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7/1948. ] Nyāya-Kusumānjali ngs to all the Ghatas. But if we examine from the stand-point of Vis'esha, we can distinguish one Ghata from another, that is to say, we come to know their differences in colour, weight, etc.
This Naya is called "non-distinguished', for, it does not observe any distinction between the generic and the specific properties of an object as the two succeeding Nayas do. It considers that the generic properties are always accompanied by the specific and vice-versa. For example, when we speak of a jar, we realize certain properties of the jar that distinguish it from other substances, that it is to say, the specific properties belonging to it and the generic propertiesproperties that it has in common with other substances.
This Naya has three subdivisions:-( 1 ) Bhuta Naigama, ( 2 ) Vartamana Naigama and ( 3 Bhavishyat Naigama. To speak of a past event as present is Bhuta Naigama. For instance, on the morning of Dipavali, one may say that Lord Mahavira attained salvation to-day. It is a fact that Lord Mahavira does not attain salvation on the day when this remark is made. But it is that such an event took place on a corresponding day in the past. Figurative attribution of the past to the present comes under this Naya. To speak of the future event as the present is the second variety of Naigama. Herein, instead of noticing in the concrete present some elements which were once associated with the past we may detect in it something which is yet to be. As for example, at the sight of a president-elect, one may say that he is a president. Thus he identifies the
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