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24448. ) Nyāya-Kusumānjali without being impelled in its motion by water but only receiving its assistance in moving. The examples generally given to illustrate Adharma are as follows: (1) Adharma is said to be like earth which does not stop creatures from moving but becomes a support of them when they are at rest. ( 2 ) Adharma is like shadow which does not compel the travellers scorched by the rays of the sun to stop from moving but assists them when they are prone to rest.
Akas'a gives room to subsist. It does not require any other substance to contain it.* It is a receptacle of all other substances. Just as space in a room can be filled up by the lights of different lamps which intermingle and penetrate the space, so do other substances, Dharma, etc., penetrate Akas'a. Akas'a is subtle like all other substances except Pudgala. Like Dharma and Adharma, it is incapable of motion. It is of two kinds:-Lokakas'a and Alokakas'a These will be explained in the fifth chapter. Lokakas'a has innumerable Prades'as, while Alokakas'a has an infinite number of them.
*Pudgala is matter. It has colour, taste, smell,
* This is important, for, if space needed to be contained we should be obliged to have something else to contain it and there would have to be something to contain that and so we would get an infinite regress.
I Matter never develops into consciousness, so says Jainism. Thus it differs in this respect from the
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