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તખક. 1
Nyaya-Kusumanjali
To
Mati-jnana is the knowledge acquired by means of the senses and the mind. It deals with objects existing at the moment under consideration. perceive colour by means of the eye, taste by means of the tongue, smell by means of the nose, sound by means of the ear and touch by means of the skin comes under its province. It is subdivided into (1) Avagraha, (2) Tha, (3) Avaya and (4) Dharana. It forms the basis of S'ruta-jnana but it differs from it in respect of its extent, for it is confined to the present only, while such is not the case with the latter.
S'ruta-jnana is the knowledge derived from words, from reading books, from seeing gestures or facial expressions or from other kinds of symbols or signs. This Jnana transcends the limits laid down for Mati-jnana both in respect of time and space. In other words, it deals with the objects existing at present and also with those that existed in the past and which will exist in future. Various names are mentioned for this Jnana, some of them are Agama, Apta-vachana and Pravachana.
Mati and S'ruta come under the Paroksha Pramana. Mati includes Smriti, Pratyabhijnana, Tarka and Anumana, whereas Sruta, Agama.
One can have from one to four different kinds of knowledge at one and the same time. Thus if he has only one, it must be Kevala; if two, Mati and Sruta; if three, Mati, Sruta and either Avadhi or Manahparyaya and if four, all except Kevala.
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