanAthamatha jRmbhakasannivezam //

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( 5 ) eTale dakSiNa dezamAM AvelI kAi nadIvALA bhAraheta gAmane jalIyagAma mAnI zakAya tema nathI. vaLI ja'bhIyagAma pAvApurIthI bAra ceAjana dUra Avela che; jyAre * prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'nA hisAe sAMcIne pAvApurI mAnavAmAM Ave te paNa sAMcI ane bhArahuta vacce atyAre ja lagabhaga 200 maso mAilanuM aMtara che te kharI pAvApurI ane bhArahuta vacce keTalu' aMtara hAya te sheje anumAna thaI zake. vaLI bhArarhutathI, mAnelI pAvApurI (sAMcI ) eka rAtamAM cAlIne AvI zakAya e asabhava che jyAre bhagavAna te ja'bhIyagAmathI eka rAtamAM ja pAvApurI gayela che te zAstraprasiddha ghaTanA che. sphuTe mArge dina iva deve dyotena nizyapi / dvAdazayojanAdhvAnAM bhavya satvairalaMkRtAm // ApAvAmAma purIm // 28 // tri. za. nA 6, parva ? 0, pR. 64 jethI bhArahtane jabhIyagAma mAnavu' e mithyA kalpanA che, ema kahI zakAya. eTale kharI prAcIna tIrthaM bhUmi tarIke sarvasvIkRta ane jyAM kharekhara kevaLajJAna thayuM hatuM te kevalyaprAptisthAna jaMbhIyagrAma tA pUvadezAmAM pAvApurI pAse Avelu che.

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( 76 ) te ja vAstavika che. ane eka rAtrimAM AvavAnuM tyAM ja zakya che. nIcenI hakIkate paNa tene aMge jANavAjoga che. pArzvanAtha halana sametazikhara)thI dakSiNa pUrvamAM AjI (Ajaiy) nAmanI moTI nadI vahe che. A nadIne eka kAMThe lagabhaga be mAIla upara jamagrAma (Jamgram) nAmanuM prAcIna gAma che. ahiM jUne killo vigere paNa che. A gAma pArzvanAtha hilathI dakSiNa pUrvamAM lagabhaga pacAsa mAIla eTale pacIseka gAu thAya eTale evI kalpanA thaI zake che ke A AjI nadI e ja te vakhatanI uju (gu) nadI hoya ane A jamagrAma e ja te vakhatanuM jamIyagrAma hoya. prAcIna tIrthamALa saMgraha bhA. 1, pR. 33 TI. nayana vImamarAya pravAhita judI na ..C nahera garbhadeza atizaya vAlukApUrNa / (Encyclopaedia India (Bangali)prathama bhAga, pR.410). ajamatI-ajayanadera nAmAntara / uparanuM pustaka pR. 401 A badhI binAothI taddana saraLa rIte samajI zakAya che ke-dakSiNa dizAmAM madhya prAMtamAM Avela bhAraphata te bhayagAma ke bhagavAnanuM kaivalyadhAma nathI paNa pUrva dizAmAM pAvApurIthI bAra jojana dUra rajuvAlukA nadI upara AveluM saMbhIyagAma bhagavAnanuM kaivalyasthAna che.

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(77 ) : 10: pAvApurI kayAM AvyuM ? prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM pAvApurInI hakIkata, zodhakheLa (?) ane vaNane mATe nirAdhAra kalpanAonI je paraMparA calAvI che, ajJAnanuM je pradarzana bharyuM che, asatya ne AbhAsenI je bharamAra AdarI che ane vastuonI je khIcaDI karI dIdhI che te kharekhara samita ane sakheda Azcarya upajAve tevI che. eka sAmAnya mANasane paNa AvI bALaceSTAo karatAM saMkeca thAya. pAvApurInI dhaLa () karavAmAM pUrvadezamAM AveluM pAvApurI, dakSiNadeza-madhyaprAMtamAM pALa pAse AveluM sAMcI ane uttara pazcimamAM jodhapura pAse AveluM sAra e traNene eka gaNAvI dakSiNa dezamAM kharI pAvApurImahAvIranI nirvANabhUmi havAne nirNaya apAya che. temAM saMcI, sAMcI, saMcInagarI, saMcIpurI, saMcayapurI, saccapurI, saccIpurI, satyanagara, sAranagara, vidizA, parvatapurI ane tethI pAvApurI AvA eka bIjA satya ane asatya apabhraMza zabdo banAvI, eka bIjA zaherane te apabhraMza zabda lAgu karI, pAvApurI, sAMcI ane sAcArane khIcaDo karI khUba khUba bhramaNA phelAvI mUkI che. prAcIna bhAratavarSanAM avataraNe tapAsatAM te AsAnIthI mAluma paDI Ave che.

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( 7 ) (1) sacI athavA sAMcI aMgrejImAM tene Sanchi" lakhAya che, eTale tene gujarAtImAM vAMcatA, sa'cI athavA sAMcI ane tarIke vAMcI zakAya. matalaba ke te anne zabdo eka ja sthAnanA nAmanA che. (2) A nAma jaina graMthAmAM temAM tene saccapurI kahI che. pachI zabda te A saccapurInA apabhraMza rIte ja ceAjAyA hoya ke pachI te banne sa'cI-pazu bhinna bhinna heAya te eka judI ja vAta che. paNa najare paDe che. vatamAnakALanA sacI thayA hAya ke svataMtra sthAne saccIpurI ane prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 186 ( 3 ) jaina granthamAM tenuM nAma Ave che. tevA tA aneka prasaMgeA haze; paNa e mukhyapaNe hoi te jaNAvIza. te emAM je vizeSa prAcIna manAya che temAM saccIpurI zabda che jyAre, arvAcIna che temAM vidizA zabda che. pramANeA ApatAM TIppaNamAM lakhe cheH-- (4) (TI. aa.) jagaciMtAmaNi nAmaka eka sUtra che...temAM eka gAthA A pramANe cheH-- jayau sAmI jaya sAmI risaha sattu jI, ujjita pahu nemijiNuM ca, jayau vIra saccami Dagu AmAM je saccauriae te saccapuri=satyapurI samajavAnI che. ( TI. va. ) khIjA sUtranI racanAne samaya chaeN.sa. seALamI sadInA che. meAgalasamrATa akabaranA samaye,

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( 7 ) kavi samayasuMdara karIne, jena zramaNa thaI gayA che. temaNe A stavana racyuM che. temAMnuM eka caraNa A che - pUrva dizi pAvApurI, kahe bharI re, mukti gayA mahAvIra, tIratha te namuM re. (artha ...) A kaDIne sudhArIne vAMcavA jarUra che. "pUrva vidizi pAvApurI (pApApurI) zraddhe bharI re" mULa A zabda hovo joIe, paNa lahAA vidizAne badale dizA zabda lakhI dIdho jaNAya che. prA. bhA bhA. 1, pR. 186-88. (5) have A banne kaDIo (prAcIna ne arvAcIna) ekaThI karIzuM te ema bhAvArtha nIkaLaze ke, zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANu satyapUri-saracIpurI athavA bIjI rIte pAvApurI nagarImAM thayuM che ane dehano aMta te hamezAM eka jagyAe ja hoya, kAMI be bhinna bhinna jagyAe na heya. jethI mAnavuM paDaze ke, satyapurI ne pAvApurI te ane eka ja nagarI che. pachI eka ja nagarInAM judA judA para hoya te judI vAta gaNAya. (6) chatAM meM jema sUcavyuM che tema "vidizA" zabda na letAM, jema kaDImAMnuM caraNa atyAre gavAtuM AvyuM che tema, pUrva dizA ema ja rAkhavuM hoya te evo artha ghaTAvo rahe che ke-avaMti dezanI pUrva dizAne je bhAga che. temAM RddhithI bharapUra evI pAvApurI nagarI AvelI che,

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( 8 ) ane te nagarImAM zrI mahAvIranI mukti thavA pAmI che. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 188 TI. (7) A. S. I. (Imp Ser.Vol X. 1874-75 & 76-77) pRSTha 58 mAM.........." purUvidA disAgiri putAnadAnama" AvA zabdo ke tarAvAyA che, ema granthanA lekhaka sara kaniMgahAma jaNAve che. A zabdamAM ApaNI kaDIvALA pUrvadizi pAvApurI zabdanI kAMI gaMdha Ave che ke? prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 189 TI. (8) meMgalasamrATa akabaranA samaye samayasuMdara nAme eka kavi ne lekhaka thayA che. temaNe racela tIrthamALAnA stavanamAM lakhyuM che ke : pUrve vidizAe pAvApurI......." jo ke kaDImAM, rAsa meLavavA kAje haya, ke lekhaka ke lahIyAnI, bhUla thaI hoya, game te kAraNa hoya, paNa te gAthAmAM "pUrva dize pAvApUrI" AvA apabhraMza thayela zabda najare paDe che. paNa kharI rIte te zabda, meM je pramANe upara sudhAryA che te pramANe hevA joIe. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 17 TI. (9) je saccI purI ja zabda hoya te te mAgadhI che ane tenuM saMskRta nAma satyapurI kahevAya. athavA purIne sthAne nagara zabda vApare te satyanagara kahevAya. ane satyanagarane mAgadhImAM bela te sAcAranagara kahevAya. sIpurI

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( 81 ) athavA sAcAranagara te eka ja sthAnadazaka be za thayA. prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 188, (10) "eTale eka vastu upara dhyAna jAya che ke, te pradezamAM aneka stUpane samUha Avela hovAthI.saMcayasaMgraha tarIke ekaThA karela hovAthI tenuM nAma saMcayapUrI karAvI devAmAM AvyuM hoya. ane kaI buddhizALIe, temAMthI paNa sudhArIne, mULa nAma je saccIpurI hatuM tene anurUpa thaI paDe tevuM ja nAma banAvIne, saMcayapurIne badale saMgIpurI goThavI dIdhuM hoya, to te banavAjoga che. A pramANe A nagarInA nAmane lagate ItihAsa saMbhavita gaNI zakAya." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 189-90 saMcIpurI nAma te pAchaLathI gAThavAyuM lAge che. bAkI kharuM nAma te satyapurI haze. jene mAgadhI bhASAmAM saccapuri kahevAya ane tenuM rUpAMtara thaI saMcI-saMcayapurI nAma paDyuM lAge che. " prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 15 (11) "atyAre jene prajAne mukhya bhAga zrI mahAvIranI nirvANabhUmi mATe pAvApurI nAmanuM sthaLa to mAne che ja, paNa tenuM sthAna TheTha baMgALa IlAkAmAM jaNAvI rahyA che. jyAre te sthAna tyAM na hoI zake, paNa A avaMtinA pradezamAM ja che ema, AvA prakAranA etihAsika purAvAthI jaNAvI zakAya che." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 10

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( 82 ) (6 A vidizA athavA sAMcI nagarane jaina tIrthasthAna tarIke ja gaNavAmAM Avyu che. " prA. lA. bhA. 1, pR. 198 upara pramANe echAmAM echA agiyAra pAritrApha lIdhA che. have ApaNe te upara kramazaH vicAra karIe. pArigrApha 1 aMgrejI zabdo ke akSara uparathI ApaNe ApaNA itihAsa ghaDavAne nathI e yAda rAkhavuM ghaTe. aMgrejo peAtAnI azaktine lIdhe evI ghaNI bhUleA kare che tethI ApaNe paNa tene cIle cAlI ApaNuM sAhitya, ghaTanA ane itihAsa bagADI na zakAya. aMgrejIne pramANu gaNI .prastuta pustakamAM keTalIka bhUleA thaI che te pAchalA prakaraNeAmAM jaNAvAyu' paNa che, vAstavamAM sacI ane sAMcI e e zabda nathI. sAMcI eka ja zabda khare che. hiMdI bhASAmAM pazu tene sAMcI ja kahe che. hindI bhASAnA pustakAnA sahAre lIdhe hAta tA AvI bhUle na banavA pAmata. pArigrApha 2 saccapurI uttarapazcimamAM jodhapura pAse mAravADamAM che. te jodhapura sTeTanuM gAma che; jyAre sAMcI dakSiNa dizAmAM madhyaprAMtamAM bheApALa pAse bhopALa sTeTanu gAma che. te banne judI bhUmimAM, judI dizAmAM judA judA gAme che, te banne koI kAmanA apabhraMza nathI; svataMtra zaheza che.

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( 83 ) pArigrApha 3-4 jagaciMtAmaNinuM caityavaMdana ane tImALAnuM stavana temAM pramANu tarIke rajU karAyAM che. vAstavamAM jagaciMtAmaNi caityavadanamAM jodhapura sTeTanu saccaranu vana batAve che-sAcAra tInI stuti-vaMdana kare che. jyAre tIthamALAnuM stavana pUrva dizAmAM Avela bIhAranA pAvApurInuM vaNna kare che. te nathI sAMcI mATe ke nathI sAcera mATe. te ekalA pAvApurInuM ghAtaka che. * prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'nA lekhake te stavanamAMnA akSarAmAM heraphera karI-stavananA lAvAne vikRta karIne stavanane pAtAnI kalpanA taraph vALavAnA jIddI yatna karyAM che te kharekhara zaiAcanIya che. te stavanamAMnA mULa dizA zabdane badale vidizA zabda mUkI kharA atha pheravI nAkhyA che. dizA zabda ( uttara dakSiNa vigere dizAsUcaka zabda )ne vidizA (nagarI)nuM nAma banAvI dizA zabdathI vidizA nagarInuM sUcana karyu che; jyAre doSa mULa lekhaka ke lahiyAne atAvyA che e vaLI vadhu zeAcanIya che. je kharekhara satya che tene lahIyAnI bhUla mAnI, kharI vastune vikRta banAvI asatya hakIkatane janatA samakSa satya batAvavAno prayatna karavA te narI dhRSTatA che. jagatamAM jo AvA ja itihAseA racAtA heAta tA kharA itihAsa ane kharI khAkhata jagatane jaData ja nahIM. vAstavamAM lahIyAnI je bhUla batAve

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( 84 ), che te jalahIyAnuM lakhANa ja zuddha hakIkata rajU kare che... tenuM kharuM lakhANa AvuM che. pUrava dizi pAvApurI addha bharI re; mugatI gayA mahAvIra tIratha te namuM re. tIrthamALA stavana" 6ThThI kI pArigrApha 5 have AgaLa jatAM te banne jagaciMtAmaNi ane tIrthamALA stavana)nI kaDIone meLavIne pUrva ane pazcima dizAne khIcaDo karI nAkhavAmAM Avyo che ane AgaLa vadhIne te bane sthAnamAMthI sAMcIne janma ApavA mathe che te ApaNe joIzuM. dehamukti eka ThekANe thAya e kharuM paNa e dehamukti pAvApurImAMthI UThI sAra ane sAMcImAM zI rIte AvI zake? vaLI dehamuktine eka ja sthaLe batAvavA mATe pAvApurI ane sAcArane parAM batAvI dIdhA. paNa e parAM kaI nagarInAM hatAM te paNa sAthe sAthe batAvavuM joItuM hatuM. para"thI artha e nIkaLI zake ke pAvApurIthI laIne sAcAra sudhInI ane tenI AsapAsanI eka ja nagarI hatI ane ghATakepara ne vilepAralA jema muMbaInA be parAM che tema pAvApurI ane sAcora e be paNa keI nagarInAM parAM hovAM joIe ema spaSTapaNe ja lakhI nAkhavuM joItuM hatuM. AvI badhI kilaSTa kalapanA zA mATe karavI paDe che ane ItihAsane Ama zA mATe vikRta karavuM paDe che e kaLavuM muzkela che..

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( 85 ) pArivrApha 6 99 AmAM vaLI eka ajaba kalpanA ApaNane vAMcavA maLe che. A pArigrAphamAM pUrva dizA zabdathI " avaMti dezanI pUrva dizAmAM Avelu " ema atha kADhavAmAM AvatA hoya tema dekhAya che, paraMtu pUrva dizAmAM kalpelA vidizA zabda nIkaLI gayA pachI pUrva dizA mAtrathI ja ati ke ati dezanI pUrva dizAnA saMbaMdha kyAM maLI zake che? atinA sabaMdha te vidizAne mAnIne hateA paraMtu vidizA zabda ja je khATA siddha thAya te pUrva dizA mAtrathI ati dezanA saMbaMdha AvI zake nahIM. 'mUha nApti ta: gAvA ? ' vaLI atimAM e stavana racAyuM hAya tevA stavanamAM kAMya ullekha nathI ke jethI avatinI kalpanA karI zakAya. eTale'pUrvadezA ema rAkhavuM hoya te ' ema saMzayAtmaka nahIM paNa pUrva dizAe ja satya ne nizcayAtmaka che e ApaNe pramANapUrvaka joizu. pArDaragrApha 7 AmAM lipi ane teneA atha khannenuM bhArAbhAra ajJAna mAlUma paDe che. te zilAlekhanA kharA zabdo A pramANe cheHpuruvikA vijJAniriputAnuM va[ ] | ' - tenA atha e che ke 66 The gift of the sons of Disagiri( Disagiri) from Paruvida. Epigraphica Indica Vol. II, P. 387

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( 8 ) puruviDAmAMthI disAgirinA putro taraphathI dAna. " eve atha te zilAlekhanA zabdonA thAya che. e zabdomAM pAvApurI ne pUrva dizA kacAMthI sa'bhave te samajAtuM nathI. yA te temaNe lipi jANavI joItI hatI yA teneA atha meLavavAnI kAzIza karavI joitI hatI. itihAsamAM AvA anarthoM UbhA karavA te AAbhAspada na kahevAya. HH sara kaniMgahAmane temAM havAle apAce che paNa te teA bhrAmaka che; kAraNa ke kani MgahAme e zabdo lakhyA che eTalA pUratA ja tenA Azaya che, kintu kaniMgahAma tenA e atha kare che evu lakhyu nathI. (vaLI kaniMgahAme te lekhanA zabdo zuddha rUpe lIdhA che jyAre prAcIna bhAratava mAM te lekhanA zabdomAM paNa vikRti karavAmAM AvI che. ) kAi paNa buddhizALI AvA a kare nahIM. e zabdomAM pAvApurI ke pUrva dizAnI jarA paNa gadha sarakhI AvatI nathI. pArigrApha 8 A pArigrAphamAM itihAsanA ja droha karavAmAM Avye che. peAte mAnelA UlaTA athavALA zakhsa kartAnA mULa lakhANamAM lakhI dIdhA che, je kharI rIte aitihAsika droha karavA kharAkhara che. sudhArAvadhArA karavA hAya ke peAtAnuM svataMtra maMtavya rajU karavu hAya teA te pAchaLathI karI zakAya, paraMtu peAtAnI mAnyatA mULa kartAnA lakhANamAM na mUkI zakAya. kartAnu, zilAlekhanuM ke prazastinu kAMi paNa lakhANa jemanuM tema ja rAkhavu joie.

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( 87 ) e te ThIka paNa je kharI hakIkata che tene apabhraMza mAnI che ane kalpanAbharyA zabdane satya mAnya che, e kAMI ochuM anarthakAraka nathI. pAvApurI saMbaMdhI prAcIna lekhake, aitihAsika puruSa, lahIyAo vigere badhA ya, lekhakane bhUlavALA ane bhUkha lAgyA che ane "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakanA kAlpanika lakhANe ja satya hakIkata che; zuM ema kahevAne Azaya che? pArigrApha 9 AmAM saMskRta prAkRta zabdanI vyutpatti ne utpatti karI dekhAya che. temAM saracIurinuM saMskRta rUpa satyapurI batAvyuM che ane satyanagaranuM prAkRta rUpa sAcAra batAvyuM che, paNa te banne asatya che. saccapuri je prAkRta hoya te tenuM saMskRta nAma satyapuri nahIM paNa satIpuri thAya; paNa te nAma ja azuddha che; jyAre satyanagaranuM prAkRta rUpa sAcAra nahIM paNa saccanayara thAya. tene vyAkaraNanA sUtra sAthe vadhu samajAvI zakAya paNa vyAkaraNa carcavuM ahIM asthAne che. sAcAra e saMskRta nAma nathI tema prAkRta nAma paNa nathI. te te pracalita bhASAne zabda che. pArigrApha 10 ahI paNa eka navIna kalpanAne bhAsa thAya che. saMcayapurI ItihAsamAM kayAMya najare paDatuM nathI. vaLI saMcIpurInuM nAma saMcayapurI karAvI devuM ane keAI buddhizALIe saMcIpurI nAma goThavI devuM AvI mArmika kalpanAo ane aitihAsika

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{ 88 ) tarapha vyaMgya lakhI lekhaka kaceA Azaya samajAvavA mAge che te samajavuM agharuM nathI. zu' prAcIna sUtro, graMthA ane itihAsa badhA 'prAcIna bhAratavaSa' pustaka jevA kalpanApUrNa ja che ema kahevAnA Azaya che ? ke zAsrAmAM ane grathAmAM badhe buddhinI kuTilatA ja vAparI che eve! prAcIna granthakAro upara AkSepa mUkavAnA irAdo che ? saMcaya uparathI saMcayapurI ane sa`cayapurIthI sacIpurI ane saMcIpurInI kalpanA te kharAkhara enA jevI che ke kAI srIne garbha rahyo DAya ane tethI ulaTIo thAya eTale kAI DAkaTara kalpanA kare ke te strIne kAlerA thayAnA sa'bhava che. pArigrApha 11 jaina prajA-vetAMbara, digabara-atyAra sudhI bIhAra pAse pUdezamAM pAvApurI mAnatI AvI che. zAsrakArA, tIthamALAo, jaina-jainetara itihAsavettAo, bauddho temaja pUrvIya ne pAzcAtya vidyAnA paNa tene ja pAvApurI mAne che. mAtra mAne che eTaluM ja nahIM, satya aitihAsika hakIkata ja e che. uparanI badhI mAM-mAthA vagaranI kalpanA che ke pAvApurI nagarInA ItihAsa rajU karyAM che te kahevuM agharuM' nathI. ane e badhI kalpanAne AdhAre evA niNya ApavAmAM Avye che ke pAvApurI maMgALamAM nathI pazu avatinA pradeza ( dakSiNa bhArata )mAM che, te badhI rIte ayukta che-bALaceSTA che. e saMbadhI prAcarcAmAM jaNAve ke (12) " prathama jaNAvavAnu ke A be vastu (jagaciMtAmaNi

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( 8 ) caityavaMdana tathA tIrthamALAnuM stavana) meM pramANa-purAvArUpe rajU ja karI nathI. te te mAtra te sthAnanuM mAhAbhya gAtAM kathana che ema jaNAvyuM che eTale ke temAM AvAM nAme Ave che eTaluM ja sUcana karyuM che. " jena' 26-4-36 parigrApha 12 te be vastu purAvArUpe nathI ema zA uparathI kahevAya ? purAvAne bIjuM zuM bAkI hoya ? te banne bAbatane ItihAsa, racanAkALa, kartA vigere badhI sAbitI ApI, jaina graMtha tarIke batAvI, tenI prAcInatA arvAcInatAne khyAla ApI je mukhyapaNe lAgyA te be pramANurUpe rajU karyA chatAM lakhe che ke te purAvA tarIke nathI ! ghaDIbhara mAnI laIe ke te purAvArUpe nathI, te pachI pAvApurI saMbaMdhI je hakIkate lakhI te kALakalpita ja samajAya; kAraNa ke sAMcI ke sAcerane pAvApurI tarIke gaNavA ane tene mATe pramANa na ApavA ne kevaLa kalapanAo karavI, te kalapanAne ItihAsanuM rUpa ApavuM, e vidvAnemAM ghaDIbhara paNa pramANita na manAya. e to ThIka paNa pAvApurInI hakIkta saMbaMdhI e be bAbatene "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAMthI kADhI nAkhavAmAM Ave te kevaLa kalpanAo ja bAkI rahe che. vaLI e kalapanAnA AdhAra paNa mukhya e be vastuo ja che. e be vastu nIkaLI jAya te kalapanAne paNa

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( 10 ). avakAza nathI. eTale "e be vastu purAvArUpe nathI" ema kahIne te lekhaka pote ja potAnA paga para kuhADo mAre che. vaLI kharI rIte je purAvA nathI ja te aitihAsika purAvA ema ThekANe ThekANe lakhyuM che te kayA AdhAre? A badhI binAthI ema spaSTa dekhAya che ke kAM te sAMcI saMbaMdhI vicitra ghelachA sevAI che athavA puruvidA." nA zilAlekhanI mAphaka sAMcI saMbaMdhI ghora ajJAna dekhADAyuM che. sAcI hakIkata zodhavA jatAM AkhI bAjI UMdhI vaLI jAya tema che. - have pAvApurInI, sAMcInI ane sAcAranI kharI hakIkata zI che te tapAsIe. sAra-satyapura e satya binA che ke sAra-satyanayara, sAMcI ane pAvApurI traNe bhinna sthaLe bhinna dizAmAM che. temAM sAcAranI hakIkata ApaNe joIe ne sAthe sAthe etihAsika purAvA paNa rajU karIe. " (2) naya3 vIra sarimaMDaLa | jagacintAmaNi caityavaMdana. (2) satyapurano mAgadhI 154 saccaura bhane saccaura / / apabhraMza te sAra. (3) e gAmanuM asala saMskRta nAma satyapura che, ene.

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( 81 ) prAkRta ubhyA2 saccaura thapaSTa iyAMtara sAcora manyuM che. jai. sA. saMzodhaka 1884, Azvina, pR. 244.. (4) vajI AtAM satyapurI bhATe saccAurI patharAya che. saccaura ne saccaurI yethe sabhAnArtha zamho che. pAi asaddamahaNNavo pR. 1072. ( 5 ) iheva jambuddIve dIve bhArahe vAse marumaNDale saccauraM nAma nayaraM / jamUdrIpanA bharatakSetramAM mAravADamAM satyapura nAmanuM nagara che. vividhatIrthakalpa, pR. 28. (6) moDhere vAyaDe kheDe nANake palyAM matuNDake, muNDasthale, zrImAlapattane, upakezapure, kuNDagrAme, satyapure, TaMkAyAM ..... naMdivardhana - koTibhUmau vIraH / vividhatIrthakalpa, pR. 86. ( 7 ) zrIpArzvaM praNamAmi satyanagare zrIvardhamAnaM tridhA / paMca pratikramaNa pR. 217 ( 8 ) pazcimAM dizamAzritya parispandaM vinA'calat / prApa satyapuraM nAma puraM paurajanottaram // 224 // tatra zrImanmahAvIra - caitye nitye pade iva / dRSTe sa paramAnanda - mAsasAda vidAMvaraH // 225 // RSabhapaJcAzikA pR. 16.

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( 92 ) uparanA e zlAka prabhAvakacaritramAM prabhAcaMdra gaNie mahendrasUripramanyamAM mahAkavi dhanapALane uddezIne kahelA traNa leAkeAmAMnA che. (9) sirikannaujjhanaravaikAriyabhavaNaMmi kIradArumae / terasavaccharasaie vIrajiNo jayau saccaure || 85 // vidhipakSagacchIya pratikramaNa pR. 168. (0) mori zrIvIniLandra | prA. tI. mA. o, pR. {03. A sAceAra gAma DIsAthI 40 mAila dUra mAravADamAM Avelu che. jodhapura sTeTane tAbe che ane uttara-pazcima dizAmAM che. A sAcAra ane pAvApurI vacce tathA sAcAra ane sAMcI vacce keTalu aMtara che te bhaugolika nakazA uparathI sArI rIte samajI zakAya tema che. sAcAra e pAvApurI paNa nathI tema sAMcI paNa nathI. ane te kAi nagarInuM paruM hAvA saMba MdhenA kAMi ullekha paNa nathI. eTale sAcAra e svataMtra zahera che. tene mATe bIjA paNa aneka purAvA che paNa tatsaMbadhe lakhANu karavu ya che. saccapurI keTalI ? 'prAcIna bhAratavaSa"nA lekhaka saccIpurI khAmata vizeSa prakAza pADatAM saccIpurI e hAvAnI kalpanA kare che : eka kalyANakabhUmi tarIke, bIjI tIrthabhUmi tarIke,

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( 93 ) te paNa rasika viSaya hAi vAcakAe vicAravA jevI mAmata che. teo keTaleka sthaLe lakhe cheH 77 " te anne ( saccIpurI ane saMcI ) eka ja nagara che, ane tenI sAthe jaina dharmanA eka tInuM mAhAtmya guMthAyalu che. * prAcIna bhAratavarSa ' bhA. 1, pR. 186 tIrthasthAna ' A vidizA athavA sAMcI nagarane jaina tarIke ja gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. " * prAcIna bhAratavaSa ' bhA. 1, rR, 198 " sAMcI e mahAvIranuM tIthasthaLa che e satyapUrNa che. " , prAcIna bhAratavaSa sA. 2, pR. 195 "...satyapura mArI samaja che, te kalyANakabhUmi nathI ja; mAhAtmya gAi rahyo chuM te teA kalyANakabhUmi che. " 66 pramANe eka tIdhAma ja jyAre ke je saccIpurInu' A uparathI eka anumAna dArI zakAya tema che ke zrI jinaprabhasUri mahArAjanI pUrve keTalAya samaye e saccIri ( satyapura ke sa'cIpurI ) haze ane te anne sAthe zrI mahAvIra prabhunA tItha tarIke ahIMyA joDAyela haze. pachI eka (saMcIpurI) temanI kalyANakabhUmi tarIke ane bIjI ( satyapura ) temanI mUrtinI sthApanAnA tI dhAma tarIke A bemAMthI prathama viSenuM smaraNa raste raphate,....prajAnI yAdImAMthI khasI gayuM' ane kevaLa majAnI mAhitI ja rahI gaI. pachI thADA DhALa gaye tyAM zrI jinaprabhasUrinA samaya

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( 94 ). AvyA ane temaNe tIrthakalpa racyuM. temaNe pelA bIjA sthAnane (satyapura-hAlanA AsArane) ja mahimA vaNuM .....matalaba ke, eka ja nAmanA ane eka ja prabhunA be tIrthasthaLa-eka tIrthadhAma ane bIjuM kalyANaka tIrtha- hovAthI A badhI muzkelI UbhI thavA pAmI hoya ema jaNAya che." jaina" ra6-4-36 je lekhaka saccaurine sAMcI tarIke gaNAvI sacaurinuM nAmanizAna mITAvI devA mathe che te lekhaka amuka sagomAM AvI be saccauri gaNAvA taiyAra thAya che ! ItihAsa ane sthAne zuM mANasanI kalpanA pramANe racAtA ne maTI jatA haze ke ? temanuM Ama lakhavuM ke "satyapura mArI samaja pramANe eka tIrthadhAma che, te kalyANakabhUmi nathI ane saccapurI te kalyANakabhUmi che." e keTaluM avAstavika che.? lekhaka, pArigrApha na. 9mAM jyAM saurine satyapuranI zabda vyutpatti kare che tyAM satyapura ane saccIurine eka gaNAve che ane ahIM tIrthabhUmi ane kalyANakabhUmi tarIke satyapura ne saccIurine judA judA gaNAve che. vaLI pR. 186, 1lpa temaja 18 upara je saccIpuri ane satyapurane tIrthasthaLa tarIke varNavyA che ne satyapUrNa batAvyA che. ane praznacarcAmAM lakhe che ke "huM te kalyANakabhUmi tarIke varNavI rahyo chuM!" bolavAne ane lakhavAne kAMI niyama che ke "muvamastIti vacce !" A to vyAghAta ane paraspara virodha, buddhinI ane jJAnanI kevI dayAmaNI sthiti pedA karI de che!

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( 5 ) sAcAra saMbaMdhI praznacarcAmAM satyapuranI badhI hakIkata svIkAre che paNa sAthe sAthe eka bIjI sucIurinI paNa kalpanA karI che. eka sacIuri tIrthasthaLa tarIke ane bIjI kalyANakabhUmi tarIke. ane be saccIurinI kalapanA karI eka saurine te zrI jinaprabhasUri pahelA ja prajAnI yAdImAMthI paNa khesavI dIdhI. atyAra sudhI keIne te vastu yAda na AvI te have "prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lekhakane yAda AvI, kAraNa ke zAstromAM kayAMya paNa be saggIkarIne ullekha tha ya ema mAlUma nathI. je be sIuri hata te jema be pAvApurIne ItihAsamAM sthaLe sthaLe ullekha che tema be saccIharine paNa ullekha ItihAsamAM keIka sthaLe te avazya maLata. AthI te evuM anumAna thAya che ke eka asatyane DhAMkavA asatyanI paraMparA UbhI karavI paDe che. mahAnubhAva, itihAsapremIne A dharma nathI. asatya vastune game tema kalpanA karI satya TharAvavAnI tANutANI ane te paNa ItihAsanA viSayamAM e haTha pakaDI rAkha bhAspada nathI. je pramANayukta nathI te choDI devuM ane pramANayukta hoya tene svIkAra kare, e aitihAsika puruSanuM lakSaNa che. vaLI zrI. jinaprabhasUrie jema " tIrthabhUmi " mATe sacapura tathA " racyuM che tema kalyANakabhUmi mATe * apApA bahatka5 " paNa racyuM che. kalyANakabhUmi pAvApurI mATe te eka nahI be kapa racyA che. ethI e

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( 96 ) svataH nizcita thaI jAya che ke tI sthaLa karyuM ane kalyANakabhUmi kai ? ItihAsamAM jema jema UMDA utarAya tema tema vigatA ane hakIkatA vizeSa pramANamAM maLe. jemane kAMI vAMcavuM ja nathI ane mAtra khATA macAva karavA managhaData game tevI kalpanAe karavI che temane mATe duniyAmAM ze| ilAja hAI zake ? kharI rIte saccIri e nathI paNa eka ja che; ane te sAcAranA rUpamAM atyAre pazu hayAta che. sAMcI sAcAranuM dizAsthAna ane saMkhyA nakkI thayA pachI sAMcInI dizA ne sthAna nakkI karIe. sAMcI e bheApALa pAse Avelu bApALa sTeTanu gAma che. tenA game teTalA upanAme!ApIe ke game teTalA apabhraMzA karI batAvavAmAM Ave te paNa te pAvApurI nathI thaI javAnu e Historical fact and eternal truth che eTale sAMcI paNa sAcAra ane pAvApurIthI bhinna eka judu ja gAma che. pAvApurI sAthe tene kaze paNa saMbaMdha nathI. tenuM kharuM nAma sAMcI che. maMtrI ke saMcIpurI e nAmeA ja khATAM dekhAya che. hindI bhASAmAM tene sAMcI ja kahe che. tenI hakIkatanA have pramANA joie. (?) mAMnI nAma kharu che. maMtrI nahIM. tibbatameM savA barasa, pR. 11.

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( 87) ( 2 ) azoka ke dharmalekha pR. 42, 49, 389. (3) Geographical Dic, of Anc. Medevial India P. 256 Hi Hifi qve qudi >. Sanchi-( 1 ) Santi, ( 2 ) Kakanada, ( 3 ) Chetiyagiri. ( 4 ) Vessanagar, about 6 miles to the south-west of Bhilsa. sAMthI- zAMti-aunAha - thaityagiri - mesanagara; misAthI naiRtya khUNAmAM Azare cha mAIla 62 che. Geographical Dictionary by De. P. 256 ( 4 ) savere maiM sAMcI pahuMca kara use dekhane gayA / kabhI khayAla AtA thA ki yahI vaha sthAna haiM jahAM azoka ke putra mahendra siMhala meM dharmapracArArtha hamezAM ke lie prasthAna karane se pUrva kitane hI samaya taka rahe the / yahI sthAna hai, jahAM buddha kA zuddhatama dharmasthaviravAda magadha chor3a zatAbdioM taka rhaa| usI samaya tathAgata ke do pradhAna ziSyoM - mahAn sAriputra, aura maudgalyAyana kI zarIra asthiyAM yahAM vizAla sundara stUpoM meM rakkhI gaI thIM, jo aba landana ke myuz2iyama kI zobhA bar3hA rahI haiM / -S tibbata meM savA barasa pR. 191 (5) sAMcIne kAkanAda paNa kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM ema gupta sa. 93 nA sAMcInA zilAlekha uparathI samajAya che.

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(98) (6) A guide to Sanchi, bhepALa rAjyanI hindI bhULa vigere pustaka prakAzita thaI gayAM che. te sivAya sAMcInI hakIkata batAvanArA bIjA paNa aneka pustake prakAzita thayAM che, jethI tenI kharI hakIkata ApaNane jANavA maLe che. uparanA pramANothI e sAbita thAya che ke sAMcI e sAcora ke pAvApurIthI bhinna sthAna che. pAvApurI sAcAra ane sAMcInI vigate jANyA pachI e nirNata thAya che ke A banne sthAnene pAvApurI sAthe koI saMbaMdha nathI; jyAre "prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM pustaka vAcatAM prazna e udbhave che ke pAvApurI kyAM AvyuM ane tenI hakIkata zI che? have ApaNe prastuta viSaya vicArIe. zarUAtamAM jANavAnuM ke pAvApurI eka nahIM paNa be che. eka jainenuM tIrthasthaLa-vIranirvANabhUmi pAvApurI ane bIjuM bauddhonuM pAvApurI. (1) There were at least two cities of this name. One was near Kushinagara and has been indentified with the village Padarvana, twelve miles to the N. N. E. of Kasia. The other was the place where Mabavira died. This is still a famous place of a pilgrimage for the Jains and situated within the Behar sub-devision.

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( 9 ). A (pAvApurI ) nAmanA be nagare hatAM. eka kuzInagara pAsenI pAvApurI-kasIyAthI bAra mAIla dUra IzAna khUNAmAM Avela hatI. e pAvApurI ane paDavaNa nAmanuM gAma eka ja che ema manAya che. bIjI pAvApurI mahAvIranuM nivaNasthAna hatuM. te bahAra vibhAgamAM Avela che. hajI paNa te jainonuM yAtrA mATenuM prasiddha dhAma che. Ancient Indian History and civilisation P. 602 By Majmudar. (2) Pava: the Buddha bere visited Cunda and fell ill by eating Sukarmadda va. He recovered and started for Kusbinara, on his way. He crossed the Kakuttha river, reached Ambayana, proceeded to the Sala grove of the Mallas, near Kushinara and died there. pAvA-buddha bhagavAne ahIM cuMDanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. sUkaramadravanuM bhakSaNa karavAthI teo ahIM bImAra paDI gayA hatA. mAMdagImAMthI sAjA thayA bAda teo kuzInArA javA upaDyA hatA. mArgamAM kakutha nadIne oLaMgIne teo AMbAvana pahoMcyA hatA. tyAMthI kuzInAra pAse AvelA mallonA zALamaMDa5mAM gayA jyAM temanuM nivaNa thayuM hatuM. Geography of Early Buddhism By B. C. Law. P. 15

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(100) ( 3 ) pAvA - paDaraunA ( = kasayA se bAraha mIla uttara pUrva ) yA pAsa kA papaura gAMva / buddhacaryA, pR0 376 TI. ( 4 ) pAvA - paDaraunA ke samIpa papa - ura ( = pAvA - pura ) ji0 gorakhapura / buddhacaryA, pR. 487 TI. (5) veluvagAMva se buddhadeva malloM ke aneka gAMva ghumate hue pAvA pahuMce / ... pAvA se ve kusinAra kI tarapha, jo hiraNyavatI (gaMDaka ) nadI ke taTa para thA, ravAnA hue| bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ji. 1, pR0 368 (6) Pava,... with Padraona, and ancient city on the Gandak, twelve miles north-east of Kushinagar, the last place visited by Buddha before he reached Kushinagar, where he died. yuddhabhagavAne nirvANa agAu pAvAnI chellI mulAkAta sIdhI hutI. Geographical Ancient M. India P. 155. (7) PAWA-Between it and Kushinagara was 8 stream called the Kukuttha, where Buddha bathed himself. vaLI buddha bhagavAne pAvA ane kuzInagara vaccenA katya nAmanI eka nadImAM snAna karyuM hatuM. Cunningham Ancient Geo. India P. 714.

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( 101 ) ( 8 ) egaM pAvAe majjhimAe hatthivAlassa raNNo rajjugasabhAe apacchima aMtarAvAsaM vAsAvAsa uvAgae / bhagavAna mahAvIre pAtAnuM chelluM cAmAsu madhyama pAvAmAM rAjA hasthivAlanI racchuka sabhAmAM karyu. kalpasUtra sU. 122. I ( 9 ) majjhimapAvAe puvviM apAvApuriti nAmaM Asi / sakkeNaM pAvApurItti nAmaMkayaM / jeNa ittha mahAvIrasAmI kAlagao / ittheva ya purIe vaisAhasuddhaikArasIdivase jaMbhiyagAmAo ratiM bArasa joaNANi AgaMtUNa puvvaNhadesakAle mahAseNavaNe bhagavayA goamAigaNaharA khaM ( paM ? )DiyagaNaparivuDA dikkhiA ppamuiyA / vividhatIrthakalpa, pR. 44 (10) tIhAMthI(vaDagAmathI) pUrava dizi bhaNI citta cetA re trISu meza uDevAya pAvApurI raLIyAmaNI ci yete| re vIra mugatInI jAya 70 5 pAvA gAma jUdA vase ci purIya vase bhinna hAma; 0 kalyANaka zrI jinavIranA cihna kahIIM pAvA gAma. 50 6 prAcIna tIrthabhASA, lA. 1, pR. 82

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( 102 ) (11) kAza trig a tihAMthakI pAvApurIaprasiddhojI, jaLa thaLa sthUla jIhAM bhalA chaThThAM jaLatihAM jina siddhocha zrI jinavara Ima upasi khAra jocaNu ja'bhIcagAmathI deva kIdhA udyoteAjI; trigaDa" khIjaUpragaDA sama INa purivIra pa utajI.zrI12 paNi puri bahu pratizrRjhavyA khAMbhaNa saya caumAaAjI; gAcama gaNahara dikikhaA dikhI ca'namAleAjI.zrI013 prAcIna tIrthamALA, bhA. 1, pR. 6 ( 12 ) rAjagRhathI tIna kAsa pAvApura nayarI, rajjusabhAi vIranAha purhuttA sivanayarI; prA. tI. bhA. 1, pR. 17 (13) sametazikharathI jimaNuM" pAsa jaMbhIyagAma achai mahuvAsa; RjuvAlukA nadInai tIra kevaLa pAmyau zrI mahAvIra. devaU tava samavasaraNa kIdha ******........ pAvApurI Avai jINurAya. IMdrabhUti pramukha incAra ******** bhavika jIva pratimAthI karI anukramai AvaI pAvApura. 71 72 Gu

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(103) jIvita varasa bahutarI jANa puNya pApa phaLa kahaI sujANa; pradhAna adhyayana mani bhAvaI dhIra mugati patyA zrI mahAvIra. 76 prAcIna tIrthamALA bhA. 1, pR. 31 (14) sA apApA madhyamAdirbhavatu varapurI bhUtaye yaatrikebhyH| vividhatIrthakalpa, pR. 25 (15) sphuTe mArga dina iva devodyotena nizyapi / dvAdazayojanAdhvAnAM, bhavyasattvairalaMkRtAm // 17 // gotamAryaiH prabodhA: bhUriziSyasamAvRttaiH / yajJAya militairjuSTAma-pApAmagamat purIm // 18 // tasyA adUre puryAzca mahAsenavanAbhidham / / udyAne cAru samavasaraNaM vibudhA vyadhuH // 19 // tri. za. ca. parva 10, sarga 5, pR. 69 (16) titthanAho duvAlasajoyaNaMtariyAe majjhimAnayarIe gantuM pvtto| mahAvIra caritra ( zrI guNacaMdra kRta ) pR. 251 (17) tattha NaM je se pAvAe majjhimAe / kalpasUtra sU0 123

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(104) (18) tato ya bArasehiM joyaNehiM majjhimAnAma nagarI / AvazyakacUrNi pR. 324 ( 19) ikkArasIe a majjhimapAvAe mahaseNavaNe titthaM pytttti| vividhatIrthakalpa pR. 34 (20) majjhimapurammi patto siddhatthotattha asthi vaNI // 42 zrI nemicandra kRta mahAvIra caritra, pR. 97 (21) chammANi gova kaDasala pavesaNaM majjhimAe paavaae| Avazyaka sUtra hari. pR. 226 (22) ikkArasa vi gaNaharA savve uNNaya-visAlakulavaMsA pAvAe majjhimAe samosaDhA jannavADammi 592. Avazyaka sUtra hari. pR. 240 ( 23 ) Papa-Pavapuri-about 7 miles to the south-east of Behar ( town ). pApA-pAvApurI bIhAra gAmathI 7 mAIla dUra agni khUNAmAM Avela che. Geographical Ancient M. India P. 148 upara je ATalA badhA pramANe ApyA temAM kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niryukti, cUrNi, vividha tIrthakalpa, prAcIna tIrthamALAo, bhaugolika ane aitihAsika prAcIna agrejI pustake, bauddha grantha, rAhula sAMkRtyAyananA pustako vigere tamAmanA

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(15) pramANo ApyA che ane te badhAthI ema nizcita thAya che ke buddha ane mahAvIranI be pAvApurIo hatI ane te bane bhinna sthAnamAM hatI. jainanI pAvApurI pUrvadezamAM bahAra pAse AvelI che, te bahArathI cha mAIla, jaMbhIya gAmathI bAra ejana dara ane rAjagRhIthI 3 kesa dUra AvelI che. zrI mahAvIra eka ja rAtrimAM jalIya gAmathI pAvApurI padhAryA hatA ane tyAM sukasALa rajajukasabhAmAM temanuM nirvANa thayuM hatuM. je sAMcI ke sacaurine vIra nirvANabhUmi pAvApurI mAnavAmAM Ave che ke te kalpanA ja AkAzapuSpa jema asatya che ke te saMbhI gAmathI sAMcI ke saccauri bAra jana dUra nathI, bahArathI te sAta mAIla nathI ane rAjagRhIthI te traNa kesa nathI. vaLI pUrva dizAmAM nathI. eTale jabhIya gAmathI sAMcI ke sauri eka rAtrimAM AvI zakAya nahIM. eTale sAcI ke saurine pAvApurI mAnavI e eka vicitra kapanA che. kharI pAvApurI bIhAra pAse AvelI che te ja che ema zAstrothI ne prAcIna temaja arvAcIna ItihAsathI siddha thAya che. .: 11 : AyuddhAjha ayodhyA ke yaudheya ? prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM sAcudAza ane dhyAne koI sthaLe apabhraMza gaNAvavAnuM ane gAyudIzane kaI jAti

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(106) ke prajA gaNAvavA prayatna thayela che ane tema karatAM temAM lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke "odhyA, nahI paNa gAyukrANa joIe" prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bhA. 1, pR. 59 TI. na. ra4 thI agnikhUNe (pR. 224) 600 lI.nA aMtare ane gaMgAnadI oLaMgIne dakSiNe ayodhyAnuM rAjya che. (mArA matathI tene uracAra ayodhyA nahIM paNa Ayudhajha) karavo joIe; kAnapura zaheravALo A pradeza che ke jenA cabAo atyAre malla jevA pahelavAna gaNAya che.) vidvAnoe ayodhyA-sAketa gaye che tethI ja mUMjhavaNamAM " paDyA che. jyAre huM dhAruM chuM te pramANe AyudhdhAjha tarIke tene gaNavAthI badhe ukela AvI jAya che." prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bhA. 1, pR. 60, TI. 25 AyudhAjhoddhA jevA malakustIvALI. ....prajAne pradeza... edhANa ane... codhAnaka zabda A badhAM nAme eka ja vastusthiti darzAvanArA che." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 78. TI. 16 aMgrejI zabdomAM lakhavAmAM AvatI eka prajA che. jenuM nAma AyudhdhAjha che." prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bhA. 1, pR. 78 ujainIne vaLI tenuM eka viziSTa nAma ayodhyA

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(107) ayuddhA paNa hatuM. zA mATe amRddhA paDyuM haze te khabara nathI..." "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bhA. 1, pR. 183 AyudhdhAjha Ayuddhas ne ayudhyA Ayuddhya pachI apabhraMza thatAM ayodhyA samajI levAyuM hoya te? (kema ke banne sthAne AyudhdhAjha nAme prajAnuM ane adhyA nagarInuM- jo ke pAse pAse che paNa tenuM dizAdarzana juduM che ane tevI bhUla anuvAdake karyAnuM meM jaNAvyuM paNa che, ..." jena' 26-4-36, uparanI hakIkatathI bhAvArtha e nIkaLe che ke ayodhyA e vAstavamAM adhyA nathI paNa ayudhdhAjha che. kAnapuranI pAse Ave te pradeza che ane ujajainInuM paNa ayodhyA ane ayudhdhA evuM nAma che. tathA AyudhAjhanuM adhyA e apabhraMzanAma hoya. A hakIkata ItihAsathI judI dizAmAM jAya che, kAraNa ke mULamAM to AyudhdhAjha zabda ja khoTe che, kAraNa ke sara kaniMgahAme lakhelA zabdane uccAra ja lekhakadvArA kheTe karavAmAM Avyo che. Cunningham nuM avataraNa pR. 59 upara TAMkayuM che temAM ema mAluma paDe che ke Auyuddhas are a tribe of people, and they have their distinct coins of their own. have vicArIe ke Auyuddhas nuM uccAraNa boyuddha thAya (Ste bahuvacanadarzaka che), mayudIza thaI zake nahI;

Page #144
( 108 ) chatAM tenA AyuUAjha uccAraNa karIne ayeAdhyAne lagatI binA karI batAvavAnI cAlamAjI dekhAi Ave che. tene mATe prAcIna arvAcIna pustakAnu' samaSTie avaleAkana karavAmAM Abu' lAgatu nathI. vaLI bauyuddha( bAyudAjJa )nuM apabhraMza aceAdhyA nathI. banne svataMtra zabdo che ane judA judA ane kahevAvALA che. aceAdhyA sAthe bauyuddha (AyudhdhAjha)ne kaze! sabadha nathI. vaLI ayudhdhA e ujjainInu nAma AvatuM nathI. paNa jovAmAM prathama ApaNe ayeAdhyAne pramANapuraHsara samajI laie, pachI AyudhAjha zu' che te samajIzu. ayodhyA (1) aTavA navadvArA, devAnAM pU: gayodhyA | tasyAM hiramya: jorA:, vargo jyotiSAvRtta: || ' devAe banAvela aceAdhyA nagaramAM ATha mahelA, nava daravAjA ne hiraNmaya dhanabhaDAra che. e svaganI jevu samRddhisapanna che atharvavela che. "" (2) The Ayodhya and Vaisala lines, for both start from Mann. aceAdhyA ne vaizAla vazanA prAraMbha manuthI thayA che Anct. I. Historical Traditions P. 139 * go-- vA kRtiTTAsa rR. 11.

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( 109 ) ( 3 ) The Brahmanical story of Sunahsepa speaks of the most famous city Ayodhya as a village ( grams ) brAhmaNagrantheAmAM Avela jInaHzepanI kathAmAM acAdhyAne eka gAmaDA tarIke gaNAvyuM che. Ancient Indian Historical Traditions P. 10 (4) The Ramayan makes Dasarath's priest Vasistha declare the royal genealogy of Ajodhya twice. dazarathanA guru viSTha mAdhyAnA rAjavaMza sa''dhI e vAra vRttAMta ApyAnA ullekha che. Ancient Indian Historical Traditions P. 29 ( ) Ayojjha represents sanskrit Ayodhya of the Ramayan and A-Yute of Yuan Chwang. ayeAjA rAmAyaNanI saMskRta aAdhyAne ane 'hyuena sAMga nA aNuda" tene batAve che. " 6 ** Geography of Early Buddhism '' P. 23-24 (6) During the Buddhist period, Ayodha was devided into Uttara (Northern) Kosala and Dakshina ( Southern ) Kosala. '' buddha yugamAM acadhyA uttarakAzaLa ane dakSiNakAzaLamAM heMcAyaluM hatu. Geographical Dictionary ed, II By N. Dey. P. 14

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(110) (7) The chief son Iksvaku reigned at Ayodhya manune jayeSTha putra ayodhyAmAM rAjya karate hate. A. H. T. P. 84 (8) The Manva-city-Ayodhya is made the most ancient. mAnavanagara-ayodhyAne saithI prAcIna nagara gaNavAmAM mAnya che. Ancient Indian H. Traditions P. 289 ( 9 ) During the Buddhist period Ayojjba, on the Saryu, was the capital of Dakshina Kosal; while that of Uttara Kosal was Sa vatthi on the Rapti, bauddha samayamAM sarayU nadInA kAMThA para AvelI ayodhyA e dakSiNa kezalanI rAjadhAnI hatI. ane rAtI nadI upara AveluM sAvatthI e dakSiNa kezalanI rAjadhAnI hatI. "Geography of Early Buddhism." P. 23 (10) hamArA vicAra yaha hai ki seMkaDo barasa taka kozala ke zAsana karanevAle lagAtAra aise zaktizAlI the ki bAharI AkramaNakAriyoM ko unakI ora bar3hane kA sAhasa nahIM huA aura isIse unakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma 'ayodhyA' yA ajeya par3a gyaa| 'ayodhyA kA itihAsa ' pR. 62 (11) ayujjhAe egaTThiAI jahA--aujjhA, avajjhA, kosalA, viNIyA, sAkeyaM, ikkhAgubhUmi, rAmapurI, kosala ti // . vividhatIrthakalpa zrIjinaprabhasUri kRta pR. 24

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( 111 ) upara jaNAvelA pramANeAmAM vedathI lai karIne atyAra sudhImAM kAie AyudrAkSa tarIke gaNAvelI tevAmAM AvatI nathI ke aceAdhyAne AyudAjJa kahI hAya evu dekhAtu nathI. vaLI aAdhyAnA je nAmAMtA ApavAmAM AvyA che temAM paNa aceAdhyAnu AyuddhAjha evuM nAma kayAMya dekhAtuM nathI. tyAre ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke aceAdhyAne "prAcIna bhAratavaSa" pustakamAM AyuddhAjha tarIke gaNI lIdhI che te asatya che. te ceAkhAe kAnapura pAsenA jaNAvyA e paNa satya dekhAtuM nathI; kAraNa ke cAkhAe te mathurAnA atyArasudhI prasiddha che. cAmA e caturvedInA apabhraMza che. ane catuvedIne vasavATa tyAM vadhAre dekhAya che. teo malla jevA che eTale cAbAe kAnapuranA te| nahI. paNa mathurAnA prasiddha che, evI kahevata paDI gai che. audheya ( AyudAkSa ) AgaLa AyuddhAjha te zabda ja khATA che te upara che. prastuta pustakanA lekhaka, aMgrejI uparathI prAcInatA ane ItihAsa zodhavA jAya che tyAM pAchaLanA vicAra na rahevAthI bhUla thAya che ane kAi kAI sthaLe tA arthAna"karazAstrI jevu thaI jAya che. bhAratIya prAcIna sAhityanA paNa tenI sAthe meLa meLavAya te ja arI vastu prApta thai zake ane vizeSa hakIkata rajU karI zakAya. jaNAvI gaye. bhAratavarSanI

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(112) aiyuddha (AyuddhAjha) nAmanI kaI prajA ke jAti bhAratavarSamAM thaI hoya evuM vAMcavA ke jANavAmAM AvatuM nathI. vaLI je guNavALI prajA ane jAtinI te vyAkhyA kare che te AyuddhAjha nahIM paNa vAdheya jAti hatI-prajA hatI.. yaudheya svataMtra pradeza paNa hatuM, paNa te yaudheyane ke ayodhyAne kazo saMbaMdha hate ema mAnavAnI kaI bhUla na kare. te banne bhinna zabe bhinna pradezane batAvanArA che. vaidheya prajA kayAM hatI ane kevI hatI? te siddha karavA mATe ItihAsa sikkAo vigere purAvAo maujUda che. yaudheya eka baLavAna prajA hatI. temanuM gaNarAjya paNa hatuM. (1) The whole of Rajputana (Yauddheyas ) and Malavas. A rAjapUtAnA pradeza yaudheya ane mAlavone hate. * History of India' by Jayswal, P, 53. (2) The Malavas, the Yauddheyas......all restrike their coins in the Naga period. nAgavaMzanA vakhatamAM mAlavee ane yaudheyoe pitAnA sikkAo pharI paDAvyA hatA. History of India, P. 54. (3) Immediately north to them were the yarddheyas, streching from Bharatpur......right up to the lower course of the Satalaj on the border of

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(11) the Bhawalpur state, where Johiyawar still bears the stamp of their names......... yaudheyane pradeza (nAgalakonA pradezanI) barAbara uttare AvyuM hatuM. tene vistAra bharatapurathI mAMDIne bhAvalapuranI sImA upara satalajanA nIcenA pravAha sudhI jate hate. johIyAvAra hajI sudhI temanA nAmanA sTepa dhAraNa are che. 'leDIyAvAra' (DAsana) yaudheya nAmanusUya: che. History of India' by Jayswal P. 147-48 (4) rudradAmA kahatA hai ki saba kSatriyoM meM vIra prasiddha ho jAne ke kAraNa unake (yaudheyoM ke) dimAga phira gaye the, aura ve avidheya the, kisI ke kAbU na Ate the| bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA ji. 2, pR. 860 (5) yaudheya-bahuta prAcIna kAla meM yaudheya jAti bhI bhArata ke pazcimottara prAnta meM rahatI thii| i. 150 ke giranAra ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAne 'kSatriyoM' meM vIra kI upAdhi dhAraNa karane vAle yaudheyoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| bRhatsaMhitA meM gAndhAra jAti ke sAtha yaudheya logoM kA bhI ullekha hai| ___ bharatapura rAjya ke vijayagar3ha nAmaka eka sthAna ke zilAlekha meM yaudheya logoM ke Adhipati -- mahArAja mahAsenApati ' upAdhidhArI eka vyakti kA ullekha hai|

Page #150
(114) paMjAba kI bhAvalapura riyAsata meM rahanevAlI yohiyA nAmaka jAti yaudheya logoM kI vaMzadhara mAnI jAtI hai| ' candragupta-vikramAditya' gaMgAprasAdakRta. pR. 33-34. (6) unake rudradAmA ke bAda ke jo sike pAe gae haiM unameM do namUne bar3he mahattva ke haiM / eka para " yaudheyagaNasya jaya" (yaudheyagaNa ko jaya ) likhA rahatA, tathA eka hAtha meM bhAlA lie aura dUsarA hAtha kamara para rakkhe-tribhaMgamudrA meM yaudheya yoddhA kA citra rahatA hai| " bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA" ji. 2, pR0 862 (7) paMkti 11-12 sarvakSetrAviSkRta-vIrazabdajAtotsekAvidheyAnAM yaudheyAnAM prasahyotsAdakena... / arthAta-badhA kSetramAM prakaTa karelI pitAnI virapadavIne kAraNe abhimAnI banelA ane kaI rIte kAbUmAM na AvavAvALA evA rAdheyone jabarajastIthI ukhADI nAkhanAra ( 3mana) "Gaekwad's A. Series > No. II P. 31 yaudhee vijayagaDha pradeza kabaje karyo hate te eka zilAlekha anusAra jANatI hakIkata che. A uparathI samajAya che ke yaudheye eka prabaLa ane vIra prajA hatI, temanA sikkAo ane rAjaya svataMtra hatAM.

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( 115 ) vaLI AthI e paNa spaSTa thAya che ke, aceAdhyAne kaze paNa sa"kha"dha nathI. te anne svataMtra hatA. e banne khAkhatA vidvAnAe spaSTa karI che, chatAM DaoN. tri. la. vidvAnAne mU'jhavaNamAM paDyA hoya ema mAne che ane * prAcIna bhAratavarSa` ' pustakadvArA madhA vidvAnAnI mUMjhavaNu TALavAnuM abhimAna seve che tyAre Azcaya thAya che. vAstavamAM tA 'prAcIna bhAratavaSa ' pustaka ja a'dhArI dizAmAM paDayuM che. > caudheya ane bhinna ane * prAcIna bhAratavaSa 'mAM AyudhAjha kyAMthI pedA thayuM te vicArIe.temAM CunninghamnA havAleA ApavAmAM AvyuM che. zarUAtamAM te pR. 59 upara lekhaka je hakIkata mATe tenA havAleA Ape che te hakIkata taddana judI che ane kaniMgahAmanuM lakhANa juduM che. lekhaka aceAdhyAne AyudhAjha siddha karavA mathe che ane tenA pramANu tarIke kaniMgahAmanuM nAma mUke che, jyAre kanigahAma tA eka jAtinuM varNana kare che. teNe aAdhyA e AyuUAjha che ema te havAlAmAM kAMi lakhyu' dekhAtuM ja nathI. AyuSrAjha uparathI aceAdhyA e apabhraMza zabda mAnI, tenA doSa anuvAdaka upara DhALavAnI ceSTA karavI e vyAjamI nathI. itihAsamAM svabuddhinA paNa ceAgya upayoga karavAnA hAya che. vaLI caudheya sakhI Sir CunninghamnA je readingnA nirdeza karavAmAM Avye che te reading tAttvika dRSTie kharuM nathI. te jUnuM ane vidvAnAne asvIkAya siddha thayuM che.

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(116) tenuM asalI ane kharuM reading A pramANe che - papaiyApa vaza (codheya gaNane jaya) Adhunika vidvAne A readingne ja mAnya, satya ne. tAttvika lekhe che. kharI rIte ItihAsa lakhanArAoe jUnA ane navAM badhAM pustako vAMcavAnI jarUra che. mAtra potAnA mata ke kalpanAne anukULa hoya te ja pustaka ke readingne vaLagI rahevuM ucita na gaNAya. ethI te asatyanI paraMparA vadhe ane ItihAsane ghAta thAya. e game tema hoya paNa AyuddhAga e azuddha ne asatya che e nirvivAda hakIkata che. bIjI hakIkata e che ke "prAcIna bhAratavarSa "mAM ayodhyA ke mayuddA e ujajayinInuM eka viziSTa nAma batAvyuM che, ane tenA upara je managhaDaMta lAMbIceDI asaMbaddha ka5nA racI che te te ajaba Azcarya upajAve tevI che. ujainInuM viziSTa nAma adhyA ke ayudhdhA kayAMya paNa jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. ujjayanI syAt vizolA'vantI pusspkrNddinii| mithApitAmaNa, mAM-2, pR. 220 zRNu vyAsa! yathA khyAtA purI divyA supuNyadA svarNazRMgA nu prathame dvitIye tu kuzasthalI / tRtIye'vantikA proktA caturthetvamarAvatI,

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( 117 ) vikhyAtA paMcame kalpe purI cUDAmaNIti ca // SaSThe padmAvatI jJeyA saptame cojjayinI purI / skandapurANa * evaM vyAsapurIM jAtA vizAlA ca kuzasthalI / x avatI ane vizALApurI uparAMta ujjainInA bIjA svaNuzRMga, amarAvatI, padmAvatI, puSpakaDinI, bhAgapurI, kuzasthalI, cUDAmaNI, vyAsapurI, takSazilA, hiraNyavatI evAM dasa nAme hatAM. Ujjayini (Visala, Padmavati, Bhogavati, Hiranyavati etc.) Dynasties et Histoire, de. I'IndeTomeV/o.P.23. uparyukta ATalAM badhAM nAme che pazu temAM ujjainInu khIjuM nAma ayyA ke ayuddhA evuM itihAsamAM kAMI dekhAtu' nathI. eTale 'prAcIna bhAratavarSa 'mAM acAdhyA e AyuphrAjha hatu athavA ujjainInuM aAyA ke ayuddhA nAma hatuM e kevaLa kalpanA ja che ema lekhAya. : 12 : jana gama dvija zu che ? ' prAcIna bhAratavaSa" pustakamAM janagama dvijanI hakIkata lakhIne itihAsamAM mATI gerasamajUtI phelAvI devAmAM * sudhA varSa 1, zru 6, pR. 668. x ,, , 68. 33 35

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( 118 ) AvI che. bharatezvara bAhubaLivRtti bhA. ne AdhAra TAMkI temAM lakhyu che ke-- mahArAjA karaka Due paNa temane sanmAnyA ane evI AjJA pharamAvI ke havethI te gAmanA save cAMDALAne paNa apanAvI brAhmaNanI jJAtimAM bheLavI devA. te divasathI tema karavAmAM AvyuM. eTale, A navIna brAhmaNeAnuM nAma jana gama dvija paDayuM." ' * prAcIna bhAratavaSa ' lA, 1, pR. 146 karakaDue vATadhAnakanA vAsI 8 vrudhdhivAhananA cAMDALAne brAhmaNa karyAM. " putra " " * prAcIna bhArata bhA. 1, pR. 146 TI0 149 uparanA avataraNamAM lekhaka je hakIkata kahe che ane je hakIkatane puSTa karavA mATe ' bharatezvara khAhubaLi vRtti bhASAMtara ' nA havAleA Ape che te havAle uparanI hakIkata sAthe asa'gata ane asadhdha jaNAya che. e TIppaNamAM je havAlA ApcA che temAM ' janagama dvija nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM ' evuM lakhyuM ja nathI. temAM te mAtra ' cAMDALAne brAhmaNeA karyAM? eTalu ja kathana che. pachI 'janagama dvija' nAma pADavAmAM Avyu evI hakIkata kayAMthI upajAvI kADhI ? vaLI ' bharatezvara bAhubaLi vRtti mULa 'mAM paNa evI hakIkata nathI. kharI rIte te A bhASAnA ajJAnane apUrva namUnA che.

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(119) mULa saMskRta bhASAnuM avataraNa ahIM TAMkayuM che tethI vAcakone vadhu spaSTa khyAla AvI zakaze ke "janaMgama dvija " e mAtra ajJAnajanya kalpanA che. " tataH te janaMgamA dvijA bhavantu, asmAkaM vATadhAnavAsinaH / " ...atha taika brAhmaLa: jAnArA tenAM nAmAnAM saMro vihitA tatastaiH brAhmaNyaM labhantoccaiH devmaanvpuujitaaH| arthAta-amArA vATadhAnavAsI caMDALe brAhmaNa thAya" evI rAjAnI AjJAthI brAhmaNee janaMgama-caMDALane saMskAra karyo. pachI temaNe ucca brAhmaNatva prApta karyuM ane devamanuSyathI pUjAyA. maratezvaravRtti pR.22-00 vAstavika rIte ItihAsamAM kayAMya paNa janaMgama dvija nAma paDyuM hoya evuM dekhAtuM nathI. Agama sUtromAM paNa tenA vRttAMte Ave che tyAM paNa karnAma dina jevuM temanuM nAma dekhAtuM nathI. tAhe teNa vADahANagA hariesA dhijjAiA kayA / vATadhAnakanA cAMDALene brAhmaNa banAvyA. uktaM ca-dadhivAhanaputreNa rAjJA tu karakaNDunA / vATaTAnakavAstavyA-zvANDAlA brAhmaNIkRtAH // uttarAdhyayana bRhavRttiH pR. 302

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( 10 ) chatAM A samA~dhI praznacarcAmAM teo janagamanA sphoTa karatAM lakhe che : 6 " jema hRdayaMgama eTale 'hRdayane game tevA ' thAya che tema. janagamanA atha janane-manuSyane game tevA ' ema sAmAnya artha karI zakAya; bAkI tA A viSaya zabdakAne lagatA gaNAya eTale tyAMthI atha joi levA vinati che." jaina ' 26-4-36 uparanu` emanuM kathana tA kharekhara dayA ja upajAve tevu che. je mANasa itihAsa lakhanAra tarIke dAvA kare ane te AgaLa pAchaLanAM pustake joyA vinA dhabeDace rAkhe, praznacarcA thavA chatAM pustake jovAnI-tapAsavAnI-vAMcavAnI takalIpha na le ane managhaDaMta kalpanAmAM Ave tevA athA upajAvI kADhe tenA mATe zu kahevu... e ja sUjhatuM nathI. jo temaNe ja zabdakoSa tapAsIne lakhyuM hota tA pablikamAM jana'gama dvija viSayaka ajJAnanuM ATaluM'pradezana na thAta. zu AkhuM pustaka bIjAnA AdhAra upara teA nathI lakhAyuM ne ? meATA moTA zabdASA te badhe janagamanA 'cAMDALa evA atha kare che. nanAma: nAMkAru: ( 1 ) Vachaspatya Vol. V. P. 3019 ( 2 ) Sir Monier Williams S. E. Dictionary P.410 (2) amiyAnajiMtAmAM i mA. ?, pR. 272, jo 127 ( 4 ) sanmAnaniMtAmaNi pR. 666

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(11) A uparAMta bIjA paNa zabdake gaNAvI zakAya. vaLI temanA karelA arthanI kalapanA te evA prakAranI che ke kaI puruSa kalpanA kare che-pitAnI bairInI jevI sADI je je strI pahere te badhI potAnI bairI thAya. A kalpanA jeTalI behaMdI che tevI ja hRdayaMgama zabdanA arthane anusarIne janaMgamane artha karavAnI kalpanA behudI che. nanAmane artha ahIM e pramANe karavAno che ke - bane to viirari nama: vAMsA / athavA adhArmikAn janAn gacchati iti janaGgamaH / / eTalA khAtara te mAruM kahevuM che ke prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustaka lakhavAmAM maulika bhASAnA pustakano Azraya bahu che ja levAya che, eTaluM ja nahi bhASAMtarane paNa durupayoga karyo che ane ethI ja jyAM ne tyAM ItihAsanI bAbate vikRta thaI gaI che. : 13 . daMtivardhana : avaMtivardhana ? A prakaraNa mATe pustakamAM eTale haTha pakaDavAmAM Ave che ke ItihAsausika kei paNa vyakti e haThAgraha na karI zake. eka hakIkatanI vAstavikatA mATe aitihAsika puruSa purAvA rajU karI batAve chatAM tene na mAnavA, temAM kuzaMkAo karavI ane pitAne UlaTe ne UMdhe kakako khare

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(122 ) karavA haTha pakaDI rAkhavI te kayAMsudhI vyAjabI gaNI zakAya. te sujJajana svayaM vicArI zake che. 8 prAcIna bhAratavarSa ? je graMtha bIjA koI zikSita ne sAvaceta dezamAM pragaTa thayo hoya te sAhityarasikee tene kayArane kacarAnI TepalImAM phekavA lAyaka abhiprAya ApI dIdhe hoya, paraMtu ApaNI bedarakAra, nirNAyaka ane sAhityavimukha jaina samAjamAM game tevA sAcA-khoTA tUta UbhA karavAmAM Ave te paNa cAlyuM jAya che ane temAM ya jayo meM vALA rAva je tAla thaI jAya che. prastuta pustakmAM eka sthaLe lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke - "rAjA pAlakane jyeSTha putra daMtivardhana rAjA banavAthI, tene nAno bhAI, je rASTravardhana nAme hatuM, tene yuvarAja padavI maLI. A daMtivananuM rAjya Azare vIzeka varSa cAlyuM haze ema samajAya che." prAcIna bhAratavaSa"pu. 1, pR. 215. tenI vaMzAvaLI batAvatAM lakhe che ke - punika caMDa gepALa pAlaka vAsavadattA dativardhana rASTravardhana prA. bhA. bhA. 1 5. 215

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(123). uparanA banne sthaLe je daMtivardhana nAma lakhyuM che te taddana khoTuM che. kharuM nAma zuM hoI zake ? te nIcenA pADethI ApaNe jANI zakazuM. (?) to ya avaMtikULa pachAtA mAtA vi mAritI, sA vi devi na jAyatti, bhAtuNeheNa ya avaMtiseNassa rajjaM dAtUNa pvvitto| bhAIne mAryo ane strI maLI nahIM e pazcAttApathI ane bhAI taraphanA nehathI avaMtisenane rAjya ApI dIkSA lIdhI. AvazyakasUtra cUrNi, uttarAI pR. 190 (2) ujjauNa'vaMtivaddhaNa pAlagasuyaraTThavadvaNe ceva / Avazyaka sUtra hA. pR. 699 ( 3 ) Avantivardhan the name of a son of Palaka pAlakanA putranuM nAma avaMtivardhana hatuM. Political History of Anct. India, P. 148 ( 4 ) The Prinec Avantivardhana, the son of the king Palaka, hearing this astonishing news, came out to see the girl, and became enemoured of her. King Palaka and queen Avantivati became apprised of their son's intentions, to marry the beautiful girl, but hesitated because of her low caste.

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(124) pAlaka rAjAnA kumAra avaMtivana A AzcaryakAraka samAcAra sAMbhaLIne kanyAne jevAne bahAra Avyo ane tenA upara mohita thaI gaye. e suMdara kanyA sAthe pitAnA putranI lagna karavAnI IcchA che evI rAjA pAlaka tathA rANI avantIvatIne jANa thaI paNa kanyAnI nIya jAtine lIdhe saMkeca tha. Chronology of Ancient India, P, 233 A uparathI samajAze ke daMtivana pAlaka rAjAne putra nathI paNa avaMtivardhana che. - ItihAsavi munirAja zrI kalyANavijayajIe A bAbata pramANapUrvaka lekhakane jaNAvI hatI chatAM temAM kuzaMkAo karIne tene TALI devAne prayatna karyo hoya ema dekhAya che. tene artha vAcakavarga saraLa rIte samajI zake tema che. prastuta pustakamAM avaMtivardhanane badale daMtivardhana zI rIte thaI gayuM te tapAsavAno yatna karIe. kaI pratamAM e pATha maLI AvyuM hoya ke go tivarSano....... kSaNabhaMguraM matvA daMtivardhanaH to hRtivardhano......... uparanA pAThamAM "go ti" ane "yaMti'mAM saMskRtanA niyama pramANe "ga"ne lepa thaI jAya che, ane tene badale

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(125) avagraha na mukAyAthI rUto TUMti vacAya, paraMtu temAM paNa lakhatAM lakhatAM ne badale te lakhAI jAya te svAbhAvika rIte vAMcavAmAM vaM ne badale huM vaMcAI jAya. lakhANanI AvI azuddhio vicArapUrvaka dUra karI zakAya che. paraMtu jyAre kaI pramANika puruSa pramANa ApI batAve tyAre te vastune svIkAra kare joIe; temAM durAgraha kAmane nahIM. munirAja zrI kalyANavijayajIe je pramANa ApyuM che te AvazyakasUtra niyuktinuM hatuM. bharatezvara bAhubaLi vRtti ane tenA bhASAMtara karatAM sAvaratha nizi tathA gAvara cU te bahu prAcIna graMtha gaNAya. eTalA mATe paNa tene svIkAra kare jarUrI hatuM. e svIkAra karyo hato te AvA akSamya doSa pustakamAM rahevA na pAmata. vaLI lekhake svayaM "bharatezvara bAhubaLi" nI mULa prate kaI vidvAna pAse tapAsavarAvI hatI te bhASAMtarane deSa paNa pustakamAM AvavA na pAmata. bhASAntarakArane azuddha kepIo maLI hoya ane tenA uparathI ja bhASAMtara karyuM hoya te upara batAvyuM tema, bhASAntaramAM paNa azuddhi ne gerasamajUtI rahI javA pAme te zakya che. eTale bhASAntaranI sAthe mULa grantha paNa tapAsavAmAM Ave te ghaNe phera paDI jAya.

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(126) : 14 : udayabhadda : udayanabhaTTa ? A prakaraNamAM paNa AgalA prakaraNanI mAphka nAmanI aThThalAkhadalI karavAmAM AvI che. ahIMyA Azcaya e thAya che ke te nAmanA IrAdApUrvaka heraphera karI devAmAM Avyo che. Would that my son Udayibhadda, dignikAya II nA havAlA ApI " zuM mArA putra udAyIbhaH' eTale ke ahIM 'sa' zabda lakhAyA che. tenA atha tA ceAkakhI rIte bhadrabhaaA, the good, evA ja thAya che ane te pramANe tenuM vana haze. paNa tenA dRSTAMta tarIke koI prasaMga temaNe jaNAvyA nathI. te yAtrAe gayA hatA evu prAsaMgika khayAna maLI Ave eTalu haju ganimata kahevAya. bAkI aitihAsika hakIkatathI teA ema pUravAra karI zakAya che ke tenA rAjya amale, eka bhaTTa-caddhAne zAle tevI kArya kuzaLatAthI kAma levAyu' hatu. eTale te purAvAthI DhArAine meM ' bhad' zabdane badale bhaTTa zabda vAparavA ceAgya dhAryuM che. "" * prAcIna bhAratavaSa - bhA. 1, pR. 305. TI. uparanA kathanathI e spaSTa thAya che ke lekhake udayabhane tenA nAmathI nahIM paNa tenA kAmane aMge tenA nAmanI vyutpatti karIne nAma pheravI nAkhyu che. sAmAnya niyama te! evA che ke vizeSanAmanA kAma sAthe ke tenA artha sAthe karaze! sabadha hAtA nathI. zabdanA arthathI vizeSanAmanI-proper namenI vyutpatti karI zakAya ja nahIM.

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(127) dAkhalA tarIke keInuM nAma nattama hoya ane tenuM kAma adhama hoya te tenA kAmathI tenA nAmamAM phera karI narAdhama" lakhAya nahIM. athavA tribhuvanadAsa tene sAmAnya artha e thAya ke traNa bhuvana-svarga-mRtyu pAtALa-ne dAsa. have kaI kalpanA kare ke vartamAna kALe svarga-narakamAM javAnuM ke tyAMnI sevA karavAnuM zakya nathI. manuSyanI sevA karavAnuM zakya che, mATe te tribhuvanadAsa na hoI zakeH mRtyudAsa hoI zake. ane tethI tribhuvanadAsane badale mRtyudAsa ja lakhI zakAya, paraMtu duniyAmAM evuM banatuM nathI. vizeSanAmanI sAthe tenA arthane ke tenA AcaraNane kazo saMbaMdha raheto nathI. ane tenA artha ke AcaraNa uparathI nAmamAM-nAmanA zabdamAM ke akSaramAM kevaLa ApaNI kalpanAthI pheraphAra karI zakAya nahIM. ane temAM paNa aitihAsika bAbatamAM te kadI evuM banI zake nahIM ane jo ema karavA jaIe te ItihAsanA ghaNAkharA nAma, vizeSe karI rAjAonAM nAma pharI ja jAya. eTale udayabhanuM kAma bhadra bhaluM na hoya mATe te udayabhane badale akSaremAM pheraphAra karI udAyIbhaTTa banAvI de e te ItihAsane akSamya aparAdha kahevAya, itihAsanuM khUna karyuM kahevAya, sAthe sAthe te bAliza manavRttinuM paNa sUcana kare che. kharI rIte badhI vaMzAvaLImAM ane badhAnA matamAM ene kAma nahIM paNa 3yamadda tarIke ja moTe bhAge svIkAravAmAM Avyo che.

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( 128 ) ( 1 ) Udayabhadda ( 2 ) Udayabhadda. ( 3 ) Udayabhadda. ( 4 ) Udayin or Udayibhadda. ( 5 ) Udayin. ( 6 ) Ksemdharman Dipvamsa Mahavamsa Burmese tradition. Asokavadan. ( 7 ) udayabhadda ( 8 ) udayabhadda ( 9 ) udayabhadda (10) udayabhadda (11) udayabhadda (12) udAyI athavA udayabhadra (13) udAyI (14) kSemadharma Jain tradition. Puranas tradition 'The Mahavamsa' by Wilhem Geiger 1934 Intro. P.XLI. dIpavaMza | samantapAsAdikA / mahAvaMsa | brahmadezIya vivaraNa | mahAbodhivaMsa | azokAvadAna / jaina pariziSTaparva | " piTakagranthAvali prathama saMkhyA " purANa ( baMgalA ) pR. 42 upara ATalA badhA pramANeA ApyA paNa; tenA kAya uparathI kalpanA karIne udayabhanuM nAma udAyIbhaTTa phAie lakhyuM nathI; kAraNa ke e rIte vizeSa nAmanI vyutpatti thaI zake nahIM te sasAdhAraNu satya che. bIjI tarapha jyAre te praznacarcAmAM bhAga le che tyAre peAtAnI kalpanA pramANe lakhe che keH

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( 129 ) (6 A graMtha itihAsane lagatA che, nahIM ke vyAkaraNa ke zakhsakeSanA. AvA prakAranI keTalIe azuddhi bhalabhalA ne 5kAyelA lekhaka ane prUpharIDarAnI sanmukhathI sarI jatI aneka jagAe temaNe paNa anubhavI haze ja, ' jaina'26-4-36 pustakamAM pR. 305 upara spaSTa rIte lakhe che ke bhane adale bhaTTa zabda IrAdApUrvaka pheravIne mUkayeA che, chatAM carcAmAM AvatAM tee prupharIDaro ane presanI bhUla hAvAnuM atAve che. e te jANI joine khATA bacAva karavA jevuM ja che. te ucita na kahevAya. vaLI presabhUla ThekANe ThekANe na thAya, chatAM ema mAnI laie te paNu kAi sthaLe te sAcA zabda dekhAve joie ne ? jyAre pustakamAM te badhe bhaTTa zabda ja vaparAyA che. uDDayanabhaTTa pR. 107 uddayanabhaTTa pR. 407 udayabhaTTa pR. 305 udAyanabhaTTa jI 407 udAyInabhaTTa pR. 110 vaLI rR. 379 mAM teA bhaTTa eTale cAddo ema paNa lakhavAmAM AvyuM che, arthAt bhaTTa zabdanA artha cAddho ke nIra karyAM che; jyAre bhaTTa zabdanA artha tA veda jANanAra, paDita ityAdi thAya che. bhaTTa zabdanA artha kayAMya paNa vIra ke cAddo thatA nathI. eTale A te lekhakanA sAmAnya bhASAjJAnanA paNa abhAva sUcave che. TUMkamAM bhaTTa 9

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(130) zabda te badhI rIte peTe jAya che ane udAyIbhaTTa e khoTuM nAma upajAvI kADhyuM che. vaLI kaI kaI sthaLe udayabhadranA aneka nAme upajAvI kADhyA che. jevAM ke-udAyanabhaTTa, udayana bhaTTa, udAyIbhaTTa, udayana. jyAre te nAmo bIjI kaI vaMzAvaLImAM maLatAM paNa nathI. pachI "prAcIna bhAratavarSa' pustakamAM e nAme kyAMthI AvyAM haze e paNa vicAraNIya che. bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nirvANa-sthAna kayuM? bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nirvANa kyA sthaLe thayuM hatuM te bAbatamAM "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM ullekha karyo che. temAM nirvANa sthAna hasti pALarAjAnI azvazALA batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vAstavamAM e hakIkata yuktiyukta nathI lAgatI. zAstromAM te zukazALA-cuMgIghara lakhI lakhIne pAnAM bharyA che. kAM te e zAone khoTA TharAvavA joIe athavA prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM pustaka kheDuM TharavuM joIe. temAM ema lakhyuM che ke - mAruM je mAnavuM thayuM che ke-I. sa. pUrva para7 mAM zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANu hastipAla rAjAnI azvazALAmAM thayuM hatuM te A sthAna che. prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 61. TI. jyAre mahAvIra te vastisthAnamAM khAlI paDI rahelI eka aradhazALAmAM dhyAnAvasthAmAM mokSane pAmyA che. prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 365.

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(11) jyAre jinazAstromAM te viSe je lakhyuM che te ema sUcave che ke, zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa azvazALA ke tabelAmAM nahIM paNa cuMgIgharamAM thayuM che. te nIcenA pramANethI jaNAya che. (1) ekaM ca apazcimamaMtyaM varSArAtraM madhyamApApAyAM hastipAlasya rAjJo rajjuga-sabhAe rajjukA lekhakAH 'kArakUna / iti loke prasiddhAH, teSAM zAlA sabhA, jIrNA aparibhujyamAnA, tatra bhagavAnupAgataH / ...... kalpasUtra subodhikA pa. 188 (2) 122-rajjukA lekhakAH teSAM sabhA aparibhujyamAnA karaNazAlA tatra jIrNa zulkazAlAyAM ityarthaH / The Kalpa Sutra of Bhadrababu, by Herman Jacobi, P. 113 (3) chelle betAlIzamuM comAsuM madhyama pAvApurI (apApA) nagarImAM hastipALarAjAnI jUnI lekhakazALAmAMjayAtanI mAMDavI-kArakunanI sabhAmAM-varSAkALe rahyA. 465sUtra mANAyAdha' (zrI sarendrasUra) 5. 262 (4) madhyamApApAyAM 'rajjugasamAe tti' rajjukA-lekhakAH teSAM sabhA'paribhujyamAnA karaNazAlA tatra jiirnnshulkshaalaayaamityrthH| kalpasUtra dIpikA (jayavijayagaNi), pa. 106

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(172 ) (5) rajjukA--lekhakAsteSAM sabhA aparibhujyamAnA karaNazAlA jIrNazulkazAlA tasyAmityarthaH / kalpasUtra kiraNAvali. pa. 121 (6) rajjukA-lekhakAH loke kArakUnAsteSAM zAlAyAM ekm| 'zrIkalpakaumudI' pa. 146 (7) Rajuke=( See Lajuke= ) " clerk-writerhigh official." rajajugane artha kArakuna, lekhaka ke UMcA amaladAra. Asoka Text & Glossary A. C. Woolner, Pt. II, P. 127 (8) rAja-pratinidhi yA rAjakumAra ke bAda rajjukoM kA ohadA thA jo Ajakala ke kamiznaroM ke samAna the| 'azoka ke dharmalekha' pR. 24 (9) carimA puNa majjhimapAvAe hathisA (vA)laraNNo abhujjamANa suMkasAlAex Asi / chelluM comAsu manijhamapAvAmAM hastipALarAjAnI, upagamAM na AvatI muMkazALAmAM 4 rahyA. tIrthakalpa pR. 34 * ahIM je huM zabda Apela che tene artha zunna thAya che bhane zulka meTale cuMgI-kara. gume pAiasahamahaNNavo pR0 1144.

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(133) uparanA pramANamAM zAstranA racanAra prAcIna AcAryo, vartamAnakALanA vidvAne ke yurepIyana skalaromAMnA keI vidvAne jJAsamAne artha azvazALa athavA gheDAne tabelo thAya ke thaI zake evuM kayAMya batAvyuM nathI. temAM vaLI Woolner ane paM. haragoviMdadAse to bhASAnA mULa zabdane teDI toDIne vyutpatti paNa karI batAvI che ane tene atha cuMgIghara thAya ema jaNAvyuM che, te pachI prA. bhA. mAM kaI kalapanAne AdhAre azvazALA eTale ke ghaDAne tabele e artha karavAmAM Avye haze ? vAstavamAM prA. bhA. nI e kalpanA ne azvazALAnI hakIkata ja beTI che. kharI hakIkata e che ke mahAvIranuM nirvANu hastipALa rAjAnI azvazALAmAM nahIM paNa cuMgIgharamAM thayuM hatuM, ema nizcita hovA chatAM praznacarcAmAM lekhaka AgrahapUrvaka A pramANe jaNAve che ke - "ka. sU. sa. TI. pR. 101 mAM hastipALa rAjAnA kArakunanI jaNa evI eka zALAmAM thayAnuM lakhyuM che! jyAre tri. za. pu. caritra parva 10, sarga 13, loka 217 mAM "hastipALa rAjAnI zukazALAmAM " (jagata ugharAvavAnuM sthAna, cuMgIghara, dANa levAnI mAMDavI) thayAnuM jaNAvAyuM che, jyAre, meM te rAjAnI azvazALA( jyAM gheDA bAMdhavAmAM Ave te ghoDAsAra...)mAM thayAnuM lakhyuM che. vastutaH rAjA hastipALanuM ja te gAma hatuM teTaluM kharuM, bAkI sthAna paratve phera

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(134) dekhAya che kharA. kadAca eka bIjAnA aMtaramAM thoDAghaNA phera gaNA paNa tethI karIne mULa muddo to kAyama ja rahe che. jaina" 26-4-36 17 uparanuM lakhANa ' mIyAM paDyA paNa taMgaDI UMcI ' jevu* nathI lAgatuM? mULa muddo azvazALA ke zukazALAne che ane te te bilakula UDI gayA che; pachI khAkI zuM rahe che ? gAma kevuM hatu ke ketu nahI ?' e muddo nathI. muddo azvazALA ke zukazALAnA che. pachI gAmane zA mATe vaLage che ? carcAmAM muddo kaceA che eTaluM paNa samajAtu nathI e Achu Azcaya che? vyatha kadAgraha rAkhavAthI zu phAyado ? vaLI kalpasUtra suedhikAkAre je atha karyo che, kaLikALasava'jJa zrI hemaca'drAcAye je atha karyAM che te te mULa kalpasUtrane AzrIne karyAM che. arthAt zAstrane pramANita mAnI te AdhAre ' zukazALA ' e pramANe upayukta avidhAna karyu ' che ane te bannenA ardhAM zAstrasammata ne satya che. jyAre ' prAcIna bhAratava'nA lekhaka'te zAstrakArothI judA paDI DemacaMdrAcAya ke sumeAdhikAkArathI paNa uMcI pArTa esavAnA yatna karI kayA AdhAre azrvazALA evuM avidhAna kare che ? pustakamAM tA mAtra eTalu ja lakhyuM che ke 'hu... Ama kahuM chuM" 'me Ama lakhyu che' paNa pramANa ke hakIkata te kazI batAvI nathI. kAI AdhAra TAMkayA nathI. e kaI jAtanA itihAsa kahevAya ? 'huM" Ama kahuM chuM ke huM Ama lakhu chu" ema kahevAmAtrathI hakIkatA banatI nathI ne maTatI paNa nathI. pramANayukta vacana itihAsamAM AlekhAvA joie.

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(135 ) : 16 H kezI muni ane kezI gaNadhara prA. bhA.mAM kezI muni sabadhI ullekha che. temAM zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanA gaNadhara tarIke kezI nAma gaNAvyuM che; ane sAthe sAthe ema paNa lakhyu che ke kezI muni ane kezI gaNadhara banne judI vyaktio che. vAstavamAM pustakAmAM evI hakIkata kayAMya maLatI nathI chatAM ' prAcIna bhAratavaSa " mAM te kayAMthI meLavI haze te vicAraNIya che. temAM tA lakhyu` che keH-- " kharI vAta che ke zrI pAne....kezi nAme gaNadhara hatA....kezI muni paNa judA ane zrI pArzvanAthanA kezI gaNadhara paNa judA ja samajavA. 77 prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 80 zrI pArzvanAthane kezI gaNadhara hatA ke kema te eka ja muddo prathama vicArIe. bhagavAna pArzvanAthane mULe dasa gaNadharo hatA, temAMthI ATha gaNadharanAM nAmeA zAstrAmAM upalabdha thAya che. e gaNadharonAM nAma temanAM alpAyuSane kAraNe sUtrAmAM upalabdha nathI thatAM. upalabdha ATha nAme A pramANe cheH zubha, A ghASa, vasiSTha, brahmacArI, seAma, zrIdhara, vIrabhadra ane yazasvI, zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadharanI hakIkata batAvatA pA| zAstromAM nIce pramANe che

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(136) () kume ya gALo ya vasid vaMthAriyA some sirihare ceva vIrabhadde jasovi ya / / kalpasUtra, sUtra 160 (2) Avazyake tu daza gaNA gaNadharAzcoktAH tasmAdiha sthAnAMge ca dvauM alpAyuHkatvAdikAraNAd noktau iti TippaNake vyAkhyAtam / kalpasUtra subodhikA, pR. 206--207 caritra vigere mAM je dasa nAma Ave che temAM paNa kezInuM nAma nathI. vaLI jyAM kezI gaNadharanuM nAma Ave che tyAM te zrI pAtra nAthanA gaNadhara tarIke hovAno ullekha nathI, paraMtu zrI pAzvanAtha bhagavAnanI kacethI pATe thayAnuM vAMcavAmAM Ave che. tenI hakIkata nIce pramANe che zrIpArzvanAthaziSyaH prathamo gaNadhara: zrIzubhadattaH / tatpaTTe zrIharidattaH, tatpaTTe shriiaarysmudrH| tatpaTTe zrIkezIgaNadharaH / tena paradezInapaH pratibodhitaH rAjapraznIyaupAMge prasiddhaH / .. .. ... . .. prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakanA bhA. 1, pR. 80 tathA bhA. 2, pR0 6 upara kezIne pAMcamI pATe gaNAvyA che. ane pAvalinA TebalamAM svayaMprabhane cothI pATe ane kezIne pAMcamI pATe batAvyA che te ayukta che. kharI rIte svayaMprabha pAMcamI pATe ane kezI cethI pATe thayA che.

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(137) zrI pArzvanAthanA prathama gaNadhara zrI zubhadatta thayA. temanI pATe bIjA paTTadhara zrI haridatta thayA. temanI pATe trIjA paTTadhara zrI Aryasamudra thayA. temanI pATe cothA paTTadhara zrI kezI gaNadhara thayA. temaNe paradezI rAjAne pratibaMdha Ape, ema rAjaprazrIya upAMgamAM kahyuM che. paTTAvIsamutha, pR. 284. eTale ke zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI pATe zubhadatta, pachI zrI haridasa, pachI zrI Aryasamudra ane pachI cothI pATe zrI kezI gaNadhara thayA che, paNa tethI te zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara kahI zakAya nahIM. temane zrI pArzvanAthanA anaMtara ziSya paNa kahI zakAya nahIM kintu temanuM tIrtha cAlatuM hatuM eTale te hisAbe temanA pUrvApara paTTadhara ziSya kahI zakAya. zrIpArzvanAthaziSyatA cAsya tatsaMtAnIyatayA jJeyA, sAkSAt tacchiSyasya hi zrIvIratIrthapravRttikAlaM yAvadavasthAnAnupapatteH / (kezI muninuM) zrI pArzvanAthanuM ziSyapaNuM temanA tIrtha ke saMtAnapaNane lIdhe thaI zake, kAraNa ke zrI mahAvIranA tIrthakALamAM zrI pArzvanAthanA hastadIkSita ziSya hevAnuM saMbhavatuM nathI. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (bhAvavijaya kRta ) a0 23, pR. 454 eTale ke tattIrthana zrI pArzvanAthanA ziSya gaNI zakAya, paraMtu pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara to kahevAya ja nahIM. temAM paNa jyAre kezI muni ane kezI gaNadhara judA

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(138) jaNAvyA tyAre te temAM eka asaMbhava kathana lakhI nAkhyuM che ema kahyA vagara rahI zakAya nahIM, kAraNa ke - teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccije kesInAma kumAra samaNe, jAisaMpaNNe, kulasaMpaNNe, balasaMpaNNe, rUpasaMpaNNe, vinnysaMpavche, nALasaMpavje...... rAyapaseNiyasi payesikahANayaM, pR. 5 te vakhate tyAM-sAvatthInagarImAM-pArthApatya kezI nAme. kumAra zramaNa paNa AvelA hatA. e kezIkumAra zramaNa jAtavAna, kulIna, baliSTha, vinayI, jJAnI, samyakrazanI...... ane yazasvI hatA. eTale ke kezI gaNadhara zrI pArzvanAthanA cethI pATanA dhAraka kharA, mahAvIranA samakAlIna kharA; paraMtu zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara to nahIM ja. bIjA paNa eka be sthaLe keza vigeremAM zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara kezI muni e pATha jovAmAM AvyuM che, sArA gaNAtA vidvAnoe e bAbatamAM lakhI nAkhyuM che, paraMtu te vAstavika nathI. A bAbata prazna carcA thatAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke " zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadhara tarIke kezI nAmanI vyakti thaI nathI te matalabanuM tyAM ("prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM ) je lakhANa thayuM che te azuddha che ane kADhI nAkhavAnI jarUra che."

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A uparathI mane vastu rahevA nahIM pAme. ( 139 ) lAge che ke navI AvRttimAM A khAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina kRta 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha'mAM pazu zrI pArzvanAthanA gaNadharA samadhI keTalAMka asamaMjasa ullekhA karyAM che; paNa tenI huM atre carcA nahIM karuM. : 17 : mahAvIra ` ne buddhanI lagnavaya * prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM mahAvIra ane buddhanI lagnavaya mAmata AzcaryakArI lakhANu thayu che. temAM temanAM lagna mALapaNamAM thayA saMbaMdhe jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke -- auddha dhamanA pracAraka zrI muddeva tathA jaina dharmAMnA pracAraka zrI mahAvIra tathA rAjA zreNika vigere 13-14 varSanI ummare ja paraNyA hatA. prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 31 TI. itihAsane AdhAre tevigata taddana asatya mAlUma paDe che, tenA vicAra ahIM karavA Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke zAstramAM temanAM lagna cAvanavayamAM thayAne spaSTa nirdeza che. lagna pahelAM temane yuvAvasthA prApta thaI gaI hatI evA spaSTa ullekha che. keTalAMka tA evA mahattvanA pramANu che ke jethI zrI mahAvIranA ke buddhanA lagna khALapaNamAM thayA hAya ema kalpanA paNa kAI vidvAnane na udbhavI zake ! ( 1 ) bhayavaMpi niruvasaggaM kameNa patto taruNattaNaM /

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(140) bhagavAna nirvijJa rIte krame krame taruNa-yAtrana- avasthAne pAmyA. mahAvIra caritra ( guNacandra kRta ) pra. 4, pR. 127 ( 2 ) saptahastochatavapuH kramAt prApa ca yauvanam // 123 // yauvanaM ca navaM bharturvikAro'bhUttathA'pi na // 124 // tri. za. ca. parva 10, sarga 2, pR. 15 ( 3 ) ummukabAlabhAvo kameNa aha juSNaM samaNupatto / bhoga samatthaM nAuM ammA piyaro u vIrassa | tihirikkhami pasatthe mahaMttasAmantakulapasUyAe / kAreMti pANigahaNaM jasoyavara rAyaNNA // 79 // prabhu bALapaNane vaTAvIne krame krame yAvanAvasthAne prApta thai bhAga bhagavavA sama thayA tyAre mAtA-pitAe ........tebhanu pAthiya 4rAnyu AvazyakasUtra vRtti, ( malayagiri ) pR. 259 ( 4 ) ummukavAlamA kameNa navajovvaNaM samaNupataM / bhoga samatthaM nAuM ammApiyaro mahAvIraM 2 // bAlyAvasthA vItAvIne jyAre yAvanAvasthA prApta thaI mane bhAtApitA temane loga samartha thayA lIne.......... mahAvIra caritra ( nemicandrakRta ) pR. 34

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(141) uparanA pramANethI e sarvavidita che ke, bhagavAnanAM lagna bALapaNamAM 13-14 varSanI vaye nahIM paNa yauvanavacamAM eTale ke soLa varSa pachI ja thayA che. vaLI zAstrakAroe bALavaya, yauvanavaya vigerenI maryAdA paNa bAMdhI dIdhelI che, eTale ema paNa ApaNAthI kahI na zakAya ke terame varSe yauvanavaya prApta thAya che. zAstramAM umarane nirdeza A pramANe che. 44 morAr maved vA yAvata rAvatA madhyamaH saptatiM yAvat parataH vRddha ucyate // AcArAMga bhA. 1, 50 95 arthAta soLa varSa sudhI bALavayanI iyattA gaNI che. te pachI yauvana vaya prApta thAya. sthAnAM sUtra rIvA mAM paNa ema ja kahyuM che. mANo para mad vALa varSa sudhI te bALaka gaNya ane upara jaNAvyuM che tema bALavayane vItAvIne bhagavAna yuvAvasthAmAM AvyA ane bhoga bhegavavAne lAyaka thayA tyAre temanuM pANigrahaNa thayuM che. eTale ke temanuM lagna seLa varSa pachI ja thayuM che, te pahelAM to nahIM ja. AvA prakArane spaSTa ullekha hovA chatAM lekhaka praznacarcAmAM jaNAve che ke - kharI vAta che ke A hakIkatane spaSTapaNe kyAMya nideza thayele nathI ja temane pUrvakAlIna jaina granthamAM ghaNI ghaNI bAbatemAM samaya ke sthAna, puruSanI umara ke AyuSya vigere darzAvyA

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(142) nathI; chatAM jemate sarvanI AsapAsanI hakIkata, sAga, kSetra, kALa vigerene anusarIne gaNitazAstranA AdhAre saravALAbAdabAkI mUkIne tAravI kADhavA paDe che tema ahIM paNa te ja niyamane Azraya laIne meM anumAna derI kAryuM che." "jaina" ra9-4-36 jyAM hakIkate spaSTapaNe lakhI na hoya tyAM AsapAsanI hakIkata, saMge, kSetra, kALa vigerene anusarIne gaNitazAstra, khagoLazAstranA saravALA-bAdabAkI-guNAkAra-bhAgAkAra vigerethI badhAnI gaNatrI kADhI zakAya e kharuM, paNa jyAM cokkasa ne spaSTa hakIkate rajU karela che, bALavaya ne yauvanavayanI maryAdA bAMdhI dIdhI che ane bALavaya vaTAvyA pachI cauvanavayamAM AvyA tyAre lagna thayAne spaSTa ne sacoTa nirdeza karyo che tyAM paNa saravALA ne bAdabAkI ke gaNitazAAdine Azraya zodha ane UlaTuM ema kahevuM ke "spaSTapaNe kayAMya nirdezathayela nathI ane ema mAnIne kalpanAne baLa anumAna derI temanI tera-cauda varSanI lagnavaya TharAvI devI e keTaluM haDahaDatuM juThANuM che? varanI lagnAvasthA mATe game te gaNitazAsathI ke game tevA saravALA-bAdabAkI gaNI kADhavAmAM Ave te paNa temAMthI bIjuM kazuM nipajI zakatuM nathI ke 13-14 varSe lagna thayAnuM nIkaLI Ave ema nathI. alabatta A hakIkata temanA vAMcavAmAM na AvI hoya e saMbhavita che paraMtu potAnA vAMcavAmAM na Ave tethI kayAMya ulekha ja nathI ema na kahI zakAya. ItihAsanI bAbatamAM ke

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(143) jyAM pustake ne lekhe pramANarUpe maujUda che tyAM AvAM gapAke na cAlI zake. buddhanI lagnavaya mahAtmA buddhanI bAbatamAM paNa AvI ja rIte kalpanAjanya gaNatrI karI bhramaNA phelAvI mUkI che. kharI rIte mahAtmA buddhanA paNa 13-14 varSe lagna thayAM nathI. bauddha granthamAM spaSTa ullekha che ke temanAM lagna soLame varSa thayA che. buddhanA lagna seLabhe varSa thayA ane rAhula-buddhanA putranI mAtA yazodharA temanI paTarANI hovAne buddhacayamAM ullekha che. yauvana-saMnyAsaH kramazaH bodhisattva solaha varSa ke hue / buddhacaya, pR. 7 aura solaha-16-varSa kI Ayu meM eka kolIya rAjakumArI se usakA vivAha kara diyA / mAratIya rU. sUpareravI, ji. 1, pR. 364-16 bIjA paNa keTalAya pramANe A bAbatamAM maLI zake tema che, paraMtu ATalAthI e nizcita thaI zake che ke-zrI mahAvIra ke buddha keInAM bALavayamAM-13-14 varSe lagna thayAnI hakIkata tadana asatya che. AthI ema mAnavAne paNa kAraNa maLI Ave che ke temaNe zrI mahAvIra ke buddhanI lagnavalane AdhAra kayAMyathI meLavavAnI ke tapAsavAnI kazIza karI nathI ane kevaLa kalpanAbaLe "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM badhuM AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che.

Page #180
( 144 ) zrI mahAvIra ke yuddha jevI prasiddha vyaktionI hakIkatA kalpanALe lakhI nAkhavI ane tene itihAsa tarIke dhusADI devI e keTaluM binajavAbadArIbharyuM pagaluM che te kAi paNa buddhizALI sheje samajI zake evI vAta che. : 18 : zrIyakanA guru munipu gava sthUlabhadra ane zrIyaka e bhAi hatA ane sthUlabhadre guru sabhUtivijaya AcArya pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI evI hakIkata maLe che. prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM A khAmata matabheda UbhA karI zrIyakanA to ThIka paraMtu sthUlabhadranA guru paNa saMbhUti vijayane badale zayyaMbhavasUrine batAvyA che. sthUlabhadra paNa prasiddha vyakti che ane temanA guru tarIke saMbhUtivijaya paNa prasiddha AcAya che. vaLI pratikramaNa karanArAonA mATA bhAga e jANI zake che ke-sthUlabhadranA guru sa'bhUtivijaya AcAya che, kAraNa ke te pratikramaNamAM sAya tarIke kAi ne koi vakhate sthUlabhadranI sajjhAya jarUra sAMbhaLavAmAM AvI zake che. mAlyA tA mAragamAMhi maLIyA jo, sabhUti AcAraja jJAne aLIyA jo, saMyama dIdhu samakita teNe zikhavyuM je, sthUlabhadra sajjhAya

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(145) eTale sthUlabhadranA guru zasvaibhavasUri nahiM paNa saMtivijaya AcArya hatA; ( zayyabhavasUri te manaka muninA guru ane pitA che e paNa ethI vizeSa prasiddha hakIkata che, chatAM "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM evuM lakhANa thayuM che ke - teNe zrIyake ] blabhadrajInA guru zrI zaryAbhavasvAmI pAse dIkSA lIdhI hatI. A zayyabhavasUrinuM svarga ma. saM. 156 mAM thayuM hatuM." prA. bhA. 5. 1, pR0 366 vAstavamAM uparanI hakIkata dekhItI rIte asatya che. kharI rIte banne bhAIonI dIkSA zrI saMbhUtivijaya pAse thaI hatI ane bannenA guru paNa saMbhUtivijaye ja hatA. (1) kramAt zrIyakaH kSitipapArthAt svaputrasya mantrimudrAM dApayitvA zrIgurupArzve dIkSAM jagrAha / bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti, pR. 44 (2) itaH zrIyakaH zrIsaMbhUtivijayasUridharmopadezaM zrutvA prAptavairAgyo dIkSAM jighRkSurabhUt...tataH zrIyakaH svaM putraM mantripade sthApayitvA saMyama llau| ma. . . 2. upayukta pAThamAM guru eTale bhAInA guru samajavAnA che. eTale zrIyakanA guru paNa saMbhUtivijaya ane skUlabhadranA guru paNa saMbhUtivijaya AcAya che. zayyabhavasUri

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(146) temanA guru hevAnuM taddana asaMbhavita che, kAraNa ke zayyabhavasUri te cethI pATe thayA che ane vI. saM. 8 mAM kALadharma pAmyA che, jyAre saMbhUtivijaya te chaThThI pATe thayA che ane vi. saM. 156 mAM kALadharma pAmyA che. eTale upara je saM. Ape che te paNa asaMbaddha che. : 19 vAhIkula ke vAhIka kula ? "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM eka sthaLe lakhavAmAM AvyuM ceTakarAjA pAse sukAnI mAgaNI karavA dUta eka hatuM. tenA javAbamAM ceTaka rAjAe kahyuM ke vAhI kuLamAM utpanna thaI haihayavaMzanI kanyA irache che." prAcIna bhAratavarSa" bhA. 1, pR. ra75, TI. 47: uparanA avataraNamAM vAhIkuLa je che te galata jaNAya che. ItihAsamAMnA ullekha pramANe te vAhIka kuLa heya ema lAge che. ItihAsamAM jyAM jyAM tene ulekha che tyAM tyAM "vAhIka' e pramANe lakhAyuM che. (5) vA eka deza, jATanI jAti. zabdaciMtAmaNi, pR. 1163 (2) ceTako'pyabravIdevamanAtmajJastava prabhuH / vAhIkakulano vAJchan kanyAM haihayavaMzajAm / / 226 // tri, jI. varitra, 5. 10, 1, pR. 78

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vAha. e duSTa ApatA hatA. (147) rAjA ceTake e pramANe kahyuM ketArA havAmI- rAjAne khabara nathI lAgatI ke vAhIka kuLamAM utpanna thaIne haihayavaMzanI kanyAne irache che. (3) vahizca nAma hIkazca vipAzAyAM pizAcakau / torapatya vANIjA vaiSa STi prApa: .. upara pramANe vAhi ane haka e be duSTa AtmAnA vaMzane e vAhIka kahevAya che, jeo vipAzA nadIne kAMThe rahetA hatA. mahAbhArata karNaparva 8 Cunningham Geogropby, edition II, P. 687. (4) vAha ... ____ Avazyaka( hAribhadrIya) vRtti, pR. 677 (5) vAhIkakulAya sAvaratha(rimadIya) vRtti, pR. 77 uparanA ane bIjA paNa pramANethI siddha thAya che ke "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM AveluM vAhI kuLa satya nathI paNa vAhIkakuLa satya che. : 20 : coravADa e ja zaripura ke ? "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM zauripura saMbaMdhI ullekha karAyo che ane temAM verAvaLa pAse coravADa e ja kharuM zeripura che ema batAvavAne vRthA prayAsa thayo che.

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(148) AgrA ne alAhabAda vacce jamanA nadInA kinArA upara AvelA zauripurane meLa coravADa sAthe besAravAnI kozIza zA mATe thaI haze ane e kalpanAne ze hetu haze te kapI zakAtuM nathI. eka daSTie te e kalpanA ja vAhiyAtamuhamati vacce jevI che chatAM paNa upasthita virita eTale prazna upasthita thayela che te tene paNa pramANapuraHsara vicAra kare joIe. - prastuta granthamAM lakhyuM che ke - "auripura-zaripura, zari te carinuM apabhraMza che, ane cAri te cera uparathI TUMkuM nAma saMbhave che. eTale cerapura athavA hAlanuM coravADakaverAvaLathI vAyavya khUNe Azare bAra mAIla upara che, jyAM jainadharmanA bAvIsamA tIrthaMkara neminAthanA pitA samudravijayanuM rAjya sthApita thayuM hatuM." prA. bhA. bhA. 1, pR. 50. TI. uparanuM avataraNuM vAMcatA samajadAra vAcakane lekhakanA magajanI DAmADoLa ane avyavasthita sthitine khyAla saheje AvI jAya. zAri e corinuM apabhraMza kaI bhASAnuM ane kevI rIte thayuM? kayA vyAkaraNamAM ne kayA kezamAM vAMcyuM? tenuM koI pramANu ke AdhAra batAvyuM nathI. ciri e cAra uparathI TUMkuM nAma che enuM paNa kAMI pramANa ke AdhAra nathI. vaLI vyAkaraNanI dRSTie te TUMkuM nAma

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(14) ke a5 prayatna ne a5 mAtrAvALuM nAma cora che. cauri nAma te cAra karatAM meTuM ne adhika prayatna tathA mAtrAvALuM nAma che. eTale ciri karatAM cAra TUMkuM nAma che, e te UMdhA magajanI saMbhrAnta kalpanA che. vAstavamAM zaoNripuranI je vyutpatti karI che te bhAratanI ke yUropa, amerikAnI kaI bhASAmAMthI nIkaLI zake tema nathI. ane je muvamastIti vacce karavuM hoya te muMbaIne nAgapura mAne, mAtAne strI mAne ke putrane pitA mAne to paNa kaI kaIne kahI zake nahI. vyaktigata rIte te badhuM ya game te rIte samajI levAya paraMtu AvI vastu janatA samakSa mUkavAnuM sAhasa na karAya. dareka vastunI saMgatatA asaMgatatAne khyAla kara raho, ItihAsamAM to vizeSe karIne. coravADane zauripura ke sAMcIne pAvApurI mAnavAnI hakIkata jevI kalpanA prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM pustaka sivAya ItihAsamAM kadAca kayAMya nahIM maLe. auripuranI kharI utpatti te ema che ke-zari ane suvIra e zara rAjAnA be dIkarA hatA. rAjAe dIkSA lIdhI tyAre zaurie potAnA nAnA bhAI suvIrane mathurAnuM rAjya soMpI pite pharavA nIkaLI gaye ane teNe kuzAta dezamAM jaI navuM gAma vasAvyuM. tenuM nAma teNe potAnA nAma uparathI zAripurapADayuM. bhAvasiMhajIe potAnA nAma uparathI bhAvanagara ane jAma sAhebe jAmanagara, kRSNakumAre kRSNanagara ema rAjAo potAnA nAma uparathI rAjadhAnInA nAma pADe che

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( 150 ) te pramANe zauri rAjAe peAtAnA nAma uparathI zauripura nAma pADyu hatuM. hakIkata te A che ane te zauripura atyAra sudhI avaziSTarUpe tyAM ja che. te tIthanA AkhA vahIvaTa AgrAnA zvetAMkhara saMdha hastaka che, te sarvavidita hakIkata che. AgrA ane TuDalA vaTAvI, zikAhAbAda jakazana UtarI gADA mAge cADha mAilane Azare te jagyA che. jamanA nadI pAra karIne tyAM javAya che. atyAre tA tenA avazeSarUpe aTezvara karIne gAmaDu che ane tenI pAse TekarI upara zAripura tInuM maMdira ne dhamazALA che. i. sa. 1924 lagabhagamAM tenI karI chellI pratiSThA thai hatI. cAravADa ane zoripura e judA gAma che e teA ThAka paNa te banne vacce lagabhaga eka hajAra mAilanuM aMtara che. eka pazcima dizAmAM che; khIju pUrvamAM che. A sarvAMvidita hakIkata jANyA pachI tene zAstrIya ane itihAsanA pramANeAthI tapAsIe, sauthI prathama te zauripuranuM" jamanA nadIne kinAre heAvAnuM vana che eTaluM ja nahIM jamanA nadImAM zaiArapuranI bhAgALe keTalAka aitihAsika banAvA paNa anyAnA ullekha che.have jamanA nadI dIlhI, AAgrA, zauripura tarapha vahetI vahetI ahvAhAbAdamAM jaine gagA nadImAM maLI gai. arthAta zAripura jamanA nadI upara hAvAthI te AgrA ane allAhAmAdanA rastAmAM hAvAnu siddha che. ( 2 ) naLAna vahika gore sUrilapure pattA /

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(151) jamanA nadImAM piTI vahetI vahetI (mathurAthI ) zauripuramAM AvI. mAmAvanA (mahemacandra), pR. 26 (2) yamunA kri mUtAM? zauryapura:--saurIpura, eve samIpe jamanA kevA prakAranI ? zauripurane meLe-pAse-pAdaramAM arthAt yamunA nadI zauripuranA pAdaramAM vahe che. hIrasaubhAgyakAvya pR. 691 (3) cha he ripura raLiyAmaNe cha he, jamyA nemijiNuMda che he yamunA taTanIne taTe che , - pUjyAM hAI ANaMda. prAcInatIrthasaMgraha, bhA. 1, pR. 95 (ka) tA (TI) vAcAkSepayata ratnapUrNA tAM yamunAga II70 nadyA ninye ca maJjUSA dvAre zauryapurasya sA // 71 // dadarza kAMsyapeTAM tAM cakarSa ca bahirjalAt // 72 // - tri. za. 2. parva 8, 2, . 22 dAsIe ratnathI bharapUra te peTIne mathurA nagarIthI jamanAnA pANImAM nAkhI te taNAtI taNAtI zaripura nagara

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(15) pAse AvI ane te peTIne joI eTale pANIthI bahAra kheMcI kADhI (zaripura nagaramAM ) A rIte zauripura e jamunA nadIne kinAre hevAnuM prasiddha che. have zaripuranI sthApanA kema thaI te joIe. (1) racA sutau zaura-suvIra vIrapura che ? zauriM rAjye yauvarAjye suvIraM nyasya zararAT / ***.............., zorIstu mathurArAjyaM suvIrAyAnujanmane / dattvA kuzAtadeze'gAta tatra zauryapuraM nyadhAt // 4 // tri. za. 1. parva 8, saM. 2, pR. 20 (6) zauriH suvIrAya mathurArAjyaM dattvA svayaM yadRcchayA kuzAvartadeze vijahAra / tatra deze navInaM zauryapuraM nagaraM vyadhAt / pANDavacaritra (ga.) pR0 19 (7) zarIrAjA pitAnA nhAnA bhAI muvIrane mathurAnuM rAjya seMpIne pote kuzAvarta nAmanA dezamAM pharavA nIkaLI gayo. ane tyAMhAM jaIne eka zairyapura evA nAmanuM nagara racyuM. pAMDavacaritra ( bhASAMtara) pR. 34. (8) sauSei saTTA........ pravacanasAroddhAra ( uttarabhAgaH) pR. 446

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( 153 ) ( 9 ) saurikaM nagaraM, kuzArto deza: pravacanasAroddhAra ( utta 0 ) pR. 446 (10) soriyapuraMmi nayare Asi rAyA mahaDDhie / vasudevatti nAmeNaM rAyalakkhaNasaMju // 1 // soriyapuraMmi nayare Asi rAyAmahaDhie / samuhavijaye nAmaM rAyalakkhaNasaMju // 3 // uttarAdhyayana bRhad vRtti, pR. 489 ( 11 ) vasudevahinDI nA pR. 11 bhane 368 652 paNa A hakIkata jaNAvI che. uparanA pramANeAthI e siddha thayuM ke-zAripura jamanA nadInA kinAre hatuM ane samudravijayanuM rAjya tyAMhatuM. have bIjI rIte vicArIe. jyAre jarAsaMdha rAjAthI pIDA pAmIne jAdavA mathurAthI nIkaLI gayA tyAre te mathurAthI saurASTramAM gayA che. tyAM jatAM jatAM teo pahelAM zaiAripura paNa gayA che. (12) yAta pratIcyAmadhunA samuddizyAmbudhestaTam / bhAvI zatrukSayArambho gacchatAmapi tatra vaH // 369 // ekAdazakulakoTIsaMyuto mathurAM jahau // 363 //

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(154) gatvA zauryapure saptakulakoTIstato'pi hi / AdAya jJAtisahitaH samudravijayo'calat // 364 // tato hRSTastamarcitvA samudro vyasRjan munim / sukhAkaraiH prayANaizca surASTrAmaNDalaM yayau // 390 / / tatra raivatakasyAdreH pratyaguttarato'tha te| aSTAdazakulakoTIsaMyutAH zibiraM nyadhuH / / 391 // tri. za. caritra,parva 8, sarga 5, pR. 91, 92 (13) aha annayA narindo saurI taM ceva mahuranayarIe / ThAveUNaM sAmi sayaM kusaTTAjaNavayammi // 1683 // sauriapuraM nivesai caMdujalavivihabhavaNapaMtIhi / .. ... ... // 1684 // bhavabhAvanA vRtti ( ma0 hemacandra), pR. 114 (14) pacchimadisAe iNhiM vaccaha viMjhagiriabhimuhA tumbhe| ianicchiUNa savve viniggayA sohnndigmmiaa|2522|| pacchimadisAe samuhA tehi asaha mahuranayarapaDibaddho / logo viniggao kaNharAmajuyalANurAgeNa // 2523 // savvo'pi sUraseNAjaNavayaloo taheva ya samaggaM / soriapuraM kusaTTAnaNavayaloo gao savvaM // 2524 // bhavabhAvanA (ma0 hemacandra ) vRtti, pR0 168

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(15) (15) vaJcaMti suravAe ujjiMtagirissa pacchimuttarao / virayaMti sannivesaM ramaNijjapasatthamUbhAge // 2558 / / bhavabhAvanA TIkA (ma0 hemacandra), pR0 170 (16) vayaJcaiva mahArAja jarAsandhabhayAt tadA / mathurAM saMparityajya gatA dvAravatIM purIm // jarAsaMdhanA bhayathI mathurAnagarIne tyAga karI dvAravatI- dvArakA nagarI tarapha gayA. Historical quarterly, Vol. X, No. 3, P. 543 (7) kRti saMviA te ma pratIthI mizritI: ! kuzasthalI purIM ramyAM raivatenopazobhitAm // e pramANe vicAra karIne pazcima dizA tarapha raivatakagiranArathI zobhita kuzasthalI nagarImAM gayA. Historical quarterly, Vol. X. No. 3, P. 542 ( 18 ) Kushasthali and Dwaravati are two names of same town and it was under the shadows of the Raivataka or Gomanta Hill, and pro-- tected by it. kazasthalI ane dvAravatI e banne eka ja zaheranA nAme che, ane te raivataka ke gemanta parvatanI chAyAmAM tenAthI rakSAyalA che. Historical quarterly, Vol. X, No. 3, P. 543.

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(156) ( 19 ) In this paper, our object is to locate the site of Dwaravati, ( Dwarka )-to which place the Yadavas migrated for safety from Jarasandha's aggression, after having left Mathura in a body. Historical quarterly, Vol. X. No. 3, P. 542. (20) cedi ke pazcimottara zUrasena meM andhaka-yAdavoM kA rAjya thA, jahAM kA rAjA kaMsa jarAsandha kA dAmAda thA / bhAratIya i. rUparekhA ji. 1, pR. 162 (21) jarAsandha kA kopa kRSNa aura mathurAvAsiyoM para umar3a pdd'aa| mathurA ke yAdava derataka usakA mukAbilA na kara sake, aura pravAsa kara dvArakA cale gaye, jahAM kRSNa unakA netA bnaa|| mAratIya . sUparevA, pR. 22 A badhA pramANe uparathI sAbita thAya che ke yAdavenuM rAjya zaramenamAM jamanA nadIne kinAre hatuM, samudravijaya zaripurane rAjA hatA ane mathurAthI saiArASTramAM AvyA pahelAM zAripuranI sthApanA thaI gaI hatI, kAraNa ke yAda zaripura jaI tyAMthI bIjA yAdave sAthe sArAddhamAM AvyAne ulekha che. vaLI pAMDava caritra tema ja political History...vigere graMthethI ema jaNAya che ke-rasena ane kuzAvarta deza jamanA nadIne kAMThe che; chatAM prA. bhA. pustakamAM te AkhA dezane saurASTramAM ghasaDI lAvavAne mithyA prayAsa

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(157) thayo che. vaLI temAM zabdanA artha uparathI kuzAvata dezanI saurASTramAM sthApanA karatAM ema lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke kuzAvarakuza Avata; kuza=ghAsa; AvatachavAyaluM DhaMkAyeluM. je deza sarvatra ghAsathI vivRtta thayela che te. saurASTramAM A bhAga giranAra parvatanI taLeTIvALe pradeza che, ane tethI giranA jaMgalane deza te kuzAvata, hAlanA junAgaDha rAjyanI hakumatamAM te Avela che." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 50. TI. huM AgaLa paNa prasaMgopAta jaNAvI gayo chuM kezabdane artha karI dezanA ke vyaktinA kAlpanika nAma ne hakIkate sthApavAno prayatna avAstavika che; tema ahIM paNa je zabdanA arthathI ja mAtra kuzAvatanI sthApanA karavAmAM Ave te je je harIyALA pradeza ane ghAsathI haryAbharyA pradeza hoya te badhA kuzAvata deza gaNAvA joIe ane tyAM badhe zauripura nagaranI sthApanA karI devI joIe paraMtu te te vAhiyAta kalpanA gaNAya. vaLI bIjI rIte vicAra karIe ke jena graMthane AdhAre sADIpacIza AyazenI gaNatrI thaI che temAM kuzAvartanI rAjadhAnI zAripura ane saurASTranI rAjadhAnI dvArAvI e banne judI judI gaNAvI che. have kuzAvatane ja je giranAra ke jUnAgaDhanI AsapAsa gaNI levAmAM Ave te sADApacIza dezanI hakIkatane meLa zI rIte besI zake?

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( 158 ) A badhuM te ThIka paNa prastuta graMthamAM eka asaMbaddha ane asabhavita hakIkata tA e lakhI che keH * saurASTramAM ja uparanA naM. 10 vALA-zorapuravALA bhAga AvI jatA hatA, ane zrIkRSNanA pitA vasudeva tathA zrI neminAthanA pitA samudravijaya; temaja bIjA ATha bhAIe maLIne kula daza bhAio....mathurAthI kAThiyAvADamAM AvIne vasyA hatA. ' * prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 50, TI. 12. uparanA avataraNamAM lekhaka svaya' lakhI nAkhe che ke samudravijayanA vakhatamAM cAdavA mathurA cheDI kAThiyAvADamAM AvyA. have ApaNe e vicAravAnuM che ke-zauripuranI sthApanA kyAre thaI ane kANe karI ? ApaNe sheja UMDA utarI cAdavAnI vazALa tapAsI jaIe. (22) 'mathurA nAma purI basti,...tasyA catunAmA narezvara AsIt / yato yAdavabhUbhujAM vaMzo'bhUt / tatputraH zUranAmA / tasya aau putrau zUri- sauvIranAmAnau abhUtAm / tayoryathAkramaM rAjyaM yauvarAjyaM ca dattvA tapasyAmaMgIkRtya zUranarAdhipo divaM yayau / zauriH . kuzAvartadeze vijahAra / tatra deze navInaM zauryapuraM nagaraM I .. vyadhAt / tasya zaureH rAjyaM kurvato andhakavRSNipramukhA bahavastanayAH saMjajJire /

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( 159 ) suvIrasyApi mathurArAjyaM kurvato bhojakavRSNAdayo bahavaH putrA: saMgannire ....... zauriH andhakavRSNisutAya zauryapuraM rAjyaM dattvA ....... zivazriyamazizriyat / suvIro bhojakavRSNaye mathurAM dattvA sindhudeze gataH / ... bhojakavRSNe H mahaujasaH ugrasenanAmA tanayo'bhavat / zauryapurAdhIzasya andhakavRSNezca subhadrAnAmnyAM paTTarAiyAM... sutA daza abhuvan / teSAM nAmAni amUni - samuvinaya: punakSobhyantavanantaram ...tyAdi... arthAta mathurAmAM yadu nAmanA rAjA hatA jenAthI cAdavava'zanI sthApanA thaI. tene zUra nAmane putra thayA. tene be putrA thayAH eka zAri ne khIje suvIra. rara rAjAe zArine mathurAnuM rAjya Apyu. ne suvIrane yuvarAjapade sthApI te svargavAsI thayA. zArie mathurAnuM rAjya suvarane ApI kuzAvata dezamAM jai zAripura nagaranI sthApanA karI, tene adhakaSNui vigere putro thayA. mathurAnA rAjA suvIrane bhrAjakavRSNui vigere putra thayA. zauri rAjA aMdhakavRSNuine zauripuranuM rAjya ApI svagavAsI thayA ane suvIra rAjA bhAjakavRSNuine mathurAnu rAjya ApI sindhudezamAM gayA.

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(160) sojavRSNine ugrasena nAme putra thaze ane zauripuranA zA aMdhakavRSNine samudravijaya vigere dasa puro thayA.* pANDavacaritra gadya pR. 19 AnA uparathI vaMzAvaLI ema utare ke - yazarAja rararAjA zari suvIra aMdhakavRSNui bhejakaNi ugrasena samudravijaya vigere dasa putre. have vicAra karIe ke - jarAsandha rAjAnA vakhatamAM tenA trAsathI samudravijaya vigere yAdave saurASTramAM pahelavahelA AvyA che eTale ke zauri rAjAnI trIjI peDhIe yAdave saurASTramAM AvyA, jyAre zauripuranI sthApanA te samudravijayanA pitAnA pitA eTale ke samudravijayanI pahelA trIjI peDhIe zauri rAjAe karI ane te vakhate saurASTramAM yAdavenuM nAmanizAna paNa na hatuM. * vizeSa itihAsa pAMDava caritramAMthI joI le.

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(11) je vakhate samudravijaya saurASTramAM AvyA tyAre te zaurirAjA svargamAM hatA. pachI zauripuranI sthApanA saurASTramAM zI rIte thaI ane teNe karI? zuM zari rAjA tyAMthI zoripuranI sthApanA karavA samudravijayanA vakhatamAM utarI AvyA hatA? e vAta to ThIka paNa zauri rAjAnA vakhatamAM thayelI hakIkatane samudravijayanA vakhatamAM thayAne ulekha kare e kevI buddhimattA kahevAya? AvA ItihAsathI te kathAnaka paNa kaMIka sArAM kahI zakAya. : 21 : rAjA prasenajIta ane pradeza rAjA prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM prasenajIta ane pradeza rAjAne ekamekanA apabhraMza gaNuM te banne eka ja che ema manAvavAne catna thayo che; jyAre zAstra ane ItihAsa-pauvatya ane pAzcAtya-te banne rAjA bhinna bhinna hatA, temanuM rAjya judu hatuM ane vaMze judA hatA ema batAve che ane tene mATe DhagalAbaMdha purAvAo rajU kare che. prastuta pustakamAM ema lakhavAmAM AvyuM che ke - "te samayanA rAjavInuM nAma prasenajIta hatuM. ane te mahAtmA buddha-tathAgatane samakAlIna hate." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 79. bauddhagranthomAM jaNAvyA pramANe kezaLapatinuM nAma 11 -

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( 12 ) prasAdi che; jyAre jainagraMthA nihALatAM te samayanA kezaLapatinuM nAma pradezI rAjA nIkaLe che. tathA tene jainadharmanA tIthakara zrI pArzvanAthanI pAMcamI(?) pATe thayela kezI nAmanA AcAyanA parama bhakta mAnyA che, temaja zrI mahAvIranA samakAlIna gaNyA che. " prA. zA. pu. 1, pR. 79-80 " bauddha granthAne rAjA prasenajIta ane jaina graMthanA rAjA pradezI eka ja vyakti haze." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 80 " tenI ( kArAlanI ) rAjadhAnI aAdhyA gaNAtI hatI. i. sa. pU. nI chaThThI sadImAM je rAjAnuM svAmitva A prAMta upara hatuM temanuM nAma prasenajIta hatuM, " tene ja prasAdI ane pradezI paNa kahevAya che. (TI. 9) prA. bhA. pu. 1. pR. 75 " bauddha granthAmAM ' King Passadi ' lakhyuM' che; pradezI, pasAdI ane prasenajIta A traNa nAme eka hAi zake ke kema te bhASAzAstrIonA viSaya che..... jyAre rAdhAkumuda mukarajI * Man and thought ' nA pR. 32 mAM te zabda, pasenAdi DAvAnu jaNAve che, game te zabda hoya, mAruM anumAna ema che ke jema jaina granthamAM pradezI nAma che ane tene prAkRtamAM padezI lakhAtu haze, tema oDhanA pAlI granthAmAM mULe te padezI ke pAsI

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(13) haze, paNa tene aMgrejImAM Paddasi lakhavuM paDe; pachI aMgrejImAM lakhatAM lakhatAM keIka lekhake potAnI buddhikauzalyanA pratApe ke lekhinInA bhUte aTakacALu karyuM hoya tethI, athavA prasenajIta ke pesenajItanA nAmeccAranI sAthe sAmya batAvavA padAsIne badale pasAdI Pasadi karI nAkhyuM heya." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 80. TI. 22 uparanA kathanamAM lekhake bauddha graMtha ne jena granthanuM eke nAma ApyuM nathI. mAtra bauddha grantha ne jena grantha zabdo mUkI kalpanA karI che. vaLI "prakRtamAM padezI lakhAtuM haze" ema lakhavAnI zI jarUra? prAkRta pustaka tapAsavAmAM AvyA hatA te prasaMge pAtta sthaLe sthaLe tenuM nAma Ave che tethI savayaM jANI zakAya ke prAkRtamAM pravezInuM zuM kAma thAya che. paNa khoTI zaMkAo UThAvI janatAne bhramamAM nAkhavAne prayAsa te nathI thatuM ne ? ene artha te e thAya ke prAkRta-saMskRta bhASAnuM jJAna na hoya evA jaDa leke mATe A grantha lakhAye hoya; kAraNa ke prAkRta-saMskRta bhASAnA graMtha vAMcanArA te ghaDIbharamAM e jANI zake ke pradezanuM prAkRta rUpa-nAma zuM thAya. temane e viSayanI zaMkA ja na thavA pAme. uparanA avataraNamAM eka sthaLe lakhyuM che. "pAlI granthamAM padAsI thatuM haze." are ! Ama thatuM haze ne

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(14) tema thatu haze evI mULa vagaranI vAta| itihAsamAM na cAle. pAlI bhASAnA granthA tapAsavAnI mahenata laine pachI anumAna AMdhavuM ghaTe. A ItihAsa lakhavAnA dAvA che; kathAnaka lakhavAnA dAvA nathI. anyatra lakhyu che. " aMgrejImAM Paddasi lakhavuM paDe" mAnI laie ke aMgrejImAM game te lakhavuM paDe paNa tethI zu? aMgrejImAM je lakhavuM paDe te bhAratIoe paNa lakhavuM paDe evA phAI niyama nathI. vaLI aMgrejImAM je lakhAya te pramANu tarIke svIkAravuM ja paDe e paNa niyama nathI. aMgrejImAM lakhAyaluM paNa asaMgata thatu hoya teA game teTalu buddhikauzalya vApare tApaNu te kai rIte svIkaraNIya na lekhAya. uparanA avataraNAmAM pasAdI, padethI, paddAsI, pasenAdI e cAra nAme matAnyAM che ane te cAre nAme hubaMga jevA che; chatAM tenA sabaMdhamAM pAnAe bharI bharIne niraka vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI rAdhAkumuda mukarajInuM lakhANa vAMcavAmAM ja bhUla karelI che. " Man of Thought' By R. Mookerji temAM lakhyu` che ke-Pasenadi of Kosala paraMtu tenu gujarAtI bhASAMtara karavAmAM bhUla karI che. vAstavamAM tene anuvAda pasenAdine badale pasainiMda karavAnA che; kAraNa ke prasenatanuM prAkRta rUpa serdi thAya che. e ja pramANe badhA aMgrejImAM adhe sthaLe Pasenadi rUpa lakhAyuM che ane tenu gujarAtI pasainiMde ja karAya che.

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(165) tenA upara je kalpanA karIne tenuM gujarAtI rUpa vikRta ja karavuM hoya te pAsenAdi, pAsenadi, pasenAdi vigere thaI zake, paraMtu te te vikRta rUpa kahevAya. vaLI pradezI e saMskRta nAma che, prAkRta nathI. prAkRtamAM padezI lakhAtuM haze" ema lakhavAmAM lekhakanuM bhASAajJAna sUcita thAya che. pradezanuM prAkRtarU5 pahelI vA patI thAya che ane tene ulekha ThekANe ThekANe zAstromAM maLI paNa Ave che. aMgrejImAM tene Pass lakhAya che. Hermann Jacobi tene pANI_Paesi tarIke lakhe che. juo jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaMDa 1, aMka 4, pR. 173 temAM Paesi nAma vAparyuM che. Avazyaka cUrNimAM paNa pANI nAma vAparyuM che eTale ke kaleza nuM prArA 5 pazI nahIM paNa pANI lakhAya che. pahelI paNa jovAmAM Ave che paraMtu pachI thatuM nathI. eTale "praveza ne prAkRtamAM zI lakhAtuM haze ke bauddhanA pAlI graMthamAM mULe te pahelI ja vAra haze." evI AdhAra vagaranI kalpanA karavI tene kaze artha nathI. vaLI kanita ke ghanit nA nAmoccAra sAthe pasAra nAmane kazuM sAmya nathI. te banne zabda judA, nAme judA ane vyaktie paNa judI che. vaLI kezaLapatinuM nAma pradeza rAjA hatuM e maMtavya paNa bilakula nirAdhAra ane asatya che. kezaLapatinuM nAma

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(166) dezI rAjA nahIM paNa rAjA prasenajIta hatuM. temanI rAjadhAnInuM nAma sAvathI hatuM. te rAjA itihAsamAM pati, panagha ke ghaTTa tarIke oLakhAya che. teo mahAvo rAjAnA putra hatA, te nAmanAtha vagerethI jANI zakAya che. jyAre kazI nA te keyAdhipati hatA ane temanI rAjadhAnInuM nAma viya hatuM. ema banne rAjAo ane te bannenA rAja ane rAjadhAnIo e badhuM juduM juduM che. pradeza rAjA ane rAjA prasenajIta e banne judA judA che ema sAmAnyapaNe jANyA pachI temane zAkta rItie ane ItihAsamAM UMDA utarIne tapAsIe. rAjA prasenajIta (1) vikSa tara uttara tene ra AnA kaniSita (=vnadi) kosala kA ThIka uttara hogA? masjiniya, . 26 (rAdura) (2) ... mAjharAnA (=rasenajita pitA)ne viMvasaar ko kanyA dete vakta, donoM rAjyoM ke bIca eka lAkha Aya kA kAzIgrAma kanyA ko diyaa| yuvaryA, (rAdu) pR. jarUra (3) rAjA mahAkozaladvArA kAzI kA vinaya i. sa. pUrva 2 meM jorA meM ghanita 60-12 .. bhAratIya itihAsa rUparekhA, ji. 1, pR. 463

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(167) (4) mahAkozala kA beTA pasenadi yA prasenajita thaa| usane takSazilA meM zikSA pAI thI, aura vaha pitA kI taraha hI pratApI thaa| bhAratIya i. rUparekhA, ji.1, pR. 319 (5) usakA samakAlIna magadha kA rAjA seniya (zreNika) biMbisAra thA / (rAjyakAla laga.601-552 i. sa. pU.), jisake sAtha pasenadi kI eka bahana kA byAha huA thaa| bhAratIya i. rUparekhA, ji. 1, pR. 319 (6) pasenadhi, bimbisAra Adi rAjAoM ke samakAlIna - mahAtmA buddhadeva the| ... . bhAratIya i. rUparekhA, ji. 1, pR. 353 (7) Tarerdi's wads leccided in the Mejjim Nikaya II, 124 " Political: History of Ancient. India'' P. 70 (8) Prasenajit, king of Bravasti. zrAvastInA rAjA prasenajIta. " Political History of A. India" P. 73. (9) In the time of Mahakosala's son and successor Pasenadi or Prasenajit...... . " Political History of A. India' P. 110

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( 18 ) mahAkAzaLa rAjAnA putra ane uttarAvikArI pasenAda athavA prasenajItanA samayamAM, (10) In Kosala king Mahakosal had been succeeded by his son Pasenadi or Prasenajit...... rAjA mahAkAzala peAtAnA putra pasenadi ke prasenajitadvArA kAzaLamAM saphaLa thayA hatA. " * Political History of A. India " P. 188 (11) yevamavi te yuddhi: zrAvatI trana tatpurIm / tatrA'sti tvatpiturmitramindradatta iti dvijaH // 476 // sa prasenajito rAjJaH puraH prAtaranIyata / pRSThazca kathayAmAsa svarNamASakathAM tathA // 101 // jo tArI marajI hoya te! tuM zrAvastI nagarImAM jA, tyAM tArA pitAnA IMdradatta nAme mitra rahe che. tene savAramAM prasenajIta rAjA pAse lai javAmAM AngeA. rAjAe tene pUchyuM eTale teNe e mASA suvaNu mATe DelA javAnI kathA jevI hatI tevI kahI batAvI. tri. za. caritra, pavaeN 20, ni ??, pR. 212-112 12) kosaMbI kAsavajasA kavilo sAvatthI indadatto ya / ibme ya sAlibhadde dhaNasiTTi paseI rAyA /

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(169) kezAbImAM kAzyapane putra kapila, sAvasthImAM Indradatta, garbhazrImanta zeTha zAlibhadra ane pesenadi rAjA che. uttarAdhyayana (bRhavRtti) pR. 286 (23) vA vAvasthI nArI........... tato pabhAe paseNaissa raNNo uvaNIto, utarAdhyayana (vRtti ) pR. 287-88 (14) 180 je vakhate rAjA pacesI seviyA nagarImAM rAjya karato hato te vakhate rAjA jitazatru kuNAla dezanI sAvatthI nagarIne rAjA hate. kuNAla deza samRddhivALo hate ane sAvasthI nagarI paNa RddhisiddhithI bharelI hatI. rAjA jitazatru pacesI rAjAne AjJAdhArI khaMDiyo rAjA hato. zrI rAyapaNuIya sutta, pR. 102 (paM. bahecaradAsakRta) gu. anuvAda upara pramANe jenazAmAM prasenajItane viSe prasaMge pAra sthaLe sthaLe ullekha Ave che; chatAM nIce pramANe lakhavuM te haDahaDatuM jUThANuM ja gaNI zakAya. paNa jainagranthakAroe te, sama khAvA paNa prasenajitanuM nAma, keI ThekANe ghUsI javA na pAme tenI sakhta takedArI rAkhelI dekhAya che. " prA. zA. pu. 1, pR. 84. lekhakanuM A kathana jainazAstra viSayaka ajJAna batAvanAruM che. sAthe sAthe ena ItihAsakAra ne zAstrakAra

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(100) AcAryonuM apamAna karanAruM che. jenazAe vAMcavA nahIM, tapAsavA nahIM, jevA nahIM, emane ema, mAhitI meLavyA vagara hAye rAkhavuM ane ItihAsanA lekhaka tarIke dAve kare e vidvatsamAjamAM keTaluM hAsyAspada che? prasenajItane prAkRta zabda pArU e jainagranthamAM ja moTe bhAge dekhAya che. vaLI tene jitazatru evA samartha nAmathI jainazAstromAM oLakhAvAya che. "bhArata zilAlekho' pustakamAM anya vidvAnoe tene mATe te khAsa ullekha karyo che, je jo mATe kharekhara dhyAna kheMce evo che. (15) 10. *(a) Raja Pasenaji. Kosalo BT. (168) (b). Bhagavato Dhammacakam.BT. (169) (c) Raja Pasenadi Kosalo, [Digha, 1, P.103] Raya Jiyasattu-the king of Savatthi [ Jain U vasaga Dasao. ] ***********************...... Pasenji, like A jateatu, is an honorific name or a title assumed by the king of Kosala, and its meaning is quite evident from Jain synonym Jiyasattu, the Conqueror. Barhut Inscriptions P. 64. by Barua & Sinha. * (a) " King Prasenajit of Kosala." (b) " The Dharmacakra of the divine Master."

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(17) atha-rAyA chaasatta-sAvatthI nagarIne rAjA chatazatru ema uvAsagadasAo-jenA AgamasUtramAM kahyuM che. prastuta pustakanA lekhaka tenuM vivecana karatAM lakhe che ke - ajAtanI mAphaka prasenajita paNa mAnavAcaka nAma athavA te pada-TAITala che je kezaLapatie dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. jainoe uvAsadasAo sUtramAM aparanAma tarIke vAparela "chatazatru" (vijetA-Conqueror ) zabda tenA vAstavika arthane bilakula spaSTa rIte rajU kare che. bhArahuta zilAlekhe, pR. 64 (16) tattha NaM sAvatthIe nayarIe paesissa ranno aMtevAsI jiyasatta nAma rAyA hotthA / tyAM zrAvastI nagarImAM pradezI rAjAne aMtevAsI ( paDezamAM rahevAvALe ) jitazatru (prasenajita) nAmane rAjA hate. rAyapaseNiyaMsi paesikahANaya, pR. 3 (17) evaM khalu, jambU , teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM, AlabhiyA nAma nyrii| saGkhavaNe urjANe / jiyasattU raayaa| te kALe ne te samaye jabUdvIpamAM AlabhIyA nAmanI nagarI zaMkhavana udyAne jitazatru rAjA savArasAgo ba0 1 (ADITeTa thAya , paNa, ho ho ) pU.10

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(902) (18) In the Rayapasenaijja Jiyasattu is mentioned as king of Savatthi. "In the Kunala country." The town is the well-known capital of the Kosala country. The Uvasagadasao (A. F. R. Hoernle ) P. 103 (19) The relation between Prasenajit and the Buddha are commemorated in stone in one of the Bharhut sculptures. The sculpture bears two inscribed labels: (1) Raja Pasenaji Kosalo, and (2) Bhagavato Dhama-chakan. This indicates that Prasenajit was an adherent of the Buddha symbolized as Dharma-chakra. "Hindu Civilization. ' P. 182 ( 20 ) We thus find that the three contempo. raries of Buddha-Bimbisar, Prasenajit, and Udayan, belonged respectively to the twenty-second, twenty. third, twenty-fourth generation after the Great Battle. "Hindu Civilization " P. 154 ApaNe AthI ema samajI zakIe chIe ke biMbisAra, prasenajita ane udayana, buddhadevanA samakAlIna hatA ane te traNe anukrame mahAyuddha pachInI bAvIzamI, trevIsamI ane vIzamI peDhIe thayA che.

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(173) (21) He was deputed by king Eimbisar to king Prasenajit for settlement in Kosala as a banker. Hindu Civilization. P. 252 (22) Pasenadi K, see Prasenajit. and This Ajitesatru, after a first victory in his war on Prasenajit (Pasenadi) of Kosala, was captured by him, and then was set at liberty and received his daughter in marraige. A ajAtazatrune kezaLadezanA prasenajita ke prasenaMda sAthenI laDAimAM tene prathama vijaya thayA pachI tene prasenajita rAjAe pakaDI lIdheA hatA ane cheADI devAmAM Avye hatA. taduparAMta tenu peAtAnI putrI sAthe lagna karAvI ApyuM hatuM. Ancient India & Indian Civilization P. 25 & 429 (23) Pasenadi was the son of Mahakosala. king of Kosala, He was educated at Taxila: Mahali, a Licchavi prince, and a Malla prince of Kusinara were his class-mates. D. C., Pt, I, pp. 337-338. ...... The Sakyas became the vassals of king Pasenadi of Kosala.........

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(298) Pasenadi heared this reply and became his deciple. (S. N, Vol. 1, pp 68-70 ) Buddhistic Studies P, 208-213 ( 24 ) And the Ikshvaku Prasenajit (Pasenadi) of Kosala, was contemporary with the Buddha. Cambridge History of India, Vol. 1, P. 310 (25) Pasenadi found himself deserted by all his people. panadIe pitAnI jAtane badhA mANasothI vikhUTI y Sell at S........ " Cambridge History" Vol. 1, P. 181 (26) Pasenadi who was born about the same time as the Buddha ......... os Cambridge History" Vol. 1, P. 180 pasenadi lagabhaga buddhanA samaye ja jamyA hatA. ( 27 ) Her father Dhananjaya was sent by Bimbisar to Pasenadi, who had requested to have a wealthy person in his Kingdom. "The Life of Budhba'' by E. J. Thomas. P. 105. ( 28 ) Khema was wife of Bimbisara, and is recorded to have given instruction to king Pasenadi.

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(954) khemA bibisAranI patnI hatI ane tene mATe ema ullekha che ke-te seinadi rAjAne sUcanAo ApatI hatI. * The Life of Buddha' P. 110 (29) Then Buntba, to pastnudi's alari2 pointed an out sitting near them. The Life of Buddha' P. 121 (50) so pustimi, king of the Kosalas, is represented as becoming his royal patron at Savatthi. * The Life of Buddha * P. 138 (31) Parcetina-Sutill --Buddha's Counsel to a man who had lost a son, and the dispute of ning preseroidlikud his wife thereon ......... Dhammaceti!Swiis --- pitsenudi visits Buddha, Kammukutinaia S a-i conversation between Buidha and pasenudi. "The Life of Buddha" P. 26 ( 32 ) Thus Pasenadi's sister, the Kosad cui, was the wife of Bimbisara-king of Magadha. pasenadinI bahena kezaladevI magadharAja biMbisa ranI patnI thatI hatI. " Buddhist India': 1, 3 ( 33 ) That Pasenadi asked for one of the daughters of the Sakiya chiel's as his wise. * Buddhist India" P. 11

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(299) (34) The Licchavis apear to have been on friendly terms with king prasenajit of Kosala. Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India, P.110( 35 ) A great hall of the Law ( Saddhama. Mabasala) was built by king pasenadi for Bundha. (Ibib. pp. 1-2.) rAjA prasenajite buddhane mATe eka meTe hAla (sadhdhamma mahAzALA) baMdhAvI Apyo hate. << Ancient Indian Tribes " P. 54 (36) Prasenajit of Rosala, who had seen the Master, and Udayana of Kausambi, at whose command the famous sandalwood figure was prepared by a master who had been sent to heaven, Buddhist Art in India, P. 171 ( 37 ) We should be equally ready to find King Prasenajit, the impartial president of this public manifestation. The begginings of Buddhist Art, P. 174 ( 38 ) From Kapila vatthu the Buddha is said to have gone to Savatthi, the capital of Kosala where Pasenadi was king... Hinduism and Buddhism, Vol. I, P. 148 (39) He ( Adjatasatru ) said, " Sirs, Prasenadjit was a sovereign king, and it is very unfortunate that he has died in my realm..." The life of Buddha by Rockhill, P. 116.

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(177) ( 40 ) The accession of Prasenajit has been dated in circa. 533 B. C. Chronology of Ancient India, P. 253 uparanA ATalA badhA judA judA pustakeH prAcIna AgamathI laI karI arvAcIna chellAmAM chellI zodhakheLapUrNa pautya ane pAzcAtya vidvAnethI lakhAyalA aitihAsika pustakanA purAvAthI rAjA prasenajitanI hakIkta jANuM, ane temAM prasenajita ane parsanadi eka che te paNa jANyuM; paraMtu prasenajita ane pradezI rAjA eka che e kayAMthI paNa ullekha maLe nathI, maLatuM nathI, chatAM prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM ema lakhavuM ke " bauddha granthane rAjA prasenajita ane tenA granthane rAjA pradezI eka ja vyakti haze, athavA AgaLa jaIne ema nizcaya karI de ke "tenI kezaLanI rAjadhAnI adhyA gaNAtI hatI... ( tyAMnA) rAjAnuM nAma prasenajita hatuM ane tene ja pasAdi athavA pradezI paNa kahevAya che." ema lakhI nAkhavuM e te haDahaDatuM juThANuM che. je lake atihAsika anaveSaNamAM jIvana vitAve che, je pUrvAcAryo tatkAlIna samayane satya citAra Ape che te badhAne "prA. bhA." lekhaka zuM vicAra vagaranA ke anubhava vagaranA gaNAvavA mAge che? ane te paNa asatya, asaMbaddha ane nimULa kalpanA karIne ? upara pramANe prasenajitanI hakIkata jANyA pachI pradezI rAjAne paNa itihAsa tapAsI jaIe. 12

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(178) pradezI rAjA pradezI rAjA keDyAdhipati hatA ane temanI rAjadhAnI seviya hatI, e ApaNe pAchaLa vAMcI gayA. tene mATe vizeSa hakIkata paNa tapAsIe. (41)paesi(Na) pradezina-puM0 svanAmakhyAte zvetAmbikAnagarIrAje prAcyabhave sUryAbhadeve / abhidhAnarAjendra ' bhA. 5, pR. 28 (42) bhArahe vAse keiyaaddhe....tattha NaM seyaviyAe NayarIe paesI nAmaM rAyA hotthA / bhAratavarSanA keDyAdhamAM seviyA nagarImAM pradezI nAmanA rAjA hatA. rAyapaseNIsUtra (43) paesirAya-pradezirAja-puM. / zvetAmbikAnagarIpatau sUryAbhapUrvabhavanIve, sthAnAMga aSTamasthAne / abhidhAnarAjendra, bhA. 5, pR. 41 ( 44 ) tattha NaM sAvatthIe nayarIe paesissa ranno aMtevAsI jiyasattU nAma rAyA hotthA / rAyapaseNiyaMsi paesikahANayaM, pR. 3 (45) sAvatthInI Raat zatru (prasenamita) seya. viyAnA rAjA paesine aMtevAsI-deza samIpe rahenAre-hate. rAyapaNuIya sutta, pR. 210 (5. mADeyarahAsata)

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(179). (46) tA vANI rAyA nathI jyAru mAtha... pAhuDaM sajAvei / cittaM sArahiM saddAvei / saddAvittA evaM vayAsi of vitta tuma sAvathI nAra................tALa nitte tArI......te martha nAva pAdu ida gaMtavAhiM varamANe vasamANe kekyaaddhassa jaNavayassa majjhamajjheNaM jeNeva kuNAlAnaNavaye neva bhAvathI nArI tene savAcha . pasirIyaM, pR. 24 (47) eka vakhate rAjA pasIe citta sArathIne bolAvIne kahyuM ke, citta! tuM sAvathI nagarIe jA ane tyAM jItazatru rAjAne A ApaNuM bheTa ApI Ava. tathA tyAMnA rAjakA, rAjanItio ane rAjavyavahAra tuM jAte pote ja jItazatru rAjAnI sAthe rahIne ja jete-saMbhALatA thoDo vakhata tyAM rahI paNa Ava e rIte te seyaviyA nagarIthI nIkaLI keka ardha dezanI vacce thatuM kuNAla dezanI sAvathI tarapha javA lAgyuM. vacce vacce bahu lAMbA nahIM evA sukharUpa zirAmaNIvALA paDAva karate karate te sAvathI nagarIe jaI pahoMcyo. - rAyapaNuya sutta, pR. 102-3 (paM. bahecaradAsa kRta) (48) We learn from Jaina sources that one half of the Kekaya kingdom was Aryan and the Kekaya a city was known as Seyaviya.

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(180). kekayarAjyane ardha bhAga Aryo hato ane e dezanA nagarane seviya kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM ema jaina mULa AdhAre parathI ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe. Indian Antiquary' 1891, P. 375 (49) But Setavya was not only an important bolting station on the high road connecting Savatthi with Kapila vatthu; but also an important town in Kosala, the official head quarters of a royal chieftain named Payasi ( Jain Paesi). saMtavya nagara kapilavastu ane zrAvastIne joDanAra moTA rastA uparanA vihAra-sthaLa tarIke ja mAtra mahatvanuM na hatuM, paraMtu keLanuM eka mahatvanuM zahera paNa hatuM, jyAM pAyAsI (jena pAyesI) nAmanA royala cIphanA ephizyala heDakavATarsa hatAM. Memories of the Arch. Survey of India, No. 50, P. 9 AthI spaSTa samajAya che ke-prasenajita ane pradezI rAjA banne judA judA hatA. e viSe bIjA paNa aneka prAcIna ane arvAcIna pramANe ane ullekhe maLI zake tema che paraMtu laMbANa khUba thayuM che eTale vizeSa kazuM na umeratAM te banne rAjAnI samakAlInatA ane bhinnatA saMbaMdhI ekAda be ulekho TAMkIza. (50) Once Kumar Kassapa, with a large number of Bhikhus went to Setavya Payasi was the chief

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(181) at the place. He enjoyed enormous wealth given by Pasenadi, king of Kosala. He was a false believer, but his false belief was displaced by Kumar Kassapa. kumAra kasyapa (kAzyapa ) eka vAra ghaNuM bhikSuo sAthe setavya gayA. payAsI saMtavyanA rAjA hatA. kezalanA rAjA pAsenadIe Apela puSkaLa dravyane temaNe upalega karyo hate. teo nAstika hatA. kumAra kansTape temanI nAstikatAnuM nivAraNa karyuM hatuM. Ancient Indian Tribes" Vol. I, P. 85 (12) tena ravo na samathena yANi rAgo hetavyuM. janahi jona tni rAgaTya ... ... vInivAya mA. 2, pR. 227 * pacAsa e vAstavamAM ti che, paraMtu te lipinI DimAtrA vAMcavAmAM phera thavAthI pati ne badale pAyANi lakhAyuM hovAno saMbhava che. li zabdamAM thano pahelAM je kAnA jevuM nizAna che te kharekhara kAne nathI paNa paDimAtrAnI lipimAM e kAnA jevuM nizAna, 2 uparanI mAtrA che. (baMgALI lipimAM hajI paNa emaja lakhAya che.) eTale enuM kharuM vAcana ki thAya, paNa mAtrA vAMcavAnI bhUlane pariNAme ane 4 pachI bIje kAna vadhI javAne kAraNe pati ne badale pAyala thayuM hoya e svAbhAvika che. rayApada suta ( gua7 ) pR. 20 TI.

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(182) uparanA be prabaLa purAvAothI ema spaSTa siddha thAya che ke bauddha paNa ghaNI rAga ane rAjA nimitta banene judI judI vyakti tarIke svIkAre che. jeno paNa te bannene judI vyaktio mAne che. alabatta te bane ke-bauddho ne jeno-pradezI rAjAnI hesIyatane judI judI rIte svIkAre che paraMtu tenI vAstavika hesIyata zI ane kevI hatI tenuM vivecana karavuM atre aprAsaMgika gaNAya. ahIM te eTaluM ja mAtra sUcana karavAnuM che ke jene ane bauddho te bannene judA mAne che. ema hovA chatAM prA. zA. nA lekhaka ema kahe ke-" bauddhone prasenajit ane jenone pradezI rAjA (ke payAsi ke dezI) e eka ja haze-che." ema lakhIne tenA AkhA ItihAsane asatya TharAvavAno prayAsa karyo. nathI jaNAte ? vaLI bIjI vAta e Ave che ke prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM kezalanI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA gaNAvI che te paNa haMbaga che. te vakhatanI tenI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA nahIM paNa sAvaOI hatI. ( 52 ) With the downfall of the Kingdom of Kosala began the decline of Sravastii-its capital.. kezala rAjyanAM adhaHpatana thavA sAthe tenI rAjadhAnI zrAvastInuM paNa adhaHpatana thayuM. Memories of Arch. Survey of India, No 50, P. 80

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(183) ( 53 ) Sravasti the ancient capital of the Kosala country. zrAvastI e kezala dezanI prAcIna rAjadhAnI hatI. Memories of Arch. Survey of India, No. 50, P. 1 ( 54 ) The prosperity of Srarasti is, after all, the prosperity of the kingdom of Kosala. zrAvastInI abhivRddhi-AbAdI-e kharI rIte kozala dezanI AbAdI gaNAya. Memories of Arch. Survey of India, No. 6. P.11 vaLI ayodhyA ane zvetAMbI nagarI baMnene eka gaNAvavAno prayAsa thayo che, e paNa asatya che. AvAM te aneka asatyo temAM bharyAM paDyAM che. keTalAMka gaNAvI zakAya? .: 22 : kanakakhala tApasa ke Azrama? kanakapala Azrama bAbata ullekha karatAM prA. bhA. nA lekhaka kalpasUtrane havAle ApI jaNAve che ke - ayodhyA jatAM vacce kanakhala tApasanA AzramavALuM moTuM jaMgala Avela che, jyAM zrI mahAvIre caMDakozIyA nAgane pratibaMdha ApI bujha hate." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 62, TI. 37 kharI rIte kalpasUtranI TIkAne artha ja barAbarakarA nathI.

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(184) vAstavamAM e hakIkata nathI. kharI hakIkta te che e ke kanakakhala kaI tApasanuM nAma nathI paNa eka AzramanuM nAma che. badhe sthaLe jyAM jyAM te nAma Ave che tyAM tyAM Azrama tarIke ja tene gayuM che. (1) kanakakhalAkhyatApasAzramaH / kanakakhala nAmane tApasane Azrama che. tri. za. caritra, parva 10, sarga 3, pR. 27 (2) sa cyusvA kanakakhale sahasrArdhatapasvinAm / ___ patyuH kulapateH patnyAH putro'bhUt kaushikaahvyH||236 teNe AvIne kanakhalanA AzramamAM pAMcase tapasvIonA pati-kulapatinI patnInI kukSimAM janma lIdhe. tenuM nAma hozi: setu tri. za. caritra, parva 10, sarga 3, pR. 27 (3) kaNagakhale Asamapae paMca tAvasasayAhivaissa kulavaiNo gihiNIe uvavannA dAragattaNNeNaM // ma. ca. ( guNacandra ) patra 174 (1) kanakakhalaM NAma AsamapadaM / ___ A. cU. pUrvAI, pR. 277 (5) kaNagakhala majheNa vaccati....... kaNagakhale paMcaNhaM tAvasasayANaM kulavaissa tAvasI poTTe aayaat||...tss ya adUre seyavIyA NAma ngrii|

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(185) kanakakhala( Azrama )mAM pAMcase tApasenA kuLapatinI patnIne udare AvyA.....tenI pAse setavyA nAmanI nagarI che. AA. pU. pUrvAda, pR. 278 (6) avazya sUtra hAridrIya vRtti tathA malayagikRita Avazyaka vRttimAM paNa upara pramANe kahyuM che, eTale ke uparanA badhA kathanathI kanakakhala e Azrama che ema nizcita thAya che chatAM tene kAi tApasanuM nAma OMvAnuM kahevuM te yuktisaMgata nathI. kai saMskRtanA jANakAra mANasa pAse atha karAvI lIdhe hAta tA AvI bhUlA na thavA pAmata. vaLI temAM cAdhyA jatAM vacce kanakakhala...'Ave che ema je lakhyu che te paNa asatya che, kAraNa ke kanakakhala Azrama aceAdhyA jatAM nahIM paNa zvetAM jatAM Ave che. ( kAraNa ke bhagavAna kanakakhala AzramathI zvetAMbI gayA che.) : prAcarcAmAM paNa tee nakakhaLa tApasa lakhe che e te bhAre AzcaryanI vAta che. temane e AkhatanA izArA karavA chatAM teo peAtAnA kadAgrahane pakaDI rAkhe che. vaLI temAM lakhe che'kanakakhaLa tApasa ane caDakauzikanu vRttAMta vAMcatA paNa samajAya che " paraMtu kanakakhaLa ta:pasanuM ane caMDakauzika bannenu vRttAnta zAmAM temaNe vAMcyuM che te te jaNAvyuM nathI. AdhAra vagara athavanAnI kalpanA karatAM ane pAchI pakaDI rAkhatAM paNa temane saMkeca thatA nathI e zaramanI vAta gaNI zakAya.

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(186) * 23 : vajabhUminuM sthAna bhagavAna mahAvIre kaSTa sahana karI karmone kSaya karavA mATe vajabhUmimAM vihAra karyo che ane te saMbaMdhI prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM paNa tene ullekha che; paraMtu temAM zrAvastI nagarInI uttare himAlaya pahADI pradezane vajAbhUmi batAvI che, je zAstrIya rIte asaMgata Thare che. "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM te saMbaMdhe e ullekha che ke - jena graMthamAM lakhela che ke-zrI mahAvIre dIkSA lIdhA pachI navamuM comAsu vajabhUmimAM karyuM hatuM." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 16pa, TI. 44 anArya deza gaNIne zrAvastInI uttare himAlayanA pahADI dezane vajIbhUmi kahevAtuM hoya evI kalpanA karI che." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 166. TI. 4 mArI mati anusAra te anAya nahIM paNa vaja eTale sakhta ke vakra manadazA bhagavatA manuSyavALI bhUmi, evo artha kare joIe." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 166, TI. 44 uparanA avataraNomAM pahelA te svakalpanA baLe zrAvastInI uttare anArya deza gaNAvI dIdho ane pachI anAryanI vyAkhyA pitAnA manamUjabanI karI sela mAryuM

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(17) paraMtu ethI kharI vAbhUmi ukhaDIne tyAM na AvI paDe AcArAMga sUtranA pATha vAMcavAmAM AvyA hota te AvA asatya vidhAnanI kalpanA karavAne nirarthaka zrama na veTha paData, vAstavamAM te vakhate jene anAyabhUmi ke vajabhUmi mAnI ane te vakhate jyAM mahAvIra vihAra karyo tene AzrIne hakIkata lakhAvI joIe. Aje huM vA zabdanA arthane anusarI viMdhyAcaLanA pahADI pradezane vajabhUmi ke anAyabhUmi mAnI lau tethI vidhyAcaLane pradeza bhagavAne batAvelI vajAbhUmi ke anAryabhUmi kadI na banI jAya. temaja zrAvastInI uttaranA himAlayanA pahADI pradezane anArya gaNI tene bhagavAna mahAvIra vicaryA hatA te vajabhUmi tarIke kalpanA karavI e asaMbaddha che. vaLI vAbhUmi eTale anAya nahIM paNa vajI zabdane je artha thAya tene anusarI sakhta bhUmine vajabhUmi manAvavAno yatna thaye che. je ema ja karavuM hoya te. je je pahADI bhUmi hoya te badhI sakhta bhUmi athavA anAryabhUmi samajI, e badhI bhUmione zrI mahAvIre kahelI anAryabhUmi gaNI tyAM badhe zrI mahAvIre vihAra karyo hate ema mAnI levuM paDe; paNa te keTaluM avAstavika ne hAsyAspada Thare che te sau kaI samajI zake tema che. - have zAstrIya vajabhUmi kaI che ane kayAM hatI te tapAsIe. te saMbaMdhI zAstrIya temaja bhaugolika daSTie ghaNA pramANo maLI zake che. temAMnAM keTalAka mahattvanA ahIM TAMkIza.

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(108). (1) aha duccaralADhamacArI vajabhUmiM ca submabhUmiM ca / paMtaM sijaM seviMsu AsaNagANi ceva paMtANi // 82 // lAdehiM tassuvasaggA bahave jANavayA lUsisu / aha lUhadesie bhatte kukurA tattha hiMsisu niviNsu||3|| AvA vRtti, pR. 28 vaLI bhagavAna durgaya lADha dezanA vabhUmi tathA zabdabhUmi nAmanA bane bhAgomAM vicaryA hatA. tyAM temane rahevAne ghaNuM halakI vasatIo maLatI; temaja pIThaphalakAdi Asana paNa ghaNA halakA maLatA. lADha dezamAM te bhagavAnane ghaNuM upasargo thayA tyAMnA loke temane mAratA, bhejana paNa lUkhuM maLatuM, tathA kUtarAo AvI viraprabhunI upara paDatA ne karaDatA. A uparathI spaSTa rIte mAlUma paDe che ke bhagavAna lADha dezanI aMtargata AvelA pradezamAM vajabhUmi mAnIne vicaryA che eTale lADha deza kayAM Ave tene ja prathama vicAra karIe. lADha dezanuM sthAna nakakI thayA pachI vajabhUmi kyAM AvI te ApoApa ja jaNAI Avaze. prA. bhA. mAMnA lakhANa uparathI te ema dekhAya che ke lekhakane lADha deza karyo ane lATa deza kaye athavA te banne eka che ke judA judA che, te be hoya te te bane kayAM kayAM AvyA e badhI vigatanI ja khabara nathI paDI.

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(19) kharI rIte gujarAtane lATa deza ane prastuta lADha deza baMne judA judA che. eka gujarAtamAM che : bIje baMgALamAM che. lekhaka je mAne che te A pramANe che - eka samaye uttare pAlaNapura, dakSiNe surata, pUrvamAM godharA ane pazcime khaMbhAtaH A sImA vacce sarva pradeza lATa deza tarIke oLakhAtuM hatuM. prAcIna samaye lATama ke pradeza gaNAto haze tenuM kAMIka anumAna A uparathI derI zakAya kharuM." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. para, TI. 33 "keTivarSa sthAne nakakIpaNe kahI zakatuM nathI. kadAca hAlanuM vaDanagara ke khaMbhAta paNa hoya; kemake A sthAna bahu lAMbA samaya uparathI jANItu gaNAya che. prA. bhA, pu. 1, pR. 5ra, TI. 34 lATa dezanI rAjadhAnI kaTivarSa pra. bhA. 5 1. pR. 49 uparanA avataraNethI sau koI joI zakaze ke lekhake gujarAtamAM lATa deza mAnya che ane khaMbhAta ke vaDanagarane keTivarSa mAnyuM che. arthAt kaTivarSa e gujarAtanA loTanI rAjadhAnI mAnI che. A ajJAnanI kaI sImA badhI zakAtI nathI keTivarSa e lATanI nahIM paNa lADha dezanI rAjadhAnI hatI ane te muzidAbAda pAse pazcima baMgALamAM hatI. jyAre gujarAtavALA loTanI rAjadhAnI paNa khaMbhAta ke

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(10) vaDanagara nahIM paNa IlApura vigere nagare hatAM ema vidvAne mAne che. lATha deza kharekhara kayAM AvyuM ane keTivarSa kayAM hatuM tenA pramANika AdhAre tapAsIe. (2) tUrI zAlA "oDIvarisiyA' thI satpatti koTivarSa nAraNe thI pa varda nara mI rADha seza (re murzidAbAda jilA-pazcimI-baMgAla) kI rAjadhAnI thii| vI. vi. saM. rU. 76-76 (3) The Senas at first settled in Radha (W. Bengal.) sena leke sauthI pahelAM rADha deza(pazcima baMgALa)mAM vasyA hatA. Ancient Indian History and Civilization, P. 411 (4) Radha-that part of Bengal, which lies to the west of the Ganges ( Anand Bhatta's Ballala Charitam, Pt. II, Ch. I), including Tamluk, Mid. napur (Wilson's Introduction to Mackenzee Collections Chaps. 138-139 ), and the districts of Hugli and Burdwan.................. It is the Lala of the Buddhist and the Lada of the Jains............ The ancient name of Radha waz Sumba and its name in the medieval period was Lata or Lala......

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(191) ... The Prabodhachandrodaya Nataka act II, which was written in the eleventh century, speaks of Dakshina Radha indicating that before that period Radha was devided into Uttara and Dakshina Radha. The portion on the north of the river Ajaya (including a portion of the district of Murshidabad) is Uttara Radha, and that on the South is Dakshina Radha. In the Mahalingesvara Tantra, in the bundred names of Siva, the names of Tarkesvara and Siddhinath are mentioned and their temples are said to be situated in Radha. rATa eTale tAmaluka ane midanApura tathA hugalI ane baradvAna jIllAo sAthe gaMgA nadInI pazcimane baMgALane bhAgI....baha leke ne jana leke anukrame tene lAla ane lADha mAne che........... rAThanuM prAcIna nAma sumaha hatuM. madhyakAlIna yugamAM tenuM (rADhanuM) nAma lATa ke lAla hatuM . agiyAramI sadImAM lakhAyela prabodhacaMdrodaya" nATakanA bIjA aMkamAM dakSiNa rADha viSe ullekha thayela che te uparathI ema sUcita thAya che keuttara rADha ane dakSiNa rADha ema rAThanA be bhAge hatA. murzidAbAda jIllAnA amuka bhAga sAthe ajaya nadInI uttarano bhAga te dakSiNa rADha che. mahAliMgezvara taMtramAM zivanAM se nAme ApyAM che, e nAmamAM tArakezvara ane

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(12) siddhanAthane ullekha che. e bannenAM maMdire rAha dezamAM AvyAM che ema kahevAya che. Geographical Dictionary (by Dey ) P. 164-65 by (5) Radha ( 216 )and Sumba are the Ladha(416) and Subbhabhumi of Ayaranga Sutta (S. B. E. XXII, P. 84-5) Suhma or Radha must have comprised the modern districts of Hooghly, Howrah. Bankura, Bur. dwan, and the E. portions of Midnapore. Radha was divided into Uttara and Dakshina Radba by the river Ajaya. AcArAMga sUtramAM rADha deza ane suppabhUmine anukrame lADha ane zubhabhUmi kahevAmAM Avela che. suha ke rADhamAM hAlanA hugalI, hAurA, bAMkurA ane bardavAna jIllAo tathA midanApuranA pUrvabhAgane samAveza (agAu) thata ja joIe. uttara ane dakSiNa rADha ema be bhAge ajaya nadIne lIdhe paDatA hatA. Cunningham's Ancient Geography, P. 732 (6) rADha (lAla) eTale baMga ane magadha vaccene deza ema Indian Historical quarterly P. 144-45 ( September 1983 )mAM kahyuM che. (7) lADha dezamAM nircantha-jena sAdhuonI saMkhyA vizeSa hatI ema hyuenasAMganA " bhAratabhramaNa" nAmanA pustakanA pR. 526 mAM kahyuM che.

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(1lDa) uparanA pramANethI siddha thAya che ke lADha deza baMgALamAM Avyo hato ane te dezanI aMtargata AvelA pradezane anAryabhUmi-vabhUmi mAnI che. lADha dezane nirNaya thayA pachI vajabhUmi kayAM AvI tene nirNaya karIe. (8) The land of the Submas is mentioned for the first time probably in the Ayaranga Satta, which is one of the oldest sacred books of the Jainas. It is stated therein that Mahavira travelled in the pathless countries of the Ladhas, in Vajjabhumi and Subhabhumi, where he was very rudely treated by the people. This Ladba, doubtless, is identical with what latter on came to be known as Radha, and Subhabhumi with the country of the Suhma people. jenonA eka sAthI prAcIna ane pavitra grantha AcArAMga sUtramAM suhabhUmi saMbaMdhI prAyaH sauthI prathama nirdeza thayela che. mahAvIre lADha deza-vabhUmi ane sublabhUminA mAgahIna pradezamAM vihAra karyo hato. janatAe temanA pratye atyaMta asabhya vartana dAkhavyuM hatuM, ema majakura graMthamAM jaNAvyuM che. A lADha deza ane (pAchaLathI) rAta deza tarIke oLakhAte deza e banne eka ja che e niHsaMdeha che. 13

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(194) lADha deza ane sukhta lokone deza suSmabhUmi e paNa eka ja che, emAM koI zaMkA nathI. Ancient Indian Tribes, Vol. II, P. 8 ( 9 ) According to Nilkantha's commentary on Mahabharat the Submas and the Radhas were one and the same peoples This identification of the two peoples or Janapadas is hardly correct; for the Suhma country formed a part, according to the Ayaranga Sutra of Radha country, the other important part having been called Brahma (c. f. Brahinottura of the Puranas and Brahms of the Kavgamimansa ). This two Janapadas practically covered the entire realm of Radha. suhu prajA ane rADha prajA eka ja prajA hatI e mahAbhAratanA TIkAkAra nIlakaMThane mata che, paraMtu te mata) e banne prajAnI ke temanA dezanI ekatA bhAgye ja satya thaI zake che. raDha dezane suha deza eka bhAga hato, ema AcArAMga sUtramAM kahyuM che. vaLI e ja dezane bIjo mahatvane bhAga brahma hate. brahmane purANamAM brahmottara kahe che. kAvyamImAMsAmAM ene brahma ja kahevAmAM Ave che. A banne dezothI rADhanuM AkhuM ya rAjya avirata thatuM hatuM. Ancient Indian Tribes, Vol. 1, P. 9. (10) According to the latter (Jains ) Bajjrabhumi and Subhabhumi are the two divisions of Ladha.

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( 195 ) Professor Jacobi supposes that Subhabhumi is probably the country of Suhmas, who are also indentified with the Radhas. (Jacobi's Acharanga Sutra. Bk, ch. 9,Sec 3 in, S.B. E Vol. XXII, P. 84 ) vajrabhUmi ane suhabhUmi e lADha dezanA e bhAga che, ema jaino mAne che. - Geographical Dictionary " By Dey, P, 164 subsabhUmi e prAyaH sumhe eTale rADha leAkA-prajAnA deza evA pro, jekebInA mata che. sumhe ane brahma ( praznottara) e banne eka ja dezanA me bhAga hatA, ( 11 ) mudgareSu malla varteSu ca brahmottareSu ca / vAsupUjyacaritra, pR. 37 uparanA avA pramANAthI siddha thAya che ke lADha deza-rADha deza ke tenA eka bhAga e te vakhate vAbhUmi kahevAtI hatI. eTale zrAvastInI uttaranA himAlayanA pahADI pradeza te vajrabhUmi hatI ema kahevuM savathA asatya che. prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM vabhUminA sabadhamAM kaliMga dezanA paNu sabaMdha khatAnyeA che ethI kali'ga dezane vAbhUmi gaNAvavAno irAdo hAya te te paNa vabhUmi nathI. eTale ke-kaliga deza athavA himAlayanA pahADI pradeza e mahAvIranI ke AcArAMga sUtranI vabhUmi nathI paNa lADha deza-rAta dezanA pradezane te vakhate vajrabhUmi gaNAvI che.

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(16) e lADha deza ane tenI rAjadhAnI keTivarSa nagarane puMvardhana deza sAthe paNa bahu nikaTane saMbaMdha che, paraMtu tenI carcA, alabatta, prAsaMgika hovA chatAM lakhANane lIdhe ahIM nahIM karuM. ': 24 : - udayana vatsapati ane udAyI magadhapati vatsapati udayana ane magadhapati udAyI e bannemAM khUna kenuM thayuM hatuM? aputri koNa marI gaye hato? vigere hakIkata saMbaMdhI "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM ullekha karavAmAM Ave che. temAM eka bIjAnI hakIkate, saMbaMdhI vivekapUrvaka vicAra na thavAne kAraNe hakIkatanuM mizraNa thaI javAthI eka bIjAnI hakIkate eka bIjAne nAme caDAvI devAmAM AvI che. vaLI udAyI nAma uDAvI daI udAyana ane udayana evAM nAma lakhI nAkhyA che. keI sthaLe banne rAjAone udayana TharAvI dIdhA che; eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ItihAsamAM je satya hakIkata che tene asatya, apramANita ne vizvama TharAvavAnuM paNa sAhasa karavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM evo ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che ke jaina granthomAM magadhapati udAyanane aputri maraNa pAmyAnuM, ane A vatsa patinuM maraNa je khUna karavAthI thayuM che te sarva ghaTanA magadhapatine ja lAgu pADyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che paNa te vibhrama che." prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 120, TI. 53

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(17) magadhapati udayanane badale, vatsapati udayanane lagate A banAva che te mATe nIcenA kAraNe AgaLa dharuM chuM 1. magadhapati udayanane te anurUddha ane muMda nAme be putro hatA ke je tenI pAchaLa gAdIe beThA che eTale tene aputrIo kahI na zakAya. 2bharate bA. vRtti-bhASAntaramAM magadhapatinA vRttAMtamAM paNa jaNAvyuM che ke, te pitAnA putrane gAdI ApI yAtrAe nikaLI gaye. eTale jaina graMthamAM eka vakhata aputrIo kahI bIje ja ThekANe putravALo jaNAvyuM che te hakIkata zaMkAmAM nAkhe che. 3. avantimAM (1) je mANasa nAzI jAya te vera vALavA pAsenA ja vatsa dezamAM AvI zake ke TheTha lAMbe vera levAmagadhamAM deDI jAya, te bemAMthI kayuM tene mATe saheluM gaNAya?" prA. bhA. pu. 1, pR. 120. TI. 53 uparanA avataraNe ne muddAo binapAyAdAra ane ajJAnasUcaka che. magadhapati udAyana e vastu ja beTI che. magadhane rAjA te udAyI che. 1. pArigrAphamAM batAvela "udayana" ane "suMdara bane nAme boTAM che. tenAM kharAM nAme udAyI" ane "muha" che te ApaNe have pramANapUrvaka tapAsIzuM. 2. bharatezvarabAhubanivRttinAM bhASAMtarane temAM AdhAra apAya che, paraMtu te bAbatamAM vicAra karavAnI jarUra rahe che. te grantha Latter period-Adhunika samayane

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( 198 ) kayAzrantha che. temAM keTalAka pAThe asaMgata maLI Ave che. dAkhalA tarIke dadhivAhanena padmAvatI ceTaka nRpaputrI pariNItA padmAvatyAH dhAriNIti nAma dvitIyaM kathyate / bharate 0 bAhubalivRtti, patra 339 ( mArA sagrahamAMnI hastalikhita prati ) uparanA avataraNamAMdhAriNI e padmAvatInuM ja bIjuM nAma batAvyu che. paraMtu kharI rIte e vAta tadna asatya che. padmAvatInuM bIjuM nAma dhAriNI na hatu paraMtu dhAriNI e dadhivAhananI bIjI rANI hatI. teNe ziyaLanI rakSA mATe ApaghAta karyAM hatA. jyAre padmAvatIe te te pahelAM dIkSA grahaNa karI lIdhI hatI. arthAt dhAriNI ane padmAvatI e anne nAmeA eka ja vyaktinAM na hatAM pazu ane nAmavALI e rANIo hatI; chatAM bharatezvaramAhubalivRtti tathA bhASAMtaramAM padmAvatIne ja dhAriNI mAnI lIdhI che jeitihAsanI STie asatya che. eTale kharA itihAsa meLavavA mATe bharatezvara bAhubalivRtti bhASAMtara (kathAprantha ) sivAya bIjA granthA paNa tapAsavAnI jarUra rahe che. udAyIne ( uDDayana nahIM) putro hatA ke nahIM te nakkI karavA bha. khA. bhASAMtara e eka ja pustakane sarvasva mAnI itihAsa na lakhI zakAya. bIjI':-amuka rAjA pachI gAdIe AvanAra tenA putrA ja DAya ane bIjA na hAya evA niyama nathI. magadhapati

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(184) udAyI (udAyana nahIM) pachI gAdIe koNa AvyuM te viSayamAM paNa ItihAsamAM matabheda che. keTalAka granthakAre anuruddha ne muNDa gADIme mA0yAnu mAna cha. mA andhakAre udAyI pachI naMdarAjA thayA hatA ema mAne che. tenA saMbaMdhI e ullekha maLe che ke (1) mahAvaMsa tathA baramI anuzruti meM udayI ke bAda anuruddha aura muNDa rAjAoM ke nAma haiM / divyAvadAna meM bhI muNDa kA nAma hai / tibbatI anuzruti ( lAmA tArAnAtha kI pustaka jo 1608 I0 meM purAnI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para tibbatI bhASA meM likhI gaI) meM ajAtazatru ke bAda ke sabhI rAjAoM ke nAma bhinna haiM, kintu unakI saMkhyA sUcita karatI hai ki usameM darzaka, anuruddha aura muNDa tInoM gine gaye haiM / muNDa kI sattA-aMguttaranikAya, 5-50 se, jahAM use pATaliputra meM rAjya karatA likhA hai, siddha hai| purANoM meM kula dasa zaizunAkoM kA honA likhA hai, kintu eka prAcIna prati meM daza vai ke bajAya daza dau pATha hai / purANoM kI yaha rIti hai ki gauNa nAmoM ko chor3a dete haiM, vizeSa kara jahAM ve eka hI pIr3hI ke hi sUcaka ho-arthAt kaI bhAiyoM ne eka ke bAda dUsare rAjya kiyA ho, aura unakA rAjyakAla mukhya nAmo meM milA dete haiM / pUrANoM meM udayI kA rAjya-kAla 33 varSa hai, jaba ki bauddha anuzruti meM kevala 16 / phalataH udayI ke rAjyakAla meM

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(200) anuruddha aura muNDa ke 9 tathA varSa sammilita haiM / bhAratIya i. rUparekhA, ji. 1, 498-99 uparanA avataraNathI ema siddha thAya che ke-bauddha granthamAM anusUda ane mune ulekha Ave che, jyAre jaina grantho ane purANa grantha udAyI pachI anuruddha ke muMDa rAjAo thayAnuM mAnatA nathI. vaLI bIjuM e paNa satya tarI Ave che ke bauddha granthane AdhAre keTalIka satya hakIkata na maLavAnuM saMbhavita che. bauddha kALagaNanA ane sAlavArI dUSita havAnA ullekha maLe che. (2) jaina aura paurANika gaNanAeM kisI taraha mauryakAla ke aMta meM jAkara mila jAtI hai, para bauddha gaNanA kisI taraha mela nahIM khAtI / saMbhavataH isameM se naMdoM ke rAjatvakAla ke bahuta varSa chUTa gaye haiM / aura zAyada isI kamI ko ThIka karane ke irAde se pichale bauddha lekhakoM ne udAyIbhadda, muNDa, aura anuruddha inameM se pratyeka kA 18-18 varSa kA rAjatvakAla gina kara aura bindusAra ke 58 varSa mAna kara ukta gaNanA meM karIba 60 varSa bar3hAne kI ceSTA kI hogI / kucha bhI ho, bauddhoM kI kAlagaNanA duSita avazya haiN| vIranirvANa, pR02 5 arthAt uparanA avataraNe uparathI ema dekhAya ke bha0 bAne AdhAre jema ItihAsa racI na zakAya tema bauddha granthanI dUSita sAlavArIne AdhAre paNa ItihAsa lakhavAmAM

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(21) hakIkato adhUrI rahI javAno saMbhava che. tene mATe bIjA grantho paNa tapAsavA joIe. ane te badhA grantha tapAsI je yuktiyukta hoya tene ja svIkAra kara ghaTe. bIjA graMthAmAM ane vaMzAvaLIomAM je je hakIkata che te ahIM vistArathI batAvI che, tethI udAyI rAjAnI mAhitI vadhu spaSTa thAya che. (3) tataH pradhAnapuruSaiH paurairjanapadena ca / cakre nandasya sAnandamabhiSekamahotsavaH // 242 // te pachI nagaranA ane dezanA pradhAna puruSoe AnaMdapUrvaka naMdarAjAne abhiSeka mahatsava karyo. variSTha parva, saM. 6, pR. 280 (ka) 3dAyI che uttarAdhikArI naM ... ... | "vIranirvANa', pR. 26 vaMzAvaLIo (pa) begaNanA | purANagaNunA ajAtazatru ajAtazatru udAyIbhadra vaMzaka anurUddha-muMDa udAyI nAgadAsaka naMdivardhana surunAga mahAnaMdI kAlAka nava naMda kAlAsokaputra nava nanda vI. vi. saM. 5. 28 37 o 33 42 * * * * * * * * 43 100

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(202) (6) Pauranika Mabavamsa Sthavira valis figures figures Carita Bimbisara 28 Bimbisara 52 Srenika Darshaka 24 Ajatsatru 25 Ajatasatru 32 Kunika Udayin 33 Udayin 16 Udayin Nandivardhana 40 Anuraddha 8 Munda Maha Nandi 43 Naga-Dasaka 24 Nanda & his .Maha Padma 28 Susunaga 18 descendants 95. ____Kalasoka 28 Ten sons 22 Sumalya &c. 16 Nine Nanda 22 ___Chronology of A. India, P. 228 (7) magadhera rAjaparaMparA-bimbisAra haite azoka paryanta dIpa vaMsa azokAvadAna jaina pariziSTa parva pUrANa bimbisAra bimbisAra zreNika ajAtazatru kUNika vA zizunAga azokacandra udayabhadda udAyI vA udAyI kAkavarNa udayabhadra muNDa kSemadharma nAgadAsa kSatronA ajAtasattU

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(203) bimbisAra sUsUnAga kAlAsoka kAkavarNI ajAtazatru (darbhaka,darzaka vA pharSa) udAyI nandivardhana mahAnandi navananda bauddhagrantha koSa, pR. 42 piTaka granthAvali prathama saMkhyA. bauddhagraMtha-samanta pAsAdikA, mahAvasa, brahmadezIya vivaraNu, mahAbodhivasamAM anuruddha ne muMDanA nAmo Ave che; paraMtu jaina ane purANomAM te bannenI gaNanA jovAmAM ja AvatI nathI. Ama udAyI pachI keNa gAdIe AvyuM te saMbaMdhamAM prabaLa matabheda che, chatAM uparanA ullekho ane jaina tathA purAnI vaMzAvalIne AdhAre udAyI pachI naMdarAjA gAdIe AvyA hatA ema mAnI zakAya che. babbe udAyI pachI anuruddha ke muMDa gAdIe AvyA hoya to paNa teo udAyInA putre ja hatA ema kadI kahI.

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(204) zakAya ja nahIM. pitA pachI putra ja gAdIe Ave ane bIjA na ja Ave e niyama hoI zake nahIM. ane gAdIe Ave te tenA putre ja hoya e niyama ke vyApti banI zake nahIM. e AdhAre anuruddha ane muMDane kevaLa gAdIe AvyA hoya tethI tenA putra mAnI levA e ayukta che. bake jaina ane paurANika pramANethI te e ja siddha thAya che ke udAyI pachI naMdarAjA gAdIe AvyA ane naMdarAjA te udAyInA putra na hatA e ItihAsaprasiddha hakIkata che, kAraNa ke naMdarAjAnI rAjA tarIke maMtrIo vigeree varaNI karI hatI. A sarva uparathI ema mAnI zakAya che ke udAyI (magadhapati) rAjA nivazapaNe mRtyu pAmyA hatA. tene mATe bIjA paNa ghaNA ullekha che. (8) 3raputrotro hi paramAvati | tatrAntare paMcadivyAnyabhiSiktAni mantribhiH // 235 // udAyI rAjA aputrotra svargavAsI thayA pachI maMtrIe pAMca divyane abhiSeka karyo hato. pariziSTaparva, sarga. 6, pR. 179 (1) matta tti... udAyI aputri ... mAvItra (hAridrIya vRtti) pU. 610

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(205) uparanA avataraNethI magadhapati udAyInI nirvazatA siddha thAya che. 3. have tenA khUnane aMge je chello muddo upasthita karyo che te upara vicAra karIe. vAstavamAM te kayAM nAzI jAya ane kayAM nahIM e prazna ja aprastuta che. jene khUna karavuM hoya te gharanI pAsenA makAnane cheDIne hajAro mAIla dUra tenuM lakSya hoya te tyAM deDI jAya. magadhapatinuM khUna karavuM hoya to magadhamAM jAya, vatsamAM zA mATe jAya ? jyAM kAma hoya tyAM mANasa jAya. tene magadhapatinuM khUna karavuM hatuM eTale te magadhamAM gaye. tene vatsa sAthe kazuM lAgevaLage nahIM. kharI vAta to e che ke--kenuM khUna thayuM tenI lekhakane ja khabara nathI. be nAmamAM viveka na karavAthI brAMta te lekhaka thayA che, chatAM "cera koTavAlane daMDe ema pUrvAcAryone bhrama thayo che evuM lakhI nAMkhyuM che ane nirmULa ne pramANa vagaranI kalpanAothI pUrvAcAryonI bhramaNa dUra karavAne mane ratha seve che. ke hAsyAspada prayAsa che? (10)aNNadA vekAlikaM AyariyA bhaNaMti-geNhaha uvakaraNaM, rAulaM atImo, tAhe so saratti udvitto, gahitaM uvagaraNaM, pUvvasaMgovitA ya kaMkalohakattikA sAvi gahitA, pacchaNNaM katA, atigatA rAyakulaM, ciraM dhammo kahito, AyariyA pAsuttA, rAyA vi, teNa udvettA raNNo sIse nivesiyA tattheva aTTike laggA, niggato / sAvaracUiLa (uttara mA ), patra 280

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(206) bhAvArtha_eka divasa AcArya mahArAje kahyuMH upakaraNa laI mahelamAM cAle tyAre te jaladI uThyo, upakaraNa lIdhAM, pahelethI saMtADelI leDhAnI charI paNa lIdhI ane rAjamahelamAM gayA. lAMbo vakhata rAjAne dharma saMbhalAvyA pachI AcArya mahArAja ane rAjA sUI gayA tyAre te uDyo. rAjAnuM mAthuM kApI nAkhyuM ane cAle gaye. uparanA prAcIna ne pramANika pramANethI nizcita thaI zake che ke vastrapati udayananuM khUna nahIM paNa magadhapati udAyInuM khUna thayuM hatuM ane aputri paNa te ja maraNa pAmyuM hatuM. vatsapati udayananuM te khUna paNa thayuM na hatuM ane aputri paNa maraNa pAmyuM na hatuM. balake tenA putranuM nAma bedhivAhana (naravAhana beSi) hatuM. tene janma I. sa. pU. 542 mAM thayo hato. (11 ) King Udayan was evidently in the prime of his youth when Vasuldatta, the princess of Avanti, and the mother of Bodhikumara, fell in love with her father's handsome 'captive. So we presume that King Udayana married Vasuladatta in 543 B. C., when he was twenty years old. If the prince, the firstf ruit of the wedlock, ( and the only issue that we know of) was born a year latter, i. e, in 542 B. C. (12) Birth. i68 B. C. Accession. 544 B. C.

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. . . . ( 200 ) Matrimonial alliance with Avanti. 543 B. C. Birth of Bodhikumar 542 B. C. Early History of Kausa mbi, P. 32-33 (13) Narvahan Bodhi was the second king of Kausainbi from Udayan.... " An Early History of Kausambi" P. 37 (14) 23 Satanika II 24 Udayana no Vahinara- Naravahana-Bodhi. Chronology of Ancient India, P. 256 (15) He was evidently a capable prince and a worthy son of his father The Matsya describes him as the brave king Vahinara. E. H. Kausambi, P. 38 (16) Viro Raja Vahinarah, Dyuesties Kali age by Pargiter, P. 7 (17 ) After him ( Vasudana) will be Udayan and after Udayana will be the warrior king Vahinara. Dynesties of the Kali Age, P. 66 ( 18 ) faca alguna ait Pal PEITT: 1 Hifaggio ( 34197gyfalafe ) . Pois

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( 208 ) arthAt udayana vatsapatine vAsuladattAthI vIra naravAhana Adhi nAmanA putra hatA. eTale vatsapati udayana. aputriceA na hatA. paraMtu kharI vAta e thai lAge che ke-magadhanA rAjA udAyI, kauzAmbI-vatsanA rAjA uDDayana ane sindha--sauvIranA rAjA udrAyaNa ( udAcana) ema traNe lagabhaga samAna nAmeA hAvAthI lekhakane avadhAraNa ke viveka nathI rahyo lAgatA. ane e avadhAraNa na rahevAne kAraNe ane 'mArA kakko khA' evA durAgraha rAkhavAthI pUrvAcAryAM upara AkSepeA karI pUrvAcAryAMnA vibhrama che ema pustakamAM lakhI nAkhyuM, paraMtu te keTaluM binajavAbadArIbharyuM pagalu che tene khyAla kadAca lekhakane AngeA nahIM hAya. : 25 : sAMcImAM dAna ApanAra kANu ? ( mA caMdragupta, guptavaMzIya caMdragupta ke AmrakAva ! ) guptavazIya cadragupta bIjAnA vakhatamAM mahAtmA buddhadevanA madiramAM eka eka dIpaka maLatA rahe ane cAvaccadradivAkara pAMca pAMca bhikhkhu rAja bhAjana karatA rahe e hetuthI utttAnanA putra AmrakAva taraphathI sAMcInA mahAvihAranA A saMghanA pacIsa ke sAdInAra bheTa ApavAmAM AvI hatI. te dAnanI hakIkata sAMcImAMthI maLelA gupta saM. 3 nA zilAlekhathI maLe che. cadragupta mauryanI sAthe A hakIkatanA

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( 209) samaya nathI tema tenA vakhatamAM A hakIkata anI nathI. dAna apAyAnI " chatAM 'prAcIna bhAratavaSa mAM te mAmata kAMika UlaTI rIte AlekhavAmAM AvI che. temAM sara kaniMgahAmanA havAlA paNa apAyA che, paraMtu te kAM tA samajyA vagara apAce che kAM ta IrAdApUrvaka AgaLa-pAchaLanA saMbaMdha UDAvI daI peAtAnI kalpanAne anukULa ne anusaratA hAya teTalA zabdo uThAvI laI kuTilatA vAparI che. game tema paNa te hakIkata UMdhI rIte AlekhavAmAM AvI che e te niHzaMka che. guptavazIya caMdragupta khIjAnA vakhatamAM bheTa Apela pacIza ke se| dInAra viSe lekhaka lakhe che ke " vaLI teNe rAjatyAga karI dIkSA lIdhI te pUrve, tyAM UbhA thayelA aneka stUpe je adyApi vidyamAna che temAMnA sauthI moTA panA ghumaTamAM, gALAkAre pharatI gavAkSanI hAramALA je dIpaka prakaTAvavA mATe racAyalI che, tenA nibhAva mATe lagabhaga pacIza hajAra dInAranI vArSika rakama, samrATa caMdragupte apa karyAnuM sarakani'gahAma jevA taTastha ane pramANabhUta manAtA vidvAne ' bilsA stUpa ' nAmaka pustakamAM jAhera karyu che. A hakIkata nivivAditapaNe sAbita kare che ke, A stUpane rAjA caMdragupta ane teNe grahaNa karela. jainadhama sAthe, ati ghATa saMdha hatA athavA te hAvA joie. " prA. lA. pu. 1, pR. 196 14

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(10) prAcIna bhAratavarSa" pustakamAM mArya samrATuM caMdraguptanA ItihAsanI aneka asaMbaddha ane kAlpanika hakIkato varNavatAM, sAthe sAthe A dAnanI hakIkata batAvate phakare paNa temAM najare paDe che, paraMtu tenI kharI hakIkata te upara jaNAvI te pramANe caMdragupta mauryanA vakhatanI nahIM paNa guptavaMzIya caMdragupta bIjAnA vakhatanI banelI che. - sara kaniMgahAme paNa mauryavaMzIya caMdragupta mATe nahIM paNa guptavaMzIya caMdragupta rAjA mATe lakhyuM che paraMtu AgaLa pAchaLane saMbaMdha lekhake tapAsyA nathI. alabata sara kaniMgahAme, caMdragupta dAna ApyAnuM lakhyuM che paraMtu te bhUla che. vAstavamAM te vakhate te bhUla thavAno saMbhava paNa che; kAraNa ke e saMzodhana te bahu vahelAM-lagabhaga se varSa pahelAM-thayeluM eTale gerasamajUtI thAya e zakya che, paraMtu Aje te te vigate upara khUba saMzodhana thaI cUkayuM che ane kharI hakIkata zI hatI te paNa prakaTa thaI cUkayuM che. evA vakhatamAM paNa svakalpanAne anukUla maLI AvavAthI te jUnA matane pakaDI rAkhavA ane navA matane svIkAra na kare temAM cA te ajJAna che kAM te durAgraha che. vastusthiti che te A che. mAtra huM eka ja mAnuM chuM ema nathI. bIjA vidvAne paNa ema mAne che. (1) The Sanchi inscription of the year 93-412-13 A. D., records a donation by Amrakar. dava, a dependant of Chandragupta II at Kakanadabota.

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(211) sAMcI zilAlekha(9=sana 412-13)mAM kAkanAdaboTamAM caMdragupta bIjAnA anuchavI amrakAdave dAna ApyAne ulalekha che. The Age of Imperial Guptas by R. D. Banerji, P.31 (2) The fifth inscription which is dated 93 G.E. ( 412-13 A. D. ) is on the railing of the great stupa at Sanchi, known in ancient times by the name of Kakanadabota. The object of this epigraph is to record the gift of 25 dinaras... by a donar, named Amrakardava, son of Undana. prAcIna samayamAM kAkanada beTa tarIke oLakhAte sAMcIne pAMcame zilAlekha (sana 412-13) moTA stupa upara che. A zilAlekhane udeza udAnanA putra AjhakAdave Apela 25 dInAranA dAnanA smaraNArthe che. "The History of North-Eastern India " by R. G. Basak, P. 40 (3) sAMcI ke i. sa. 413 ke zilAlekha meM dvitIya candragupta ke senApati AmrakArdava ke gAMva ke paMcAyata ke sAmane eka gAMva aura pacIsa dInAroM ke dAna kA varNana hai| " yuddha vimAhitya " (AvaNa matA rata). 81 TI. 2

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(212) ( 4 ) isa lekha meM undAna ke putra AmrakArdava nAmaka eka vyakti ke dAna kA ullekha hai / AmrakArdava ne kAkanAdanoTa ke zrI mahAvihAra meM AryasaMgha ko IzvaravAsaka nAmI eka grAma yA bhUmisthala maura 25 dInAroM x kA dAna diyA thA / yaha dAna daza bhikSuoM ko pratidina bhojana dene aura ratnagRha meM do dIpaka jalAne ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| 'guptavaMza kA itihAsa (raghunandana kRta) pR. 161-2 (5) " History of North-Estern India "bhA 59. tenA pR. 40 upara A pramANe ja che. uparyukta pramANethI spaSTa rIte samajI zakAya che ke-te dAna caMdragupta maurya ke guptavaMzIya caMdragupta bemAMthI koIe 4 tene mULa pATha A pramANe che - " praNipatya dadAti paMcaviMzatizca dInArAn " pATha hai, DaoN. phlITa ne ise nyAkaraNakI dRSTi se zuddha karake " pazcaviMzatizca dInArAn " pATha diyA hai| eTale ke pacIsa dInAra e te samayanI paristhitine anukULa nahIM lAgavAthI raghunandana zAstrI, zrIyuta mAdhava bhaMDArIjInA mata pramANe paMca vizatiH (100) pramANe zuddha re cha. te mA prabhAe san 400-8 i0 ke gahavA ke lekha (korpa0 insa0 iNDi. jilda, lekhasaMkhyA 6-7,paMki 6-7, aura 14-16) meM eka brAhmaNa ke nitya bhojana ke lie dasa dInAroM ke dAna kA varNana hai. " prAtmapuNyopacayArtha......padApatrasAmAnyabAmaNa.........dInArA daza 10......" guptavaMzakA itihAsa, pR. 161-2-3.

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( 213 ) Apyu nathI, paraMtu gupta'zIya caMdragupta bIjAnA vakhatamAM tenA anujIvI undAnanA putra AmrakAve te dAna Apyu che. ane te paNa pacIsa tujAra dInArAnu' nahIM paNa kevaLa pacIsa ke kevaLa se! dInArAnu dAna apAyu che, A pramANe uparAMta tenA je mULa zilAlekha che te zilAlekha paNa ahIM ja rajU karuM chuM. gupta saMvat 93 siddham ! kAkanAdavoTa zrImahAvihAre zIlasamAdhiprajJAguNabhAvitendriyAya paramapurAyaki... tAya caturdigabhyAgatAya zravaNapuMgavAvasthAyAyyasaMghAya mahArAjAdhirAjazrIcandraguptapAdaprasAdApyAyitajIvitasAdhanaH anujIvat puruSasadbhAvavRttim ( ? ) jagati prakhyApayan anekasamarAvAptavijayayazasupatAkaH sukulidezanaSTI .......vAstavya undAnaputrAmrakArdavo majazarabhaMgA mrazatarAjakulamUlyakRtaM ( ? )... ya... IzvaravAsakaM paJcamaNDalyAM praNipatya dadAti paMcaviMzatIzca (tizca) dInArAn datta yAdardhena mahArAjAdhirAjazrIcaMdraguptasya devarAja iti priyAnAm yatasya sarvaguNasaMpataye yAvaccaMdrAdityau tAvatpaMca bhikSavo bhuMjatAm ratnagRhe ca dIpako jvalatu / mama cAparAdhIt paMcaiva bhikSavo bhuMjatAm ratnagRhe ca dIpaka iti / tadetatpravRttam ca ucchidyAt sagobrahmahatyayA saMyukto bhavet paMcabhizrAMtayairiti // sam 90 - 3 bhAdrapadadi0 4 // ....... siddham kAkanameTanA zrImahAvihAramAM Aya sa`ghane

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(214) mATe jemanI (mahAtmAonI ) jJAnendri, zIla-samAdhiprajJA guNethI prabhAvita che. je paramapuNyanA kAryo cAre dizAothI Avela, jemAM zreSTha sAdhuo nivAsa kare chepaMcane praNAma karIne udAnanA putra AkAIva-jene mahArAjAdhirAja zrIcaMdraguptanA caraNanI kRpAthI jIvikAnA sAdhana pUrI rIte prApta thayA che, jeNe (rAjAnA) Azrita sajajanene sadvyavahArane jagatamAM vistAryo che, jeNe aneka yuddhamAM vijaya ane yazanI patAkA prApta karI (pharakAvI) je sukulidezamAM nakkI gAmane rahevAsI hate -te IzvaravAsaka (gAma) Ape che. je rAjakuLanA AmrarATa, zarabhaMga ane upanAma majanA dAna karelA dhanathI vecAtuM levAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ane pAMca vIzI athaoNt 100 dInAra paNa Ape che. emAMthI aDadhI eTale pa0 dInArethI devarAja upanAmavALA mahArAjAdhirAja zrIcaMdraguptanA sarva guNanI prApti mATe jyAM sudhI sUrya caMdra rahe tyAM sudhI pAMca bhikSu bhajana kare ane buddhabhagavAnanA ranagRha(maMdira) mAM eka dIpaka baLe tathA mArI bAkInI anya suvarNamudrAothI paNa pAMca bhikSu bhajana kare ane ratnagRhamAM dIpaka baLe. je A pravRtta thayelA dharmakAryane) naSTa karaze te brAhmaNanI hatyAne tathA tatkALa phaLa ApavAvALA pAMca pApane bhAgI banaze. varSa 90+3 bhAdrapada divasa 4

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(215) bodhisatva pAzva ane takSazilA "prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM pArzvanAtha ane takSazilA tathA mANikayAla stUpa viSe ullekha che. temAM lakhyuM che ke pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ahIM bodhisatva thayA che tema takSazilAnA lekhamAM paNa pArzvanAtha nAma che." prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 305 vaLI aphaghAnistAna ane pezAvara taraphanA zilAlekhamAM te jainadharmanA trevIsamA tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAthane ullekha suddhAMta parNa thayela che. A badhI sthiti zuM sUcave che? zuM bauddhadharmamAM pArzvanAtha nAmanI koI vyakti thaI che?" prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 40 juo gAndhAra ane takSazilAnA lekhe. temAM zrI pAzvanAthanuM nAma ApyuM che. te vakhate te pradezamAM jainadharma phelAyeluM hatuM tenI sAkSI pUre che. mANiyAlane stUpa te samayane heI te paNa te dharmane ja mAna raheze." prA. bhA. pu. 2, pR. 6 . sa. pU. AThamI sadImAM jainanA trevIsamA tIrthaMkara je zrI pArzvanAtha thaI gayA che temanuM ja nAma jyAre takSazilAnA ne mANikayAlanA tRpamAM ketarAyaluM maLI AvyuM che tyAre ema anumAna upara javAya che ke I. sa. pU. AThamI

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(216) ane navamI sadImAM paNa te pradeza upara te dharmanA anuyAyI rAjakartAonI sattA pravartI rahI haze." prA. bhA. 5. 3, pR. 281. bauddhomAM mahAtmA pArzva nAmanI pradhAna vyakti thayelI che, ane te bauddhomAM AgevAna sAdhu tarIke gaNAtA hatA, evA ullekha bauddha pustakamAM ane bhramaNa vRttAntamAM sthaLe sthaLe maLI Ave che. chatAM prastuta pustakanA lekhaka praznArtha ci (?) karI lakhe che ke "bauddhomAM pArzvanAtha nAmanI koI vyakti thaI che?" e AzcaryakAraka che. e to ThIka paNa nAma kevI vicitra rIte pheravI nAkhyuM che ? pArzva zabdane "nAtha" zabda lagADI pA" ane "nAtha" te be zabdane jeDI, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthanA nAmanI ejanA karI dIdhI. ItihAsane A ke vikAra ne anartha? vaLI bauddhabhikhu mahAtmA pArzva mATe prazna pUchavAnI, Azcarya batalAvavAnI ke tenA upara lAMbA anumAna deravAnI jarUra nathI. mULe te brAhmaNa hatA ane pAchaLathI bahu vRddha umare teo bauddha sAdhu thayA hatA. te kaniSTha rAjAnA vakhatamAM thayA che. tenA e guru hatA. lekhaka e mahAtmA pArzva bauddha bhikhkhane pAzvanAtha tIrthakara gaNI bha0 mahAvIra ane buddhathI paNa pahelAnA vakhatamAM uThAvI laI, aitihAsika kALa, racanA ane bhaugolika sthAna-saMbaMdha, saMskRti badhAmAM aMdhAdhuMdhI phelAvI mUke che.

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( 217 ) kayAM takSazilA ke mANikayAla ane kayAM aphaghAnistAna kayAM bhagavAn tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ane kayAM bauddhabhikhkhu mahAtmA pAzva ? ene te kAMi meLa maLI zake tema che ? bhagavAna pArzvanAtha tA mahAtmA buddha ane zrI mahAvIrathI paNa pahelAM thayA che; jyAre bauddha bhikhkhu pA mahAtmA yuddha pachI thayA che. arthAt e banne vyaktio judI che ane ghaNA lAMkhA kALanA temAM gALeA che. takSazilA ke mANikayAlanA zilAlekhAmAM nAma kAtarAyuM hoya te te mahAtmA pApa bauddhabhikhkhunuM hAvAnA sa'bhava che. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkaranA vakhatamAM te| mahAtmA pArzva hatA paNa nahIM, chatAM tenI badhI hakIkata bhagavAn pArzvanAthane lAgu pADI dIdhI. graMthAmAM mahAtmA pArzvanA ullekheA maLI Ave che tenA gheADAka pramANeA ahIM TAMkuM chuM. ( 1 ) pArzva nAmaka eka sthavirera nikaTa kaniSka, avasara samaye bauddhadharmazAstra avyayana karitena / caudamArata ( caiAhA ), rR. 82 ( 2 ) ei samaye pArzvanAme janaikakhyAta nAmA sthavira nimna likhita bhAve rAjAra nikaTa buddhazAsanera avasthAvarNanA karena / piTakagranthAvalI - prathama saMkhyA, pR. 36 ( 3 ) eka dUsare tibbatI grantha se patA lagatA hai ki kaniSka ne bhinnabhinna saMpradAyoM ke pArasparika virodha kA anta

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(296) karane ke lie apane guru pArzva se eka bauddhamahAsabhA karane kA prastAva kiyA / alerta Hra' q. ( 4 ) In the third tier of high halls of the Kaniska vihara was the chamber once occupied by the venerable po-li-seu-fo ( Parsva ).... At the end of three years he had complitely succeeded, and people cut of respect called him reverend side (or Ribs). "Yuan Chawng's travells in India" Vol. I, P. 208 (5) He was originally, not friendly towards Buddhism, but was converted by the patriach: Parsva. (6) The leading monks are said to have been Parsva and Vasumitra. "Kharoshthi Inscriptions" Corpvs Inscriptionvm, Indicarvm Vol. II, Pt. I, P. LXXIX (7) He then expressed to the venerable Pars va a desire to have the Tripitaka explained according to the tenents of the various schools.

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(296) Parsta having agreed, Buddhist Bhikkhus were summoned from all quarters. Buddhistic Studies, P.70 (8) This Parsva was originally a brahmin teacher, and he remained such until he was eighty years old. Then he became converted to Buddhism and received ordination. The city boys hereupon jeered at him as an old and feeble map. On Yuan Chwang' Vol. I, P. 208 ( 9 ) The Po-li-sau-fo ( Parsya ) of this pagsage is called in other works Po-she, which may be for Passo, the Pali form of parsva. On Yuan Chwang' Vol. I, P. 208 ( 10 ) The venerable Parsva explained to His Majesty that in the long lapse of time since Buddha left the world deciples of schools and masters with various theories had arisen, all holding personal views and all in conflict...... Then Rajagaba was proposed, but Parsva and others objected." "Yuan Chwang " Vol. I, P. 270 (11) usa samaya mahAtmA pArzva ne usako samajhAyA ki " bhagavAna tathAgata ko saMsAra-parityAga kie hue bahuta se varSa aura mahIne vyatIta ho gae; usa samaya se lekara

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( 220 ) aba taka kitane hI mahAtmA vidvAna utpanna ho cuke haiM jinhoMne apane apane jJAnAnusAra aneka pustakeM likhakara aneka sampradAya sthApita kara diye haiM; yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhadharma Tukar3e Tukar3e hokara ba~Ta gayA hai / " (6 ' huenasAMga kA bhAratabhramaNa " 6. '10 uparanA avataraNeA ane bIjA paNa aneka ullekhAthI e hakIkata maLe che ke mahAtmA pArzva bauddhadharmanA AgevAna bhikhkhu hatA ane tee kaniSkanA vakhatamAM thayA che. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ane mahAtmA pAzrvanuM aMtara ane paristhiti A sAthe kayAM sudhI sa Mgata thAya che te have barAbara samajAze, prAcIna zilAlekhAnA vizeSajJa, esTA yunivarsiTInA prA. DA. sTIna kAnA tathA prAga yunivarsiTInA prA. DA. ATa sTAinanu paNa Avu' ja matavya che. bIjI, lekhakane e pazu khabara nathI ke mANikayAla stUpa kayAM Avye che. mANikayAlanu sthAna batAvatAM te lakhe che ke-- zilAlekhavALA " aphaghAnistAnamAM mANikacAlanA sthaLethI je sikkA maLyA che temAM paNa che. ' prA. zA. pu. 2, pR. 349 kAM aphaghAnistAna ane kayAM mANikacAla rUpa ? mANikayAla ane takSazilA ane rAvaLapiMDI ( pajAkha ) pAse che.

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(21) ItihAsanI hakIkate ane sthAne viSe nizcita gaNatrI thavI joIe. prathama te AvA sthAne akSAMza ne rekhAMzathI batAvavAnI jarUra che, paraMtu ApaNe tyAM tevI paddhatti ja nathI chatAM najIka paNa batAvavA mATe kAMIka te maryAdA batAvavI e ItihAsamAM Avazyaka che ja. mANikayAla sUpa, tene oLakhAvanAruM gAma kayAM che te have nakkI karIe. Manikapura-Manikyala in the Ravalpindi District of the Punjab, 14 miles to the south of Ravalpindi, is celebrated for the Buddhist topes, where Buddha in a former birth gave his body to feed seven starving tiger-cubs. mANikapura-mANikyAla e paMjAbamAM rAvaLapiMDI jIllAmAM che. te rAvaLamIMDhanI dakSiNe cauda mAIla che. tyAM bauddha stUpanI racanA karI che, jyAM buddha pitAnA pUrvabhavamAM pitAnA zarIrane vAghanA sAta bhUkhyA baccAone khAvA mATe ApI dIdhuM hatuM. Geographical Dictionary by Dey, P. 127 AnA mATe bIjA paNa ghaNuM ullekha che. sara kaniMgahAma paNa tenuM e rIte varNana kare che ane nakazAomAM paNa rAvalapIMDI jIllAmAM zAharI gAmanI bilakula pAse mANikayAlane batAvyuM che.

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( 12 ) itihAsa, bhUgALa ne nakazAomAM tene mATe ATaluM adhuM spaSTIkaraNa hovA chatAM lekhake mANikayAlane aphaghAnistAnamAM hAvAnI kalpanA zA mATe karI haze ? jema kathAgraMthamAM ke vArtAnI ceApaDImAM lakhI nAkhe tema mANikayAla ne takSazilA ke mahAtmA pArzvanI hakIkata lakhI nAkhI che. kAI sacATa purAvA ke khArIka tapAsa cA gUDha anveSaNa AmAM dekhAtuM nathI. itihAsamAM Avu aMdhera kayAM sudhI cAle ! evu' tA nathI vicAyu" ne keeddo aMdhera kaba laga cale ? jaba laga cale taba laga ThIka /

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DaoNkaTarazAhI ItihAsa ()* thoDA divasa upara badhekAzAhI sAhitya bAbata vAMceluM. bhaNelA mANaso ya AvuM pAkhaMDa karI zake che e A jamAnAnI khAsa vizeSatA jANI. zrImAna cunIlAla zAhe e badhekAzAhIne ghaTasphoTa karyo ane sAhitya jevA svaccha viSayamAM evA pAkhaMDane na pesavA dIdhuM e ThIka ja karyuM. Aje mAre paNa evA ja eka DaoNkaTarazAhI ItihAsa vize lakhavAnI AkarI pharaja bajAvavAnI che. e itihAsanuM nAma " prAcIna bhAratavaSa" che. kharI rIte e pustakane ItihAsanuM nAma ApIne ItihAsa kahe e itihAsa zabdane kalaMkti karavA jevuM che. mArI sAme e kalpita itihAsanA be bhAga paDyA che. ItihAsavidda bhAI durgAzaMkarazAstrIe jenI AkarAmAM AkarI samAlocanA karavI ghaTe tevA e "prAcIna bhAratavarSanI ghaNI mRdu samAlocanA karIne pitAne dharma bajAve che. * A lekha rUpe prasthAna mAsikamAM (1993nA piSanA aMkamAM) chapAye hate.

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(24) e pustaka vAMcyA pachI meM te bAbata eka "azokanA zilAlekhe upara daSTipAta" nAmanI nAnI pustikA lakhIne e kolapurANunuM zuddha svarUpa sAkSara samakSa rajU karyuM che, paNa vicAra karatAM lAge che ke e ajJAnamaya lepa, mArI e nAnI zI nIkathI dhoI nahi zakAya; mATe ja e cAra bhAgavALA (trIje, ce bhAga haju taiyAra thAya che) AkhA pustaka saMbadhe huM eka judo ja viziSTa prabaMdha pravAha taiyAra karavAne chuM ane te dvArA tenI pratyeka kalpanAnA savistara radiyA ApavAne chuM; chatAM suprasiddha mAsika prasthAna "nA vidvAna taMtrInA nehabhaya patrathI e itihAsa keTale badho jUThANathI bharapUra che e batAvavA temAMnA cAra-pAMca muddAonI carcA mATe "prasthAna nAM thoDAMka pAnAM rokuM chuM. | DaoNkaTarazAhI prAcIna bhAratavarSanA pAnA 224nI sAme eka mUrtinuM citra AveluM che, jene AkRti naMbara 13 che. e citra mUkatAM DokaTaramahAzaye paheluM te pAkhaMDa e karyuM che ke e mUrti je svarUpamAM che tethI taddana UlaTA svarUpamAM A citramAM rajU karI che. e mati tadana svAbhAvika sthitimAM yathAvat sthitimAM-che tene badale zrImAna DokaTara sAhebe e mUrtinI nagnatA eka pAMdaDA dvArA DhAMkIne tene ahIM rajU karI ane ema karI temaNe koIe na karyo hoya, * A lekhamAM badhe ya sthaLe A pustakane bIjo bhAga vaparAyo che.

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( rara5) na jAye hoya ane na sAMbhaLyuM hoya e vipayA A pitAnA mAnItA itihAsamAM karyo che. e mUrtinuM citra 1934nA mArcanA "eziyA" mAsikamAM (pR. 153) AveluM che ane muMbaInI mANijyacaMdra graMthamALAmAM prakAzita jaina zilAlekha saMgraha" (pR. 17) mAM paNa tenuM citra prakaTa thayeluM che. jaina sAhityasaMzodhakamAM te mUrtinA svarUpanuM varNana A pramANe kareluM che - "yaha mUrti digambara hai aura uttarAbhimukha sIdhI khar3I hai....jaMghoM ke Upara vaha binA sahAre ke hai / urusthala taka vaha valmIka se AcchAdita banI huI hai, jisameM se sarpa nikala rahe haiN| usake donoM padoM aura bAhu ke cAroM ora eka vali lipaTI huI hai jo bAhu ke UparI bhAga meM phaloM ke guccho meM samApta hotI hai gva visata marja para 3 paira sthita hai " (pR. 24, prathama khaNDa tathA epigrAphiyA karnATikA bhAga 2, bhUmikA pR.28) bIje viparyAsa e che ke DokaTaramahAzaya e mUti AcArya bhadrabAhunI che" ema sthApita kare che. pitAne e pakSa sthApita karavA DokaTaramahAzaye vAparelI aitihAsika bhASA A pramANe che - jema khaDakale che ane zilAlekho tathA stUpe (Topes) mahArAjA priyadarzinanA tenA pitAnA dharmanA saMramaranAM cihna tarIkenI kRtio che, tema A pracaMDa mUrtio paNa 15

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(226 ) temaNe ja banAvarAvI che. ane te banAvavAmAM paNa temane hetu pitAnA dharma pratyenA koI kAryanI mahattAka ja che joIe ema svAbhAvika anumAna karAya che. ATalA khyAla sAthe, jyAre ApaNe zravaNa belagelanI pracaMDa mUrtionI kathA jeDIe chIe tyAre e hakIkata upara vizeSa prakAza paDe che ane ema anumAna karavA lalacAIe chIe ke jyAre A zravaNa belagolanuM sthAna, rAjA caMdragupta ane temanA dharmaguru zrI bhadrabAhunA aMtima jIvana sAthe saMkaLAyeluM che, tyAre A mUrti e UbhI karavAmAM paNa temanAM ja jIvananAM prasaMge kAM nimitta-kAraNa-rUpa na banyA hoya? eTale e ja nirNaya upara AvavuM rahe che ke, A mUtio paNa rAjA caMdraguptanI ke temanA guru zrI bhadrabAhunI haze." ("prAcIna bhAratavarSa' bhAga 2, 5, 378) uparyukta lakhANamAM DaoNkaTarasAheba pote ja "emUrti bhadrabAhu nI haze" ema kahevA lalacAya che ane mahArAjA priyadarzine banAvI levI joIe evuM anumAna kare che, paraMtu e mATe eka paNa pramANa ke purA temanI pAse hayAta nathI. temane evI khabara to hovI ja joIe ke temanI pitAnI lAlacamAtrathI vA anumAna deravAnI rIta uparathI ItihAsa racI zakAtuM nathI. itihAsa mATe te nakkara pramANa-purAvA hevA joIe. itihAsavidda te "nAmUrva kristha krizcit 'nI uktine akSarazaH vaLagI rahe che, paraMtu ApaNA A navA

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( 2 ) itihAsakAra (?) te ' amUruM hinyate sarvam ' e uktine vaLagI pAnAMnAM pAnAM bhaye ja jAya che. je mUrti bAbata DaoNkaTarasAhebe peAtAnI taragapara parA hukArI che te mUrti nathI AcArya bhadrabAhunI, tema tene saMbadha nathI samrAT priyadarzina sAthe, e vastu te mUrti uparanA zilAlekha ja kahI Ape che. mUrtinA jamaNA paga pAsenA lekha A pramANe che: " zrI rAmuLvarAnaM mAhinivuM " A paMktinI bhASA ane lipi anne kAnaDI che. tenA bhAva batAvavA tAmilamAM tene anuvAda e paktinI nIce ja ApelA che, " zrI sAmudgarAnana [ze ] dhva [va ] vRttAM ' arthAt " zrI cAmuNDarAje nirmANu karI. " A cAmuMDarAya pote bIjA rAjA mAsiMhunA ane khIjA rAyamallanA maMtrI hatA. khIjA rAjA mArasiMhanuM mRtyu I. sa. 875mAM thayuM hatuM. e uparathI spaSTa mAlUma paDe che ke maMtrI cAmuDarAyanA samaya isvIne dasamA saikA Thare che. eTale e mUrtinA nirmANune samaya paNa e dasamA saikAnI aMdara ja AvavA joie. ma`trI zrI cAmuMDarAyane lagatA bIjA keTalAka purAvAo jotAM ane tenA upAsya saiddhAMtika sArvabhAma muni nemicaMdranA prathAmAM AvatA temaja bIjA graMthAmAM nAMdhAyelI e mUrti ne lagatI hakIkata jotAM e mUrtinA nirmANusamaya I. sa. 978 thI 984 nA Thare che. mUrti nI nIce zalAlekha che. temAM ene 'cAmu'DarAye anAvelI che ' evuM

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( 28) spaSTa lakhANa che. vaLI te lakhANanI lipi ane bhASA banne kAnaDI che. AvuM cokhkhuM pramANa hayAta che chatAM DaoNkaTara sAheba e mUrtine nirmAtA samrA priyadarzina che evuM viparyAsavALuM kahevA te lalacAyA che paNa pramANa ke purAvA vinA te manAya ja kema? zilAlekhamAM vaparAyelI kAnaDI lipi ane kAnaDI bhASA e bannenI vidyamAnatA je rUpamAM zilAlekhamAM che te ja rUpamAM zuM te samrA priyadarzinanA vakhatamAM hatI ke? temane pakSa "hatI" heya te samrATanA bIjA keIlekhe e ja lipi ane e ja bhASAmAM DokaTara sAhebane maLyA che kharA? kharuM kahuM te "mAgadhI lipi" ane "khareNI bhASA" AvA zabdaprayoga karanArA DaoNkaTara mahAzaya lipi ane bhASAne paNa bheda samajatA nathI. vaLI jemane saMskRta, prAkRta, pAlI evI koI prAcIna bhASA muddala AvaDatI nathI temaja kaI paNa vaidika, jaina vA bauddha mULa vAhamayane maulika abhyAsa karavA jeTalI jemanI egyatA paNa nathI evA A mahAzaya ItihAsa lakhavA beThA che te ItihAsa te nathI ja lakhI zakavAnA, paNa ItihAsanI sAcI hakIkate upara mAtra pIMchI pheravI tene viparIta rUpamAM rajU karavAnA, evuM te mUrti uparakarelA goTALAdvArA ja jANI zakAya che. vaLI e mUrtinA lekhamAM je "cAmuMDarAya" nuM nAma che tenuM teo zuM karaze ? mUrtinI nagnatA jema temaNe chupAvI tema zuM teo e nAma paNa chupAvavA mAge che?

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( 20 ) are! bIjI vAta te javA daIe paNa e mUti upara je vele vIMTAya che, mUrtinA DhIMcaNa sudhI rAphaDAo UbhA che ane temAMthI sApa nIkaLatA jaNAya che e badhAMne mUti sAthe zuM saMbaMdha che? bhadrabAhunI mUrti mAnatAM e badhAne keI khulAse DokaTara pAse che ? kyAMthI hoya? kharI vAta e che ke mUrti bharata cakravatInA bhAI muni bAhubalinI che, jemanuM bIjuM nAma bhujabali paNa prasiddha che. bAhubali jyAre muni thayA tyAre teo pitAnA pitA zrI RSabhadevajI pAse na jatAM pitAne gamata sthaLe rahIne tapa karavA lAgyA. temaNe -bAhubalie ema dhAreluM ke huM kevaLajJAnI thayA pachI ja zrI RSabhadevajI pAse jaIza, hamaNuM jauM te mAre mArA nAnA bhAIone namavuM paDe. A abhimAnanA kAraNathI teoe tapa-bahu kALa sudhI AkarAmAM AkaruM tapa-karyuM. tapa karatAM karatAM teo evI aDaga rIte dhyAnastha rahyA ke pakSIoe temane jhADanuM ThuMThuM ja mAnyA ane ema mAnI temanA zarIra upara mALA ghAlyA. vaSa AvatAM AsapAsanI vele temanA upara caDI ane AkhA zarIre vIMTaLAI ane paga pAse TAmeTA rAphaDAo paNa jAmI gayA ane temAM moTA bhujage paNa rahevA lAgyA. A rIte e mUrti uparanA badhA dekhAne saMbaMdha muni bAhubalinA jIvana sAthe barAbara baMdha bese che eTale e mUti muni bAhubalinI ja che, nahi ke bhadrabAhunI. vaLI, je mUrti bAbata DokaTarasAheba pitAnI kalpanA doDAve che te mUrtinI UMcAI lagabhaga 57 phUTa che. mUrtinI

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(ra30) UMcAI jenI te mUrti che tene anurUpa ja hoya e zilpazAsane niyama che. pAMca phUTa UMcA mANasanI mUrti pacIza ke pacAza phUTa UMcI na banAvI zakAya, ane kaI ema banAve te e zilpanI daSTie bhrAmaka racanA ja kahevAya. A mUrtinI UMcAI jatAM tene mATe tevI ja UMcAIvALA manuSyane zodhI rahyo. "bhadrabAhunI mUrti che" ema kahenAra DokaTarasAheba bhadrabAhunI UMcAI keTalI kalpatA haze? tyAre bAhubalinI UMcAI jatAM A mUrtinI kalpanA tenI UMcAIne anurUpa che. bAhubalinI UMcAI temanA pitAnI peThe lagabhaga pAMcaze dhanuSya jeTalI hatI ane pAMcaze vAMbha UMcAIvALA e bAhubali muninI mUrti 57 phUTa UMcI hoya te barAbara ucita che, paNa pAMca ke cha hAtha UMcAIvALA zrI vAdrabAhusvAmInI mUrti ATalI UMcI na ghaTI zake. A rIte mUrti uparane zilAlekha, mUrtinA zarIra upara velaDI vagerenuM zilpa ane mUrtinI UMcAI e badhuM tene bAhubalinI mUrti hevAnuM sAbita kare che. A bAbata vadhAre pramANa ane purAvA jevA hoya te "jaina sAhityasaMzodhaka" (prathama khaMDa, pA. 129-143)mAM Avela kSiNamArata thava- va tArI narma" e vigatathI bharapUra lekha vAMcI le. oNkaTarasAhebe e mUrti bAbata bIjI eka hasavA jevI kalpanA karI che ke "mUti upara lekha te pAchaLathI lakhApele che ane mUrti te rAjA priyadarzine banAvelI che.

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(231 ) temanI A kapanA sarvathA asaMgata che, kAraNa ke te mATe temanI pAse eka paNa pramANa ke purA nathI. vaLI, bIjuM e ke temanI e havAI kahapanAne svIkAravAmAM Ave te atyAre jeTalI mUrtio che te badhI ya mahAbhAratanI prAcInatA karatAM ya vadhAre prAcIna kahI zakAya, kAraNa ke DokaTarasAhebanI kalpanA pramANe te dareka mUrti upara le che te badhA pachI ja lakhAyA che. jagatamAM ItihAsane vivaMsa kare evAM paNa bhejAM che e vAta A DekaTarazAhI ItihAsa vAMcyA pachI svIkAravI ja joIe. DokaTaramahAzaya A eka bIjI zodha ()ke je Aja sudhImAM koI paNa viddhAne nathI karI-karatAM lakhe che ke pAzvanAtha pote cAra mahAvRttanI prarUpaNa karatA hatA. gautamabudhe pite pracAra karelA bauddhadharmamAM paNa cAra vRtta. (jene te dharmanA graMthamAM bhaya kahevAmAM AvyA che)ne ja upadeza Apyo che." (prAcIna bhAratavarSa pR. 14, Ti. 2) ukta lakhANamAM DokaTaramahadaya "mahAtrate" ane "kya' e banene eka ja samajatA lAge che, ane temanI A samajaNa aMdhakArane prakAza ane prakAzane aMdhakAra kahevA jevI apUrva vilakSaNa che. ema che tethI tene apUrva zodha ja kahevAya ne ? ahiMsA, satya, asteya ane aparigraha e 1. jevuM chapAeluM che tevuM ja lakhyuM che.

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( 232 ) " cAra mahAvratA che, jenuM bIjI' nAma saMvara che. savara eTale pApane rAkavAnI pravRtti. e cAra mahAvratA pApane rAke evAM che mATe ja e savararUpa paNa che. AthI UlaTu hiM'grA, asatya, caurya ane parigraha e cAra pApavRttio che, jenAM jaina ane bauddha darzanamAM Asrava ane Astava evAM khIjA e nAma prasiddha che. Asrava ke Astava eTale 'DImAMthI jema pANI cUyA kare tema je pravRtti arthAta hiMsA vagerenI pravRtti. Asava 'mAM mULa dhAtu 'kSu' che ane ' Apnava'mAM mULa dhAtu ' nu ' che. e ane dhAtunA artha jharavuM-- TapakavuM--cavuM thAya che. ' Asava 'nuM prAkRta rUpa Asava thAya che, ane ' Anava 'tuM prAkRta rUpa ' ahva ke ahya thAya che. arthAta ahraya ' zabda AsavanA paryAya che, ane te Rsi'sA, asatya, coryAM, parigraha vagere pApapravRttiAnA sUcaka che. tyAre DaoNkaTaramahAzaya e pApapravRttinA sUcaka ' ahraya ' zabdane cAra mahAvratA--ahiM'sA, satya, asteya ane aparigrahanA sUcaka kahIne eka tadna navI ja zodha kare che ema ja kahevAya ne ? ( " ' jainAnA aMgasUtra praranavyAkaraNusUtramAM e ' ahaya' zabda Asava arthamAM vaparAyelA paNa che. - pAIasamahuva 'nA sakalaka pa`Dita haragoviMdadAsa pazu - muya ' zabdane ukta Asava amAM ja jaNAve che: [Azrava] karmacaMSa ke jAraLa vimAvi. aNhaga aNhaya

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(233) mAre, DokaTarasAhebe lagAvelAM keTalAM gappAM batAvavA? DokaTarasAheba lakhe che ke- buddhadevanI mAtAnuM nAma yazodharA" (prAcIna bhAratavarSa pR. 12) che jyAre kharI rIte te buddhadevanI strInuM nAma yazodharA che. strIne mAtA TharAvavI e paNa eka apUrva zodha ja che ne? - buddhadevanA ziSyonA nAma jaNAvatAM DaoNkaTaramahAzaya "jalAyana" (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 14) nAma jaNAve che. uparAMta teo pitAnI eka TippaNamAM lakhe che ke " keTalAMka bauddha granthamAM jaLAyana lakhyuM che." (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR.11, TippaNa 38 tathA pR. 6 TippaNa 12.) DokaTarasAhebe "jalAyana" nAmanI navI zodha te karI, paNa te temaNe kayA bauddha granthamAMthI meLavyuM che te lakhavAnI temane jarUra nathI jaNAI. nAma to mogalAna athavA mAgatyAna che, paNa lipizAstravizArada () DokaTarasAhebe tene jalAyana" vAMcyuM jaNAya che ane evuM UlaTuM vaMcAya tyAre ja navIna zodha thaI zake ne ? DokaTaranA ItihAsamAM buddhadevanI mAtAnuM nAma yazodharA che e vAta upara AvI gaI, paNa bIjI navI vAta e che ke teo buddhadevanI strInuM nAma "yadA" paNa jaNAve che. umare AvatAM sArA khAnadAna kuTuMbanI "yazodA nAme kSatriya kanyA sAthe pANigrahaNa karAvyuM hatuM." (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 10, tathA pR. 13)

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(34) DokaTarasAheba lakhe che ke -" kazi nAmanA muni thayA hatA te kozalapati rAjA prasenajita-bauddha graMthanA rAjA pasAdinA dharmaguru hatA."--(prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 5) DokaTarasAheba temanA lakhANa mATe javAbadAra che kharA? javAbadAra hoya te temaNe kezi muni ane rAjA prasenajita vagerene uparyukta je saMbaMdha batAvyuM che te mATe temanI pAse kAMI pramANa che kharuM? hoya te te temaNe ukta lakhAzumAM kema TAMkayuM nathI? kaI paNa jaina ke bauddha graMthamAM kezI muni ane rAjA prasenajitanA ke pasAdinA saMbaMdhane lagatI vAta ja nathI AvatI. bauddhonA dIghanikAyamAM vAyA puraMtamAM rAjA pAyAsi ane kumAra kAzyapane saMbaMdha Avela che ane jainenA rAyapaLamuttamAM rAjA pati ane zikumAranA saMbaMdhanI vAta Ave che, paNa keI sthaLe pasenajita vApasAdinI sAthe kezi muninI hakIkta ja maLatI nathI. tyAre AvI nirAdhAra vAta lakhIne zuM teo pitAnA ItihAsanI zobhA vadhAravA cAhe che? athavA emanI pAse ukta lakhANa mATe koI purA hoya to jarUra prakaTa karavA kRpA kare. vaLI, "prAcIna bhAratavarSane chaThuM pAne temaNe kezamuninI je pAMca peDhIo batAvI che te kaI paTTAvaLInA AdhAre ? je paTTAvALI uparathI e peDhIo batAvI che te paTTAvaLI keTalI prAcIna che? keNe banAvelI che ? ane itihAsanI keTimAM e paTTAvaLI mUkI zakAya evI che kharI? DokaTara sAheba javAba devA jarUra tasdI leze.

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(35) Tara sAheba lakhe che ke -" vaLI sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM zAlikanuM nAma joDAyeluM che." ( prAcIna bhAratavarSa pR. 396 ) A bAbata viSe mAre jaNAvavuM joIe ke DokaTara mahAzaya je prazistane ulekha kare che te rudradAmanane lekha ja che. e lekha aneka sthaLe mudrita thayela che. phArbasa sajAvALA "hisTorikala InTakrIpazana opha gujarAta bhAga 1 nAmanA pustakamAM tathA bhAvanagara mahArAjA taraphathI prakAzita thayelA "prAkRta, saMskRta, InaskrIpazana" nAmanA zrI piTarsana saMpAdita granthamAM e Akho lekha paMktivAra chapAcele che. tenI badhI maLIne vaza paMktio che. temAM vizeSa nAme tarIke caSTana, rudradAmana, mahAkSatrapa ItyAdi nAme meM joyelA che; paNa e lekhamAM kaI sthaLe vA koI paMktimAM " zAlizuka nuM nAma mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyuM nathI. tamAre pR. 396 vAge uparyukta ullekha vAMcI meM e lekhane pharIpharIne vAMcI che. tenA anuvAde ane te uparanI TippaNIo paNa ghaNuM ja sUkSmatAthI vAMcI joI, chatAM mArI najare e lekhamAM kyAMya " zAlizukanuM nAma na caDayuM te na ja caDayuM, eTaluM ja nahi paNa e lekhanA saMpAdake ane vivecakenI najaramAM paNa "zAlizuka" nuM

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(236) nAma nathI AvyuM te pachI te tamArI najaramAM zI rIte caDI AvyuM ? tame ema jaNAvyuM hatuM ke rudradAmananA lekhamAM amuka paMktimAM "zAlizuka"nA nAmane ullekha che, paNa tame te pramANa ke purAvA ApavAnA zapatha lIdhA che. paNa mahAnubhAva, Ama te kaMI ItihAsa lakhAte haze ? tame have A vAta veLAsara jaNAvI nAkhe ke rudradAmAnavALA lekhamAM "zAlizukanuM nAma amuka paMktimAM AveluM che. nahi jaNAve te tame kapita vAte haMkAre che e kahevuM jarA ya vadhAre paDatuM nathI. vaLI e lekha bAbata tame eka bIjI paNa kuceSTA karI che. te e ke, "prazastinA be vibhAga che ItyAdi-"( prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 396) e lekha eka akhaMDa lekha che, tenA be bhAga ja nathI. atyAra sudhInA badhA zodhakoe e lekhane eka akhaMDa ja jaNAvela che. temAM lipi ke bhASAnuM aMtara nathI. Ama chatAM ya tame be bhAga zI rIte kahe che ? tamArI kalpanAnI puSTi mATe tame kazuM pramANa paNa ApyuM nathI. A uparAMta DokaTaramahAzaye e rudradAmananA lekha bAbata bIjI paNa aneka anargala kalpanAo (pR. 3lya37) cItarI mUkI che ke je kalpanAnuM nathI meM ke nathI mAthuM. Ama vinA purAvAthI lakhanArane vAraMvAra zuM kahevuM? DaoNkaTarasAhebanI cAlAkInI zI vAta karuM ? eka te teo je akSare jyAM na hoya tene tyAM vAMcI kADhe che,

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(237) athavA jyAM je akSare temane anukuLa na hoya tene badale bIjA akSaro goThavI kADhI pitAnA itihAsane camatkAra batAve che. "bhIllA Tesa" nAmanA pustakanuM nAma ApI teo temAMnA lekha viSe lakhatAM jaNAve che ke, " temAMnA eka upara mahAkaza5 zabda che" ( prAcIna bhAratavarSa pR. 194) A mULa lekha " epirAphi InDikA " bhAga 10 naMbara 65 " upara Avelo che ane A bAbata " gAIDa epha sAMcI" nAmanA pustakamAM (pR. 136) paNa jaNAvela che tathA rAdhAkumuda mukarajInA " azoka' nAmanA granthamAM (pR. 35 ) ane mAradya hRtihAsa zrI pavA mAMja 2 nAmanA hiMdI bhASAnA ItihAsa graMthamAM (pR. 592) paNa vigatavAra hakIkata AvelI che, chatAM kayAMya e mULa lekhamAM mahAkazipa" zabda ja nathI paNa mAtra "kAsapa" zabda ja che. sana 1934 nI AvRttivALA mahAvaMzamAM (pR. 19) sapurita () gotara mAtAriya" A pATha che. vAcake joI zakaze ke e pAThamAM kayAMya "mahA" zabda che? vaLI ukta lekhamAM "mahA" zabda umerI DokaTarasAheba tene bhagavAna mahAvIra' e artha karavA mAge che, paNa mUra vArita kutta: zAlA ? " jyAM lekhamAM "mahA" zabda ja nathI tyAM te dvArA "mahAvIra" artha kapAya ja kema ? DokaTarasAheba lakhe che ke "maskinA lekhamAM marApta zabda spaSTapaNe dekhAya che. xx x paNa A vidvAnane namrapaNe pUchavAnuM ke, vAkayamAM te azoka zabdane praga prathama

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(ra38) vibhaktimAM thayela che eTale te zabda kata tarIke lekhavAne che. jyAre azovarsa zabda te chaThThI viraktine zabda che. te zuM chaThThI vibhaktine zabda keI kAryane katI thaI zake khare? tema bIjI muzkelI e che ke rojaH zabda pachI thoDIka jagyA khAlI che tyAM kayA zabda geAThavavA dhAre che? mArI mAnyatA ema che ke A khAlI jagyAmAM je zabda hoya te ja katAM tarIke eTale ke prathama vibhakitanA zabda tarIke he jeIe ane te zabda kAM te vatra athavA anuna ke vairAna havA saMbhava che, eTale AkhuM vAkya bonasa patra ema vAMcI zakAya." (prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 4ra), uparyukta lakhANamAM DokaTarasAhebe pitAnI buddhinA ane vyAkaraNanA jJAnanA cUrA karI nAkhyA che ane pelI khAlI jagyA jotAM temaNe je kalpanA karI che te te temanI kuzAgra buddhine ja sUjhe evI che. DokaTarasAheba vyAkaraNa keTaluM lAyA che te te huM jANatuM nathI, paNa "mazaH " mAM chaThThI vibhakti joIne temane kazI mUMjhAvAnI jarUra nahatI. gujarAtI bhASAmAM A cepaDI mArI lakhelI che" e vAkyamAM "mArI' e katA che ane te chaThThI vibhaktimAM Avela che. te ja rIte saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM kaI paNa kartAsUcaka zabda chaThThI vibhaktimAM jarUra AvI zake che. jema "midrasya Rti: caMdra 'i eTale kartAmAM chaThThI vibhakti nathI AvatI

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(39) mATe "aravalsa" nI chaThThI vibhaktinuM zuM thaze-evI kalpanAne jarA ya avakAza nathI. DokaTarasAheba vyAkaraNa na bhaNayA heya te have jarUra jaNa le ane "vivekSAta: kAravALa" tathA "kta: vari pachI e badhA niyame kaMThastha karI rAkhe. temane je A prastuta kaliyugI ItihAsa lakhAya che temAM temane e kaMThastha kareluM vyAkaraNa ghaNuM kAma Avaze. vaLI khaDaka uparanA ukata lekhamAM theDI khAlI jagyA jALI DokaTarasAheba addabhuta kalpanA calAvI rahyA che ane tyAM navAnavA zabda umeravA pitAnI buddhine kasI rahyA che, paNa temane haju khaDakalekhane anubhava ja nathI. huM te ema paNa kahI zakuM chuM ke je khaDakalekha vize teo A uTapaTAMga kalpanA deDAvI rahyA che te temaNe jAte vacce hoya ke je hoya e paNa saMbhavita nathI jaNAtuM; kAraNa ke temane brAhmI lipi ke pAlI bhASA bemAMnuM eke AvaDatuM nathI. mAtra temanI zakita te uTapaTAMga cItaravAnI ja che. khaDakalekhamAM gyA rAkhavAmAM Ave che tyAM keI nAma rahI gayuM che, vA tyAM keI navuM ja nAma umeravAnuM che evI kalpanAne sAru nahi ja; paraMtu khaDakonI sapATI keTaleka ThekANe sama hoya che ane keTaleka ThekANe viSamaH athAt khADAkhaDiyAvALI hoya che, eTale khaDakanI sama sapATI uparane akSara sArI rIte ane sahelAIthI karI zakAya ane jyAM khaDakanI sapATI khADAkhaDiyAvALI, UMDI ke upaselI vA jhINA jhINA khADAvALI hoya tenA upara akSaro sArI rIte

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(240) kotarI ja na zakAya, ane A eka ja kAraNathI khaDakenA lekhamAM vacce vacce khAlI jagyA choDavAmAM Ave che. A hakIkta khaDaka lekhakane abhyAsI sArI rIte jANI zake ema che, paNa ApaNA DokaTarasAhebane itihAsajJAnane sparza paNa nathI eTale teo e khAlI jagyA joI kaI paNa ItihAsamAM navuM nAma umeravA lalacAya ja ne? paNa itihAsamAM navuM nAma umeravA jatAM keTalI vIse se thAya che enI temane khabara ja nathI! lakhANa bahu lAMbuM thayuM che, have te tene TuMkAvavA ja dhAruM chuM. cheka chelle ApaNuM DekaTarasAhebanI eka taddana navI ja zodha vize jaNAvI vAcakone kaMTALe che karIza. DekaTarasAheba jaNAve che keH "atyAra sudhI jena prajAmAM ema mAnavAmAM Ave che ke zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa sthAnamekSakalyANaka-baMgALa IlAkAmAM Avela pAvApurI che. jo ke te mATe kaI aitihAsika purA kaI taraphathI rajU karate nathI ja "-(prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 371). ukta lakhANa upara TippaNa karatAM DokaTaramahAzaya jaNAve che ke: " A tIrtha mATe zvetAmbara digambara bane te maMdira pitAnI mAlikInuM che, ema sAbita karavA keTe caDI, lAkha rUpiyAnI dhULadhANI karI nAMkhI che, paNa kharI rIte te jagyA mokSakalyANakanI bhUmi ja nathI."--(prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 371, TippaNu pa4muM.)

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(241) DokTarasAhebanI A zodhe te kamAla karI che. ane jaina AgamanI vANune paNa anyathA karI nAMkhI che. jainenA prasiddha sUtra kalpasUtramAM lakheluM che ke - " egaM pAvAe majjhimAe hathivAlassa ranno rajjugasabhAe apacchimaM aMtarAvAsaM vAsAvAsaM uvAgae // 122 // " (kalpasUtra mULa) atha-"bhagavAna mahAvIre pitAnuM taddana chelluM mAruM madhyamapAvAmAM rAjA hatyivAlanI rajajukasabhAmAM kareluM." A pAvA athavA pAvApurI te hAla bihAra pAse AvelI che ane bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nirvANa sthaLa paNa e ja che. e mATe sauthI prabaLa purA kalpasUtrane uparyukta ullekha ja che ane vadhArAmAM e mATe AcArya guNacaMdranA mahAvIra caritrane ulekha, AcArya hemacaMdranA mahAvIra caritrane ullekha tathA zrI jinaprabhasUrine apApAbRhatkarSa vagere uparAMta prAcIna tIrthamALAonA paNa saMkhyAbaMdha purAvA che, chatAM DAkaTarasAheba pharamAve che ke "te mATe kaI aitihAsika purA kaI taraphathI rajU karAte nathI ja. je sthaLanA nirNaya mATe ATalA purAvA chatAM DaoNkaTarasAheba temAM eka paNa purA joI zakatA nathI e kevI temanI divyadaSTi che??? DaoNkaTarasAheba jaNAve che ke-pAvApurI zada kheTe lakhAya che. tene mATe purA temanI pAse kaze 16

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(ra4ra) nathI paNa temanI nirmULa kalpanA ja che. te bAbata lakhatAM teo lakhe che ke "je ke jainazAstromAM te A nagarIvALA bhAgane pAvApurI tarIke oLakhAvI che paNa te sthAne zrI mahAvIra jevA jaina vibhUtinA prANa haryA te mATe tene HTTInArI kahI dIdhI che. x x paNa kharI rIte te te vidizA nagarInI pUrva dizAmAM AveluM eka paruM ja che ane tethI kavi samayasuMdare banAvelI gAthA pramANe pUrva vidizA pAvApurI baa marI re-te kaDI sAcI che. pAvApUrIne badale parvatapUrI zabda haze ke? kemake A rathAnanI cAre bAjU parvatamALA ja AvI rahI che. ane tethI lakhanAra parvata pUrI lakhI hoya paNa nakla karanAre "pata" zabdane badale khAvA" vAMcI pAvApurI lakhI dIdhuM hAya."-(prAcIna bhAratavarSa, pR. 19da, Ti124muM) A TipaNamAM te DokaTaranI buddhinuM eTaluM badhuM uDDayana che ke eTaluM uDDayana bIje kaMI kare te tene zvAsa ja rUMdhAya, paNa dhanya che e DokaTarane ke je jema phAve tema buddhinuM tAMDava karI rahyA che ! prathama te "parvatapUrI" evA suMdara zabdanI kalpanA ane pachI kaI lakhanAre "parvata'ne badale "pAvA" lakhI dIdhuM che evI vaLI suMdaratama kalpanA! huM pUchuM chuM ke zuM AgamakALathI mAMDI atyAra sudhInA badhA grantha lakhanArA, vivecake, TIkAkAra, caritrakAra, prabaMdhakAra, kalpakAre ane nakala lakhanArA lekhake badhA ya bhIMta bhUlyA che?

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(ra43) DokaTarasAheba! tamArI svachaMda buddhi upara kAbU rAkhe. ane koI paNa purAvA batAvyA sivAya AvI uTapaTAMga pratibhAnuM pradarzana na karo. mane bhaya che ke A ItihAsa lakhanArane kaI dhatUrAnA mitra tarIke na oLakhe. jyAM tIrthakalpamAM pAvApurIne kalpa che tyAM ema paNa jaNAveluM che ke - "majjhimapAvAe puTviM apAvApuri tti nAmaM Asi / sakkeNa pAvApuri tti nAmaM kayaM jeNa ittha mahAvIrasAmI kaalgo| ittheva ya purIe vaisAhasuddhaikkArasIdivase jaMbhiagAmAo ratti bArasajoaNANi AgaMtUNa puvvaNhadesakAle mahAseNavane bhagavayA goamAI gaNaharA paMDiagaNaparivuDA dikkhiA ppmuiaa|" vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 44 siMghI graMthamALA arthAta-"je madhyama pAvAnagarImAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kALadharma pAmelA te nagarInuM asala nAma apAvApurI hatuM, paNu bhagavAnanA kALadharma pAmavAthI zake tene pAvApUrI kahI. vaLI, vizAkha suda ekAdazIne divase jaliya gAmathI bAra jana eka rAtamAM cAlIne bhagavAna ahIM AvelA ane ahIM AvI temaNe gautama vagerene pratibodha karI dIkSita karelA." A ullekhamAM te e paNa spaSTa jaNAveluM che ke, jabhiya gAmathI pAvApurI bAra ejana cheTI hatI. vaLI A jaMbhiya gAma juvAlukA nadInI pAse hatuM. juvAlukAnuM AjanuM nAma ajaya nadI che ane jaliyanuM AjanuM nAma jamagrAma che. A banne sthaLe pUrva dizAmAM atyAre

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(244) paNa vidyamAna che ane bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nivaNa te jaliya pAsenI pAvApurImAM ja thayuM hatuM e zaka vinAnI vAta che. DokaTarasAheba vaLI zrI samayasuMdarajIne eka bIje ajaba purA Ape cheH "pUrva vidizA vArI 4 maro re" prAcIna bhAratavarSa. mane lAge che ke DaoNkaTaramahAzaya A kaDIne artha ja samajyA nathI ane samajyA hoya te temaNe jANI joIne ja viparyAsa karelo che. zrI samayasuMdarajInuM eka stavana tIrthamALAne lagatuM che. temAM temaNe jenenAM lagabhaga badhAMya mukhya tIrthone yAda karyA che. temAM teoe uparanI kaDI mUkelI che. te kaDInuM kharuM vAMcana A pramANe che - " pUrava dizi pAvApurI riTeM bharI re mugati gayA mahAvIra tIratha te namuM re -tIrthamALA stavana, 6 ThThI kaDI. Ane artha e ja che ke pUrva dizAmAM ddhivALI pAvApurI nagarI che ane tyAM bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa pAmyA che mATe te tIrthane namana karuM chuM. " A cekhe artha chatAM ya hekaTarasAheba "pUrava zi" zabdamAMnA "pUrava? ne "pUrva ' banAvI vaLI eka navo "vi " umerI ane "va" ne "vizi" zabda sAthe joDI daI "viviAi banAvI

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(25) ane tene potAnI kalpanA pramANe vivirA ' banAve che ane te vidizAne artha hAlanI 'hilasA " eTale "sAMcI pAsenI nagarI" e artha kare che. ane ema artha karI ema batAvavA mAge che ke, te bhilasAmAM eTale sAMcImAM bhagavAna mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM hatuM. zI gajaba kalpanA, kevI adbhuta dhanazakti ane keTaluM badhuM binajavAbadArapaNuM ! sthAnAbhAvane lIdhe ja meM A pAMca muddAo jaNAvyA che. bAkI te e DaoNkaTarazAhI ItihAsamAM eka lIMTI paNa sAcI hoya ema mane te jaNAtuM nathI. je "sAcAra" mAravADamAM AveluM che tene A bhAI "sAMcI" kahe che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa "sAranI pitAnI kalpanA baMdha besADavA "sAMcI" badale "saMcayapUrI" zabda zedhI kADhe che ane pachI e "saMcayapUrI" nI sarakhAmaNI "sAcAra sAthe kare che. "sAcora" viSe je je hakIkta jaina sAhityamAM maLe che temanuM temane bhAna ja kyAMthI hoya ? teo satyapura" ne kalpa vAMce eTale basa. paNa te vAMce kyAMthI ? jemane mULa bhASA ja nathI AvaDatI teo bicArA game tema uTapaTAMga lakhe ane tene itihAsanuM nAma ApI ajJAnIone bhramaNAmAM nAkhe e sivAya bIjuM zuM karI zake? bIjuM te kAMI nahi paNa A vIsamI sadImAM AvuM taddana jUThANuM calAvanArA daMDita thatA nathI e paNa ajaba jevuM te kharuM ja ne ? athavA ApaNuM gulAmI dazA ja e mATe javAbadAra che e kahevuM barAbara che.

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( 246 ) thAtA divasA pahelAM 5. ecaradAsa je mArA ciraparicita che ane mArA pUjyapAda guruzrI vijayadharmasUrinA ziSya hAI mArA satIrthya che teo zivaga ja AvelA. temanI sAthe meM A itihAsanI vAta karI. temaNe kahyuM ke: " e itihAsa viSe kazuM ja lakhavA jevu' nathI. je granthanI eka paNa kalpanA sAcI na heAya te vize zu' lakhavuM? mAre mana teA e itihAsa ja nathI; paNa mAtra pAkhaMDa che ane aMdhazraddhALu lokone bhrAntimAM nAkhanAruM pustaka che. " A temanA abhiprAya jANyA pachI paNa me temane e itihAsa khAkhata lakhavAnI mArI potAnI icchA batAvI ane te kAmamAM sahakAra ApavA khAsa preraNA karI. paMDitajIe sArA A lekhamAM peAtAnA prAmANika sahakAra ApyA che ane te dvArA amAruM satIrthya paNu vizeSa snigdha banyu che. have pachI paNa yathAvakAze e itihrAsanA bIjA aneka muddAo ughADA pADavA vRtti che ane banaze teA e khAkhata eka svataMtra pustaka ja lakhavAnu mana che. paramAtmA saune sanmati Ape ane satya tarapha vALe. MEENAGE anne sy WAN E

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(247) zuddhipatraka azuddha che. ra Barabar Vol. 1, ) ru Barabar Vol. 7, varSa munibhadai trIjA karAyA che ne trIjAnA ? ke che 9 18 By C. A. G, I. A. G. I. sanarAvIne paramAvI Vinaleharan Low Dimala Charan Law H. C. T. S. P. 181 (On Yuan Ch Wang Vol. II, P. 181. raTeTanA Epigraphica Epigrapbia jANavAnuM ke jaNAvavAnuM keAyuddhajha AyuddhAjha adhyA ? ayodhyA (?) yuddhajhi AyuddhAjha 3 107 149 110 11 16 3 je A. H. T. Ancient Indian Historical Trailition yAya vidheya 112 4

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(248) pradezane 112 117 119 121 123 arthane Tome V12 Tome VI/% vATaTAnakavAstavyAH vATadhAnakavAstavyAH behUdI bedI ane strI ane tenI strI nehathI snehane lIdhe Prinee Prince mRtyu mRtyudAsa maryAdAsa 123. 123 127 marya 127 127 147 upara 153 168 179 190 Geogrophy Geography zorIstu zauristu bRhavRtti bRhadvRtti pasanAda pasenadi sAtha nayA........ sArika nahiM Medieval Mediaeval P. 164-65 by P. 164-65. Firstf ruit First fruit Arya saMdhanA AryasaMghane bhAratavarSa bhAratavarSa mUtio mUti mAlyAna maulyAna 206 208 223 226 229 mUrtio mUrti 233