Chanakya vishayi Navin Kahi

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Jainvidya Adhyapan evam Sanshodhan Samstha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009390/1

Page #1
cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI... jaina sAhityAta cANakyAcA zodha DaoN. nalinI jozI

Page #2
cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI... (jaina sAhityAta cANakyAcA zodha) lekhana ANi saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI paNNAsa samikkhae sanmati-tIrtha jainavidyA adhyApana evaM saMzodhana saMsthA phirodiyA hosTela 844, zivAjInagara, bI.em.sI.sI. roDa puNe 411004 julai 2015

Page #3
cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI... (jaina sAhityAta cANakyAcA zodha) * lekhana ANi saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI lekhana-sahayoga DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA DaoN. anItA botharA prakAzaka : sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana jainavidyA adhyApana evaM saMzodhana saMsthA phirodiyA hosTela, 844, zivAjInagara, bI.em.sI.sI. roDa, puNe 411004 * sarva adhikAra surakSita * prakAzana : julai 2015 pratI : 500 * mUlya : 400/ * akSara juLaNI : zrI. ajaya jozI * mudraka : kalyANI kaoNrporezana, 1464, sadAziva peTha, puNe - 411030

Page #4
jyAMcyA vayAtalI ANi kauTuMbika bhUmikAMmadhalI aneka sthityaMtare mI gelI tIna dazake nyAhALata Ale ANi jyAMnI mAjhyA samaveta prAkRta bhASA ANi jaina tattvajJAnAtIla aneka sauMdaryasthaLe ANi tathye yAMcA bauddhika AnaMda manasokta luTalA tyA mAjhyA sarva prauDha vidyArthyAMnA mana:pUrvaka arpaNa !!! nalinI jozI

Page #5

Page #6
kra. 1) 2) 3) 4) 6) 7) cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI... (jaina sAhityAta cANakyAcA zodha ) anukramaNikA zIrSaka bhUmikA prakaraNa 1 aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra prakaraNa 2 brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya prakaraNa 3 cANakyAcI samagra jIvanakathA prakaraNa 4 kathAbAhya saMdarbha a) kathAbhAgApekSA vegaLe zvetAMbara saMdarbha va tyAvarIla bhASya ba) kathAbhAgApekSA vegaLe digaMbara saMdarbha va tyAvarIla bhASya prakaraNa 5 arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna jaina sAhitya a) jaina sAhityikAMnI arthazAstrAtUna ghetalelI kathAbIje ba) ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMtha ANi arthazAstra yAtIla sAmAjika sAMskRtika sAmyasthaLe ka) jaina AcArasaMhitA ANi arthazAstrAtIla samAna pAribhASika zabda Da) jaina AcAraniyamAMcI arthazAstrAcyA pariprekSyAta mImAMsA (1) jaina zrAvakAcAra ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra (2) jaina sAdhuAcAra ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra upasaMhAra saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 5 pRSTha kra. 1 11 29 61 132 199 214 228 242 254 279 297

Page #7
6

Page #8
bhUmikA

Page #9

Page #10
bhUmikA bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA saMstheta prAkRta-iMgrajI mahAzabdakozAce kAma karata asatAnA AraMbhIcyA pAca varSAta, vividha prakAracyA prAkRta bhASAMta lihilelyA graMthAMtUna sumAre pAca lAkha zabdapaTTikA tayAra karUna, tyAMcI akArAnukrame vargavArI kelI. kozAta kAma karaNAr2yA abhyAsakAMcyA camUne, he pracaMDa kAma pahilyA pAca varSAta bareca pUrNatvAsa nele. tyAnaMtara tyA zabdapaTTikA arthAsahita pUrNa karaNyAce kAma cAlU jhAle. tyAveLI 'koDalla', 'koDilla', 'koDallaya', 'cANakka', 'cANikka' azA zabdapaTTikA lakSaNIya pramANAta disUna AlyA. Azcarya mhaNaje tyA prAya: sarvacyA sarva, jainAMnI lihilelyA prAkRta graMthAMtIla hotyA. "jaina sAhityAta cANakyAcA zodha ghetalA pAhije" - azI khUNagATha tyAca veLI manAta bAMdhalI. kityeka varSe he vicArAMce bIja suptAvastheta taseca manAta paDUna rAhile. aMdAje julai 2010 lA cANakyaviSayaka prakalpAcI rUpareSA AkhalI. jaina graMthAMcA jasajasA

Page #11
bhUmikA ADhAvA gheU lAgalo, tasatazI eka goSTa prAmukhyAne najaresamora AlI. isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakApAsUna te paMdharA-soLAvyA zatakAparyaMta lihilyA gelelyA jaina graMthAta cANakya ANi kauTilya yAMce saMdarbha vADhatyA saMkhyene navyAne sApaData gele. bhAMDArakara saMsthece samRddha graMthAlaya yAsAThI atizaya upayukta Tharale. sarva jaina saMdarbhAMcI chAnanI kelyAvara puDhIla goSTI najareta bharalyA - zvetAMbara sAhityAta, ekA zabdAta kelelyA ullekhApAsUna hemacaMdrAMnI pariziSTaparvAtIla' AThavyA sargAta 271 saMskRta zlokAta lihilelyA samagra cANakyacaritrAparyaMta kamIadhika lAMbIce vegavegaLe kathAbhAga disUna Ale. yA saMdarbhAMcI saMkhyA sumAre 45 itakI lakSaNIya hotI. digaMbara paraMpareta bhagavatI ArAdhanesArakhyA' prAcIna ANi vizruta graMthAta cANakyAcyA pAdapopagamanApAsUna AraMbha karUna theTa apabhraMzAtIla saMkSipta caritrAparyaMta sumAre 15 ullekha ADhaLUna Ale. digaMbarAMcA sarvAta lakSaNIya saMskRta graMtha jo 'bRhatkathAkoSa', tyAmadhye hariSeNAcI 85 saMskRta zlokAta baddha asalelI 'cANakyamunikathA' sarvAta lakSavedhaka TharalI. kAraNa AThavyA zatakAnaMtaracyA digaMbara sAhityAvara ticAca prabhAva moThyA pramANAvara disUna AlA. sarva zvetAMbara ANi digaMbara ullekha ekatritapaNe dhyAnAta ghetalyAvara ase dRSTotpattIsa Ale kI, cANakyaviSayaka jaina ullekha he isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakApAsUna paMdharA-soLAvyA zatakAparyaMta pasaralele Aheta. saMzodhanAcI zista lakSAta gheUna, yA sarva saMdarbhAMcI zatakAnusAra punarracanA karUna, tyAMcI kALajIpUrvaka chAnanI kelyAvaraca jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAce yathArtha citra najaresamora yeIla - - hI goSTa dhyAnAta AlI.

Page #12
bhUmikA jainAMce sAhitya abhyAsatAnA nehamIca tyAtIla samakAlIna bahubhASikatA lakSAta ghyAvI lAgate. tyA bhASAMcA saMdarbha arthAtaca kALAzI joDalelA Ahe. sarvAta prAcIna 'ardhamAgadhI' graMthAta cANakyaviSayaka ullekha ADhaLale nAhIta. mAtra upalabdha digaMbara sAhityAtIla sarvAta prAcIna prAkRta bhASA jI jaina zaurasenI' tyAmadhye cANakyAce ullekha disatAta. saMkhyene ANi guNavattene mahattvAce asalele ullekha 'jaina mahArASTrI' bhASeta bhASya, cUrNI ANi TIkA yA zvetAMbarIya graMthAta vizeSatvAne disUna yetAta. zvetAMbara va digaMbara doghAMnIhI kALAlA anusarUna yathocitapaNe saMskRta sAhityAcI nirmitI kelelI disate. tyAnusAra AThavyA zatakAta 'hariSeNa' ANi bArAvyA zatakAta 'hemacaMdra' yA prakhyAta jaina AcAryAMnI ApApalyA paraMparetIla cANakyAce yathArtha citra tyAMcyA saMskRta graMthAta zabdabaddha kele. ___dahAvyA-akarAvyA zatakAnaMtara digaMbara paraMpareta apabhraMza bhASetIla 'kathAnuyoga' sAhityAsa khUpa bahara AlA. tyAmuLe 'cariu' yA zIrSakAkhAlI lihilelyA aneka caritagraMthAta, kAhI kathAbhAgAMcyA rUpAne cANakyAcA vRttAMtahI grathita jhAlA. sArAMza kAya tara bhASika dRSTyA cANakyAce saMdarbha jaina zaurasenI, jaina mahArASTrI, saMskRta ANi apabhraMza yA cArahI bhASAMtUna jAgojAgI vikhuralele disUna yetAta. cANakyAcI rUDha nAve tIna Aheta 'cANakya', 'kauTilya' ANi 'viSNugupta'. jaina lekhakAMnI sarvAdhika pasaMta kelele nAva 'cANakya' Ahe. tyAkhAlokhAla pasaMtI 'kauTilya' yA nAvAlA Ahe. arthazAstrAcA ullekha 'kauTilyakazAstra' asA anekadA yeto. tyAmAnAne brAhmaNatvAcI chApa adhorekhita karaNAre 'viSNugupta'

Page #13
bhUmikA he nAva, kevaLa eka-donadAca upayojita kelele disate. kauTilIya arthazAstrAce jagabharAtIla abhyAsaka nehamIca hA vivAda upasthita karata Ale Aheta kI, 'yA tInahI vyaktI kharokhara eka Aheta kI bhinna ?' hemacaMdrAMnI samAnArthaka nAvAMcyA yAdIta hI tInahI nAve deUna, kimAna jainAMcyA dRSTIne tarI yA vivAdAlA pUrNavirAma dilelA disato. sarva jaina ullekhAMcA ADhAvA ghetalyAvara cANakya puDhIla saMdarbhAta najaresamora AlA. tyAce saMmizra citra khAlIlapramANe mana:paTalAvara umaTale. magadhAcyA prAcIna itihAsAcyA saMdarbhAta - pATaliputrAtIla tIvra durbhikSAcyA saMdarbhAta - jaina AgamAMcyA vAcanecyA saMdarbhAta - troTaka ullekha, prasaMga ANi samagra caritrAcyA svarUpAta - caturvidha buddhIMpaikI mukhyataH 'pAriNAmikI' ANi kvacit 'vainayikIcyA' udAharaNAcyA svarUpAta - Adarza mRtyUce udAharaNa mhaNUna - Adarza guru-ziSyAce udAharaNa mhaNUna - arthazAstrAcyA kartRtvAcyA saMdarbhAta - rAjanItiviSayaka graMthAMcyA paraMpareta - biMbAMtarita rAjAcyA rUpAne - AjJAbhaMga karaNAr2yAMcA kaThora zAsaka mhaNUna - sAma-dAna-daMDa-bhedAne zatrUcA ni:pAta karaNArA - sarva pASaMDAMviSayI kaThora vartanAcA -

Page #14
bhUmikA rAjakoza bharaNyAsAThI aneka yuktyA yojaNArA - rAjAcyA kartavyAMcI AcArAvalI tayAra karaNArA - sAmAnya nAgarika gRhasthAMcyA vartanAlA zista lAvaNArA - dharma-artha-kAma yA tInaca puruSArthAMnA agrabhAgI ThevaNArA - sAdhu-AcArAtIla niyama-upaniyamAMnA prabhAvita karaNArA - veLaprasaMgI dUradarzitvAce ANi dIrghadveSAce darzana ghaDaviNArA - manuSyasvabhAvAcI vilakSaNa pArakha asalelA - rAjahitatatpara amAtyAcA ThasA umaTavaNArA - veLaprasaMgI ahiMselA pUrNa dUra ThevUna, rAjyahitArtha anekAMnA prANAMtika daMDa deNArA svatvAlA Theca lAgalyAvara peTUna uThaNArA - aMgabhUta viveka, samayasUcakatA ANi anAsaktImuLe tatkALa nivRttIcA nirNaya gheNArA - maMtra-taMtra, yogasiddhI, kSetra-vAstu-devatAMcyA adbhuta zaktI, jAdUToNA i. aneka goSTIMce astitva mAnaNArA - ANi tyAvarIla toDagyAMvara nipuNa asaNArA - jaina sAhityAne cANakyAcyA vividha pailUMvara prakAzajhota TAkUna, tyAce je darzana ghaDavile Ahe, te kharokharaca stimita karaNAre Ahe. vizeSa namUda karaNyAsArakhI goSTa hI Ahe kI, jaina saMdarbhAtIla javaLajavaLa 90 te 95 Takke saMdarbha he nikhAlasapaNe gauravodgAra Aheta. kevaLa 5 Takkeca saMdarbha cANakyAvara TIkAtmakaTippaNI karatAta.

Page #15
bhUmikA yA viSayAcyA cikitseta kA zirAvese vATale ? jaina sAhityAtIla cANakyaviSayaka saMdarbhAMcA ADhAvA ghetalyAvara, sAhajikaca abhijAta marAThItIla cANakyAkaDe vaLAvese vATale. itihAsa, daMtakathA ANi pratibhAvilAsa yAMce suyogya mizraNa karUna lihilelyA dona lalita kAdaMbar2yA marAThIta ADhaLalyA. DaoN.rA.ciM.Dhere yAMcI 'nRpanirmAtA cANakya' ANi zrI. vasaMta paTavardhana yAMcI 'Arya'. durdaivAne khUpa zodha gheUnahI 'nRpanirmAtA cANakya' kAdaMbarI miLU zakalI nAhI. bhAratIya saMskRtikozA'tIla 'kauTilya' yA viSayAkhAlIla mAhitI mukhyataH 'nRpanirmAtA cANakya' yA pustakAcyA AdhAre lihilelI disUna AlI. tyAta mudrArAkSasa' nATakAtalA cANakyAcyA parNakuTIcA saMdarbhahI jaNU vastusthitI asalyAsArakhA varNilelA disalA. isavIsanapUrva cauthyA zatakAtIla magadhAcA itihAsa abhyAsUna; grIka ANi cInI pravAzAMcyA varNanAcI joDa deUna; bRhatkathAsaritsAgara, bRhatkathAmaMjarI ANi vividha hiMdU purANAMmadhIla hakigatI najarekhAlUna ghAlUna ; itarahI maukhika paraMparene cAlata AlelyA daMtakathA dhyAnI gheUna; mukhyataH Aja upalabdha asalelyA kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla bArakAvyAMmadhye disaNArI cANakyAcI vaiziSTye zodhUna; vizAkhadattAcyA mudrArAkSasa' nATakAtIla kathAvastU, saMvAda, zloka ANi vyakticitraNe AdhArAlA gheUna ANi sarvAta mahattvAce mhaNaje kalpanAramyatecyA sRSTIta zirUna ApalyA ajoDa pratibhecyA sahAyyAne uparokta kAdaMbarIkArAMnI taseca kauTilya Urpha cANakyAcyA dUradarzanavarIla mAliketahI varIla sarva aMza atizaya kalpakatene vAparalele disatAta. yA sarva prayatnAMviSayI pUrNa AdarabhAva ThevUnahI ase mhaNAvese vATate kI jaina sAhityAta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA cANakyakathAMcI ANi vaividhyapUrNa saMdarbhAMcI joDa

Page #16
bhUmikA tyAlA miLAlI asatI tara 'dugdhazarkarA' kiMvA 'maNikAMcana' yogApekSAhI AkarSaka saMyoga ghaDUna AlA asatA. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcI ba.rA.hivaragAvakara-karaMdIkara-durgA bhAgavata yA trayIne tayAra kelelI jI marAThI anuvAdasahita AvRttI Ahe, tyAtIla yA tighAMcyA prastAvanA ativistRta ANi vyAsaMgadarzI Aheta. tathApi tyAtIla hivaragAvakara-durgA bhAgavata yAMnI kADhalelyA aneka udgArAMnI Azcaryacakita hoNyAcI pALI mAjhyAvara AlI. hivaragAvakara mhaNatAta, "brAhmaNa, bauddha ANi jaina paraMparAMmadhIla sAhityAta ni:saMdigdhapaNe namUda kele Ahe kI kauTilya hA samrATa candraguptAcA amAtya hotA. tyApaikI bauddha ANi jaina sAhityAta cANakyAviSayI niMdAtmaka ullekha asUna brAhmaNa paraMpareta tyAcyAviSayIcA AdarabhAva disUna yeto." puDhe te yAcI kAraNamImAMsA detAnA mhaNatAta, "cANakya svataH brAhmaNa (Arya, zrotriya) asalyAne ANi pAkhaMDyAMviSayI tyAce dhoraNa atizaya kaDaka asalyAne bauddha-jaina graMthAMta tyAcI niMdA kelI Ahe tara brAhmaNasAhityAta tyAcI stutI disate." hivaragAvakarAMcyA pAhaNyAta AlelyA (tehI bahudhA sAMgovAMgI) naMdIsUtrAcA havAlA deUna te mhaNatAta, "jainAMcyA naMdIsUtra graMthAta cANakyAcyA kuTilanItizAstrAcI gaNanA mithyAzrutAta kelI Ahe." (hivaragAvakara, prastA.pR.4; pR.22) tarI bare, hivaragAvakarAMnI tatkAlIna rAjyapaddhatIMce vivecana karatAnA jainAMcyA AcArAMgasUtrAtIla 'rAjazAhI, gaNarAjya, dvirAjya ANi arAjya' yA padAvalIMcA tarI yogya artha lAvalA Ahe. durgAbAI bhAgavatAMnI arthazAstrAtIla kAhI saMdarbhAMcI bauddha sAhityAcyA pariprekSyAta mImAMsA karaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. paraMtu jaina saMdarbhAMviSayI tyAMnI ekahI vAkya lihilele nAhI.

Page #17
bhUmikA vizAkhadattAcyA 'mudrArAkSasa' nATakAcyA AvRttIta, suprasiddha saMskRtajjJa ANi prAcyavidyAtajjJa DaoN.Ar.DI.karamarakara yAMnI pradIrgha prastAvanA lihilI Ahe. mudrArAkSasAce mUlasrota zodhatAnA tyAMnI 'bauddha ANi jaina mUlasrotAM'cA vicAra kelA Ahe. tyAta tyAMnI bauddhAMcyA 4-5 kirakoLa ullekhAMcA nirdeza kelA Ahe. tathApi jaina sAhityAtIla ekahI AdhArabhUta saMdarbha na pAhatA ANi tapAsatA, bauddha ullekhAMnAca jaina ullekha mhaTale Ahe. (karamarakara, prastA.pR.13-14) gelyA piDhItalyA prAcyavidyAvizAradAMcI ANi bhAratIya-vidyA-tajjJAMcI eka viziSTa vicArapaddhatI TharUna gelelI disate. 'brAhmaNaparaMparebarobaraca zramaNaparaMparetIla vicArAMcI dakhala ghetalI pAhije'-yAcI jANIva tyAMnA disate paraMtu zramaNaparaMparecA ullekha te nehamIca 'bauddha ANi jaina' asA karatAta. vastuta: prAcInatecyA dRSTIne to 'jaina ANi bauddha' - asA asaNe Avazyaka Ahe. 'je je bauddhAMnI mhaTale Ahe te te jainAMnI mhaTalele Aheca'-yA mAnasika gRhItakRtyAvara tyAMce tarka prAya: AdhAralele disatAta. 'jainAMcI mate, spaSTIkaraNe, vaicArika caukaTa vegaLI asU zakate'-he tathya te mAnya karIta nAhIta. gelyA dona dazakAMmadhye jagabharAtIla vidyApIThAMta jainavidyecA abhyAsa adhika maulikapaNe surU jhAlA Ahe. to dhAgA dharUna, jainAMcyA prAkRta-saMskRta graMthAMcI dakhala adhika arthapUrNatene gheNyAce upakrama surU jhAle Aheta. 'cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI...' he prastuta pustaka tyA sAkhaLItIla eka duvA mAnaNyAsa kAhIca harakata nAhI. cANakyAviSayIce javaLajavaLa 70 mUlagAmI jaina saMdarbha zodhUna, anuvAdita karUna ANi tyAMcI sAMgopAMga vistRta samIkSA karUna he pustaka parizramapUrvaka tayAra kele Ahe. 'jainAMcA cANakyAzI saMbaMdha kAya?';

Page #18
bhUmikA 'jaina kazAlA cANakyAlA japatIla ?'; 'sAdhuvargAviSayI kaDaka dhoraNa rAbavaNAr2yA Arya-zrotriya-vedavidyApAraMgata cANakyAviSayI jaina AcArya kase bare gauravodgAra kADhatIla?'; "mokSalakSyI jaina paraMparA arthamUlau dharmakAmau' azA dRSTikoNAcyA kuTilamati kauTilyA'cI kA dakhala gheIla ?"-yA ANi azA aneka praznAMcI uttare, vAcakAMnA yA pustakAtUna ApoApa miLatIla. kevaLa jainAMnI citrita kelelA cANakya mAMDUna he pustaka thAMbaNAra nAhI tara brAhmaNa (hiMdU) sAhityAta pratibiMbita asalelyA cANakyAcI yethe cikitsA disela. bhAratAcA pramANita itihAsa magadhApAsUna surU hota asalyAmuLe mAgadha-sAhityAtIla kauTilIya arthazAstrAce sthAnahI yethe carcile jAIla. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA paraMparetIla somadevakRta nItivAkyAmRtAcA parAmarzahI yethe ghetalelA disela-jo ekA pratibhAvAna jaina graMthakArAne lihilelA Ahe. 'cANakyAvara prakAza TAkaNAre eka apratima rAjanaitika nATaka'-azI jyA mudrArAkSasAcI khyAtI Ahe, tyAtIla jaina dhAgedore puDhe ANaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. 'kauTilIya arthazAstra' hA graMtha rAjanItiviSayaka prAcIna bhAratIya vicArAMcA mukuTamaNI mAnalA jAto. arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna samagra jaina sAhityAkaDe najara TAkUna noMdavilelI nirIkSaNe yA pustakAcyA svataMtra prakaraNAta asatIla. 'jainavidyecyA tejasvI lolakAtUna parAvartita jhAlele kAhI nave kiraNa yA pustakAtUna vAcakAMsamora yetIla'-azA Azesaha hI bhUmikA pUrNa karate.

Page #19
bhUmikA 10

Page #20
prakaraNa 1 aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra 11

Page #21

Page #22
prakaraNa 1 aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra prAcIna bhAratAcA pramANita itihAsa : prAcIna bhAratAcA itihAsa, prAcIna bhAratIya sAhityAcyA AdhAre lihiNyAce prayatna itihAsakArAMnI kelele disatAta. tyAsAThI mukhyata: RgvedApAsUna prAraMbha kelA jAto. tyAnaMtara vedAMge, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ANi SaDdarzane yAtUna pratibiMbita jhAlelyA aitihAsika aMzAMcI dakhala ghetalelI disate. vizeSata: mahAbhAratAlA aitihAsika kAvyAcA darjA dilelA ADhaLato. tarIhI prAmukhyAne vizvanirmitI, yugAMcA krama ANi prAcIna rAjavaMzAMcyA vaMzAvaLI deNArI mukhya purANe, yAMcA AdhAra itihAsalekhanAsAThI ghetalelA disato. purANAMmadhye anekadA bhaviSyakALAta 13

Page #23
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI ghaDaNAr2yA ghaTanAMcehI sUcana kelele disate. sAhityAcyA AdhAre itihAsAcI punarracanA karaNyAcA kitIhI prayatna kelA tarI, kalpanAvilAsAcI joDa asalyAmuLe taseca brAhmaNAMnI to pakSapAtIpaNe lihilelA asalyAmuLe tyAcI prAmANikatA, ni:saMdigdhapaNe mAnya karatA yeta nAhI. khar2yA arthAne prAcIna bhAratAcyA itihAsAcI punarracanA alekjhAMDarane bhAratAvara kelelyA svArIpAsUna adhika tarkaniSThatene karatA yete. bhAratIya vidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI magadha pradezAcI prAcInatA, RgvedApAsUna dAkhaviNyAce prayAsa kelele Aheta. RgvedakALAta hA pradeza kIkaTa' yA nAvAne oLakhalA jAta hotA. varNavyavasthelA ANi yajJasaMsthelA mahattva na deNAr2yA ANi tapasyene AdhyAtmika unnatI karU pAhaNAr2yA, kAhI viziSTa brAhmaNa ANi kSatriyAMcA saMdarbha kIkaTa Urpha magadha pradezAzIca nigaDita Ahe. jaina, bauddha ANi hiMdU purANakArAMnI tethIla zizunAga, naMda ANi mauryavaMzAce kelele varNanahI pramANita mAnaNyAta yete. hyuena tsaMgace pravAsa-vRttAMta : 'hyuena tsaMga' (yuAna cvAMga) yA cinI pravAzAne isavI sanAcyA 629 cyA sumArAsa, bauddhadharmAcyA abhyAsAsAThI bhAratAlA bheTa dilI. tyAcyA pravAsavarNanAta tyAne maurya sAmrAjyAce citraNa kele. vizeSata: caMdragupta maurya yA samrATAcA tyAne ullekha kelelA disato. vizeSa goSTa azI kI, tyAne samrATa caMdraguptAcyA kuzAgra buddhimattecyA amAtyAcA arthAt cANakya Urpha kauTilyAcA, mAtra ullekha kelelA nAhI. hyuena tsaMgacyA pravAsa varNanAcA jevhA anuvAda karaNyAta AlA, tevhA bhAratIya itihAsakArAMnI to atizaya kALajIpUrvaka vAcalA ANi pacavalA. tyAAdhAre tyAMnA cANakyAcI aitihAsikatA siddha karatA na AlyAmuLe asA pravAda pracalita jhAlA kI, jaNU kAhI cANakya Urpha

Page #24
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI kauTilya nAvAcI koNI vyaktI astitvAtaca navhatI. cANakyAcyA daMtakathA maukhika paraMparene cAlata AlelyA hotyA. kathAsaritsAgara va kAhI purANe yAtahI kAhI daMtakathA likhita svarUpAta astitvAta hotyA tarI cANakyAcyA khar2yAkhur2yA astitvAviSayI itihAsakArAMnA saMdehaca hotA. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA hastalikhitAcA zodha : isavI sana 1909 sAlI zyAmazAstrIMnA trAvaNakora' yethe kauTilIya arthazAstrAce 'tamiLa lipItIla hastalikhita' sApaDale. yA graMthAce te pahileca hastalikhita hote. zyAmazAstrIMnI te tyAca varSI prakAzita kele. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA hastalikhitAcA lAgalelA zodha hA, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsAcyA dRSTIne hyuena tsaMgacyA pravAsavarNanApekSAhI kitItarI adhika mahattvAcA TharalA. zyAmazAstrIMcI AvRttI prasiddha jhAlyAbarobara sAr2yA jagAce lakSa tyAkaDe vedhale gele. 'kauTilyana sTaDIj' nAvAcI eka svataMtra vidyAzAkhAca astitvAta AlI. zyAmazAstrI, TI. gaNapatizAstrI, DaoN. yaoNlI meyara, DaoN. vinTaraniTjha, phAdara jhimaramana, bI.Ar.hivaragAvakara, DaoN.Ar.pI.kaMgale, DaoN.DI.Ar.bhAMDArakara - he prAmukhyAne yA navyAne udayAlA AlelyA vidyAzAkhece agradUta banale. yaoNlI ANi vinTaraniTjha yAMnI asA dAvA kelA kI, kauTilIya arthazAstra he samrATa caMdraguptAcA amAtya asalelyA kauTilyAne lihileleca nAhI. tyAMcyA mate kauTilya hI eka kAlpanika vyaktirekhA asUna, to kAhI kharAkhurA rAjanItijJa navhatA. isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA zatakAta koNItarI paraMparene cAlata asalelyA rAjanaitika vicArAMcA saMgraha kelA ANi 'kauTilya' yA TopaNanAvAne to lihUna kADhalA. tarIhI DaoN. yaoNlI ase mAnya karatAta kI kauTilya nAvAcyA vilakSaNa buddhimattecyA amAtyAviSayIcyA, kAhI adbhuta hakigatI mAtra daMtakathAMcyA rUpAne toMDI prasiddha hotyA.

Page #25
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI varIla niSkarSa yaoNlI prabhRtIMnI jyAcyA AdhAre kADhalA, te hote megaeNsthenisa nAvAcyA grIka pravAzyAce vRttAMta ! hA grIka pravAsI pATaliputrAtIla samrATa caMdraguptAcyA darabArAta, dUta mhaNUna rAhilelA hotA. tyAnehI ApalyA pravAsavRttAMtAta kauTilya athavA cANakyAcA ullekha na kelyAmuLe, uparokta abhyAsakAMnI kauTilyAlA kAlpanika vyaktI mAnale. kaMgale, hivaragAvakara ANi bhAMDArakara yAMcyAsArakhyA abhyAsakAMnI varIla matAcI, khUpa cikitsA ANi samIkSA kelI. to saMpUrNa vAda, carcA, purAve vistArAne deNyAce he ThikANa navhe. sArAMzarUpAne ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, aMtimata: bhAratIya abhyAsaka he siddha karaNyAta yazasvI Tharale kI, Aja upalabdha asalelyA 'kauTilIya arthazAstra' yA graMthAcA mukhya gAbhA, isavIsanapUrva cauthyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA 'kauTilya' Urpha 'cANakya' Urpha 'viSNugupta' yAneca lihilelA Ahe. megaeNsthenisacyA pravAsavRttAMtAta kauTilya ANi tyAce arthazAstra yAMcA ullekha nasaNyAcI aneka kAraNe detA yetAta. mukhya mhaNaje tyAce pravAsavRttAMta salaga svarUpAta upalabdha nAhIta. truTita svarUpAta upalabdha asalelyA yA vRttAMtAtIla aneka bhAga aspaSTa, prakSipta, saMkSipta ANi vikhuralelyA svarUpAta upalabdha Aheta. azA lalitalekhanAlA, aitihAsika lekhana mAnatA yeta nAhI. zivAya anekadA te apur2yA mAhitIvara AdhAralele Ahe. DaoN. zvAnabeka yAMnI lihilelyA 'megaeNsthenikA iMDikA' yA graMthAta te mhaNatAta kI, "he vRttAMta kAhI pramANAta pratyakSa varNanAvara AdhArita asale tarI, anekadA tyAmadhye duyyama, aikIva srotAMcAhI vApara kelelA disato. mhaNUna te Aheta tyA svarUpAta jasecyA tase svIkAraNe yogya Tharata nAhI." (kauTilIya arthazAstra, hivaragAvakara, prastAvanA, pR. 23-24) haraprasAda zAstrIMcI parakhaDa samIkSA : 16

Page #26
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI he, jAgatika kIrtIce bhAratIya-vidyA-tajjJa hoUna gele. isavI sana 1923 madhye tyAMnI eka atyukRSTa pustaka lihile, tyAce nAva 'magadhan liTarecara'. tyA kALAta kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA abhyAsAlA jaNU kAhI bahara AlelA hotA. haraprasAda zAstrIMnI eka vegaLAca muddA vicArArtha ghetalA. tyAMnI hyuena tsaMgacyA pravAsavarNanAtUna disaNArA bhArata ANi kauTilIya arthazAstrAta pratibiMbita jhAlelA bhArata yAMcI atizaya arthapUrNa tulanA prastuta kelI. tyAcA bhAvArtha puDhIla zabdAta detA yeIla - "hyuena tsaMga hA isavI sana 629 madhye bhAratAta AlA ANi puDhIla 16 varSe yethe rAhilA. kauTilya hA bhAratAta janmalA, vADhalA, zikalA ANi vyutpanna jhAlA. taseca kauTilya hA hyuena tsaMga pUrvI javaLa-javaLa hajAra varSe AdhI hoUna gelA. hyuena tsaMga kevaLa eka pravAsI' hotA. phAra tara bauddha tIrthakSetrAMnA bheTI deNArA 'yAtrekarU' hotA. kauTilya mAtra cauphera paripakva buddhIcA ANi ekA moThyA sAmrAjyAcA 'mahAmAtya' hotA. hyuena tsaMgacA mukhya rasa 'bauddhadharmagraMthAMcyA abhyAsAta' hotA. zivAya sAtavyA zatakAtalA bauddhadharma, ekA vegaLyAca saMkramaNAvastheta hotA. kauTilya mAtra je je mhaNUna 'bhAratIya' Ahe, tyA sarva dharma, saMpradAya, saMskRti, bhASA va lokajIvanAzI saMbaMdhita hotA. hyuena tsaMga hA dhArmika paThaDItIla pravAsI hotA ANi tyAne samakAlIna samAjAkaDe, mukhyataH 'dhArmika' dRSTikoNAtUnaca baghitale. kauTilya hA ekA moThyA sAmrAjyAcA utkRSTa prazAsaka ANi sarvavyApaka dRSTI asalelA ghaTanAkAra' hotA. parakIya AkramaNAMnA thAMbaviNArA ANi bhAratIyatvAcI prakhara jANIva asalelA kauTilya hA eka 'dezabhakta' hotA. thoDakyAta kAya tara hyuena tsaMgace pravAsavRttAMta 'AMzika' ANi bar2yAcadA 'pUrvagrahadUSita' Aheta tara kauTilya hA bar2yAca pramANAta 'udAramatavAdI' ANi 'vyApaka'

Page #27
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI dRSTikoNAcA Ahe." (magadhan liTarecara, lekcara 3, pR.49) arthazAstrAce kartRtva : ___ kauTilIya arthazAstra, kauTilyAneca lihile Ahe, he upalabdha arthazAstrAvarUna nizcita karatA yete. arthazAstrAcyA AraMbhI, madhe va zevaTI namUda kele Ahe kI, hA zAstragraMtha kauTilya' Urpha 'viSNuguptAne' racalA Ahe. arthazAstrAta ni:saMdigdhapaNe namUda kelelyA yA ullekhAMvara avizvAsa dAkhaviNyAce koNatehI tarkasaMgata kAraNa disata nAhI. arthazAstrAcyA pahilyA adhikaraNAcyA pahilyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe kI - sukhagrahaNavijJeyaM tattvArthapadanizcitam / kauTilyena kRtaM zAstraM vimuktagranthavistaram / / bhAvArtha asA kI, "kauTilyAne hA zAstragraMtha lihilA Ahe. tyAtIla vaiziSTyapUrNa pAribhASika padAvalIMcI arthanizcitI kelelI Ahe. tyAmuLe yA graMthAcA artha sahajapaNe jANatA yeto. taseca graMthAta anAvazyaka vistAra prayatnapUrvaka TALalA Ahe.'' __ arthazAstrAcyA dusar2yA adhikaraNAcyA dahAvyA adhyAyAcyA akherIsa mhaTale Ahe kI - sarvazAstrANyanukramya prayogamupalabhya ca / kauTilyena narendrArthe zAsanasya vidhiH kRtaH // bhAvArtha asA kI, "pUrvasUrIMkaDUna prApta azA sarva zAstrAMcA ADhAvA gheUna ANi tyAMcA pratyakSAtIla upayoga baghUna kauTilyAne narendrAsAThI (rAjAsAThI) zAsanapaddhatIcA viziSTa vidhI ghAlUna dilA." anekAMnI asA AkSepa upasthita kelA Ahe kI, yethe candraguptArthe' asA zabda na ghAlatA narendrArthe' asA zabda ghAtalyAne, 'kauTilya hA caMdraguptAcA amAtya hotA kI 18

Page #28
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI nAhI ?' azI zaMkA utpanna hote. paraMtu hA kAhI moThA AkSepa mAnatA yeta nAhI kAraNa graMthAce ekaMdara svarUpa pAhatA, to sarvaca rAjAMnA upayukta asalyAne, 'narendrArthe' hA zabdaprayogahI arthapUrNa Tharato. prastuta zaMkA dUra karaNyAsAThI daMDI kavIcyA dazakumAracaritAcyA (i.sa. 8 ve zataka) AThavyA prakaraNAtIla puDhIla ullekha atizaya arthapUrNa Tharato - adhISva tAvat daNDanItim / iyamidAnIm AcAryaviSNuguptena mauryArthe SaDbhiH zlokasahanaiH saMkSiptA / "daMDanItIce adhyayana karAve. he daMDanItizAstra AcArya viSNuguptAne mauryAsAThI 6000 zlokapramANa graMthAta saMkSepAne saMgRhIta kele Ahe." daMDIcyA yA ullekhAvarUna spaSTa disate kI viSNuguptAne arthAt kauTilyAne hA graMtha mauryAsAThI arthAt caMdragupta ANi tyAcyA vaMzajAMsAThI lihilA. arthazAstrAcyA paMdharAvyA adhikaraNAcyA akherIsa mhaNaje graMthAcI samAptI karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI - dRSTvA vipratipattiM bahudhA zAstreSu bhASyakArANAm / svayameva viSNuguptazcakAra sUtraM ca bhASyaM ca / / "vegavegaLyA zAstrAMvara, vegavegaLe bhASyakAra jevhA bhASya karatAta, tevhA tyAta anekaveLA matabhinnatA disUna yete. he TALaNyAsAThI viSNuguptAne svata:ca sUtrehI lihilI Aheta va tyAvarIla bhASyahI lihile Ahe.'' varIla sarva saMdarbha baghatA he nakkI hote kI kauTilya ANi viSNugupta yA donhI vyaktI ekaca Aheta. AtA hA prazna upasthita hoto kI, 'isavIsanapUrva cauthyA zatakAta

Page #29
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI hoUna gelelyA caMdragupta mauryAcA hA mahAmAtya hotA kI nAhI ?' arthazAstrAcyA dusar2yA adhikaraNAcyA dahAvyA adhyAyAcyA sahAyyAne hI zaMkA sahajapaNe dUra karatA yete. mhaTale Ahe kI yena zastraM ca zAstraM ca nandarAjagatA ca bhUH / amarSeNoddhRtAnyAzu tena zAstramidaM kRtam / / bhAvArtha asA kI, "krodhAcyA AvezAta jyAne zastra ANi zAstrAcyA sahAyyAne, naMdarAjAcI rAjavaTa tvarene ulathUna TAkalI, tyAneca he arthazAstra racale Ahe." kAmandakIya nItisArAtIla cANakyaviSayaka ullekha : kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA paraMpareta naMtaracyA kALAta aneka graMtha nirmANa jhAle. tyApaikI pahilA ANi sarvAta mahattvAcA graMtha mhaNaje 'kAmandakIya nItisAra'. eka paraMparA ase sAMgate kI kAmandaka hA svataH cANakyAcA ziSya hotA ANi tyAne kauTilIya arthazAstrAce saMkSipta saMskaraNa padyarUpAta lihile. abhyAsakAMmadhye kAmandakAcyA kALAviSayI matabheda asale tarI ApalyAlA he mAnyaca karAve lAgate kI, rAjanItizAstrAtIla hI eka adhikArI vyaktI hoUna gelI. tyAne cANakyAviSayIcI saMkSipta mAhitI, graMthAraMbhIca namUda karUna ThevalI Ahe. tyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "viSNuguptAne abhicAra (maMtrataMtra)rUpI vajrAne, naMda nAvAcA parvata AghAtapUrvaka toDUna TAkalA. kArtikeyApramANe tyAne ekaTyAneca maMtrazaktIne he kArya karUna caMdraguptAlA pRthvIce rAjya miLavUna dile. arthazAstraviSayaka graMthAMcyA mahAsAgarAtUna tyAne, kauTilIya arthazAstrarUpI amRta bAhera kADhale. tyA buddhimAna viSNuguptAlA vaMdana aso." (kAmandakIya nItisAra 1.4 te 1.7) 20

Page #30
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI viSNuguptAlA kelelyA yA vaMdanAtUna eka goSTa spaSTa hote kI, 'cANakyAkaDe asalelI maMtrataMtravidyA', yethe vizeSa adhorekhita kelI Ahe. kathAsaritsAgarAtahI yA abhicAravidyecA vizeSa ullekha yeto. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA puDhIla saMskaraNAMmadhye vizeSa ullekhanIya ANi abhyAsakAMnI dakhala ghetalele saMskaraNa mhaNaje somadevasUrIMce 'nItivAkyAmRta' hoya. 'yazastilakacampU' he somadevasUrIMce campUkAvya saMskRta sAhityAtahI ApalyA guNavattene uThUna disate. isavI sanAcyA dahAvyA zatakAta hoUna gelele somadeva, eka digaMbara jaina sAdhU hote. nItivAkyAmRtAtUna ANi tyAcyA TIketUna miLaNAr2yA arthazAstraviSayaka ANi cANakyaviSayaka mAhitIce saMkalana, yAca pustakAta, 'digaMbarIya graMthAta pratibiMbita cANakya' yA prakaraNAta, svataMtrapaNe kelele Ahe. brAhmaNa paraMpareta arthazAstrAcI ghaTatI lokapriyatA : brAhmaNa paraMparetIla vividha sAhityAcA ANi vizeSakarUna dharmazAstraviSayaka graMthAMcA ADhAvA ghetalA tara ase disate kI, kauTilyAce arthazAstra ANi kauTilyAcI nIti yAMcI lokapriyatA kramAkramAne ghaTata gelI. tyAcyA pramukha kAraNAMcA yethe UhApoha kelelA Ahe. arthazAstrAcI lokapriyatA ghaTata-ghaTata itakyA TokAlA pohocalI kI, aMtimataH bhAratIya rAjanaitika vicArAMcA ANi samakAlIna samAjAcyA sAMskRtika itihAsAcA hA amUlya khajinA kityeka zatake aMdhArAta paDUna rAhilA. isavI sana 1909 madhye sApaDalelyA hastalikhitAnaMtaraca to punhA prakAzAta AlA. tyAnaMtara mAtra prAcIna bhAratIyAMcyA vicAravaibhavAviSayI zaMkA gheNArI aneka mate yA graMthAne jamInadosta kelI. 21

Page #31
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI pataJjalIne 'vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyAta' namUda kele Ahe kI, maurya rAje saMpattIlA lAlacAvalele hote ANi tyAMnI aneka bhalyAbur2yA mArgAMnI rAjAcA khajinA bharalA. bhAsAcyA ekAMkikAMmadhye kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla, aneka pAribhASika padAvalI, saMkalpanA ANi mithake yAMcA pracura pramANAta vApara kelelA disato. pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa' va avimAraka' yA nATakAtahI bhAsAne, kauTilyAne vAparalelyA aneka yuktyAMce nATakIya ghaTanAMmadhye upayojana kelele disate. bhAsAcyA paJcarAtra' ANi abhiSeka' yA nATakAmadhIla, arthazAstrIya padAvalIMcA zodha saMskRta nATakAMcyA abhyAsakAMnI ghetalelA Ahe. bhAsAne kauTilya athavA viSNuguptAcA sAkSAt gaurava kelelA nasalA, tarI kauTilIya arthazAstrAviSayIcA tyAcA abhyAsa ANi AsthA yAtUna disUna yete. kAlidAsAne kauTilIya arthazAstrAce adhyayana kele asAve, asA aMdAja tyAcyA sAhityAtUna, vizeSataH raghuvaMza' yA mahAkAvyAtUna va zAkuntala' yA nATakAtUna disato. kAlidAsAcI zakuntalA, duSyantAlA uparodhikapaNe mhaNate kI - parAtisandhAnamadhIyate yaiH vidyeva te santu kilAptavAcaH / bhara darabArAta duSyantAne zakuntalelA jhiDakAralyAvara tI udgArate, "dusar2yAMnA phasaviNyAcI kalA jyAMnA vidyA mhaNUna zikavilI jAte, tyAMcyA vizvasanIyateviSayI kAya bolAve ?" yA udgArAvarUna spaSTa disate kI, kAlidAsAcyA kALAta, arthazAstrAtIla kuTilatA va dhUrtateviSayI ekaMdara anAdarAcA dRSTikoNa tayAra jhAlA asAvA. ___ bANabhaTTAcyA kAdaMbarItahI kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla kuTilanItIcA dhikkAraca kelelA disato. kAdaMbarIta ase udgAra yetAta kI, "tyA rAjAviSayI kAya bolAve, jyAce maMtrIca rAjAlA dusar2yAMnA phasaviNyAsAThI udyukta karatAta." bANabhaTTAne kathecyA

Page #32
oghAta viziSTa amAtyAlA cANakyAsArakhe 'nRzaMsa, krUra ANi nirghRNa' ase saMbodhale Ahe. I aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI mahAkavI daNDI ANi paJcatantrakArAne, kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA kelelA ullekha itakA moghama ANi sAmAnya Ahe kI, tyAtUna arthazAstrAviSayIcA AdaraNIya athavA anAdaraNIya koNatAca bhAva phArasA vyakta hota nAhI. paJcatantrAta, AraMbhIca dharma-arthakAma yA tIna puruSArthAMvara AdhArita, koNakoNatyA zAstrIya graMthAMcI nirmitI jhAlI, tyAcA moghama ullekha karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI tato dharmazAstrANi manvAdIni, arthazAstrANi cANakyAdIni, kAmazAstrANi vAtsyAyanAdIni paJcatantrakArAcA hA ullekha khAsa mahattvAcA Ahe kAraNa arthazAstrAce kartRtva tyAne 'cANakyAlA' dile Ahe. itara sarva brAhmaNa ANi jaina graMthakArAMcyA saMdarbhAMmadhye, arthazAstra he 'kauTilyakRta' asalyAceca ullekha sApaDatAta. kauTilIya arthazAstrAce sarvAta adhika javaLace nAte jara koNAzI asela tara te vizAkhadattAcyA 'mudrArAkSasa' yA nATakAzI Ahe. vizAkhadattAcyA arthazAstraviSayaka sakhola abhyAsAcI pracitI yA nATakAta vAraMvAra yete. cANakya, caMdragupta ANi amAtya rAkSasa yA vaiziSTyapUrNa vyaktirekhAMvara AdhArita, he zuddha rAjanaitika nATaka zRMgArarasapradhAna azA saMskRta nATakAMcyA paraMpareta, ApalyA vegaLepaNAne nizcitaca uThUna disate. yA pradIrgha nATakAtIla sarva ghaTanA mukhyatvekarUna cANakyAbhovatIca guMphalelyA Aheta. vizAkhadattAne 'cANakya' yA nAvAlAca prAdhAnya dile Ahe. ekA vegaLyA viSayAvarIla nATaka mhaNUna mudrArAkSasAcI mahattA kitIhI moThI asalI tarI, nATakAtUna ekaMdarItapaNe 23

Page #33
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI umaTaNArA ThasA, cANakyAviSayIcA pUrNa Adara vyakta karaNArA Ahe, ase nikhAlasapaNe mhaNatA yeta nAhI. mudrArAkSasAtale 'kauTilyaH kuTilamati:' he udgAra itake vilakSaNa lokapriya jhAle kI, tyAnaMtara kauTilya hA zabda kuTilatAvAcakaca banalA. cANakyAcI nATakAtalI ekaMdara dehabolI, caMdraguptAlA uddezUna tyAne vAraMvAra 'vRSala' yA kAhIzA apamAnAspada saMbodhanAcA kelelA upayoga ANi tisar2yA aMkAta caMdraguptAzI kelelA kRtaka-kalaha - he sarva ase sUcita karatAta kI, mudrArAkSasAtUna cANakyAce buddhimAna, garviSTha ANi kuTila aseca citraNa manAta Thasate. sArAMza kAya tara, cANakyAcyA utaratyA lokapriyatecyA TappyAtIla hA eka mailAcA dagaDa mAnatA yeto. arthazAstrAcyA lokapriyatevarIla sarvAta moThA AghAta mhaNaje smRtizAstrAMcA jhAlelA udaya hA hoya. 'manusmRti' ANi 'yAjJavalkyasmRti' yA graMthAMnI dharmapuruSArthAlA vilakSaNa mahattva dile. sarva varNAzramAMsAThI kartavyAMcI AcArAvalI tayAra kelI. arthazAstrAtIla aneka vicAra smRtIMmadhye parivartita kele. dharmazAstrAcI sAcebaddha caukaTa tayAra karUna, artha-kAma yA puruSArthAMnA duyyama lekhale. varNAzramavyavasthA svIkArUnahI cANakyAcA, tulanene udAra ANi sAmAjika nyAya deNArA vyavahAra bahudhA smRtikArAMnA rucalA nAhI. cANakya mhaNato, vyavahArAnulomo dharma:' tara smRtigraMtha mhaNatAta, 'dharmAnulomo vyavahAraH' mhaNaje dhArmika ANi AcArAtmaka niyamAMcI eka sAcebaddha caukaTa tayAra karUna smRtikArAMnI tI samAjamanAvara biMbavilI. arthazAstrAtIla naitika mUlyAMnA cheda deUna, hI dhArmika mUlye adhikAdhika pracalita jhAlI. arthazAstrAtIla rAjadharmAsaMbaMdhIce vivecana kamI karIta-karIta smRtikArAMnI AcAra, vyavahAra ANi prAyazcitta yAMvara sarvAdhika bhara dilA. pariNAmI haLUhaLU aupacArika zikSaNAcyA abhyAsakramAtUna kauTilIya 24

Page #34
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI arthazAstra mAge Dhakalale jAUna, smRtikArAMcA prabhAva vilakSaNa vADhalA. yAjJavalkyAne kitItarI saMkalpanA va padAvalI kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAtUna gheUnahI, tyAce zreya kauTilyAlA dile nAhI. lokapriyatebAbata mAtra tyAne arthazAstrAvara mAta kelI. 'kathAsaritsAgara' ANi 'bRhatkathAmaJjarI' yA graMthAMmadhye ase dAkhavale Ahe kI, cANakya hA vedavidyApAraMgata brAhmaNa asalA tarI, maMtrataMtrAdi adbhuta vidyAMmadhye arthAt abhicArazAstrAta to pravINa hotA. caMdraguptAcyA sahAyyAne parAkramAne magadha sAmrAjya jiMkaNe ANi jAraNa-mAraNAne naMdAlA ThAra mAraNe, yA dona goSTI vastuta: atizaya bhinna Aheta. uparokta dona graMthAMtIla ullekhAMmuLe cANakyAcI abhicArakriyAca' adhikAdhika adhorekhita jhAlI. khudda arthazAstrAtahI gUDhapuruSa-praNidhi, yoga-vAmana, upa-jApa, apasarpapraNidhi, durga-lambhopAya va para-ghAta-prayoga i. aneka viSayAMnA zevaTacyA kAhI adhyAyAta sthAna dilele disate. kadAcit he sarva prakaraNa prakSipta asela kiMvA cANakyAcA kadAcit yA sarvAMvara vizvAsahI asela. paraMtu kathAsaritsAgarAcyA lokapriyatenaMtara samAjamanAvara ekaMdarIta asA kAhI pariNAma jhAlA kI arthazAstrAtIla ekAhUna eka sarasa ANi naitika saMkalpanA jhAkoLalyA jAUna cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAcA asA nakArAtmaka ThasA umaTata rAhilA. pariNAmI kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAcyA adhyayanAcI paraMparA lopa pAvata gelI. jaina sAhityAta zatakAnuzatake japalelyA AkhyAyikAMcyA ANi cANakyAviSayIcyA prAya: vyakta kelelyA Adarayukta dRSTikoNAcyA pArzvabhUmIvara, jara ApaNa cANakyAcyA, brAhmaNa paraMparetIla ghaTatyA lokapriyatece mUlyAkaMna kele, tara kAhI vegaLIca tathye najaresamora yeU lAgatAta. magadhAmadhye lihilyA gelelyA zAstrIya sAhityAta, kauTilIya arthazAstra hA eka

Page #35
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI mahattvAcA zAstrIya graMtha Ahe. magadhAcA zramaNa paraMparezI asalelA saMbaMdha, he eka siddha jhAlele aitihAsika tathya Ahe. naMdavaMzAtale rAje jaina dharmAnukUla hote. zevaTacyA naMdAcA maMtrI (amAtya) zakaTAla hA, utkRSTa jaina zrAvaka hotA. tyAce putra sthUlabhadra yAMnI jainadIkSA dhAraNa kelI ANi te zramaNa saMghAce mukhya banale. cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAtahI jainAMnI zrAvakatvAce raMga bharaNyAcA prayatna kelA asalA tarI, tyAce zrotriya brAhmaNatva' koThehI lapata nAhI. caMdragupta maurya hA dekhIla jainAMnA anukUla asalelA disato kAraNa ardhamAgadhI AgamAMcI pahilI vAcanA, tyAcyA madatIabhAvI pATaliputrAta caMdraguptAcyA kAryakALAta hoU zakalI nasatI. brAhmaNa paraMpareta caMdraguptAlA murA dAsIcA putra arthAt 'zUdra' mhaTale Ahe. mudrArAkSasa nATakAta cANakya hA caMdraguptAlA 'vRSala' yA nAvAne saMbodhato. mudrArAkSasAce TIkAkAra spaSTa sAMgatAta kI, he saMbodhana nIcagotravAcaka Ahe. caMdraguptAcA putra 'biMdusAra' prAya: jainAMnA anukUla asAvA. biMdusArAcA prapautra 'saMprati' hA jainadharmI hotA ase itihAsakArahI mAnya karatAta. biMdusArAcA mulagA samrATa azoka' hA bauddhadharmI hotA. sArAMza kAya tara magadhAcyA rAjavaMzAtIla javaLajavaLa sarvaca rAje zramaNa paraMparezI saMbaMdhita hote. vedavidyApAraMgata cANakyAne abrAhmaNa ANi akSatriya azA jainadharmAnukUla caMdragupta mauryAlA, magadhAcA samrATa banaviNyAta itakI mahattvAcI bhUmikA bajAvAvI ANi artha-kAma yA dona puruSArthAMnA khUpa mahattva deUna bar2yAca aMzI dharmanirapekSa vATAvA asA arthazAstrAsArakhA graMtha lihAvA - hI goSTa brAhmaNa paraMparetIla dharmazAstrakArAMnA ajibAta rucalI nasAvI. dharmazAstrakArAMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAkaDe durlakSa karaNyAce, he dekhIla eka mahattvAce kAraNa asU zakate.

Page #36
aitihAsika pRSThabhUmI

Page #37

Page #38
prakaraNa 2 brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya

Page #39
30

Page #40
prakaraNa 2 brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya cANakya, kauTilya Urpha viSNugupta yAcyA vyaktimatvAcA jevhA ApaNa zodha gheU lAgato tevhA ApalyAlA brAhmaNa paraMparetIla sAhityAcA prathama vicAra karAvA lAgato. kAraNa 'cANakya' hA zabda uccAralyAbarobara prathamadarzanI DoLyAta bharate, te tyAce 'brAhmaNatva'. zatakAnuzatake bhAratIya manAvara cANakyAce eka viziSTa citra koralele Ahe. cANakyAcI tI suprasiddha zikhA' (zeMDI), tyAcI vedavidyetIla pAraMgatatA, tyAcI vilakSaNa buddhimattA, ahaMkArAcI chaTA asalelA tyAcA svAbhimAna, tyAcI dhUrtatA ANi sUDabuddhI - he sarva guNavizeSa brAhmaNa paraMparene vizeSa adhorekhita kelyAmuLe arthAtaca tyA sAhityAta pratibiMbita jhAlelA cANakya yethe prathamataH zabdAMkita kelA Ahe. vastuta: cANakyAce prAcIna ullekha jainAMmadhye i.sa.pUrva dusar2yA zatakApAsUna surU

Page #41
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya hotAta. tarIhI bhAratIya vicAravaMtAMcI eka paThaDIca azI paDUna gelI Ahe kI, koNatyAhI mahattvAcyA mudyAvara AdhI brAhmaNa athavA hiMdU paraMparA noMdavAyacI, naMtara bauddhAMcA zodha ghyAyacA va zevaTI zakya jhAlyAsa jaina ullekhAMcI chAnanI karAyacI. tyA paThaDIlA anusarUnaca yethe AdhI brAhmaNa paraMparetIla ullekha noMdavile Aheta. anyathA jaina paraMparene prAcIna kALApAsUna kasozIne japalelA cANakya, yA pustakAcyA vAcanAnaMtara vAcakAMcyA samora yeIlaca. 1) mahAbhArata (Adiparva) : AdiparvAcyA pariziSTAta, nItinipuNa vidurAcyA toMDI, kauTilyAcA nirdeza puDhIlapramANe kelA Ahe - viduro dhRtarASTrasya jAnansarvaM manogatam / kenAyaM vidhinA sRSTaH kauTilya: kapaTAlayaH / / mahAbhArata (Adiparva), pariziSTa 85.10.2 yA zlokAta kauTilyAcA ullekha 'kapaTAce Alaya (nivAsasthAna)' asA kelA Ahe. mAgacA puDhacA saMdarbha pAhatA, 'cANakyAcI kAhI tarI hakigata yethe ADhaLela'azA apekSene pAhile tara padarI nirAzAca yete. bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA saMsthene tayAra kelelyA mahAbhAratAcyA cikitsaka AvRttIta, mULa saMhitetUna hA bhAga vagaLalA Ahe. kAlaviparyAsa disata asalyAmuLe arthAtaca hA ullekha prakSipta mhaNUna gALalA asAvA. kAraNa isavIsanapUrva cauthyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA cANakyAcA ullekha, mahAbhAratAtIla vidurAcyA toMDI ghAlaNe, he kAladRSTyA atizaya viparIta Tharela. brAhmaNa paraMpareta cANakyAviSayI niMdAtmaka sUra ALavalA jAU lAgalyAnaMtara mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA sAtavyA-AThavyA zatakAnaMtara, mahAbhAratAta hA zloka ghusaDalA asAvA. mahAbhAratAcyA 32

Page #42
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya 'zAMtiparvAtIla' 59 vyA adhyAyAta cAra arthazAstrakArAMcI nAve yetAta. tI azIvizAlAkSa, bAhudantI, bRhaspati ANi uzanas (zukra). hI cArahI nAve kauTilIya arthazAstrAta pUrvasUrIMcI nAve mhaNUna noMdavilI Aheta. he pAhUna prastuta zlokAcA prakSepa karaNAr2yAne tyAcyAca joDIlA, kauTilyAcehI nAva ghusaDale asAve. sArAMza kAya tara, vidurAcyA mukhAtUna kauTilyAcA kelelA ullekha, pramANita mAnatA yeta nAhI. nAhA. 2) skandapurANa ANi matsyapurANAtIla rAjarSi cANakya : 'skandapurANAcyA' revAkhaMDAcyA 155 vyA adhyAyAta zuklatIrtha nAvAcyA tIrthakSetrAcA mahimA sAMgaNyAsAThI, eka choTAsA kathAbhAga dilA Ahe. tethe mhaTale Ahe kI- 'ikSvAkusaMbhavo rAjA cANakyo nAma dhArmika:' arthAt phAra prAcIna kALI ikSvAkuvaMzAta cANakya nAvAcA dhArmika rAjA hoUna gelA. kathAbhAgAcyA akherIsa mhaTale Ahe kI, AyuSyAcyA zevaTI to zuklatIrthAsa gelA. tyAne atizaya udArapaNe godAna ANi suvarNadAna kele. tyAne tyAca ThikANI siddhI prApta kelI. 'matsyapurANAcyA' 192.14 madhye hAca Azaya puDhIlapramANe vyakta kelA Ahe zuklatIrthaM mahApuNyaM narmadAyAM vyavasthitam / cANakyo nAma rAjarSiH siddhiM tatra samAgataH / / yA ullekhAvarUna koNAhI subuddha mANasAlA sahaja kaLUna cukela kI, cANakya he nAmasAmya asale tarI ikSvAkuvaMzAta janmalelyA yA RSitulya rAjAcA, caMdragupta mauryAcA amAtya asalelyA brAhmaNa cANakyAzI kADImAtra saMbaMdha nAhI. tathApi hariSeNa yA 33

Page #43
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya prakhyAta digaMbara jaina AcAryAMnI 'bRhatkathAkoSa' yA ApalyA suprasiddha graMthAta 'cANakyamunikathAnakam' yA katheta skanda ANi matsyapurANAtIla varIla ullekha grAhya mAnUna mhaTale Ahe kI, 'cakAra vipulaM rAjyaM cANAkyo nijabuddhitaH' (bRhatkathAkoSa, cANakyamunikathAnakam, zloka 71) hariSeNAcyA cANakyakathevarIla aneka nirIkSaNe prastuta graMthAta puDhe dilI asalyAmuLe yethe tyAvara TippaNI karaNe TALale Ahe. purANAta yeNAr2yA cANakya rAjarSImuLe puDhehI anekAMcyA manAta asAca saMbhrama nirmANa jhAlelA disato. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozIMnIhI bhAratIya saMskRtikozAta, cANakyAcyA mRtyUce varNana karatAnA, purANAtIla hA prasaMga grAhya mAnalA Ahe. gairasamajutImuLe navanavIna kAlpanika kathAMcI nirmitI hote, tI azIca ! 3) viSNu, vAyu ANi matsyapurANAta cANakyAcA troTaka ullekha : cANakyAvara saMzodhana karaNAr2yA prAya: pratyeka abhyAsakAne purANAMcA ANi vizeSata: uparokta tIna purANAMcA ullekha kelelA disato. paraMtu ApaNa pratyakSa zodha ghetalA asatA, ApalyA padarI pUrNa nirAzAca yete. 'viSNupurANAne' magadhAcyA itihAsAcA prAraMbha zizunAgavaMzAcyA varNanAne kelA Ahe. barIca vaMzAvaLa sAMgUna jhAlyAvara naMtara tyAne naMdI, mahAnaMdI ANi mahApadmanaMdI yA rAjAMce ullekha kele Aheta. tyAMcyA mate mahApadma hA, kSatriya rAjAlA zUdrepAsUna jhAlelA putra hotA. mahApadma ANi tyAcyA putrAMnI 100 varSe rAjya kele. AtA yethe kauTilya brAhmaNAcA praveza hoto. ase mhaTale Ahe kI tyAne naU naMdAMcA nAza kelA ANi caMdragupta mauryAlA rAjyAvara basavile. tyAnaMtara mauryavaMzAtIla rAjAMnI 173 varSe rAjya kele. vizeSa goSTa azI kI hA sarva itihAsa bhaviSyakALAta noMdavilA Ahe ANi hI sarva vaMzAvaLa 'vAyupurANAta' va 'matsyapurANAtahI' tazIcyA 34

Page #44
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya tazI anuvRtta kelI Ahe. (viSNupurANa aMza 4, adhyAya 24, zloka 20 te 32; vAyupurANa khaMDa 2, prakaraNa 61, zloka 188 te 192; matsyapurANa 272.21). sArAMza kAya tara vara varNana kelelyA ekA vAkyAzivAya cANakyAcyA vyaktitvAviSayI ANi kartRtvAviSayIcyA, koNatyAhI AkhyAyikA purANAta ADhaLUna yeta nAhIta. 4) kathAsaritsAgarAtIla cANakya-vRttAMta : purANAMpekSA cANakyAviSayI barIca jAsta mAhitI ApalyAlA kathAsaritsAgarAtUna miLate. jyAlA aneka upakathAnakAMce saritArUpI pravAha yeUna miLAlele Aheta, asA hA kathArUpI sAgara asalelA graMtha somadevAne isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta saMskRtamadhye lihilelA Ahe. jarI to graMtha brAhmaNa paraMparetIla mAnalA gelA asalA tarI to khar2yA arthAne dharmanirapekSa Ahe. somadevAcA hA graMtha, svataMtra graMtha nasUna guNADhyAne 'paizAcI' bhASeta lihilelyA kathAsaMgrahAce he saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa Ahe. paizAcI hI bhASA prAkRta bhASAMmadhIla eka prAcIna bhASA mAnalI jAte. guNADhya hA sAtavAhana rAjAMzI saMbaMdhita Ahe. mhaNUna 'baDDakahA' (bRhatkathA) yA graMthAcA kALa isavI sanAce dusare-tisare zataka Tharato. baDDakahA yA graMthAtIla AkhyAyikAMcA upayoga, vastuta: hiMdU, jaina ANi bauddha yA sarvAMnIca moThyA pramANAvara karUna ghetalelA disato. jainAMcA 'vasudevahiMDI' hA graMtha bhAratIya vidyecyA sarvaca abhyAsakAMnI, abhijAta prAkRtacA utkRSTa namunA asalyAce mAnya kele Ahe. yA graMthAcA baDDakahA graMthAzI atizaya nikaTacA saMbaMdha Ahe. cANakyAcyA saMdarbhAta purANAMmadhye zodha ghetalA tara tyAta vaMzAvaLI va rAjAMnA prAdhAnya dile Ahe. cANakyAcA ullekha troTaka Ahe. tyAmuLe khar2yA arthAne kathAsaritsAgara

Page #45
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya hAca hiMdU paraMparetIla cANakyakathAMcA mULa AdhAragraMtha Tharato. kathAsaritsAgarAtIla (1.5.114) cANakyakathecA sArAMza puDhIlapramANe detA yeIla - pATaliputrAta 'naMda' rAje rAjya karIta hote. tyAMcyAtIla zevaTacA rAjA yoganaMda hA hotA. (tyAlA yoganaMda he nAva kase paDale tyAcI pUrNa kathA yethe dilI Ahe.) zakaTAla hA tyAcA maMtrI hotA. kAhI kAraNAne zakaTAlAlA yoganaMdAcA sUDa ghyAyacA hotA. (tyAcI hakigata vistArAne dilI Ahe.) eka divasa zakaTAlAlA ase dRzya disale kI, cANakya nAvAcA eka brAhmaNa 'kuza' nAvAce gavata, kholavara khaNUna muLApAsUna ukhaDUna TAkata Ahe. yAce kAraNa ase kI, tyA gavatAce Toka tyAcyA pAyAcyA TAceta ghusale Ahe. koNatyAhI kAraNAcA muLApAsUna zodha gheNyAcI cANakyAcI vRttI, zakaTAlAne oLakhalI. manAta khUNagATha bAMdhalI kI yoganaMdAcA sUDa gheNyAsAThI, hI vyaktI atizaya yogya Ahe. tyAne cANakyAlA naMdAcyA rAjavADyAta zrAddhabhojanAsAThI khAsa AmaMtraNa dile ANi sAMgitale kI, 'tU mukhya brAhmaNa asalyAmuLe tulA dakSiNeta eka lAkha suvarNamudrA miLatIla.' cANakyAne tyA divazI bhojanazALeta jAUna agrAsana paTakAvile. khare tara te mAnAce Asana subaMdhu brAhmaNAsAThI rAkhIva hote. zakaTAlAne hI goSTa naMdAlA sAMgitalI. naMdAne mhaTale kI, subaMdhUzivAya dusarA koNIhI yethe basaNAra nAhI. zakaTAlAne naMdAce mhaNaNe cANakyAlA sAMgitale ANi Asana soDaNyAcI vinaMtI kelI. yA apamAnAne cANakya saMtApAne bebhAna hoUna uThalA. tyAne tvarene ApalI bAMdhalelI zeMDI soDalI ANi sarvAMsamakSa pratijJA kelI kI, 'sAta divasAcyA Ata mI naMdAcA sarvanAza karIna ANi magaca mAjhyA zeMDIlA punhA gATha bAMdhIna.' naMdarAjA krodhAne saMtapta jhAlA. paraMtu tyAne koNatIhI kAryavAhI karaNyAAdhIca, cANakya tethUna paLUna gelA. zakaTAla jaNU 36

Page #46
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya kAhI yAcIca vATa pahAta hotA. tyAne cANakyAlA zodhUna ApalyA gharAta Azraya dilA. zakaTAlAne cANakyAsAThI jAraNa - mAraNa vidhIcI (kRtyA sAdhanA) sarva vyavasthA kelI. tyA kALyA jAdUcA pariNAma naMdAvara lagecaca disU lAgalA. tyAlA dAhajvara jhAlA ANi sAta divasAcyA Ata naMda maraNa pAvalA. naMdAcyA mRtyUnaMtara zakaTAlAne naMdAcA putra hiraNyagupta yAcA vadha kelA ANi caMdraguptAlA rAjA kele. caMdragupta hA pUrvanaMdasuta hotA. zakaTAlAne cANakyAce mana vaLavUna vaLavUna tyAlA caMdraguptAce mahAmAtyapada dile. kAraNa tyAlA mAhIta hote kI cANakya hA buddhIne kharokharaca bRhaspatIsArakhA Ahe. svata:ce jIvanakArya pUrNa jhAlyAmuLe zakaTAla vanAta gelA. azA prakAre tyAne ApalyA priya putrAMcyA mRtyUcyA duHkhAvara vijaya miLavilA ANi vanAmadhye zAMtapaNe AdhyAtmika jIvana vyatIta kele. kathAsaritsAgarAvarIla nirIkSaNe : kathAnakAcA mukhya bhara 'zakaTAla' amAtyAvara Ahe. cANakyAcA vRttAMta tyA mAnAne duyyama Ahe. purANAMpekSA cANakyavRttAMta adhika vistArAne yeto. 'zrAddha' ANi 'zikhA' he saMdarbha cANakyAce brAhmaNatva adhorekhita karatAta. jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhye subaMdhUce cANakyAviSayIce zatrutva sAMgitale Ahe paraMtu tyAce kAraNa dilele nAhI. kathAsaritsAgarAtIla prastuta vRttAMta to duvA joDaNyAsa molAcI madata karato. jaina kathAMmadhye zakaTAlAcI kathA pracalita Ahe paraMtu zakaTAla ANi cANakyAcA sAkSAt saMbaMdha joDalelA nAhI, jo kathAsaritsAgarAta spaSTa hoto. hariSeNAcyA cANakyamunikathevara kathAsaritsAgarAcA prabhAva spaSTapaNe disUna yeto. 37

Page #47
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya paraMtu tyAne kathAsaritsAgarAce paizAcI prAkRtAtIla saMskaraNa vAparale asAve. kAraNa hariSeNAcA kALa AThave-navave zataka Ahe tara kathAsaritsAgarAcA kALa akarAve zataka Ahe. zvetAMbara jaina sAhityAnusAra zakaTAla hA zevaTacyA naMdAcA amAtya hotA. tyAlA dona putra hote, 'sthUlabhadra' va 'zrIyaka'. kALAcyA oghAta puDhe sthUlabhadra he, jaina bhikSU banale ANi jaina sAdhusaMghAce pramukha jhAle. kathAsaritsAgarAta ase noMdavile Ahe kI, naMdAne kAhI ekA aparAdhAcI zikSA mhaNUna zakaTAlAlA tyAcyA kuTuMbAsaha aMdhakUpAta DhakalUna dile. hI hakigata jaina saMdarbhAMzI juLata nAhI. mhaNUnaca bahudhA hA sarva vRttAMta deUnahI hariSeNAne zakaTAlAcyA aivajI naMdAcyA maMtryAce nAva 'kavi' kiMvA kvacit 'kAvi' ase dile Ahe. kathAsaritsAgarAta ase noMdavile Ahe kI zakaTAlAne caMdraguptAlA rAjyAvara basavile ANi tyAcA amAtya hoNyAsAThI cANakyAce mana vaLavile. bRhatkathAmaJjarI ANi zvetAMbara kathAMmadhye ase noMdavile Ahe kI cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA rAjyAvara basavile ANi svata:ca tyAcA amAtya jhAlA. kathAsaritsAgarAta caMdraguptAlA 'pUrvanaMdasuta' mhaTale Ahe. tyAtUna lekhakAlA caMdraguptAce kSatriyatva sUcita karAvayAce Ahe. kathAsaritsAgarAnusAra cANakyAne naMdAlA maMtrataMtravidyecyA prayogAne mArale. brAhmaNa ANi jaina kathAsrotAMmadhye mukhya pharaka hAca Ahe. abhicAra-vidyetIla cANakyAce prAviNya raMgavile kI tyAce zaurya, dUradRSTI, buddhimattA ANi rAjanaitika DAvapecAMmadhIla kauzalya - he sarva ekadama zUnyavat hoUna jAte. 38

Page #48
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya 5) kSemendrakRta bRhatkathAmaJjarI : kAzmirI brAhmaNa asalelyA kSemendrAne isavI sanAcyA dahAvyA zatakAta, guNADhyAcyA 'baDDakahA' graMthAce, saMskRta saMskaraNa tayAra kele hote. paraMtu ApalyA pravAhI ANi bahAradAra zailIne, lokapriyatecyA bAbatIta, maJjarIpekSA saritsAgara graMtha, kitItarI adhika lokapriya jhAlA. zakaTAla ANi cANakyAcI maJjarItIla kathA kathAsaritsAgarAsArakhIca paraMtu saMkSipta Ahe. maJjarItIla kathA mukhyatvAne vararuci ANi zakaTAla yAMcA vRttAMta aMkita karate. cANakyAce saMdarbha, maJjarIta kevaLa cAra zlokAta yetAta. (prakaraNa 1, guccha 2, zloka 214 te 217). kathA javaLajavaLa kathAsaritsAgarAsArakhIca Ahe. pharaka evaDhAca kI maJjarInusAra cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA rAjyAvara basavile. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI cANakya amAtya jhAlyAcA ullekha maJjarIta ADhaLataca nAhI. sArAMza kathAsarit ANi maJjarI doghAMnIhI purANAMcyA mAnAne cANakyakathA barIca vistArAne sAMgitalI Ahe paraMtu mahattva mAtra zakaTAlAcyA vyaktirekhelA Ahe. zivAya eka mahattvAcI goSTa azI kI doghAMnIhI cANakyAcA arthazAstrAzI asalelA saMbaMdha noMdavilelA nAhI. 6) mudrArAkSasa nATakAtIla cANakya : jaina sAhityAcyA pariprekSyAta isavI sanAcyA AThavyA-navavyA zatakAta vizAkhadattAne lihilele mudrArAkSasa he nATaka, hA brAhmaNa paraMparedvAre cANakyAlA samajUna gheNyAcA sarvAta mahattvAcA srota Ahe. 'kauTilyaH kuTilamati:' hA vAkpracAra vizAkhadattAmuLeca atyaMta lokapriya jhAlA. yA nATakAtUna ubhA rAhaNArA cANakya itakA kharAkhurA mAnalA jAU lAgalA kI, aneka

Page #49
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya uttaravartI lekhakAMnI tyAtIla nATakIya aMzAMkaDe durlakSa karUna, tI jaNU vastusthitI asalyAsArakheca gRhIta dharale va tyA dRSTIne ApApalI cANakya-caritre prastuta kelI. yethe vizeSa namUda karAvayAce Ahe kI, saMskRta nATakAMcyA tejasvI paraMparetIla he ekameva rAjanaitika nATaka, cANakya-caMdraguptAcyA AyuSyAtIla, phakta viziSTa ghaDAmoDIMvara prakAza TAkaNAre Ahe. strI-pAtra virahita ase he sAta aMkI nATaka, cANakyAcyA buddhimattecyA ANi vyaktimatvAcyA aneka pailUMvara jhota TAkate. cANakya, amAtya rAkSasa ANi caMdragupta yA tIna mukhya vyaktirekhAMbhovatI te kauzalyAne guMphale Ahe. nATakAtIla aneka duyyama pAtrAMcyA toMDI asalele prAkRta saMvAda, saMskRtatajjJAMbarobaraca, bhAratIya vidyecyA abhyAsakAMnAhI AkRSTa karUna ghetAta. pariNAmI mudrArAkSasa nATakAcA, aneka aMgAMnI abhyAsa jhAlelA disato. cANakyAcyA AkalanAsAThI mudrArAkSasa sarvAdhika mahattvAce Aheca paraMtu tyAbarobaraca mudrArAkSasAtIla jaina aMza, abhyAsakAMsamora ANaNe malA atyaMta Avazyaka vATale. cANakya-caMdraguptAce magadhAzI asalele ati-nikaTatece nAte ; jaina paraMparetIla sAhityAta AvarjUna noMdavalA gelelA magadhAcA pradIrgha itihAsa ANi isavIsanapUrva dusar2yA zatakApAsUna caudA-paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta jainAMnI veLoveLI, vividha saMdarbhAta, AkhyAyikAMcyA dvAre japalelA cANakya - he sarva lakSAta gheUna, tyAcyA pArzvabhUmIvara mudrArAkSasAcA punarvicAra karaNyAcI AvazyakatA malA bhAsU lAgalI. mudrArAkSasAta atyalpa asalele bauddha aMza abhyAsakAMnI puDhe ANale, paraMtu vipulatene ADhaLaNAr2yA jaina ullekhAMkaDe durlakSa kelele disate. hI kamataratA bharUna kADhaNyAsAThI yethe samagratene vicAra kelA Ahe. 40

Page #50
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya a) mudrArAkSasAtIla jaina vyaktirekhA : (1) jIvasiddhi kSapaNaka : mudrArAkSasa nATakAcyA saMvidhAnaracaneta ANi ghaTanAkramAta jIvasiddhi kSapaNakAce sthAna atizaya mahattvAce Ahe. 'jIvasiddhi' hA samAsa 'jIva' ANi 'siddhi' yA dona padAMnI banalelA Ahe. hI donhI pade jaina tattvajJAnAcyA pArzvabhUmIvara atyaMta arthapUrNa Aheta. jaina tAttvika graMthAta 'AtmA' zabdAaivajI, pratyeka AtmyAce svataMtra astitva dAkhaviNArA 'jIva' zabda khAsa karUna upayojita kelA jAto. 'siddhi' mhaNaje nirvANa, mokSa. 'jIvasiddhi' zabdAcA ekaMdara bhAvArtha asA - 'mokSaprAptIsAThI prayatnazIla jIva'. 'kSapaNaka' hA zabda dekhIla jaina bhiDUMcI viziSTa AdhyAtmika zreNI darzaviNArA Ahe. karmanirjaresAThI kSapakazreNIvara ArUDha jhAlelyA bhikSUcA nirdeza anekadA 'kSapaka' athavA 'kSapaNaka' asA kelA jAto. digaMbara paraMpareta hA zabda vizeSa rUDha asalyAne ANi nATakAta tyAcyA digaMbaratvAcA spaSTa ullekha asalyAne yA vyaktirekhece jainatva adhorekhita hote. mudrArAkSasAcyA abhyAsakAMnI sudaivAne te nirvivAdapaNe mAnya kele Ahe. arthAt nATakAtIla kSapaNaka kharAkhurA digaMbara jaina sAdhU nAhI. cANakyAlA amAtya rAkSasAcyA goTAtIla itthaMbhUta mAhitI kADhAvayAcI Ahe. tyAsAThI ApalyA 'induzarmA' nAvAcyA mitrAcI to yojanA karato. induzAne heragirI karatAnA jIvasiddhi kSapaNaka' he nAva va tasA veSa dhAraNa karAvA azI cANakyAcI sUcanA Ahe. amAtya rAkSasa nandarAjAMcA pakSapAtI Ahe. dhanAnandAcA vizvAsU amAtya Ahe. naMdarAje jainadharmI, nidAna jainAnukUla tarI asAveta. orisAtIla samrATa khAravelAcyA zilAlekhAtIla, 'naMdarAjAMnI jinapratimA paLavUna neNyAcA' jo ullekha Ahe, tyAcyA AdhAre he spaSTa

Page #51
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya hote. rAkSasAvara prabhAva pADaNyAsAThI kSapaNakAce soMga ghetalyAsa, tyAcyAviSayIcyA AdarabhAvAmuLe kSapaNakAlA theTa rAkSasAzI saMparka sAdhatA yeIla asA cANakyAcA acUka aMdAja Ahe. jaina vyaktirekhelA duyyama tarIhI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA asalele he udAharaNa saMskRta nATakAMmadhye agadI viraLAca mAnale pAhije. jIvasiddhIcI bhASA mAgadhI prAkRta Ahe. jIvasiddhI satata mhaNata asato, 'alahantANaM paNamAmi' (arhatAMnA praNAma aso) (aMka 5, pR.192). cauthyA aMkAtahI to udgArato, 'sAsaNamalihantANaM paDivajjaha mohavAhivejjANa' (moharUpI vyAdhIMce jaNU vaidya asalelyA arhatAMcyA zAsanAcA svIkAra karA) (aMka 4, pR.186). jIvasiddhi kSapaNaka amAtya rAkSasAsa mhaNato, 'zrAvakAMcI dharmasiddhI hovo.' yAvarUna spaSTa hote kI amAtya rAkSasa jainadharmI zrAvaka Ahe. to kSapaNakAsa AdarapUrvaka 'bhadanta' (bhaMte) ase saMbodhato. 'rAkSasAcI bAtamI kADhaNyAsa kSapaNaka kitI upayukta Ahe' - yAviSayI cANakya mhaNato - "sa mayA kSapaNakaliGgadhArI nandavaMzavadhapratijJAnantarameva kusumapuramupanIya sarvanandAmAtyaiH saha sakhyaM grAhito vizeSatazca tasmin rAkSasaH smutpnnvishrmbhH|" (aMka 1, pR.18) cauthyA ANi pAcavyA aMkAta amAtya rAkSasa ANi kSapaNakAce vipula saMvAda Aheta. kSapaNaka, amAtya rAkSasAsa eka viziSTa muhUrta kADhUna deto. jaina sAdhu-AcArAtIla prAcIna sUtrAta zakuna-nimitta ityAdI vidyAMmadhye pravINa asalelyA jaina sAdhUMcA vAraMvAra ullekha yeto. sArAMza kAya tara jIvasiddhi kSapaNakAcyA saMvAdAMmadhUna tatkAlIna rAjakIya vartuLAmadhIla jainAMce nAte vizeSa spaSTa hote. (2) candanadAsa :

Page #52
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya pATaliputrAcA nagarazreSThI candanadAsa jainadharmI zrAvaka asalyAcA sAkSAt ullekha nATakAta ADhaLata nAhI. abhyAsakAMnIhI tyAvara prakAza TAkalelA nAhI. tathApi candanadAsAcyA udgArAMcA sUkSmatene vicAra kelyAsa tyAce jainatva prakaTa jhAlyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta lihilelyA prAya: sarvaca kathAMmadhUna nagarazreSThIpada vaMzaparaMparene jaina gRhasthavargAkaDeca cAlata Alele disate. tyAmuLe candanadAsahI tasAca asAvA ase mAnaNyAsa harakata nAhI. pATaliputrAtIla atizrImaMta vyApAr2yAMkaDUna cANakyAne koNakoNatyA yuktyA vAparUna paisA kADhUna ghetalA ANi rAjyAcyA tijorIta kazA prakAre jamA kelAyAcyA hakigatI mudrArAkSasAlA samakAlIna asalelyA jaina graMthAMta AvarjUna noMdavilelyA disatAta. vyApArIvarga jaina asalyAkherIja itake vistRta varNana jaina sAhityAta koThUna yeNAra ? yAvarUnahI candanadAsa jaina zrAvaka asaNyAsa dujorA miLato. candanadAsa hA mudrArAkSasAnusAra maNikArazreSThI' arthAt hir2yAMcA vyApArI Ahe. cANakyAce bolAvaNe AlyAvara to bhItIne cAMgalAca dacakato. 'jJAtAdharmakathA' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla 'maNikArazreSThI'cA ullekha jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhye suprasiddha Ahe. tyAce nAvahI 'naMda maNikAra' Ahe. (jJAtAdharmakathA, adhyayana 13) jIvasiddhi kSapaNakApramANe candanadAsahI amAtya rAkSasAcA atyaMta vizvAsU Ahe. kiMbahunA to amAtya rAkSasAcA nikaTacA mitra Ahe. rAkSasAne ApalyA kuTuMbAcI jabAbadArI atyaMta khAtrIpUrvaka tyAcyAvara sopavilI Ahe. candanadAsAcA javaLacA nAtevAIka 'dhanasena' Ahe, je nAva jaina kathAMmadhye atizaya lokapriya Ahe. (aMka 1, pR.38) pAcavyA aMkAta candanadAsAce eka svagata Ahe. tyAtIla aneka padAvalIMmadhUna

Page #53
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya tyAce jainatva sUcita hote. candanadAsa zaurasenI bhASeta bolato ANi svata:sa 'cArittabhaMgabhIru' ase mhaNavUna gheto. (aMka 6, pR.286). 'cAritra' hI eka viziSTa jaina pAribhASika saMjJA asUna ticA artha 'samyak AcaraNa' asA Ahe. mokSamArgAvara agresara karaNAr2yA triratnAMpaikI eka Ahe 'samyak - cAritra'. sAtavyA aMkAta, nATakAcyA caramotkarSAcyA veLI candanadAsAcyA toMDI eka zloka ghAtalA Ahe (aMka 7, zloka 3, pR.286). 'mottUNaM AmisAI' azI yA mahArASTrI prAkRtAtIla zlokAcI (gAthecI) suruvAta Ahe. saMdarbha thoDA vegaLA asalA tarI mAMsAhArAcA pUrNa tyAga' ANi tRNadhAnyAvara nirvAha' yA padAvalItUna candanadAsAce jainatva jANavilyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. (3) sarvArthasiddhi : amAtya rAkSasa hA, mRta ANi parAgaMdA jhAlelyA naMdavaMzIyAMpaikI sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka ekameva jIvita vArasAlA magadhAcyA siMhAsanAvara basaviNyAcyA khaTapaTIta Ahe. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI jaina daivatazAstrAta, svargalokAtIla zreSTha devavimAnAMpaikI ekA devavimAnAce nAva sarvArthasiddhi' ase Ahe. dusarAhI eka jaina dhAgA yethe vizada karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. sarvaprathama va sarvamAnya asA jaina dArzanika saMskRta-sUtrabaddha graMtha jo 'tattvArthasUtra', to pAraMparika mAnyatenusAra AcArya umAsvAtIMnI kusumapura (pATaliputra) yethe racalA hotA. AcArya pUjyapAdAMnI tyAvara pAcavyA zatakAta lihilelyA suprasiddha TIkece nAvahI 'sarvArthasiddhi' Ahe. amAtya rAkSasAne 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka naMdavaMzIya vyaktIcA ghetalelA zodha, khacitaca tyAtIla jaina aMzAvara prakAza TAkato. ba) cANakya : mudrArAkSasAtIla ANi jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhIla : 44

Page #54
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya 1) cANakyAcI nAve : mudrArAkSasa nATakAta 'viSNugupta' ANi 'kauTilya' hI nAve kvacita disata asalI tarI saMvAdAMmadhye vyaktirekhAMcI jI nAve dilelI asatAta, tyAta saMpUrNa nATakabhara 'cANakya' heca nAva Ahe. jaina sAhityAtahI prAmukhyAne 'cANakya' (cANakka, cANikya, cANAkya) heca nAva ADhaLate. 'kauTilya' (koDilla) ANi 'viSNugupta' hI nAve phAraca kamI veLA ADhaLUna yetAta. 2) cANakyAce brAhmaNatva : mudrArAkSasAta cANakyAlA 'Arya', 'baTu', 'brAhmaNa', 'bhaTTa', 'upAdhyAya' ANi 'viSNugupta' - yA nAvAne saMbodhUna tyAce brAhmaNatva adhorekhita kelele Ahe. vizAkhadattAne cANakyAce jainatva adhorekhita karaNAre, ekahI vizeSaNa athavA pada vAparalele nAhI. jaina sAhityAta zvetAMbarAMnI cANakya hA 'zrAvaka' asalyAce mhaTale Ahe. digaMbarAMnI ANi vizeSata: hariSeNAne cANakyAlA jainadIkSA dhAraNa kelelA ANi 500 jaina sAdhUMce netRtva karaNArA 'munI' -azA svarUpAta citrita kele Ahe. hariSeNAce he varNana atizayokta Ahe, he itara saMdarbha pAhatA sahaja lakSAta yete. 3) cANakyAcI zikhA : cANakyAce brAhmaNatva spaSTa karaNArA mukhya muddA mhaNaje tyAcI lAMba ANi kALI zikhA. brAhmaNa paraMpareta rUDha asalelyA sarva likhita ANi maukhika paraMparAMmadhye, cANakyAcyA vaiziSTyapUrNa zikhecA ullekha agrakramAne yeto. naMdAcyA bhojanazALeta apamAnita jhAlelA cANakya, rAgAne bebhAna hoUna, ApalyA zeMDIcI gATha soDUna,

Page #55
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya naMdavaMzAcyA samULa ucchedAcI pratijJA karato, hI ghaTanA vizeSatvAne noMdavilelI disate. kAhI ullekhAMvarUna ase disate kI caMdraguptAlA magadhAcyA siMhAsanAvara ArUDha kelyAnaMtara, cANakya punhA ApalyA zeMDIcI gATha mArato. mudrArAkSasAta hA prasaMga thoDyA vegaLyA prakAre citrita kelA Ahe. amAtya rAkSasAlA tyAce mana vaLavUna, caMdraguptAcA amAtya mhaNUna nemaNUka kareparyaMta cANakya ApalyA zeMDIlA gATha mArata nAhI. mudrArAkSasAcyA pahilyA aMkAta AraMbhIca cANakyAcyA zikhece bhItidAyaka varNana puDhIlapramANe dilele ADhaLate - nandakulakAlabhujagI kopAnalabahulaloladhUmalatAm / adyApi badhyamAnAM vadhyaH ko necchati zikhAM me / / (mudrArAkSasa aMka 1, zloka 9, pR.8) bhAvArtha asA kI, naMdakulAlA kALasarpiNIsArakhI bhAsaNArI ANi mAjhyA krodharUpI agnIcI jaNU kAhI caMcala dhUmalatA asaNArI hI zikhA, ajUnahI mokaLyA avasthetaca Ahe. ajUnahI koNItarI vadhya Ahe yAceca sUcana hI zikhA karIta Ahe. mudrArAkSasAcyA akheracyA aMkAta vividha yuktyAprayuktyAMnI amAtya rAkSasAcI koMDI karUna, cANakya tyAsa caMdraguptAce amAtyapada svIkArAvayAsa lAvato ANi mhaNato - pUrNapratijJena mayA kevalaM badhyate zikhA / ___ (mudrArAkSasa aMka 7, zloka 17, pR.310) jaina lekhaka, cANakyAce brAhmaNatva adhorekhita karIta nAhIta. ulaTa tyAlA zrAvakatva bahAla karatAta. tyAmuLe pratijJA karatAnA ANi pratijJApUrtInaMtara, cANakyAcyA zeMDI soDaNyAcyA ANi bAMdhaNyAcyA kriyece varNana te karIta nAhIta. AvazyakacUrNIta

Page #56
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya zikhecyA ullekhAcA pUrNa abhAva Ahe. pariziSTaparvAta hemacaMdrAne mULa zlokAta zikhecA ullekha TALalA Ahe. paraMtu tyA pRSThAvara eka taLaTIpa mhaNUna zikhecA ullekha, pusaTapaNe kelA Ahe. mAtra jyA jyA jaina lekhakAMnI cANakyAcI saMkSipta athavA vistRta caritre lihilI Aheta tyAMnI puDhe dilelA saMskRta zloka AvarjUna noMdavilelA Ahe kozena bhRtyaizca nibaddhamUlaM, putraizca mitraizca vivRddhazAkham / utpATya nandaM parivartayAmi, haThAd drumaM vAyurivogravegaH / / (AvazyakacUrNI (1) pR.560) jaina sAhityAta vAraMvAra uddhRta kelelA hA zloka, AmhI kathAsaritsAgara, purANe ANi mudrArAkSasa yAMmadhye zodhaNyAcA khUpa prayAsa kelA. hyA tinhIMmadhye to ADhaLalA nAhI. yAcA artha asA kI, AvazyakacUrNIcyAhI AdhIpAsUna jainAMnI maukhika paraMparene japalelA hA zloka, atizaya mahattvAcA Tharato. ---- 4) cANakyAcI kaDaka zAsanavyavasthA : cANakya ANi caMdraguptAcyA kaDaka zAsanavyavasthece varNana mudrArAkSasAta aneka veLA disUna yete. vizeSata: zAsanAne ghAlUna dilelyA AjJecA bhaMga athavA ullaMghana, cANakya ANi caMdragupta yAMnA ajibAta paTata navhate. AjJAbhaMgAcyA gunhyAsAThI daMDa ThoThAvalA jAta ase. yAbAbata mudrArAkSasAtIla padAvalI atizaya bolakyA Aheta 1) idamanuSThIyate devasya candraguptasya zAsanamiti - mudrA. aMka 1, pR.36 2) rAjyanyaviruddhAbhirvRttibhi: - mudrA. aMka 1, pR.40 3) kriyamANeSu AjJAbhaGgeSu - mudrA. aMka 2, pR. 96 47 --

Page #57
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya 4) askhalitapUrvaM devasya zAsanaM - mudrA. aMka 3, 5) prathamaM tAvanmamAjJAvyAghAtaH mudrA. aMka 3, pR.132 6) candraguptena AjJAbhaGgakaluSitena - mudrA aMka 4, pR. 176 7) kIdRzaM tatkAryagauravaM yadrAjazAsanamullaMghayati - mudrA. aMka 5, pR. 212 nizIthacUrNIta 'aparAdha' ANi 'AjJAbhaMga' yAviSayIcI eka kathA sAdhuAcArAcyA saMdarbhAta uddhRta kelI Ahe. tice tAtparya ase Ahe kI, ziSyAcyA hAtUna cukUna ekhAdA aparAdha ghaDalA tara ekaveLa to kSamya mAnatA yeIla paraMtu gurUMnI spaSTa zabdAta dilelyA AjJecA, jara ziSyAne jANUnabujUna bhaMga kelA, tara tyA gunhyAlA sarvAta kaThora prAyazcitta dile pAhije. pR.112 AjJAbhaMgAsaMbaMdhIcA hA niyama sAMgata asatAnA cUrNIkArAne, cANakya-caMdraguptAcyA AyuSyAtIla ekA vilakSaNa prasaMgAce udAharaNa dile Ahe. nizIthacUrNItIla hA prasaMga puDhIla kALAta hoUna gelelyA jaina lekhakAMnI adhikAdhika raMgavUna sAMgitalA Ahe. caMdraguptAcyA kSatriyatvAvara praznacihna nirmANa karUna, tyAcyA virodhAta kAravAyA karaNAr2yA ekA saMpUrNa gAvAlA, cANakyAne AjJAbhaMgAcyA aparAdhAkhAlI kase jALUna TAkale, yAcI kathA nizIthacUrNIta vistArAne dilI Ahe. mudrArAkSasAta namUda kelelyA AjJAbhaMgAce eka utkRSTa udAharaNaca jaNU, jaina lekhakAMnI kathAsvarUpAta namUda kele Ahe. AzcaryAcI bAba azI kI varakaraNI atyaMta nirghRNa vATaNAr2yA yA kRtIce eka prakArace samarthanaca cUrNIkAra karato. 5) cANakyAcI prakhara buddhimattA : 48

Page #58
prakhara buddhimattA he cANakyAcyA jIvanapravRttIce sArasarvasva Ahe. buddhimattA, zahANapaNa, tarkazaktI, dhUrtatA - yA ANi azA aneka chaTA cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAta disatAta. mudrArAkSasAce vaiziSTya ase kI, cANakyAlA svata:lAhI yA buddhimattecI pUrNapaNe jANIva Ahe. mudrArAkSasAcyA pahilyA aMkAtIla tyAcA pravezaca muLI, svata:cyA buddhIce mUlyAkaMna karaNAr2yA puDhIla zlokAne hoto -- brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya kauTilyaH kuTilamati: sa eSa na krodhAgnau prasabhamadAhi nandavaMza: / 1 (mudrArAkSasa aMka 1, , pR. 8) pahilyA aMkAtIla 25 vyA zlokAta cANakya svataH viSayI mhaNato kI, 'mAjhyApAsUna mAjhe sarva kAhI hirAvUna nele tarI cAlela. mAjhI buddhimattA mAtra koNIhI hirAvUna neU zakata nAhI. ' zlo 7, jaina jJAnamImAMseta buddhIce cAra prakAra sAMgitale jAtAta. 'autpattikI' hI janmajAta buddhimattA Ahe. 'vainayikI buddhI' gurusevene va aupacArika zikSaNAne prApta hote. abhyAsAne prApta kelelyA kauzalyAsa 'karmajA buddhI' mhaNatAta tara 'pariNAmikI buddhI' hA aneka anubhavAMmadhUna prApta jhAlelyA zahANapaNAcA paripAka asato. jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyakathAMmadhye AvazyakacUrNIce sthAna agragaNya Ahe. cUrNIkArAce vaiziSTya ase kI tyAne cANakyAce sarva caritraca, pariNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa mhaNUna prastuta kele Ahe. mhaNajeca tyAcyA mate, tyAcyA AyuSyAtIla sarva prasaMga, tyAne ghetalele nirNaya - - hyA sarvAMmadhUna tyAcyA anubhavasiddha buddhIcIca camaka disate. haribhadrAne tara yAcyAhI puDhe eka pAUla TAkUna mhaTale Ahe kI, 'to autpattikI, vainayikI va pariNAmikI 49

Page #59
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya azA tInahI buddhIMcA dhAraka hotA. ' 'kauTilya: kuTilamati:'- hA vAkpracAra atizaya rUDha karaNyAta mudrArAkSasa nATakAcA phAra moThA vATA Ahe. vastutaH mudrArAkSasAnusAra cANakya ANi amAtya rAkSasa, doghehI vilakSaNa buddhimAna Aheta. paraMtu kuTilapaNAmuLe cANakya nehamIca, eka pAUla puDhe asalelA dAkhavilA Ahe. jaina sAhityAta mAtra cANakyAcI kuTilatA sAMgitalI asalI tarI tyAhUna jAsta tyAcI prakhara buddhimattA, anAsaktavRttI ANi rAjyahitAcI taLamaLa adhorekhita kelI Ahe. 6) cANakyAce caMdraguptAsa saMbodhana : mudrArAkSasa nATakAta cANakya ANi caMdragupta yAMce aneka saMvAda Aheta. prAya: pratyeka veLI cANakya hA caMdraguptAlA 'are vRSala !' ase saMbodhita karato. mudrArAkSasAcyA TIkAkArAMnI ANi abhyAsakAMnI 'vRSala' zabdAcA artha, 'zUdra strIpAsUna utpanna puruSa' asA kelA Ahe. jaina sAhityAta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA cANakyAcyA guNavaiziSTyAMvara najara TAkalI tara ase disate kI, cANakya - caMdraguptAce guru-ziSya saMbaMdha lakSAta ghetA, cANakya hA caMdraguptAlA pAvalopAvalI 'hIna jAtIcA' - ase saMbodhaNe tarkasusaMgata vATata nAhI. zivAya jaina sAhityAta caMdraguptAcyA zUdratvAcA ullekha agadI kvacitaca jANavato. tyAaivajI cANakya hA caMdraguptAlA 'vatsa' kiMvA 'rAjan' ase mhaNato. cANakyAsArakhA buddhimAna ANi uttuMga vyaktimatvAcA dhoraNI mANUsa, caMdraguptAlA padopadI hiNavata asela, he nizcitaca saMbhavata nAhI. arthAtaca 'vRSala' zabdAcA jaina paraMparecyA saMdarbhAta, kAhI navIna artha lAvaNe, aparihArya Tharate. pustakAta yogya jAgI to vizada kelA Ahe. 7) cANakya - caMdragupta kalaha : 50

Page #60
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya mudrArAkSasAcyA tisar2yA aMkAta cANakyAcyA sUcanenusAra ghaDavUna ANalelA cANakya-caMdraguptAcA kRtaka-kalaha (khoTe bhAMDaNa), hA mudrArAkSasAtIla eka atyaMta AkarSaka va kalATaNI deNArA prasaMga Ahe. kAhI abhyAsakAMnI azI zakyatA vyakta kelI Ahe kI, cANakyAcyA varcasvAlA kaMTALUna kadAcit doghAMcyA AyuSyAcyA uttarArdhAta, azA prakAracA visaMvAda kharAkhurAca ghaDalA asAvA. jaina sAhityAtIla sarva saMdarbhAMce bArakAIne nirIkSaNa kelyAvara ase disate kI, azA prakAracA kharA athavA khoTA kalaha tyAMcyAta kadhIhI ghaDUna AlA nAhI. zvetAMbara sAhityAta caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUnaMtara biMdusArAcyA manAtIla gairasamajAmuLe tyAcA cANakyAzI visaMvAda jhAlelA disato. hA visaMvAda subaMdhUne hetupurassara ghaDavUna ANalA - ase jaina AkhyAyikA sAMgate. jaina sAhityAtIla subaMdhu hA, mudrArAkSasAta amAtya rAkSasAcyA rUpAne avataralelA disato. biMdusArAzI jhAlelA hA visaMvAda akhera cANakyAcyA mRtyUmadhye parivartita jhAlA, ase citraNa jaina sAhityAta disate. mAtra mudrArAkSasApramANeca jaina sAhityAtahI, DAva ulaTavaNyAcyA bAbatIta cANakya hA, subaMdhUpekSA eka pAUla puDheca disato. ka) mudrArAkSasAtIla vividha prAkRta bhASA : mudrArAkSasa he saMskRta nATaka' mhaNUna lokapriya asale tarI, tyAtIla prAya: 50% saMvAda prAkRtAta ADhaLUna yetAta. hI eka lakSaNIya bAba Ahe kI, cANakya-caMdraguptAcyA jaina paraMparetIla AkhyAyikA, isavI sanAcyA cauthyA zatakApAsUna isavI sanAcyA paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta, prAkRta bhASeta vipulatene ADhaLatAta. mudrArAkSasAta mukhyatvekarUna 'mAgadhI', 'zaurasenI' ANi 'mahArASTrI' yA prAkRta bhASAMce prayoga disatAta. itara prAkRta bolI upabhASAMcA upayogahI prasaMgopAtta kelelA

Page #61
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya disato. mudrArAkSasAtIla soLA vyaktirekhA prAkRtAta bolatAta. AhituNDika hyA gAruDyAcA ullekha karatAnA, 'to prAkRta kavI Ahe', ase AvarjUna mhaTale Ahe. AhituNDika gAruDyAne mhaTalelyA prAkRta padyAlA, amAtya rAkSasa 'gAthA' ase saMbodhato. ardhamAgadhItIla prAcIna padyaracanAMnA gAthA mhaNatAta. prAkRta bhASA ANi jaina paraMparA yAMce nAte atizaya nikaTace Ahe. cANakyakathA jainAMcyA prAkRta sAhityAta itakyA vikhuralelyA Aheta kI, vizAkhadattAlA nATyalekhanAcyA veLI, tyA nakkIca upalabdha asAvyAta. AvazyakacUrNI va mudrArAkSasAce samakAlInatva (isavI sanAce sAtave zataka) hIca goSTa sUcita karate. Da) mudrArAkSasAtIla mukhya kathAnakAcA jaina sAhityAta abhAva : dhanAnaMdAcA amAtya asalelyA, atyaMta buddhimAna, dhoraNI azA rAkSasAlA, prasaMgI mana vaLavUna tara prasaMgI koMDIta pakaDUna, cANakyAne caMdraguptAce amAtyapada svIkArAyalA kase bhAga pADale tyAcI vistRta hakigata hA mudrArAkSasAcA mukhya gAbhA Ahe. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, hI mukhya ghaTanA ANi tyAsAThI juLavUna ANalelyA aneka upaghaTanA, yAMcA jaina sAhityAta samAveza kelelA disata nAhI. mukhya pharaka asA kI, jaina matAnusAra caMdraguptAcyA kAryakALAta subaMdhu (rAkSasa) caMdraguptAkaDe AlA nAhI. subaMdhUcI saMpUrNa ghaTanAca caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUnaMtara, biMdusAra rAjA jhAlyAvara, ghaDalelI Ahe. yAcyA ulaTa mudrArAkSasAtIla saMpUrNa nATya cANakya-caMdragupta va amAtya rAkSasa yAMcyAmadhyeca ghaDate. jainAMcyA mate subaMdhu (kvacita subuddhi) hA naMdAcA maMtrI Ahe. to cANakyAvara sUDa 52

Page #62
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya ugaviNyAsAThI TapUna basalelA Ahe. biMdusAra rAjAce kAna bharUna to tyAlA, cANakyAcyA pratikUla banavito. biMdusArAcyA vartanAne vyathita jhAlelA cANakya, dUra jANyAcA nirNaya gheUna 'gokulasthAnAtIla gobbaragrAmAta' samAdhIta sthita hoto. atyaMta kuTilatene subaMdhu tyAcA ghAta karato. bahudhA jainakatheta prasiddha azA yA nighRNatemuLeca subaMdhUlA vizAkhadattAne 'rAkSasa' saMbodhale asAve. jaina sAhityAta subaMdhUcA vRttAMta dona prakAre AlelA disato. digaMbarAMcyA mate naMdAcA amAtya subaMdhu hA caMdraguptAcyA vijayAnaMtara pATaliputrAtUna nighUna gelA. cANakyAne munidIkSA ghetalI tevhA to moThyA sAdhusaMghAsaha kramAne vihAra karata krauMcapurAsa AlA. subaMdhUne tyAlA oLakhUna tetheca tyAcA ghAta kelA. mudrArAkSasAta javaLa-javaLa pratyeka aMkAta, vividha upAyAMnI cANakyAne, caMdraguptAcA amAtya hoNyAsAThI rAkSasAce mana kase vaLavile, tyAcyA aneka hakigatI yetAta. jainAMcyA cANakya-kathAMmadhye, yAtIla ekahI hakigata noMdavilelI nAhI. jaina lekhakAMnA bahudhA ase vATale asAve kI, naMdAzI ekaniSTha asalelA subaMdhu (rAkSasa) kadApihI caMdraguptAce amAtyapada bhUSaviNe pasaMta karaNAra nAhI. mukhya mhaNaje subaMdhUcyA sUDabuddhIcI purepUra kalpanA asalelA cANakya, tyAlA ase kRtya karAyalA lAvUna, svata:cyAca pAyAvara ku-hADa kA mArUna gheIla ? sArAMza, mudrArAkSasa he kitIhI yazasvI rAjanaitika nATaka asale tarI, jaina sAhityAta bArAvyA zatakAtIla hemacaMdrAcA apavAda vagaLatA, koNIhI ase dAkhavilele nAhI kI, cANakyAneca rAkSasAlA caMdraguptAce amAtya banavile. hemacaMdrAcyA pariziSTaparvAtIla ullekhahI atizaya ojharatA asUna, mudrArAkSasAtIla koNatehI ghaTanAprasaMga 53

Page #63
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya tyAta sAMgitalele nAhIta. i) mudrArAkSasAtIla viziSTa saMdarbha : jaina pariprekSyAta : (1) pATaliputra : pATaliputra ( pADaliputta, pADaliutta, pATalipura), kusumapura, puSpapura hI sarva nAve mudrArAkSasa ANi jaina sAhityAta, paryAyI nAve mhaNUna aneka veLA sahajapaNe vAparalelI disatAta. jaina dArzanika graMtha tattvArthasUtrAcyA prazastInusAra umAsvAtIMnI hA agragaNya tattvagraMtha kusumapura Urpha pATalipurAtaca racalA. (2) cANakyAcI parNakuTI : mudrArAkSasAcyA tisar2yA aMkAtIla paMdharAvyA zlokAta, cANakyAce nivAsasthAna asalelyA parNakuTIcA, atizaya mahattvapUrNa ullekha ADhaLUna yeto. kAhI kAmAsAThI cANakyAlA gharI bolavAyalA gelelyA nokarAcyA (kaMcukIcyA) mukhAtUna, cANakyAcyA parNakuTIce, tyAcyA sAdhyA rAhaNIce ANi anAsakta vRttIce varNana nATakakArAne vadavUna ghetalele disate. vALalele kuza gavata ANi vALalelyA govar2yAMce varNana, he jaina sAhityAtIla varNanAzI taMtotaMta juLate. 54 cANakyAcyA nirmohI ANi samAdhAnI vyaktimatvAce varNana karatAnA, jainAcArya hemacaMdra mhaNatAta, 'sa santoSadhanaH sadA '. hemacaMdrAMnI kelele cANakyAcyA mRtyuprasaMgAce varNanahI, atyaMta prabhAvI utarale Ahe. te mhaNatAta -- dhUpAGgAreNAnilAsphAlitena prodyajjvAle drAkkarISasthale tu / dAruprAyo dahyamAno'pyakampo mauryAcAryo devyabhUttatra mRtvA / /

Page #64
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya (pariziSTaparva, sarga 8, zloka 469) digaMbara sAhityAtIla cANakyAcA sarvAta junA ullekha, 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' yA graMthAta yeto. tethehI mhaTale Ahe kI, "subaMdhUne cANakyAlA gobbaragrAmAta jALale. tyAne prAyopagamana maraNAcA svIkAra kelA hotA. zevaTacyA bhayAnaka vedanA tyAne zAMtapaNe sahana kelyA." (3) parvataka ANi viSakanyA : cANakyAne viSakanyecyA sahAyyAne parvatakAcA mRtyU kasA ghaDavUna ANalA-yAcA vRttAMta mudrArAkSasa ANi AvazyakacUrNI yA donhIta prAyaH samAna prakAre ADhaLUna yeto. parvatakAcA putra asalelyA malayaketUcA ullekha ANi tatsaMbaMdhI prasaMga, yAMcA mAtra jaina sAhityAta abhAva disato. (4) cANakyAcI nirIkSaNazaktI : cANakyAcyA atyaMta sUkSma nirIkSaNazaktIcA ullekha, mudrArAkSasAcyA dusar2yA aMkAta, atizaya pariNAmakArakatene kelA Ahe. cANakya hA caMdraguptAcyA surakSitateviSayI, atizaya sAvadha Ahe. vizeSataH tyAcA bhojanakakSa ANi zayanakakSa hA satata cANakyAcyA nigarANIkhAlI Ahe. ekadA caMdraguptAcyA zayanakakSAcyA jADa, pokaLa bhiMtIMmadhUna, bArIka annakaNa toMDAta dharalelyA muMgyAMcI rAMga, cANakyAlA disate. tyAvarUna to tyA pokaLIta lapalelyA, ghAtakI herAMcA chaDA lAvato. tyAMcA yogya baMdobasta karato. AvazyakacUrNItahI muMgyAMnA mAraNAr2yA naladAmAcA prasaMga, nirdiSTa kelA asUna, naMtaracyA jaina lekhakAMnI to vizeSa raMgavilA Ahe. pharaka 55

Page #65
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya itakAca kI, muMgyAMce vArULa kholavara khaNUna, tyAMce samULa uccATana karaNAr2yA naladAmAlA, cANakya hA svataH nagarAce kotavAlapada bahAla karato. lapUna basalelI naMdAcI mANase zodhUna tyAMcA nAyanATa karaNyAce kAma, naladAmAvara sopavito. AvazyakacUrNIcyA 565 vyA pRSThAvara mhaTale Ahe kI - tidaMDI bAhiriyAe NaladAmaM muiMgamAragaM daauM Agato, raNNA saddAvito, diNNaM ArakkhaM, vIsatthA katA, bhattadANe sakuDuMbA mAriyA / (5) cANakya : biMbAtarita rAjA ? : cANakya-caMdraguptAce mudrArAkSasAtIla saMbaMdha ANi saMvAda pAhilyAvara ase disate kI, caMdraguptAcyA pratyeka kRtIvara cANakyAce pUrNa varcasva Ahe. cANakya svata:ca mhaNato kI, caMdraguptAce rAjya sacivAyatta' Ahe. tyAMcyA guruziSyAcyA nAtyAcA ullekhahI mudrArAkSasAta Ahe. cANakyAcyA AjJece ullaMghana karaNyAce sAmarthya caMdraguptAtahI nAhI, ase tyAcyAca udgArAtUna disate. tisar2yA aMkAtIla cANakyacaMdraguptAcyA kRtaka-kalahAtUna tara, he cANakyAce varcasva ughaDapaNe disateca paraMtu anyatrahI choTyA-choTyA goSTIMsAThI caMdragupta kasA cANakyAvara avalaMbUna Ahe, he dekhIla pratyayAsa yete. mudrArAkSasAcyA sAtavyA aMkAta nATakakArAne ekA raMgasUcanetUna, hI goSTa adhorekhita kelI Ahe. tI raMgasUcanA azI, 'rAjA cANakyamukhamavalokayati'. cANakyAcyA toMDAkaDe pAhaNyAcA caMdraguptAcA svabhAva arthAtaca yAtUna disato.

Page #66
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya jaina sAhityAta dekhIla cANakyAce prabhutva ANi varcasva anekadA namUda kelele disate. AvazyakacUrNItahI he tathya pratibiMbita jhAle Ahe. jaina lekhakAMnA asehI vATale kI, adhikAra gAjavaNyAcyA tyAcyA vyaktimatvAcA saMbaMdha, bhaviSyavettyAMcyA mukhAtUna lahAnapaNIca vartavilelA barA', mhaNUna jaina cANakyakatheta bhaviSyakathana karaNAre jyotiSI cANakyAcyA mAtyApityAMnA sAMgatAta kI, 'he bAlaka eka tara rAjAca hoIla athavA biMbAMtarita rAjA tarI nakkIca hoIla.' jaina kathAtahI anekadA amAtya cANakya, kevaLa eka bhuvaI uMcAvUna caMdraguptAlA rokhato. pATaliputrAtIla vyApAr2yAMsamora cANakya ughaDapaNe mhaNato kI, 'rAyA me vasavattI'. arthAt rAjA mAjhyA tAbyAta Ahe. AvazyakacUrNI, nizIthacUrNI i. aneka ThikANI cANakya-caMdraguptAce guruziSya nAte, AvarjUna namUda kelele Ahe. hemacaMdra cANakya-caritrAcyA akherIsa tyAlA 'mauryAcArya' ase saMbodhatAta. bRhatkathAkoSakAra hariSeNAne tara yA atizayoktIce itake Toka gAThale Ahe kI, tyAcyA mate naMdAMcyA parAbhavAnaMtara cANakyAneca aneka varSe rAjya kele ANi akherIsa caMdraguptAlA rAjya deUna munidharma svIkAralA. mudrArAkSasAtIla tAtparyAtmaka nirIkSaNe : * mudrArAkSasAlA AdhArabhUta asalelA mukhya kathAbhAga jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhye ADhaLUna yeta nAhI. ekhAdA ojharatA ullekha tevaDhA disato. mudrArAkSasAcA kALa sAtave-AThave zataka mAnalA tara tyAlA samakAlIna asalelyA jaina cUrNImadhIla cANakyaviSayaka AkhyAyikA ANi samAjAtIla maukhika daMtakathA nATakakArAMsamora Aheta. paraMtu nATaka AkhIva-rekhIva, bAMdhesUda hoNyAsAThI vizAkhadattAne tyAtIla vecaka bhAga nivaDalA Ahe.

Page #67
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya jyAarthI vizAkhadattAne jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhIla subaMdhUlA 'rAkSasa' ase saMbodhale Ahe, tyAarthI cANakyAlA jivaMtapaNI jALaNAr2yA subaMdhUcyA jaina AkhyAyikA bahudhA tyAcyAsamora asAvyAta. mudrArAkSasAcA abhyAsa vidvAnAMnI vividha aMgAMnI kelA asalA tarI, mudrArAkSasApekSA prAcIna ANi samakAlIna jaina AkhyAyikAMcyA dvAre tyA nATakAce Akalana adhika arthapUrNapaNe karatA yete. taseca tyAta daDalelI navanavIna tathyehI DoLyAsamora yetAta. nizIthacUrNIcyA puSpiketa namUda kele Ahe kI tI 'vizAkhagaNIMnI' lihilelI Ahe. nizIthacUrNIta sAdhUMcyA AcArAvalIcyA saMdarbhAta vAraMvAra cANakyacaMdraguptAcyA hakigatI yetAta. digaMbara paraMpareta caMdraguptAne dIkSenaMtara 'vizAkhAcArya' nAva dhAraNa kelele disate. malA koNatAhI dAvA karAyacA nAhI paraMtu vizAkhadattakRta mudrArAkSasa ANi jaina paraMparA yAMce eka nikaTace nAte yAtUna sUcita hote. sArAMza kAya tara, megaeNsthenisa va hyuena tsaMga yAMcyA pravAsavarNanAcyA troTaka aMzAtUna cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAvara ANi graMthAvara kuThalAca prakAza paData nAhI. hiMdU (brAhmaNa) purANAMmadhye naMda ANi mauryavaMzAcyA vaMzAvaLIMvara bhara dilelA asUna, cANakyAcA ullekha phakta ojharatA ANi atizaya duyyama Ahe. kathAsaritsAgara ANi bRhatkathAmaJjarI yA dohotUna zakaTAlAcyA vyaktimatvAvaraca jAsta prakAza paDato. naMdAcyA bhojanazALeta cANakyAcA jhAlelA apamAna ANi naMdavaMzAcyA ucchedAcI kelelI pratijJA - yAkherIja cANakyAcyA jIvanasAmagrIviSayI javaLa-javaLa koNatIca mAhitI miLata nAhI. azA paristhitIta cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAcyA vividha pailUMvara prakAza TAkaNArA brAhmaNa paraMparetIla pahilA lekhaka Tharato to vizAkhadatta. eka vizeSa lakSaNIya rAjanaitika nATaka

Page #68
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya mhaNUna te molAce asale tarI, cANakyAcyA pUrvAyuSyAtIla ANi uttarArdhAtIla ghaTanAMsaMbaMdhIcA bodhahI tyAtUna hota nAhI. mhaNajeca cANakyAce saMpUrNa jIvanacaritra samajUna gheNyAsAThI ekameva AdhAra urato, to jaina paraMparene japalelyA cANakyaviSayaka AkhyAyikAMcA. mhaNUnaca lagolaga yApuDhacyA prakaraNAta, jainAMnI citrita kelelyA cANakyAcyA jIvanacaritrAcA vedha gheNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe.

Page #69
brAhmaNa paraMparetIla cANakya 60

Page #70
prakaraNa 3 cANakyAcI samagra jIvanakathA (jaina saMdarbhAcyA AdhAre)

Page #71

Page #72
prakaraNa 3 cANakyAcI samagra jIvanakathA (jaina saMdarbhAcyA AdhAre) prastAvanA : cANakyAcI hI jIvanakathA, zvetAMbara-digaMbara jaina sAhityAta ADhaLUna AlelyA, aneka saMdarbhAcyA AdhAre lihilI Ahe. jethe matabheda asatIla tethe, jAstIta-jAsta tarkasusaMgata paryAya nivaDalA Ahe. kathelA pravAhIpaNA yeNyAsAThI ANi raMjakatesAThI thoDyAzA kalpanAvilAsAcAhI AdhAra ghetalA Ahe. kalpanAramyatA ANi atizayoktI hI mULa saMdarbhAzI visaMgata nasela azI khabaradArI ghetalI Ahe. calA tara maga, cANakya-caMdraguptAcyA vilakSaNa jIvanakahANIcA ApaNa vedha gheU yA.

Page #73
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA (1) bAlaka viSNugupta ANi bhaviSyakathana phAra phAra varSApUrvIcI goSTa Ahe hI ! mhaNaje nakkI kitI varSApUrvIcI? yezU khristAcyA janmAcyAhI AdhI cAraze varSApUrvI ghaDalelI. hI goSTa Ahe ekA kartabagAra rAjAcI ANi tyAcyA buddhimAna amAtyAcI. tyA kALAta ApalyA bhAratavarSAcyA sImA, AjacyApekSA kitItarI adhika vistAralelyA hotyA. bihAra, baMgAla, orisA yA nAvAMaivajI magadha, vaMga, kaliMga azI nAve pracalita hotI. mahAvIra ANi gautama buddha dona mahApuruSa, magadha prAMtAta hoUna gele hote. donaze varSAta tyAMcyA dharmaprasArAcA ThasA, haLUhaLU magadhAbAheracyA aMga-vaMga-kaliMga yA pradezAtahI, umaTU lAgalA hotA. magadha rAjyAlA parAkramI rAjAMcI moThIca paraMparA lAbhalI hotI. rAjA prasenajita tyAcA putra zreNika (biMbisAra) tyAcA putra koNika (ajAtazatru) tyAcA putra udAyI (udayana) yA sarvAMcyA pAThopATha 'zizunAga vaMzAtIla rAjAMnI aneka varSe rAjya kele. zizunAgAMcyA naMtara rAjyasattA 'naMda' gharANyAkaDe AlI. naU naMda rAjAMmadhalA zevaTacA rAjA hotA 'dhanAnaMda'. tyAcA ullekha jaina sAhityAta 'naMda' asAca kelA jAto. svata:ce bhogavilAsa ANi moThepaNA miraviNyAsAThI dilelI moThamoThI dAne yAMcyA yogAne naMda, rAjyAcA khajinA vAremApa udhaLIta hotA. naMdAce atyaMta vizvAsU ase tIna maMtrI hote 'zakaTAla', 'subaMdhu' ANi 'kavi'. tyAcI rAjadhAnI hotI 'pATaliputra ' (kusumapura). prAcIna vaibhavAcyA khuNA tethe jAgojAgI vikhuralelyA hotyA. jJAnArjanAcI keMdre asalelI lahAna-moThI vidyApIThehI tithe vikasita hota hotI. pATaliputrApAsUna kAhI yojane aMtarAvara, 'gola' nAvAcA eka bhUbhAga hotA. - 64 - --

Page #74
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA hiravIgAra vanarAI ANi madhUna-madhUna DolaNArI zete va vastyA, he tyA pradezAce vaiziSTya hote. tethe 'caNakapura' nAvAce eka TumadAra gAva hote. tyA gAvAta 'kapila' brAhmaNa ApalyA 'devilA' nAvAcyA patnIsaha sukhAsamAdhAnAne rahAta hotA. vedavidyemadhIla pAraMgatatA tyAlA piDhIjAta lAbhalI hotI. jJAnArjanAcI Asa, nirmaLa cAritrya ANi saMtoSI vRttI yAmuLe ekA nigraMtha munIMcyA sAnnidhyAta yeUna, to jinadharmAcA upAsaka banalA hotA. kapilAsa eka bahINa hotI. tice nAva 'baMdhumatI'. atizaya lAvaNyavatI ANi sulakSaNI asalelyA baMdhumatIlA, naMdAcyA kavi' nAvAcyA maMtryAne mAgaNI ghAtalI hotI. kapila brAhmaNAne yathAzaktI vivAha karavUna, bahiNIcI pATaliputrAsa pAThavaNI kelI hotI. te joDape tethe sukhAne nAMdata hote. ekA zubha divazI devilene ekA tejasvI ANi sulakSaNI bALAlA janma dilA. mAtApityAMnI harSabharita hoUna bAlakAce nAva 'viSNugupta' ase Thevale. bAlakAce nirIkSaNa kelyAvara mAtApityAMnA dhakkAca basalA. tyA bAlakAlA janmata:ca dADhA hotyA. tyAMnA hI goSTa phAra vicitra vATalI. yogAyogAne dusar2yA divazI mAdhyAhnI eka 'siddhaputra' (bhaviSyavettA) tyAMcyAkaDe AlA. sAhajikaca kapila va devilene bAlakAlA tyAcyA mAMDIvara ThevUna tyAce bhaviSya vicArale. siddhaputrAne atizaya bArakAIne bAlakAcyA aMgapratyaMgAMce nirIkSaNa kele. bAlakAcyA mukhAmadhIla dADhAdekhIla tyAne pAhilyA. kapila ANi devilA saciMta najarene pahAta hote. acAnaka siddhaputrAcA ceharA prasannatene bharUna gelA. to utsphUrtapaNe mhaNAlA, 'ApaNa ubhayatAMnI yAcI kALajI karU naye. bAlakAcyA dADhAMvarUna he spaSTa hote Ahe kI, he bAlaka moThepaNI rAjyapada prApta karaNAra Ahe. rAjAca hoNAra Ahe.' siddhaputra nighUna gelA. kapila moThyA vicArAta paDalA. 'bApa re ! hA rAjA hoNAra 65

Page #75
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA mhaNaje nAnA kaTakArasthAne, yuddha, hiMsA he sarva yAcyA nazibI yeNAraca. TALatAhI yeNAra nAhI. hA rAjA na jhAlelAca barA.' bhaviSya TALaNyAsAThI doghAMnI prayatna karAyace Tharavile. bAlakAlA aMghoLa ghAlatAnA devilA agadI niyamitapaNe tyAcyA dADhA khasakhasUna ghAsU lAgalI. kAlAMtarAne dADhA jhijalyA. sAdhAraNa sahA mahinyAMnI punhA ekadA siddhaputra AlA. kapilAne bAlakAlA dAkhavUna punhA ekadA bhaviSyakathana karaNyAsa sAMgitale. siddhaputrAne bAlakAcyA ghAsalelyA dADhA baghitalyA. tyAlA hasU phuTale. to mhaNAlA, "yAne rAjA hoU naye mhaNUna tumhI bareca prayatna kelele disatAta. pratyekAcyA karmAnusAra je hoNAra asate te ase varavaracyA upAyAMnI kadhIca TALatA yeta nAhI. mI tumhAlA evaDheca sAMgato kI, hA viSNugupta svata: rAjA jhAlA nAhI tarI rAjyAcA pramukha sUtradhAra asela. svata:cyA marjInusAraca rAjAkaDUna kArabhAra karUna gheIla. yAlAca 'biMbAMtarita rAjA' ase mhaNatAta." bhaviSyakathana karUna siddhaputra nighUna gelA. (2) viSNuguptAce zikSaNa ANi vivAha tejasvI viSNugupta kalekalene moThA hoU lAgalA. vedavidyApAraMgata pityAne

Page #76
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA AThavyA varSI viSNuguptAce mauMjIbaMdhana kele. kAhI divasa gharIca vedAMcI 'saMthA' deNyAsa suravAta kelI. lavakaraca tyAcyA lakSAta Ale kI, viSNugupta itakA kuzAgra Ahe kI tyAlA, itarahI kalA ANi vidyA AtmasAt karatA yetIla. tyAce zArIrika cApalya, mAnasika paripakvatA ANi prakhara buddhimattA yAMnA cAMgale vaLaNa lAgAve mhaNUna, kapila ANi devilene eka mahattvAcA nirNaya ghetalA. tyAlA adhika cAMgalyA zikSaNAsAThI pATaliputrAsa pAThaviNyAce Tharavile. tethe kapilAcI bahINa baMdhumatI' ANi tice yajamAna 'kavi', he hoteca. kramAkramAne viSNuguptAce pragata zikSaNa pATaliputrAta surU jhAle. tyA pAThazALeta itarahI aneka ThikANAhUna AlelI mule hotI. tI viSNuguptAlA vicArU lAgalI, 'tU koThUna AlAsa ?' tyAne uttara dile, caNakapurAhUna Alo.' azI praznottare pAca-dahA veLA jhAlyAvara sarva mule tyAlA 'cANakya' mhaNU lAgalI. he tyAce nave nAva itake ruLale kI, tyAce mitraca kAya, tyAce gurUsuddhA tyAlA cANakyaca saMbodhU lAgale. bArA varSe gurugRhI rAhUna cANakyAne vedavidyebarobaraca vedAMge, astravidyA, zastravidyA, maMtravidyA, bhaviSyakathana, azvArohaNavidyA, Ayurveda ANi pUrvasUrIMnI noMdavUna ThevalelI nItizAstraviSayaka rahasyehI jANUna ghetalI. yathocita gurudakSiNA deUna cANakya, caNakapurAsa ApalyA mAtApityAMkaDe parata AlA. ApalA taraNAbAMDa ANi vidyAkuzala putra baghUna kapila va devilene tyAcyA gRhasthAzrama-pravezAcI tayArI cAlU kelI. lavakaraca tyAMnI ekA kulIna brAhmaNAcI rUpavatI kanyA yazomatI' ApalyA putrAsAThI vadhU mhaNUna nivaDalI. susvabhAvI yazomatIcA gRhapraveza jhAlA ANi cANakyAce vaivAhika AyuSya surU jhAle.

Page #77
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA (3) cANakyAce pATaliputrAsa gamana cANakyAcyA patnIce arthAt yazomatIce mAhera cAMgale sukhavastU hote. yAvarSI tyAMcyAkaDe ticyA sarvAta dhAkaTyA bahiNIce lagna Tharale hote. yazomatIcyA itara 68

Page #78
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA bahiNI cAMgalyA zrImaMta gharAta dilelyA hotyA. mAherAhUna mahinAbhara AdhI yeNyAce nimaMtraNa hote. yazomatI utsAhAne tayAra jhAlI. cANakya vivAhAcyA veLI yeNAra ase Tharale. sobata baghUna yazomatI mAherI gelI. pAhate to kAya ! sarva bahiNIMnI ANi mehuNyAMnI AdhIca yeUna mukkAma ThokalA hotA. AIvaDilAMnI yazomatIce svAgata kele khare, paNa tilA te khUpaca nirutsAhI vATale. tI gharAta AlI. sagaLyA bahiNI uMcI vastre dhAraNa karUna ANi nakhazikhAMta dAgine dhAraNa karUna, aiTIta ikaDe-tikaDe vAvarata hotyA. hine javaLa jAUna tyAMcI vicArapUsa kelI. bahiNIMnI kazIbazI uData-uData uttare dilI. bahiNI ANi tyAMce yajamAna tor2yAta vAvarata hote. yazomatI duHkhI jhAlI. ekA kopar2yAta basUna rAhU lAgalI. eke divazI to apamAna sahana na hoUna, svata:ca ApalyA gharI mhaNaje cANakyAkaDe nighUna AlI. mukhya vivAhasohaLA pAra dekhIla paDalA navhatA. cANakyAlA tice mAnasika duHkha jANavale. to punhA-punhA khodUna-khodUna kAraNa vicArU lAgalA. ApalyA guNI ANi buddhimAna patIlA tyAcyA dAridryAce kAraNa sAMgUna dukhavAve, ase yazomatIlA muLIca vATata navhate. khUpaca Agraha kelyAvara akherIsa mAherI ghaDalelA sarva prasaMga tine sAMgitalA. cANakya vicArAta paDalA. ApalyA patnIlA koNI garibIvarUna hiNavAve, he tyAcyA mAnI svabhAvAsa paTale nAhI. tyAlA pATaliputrAcyA dhanAnaMdAcI AThavaNa jhAlI. tethIla vAstavyAta tyAlA mAhIta jhAle hote kI, prativarSI ekA viziSTa divazI dhanAnaMda, vidvAna ANi guNIjanAMcA satkAra karato. suvarNadakSiNA ANi kapilA gAyIMce dAna karato. cANakyAlA vATale, 'ApalI vidvattA siddha karUna he dAna miLavAvayAsa kAya harakata Ahe ? Apale he dAridrya maga kAyamaceca miTela.'

Page #79
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA ApalA hA manodaya tyAne yazomatIsa sAMgitalA. yazomatI mhaNAlI, 'ase asela tara kAhI divasa pATaliputrAta vAstavya karAve lAgela. tumacI khANyApiNyAcI AbALa hoIla. mI dekhIla tumacyAbarobara yete.' cANakyAne mAnya kele. doghAMnI yogya tI zidhAsAmagrI goLA karUna, pATaliputrAsa prayANa kele. nagarAbAherIla ekA zucirbhUta ThikANI parNakuTIta rAhU lAgale. (4) maMtrI 'kavi' yAce upAkhyAna pUrvI sAMgitalyApramANeca naMda rAjAce ( dhanAnaMdAce) tIna pramukha maMtrI hote. 'zakaTAla', 'subaMdhu' ANi 'kavi' . naMdarAjAMce sacivapada zakaTAlAkaDe vaMzaparaMparAgata cAlata Alele 70

Page #80
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA hote. to naMdAcyA atyaMta vizvAsAtalA hotA. zakaTAlAlA sthUlabhadra' ANi 'zrIyaka' ase dona putra ANi buddhimAna azA sAta kanyA hotyA. tyApaikI sthUlabhadra he kAlAMtarAne jainasaMghAce AcArya jhAle. naMdAcyA darabArAta asalelyA 'vararuci' nAvAcyA vidvAnAcyA kaTakArasthAnAmuLe, zakaTAla hA rAjAcyA marjItUna utaralA. rAjAcA gairasamaja dUra karaNyAsAThI ANi zrIyakAlA maMtripada miLavUna deNyAsAThI zakaTAlAne nirdhArapUrvaka svecchAmaraNa svIkArale. subaMdhu yA dusar2yA buddhimAna maMtryAce, maMtrimaMDaLAta eka vizeSa sthAna hote. to buddhimAna, dhUrta ANi rAjanaitika DAvapecAMmadhye kuzala hotA. rAjAce je vizvAsU maMtrI, roja rAjAbarobara bhojana gheta asata, tyAmadhye subaMdhUcyA AsanAcA mAna pahilA hotA. naMdAcyA yA tIna maMtryAMpaikI, cANakyAcA zevaTaparyaMta pAThapurAvA karIta rAhilelA hA dIrghadveSI subaMdhu, eka vegaLAca namunA hotA. pUrvI sAMgitalyApramANe naMdAcA maMtrI kavi, hA cANakyAcyA AtyAcA patI hotA. cANakyAcyA AyuSyAta kavIce sthAna mahattvAce asalyAne, tyAcyA AyuSyAtalA, cANakyAcyA saMdarbhAtalA vistRta vRttAMta yethe jANUna gheU. bhogavilAsAta magna asalelyA naMdAce, rAjyakArabhArAkaDe lakSa, ekaMdarIta kamIca hote. tyAmuLe tyAcyA sImAvartI pradezAtIla rAje magadhAvara AkramaNa karaNyAcI tayArI karU lAgale. saMrakSaNAta dakSa asalelyA kavIne, tyAcyA vizvAsU herAMnI dilelI hI mahattvapUrNa mAhitI rAjAlA gaMbhIrapaNe nivedana kelI. kavIcyA sallyAnusAra naMdAne dhanapAla nAvAcyA kozAdhyakSAlA mhaTale kI, 'zatrusainyAcyA pramukhAMnA bharapUra moThyA rakamA pohocavA. tyAMnA vaza karUna AkramaNa thopavA.' naMtara kavIne tyA tyA senApramukhAMnA ekeka lakSa suvarNamoharA gupacUpa pohocavalyA. ekadA naMdAlA rAjakozAcI pAhaNI 71

Page #81
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA karaNyAcI icchA jhAlI. tyAne khajinadArAlA bolAvile. vicArale, 'rAjakozAcI ekaMdara hAlahavAla kAya Ahe ?' dhanapAla mhaNAlA, "mahArAja ! sarva khajinA javaLa-javaLa ritA jhAlA Ahe. kAraNa ApalyAca vizvAsU maMtryAne arthAt kavIne zatrUnA sarva dhana vATUna TAkale Ahe.' koNatAhI mAgacA-puDhacA vicAra na karatA naMdAne, tAbaDatoba ApalyA rakSakAMnA AjJA kelI kI, 'bAyakA-mulAMsakaTa kavIcyA musakyA bAMdhA ANi gAvAbAherIla aMdhakUpAta (paDIka vihirIta) tyAMnA DhakalUna dyA. tyAMnI upAsamArIne marU naye mhaNUna, eka mAtIcI thALI bhAtAne bharUna, roja vihirIta soData jA.' ApalyA rAjaniSThece ase phaLa miLAlele baghUna prathama kavi atyaMta duHkhI jhAlA. naMtara tyA duHkhAcI jAgA dveSa ANi sUDAne ghetalI. sarvAMnA ekatra karUna to mhaNAlA, naMdarAjAcA sUDa gheNyAsa jo samartha Ahe tyAne ekaTyAneca, ApalI zaktI TikaviNyAsAThI hA thALIbhara bhAta khAvA.' kavIcyA kuTuMbAne ApApasAta vicAra-vinimaya karUna, kavIlA nirNaya dilA kI, 'pitAzrI ! he kArya karaNyAsa kevaLa ApaNaca samartha AhAta. ApalyA kAryapUrtIsAThI AmhI maraNa patkarAvayAsa tayAra Ahota.' vihirItUna bAhera paDaNyAsAThI kavIne eka dIrgha yojanA AkhalI hotI. aMdhakUpAcI kaccI bAjU baghUna, tyAlA tethUna eka lAMbalacaka bhuyAra khaNAvayAce hote. miLatIla tyA aNakucIdAra dagaDAMnI, sarvAMnI bhuyAra khaNaNyAsa AraMbha kelA. annAcyA abhAvI zaktipAta hoUna, ekeka kuTuMbIya maraNa pAvalA. icchA nasUnahI dveSAne peTalelA kavi, roja thALIbhara anna khAUna, sarvazaktInizI bhuyAra khaNata rAhilA. tIna varSe loTalI. sarva kuTuMba maraNa pAvale hote. kavIce bhuyAra khaNaNyAce kAma 72

Page #82
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA cAlUca hote. zatrUcyA guptaherAMnI kavIvara gudaralelyA prasaMgAcI mAhitI, sImAvartI pradezAtIla rAjAMnA dilI. rAjAcA hitaciMtaka ANi sallAgAra rAjAjavaLa nasalyAne, te rAje harSabharita jhAle. tyAMnI ekatrita yeUna, pATaliputrAlAca veDhA ghAtalA. asA ANIbANIcA kSaNa AlyAvara, naMdarAjAlA tIvratene kavIcI AThavaNa AlI. 'to jagalA-vAcalA Ahe kA ?' he baghAyalA rAjA svataH aMdhakUpAzI gelA. halAkhIcyA avastheta asalelyA kavIlA, aMdhakUpAtUna bAhera kADhale. tyAce pAya dharUna, azrupUrNa DoLyAMnI tyAcI kSamA mAgitalI. tyAlA punhA maMtripada bhUSaviNyAcI vinaMtI kelI. ApalI dveSabhAvanA tAtpuratI manAta daDapUna kavi mhaNAlA, 'rAjan ! ekA aTIvara mI parata yeIna. rAjyAcyA Arthika vyavahArAce sarva adhikAra, ApaNa mAjhyAvara sopavile pAhijeta.' rAjAlA aTa mAnya karaNyAkherIja gatyaMtaraca navhate. pAlakhItUna miravata tyAne kavIlA darabArAta nele. sarvAMsamakSa Arthika vyavahArAcI sUtre, tyAcyAkaDe sopavilI. kavIne ApalyA buddhibalAne ANi herayaMtraNecyA madatIne, magadhAvarIla tyA mahAna saMkaTAce nivAraNa kele. kavi ANi cANakya yAMcI bheTa asAca ekadA kavi pATaliputrAcyA AsapAsacyA pradezAta pheraphaTakA mArata hotA. ekA parNakuTIcyA javaLa tyAne eka dRzya pAhile. te pAhUna to thabakalAca. eka taraNAbAMDa tejasvI yuvaka, jaminIvara basUna bAbhaLIcyA jADa kATyAne, ApalyA pAyAcyA TAceta gelele kusaLa, kALajIpUrvaka kADhata hotA. kusaLa tara tyAne jhaTakana kADhaleca paNa eka aNakucIdAra hatyAra gheUna, naMtara to jaminIta kholavara rujalelyA

Page #83
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA darbhAcI muLe, khaNUna kADhU lAgalA. AjUbAjUcI mAtI alagada khurapata-khurapata tyAne, hAtabhara jamIna khaNalI. zevaTacyA muLAparyaMta khaNUna, tyAne te darbhAce jhuDUpa, sAvadhAnapUrvaka kaDelA TAkUna dile. tyA sarva hAlacAlI kavi nirakhUna pahAta hotA. thoDyAca veLAta tyAne, ApalyA bAyakocyA bhAcyAlA arthAt cANakyAlA oLakhale. paraMtu oLakha na dAkhavitA, hAta jhaTakUna parNakuTIkaDe jANAr2yA cANakyAlA aDavile. to puDhe hoUna cANakyAlA mhaNAlA, 'are ! tyA darbhasUcIcyA itakA kA mAge lAgalA hotAsa?' cANakya mhaNAlA, "maMtrimahodaya, pahA-pahA ! yA darbhasUcIne mAjhA pAya kevaDhA raktabaMbALa kelA Ahe. punhA-punhA he ghaDU naye mhaNUna, tyA darbhAce jhuDUpa muLApAsUna ukhaDUna TAkale. kATA kAya ANi mANUsa kAya jo ApalyA niSkAraNa vATelA jAto, tyAcA samULa uccheda veLevaraca kelA nAhI tara to ApalAca ghAta karato. koNatyAca goSTIcA muLApAsUna baMdobasta kelyAzivAya mI thAMbata nAhI." cANakyAcA to Aveza ANi nirdhAra baghUna, kavIcyA manAtalI tI dIrghakALa daDapUna TAkalelI dveSabhAvanA, usaLUna vara AlI. naMdAcA sUDa gheNyAsAThI Avazyaka veLa ANi Avazyaka mANUsa, yAcyA zodhAta to hotAca. zArIrika sudRDhatA, manobala ANi buddhimattA he tInahI guNa ekavaTalelA cANakya, kavIcyA manAta bharalA. tyAne cANakyAlA mhaTale, 'ithe rAhAyalA AlelA disatosa ! tara maga naMdAcyA rAjasabheta kAhI divasa upasthitI lAvIta jA. mAjhe lakSa tujhyAkaDe Aheca.' kavimaMtryAcyA sAMgaNyAnusAra cANakya, rAjasabheta hajara rAhU lAgalA. rAjasabhetIla ekA staMbhAvara kavIne eka zloka lihilA - zakyamekasahasreNa nayazAstrayutena ca / 74

Page #84
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA vyavasAyena yuktena jetuM zakyA vasundharA / / arthAt - je rAjanItizAstrAta nipuNa Aheta ANi atyaMta udyamazIla Aheta, azI eka hajAra mANase ekatra AlI tara, saMpUrNa pRthvIce rAjya jiMkUna gheU zakatAta. kavIcyA aMdAjAnusAra cANakyAce lakSa tyA zlokAkaDe geleca. tyAne tAbaDatoba tyAcyA samoracyA staMbhAvara, dusarA zloka svata:cyA hAtAne lihilA nareNaikazarIreNa nayazAstrayutena ca / vyavasAyena yuktena jetuM zakyA vasundharA / / arthAt - nItizAstrAta nipuNa ANi atyaMta udyamazIla asalelA manuSya, kevaLa ekaTyAcyA baLAvarasuddhA pRthvIce rAjya jiMkU zakato. kavIne samoracyA staMbhAvara cANakyAne lihilelA navA zloka vAcalA. kevaLa ekaca zabda badalUna tyAne, jo AtmavizvAsa pragaTa kelA hotA, tyAmuLe kavi hA cANakyAvara atizaya saMtuSTa jhAlA. Apale dhyeya gAThaNyAcyA dRSTIne tvarene pAvale TAkAyalA lAgAyacI asA manomana nizcaya tyAne kelA. tyA yojanecA pahilA bhAga mhaNUna kavIne, cANakyAlA yazomatIsaha, ApalyA gharI bhojanAce nimaMtraNa dile. cANakyAlA Azcaryaca vATale. tarI tyAcA mAna rAkhAvayAcA mhaNUna doghe, kavIcyA gharI bhojanAsAThI gele. kavIcI yojanA kAhI vegaLIca hotI. tyAne daramyAnacyA kALAta cANakyAcyA parNakuTIcyA javaLa, ApalyA mANasAMnA sAMgUna, khaDDA khaNUna, kAhI dInAra puraNyAsa sAMgitale. dInArAMcyA thailIta azI ciTThI TAkalI kI, 'prasanna jhAlelyA naMdarAjAne ApaNAsa he dInAra dile Aheta. ApalA yathAyogya gaurava karaNyAcehI tyAcyA manAta Ahe.' kavIcyA mANasAMnI Apale kAma cokha bajAvale.

Page #85
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA jevaNa jhAlyAvara cANakya ANi yazomatI doghehI parata Ale. yazomatIlA disale kI aMgaNAta koNItarI ghAIghAIne ukarale Ahe ANi punhA khaDDA bujavalA Ahe. tine cANakyAlA thAMbavile. doghAMnI miLUna khaDDA ukaralA. thailItIla dInAra pAhile. ciTThI vAcalI. khare tara cANakyAlA he sarva khUpaca saMzayAspada vATata hote. paraMtu yazomatIcyA cehar2yAvaracA AnaMda baghUna, tyAne Apale mana Avarale. yazomatI mhaNAlI, "Arya ! ApaNa jyA hetUne pATaliputrAsa Alo, to hetU saphala hoNyAcI veLa AlI Ahe. AtA ApaNa rAjAcyA nimaMtraNAcI vATa pAhU yA. puSkaLase dInAra ANi kapilA gAyI, to nakkIca ApalyAlA deIla. dAridrya saMpaNyAcA ApalA yoga AlelA disato." cANakyAne ApalyA patnIcyA manAta AlelI goSTa kavIlA sAMgitalI. cANakyAcA apamAna ANi pratijJA kavIcyA yojanetIla puDhacyA bhAgAsa AraMbha jhAlA. ekadA to naMdAsa bheTAyalA gelyAvara, tyAlA ase disale kI to atizaya prasanna Ahe. saMdhI sAdhUna tyAne naMdAsa mhaTale kI, 'mahArAja ! ApalyA rAjyAvarace paracakrAce saMkaTa nukateca TaLale Ahe. kArtikI paurNimecA utsava agadI javaLa AlA Ahe. ApalyA hAtUna kAhI puNyakarma vhAve azI mAjhI icchA Ahe. yA prasaMgI ApalyA rAjyAtIla pAca vidvAna brAhmaNAMcA satkAra karUna, ApaNa vipula puNya arjita karAve.' prasannacitta naMdarAjAne kavIcyA yA prastAvAsa tatkALa saMmatI dilI. tasehI Arthika vyavahArAce adhikAra tyAne kavIkaDe sopavile hoteca. kavI tatparatene puDhIla yojanesa lAgalA. 76

Page #86
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kArtikI paurNimecA divasa ujADalA. naMdarAjAcyA bhojanazALeta rAjA, rAjaputra, maMtrigaNa ANi satkArArthI brAhmaNa yAMcI Asane suvyavasthita paddhatIne mAMDUna ThevalI hotI. mAdhyAhnakALa jhAlA. cANakya sarvAMcyA AdhIca tethe AlA. paMgatItalyA agrAsanAvara mhaNaje prathama AsanAvara Apale darbhAsana TAkUna basalA. AsanavyavasthecI kalpanA nasalyAmuLe tyAne asA vicAra kelA kI, pAca pramukha vidvAna brAhmaNAMmadhye mAjhI gaNanA kelI asalyAmuLe, pAcapaikI kuThalyA nA kuThalyA AsanAvara malA sthAna nakkIca Ahe. yA hetUne tyAne svataH basalele Asana soDUna, puDhIla cAra AsanAMvara kramAne ApalA kamaMDalU, daMDa, japamALa ANi jAnave ThevUna tyA jAgAhI aDavalyA. bhojanasamayAcA ghaMTikAnAda jhAlA. naMdarAjA hA siddhaputra (naimittika) ANi itara lavAjamyAsaha, bhojanazALeta praviSTa jhAlA. kavIne siddhaputrAlA AdhIca deUna ThevalelyA sUcanenusAra siddhaputra naMdarAjAsa mhaNU lAgalA, 'mahArAja, pahA pahA yA zrotriya brAhmaNAcI sAvalI, rAjaputrAMsAThI ThevalelyA AsanAMvara paDalI Ahe. yAcI hI azubhachAyA naMdavaMzAsAThI aniSTa Ahe. yAlA kRpayA yA AsanAvarUna uThavAve.' naMdarAjAne kavIlA javaLa bolAvile. siddhaputrAce bhaviSya sAMgitale. koNatyAtarI yuktIne cANakyAlA tethUna uThavAyalA sAMgitale. kavi manAtalyA manAta khuza jhAlA. cANakyAjavaLa AlA. jhukUna namratApUrvaka mhaNAlA, ' mahArAja sAMgata Aheta kI, he Asana tyAMce Ahe. tevhA yA AsanAvara basU nakA. he baghA ! he baghA ! itarahI brAhmaNa ikaDeca yeta Aheta.' cANakyAne kamaMDalU ucalalA va darbhAsana TAkUna dusar2yA AsanAvara basalA. kavi punhA javaLa AlA va mhaNAlA, 'nityAcyA paripATInusAra he Asana subaMdhUsAThI rAkhIva asate. tumhI kRpayA puDhacyA AsanAvara basA.' ekIkaDe atizaya 77

Page #87
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA namratecA Ava ANIta kavIne kauzalyAne cANakyAlA cAra Asane soDAvayAsa lAvalI. manAvara atizaya saMyama ThevUna cANakya, pAcavyA AsanAkaDe vaLalA. AtA kavIcyA pUrvasUcanenusAra rAjAcI dAsI, cANakyAjavaLa AlI. to pAcavyA AsanAvara basata asatAnAca dAsI mhaNAlI, 'he dvijazreSTha ! he Asana dekhIla, dusar2yA vidvAna brAhmaNAsAThI rAkhIva Ahe. mI ase sucavite kI, bhojanazALecyA bAheracyA bAjUlA eka pratIkSAkakSa Ahe. tethe tumhI thAMbA va bhojanAcyA nimaMtraNAcI vATa pahA.' AtA mAtra cANakyAcyA saMyamAcA kaDeloTa jhAlA. kAThIne DivacalelA nAga jasA phaNA kADhato, tyApramANe cANakyAcA svAbhimAna DivacalA gelyAmuLe, to tADakana uThUna ubhA rAhilA. rAgAne bebhAna jhAlA. tyAce DoLe rAgAne Arakta jhAle. zeMDI hAtAta dharUna, bhojanazALetIla sarvAMnAca aikU jAIla evaDhyA moThyA karkaza AvAjAta naMdAlA uddezUna cANakya mhaNAlA, "mahArAja ! ApaNa svata:lA moThe nyAyI ANi vidvAna-pUjaka mAnatA. sarvArthAne vedavidyApAraMgata asalelyA, mAjhyAsArakhyA brAhmaNAlA, bhara paMgatIta, ase tATAvarUna uThaviNe ANi bhojanazALecyA bAhera kADhaNe, ApalyAlA muLIca zobhata nAhI. Aja mI azI pratijJA karato kI - kozena bhRtyaizca nibaddhamUlaM, putraizca mitraizca vivRddhazAkham / utpATya nandaM parivartayAmi, haThAd drumaM vAyurivogravegaH / / ' (rAjakoza ANi bhRtyaparivAra hI jyA vRkSAcI kholavara rujalelI muLe Aheta, taseca putra ANi mitra yAMcyA zAkhA-upazAkhAMmuLe jo zobhAyamAna disato Ahe, azA hyA naMdarUpI mahAvRkSAlA jhaMjhAvAtI vAr2yApramANe mI muLApAsUna ukhaDUna TAkena.) 78

Page #88
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA cANakyAcyA yA bhayaMkara pratijJene prathama sarva upasthita loka staMbhita jhAle. dusar2yAca kSaNI naMdarAjA bhAnAvara AlA ANi tyAne nokarAMnA AjJA kelI kI, 'yA uddAma brAhmaNAlA gacAMDI dharUna, tAbaDatoba rAjavADyAbAhera husakAvUna lAvA. ' rAjAce baladaMDa rakSaka tyAcyAkaDe dhAvaNyApUrvIca cANakya tvarene tethUna bAhera paDalA. kitItarI veLa krodhAvezAne dhumasata rAhilA. kAhI kALAne thoDA zAMta jhAlyAvara, to nagarAbAherIla ApalyA parNakuTIta gelA . utsukatene vATa pAhaNAr2yA yazomatIlA, ghaDalelI hakigata sAMgitalI. ApalyA patIcI tI ghora pratijJA aikUna, yazomatIcA kSaNabhara tharakApa jhAlA. pratijJepAsUna na haTaNyAcA cANakyAcA svabhAva mAhIta asalyAne, tine manomana Tharavile kI patIlA yAbAbata pAThiMbAca dyAyacA. tI mhaNAlI, "Arya ! zAMta vhA. ApalyAsArakhyA kartRtvavAna vyaktIlA kAhIhI azakya nAhI. tasehI mI sAsU-sAsar2yAMkaDUna aikaleca Ahe kI, tumacyA lahAnapaNIca naimittikAMnI ase bhaviSya vartavile hote kI, tumhI biMbAMtarita rAjA vhAla. bahudhA tyA bhaviSyAcI veLa javaLa yeta cAlalI Ahe. rAjA banaNyAsa yogya azA vyaktIcA zodha mAtra tumhAsa ghyAvayAsa pAhije. ' 22 (7) bhAvI rAjAcA zodha cANakyAcI tailabuddhI AtA tvarene kAmAlA lAgalI. tyAcA lokasaMgrahahI cAMgalA hotA. ApalI vizvAsU mANase naMdAbhovatI perUna, to bAtamyA gheU lAgalA. naMdAcyA AzrayAne je aneka kalAnipuNa loka rahAta hote, tyAmadhye mayUrapoSakAMcA eka pramukha 79

Page #89
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA ApalyA kuTuMbAsaha rahAta hotA. DoMgarALa bhAgAta mULa vastI karUna rAhaNArA mayUrapoSaka capaLa, hADAperAne majabUta ANi morAMnA cAMgalyA prakAre vADhavUna, prazikSaNa deNyAta tarabeja hotA. utsavaprasaMgI, pisArA phulavalelyA dona morAMnA, kAThyAMvara gheUna, tyAMcyA pAyAta nAjUka paiMjaNa bAMdhUna, tyAMnA nRtya karAvayAsa lAvaNyAta to pravINa hotA. tyAcI rUpavatI kanyA, ekA kSatriyApAsUna garbhavatI hotI. tilA gheUna to, DoMgarALa pradezAtIla ApalyA mULa gAvAkaDe gelA hotA. cANakyAne kAhI ADAkhe manAzI bAMdhale. cAMgalA ghoDA gheUna, thoDA zidhA barobara gheUna, to mayUrapoSakAcyA zodhArtha, DoMgarALa pradezAkaDe nighAlA. caukazI karatA-karatA tyAlA, tyAce nemake sthAna sApaDale. ghoDA surakSita ThikANI bAMdhUna, tyAcI vyavasthA lAvUna, tyAne parivrAjakAcA veSa dhAraNa kelA. vastIvara jAUna mayUrapoSakAcyA gharAparyaMta pohocalA. tyAne parivrAjakAce Agata-svAgata kele. tyAlA

Page #90
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA bhikSA deNyAsAThI AlelyA tyAcyA garbhavatI kanyelA cANakyAne nyAhALale. lakSaNazAstrAta pravINa asalyAmuLe, tyAcyA lakSAta Ale kI, hilA eka atyaMta sulakSaNI putra hoNAra Ahe. tyAne maga ticyA pityAjavaLa, ticI Asthene vicArapUsa kelI. mayUrapoSaka saciMtapaNe mhaNAlA, 'he parivrAjakA ! mAjhyA kanyelA kAhI vilakSaNaca DohALe lAgale Aheta. tI caMdrAce pAna karaNyAcA (caMdra piNyAcA) haTTa dharUna basalI Ahe.' cANakyAcyA manAta eka abhinava yojanA sAkAralI. tI pratyakSAta ANatA yeIla, asehI tyAlA vATale. to AtmavizvAsAne mhaNAlA, 'ekA aTIvara mI hicI dohadapUrtI karena. ' mayUrapoSakAne aTa vicAralI. cANakya mhaNAlA, 'hilA hoNArA putra sahA-sAta varSAcA jhAlyAvara, jara tU mAjhyAkaDe sopaviNAra asazIla, taraca mI tice DohALe pUrNa karena.' mayUrapoSakAne saMmatI dilI. cANakya puDhIla pUrtatesa lAgalA. paurNimecI rAtra hotI. cANakyAne moThyA aMgaNAta eka paTamaMDapa ghAtalA. pUrNacaMdrAce yogya sthAna lakSAta gheUna, paTamaMDapAcyA madhomadha eka chidra Thevale. ekA mANasAlA AdhIca sAMgUna, tyAne te chidra jhADAcyA phAMdIne tAtpurate jhAkale. ekA puruSAlA madatIlA gheUna tyAne svata: ATIva dudhAcI utkRSTa khIra banavilI. paurNimecA pUrNa caMdra AkAzAcyA madhomadha AlA. tyAne khirIce pAtra, tyA jhAkalelyA chidrAcyA barobara khAlI ekA pATAvara Thevale. mAMDavAvara caDhalelyA mANasAlA, najarene saMketa dilA. tyAne tyA chidrAvarIla phAMdI dUra kelI. paurNimecA caMdra ANi tyAce zItala cAMdaNe khirIvara paDale. tI kanyA utsukatene ANi AnaMdAne pahAta hotI. kAhI kALa tyAne caMdraprakAza paDU dilA. punhA saMketa dilyAvara puruSAne chidra jhAkUna TAkale. cANakya hasata-hasata kanyelA mhaNAlA, 'he 81

Page #91
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kanye, bagha ! AtA ithe caMdra hotA, AtA to lagecaca gupta jhAlA. to khirIta ziralA Ahe. tU AtA AnaMdAne hI khIra piUna TAka.' kanyA atizaya prasanna jhAlI. tine khIra pyAyalI. pAhaNAre sarvaca jaNa cANakyAcyA yuktIne atizaya prabhAvita jhAle. dusarA divasa ujADalA. mayUrapoSakAcA niropa ghetAnA cANakya mhaNAlA, "he bhalyA mANasA ! malA dilelA zabda tU lakSAta Theva. mI sahA-sAta varSAMnI parata yeIna. eka mAtra kara kI, bAlakAce nAva 'caMdragupta' ase Theva." sarvAMnI cANakyAlA AnaMdAne niropa dilA. cANakya ghoDA ThevalelyA jAgI AlA. parivrAjakAcA veSa soDUna tyAne vIraveSa dhAraNa kelA. AtA tyAlA ApalI yojanA taDIsa neNyAsAThI, Avazyaka tI Arthika vyavasthA karAyacI hotI. tyAne mANasAMcI jamavAjamava kelI. sonyAcyA ANi cAMdIcyA khANIMce pradeza zodhata, tyAne khUpa bhaTakaMtI kelI. ApalyA khanijavidyecyA sAhAyyAne khANIMcI yogya sthAne zodhalI. anekAMce sahakArya ghetale. khANItIla maulyavAna dhAtUMcA yogya to vATA deNyAce mAnya karUna, mANase kAmAlA lAvalI. khANItIla azuddha dhAtU, zuddha karUna ghetale. sonyA-cAMdIcI nANI pADUna ghetalI. tI yogya ThikANI surakSita ThevUna va kAhI nANI thailIta barobara gheUna, to punhA aneka pradezAMce ANi mANasAMce nirIkSaNa karItakarIta mayUrapoSakAcyA gAvI yeUna pohocalA. hI sagaLI vyavasthA karaNyAta sahA-sAta varSe ulaTUna gelI hotI. gAvAbAheracyA AmarAIta, cANakyAlA eka vilakSaNa dRzya disale. jhADAADa lapUna to te dRzya pAhU lAgalA. ATha-dahA lahAna mule, 'rAjA-rAjA' asA eka vegaLAca kheLa kheLata hotI. dagaDAvara dagaDa ThevUna, eka uMca Asana tayAra kele hote. pAnAphulAMcA

Page #92
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA mukuTa ghAlUna ANi eka kAThI rAjadaMDa mhaNUna hAtAta gheUna, eka lahAna mulagA aiTIta siMhAsanAvara basalA hotA. itara kAhI mulAMnA hattI ANi ghoDe banAyalA lAvUna, madhUnamadhUna tyAMcyAvara basUna, ApalyA rAjyAta pheraphaTakA mArata hotA. rAjA banalyAmuLe tyAcyA cehar2yAvara, AtmavizvAsAce teja phAkale hote. parivrAjakAcA veSa dhAraNa kelelA cANakya jhADAADUna bAhera AlA. tyAMcyA kheLAzI ekarUpa hoUna, siMhAsanAsamora jAUna, vinamrapaNe kheLAtalyA rAjAlA to mhaNAlA, 'mahArAja ! malA kAhItarI cAMgalI bhikSA dyA.' bAlakAlA phAraca AnaMda jhAlA. tyAne aiTIta AjUbAjUlA nirakhUna pAhile. cANakyAlA mhaNAlA, 'he dvijazreSTha ! yA bAjUlA carata asalelyA gAyIMcA, hA moThAcyA moThA kaLapa, mI tumhAlA dAna deta Ahe. hA kaLapa tumhI gheUna jA.' cANakya ghAbaralyAsArakhe karUna mhaNAlA, "mahArAja ! mI yA gAyI kazA gheUna jAU ? kaLapAcyA svAmIlA jara he kaLale, tara to malA jhoDapUnaca kADhIla.' bAlaka mhaNAlA, "he brAhmaNA ! tulA ghAbaraNyAcI kAhIhI garaja nAhI. rAjAne deU kelelyA dAnAlA, nakAra deNyAce dhADasa, koNAcyA aMgI asate kA ? zivAya mAjhyA parAkramAne mI yA kaLapAcyA svAmIcI, anya kAhI vyavasthA karenaca kI ! 'vIrabhojyA vasundharA' he ApaNAsa mAhIta nAhI kA ?' cANakyAne tatkALa oLakhale kI, hA nakkI caMdragupta Ahe. hA sulakSaNI rAjabiMDA tara Aheca, paNa zikSaNAcehI cAMgale saMskAra yAvara jhAlele disatAta. ApalyA tAbyAta AlyAvara, hA nakkIca kharAkhurA parAkramI rAjA banela. cANakyAne tyAcyA mitramaMDaLIMjavaLa adhika caukazI kelI. tyA mulAMnA ANi caMdraguptAlA mAhIta hote kI, tyAcyA AjobAMnI caMdraguptAlA, phAra pUrvIca ekA parivrAjakAkaDe sopavile Ahe. 83

Page #93
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA cANakya caMdraguptAcA hAta dharUna mayUrapoSakAkaDe AlA. mayUrapoSakAne nAtavAcyA viyogAce duHkha manAta lapavUna, caMdraguptAcyA ujjvala bhaviSyAsAThI tyAlA parivrAjakAcyA arthAt cANakyAcyA svAdhIna kele. bAhera paDatAca cANakya, caMdraguptAsaha ghoDyAvara svAra jhAlA. tyAlA AtmavizvAsAne mhaNAlA, 'caMdraguptA ! itake divasa kheLAtalA rAjA hotAsa. lakSAta Theva, tulA pATaliputrAcA kharAkhurA rAjA vhAvayAce Ahe. mI satata tujhyA pAThIzI rAhIna.' tyA dRDhanizcayI bAlaka caMdraguptAne, tyAca kSaNI cANakyAlA gurusthAnI mAnale ANi kharokharaca akheracyA kSaNAparyaMta, tyAcI hI guruniSThA abhaMga rAhilI. (8) pATaliputrAvarIla ayazasvI svArI AtA cANakya, caMdraguptAsaha sainyAtIla pAyadaLa ubhe karaNyAcyA tayArIlA lAgalA. tyAne prApta kelelI sonyA-cAMdIcI nANI, yA kAmI tyAcyA upayogAlA AlI. paizAcyA lobhAne pAyadaLAta bharatI jhAlelyA, tyA tuTapuMjyA pAyadaLa sainyAcyA madatIne, tyAne cArahI bAjUne pATaliputra nagarAsa veDhA ghAtalA. tyA tulanene, khUpa balADhya sainya asalelyA naMdasamrATAne, Apale anubhavI ghoDadaLa tyAMcyAvara pAThavUna, hA hA mhaNatA, cANakya-caMdraguptAce bhADotrI pAyadaLa husakAvUna lAvale. ApalI hI raNanItI ayazasvI jhAlyAce pAhUna, cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA ghoDyAvara ghAtale. vAyuvegAne tethUna palAyana kele. naMdAcyA senApatIne doghejaNa ghoDyAvarUna paLUna gelyAce pAhile. naMdAlA nivedana

Page #94
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kele. naMda mhaNAlA, tyAMnA ase sahajI hAtUna nisaTU deU nakA. cAra kuzala ghoDesvArAMnA, sarva dizAMnA pAThavA. disatA kSaNI, tyA doghAMnA pakaDUna mAjhyA svAdhIna karA.' naMdAcyA AjJenusAra ghoDesvAra, cANakya-caMdraguptAcyA zodhAsAThI nighAle. tyA alpazA vijayAnehI naMdarAjA harSabharita jhAlA ANi nagarajanAMnA utsava sAjarA karAyalA sAMgUna, svataH bhogavilAsAta magna jhAlA. (9) cANakya ANi caMdraguptAcA pAThalAga pAThalAga karaNAr2yA ghoDesvArAMpaikI, sarvAta vegavAna ghoDesvArAne, cANakyacaMdraguptAcyA ghoDyAlA durUnaca pAhile. cANakyAlAhI tyAcyA TApAMcI cAhUla lAgalI. kSaNArdhAta tyAcyA buddhIne, eka nirNaya ghetalA va tAbaDatoba to amalAta ANalA.

Page #95
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA doghAMnIhI ghoDyAvarUna khAlI uDI mAralI. ghoDyAlA ekA dATa jhuDapAta lapavile. samora kamaLAMnI bharalele eka taLe hote. caMdraguptAlA tyA taLyAta uDI mArUna, lapUna basaNyAsa sAMgitale. kamaLAcyA pAnAADUna mAjhyAkaDe lakSa Theva' - asehI sAMgitale. svata: jhaTapaTa veSa badalUna, dhyAnastha yogI banalA. padmAsana ghAlUna dhyAna karU lAgalA. naMdAcA ghoDesvAra cANakyAjavaLa yeUna pohocalA. samAdhIta buDUna gelelyA cANakyAlA pAhUna, tyAlA zaMkA dekhIla AlI nAhI. tyAne ghoDyAvarUnaca vicArale, 'aho yogimahArAja ! ghoDyAvarUna jANAre doghe, tumhI yethUna pAhileta kA ?' cANakyAne maunAta asalyAce bhAsavUna, hAtAne phakta taLyAkaDe boTa dAkhavile. ghoDesvAra AnaMdita jhAlA. to sAvakAzIne ghoDyAvarUna utaralA. kapaDe kADhale. kamarecI talavAra zejArI ThevalI. taLyAta sUra mAraNAra tevaDhyAta, vijecyA capaLAIne tIca talavAra ucalUna, cANakyAne ghoDesvArAcA ziraccheda kelA. zAMtapaNe hasata-hasata caMdraguptAlA uddezUna mhaNAlA, 'vatsA ! AtA khuzAla bAhera ye. dhokA TaLalA.' ghoDesvArAcA sarva poSAkha caDhavUna, kamarelA talavAra lAvUna, cANakya tyAcyAca ghoDyAvara svAra jhAlA. caMdraguptAlA puDhe ghetale. vegAne ghoDA dauDavilA. cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA prazna vicAralA, 'bALA ! tU taLyAta asatAnA, kamaLAcyA pAnAADUna kAya pAhilesa ?' to mhaNAlA, 'tumhI hAtAne khUNa karUna, mI Ata asalyAce ghoDesvArAlA dAkhavile.' cANakya mhaNAlA, 'maga tU jivAcyA bhitIne bAhera yeUna paLUna kA gelA

Page #96
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA nAhIsa ?' caMdraguptAne smitahAsya karIta mhaTale, 'gurujI ! mI kSaNabharahI vicalita jhAlo nAhI. malA pUrNa khAtrI Ahe kI, tumhI je karAla te mAjhyA bhalyAsAThIca ANi lagolaga tumhI tase keletaca kI !' (10) dahIbhAtAce bhojana naMdAcyA ghoDesvArAMcA pAThalAga cukaviNyAsAThI, cANakya caMdraguptAsaha, salaga dona divasa rAnAvanAtUna ghoDadauDa karIta rAhilA. tyA sahanazIla kumAra caMdraguptAne hUM kA cUM na karatA, tahAna-bhUka ANi ghoDyAcA vegavAna pravAsa sahana kelA. tisar2yA divazI tyAcA bhukene kaLavaLalelA mlAna ceharA, cANakyAlA baghavenA. gAvAcI cAhUla lAgatAca, tyAne gAvAbAheraca ghoDA thAMbavilA. tyAlA surakSita ThikANI ThevUna, cANakya bhojana zodhaNyAsAThI, gAvAta jANyAcA vicAra karU lAgalA. itakyAta gAvAcyA vezIvarUna bAhera yeta asalelA, eka tuMdilatanU brAhmaNa tyAlA disalA. tyAcyA hAtAta pANyAcI loTI hotI. jAnave kAnAvara TAkale hote. nukatAca bharapeTa jevalyAmuLe, taDasa lAgalelyA poTAvarUna, to hAta phiravata hotA. cANakyAcyA manAta eka kalpanA camakUna gelI. 'vA ! bhojana tara Ayateca samorUna cAlata Ale. gAvAta jA. bhikSA mAgA. anna miLAle tara ThIka. punhA parata jANyAsa veLa lAgalA tara, naMdAne pAThalAgAvara soDalele ghoDesvAra, kadAcit caMdraguptAlA gheUnahI jAtIla. thoDyAzA galathAnapaNAmuLe, moTheca nukasAna hoUna basela.' __ kSaNArdhAta cANakyAne javaLacA aNakucIdAra cAkU kADhalA. brAhmaNAce poTa azA ta-hene phADale kI, kohaLyAtUna tyAcA gara bAhera yAvA tyApramANe tyAcyA jaTharAtUna, nukateca bhojana kelelA ghaTTa dahIbhAta bAhera AlA. cANakyAne ekA jADa pAnAcA droNa karUna to tyAta ghetalA. atyaMta premAne caMdraguptAlA khAU ghAtalA. javaLacyAca ekA

Page #97
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA taLyAtale, tyAtalyA tyAta svaccha pANI baghUna, droNAtUna caMdraguptAlA pAjale. tyAcakSaNI nidrecyA AdhIna jhAlelyA, caMdraguptAce Doke mAMDIvara gheUna, tyAcI jhopa hoNyAcI vATa pAhU lAgalA. jhADAlA TekUna svata:hI sAvadhapaNe cANakyAne DulakI kADhalI. (11) mhAtArIce cAturya caMdraguptAlA gheUna cANakyAcA pravAsa ajUnahI cAlUca hotA. dusar2yA divazIcI saMdhyAkALa jhAlI. ekA choTyA vastItale miNamiNate dive, cANakyAcyA najaresa paDale.

Page #98
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA tyAcyA jivAta jIva AlA. ghoDA dUra bAMdhUna cANakya, caMdraguptAsaha gAvAta AlA. tyAlA eka zetaghara disale. ghara kasale jhApAcI jhopaDIca hotI tI! cANakyAne phaTItUna AtIla dRzya pAhile. eka mhAtArI cAra nAtavaMDAMnA bhovatI gheUna, paLIne kAhItarI vADhata hotI. 'Ata jANyAta kAhIca dhokA nAhI' asA aMdAja gheUna cANakya, caMdraguptAsaha Ata AlA. mhAtArIne atithIMce hasatamukhAne svAgata kele. caMdraguptAlA ApalyA nAtavaMDAMbarobara jevAyalA, mAtIcI pasaraTa thALI dilI. cANakya ekA kopar2yAta basUna sarva dRzya pahAta hotA. gharAta khUpaca garibI disata hotI. taruNa mANUsa koNIca navhatA. mhAtArIne culIvara tAMdaLAcI peja kazIbazI rAMdhalI hotI. bhukelelI nAtavaMDe AjI kadhI vADhate, yAcIca vATa pahAta hote. AjIne pAcahI mulAMnA eka-eka ogarALe bharUna, garama-garama peja vADhalI. sarvAta choTyA nAtavaMDAne pejecyA madhomadha hAta ghAtalA. boTe bhAjalI mhaNUna kaLavaLUna raDU lAgalA. mhAtArIlA prathama khUpaca rAga AlA. tyAcyA pAThIvara cApaTa mArUna, sahajaca udgAralI, 'tyA melyA cANakyAsArakhAca disatosa. peja kaDekaDene khAyacI asate, he tulA mAhIta nAhI kA ?' cANakyAne svata:cI oLakha na detA sahajapaNe vicArale, 'mhAtAre ! cANakyAlA ga kazAlA madhe ANatesa ? tyAne kAya kele Ahe ?' mhAtArI mhaNAlI, 'dusare kAya mhaNU ? AjUbAjUcI gAve prathama jiMkatajiMkata, naMtara moThe sainya gheUnaca, pATaliputrAvara hallA karAyalA havA hotA. ekadamaca madhe hAta ghAtalA tara poLalyAzivAya rAhIla kA ? yAtalI cUka malA kaLate tara tyA buddhimAna mhaNavaNAr2yA cANakyAlA kaLU navhe kAya ?' rAtrI tetheca AsarA gheUna, dusar2yA divazI sakALI, mhAtArIce mana:pUrvaka AbhAra mAnUna, caMdraguptAlA gheUna cANakya nighAlA. mhAtArIce zahANapaNa lakSAta gheUna, tyAne 89

Page #99
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA ApalI yuddhanItI, pUrNa badalaNyAcA nizcaya kelA. sainya ubhAraNIcyA vegaLyA yojanA AkhalyA. (12) parvatakAcA zodha, bheTa ANi sahAyya tyAnaMtara cANakya, AjUbAjUcyA pradezAtIla rAjAMcyA sainyabalAcI, bittaMbAtamI kADhU lAgalA. cANakyAcA janasaMparka ANi khabarI dUtAMce jALe atizaya sakSama hote. azIca eke divazI ekA khabar2yAne bAtamI ANalI kI, "himAlayAcyA DoMgarALa pradezAta, 'parvataka' nAvAcA rAjA Ahe. tyAce sainya atyaMta zistabaddha ANi zastrasajja Ahe. parvataka svataH atizaya parAkramI buddhimAna asUna, to zistapriya Ahe. vyUharacaneta kuzala Ahe ANi dilelyA zabdAlA jAgaNArA Ahe. " cANakyAne tvarene nirNaya ghetalA kI, parvatakAcI bheTa gheUna tyAlA prabhAvita karAvayAce. tyAcyAzI hAtamiLavaNI karUna, tyAcyA susajja sainyabaLAcyA AdhArAneca, magadhAce rAjya kramAkramAne jiMkUna ghyAyace. naMtara cANakyAne DoMgarALa bhAgAtIla zUra taruNAMce sainya ubhArAvayAcI tayArI cAlU kelI. caMdraguptAlAhI to svataH, vyUharacanece prazikSaNa deU lAgalA. purese sainya jamalyAvara, to parvatakAcyA sImAvartI pradezAtIla, eka giridurgAvara jAUna rAhilA. tyAne ApalyA khabar2yAMmArphata azI bAtamI parvatakAparyaMta pohocavalI kI, 'amuka ekA giridurgAvara, eka tallakha buddhIcA amAtya va eka vijigISu rAjaputra - ase doghe nivAsa karIta Aheta.' parvatakAcyA sallAgArAne asA sallA dilA kI, 'ApalyA rAjyavistArAsAThI, tyA doghAMzI rAjakIya saMbaMdha prasthApita karaNyAsa harakata nAhI. ' 90

Page #100
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA parvatakAne maitrIcA hAta puDhe kelyAvara, cANakya ApalyA sAmarthyAnizI caMdraguptAsaha parvatakAcyA bheTIlA AlA. tyAne ApalyA vAkcAturyAne parvatakAlA Apalese karUna ghetale. daramyAna caMdragupta sumAre vIsa varSAcA jhAlA hotA. cANakyAcyA sallAmasalatIMvara ANi caMdraguptAcyA yuddhakaletIla prAviNyAvara, parvataka khuza jhAlA. cANakyAne magadha rAjya, naMdarAje, tyAcI pATaliputra hI rAjadhAnI ANi naMdarAjAcI durbala sthAne sarvAMcI itthaMbhUta mAhitI parvatakAlA dilI. sAma-dAna-daMDa-bheda yA cAra rAjanaitika upAyAMnI pATaliputra tAbyAta gheNe kase zakya Ahe, he cANakyAne parvatakAcyA gaLI utaravile. 91 - yA

Page #101
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA pATaliputrAvara kramAkramAne cAlUna jANyAcI yojanA banavilI. cANakyAne parvatakAlA mhaTale, 'AtA ApalI purezI tayArI jhAlI Ahe. ApaNa magadhAvara AkramaNa karU. naMdarAjAlA samULa ukhaDUna TAkU. mI svata: magadhAce rAjya, tumhA doghAMmadhye ardhe-ardhe vibhAgUna deIna.' (13) parvatakAsaha magadhAvara svArI magadhAcyA AjUbAjUcI choTI-moThI rAjye jiMkata-jiMkata, caMdragupta ANi parvataka yAMcI AgekUca, pATaliputrAcyA dizene cAlU jhAlI. tyAtIla eka choTe rAjya itake balazAlI hote kI, tyAcA parAbhava karatA yeta navhatA. yAta kAhItarI mekha Ahe, he cANakyAne oLakhale. tyAne tridaMDI parivrAjakAcA veSa ghetalA. gAvAtIla sarva rastyAMvarUna, bArakAIne nirIkSaNa karIta phirU lAgalA. eke ThikANI tyAlA gAvAce rakSaNa karaNAr2yA, iMdrakumArI devatAMcyA pratimA disalyA. tyAMcI vidhipUrvaka pUjA kelI jAta hotI. cANakyAlA gAvAcA parAbhava na hoNyAce kAraNa lageca samajale. tyAne kAhI sevakAMnA, tyA pratimA nITa ucalUna, gAvAcyA vezIpAsUna dUra, ekA jhADAcyA pArAvara, nITa ThevAvayAsa sAMgitalyA. donaca divasAta te gAva jiMkatA Ale. cANakyAcI aTakaLa kharI TharalI. he gAva jiMkalyAnaMtara, pATaliputrAkaDe jANyAcA mArga mokaLA jhAlA. cANakyAne maga caMdragupta ANi parvataka yA dona mahArathIMnA sAMgitale kI, 'AtA ApalyA saMyukta sainyadalAcyA sahAyyAne, pUrNa pATaliputrAlA veDhA ghAlA. yogya astra-zastrAMnI choTe

Page #102
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA choTe halle karata, rAjaprAsAdAparyaMta jAUna pohocA. mAjhyA herAMnI vaza karUna ghetalelI, naMdarAjAcI phitUra mANase, tumhAlA yAbAbata sahAyya karatIla.' kSINakoSa, kSINabala, kSINabuddhI ANi kSINaparAkrama asA naMda, kSINapuNya hoUna, nAkAta dama yeUna cANakyAjavaLa AlA ANi tyAne saMpUrNa zaraNAgatI patkaralI. naMdarAjA mhaNAlA, 'mI saMpUrNa zaraNa Alo Ahe. mAjhe prANa haraNa karU nakA. malA dharmadvAra dyA. mI zAMtapaNe nighUna jAIna. ' cANakyAne AjJA kelI kI, 'parAkramI mANase zaraNAgatAlA nehamIca abhaya detAta. tU barobara eka ratha ghe. tyA rathAta tulA jevaDhe kAhI barobara ghetA yeIla, tevaDhe tU barobara gheUna jAU zakatosa.' naMdarAjAne ApalyA dona patnI, eka kanyA ANi zakya tevaDhe maulyavAna dhana rathAta Thevale. naMdarAjA nagarAbAhera paDU lAgalA. tyAcaveLI rathAvara ArUDha jhAlelA caMdragupta, nagarAta praveza karIta hotA. naMdakanyene tyA tejasvI caMdraguptAkaDe, premapUrNa kaTAkSa TAkale. caMdraguptAlA ticyA najaretIla, abhilASA 93

Page #103
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA ANi prema tatkALa samajale. tyAcI hRdayavINA jhaMkArU lAgalI. naMdAnehI ApalyA kanyece mana jANale. mhaNAlA, 'vatse ! tujhyAsArakhI svarUpasuMdara rAjakanyA, svayaMvarAsa pAtra Ahe. prAyaH kSatriyakanyAMce svayaMvaraca hota asate. he AyuSmatI ! tU rathAtUna utara. tulA priya asalelyA yA yoddhyAcyA rathAvara ArUDha ho. tulA rathAvara ghetAnA, hA tulA hAta deIla. tujhe pANigrahaNa pAhaNyAcA lAbhahI malA miLela. tulA yogya vara lAbhalyAne, mAjhe hRdayazalya dUra hoIla.' naMdakanyA harSabharAne rathAtUna utaralI. tI caMdraguptAcyA rathAvara ArUDha hota asatAnA, eka moTheca Azcarya ghaDale. carakAta piLalyA jANAr2yA ikSuyaSTIMpramANe acAnaka caMdraguptAcyA rathAce naU Are, moThA AvAja karUna tuTUna paDale. caMdraguptAcyA manAta Ale, 'yA azubhalakSaNI kanyelA, mI rathAvara kA ghyAve ?' tyAcA saMbhrama pAhUna cANakya mhaNAlA, 'caMdraguptA ! hilA aDavU nakosa. hI ghaDalelI ghaTanA, hA zubhasaMketaca Ahe. yAtUna asA zubhasaMketa miLata Ahe kI, tujhyA vaMzAtIla naU rAjapuruSa pATaliputrAce Adhipatya karaNAra Aheta. ' cANakya kharokharIca yA azubha saMketAne harSabharita jhAlA. kAraNa naU naMdAMcyA vaMzakSayAcI tyAcI pratijJA, yA saMketAne pUrNa hoNAra hotI. tyAnaMtara caMdragupta ANi parvataka yAMcA, naMdAcyA prAsAdAta praveza jhAlA. rAjasabheta dona siMhAsane tayAra karaNyAta AlI. he dona jivalaga mitra, guNyAgoviMdAne ekatritapaNe rAjya karU lAgale. 94 (14) parvatakAcA vadha ANi caMdraguptAcA rAjyAbhiSeka

Page #104
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA naMdarAjAcyA pracaMDa prAsAdAtIla sarva dAlanAMcI, kALajIpUrvaka pAhaNI karata asatAnA, cANakyAlA eka AzcaryakAraka goSTa disalI. aMta:purAtIla ekA gupta kakSAta, ekA kanyelA naMdarAjAne Thevalele disale. ticyA sarva lakSaNAMvarUna cANakyAne jANale kI, hyA kanyelA ticyA janmadivasApAsUna tAruNyAparyaMta, roja thoDI-thoDI viSAcI mAtrA caDhavUna naMdarAjAne hI viSakanyA tayAra kelI Ahe. hI viSakanyA atizaya lAvaNyavatI asUna, buddhimAnahI Ahe. cANakyAce vicAracakra jorAta cAlU jhAle. tI viSakanyA vAraMvAra parvatakAcyA najaresa paDela, azI vyavasthA tyAne kelI. tice rahasya mAtra atizaya gupta Thevale. parvataka, ticyA apUrva lAvaNyAvara anurakta jhAlA. ekhAdyA devatepramANe tilA hRdayAta ThevUna, rAtraMdivasa ticeca dhyAna karU lAgalA. caMdraguptAcyA lakSAta hI goSTa AlI. cANakyAnehI caMdraguptAzI hyAbAbata manamokaLI bAtacIta kelI. tice khare svarUpa mAtra, caMdraguptApAsUna lapavile. caMdragupta ANi cANakya yAMnI miLUna, tyA doghAMcyA vivAhAcI joradAra tayArI cAlU kelI. vivAhasohaLA cAlU jhAlA. viSakanyecA hAta hAtAta gheUna, parvataka homAgnIcyA bhovatI sAta phere gheU lAgalA. vAtAvaraNAta uSNatA hotI. homakuMDAcyA dhagIne viSakanyecyA hAtAlA, cAMgalAca ghAma phuTalA. tyA ghAmAcyA jahAla viSArI sparzAne parvatakAcyA aMgAta haLUhaLU viSa bhinU lAgale. tyAcI gAtre zithila hoU lAgalI. ApalyAlA bhovaLa yeIla, ase vATU lAgale. tyAne khUNa karUna priya mitra caMdraguptAlA javaLa bolAvUna, tyAcyA kAnAta sAMgitale kI, 'mitrA ! mAjhI gAtre zithila jhAlI Aheta. thoDyAca veLAta, mI marUna jAIna kI kAya, ase vATate.' parvatakAvarIla tyA saMkaTAne, atizaya bhAvanAvivaza jhAlelA caMdragupta, tyAlA sAvaraNyAsAThI tatkALa puDhe dhAvalA. caMdraguptAcyA

Page #105
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA manAta ase hote kI, vaidya va mAMtrikAMkaDUna yAcyAvara upacAra karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. paraMtu koNatAhI mahattvAcA nirNaya, cANakyAcyA anumatIzivAya to gheta nasalyAne, tyAne cANakyAkaDe dRSTikSepa TAkalA. cANakyAne DAvI bhuvaI uMcAvUna, caMdraguptAlA kAhIhI hAlacAla na karaNyAcA saMketa deUna daTAvale. cANakyAcA Adeza jANUna caMdragupta stabdha rAhilA. cANakyAne yAveLI vicAra kelA kI, "ardhyA rAjyAcA bhAgIdAra asalelyA mitrAcA jara ApaNa veLevaraca kATA kADhalA nAhI, tara bhaviSyakALAta to ApalA kATA

Page #106
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kADhalyAzivAya rahAta nAhI, asA rAjanItItIla siddhAMta Ahe. caMdraguptAvara koNatAhI kalaMka na yetA, anAyAseca jara parvatakAcA kATA dUra hoto Ahe, tara caMdraguptAlA magadhAcA ekameva samrATa banaviNyAce mAjhe svapna, ApoApaca pUrNa hota Ahe." yathAkAla himavaMta zikharAcA rAjA parvataka maraNa pAvalA. caMdragupta donhI rAjyAMcA svAmI jhAlA. tyAce ekachatrI sAmrAjya ghoSita karaNyAsAThI, cANakyAne mahAvIranirvANAnaMtara 155 varSAMnI caMdragupta mauryAlA magadhAcyA siMhAsanAvara basavUna, rAjyAbhiSeka kelA. naladAmAkaDUna naMdapuruSAMcA baMdobasta kusumapurAta (pATaliputrAta) navAca upadrava udbhavalA hotA. naMdAMcyA saMparkAtale svajana-parijana, nokara-cAkara, dAsa-dAsI ANi Azrita yA sarvAMcA poSaNakartA acAnaka nighUna gelyAmuLe, tyAMcyApuDhe upajIvikecA prazna ubhA rAhilA. cANakyAce hera pALatIvara asalyAne, tyAMnA ughaDapaNe kAmadhaMdAhI karatA yeInA. nagarAcyA AsapAsa gupta ThikANI rAhUna, he sarva loka rAtrI-berAtrI nagarAta zirUna, cor2yAmAr2yA karU lAgale. tyAMcyApaikI je sazastra hote, te kirakoLa halle karUna, lUTamArahI karU lAgale. yA sarvAMcA baMdobasta karaNyAsAThI ekA dakSa kotavAlAcI (nagararakSakAcI) AvazyakatA hotI. nITa pArakha kelyAzivAya, koNAcIhI nemaNUka karAvayAcI nAhI, he cANakyAce tattva hote. baladaMDa zarIrayaSTIcyA, ugra ANi buddhimAna mANasAcA, cANakya zodha gheU lAgalA. ekadA cANakya asAca veSAMtara karUna, nagarAbAherIla pradezAta pheraphaTakA mArata hotA. tyAne pAhile kI, 'naladAma' nAvAcA eka uMcaniMca kATaka ANi gaMbhIra cehar2yAcA 97

Page #107
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA viNakara, atizaya ekAgratene mAgAvara sataraMjI viNaNyAce kAma karIta hotA. naladAmAcyA kuTuMbAtIla mulebALe, samoracyA aMgaNAta kheLata hotI. acAnaka tyAtIla kAhI mule, jorajorAne kiMcALUna raDU lAgalI. naladAma tvarene aMgaNAta AlA. moThamoThyA lAla muMgyA tyA mulAMcyA hAtApAyAlA, kaDakaDUna cAvalyA hotyA. moThamoThyA gAThI AlyA hotyA va Aga hota hotI. naladAmAne jhaTakana tyAMce hAtapAya dhutale ANi tyAMcyA daMzAvara lAla mAtIcA lepa lAvalA. kAma bAjUlA ThevUna tyAne, muMgyAMcyA rAMgekaDe lakSa deNyAsa suravAta kelI. zodha gheta-gheta bAjUlA asalelyA jhADAkhAlI, tyAlA muMgyAMce bhalemoThe vArULa disale. zejAracyA goThyAta jAUna, tyAne zeNAcyA vALalelyA govar2yA, tyA vAruLAbhovatI halakyA hAtAne khaNUna, gola mAMDalyA. tyAMvara vALalelyA gavatAce bhAre racale. gharAta jAUna culItale nikhAre ANale. govar2yAMvara ANi gavatAvara te ThevatAca, tyAMnI peTa ghetalA. vAruLAtUna bharAbhara bAhera paDalelyA muMgyA, tyA AgIta jaLUna bhasmasAt jhAlyA. sarva kAma pUrNa hotAca, tyAne haMDAbhara pANI ANUna, tI rAkhahI zAMta kelI. mulAMnA mhaNAlA, 'lekarAMno ! tumhAlA cAvaNAr2yA muMgyAMcA, kAyamacA baMdobasta kelA Ahe. AtA khuzAla aMgaNAta kheLA. ' naladAmAcI zodhavRttI, nirNayazaktI, karArI mudrA ANi kAma zevaTaparyaMta nyAyacI cikATI pAhUna, cANakyAne manomana mhaTale, 'vA ! malA havA tasA nagararakSaka akhera miLAlA tara !' cANakya parata gelA. tyAne caMdraguptAcyA kAnAvara sarva hakigata ghAtalI. 98

Page #108
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA rItasara dUta pAThavUna, naladAmAlA rAjasabheta yeNyAce nimaMtraNa dile. yogya to sanmAna karUna, ArakSakapadAcI sUtre tyAcyAkaDe sopavilI. rAjAcyA guNagrAhakatene bhArAvUna gelelA naladAma, atyaMta taDaphene, rAtraMdivasa nagarAcyA saMrakSaNAcI jabAbadArI pAra pADU lAgalA. kAhI divasAMnaMtara cANakyAne naladAmAlA bolAvUna, tyAcyA manAtIla aMtastha hetU tyAlA sAMgitalA. naladAmAne tatparatene hokAra dilA. cANakyAne kAhI catura herAMcI kumaka, naladAmAlA dilI. naladAmAne tyAMcyA sahAyyAne, naMdAMcyA upajIvya mANasAMzI, atizaya maitrIpUrNa saMbaMdha prasthApita kele. tyAMnA pUrNa vizvAsAta ghetale. sarvAMnA ekatrita yeUna, caMdraguptAcI rAjavaTa ulathUna TAkaNyAce kArasthAna racAvayAsa sAMgitale. tyAsAThI sarvAMnA mulAbALAMsakaTa, svata:cyA gharI, vizeSa bhojanAce nimaMtraNa dile. pUrvIce vaibhava prApta karaNyAcyA Azene, sarvajaNa tatparatene, naladAmAcyA gharI bhojanAsAThI Ale. carcA khUpaca raMgAta AlI. akhera paMgata basalI. naladAmAne khAsa svata: tayAra kelelI viSamizrita khIra', sarvAMnA AgrahAne vADhalI. tyA viSamizrita bhojanAne, naMdaparivArAtIla sarva mANase, maraNa pAvalI. naMdarAjAcA samULa uccheda karaNyAcyA pratijJecA, eka atizaya moThA bhAga, cANakyAne naladAmAcyA sahAyyAne pAra pADalA hotA. (16) AjJAbhaMgAcA pariNAma pATaliputrAcI surakSA sAdhya kelyAnaMtara, cANakyAne Apale lakSa, AjUbAjUcyA kheDegAvAMvara keMdrita kele. pratyeka gAvAcI pAhaNI karaNyAsAThI, herAMcyA nemaNukA kelyA.

Page #109
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA haLUhaLU ekekA gAvAcI itthaMbhUta mAhitI, cANakyAkaDe yeU lAgalI. eke divazI ekA javaLacyA kheDyAcI, pAhaNI karUna AlelyA herAne, cANakyAcI ekAMtAta bheTa ghetalI. tyAlA nivedana kele kI, 'amAtya ! yA gAvAtIla paristhitI phAra gaMbhIra Ahe. yethe phAra moThyA pramANAta, kSatriyAMcI vastI Ahe. te satata ekatra yeUna, gAvakar2yAMnA phitavata asatAta. mayUrapoSakAcyA halakyA kuLAta janmAlA AlelyA caMdraguptAcyA AjJA, gAvakar2yAMnI pALU nayeta, azA prakAre protsAhana detAta. sAMprata jaNU sarva gAvaca baMDALI karaNyAcyA tayArIta Ahe.' cANakyAlA jANavale kI, mAmalA phAraca gaMbhIra Ahe. tyAne ApalyA tallakha buddhIne, moThIca upAyayojanA AkhalI. tyA gAvAcyA ekA bAjUlA bAMbUMcI beTe hotI. dusar2yA bAjUlA DeredAra vRkSAMcI AmarAI hotI. hI paristhitI lakSAta gheUna, tyAne toMDI niropa deUna, ekA dUtAlA pAThavile. cANakyAne paDhavilyApramANe to dUta jAUna grAmapramukhAMnA mhaNAlA, mahArAja caMdraguptAMcI azI AjJA Ahe kI, 'tumhI sarvAMnI miLUna bAMbUMcyA beTAbhovatI AmravRkSAMcyA lAkaDAMce kuMpaNa ghAlA.' yA AjJeta eka pratIkAtmakatA hotI. kulIna kSatriya he AmravRkSAMce pratIka hote. bAMbU he hInakulAtIla caMdraguptAce pratIka hote. AjJecA bhAvArtha asA hotA kI, uccakulIna kSatriyAMnI, hInakulIna caMdraguptAlA anukUla vhAve va tyAce saMrakSaNa karaNyAsa sahAyya karAve. grAmasabhA bharalI. kSatriyAMnI tyA rAjAjJecI khUpa TiMgala uDavilI. tyAMnA tyAtIla pratIkAtmakatA muLIca samajalI nAhI. te mhaNAle, 'hA zUdra jAtIcA rAjA, atizaya mUrkha disato. kiMvA kadAcit toMDI niropa sAMgaNAr2yAne ulaTA niropa sAMgitalA asAvA. tevhA ApaNa bAMbU toDUna, AmarAIlA kuMpaNa ghAlAve, he bare!' 100

Page #110
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kAhI mahinyAMnaMtara khabarabAta gheNyAsAThI, cANakyAne herAlA pAThavile. tyAne parata yeUna, cANakyAlA sarva vastusthitI sAMgitalI. cANakyAlA AnaMda jhAlA. kAraNa rAjAcyA AjJecA bhaMga kelyAcA Aropa ThevUna, tyAMnA kaDaka zAsana karatA yeNAra hote.cANakyAne eka dUta purezA sainyAsaha, tyA gAvAkaDe pAThavilA. sainikAMnI kuMpaNAbhovatI veDhA ghAtalA. dUtAne nyAyAdhIzAcI bhUmikA bajAvUna, gAvAtIla sarva AbAlavRddhAMvara AjJAbhaMgAcA gunhA dAkhala kelA. sainikAMnI sarva AbAlavRddhAMnA kuMpaNAcyA Ata TAkale. sarva bAjUMnI kuMpaNAlA Aga lAvUna dilI. baMDALI karaNyAcA manodaya bALagaNAr2yA sarvAMnA, azI kAhI jaraba basalI kI, 'caMdragupta mauryAcyA AjJecA bhaMga mhaNaje sAkSAt maraNaca'-asA saMdeza magadharAjyAta

Page #111
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA sagaLIkaDe pohocalA. (17) kozavRddhIce upAya upAya pahilA : aMtargata zatrUcA pUrNa ni:pAta kelyAvara cANakya, rAjyAcI Arthika sthitI sudRDha karaNyAcI, tajavIja karU lAgalA. prathama tyAne kozAgArAta jAUna, rAjyAcyA khajinyAcI pAhaNI kelI. tyAcyA aMdAjApramANe tijorIta sagaLA khaDakhaDATaca hotA. saptAMga rAjyAce mahattvAce aMga asate, 'rAjyAcA koza !' 'koNatyA bare upAyAMnI, rAjyakoza vADhavatA yeIla ?' yAcA vicAra karatA-karatA cANakyAlA eka yuktI sucalI. __ prAsAdAbAheracyA vistRta prAMgaNAta, tyAne eka moThA maMDapa TAkalA. tyAta dyUta (jugAra) kheLaNyAsAThI, Avazyaka tI AsanavyavasthA kelI. nagarajanAMmadhye davaMDI piTavilI kI, 'he nAgarikAMno, rAjyAtarphe tumhAlA dhanaprAptIcI eka apUrva saMdhI cAlUna AlI Ahe. maMDapAta yeUna mAjhyAbarobara dyUta kheLA. dyUtAcA 'paNa' aikA. pratyekAne eka suvarNanANe paNAlA lAvAve. tyAcaveLI mI thALIbhara suvarNanANI paNAlA lAvena. mI jiMkalo tara tumhI malA eka nANe dyAvayAce. tumhI jiMkalAta tara mI tumhAlA thALIbhara suvarNanANI deIna. bahusaMkhyene yA. yA saMdhIcA lAbha ghyA.' thALIbhara suvarNanANyAcyA lobhAne, nAgarikAMce jathecyA jathe mAMDavAkaDe loTU lAgale. cANakyAne kheLaNAr2yAMcI ANi prekSakAMcI, cokha vyavasthA ThevalI hotI. dyUta ekekAbarobara kheLAvayAce hote. bAkI sarvAMcI AsanavyavasthA, dUra aMtarAvara hotI. 102

Page #112
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA satata ApalyAlA anukUla aseca dAna paDAve mhaNUna cANakyAne, viziSTa prakAre dyUtapaTAcI ANi phAzyAMcI vyavasthA kelI hotI. phAzyAMcyA sarva kaMgor2yAMnA viziSTa prakAre lokhaMDAcI kaDa banavUna ghetalI hotI. taseca dyUtapaTAcyA khAlacyA pokaLa bhAgAta, viziSTa prakAre lohacuMbakAcyA cakatyA banavilyA hotyA. nAgarikAMmadhye hA prayoga karaNyApUrvI, koNatyA konAtUna phAse TAkalyAvara, ApalyAlA have teca dAna paDela, yAcA puSkaLa sarAva AdhIca karUna, cANakyAne te kauzalya prApta kele hote. nirdhArita divazI mAMDavAta dyUtAlA AraMbha jhAlA. ekA mAgUna eka, loka dyUta kheLaNyAsAThI puDhe yeU lAgale. ekeka suvarNanANe dyUtAta harUna, hiramusalyA cehar2yAne paratU lAgale. kAhI divasa hA kheLa cAlU rAhilA. tyA nagarAta jugArAmadhye aTTala asalele, kAhI vyAvasAyika jugArIhI hote. cANakyAne svata:cyA manAsArakhe dAna paDaNyAsAThI kelelI yuktI, haLUhaLU tyAMcyA lakSAta yeU lAgalI. tyAMnI lokAMmadhye jAUna, kujabUja surU kelI. kheLAyalA puDhe yeNAr2yAMcI saMkhyA ghaTU lAgalI. daradivazI jamA jhAlelyA suvarNanANyAMcA hizeba, cANakyAne kelA. to phArasA kAhI utsAhavardhaka navhatA. tyAne nirNaya ghetalA kI, paise miLaviNyAcA hA upAya AtA thAMbavAvA. dusarA koNatA adhika phAyadezIra upAya miLato kA, te pahAve. upAya dusarA : ApalyA rAjyAta asalelyA dhanika vyaktIMcyA arthArjanAcA ADhAvA ghetalyAvara, cANakyAlA ase ADhaLale kI, rAjyAtale zrImaMta vyApArI, zetakarI ANi pazupAlaka he tyAMcyA utpannAcyA mAnAne te yogya to kara bharata nAhIta. lAca lucapata karUna karAta 103

Page #113
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA corI karatAta. cANakyAne sArAsAra vicAra karUna eka nAmI upAya zodhalA. sarva dhanikAMcA gaurava karaNyAsAThI, tyAMnA rAjAtarphe sanmAnabhojanAsAThI, viziSTa divazI nimaMtrita kele. bhavya maMDapa TAkalA. AvaDInusAra khAdyapeyAMcI relacela uDavUna dilI. saMgIta, vAdana, nRtyAce Ayojana kele. RtUMnA anukUla azA utkRSTa phaLAMcyA rasAta, madya misaLUna sarvAMnA yatheccha pAjale. svata: cANakya dhanika ibhyazreSThIsArakhA veSa dhAraNa karUna tyA samAraMbhAta sAmIla jhAlA. siMhAce mukha asalelA sonyAcA daMDa hAtAta gheUna, to abhyAgatAsArakhA praviSTa jhAlA. sarva dhanikAMnA ekatrita karUna tyAne ghoSaNA kelI kI, "prathama ApaNa yA sumadhura peyAMcA AsvAda gheU yA. tyAnaMtara sarvajaNa eka krIDAprakAra kheLU yA. ekekajaNAne puDhe yAyace. hA daMDa hAtAta ghyAvayAcA. atizaya vegaLyA AlaMkArika prakArAne, ApalyA dhanavaibhavAce varNana karAvayAce. varNana karUna jhAle kI bAjUlA basalele vAdaka he Dhola, nagArA ANi tAzA vAjavUna tyAce abhinaMdana karatIla. pratyekAcyA gaLyAta suMdara puSpamAlA ghAtalI jAIla. ' "he dhanikAMno ! prathama mIca puDhe yeto. he baghA, mI madyarasAcA bharapUra AsvAda gheto. tAlAvara nAcUna ase ghoSita karato kI mAjhyA aMgAvarIla hI vastre, sonyAcA kamaMDalU ANi daMDa evaDhIca mAjhI saMpattI Ahe. paraMtu rAjAcyA rUpAne sarvaca saMpattIcA mI svAmI Ahe. vAdakAMno ! AtA khuzAla Dhola vAjavA.' pAThopATha vAdakAMnI Dhola vAjavile. ekA rAjapuruSAne yeUna, cANakyAcyA - 104 99 gaLyAta puSpahAra ghAtalA. cANakyAcyA bhASaNAnaMtara te sahana na hoUna, eka dhanika puDhe AlA. peyAcA AsvAda gheUna, nRtyAcI pAvale TAkata mhaNU lAgalA "eka sulakSaNI hattI

Page #114
dhIragaMbhIrapaNe pAvale TAkata, sAta sahasrayojana aMtara jara cAlUna gelA ANi tyAcyA pAvalApAvalAvara lAkhalAkha suvarNamudrA jarI mI TAkata gelo, tarI mAjhI saMpattI saMpaNAra nAhI. vAdakAMno ! mAjhyA nAvAne Dhola vAjavA !" cANakyAcI jIvanakathA Dhola-tAzAMcA gajara jhAlA ANi puSpahArAne tyAcA sanmAnahI kelA. naMtara eka dhanADhya jamInadAra puDhe AlA, mhaNAlA "he tara kAhIca navhe. eka ADhaka mApa bharUna, mI tILa perale. yogya khatapANI ghAlUna, tiLAcI zete uMcaca-uMca vADhavalI. navyAne niSpanna jhAlelyA pratyeka tiLAgaNika, eka-eka sahasra suvarNamudrAMitakI ekUNa saMpattI mAjhyAkaDe Ahe." "calA AtA mAjhyA nAvAne Dhola vAjavA !! " -- tyAcyAvara varakaDI karIta eka dhanADhya pazupAlaka puDhe AlA, mhaNAlA "mI kazA zabdAta bare varNana karU ? samajA, dhuMvAdhAra pAvasAne eka girinadI, pracaMDa vegAne khaLakhaLATa karIta, duthaDI bharUna puDhe vAhata cAlalI Ahe. mAjhyAkaDe ekA divasAta ekatrita hoNAr2yA dudhAcyA tAkAvara ghusaLUna vara AlelyA loNyAne, mI tyA nadIlA bAMdha ghAlUna aDavU zakato.' "calA AtA mAjhyA nAvAne gajara hoU dyA !!" ---- to Asanastha hoto na hoto tevaDhyAta, ekA ativizAla azvazALecA pAlaka puDhe AlA. mhaNU lAgalA "mAjhyA vaibhavAcI tara tumhI kalpanAhI karU zakaNAra nAhI. mAjhyA ativizAla azvazALeta, ekA divasAta jevaDhI ghoDyAMcI ziMgare janmAlA yetAta, tyAMcyA aMgAvarIla mRdumulAyama kesAMnI, mI saMpUrNa AkAza jhAkUna TAkU zakato. AtA mAjhyA nAvAne vAdyAMcA khUpa veLa gajara karA !!" -- 105

Page #115
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA vAdyAMcA jorAta gajara jhAlA. zevaTacA dhanika gRhastha tor2yAne ubhA rAhilA. nRtya karata-karata mhaNU lAgalA kI "malA ekaca patnI Ahe. tI atizaya puNyazIla pativratA Ahe. paise miLaviNyAsAThI malA koThehI pravAsAlA jAve lAgata nAhI. mAjhyA moThamoThyA zetAta, azA jAtIcA tAMdULa ugavalA Ahe kI, ekadA kApaNI jhAlyAvara, tyA tAMdaLAne zekaDo koThAre bharatAta. naMtara punhA-punhA lAvaNI na karatAca, sugaMdhI tAMdaLAcyA loMbyAMnI mAjhI zete satata vAr2yAvara Dulata asatAta. tyAmuLe mAjhI sahasra koThAre paLabharahI rikAmI rahAta nAhIta. mAjhA saphala gRhasthAzrama, hI mAjhI mahAna saMpattI Ahe. he vAdakAMno ! yA mAjhyA sAttvika saMpattIbaddala jorajorAne Dhola vAjavA !!" samAraMbha atizaya utkRSTapaNe pAra paDalA. cANakyAlA pratyekAcyA saMpattIcA pUrNa aMdAja AlA. tyAne hyA sarvAMnA taseca itara dhanikAMnA, rAjAcI mudrA umaTavalelI AjJApatre dUtAkaDUna pAThaviNyAcI vyavasthA kelI. tyAta tyAne lihile hote kI, "pratyekAne ApApale ekekA divasAce saMpUrNa utpanna, daramahA prAmANikapaNe rAjyAcyA khajinyAta kararUpAne bharAve. " pAhatA bhara sabheta sarva saMpattI jAhIra kelyAmuLe, AtA koNAlAhI kara cukaviNe zakya navhate. AjJApatrAnusAra sarvAMnI niyamitapaNe kara jamA karaNyAsa suravAta kelI. pAhatA magadhAcA khajinA sone, cAMdI, hire, mANika motI, dhAnya ANi aneka maulyavAna vastUMnI kAThokATha bharalelA rAhU lAgalA. cANakyAne azA prakAre ApalyA buddhicAturyAne tyA vistRta sAmrAjyAcI Arthika ghaDI vyavasthita basavilI. upAya tisarA : 106 -

Page #116
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA caturaMga sainyabala sadaiva sajja ThevaNyAsAThI, yAhUnahI adhika saMpattIcI garaja lAgaNAra hotI. cANakyAne AtA Apale lakSa, AjUbAjUcyA pradezAtIla khanijasaMpattIne bharalelyA, bhUbhAgAkaDe vaLavile. sone, cAMdI, hire ANi vastunirmitIsAThI lAgaNAr2yA vividha dhAtUMcyA khANI, tajjJAMcyA sallyAne zodhalyA. tyA tyA bhAgAta yogya tyAprakAre khANakAmagArAMsAThI, navanavIna vastyA ANi gAve vasavilI. vRkSasaMpadece saMvardhana kele. kAkiNIpAsUna dInArAparyaMta sarva kiMmatIcI nANI, TAMkasALIta pADUna ghetalI. yogya prakAracI vajane ANi mApe, tulAdhyakSAkaDUna pramANita karUna ghetalI. kAhI varSAtaca magadhAce rAjya eka balADhya, dhanADhya ANi suniyaMtrita rAjya mhaNUna nAvArUpAlA Ale.magadhAcyA sthira zAsanAcI mukhya kAraNe hotI - cANakyAcI rAjyahitaiSI ni:svArtha buddhimattA; caMdraguptAcA parAkrama ANi tyAcA cANakyAvarIla aDhaLa vizvAsa (18) dvAdazavarSIya duSkALa rAjA ANi amAtya he doghehI, rAjyAcI vyavasthA lAvaNyAta kitIhI kuzala asale tarI, nisargAcA prakopa thAMbaviNe he koNAcyAca hAtAta nasate. rAjyAcI sarva ghaDI nITa basate na basate toca, tIna-cAra varSAtaca magadhAvara varuNarAjAcI avakRpA jhAlI. salaga bArA varSe, Avazyaka tevaDhA pAUsaca jhAlA nAhI. zevaTacyA kAhI varSAta tara duSkALAne akrALa-vikrALa svarUpa dhAraNa kele. rAjyAta bhikSevara nirvAha karaNAre, aneka prakArace sAdhU, saMnyAsI, yogI, bhikSU ANi parivrAjaka hote. gRhasthAMnAca jethe 107

Page #117
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA anna durmiLa jhAle, tethe sAdhuvargAlA bhikSA koThUna miLAvI? ____ nigraMtha (jaina) sAdhUMcA eka moThA saMgha, tyAveLI pATaliputrAta nivAsa karIta hotA. saMghAcyA AcAryAMce nAva 'susthita' AcArya ase hote. sarvatra annAnna-dazA jhAlelI baghUna, gAtre zithila jhAlelyA susthitAMnI, sarva saMghAlA subhikSa asalelyA pradezAta vihAra karaNyAcI AjJA dilI. svataH mAtra tetheca rAhaNyAcA nizcaya kelA. AcAryAMnA tyA avastheta ekaTe soDUna dezAMtarAlA jANe, sarvAMcyAca jivAvara Ale hote. saMghAtIla itara sAdhUMcA pahilA mukkAma paDalA. AcAryAMvara vilakSaNa bhaktI asalele dona 'kSullaka' (dIkSArthI taruNa sAdhU), AcAryAMcyA bhaktImuLe, pahilyAca mukkAmAhUna mAge parata Ale. AcArya mhaNAle, 'tumhI kA parata AlAta ?' kSullaka mhaNAle, 'gurucaraNAMcA viraha AmhI sahana karU zakata nAhI. AmhAlA ekaveLa maraNa Ale tarI behattara, paraMtu AmhI tumhAlA soDUna jANAra nAhI.' AcArya mhaNAle, 'tumhI hA nirNaya kAhI yogya ghetalelA nAhI. yethe rAhUna ugAcaca saMkaTAta mAtra paDAla.' akherIsa gurUMcyA anujJene tyAMcI zuzrUSA karata, te doghe tetheca rAhile. duSkALAmuLe bhikSA atizaya kamI miLata hotI. tyA bhikSetIla phAraca kamI bhAga, gurU grahaNa karIta. tyA doghAMnAhI to AhAra, atizaya apurA hotA. rojaca bhukele rahAve lAgata asalyAmuLe, eka divasa tyA doghAMnI ApasAta vicAravinimaya kelA. mhaNAle, "eka divasa saMghAcA sAMbhALa karaNAr2yA gItArtha sAdhUMnA, ApalyA AcAryAMnI 'divya aMjana prayogAcA' maMtra dilA hotA. bhiMtIADa ubhe rAhUna ApaNa to aikalA hotA. AjahI to ApalyAlA pATha Ahe. duSkALAcyA yA bhISaNa prasaMgAta, miLAlelI sarva bhikSA ApaNa gurUMnA deU ANi aMjanasiddhIcA prayoga karUna, ApaNa Apale anna tyA upAyAne 108

Page #118
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA miLavU. Apale poTa nITa bharale taraca ApaNa gurusevA karU zakU." aMjanasiddhIcA prayoga, caMdraguptAcyA bhojanakakSAtaca jAUna karAvA, ase tyAMnI Tharavile. tyApramANe DoLyAta aMjana ghAlUna te adRzya jhAle. adRzya rUpAtaca caMdraguptAcyA bhojanazALeta Ale. tyAMnI caMdraguptAcyA jaTharAta praveza kelA. caMdraguptAne khAllele bhojana jaTharAta pohocale kI, te doghe adRzyarUpAne te bhojana, bhakSaNa karIta asata. caMdraguptAcyA bhojanapAtrAvara nehamIca, cANakyAcI karaDI najara ase. cANakyAlA kaLenAse jhAle kI, vyavasthita bhojana gheUnahI hA caMdragupta, kRSNapakSAtIla caMdrApramANe kRza kA hota cAlalA Ahe ? cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA khodUna khodUna vicArale. caMdragupta mhaNAlA, 'malAca kaLenAse jhAle Ahe. tATabhara anna poTAta gele tarI poTa bharalyAcI bhAvanAca yeta nAhI. mI sadaiva bhukelAca rAhato. malA vATate kI koNItarI bhUtapreta mAjhyAta zirUna, mAjhe anna khAta asAve.' cANakya hasalA va caMdraguptAlA mhaNAlA, 'kAhItarI bolU nakosa. mI lavakaraca yA bhojana coraNAr2yAMcA chaDA lAvato. kALajI karU nakosa.' cANakyAne khUpa vicAra karUna, tyAcyA bhojanAcyA thALI ANi AsanAbhovatI, atyaMta vastragALa ase cUrNa, halakyA hAtAne pasarale. caMdragupta nehamIpramANe bhojanAsAThI basalA. cANakya samora cauraMgAvara 109

Page #119
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA basUna nirIkSaNa karIta rAhilA. tyAcyA sUkSma dRSTIlA tyA cUrNAvara umaTalelI halakI padacihne disalI. tyAne oLakhale kI, aMjanasiddhI prApta jhAlele koNItarI yogI, caMdraguptAcyA bhojanAce haraNa karIta Aheta. ___dusar2yA divazI sAre kAhI aseca ghaDale. tevaDhyAta cANakyAne tyA bhojanakakSAta, dhUpAcA dATa dhUra pasaravilA. bhojana grahaNa karaNyAsAThI AlelyA kSullakAMcyA DoLyAtIla aMjana, tyA dhurAmuLe tayAra jhAlelyA aNUMnI vAhUna gele. aMjanAcA prabhAva nAhIsA hotAca, doghe kSullaka tethe dRzya svarUpAta prakaTa jhAle. caMdraguptAne tyAMcyAkaDe krodhapUrNa kaTAkSa TAkalA. cANakyAnehI dona rAjapuruSAMnA bolAvUna, tyAMnA tAbyAta ghetale. kSullaka mhaNAle, 'mahAmAtya ! yA prasaMgAcA pUrNa ulagaDA hoNyAsAThI, AmacyA susthita AcAryAMkaDe ApaNa calAve.' cANakyAlAhI kutUhala vATale. to tyA kSullakAMbarobara susthitAcAryAMcyA nivAsasthAnI gelA. kSullakAMnA puDhe ghAlUna, cANakya AcAryAMnA upahAsAne mhaNAlA, 'vA ! AcArya, dusar2yAcyA tATAtale corUna khANyAcI cAMgalIca vidyA, ziSyAMnA paDhavilI Aheta kI tumhI !' AcArya vicakSaNa hote. tyAMnA tatkALa sarva prakAra samajalA. adhikAravANIne te cANakyAlA mhaNAle, "mahAmAtya ! ApalI prajAhitadakSatA kAya bare varNAvI ! yA bhISaNa duSkALAcyA kALAta, galitagAtra gurUMcI niSThene sevA karUna, akhaMDa dharmArAdhanA karaNAr2yA yA dona sAdhUMnA, cAra ghAsa anna miLaNehI azakya vhAve, he ApaNAsa zobhate kA ? 'prajAhite hitaM rAjJaH' ase ApaNaca mhaNatA nA !" tyA tapovRddha sthavirAMce he bolaNe aikUna, cANakya lajjita jhAlA. tyAne mana:pUrvaka AcAryAMcI kSamA mAgitalI. azA apavAdAtmaka prasaMgI rAjAne, sAdhUMcI vyavasthA kelI pAhije, azI tyAlA jANIva jhAlI. "duSkALI paristhitIta, sthalAMtara karU na zakaNAr2yA bhiDUMcI vyavasthA rAjA karela', ase vacana cANakyAne susthitAcAryAMnA dile.

Page #120
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA (19) sAdhUMcI parIkSA rAjAne bhiDUMcI upajIvikA karaNyAce dhoraNa svIkAralyAvara, aneka prakAracyA sAdhUMce saMgha rAjAkaDe yAcanesAThI yeU lAgale. koNatyA sAdhUMvara anugraha karAvA ANi koNatyA sAdhUMvara karU naye, asA moThAca prazna ubhA rAhilA. cANakyAne Tharavile kI, tyAMcyA sAdhutvAcI parIkSA gheUnaca, nirNaya ghetalA pAhije. pahilyA divazI tyAne kAhI brAhmaNa parivrAjakAMcyA saMghAlA, prAsAdAta nimaMtrita kele. tyAMcyA pravacanAce Ayojana kele. tyA parivrAjakAMcyA saMghanAyakAne tapasyA, mauna ANi vizeSata: iMdriyavijayAce mahattva samajAvUna sAMgitale. zrotRvRMdAlA iMdriyadamanAcA upadeza kelA. tyAMcyA askhalita vaktRtvAne sarvajaNa prabhAvita jhAle. pravacanAcyA akherIsa cANakyAne tyAMnA vinaMtI kelI kI, Aja sAyaMkALI ANi rAtrI ApaNa yetheca nivAsa karAvA. ApalI zayanavyavasthA aMta:purAjavaLacyA dAlanAta kelI Ahe. cANakyAne muddAmaca sAdhUMcA zayanakakSa ANi aMta:pura, yAMcyAmadhIla bhiMtIlA kAhI jharoke Thevale hote. sAdhUMvara pALata ThevaNyAsAThI, sAdhyA veSAtIla guptaherAMcI nemaNUka kelI hotI. saMdhyAkALa ulaTUna rAtra hoU lAgalI. jharokyAtUna aMta:purAtIla divyAMce kiraNa prakAzita hoU lAgale. striyAMcI kujabUja ANi nUpurAMce maMjuLa nAda yeU lAgale. parivrAjakAMnA svastha basavenA. te uThUna jharokyAMjavaLa gele. pAya uMca karUnakarUna AtIla dRzya pAhU lAgale. rAjapuruSAMcI thoDIzI cAhUla lAgatAca, gupacUpa ApalyA AsanAMvara yeUna jhopale. arthAtaca hA sarva vRttAMta guptaherAMnI cANakya va caMdraguptAlA nivedana kelA.

Page #121
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA dusar2yA divazI cANakyAne nirgratha (jaina) sAdhusaMghAlA, pravacanAsAThI AmaMtraNa dile. pUrvIpramANeca sarva vyavasthA kelI. pravacana jhAlyAnaMtara koNatehI AhArapANI grahaNa na karatA, nirgratha sAdhU ApApalyA AsanAMvara, dharmadhyAna karIta basale. yogya tevaDhI mojakI nidrA gheUna, bhalyA pahATe atyaMta zistIne, tyAMnI ApalyA upAzrayAcI vATa dharalI. sarva vRttAMta rAjapuruSAMnI cANakya va caMdraguptAsa sAMgitalA. nirgrathAMnI dAkhavilelyA saMyamI vRttImuLe, doghAMcAhI nirgratha saMghAvarIla vizvAsa duNAvalA. (20) ardhamAgadhI graMthAMcI pahilI vAcanA durbhikSakALa saMpalA. pATaliputra va AsapAsacyA pradezAta, yogya tevaDhA cAMgalA pAUsa jhAlA. punhA ekadA dharatImAtA, zetAMnI ANi araNyAMnI bharUna gelI. 'zakaTAla' maMtryAce jeSTha putra 'sthUlabhadra' he, jaina munisaMghAce AcAryapada bhUSavIta hote. tyAMce pATaliputrAsa Agamana jhAle. rAjA caMdragupta ANi amAtya cANakya, he nirgrathadharmAlA anukUla Aheta he pAhUna, tyAMnI duSkALAmuLe dezAMtarAlA gelelyA munisaMghAMnA, viziSTa veLI pATaliputrAta yeNyAce AvAhana kele. arthAt tyAveLacI vAhanavyavasthA baghatA ANi munisaMghAcA padavihAra dhyAnAta ghetA, he nizcitaca Ahe kI, yA sarva niyojanAlA varSa-dona varSe lAgalI asAvIta. sthUlabhadra AcAryAMnI, ardhamAgadhI AgamAMce jevaDhe jevaDhe bhAga, jyA jyA munIMnA mukhodgata hote, te sagaLe pATaliputrAta ekatrita kele. te likhita svarUpAta Ale kI 112

Page #122
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA nAhI, yAbaddala nizcita mAhitI detA yeta nAhI. paraMtu bha. mahAvIrAMnI ardhamAgadhIta kelele upadeza, akarA mukhya graMthAMmadhye saMkalita karUna ThevaNyAce kArya, sthUlabhadrAMcyA adhyakSatekhAlI jhAle. mahAvIravANIcA eka mukhya bhAga 'dRSTivAda' nAvAcA hotA. tyAcyA aMtargata 'caudA pUrva' yA nAvAcA kAhI jJAnanidhI hotA. tyAveLI caudA pUrvAMce saMpUrNa jJAna, arthasahita mukhodgata asalele chedasUtrakAra 'bhadrabAhu', durbhikSAcyA kALAta nepALa pradezAta, dhyAnasAdhanesAThI nighUna gelele hote. akarA aMgagraMthAMcI vAcanA jhAlyAvara, AcArya sthUlabhadra kAhI jijJAsU munIMsaha, bhadrabAhUMcyA zodhArtha nepALacyA dizene prasthita jhAle. jainadharmAcyA prAcIna graMthAMcyA saMkalanAce mahadkArya, caMdragupta ANi cANakya yAMcyA sahakAryAzivAya pUrNa hoNe, zakya navhate. azA prakAre jaina itihAsAtIla, ekA aitihAsika parvAce sAkSIdAra, caMdragupta ANi cANakya Aheta. jainAMnI cANakyakathA japaNyAce, he dekhIla eka mahattvAce kAraNa Ahe.

Page #123
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA (21) kauTilyAcA graMtharacanesa prAraMbha prAcIna bhAratAtIla adhyayanAcyA paraMpareta, AdhyAtmika zAstrAMbarobaraca laukika zAstrAMcAhI, cAMgalyA prakAre abhyAsa hota asAvA. cANakyAnehI ApalyA adhyayanakALAta, tyAcyA pUrvasUrIMnI racalelyA arthazAstrAcA ullekha kelelA disato. 'cANakyAcyA kALAta lipivijJAna avagata hote kI nAhI?'- asA prazna aneka abhyAsakAMnI upasthita kelA Ahe. jainagraMthAta ADhaLaNAr2yA 'cANakyI' lipIcyA ullekhAvarUna, cANakyAcyA AjJApatrAvarUna ANi kauTilIya arthazAstrAta prApta hoNAr2yA lekhanAcyA mArgadarzanAvarUna, cANakya Urpha kauTilyAne, tyAcyA AyuSyAcyA yA TappyAvara, tyAcyA arthazAstraviSayaka matAMcI noMda karAvayAsa suravAta kelI asAvI - ase mhaNaNyAsa phArasA pratyavAya disata nAhI. jainAMnI tasAhI cANakyAcyA pAriNAmikI buddhIcA', vAraMvAra ullekha kelA Ahe. aMgabhUta buddhimattelA jevhA anubhavAMcyA paripakvatecI sAtha miLate tevhA ekA vegaLyAca jhaLALIne, te sAhitya lakSaNIya Tharate. kauTilIya arthazAstra mhaNaje kevaLa AjacyA arthAne arthazAstra navhe. arthazAstra, rAjyazAstra, rAjyaghaTanesArakhI niyamAvalI, aparAdhAsAThI dilelI daMDa-vyavasthA, rAjanItI, yuddhazAstra ANi tyAlA joDUna AlelyA daMtakathAtmaka itihAsa-purANAtIla ghaTanA - yA sarvAMce yethe adbhuta mizraNa Ahe. cANakyAne bahudhA tyAcyA AyuSyAtIla zevaTacyA dahA varSAta, sahAyakAcyA madatIne, ApalyA AyuSyabharAtIla anubhavAMcyA AdhAre, yA graMthAtIla prakaraNAMcyA noMdI kelyA asAvyAta azI dATa zakyatA, jaina sAhityAcyA abhyAsAne nakkIca vyakta karatA yete. 114

Page #124
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA (22) biMdusArAcI janmakathA jasajase magadhAce rAjya vaibhavAcyA zikharAvara caDhata hote, tasatazI cANakyAlA caMdraguptAcyA surakSitatecI adhikAdhika kALajI vATata hotI. vizeSataH bhojanAtUna tyAlA viSaprayoga hoU naye mhaNUna, cANakya dakSa rAhU lAgalA. bhojanAcyA thALIcI aneka upAyAMnI viSaparIkSA kelyAzivAya, to caMdraguptAlA bhojanAcI anumatI deta nase. hyAca kALajIcA eka bhAga mhaNUna cANakya caMdraguptAlA, svata:cyA hAtAne bhojanAtUna, eka viziSTa rasAyana deU lAgalA. tyA rasAyanAta ase sAmarthya hote kI, tyAmuLe

Page #125
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA yadAkadAcit viSaprayoga jhAlA tarI, rasAyanAcyA prabhAvAne tyAcI tIvratA atizaya hoIla. caMdraguptAcI 'dhAriNI' nAvAcI priya patnI garbhavatI jhAlI. tyA garbhAcyA yogAne tilA DohALe lAgale. te pUrNa hoU zakata nasalyAne tI, divaseMdivasa mlAnamukhI disU lAgalI. rAjAne ekAMtAta rANIlA vicArale, 'priye ! itakyA moThyA rAjyAcI svAminI asUnahI ANi sarva kAhI tujhyA svAdhIna Ahe tarI, tU azI caMdrakalepramANe kRza kA bare hota Ahesa ?' tI mhaNAlI, 'Aryaputra ! malA tumacyA barobara basUna, ekAca tATAta bhojana karaNyAcI, tIvra icchA hota Ahe. tumace bhojana mAtra, amAtya cANakyAMcyA dekharekhIta, ekAMtAta hota asate. spaSTa disate Ahe kI, amAtya yA sahabhojanAlA kadhIca anumatI deNAra nAhIta.' caMdragupta mhaNAlA, 'priye ! itakI kSullaka goSTa Ahe nA ? thAMba ! udyA mI tujhyA manAsArakhe karato. ' dusar2yA divazI tyAne cANakyAlA sahabhojanAviSayI vicArale. ekAMta - bhojanAcA kharA uddeza, caMdraguptAlA sAMgaNe zakyaca navhate. maga cANakyAne pracaMDa krodha AlyAce nATaka karUna, bhuvaI uMcAvUna ANi AvAja caDhavUna, caMdraguptAlA mhaTale, 'are ! svataMtrapaNe nirNaya gheUna, mAjhA AjJAbhaMga karaNyAitakA zahANA, kadhIpAsUna jhAlAsa ? rANIsaha ekA thALIta jevaNa gheNyAcI anumatI, tulA kadhIhI miLaNAra nAhI.' caMdraguptAlA manAtUna khUpa vAITa vATale. rANIkaDe baghUna tyAcA jIva thoDAthoDA hota hotA. dusar2yA divazI bhojanAcI veLa jhAlI. nehamIpramANe cANakyAcyA dekharekhIkhAlI, caMdraguptAce jevaNa cAlU jhAle. tevaDhyAta kAhI vizeSa niropa gheUna, eka hera dAlanAbAhera AlA. cANakya sallAmasalata karaNyAsAThI, thoDA veLa dAlanAbAhera gelA. caMdraguptAne AdhIcyA divazI TharalyApramANe, rANIlA tvarene 116

Page #126
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA Ata yeNyAcI khUNa kelI. cANakya bolaNyAta guMtalA Ahe tovara, caMdraguptAne atizaya premabharAne, ApalyA thALItIla cAra ghAsa, tilA bharavile. tyAlA mAhIta navhate kI viSAcA utArA mhaNUna jevaNAtUna dile jANAre rasAyana rANIcA ghAta karIla. cANakya lagabagIne dAlanAta AlA. samorace dRzya pAhUna tyAlA dhakkAca basalA. tola suTUna to javaLajavaLa kiMcALalAca. 'are pApyA ! mAjhI AjJA moDUna, ase pApAcaraNa karatosa ? kuThe gelI tujhI parAkoTIcI gurubhaktI ?' kSaNAcAhI vilaMba na

Page #127
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA karatA, cANakyAne kamarecA dhAradAra cAkU bAhera kADhalA. dhAriNIlA bichAnyAvara jhopavUna, tatkALa ticyA udarAvara yogya tevaDhA cheda dilA. garbhastha bhrUNAlA, ApalyA kuzala boTAMnI, alagada bAhera kADhale. paTApaTa AjJA deUna, te bAlaka puDhIla kriyesAThI, kuzala suiNIkaDe sopavile. lagolaga dhAriNIcyA poTAlAhI TAke ghAtale. pratyutpannamatI cANakyAcI, adbhuta nirNayakSamatA baghUna, caMdragupta staMbhita jhAlA. paraMtu tyAlA duHkhAvega AvaratA AlA nAhI kAraNa caMdraguptAne bharavilelyA cAra ghAsAMmadhIla rasAyanAne, ApalA pariNAma sAdhalA hotA. dhAriNI maraNa pAvalI hotI. cANakyAne tyAveLI spaSTIkaraNAsAThI koNatAhI veLa na davaDatA, prathama bAlakAkaDe dhAva ghetalI. tyA viSArI rasAyanAcyA prabhAvAne bAlakAcyA komala TALUvara, eka kALyA raMgAcA biMdU utarUna, tethe kAyamacI khUNa nirmANa jhAlI hotI. apur2yA divasAcyA tyA bAlakAce saMvardhana, cANakyAne svata:cyA dekharekhIkhAlI karUna ghetale. viSabiMdUce cihna lakSAta gheUna bAlakAce nAva 'biMdusAra' ase Thevale. caMdraguptAnaMtara toca rAjyAcA vArasa hotA. tyAmuLe, cANakyAne biMdusArAce poSaNa ANi yogya te zikSaNa, yAcI sarva vyavasthA jAtIne pAhilI. yathAvakAza caMdraguptAlA sAre rahasya samajAvUna sAMgitale. ApalyA gurUMviSayIcA tyAcA Adara adhikaca vADhalA. bAlakAlA kaLU lAgalyApAsUna, caMdragupta satata tyAlA sAMgU lAgalA kI, 'putrA ! meruparvatAsArakhe uttuMga vyaktimatva asalelyA hyA amAtyAMvara pUrNa vizvAsa Theva. tyAMnA roja praNAma karUna, tyAMce AzIrvAda gheta jA.' hIca goSTa biMdusArAlA tyAcyA aMbadhAtrInehI vAraMvAra sAMgitalI. biMdusAra caMdraguptApramANe tejasvI hotA. moThA rAjA hoNyAcI cihne tyAcyAmadhye

Page #128
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA disU lAgalI. AtA tyAne yauvanAta padArpaNa kele hote. kALAcyA oghAta caMdragupta divaMgata jhAlA. cANakya AtA divaseMdivasa vRddhAvasthekaDe jhukU lAgalA hotA. tyAne ApalyA dekharekhIkhAlI biMdusArAlA rAjyAbhiSeka kelA. hA navA tejasvI rAjakumAra prajelAhI khUpa pasaMta paDalA. (23) subaMdhUce Agamana ANi cANakyAce prAyopagamana caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUnaMtara, cANakya utAravayAkaDe jhukU lAgalelA pAhUna, cANakyAviSayI dIrgha dveSa dhAraNa karaNArA, naMdarAjAcA saciva 'subaMdhu', yAne manAzI khUNagATha bAMdhalI kI, AtA ApalI sakriya hoNyAcI veLa AlI Ahe. nAnAprakAracyA yuktyA prayuktyA karUna, tyAne biMdusAra rAjAlA ekAMtAta gAThale. kRtrimapaNe dAkSiNyAcA Ava ANUna, biMdusArAlA mhaNAlA, "mahArAja ! AmhAsa vidita Ahe kI, AmacyAviSayI Apale mata phArase cAMgale nAhI. ApalyA siMhAsanAviSayI AmhAlA kaLakaLa vATate mhaNUna, kevaLa rAjyahitAsAThI AmhI ApalyAparyaMta Alo. mahArAja, nITa aikAve. to cANakya maMtrI atizaya kSudra ANi khunazI Ahe. svataHcyA hAtAne poTa phADUna, tyAne tumacyA mAtelA mArale. evaDheca sAMgato kI tyAcyA mAyAvIpaNAlA bhulU nakA. tyAcyApAsUna ApalyA jivAlA dhokA saMbhavato.' "" biMdusArAne aMbadhAtrIlA bolAvUna ekaca prazna vicAralA, 'aMba ! tyA cANakyAne mAjhyA mAtece udara phADale, he satya Ahe kA ?' tine mhaTale, 'putrA ! hoya he satya Ahe.' biMdusArAne yAvara kuThalAhI adhika prazna na vicAratA, aMbadhAtrIlA tethUna nighUna 119

Page #129
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA jANyAcI AjJA kelI. dusar2yA divazI nehamIpramANe cANakya, rAjAcyA bheTIsa AlA. tyAce suhAsya vadanAne svAgata ANi praNAma karaNyAaivajI, biMdusAra cANakyAkaDe pATha phiravUna basalA. he vartana baghUna, kAhIhI na bolatA cANakya tethUna lagolaga bAhera paDalA. tyAcyA vizvAsU lokAMkaDUna tyAlA kaLale kI, subaMdhu saciva rAjAcI bheTa gheUna gelA Ahe. tyAne vicAra kelA, "caMdraguptAkaDUna janmabhara evaDhe sanmAnya sthAna prApta jhAlyAvara, AtA biMdusArAsobata azA paristhitIta, amAtyapada bhUSavIta rAhaNe, ajibAta yogya nAhI. tasehI vRddhApakALAcI sarva cihne, mAjhyA zarIrAvara disU lAgalI Aheta. AyuSyabhara mI dakSatene rAjakArya sAMbhALale. AtA kartavyapUrtIcA AnaMda manAta ThevUna, svata:hUna nivRttI patkaraNe atyaMta zreyaskara Ahe. eka goSTa mAtra kharI kI, hyA rAjavirodhI ANi dveSI subaMdhu sacivAlA, biMdusArAce maMtripada bhogU dyAyace nAhI. te rAjAcyA ANi rAjyAcyA hitAcyA dRSTIne atyaMta ghAtaka Ahe. pUrNa nivRttI svIkAraNyApUrvI, subaMdhu hA rAjAlA soDUna kAyamacA nighUna jAIla, yAcI vyavasthA karato. kadhI nA kadhI svata:cyA janmAcA satya vRttAMta biMdusArAsamora yeIlaca." rAjaprAsAdAcyA AvArAta asalelyA, ApalyA dAlanAta cANakya gelA. tyAne tyAcyA javaLa asalelI thoDIbahuta saMpattI svajana-parijana, dIna-anAtha yAMcyAmadhye vATUna dilI. eka peTI mAtra barIca kulape lAvUna, dAlanAcyA madhomadha ThevalI. aMtima dhyAnayogasAdhanecyA vicArAne nesatyA vastrAnizI, gAvAbAherIla parNakuTIta gelA. tI parNakuTI ekA gokuLasthAnAta hotI. bareca divasa vAparAta nasalyAmuLe, parNakuTIcyA AjUbAjUlA gurAkhyAMnI, vALalelyA govar2yAMce DhIga racalele hote. sukalelyA gavatAce bhAre, chaparAMvara pasaralele hote. cANakyAne parNakuTIta jAUna, Asanayogya jAgA banavilI. prAyopavezanAcyA nizcayAne AsanAvara ArUDha jhAlA ANi dhyAnamudrA lAvalI. 120

Page #130
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA ikaDe cANakya nighUna gelelA baghUna, aMbadhAtrIlA atizaya asvastha vATU lAgale. dhIra goLA karUna, tI biMdusArAkaDe AlI. tyAlA mhaNAlI, "putrA ! amAtyAMvara asalelA tujhA krodha anAThAyI Ahe. tujhyA janmAcyA veLacA sarva ghaTanAkrama, malA mAhIta Ahe. aMgAta viSa bhinalyAmuLe, tujhyA mAtecA mRtyU aTaLa hotA. amAtyAMnI vilakSaNa capaLAIne tulA vAcavile nasate tara, Aja tU hyA jagAta nasatAsa. tU hyA sAmrAjyAcA rAjA Ahesa. kSudra lokAMcyA nAdI lAgUna, halakyA kAnAcA hoNe, tulA zobhata nAhI. amAtyAMce upakAra dhyAnI ghe. tvarita tyAMcyAkaDe jA. kSamA mAgUna tyAMnA parata gheUna ye. anaMta upakArakartyA amAtyAMcI, vRddhApakALI nITa dekhabhAla karaNe, tujhe kartavya Ahe.' biMdusArAce DoLe ughaDale. to parijanAMsahita cANakyAkaDe gelA. mana:pUrvaka kSamA mAgUna pAyA paDalA. prAsAdAta parata yeNyAcI kaLakaLIcI vinaMtI kelI. cANakya mhaNAlA, "te AtA zakya nAhI. mI sarvasvAcA tyAga kelA Ahe. prAyopavezana dhAraNa kele Ahe." tyAMcA aTaLa nizcaya jANUna, biMdusAra nighUna gelA. hA vRttAMta subaMdhUcyA kAnAvara gelA. subaMdhUne vicAra kelA, "satya kAya te biMdusArAlA kaLale Ahe. zivAya cANakyAce mana badalale, tara mAjhe kAhI khare nAhI." eka bhayaMkara kArasthAna, tyAcyA manAta AkAra gheU lAgale. pazcAttApAcA khoTA Ava ANUna, to biMdusArAkaDe gelA. mhaNAlA, "mahArAja! mAjhyA hAtUna cUka jhAlI. kharI hakigata malAhI mAhIta navhatI. AtA mI svataH amAtyAMkaDe jAto. tyAMcI kSamA mAgato. tyAMcI yathAyogya pUjA ANi satkAra karato. zakya jhAle tara tyAMnA parata gheUna yeto." koNAlAhI barobara na ghetA, subaMdhu parNakuTIjavaLa gelA. gaMdha, akSatA, phule, dhUpa 121

Page #131
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA dANI, nirAMjana ase sarva pUjece sAmAna barobara ghetale. parNakuTIcyA Ata gelA suddhA nAhI. parNakuTIbhovatI tIna pher2yA mArUna nirIkSaNa kele. govar2yA ANi sukalele gavata pAhUna, tyAlA AsurI AnaMda jhAlA. dhUpapAtrAta peTate nikhAre ghAlUna, tyAvara dhUpa TAkalA. nirAMjana peTavile. AjUbAjUcyA govar2yAMmadhye ANi gavatAvara te sarva Thevale. tvarene gharI paratalA. sarvaca padArtha jvAlAgrAhI asalyAne, pAhatA-pAhatA cahUbAjUne parNakuTIne peTa ghetalA. jAgevarUna na uThaNyAcA nizcaya kelelyA cANakyAne, tyA bhayaMkara dAhAcyA vedanA, mUkapaNe sahana kelyA. rAjakAryAsAThI karAvyA lAgalelyA, sarva niSThura upAyAMbAbata, pazcAttApabhAva vyakta kelA. sarva jIvamAtrAMviSayI aMtima kSaNI, karuNAbhAva jAgRta kelA. IzvarAce smaraNa karIta asalelyA cANakyAcA deha akhera bhasmIbhUta jhAlA. (24) subaMdhUcA aMta cANakya bhasmasAt jhAlyAcI khAtrI jhAlyAvara, subaMdhu biMdusArAkaDe AlA. mhaNAlA, "rAjan ! mI amAtyAMcI khUpa manadharaNI kelI. te parata yeNyAsa tayAra nAhIta. ulaTa malAca mhaNAle kI, 'je jhAle te jhAle. AtA tU mAjhyA gharI jA. mAjhI jI kAhI saMpattI Ahe tI rAjyAcyA kozAta jamA kara.' mahArAja ! malA amAtyAMcyA gharI jANyAcI AjJA dyAvI. mI tyAMcyA manAsArakhe karato." biMdusArAne subaMdhUlA tazI anumatI dilI. subaMdhu cANakyAcyA dAlanAta pohocalA. tyAlA dAlanAcyA ekA kopar2yAta, cArI bAjUne kulape lAvalelI ANi lAkhene mudrita 122

Page #132
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA kelelI, eka moThI peTI disalI. subaMdhUlA vATale kI tyAta hire, mANake ANi aneka maulyavAna vastU asatIla. tyAtIla bar2yAcazA ApaNaca kADhUna gheU. tyAne ghAIghAIne kulape toDalI. peTI ughaDalI. Ata eka choTI peTI hotI. tI raktavastrAta guMDALalelI hotI. tyAne ghAIghAIne choTI peTI bAhera kADhalI. atizaya mohaka, tIvra asA ghamaghamaNArA suvAsa sagaLIkaDe daravaLalA. tyAne peTIvarIla vastra dUra kele ughaDUna pAhile tara tyAta eka moThe bhUrjapatra hote. te bhUrjapatra ANi tyAvarIla zAI, donhI khUpaca sugaMdhita hotI. tyAne bhUrjapatra hAtAta gheUna, ghAIghAIne tyAcA manasokta vAsa ghetalA. naMtara to patra vAcU lAgalA. tyAvara agadI mojakA majakUra lihilelA hotA. to asA "yA bhUrjapatrAcyA viSArI gaMdhAcA AsvAda ghetalyAnaMtara, jI vyaktI AyuSyAta uttama sugaMdha, zItala pANI, camacamIta jevaNa, utkRSTa gAyana-vAdana-nRtya yA sarvAMcA AsvAda gheIla ANi sarvocca viSayasukha bhogela to vinAvilaMba yamasadanI dAkhala hoIla. paraMtu jara tyAne muMDana karUna, viSayatyAga karUna, nIrasa annagrahaNAce sAdhuvrata svIkArale tara to jagU zakela. anyathA maraNa he nakkI Ahe." cANakyAne svata:cyA maraNApUrvIca, ApalyA maraNAcI kiMvA sAdhutvAcI azI tajavIja karUna ThevalelI baghUna, subaMdhUlA dhakkAca basalA. tyAne vicAra kelA, "cANakyAce matimAhAtmya agAdha Ahe. jivaMtapaNI malA maraNa bhogAyalA lAvaNAr2yA cANakyAcyA buddhIce karAve tevaDhe kautuka thoDeca Ahe. mI tyAcyA gharI jAUna tyAcI peTI ughaDaNAra, asA tarka tyAne kevhAca karUna ThevalA hotA. AtA icchA nasatAnAhI malA, upabhogarahita AyuSya jagaNe bhAga Ahe." cANakyAne lihilelyA majakurAcI khAtrI karAvI mhaNUna, tyAne ApalyA eka 123

Page #133
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA nokarAlA bolAvile. tyAlA tyA viSArI gaMdhAcA vAsa ghyAyalA lAvalA. naMtara tyAlA sugaMdhI jalAne snAna ghAtale. divya mAlA va AbhUSaNe caDhavilI. maMda vAdyAMcyA surAta tyAlA paMcapakvAnnAce bhojana khAU ghAtale. cANakyAce bhaviSya khoTe TharaNyAcI vATa baghU lAgalA. pUrvI kadhI na anubhavalelyA tyA sukhopabhogAMnI, tyA nokarAcyA DoLyAMvara jhApaDa AlI. 'mI AtA jhopato', ase mhaNUna to tetheca jhopI gelA. tyA jhopetUna punhA to uThalAca nAhI. svata:cyA DoLyAsamora ghaDalelI hI hakigata pAhUna, subaMdhUlA Apale bhaviSya kaLUna cukale. manAta nasatAnAhI baLebaLeca dIkSA dhAraNa karUna, to ekaTAca vimanaskapaNe vihAra karIta rAhilA. 124

Page #134
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA 125

Page #135
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA 6

Page #136
cANakyAcI jIvanakathA 127

Page #137
128

Page #138
prakaraNa 4 kathAbAhya saMdarbha 129

Page #139
130

Page #140
prakaraNa 4 kathAbAhya saMdarbha mAgIla prakaraNAta, jaina sAhityAta noMdavilele cANakyacaritra ApaNa prasaMgAprasaMgAnusAra goSTIrUpAne pAhile. zvetAMbara ANi digaMbarAMnI raMgavilelI vegavegaLI cANakyakathA, yogya to samatola sAdhUna ekatrita karUna dilI. paraMtu katheta jyAMcA samAveza hoU zakata nAhI, ase kitItarI saMdarbha jaina sAhityAta vikhuralele disatAta. saMzodhanaprakalpa lihita asatAnA jI viziSTa paddhatI ANi zista pALAvI lAgate, tyAcA avalaMba karUna yA prakaraNAta kAlakramAnusAra sarva saMdarbha kramAne dile Aheta. a) kathAbhAgApekSA vegaLe zvetAMbara saMdarbha va tyAvarIla bhASya 131

Page #141
kathAbAhya saMdarbha he saMdarbha vikhuralelyA svarUpAta asalyAmuLe kAlakramAnusAra ghetale Aheta. (1) Arya-rakSitakRta anuyogadvAra hA rUDha mAnyatenusAra ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMtha asalA tarI abhyAsakAMnI tyAcI bhASA 'ArSa prAkRta' kiMvA 'prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI' mAnalI Ahe. Arya-rakSitAMcA kALa isavI sanAce pahile-dusare zataka asA mAnya kelelA Ahe. anuyogadvArAcyA 49 vyA sUtrAta mhaTale Ahe kI - 'se kiM taM loiyaM bhAvasuyaM ? jaM imaM aNNANiehiM micchAdiTThIhiM sacchaMdabuddhi - maivigappiyaM / taM jahA - bhArahaM rAmAyaNaM haMbhImAsurukkaM koDillayaM --- cattAri ya vedA sNgovNgaa|' prastuta sUtrAta, pAca prakAracyA jJAnAMpaikI zrutajJAnAcI carcA cAlU Ahe. tyApaikI laukika bhAvazruta' mhaNaje kAya ? he samajAvUna sAMgatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, "hyA ajJAnI mithyAdRSTIMnI svacchaMda buddhIne je mativikalpita pragaTa kele Ahe te sarva laukika bhAvazruta hoya. jase - bhArata, rAmAyaNa, haMbhImAsurukka (?), kauTilyaka (kauTilyAce arthazAstra) --- taseca aMgaupAMgasahita cAra veda (Rk - yaju - sAma - atharva)." prathamadarzanI ase vATate kI, Arya-rakSitAMnI tatkAlIna abhyAsakramAtIla graMthAMcI jI saMpUrNa yAdI yethe prastuta kelI Ahe ticA samAveza zrutajJAnAta kelA asalA tarI, to tucchatA va anAdarAcA bhAva darzavito. paraMtu jevhA ApaNa vyavahAranaya ANi nizcayanayAcyA aMgAne vicAra karato tevhA ase disate kI, dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTakAMcyA tulanene Arya-rakSitAMnI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, kauTilyaka, darzane, bahAttara kalA ANi aMgaupAMgAsahita vedAMnA duyyama mAnale asale tarI vyavahAranayAnusAra yAlA laukika zAstrAMcA darjA deNyAta AlA Ahe. azA 132

Page #142
kathAbAhya saMdarbha prakAracA ekatrita abhyAsakrama anuyogadvAra va naMdIsUtra soDatA, itara koNatyAhI graMthAta disUna yeta nAhI. bauddha ANi hiMdU graMthAMta suddhA abhyAsakrama noMdaviNyAcI hI dRSTI ADhaLata nAhI. Arya-rakSitAMsArakhyA sthavirAMnA he jANavale Ahe kI, laukika athavA bhautika pragatIsAThI hI zAstre upayukta Aheta paraMtu AdhyAtmika pragatIsAThI mAtra jinapraNIta vANIca upayukta Ahe. laukika graMthAMcyA yAdIta AdhI bhArata ANi naMtara rAmAyaNAcA ullekha karaNe vaiziSTyapUrNa mAnale pAhije. kAhI abhyAsaka asA tarka karatAta kI, maukhika svarUpAta rAmAyaNa AdhI asale tarI likhita svarUpAta mahAbhArata AdhI Ale. yA tarkAlA varIla ullekhAvarUna puSTI miLate. mahAbhAratAcA 'bhArata' asA kelelA ullekhahI lakSaNIya mAnAvA lAgato. kAraNa mahAbhAratAcyA ekUNa tIna saMskaraNAMpaikI madhalyA saMskaraNAce nAva 'bhArata' ase hote. mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA pahilyA-dusar2yA zatakAtahI mahAbhAratAce 'mahAbhArata' he nAva rUDha jhAlele navhate. saMskRtace abhyAsaka ase noMdavitAta kI, AraMbhI Rk - yaju ANi sAma he tIna vedaca ziSTasaMmata mAnale jAta hote. atharvavedAsArakhyA lokavedAcA samAveza cAra vedAMmadhye uzirA kelA jAU lAgalA. anuyogadvArAtIla prastuta ullekhAvarUna cAra vedAMcI gaNanA kadhIpAsUna hoU lAgalI, yAvarahI jAtA-jAtA prakAza paDato. kadAcita prAkRta bhASAMcyA mAdhyamAtUna jainAMcI disUna yeNArI lokagAmitA adhorekhita karaNyAsAThI, Arya-rakSitAMnI atharvavedAcA ullekha kelA asAvA. AryarakSitAMviSayIcyA jaina pAraMpArika katheta te janmAne brAhmaNa asalyAcA va vedavidyApAraMgata asalyAcA ullekha yeto. tyAMcyA mAtecyA AgrahAkhAtara tyAMnI 133

Page #143
kathAbAhya saMdarbha dRSTivAdAcyA adhyayanAsa AraMbha kelA. tyAAdhI jainadharmAcI dIkSAhI grahaNa kelI. arthAt yAmuLeca tyAMnI vedavedAMgAMcA ANi kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAcA laukika vidyAMmadhye samAveza kelA asAvA. anuyogadvAra va naMdIsUtrAta AlelyA koDillaya' yA zabdAcA artha lAvatAnA, bhAratIya vidyece kAhI abhyAsaka tyA graMthAtIla kuTilatA siddha karaNyAsa sarasAvalele disatAta. paraMtu kauTilya Urpha cANakyAviSayIcI jainAMcI ekaMdarIta AdaradRSTI lakSAta ghetA prastuta saMdarbha kuTilatA adhorekhita karaNArA nasUna, kauTilIya arthazAstra yA rAjanItiviSayaka zAstrAcA Ahe ase mhaNAvese vATate. dvitIya bhadrabAhukRta Avazyakaniyukti hA graMtha dekhIla 'ArSa prAkRta' athavA prAcIna jaina mahArASTrIta lihilelA asUna, tyAcA kALa isavI sanAce tisarecauthe zataka mAnalA jAto. bhadrabAhu mhaNatAta, khavage amaccaputte cANakke ceva thUlabhadde a / (2) -- - - - - - - - - ------------ pAriNAmia - buddhIe evamAI udAharaNA / / niyuktisaMgraha, gA.51 (pR.93) prastuta niyuktIta kSapaka, amAtyaputra, cANakya, sthUlabhadra ityAdI aneka vyaktIMcI nAve pAriNAmikI buddhIcyA udAharaNAdAkhala noMdavilI Aheta. pAriNAmikI buddhIce Adarza mhaNUna bhadrabAhUMnI hI nAve niyuktIta saMkSipta svarUpAta jatana karUna ThevalI Aheta. jaina jJAnamImAMsenusAra 'caturvidha buddhi' yA matijJAnAce AviSkAra asUna tyA anukrame autpattikI-vainayikI-karmajA-pAriNAmikI azA Aheta. cANakya ANi tyAce arthazAstra hA graMtha bhadrabAhUMnI tyAcyA 134

Page #144
kathAbAhya saMdarbha pAriNAmikI buddhIcA dyotaka mAnalA Ahe. pAriNAmikI buddhIce vaiziSTya ase kI, jasajase vaya, ciMtana ANi anubhava vADhato tasatazI tI buddhI adhikAdhika paripakva hota jAte. hiMdU paraMparenusAra dekhIla, kauTilIya arthazAstra hA rAjanItizAstrAvaracA aMtima graMtha mAnalA jAto. bhadrabAhUMcyA ullekhAtahI ase sUcita kele Ahe kI, cANakyAne pUrvasUrIMce ciMtana ANi rAjyavyavasthecA svata:cA pradIrgha anubhava yAmadhUna hA graMtha lihilA. cANakyAne hA graMtha tyAcyA AyuSyAcyA uttarArdhAta lihilA asAvA asehI sUcita hote. samakAlIna rAjanItIce sArasarvasva asalelyA cANakyAcyA graMthAcA samAveza pAriNAmikI buddhIcyA aMtargata karUna dvitIya bhadrabAhUMnI tyAlA dilele gauravAspada sthAna nakkIca lakSaNIya Ahe. Arya-rakSitAMnI laukika bhAvazrutAta gaNanA karUna eka prakAre tyAce thoDese duyyamatva prakaTa kele asale tarI bhadrabAhUMnI mAtra khulyA dilAne cANakyAcA ullekha anubhavasaMpanna buddhimattecyA udAharaNAMmadhye kelA Ahe. vastuta: cANakyAcyA caritrAtUna tyAcyA upajata buddhimattece digdarzana anekadA hote. tarIhI jaina lekhakAMnI cANakyAcA ullekha pAriNAmikI buddhIcyA saMdarbhAtaca kelelA disato. jaina paraMparecyA dRSTIne caturvidha buddhIMcA Adarza mhaNUna zreNikaputra abhayakumArAce udAharaNa dile jAte. tyAcyA tulaneta cANakyAce gauNatva dAkhaviNyAcA jaina lekhakAMcA hA supta prayatna disato. zvetAMbara AcAryAMnI cANakyAlA zrAvakatva bahAla karUna, tyAce jainIkaraNa karaNyAcA prayatna kelA asalA tarI abhayakumArAcyA tulaneta tyAce duyyamatva dAkhavUna eka prakAre cANakyAcyA vaidika paraMparece va brAhmaNatvAcehI jAtA-jAtA 135

Page #145
kathAbAhya saMdarbha sUcana kelele disate. (3) dvitIya bhadrabAhUMcyA piNDaniyukti yA graMthAtIla 500 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, cunne aMtaddhANe cANakke pAyalevaNe joge| yA gAthArdhAta sAdhUMcyA AhArAviSayIcA eka prasaMga atisaMkSiptapaNe noMdavUna ThevalA Ahe. TIkAkArAcyA madatIzivAya cANakyakathetIla tyAcA saMdarbha samajU zakata nAhI. TIkAkAra mhaNato, cUrNenAntardhAne ' dRSTIkaraNe cANakyaviditau kSullau nidarzanam / magadhAta paDalelyA tIvra duSkALAcyA veLI sAdhUMnA bhikSA miLenAzI jhAlI. tyAveLI dona taruNa ziSyAMnI cUrNaprayogAne aMtardhAna pAvUna kazA prakAre anna prApta kele va te cANakyAne koNatyA yuktIne jANUna ghetale- hA sarva vRttAMta yethe saMkSiptapaNe sAMgitalA Ahe. piNDaniyuktIcyA tIna bhASyagAthAMmadhye yA saMkSipta kathecA thoDA vistAra kelA Ahe. nizIthacUrNIta hI kathA tyAhUna adhika vistArAne sAMgitalI Ahe. puDhe caudAvyA zatakAta kSamAratnAne lihilelyA saMskRta avacUrImadhye prAyaH nizIthacUrNIcAca saMskRta anuvAda prastuta kelA Ahe. nizIthacUrNItIla kathecyA vivaraNAcyA prasaMgI yAtIla sarva tapazIla puDhe dilele Aheta. eka goSTa mAtra yAvarUna nakkI dhyAnAta yete kI, jethe jethe cANakyAcA saMbaMdha saMkSiptapaNe yeto, tethe tethe TIkAkArAMnI kramAkramAne kathAMcA vistAra karIta karIta cANakyAlA caudA-paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta jIvita Thevale Ahe. (4) dvitIya bhadrabAhukRta oghaniyuktIta 418 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe, uggahakAIyavajjaM chaMDaNa vavahAru labbhae tattha / 136

Page #146
kathAbAhya saMdarbha droNAcAryAMcyA TIkecyA AdhAre yA saMkSipta gAthece spaSTIkaraNa samajAvUna ghyAve lAgate. tyAcA Azaya sAmAnyata: asA Ahe - "rAjAcyA AdezAnusAra gRhasthAne svata:cyA agara dusar2yAcyA gharAcyA agadI nikaTa ThikANI malamUtra karaNyAsa manAI kelI hotI. cANakyAne mhaTale hote kI, ase kelyAsa rAjadarabArI gunhA dAkhala kelA jAIla.'' cANakyAcA hA niyama lakSAta gheUnahI bhadrabAhUMnI sAdhuAcArAtIla pariSThApanAsamitIta athavA utsarga-samitIta to niyama samAviSTa karUna ghetalA. cANakyAne ghAlUna dilele nAgarikazAstrAce niyamahI sAdhuAcArAta vizeSataH chedasUtrAta samAviSTa karUna ghetalele disatAta. itara aneka sAdhuAcAraviSayaka ANi zrAvakaviSayaka niyamAMvarahI arthazAstrAtIla kaDaka AjJAMcI chAyA spaSTapaNe jANavate. yAviSayIcA adhika UhApoha yA pustakAta puDhe svataMtra prakaraNAta kelA Ahe. malamUtravisarjana karatAnA ghyAvayAcI khabaradArI, cANakyAcI paryAvaraNaviSayaka dRSTI nizcitaca dAkhavUna dete. jaina paraMparelA hA niyama atizaya yogya vATalA kAraNa 'SaDjIvanikAyAMcI rakSA' hA viSaya prAcIna ardhamAgadhI graMthAtahI veLoveLI adhorekhita karaNyAta AlA Ahe. AjUbAjUcyA vAtAvaraNAlA hAnikAraka ase koNatehI kRtya jaina darzanAcyA tattvajJAnaviSayaka caukaTIta basata nAhI. mhaNUnaca pariSThApanA-samitIcA vizeSa vicAra tattvArthasUtrAsArakhyA dArzanika graMthAtahI samAviSTa kelelA disato. ___malamUtravisarjanAcA niyama detAnA TIkAkArAne cANakyAcA AvarjUna kelelA ullekha, jainAMcyA cANakya-premAcI jaNU gvAhIca deto. (5) dharmadAsagaNIMcA upadezamAlA hA graMtha prAcIna jaina mahArASTrIta lihilelA asUna, tyAmadhye 542 dvAragAthAMmadhye ekaMdara 70 kathAMcI guMphaNa kelI Ahe. hA graMtha 137

Page #147
kathAbAhya saMdarbha isavI sanAcyA cauthyA-pAcavyA zatakAtIla asUna, zIrSakAnusAra to dhArmika upadezAne bharalelA Ahe. jaina paraMpareta cANakyAcI niMdA karaNAre je atizaya alpa ullekha Aheta tyApaikI hA atizaya mahattvAcA ullekha Ahe. upadezamAlecyA 150 vyA dvAragAtheta caMdraguptagurUcA' arthAt cANakyAcA nirdeza kelA Ahe. yA gAthecI thoDI pArzvabhUmI lakSAta gheNe Avazyaka Ahe. viSaya asA cAlU Ahe kI, 'mANasAne khudda svata:cyA mulAvarahI vizvAsa ThevU naye'. tyAsAThI AdhI rAjA zreNika (biMbisAra) ANi kUNika (ajAtazatrU) yAMce udAharaNa dile Ahe. kUNikAne ApalyA pityAsa turuMgAta TAkale ANi akherIsa zreNikAlA mRtyUlA kavaTALAve lAgale- asA itihAsa jaina noMdavitAta. phasavaNukIne kelelyA ghAtAce udAharaNa mhaNUna dharmadAsagaNi puDhe mhaNatAta - luddhA sakajjaturiA, suhiNo'vi visaMvayaMti kayakajjA / jaha caMdaguttaguruNA, pavvayao ghAio rAyA / / yAcA bhAvArtha asA kI, "svata:cI kAryasiddhI yenakenaprakAreNa karaNAre lobhI loka ekadA Apale kAma sAdhale kI svakIyAMcyA suddhA virodhAta jAyalA mAgepuDhe pAhAta nAhIta. AtA heca pAhA nA ! tyA caMdraguptAcyA gurUne arthAt cANakyAne rAjyaprAptIsAThI madata karaNAr2yA parvatakAcA kevaDhA moThA ghAta ghaDavUna ANalA !' upadezamAlA graMthAvara isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta ratnaprabhasUrIMnI TIkA lihilelI Ahe. dharmadAsagaNIMcyA niMdAvyaMjaka ullekhAMcA AdhAra gheUna TIkAkArAne ekUNa 182 gAthAMmadhye cANakyAce saMpUrNa caritra raMgavile Ahe. mULa lekhakAcI bhAvanA lakSAta gheUna ratnaprabhAne tyAta cANakyAcA dhUrta, mAyAvI ANi kuTila svabhAva nidarzanAsa ANalA Ahe. tase udgArahI vAraMvAra kADhale Aheta. tyA saMpUrNa caritrAcA parAmarza ApaNa puDhe 138

Page #148
kathAbAhya saMdarbha gheNAraca Ahota. tUrta 150 vyA dvAragAthevarIla nirIkSaNe puDhIlapramANe noMdavitA yetIla - caMdraguptAcA gurU mhaNUna cANakyAcA kelelA ullekha. parvatakAcyA (purUcyA ? selyukasacyA ?) madatIne caMdraguptAne magadha sAmrAjyAvara miLavilelA vijaya. cANakyAcyA sallyAnusAra caMdraguptAne kelelA parvatakAcA ghAta. vastuta: jinadAsagaNIMnI AvazyakacUrNItahI hA prasaMga citrita kelA Ahe. tathApi yAkaDe baghaNyAcA tyAMcA dRSTikoNa dharmadAsagaNIMpekSA pUrNa bhinna Ahe. cUrNIkAra yAca ghaTanekaDe cANakyAcyA pAriNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa mhaNUna baghatAta. cANakyAcyA kRtIMce samarthana na karaNArA graMthakAra mhaNUna dharmadAsagaNI ANi ratnaprabhasUrIMcA vizeSa vicAra karAvA lAgato. devavAcakagaNIkRta naMdIsUtra hA graMtha isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAtalA mAnalA jAto. 45 ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMthAMcyA yAdIta cUlikAsUtrAcyA rUpAne yAcI gaNanA kelI jAte. yA graMthAtIla 72 vyA sUtrAta mithyAzruta samajalyA gelelyA graMthAMcI eka yAdI dilelI Ahe. anuyogadvArasUtrApramANeca hI yAdI bhArata, rAmAyaNApAsUna surU hote. ANi aMgaupAMgasahita cAra vedAMnI saMpate. yA samakAlIna bhAratIya abhyAsakramAbAbatacI sarva nirIkSaNe anuyogadvArApramANeca asalyAne tyAMcI punarAvRttI kelelI nAhI. naMdIsUtrakArAce vegaLepaNa ase kI, tyAne eka atizaya cAMgalI vegaLI pustI yA yAdIlA joDalI Ahe. tI azI kI, eyAI micchaddiTThissa micchattapariggahiyAI miccha suyaM, eyANi ceva sammaddiTThissa sammattapariggahiyAI sammasuyaM / ahavA micchaddiTTissa vi sammasuyaM, kamhA ? sammattaheuttaNao

Page #149
kathAbAhya saMdarbha naMdIsUtrakArAcA bhAvArtha asA Ahe kI, "he sarva graMtha jara mithyAdRSTI asalelyAMnI vAcale tara te mithyAzruta TharatAta. anyathA samyakdRSTI ThevUna tAratamyAne vAcalyAsa teca graMtha samyakzruta hI TharatAta. itakeca navhe tara, mithyAdRSTI vyaktIne he graMtha vAcUna jara samyak bodha ghetalA tara tyAhI arthAne bhArata, rAmAyaNa, kauTilIya arthazAstra, veda ityAdI graMtha samyakzruta TharatAta." kauTilyazAstrAlA mithyAzrutAMcyA yAdIta TAkalyAmuLe kAhI abhyAsakAMcA asA gairasamaja jhAlA kI naMdIsUtrakArAlA yA sarva graMthAMnA jhiDakArUna phakta jainadharmIya graMthAMcI upAdeyatA sAMgAvayAcI Ahe. abhyAsakAMnI kADhalelA hA niSkarSa kharokharaca gairasamajAvara AdhArita Ahe. kAraNa graMthAMce tAtparya zodhatAnA naMdIsUtrakArAlA nirapekSa taTastha paraMtu udAramatavAdI dRSTikoNa apekSita Ahe. arthAtaca kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAkaDehI to yAca dRSTIne pAhato. utkRSTa rAjyavyavasthecA Adarza mhaNUna vyAvahArika kiMvA laukika dRSTIne arthazAstrAlA to mahanIya graMthaca samajato. 'mithyAzruta' mhaNUna bAjUlA TAkalelyA graMthAMkaDe baghaNyAcI navI dRSTI naMdIsUtrakArAne dilyAmuLe puDhIla kALAta jaNU vividha viSayAMvara likhANa karaNyAsAThI jaina AcAryAMnA eka naitika baLa prApta jhAle. tyAyogeca tyAMnI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, arthazAstra, SaDdarzane kiMbahunA itara lAkSaNika graMthahI atizaya utsAhAne lihile. arthAt he karatAnA tyAMnI jainIkaraNAcyA prakriyecA AdhAra mAtra jarUra ghetalA kAraNa tyAMcyA dRSTIne tIca samyakadRSTI hotI. naMdIsUtrAtIla 'mithyAzruta' zabdAkaDe pUrvagrahadUSitapaNe na pAhatA vyAvahArikapaNe pAhaNyAcA naMdIsUtrakArAcA sallA molAcAca mhaTalA pAhije. jaina kathAsAhityAta 140

Page #150
kathAbAhya saMdarbha cANakyAlA vAraMvAra uddhRta karaNyAmAgehI heca kAraNa asAve. eka zevaTacI TippaNI mhaNUna asehI mhaNatA yeIla kI, jaina lekhakAMnI vizeSataH zvetAMbarAMnI cANakyAlA 'parama zrAvaka' ase saMbodhUna kauTilIya arthazAstra he samyakzruta asalyAce sUcita kele Ahe. (7) jyAcA lekhaka ajJAta Ahe ase AturapratyAkhyAna nAvAce prakIrNaka prAcIna jaina mahArASTrItIla eka june prakIrNaka mhaNUna oLakhale jAte. prakIrNake yA prAyaH sthavirakRta racanA prakaraNa-graMthAsArakhyA asUna, pAraMparika 45 ardhamAgadhI AgamAMmadhye tyAMcA samAveza isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta kelA gelA asAvA, ase abhyAsakAMce mata Ahe. prakIrNakAMcI saMkhyA yAnaMtarahI vADhataca gelI. vizeSa goSTa azI kI, aneka prakIrNakAMmadhye prAmukhyAne paMDitamaraNAcA vicAra kelelA Ahe. anazana, prAyopagamana, bhaktapratyAkhyAna, pAdapopagamana, iMginImaraNa azA nAvAMnI prasiddha asalelyA mRtyuprakArAMce varNana tyAta yete. saMstAraka athavA saMlekhanA yA prakriyecyA aMtargata svIkAralelyA maraNAMcA sAMgopAMga vicAra yA prakIrNakAta yeto. Adarza maraNAce citraNa karatAnA prakIrNaka graMthAMnI vAraMvAra cANakyAce udAharaNa dilele Ahe. prakIrNakAtIla hI udAharaNe kramAne pAhU. AturapratyAkhyAna (2) yA prakIrNakAtIla 23 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, eso suhapariNAmo cANakko payahiUNa niyadehaM / uvavanno suraloe, paccakkhAyaM mae savvaM / / jyAne sarva jIvanAvazyaka goSTIMcA saMpUrNa tyAga karUna paMDitamaraNa svIkArale Ahe, azA vyaktIne kADhalele udgAra prastuta gAtheta vyakta kele Aheta. hI vyaktI 141

Page #151
kathAbAhya saMdarbha mhaNate, "cANakyAne jyApramANe zubha bhAva dhAraNa karUna ApalyA dehAlA agnIcyA svAdhIna kele ANi to devalokAta janmalA tyApramANe mI annavastrAdIMcA tyAga karUna, mamatvabhAvanecehI pratyAkhyAna kele Ahe." kAlakramAnusAra prakIrNakAMcyA pUrvI lihilyA gelelyA zivakoTyAcAryakRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAvAcyA graMthAta mRtyUcyA saMdarbhAta cANakyAcA kelelA ullekha, hA sarvaprathama mAnalA pAhije. zvetAMbara paraMpareta prakIrNakAMmadhye hA vicAra cANakyAcyA saMdarbhAta ANakhIhI vegavegaLyA prakAre mAMDalelA disato. (8) bhaktaparijJA prakIrNakAtIla 162 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, pADaliputtammi pure cANakko nAma vissuo AsI / savvAraMbhaniyatto iMgiNimaraNaM aha nivanno / / - yA choTyAzA gAthetUna sUcita hoNAr2yA goSTI puDhIlapramANe noMdavitA yetIla - cANakyAce pATaliputrAzI asalele ghaniSTha nAte. cANakyAce nAva samAjAta daMtakathA-AkhyAyikAMcyA dvAre sarvavizruta asaNe. maraNAcyA veLI cANakyAce sarva prakAracyA rAjanaitika upakramAtUna svecchApUrvaka nivRtta hoNe. tyAne iMginImaraNa yA mRtyuprakArAcA svIkAra karaNe kI jyAmadhye to aMtima avasthetahI koNAcIhI madata svIkArata nAhI. hI ghaTanA pATaliputrAcyA AsapAsaca ghaDalelI asaNe. hI gAthA azIcyA azI 'saMstAraka' prakIrNakAtahI punarAvRtta jhAlelI disate. cANakyAviSayIcA AdarabhAva yethe spaSTapaNe disUna yeto. 142

Page #152
kathAbAhya saMdarbha (9) maraNavibhakti nAmaka prakIrNakAta 479 vyA gAtheta hIca ghaTanA puDhIlapramANe noMdavilI Ahe - gobbara pAovagao subuddhiNA NigghiNeNa cANakko / daDDo na ya saMcalio, sA ha dhiI ciMtaNijjA u / / aneka tapazIla ekatritapaNe dilelyA yA gAtheta, cANakyAcyA vilakSaNa dhairyAcI prazaMsA kelI Ahe. tyAtIla itara goSTI puDhIlapramANe sAMgatA yetIla AdhIcyA prakIrNakAMpekSA thoDI vizeSa mAhitI yAtUna miLate. subuddhi hA atyaMta nighRNa hotA. tyAne jivaMtapaNIca cANakyAlA jALale. kadAcita nAva 'subandhu' ase disate. hI ghaTanA gobbara nAvAcyA choTyA gokulagrAmAta ghaDalI. bhagavAna mahAvIrAMcyA varSAvAsAMmadhye tyAMnI jyA jyA ThikANI nivAsa kelA, tyAmadhye gobbaragrAmAcA ullekha AvarjUna kelelA disato. mhaNaje yA prakIrNakAcyA mate suddhA, cANakyAcA aMta magadhapradezAtaca jhAlA. gobbaragrAma yA nAvAne cANakyAcyA saMstArakAcyA AsapAsa gomayApAsUna banalelyA govar2yA asAvyAta, ase sUcita hote. krUrabuddhIcyA subuddhIne peTavUna dilyAnaMtara govar2yA jvAlAgrAhI asalyAne Aga bhaDakalI, tarIhI cANakya ApalyA nizcayApAsUna calita jhAlA nAhI. pratyeka saMthArAdhAraka vyaktIne cANakyAcyA atulanIya dhairyAcA vicAra karAvA, asA ekaMdara Azaya disato. bhagavatI ArAdhanA graMthAtUna hI gAthA prAya: tazIcyA tazI ghetalelI disate.

Page #153
kathAbAhya saMdarbha (10) saMstAraka prakIrNakAtIla 73 vI gAthA, bhaktaparijJA prakIrNakAtIla gAthepramANeca Ahe. 74 vyA gAthecA Azaya javaLajavaLa maraNavibhakti-gAthezI miLatAjuLatA Ahe. zabda thoDe vegaLe Aheta. mhaTale Ahe kI, "pUjA karaNyAcyA nimittAne javaLa yeUna, cANakyAcyA zatrUne tyAcA deha jALalA. tyA jaLatyA avasthetahI tyAne ApalyA uttamArthAcA tyAga kelA nAhI." (11) ArAdhanApatAkA nAvAcyA prakIrNakAta 824 vyA gAtheta hIca ghaTanA puDhIlaprakAre namUda kelI Ahe - kiM na suo cANakko saDDho guDhe subaMdhuNA daho / iMgiNimaraNapavanno dhIro calio na jhANAo / / yA gAthetUna puDhIla tathye sUcita hotAta - 'kiM na suo' yA zabdAMmadhUna samAjAta maukhika paraMparene phiraNAr2yA AkhyAyikAMce sUcana hote. 'saDDha' yA zabdAne cANakyAce zrAvakatva sUcita kele Ahe. 'guTTha' yA zabdAne he sUcita hote kI hA bhayAnaka prasaMga goThyAta ghaDalA. goThyAlA Aga lAvaNyAce kAma subaMdhUne kele. cANakyAne svIkAralele maraNa 'iMginImaraNa' nAvAcyA prakArAta moDate. cANakyAcyA atulanIya dhairyAcA gaurava 'dhIro' yA zabdAne kelA Ahe. yA bhayaMkara prasaMgI cANakya dhyAnamagna hotA. tyAcA dhyAnabhaMga jhAlA nAhI. ekaMdarIta, prakIrNakAMmadhye cANakyAcyA mRtyUviSayIcI vidhAne asalI tarI cANakyAcyA jIvanAcI saMpUrNa pArzvabhUmI prakIrNakAMcyA kartyAMnA jJAta Ahe he spaSTapaNe 144

Page #154
kathAbAhya saMdarbha jANavate. brAhmaNa paraMparene cANakyAcyA mRtyUbAbata maunaca pALaNe pasaMta kelele disate. (12) vyavahArabhASya yA graMthAce ardhamAgadhI AgamAMvarIla TIkAsAhityAta eka vaiziSTyapUrNa sthAna Ahe. azI mAnyatA Ahe kI kalpabhASya, nizIthabhASya ANi vyavahArabhASya hI tInahI bhASye isavI sanAcyA cauthyA-pAcavyA zatakAta ArSa-prAkRtAta athavA prAcIna jaina mahArASTrIta lihilI gelI. yA bhASyagAthA, niyuktigAthAMmadhye mizrita svarUpAta ADhaLUna yetAta. kalpa, nizItha ANi vyavahArasUtrAMcA mukhya uddeza, sAdhuAcArAcI niyamAvalI tayAra karaNe hA asalA tarI yA bhASyagAthAMmadhye daMtakathA, AkhyAyikA ANi anuzruti yA saMkSipta svarUpAta sUcita karUna ThevalyA Aheta. vyavahArabhASyAcyA mULa gAthAMmadhye tIna ThikANI cANakyaviSayaka ghaTanAMce sUcana kelele disate. isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta malayagirIne lihilelyA TIkecyA madatIkherIja tyAtIla mULa kathecA gAbhA ulagaDaNe, javaLajavaLa azakya Ahe. yA ThikANI vyavahArabhASyAne sUcita kelelI kathA kevaLa saMkSipta svarUpAta noMdavilelI Ahe. (a) vyavahArabhASya 1.91 (716) madhye ase mhaTale Ahe kI, naMde bhoiya khaNNA Arakkhiya ghaDaNa geru naladAme / muIga geha DahaNA ThavaNA bhatte sukattasirA / / pATaliputrAta guptapaNe naMdAcI jI pakSapAtI mANase rahAta hotI tyAMcA kATA kADhaNyAsAThI cANakyAne naladAma nAvAcyA viNakarAcI nemaNUka kelI. saMkaTa muLApAsUna naSTa karaNyAcA naladAmAcA svabhAva oLakhUna, cANakyAne tyAlA ArakSaka' pada dile. 145

Page #155
kathAbAhya saMdarbha naMda-pakSapAtI mANasAMnA bhojanAnimitta bolAvUna, tyAMcI mastake naladAmAne chATUna TAkalI. malayagirIne AvazyakacUrNIcyA AdhAre saMpUrNa kathA vistArAne sAMgitalI Ahe. tyAne cANakyAcA spaSTa ullekha kelA Ahe va tohI atyaMta AdarapUrvaka ! (ba) vyavahArabhASya 1.132 (952) madhye mhaTale Ahe kI, bhaMbhIyamAsurukkhe, mADharakoDiNNa (? lla) daMDanItIsu / atha'laMca'pakkhagAhI, erisayA rUvajakkhA tu / / yA gAthecA artha kAhIsA saMdigdha asalA tarI kauTilyAcyA daMDanItIcA spaSTa ullekha yAta Ahe. alaMca' yA zabdAtUna kauTilyAne lAcakhorIlA kasA ALA ghAtalA hotA he spaSTa hote. 'apakkhagAhI' yA zabdAtUna cANakyAcA niSpakSapAtIpaNA sAMgitalA Ahe. yA bhASyAta cANakyAviSayI (kauTilyAviSayI) je mhaTale Ahe tyAtUna tyAcyAviSayIcA AdarabhAva vyakta hoto. (ka) vyavahArabhASya 10.592 (4420) madhye mhaTale Ahe kI, paDiNIya koI, aggiM se savvato padejjAhi / pAdovagate saMte, jaha cANakkassa va karise / / cANakyAcyA pAdapopagamana maraNAcA yA gAtheta vicAra kelelA Ahe. tyAcyA zatrUne tyAlA koNatyA prakAre jALale, tyAcA nirdeza uparokta prakIrNakAMmadhye kelelyA varNanApekSA phArasA bhinna nAhI. 146

Page #156
kathAbAhya saMdarbha (13)nizIthabhASyAMcI racanA saMghadAsagaNIMnI kelI Ahe, ase jaina paraMparA mAnate. nizIthabhASyAta ekUNa 6703 gAthA asUna, tyA 20 uddezakAMmadhye vibhAgalelyA Aheta. yA bhASyagAthAMmadhye gAthAMce tIna saMca ase Aheta kI, jyAmadhye cANakyaviSayaka AkhyAyikA saMkSepAne sAMgitalyA Aheta. yA tInahI bhASyasaMcAMvara nizIthacUrNIta thoDyA adhika vistArAne kathAbhAga yetAta. (a) nizIthabhASyAcyA 616 vyA gAtheta, amAtya cANakyAviSayIcA eka dRSTAMta yeto. viSapuSpAMcA gaMdha gheNyAsa subaMdhUlA bhAga pADUna, cANakyAne tyAcA kasA sUDa ghetalA - yAcI kathA yethe mojakyA zabdAta dilI Ahe. (ba) nizIthabhASyAcyA 4463-64-65 yA tIna gAthAMmadhye kusumapurAtIla (pATaliputrAtIla) duSkALAcA saMdarbha yeto. guptarUpAne caMdraguptAcA AhAra bhakSaNa karaNAr2yA dona taruNa jaina munIMcyA, yA kRtyAcA chaDA, cANakya kazA prakAre lAvato, yAcI kathA yethe saMkSipta rUpAta yete. (ka) nizIthabhASyAcyA 5137-38-39 yA tIna gAthAMmadhye, mauryAcyA AjJecA kelelA bhaMga ANi tyAMnA cANakyAne dilelI grAmadAhAcI zikSA yAbaddalacA ullekha sArAMza rUpAne yeto. (14) AvazyakacUrNI hI jinadAsagaNi-mahattarAMcI eka vaiziSTyapUrNa sAhityakRtI mAnalI jAte. nizIthavizeSacUrNI hI dekhIla jinadAsagaNIMcI dusarI mahattvapUrNa kRtI hoya. yA donhI cUrNI isavI sanAcyA sahAvyA-sAtavyA zatakAta lihilelyA asUna, tyAMcI bhASA abhijAta jaina mahArASTrI Ahe. prAkRtacyA abhyAsakAMnI jinadAsagaNIMcyA sahaja oghavatyA bhASecI vizeSa dakhala ghetalI Ahe. cANakyAcyA 147

Page #157
kathAbAhya saMdarbha jIvanacaritrAcyA dRSTIne Avazyaka ANi nizIthacUrNI, he khUpaca mahattvapUrNa mUlAdhAra gaNale jAtAta. sahAvyA-sAtavyA zatakApUrvI upalabdha asalele cANakyaviSayaka sarva troTaka saMdarbha ekatrita guMphUna ANi tyAMnA kalpanAzaktIcI thoDI joDa deUna, yA donhI cUrNImadhye miLUna cANakyAcA janmApAsUna mRtyUparyaMtacA sarva vRttAMta yethe thoDA-thoDA vibhAgUna dilA Ahe. hemacaMdrAcyA saMskRta cANakyacaritrAcAhI hAca mahattvAcA mUlAdhAra Ahe. AvazyakacUrNItIla mahattvAce ullekha yApramANe Aheta - (a) AvazyakacUrNI (khaMDa 1) pR.156 : kauTilyakRta arthazAstrAcA saMkSipta ullekha. (ba) AvazyakacUrNI (khaMDa 2) pR.281 : cANakyAne kelelI parapASaMDAMcI prazaMsA ANi tyAce pariNAma. (ka) AvazyakacUrNI (khaMDa 2) pR.563-566 : cANakyAcyA pAriNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa mhaNUna, cANakyAcyA janmApAsUna caMdraguptAcA rAjakoSa bharaNyAparyaMtacA vistRta vRttAMta. (15-17) nizIthavizeSacUrNI hA graMtha samakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtI samajAvUna gheNyAsAThI, mahattvapUrNa asA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta lihilelA graMtha mAnalA jAto. to AkArAne itakA pracaMDa Ahe kI ekUNa cAra bhAgAta to prakAzita kelelA Ahe. jinadAsagaNIMnI AdhI svata:ca lihilelyA AvazyakacUrNIta cANakyAcyA caritrAtIla jo kathAbhAga lihilelA Ahe to dhyAnAta gheUna nizIthacUrNIta atyaMta vicArapUrvaka, cANakyAcyA AyuSyAcA uttarArdha noMdavilA Ahe. arthAt sAdhuAcArAtIla viziSTa niyamAMsAThI dilelI udAharaNe mhaNUnaca 148

Page #158
kathAbAhya saMdarbha yA cANakyakathA yetAta. nizIthacUrNItIla cANakyaviSayaka ullekha yApramANe Aheta - (a) nizIthacUrNI (khaMDa 2) pR.32-33 (ba) nizIthacUrNI (khaMDa 3) pR.423-424 (ka) nizIthacUrNI (khaMDa 4) pR.10-11 (18) AcArAMgacUrNIce kartRtva paraMparene isavI sanAcyA sahAvyA-sAtavyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA jinadAsagaNIMkaDeca jAte. tathApi AcArAMgacUrNIcI bhASA Avazyaka va nizIthacUrNIpekSA kAhI pramANAta vegaLI disate. AcArAMgacUrNIta phakta ekA ThikANI cANakyAcA ojharatA ullekha yeto. zivAya tethe AvazyakacUrNIcA saMdarbha ajibAta dilelA nAhI. a) cANakyAcyA patnIcA ticyA garibImuLe apamAna jhAlyAne, cANakyAcyA kAnAvara hI goSTa gelyAvara, tyAne naMdavaMzAcA uccheda kelA - asA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNIcyA 49 vyA pRSThAvara yeto. AcArAMgAcyA 1.1.2.1 madhye mhaTale Ahe kI, 'mAtA-pitA --- patnI ityAdIMmadhye Asakta asalele loka pramAdAsa pravRtta hotAta.' yA vAkyAcyA spaSTIkaraNAsAThI cANakyAcA vara dilelA ojharatA ullekha yeto. AvazyakacUrNIta jo cUrNIkAra cANakyAce jIvanacaritra atyaMta gauravAne sAMgato toca cUrNIkAra AcArAMgacUrNIta cANakyAcyA AsaktIsaMbaMdhI ANi pramAdAsaMbaMdhI itake anudAra udgAra kADhela, he tarkabuddhIlA paTata nAhI. hIca goSTa sUtrakRtAMgAcyA cUrNIlAhI lAgU paDate. tyAmuLe sarva upalabdha cUrNI jinadAsagaNIMnI lihilyA, yA pAraMpArika matAbAbata vivAda utpanna hoU zakato. paraMtu prastuta saMdarbhAta tyA 149

Page #159
kathAbAhya saMdarbha vivAdAta na ziraNeca yogya Tharela. AcArAMgacUrNIta 'golla' dezAcA ullekha yeto. DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina yAMcyA mate, hA pradeza godAvarIcyA tIrAvara Ahe. tyAMnI golla dezAtIla kAhI vaiziSTye ANi khAdyapadArtha sAMgitale Aheta. (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, je.sI.jaina, pR.213). AvazyakacUrNIta 'golla' dezAcA ullekha cANakyAce janmasthAna mhaNUna yeto. paraMtu tethe golla dezAcI vaiziSTye noMdavilelI nAhIta. AcArAMgacUrNIta golla dezAcI vizeSa mAhitI yete. paraMtu cANakyAce janmasthAna mhaNUna tyAcA ullekha yeta nAhI. pariNAmI cANakyAcyA janmasthAnAce vaiziSTya va bhaugolika sthAna, he eka gUDhaca rAhate. golla dezAcyA mAhitIta samanvaya nasaNe, hI goSTahI AcArAMgacUrNI ANi AvazyakacUrNIce karte 'vegaLe' asalyAceca sUcita karate. (19) sUtrakRtAMgacUrNIcyA pR.167 vara mhaTale Ahe kI, "mAyAvI mANase phasavaNUka karUna kAmabhoga prApta karatAta. cANakya arthAt kauTilyAne lihilelyA arthazAstrAtUna loka ase zikatAta kI, lokAMcI phasavaNUka kazI karAvI. yAnusAra vaNik Adi loka lAca deNe, phasavaNUka karaNe ityAdI mArgAne paisA goLA karatAta." yA udgArAtUna dona goSTI spaSTa hotAta. eka mhaNaje arthazAstrAcA lekhaka mhaNUna kauTilya va cANakya yA donhI nAvAMcA ullekha asaNe. dusarI goSTa mhaNaje, 'cANakya hA phasavaNukIcyA kalecA udgAtA hotA, asA dRSTikoNa mAMDaNe.' sUtrakRtAMgacUrNIcyA pR.177 vara dekhIla prANighAtAsAThI jyA goSTI zikalyA jAtAta tyAMmadhye kauTilyazAstrAcI gaNanA kelI Ahe. ekaMdarIta, AcArAMga ANi sUtrakRtAMgacUrNIta cANakyAviSayI je pratikUla ANi anudAra udgAra kADhale Aheta tyAcI dakhala cANakyAcyA AkhyAyikA 150

Page #160
kathAbAhya saMdarbha ANi caritre lihiNAr2yA koNatyAhI lekhakAMnI ghetalelI nAhI. haribhadra, zIlAMka, abhayadeva, malayagiri, jayasiMha ANi hemacaMdra yAMnI Avazyaka ANi nizIthacUNIMcA yathocita vApara karUna ghetalA Ahe. paraMtu maMtrataMtra, mAyA, vaMcanA he durguNa sAMgaNAr2yA AcArAMga-sUtrakRtAMga-cUrNIkaDe pUrNa durlakSa kele Ahe. (20) dazavaikAlikacUrNIta pR.81-82 vara naMdAcyA subaMdhu nAvAcyA amAtyAcI kathA AlI Ahe. tyAne cANakyAcA ghAta kasA kelA ANi he sarva AdhIca oLakhUna cANakyAne subaMdhUlA kasA dhaDA zikavilA, hA sarva kathAbhAga yethe yeto. AvazyakacUrNIta AlelyA kathAbhAgAcA jaNU to uttarArdhaca Ahe. dazavaikAlikAcyA 'sAmaNNapuvvayaM' yA dusar2yA adhyayanAvara lihilelyA cUrNIta 'arthakathA' yA kathAprakArAce spaSTIkaraNa deta asatAnA kAhI dRSTAMta dile Aheta. 'cANakyAne koNakoNatyA upAyAMnI rAjAcA koSa bharalA' - yAviSayIcI kathA cUrNIkAra deto. (21-23) haribhadra he isavI sanAcyA AThavyA zatakAta hoUna gelele jaina lekhaka (AcArya) hota. te tyAMcyA bahumukhI pratibhemuLe sarva jaina sAhityikAMmadhye vegaLepaNAne uThUna disatAta. saMskRta, jaina mahArASTrI ANi apabhraMza yA tInahI bhASAMvara tyAMce samAna prabhutva hote. sAhityAcI jevaDhI mhaNUna aMge asatAta, tyA sagaLyAMmadhye tyAMnI ApalI lekhaNI cAlavilI. muLAta te eka vedavidyApAraMgata brAhmaNa asalyAmuLe tyAMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA atizaya bArakAIne abhyAsa kelA asAvA. mhaNUnaca tyAMcyA TIkAgraMthAta, upadezapara graMthAta kiMbahunA khaMDakAvyAtahI cANakyaviSayaka ullekha vipula pramANAta ADhaLatAta. eka atizaya 151

Page #161
kathAbAhya saMdarbha pratibhAvAna, ni:SpakSapAtI dArzanika asalyAmuLe jaina ANi ajaina donhI vartuLAta tyAMce nAva AdarapUrvaka ghetalele disate. (a) Avazyaka ANi dazavaikAlika TIketIla cANakyaviSayaka kathAMza - 1) AvazyakaTIkA pR.342 : manuSyatvAcyA durlabhatvAsAThI dilelyA dahA dRSTAMtAta cANakyAne arthaprAptIsAThI tayAra kelelyA yaMtrapAzakAcI kathA. AvazyakaTIkA pR.405: cANakyAne sAdhUMcyA dharmaparIkSesAThI caMdraguptAzI kelelyA vicAravimarzAcI saMkSiptakathA. AvazyakaTIkA pR.818: cANakyAne kelelyA parapASaMDAMcyA prazaMsecI kathA. dazavaikAlikaTIkA pR.435 : pATaliputrAtIla pramukha vyApAr2yAMkaDUna, tyAMcI saMpattI vadavUna gheUna, cANakyAne rAjAcA koSa kasA bharalA tyAcI kathA. (ba) upadezapada graMthAtIla dvAragAthA - upadezapadAtIla 7; 50; 139; 196 yA cAra dvAragAthAMmadhye anukrame durlabha manuSyatva, pAriNAmikI buddhI, cANakyAce vanagamana ANi cANakya-caMdraguptAce guruziSya nAte - yAMviSayIcyA kathAMce sUcana ekekA gAtheta kelele Ahe. (ka) haribhadrAce dhUrtAkhyAna he khaMDakAvya, vyaMga-upahAsapradhAna kAvyAcA eka utkRSTa namunA mhaNUna, prAkRtacyA abhyAsakAMkaDUna nehamIca vAkhANalA jAto. yA kAvyAta pAca dhUrta rAjAMcI kathA AlI Ahe. dhUrtIcA mukuTamaNI mhaNUna samajalI jANArI khaMDapAnA nAvAcI eka dhUrta strI dekhIla tyAta raMgavilI Ahe. dhUrtAkhyAna 5.1 (pR.24) vara mhaTale Ahe kI, "khaMDapAnA hI buddhIne sarvAMcyA varacaDha asUna atizaya dhUrta hotI. tI jaNU kAhI arthazAstrAcI nirmAtIca hotI." 152

Page #162
kathAbAhya saMdarbha buddhimAna ANi dhUrta azI koNatIhI vyaktirekhA raMgavatAnA haribhadrAlA cANakyAcyA arthazAstrAcI AThavaNa AlyAzivAya rahAta nAhI. (24) kuvalayamAlA hI udyotanasUrIMcI gadyapadyamaya kAdaMbarIvajA pradIrgha kathA Ahe. jaina mahArASTrI bhASeta lihilelI hI kAdaMbarI abhijAta jaina mahArASTrIcA utkRSTa namunA asUna samakAlIna sAMskRtika saMdarbhAcA jaNU kAhI khajinAca Ahe. (a) kuvalayamAlecyA pR.56 vara vArANasI nagarIcA ullekha asUna mhaTale Ahe kI, jahiM ca NayarIhiM jaNo deyaNao attha-saMgaha-paro ya, --- sikkhavijjaMti juvANA kalAkalAvaI cANakkasatthaI ca / yA ullekhAta, vArANasI nagarAtIla yuvaka cANakyazAstra arthAt kauTilIya arthazAstrAce adhyayana karIta asata, ase mhaTale Ahe. ___'cANakya ANi kauTilya he donhI vegaLe Aheta kI ekaca ?' asA prazna abhyAsakAMnI upasthita kelelA disato. taseca, 'cANakya nAvAcI koNI vegaLI vyaktI hoUna gelI ANi arthazAstra mAtra kauTilyAne racale', asA jyA abhyAsakAMcA gairasamaja Ahe tyAMnA jaina sAhityAtIla ullekhAMvarUna yogya te uttara miLate. cANakya, kauTilya ANi viSNugupta, yA tInahI ekaca vyaktI asUna tIca vyaktI caMdragupta mauryAcA amAtya ANi kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA lekhaka hotI - he tathya jaina ullekhAMvarUna spaSTa hote. (ba) dusar2yA ekA ThikANI kuvalayamAleta 16 prakAracyA dezI bhASAMce va tyAMcyA pradezAMce ullekha yetAta. 'golla' pradezAtIla vyApAr2yAMce varNana karatAnA udyotanasUri mhaNatAta kI, "golla dezAtIla loka varNAne kALe, kaThora bolaNAre, atizaya vilAsI, kalahazIla ANi lajjArahita asatAta. te bolatAnA vAraMvAra 'aDDe' yA zabdAcA vApara karatAta." 153

Page #163
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 'golla' deza hA jara godAvarI nadIcyA tIrAvarIla pradeza mAnalA ANi zvetAMbara lekhakAMnI cANakyAcyA janmasthAnAce nAva golladeza dilyAmuLe, jara yAta kAhI saMgatI gRhIta dharalI tara tyA arthAne cANakya hA 'dAkSiNAtya' Tharela. kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAce ekulate eka hastalikhita tamiLa bhASetIla asUna, te trAvaNakora yethe sApaDale - hI ghaTanA kadAcit varIla saMdarbhAta arthapUrNa asU zakela. azA paristhitIta nivRttInaMtara cANakya ApalyA janmadezI arthAt dakSiNekaDIla golladezAta parata AlA asaNyAcI zakyatAhI nAkAratA yeta nAhI. digaMbara lekhaka hariSeNAne AyuSyAcyA uttarArdhAta cANakyAlA 'dakSiNApathagAmI' mhaTale asela tara te phArase gaira Tharata nAhI. 25-26) (a) AcArAMgaTIkecyA pR.100 varIla ekA oLIta AlelyA ullekhAcA bhAvArtha asA Ahe - "bhAryenimitta utpanna jhAlelyA rAgadveSAce he udAharaNa Ahe. bahiNI, mevhaNe yAMnI kelelyA apamAnAmuLe cANakyAcI patnI apamAnita jhAlI. tyAmuLe cANakya dravya yAcanesAThI naMdarAjAkaDe gelyAvara jhAlelyA apamAnAmuLe tyAne naMdakulAcA nAza kelA." (ba) sUtrakRtAMgaTIkecyA 169 vyA pAnAvara zIlAMka mhaNato, tathA cANakyAbhiprAyeNa paro vaJcayitavyo'rthopAdanArtham / zIlAMkAce ase mata disate kI, cANakyAcyA mhaNaNyAnusAra paise miLaviNyAsAThI dusar2yAlA phasavAyalA harakata nAhI. * AcArAMga ANi sUtrakRtAMgAcyA cUrNIkArAne cANakyAbaddala je niMdAspada udgAra 154

Page #164
kathAbAhya saMdarbha kADhale Aheta tyAcAca anuvAda zIlAMkAnehI kelelA disato. AvazyakacUrNItUna cANakyAcI niMdAspadatA vyakta hota nAhI. mAtra AcArAMga-sUtrakRtAMgAcyA cUrNItUna hote. mhaNUna punhA ekadA namUda karAvese vATate kI, AcArAMga-sUtrakRtAMgAce cUrNIkAra ANi AvazyakAce cUrNIkAra hyA donhI vegavegaLyA vyaktI asAvyAta. (27) jayasiMhasUrIMnI lihilelA dharmopadezamAlA hA graMtha navavyA zatakAtIla asUna, dvAragAthAMmadhye tyAMnI saMkSepAne kathAMce sUcana kele Ahe. yA graMthAvarIla 'vivaraNa' nAvAcyA TIketa sUcita kelelyA kathA vistArAne dilelyA Aheta. vizeSa mhaNaje, vivaraNakArAne Avazyakaniyukti, cUrNI ANi TIkAMce ullekha kelele Aheta. (a) 40 vyA dvAragAtheta (pR.129) cANakyAne vyApAr2yAMkaDUna yuktIne miLavilelyA dhanArjanAcI kathA yete. (ba) 50 vyA dvAragAtheta (pR.138) subaMdhu sacivAcI kathA yete. yA donhI kathA, yA pustakAtIla mukhya kathAbhAgAta dilyAmuLe, yethe punarAvRtta kelelyA nAhIta. tathApi vizeSa namUda karaNyAsArakhI goSTa azI kI, jayasiMhAcA ANi TIkAkArAcA cANakyAviSayIcA AdaraNIya dRSTikoNaca yA katheta disUna yeto. jinezvarasUriracita kathAkoSaprakaraNa hA graMtha nAvApramANeca aneka pAraMparika jaina kathAMcA, jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta, isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta lihilelA, eka lakSaNIya kathAsaMgraha Ahe. munI jinavijayajIMnI yA graMthAlA 155 28)

Page #165
kathAbAhya saMdarbha atizaya abhyAsapUrNa azI prastAvanA lihilI Ahe. tyAMnI AvarjUna mhaTale Ahe kI, yA kathAnakAMmadhye Ayurveda, dhanurveda, nATyazAstra, kAmazAstra ANi vizeSataH kauTilIya arthazAstrAtUna ghetalele aneka mUlagAmI saMdarbha jinezvarasUrIMcyA caturasra buddhIcI sAkSa detAta. (prastAvanA pR.123-124). (a) suMdarInaMdakathAnaka yA katheta, kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla zabdAvalI, padAvalI ANi vAkyecyA vAkye kauTilIya arthazAstrAtUna, jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta rUpAMtarita kelelI disatAta. tyAtIla saMbaMdhita paricchedAcA bhAvArtha puDhIlapramANe detA yeIla - "rAjya karaNe he kAya kApuruSAMce (yerAgabALAMce) kAma Ahe kA ? -- rAjepaNa svIkArale kI khudda svata:cyA patnIvarahI vizvAsa ThevUna cAlata nAhI. svata:ce putra, amAtya ANi sAmaMta yAMcyA ekaniSThatecI kasoTI pahAvI lAgate. mahAzvapatisaMdhivigrAhika-pANihArika-mahAnasika-sthagikAvAhaka-zayyApAla-aMgarakSaka ityAdI sarvAMcyA parIkSApUrvaka nemaNukA karAvyA lAgatAta. pratyaMtavAsI zatrUcyA rAjyAta pradhAna, maMtrigaNa ANi sAmaMta yAMcyAmadhye bhedanItIne phUTa pADAvI lAgate. -- taseca Apaleca hera zatrurAjyAtIla loka asalyAce bhAsavUna kUTalekha lihUna, sonyAce ANi bhUmIce AmiSa dAkhavUna, ApalyAca maMtrI ANi sAmaMtAMcI parIkSA ghyAvI lAgate. gupta maMtraNedvAre ApalyAca rAjaputrAMnA, maMtrI ANi sAmaMtAMcyA dvAre, pralobhana dAkhavAve lAgate kI, 'tujhyA pitAjIMnA haTavUna AmhI tulA siMhAsanAvara basavato.'-- jakAtanAkyAMvara Apale guptahera nemUna lAca deUna karacukavegirI karaNAr2yA vyApAr2yAMvara sarakAradarabArAta khaTale cAlavAve lAgatAta. --thoDakyAta kAya tara, sadaiva itarAMcyA baddala avizvAsaca manAta dhAraNa karAvA lAgato. -- he mAte ! jo rAjyazrIce pAlana karaNyAsa samartha Ahe to pravrajyece pAlana sahajaca karU zakela." (suMdarInaMdakathAnaka pR.176 177)

Page #166
kathAbAhya saMdarbha varIla paricchedAtIla pratyeka vAkya kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI nikaTace sAmya darzavite. jaNU kAhI jinezvarasUrIMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA pahilyA adhikaraNAtIla 8 te 20 yA adhyayanAMcA sArAMzaca yethe prastuta kelA Ahe. vizeSa goSTa azI kI, cANakyAviSayIcI anAdarAcI bhAvanA jinezvarasUri koThehI vyakta karIta nAhI. prastuta pariccheda tara jaina paraMparetIla arthazAstrAcyA mUlagAmI adhyayanAcI atizaya jivaMta azI sAkSa deto. (ba) prastuta suMdarIkathAnakAtIla sAgara nAvAcA eka vyApArI arthazAstrAce mahattva vizada karatAnA mhaNato kI, 'dAna, bhoga ANi itara dhArmika kriyA sarvasvI arthAzI (paizAzI) nigaDita Aheta. sAgaradattAcyA mukhAtUna jaNU kAhI kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla eka mahattvAce sUtraca vadavile Ahe. te mhaNaje, 'arthamUlau dhrmkaamau|" (ka) jinezvarasUrIMcAca dusarA eka graMtha Ahe- 'paMcaliMgIprakaraNa'. tyAtIla eka vyaktI dusar2yAsa upadeza deta Ahe kI, dayALU aMta:karaNAcyA sajjana mANasAne cANakya, paMcataMtra ANi kAmaMdaka yAMcyA kadhIhI vATelA jAU naye. kAraNa tyAmadhye phasavaNUka, mAyAcAra ANi avizvAsAcyA aneka rAjanaitika yuktyA-prayuktyA sAMgitalyA Aheta.' (kathAkoSaprakaraNa, prastAvanA, pR.56) sArAMzAne ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, jinezvarAMnI cANakyaviSayaka saMdarbhAMcI eka vegaLIca paddhata avalaMbilI Ahe. cANakyAcyA pAraMparika kathA jazAcyA tazA na detA, tyAMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA sUkSma abhyAsa karUna, tyAtIla pariccheda prAkRtAta rUpAMtarita karUna, kathAprasaMgAMcyA oghAta atizaya kauzalyAne guMphale Aheta. 29-31) abhayadevAne citrita kelelA kauTilya ANi tyAce arthazAstra isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta hoUna gelelA abhayadeva yAne ardhamAgadhI 157

Page #167
kathAbAhya saMdarbha AgamAMcyA saMdarbhAta atyaMta mahattvAce kArya karUna Thevalele disate. ardhamAgadhItIla akarA prAcIna graMtha 'aMgagraMtha' mhaNUna oLakhale jAtAta. tyAtIla pahilyA dona graMthAMvara arthAt AcArAMga va sUtrakRtAMgAvara zIlAMkAne AdhIca ApalyA 'TIkA' prastuta kelyA hotyA. uralelyA naU aMgagraMthAMvara abhayadevAne TIkAlekhanAce kAma pUrNa kele. abhayadevAce vaiziSTya ase kI, tyAne pUrvApAra cAlata AlelyA cANakyakathAMcI punarAvRttI kelelI nAhI. cANakya Urpha kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAce tyAne kelele ullekha prAsaMgika ANi saMkSipta Aheta. bhASA saMskRta Ahe. (29) sthAnAMga 4.4.361 (pR.281) yA TIkemadhye abhayadevAne cANakyAcA vicAravimarza gheUna vividha saMpradAyAMcyA sAdhUMcI kazI parIkSA ghetalI va tyAta jaina sAdhU kase kasoTIsa utarale - yAviSayIcI kathA ekA oLIta dilI Ahe. abhayadevAne hA vRttAMta AvazyakacUrNItUna uddhRta kelA asalA tarI to sAdhUMcyA pariSahAMcyA saMdarbhAta upayojita kelA Ahe. hemacaMdrAne pariziSTaparvAta hI kathA bar2yAca vistArAne dilI Ahe. AvazyakacUrNIta ANi pariziSTaparvAta donhI ThikANI cANakya jainadharmI 'zrAvaka' asalyAce namUda kele Ahe. abhayadevAne kelelyA tInahI ullekhAta cANakyAce zrAvakatva adhorekhita kelele nAhI. (30) samavAyAMga 30 gA.26 (pR.55) / yA TIkemadhye abhayadeva kathAdhikaraNAni' yA zabdAce spaSTIkaraNa deta Ahe. yethe 'adhikaraNa' hA zabda 'hiMsAtmaka kriyelA protsAhana' azA jaina pAribhASika arthAneca abhayadevAne spaSTa kelA Ahe. kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAta pazupAlana ANi zetI yA dona 158

Page #168
kathAbAhya saMdarbha vyavasAyAMmadhye karAvyA lAgaNAr2yA anivArya hiMsecA ullekha yeto. mhaNUna 'kathA' yA zabdAcA artha 'vAkya-prabaMdhaka-zAstra' asA karUna, kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla varIla ullekha namUda kelA Ahe. kRSI, gorakSa ityAdI vyavasAyAMmadhye pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika ityAdI taseca trasakAyika jIvAMcA ghAta hota asalyAmuLe, he sarva vyavasAya vyaktIcyA durgatIlA kAraNIbhUta TharatAta - asA abhayadevAcA abhiprAya disato. paryAyAne yA vyavasAyAMnA uttejana deNAre kauTilIya arthazAstra suddhA tyAlA niSiddha mAnAvayAce Ahe kAya ? - asA prazna upasthita hoto. abhayadevAcyA yA vAkyAcA artha lAvatAnA mAgacApuDhacA saMdarbha pAhaNe atizaya Avazyaka Tharate. prastuta saMdarbhAta sAdhUMsAThI vikathAMcA tyAga karaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. hiMselA protsAhana deNAr2yA kathAdhikaraNAcA niSedha sAdhUMsAThI Ahe, zrAvakAMsAThI navhe. kAraNa bahutAMzI vaizyavarNIya asalelyA jaina gRhasthAMcehI kRSI, gorakSa, vANijya heca paraMparAprApta vyavasAya hote. thoDA adhika vicAra kelA tara ase disate kI kRSI ANi pazupAlanAtIla hiMsekaDe baghaNyAcA niSedhAtmaka sUra jasajasA vADhata gelA tasatasA kRSI ANi pazupAlanAcA jaina gRhasthAMcA vyavasAya mAge paDUna, vANijyAlAca prAdhAnya yeta gele. (31) jJAtAdharmakathA 1.15 (pR.12) yA TIketa zreNikaputra abhayakumAra koNakoNatyA zAstrAMmadhye pravINa hotA, tyAcI khUpa moThI yAdI dilI Ahe. tyAta arthazAstrAcAhI ullekha Ahe. abhayadeva mhaNato, arthazAstre - arthopAyavyutpAdagranthe kauTilyarAjanItyAdau / * vastuta: zreNikaputra abhayakumAra bha. mahAvIrAMnA samakAlIna Ahe. tyAmuLe sumAre 159

Page #169
kathAbAhya saMdarbha donaze varSAMnaMtara jhAlelyA kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsa abhayakumAra kasA karaNAra ?- asA vicAra abhayadevAne kelelA disata nAhI. pariNAmI kevaLa nItizAstrAcA ullekha na karatA, kAlaviparyAsAne to kauTilya rAjanItIcAhI karato. yAvarUna asehI disate kI, isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta arthazAstraviSayaka graMthAMmadhye kauTilIya arthazAstra graMthAcAca sarvAdhika bolabAlA hotA. sArAMza kAya tara, abhayadevAce cANakyaviSayaka tInahI ullekha tapAsale tara ase disate kI, laukika jIvanAtIla suyogya zAsanapaddhatI ANi samRddhI yAsAThI gRhastha ANi rAjakulAtIla vyaktI yAMcyAsAThI tyAne kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA puraskAra kelA. tathApi adhyAtmalakSyI sAdhUne mAtra arthazAstrAtIla 'adhikaraNAtmakatA' dhyAnI gheUna, yA graMthApAsUna dUraca rAhAve, asA abhayadevAcA ekaMdara abhiprAya disato. (32) nemicaMdra Urpha deveMdragaNIMnI kelelyA sAhityaracanAMmadhye uttarAdhyayanasUtrAvarIla tyAMnI lihilelI sukhabodhATIkA, prAkRtacyA abhyAsakAMnA atizaya mahattvAcI vATate. prAkRta va saMskRtavara samAna prabhutva asalelyA deveMdragaNIMnI isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta lihilelI hI TIkA tyAMcyA abhijAta ANi zailIdAra jaina mahArASTrIsAThI khUpaca abhyAsalI gelI. uttarAdhyayanAtIla gAthAMcI spaSTIkaraNe saMskRtAta tara tyAsAThI pUraka mhaNUna dilelyA kathA tyAMnI jaina mahArASTrIta lihilyA. yA TIketa cANakyAce dona pramukha saMdarbha dRSTotpattIsa yetAta. (a) tyApaikI pahilA saMdarbha uttarAdhyayana 2.17 varIla TIketa yeto. hA saMdarbha 160

Page #170
kathAbAhya saMdarbha magadhAcyA itihAsAcyA dRSTIne atizaya mahattvAcA Tharato. yethe namUda kele Ahe kI, "prAcIna kALI kSitipratiSThita nAvAce nagara vaibhavAcyA zikharAvara hote. jevhA tyAce vaibhava layAsa gele tevhA caNakapura nAvAce nagara udayAlA Ale. tyAnaMtara RSabhapura vasavile gele. tyAnaMtara rAjagRha , naMtara caMpA ANi naMtara pATaliputra nagarAcA udaya jhAlA. zakaTAla hA navavyA naMdAcA maMtrI hotA.'' zakaTAlAce kathAnaka sAMgatAnA deveMdragaNIMnI mhaTale Ahe kI, tahA kahANayaM Avassae daTTavvaM / (sukhabodhA pR.31) paraMtu vizeSa goSTa azI kI, vividha nagarIMcyA udayAstAMcA asA itihAsa AvazyakaTIketa noMdavilelA disata nAhI. (ba) uttarAdhyayana 4.1 cyA TIketa, deveMdragaNIMnI jaina paraMpareta rUDha asalele durlabha manuSyatvAce dahA dRSTAMta dile Aheta. tyApaikI pAzaka dRSTAMta detAnA cANakyAne tayAra kelelyA kUTapAzakayaMtrAcA ullekha kelA Ahe. saMbaMdhita kathAhI thoDakyAta dilI Ahe. phArase kAhI aucitya nasatAnAhI cANakyAcyA AyuSyAcyA pUrvArdhAtIla sarva vRttAMta deNyAcA moha deveMdragaNIMnA AvaratA AlA nAhI. pAzaka-dRSTAMtAce nimitta sAdhUna tyAMnI AvazyakacUrNItIla kathAbhAga vistArAne sAMgUna TAkalA. "viSakanyecA prayoga karUna cANakyAne parvatakAcA ghAta kelA. caMdragupta parvatakAlA vAcaviNyAsAThI dhAvalA. cANakyAne bhuvaI uMcAvUna caMdraguptAlA parAvRtta kele. caMdragupta thAMbalA. parvataka maraNa pAvalA."- hA sarva vRttAMta deveMdragaNIMnI AvazyakacUrNItUna jasAcyA tasA ghetalA Ahe. paraMtu cANakyAne koNate rAjanaitika tattva vAparUna, hI kRtI kelI, he sAMgatAnA deveMdragaNIMnI eka navA saMskRta zloka uddhRta kelA Ahe. to asA - 161

Page #171
kathAbAhya saMdarbha tulyArthaM tulyasAmarthya , marmajJaM vyavasAyinaM / arddharAjyaharaM bhRtyaM , yo na hanyAtsa hanyate / / samAna parAkrama ANi samAna mahattvAkAMkSA asalelyA parvatakAlA mAraNyAcA cANakyAne ghetalelA nirNaya kasA rAjanaitikadRSTyA yogya hotA, yAce samarthanaca jaNU kAhI yA zlokAdvAre deveMdragaNIMnI kele Ahe. yAvarUna tyAMcA cANakyAviSayIcA dRSTikoNa kautukAcA ANi AdarAcAca hotA ase disUna yete. (33) oghaniyuktiTIkA isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta droNAcAryAMnI lihilI. oghaniryuktIcyA 418 vyA gAthevarIla TIketa cANakyAcA ullekha yeto. tyA gAtheta va TIketa malamUtravisarjanAsaMbaMdhI cANakyAne ghAlUna dilelyA kaDaka nirbaMdhAMcA AvarjUna ullekha kelA Ahe. niyuktigAthetIla saMdarbha troTaka asalyAne tethe artha lAvatAnA droNAcAryAMcyA TIkecIca madata ghetalelI Ahe. vAcakAMnI oghaniyuktIcyA vivecanAta hA saMdarbha pAhAvA. chedasUtrakAra prathama bhadrabAhUMnI sAdhUMsAThI tayAra kelelyA niyamAvalIta, kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla niyamAMce aneka veLA pratibiMba umaTalele disate. malamUtravisarjanAsaMbaMdhIcA uparokta niyama he tyAceca eka udAharaNa Ahe. (34) vyavahArabhASyAvara isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta lihilelI malayagirIcI TIkA, chedasUtrAMvarIla TIketa mahattvAcI mAnalI jAte kAraNa jaina paraMparetIla krAMtikArI kArya kelelyA aneka vyaktirekhAMsaMbaMdhIcyA kathA malayagirIne vistArAne dilyA Aheta. ekA arthAne yA TIkesa vyakticitraNAMcA kathAkoza' asehI saMbodhatA yeIla. Arya rakSita, Arya kAlaka, rAjA sAtavAhana, anArya rAjA muruMDa, AcArya pAdalipta, amAtya cANakya, munI viSNukumAra, rauhiNeya nAmaka cora - 162

Page #172
kathAbAhya saMdarbha - yA ANi azA aneka prabhAvI aitihAsika vyaktI malayagirIne yA TIketa namUda kelyA Aheta. 'vyavahAra' yA zabdAce aneka artha hotAta. udAharaNArtha dainaMdina karme, vartana, kArya, vyApAra, vANijya, khaTale, paddhatI ityAdI. paraMtu jaina sAdhuAcArAcyA saMdarbhAta 'vyavahAra' he dahA prAyazcittAMpaikI eka prAyazcitta'hI Ahe. saMdarbha : vyavahArabhASyagAthA 715 te 718 yAMvara TIkAtmaka bhAga lihitAnA malayagirIne pravacanarakSA' hA viSaya vistArAne mAMDalA Ahe. pravacanarakSA mhaNaje jinAMcyA upadezAce ANi caturvidha saMghAce rakSaNa hoya. malayagiri sAMgatAta kI, "sAdhUne atizaya saumya zabdAMnI rAjAlA jinapravacanAcyA anukUla banavAve. zakyato vAdavivAda TALAvA. jinAMcyA upadezAkaDe rAjAce lakSa jAve mhaNUna veLa paDalyAsa adbhuta zaktI, maMtra athavA vazIkaraNa cUrNAcAhI vApara karAvA. jara itake karUnahI rAjAcI vRttI nirdayI ANi dveSI rAhilI tara pravacanAcyA ANi saMghAcyA rakSaNAsAThI itarAMcyA madatIne tyAcA samULa uccheda karAvA.' __vyavahArabhASya 716 varIla TIketa malayagirIne amAtya cANakya ANi naladAma viNakarAcI goSTa udAharaNAsAThI dilI Ahe. AvazyakacUrNIta kevaLa kAhI zabdAta sAMgitalelI hI goSTa yethe vistArAne dilI Ahe. rAjAviruddha kAma karaNAr2yA naMdapakSapAtI lokAMcA cANakyAne, naladAma viNakarAcyA sahAyyAne kasA kATA kADhalA, te sAMgUna malayagirI akherIsa lihito, yathA cANikyena nanda utpATito yathA naladAmnA matkoTakacorAzca samUlA ucchaditAstathA pravacanapradviSTaM rAjAnaM samUlamutpATayet / vyavahArabhASya gA.91 (pR.77) 163

Page #173
kathAbAhya saMdarbha kAhI nirIkSaNe : maMtrataMtrAcyA sAhyAne rAjasattA ulathUna TAkaNyAcA hA nirdeza prathamadarzanI tarI dhakkAdAyaka vATato. ahiMsA ANi saMyamAlA mahattva deNAr2yA jaina sAdhuvargAlA asA upadeza deNe sakRddarzanI tarI ucita vATata nAhI. paraMtu malayagirIMnI atizaya viparIta paristhitIta ANi jaina saMghAcyA rakSaNAsAThI sAMgitalelA hA upAya vyavahAranayAnusAra yogyaca mAnAvA lAgato. kAraNa jevhA astitvAvaraca gadA yete tevhA ahiMsecA vicAra thoDA dUraca ThevAvA lAgato. jaina vicAravaMtAMnI virodhI hiMsA' yA mudyAcyA sahAyyAne, tI ativiziSTa prasaMgI saMmata kelelI disate. hAca muddA adhika vizada karatAnA malayagirI puDhe mhaNatAta kI, azA pravacanavirodhI rAjAlA samULa ukhaDUna TAkale tarI to kAhI sAdhuAcArAvarIla kalaMka navhe. puDhe te asehI mhaNatAta kI, he kRtya kelyAvara jara to sAdhU rAjavADyAta dona kiMvA tIna divasAMpekSA jAsta rAhilA tara tyA sAdhUlA cheda' kiMvA 'parihAra' prAyazcitta ghyAve lAgela. yAcA artha asA kI, jinazAsanAcyA rakSaNAsAThI kelele hiMsaka upAya suddhA malayagirIlA prAyazcittArha vATata nAhIta. mAtra kAryabhAga sAdhalyAvara AsaktIne tethe jAsta cikaTUna rAhilyAsa prAyazcittavidhAna sAMgitale Ahe. bhASyakArAlA ANi malayagirIlA, cANakya ANi naladAma, he itake prazaMsanIya vATatAta kI, tyAMce AdarzabhUta mhaNUna kelele prastutIkaraNa yethe disate. sArAMzAne ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, cANakyAce udAtta uddiSTa lakSAta gheUna, prasaMgI tyAcyA kaThora upAyayojanAMcI bhalAvaNaca yethe kelelI disate. cANakyasUtre ANi chedasUtre yAMmadhye asalelyA viziSTa saMbaMdhAcehI sUcana, vyavahArabhASyAtUna ANi vizeSataH 164

Page #174
kathAbAhya saMdarbha malayagirIcyA TIketUnahI hote. 35) vardhamAnasUrIMcyA yugAdijinendracaritAce dusare nAva AdinAthacarita Ahe. tyAMnI sarva vAGmayIna nirmitI isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta kelelI disate. saMdarbha : yA graMthAta mauryavaMzAtIla samprati rAjAce caritra vizeSa vistArAne sAMgitale Ahe kAraNa jainAMcyA mate sampratIne jainadharmAcA svIkAra ANi prasAra kelA hotA. sampratIcyA nimittAne tyAMnI magadhAtIla maurya rAjavaMzAcI saMpUrNa hakikata dilI Ahe. tyAmuLe tyAca oghAta cANakya-caMdraguptAcA vRttAMta vistArAne yeto. (pR.49 te 55) __bhASA ANi zailI : abhijAta jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAtIla yA vistRta caritagraMthAta aneka upakathAnake ANi AkhyAyikA yetAta. rasALa varNane, saMskRtacA yathocita vApara, alaMkArika zailI ANi curacurIta saMvAda hI tyAMcyA zailIcI vaiziSTye Aheta. jaina paraMparetIla sarva cUNIMmadhye AlelyA cANakyakathA tyAMnA vidita Aheta. haribhadra ANi jayasiMha yAMnI raMgavilelA cANakyahI tyAMnA mAhIta Ahe. vizeSa mhaNaje vizAkhadattAcyA mudrArAkSasa nATakAtIla kAhI saMvAdahI te jasecyA tase uddhRta karatAta. vardhamAnasUrIMcyA cANakyakathevarIla kAhI nirIkSaNe : * jaina mahArASTrI bhASeta gadyAta lihilele sarvAta moThe cANakyacaritra he vardhamAnasUrIMce Ahe. pAriNAmikI buddhI, manuSyatvAce durlabhatva, AjJAbhaMga, rAjakoSa bharaNa- azA vikhuralelyA svarUpAtIla cANakyaviSayaka sAmagrI tyAMnI, salaga sAkhaLIta guMphUna ekarasa caritra nirmANa kele Ahe. vastuta: cANakyAce brAhmaNatva ughaDa asale tarI jethe jethe saMdhI miLela tethe tethe 165

Page #175
kathAbAhya saMdarbha vardhamAnasUri cANakyAce zrAvakatva adhorekhita karatAta. vizeSata: akherIsa cANakyAne iMginImaraNa svIkAraNyAcyA prasaMgI saMstAraka prakIrNakAMmadhye AlelI duSkRtagardA, sukRtAnumodanA, kSamApanA ityAdi jaina vidhI cANakyAcyA toMDI ghAlatAta. paMDitamaraNa svIkAralyAmuLe cANakyAcA uccatara svargAtIla janmahI tyAMnI namUda kelA Ahe. AvazyakacUrNItIla parapASaNDaprazaMsA ANi nizIthacUrNItIla durbhikSavRttAMta he dona prasaMga mAtra yA caritAta anavadhAnAne gALalele disatAta. AvazyakacUrNItIla 'kozena bhRtyaizca ---' ANi sukhabodhATIketIla 'tulyArthaM tulyasAmarthya ---' he dona jaina paraMparetIla zloka vardhamAnAMnI AvarjUna namUda kelele disatAta. cANakyAcyA mRtyUcA prasaMga vizeSa vistArAne citrita kelA Ahe. yA prasaMgI cANakyAce svagata jaina paddhatIne raMgavilele Ahe. kSamAbhAva vyakta karatAnA subaMdhUviSayIcI dveSayukta bhAvanA kAyama ThevUna, tyAcyAvara ghetalelA sUDa hA eka 'agAra' ThevalelA Ahe. tyAtUnaca sUcita hote kI, mRtyUnaMtarahI cANakya subaMdhUcA (arthAt rAkSasAcA) sUDa gheNAra Ahe. cANakyAcyA maraNAsa ekadA 'anazana' ANi dusar2yA ThikANI 'iMginImaraNa' saMbodhUna tyA maraNAcyA dhArmikatevara zikkAmortaba kele Ahe. cANakyAviSayI koThehI anudAra kADhalelA nAhI. tyAcyA kuTilapaNAcI ANi mAyAvIpaNAcI niMdA kelelI nAhI. kathecyA zevaTI, 'tyA buddhimAna cANakyAcI kIrtI yA manuSyalokAta dIrghakALaparyaMta rAho !' azI zubhecchA vyakta kelI Ahe. 166

Page #176
kathAbAhya saMdarbha (36) maladhArI hemacaMdrAcI vizeSAvazyakabhASyaTIkA isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta lihilelI Ahe. vizeSAvazyakabhASyAcyA 464 vyA gAtheta 'subahulivibheyaniyayaM' yA zabdAce spaSTIkaraNa karata asatAnA TIkAkAra mhaNato, tatra subahvayo yA etA aSTAdaza lipayaH zAstreSu zrUyante, tadyathA-haMsalivI bhUyalivI --- / taha animittI ya livI cANakko mUladevI ya / yA paricchedAta ekUNa aTharA lipIMcA ullekha asUna, tyAtIla 'cANakyI' hI eka lipI Ahe. hI eka sAMketika lipI asUna kauTilIya arthazAstrAta asA ullekha ADhaLato kI, 'herAMnI ApalyAlA prApta jhAlelI mAhitI sAMketika lipIdvAre ApalyA varacyA adhikArI herAlA kaLavAvI.' kauTilIya arthazAstrAta sAMketika lipI tayAra karaNyAviSayI mAtra arthAtaca kAhI ullekha miLata nAhIta. DaoN. hirAlAla jainAMnI kAmasUtrAvarIla 'yazodharA' TIkecyA AdhAre cANakyI lipI ulagaDaNyAce prayatna kele Aheta. te mhaNatAta, "yA lipIta pratyeka zabdAcyA zevaTI 'kSa' he akSara joDale jAte. zabdAtIla hasva svarAMce dIrgha svara va dIrgha svarAMce hasva kele jAtAta. anusvAra ANi visarga he ekamekAMcI jAgA ghetAta. phAra prAcIna kALApAsUna cANakyI ANi mUladevI yA dona lipIMcA vApara rAjanaitika kAryAMsAThI kelelA disato." (bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR.286) noMda gheNyAjogI dusarI eka goSTa azI kI, 'samavAyAMga' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAtahI aTharA lipIMcA ullekha ADhaLato paraMtu tyAta cANakyI ANi mUladevI yA donhI lipI noMdavilelyA nAhIta. AkhyAyikAMcyA bAbatIta mhaNAla tara, 'mUladeva' yA catura puruSAcyA AkhyAyikAhI cANakyAsArakhyAca prAkRta sAhityAta jAgojAgI vikhuralelyA disatAta. maladhArI hemacaMdrAne noMdavilelA cANakyI lipIcA ullekha atizaya mahattvAcA 167

Page #177
kathAbAhya saMdarbha Ahe kAraNa to itara koNatyAhI jaina agara ajaina lekhakAne noMdavilelA nAhI. (37) ratnaprabhasUrIMcyA upadezamAlATIkA yA bArAvyA zatakAtIla graMthAta cANakyAce dona ullekha ADhaLatAta. pahilA saMdarbha agadI ojharatA asUna, dusar2yAta mAtra cANakyAce janmApAsUna te mRtyUparyaMtace jIvanacaritra jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAta padyabaddha kelele disate. (a) upadezamAlA TIkecyA pR.347 oLa 3 yA saMdarbhAta mhaTale Ahe kI, aho mahilA / pagaIe ceva cANakkavaMkabhAvaM visesedd'| striyAMcyA svabhAvAvara kelelyA yA TippaNIta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'sAmAnyAtIla sAmAnya mahilA suddhA svabhAvAcyA vakratecyA bAbatIta cANakyAvara mAta karate.' ratnaprabhAMcA hA ullekha tyAMcyA strIviSayaka dRSTikoNAvara ANi cANakyAcyA svabhAvAvarahI prakAza TAkato. tyAtIla niMdecA sUrahI spaSTa jANavato. (ba) upadezamAlATIketa 150 vyA dvAragAthevara ratnaprabhAMnI cANakyAcI pradIrgha padyakathA lihilI Ahe. (pR.354 te 363) dvAragAthemadhye zreNikarAjAcA ghAta karaNAr2yA koNikAce udAharaNa dile Ahe. tyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, "jyA vyaktI lobhI ANi svArthI asatAta tyA ApalyA svArthAsAThI javaLacyA nAtevAIkAcA suddhA ghAta karaNyAsa pravRtta hotAta. AtA heca udAharaNa baghA nA, caMdraguptAcyA gurUne arthAt cANakyAne ApalA kAryabhAga sAdhaNyAsAThI (javaLacA mitra asalelyA) parvatakAcA ghAta kelA." yA dvAragAthene ratnaprabhAMnA cANakyAce sarva caritra deNyAcI susaMdhI prApta jhAlI. cANakyAcI goSTa sAMgatA sAMgatA ratnaprabha madhUna madhUna khAsa svata:cI TIkATippaNIhI detAta. yA katheta ekUNa 182 gAthA Aheta. jaina mahArASTrI barobaraca Avazyaka tethe saMskRta ANi 168

Page #178
kathAbAhya saMdarbha apabhraMzAcA vApara kelA Ahe. katheta phArase nAvinya nasale tarI ratnaprabhAMcA dRSTikoNa samajAvUna gheNyAsAThI kAhI udAharaNe pAhU - (1) agadI prAraMbhIcyA kALAta cANakya caMdraguptAsaha hiMData asato. atizaya prayAsAne paizAcI ANi sainyAcI jamavAjamava karIta asato. divasa atizaya kaSTaprada asatAta. ekadA tara caMdragupta bAlakAvara upAzI rAhaNyAcI veLa yete. tyAveLI tyAcA jIva vAcaviNyAsAThI, cANakya nukatyAca jevalelyA brAhmaNAce poTa phADUna, prApta kelelA dahIbhAta caMdraguptAlA bharavito. yA prasaMgI ratnaprabha mhaNatAta, mahAsAhasio eso, ko sakkar3a baMbhahaccamiya kAuM |(pR.357 gA.60) brahmahatyece pAtaka karaNAr2yA mahAsAhasika cANakyAviSayIcA kAhIsA niMdecA sUraca yAtUna disato. (2) uttama mitra asalelyA parvatakAcA ghAta karaNAr2yA cANakyAlA uddezUna ratnaprabha mhaNato, (tatrApi mitrottame) / kauTilyaH kuTilAM kriyAmiti dadhau dhigdhik kRtaghnAn janAn ___ (pR.385 gA.86) (3) cANakyAne kelelyA grAmadAhAcyA prasaMgI ratnaprabha cANakyAlA krUrakarmA' mhaNatAta. taseca puDhe azIhI pustI joDatAta kI, 'kaTU ANi kuTilamatI asalelyA cANakyAcyA hAtUna ghaDalelA hA pramAda atizaya niMdya Ahe.' (pR.359 gA.98) ratnaprabhasUrIMcA tAtparyAtmaka dRSTikoNa cANakyAne AyuSyAta kelelyA vegavegaLyA kRtIMvara jarI ratnaprabhAMnI TIkA kelI asalI tarI kathecA zevaTa mAtra jaina paraMparelA anusarUnaca kelelA Ahe. cANakyAcyA 169

Page #179
kathAbAhya saMdarbha iMginImaraNAcA ANi pazcAttApAcA ullekha karUna ratnaprabha akherIsa mhaNatAta - jaha jaha karIsajalaNeNa , tassa dhannassa Dajjhai deho / taha taha palayaM pAvaMti , kUrakammAI kammAiM / / (pR.363 gA.175) sArAMza kAya tara, to duSTa, kRtaghna, mAyAvI asUnahI akheracyA avastheta cANakyAne dhyAnamagna rAhUna, samatAbhAva manAta ThevUna, upasarga sahana kelyAmuLe, to akherIsa ucca devayonIta gelA, aseca ratnaprabha mhaNatAta. tyAMcyA matApramANe jaNU cANakyAcI sarva krUrakarme tyA agnIta bhasmasAt jhAlI. mhaNajeca prasaMgI kaThora TIkA karUnahI, akherIsa ratnaprabhAMnI cANakyAviSayIcA AdarabhAvaca vyakta kelA Ahe. (38-39) municaMdrAMnI upadezapadAvarIla TIkA isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta lihilelI Ahe. dvAragAthAMmadhye sUcita kelelyA kathA municaMdrAMnI jaina mahArASTrIta padyabaddha kelelyA Aheta. (a) dvAragAthA 139 madhye, cANakyAcA thoDakyAta sAMgitalelA jIvanavRttAMta 178 gAthAMmadhye saMgrahIta kelA Ahe. (pR.109 te 114) katheta phArase nAvinya nAhI. paraMtu tyAtIla vaiziSTye puDhIlapramANe sAMgatA yetIla - jethe jethe zakya Ahe tethe tethe cANakyAce zrAvakatva adhorekhita kele Ahe. tyAce samAdhimaraNa hA pAriNAmikI buddhIcA paripAka dAkhavilA Ahe. cANakyAviSayI jaina paraMpareta rUDha asalelA 'kozena bhRtyaizca ---' hA zloka municaMdrAMnIhI uddhRta kelA. municaMdrAMce cANakyacaritra nusate vikhuralelyA kathAMce ekatrIkaraNa nasUna, dona ghaTanAMmadhIla duve tyAne kauzalyAne joDUna salagapaNA ANalA Ahe. 170

Page #180
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 'caMdragupta ANi naMda yAMcyAmadhye jhAlele bhayaMkara yuddha'- he municaMdrAMcyA kathece balasthAna Ahe. tyAMnI asA vicAra kelA asAvA kI, caMdragupta ANi parvatakAce zaurya ANi vijigISU vRttI AvarjUna sAMgaNe Avazyaka Ahe. anyathA anya jaina kathAMvarUna caMdragupta hA kevaLa cANakyAcyA hAtace bAhule vATato. upakathAnake raMgavIta asatAnA, municaMdra he ratnaprabhApramANe ApalI svata:cI mate duSTa vRttIvara TIkATippaNI karaNyAcA moha TALatA AlelA nAhI. te mhaNatAta, bAraniroheNa palIviUNa gAmo sabAlavuDDo so / daDDo duviyaDamaittaNeNa cANakkapAveNa / / (pR.111 gA.89) nizIthacUrNItIla duSkALAcyA prasaMgAta jaina AcAryAMce nAva 'susthita' ase sAMgatile Ahe. municaMdrAMnI tyAMce nAva 'saMbhUtavijaya' asalyAce mhaTale Ahe. municaMdrAMcA cANakya saMbhUtavijaya AcAryAMnA vacana deto kI, 'mI zAsanapAlaka hoUna jaina pravacana ANi saMghAcI kALajI gheIna.' yAcAca artha asA kI, cANakyAce jainIkaraNa karaNyAsa municaMdrAMcI pasaMtI disate. caMdraguptAcyA patnIcyA garbhAlA jevhA dhokA utpanna hoto tevhA cANakya svataH tAtaDIne zalyakriyA karUna, tyA bhrUNAsa bAhera kADhato. hAca to rAjA biMdusAra. itara koNIhI citrita na kelele cANakyAce zalyacikitsetIla kauzalyahI, municaMdrAMnI raMgavile Ahe. 'paMDitamaraNAcA svIkAra karaNyAcA nirNaya gheNyAAdhI cANakyAne ApalI saMpattI putra-pautra-prapautra ANi nAtevAIka yAMcyAmadhye vATUna dilI', ase municaMdra mhaNatAta. cANakyAcyA putrapautrAMcA hA ullekha, jaina agara ajaina azA koNatyAhI 171

Page #181
kathAbAhya saMdarbha lekhakAne noMdavilelA nAhI. municaMdraca yAlA apavAda Aheta. municaMdrAMnI 170 vyA gAtheta adhikaraNa' hA zabda hetupUrvaka dona arthAMnI yojalA Ahe. tyAlA tyAtUna kauTilIya arthazAstrAcI prakaraNe tara namUda karAvayAcI Ahetaca. paraMtu adhikaraNa zabdAlA jaina tattvajJAnAtIla pAribhASika arthahI sUcita karAvayAcA Ahe. jaina paraMpareta hiMsaka kriyAMcyA utpattisthAnAlA adhikaraNa' mhaNatAta. municaMdra he, cANakyAcI niMdA karaNe zakyato TALatAta. cANakyAcyA mRtyuprasaMgI ase udgAra kADhatAta kI, tyA agnidAhAta cANakyAcI pApakarmehI kramAkramAne jaLUna nirjarita jhAlI.' (ba) upadezapadAcyA 196 vyA dvAragAtheta cANakya-caMdragupta yA guruziSyAcyA joDIlA Adarzavat mAnale Ahe. tyAvarIla TIketa municaMdra mhaNatAta, "Apale gurU asalelyA cANakyAvara dRDha zraddhA ThevalyAne jasA caMdragupta samRddha azA rAjyAcA bhAgI jhAlA tyAcapramANe ziSyAne ApalyA gurUMvara zraddhA ThevalyAsa utkRSTa azA AdhyAtmika saMpattIcA bhAgI hoIla." sArAMza kAya tara, kevaLa gRhasthAMnAca navhe tara sAdhUMnAhI cANakyAcyA caritrAtUna bodha ghetalA pAhije, asA ekaMdara abhiprAya municaMdrAMcA disato. (40) 'kalikAlasarvajJa' yA upAdhIne vAkhANale gelele AcArya hemacaMdra he isavIsana 1088 te isavIsana 1172 yA kALAta hoUna gele. tyAMcyA vipula saMskRta graMtharacaneta 'pariziSTaparva' Urpha 'sthavirAvalicaritram' yA graMthAce sthAna ananyasAdhAraNa Ahe. yA graMthAcyA rUpAne hemacaMdrAMnI jaNU puDhIla kALAta lihilyA 172

Page #182
kathAbAhya saMdarbha gelelyA aitihAsika prabaMdhagraMthAMcA pAyAca ghAlUna dilA. pariziSTaparva he magadhAcA rAjanaitika itihAsa ulagaDaNyAce mahattvAce sAdhana mAnale jAte. bhadrabAhu ANi sthUlabhadra yAMcI caritre sAMgata asatAnA hemacaMdra he naMda ANi mauryavaMzAMcA itihAsa kathAnakAcyA oghAta lihitAta. zvetAMbara paraMpareta maukhika ANi likhita svarUpAta asalelyA sarva cANakyakathAMcA cikitsakapaNe abhyAsa karUna hemacaMdrAMnI amAtya cANakyAcA samagra jIvanavRttAMta abhijAta saMskRta zailIta prabhAvIpaNe lihilA Ahe. pariziSTaparvAta AThavyA sargAtIla 194 vyA zlokApAsUna cANakyakathecA AraMbha hoto. tyA sargAcyA zevaTacyA 469 vyA zlokAta cANakyAcyA mRtyUcA vRttAMta pUrNa hoto. subaMdhUcA vRttAMta mAtra pariziSTaparvAcyA navavyA sargAcyA 13 vyA zlokAparyaMta cAlU rAhato. khar2yA arthAne cANakyAce caritra yethe saMpate. pariziSTaparvAtIla cANakyakathecI vaiziSTye upalabdha prAkRta kathAMce susUtrapaNe cANakyAcyA jIvanacaritrAta rUpAMtara (288 zlokAta). zvetAMbara paraMparetale sarvAta pramANita jIvanacaritra. caMdraguptAcA abhiSeka ANi bhadrabAhUMcA mRtyU yAMcA kALa noMdavilyAmuLe aitihAsika mahattva. cANakya-caMdraguptAMcA bhadrabAhu-sthUlabhadra yAMcyAzI sAkSAt saMbaMdha nasaNe. caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUce atyaMta troTaka varNana. pATaliputrAcyA javaLa cANakyAne svIkAralele paMDitamaraNa. 173

Page #183
kathAbAhya saMdarbha magadhAtIla dvAdazavarSIya duSkALAcA ullekha. duSkALaprasaMgI bhadrabAhu nepALakaDe gelyAcA ullekha. viSNugupta agara kauTilya yA nAvApekSA 'cANakya' yA nAvAcAca bahutAMzI upayoga. cANakyAce zrAvakatva darzaviNAre kAhI pAribhASika zabda. cANakyAcyA brAhmaNatvasUcaka vaiziSTyAMce madhUna madhUna darzana. 'zeMDIcI gATha soDaNyAcyA' suprasiddha prasaMgAcA abhAva. hemacaMdrAlA mudrArAkSasAcA asalelA paricaya subaMdhUcyA guNavaiziSTyAMvarUna sUcita. cANakyAce arthazAstra, bhadrabAhUMcI chedasUtre ANi zvetAMbara AgamAMcI pATaliputravAcanA yAMce sAkSAta ullekha nasaNe. hemacaMdrAcyA cANakyakathece taulanika parIkSaNa 'golladeza'-'caNakagrAma'-'caNIbrAhmaNa', he tIna ullekha tyAMnI AvazyakacUrNItUna ghetalele disatAta. svataHcyA kalpanene AIce nAva caNezvarI ANi tyAce nAva cANakya asA vistAra kelA. cANakya yA nAvAvarUna hI sarvaca nAve kalpanene ghetalelI Aheta, he ughaDa disate. hariSeNAne bRhatkatheta cANakyAcyA mAtApityAMcI nAve 'kapila ANi devilA' azI sAMgitalI Aheta. AvazyakacUrNIta kathana kelelA cANakyabAlakAcyA bhaviSyakathanAcA prasaMga, hemacaMdrAne AvazyakacUrNIpekSA vistArAne ANi adhikAdhika jainIkaraNa karUna prastuta kelA Ahe. jaina munI he caNI brAhmaNAcyA gharI nivAsa karatAta asehI dAkhavile (2) 174

Page #184
kathAbAhya saMdarbha Ahe. hariSeNAne hA prasaMga uddhRta kelelA nAhI. (3) cANakyAce zrAvakatva vizeSa zabdAta adhorekhita kelele disate jasegahna cANakyo'pi zrAvako'bhUtsarvavidyAbdhipAragaH / zramaNopAsakatvena sa santoSadhanaH sadA / / (sarga 8 zloka 200-210) hariSeNAne cANakyAce zrAvakatva dAkhavilele nAhI. tyAne munidIkSA ghetalI ANi '500 jainamunIMce tyAne netRtva kele' ase citrita kele Ahe. (4) AvazyakacUrNI ANi pariziSTaparvAta cANakyAcyA patnIce nAva dilele nAhI. ticA mAherI jhAlelA apamAna ANi garibI dUra karaNyAsAThI cANakyAce pATaliputrAsa naMdAkaDe gamana - hA vRttAMta prAya: sarva zvetAMbara kathAMmadhye samAna Ahe.hariSeNAne cANakyAcyA patnIce nAva 'yazomatI' asalyAce mhaTale Ahe. paraMtu patnIcA apamAna ityAdi kathA raMgavilelI nAhI. zIlAMkAne yA prasaMgAvara TippaNI karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI, yAtUna cANakyAcA patnIvarIla anurAga ANi naMdAviSayIcA dveSa disato. (5) naMdAcyA bhojanazALetIla apamAnAcA vRttAMta kArtikI paurNimelA ghaDalA, ase AvazyakacUrNI mhaNate. hariSeNahI hIca tithI mAnya karato. hemacaMdrAne mAtra yA tithIkaDe durlakSa kele Ahe. cANakyAlA agrAsana soDaNyAcI sUcanA aMtimata: naMdAcI eka dAsI dete, yAbAbata sarvAMce ekamata Ahe. ghaTanAkrama mAtra thoDA vegaLA Ahe. 175

Page #185
kathAbAhya saMdarbha (6) AvazyakacUrNI ANi itara uttarakAlIna graMthAta uddhRta kelelA 'kozena bhRtyaizca ---' hA zloka jasAcyA tasA na detA hemacaMdrAne puDhIlapramANe badalalA Ahe - sakozabhRtyaM sasuhRtputraM sabalavAhanam / nandamunmUlayiSyAmi mahAvAyuriva drumam / / (sarga 8 zloka 225) hariSeNAne zvetAMbara paraMparetIla 'kozena bhRtyaizca ---' hA rUDha zloka uddhRta kelelA nAhI. cANakyAcyA apamAnAcyA prasaMgI tyAne zeMDI mokaLI soDUna pratijJA kelI, asA ullekha kathAsaritsAgarAta ADhaLato. zeMDIcyA ullekhAne brAhmaNatva spaSTa hota asalyAmuLe hA ullekha hemacaMdrAne ANi hariSeNAne TALalA Ahe. tyAaivajI doghAMnI 'cANakyAne kAtrI hAtAta gheUna pratijJA kelI' ase mhaTale Ahe. kAtrIcA ullekha yAprasaMgI tarkadRSTyA aprastuta mAnAvA lAgato. naMdAcA sUDa gheNyAsAThI cANakyAne yogya vyaktIcA ghetalelA zodha - hA vRttAMta AvazyakacUrNI ANi pariziSTaparvAta atizaya saMkSepAne namUda kelA Ahe. naMdAcyA AzrayAne rAhaNAr2yA mayUrapoSakAcI mulagI koNApAsUna garbhavatI rAhilI hotIhe rahasya hemacaMdrahI kAyama ThevatAta. tyA anuSaMgAne caMdraguptAcyA nIca jAtIcA ullekha karaNehI TALatAta. hariSeNAne tara caMdraguptAcAca ullekha karaNe TALale Ahe. tyAaivajI 'sa naraH' asA ojharatA ullekha to karato. hariSeNAcA cANakya, caMdraguptAcA zodha gheNyAsa koThehI jAta nAhI. caMdraguptaca svata: yeUna cANakyAcyA yojaneta svata: 176

Page #186
kathAbAhya saMdarbha sAmIla hoto. zodha gheNyAcA prasaMga hariSeNAne vegaLyAca prakAre prastuta kelA Ahe. naMdAcA sUDa gheU icchiNArA 'kavi' nAvAcA maMtrI cANakyAcAca zodha gheUna, naMdAkaDUna tyAcA apamAna ghaDavUna ANato. parvatakAcyA mRtyUnaMtara caMdragupta hA magadhAcA ekachatrI samrATa hoto. mahAvIranirvANAnaMtara 155 varSe loTalyAvara, cANakya hA caMdraguptAlA rAjyAbhiSeka karato - he tathya pariziSTaparvAta nemake noMdavile Ahe. yAcA artha asA kI, zvetAMbara paraMparA caMdraguptAcyA rAjyAbhiSekAce varSa isavIsanapUrva 372 ase mAnate. __ yAbAbata hariSeNAne kAhI vegaLIca mAhitI lihUna ThevalI Ahe. tyAcyA mate cANakyAne ekaTyAneca yuktIne naMdAcyA maMtryAMmadhye bheda ghaDavUna naMdAlA ThAra mArale. tyAnaMtara cANakya svata:ca magadhAcA rAjA jhAlA. aneka varSe rAjya karUna tyA vyaktIlA (?) rAjyAbhiSeka kelA. svata: munidIkSA svIkArUna 500 munIMcyA saMghAsaha cANakya-muni dakSiNApathAlA gele. hariSeNAne caMdraguptAcyA rAjyAbhiSekAce varSa noMdavilele nAhI. (10) naMdapakSapAtI mANasAMcA baMdobasta karaNyAsAThI cANakyAne naladAma kuviMdAcyA kelelyA niyuktIcA vRttAMta, AvazyakacUrNI ANi pariziSTaparva donhIMmadhye yeto. hariSeNAne to uddhRta kelelA nAhI. (11) nizIthacUrNIta AjJAbhaMgAcA prasaMga grAmadAhAce udAharaNa deUna vistArAne raMgavilA Ahe. cUrNIkArAne cANakyAcyA kaDaka zAsanAcI tethe stutI kelI Ahe. hemacaMdrAMnI hA prasaMga tara raMgavilA Ahe paraMtu tyAcyAvara Apale mata noMdaviNe TALale Ahe. hariSeNAne cANakyAcyA caritrAtIla koNateca bArakAve dAkhavilele nAhIta. (12) naMdAne khaDakhaDATa karUna ThevalelA rAjakoSa vRddhiMgata karaNyAce cANakyAne kelele 177

Page #187
kathAbAhya saMdarbha dona prayatna AvazyakacUrNI ANi pariziSTaparvAta citrita kele Aheta. kUTapAzakAcA prasaMga ANi vyApAr2yAMkaDUna saMpattI vadavUna gheNyAcA prasaMga, cUrNIkArAne cANakyAcyA pAriNAmikI buddhIcI udAharaNe mhaNUna dile Aheta. hemacaMdrAne tyAvara ase mata vyakta kelele nAhI. kUTapAzakAcA prasaMga anekAMnI manuSyAce durlabhatva spaSTa karaNyAsAThI raMgavilA Ahe. vyApAr2yAMkaDUna dhana goLA karaNyAcyA prasaMgI hemacaMdra cANakyAviSayI mhaNato, cakre samarthamarthena tena mauryaM caNiprasUH / dhiyAM nidhiramAtyo hi kAmadhenurmahIbhujAm / / (sarga 8 zloka 376) yA zlokAta hemacaMdrAne cANakya amAtyAlA, 'mauryAcI jaNU kAmadhenUca' ase mhaTale Ahe. (13) bArA varSAcyA durbhikSAcyA veLI susthitAcAryAMce ziSya asalelyA dona taruNa jaina munIMnI adRzyarUpAne caMdraguptAcA AhAra khANyAcA prasaMga nizIthacUrNIta ANi pariziSTaparvAta vistArAne sAMgitalA Ahe. hemacaMdrAne cANakyAce zrAvakatva yA nimittAne vAraMvAra adhorekhita kele Ahe. (14) parapASaNDaprazaMsecyA prasaMgAta hemacaMdrAne ase dAkhavile Ahe kI cANakyAcA jainadharmI sAdhUMvara dRDha vizvAsa asato. caMdragupta mAtra anyadharmI saMnyAsI ANi parivrAjaka yAMnA anukUla asato. caMdragupta tyAMcyA jIvananirvAhAsAThI rAjakoSAtUna barAca kharca karIta asato. hI goSTa cANakyAlA rucata nasate. sarate zevaTI, sarva sAdhUMcI parIkSA gheUna cANakya jainadharmI sAdhUMce zreSThatva siddha karato. tyAnaMtara 178

Page #188
kathAbAhya saMdarbha caMdraguptahI jainadharmAlA anukUla hoto. AvazyakacUrNIta hI kathA atizaya saMkSepAne ANi thoDIzI vegaLI AlI Ahe. AvazyakacUrNIta cANakyAcyA patnIcI bhUmikA mahattvAcI mAnalI Ahe. hemacaMdrAne tase citraNa kelele nAhI. jinadAsagaNi, vardhamAnasUri ANi abhayadeva yAMnI hI kathA samyaktvAcyA dRDhIkaraNAsAThI dAkhavilI Ahe. hariSeNAcyA cANakyakatheta hA prasaMga noMdavilelA nAhI. (15) hemacaMdrAne caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUsa 'samAdhimaraNa' saMbodhale Ahe. yA ghaTanece nemake varSa ANi itara bArakAve noMdavilele nAhIta. tyAcA mRtyU pATaliputrAtaca jhAlA Ahe. hariSeNAne mAtra caMdraguptAcI dIkSA, tyAne bhadrabAhUMce svIkAralele ziSyatva, tyAMcyAsaha dakSiNApathAsa kelele gamana ANi dakSiNeta caMdragirI yA guMpheta tyAne svIkAralele samAdhimaraNa - yA sarvAMcA ullekha bhadrabAhukathAnakAta' kelA Ahe. (16) 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka hemacaMdrAsamora asalyAne tyAne tyA nATakAtIla mukhya ghaTanA yathArtha mAnUna, ApalyA cANakyacaritrAta samAviSTa karUna ghetalI Ahe. to mhaNato, 'caMdraguptAcyA anumatIne cANakyAne subaMdhUlA maMtrimaMDaLAta samAviSTa karUna ghetale hote.' (17) caMdraguptAcyA mRtyUnaMtara subaMdhUcI mahattvAkAMkSA ANi matsara jAgRta jhAlA. satyaasatyAce mizraNa karUna tyAne biMdusAra rAjAlA Apalese karUna ghetale. cANakyAvara nArAja jhAlelyA biMdusArAne anAdarabhAva vyakta karatAca, cANakyAne rAjakAraNAtUna nivRttI gheUna, pATaliputrAjavaLIla gokulasthAnAta anazana vrata dhAraNa kele. puDhe biMdusArAcA gairasamaja dUra jhAlyAvara to cANakyAcI pUjA karAvayAsa 179

Page #189
kathAbAhya saMdarbha nighAlA. biMdusArAlA aDavUna, cukIbaddala pazcAttApa vyakta karUna, subaMdhu pUjecI thALI gheUna svata:ca cANakyAjavaLa gelA. tyA sthAnAlA Aga lAvUna, tyAne tyA samAdhI avastheta cANakyAlA jALale. vratastha asalyAmuLe cANakya avicala rAhilA. tyAne devagatI prApta kelI. hemacaMdrAne hA vRttAMta javaLajavaLa 25 zlokAMta varNana kelA Ahe. tyAnaMtaracyA 13 zlokAMta subaMdhUce urvarita caritra varNile Ahe. nizIthacUrNIta ANi uttaravartI cANakyakathAMmadhye hA vRttAMta prAyaH asAcyA asA AlA Ahe. nizIthacUrNIcA saMdarbha mAtra kiMcita vegaLA Ahe. "sAdhUne 'sacitta gaMdha' gheU naye" - hA niyama sAMgaNyAsAThI cUrNIkAra varIla saMpUrNa kathA uddhRta karato. (18) cANakyAcyA mRtyUce atyaMta udAtta varNana he sarva zvetAMbara saMdarbhAce vaiziSTya Ahe. koNI tyAsa 'anazana' mhaTale Ahe. koNI 'iMginImaraNa' mhaTale Ahe tara koNI 'prAyopagamanAcA' ullekha kelA Ahe. cANakyAcyA mRtyUsaMbaMdhIcI kathA hariSeNAne thoDyA vegaLyA prakAre raMgavilI Ahe. naMdapakSapAtI asalelA subaMdhU cANakyAcyA zabdAkhAtara caMdraguptAcA maMtrI hoU zakela, ase hariSeNa mAnIta nAhI. zivAya tyAcyA mate, hI sagaLI ghaTanA pATaliputrAcyA AsapAsa ghaDataca nAhI. cANakya-caMdraguptAcA kArabhAra cAlU hotAca, ApalyAlA dhokA Ahe he jANUna, subaMdhu tethUna palAyana karato. dakSiNeta jAUna, krauMcapurAcyA rAjAcA saciva banato. cANakyAcyA hAlacAlIMvara mAtra lakSa ThevUna asato. munidIkSA dhAraNa kelelA cANakya jevhA vihAra karIta krauMcapurAsa yeto tevhA ANi tyAce pUjana karaNyAcyA nimittAne subaMdhu tyA sarva munIMcyA vasatisthAnAlA Aga lAvUna deto. te sarva munI ANi 180

Page #190
kathAbAhya saMdarbha cANakya zukladhyAnAta sthita hotAta. sarva upasarga samabhAvAne sahana kelyAmuLe cANakya siddhigatI prApta karato. (19) cANakyAcyA mRtyUnaMtaracA subaMdhUcA vRttAMta hariSeNAne raMgavilelA nAhI. AlaMkArika bhASeta hariSeNa varNana karIta mhaNato kI, 'svata:cyAca krodhAgnIta jaLUna asaMkhya pAparAzIMce upArjana kelelyA tyA subaMdhUne narakagatI prApta kelI.' dakSiNetIla krauMcapurAsa ghaDalelyA yA ghaTanelA aitihAsikatA deNyAsAThI hariSeNa mhaNato, "tyA sarva sAdhUMcyA smaraNAprItyartha tethe eka 'niSadyakA' nirmANa kelI gelI. AjahI vihAra karaNAre sAdhU tethe jAUna tyA niSadyakelA vaMdana karatAta." (20) hariSeNa ANi hemacaMdra yAMcyA cANakyakatheta mukhya mukhya kathAbhAga samAna asalA tarI, tyAtIla bArakAve mAtra vegavegaLe Aheta. zvetAMbara sAhityAtalyA choTyA choTyA cANakyakathA hariSeNAne vicArAta ghetalelyA nAhIta. cANakyAcyA samAdhimaraNAbAbata ekamata asale tarI, varIlapramANe matabhinnatA disate. cANakyAviSayIcA nikhaLa Adara, mAtra doghAMmadhyehI spaSTa pratibiMbita jhAlelA disato. (41) abhidhAna-cintAmaNi-nAmamAlA yA graMthAta hemacaMdrAne cANakyAviSayI atizaya bahumola mAhitI dilelI Ahe. to mhaNato, vAtsAyane mallanAga: kauTalyazcaNakAtmajaH / drAmila pakSilasvAmI viSNugupto'Ggulazca saH / / (zloka 853) yA zlokAta hemacaMdrAne ekUNa 8 vizeSanAme namUda kelI Aheta. tI sarva cANakyAcI 181

Page #191
kathAbAhya saMdarbha paryAyavAcI nAve Aheta. pariziSTaparvAta hemacaMdrAne 'cANakya', 'caNiprasU' ANi 'caNakAtmaja' azI tIna nAve chaMdAta basaviNyAsAThI vAparalI Aheta. pariziSTaparvAta yApekSA vegaLe nAva to deta nAhI. abhidhAna-cintAmaNi-nAmamAlevarIla svopajJa TIketa hemacaMdrAne yA sarva samAnArthI nAvAMcI vyutpattI, saMbaMdhita vyAkaraNa-niyamAMsakaTa dilI Aheta. tyAce adhika vizleSaNa karaNe hA eka svataMtra zodhalekhAcA viSaya Ahe. yA ThikANI ApaNa mahattvAce mudde gheU. cANakya, kauTalya ANi viSNugupta hI tInahI ekAca vyaktIcI nAve Aheta - hI mahattvapUrNa goSTa yAtUna samajate. aneka abhyAsakAMce ase mata Ahe kI yethe hemacaMdrAne kAmasUtrakAra vAtsAyana ANi arthazAstrakAra kauTilya - yA doghAMmadhye goMdhaLa kelA Ahe. paraMtu hemacaMdrAne ApalyA TIketa yethIla vAtsAyana hA kAmasUtrakAra asalyAce mhaTalele nAhI. 'drAmila' yA nAvAcI vyutpattI detAnA hemacaMdra mhaNato, 'dramile deze bhavo drAmila: / ' yAvarUna cANakyAce janmasthAna tamiLa pradezAtIla disate. paraMtu hemacaMdrAne tyAcyA cANakyacaritrAta mAtra, to dAkSiNAtya' asalyAce koThehI sUcita kelele nAhI. yAulaTa hariSeNAcyA caritrAta mAtra, AyuSyAcyA uttarArdhAta cANakya dakSiNesa gelelA disato. 'aGgula' yA nAvAcI vyutpattI deta asatAnA hemacaMdra mhaNato kI, cANakyAlA sahAve boTa asAve athavA tyAcyA hAtAcyA ekA boTAta kAhItarI vyaMga asAve. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, zvetAMbara sAhityAta tyAcyA dADhAMviSayIcA ullekha ADhaLato. boTAMviSayIcA ullekha mAtra zvetAMbara agara digaMbara doghehI deta nAhIta.

Page #192
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 'kauTalya' yA nAvAcI vyutpattI detAnA hemacaMdra mhaNato, "kUTa mhaNaje ghaTa, ghaTAMmadhye dhAnya sAThaviNAre mhaNaje kumbhIdhAnya loka. tyAMcyA vaMzAta je hoUna gele te kauTalya.'' abhyAsakAMnI ase mata vyakta kele Ahe kI hI vyutpattI atizaya kRtrima Ahe. yA kRtrima goSTIvarUna eka mAtra siddha hote kI, vizAkhadattAne prasRta kelelA kauTilya: kuTilamati:' hA vAkpracAra hemacaMdrAlA ajibAta mAnya nasAvA. 'caNakAtmaja' yA nAvAviSayI lihita asatAnA, hemacaMdra cANakyAcyA vaDilAMnA 'RSi' mhaNato. yA zabdAvarUna cANakyAcyA vaDilAMce brAhmaNatva spaSTapaNe sUcita hote. tyAmuLe cANakyAcyA vaDilAMce ANi tyAce zrAvakatva he jainIkaraNaca asAve - yA tarkAlA puSTI miLate. 'mallanAga' nAvAviSayI hemacaMdra mhaNato, 'naU naMdAMcyA ucchedAsAThI jo mallApramANe Ahe ANi jo nAga arthAt hattIpramANe parAkramI Ahe, to 'mallanAga' hoya.' hemacaMdrAcI hI vyutpattI dekhIla kRtrima ANi AlaMkArika Ahe. 'pakSilasvAmI' ANi 'viSNugupta' yA dona nAvAMviSayI to phArazI lakSaNIya mAhitI deta nAhI. sArAMza kAya tara, hemacaMdrAne jI mAhitI yAtUna dilI Ahe tI koNatyAhI dusar2yA jaina ANi hiMdU srotAMmadhUna miLata nAhI. (42) saMkSipta-taraMgavatI-kathA (taraGgalolA) he tAMtrika dRSTIne eka khaMDakAvya asUna, nemicaMdragaNIMnI te isavI sanAcyA terAvyA zatakAta jaina mahArASTrI bhASeta lihile Ahe. nemicaMdrAne taraGgalolecyA prastAvaneta mhaTale Ahe kI, jaina prabhAvaka AcArya pAdalipta yAMnI lihilelyA taraMgavatI-kathA yA adbhuta premAkhyAnAvara 183

Page #193
kathAbAhya saMdarbha tyAMce he kAvya AdhArita Ahe. pAdaliptAcArya aMdAje isavI sanAcyA dusar2yAtisar2yA zatakAta hoUna gele. taraMgalolA kAvyAta jethe jethe yogya prasaMga udbhavela tethe tethe nemicaMdrAMnI arthazAstrAcA kiMvA arthazAstrAtIla kAhI vidhAnAMcA ullekha kelA Ahe. pAdaliptAcAryahI arthazAstrAzI paricita asAveta, asA aMdAja karaNyAsa harakata nAhI. taraGgalolecyA 853 vyA gAthetIla ullekha vizeSa lakSaNIya Ahe. tethe mhaTale Ahe kI, to bhaNati atthasatthammi vaNNiyaM suyaNu satthayArehiM / dUtI paribhava-dUtI na hoi kajjassa siddhikarI / / gA.853 "he sukanye, zAstrakArAMnI arthazAstrAta ase sAMgitale Ahe kI, jara strI-dUtI apamAnita jhAlI tara tI ticyAvara sopavilele kAma yazasvIpaNe karU zakata nAhI." kauTilIya arthazAstrAta koNatyA striyAMnA hera ANi dUta mhaNUna pAThavAveta yAsaMbaMdhIce varNana yete. arthazAstrAcyA pahilyA adhikaraNAtIla soLAvyA adhyAyAta 'dUta-saMpreSaNa' ANi 'dUta-kArya' yA zIrSakAkhAlI tatsaMbaMdhI mAhitI noMdavilelI Ahe. nemicaMdragaNIMce ase ullekha madhyayugAta hoUna gelelyA jaina AcAryAMcyA zAstrIya jJAnAce dyotaka samajale pAhijeta. (43) kSamAratnakRta piNDaniyukti-avacUri hI piNDaniyukti-bhASyAvarIla saMskRta TIkA asUna tI caudAvyA zatakAta lihilelI Ahe. pATaliputrAtIla bhISaNa duSkALa, susthita AcArya ANi tyAMce dona ziSya yAMcI kathA avacUrIta saMskRtamadhye lihilI Ahe. prAmukhyAne te nizIthacUrNItIla kathAbhAgAMce saMskRta rUpAMtaraNa asale tarI tyAtIla kAhI bheda puDhIlapramANe noMdavitA yetIla - yethe cANakyAlA 'amAtya' na mhaNatA 'maMtrI' mhaTale Ahe. 184

Page #194
kathAbAhya saMdarbha yethe cANakyAlA jaina zrAvaka' mhaTalele nAhI. kiMbahunA pUrNa kathetaca jainIkaraNAcA abhAva disato. kSamAratnAMcyA saMskRtamadhIla prAkRtaniSTha saMskRta zabda (hAyabrIDa saMskRta) he yA avacUrIce vaiziSTya Ahe. kSullau (dona taruNa bhikSu), viTAlita (viTALalele, dUSita), mutkalinau (doghAMnA mokaLe soDale.) - he kAhI zabda namunyAdAkhala sAMgatA yetIla. (44) jinaprabhasUrIMcyA vividhatIrthakalpa yA graMthAce sthAna kevaLa jaina sAhityAtaca navhe tara bhAratIya aitihAsika sAhityAtahI ananyasAdhAraNa mAnale Ahe. bhAratAtIla 40 tIrthakSetrAMviSayIcI daMtakathAtmaka ANi paurANika mAhitI, 40 prakaraNAMmadhye (kalpAMmadhye) lihilI Ahe. kAhI kalpa saMskRtAta Aheta tara kAhI kalpa prAkRtAta Aheta. caudAvyA zatakAtIla yA mahattvapUrNa graMthAcA prAkRtacyA, saMskRtacyA ANi prAcyavidyecyA vidvAnAMnI khUpa abhyAsa kelelA disato. 'pATaliputra-nagara-kalpa' nAvAcyA 36 vyA prakaraNAta cANakyAcA ullekha disato. tethe tyAlA 'cANikya' mhaTale Ahe. jaina itihAsAcA magadhAzI, pATaliputrAzI ANi cANakyAzI saMbaMdha asalyAmuLe ApalyAlA ase vATate kI, jinaprabhAMnI yethe cANakyAviSayI vistArAne lihilele asela. paraMtu ApalA apekSAbhaMga hoto. jinaprabha kevaLa ekAca oLIta sAMgatAta kI, tatraiva ca cANikyaH sacivo nandaM samUlamunmUlya mauryavaMzyaM zrIcandraguptaM nyavIvizadvizaMpatitve / (pR.69) 'tetheca (pATaliputrAtaca) cANikya sacivAne naMdAcA samULa uccheda karUna, mauryavaMzIya zrI caMdraguptAlA siMhAsanAvara basavile.' 185

Page #195
kathAbAhya saMdarbha cANakyAcyA jIvanakathetIla agadI kirakoLa eka-dona prasaMgAMcAca ojharatA ullekha jinaprabha karato. caMdraguptAcyA kArakirdItIla duSkALAcA ullekha jinaprabha AvarjUna karato. tyAnaMtara mauryavaMzIya rAjAMcI saMkSipta mAhitI dilI Ahe. samrATa azokAcA ullekha atizaya troTaka asUna, rAjA saMpratIne kelelyA jainadharmAcyA prasArAce varNana adhika vistArAne yete. eka lakSaNIya goSTa azI kI, jinaprabhAne cANakyAcA ullekha 'viSNugupta' asAhI kelA Ahe. ekaMdarIta ase disate kI, terAvyA-caudAvyA zatakAta zvetAMbara kathAsAhityAtUna cANakyakathAMce mahattva kamI-kamI hota gele Ahe. tarIhI hiMdU paraMparetIla srotAMpekSA jainAMnI kamIta kamI pAca-sAta zatakAMhUna adhika kALa cANakyAlA ApalyA sAhityAtUna jivaMta Thevalele disate. (ba) kathAbhAgApekSA vegaLe digaMbara saMdarbha va tyAvarIla bhASyaH he saMdarbha vikhuralelyA svarUpAta asalyAmuLe kAlakramAnusAra ghetale Aheta. (1) AcArya zivakoTi yAMnI lihilelA bhagavatI ArAdhanA (ArAdhanA/ mUlArAdhanA) hA graMtha jaina zaurasenI padyAMmadhye lihilelA asUna, digaMbara saMpradAyAtIla prAcIna graMthAMpaikI eka mAnalA jAto. isavI sanAcyA aMdAje tisar2yA cauthyA zatakAta lihilelyA yA graMthAta digaMbara sAhityAtIla cANakyaviSayaka pahilA ullekha sApaDato. vizeSa mhaNaje to cANakyAcyA mRtyUviSayI Ahe. bhagavatI ArAdhanepUrvI lihilyA gelelyA zvetAMbara graMthAta cANakyAcyA azA prakAracyA mRtyUcI noMda nAhI. bhagavatI ArAdhanecyA 1551 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, 186

Page #196
kathAbAhya saMdarbha goTTe pAovagado subaMdhuNA gobbare palIvidammi / DajhaMto cANakko paDivaNNo uttamaM aTuM / / cANakyAcA bhISaNa aMta yethe noMdavalA Ahe. to aMta tyAcA pratispardhI subaMdhu yAne ghaDavUna ANalA, ase mhaTale Ahe. cANakyAcyA mRtyUcyA prakArAlA yethe 'pAdapopagamana' saMbodhale Ahe. gobbara grAmAmadhye goThyAta hA prasaMga ghaDalA asehI namUda kele Ahe. bhagavatI ArAdhanecyA 2070 vyA gAtheta mahApadmanaMdAcyA dona maMtryAMcA ullekha Ahe. te doghe mhaNaje zakaTAla ANi vararuci. zakaTAlAne samAdhimaraNa svIkArale, ase mhaTale Ahe. hA ullekha kathAsaritsAgarAzI miLatAjuLatA Ahe. bhagavatI ArAdhanece TIkAkAra mAtra varIla donhI gAthAMce adhika vivecana karIta nAhIta. (2) mUlAcAra hA graMtha AcArya vaTTakerakRta mAnalA jAto. to isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakAtIla mAnalA jAto. hA graMtha digaMbara sAdhuAcArAviSayIcA pramANita graMtha Ahe. graMthAcyA 257 vyA gAtheta kauTilyAcA ojharatA ullekha Ahe. mhaTale Ahe kI, koDillamAsurakkhA bhAraharAmAyaNAdi je dhammA / hojja va tesu visuttI loiyamUDho havadi eso / / yAcA bhAvArtha asA kI - kauTilyAce arthazAstra, Ayurveda ANi rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ityAdi graMthAta je dharmAsaMbaMdhIce vivecana Ale Ahe tyAcI gaNanA 'laukikamUDhatA' azI karAvI lAgela kAraNa lokAMnA te kumArgAlA netAta. (yetheca puDhe vedAMviSayIcA suddhA anAdarabhAva vyakta 187

Page #197
kathAbAhya saMdarbha kelA Ahe.) vaTTakerAne jyAsa laukikamUDhatA ase mhaTale Ahe toca bhAva anuyogadvAra ANi naMdIsUtrAta 'mithyAzruta' yA zIrSakAkhAlI noMdavilelA Ahe. naMdIkArAne tyAlA svata:cI pustI joDUna, varIla graMtha samyakzrutAMcyA yAdIta ANaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. akarAvyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA vasudevanaMdi nAvAcyA mUlAcArAcyA TIkAkArAne mAtra, cANakyAcI tIvra zabdAta niMdA kelI Ahe. (3) yativRSabhakRta trilokaprajJapti hA graMtha dekhIla jaina zaurasenI bhASeta asUna, abhyAsakAMcyA mate to isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA te AThavyA zatakAcyA daramyAna lihilA gelA asAvA. anuyoga-vibhAgaNInusAra hA graMtha 'karaNAnuyogAcyA' aMtargata yeto. tyAce ekUNa 9 mahAadhikAra (prakaraNe) Aheta. tyAtIla cauthyA mahAadhikArAcyA 148 vyA gAtheta mhaTale Ahe kI, mauDadharesuM carimo jiNadikkhaM dharadi caMdagutto ya / tatto mauDadharA duppavvajjaM Neva geNhaMti / / mukuTadhArI rAjAMmadhye caMdragupta hA zevaTacA samrATa hoUna gelA kI jyAne jinadIkSA grahaNa kelI hotI. tyAcyAnaMtara koNatyAhI mukuTadhArI rAjAne (samrATAne) munipravrajyA ghetalI nAhI. uparokta saMdarbhAta caMdraguptAcA ullekha Ahe paraMtu tyAmadhye ANi tyAcyA AdhI ANi naMtara suddhA cANakya athavA kauTilyAcA ullekha nAhI. aneka abhyAsakAMnI ase noMdavile Ahe kI yA gAthetIla caMdragupta' hA mauryavaMzAtIla caMdragupta nasUna, naMtaracyA kALAta hoUna gelelyA gupta vaMzAtIla caMdragupta Ahe. hA graMtha jara sahAvyA zatakAtalA asela tara tyAlA samakAlIna ase ardhamAgadhI 188

Page #198
kathAbAhya saMdarbha graMtha mhaNaje cUrNI ANi kAhI TIkA hota. caMdragupta mauryAne jara kharokharI jinadIkSA grahaNa kelI asatI tara zvetAMbarAMnI tyAcA ullekha jarUra kelA asatA. hemacaMdrAne caMdragupta mauryAviSayIcI tyAlA mAhIta asalelI aitihAsika tathye ANi daMtakathA pariziSTaparvAta vistArAne dilyA Aheta. tethe caMdragupta mauryAcyA mRtyUviSayI to mhaNato, bindusAre prapedAne vayo manmathavallabham / samAdhimaraNaM prApya candragupto divaM yayau / / hemacaMdrAce he mata digaMbara AcArya hariSeNApekSA atizaya bhinna disate. hariSeNa mhaNato kI, 'caMdraguptAne bhadrabAhUMkaDUna jinadIkSA ghetalI ANi to dakSiNesa gelA.' hemacaMdrAne mAtra caMdragupta mauryAcA ANi bhadrabAhUMcA pratyakSa saMbaMdha noMdavilelA nAhI. (4) isavI sanAcyA AThavyA zatakAta lihilelyA hariSeNAcA bRhatkathAkoSa mhaNaje upalabdha saMskRta sAhityAtIla sarvAta prAcIna saMskRta kathAMcA padya-saMgraha hoya. yAta digaMbara lekhaka hariSeNAne, bhadrabAhu, vararuci, svAmI kArtikeya ityAdi prasiddha aitihAsika vyaktIMcyA 157 pAraMpArika kathA saMgrahIta kelelyA Aheta. bhagavatI ArAdhaneta sUcita kelelyA kathAMmadhIla vyaktIMvarUna jaNU kAhI sphUrtI gheUna, hariSeNAne hA graMtha lihilA. bRhatkathAkoSAtIla 143 vyA kathece nAva 'cANakya-muni-kathAnakam' Ahe. yAta 85 saMskRta zlokAMmadhye cANakyAce saMpUrNa caritra varNile Ahe. hemacaMdrAcyA cANakyakathepekSA hariSeNAcI cANakyakathA barIca vegaLI Ahe. hariSeNAcyA cANakyamunikathece taulanika parIkSaNa 189

Page #199
kathAbAhya saMdarbha AvazyakacUrNI sAtavyA zatakAtIla Ahe. tyAtIla 'cANakyacaritra' he zvetAMbarIyAMnI caudAvyA zatakAparyaMta cANakyakathece mukhya srota mhaNUna vAparale. hariSeNa hA AThavyA zatakAtIla Ahe. bRhatkathAkoSAta tyAne lihilelyA cANakyamunikathAnakAcA digaMbarIyAMnI soLAvyA zatakAparyaMta mukhya srotAsArakhA vApara kelA. hariSeNApUrvIce cANakyaviSayaka digaMbara saMdarbha agadI turaLaka ANi phakta mRtyuviSayaka Aheta. 85 saMskRta zlokAtIla hI dIrghakathA, hariSeNAne digaMbara sAhityAlA dilele yogadAna Ahe. janmAne brAhmaNa asalelyA hariSeNAne tyAcyA cANakyacaritrAsAThI skaMdapurANa ANi matsyapurANAcA AdhAra ghetalA Ahe. kathAsaritsAgarAce je samakAlIna saMskaraNa (bahudhA paizAcItIla) hariSeNAlA upalabdha hote, tyAcAhI vApara tyAne kelelA disato. vizAkhadattAcyA mudrArAkSasAcA thoDAhI prabhAva hariSeNAvara disata nAhI. hariSeNAne vRttAta basaNyAsAThI 'cANakya' ANi 'cANAkya' azI donhI nAve vAparalI Aheta. cANakyAce mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna ityAdi sarvAMcI nAve zvetAMbara sAhityApekSA agadI nirALI Aheta. cANakyAcA janma, zikSaNa, bhaviSya, muMja, vivAha yAMce tapazIla hariSeNAne pUrNapaNe gALale Aheta. tyAce brAhmaNatva ANi

Page #200
kathAbAhya saMdarbha AcAryatva mAtra hariSeNa adhorekhita karato. hemacaMdrAcyA zrAvakatvAvara hariSeNAcA bhara nAhI. tyAmuLe tyAne acAnaka zevaTI jaina dIkSA gheNe tarkasaMgata vATata nAhI. zvetAMbarAMnI tIna-cAra kathAMmadhUna cANakyAce 'zrAvakatva' paTavUna deNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. 'cANakya' he nAva soDUna hariSeNa ekadAhI tyAlA 'viSNugupta' agara 'kauTilya' mhaNata nAhI. tyAcI kuTilatA, vakratA, niSThuratA ityAdi durguNa hariSeNa sAMgata nAhI. digaMbara paraMpareta bArAvyA zatakAnaMtara cANakyAce durguNa sAMgaNyAcI pravRttI vADhalelI disate. ApaNa pUrvIca he namUda kele Ahe kI, sAtavyA-AThavyA zatakAnaMtara hiMdU paraMpareta cANakyAcI AdaraNIyatA dharmazAstrakArAMcyA prabhAvAne DhAsaLU lAgalelI hotI. Avazyaka ANi nizIthacUrNItIla, cANakyAcyA jIvanAviSayIce aneka choTe prasaMga hariSeNAne vicArAta ghetalele disata nAhIta. tyAcI tIna pramukha kAraNe sAMgatA yetIla - i) zvetAMbarAMnI raMgavilele he prasaMga tyAlA kAlpanika ANi kRtrima vATale asatIla. ii) sAMpradAyika abhinivezAmuLe zvetAMbara saMdarbhAkaDe tyAne muddAma durlakSa kele asela. kAraNa digaMbarAMnI ardhamAgadhI zvetAMbara sAhityAlA pramANita mAnalele nAhI. iii) zvetAMbarAMnI mAnya kelele cANakya-caMdraguptAMmadhIla guru-ziSya nAte, hariSeNa mAnya karIta nAhI. muLAtaca caMdraguptAlA to 'maurya' ase ekadAhI mhaNata 191

Page #201
kathAbAhya saMdarbha nAhI. tyAaivajI 'sa naraH' asA ojharatA ullekha karato. tyAmuLeca asehI vATate kI, hA caMdragupta koNI vegaLAca asAvA. hariSeNAcyA bRhatkathAkoSAta 131 ve kathAnaka bhadrabAhUMviSayI Ahe. hariSeNAne kelelyA sarva ullekhAMvarUna ekaMdarIta ase disate kI he 'bhadrabAhu' chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu nasUna niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu asAveta. taseca hariSeNAcA caMdragupta hA mauryavaMzIya nasUna, guptavaMzIya asAvA. yA caMdraguptAcI dIkSA, tyAce vizAkhAcArya' he nAva ANi dakSiNApathAsa gamana- yA goSTI hA caMdragupta vegaLA mAnalA taraca juLatAta. hariSeNAcA cANakya zvetAMbara cANakyAzI juLaNArA nasUna, jAsta karUna skaMdapurANa ANi matsyapurANAtIla 'rAjarSi' cANakya Ahe. hariSeNAcA cANakya svata:ca aneka varSe rAjya karUna, ekA vyaktIkaDe rAjya sopavUna, munidIkSA gheUna, dakSiNesa jAUna, samAdhimaraNa svIkArato. hariSeNAne koThehI namUda kelele nAhI kI, yA cANakyAne rAjanItIvarIla graMtha lihilA. vastuta: trilokaprajJapti yA graMthAta, kauTilyAcyA arthazAstrAcA ullekha 'mUDha laukika zAstrAMmadhye kelA Ahe. hariSeNAne svata:cyA cANakyacaritrAsAThI hA ullekha grAhya mAnalelA nAhI. yAcAca artha asA kI, hariSeNAcA cANakya bahudhA caMdragupta mauryAcyA amAtya cANakya Urpha kauTilyApekSA vegaLA asAvA. zvetAMbara graMthAta cANakyAlA pAriNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa mhaNUna mukhyata: prastuta kele Ahe. hariSeNAnehI anekadA cANakyAcyA buddhimattecA, cAturyAcA ANi zahANapaNAcA ullekha kelA Ahe. paraMtu caturvidha buddhIpaikI pAriNAmikI buddhIcyA' saMdarbhAta, hariSeNAne cANakyAlA prastuta kelele nAhI. yAce kAraNa ase kI,

Page #202
kathAbAhya saMdarbha digaMbara saMprayAdAtIla jJAnamImAMseta caturvidha buddhIMce prArUpa mAMDalele disata nAhI. hariSeNAcA cANakya, vedavidyApAraMgata brAhmaNa asalA tarI to svata: zUra krAMtikAraka, azvArohaNAta pravINa, rAjanaitika draSTA ANi atizaya kuzala prazAsaka hotA- azI pratimA hariSeNAne nirmANa kelI Ahe. hariSeNAne cANakyAlA 'rAjarSi' padavI dilI Ahe tara zvetAMbarAMcyA dRSTIne to biMbAMtarita rAjA Ahe. ekaMdarIta hariSeNAne raMgavilele vividhAMgI kartRtva zvetAMbarAMcyA cANakyAlA joDale tara tyAce adhikaca yathArtha citraNa samora yete. cANakyAcyA udAtta samAdhimaraNAcI stutI mAtra donhI saMpradAyAMnI ekamukhAne kelI Ahe. (5) somadevAcA nItivAkyAmRta hA graMtha mhaNaje jaina paraMparetIla kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA abhyAsAcA jaNU paripAkaca hoya. isavI sanAcyA dahAvyA zatakAta digaMbara AcArya somadevAMnI sUtrabaddha saMskRtAta lihilelA hA graMtha mhaNaje jaNU kAhI kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA vistRta dAlanAce pravezadvAraca hoya. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcI puDhIla kALAta jI aneka saMskaraNe tayAra jhAlI tyAtIla atyaMta vidvatpriya ase saMskaraNa mhaNaje somadevAce nItivAkyAmRta hoya. kauTilyAce abhyAsaka Ar. zyAmazAstrI lihitAta, 'somadevasUriNA nItivAkyAmRtaM nAma nItizAstraM viracitaM tadapi kAmandakIyamiva kauTilIyArthazAstrAdeva saMkSipya saMgRhItamiti tadgranthapadavAkyazailIparIkSAyAM nissaMzayaM jJAyate (nItivAkyAmRta, prastAvanA - paM.nAthUrAma premI, pR.5) kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA paraMparetIla hA mahattvAcA graMtha sopyA bhASeta lihUna, somadevAMnI kauTilya arthAt cANakyAcA kelelA gaurava, hA AjahI jainAMnI japalelyA

Page #203
kathAbAhya saMdarbha cANakyaviSayaka AdarabhAvAcA sarvocca mAnabiMdU Ahe. nItivAkyAmRta hA graMtha kauTilIya arthazAstrAce saMkSipta saMskaraNa asUnahI, he atizaya lakSaNIya Ahe kI tyAne kauTilyAce akSaraza: anusaraNa kelele nAhI taseca jainIkaraNahI kaTAkSAne TALale Ahe. kauTilyAcI jI sopI arthavAhI ANi sarvasamAvezaka sUtre Aheta tI somadevAne AvazyakatenusAra jazIcyA tazI ghetalI Aheta. paraMtu kliSTatA ANi durbodhatA TALalI Ahe. donhI graMthAta samAnatene ADhaLaNArI kAhI sUtre jijJAsU vAcakAMnI nAthUrAma premIMcyA prastAvanetUna avazya pAhAvI (prastAvanA, pR.6-7) ___nItivAkyAmRtAcA prAraMbhaca somadevAMcyA krAMtadarzI pratibhece dyotaka Ahe. koNatyAhI devadevatAMnA agara dharmanAyakAMnA vaMdana karaNyAaivajI, somadeva rASTravaMdana karUna mhaNatAta, 'atha dharmArthakAmaphalAya rAjyAya namaH / ' jaina munI asUnahI tyAMnI kauTilyAlA anusarUna dharma,artha ANi kAma yA tIna laukika puruSArthAvara tIna svataMtra prakaraNe lihilI Aheta. jainAMcI samatA ANi ahiMsA hI dona tattve sUtrAta kauzalyAne guMphUna, tyAMnA sarvasamAvezaka nItimUlyAMcA darjA prApta karUna detAta. te atizaya sahajapaNe lihUna jAtAta, 'sarvasattveSu hi samatA sarvAcaraNAnAM paramAcaraNaM / ' kauTilyAce anusaraNa karUna, somadevAne jarI svAmI, amAtya, janapada, durga, koza ityAdIMvara prakaraNe lihilI asalI tarI tyAcI svataMtra buddhimattA ANi samabhAva 'divasAnuSThAna', 'sadAcAra' ANi 'vyavahAra' yA tIna prakaraNAtUna vizeSaca vyakta hoto. khudda nItivAkyAmRtAta ANi tyAcyA TIketa, cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAviSayI kAya mAhitI miLate, hA prastutacA mukhya viSaya asalyAmuLe somadevAcyA cANakyAvarIla kAhI nirIkSaNe ApaNa pAhU. * somadevAne athavA tyAcyA TIkAkArAne AraMbhI cANakya athavA kauTilyAcA 194

Page #204
kathAbAhya saMdarbha RNanirdeza kelelA nAhI. somadeva AraMbhIca mhaNato kI, nItizAstra ANi arthazAstra zikaNyAcA mukhya uddeza 'jiteMdriyatA' prApta karaNe hA Ahe. cANakyahI arthazAstrAta vAraMvAra jiteMdriyatecA ullekha karato. maMtrisamuddezAtIla tisar2yA sUtrAta somadeva mhaNato, 'zreSTha vyaktIne sthApana kelelA dagaDa suddhA devatvAsa pohocato maga mANasAbaddala kAya mhaNAyace?' he vivecana kelyAbarobara somadevAlA cANakya ANi caMdraguptAcI AThavaNa yete. to lihito, 'tathA cAnuzrUyate viSNuguptAnugrahAdanadhikRto'pi kila candraguptaH sAmrAjyapadamavApa / ' (nItivAkyAmRta 10.3-4) yA sUtrAtIla anuzrUyate' hA zabda atizaya bolakA Ahe. yA zabdAvarUna tyAlA ase sUcita karAvayAce Ahe kI, cANakya ANi candraguptAviSayIcyA aneka AkhyAyikA ANi daMtakathA samAjAta pracalita Aheta. hI goSTa kharIca Ahe kI, somadevAcyA kALAparyaMta zvetAMbara jainAMnI tyApaikI aneka daMtakathA prAkRtamadhye lihilelyA hotyA. nItivAkyAmRtAcA TIkAkAra cANakyAviSayIcI adhika mAhitI deto. tyAne AvarjUna mhaTale Ahe kI, viSNugupta ANi cANakya yA dona 'ekaca vyaktI' hota. nItivAkyAmRtAtIla dahAvyA samuddezAtIla cauthyA sUtrAcyA saMdarbhAta TIkAkAra eka zloka uddhRta karato. tyAta tyAne caMdraguptAlA uddezUna hIna vRhala' ase mhaTale Ahe. yAtIla 'vRhala' zabda zUdratAsUcaka asUna, to zabda mudrArAkSasAta anekadA vAparalA Ahe. TIkAkArAcyA mate, candragupta hA 'maurikakulotpanna' asUna, 'maurika' hI eka hIna jAtI Ahe. terAvyA samuddezAta somadeva lihito, 'zrUyate hi kila cANakyastIkSNadUtaprayogeNaikaM 195

Page #205
kathAbAhya saMdarbha nandaM jaghAneti / ' somadevAcA hA saMdarbha vizeSaca mAnalA pAhije kAraNa tyAtUna tyAveLacI, itaratra na noMdavilelI vegaLIca daMtakathA sUcita kelI Ahe. 'cANakyAne tIkSNa dUtAcA prayoga karUna naMda rAjAcA vadha kelA'- asA ullekha jaina sAhityAta itaratra ADhaLata nAhI. kathAsaritsAgarAta noMdavale Ahe kI, 'cANakyAne zakaTAlAcyA gharI rAhUna maMtra-taMtra-jAdUToNyAne naMdAlA mArale.' amAtyAsaMbaMdhIcyA samuddezAta mhaTale Ahe kI, sUDabuddhIne ANi dveSAne peTalelA amAtya moTheca saMkaTa ubhe karato. yAsAThI somadevAne zakuni ANi zakaTAlAcI udAharaNe dilI Aheta. zakaTAlAne naMdAviSayIcyA dveSabhAvanene cANakyAlA zodhUna, tyAcyAkaDUna ApalA sUDa pUrNa karUna ghetalA, azI kathA digaMbara paraMpareta hariSeNAne rUDha kelI hotI. bahudhA he vidhAna tyA kathecyA saMdarbhAtaca asAve. pharaka itakAca kI hariSeNAne hI kathA zakaTAlAcyA aivajI 'kavi' nAvAcyA vyaktIzI joDalI Ahe. vyavahAra-samuddezAcyA 38 vyA sUtrAta somadeva mhaNato, 'sa sukhI yasya eka eva dAraparigrahaH / ' sukhI AyuSyAcyA saMkalpanecyA saMdarbhAta TIkAkAra, cANakyAcA eka zloka uddhRta karato. tyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'jara gharAta dona patnI asalyA tara kalaha mAjato. gRhasthAjavaLa jevhA eka patnI, tIna mule, dona nAMgara cAlaviNyAevaDhI zetI, dahA gAyI ANi pAca hajAra suvarNanANI asatIla ANi taseca jo gRhastha agnihotrAdi dharmakRtye karIta asela to kharAkhurA sukhI samajAvA.' sukhI AyuSyAcI hI kalpanA yethe cANakyAcI mhaNUna sAMgitalI Ahe. ApaNa tAtparya evaDheca ghyAvayAce kI, jaNU kAhI cANakyAcyA saMtoSavRttIceca he dyotaka Ahe. zvetAMbara-digaMbara doghAMnAhI cANakyAce aseca nirAsakta, alpasaMtuSTa

Page #206
kathAbAhya saMdarbha jIvana raMgavile Ahe. sarva adhikAra asalelyA amAtyapadAcA gairaphAyadA gheUna, cANakyAne kadhIhI vaiyaktika dhanasaMpattI jamA kelI nAhI. mhaNUna tara jaina paraMparene nehamIca tyAcA Adara kelA. jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAcA zodha gheta asatAnA, nItivAkyAmRtAta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA cANakyAce sthAna atizaya lakSaNIya Ahe he nakkI. (6) zrIcaMdrAcA kathAkoSa (kahakosu) hA graMtha apabhraMza bhASetalA asUna, isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta lihilelA Ahe. zrIcaMdra hA saMpradAyAne digaMbara Ahe. tyAne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA graMthAtIla kAhI gAthA nivaDalyA. tyA gAthAMmadhye sUcita kelelyA kathA, apabhraMza bhASeta vistArAne padyabaddha kelyA. pariSaha sahana karaNyAbAbatacI cANakyAcI kathA tyAne kathAkoSAta rasALapaNe mAMDalI Ahe. (kahakosu pR.508 te 512) zrIcaMdra mukhyataH ApalyA kathesAThI hariSeNAcyA saMskRta kathecAca AdhAra gheto. tyAta tyAne kelele thoDe badala ANi zrIcaMdrAcI vaiziSTye khAlIlapramANe sAMgatA yetIla - AraMbhI zrIcaMdrAne naMdAMcyA tIna maMtryAMcA ullekha kelA Ahe - 'kavi' (kvacit 'kAvi'), 'subaMdhu' ANi 'zakaTAla'. cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAtIla 'brAhmaNatva' adhika spaSTa kele Ahe ANi 'zrAvakatva' spaSTa kelele nAhI. caMdraguptAcA spaSTa ullekha na karaNe, zrIcaMdrAlA mAnya jhAlele nAhI. to mhaNato, tA rajjatthiu naMdaho kerau, caMdaguttu nAme dAserau /

Page #207
kathAbAhya saMdarbha puTThihe laggau taM leppiNu dhaNu, gau cANakku NaMdamAraNamaNu / / (pR.511) arthAt zrIcaMdrAcyA mate, rAjyAvara sthita asalelyA naMdAcA caMdragupta hA 'dAsIputra' hotA. naMdAlA mAraNyAcA manomana nizcaya kelelyA cANakyAcyA pAThopATha (barobara) to dhana gheUna nighUna gelA. yethIla varNana 'AvazyakacUrNI' ANi 'hariSeNa' yAMcyApekSA vegaLe Ahe. caMdraguptAce paryAyI nAva 'zazigupta' Ahe. he zrIcaMdrAce ANi ekaMdarIta apabhraMza bhASececa vaiziSTya Ahe. hariSeNAne cANakyAlA svata:lAca rAjA banavile Ahe. te zrIcaMdrAlA mAnya nAhI. zvetAMbara mAnyatenusAra to cANakyAlA 'amAtya'ca mhaNato. zrIcaMdrAcA cANakya caMdraguptAlA rAjA banavito. cANakyAcyA arthazAstrAcA ANi kaDaka zistIcA sAkSAt ullekha nasalA tarI tyAce yAtIla kauzalya spaSTa karaNyAsAThI zrIcaMdra mhaNato, appaNu paDigAhiu maMtittaNu ciMtiu desu kosu suhi pariyaNu / (pR.511) arthAt cANakyAne svata: maMtrIpada svIkArale ANi dezAcI, koSAcI ANi hera, dUta ityAdi rAjaparivArAcI khUpa ciMtA kelI. subaMdhUcyA manAta cANakyAviSayI asalelA dveSabhAva ANi zatrutva khUpa raMgavile Ahe. cANakyAcyA mRtyUlA 'samAdhimaraNa' mhaTale Ahe. tyAce 'sAdhutva' ANi 'pazcAttApa' yAce varNana vistArAne karUnahI, zrIcaMdrAne tyAlA siddhigatIlA pohocavilele nAhI. tara tyAlA sarvArthasiddha' svargAta sthAna dile Ahe. zrIcaMdrAcyA manAta asalele cANakyAce gauravAspada sthAna to puDhIla zabdAta prakaTa karato - 198

Page #208
kathAbAhya saMdarbha dhIradhIru guruguNahi~ gurukkau , gau savvaTThaho muNi cANakkau / (pR.512) ekaMdarIta, hariSeNApekSA zrIcaMdrAce cANakyacaritra adhika paTaNAre ANi tarkasaMgata Ahe. tyAne kAhI-kAhI zvetAMbara saMdarbha ApalyA caritrAta samAviSTa karUna ghetalele disatAta. mAtra cANakyAcyA janmApAsUnacA itthaMbhUta vRttAMta tyAne raMgavilelA nAhI. (7) mUlAcAra yA graMthAvarIla TIkA vasunandi/vasudevanandi yAne isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta zailIdAra saMskRtAta lihilelI Ahe. mUlAcArAcyA 257 vyA gAthevara tyAne laukika zrutAcI niMdA karaNArA khUpa moThA pariccheda lihilA Ahe. dusar2yA dharmasaMpradAyAMnA 'mithyAtva' ANi 'pAkhaMDa' ase saMbodhUna cANakyAcyA graMthAvara, aneka gairasamajutIMcyA AdhAre TIkecI jhoDa uThavilI Ahe, tI azI - "kuTilatecA bhAva mhaNaje kauTilya. kuTilatA heca jyAce prayojana Ahe tyAsa 'kauTilyadharma' mhaNAve. tyAtIla sarva vyavahAra lokAMnA ThakaviNAre ANi lokAMzI pratAraNA karaNAre asatAta. nagarAcI surakSA karatAnA tyAmadhye nagarAce rakSaka mhaNaviNAre loka chedana-bhedana-tADana-trAsana-utpATana ANi mAraNa he sarva upAya vAparatAta. athavA kauTilyadharma mhaNaje putra-baMdhu-mitrapitR-mAtR-svAmI yA sarvAMcA ghAta karaNyAcA upadeza. taseca cANakyAne jIvanAcyA surakSesAThI madyamAMsAdi khANyAcA upadeza kelA Ahe. --- azA aneka prakArAMnI je durAcaraNAcA upadeza karatAta tyAmuLe aikaNAr2yAMvara taseca duSpariNAma hotAta. hIca tI 'laukika mUDhatA' hoya." 199

Page #209
kathAbAhya saMdarbha kauTilyazAstra ANi AsurakSa (? AyurvedazAstra) yA doghAMcI kelelI yatheccha niMdA saMpUrNa jaina sAhityAta hI ekameva Ahe. cANakyAcA itakA ughaDa niSedha anya koNIhI kelelA nAhI. jaina sAdhuvargAta cANakyAkaDe pAhANyAcA asAhI dRSTikoNa hotA - yAce digdarzana yA paricchedAmadhye hote. kauTilya ANi cANakya he ekaca' Aheta he yethe spaSTa hote. rAjanItizAstra (arthazAstra) ANi Ayurveda he donhI javaLajavaLa ekaca mAnUna hI TIkA kelI Ahe. kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla AyurvedaviSayaka bhAgAne kadAcit tyAce lakSa vedhUna ghetale asela. dharma-artha-kAma yA trivargAMnA mahattva deUna, mokSAkaDe durlakSa kelyAmuLe vasunandIlA cANakyAce pratipAdana AvaDale nasela. kAraNa jaina paraMparA saMpUrNa mokSalakSyI ANi ahiMsApradhAna Ahe. kaDaka zAsana ANi kaThora krUra zikSA mAnya nasalyAmuLe vasunandIne ahiMsecyA dRSTikoNAtUna tyAMnA garhaNIya mAnale asAve. cANakyAsaMbaMdhI lihitAnA aneka zvetAMbara-digaMbara pUrvasUrIMnI cANakyAviSayI vyakta kelelA AdarabhAva vasunandIne pUrNa najareADa kelA Ahe. cANakyAcI buddhimattA, nirAsakta vRttI, sahanazIlatA ANi svecchAmaraNa - yA sarva goSTIMcI dakhalahI vasunandi gheta nAhI. siddhAMtacakravartI nemicaMdrAMcA gommaTasAra hA suprasiddha graMtha jaina zaurasenIta asUna, to isavI sanAcyA akarAvyA zatakAta lihilelA Ahe. he AcArya digaMbarasaMpradAyI asUna, karnATakAtIla 'gaMga' rAjavaMzAzI, 'zravaNabeLagoLa' yA suprasiddha sthAnAzI ANi 'cAmuMDarAya' yA amAtyAzI javaLUna nigaDita hote. mUlAcArAtIla 257 vI gAthA tyAMnI pahilA zabda badalUna, jazIcyA tazI uddhRta 200

Page #210
kathAbAhya saMdarbha kelI Ahe. kauTilyAcA ullekha ANi rAjanItIcI niMdA graMthakArAne ANi TIkAkArAne saMpUrNa gALalI Ahe. rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdi graMthAMnA nemicaMdra 'zrutaajJAna' mhaNato. paraMtu tyA yAdIta kauTilIya arthazAstrAcI gaNanA karIta nAhI. vara sAMgitalyApramANe rAjA-amAtya yA sarvAMzI saMbaMdhita asalyAmuLe tyAlA hI jANIva asAvI kI, rAjanaitika vyavahArAmadhye suzAsanAsAThI aneka kaThora upAya avalaMbAveca lAgatAta. 'gaMga' vaMzAce sAmrAjya tyA kALAta khUpa vistAralele hote. yA sarva bAbI dhyAnI gheUna, tyAne cANakyAcA ullekha ANi tyAvarIla kaThora TIkA donhIhI hetupurassara TALalele disate. puNyAzravakathAkoSa hA digaMbara paraMparetIla saMskRta graMtha rAmacaMdra mumukSUne, isavI sanAcyA bArAvyA zatakAta lihilelA Ahe. upavAsAcyA phalAce varNana karaNyAsAThI tyAne 'bhadrabAhu-cANakya-caMdragupta-kathA' hI 38 vI kathA lihilelI Ahe. yA gadya katheta zakaTAla ANi cANakya yAMcA vRttAMta saMkSepAne dilA Ahe. naMdAcyA nAzAsAThI zakaTAlAneca cANakyadvijAcI nivaDa kelI, ase mhaTale Ahe. naMdAcyA bhojanazALetIla cANakyAcyA apamAnAcA vRttAMta saMkSepAne dilA Ahe. lekhakAcyA mate, caMdragupta hA kSatriya' Ahe. cANakya ANi caMdraguptAne ekatrita yeUna, pratyaMtavAsI rAjAcyA madatIne naMdAcA nAza kelA. cANakyAne caMdraguptAlA pATaliputrAcA rAjA banavile, ase spaSTa mhaTale Ahe. prastuta katheta, cANakyAce caritra atizaya duyyama prakAre raMgavile Ahe. kAraNa bhadrabAhu ANi rAjA saMprati yAMce varNana karaNe, hA lekhakAcA mukhya hetU Ahe. 201

Page #211
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 'raidhU' yA apabhraMza kavIne rAmacaMdra mumukSUcI hI kathA AdhArabhUta mAnUna, tyAlA 'kalki' rAjAMcyA kathAnakAcI joDa dilI Ahe. (10) prabhAcaMdrAcA ArAdhanAkathAprabandha hA saMskRta graMtha isavI sanAcyA terAvyA zatakAtIla Ahe. hA kathAkoSahI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA graMthAtIla kathAMvaraca AdhArita Ahe. yAtIla 80 vI kathA cANakya-subaMdhUcyA vRttAMtAvara AdhArita asUna, cANakyAcyA maraNAce varNana 'prAyopagata maraNa' ase kele Ahe. hariSeNAlA AdhArabhUta mAnUnaca, prabhAcaMdrAne cANakyacaritra gadya saMskRtAta lihile Ahe. kavIcA ullekha satata 'kAvi' asA kelA Ahe. hariSeNApramANeca yAne 'caMdragupta' yA nAvAcA ullekha ekadAhI kelelA nAhI. cANakya svata:ca naMdAlA mArato va dIrghakALa rAjyabhoga gheto, ase citrita kele Ahe. ArAdhanAkathAprabaMdhAta ajUnahI ekadA cANakyAcA ullekha yeto. zvetAMbarAMnI vAraMvAra ullekha kelele durlabha manuSyatvAce dahA dRSTAMta, prabhAcaMdrAne yA graMthAta varNita kele Aheta. zvetAMbara sAhityAta, pAzakadRSTAMta cANakyAcyA saMdarbhAta sAMgitalA Ahe. paraMtu yethe tIca kathA 'zivazarmA' nAvAcyA vegaLyAca brAhmaNAcyA nAvAvara sAMgitalI Ahe. eka prakAre, cANakyAcA brAhmaNatvAvara kelele he zikkAmortabaca mhaNAve lAgela. ekaMdarIta, prabhAcaMdrAne hariSeNApekSA phArase kAhIca vegaLe sAMgitale nAhI. (11) raidhUce bhadrabAhu-cANakya-caMdragupta-kathAnaka hI 28 kaDavakAMcI eka choTI salaga kavitA Ahe. he laghukAvya isavI sanAcyA caudA-paMdharAvyA zatakAta lihilele Ahe. 28 kaDavakAMpaikI dona kaDavakAMmadhye zakaTAla-cANakya ANi 202

Page #212
kathAbAhya saMdarbha caMdraguptAcI kathA saMkSepAne noMdavilI Ahe. cANakyAce saMpUrNa caritra raMgaviNe, he raidhUce prayojana nAhI. kuza gavata khodaNyAcyA nimittAne zakaTAla ANi cANakyAcA paricaya hoto. zakaTAlAcyA vinaMtIvarUna cANakya, naMdAcyA bhojanazALeta suvarNAcyA AsanAvara basUna, cANakya roja bhojana gheU lAgato. ekA viziSTa divazI zakaTAla muddAmaca sonyAce Asana badalUna, tyA jAgI caTaIcA tukaDA TAkato. he sarva naMdAcyA AjJene ghaDale, ase bhAsavato. cANakyAcA apamAna hoto ANi naMdAlA ukhaDUna TAkaNyAcI pratijJA karato. cANakya ANi caMdragupta parvatakAcyA sAhyAne naMdAcA uccheda karatAta. cANakya caMdraguptAlA rAjyAbhiSeka karato. naMdAcyA bhojanazALetalA prasaMga yethe thoDyA vegaLyA paddhatIne sAMgitalelA disato. taseca pATaliputra' yA nAvAaivajI yA kathAnakAta pATalipura' yA nAvAcA upayoga kelelA disato. (12) devAcAryakRta cANakyarSikathA nAvAcyA hastalikhitAcA ullekha pro.ec.DI.velaNakara yocyA jinaratnakoza yA pustakAta ADhaLato. jaina hastalikhitAMcI mAhitI deNArA hA kaeNTalaoNga bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA saMsthene prakAzita kelelA Ahe. yA zIrSakAce he ekameva hastalikhita asUna adyApa prakAzita jhAlele nAhI. kaeNTalaoNgamadhye vizeSa tapazIla dilelA nasalA tarI asA aMdAja karatA yeto kI bahudhA 'devAcArya' nAvAcyA digaMbara AcAryAMnI hariSeNAcyA cANakyamunikathevara AdhArita ase he caritra saMskRtAta lihilele asAve. hastalikhita samakSa pAhile nasalyAne tyAviSayI adhika bhASya karaNe ucita vATata nAhI. (13) paMDita daulatarAma kAzalIvAla yAMnI isavI sanAcyA soLAvyA zatakAta, 203

Page #213
kathAbAhya saMdarbha apabhraMzAne prabhAvita azA junyA hiMdIta puNyAzravakathAkoSAvara eka TIkAgraMtha lihilelA Ahe. khare tara, saMskRta puNyAzravakathAkoSAce he prAcIna hiMdItIla rUpAMtara Ahe. yAta cANakyAcI kathA pR.155 te 157 yAmadhye dilI Ahe. uparokta katheta vastutaH koNatehI vegaLepaNa nAhI. paraMtu digaMbara paraMpareta isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA zatakApAsUna isavI sanAcyA soLAvyA zatakAparyaMta sAtatyAne cANakyAsaMbaMdhI lekhana hota rAhile-hI goSTa yAvarUna siddha hote. 204

Page #214
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 205

Page #215
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 206

Page #216
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 207

Page #217
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 208

Page #218
kathAbAhya saMdarbha 209

Page #219
210

Page #220
prakaraNa 5 arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna jaina sAhitya

Page #221

Page #222
prastAvanA prakaraNa 5 arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna jaina sAhitya kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsa, dezAvidezAtIla vidvAnAMnI aneka aMgAMnI kelA. jagAtIla sarva pramukha bhASAMmadhye, tyAce anuvAdahI prasiddha Aheta. prAcIna bhAratIyAMcyA jJAnaprakarSa dAkhaviNAr2yA aneka zAstrIya graMthAMmadhye, kauTilIya arthazAstrAce sthAna agragaNya Ahe. yA graMthAcI mahattA itakI nirvivAda Ahe kI, tyAcI adhika stutI karaNyAcI, ajibAta AvazyakatA nAhI. jaina sAhityAtIla cANakyAcA, kholavara zodha gheta asatAnA, kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI tyAce asalele nAte, ekhAdyA citrapaTAsArakhe, DoLyAsamora haLUhaLU ulagaData gele. azI AvazyakatA vATU lAgalI kI, kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla aneka tapazilAMcA, 213

Page #223
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna jaina sAhityAcyA saMdarbhAta punarvicAra karAvA. arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna jaina sAhityAkaDe baghata asatAnA, pramukha pAca mudde najaresamora Ale. prastuta prakaraNAta tyAMcA kramAkramAne vicAra kelA Ahe. a) jaina sAhityikAMnI arthazAstrAtUna ghetalelI kathAbIje AttAparyaMta ApaNa jaina sAhityAtIla, cANakyaviSayaka kathAMcA anuvAda kelA, parIkSaNa kele ANi tulanAhI prastuta kelI. yethe cANakyakathAMcA kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI asalelA dhAgA spaSTa karaNyAcA prayatna kelelA Ahe. prathamadarzanI he namUda kele pAhije kI, kauTilyAne arthazAstrAta svata:ca aneka ThikANI, pAraMparika aitihAsika AkhyAyikA, saMkSepAne noMdavUna ThevalyA Aheta. hI tyAcI zailI 6 vyA, 20 vyA ANi 95 vyA adhyAyAMmadhye disUna yete. 6 vyA adhyAyAta azA bArA vyaktIMcI nAve namUda kelI Aheta kI jyAMnI svata:cyA iMdriyAMvara tAbA nasalyAmuLe, svata:cA vinAza karUna ghetalA. 20 vyA adhyAyAta sAMgitale Ahe kI, 'rANIcyA mahAlAcI kALajIpUrvaka tapAsaNI kelyAzivAya, khudda rAjAne dekhIla tethe praveza karU naye.' bhadrasena i. sAta rAjAMcI udAharaNe tethe dilI Aheta kI, jyAMnA tyAMcyA rANyAMnI ghAtapAtAne ThAra mArale. 95 vyA adhyAyAta rAjAzI saMbaMdhita azA, sahA vyaktIMcyA kathA ekekA oLIta dilyA Aheta, kI jyAMnI atizaya choTyAzA goSTIvarUna, yogya tI sUcanA ghetalI ANi rAjAcI khappAmarjI jhAlyAce oLakhUna, veLevaraca rAjyatyAga kelA. niyuktikAra bhadrabAhUMnI isavI sanAcyA tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakAta, jaina paraMpareta azAca prakAracI zailI vikasita kelelI disate. ApalyA niryuktIMmadhye tyAMnI atizaya saMkSepAne, pAraMparika kathA noMdavilelyA disatAta. pAriNAmikI buddhIcI udAharaNe Avazyaka 214

Page #224
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna niryuktIta noMdavilelI Aheta ANi tyAmadhye mukhyata: cANakyAcyAca kathA yetAta. (Avazyaka niyukti kra.51, pR.93). piNDaniyuktIcyA 500 vyA gAthetIla udAharaNAmadhyehI punhA cANakyAcI gaNanA kelI Ahe. naMdIsUtrAtIla 74 vyA gAtheta pAriNAmikI buddhIcI bArA udAharaNe dilI Aheta. arthAt tyAta cANakya yetoca. AkhyAyikA sUcita karaNAr2yA dvAragAthA deNyAcI paraMparA, naMtaracyA jaina sAhityikAMnI surU ThevalI. upadezapada, upadezamAlA, dharmopadezamAlA, AkhyAnamaNikoza i. aneka kathAsaMgrahAMmadhye dvAragAthAMta kathAMce sUcana yete. arthazAstra ANi jaina sAhityAta, he zailIgata sAmya asale tarI, eka nirIkSaNa noMdaviNe Avazyaka Ahe. cANakyAne namUda kelelyA vyaktirekhAMcyA kathA, hiMdU paraMpareta ANi jaina sAhityAtahI javaLajavaLa ADhaLataca nAhIta. jaina sAhityAtIla cANakyakathA hyA, kauTilIya arthazAstrAta vyakta kelelyA AzayAzI, nikaTacA saMbaMdha ThevUna Aheta. ase jANavate kI, jaina sAhityikAMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsa karUna, tyAtUna utkRSTa azI mithake ANi kathAbIje nivaDalI. zailIdAra kalpanAramyatecI joDa deUna tyAtUna aneka kathA, upakathA, AkhyAyikA, daMtakathA, dRSTAMta i.cI nirmitI kelI. yA dRSTIne kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA saMpUrNa zodha gheNe - he ekA moThyA saMzodhana prakalpAce kAma Ahe. prastuta ThikANI kAhI jainakathAMcA arthazAstrIya dhAgA, namunyAdAkhala sAMgitalA Ahe. / arthazAstrAcyA 23 vyA adhyAyAta hattIMsAThI saMrakSita vanakSetre japaNyAviSayI ANi tyAMce saMvardhana karaNyAviSayI, mahattvapUrNa tapazIla dilA Ahe. kauTilya mhaNato, "nara hattIMcA mAga kADhAyacA asela tara, tyAbAbata mAdI hattiNI atizaya upayukta TharatAta. hattIMcyA mArgAvara ANi AjUbAjUcyA jhuDapAMnA, 215

Page #225
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna hattIMcyA mUtrAce siMcana jhAle asela tara, hattINa tyAcA mArga kADhU zakate." abhayakumArAcyA katheta AmradevasUrIMnI, heca kathAbIja thoDA badala karUna vAparale Ahe. jevhA udayana hA rAjA pradyotAcyA 'nalagiri' nAvAcyA hattIce apaharaNa karato, tevhA arthazAstrAtIla hIca paddhata vAparato. udayana hA nalagiri hattIcyA mUtrAne, cAra ghaDe bharUna gheto. viziSTa-viziSTa aMtarAne te khAlI pAData jAto. 'bhadrAvatI' nAvAcI hattINa, tyAcA vAsa gheta, tyAcA pAThalAga karate. yAca yuktIcA vApara karUna udayana ANi vAsavadattA avaMtIpAsUna kauzAMbIparyaMtacA pravAsa pUrNa karatAta. abhayAkhyAnAta mhaTale Ahe kI - ussiMghai jAva tayaM hatthI tA hatthiNI pavaNavegA / paNuvIsajoyaNAI gayA puNo nalagirI patto / / to avarA muttaghaDIu tappuro pADiyAo jA tinni / tA saMpatto kosaMbiniyapuriM udayaNanariMdo / / (AkhyAnamaNikoza, abhayAkhyAna, gAthA 243-244, pR.16) (2) arthazAstrAcyA 30 vyA adhyAyAta, vittAdhikAr2yAMcI parIkSA kazI ghyAvI, te sAMgitale Ahe. tethe tIna prakArace adhikArI varNile Aheta. 'mUlahara' yA prakAracA adhikArI sarva pUrvArjita saMpattIce bhakSaNa karato. 'tAdAtvika' adhikArI phakta bhAMDavala surakSita Thevato. tyAvarIla lAbhAce bhakSaNa karato. 'kadarya' nAvAcA adhikArI svata:vara ANi dusar2yAvara khUpa baMdhane ghAlUna kaMjUSapaNAne khUpa paisA sAThavito. he kathAbIja ardhamAgadhI graMthAMmadhye, mUlasUtra mhaNUna gaNalyA gelelyA uttarAdhyayanAta, javaLajavaLa jasecyA tase yete. tyAcA saMdarbha ANi tAtparya thoDe 216

Page #226
vegaLe Ahe. tIna vyApArI, bhAMDavala gheUna, vyApArAsAThI nighatAta. ekAlA tyAvara lAbha hoto. dusarA phakta mULa bhAMDavalAsakaTa parata yeto. tisarA mULa bhAMDavalasuddhA gamAvUna parata yeto. vyavahArAtIla hI upamA, cAra gatIMnA lAvUna dAkhavilI Ahe. thoDakyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'manuSyajanma he mULa bhAMDavala Ahe. devagatIcI prAptI hA lAbha Ahe. mUlaccheda kelelyA jIvAMnA nakkIca narakatiryaMcagatI prApta hote. ' jahA yatiNi vaNiyA, mUlaM ghettUNa niggayA / egottha labhaI lAbhaM, ego mUleNa Agao / / ego mUlaM pi hArettA, Agao tattha vaNio / vavahAre uvamA esA evaM dhamme viyANaha // , arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna mANusattaM bhave mUlaM, lAbho devagaI bhave / mUlaccheeNa jIvANaM naraga - tirikkhattaNaM dhuvaM // , (uttarAdhyayana 7.14,15,16) uttarAdhyayanAcyA 'sukhabodhA' TIketa hI kathA, atizaya cAMgalyA prakAre raMgavUna sAMgitalI Ahe. (3) arthazAstrAcA 48 vA adhyAya hA, gaNikA ANi vezyA yAMcyAzI saMbaMdhita Ahe. gaNikAdhyakSa, gaNikAMce mUlya, gaNikAMnI sarakArI tijorIta bharAvayAcA kara i. sarvAMcI vistRta mAhitI tyAta Ahe. adhyAyAcyA zevaTI kauTilyAne, gaNikAMkaDUna azI apekSA vyakta kelI Ahe kI, atyaMta mahattvAcyA rAjakIya pecaprasaMgI, gaNikAMnI heragirIce kAma karAve. abhayAkhyAnAta caMDapradyota ANi abhayakumAra doghehI, ekamekAMcyA 217

Page #227
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna apaharaNAsAThI gaNikAMcA vApara karatAta. abhayAkhyAnAcyA 192 vyA gAtheta gaNikA caMDapradyotAlA mhaNate - taM nisuNiUNa vinnavai naravaI camarahAriNI gaNiyA / Aisasu devaM ! ma jhatti jeNa baMdhiya tamANe haM / / (te aikUna rAjAcI camaradhAriNI gaNikA mhaNAlI kI, 'deva ! malA AjJA dyA. mI tyAlA caTakana bAMdhUna ANate.') 260 vyA gAtheta ase mhaTale Ahe kI, abhayakumAra hA caMDapradyotAcyA apaharaNAsAThI dona gaNikAMnA gheUna gelA. rAjadvArAta dukAna kharedI karUna ANi tyA bahiNI asalyAce bhAsavUna, to caMDapradyotAlA paLaviNyAcyA saMdhIcI vATa pAhU lAgalA. gaNiyAo donni ghettUNa sA gao nayarimujjeNiM / guDiyakayAvararUvo rAyaduvArammi AvaNaM ghettuM / pAraddho vavahariuM abhao aha annadivasammi / / (AkhyAnamaNikoza, abhayAkhyAna, gAthA 260-261, pR.16) yA katheta zevaTa ase raMgavile Ahe kI, abhayAne 'pradyota' rAjAlA, pradyota nAvAcyAca ekA nokarAcyA sahAyyAne paLavile. tyA nokarAne veDa lAgalyAce soMga kele hote. heca kathAbIja arthazAstrAcyA 12 vyA adhyAyAta namUda kele Ahe. gaNikAMviSayIcI adhika carcA yAca prakaraNAta puDhe kelI Ahe. (4) dyUta ANi jugArAsaMbaMdhIcI niyamAvalI, arthazAstrAcyA 22 vyA, 77 vyA ANi 87 vyA adhyAyAta namUda kelI Ahe. 22 vyA adhyAyAcA viSaya Ahe, 'navIna gAva kase vasavAve ?' tyAta sAMgitale Ahe kI, tethe jugArAvara pUrNa baMdI 218

Page #228
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna asAvI. 77 vA adhyAya pUrNapaNe dyUta, jugAra ANi itara gunhe yAMcyAsaMbaMdhI lihilelA Ahe. tyAnusAra dyUtagRhe hI sarakArI akhatyArIta asAvIta. khAjagI jugArAcyA aDDayAMnA pUrNa manAI asAvI. 87 vyA adhyAyAta muddAma namUda kele Ahe kI, dyUtAsAThI banAvaTa phAse vAparU nayeta. yA gunhyAsAThI kaDaka zikSecI taratUda kelelI Ahe. 'kAkaNI' nAvAce phAseca phakta adhikRta asUna bAkI phAzyAMvara baMdI Ahe. arthArjanAsAThI dyUtAcA vApara karaNe, he kathAbIja jaina AkhyAyikAMmadhye, atizaya lokapriya Ahe. AvazyakacUrNIta te cANakyAcyA pAriNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa mhaNUna dile Ahe. haribhadrAne cANakyAcyA kUTapAzakAce varNana, manuSyatvAcyA durlabhatvAsAThI dile Ahe. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, jainAMnI cANakyAlAca banAvaTa phAse tayAra karAyalA lAvUna, tyAcyA hAtUnaca niyamabhaMga karavilA Ahe. kiMvA tyAMcyA manAta ase asela kI, cANakyAlA svata:lA hA aparAdha, kSamya mAnalA pAhije kAraNa tyAne rAjakoza bharaNyAsAThI hA upAya vAparalA, svata: saMpattI miLaviNyAsAThI nAhI. arthazAstrAcyA 80 vyA adhyAyAta rASTrAvarIla ATha akalpita saMkaTAMcA ullekha kelelA Ahe. tyAtIla zevaTace saMkaTa Ahe, 'yakSa-bhUta-pretAMcA upadrava'. yA upadravAvara toDagA kADhatAnA cANakya mhaNato, "ekA viziSTa pavitra divazI, eka sthaMDila ubhArAve. te caityavRkSAcyA khAlI asAve. suzobhita kelele eka chatra tyAvara lAvAve. hastapatAkAMnI te sajavAve. duSTa AtmyAMcA prabhAva nAhIsA karaNyAsAThI, tyAvara bokaDAcA baLI dyAvA. atharvavedAtIla abhicAramaMtrAta 219

Page #229
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna pravINa asalelyA brAhmaNAkaDUna tyA sthaMDilAvara he sarva vidhI karUna ghyAveta." ArSa-prAkRtAtIla Adya kathAgraMtha jo 'vasudevahiMDI', tyAtIla ekA katheta, arthazAstrAtIla he varIla varNana javaLa-javaLa jasecyA tase, prAkRtabhASeta anuvRtta kelele disate. arthAt hA jaina kathAgraMtha asalyAne, tyA goSTIcyA zevaTI ase raMgavile Ahe kI, jyAne yA bokaDAcyA baLIcI prathA pADalI, tyA brAhmaNAcI mule jaina sAdhUMcyA upadezAne ahiMsaka banatAta. arthazAstrAtIla tapazIla vAparUna, aneka prAkRta kathAMmadhUna jainadharmAtIla ahiMsAtattvAcA vizeSatvAne puraskAra kelelA disato. (6) 44 vyA adhyAyAta, sUta tayAra karaNyAcyA udyogAvara lakSa ThevaNAr2yA rAjAcyA adhikAr2yAce varNana yete. cANakya ase mhaNato kI, 'jyAMce patI parAgaMdA jhAlele Aheta, azA striyA taseca vikalAMga, vRddha ANi avivAhita kumArikA taseca jyA dusarI sevAkArye karaNyAsa samartha nAhIta, taseca jyAMnA svata: kAma karUnaca udaranirvAha karAvA lAgato, azA striyAMnA sarakArI adhikAr2yAne sUta kAtaNyAce kAma, gharI jAUna dyAve. yA kAmAsAThI striyAMcI nemaNUka karAvI. tyAMnI azA striyAMkaDUna, kADhUna ghetalele sUta, sarakArI kArakhAnyAta neUna jamA karAve.' sUtrakRtAMgacUrNIta ArdrakakumArAcI eka pAraMparika kathA yete. kiMbahunA sUtrakRtAMgAta 'ArdrakIya' nAvAce eka adhyayanaca Ahe. cUrNIkArAne tI kathA vizada kelI Ahe. gurUMnI dIkSA deNyAsa nakAra dilyAmuLe, baLajabarIne gRhasthAzrama svIkAralelyA ArdrakAcI patnI, gharI sUta kAtIta basalelI asate. ticA choTA mulagA vicArato, 'AI ! mAjhe bAbA jivaMta asatAnA, tU he kAma kA karatesa ?' tI mhaNate, 'bAbA re ! tujhe pitA lavakaraca malA soDUna jANAra Aheta. poTa 220

Page #230
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna bharaNyAsAThI, malA udyoga karAvAca lAgaNAra Ahe. gharI sUta kAtaNyAcA sarAva, mI tyAcI pUrvatayArI mhaNUna AdhIca karIta Ahe.' tevaDhyAta pityAce Agamana hote. AIne kAtalelyA sutAcA guMDA gheUna, mulagA pityAjavaLa jAto. tyAMcyAbhovatI sutAce bArA veDhe deto. pityAlA vinaMtI karato kI, 'ajUna bArA varSe thAMbA. maga mI kamAvatA hoIna. AIlA sUta kAtAve lAgaNAra nAhI.' pitA mulAcA hA bAlahaTTa puravito. yA kathece udAharaNa azAsAThI dile kI, jaina lekhakAMnI katheta viNalele arthazAstrIya dhAge, tyAta spaSTa disUna yetAta. zivAya jAtA-jAtA samakAlIna sAmAjika paristhitI ANi striyAMce sthAna, yAvarahI atizaya ciMtanazIla TippaNI te noMdavUna jAtAta. (7) arthazAstrAcyA 87 vyA adhyAyAta gunhe ANi tatsaMbaMdhI zikSAMce vivecana yete. hAta-pAya toDaNe, itara zarIra - avayava toDaNe i. zikSAMcA tyAta vicAra kelA Ahe. adhyAyAcyA zevaTI mhaTale Ahe kI, "nyAyAdhIzAne gunhegArAMnA zikSA detAnA taratamabhAva ThevalA pAhije. gunhe tIna prakArace asatAta - atizaya krUra, madhyama ANi kirakoLa. nyAyAdhIzAne sarasakaTa zikSA na ThoThAvatA gunhyAce kAraNa, uddiSTa, veLa, jAgA, sAmAjika sthAna ANi rAjadarabAracI pratiSThA he sarva dhyAnAta gheUna, tyAnusAra zikSA karAvI. " 'vijayakastUrasUri' yA Adhunika jaina munIMnI 'prAkRta-vijJAna-kathA' nAvAcA prAkRta kathAsaMgraha prakAzita kelA Ahe. tyAtIla 'jAriso mANavo tArisI sikkhA' yA katheta ase citrita kele Ahe kI, gunhA ekaca asUnahI 221

Page #231
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna nyAyAdhIzAne vivekabuddhI bALagUna tyAMnA vegavegaLyA zikSA dilyA. itarahI aneka jaina kathAMtUna, arthazAstrAcyA yA 87 vyA adhyAyAtIla Azaya DoLyAsamora ThevUna, kathAMcI mAMDaNI kelelI disate. jaina tattvajJAnAta vAraMvAra adhorekhita kelele, 'dravya-kSetra - kAla- bhAva' he prArUpahI, azA prakAracyA goSTI raMgaviNyAta upayukta Tharalele disate. (8) arthazAstrAcyA 92 vyA adhyAyAta rAjakoza bharaNyAsaMbaMdhIcyA aneka upAyAMce saMkalana kelele disate. hA adhyAya jaina sahityikAMcA atizaya AvaDatA adhyAya asAvA. kAraNa kozasaMgraha yA adhyAyAtUna sphUrtI gheUna, AvazyakacUrNIpAsUna pariziSTaparvAparyaMtacyA anekavidha lekhakAMnI, he kathAbIja vAparUna cANakyakathAMcI nirmitI kelelI disate. pUrvI varNana kelyApramANe 'dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa' yA graMthAtIla kozasaMgrahAcI kathA, lekhakAne atizaya AkarSaka svarUpAta citrita kelelI disate. prastuta adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, "Arthika TaMcAIcyA kALAta rAjAne zrImaMta nAgarikAMnA dAnAsAThI AvAhana karAve. pAkhaMDI loka, zrotriyAMkherIja itarAMce devadravya, zrImaMta vidhavA, jahAjAne paradezI pravAsa karaNAre vyApArI sarvAMce dravya viziSTa paristhitIta rAjA hirAvUna gheU zakato. ekhAdyA rAjapuruSAne azA paristhitIta, koNatyAhI bhalyAbur2yA mArgAcA avalaMba karUna, zrImaMtAMnA Apale dravya jAhIra karaNyAsa bhAga pADAve. tyAtIla nyAyya rakkama rAjakozAta bharaNe anivArya karAve. mAtra yA mArgAcA avalaMba ekadAca karAvA. vAraMvAra karU naye." (arthazAstra adhyAya 92) AvazyakacUrNIcyA 281 vyA pRSThAvara 'parapASaMDaprazaMsA' nAvAcI 222 ---- yA

Page #232
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna eka kathA yete. tyAta asA ullekha Ahe kI, cANakyAne viziSTa prasaMgI, pAkhaMDI lokAMcyA upajIvikA-vRttIce haraNa kele. cUrNIkArAne he namUda karatAnA, jaNU kAhI te arthazAstrAtUnaca zabdasAmyAsakaTa uddhRta kelele disate. arthazAstrAcyA 18 vyA adhyAyAtahI parapASaMDAMviSayI, asAca dRSTikoNa pratibiMbita jhAlelA disato. jaina zrAvaka he prAmukhyAne vaizyavargIya asalyAmuLe, hI kathA bahudhA tyAMnA atizaya rocaka vATata asAvI. cANakyAcyA caritrAta jaina sAhityikAMnI koza bharaNyAcA vRttAMta AvarjUna ghAtalA Ahe. arthazAstrAcyA 94 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, "prajjvalita jhAlelA agnI, ekaveLa zarIra athavA zarIrAcA eka bhAga, jALUna TAkU zakato paraMtu krodhita jhAlelA rAjA tyA vyaktIlA, tyAcyA kuTuMbAsakaTa athavA gAvAsakaTa, bhasmasAt karU zakato." yApUrvIcyA prakaraNAta dilelyA kathAbhAgAta, nizItha-bhASyAtIla 'grAmadAhAcI' kathA, vistArAne dilI Ahe. tyAta ase raMgavile Ahe kI, viziSTa kAraNAne cANakya eka saMpUrNa gAva peTavUna deto. AzcaryAcI goSTaazI kI, bhASyakArAne cANakyAcyA krUratevara yethe koThehI TippaNI kelelI nAhI. taseca AvazyakacUrNI ANi pariziSTaparvAtIla naladAmAcyA kathevarahI, arthazAstrAcyA varIla adhyAyAcI chAyA disate. cANakyAcyA kaDaka anuzAsanAcI thoravIhI gAyilelI disate. (10) arthazAstrAcyA 84 vyA adhyAyAta, Akasmika mRtyU jhAlelyA vyaktIcI, parIkSA gheNyAce nikaSa noMdavilele Aheta. tyAcyA pAThopATha gunhegAra vyaktIMcyA mRtyukAryAsaMbaMdhIcI carcA yete. kauTilya mhaNato, "ekhAdyA vyaktIne, maga tI strI 223

Page #233
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna aso vA puruSa, jara kA AtmahatyA kelI ANi tyAveLI jara to krodhAcyA, sUDAcyA ANi itara pApabhAvanAMnI prerita asela, zivAya jara ekhAdyAne itarAMnA sUDabhAvanene prerita kele asela tara, azA vyaktIcyA mRtyUcyA uparAMta, tyAcyA pAyAlA eka dorakhaMDa bAMdhAvA. ekhAdyA nIcajAtIya vyaktIne, to dora hAtAlA dharUna tyA pretAlA rAjarastyAMvarUna pharaphaTata nyAve. azA duSTa vyaktIcyA nAtevAIkAMnA, tyAce dhArmika zrAddhavidhI karaNyAsa manAI karAvI. yA rAjAjJece jo pAlana karaNAra nAhI, tyAlA varIla prakAracIca zikSA dyAvI." ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla bhagavatIsUtra nAvAcyA graMthAmadhIla 15 vyA zatakAta (prakaraNAta) 'gozAlaka' nAvAcyA vyaktIcyA duHkhada aMtAce, mRtyUce ANi pretavidhIce vistArAne varNana ADhaLate. gozAlaka hA mahAvIrAMnA samakAlIna asalelyA 'AjIvika' saMpradAyAcA netA asUna, tyAne aneka varSe mahAvIrAMbarobara kaDaka tapasyA kelelI asate. mAtra AyuSyAcyA akherIsa, to mahAvIrAMcA kaTTara pratispardhI banato. tapazcaryene prApta kelelyA 'tejolezyA' nAvAcyA zaktIcA, atyaMta duSTatene to mahAvIrAMvara prayoga karato. tI tejolezyA ulaTate. tyAlAca prANaghAtaka Tharate. mRtyU javaLa AlelA baghUna, to ApalyA nikaTavartIyAMnA javaLa bolAvato. ApalyA dehasaMskArAviSayI sarvAMnA sAMgato kI - no khalu ahaM jiNe jiNappalAvI --- samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre jiNe jiNappalAvI --- taM tubbhaM NaM devANuppiyA mamaM kAlagayaM jANittA vAme pAe suMbeNaM baMdheha, baMdhettA tikkhutto muhe uTThabheha --- sAvatthIe nagarIe --- mahApaha-pahesu AkaTTa-vikaTTi kareha / --- mahayA aNiDDIasakkAra-samudaeNaM mamaM sarIragassa nIharaNaM karejjAha, evaM vadittA kaalge| (bhagavatI, zataka 15, sUtra 141) 224

Page #234
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna gozAlakAcyA azA Adararahita varNanAta, jaina sAhityikAMcA sAMpradAyika Akasa jarI spaSTa hota asalA, tarI evaDhe mAtra nakkI Ahe kI, arthazAstrAcyA 84 vyA adhyAyAtIla varNanAce pratidhvanI mAtra, yA varNanAta nakkIca umaTalele Aheta. (11) jJAtAdharmakathA' yA 6 vyA ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMthAta, kAhI kathA Aheta tara kAhI dRSTAMta Aheta. jJAtAdharmakathecyA pahilyA zrutaskaMdhAcyA 14 vyA adhyayanAta, 'tetaliputra amAtya' nAvAcyA vyaktIcI kathA raMgavilI Ahe. ApaNa tI kathA jara atizaya bArakAIne vAcalI, tara ApalyAlA ase disate kI, amAtya cANakyAcyA jIvanakathecI jaNU kAhI chAyAca, yA saMpUrNa adhyayanAvara paDalelI Ahe. eka duSTa rAjA-ApalyAca rAjaputrAMnA vyaMga nirmANa karaNe- rANIcyA sAMgaNyAvarUna amAtyAne ekA rAjaputrAce rakSaNa karaNe - pityAcyA mRtyUnaMtara tyAcA rAjyAbhiSeka karaNe - kAhI varSe doghAMce ekamatAne anuzAsana - rAjAce amAtyAviSayI mana:parivartana- amAtyAce niputrika asaNe ANi amAtyAce svecchApUrvaka maraNa - he sarva varNana arthAtaca ApalyAlA, Avazyaka ANi nizIthacUrNIta raMgavilelyA, amAtya cANakyAcyA vRttAMtAce smaraNa karUna dete. dusarI lakSaNIya goSTa azI kI, 'RSibhASita' nAvAcyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta 10 vyA adhyayanAta, tetaliputra amAtyAcI varIla kathA, atizaya saMkSepAne dilI Ahe. vizeSa goSTa azI kI, tethe tyAlA 'nItizAstravizArada' ase AvarjUna saMbodhale Ahe. tyAvarUnahI cANakya-caritrAzI tyAce asalele sAmya adhorekhita hote. (12) arthazAstrAcyA 14 vyA adhyAyAta, cAra upaprakaraNe Aheta. tyAMce nAva 225

Page #235
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 'aupaniSadika' ase Ahe. yAmadhye aneka prakArace maMtra, taMtra, abhicAra, kALI jAdU, ghAtaka prayoga ANi ghAtaka vanaspatIMcA upayoga yAMce varNana yete. yA adhikaraNAcyA AraMbhIca namUda kele Ahe kI, 'cAturvarNyAcyA pAlanAsAThI ANi gunhegArAMnA zAsana deNyAsAThI, veLaprasaMgI azA prakAracyA jAraNa-mAraNa vidhIMcA, vApara karAvA.' AcArya vaTTakerakRta mUlAcArAcyA TIketa, jaNU kAhI yA 14 vyA adhikaraNAvarIla niSedhAtmaka vivecana, TIkAkArAne prastuta kele Ahe. nizIthacUrNItIla aMjanasiddhIcI kathA, yApUrvIca noMdavilI Ahe. subaMdhUcyA maraNAsAThI cANakyAne, viSArI sugaMdhAne lipta azA bhUrjapatrAMcA vApara, atyaMta mAyAvIpaNe karUna ThevalA - yAcI kathAhI nizIthacUrNIne noMdavilI Ahe. ekaMdarIta ase disate kI, zvetAMbarAMnI cANakyAcyA yA mAyAcArAcI niMdA kelelI nAhI paraMtu digaMbara AcAryAMnA he mAyAcAra phArase pasaMta disata nAhIta. sArAMzAne ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, cANakyakathAMkaDe arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna pAhile asatA ase disate kI, arthazAstrAta namUda kelelyA aneka goSTI, jaina sAhityikAMnI kathAbIje mhaNUna atyaMta samarthapaNe vAparalyA Aheta. paraMtu tyA kathAMcI prAmANikatA ANi aitihAsikatA, nikhAlasapaNe svIkAraNe atyaMta kaThINa Ahe. yAce mukhya kAraNa ase kI, arthazAstrAtUna svIkAralelI mithake kathArUpAne lihitAnA, he sarva khudda cANakyAcyAca bAbatIta ghaDale Ahe', azI mAMDaNI jaina sAhityikAMnI kelelI disate. kauTilIya arthazAstra hA saMpUrNa graMthaca muLI, cANakyAcyA anubhavAdhAra paripakva buddhIcA AviSkAra asalyAmuLe jainAMnI sagaLyAca cANakya-kathAMnA, pAriNAmikI buddhIce udAharaNa 226

Page #236
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna mhaNUna raMgavile Ahe. eka taTastha vAcaka mhaNUna ApaNa ase mhaNU zakato kI, yA sarva kathA mhaNaje daMtakathA-AkhyAyikA ANi kalpanAramya pratibhAvilAsAce Anokhe saMmizraNa Ahe. suTyAsuTyA jaina AkhyAyikA ekatra karUna, jainAMnI raMgavilele cANakyacaritra, kAlakramAcyA dRSTIne susaMgata ANi tArkika dRSTyA saMbhavanIya vATata asale tarI, te saMpUrNapaNe aitihAsikaca asela, ase mAtra mhaNatA yeta nAhI. (ba) ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMtha ANi arthazAstra yAtIla sAmAjika-sAMskRtika sAmyasthaLe zvetAMbara ardhamAgadhI AgamAMcI maukhika paraMparA, isavIsanapUrva sahAvyA zatakAta surU jhAlI. akarA aMgagraMtha he AgamAMcyA vAcanAMnaMtara, isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta, likhita svarUpAta saMkalita karaNyAta Ale. veLoveLI jhAlele prakSepa gRhIta dharale tarI, sAmAnyata: ase mhaNatA yete kI, yA akarA graMthAMmadhIla sAmAjika ANi sAMskRtika paristhitI, Aja upalabdha asalelyA kauTilIya arthazAstrAta nirdiSTa paristhitIzI, miLatIjuLatI azIca Ahe. tyAtIla pratyeka sAmyasthaLAvara, jara bhASya karAvayAce mhaTale tara, eka moThA prabaMdhagraMtha sahaja tayAra hoIla. prastuta prakaraNAta tyAcI thoDIzI jhalaka deNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. arthazAstrAtIla aneka pAribhASika pade ANi padAvalI, ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla padAvalIMzI kAhI veLA bhASika dRSTIne, tara kAhI veLA saMkalpanAtmaka dRSTIne sAmya rAkhatAta. he sAmAjika-sAMskRtika saMdarbha deNyAsAThI atizaya sopI paddhatI vAparalI Ahe. khUpa mahattvAce zabda AdhI noMdavile Aheta. tyAmAnAne kamI mahattvAce asalele saMdarbha naMtara ekatritapaNe namUda kele Aheta. hI sAmyasthaLe puDhIlaprakAre detA yetIla - 227

Page #237
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna (1) mukhya ANi saMmizra jAtIMce ullekha brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya-zUdra hI pAraMparika vibhAgaNI, arthAtaca arthazAstra ANi AgamagraMthAta vAraMvAra uddhRta kelelI disate. lakSaNIya bAba azI kI, aneka upajAtI ANi AMtarajAtIya vivAhAmuLe jhAlelyA saMmizra jAtI, yAMce saMdarbha dohotahI, ThikaThikANI baghAvayAsa miLatAta. vizeSa mhaNaje tyAMcyAkaDe garhaNIya dRSTIne pAhilele nAhI. arthazAstrAcyA 63 vyA adhyAyAta, anuloma-pratiloma vivAhAne udbhavalelyA vividha jAtI noMdavilyA Aheta. tyA azA - aMbaSTha, niSAda (pArAzava), ugra, vrAtya, kSatya, Ayogava, cAMDAla, mAgadhava, pukkasa, vaidehaka, sUta, kUTaka, vaiNa, kuzIlava, zvapAka ANi aMtarAla. yAtIla aneka upajAtI, pramukha ardhamAgadhI graMthAta pAhAvayAsa miLatAta. koNatyA varNAcA puruSa ANi koNatyA varNAcI strI, yApAsUna hI prajA utpanna jhAlI Ahe, yAce vivecana TIkAkArAMcI madata ghetalyAsa ApalyAlA miLU zakate. a) aMbaTTha (aMbaSTha) : sUtrakRtAMga 1.9 ba) NisAya (niSAda) : dezInAmamAlA 4.35 ka) ugga (ugra) : jJAtAdharmakathA 1.108, pR.105 (byAvara); dhavalA 13, pR.387-389 Da) khatta (kSatta) : supAsanAhacariya 197 i) caMDAla (cANDAla) : sUtrakRtAMga 1.8 ; uttarAdhyayana 1.10 ; 3.4 pha) bokkasa (pukkasa) : uttarAdhyayana 3.4 ga) vaieha, vedeha (vaidehaka) : sthAnAMga TIkA, pR.358 ha) sovAga (zvapAka) : uttarAdhyayana 12.1 ; 12.37 (2) aMta:purAtIla nokaravarga 228

Page #238
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna rAjAMcyA ANi ibhya, zreSThI, sArthavAha i. dhanikAMcyA aMta:purAta, niyukta kelelyA strI-puruSa nokarAMcI yAdI, ardhamAgadhI graMthAMta vAraMvAra uddhRta kelelI disate. bAlakAMce saMgopana karaNyAsAThI, vividha prakAracI kauzalye asalelyA, aneka striyAMcI nemaNUka kelI jAta ase. jJAtAdharmakathetIla yAdI prAtinidhika samajUna, puDhIlapramANe detA yeIla. tae NaM se mehe kumAre --- bahUhiM khujjAhiM cilAiyAhiM vAmaNi-vaDabhi-babbari-bausijoNiya-pallaviya-IsiNiya-dhorugiNi-lAsiya-lausiya-damili-siMhali-Arabi-puliMdipakkaNi-bahali-muruMDi-sabari-pArasIhiM ---ceDiyAcakkavAla-varisadhara-kaMcuijjamahayaragavaMda-parikkhitte---suhaMsuheNaM vaDai / (jJAtAdharmakathA 1.1.96 (pR.92) (byAvara) arthazAstrAcyA 12 vyA adhyAyAta, rAjAcyA aMta:purAta nemalyA jANAr2yA nokarAMcI va herAMcI yAdI, donadA uddhRta kelI Ahe. arthAt yAvarUna heca siddha hote kI, yAprakArace strI-puruSa aMta:purAta kAma karata asata ANi pararAjyAtIla aMta:purAmadhIla ghaDAmoDIMcA chaDA lAvAyacA asela tara, yAcaprakArace loka heragirI karaNyAsAThI pAThavile jAta asata. kauTilya mhaNatorasadAH (cArAH) kubja-vAmana-kirAta-mUka-badhirajaDAndhachadmAno --- striyazcAbhyantaraM cAraM vidyuH / --- antargRhacarAsteSAM kubja-vAmana-SaNDakAH / zilpavatyaH striyo mUkAzcitrAzca mleJchajAtayaH / arthazAstrAcyA 12 vyA adhyAyAta azI vizeSa mAhitI miLate kI, varIla prakAracyA strI-puruSAMce soMga, veSAMtarAne dhAraNa karaNAre kuzala hera, tyA kALI astitvAta 229

Page #239
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna hote. arthazAstrAcyA 21 vyA adhyAyAta, rAjyAcyA vaiyaktika surakSesAThI, strI-puruSa nokarAMcI nemaNUka, kazA prakAre kelI jAta ase, yAce ullekha yetAta. tyAtIla dhanurdhArI striyAMcA ANi kubja- vAmana - kirAtAMcA ullekha vizeSa lakSaNIya Ahe. arthazAstrAcyA 12 vyA, 70 vyA ANi 146 vyA adhyAyAta, 'mleJchajAtayaH' asA ullekha vAraMvAra yeto. tethe mleJchajAtIta samAviSTa hoNAr2yA, lokAMcI yAdI dilelI nAhI. 'praznavyAkaraNa' nAvAcyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta, koNakoNate loka mleJchajAtIta samAviSTa hotAta, tyAce varNana kelele Ahe. tethe mhaTale Ahe kI ime ya bahave milakkhujAI, ke te saga - javaNa - sabara - babbara - - - puliMda - DoMba - - - cINalAsiya-khasa-khAsiya - - - hUNa - romaga-2 - ruru - maruyA cilAyavisayavAsI ya pAvamaiNo / (3) sAmAjika utsava arthazAstrAta sAmAjika utsavAMce ekatrita varNana ADhaLata nAhI. 80 vyA adhyAyAta ATha Akasmika saMkaTAMcyA pratikArAsAThI karAvayAcyA, pUjA - ha - homa-balisvastivAcana i. upAyAMce varNana yete. azA pUjAMnA sAmAjika devakArya mhaTale Ahe. RtumAnApramANe nisargAtIla tyA tyA goSTIMcI pUjA kelI pAhije, ase cANakya mhaNato. tyAMcI yAdI puDhIlapramANe nadI, iMdra, gaMgA, parvata, varuNa, samudra, draha, nAga ANi caityavRkSa. arthazAstrAcyA tulaneta ardhamAgadhI graMthAMmadhye, saNa-vAra-utsava-yAtrA-jatrA i.ce ullekha, adhika sajIvapaNe citrita kele Aheta. jJAtAdharmakatheta mhaTale Ahe kI - 230 -- ajja rAyagihe nayare iMdamahe i vA khaMdamahe i vA evaM rudda - siva- vesamaNa - nAga-jakkha-bhUyanaI- I-talAya - rukkha-ceiya- i vA ujjANa - girijattA i vA ?

Page #240
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna (jJAtAdharmakathA 1.1.96) varIla paricchedAta 'maha' mhaNaje vividha sAmAjika utsava-mahotsava' asUna, 'jattA' yA zabdAne Ama samAjAtIla 'jatrA' apekSita Ahe. AcArAMga ANi bhagavatIsUtrAtahI, javaLajavaLa yAca prakArace utsava ANi yAtrA noMdavilelyA disatAta. (AcArAMga 2.10.2.3; bhagavatI 9.33.158 (lADanau)) yA saNa-vAra-utsavAcyA prasaMgI, dohotIla sAmAjika cAlIrItIMce nirIkSaNa kele tara, tyAtIla samakAlInatA sahajaca lakSAta yete. (4) devadevatA brAhmaNa paraMparetIla daivatasRSTI ANi jaina paraMparetIla daivatasRSTI, yA dohoMvara najara TAkalI asatA hI goSTa lakSAta yete kI, jainAMcyA daivatasRSTIce varNana adhika kramabaddha , susaMgata ANi vistArAne raMgavile Ahe. tyA tulanene vaidika ANi paurANika daivatasRSTIta aneka prakAracI taphAvata disUna yete. arthazAstrAcyA 25 vyA adhyAyAta 'killA kasA vasavAvA ?' yAviSayIce varNana ADhaLate. tyAmadhye killyAvarIla devaLAMcA, AvarjUna ullekha kelA Ahe. kauTilya mhaNato, "durgAcyA madhomadha aparAjitA (lakSmI), apratihata (viSNu), jayanta (kArtika) vaijayanta (iMdra), ziva, kubera, azvinIkumAra, madirA (cAmuMDA) i. cI devaLe bAMdhAvIta. tyA tyA maMdirAta viziSTa vAstudevatAMcI sthApanA karAvI. brahmA, iMdra, yama ANi kArtika yAMcyA pratimA devAlayAcyA dvArAzI sthApita karAvyAta. dahA dizAMnA, dahA dizAdevatAMcI sthApanA karAvI." prAcIna jainagraMthAMta kuberAlA vaizramaNa' ANi kArtikAlA skanda', ase mhaTalele disate. ardhamAgadhI graMthAMta vividha utsavAMcyA saMdarbhAta, indra-skanda-rudra-ziva-vaizramaNa 231

Page #241
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna ANi mukunda yA devatAMce ullekha yetAta. yA sarva devatA arthAtaca brAhmaNa paraMparetIla disatAta. tattvArthasUtrAsArakhyA jaina dArzanika graMthAta, jainadRSTIne devatAsRSTIcI mAMDaNI disate. devAMcyA zreSTha adhivAsAMnA 'vimAna' azI saMjJA Ahe. tyAMcI nAve vijaya vaijayanta-jayanta-aparAjitA-sarvArthasiddha, azI dilI Aheta (tattvArthasUtra 4.20). trilokaprajJapti nAvAcyA prAcIna jaina zaurasenI graMthAta (gAthA 3171), soma-yamavaruNa-kubera - yA caughAMnA cAra dizAMce lokapAla mhaTale Ahe. 'jaineMdra-siddhAMtakozAta' dikkumAra, dikkumArI ANi dikpAla devAMce varNana yete. jijJAsUMnI he varNana tethUna pahAve. pratiSThAsAroddhAra nAvAcyA vidhividhAnAtmaka jainagraMthAta jayA-vijayAajitA-aparAjitA, yA cAra strI-devatAMce vizeSa varNana yete. devatAMcyA nAvAMvarUnahI arthazAstra ANi ardhamAgadhI graMthAMcI samakAlInatA, sahajaca dhyAnAta yete. (5) eka sAmAjika cAla 'arcA' AjamitIlA arcA' hA zabda marAThIta, svataMtrapaNe vAparalA jAta nAhI. 'pUjAarcA' azA joDazabdAcyA rUpAneca to ADhaLato va pUjA zabdApekSA to phArasA vegaLA mAnalA jAta nAhI. prAcIna kALI 'arcA' yA zabdAlA eka vizeSa saMdarbha va artha hotA. to pUjepekSA nizcita vegaLA hotA. arthazAstrAcyA hivaragAvakarAMcyA prastAvanetIla, 22 vyA pRSThAvara te namUda karatAta kI, "kauTilyAcyA kALAta dhanaprAptI karaNyAsAThI, arcA karaNyAcA praghAta hotA. arcA yA vidhImadhye, pazubaLI dilA jAta ase. azoka hA ahiMsecA puraskartA asalyAmuLe, hA praghAta tyAcyA kALAta baMda jhAlA asAvA. caMdragupta ANi biMdusAra yAMcyA rAjavaTIta mAtra hI prathA asAvI. yAvarUna spaSTaca hote kI, kauTilIya arthazAstra he, azokAcyA AdhI lihile asAve." 232

Page #242
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna hivaragAvakarAMcA hA tarka, ApaNa tevhAca yathArtha mAnU zakato, jevhA tyAlA dusarA bhakkama purAvA miLela. ardhamAgadhI graMtha, hA purAvA deNyAsa kitItarI sakSama TharatAta. arcA yA zabdAcA prAkRta samAnoccAra zabda 'accA' hA Ahe. sUtrakRtAMga (1.13.17 ; 1.15.18 ; 2.2.6) ANi sthAnAMga TIkA pR. 19, yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta 'accA' hA zabda 'zarIra' yA arthAne AlA Ahe. AcArAMgAcyA hiMsA - viveka-padAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'se bemi - appege accAe vahaMti, appege ajiNAe vahaMti / ' ( AcArAMga 1.1.6, sUtra 140, lADanau). yAcA artha asA Ahe kI, 'kAhI mANase zarIrAsAThI prANivadha karatAta tara kAhI mANase kAtaDI miLaviNyAsAThI prANivadha karatAta.' varIla sarva saMdarbhAMmadhye 'accA' zabdAcA artha 'zarIra' asalyAmuLe, arcecyA praghAtAta pazubaLI Avazyaka mAnalA jAta asAvA va hA vidhI pUjenaMtara kelA jAta asAvA. arcesaMbaMdhIce he sarva jaina saMdarbha lakSAta ghetale taraca, arthazAstrAtIla arcAvidhIcA nITa susaMgata artha lAvatA yeto. (6) 'kulaiDaka' zabdAcA vizeSa artha AcArAMgAmuLe jasA varacyA zabdAcA vizeSa artha TharaviNyAsa madata hote, tyApramANe ardhamAgadhI mUlasUtra asalelyA uttarAdhyayanAcI madata, 'kulaiDaka' zabdAcA nizcita artha TharaviNyAsAThI hoto. kauTilIya arthazAstrAce abhyAsaka asalelyA ja.sa.karaMdIkarAMnI, hivaragAvakarAMcyA prastAvanenaMtara, arthazAstrAtIla vizeSa vivAdya zabdAMvara AdhArita ase pariziSTa joDale Ahe. 'kulaiDaka' hA zabda arthazAstrAcyA 137 ANi 141 vyA adhyAyAta yeto. tyAbAbata zyAmazAstrI ANi gaNapatizAstrI mhaNatAta, 'yA zabdAcA artha kaLapAtUna cukalelA eDakA ( bakarA ) asA ghyAvA.' karaMdIkarAMnI yA arthAlA virodha kelA Ahe kAraNa to arthazAstrAtIla prastuta saMdarbhAMzI juLata nAhI. karaMdIkarAMcyA 233

Page #243
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna mate, jyAlA gharAta khAUpiU ghAlUna posalA Ahe ANi yogya veLI baLI deNyAsAThI upayogAta ANalA jANAra Ahe, azA eDakyAsa kiMvA bakar2yAsa 'kulaiDaka' mhaNatAta'. uttarAdhyayanAcyA 'elaijja' (urabbhijja) adhyayanAcyA saMdarbhAta, karaMdIkarAMcA vara sucavilelA artha, adhika samarpaka siddha hoto. jahAesaM samuddissa , koi posejja elayaM / oyaNaM javasaM dejjA , posejjA vi sayaMgaNe / / tao se puDhe parivUDhe , jAyamee mahodare / pINie viule dehe , AesaM parikaMkhae / (uttarAdhyayana 7.1,2) javasa, odana i. uttama khAdya deUna, gharAta paripuSTa kelelyA eDakyAce varNana, yethe karaNyAta Ale Ahe. asehI mhaTale Ahe kI yogya asA pAhuNA yeNyAcA kAya to avakAza, to eDakA lagecaca tyAMcyA mejavAnIsAThI vAparalA jANAra Ahe. arthazAstrAtIla vizeSa zabdAMce spaSTIkaraNa, jainAMcyA ardhamAgadhI sAhityAta miLaNe, hI bAba kharokharaca lakSaNIya mAnalI pAhije. (7) saptAGga rAjya ANi caturvidha nIti ___yA donhI saMkalpanA kauTilya arthazAstrAcA gAbhA Ahe. ApaNa azI apekSA karato kI, yA saMkalpanA prAcIna jaina sAhityAta, aneka veLA sahajatene ADhaLUna yetIla. paraMtu AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, tulanene uttaravartI samajalyA gelelyA jJAtAdharmakathA yA aMgagraMthAta, tyA ADhaLUna yetAta. arthazAstrAta rAjyAcyA sAta aMgAMnA 'prakRti' ase mhaTale Ahe - 234

Page #244
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna svAmyamAtyajanapadadurgakozadaNDamitrANi prakRtayaH / (arthazAstra, adhyAya 97). sAma, dAna (upapradAna) daMDa ANi bheda he cAra rAjanItItale upAya Aheta. zatrurAjyAMnA ANi mitrarAjyAMnA hAtALatAnA, yA cAra nItIMcA yathAyogya vApara kasA karAvA, yAce spaSTIkaraNa arthazAstrAcyA 13, 14 ANi 31 vyA adhyAyAta dile Ahe. jJAtAdharmakatheta zreNikarAjAcA putra 'abhaya' hA, tyA rAjyAcA maMtrI dekhIla hotA. tyAce varNana karatAnA mhaTale Ahe kI - (abhae NAmaM kumAre) sAmadaMDabheyauvappayANaNIi -- atthasatthamaivisArae --- seNiyassa raNNo rajjaM ca raTuM ca kosaM ca koTThAgAraM ca balaM ca vAhaNaM ca puraM ca aMteuraM ca sayameva samupekkhamANe viharai / (jJAtAdharmakathA 1.1.15, pR.22, byAvara) hAca pariccheda javaLajavaLa jasAcyA tasA, jJAtAdharmakathecyA 14 vyA adhyAyAta, punarAvRtta kelelA disato. tethe he varNana tetaliputra amAtyAcyA saMdarbhAta yete. ApaNa he yApUrvIca pAhile Ahe kI, tetaliputra amAtyAcyA vyaktimatvAvara, amAtya cANakyAcI chAyA spaSTa jANavate. saptAGga rAjyAce ullekha ardhamAgadhI sAhityAta, agadI kvacit ADhaLaNyAce saMbhAvya kAraNa ase detA yeIla kI, bha. mahAvIra ANi buddhAMcyA veLacyA bhAratAta, magadha ANi tyAcyA AsapAsacyA pradezAta, 'gaNarAjya' paddhatI astitvAta hotI, ase samakAlIna aitihAsika ullekhAMvarUna disUna yete. kadAcit AgamAMcyA aMtima saMskaraNAparyaMta, rAjasattAka paddhatI adhika pracalita jhAlI asAvI. (8) amAtya cANakya amAtya, mantri, saciva ANi pradhAna hI birude arthazAstrAta phAra kATekorapaNe vAparalelI disata nAhIta. tyAMcI kArye, paddhatI ANi svarUpa nizcita kelele disUna yeta 235

Page #245
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna nAhI. eka mAtra khare kI, amAtyAce sthAna rAjAcyA lagecaca pAThopATha yete. arthazAstrAcyA 'amAtyotpatti' nAvAcyA AThavyA adhyAyAta, amAtyAMcI kArye vistArAne dilI Aheta. arthazAstrAcyA navavyA adhyAyAta, maMtrI ANi purohita yAMcI kArye vizada karIta asatAnA, kauTilyAne tyAMcA prAraMbha mAtra, amAtyAMcyA guNAMnI kelA Ahe. dahAvyA adhyAyAta amAtyAMcyA rAjaniSThecyA parIkSece, atizaya kaThINa nikaSa noMdavile Aheta. cANakyAne amAtyAMnA dilele he mahattva lakSAta gheUnaca, bahudhA jainAMnI 'amAtya cANakya', hI padAvalI svIkAralelI disate. aneka prAkRta AkhyAyikAMcA prAraMbhaca muLI, 'pADaliputte caMdagutto rAyA / amacco cANakko / ' azA prakAre jhAlelA disato. jaina sAhityAta cANakyAlA 'maMtrI' agara 'saciva', ase saMbodhaNyAce prasaMga phAraca kvacit disatAta. (9) bhaugolika pradeza ANi rAjye magadhAta lihilyA gelelyA sAhityAta, kauTilIya arthazAstrAce sthAna agragaNya Ahe. jainAMcA prAcIna itihAsa, magadha pradeza ANi ardhamAgadhI bhASezI saMbaMdhita Ahe. sAhajikaca vividha rAjakIya pradezAMcI nAve ANi rAjye yAbAbata, kauTilIya arthazAstra ANi ardhamAgadhI sAhityAta nikaTace sAmya ADhaLate. anuyogadvAra yA graMthAta 'skandha' yA saMkalpanecI dahA paryAyI nAve dilI Aheta. (anuyogadvAra sUtra 58, pR.55, byAvara). tyAtIla pahileca paryAyI nAva 'gaNa' ase Ahe. bhAratIya vidyAMce abhyAsaka ase mhaNatAta kI, gaNa hA zabda prAcIna bhAratAtIla gaNarAjyAMcA dyotaka asUna licchavI, vajjI, malla i. aneka gaNarAjye tyAveLI astitvAta 236

Page #246
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna hotI. ___arthazAstrAta vividha AkhyAyikA ANi daMtakathA noMdavitAnA, kauTilyAne pauNDra, kozala, magadha, avanti ANi vaGga yA pradezAMcA ullekha kelA Ahe. ujjayinIcA rAjA pradyota ANi tyAcA putra pAlaka, yAcA vizeSa ullekha 95 vyA adhyAyAta kelA Ahe. vaidehaka ANi mAgadha nAvAce hera, nizcitaca tyA tyA prAMtAzI nigaDita Aheta (arthazAstra, adhyAya 12). kauTilya mhaNato kI, 'magadha, pauNDra, kAzI, vatsa ANi mAlava he pradeza kApasAcyA dhAgyAMsAThI vizeSa prasiddha Aheta. taseca kaliGga, aGga, saurASTra, dazArNa ANi pAJcanada (paMjAba) he pradeza hattIMsAThI prasiddha Aheta (arthazAstra, adhyAya 13)'. arthazAstrAta vara ullekhalele sarva pradeza jainAMcyA ardhamAgadhI ANi prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI graMthAMmadhye akSaraza: zekaDo veLA ADhaLUna yetAta. kiMbahunA jainAMcyA sarva pAraMparika kathA, vara varNana kelelyA janapadAMcyA nAvAneca surU hotAta. (10) ANakhI kAhI vikhuralele sAMskRtika saMdarbha gaNikAMviSayIcI sarva mAhitI, arthazAstrAcyA 48 vyA adhyAyAta yete. gaNikA ANi rUpAjIvA (vezyA) yAMcyAtIla pharaka noMdavilelA Ahe. kauTilya mhaNato kI, gaNikene ApalyA ekA divasAcyA sevece mUlya, AdhIca nirdhArita karUna, jAhIra kele pAhije.' jJAtAdharmakatheta mhaTale Ahe kI, eka viziSTa gaNikA sahasralambhA (jice ekA divasAce mUlya 1000 suvarNanANI Aheta azI) hotI (jJAtAdharmakathA 1.3.46). aneka jaina mahArASTrI kathAMmadhye, gaNikA ANi vezyAMce sAmAjika sthAna, nakkI kelele disate. gunhegArI vizvAtIla tyAMcA sahabhAga AkhyAnamaNikoza, kumArapAlapratibodha ANi manoramAkathAsArakhyA jaina 237

Page #247
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna kathAgraMthAta anekadA citrita kelelA ADhaLato. arthazAstrAcA 40 vA adhyAya, 'pramANita vajane ANi mApe' yAMvara AdhArita Ahe. kauTilya ase sucavito kI, magadha pradezAta banalelI vajane ANi mApe, sarvAdhika pramANita mAnAvIta. anuyogadvAra graMthAta 'mAgadha prasthAcA' vizeSa ullekha yeto (anuyogadvAra 230, pR.423, byAvara). arthazAstrAcyA 46 vyA adhyAyAta, madyaviSayaka ullekha yetAta. madhu-maireya-surAsIdhu i. madya prakAra tethe noMdavile Aheta. jJAtAdharmakathetIla draupadI svayaMvarAcyA varNana prasaMgI, madyaprakArAMcI hI yAdI, jazIcyA tazI AlelI disate (jJAtAdharmakathA 1.16.118). arthazAstrAcyA 38 vyA adhyAyAta, vividha pazu ANi prANyAMcI yAdI dilI Ahe. mhaTale Ahe kI, tyAMcyApAsUna mANase kAtaDI, dAta, ziMge, kesa i. avayava prApta karatAta. prANyAMpAsUna miLaNAr2yA utpAdanAMcI hIca yAdI AcArAMgAta punarAvRtta karUna mhaTale Ahe kI, mANasAne azA hiMsepAsUna jANIvapUrvaka nivRtta vhAve (AcArAMga 1.1.140, lADanau). arthazAstrAcyA 36 vyA adhyAyAta, snehavarga, kSAravarga, lavaNavarga, phalAmlavarga, dravAmlavarga, kaTukavarga, zAkavarga i.cI mAhitI dilI Ahe. yAtIla bahutAMzI khAdyapeya padArtha AcArAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAtIla piNDaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayanAta ADhaLUna yetAta. kAhI veLA tara arthazAstrAtIla saMskRta nAvAMzI miLate-juLate ase prAkRta zabda, jainagraMthAta disUna yetAta.36 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, 'saindhavasAmudrabiDayavakSArasauvarcalodbhedajA lvnnvrgH|' dazavaikAlika 3.8.11 madhye, sAdhUMnA niSiddha asalelyA padArthAMcyA yAdIta, prAya: yAca lavaNavargAcA samAveza 238

Page #248
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna kelA Ahe. mhaTale Ahe kI - sovaccale siMdhave loNe , romAloNe ya Amae / sAmudde paMsukhAre ya , kAlAloNe ya Amae / / savvameyamaNAiNNaM , NiggaMthANa mahesiNaM / / arthazAstrAcyA 32 vyA adhyAyAce nAva Ahe, kozapravezyaratnaparIkSA'. yAmadhye rAjakozAta jamA karAvayAcyA aneka prakAracyA maulyavAna vastUMcI yAdI dilI Ahe. tyAta motI, dAgine, ratne, caMdana, sugaMdha, kAtaDI, lokara, rezIma ANi maulyavAna sutI kApaDAMcAhI ullekha yeto. bhAratAcyA gatavaibhavAce darzana ghaDaviNAr2yA, hyA maulyavAna vastUMcyA varNanAne bharalelA, khAsa graMtha mhaNUna 'nizIthacUrNIcA' vizeSa ullekha karAvA lAgela. khAsa karUna cAmaDe, caMdana, lokara ANi kaMbala yAMcyAviSayIce asaMkhya sUkSma bArakAve abhyAsakAlA cakita karUna soDatAta. he ullekha itake agaNita Aheta kI, vAcakAMnI yAbAbata DaoN. madhu sena yAMcA, 'a kalcarala sTaDI oNpha nizIthacUrNI', hA graMtha jarUra vAcAvA. arthazAstrAcyA 33 vyA adhyAyAcA viSaya Ahe, 'khANI-khanije-khanijadhAtUnANI ANi TAMkasALI'. hA sarva viSaya dhAtuzAstrAzI (meTaeNlarjI) nigaDita Ahe. rAjyAlA samRddha karaNArA hA viSaya, cANakyAne vistArAne mAMDalA Ahe. AvazyakacUrNIne yAcI khAsa noMda ghetalI Ahe. tethe mhaTale Ahe kI, caMdraguptAlA gheUna bAhera paDalyAvara, cANakyAne prathama khANIMcA zAdha ghetalA (so dhAtubilANi maggati / ). 33 vyA adhyAyAta, 'paNa, mASa ANi kAkaNI', yA tIna nANyAMcA vizeSa ullekha yeto. ardhamAgadhI graMthAMta 'paNa' nANyAMcA ullekha agadI kvacit asalA tarI, tyAcyAzI nigaDita ase tIna zabda vAraMvAra yetAta, te mhaNaje - 239

Page #249
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna ApaNa, ApaNavidhi ANi ApaNIya. mASa ANi kAkiNI he zabda prAkRta graMthAta vAraMvAra disatAta. uttarAdhyayanAta mhaTale Ahe kI - jahA kAgiNie heuM , sahassaM hArae naro / apatthaM aMbagaM bhoccA , rAyA rajjaM tu hArae / / (uttarAdhyayana 7.11) arthAt ekA kAkiNIcyA lobhAne, mANUsa jasA hajAroMce nukasAna karUna gheto, tase tyA rAjAne kupathyakAraka AMbyAce bhakSaNa karUna, (prANa gamAvale ANi) rAjyahI gamAvale. jasajasA lAbha vADhato tasatasA lobhahI vADhata jAto. 'dona mAse sone mAgUna gheIna' azA vicArAne suravAta kelelyA tyA brAhmaNaputrAcA lobha, koTIparyaMta jAUna pohocalA tarI saMpalA nAhI. uttarAdhyayanAcyA AThavyA adhyayanAta yAca arthAne mhaTale Ahe kI - jahA lAho tahA loho , lAhA loho pavaDDai / domAsakayaM kajjaM , koDIe vi na niTThiyaM / / (uttarAdhyayana 8.17) upadezapadAcyA 545 vyA gAtheta namUda kele Ahe kI, eka kAkiNI hI vIsa kavaDyAMcyA kiMmatIcI asate. kumArapAlapratibodhAta mhaTale Ahe kI caMdagutta-paputto ya , biMdusArassa nttuo| asogasiriNo putto , aMdho jAyai kAkiNiM / / (kumArapAlapratibodha, pR.170) arthAt caMdraguptAcA paNatU, biMdusArAcA nAtU ANi azokAcA putra aMdha asUna, kAkiNIcI yAcanA karata Ahe. yA kathAbhAgAta mhaTale Ahe kI, kAkiNI yA zabdAcA 240

Page #250
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna eka artha 'nANe' hA Ahe, tasAca ajUna eka artha 'rAjya' asAhI Ahe. samavAyAMgAcyA 14 vyA prakaraNAta, cakravartI rAjAMcyA caudA ratnAMcA ullekha Ahe. tyAmadhye 'kAkiNI' nAvAcyA maulyavAna hir2yAcAhI ullekha Ahe. uparokta ullekhAMmuLe dona goSTI sAdhya hotAta. kauTilIya arthazAstra ANi jaina sAhityAtIla sAMskRtika sAmyAce darzana tara hoteca paraMtu kauTilIya arthazAstrAta namUda kelelyA ANi hiMdU paraMpareta na ADhaLaNAr2yA aneka goSTIMcA khulAsA, jaina sAhityAcyA madatIne adhika arthapUrNatene hoto. (ka) jaina AcArasaMhitA ANi arthazAstrAtIla samAna pAribhASika zabda jaina AcArazAstrAce dona mukhya bhAga Aheta. te mhaNaje 'zrAvakAcAra' ANi 'sAdhuAcAra'. dohoMmadhye AcArAce viziSTa niyama ANi tyAMce aticAra, yAcI kALajIpUrvaka noMda kelelI Ahe. jyA kALAta jainAMce he AcArazAstra vRddhiMgata hota hote, tyA kALAta magadhAta cANakyapraNIta AcArasaMhitA lAgU hotI. zivAya jaina AcArya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsahI karU lAgale hote. rAjyAtIla pratyeka vyaktIsAThI cANakyAne ghAlUna dilelI niyamAvalI, arthAtaca jaina AcAryAMnI ApalyA dvividha AcArasaMhiteta samAviSTa karUna ghetalI. prastuta mudyAta namunyAdAkhala azA, sAmyadarzaka pAribhASika padAvalIMcA parAmarza ghetalA Ahe. adhika sUkSmateta ziralyAsa, hI sAmyasthaLe bar2yAca vistArAne dekhIla noMdavitA yetIla. yethe namUda kelelI ATha-naU udAharaNe kevaLa namunyAdAkhala Aheta. (1) zAsana arthazAstrAcyA 31 vyA adhyAyAta, rAjAcyA likhita AjJAMcA, vistArAne 241

Page #251
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna vicAra kelA Ahe. AraMbhIca mhaTale Ahe kI, azA likhita AjJAMnAca 'zAsana' ase mhaNatAta. rAjAne veLoveLI ase zAsanalekha kADhAve ANi prajAjanAMnI tyAMce acUka pAlana karAve, ase mhaTale Ahe. yA AjJApatrAMcyA aneka prakArAMcA ullekha, kauTilyAne kelA Ahe. zAsana ANi jinazAsana he zabda, ardhamAgadhI graMthAMmadhye anekadA pAhAvayAsa miLatAta. jinazAsanAce ANi tIrthaMkarazAsanAce pAlana, sAdhUMnI anivAryapaNe keleca pAhije, azI apekSA jainagraMthAta vyakta kelelI disate. sUtrakRtAMgAta mhaTale Ahe kI - evamege u pAsatthA , paNNaveMti aNAriyA / itthIvasaM gayA bAlA , jiNasAsaNaparaMmuhA / / ___ (sUtrakRtAMga 1.3.69) arthAt striyAMnA vaza jhAlelyA jinazAsanaparAGmukha azA, anArya pArzvasthAMcA yethe AvarjUna ullekha kelA Ahe. dazavaikAlikAta azI apekSA vyakta kelI Ahe kI, jinazAsanAta pAraMgata asalelyA munIne, krodha i. vikArAMcyA AdhIna hoU naye. (AsurattaM na gacchejjA soccANaM jiNasAsaNaM - dazavaikAlika 8.25). jinazAsana aikalelyAne, koNatyAhI viparIta paristhitIta zAMtacitta rahAve, azI apekSA uttarAdhyayana 2.6 madhye vyakta kelI Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAtaca saMjaya' nAmaka rAjAcA asA ullekha yeto kI, tyAne rAjyatyAga kelA ANi to jinazAsanAta praviSTa jhAlA (uttarAdhyayana 18.19). yAca aTharAvyA adhyayanAta jinazAsana zabda anekadA punarAvRtta jhAlA Ahe. jainadharmIyAMce eka pAraMparika ghoSavAkya Ahe, te mhaNaje - jainaM jayati shaasnm| (2) adhikaraNa 242

Page #252
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna kauTilIya arthazAstrAta, prakaraNAlA 'adhikaraNa' ase mhaNatAta. arthazAstrAta azI 15 adhikaraNe ANi 150 adhyAya Aheta. saMskRta koza kADhUna baghitale tara adhikaraNa yA zabdAce, sAta pramukha artha noMdavilele disatAta. paraMtu saMskRta sAhityAta, nyAyapraviSTa goSTIMbAbata ANi vyAkaraNAcyA saMdarbhAta, adhikaraNa zabda mukhyata: vAparalelA disato. tattvArthasUtrAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'adhikaraNaM jIvAjIvAH / tattvArtha 6.8'. I yAnusAra AsravAce adhikaraNa arthAt sAdhana TharaNAr2yA, dona goSTI yethe sAMgitalyA Aheta. jIvita vastU ANi ajIva vastU. naMtaracyA sAhityAta karmabaMdhakAraka azA 108 upAyAMcA nirdeza yeto. jainAMnI adhikaraNAMcA vicAra mukhyataH hiMsecyA sAdhanAMcyA saMdarbhAta kelA Ahe. mUlAcAra graMthAcyA TIkAkArAne, adhikaraNa zabdAce dona artha noMdavUna, azI TippaNI kelI kI, 'arthazAstrAtIla adhikaraNe ( prakaraNe) itakI mAyA ANi vaMcanene bharalI Aheta kI, tI kharokharaca hiMsAtmakatemuLe karmabaMdhAcI kAraNe TharatAta. ' (3) vyavahAra kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla hA eka, vAraMvAra vAparalA gelelA zabda Ahe. saMskRta kozAta 'vyavahAra' yA zabdAce ekUNa 11 artha noMdavilele Aheta. samAna arthachaTA lakSAta gheUna, tyAMce mukhyata: tIna gaTAta vibhAjana karatA yete. vyavahAra zabdAcA pahilA artha Ahe, 'sAmAnya kAmakAja'; dusarA artha 'vyApAra' ANi 'vANijyAzI' joDalelA Ahe ; tisarA artha 'nyAyapraviSTa goSTI' ANi 'nyAyAlayAtIla sAkSI purAve' i. zI saMbaMdhita Ahe. kauTilyAne vividha prasaMgI vegavegaLyA arthAMnI, hA zabda vAparalA asalA tarI, arthazAstrAcyA 58 vyA adhyAyAta to vizeSa mahattvAcA Ahe. tethe to sAkSa ANi 243

Page #253
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna purAve yA saMdarbhAta yeto. __ jaina sAhityAtahI vyavahAra zabda, varIla tInahI arthAne vAparaNyAta AlA asalA tarI, ekA viziSTa arthAmadhye, to ApalA vegaLepaNA dAkhavito. pahilyA bhadrabAhUMnI kauTilyAlA prAya: samakAlIna asalelyA kALAta, muniAcArAcI jI saMhitA zabdabaddha kelI, tyAsa 'chedasUtre' ase mhaNatAta. tyAtIla tIna sUtre atizaya suprasiddha Aheta. tI mhaNaje - kalpa, nizItha ANi vvayahAra. vyavahAra he bhikSu-bhikSuNIMcyA vartanAMce kAyade, maryAdA, maryAdAbhaMga ANi prAyazcitte noMdaviNAre zAstra Ahe. vyavahArabhASyAcyA viziSTa azA tIna gAthAMvara najara TAkalI asatA, ApalyA ase lakSAta yete kI, tyAtIla pahilI gAthA, cANakyAzI saMbaMdhita Ahe; dusarI gAthA cANakyAcyA kaDaka zAsanAcA nirdeza karate; tara tisar2yA gAtheta cANakyAcyA udAtta svecchAmaraNAcA ullekha Ahe (vyavahArasUtra 1.91 ; 1.132 ; 10.592). jaina AcArasaMhitecA kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI asalelA nikaTacA saMbaMdha, vyavahArabhASyAtIla yA gAthAMvarUna spaSTa disUna yeto. (4) pASaNDa (pAkhaNDa) pASaNDa ANi pASaNDin he dona zabda arthazAstrAcyA javaLa-javaLa dahA adhyAyAta vAraMvAra vAparalele disatAta. vaidika nasalelyA sarva saMpradAyAMnA ANi upasaMpradAyAMnA uddezUna, kauTilyAne he zabda vAparale Aheta. zAkya (bauddha) AjIvaka ANi jaina yA sarvAMnA to pASaNDI' mhaNato. pASaNDI gRhasthAMnA ANi sAdhUMnA dilelI vartaNUka, ekaMdara kaDakaca disate. tApasavargAvara, cANakya satata karaDI najara ThevUna Ahe. zrotriya (vaidika) brAhmaNAMbaddala, to thoDAsA mRdU Ahe tara avaidika tApasAMbAbata tyAce dhoraNa kaDaka Ahe. 244

Page #254
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna muNDI ANi jaTila donhI prakAracyA bhikSUnI, veSAMtara karUna, samAjAta phirUna vegavegaLyA khabarI rAjAlA pohacavAvyAta, azI kauTilyAcI apekSA Ahe. yAbAbata arthazAstrAtIta puDhIla vidhAne khUpaca bolakI Aheta. pASaNDI lokAMnI pararAjyAta dUta mhaNUna jAU naye. (adhyAya 16) garaja bhAsela tevhA pASaNDI lokAMcI, dharmakAryAsAThI jamavilelI rakkama, haraNa karUna tI rAjyAcyA kozAta bharAvI. (adhyAya 18) pASaMDAMcI ANi cAMDALAMcI vastI, gAvAbAheracyA smazAnApalikaDe asAvI. (adhyAya 25) pASaNDI lokAMcyA vastyAMcI vAraMvAra jhaDatI ghyAvI. (adhyAya 57) pASaNDI lokAMnI ANi AzramavAsIMnI, zAMtatene ekatra rahAve. upadrava dilyAsa kaDaka zAsana hoIla. (adhyAya 73) pASaNDa yA zabdAcA prAkRta pratizabda, 'pAsaMDa' asA Ahe. AvazyakasUtrAta samyaktvAcyA aticArAcyA saMdarbhAta, 'parapAsaMDa' yA zabdAcA vApara kelelA disato. kauTilIya arthazAstrAce ANi samagra Avazyaka sAhityAce, eka vizeSa nAte Ahe he pUrvIca sAMgitale Ahe. isavI sanAcyA 6-7 vyA zatakAtIla AvazyakacUrNIta, cANakyAce javaLa-javaLa pUrNa caritraca yete. tyAnaMtaracyA kAhI zatakAMmadhye jaina kathAsAhityAta, cANakyAviSayIcyA AkhyAyikAMnI, lokapriyatecA kaLasa gAThalelA disato. cANakyAne vAraMvAra vAparalelyA pASaNDa' zabdAvara, jaina AcArya aDakhaLalele disatAta. sAhajikaca cUrNIkArAne 'parapAsaNDaprazaMsA', yA zIrSakAkhAlI cANakyAlAca jaina zrAvaka saMbodhUna tyAne brAhmaNa sAdhUMcI cukIne stutI kelI ase raMgavile Ahe (AvazyakacUrNI bhAga 2, 245

Page #255
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna pR.281) . AvazyakacUrNIta pratibiMbita jhAlelI hI pratikriyA cANakyAcyA pASaNDaviSayaka dhoraNAmuLeca udbhavalelI disate. naMtaracyA jaina lekhakAMnI parapAsaMDa hA zabda TALUna tyAaivajI 'anyadRSTi' asA zabda vAparalelA disato (tattvArthasUtra 7.18). taseca anekadA pASaNDa zabda TALUna 'mithyAdRSTi' ANi 'mithyAtvI', ase zabdahI upayojita kelele disatAta. yA sarva pRSThabhUmIvara he khUpaca lakSaNIya Ahe kI, udAramatavAdI samrATa azokAne ApalyA prastaralekhAMmadhye, 'pAsaMDa' zabda vegaLyAca arthAne vAparalA Ahe. tyAcyA mate sarva dharmAMcyA saMpradAya - upasaMpradAyAMnA 'pAkhaMDa' mhaNatAta. to namUda karato kI, 'AtmapAsaMDAMitakAca Adara parapAsaMDAMcAhI karAvA'. (5) tIrtha 'tIrtha' hI saMjJA, viziSTa arthAne arthazAstrAta AlI Ahe. tIrtha zabdAcA vyutpattisiddha artha Ahe - 'nadIcA ghATa', 'utAra' athavA 'rastA'. arthazAstrAcyA 12vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya 'aSTAdazeSu tIrtheSu', azI padAvalI vAparato. tyAcA artha Ahe, 'rAjyAcI 18 vegavegaLI khAtI'. rAmAyaNAtahI yAca arthAne hI padAvalI yete (arthazAstra, hivaragAvakara, prastAvanA, pR.43). kauTilyAlA anusarUna 'mahAmAtra' hA, pratyeka khAtyAcA pramukha asato. tyA arthAne to 'tIrthaMkara' mhaNUna saMbodhalA jAto. 'nItivAkyAmRta' graMthAcyA dusar2yA samuddezAta, digaMbara AcArya somadeva mhaNatAta, 'dharmasamavAyinaH kAryasamavAyinazca puruSAH tIrtham / ' rAjyAtIla vividha khAtI sAMbhALaNyAbarobaraca, somadevAne dhArmika bAbatIta nirNaya gheNyAr2yA puruSAlA 'tIrtha' hI saMjJA dilI Ahe. tyAcyA mate azA vyaktI dhArmika ANi vyAvahArika sarvaca bAbatIta vegavegaLe pAyaMDe pADatAta ANi lokAMkaDUna tyAnusAra vartana karavUna ghetAta. 246

Page #256
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 'tIrthakara' kiMvA 'tIrthaMkara' mhaNaje jaina matAnusAra, 'arhat' azI vyaktI asUna AdhyAtmika nItimUlyAMce mArgadarzana karUna, te mokSAcA mArga dAkhavitAta. sAdhu-sAdhvIzrAvaka-zrAvikA, azA caturvidha saMghAlA mArgadarzana karatAta. yAkherIja anyatIrthika (samavAya 60), tIrthasiddha-atIrthasiddha (sthAnAMga 1) azA vizeSa saMjJAhI jaina sAhityAta disatAta. 'pAkhaNDa' asA niMdAtmaka zabda vAparaNyAcyA aivajI, jaina sAhityAta itara saMpradAyAMcyA netyAMnA, 'anyatIrthika' ase mhaTale Ahe. sArAMza kAya tara, kauTilyAcyA mate 'tIrthakara' hA rAjazAsanAtIla mukhya ghaTaka Ahe, mAtra jaina matAnusAra tIrthaMkara' he jinazAsanAce sarvocca praNete Aheta. (6) saMgha ANi gaNa rAjanItizAstrAta 'saMgha' ANi 'gaNa', he dona atyaMta mahattvapUrNa zabda Aheta. tIrtha zabdApramANeca brAhmaNa ANi zramaNa paraMpareta, he donhI zabda kiMcit artha badalAne vAraMvAra upayojita kelele disatAta. 'saMgha' hA zabda kauTilya dona arthAne vAparato. 14 vyA adhyAyAta to mhaNato kI, 'tena saMghabhUtA vyAkhyAtAH / ' AdhIcyA varNanAnusAra he saMgha mhaNaje, vividha kSetrAta kAma karaNAr2yA kAmagArAMce samudAya hota. jase sonArAMce, kuMbhArAMce, zetakAma karaNAr2yAMce, bAMdhakAma karaNAr2yAMce saMgha i. 17 vyA adhyAyAta cANakya jevhA, 'kulasaMgho hi durjayaH' ase udgAra kADhato, tevhA tyAlA eka viziSTa saMgharAjyAtmaka zAsana, apekSita asalele disate. jyA abhyAsakAMnI prAcIna jaina ANi bauddha sAhityAcA abhyAsa kelA Ahe, tyAMce ase mata Ahe kI, saMgha ANi gaNa he dona zabda, ekA svataMtra prajAtaMtrAtmaka rAjyapaddhatIce nidarzaka Aheta. prAcIna bhAratAta tyA kALI azI aneka saMgharAjye ANi 247

Page #257
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna gaNarAjye hotI (arthazAstra, hivaragAvakara, prastAvanA, pR.31-32). jaina ANi bauddhAMnI 'saMgha' hA zabda, khAsa karUna 'viziSTa dhArmika samudAyAsAThI' vAparalelA disato. 'buddha, dhamma ANi saMgha', hI bauddhadharmAtIla AdaraNIya triratne Aheta. jainAMnI sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA, yA cAra dhArmika AdhArastaMbhAMnA caturvidha saMgha' ase saMbodhale. arthazAstrAta ANi jaina sAhityAtahI 'saMgha' ANi 'zreNI' he donahI zabda, kuzala kAmagArAMcyA saMsthAtmaka vyavasthesAThI samAnatene Alele disatAta. jJAtAdharmakatheta kuMbhakArazreNI ANi citrakArazreNI i.cA AvarjUna ullekha kelelA disato (1.8.80, pR.382); 1.8.90, pR.390, byAvara). jaina dArzanika graMthAta, AdhyAtmika guNavattA darzaviNAr2yA pAyar2yAMnAhI, 'zreNI' ase mhaNatAta. SaTkhaMDAgamAsArakhyA prAcIna zaurasenI graMthAta, guNazreNIcA siddhAMta tAttvika rUpAne, varNita kelelA disato. _ 'gaNa' hA zabda kauTilyAne samudAya yA arthAne, arthazAstrAta aneka veLA vAparalA Ahe. mAtra noMda gheNyAsArakhI bAba azI kI, saMgharAjya ANi gaNarAjya azA saMjJAMcA, sAkSAt vApara mAtra to karIta nAhI. yA dRSTIne AcArAMgAtIla ullekha atizaya mahattvAcA Tharato. vividha prakAracyA rAjyapaddhatIMce varNana karatAnA, AcArAMgAta mhaTale Ahe kI - arAyANi vA gaNarAyANi vA juvarAyANi vA dorajjANi vA viruddharajjANi vaa| (AcArAMga 2.12.1.7, lADanau) vara dilelyA yA ullekhAtIla gaNarAjyAMcI noMda, grIka itihAsakArAMcyA ullekhAMcyA sahAyyAne, prAcyavidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI kelI Ahe. tyA dRSTIne AcArAMgAtIla varIla ullekha, atizaya maulyavAna Tharato. 'dvairAjya' mhaNaje dona rAjAMcyA madatIne cAlaNAre rAjya. yAcA ullekha AvazyakacUrNIta asUna tethe caMdragupta ANi parvatakAcA AvarjUna 248

Page #258
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna ullekha kelA Ahe. AcArAMgAta vara ullekhalelA 'arAyANi vA', yAcA artha AjacyA dRSTIne 'arAjaka' asA nasUna, 'lokasamudAyAne cAlavilele rAjya', asA Ahe. 'gaNa' hA zabda jaina paraMpareta, sAdhu-sAdhvIMcyA maryAdita samudAyAsAThI vAparatAta. azA viziSTa sAdhugaNAce, netRtva karaNAr2yA vyaktIlA 'gaNadhara', ase saMbodhale Ahe. mahAvIrAMce ase akarA gaNadhara hote ANi tyAMnI akarA aMgagraMthAMce saMkalana kele, ase jaina paraMpareta namUda kele Ahe. kALAcyA oghAta naMtara ase aneka gaNa ANi gaccha, jaina sAdhusaMghAta banale. tAtparya ase kI, gaNa ANi saMgha yA donhI zabdAMcA, ekA bAjUne jainadharmAzI ANi dusar2yA bAjUne magadha-aMga-vaMga-kaliMga, yA pradezAMcyA rAjanaitika itihAsAzI, atizaya atUTa saMbaMdha Ahe. (7) daNDa ___he sAMgaNyAcI garajaca nAhI kI, kauTilyAcyA dRSTIne 'daNDa' ANi 'daNDanIti', yA dona zabdAMce kitI mahattva Ahe ! 2 r2yA adhyAyAta prAraMbhI, cAra vidyAMcA ullekha Ahe, tyA mhaNaje AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA ANi daNDanIti! 5 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya AvarjUna mhaNato kI, pahilyA tIna vidyAMcI susthitI, sarvasvI daNDanItIvara avalaMbUna Ahe. 4 thyA adhyAyAta tIkSNadaNDa, mRdudaNDa ANi yathArhadaNDa yAMcI cikitsA kauTilya prayatnapUrvaka karato. arthazAstrAcyA 90 vyA adhyAyAta 'aticAradaNDAcA' sAkSepAne vicAra kelA Ahe. 13 vyA adhyAyAta asaMtuSTAMnA saMtuSTa karaNyAce, cAra upAya kauTilya namUda karato, te mhaNaje sAma-dAna (upapradAna)-daNDabheda. yAtIla daNDa yA upAyAce vivecana karatAnA kauTilya mhaNato, 'vadha karaNe, chaLa karaNe ANi saMpattI hisakAvUna gheNe, yAlA daNDa mhaNatAta'. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA zevaTI jI suprasiddha cANakyasUtre dilI Aheta, tyAta vAraMvAra daNDa ANi daNDanItIce 249

Page #259
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna mahattva paTavUna dile Ahe. jainAMcyA dhArmika AcArasaMhiteta 'daMDa' yA zabdAcA prayoga aneka veLA kelelA disato, jase - arthadaMDa, anarthadaMDa, manodaMDa, vacanadaMDa, kAyadaMDa, dravyadaMDa, bhAvadaMDa i. tyAtIla daMDa yA zabdAcA mUlagAmI artha mAtra, jaina paraMparene thoDA vegaLA lAvalA Ahe. daMDa mhaNaje 'hiMsA'. 'arthadaMDa' mhaNaje koNatyA tarI hetUne athavA kAraNAne kelelI hiMsA. 'anarthadaMDa' mhaNaje niSkAraNa kelelI hiMsA. manAne, vacanAne ANi kAyene kelelyA hiMselA jainAMnI manodaMDa i. vizeSa nAve dilI Aheta. zArIrika ANi mAnasika hiMselA, tyAMnI anukrame dravyadaMDa ANi bhAvadaMDa azI nAve dilI Aheta. sarva prakAracyA daMDAMcA mhaNaje hiMsecA tyAga karaNe, he jaina AcArapaddhatIta sarvocca tattva mAnale Ahe (uttarAdhyayana 31.4). saMpUrNa daMDatyAga' he sAdhUce mahAvrata' Ahe tara anarthadaMDaviramaNa' he jaina zrAvakAMce 'guNavrata' Ahe (tattvArthasUtra 7.16). 80 vyA AvazyakasUtrAta anarthadaMDAce sarva prakAra, upaprakAra sAkSepAne noMdavile Aheta. AvazyakAce arthazAstrAzI asalele nAte, yApUrvIhI anekadA spaSTa kele Ahe. tAtparya kAya tara, 'daNDa' hA zabda arthazAstra ANi jaina nItizAstra yA doghAMmadhye, samAna asalA tarI tyAce arthAviSkAra kiMcit bhinna Aheta. kauTilyAcA daNDa mhaNaje rAjAne gunhegArAMnA, gunhyAlA anusarUna dilelI zikSA Ahe. jainAMnI AdhyAtmika dRSTIne yA saMkalpanece vaizvIkaraNa karUna ase mhaTale Ahe kI, mANasAMce asaMyamI vartana he sarva jIvasRSTIlA kaLata-nakaLata, zikSA deta asate. mhaNUna sAdhakAne daMDatyAgAce dhoraNa ThevAve. mhaNajeca kauTilyAcA daNDa 'vyavahAranayAnusAra' Ahe tara jainAMcA daMDatyAgAcA vicAra 'nizcayanayAne' mahattvapUrNa Tharato. (8) vRSala ANi vRSalI 250

Page #260
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna AtA ApaNa atyaMta vivAdya azA 'vRSala' ANi 'vRSalI', yA zabdAMcA arthazAstrAcyA saMdarbhAta, mudrArAkSasAcyA saMdarbhAta ANi tyAMcyA prAkRta pratizabdAMcyA saMdarbhAta vicAra karU. arthazAstrAcyA 12 vyA adhyAyAta, satata phirUna heragirI karaNAr2yA striyAMcA viSaya cAlU Ahe. to mhaNato - parivrAjikA: --- pragalbhA brAhmaNya: --- mahAmAtrakulAni adhigcchet| etayA muNDA vRSalyo vyaakhyaataaH| yA paricchedAta brAhmaNa saMnyAsinIMnA, to parivrAjikA' ase saMbodhato. tyAMcyAkaDUna kelyA gelelyA heragirIcyA apekSA, to muMDana kelelyA vRSalIMkaDUnahI, samAnatene apekSita karato. kauTilyAcyA abhyAsakAMnI 'vRSalyaH' yA zabdAce bhASAMtara, sAmAnyataH nIca jAtIcyA arthAt zUdra striyA, ase kele Ahe. mudrArAkSasAcyA abhyAsakAMce ase mata Ahe kI, cANakya jevhA caMdraguptAlA vRSala ase saMbodhato tevhA, to zabda caMdraguptAcyA zUdrateviSayI Ahe' - he je gRhItakRtya Ahe, te arthazAstrAcyA sUkSma abhyAsAne atyaMta ayathArtha Tharate. kAraNa arthazAstrAtIla vRSala zabdAcA artha kAhI vegaLAca disato. tyAne 12 vyA adhyAyAta zramaNa hA zabda, avaidika saMpradAyAsAThI vAparalA Ahe. 77 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato - zAkya-AjIvakAdIn vRSalapravrajitAn devapitRkAryeSu bhojayatarazatyo dnnddH| yethe 'vRSala' hA zabda azA bhikSuvargAsAThI yojalA Ahe kI, je bauddha, AjIvaka va jainasaMghAce Aheta. yAtIla bhikhUcI jI yAdI Ahe, tI avaidikAMcI Ahe he khAsa. arthAt avaidika saMpradAyAtIla kAhI loka, zUdrAMmadhUna Ale asalyAcI zakyatA Ahe paraMtu sarvAMnAca zUdra ase mhaNUna vRSala zabdAcA arthaca zUdra Ahe ase mhaNaNe yogya nAhI. prAkRta-zabda-mahArNavAtIla busi (vRSi, vRSin) taseca vusI (vRSI), yA zabdAMvara 251

Page #261
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna lakSa keMdrita kele ANi tyAsAThI dilele sarva saMdarbha tapAsale, tara ase disate kI, he zabda avaidika saMpradAyAtIla, munI athavA bhiDUMviSayI yojale jAta asAveta. sUtrakRtAMga ANi uttarAdhyayana yA graMthAMvarUna he spaSTa hote kI, tyAta jevhA 'esa dhamme vusImao' ase udgAra yetAta, tevhA te vRSala zabdAcyA atizaya javaLa jAtAta (sUtrakRtAMga 1.8.19; 1.8.15 va uttarAdhyayana 5.18). vizeSa goSTa azI kI kauTilyahI vRSala, vRSalIMcA saMbaMdha avaidikAMzI joDato. mudrArAkSasAta jevhA cANakya anekadA caMdraguptAlA vRSala' mhaNato, tevhA azIhI eka zakyatA vyakta hote kI, to kadAcit caMdraguptAcyA avaidikatezI nigaDita ase zakela. prastuta mudyAta je ATha prAtinidhika pAribhASika zabda ghetale Aheta, tyAvarUna ase disate kI, tatkAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtIta te zabda ANi tyAMcyA saMkalpanA cAMgalyAca rujalyA hotyA. arthazAstrAta tyA rAjanItIcyA saMdarbhAta vaLavilyA Aheta tara jaina paraMparene tyA ApalyA AcArazAstrAcyA ANi tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTIta nITa basavilyA Aheta. dohotIla samAna saMkalpanAMcA asA abhyAsa, ajUna kitItarI vADhavitA yeIla. kAraNa iMgitaAkAra, uMcha, eSaNA, kApaTika, AvApa, parihAra - he ANi ase kitItarI zabda, vicArAlA bharapUra khAdya puravitAta. (Da) jaina AcAraniyamAMcI arthazAstrAcyA pariprekSyAta mImAMsA yA mudyAkhAlI ApaNa jaina AcArazAstrAcA, arthazAstrAzI asalelA saMbaMdha vizada karaNAra Ahota. jaina AcArazAstra he dona mukhya mudyAMta vibhAgalele Ahe - (1) jaina gRhasthAcAra arthAt zrAvakAcAra ANi (2) jaina sAdhuAcAra. jaina AcArazAstra hI eka kramAne vikasita jhAlelI sAhityazAkhA Ahe. prAcIna, madhyayugIna ANi Adhunika 252

Page #262
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna kALAta, tI kramAne pariSkRta hota rAhilI. bhASika dRSTyA pAhile tara, javaLajavaLa sarva iMDo Aryana bhASAMmadhUna ANi Adhunika kALAta sarvaca bhAratIya bhASAMmadhUna graMthakArAMnI Apale AcAraviSayaka vicAra vyakta kelele disatAta. ___ardhamAgadhI AgamAMmadhIla aMga, mUlasUtra ANi chedasUtra yA nAvAne prasiddha asalelyA graMthAMmadhye, AcAraviSayaka vivecana ADhaLate. hI sarva sUtre magadhAzI saMbaMdhita Aheta. zrAvakAcAra hA prAmukhyAne aMgagraMthAMpaikI, upAsakadazeta ADhaLato. mUlasUtra ANi chedasUtrAta sAdhuAcArAce vivecana Ahe. AvazyakasUtrAtUna donhI prakAracyA AcArAce mArgadarzana miLate. sAdhU aso athavA zrAvaka, to muLAta dezAcA prajAjana asalyAmuLe, saMpUrNa dezAsAThI tayAra kelelI AcArAvalI, tyAne pALaNe anivArya Tharate. kauTilIya arthazAstra hA, anekavidha rAjakIya viSayAMnA kaveta gheNArA bRhatkAyagraMtha asUna, tyAtIla kAhI viziSTa adhyAyAMmadhye prajesAThI viziSTa niyama, tyAMce aticAra ANi tyAsAThI asalelyA zikSecI arthAt daMDavidhAnAcI noMda kelelI Ahe. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA aneka abhyAsakAMnI, kauTilyAcyA bhikSuviSayaka dhoraNAviSayI, ApalI mate vyakta kelelI disatAta. vegavegaLyA adhyAyAMmadhye kauTilyAne akSaraza: zekaDo veLA, puDhIla zabda vAparale Aheta. jase - saMnyAsI, siddha, tApasa, zrotriya, brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka, bhikSu, kSapaNaka, pASaMDI, muMDI, jaTila ityAdi. zrotriyabrAhmaNa-parivrAjakAviSayI, kauTilya thoDA pakSapAtI disalA tarI, ekaMdara bhikSuvargAvara tyAcI karaDI najara disate. mukhya mhaNaje kauTilyAcIca azI apekSA disate kI, saMnyAsI asalyAcA phAyadA gheUna, yA koNAlAhI niyamapAlanAtUna, kasalIhI sUTa miLaNAra nAhI. itakeca navhe tara, samAjAcyA sarva starAMmadhye, yAMnA sahaja praveza asalyAne, ApalyA herAMnI ase veSa dhAraNa karUna, samAjAtIla bittaMbAtamI miLavAvI, azIhI tyAcI apekSA disate. arthazAstrAcyA 4 thyA adhikaraNAce zIrSaka, 'kaNTakazodhana' 253

Page #263
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna ase Ahe. tyAta gunhegArAMcA kasUna zodha ANi tyAMnA ThoThAvalelyA kaDaka zikSAMce varNana yete. (1) jaina zrAvakAcAra ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra arthazAstrAcyA cauthyA adhikaraNAtIla, 78 vyA adhyAyApAsUna 90 vyA adhyAyAparyaMtacyA bhAgAce, kALajIpUrvaka vAcana kele kI, jaina abhyAsakAlA he kaLUna cukate kI, jaina zrAvakAcArAzI hyAce atizaya nikaTace nAte Ahe. jaina zrAvakAcAra mukhyataH vrate ANi tyAMce aticAra, yAMcyA rUpAne mAMDalelA Ahe. AzcaryAcI ANi AnaMdAcI goSTa azI kI, kauTilyAcyA 90 vyA adhyAyAce nAva 'aticAradaNDa' aseca Ahe. zrAvakAkaDUna azI apekSA kelI jAte kI, tyAne pAca aNuvratAMce kasozIne pAlana karAve. pratyeka aNuvratAcyA pAca-pAca aticArAMcyA rUpAne, tyAtIla maryAdA spaSTa kelelyA disatAta. mahAvratAMpekSA asalelA bheda vyakta karaNyAsAThI, aNuvratAMcyA mAge sthUla hA zabda lAvalelA disato. kAraNa zrAvakAcyA vyAvahArika maryAdA lakSAta ghetA, vratAMce pAlana tyAlA sthUlatene karaNeca zakya Ahe. aNuvratAMcyA vivecanAnaMtara sAMgitalelI, tIna guNavrate ANi cAra zikSAvrate, tyAlA zrAvakadharmAta sthira karaNyAsAThI upayukta TharatAta. hI sAta vrate mukhyata: dhArmika ANi AdhyAtmika disatAta. pahilI pAca aNuvrate mAtra nItimUlyAtmaka asUna, tI jAta-pAta-dharma-deza yAMcyA sImA olAMDUna, sarva mAnavaprANyAMnA AdarzabhUta TharaNArI azI Aheta. yA pAca aNuvratAMpaikI suddhA 'parigrahaparimANa' he vrata, bar2yAca pramANAta vyaktIcyA Arthika ANi sAmAjika paristhitIvara avalaMbUna Ahe. tyAmuLe, aparigraha kitI pramANAta karAyacA ?', yAce sarvAMsAThI sAmAnyIkaraNa karatA yeta nAhI. ekUNa kAya tara, pahilI cAra aNuvrate khar2yA 254

Page #264
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna arthAne zAzvata nItitattve asUna, tyAbaddalace mArgadarzana jaina zrAvakAcArAta ANi arthazAstrAta, atizaya pariNAmakArakatene disUna yetAta. yA vivecanAsAThI ekA viziSTa paddhatIcA avalaMba kelA Ahe. prathama zrAvakAcArAtIla aNuvrate ANi tyAMcyA aticArAMcI nAve dilI Aheta. tyAnaMtara pAThopATha kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA aticAradaNDAtIla, saMbaMdhita bhAga uddhRta kelA Ahe. koNAhI subuddha vAcakAlA, tyAtIla sAmya stimita karaNAre Tharela. pahile aNuvrata : sthUla-hiMsA-viramaNa aticAra - vadha, bandha, chaviccheda, atibhAra ANi bhaktapAnaviccheda. * vadha : vyaktIne koNatyAhI prANyAlA mArapITa karU naye athavA tyAcA vadha karU naye. arthazAstra : arthazAstrAcyA 88 vyA adhyAyAta 'vadha' yA zIrSakAkhAlI dusar2yA manuSyAMsaMbaMdhI va prANyAMsaMbaMdhI kelelyA gunhyAMcI, noMda kelI Ahe. mArapITa ANi vadhAsAThI gunhyAcyA kamI-adhika tIvratenusAra, zArIrika zikSA ANi Arthika daMDa sAMgitalA Ahe. 50 vyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, jo koNI dusar2yAMce, pazudhana corela athavA tyAMnA mArela, tyAcyAkaDUna jabara Arthika daMDa vasUla karAvA.' 76 vyA adhyAyAtahI, svata:cyA ANi itarAMcyA pazudhanAce nukasAna karaNAr2yAsa, daMDa ThoThAvalA Ahe. bandha : vyaktIne koNatyAhI prANyAlA baLajabarIne bAMdhUna ANi jakhaDUna ThevU naye. tyAmuLe prANyAMnA yAtanA hotAta. arthazAstra : 74 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilyAne namUda kele Ahe kI, 'jo koNI ekhAdyA puruSAlA athavA strIlA, baLajabarIne bAMdhUna Thevela, tyAlA 1000 paNa 255

Page #265
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna * * itakA daMDa karAvA.' chaviccheda : koNatyAhI prANyAcyA, koNatyAhI avayavAce chedana karU naye. arthazAstra : 'chaviccheda' yA zIrSakAkhAlI, 76 vyA adhyAyAta udAharaNe dilI Aheta. hAta, pAya, kAna, dAta i. toDaNAr2yA vyaktIlA jabara zikSA pharmAvalI Ahe. kevaLa manuSyaprANyAMnAca navhe tara yAca adhyAyAta, hA chavicchedAcA niyama prANI ANi vRkSAMcyA bAbatItahI lAgU kelA Ahe. yA adhyAyAtIla 'daNDapAruSya' hA viSaya, jaNU kAhI jaina AcAryAMnI chaviccheda' yA aticArAkhAlI sArAMzarUpAne mAMDalelA disato. atibhAra : koNatyAhI prANyAvara, tyAcyA kSamatepekSA adhika ojhe lAdU naye. arthazAstra : 50, 51 ANi 52 yA tIna adhyAyAta kramAne baila, ghoDe ANi hattI yAMcyAvara kSamatepekSA jAsta ojhe lAdaNe ANi tyAMcyA zramAcI piLavaNUka karaNe yAsAThI kauTilyAne, jabaradasta daMDa vasUla karaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. bhaktapAnaviccheda : koNatyAhI prANyAcA AhAra toDU naye ANi AhAra gheta asatAnA tyAlA asvastha karU naye. arthazAstra : 50 vyA adhyAyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, ardhapoTI ThevalyAmuLe jara kA koNatyAhI prANyAcA mRtyU jhAlA, tara tyA sAMbhALaNAr2yA vyaktIlA jabara daMDa karAvA. vizeSataH bachaDe, vRddha gAyI ANi AjArI prANyAMcI mAlakAne nITa kALajI ghetalIca pAhije. sthUla-ahiMsA-vratAce aticAra vAcUna, aneka jaina abhyAsakAMnI 256

Page #266
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna Azcarya vyakta kele Ahe kI, hI sarva vrate mUka prANyAMnAca vizeSa lAgU hotAta ANi manuSyAMcA vicAra tyAta kA kelelA nAhI ? he koDe jara ulagaDAvayAce asela tara, arthazAstrAcyA saMbaMdhita vivecanAcI ApalyAlA bahumola madata hote. jaina zrAvakavarga hA mukhyata: vaizyavarNIya hotA ANi AjahI Ahe. kauTilyAne jyA cAra vidyA sAMgitalyA Aheta, tyAtIla tisarI vidyA Ahe 'vArtA'. kauTilya mhaNato, 'kRSipazupAlyavANijyA ca vArtA' (adhyAya 4). arthAt zetI, pazupAlana ANi vyApAra yA tighAMnA vArtA ase mhaNatAta. tisar2yA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato kI, 'vaizya he yA tIna sAdhanAMnI upajIvikA karatAta. tyAmuLe sAhajikaca pazupAlanAsAThI banavilelI niyamAvalI, jaina gRhasthAMsAThI mahattvAcI Tharate. kALAcyA oghAta jainAMnI aneka sAmAjika ANi dhArmika kAraNAMnI, Apale lakSa jAstIta jAsta vANijyAvaraca keMdrita kele. ardhamAgadhI graMthAta mAtra, zetI ANi pazupAlana yA vyavasAyAMnAhI, samAna mahattva dilele disate. kALAcyA oghAta jainAMce vyavasAya jarI badalale tarI, tyAveLI tayAra jhAlelA zrAvakAcAra toca rAhilA. arthAtaca kauTilyAne noMdavilele pazupAlanAviSayIce aticAra, sthUla-ahiMsA-vratAta, avazeSAcyA rUpAne taseca rAhile. khare sAMgAyace tara kauTilyAcI 'aticAradaNDa' saMkalpanA, jainAMnA ahiMsecyA sUkSma pAlanAsAThI atizaya upayukta vATalI. dusare aNuvrata : sthUla-mRSAvAda-viramaNa sthUla-mRSAvAda-viramaNa-vratAce vivecana dona prakAre kelele disate. sahasAabhyAkhyAna i. pAca aticAra, paraMparene noMdavile Aheta. upAsakadazA ANi AvazyakasUtrAtUna, tyAMce darzana hote. yA pAca aticArAMpaikI pahile cAra, nItimattecyA vaiyaktika mUlyAMzI 257

Page #267
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna nigaDita Aheta. paraMtu pAcavA aticAra hA, sAmAjika dRSTIne atizaya mahattvAcA Tharato. tyAce nAva Ahe, 'kUTalekhakaraNa', arthAt khoTI kAgadapatre banaviNe. arthazAstrAcyA 80 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, 'je koNI banAvaTa kAgadapatre tayAra karatIla, tyAMnA haddapArIcI zikSA ThoThavAvI'. 86 vyA adhyAyAta eka saMpUrNa pariccheda azA lekhanikAsAThI AlA Ahe, kI jo kAgadapatra banavitAnA tyAtIla vastusthitI badalato, zabdAvalI badalato, kAhI navyA goSTI tyAta TAkato kiMvA kAgadapatrAMcA cukIcA anvayArtha kADhato. azA prakArace 'kUTalekha' tayAra karaNAr2yAlA ANi karaviNAr2yAlA, jabara daMDAcI zikSA dilI Ahe. kauTilyAne phasavAphasavIcI likhApaDhI karaNAr2yAMcyA, aneka yuktyA - prayuktyAMcA nirdeza ANi niSedha, yAca adhyAyAta kelA Ahe. 89 vyA adhyAyAta 'kanyAprakrama' yA zIrSakAkhAlI, vivAhAcyA veLI hoNAr2yA khoTyA goSTIMvara, prakAza TAkalA Ahe. zrAvakAcArAta 'kanyAlIka' yA aticArAkhAlI, vivAhAsaMbaMdhIcyA apalApAMcA, cAMgalAca samAcAra ghetalA Ahe. pazUMcyA kharedI-vikrIcyA vyavahArAta khoTepaNA karaNyAcyA aticArAsa, jainAMnI 'gavAlIka' ase mhaTale Ahe. arthazAstrAcyA 50, 51 ANi 52 yA adhyAyAtIla vivecanAta, pazusaMbaMdhIMcyA vyavahArAtIla khoTepaNAbaddala, daMDa vasUla karaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. jaminIsaMbaMdhIcyA kharedI-vikrIcyA vyavahArAta khoTepaNA karaNe mhaNaje zrAvakAcArAcyA dRSTIne 'bhUmyalIka' hoya. arthazAstrAcyA 64, 65 va 66 vyA adhyAyAta, jaminIsaMbaMdhIcyA sarva gunhyAMcI bArakAIne noMda kelI Ahe. yA adhyAyAMmadhye jaMgama mAlamattA, tyAMcI kharedIkhate, jaminIbAbatacI kAgadapatre i. jaminIsaMbaMdhIcyA aneka goSTI, kauTilya vicArAta gheto. jainAMnI 'bhUmyalIka' yA aticArAkhAlI, he sarva viSaya saMkalita kelele disatAta. carAU 258

Page #268
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna itarAMnI Theva mhaNUna ThevalelyA, dhanAcA ANi vastUMcA apahAra karaNe, mhaNaje 'nyAsApahAra' hoya. 83 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya yAviSayI khUpa carcA karato. to mhaNato, 'stena-nidhi-nikSepa-AhAraprayoga-gUDhAjIvinAmanyatamaM zaGketeti zaGkAbhigrahaH / ' dusar2yA aNuvratAcyA zevaTacyA aticArAta jainAMnI kUTasAkSI' arthAt zapathapUrvaka khoTI sAkSa deNyAcA nirdeza kelA Ahe. 81 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, 'nyAyAdhyakSAMsamora zapathapUrvaka khoTI sAkSa deNAr2yAsa, haddapArIcI zikSA ThoThavAvI'. tyAca adhyAyAta 'kUTa' ANi 'gUDha' yA dona zabdAMcA, vAraMvAra prayoga kelelA disato. sarva prakAracyA asatya goSTIMcA lekhAjokhA, yA adhyAyAta vistRtapaNe mAMDalA Ahe. namunyAdAkhala kAhI kauTilyasUtre puDhIlapramANe sAMgatA yetIla. * gUDhajIvinaM zaGketa / * grAmakUTamadhyakSa vA satrI brUyAt / kRtakAbhiyukto vA kUTasAkSiNo'bhijJAtA'narthavaipulyena Arabheta / * te cettathA kuryuH 'kUTasAkSiNaH' iti pravasyeran / kUTapaNakArakAH, kUTarUpakArakaM, kUTasuvarNavyavahArI i. sArAMza kAya tara, dusar2yA va tisar2yA aNuvratAMcyA aticArAta vAparalelA 'kUTa zabda, arthazAstrAcyA dRSTInehI titakAca lakSaNIya Tharato. tisare aNuvrata : sthUla-adattAdAna-viramaNa 'corI' yA gunhyAcA vicAra, cANakyAne ekUNa sahA adhyAyAta kelA Ahe (adhyAya kra.78,79,85,86,87,88). 78 vyA adhyAyAcyA zevaTI, eka lakSaNIya vidhAna kele Ahe. vegavegaLyA vyAvasAyikAMcI, eka bhalI moThI yAdI dilI Ahe. zevaTI mhaTale Ahe kI, "ApaNa yAMcI gaNanA vastuta: corAMmadhye karU zakata nAhI. paNa 259

Page #269
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna te javaLa-javaLa cauryakarmAta sAmIla jhAlyAsArakheca asatAta. vyApArI, udyoga karaNAre, kArAgIra, bhikSU, bhATacAraNa, gAruDI ANi mAyAjAlika (jAdUgAra) yA sarvAMvara bArakAIne najara ThevalI pAhije." 79 vyA adhyAyAce zIrSaka Ahe, 'vaizya ANi vyApArIvargApAsUna prajece saMrakSaNa'. yA adhyAyAta je tapazIla dile Aheta, tyAvarUna he lakSAta yete kI, tyAtIla aneka goSTI, jaina gRhasthAcArAtIla tisar2yA aNuvratAzI, atizaya miLatyAjuLatyA Aheta. * pahilA aticAra Ahe 'stenAhRta' arthAt corIcA mAla vikata gheNe. 86 vyA adhyAyAta yAcA vividha aMgAne vicAra kelA asUna, tyAsAThI jabaradasta daMDa kiMvA prasaMgI dehAMtAcI zikSA ThoThAvalI Ahe. 'taskaraprayoga' mhaNaje corAlA corIsAThI uttejana deNe. yAcA vicAra 88 vyA adhyAyAta asUna, corAlA nivAsasthAna ANi annapANI deNAr2yAsa, jabara zikSA pharmAvilI Ahe. tisarA aticAra Ahe 'viruddharAjyAtikrama' arthAt rAjazAsanAce kara cukaviNe ANi rAjazAsanAviruddha kaTa zijaviNe. yA gunhyAkhAlI yeNAr2yA aneka goSTI 88 vyA adhyAyAta bArakAIne noMdavilyA Aheta. hA gunhA karaNAr2yAMsAThI jALUna TAkaNyAcI kiMvA jIbha bAhera khecUna kADhaNyAcI zikSA dilI Ahe. cauthA aticAra Ahe 'kUTatulAkUTamApa'. arthazAstrAcyA 79 vyA adhyAyAta, khoTI vajanamApe tayAra karaNAr2yAMnA, atizaya kaThora zikSA dilI Ahe. 'pratirUpakavyavahAra' yA pAcavyA aticArAce varNana, 81 vyA adhyAyAta vistArAne Ale Ahe. bhesaLa karaNyAce ANi nakalI mAla banaviNyAce, aneka prakAraupaprakAra, kauTilya yA 81 vyA adhyAyAta deto. zivAya koNakoNatyA goSTIMmadhye, 260

Page #270
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna kAya-kAya bhesaLa karaNyAcI zakyatA Ahe, yAcIhI udAharaNe deto. pahile aNuvrata ANi tyAce aticAra yAMce varNana, jyApramANe vizeSekarUna pazupAlakAMnA lAgU Ahe, tyApramANe tisare aNuvrata ANi tyAce aticAra yAMce varNana vaizyAMnA lAgU Ahe. arthazAstrAcA 79 vA adhyAya, yA dRSTIne phAraca mahattvAcA Ahe. cauthe aNuvrata : sthUla-maithuna-viramaNa (svadArasaMtoSa) arthazAstrAtIla 89 vyA ANi 90 vyA adhyAyAMmadhye laiMgika bAbIMsaMbaMdhI ghaDaNAre gunhe noMdavilele Aheta. 89 vyA adhyAyAta avivAhita mahilAMviSayIce athavA kumArikAMviSayIce aparAdha ANi tyAMcyAsaMbaMdhIcyA zikSA yAMce vivecana yete. balAtkArAsaMbaMdhIce gunhe 90 vyA adhyAyAta yetAta. arthazAstrAtIla he vivecana cauthyA aNuvratAtIla aticArAMcyA varNanAzI anekadA taMtotaMta zabdazaH juLate. aNuvratAMce aticAra puDhIlapramANe Aheta - * rakhelIbarobara laiMgika saMbaMdha ThevaNe. avivAhita strI agara vidhavebarobara vivAhabAhya laiMgika saMbaMdha ThevaNe. anaisargika ANi vikRta saMbhoga karaNe, vizeSataH tiryaMca ANi devIdevatAMcyA pratimAMzI gairakRtye karaNe. vivAhita parastrIviSayI laiMgika sukhAcI abhilASA ThevaNe. vivAha jamavitAnA dalAlIcI apekSA karaNe. punarAvRttIcA doSa patkarUna suddhA arthazAstrAcyA 89, 90 vyA adhyAyAtIla mudde punhA ekadA svataMtrapaNe noMdavile Aheta. kAraNa tyAtIla zabdAvalIMce sAmya thakka karaNAre Ahe. kauTilyAne puDhIla goSTIMnA laiMgika gunhe mAnUna kaThora zikSA ThoThAvalyA Aheta - 261

Page #271
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna avivAhita kanyezI samAgama. dusar2yAcI patnI athavA vidhavezI ticyA saMmatIzivAya jabarI saMbhoga. vezyAgRhAcI mAlakINa athavA ticyA kanyezI ticyA saMmatIzivAya saMbhoga. anaisargika athavA vikRta laiMgika saMbaMdha. svata:cyA patnIzI baLajabarIne saMbhoga. pazupakSyAMzI anaisargika saMbhoga. devadevatAMcyA pratimAMzI anaisargika saMbhoga. jaina AcArasaMhiteta sarvaca gRhasthAMsAThI saptavyasanAMcA tyAga karAvayAsa sAMgitalA Ahe. tyAmadhyehI vezyAgamana taseca parastrI/parapuruSa gamanAcyA tyAgAcA ullekha kelA Ahe. ekaMdarIta, jainAMnA hI jANIva prakharatene disate kI, he sarva laiMgika gunhe nItimattecyA dRSTIne tara ayogya Ahetaca paraMtu tyAta zAsanAcyA AdezAce ullaMghana asalyAmuLe sAmAjika dRSTyAhI to daMDapAtra aparAdha Ahe. uparokta jaina gRhasthAcArAsaMbaMdhI abhyAsakAMnI jainadharmAcyA svataMtratecyA anuSaMgAne anekadA eka AkSepa upasthita kelelA disato. muslIma kiMvA khrizcana kAyadyApramANe jainAMnA tyAMcI azI svataMtra AcArasaMhitA disata nAhI. tyAMnA hiMdU laoN koDa lAgU hota asalyAne to svataMtra dharma mAnAyacA kA ? - asAhI prazna vicAralA jAto. yAlA uttara ase Ahe kI, ApalyA itara hiMdU bAMdhavAMpramANe jaina he tyAca sAmAjika-sAMskRtika vAtAvaraNAta ekopyAne rahAta asalyAmuLe jaina AcAryAMnA svataMtra jaina kAyadyAcI AvazyakatA vATalI nasAvI. ulaTa jaina kAyadetajjJAMce phAra moThe molAce yogadAna Ahe kI, tyAMnI samakAlIna zAsanAne ghAlUna dilele kAyade ANi maryAdA ApalyA dainaMdina AcAravyavahArAta kauzalyAne samAviSTa karUna ghetalyA. hiMdU dharmazAstrakArAMnI sAMgitalelA 262

Page #272
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna gRhasthadharma kiMvA bauddhAMcA paMcazIlAMvara AdhAralelA upAsakAcAra yA dohoMpekSA kitItarI adhika sUkSmatene jaina gRhasthAcAra noMdavilelA Ahe. koNatyAhI prakAracyA jAtivarNAnusAra bheda na karatA, jainAMnI kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla mudde-upamudde dhyAnI gheUna ApalyA gRhasthAcArAcI nITa mAMDaNI kelelI disate. jainAMnI vAparalelA 'aticAra' hA zabda ANi kauTilyAne yojalelA aticAraNDa' hA zabda atizaya bolakA asUna, kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA tyAMcyA AcArasaMhitevarIla pariNAma spaSTa karaNArA Ahe. aNuvratAMcyA rUpAne jainAMnI zAzvata nItimUlyAMnA sthAna dile ANi guNavrata-zikSAvratAMcyA rUpAne tyAMcyA dhArmika, tattvajJAnAtmaka ANi AcArapradhAna goSTIMnAhI puresA vAva ThevalA. (2) jaina sAdhuAcAra ANi kauTilIya arthazAstra __bhAratIya vidyAMce abhyAsaka, sAmAnyata: ase mata vyakta karatAta kI, bhAratAtIla zramaNa paraMparA hI mukhyata: nivRttipara hotI. hI goSTa jaina paraMparelA nizcitaca lAgU paDate. hI paraMparA mukhyataH vedaprAmANya na mAnaNArI, kaThora tapasyelA va dhyAnAlA mahattva deNArI ANi adhyAtmavAdI Ahe. jaina paraMparetIla prAcIna vicAravaMtAMce AviSkAra, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka ANi dazavaikAlika-yA graMthAMta mukhyata: ADhaLUna yetAta. sAdhuAcArAcyA dRSTIne jaina sAhityAcA hA pahilA TappA Ahe. yAlA ApaNa 'cANakyapUrvayuga' ase mhaNU zakato. sAdhu-AcArAcyA saMdarbhAtalA dusarA TappA Ahe chedasUtrAMcyA racanecA. prathama bhadrabAhukRta nizItha-kalpa-vyavahArasUtre, aticAra ANi prAyazcittAMvara AdhArita Aheta. hI sUtre prAya: cANakya-samakAlIna mAnAvayAsa harakata nAhIta. yA chedasUtrAMvarIla niyukti-bhASye-TIkA ANi jaina zaurasenImadhIla mUlAcAra-bhagavatI ArAdhanA he graMtha sAdhu-AcArAcyA dRSTIne mahattvapUrNa asale tarI te nakkI cANakyottara kALAtIla Aheta. yAvarUna ApaNa yA niSkarSAprata yeto kI, 263

Page #273
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu he caMdragupta-cANakyAcA itihAsa ANi kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI atizaya javaLUna saMbaMdhita hote. ___yA sarva pRSThabhUmIvara AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika ANi nizItha yA graMthAMcI mImAMsA, tyAMcyAvarIla TIkAsAhityAcyA AdhAre karaNe, atizaya lakSaNIya Tharate. zaurasenI graMthAMmadhIla sAdhuAcAra prAmukhyAne, mUlaguNa ANi uttaraguNa yAMcyA anuSaMgAne AlelA asUna, ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla sAdhuAcAra mukhyata: pAca mahAvrate, pAca samiti, tIna gupti ANi dazavidha-dharmAMcyA aMgAne AlelA disato. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA pariprekSyAta, sAdhuAcArAtIla sarva bArakAvyAMcI tapazIlavAra mImAMsA karaNe, javaLa-javaLa azakyaprAya Ahe. tarIhI prastuta ThikANI sAdhuAcArAtIla ThaLaka goSTIMcA, kAhI udAharaNe ANi nirIkSaNAMsaha, kauTilIya arthazAstrAzI asalelA saMbaMdha, vizada karaNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe. arthazAstrAta kamIta kamI tIsa veLA, sAdhuvAcaka vividha saMjJAMcA vApara kelelA disato. te zabda puDhIlapramANe-bhikSu, sAdhu, parivrAjaka, siddha, tApasa, kSapaNaka, muni, saMnyAsI, pASaNDI, muNDI, jaTila i. yAMcI vibhAgaNI kauTilyAne, dona prakAre kelI Ahe. kAhIMnA to 'AzramavAsI' (AzramAta vastI karaNAre) mhaNato. tara kAhIMnA 'caraparivrAjaka' (hiMDaNAre sAdhU) ase mhaNato. cANakyakAlIna samAjAta hA sAdhuvarga, itakyA moThyA pramANAta hotA kI, cANakyAlA yA sarvAMsAThI AcArasaMhitA deNe kramaprApta hote. cANakya svataH koNatyAhI paraMparecA asU de, samAjAtIla sarva prakAracyA sAdhUMviSayIMcA tyAcA dRSTikoNa ekaMdarIta kaDaka ANi kaThora disato. 73 vyA adhyAyAta cANakya spaSTa mhaNato, 'saMnyAzAMce koNatyAhI prakArace gairavartana, kSamya mAnale jANAra nAhI. gunhA jarI saMnyAzAne kelA tarI, rAjAcyA dRSTIne to 264

Page #274
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna nakkIca daMDapAtra Tharato. ' AcArAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAvara najara TAkalI tara ase disate kI, piNDaiSaNA, zayyaiSaNA, IryeSaNA, bhASaiSaNA, vastraiSaNA, pAtraiSaNA, avagrahaiSaNA ANi uccAraprasavaNaiSaNA - yA sarvAMcyA rUpAne jaina sAdhu AcArAne, yA pratyeka bArIka goSTItIla vidhi ANi niSedha, sAkSepAne noMdavile. (2) AcArAMgAcA dusarA zrutaskaMdha ANi dazavaikAlika, yAMcA saMbaMdha atizaya nikaTacA Ahe. sAmAnyataH ase disate kI, dazavaikAlikAtIla prAya: sarva padyabaddha Azaya, AcArAMga 2 madhe, yogya zIrSake deUna paddhatazIrapaNe gadyAta grathita kelA Ahe. yAcAca artha asA kI, AcArAMga 2 ANi dazavaikAlika he donhI graMtha, cANakyAce bhikSu-bhikSuNIviSayaka kaDaka niyama dhyAnAta gheUnaca, ApalI AcArAvalI banavitAta. (3) sAdhU he jarI dhArmika ANi AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karaNAre asale tarI, mukhyataH dezAce nAgarika asalyAmuLe, tyAMnI prajAjanAMsAThI AkhUna dilelyA maryAdetaca vartana karAve, azI cANakyAcI apekSA disate. rAjAne prajecyA susthitIsAThI veLoveLI kADhalelyA AjJApatrAMnA, kauTilyAne 'zAsana' ase saMbodhale Ahe. jinAMcyA AjJAMnA jaina AcAryAMnI, 'jinazAsana' ase saMbodhale Ahe. kAyade moDaNAr2yAMsAThI arthazAstrAta, jyApramANe zikSA ThoThAvalyA Aheta tyApramANe bhikSu-bhikSuNIMsAThI ghAlUna dilelyA niyamAvalIcA, bhaMga karaNAr2yA bhikSu-bhikSuNIMnA, dahA prakAracI prAyazcitte, daMDarUpAne sAMgitalI Aheta. nizItha, kalpa ANi vyavahAra hI sUtre, pratyeka aticArAcyA prAyazcittAMcyA varNanAMnI bharalelI Aheta. (4) arthazAstrAcyA 22 vyA adhyAyAta cANakya mhaNato, 'jara ekhAdyA vyaktIne 265

Page #275
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna gharAtalyA vaDiladhAr2yAMcI anumatI na ghetA ANi kuTuMbAcI bhaviSyakAlIna taratUda na karatA, gRhatyAga karUna saMnyAsa svIkAralA, tara tyAlA jabaradasta zikSA dyAvI.' aMtakRddazeta kRSNa vAsudeva ghoSaNA karato kI, 'jo koNI yA aihika jIvanAcA tyAga karUna, munidharmAta praviSTa hoIla, tyAcA kiMvA ticyA kuTuMbAcI bhaviSyakAlIna taratUda, mAjhyAtarphe kelI jAIla' (aMtakRddazA, varga 5, pR.103, byAvara). uttarAdhyayanAcyA 14 vyA adhyayanAta asA prasaMga raMgavilA Ahe kI, dona purohitaputra ApalyA mAtA-pityAMkaDe, nipa~tha sAdhU banaNyAcI anumatI mAgatAta. mAtA-pitA tyAMnA tyAMcyA vaivAhika ANi kauTuMbika kartavyAMcI, vAraMvAra jANIva karUna deUna, nirNayApAsUna parAvRtta karaNyAcA prayatna karatAta. jJAtAdharmakathecyA pahilyA adhyayanAtahI, meghakumArAbAbata hIca goSTa ghaDalelI disate. arthazAstrAcyA 77 vyA adhyAyAta ase namUda kele Ahe kI, 'jo koNI gharAtIla devakAryAta athavA pitRkAryAta, jaina athavA bauddha bhikSUnA taseca zUdra vyaktIMnA, gharI AmaMtrita karela, tyAlA rAjA kaThora zAsana karela.' AcArAMgAta bhikSu-bhikSuNIMsAThI, koNatyAhI prakAracyA sAmUhika bhojanAcA (saMkhaDIcA), spaSTa zabdAta niSedha noMdavilA Ahe - se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA --- iMdamahesu vA khaMdamahesu vA --- tahappagAre mahAmahesu vaTTamANesu --- asaNaM vA pANaM vA --- No paDigAhejjA / (AcArAMga 2.1.2, pR.22, byAvara) saMkhaDIta bhojana karaNAr2yA sAdhu-sAdhvIlA nizIthasUtrAta mAsika upavAsAce 266

Page #276
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna prAyazcitta dile Ahe. mhaTale Ahe kI - je bhikkhU --- saMkhaDipaloyaNAe asaNaM vA pANaM vA paDiggAhei --- taM sevamANe Avajjai mAsiyaM parihAraTThANaM ugghAiyaM / (nizItha, uddeza 3, sUtra 14) ekhAdyA goSTIcI rAjAne athavA gaNAne, sAdhUMvara baLajabarI kelI tara to apavAda samajUna, tyAsAThI prAyazcitta deU naye, asAhI eka vyAvahArika vicAra nizIthasUtrAta AlelA disato - nannattharAyAbhiogeNa vA gaNAbhiogeNa vA balAbhiogeNa vA / (nizItha, uddeza 9) ekaMdarIta sAdhuAcArAcI racanA karatAnA, jainAMnI rAjasattAka rAjAMce ANi gaNasattAka rAjyAMce niyama, nITa dhyAnAta ghetalele disatAta. (6) 73 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, 'maTha i. nivAsasthAnAMmadhye AzramavAsI ANi pAkhaMDI yAMnI, prAthamyakramAnusAra ALI-pALIne rahAve. yA doghAMpaikI je ekamekAMnA upadrava detIla, tyAMce vartana daMDapAtra Tharela.' AcArAMga eka pAUla puDhe jAUna mhaNate kI, jyA vasatisthAnI pravAsI, itara parivrAjaka yAMce satata AvAgamana cAlU asate, azA maTha i. sthAnAta jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIne mukkAma karU naye.' se AgaMtAgAresu vA, ArAmAgAresu vA, gAhAvaikulesu vA, pariyAvasahesu vA, abhikkhaNa abhikkhaNa sAhammiehiM uvayamANehiM No uvaijjA / (AcArAMga 2, uddeza 2) (7) arthazAstrAcyA 57 vyA adhyAyAta, ayogya jAgI malamUtravisarjana karaNAr2yA vyaktIsa, khUpa moThA daMDa sAMgitalA Ahe. AcArAMga 2 cA saMpUrNa 10 vA adhyAya, yAca viSayAlA anulakSUna lihilA Ahe. jaina AcArapaddhatInusAra, mana-vacana-kriyecyA ucita kriyAMnA 267

Page #277
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 'samiti' ase mhaNatAta. sAdhUne uccAraprasravaNasamitIce pAlana karIta asatAnA, prAsuka sthaMDilAvaraca malamUtravisarjana karAve, asA niyama noMdavilA Ahe. AcArAMgAta mhaTale Ahe kI - se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA --- tahappagAraMsi thaMDilaMsi acittaMsi tao saMjayAmeva uccArapAsavaNaM paridRvijjA / (AcArAMga 2.10, pR.259, byAvara) uttarAdhyayanAcyA 22 vyA ANi 24 vyA adhyayanAtahI, koNatyA jAgI malamUtravisarjana karaNe TALAve, azA ThikANAMcI eka yAdIca dilelI Ahe. dahA sadguNAMce vAcaka asalelyA dazavidha dharmAce pAlana karaNe, hA jaina sAdhuAcArAtIla eka mahattvAcA muddA mAnalA jAto. tattvArthasUtra 9.6 madhye je dazavidhadharma sAMgitale Aheta, te prAmukhyAne dhArmika ANi AdhyAtmika Aheta. sthAnAMgasUtrAtIla dazavidhadharma he mukhyataH sAmAjika pariprekSyAtUna sAMgitalele disatAta. sthAnAMga 10.135 madhye mhaTale Ahe kI - dasavihe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA - gAmadhamme, Nagaradhamme, raThThadhamme, pAsaMDadhamme, kuladhamme, gaNadhamme, saMghadhamme, suyadhamme, carittadhamme, atthikAyadhamme / (sthAnAMga 10.135) varIla dahA dharmAMpaikI pahile sAta dharma, sAmAjika dRSTIne anvarthaka Aheta. sthAnAMgAne sthavira (thera) zabdAce je aneka artha dile Aheta, tyAta kheDegAva, nagara kiMvA rAjyAcyA pramukhAsahI, sthavira ase saMbodhale Ahe. zivAya dIkSAparyAyAne uttama asalelyA sAdhUlAhI, sthavira ase mhaTale Ahe. vara dilelyA dazavidhadharmAtIla 'kula', 'gaNa' ANi 'saMgha' yA tInahI zabdAMce artha, jainadharmAitakeca arthazAstrAcyA saMdarbhAtahI atizaya mahattvapUrNa TharatAta. (9) arthazAstrAcyA 20 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, 'aMta:purAtIla strIvargAne, 268

Page #278
muMDI athavA jaTila tApasAMcA ANi mAMtrika, gAruDI i.cA, saMparka kaTAkSAne TALAvA. ' yAbAbata nizIthasUtrAtIla ekA viziSTa niyamAce smaraNa hote. to niyama asA - arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna je bhikkhU rAyapiMDaM geNhai geNhaMtaM vA sAijjai parihAraTThANaM aNugghAiyaM / ( nizItha uddeza 9, pR. 181, byAvara ) taM sevamANe Avajjai cAummAsiyaM aMta:purAbAbatacI cANakyAcI kaDaka niyamAvalI lakSAta gheUna, jaina AcAryAMnI asAca sAmAnya niyama zodhUna kADhalA kI, 'itara nimittAne tara rAhUca dyA paNa bhikSA mAgaNyAsAThI suddhA rAjavADyAcyA AsapAsa jAU naye. ' brAhmaNa arthazAstrAcyA 15 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato, --zrotriya vagaLatA dusarI koNatIhI vyaktI, vArSika zrAddhAcyA prasaMgI bhojanAsa yogya nasate.' yA karaNA bahudhA nizIthasUtrAta sAdhUMsAThI, sarva prakAracyA agrapiMDAcA tyAga karAvayAsa sAMgitalA Ahe. (nizItha, uddeza 2, sUtra 32) TIkAkArAMnI agrapiMDa zabdAcA artha spaSTa karatAnA zrAddha bhojana, yajJakriyAbhojana, devatAprItyartha naivedya i. aneka goSTIMcA samAveza kelA Ahe. jaina tattvajJAnAcyA ANi AcArAcyA donhI dRSTIMnI, azA prakArace bhojana sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA kevhAhI kalpata nAhI. (10) abrunukasAnI karaNe ANi zivyAzApa deNe, yA aparAdhAMcA vicAra arthazAstrAcyA 75 vyA adhyAyAta kelA Ahe. doSI gunhegArAsa kArAvAsAcI athavA jabara 269

Page #279
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna daMDAcI zikSA ThoThAvalI Ahe. niMdA karaNe, tiraskArayukta bhASA vAparaNe, tveSAne aMgAvara dhAvUna jANe, ekhAdyAcA dharma-saMpradAya-jAta-vaMza-gotra athavA rASTra yAbaddala anudAra udgAra kADhaNe, ekhAdyAcyA javaLacyA nAtevAIkAMbaddala zivyAzApa deNe, hetupurassara TomaNe mAraNe, ekhAdyAlA tyAcyA vyavasAyAvarUna khijaviNe, niMdAvyaMjaka apazabda uccAraNe, zastra dAkhavUna dhamakAvaNe, hAta ugAraNe, aMgulinirdeza karUna ciDaviNe, ekhAdyAcyA zArIrika vyaMgAcA upahAsapUrvaka ullekha karaNe, ekhAdyAlA kuTuMba agara samAjAsamora lajjene mAna khAlI ghAlAvayAsa lAvaNe, ghaDUna gelelyA anucita kRtIMce samarthana karaNe ityAdi zekaDo udAharaNe yA bAbatIta dilI Aheta. gunhyAcyA svarUpAnusAra kamIjAsta pramANAta daMDa agara zArIrika zikSA dilyA Aheta. jaina sAdhuAcArAta 'bhASeSaNA' nAvAce svataMtra prakaraNa AcAraviSayaka graMthAta sAkSepAne noMdavilele disate. tyAtIla sarva goSTIMce arthazAstrAcyA 75 vyA adhyAyAzI asalele sAmya baghUna ApaNa kharokhara stimita hoto. AcArAMga (2), uttarAdhyayana ANi dazavaikAlika yA graMthAMta sAdhUMcyA saMdarbhAta bhASAsamiti ANi vacanaguptIcA vicAra atizaya sUkSmatene kelA Ahe. yAMcI bhASA ardhamAgadhI asalI tarI tyAcA Azaya mAtra arthazAstrAzI atizaya miLatAjuLatA Ahe. AcArAMgAta mhaTale Ahe kI, se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA --- tahappagAraM bhAsaM sAvajjaM sakiriyaM kakkasaM kaDuyaM NiThuraM pharusaM aNhayakariM cheyaNakariM bheyaNakari --- bhAsaM No bhAsijjA / (AcArAMga 2.4.1, pR.181-182, byAvara) 270

Page #280
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna arthAt arthazAstrApramANeca yethehI sAvadha, sakriya, karkaza, kaTuka, niSThura, paruSa, AsravakarI, chedanakarI ANi bhedanakarI azA bhASecA niSedha kelA Ahe. ___AcArAMga ANi dazavaikAlika dohoMtahI vizeSatvAne namUda kele Ahe kI, vyaktIcyA hIna sAmAjika darjAce pradarzana karaNAre niMdAvyaMjaka ANi apamAnAspada vacana koNAcyAhI saMbodhanAsAThI vAparU naye. jase - se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA --- No evaM vaijjA - hole tti, gole tti vA, vasule tti vA kupakkhe tti vA, ghaDadAse tti vA, sANe tti vA, teNe tti vA / (AcArAMga 2.4.1, pR.181-182, byAvara) dazavaikAlikAcyA 7.12 yA gAthevarUna asA bodha hoto kI, sAdhu-sAdhvIne koNAhI vyaktIcA kadhIhI tyAcyA zArIrika vyaMgAvarUna hiNavU naye. mhaTale Ahe kI, taheva kANaM kANe tti , paMDagaM paMDage tti vA / vAhiyaM vA vi rogi tti , teNaM coretti No vae / uttarAdhyayanAne ANakhI eka pAUla puDhe TAkUna ase mhaTale Ahe kI, koNatyAhI prakArace cAMgale athavA vAITa anna bhikSeta prApta jhAle tarI sAdhUne tyA annAcI stutI athavA niMdA karU naye. kAraNa tyAyoge garva ANi lajjA ase bhAva deNAr2yAmadhye kiMvA gheNAr2yAmadhye utpanna hotAta. (11) sarovara, nadI athavA samudra olAMDUna jANyAsaMbaMdhIce niyama arthazAstrAcyA 49 vyA adhyAyAta Ale Aheta. tyA adhyAyAce nAva Ahe 'nAvAdhyakSa'. kauTilyAne yA adhyAyAta hoDItUna athavA jahAjAtUna jalamArgAne pravAsa karaNyAviSayIce 271

Page #281
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna aneka niyama dile Aheta. baMdare, mAlAvarIla jakAta ANi kara taseca jalapravAsAce paravAne yAviSayI kauTilya vistArAne AcArasaMhitA namUda karato. to mhaNato, 'brAhmaNa, pASaMDI, bhikSu, lahAna mule, vRddha ANi AjArI mANase, garbhavatI striyA ANi rAjadUta yA sarvAMnA jalapravAsAce paravAne vinAmUlya dyAveta.' bhAvArtha asA kI, paravAnA bALagaNe sarvAMnA atyAvazyaka hote. kAhIMnA te 'sazulka' hote tara kAhIMnA te 'niHzulka' hote. jaina sAdhuAcArAcyA caukaTIta nAva agara jahAjAne kelelA pravAsa IryAsamitIcyA aMtargata yeto. nizIthasUtrAcyA 12 vyA uddezakAta hA viSaya vistArAne carcilA Ahe. tyAsAThI ekUNa 47 bhASyagAthA kharcI ghAtalyA Aheta. (gAthA kra.4208 te 4255) pAca mahAnadyAMcA ullekha vaiziSTyapUrNa Ahe. tetheca aMga, vaMga, kaliMga ANi paMjAba yA pradezAMce ullekha Aheta. nizIthabhASyAtIla varIla ullekhAvarUna ase disate kI, isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA-sahAvyA zatakAta jaina sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA naukene vihAra karaNe kalpata asAve. nizIthasUtra 3.12 madhye mhaTale Ahe kI, 'bhikSu - bhikSuNIMnA nadI olAMDaNe niSiddha nAhI. paraMtu jara ekA mahinyAta tyAMnI dona-tIna veLA jAsta nadI olAMDalI tara tyAMnA viziSTa upavAsa karaNyAce prAyazcitta ghyAve lAgela. ' samavAyAMgAcyA 21 vyA prakaraNAta mhaTale Ahe kI, sAdhu-sAdhvI mahinyAtUna ekadA nadI olAMDU zakatAta. nAvAgamanAce ullekha AcArAMga ANi uttarAdhyayanAta suddhA vipula pramANAta ADhaLatAta. ( AcArAMga 2.3.1, pR.156, byAvara; uttarAdhyayana 36.50 -54) chedasUtrAMcyA kALAta jarI sAdhUMsAThI jalamArgAne kelelA pravAsa niSiddha nasalA tarI sAMprata kALAta mAtra jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI kaTAkSAne 272

Page #282
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna pAyIca vihAra karatAta. nAvecA agara jahAjAcA vApara karIta nAhIta. sAdhuAcArAvarIla nirIkSaNe kauTilyAne arthazAstrAta namUda kelele vartanAce aneka kAyade ANi niyama jaina sAdhuAcArAta kauzalyAne guMphalele disatAta. AcArAMga (2) madhIla ATha eSaNAMvara najara TAkalI asatA ase disate kI, sAmAnya nAgarikazAstrAce prAya: sarva niyama sAdhu AcArAta yA nA tyA rUpAne samAviSTa kelele Aheta. rAjA kiMvA tyAMcyA ucca adhikAr2yAMzI hotA hoIto javaLikIce saMbaMdha TALale Aheta. jainetara sAdhuvargAzI udbhavaNAr2yA kalahaprasaMgAMnA bagala deNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. hera kiMvA dUta mhaNUna sAdhu-sAdhvIMnI rAjyAsAThI kAma karAve azI apekSA kauTilya vyakta karato. anekadA pASaNDAMcA veSa dhAraNa karUna heragirI karAvayAsa sAMgato. sAmAnyataH jaina sAdhuvarga kitIhI sAmopacArAne gheNArA asalA tarI yAbAbatIta mAtra tyAMnI taDajoDa kelelI disata nAhI. te itake vyavahArI Aheta kI hera, dUta kiMvA khabar2yA mhaNUna rAjAne athavA gaNAne jara tyAMcyAvara tyA kAmAcI baLajabarI kelI tara tyAMnA apavAdasvarUpa mAnUna prAyazcitAMmadhUnahI sUTa dilelI disate. kauTilyAcI nyAyabuddhI kitIhI mAnya kelI tarI he tathya mAtra svIkArAveca lAgate kI, zrotriya brAhmaNAviSayI tyAcyA bhAvanA mRdU Aheta. pASaNDAMviSayI mAtra tyAcyA bhAvanA kaThora Aheta. 273

Page #283
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna purohitavarga, vedavidyA, yajJakarma, atharvaveda, uJchavRttI, dakSiNA, AzramavAsI, devotsava, pitRkArya, zAMtikarma - yA ANi azA itara ullekhAMvarUna spaSTa disUna yete kI, to brAhmaNAbhimAnI Ahe. asA kauTilya Urpha cANakya kadApihI jaina zrAvaka athavA sAdhU banaNe zakya disata nAhI. tAtparya kAya tara, kauTilyAvara lAdalele jainatva nakkIca varavarace Ahe. sAdhu AcArAce vivaraNa karaNAr2yA jaina graMthAMta cANakyAviSayIcyA aneka AkhyAyikAMnA sthAna deUna, jaina AcAryAMnI tyAce kaDaka zAsana, ni:svArtha sevA, sarvasamAvezaka dRSTI ANi udAtta maraNAcA gaurava kelelA disato. arthazAstrAcyA 145 vyA adhyAyAta kauTilya mhaNato kI, 'cAturmAsAtIla viziSTa 15 divasa rAjyAta sarvatra pUrNa ahiMsece pAlana karAve.' kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA zevaTI paraMparene jI cANakyasUtre uddhRta karaNyAta yetAta, tyAta mhaTale Ahe kI, 'ahiMsAlakSaNo dharmaH'. kauTilyAcyA hyA vaizvika nItimUlyAtmaka dRSTImuLeca, jaina AcAryAMnA kauTilyAcyA vyaktimatvAviSayI akhaMDa AkarSaNa vATale asAve he nizcita ! 274

Page #284
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 275

Page #285
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 276

Page #286
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 277

Page #287
arthazAstrAcyA gavAkSAtUna 278

Page #288
prakaraNa 6 upasaMhAra 279

Page #289
280

Page #290
prakaraNa 6 upasaMhAra brAhmaNa athavA hiMdU paraMpareta citrita kelelyA cANakya Urpha kauTilyAcyA pArzvabhUmIvara ApaNa AttAparyaMta jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAcA suvistRta ADhAvA ghetalA. tyA tyA prakaraNAta tyA tyA ThikANI taulanika nirIkSaNehI atyaMta sAkSepAne noMdavilI. yA sarva zodhayAtremadhye aneka vicArataraMga manAta umaTUna gele. tyAmuLe vegavevagaLyA prakaraNAMmadhye ekatrita kelele vicAraunmeSa, zobhAdarzakAcA kona badalUna, punhA tyAca kAcA navyAne baghAvyAta tyApramANe upasaMhArAta noMdavile Aheta. yAmuLe jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAcI vaiziSTye soLA mudyAMcyA sahAyyAne punhA ekadA bharIvapaNe najareta bharatIla. (1) vividhAMgI paddhatIcA vApara

Page #291
upasaMhAra koNatyAhI ekA vastUkaDe, vyaktIkaDe athavA ghaTanekaDe ekAca dRSTikoNAtUna na baghatA, vividha aMgAMnI tyAvara prakAza TAkalA kI, eka vastusthitI prAmukhyAne najareta bharate. koNatIhI sad-vastU kUTastha nitya nasUna, kAhI aMzAMnI sthira tara kAhI aMzAMnI parivartanazIla asate. jaina paribhASeta yAlAca 'dravyatvAne sthira' ANi 'paryAyatvAne parivartanazIla' mAnale jAte. heca tathya saiddhAMtika dRSTIne 'anekAMtavAda' ase saMbodhale jAte. jainAMnI vizeSa vikasita kelele he paddhatizAstra, jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAlA lAvale tara te adhika anvarthaka hoIla, ase vATalyAmuLe azI vividhAMgI vicArapaddhatI he pustaka tayAra karIta asatAnA upayojita kelI. prathamataH hiMdU saMdarbha noMdavile. tyAnaMtara jaina saMdarbhApaikI zvetAMbara ANi digaMbara saMdarbha jase Aheta tase namUda kele. tyA sarvAMcI kAlakramAne juLaNI kelyAvara kathAbhAgAMmadhye kholavara zirUna, tyAMcA anvayArtha lAvaNyAcA prayatna kelA. bhASAMtara, anvayArtha ANi nirIkSaNe detAnA, taulanika dRSTikoNahI najareADa kelA nAhI. yAnaMtara sarva suTe suTe kathAbhAga ekatra karUna, tyAlA thoDI kalpanAramyatecI joDa deUna, salaga cANakyacaritra lihUna kADhale. tyAveLI phakta raMjakatA' hAca nikaSa DoLyAsamora ThevalA. cANakyAce salaga rekhIva caritra brAhmaNa paraMpareta upalabdha nasale tarI kauTilIya arthazAstra hI tyAcI ajarAmara kRtI upalabdha asalyAne, tI najaresamora ThevUna, punhA ekadA jaina sAhityAtIla cANakyAcA dhAMDoLA ghetalA. he karIta asatAnA teca jaina sAhitya punhA ekadA navyAne nikharUna najaresamora Ale. kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsa karatAnA, tyAtIla sUtrAMmadhye baddha asalelI arthazAstrIya ANi rAjanaitika tathye na pAhatA, tyAtIla sAmAjika, dhArmika ANi sAMskRtika tapazilAMvara adhika bhara dilA. yAcA phAyadA asA jhAlA kI, kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA abhyAsakAMnI Ajavara najaresa 282

Page #292
upasaMhAra ANUna na dilele, jaina paraMparetIla aneka duve sAMdhUna dAkhavatA Ale. sArAMza, abhyAsAcyA vividhAMgI paddhatIne jainAMcA cANakya tara samajalAca paraMtu kauTilIya arthazAstrAtIla kAhI bhAgahI jaina pariprekSyAta ulagaData gele. (2) arthazAstra ANi jaina sAhityAcA magadhAzI asalelA saMbaMdha __prAcIna bhAratAcA jJAta pramANita itihAsa mukhyata: magadha prAMtAzI saMbaMdhita Ahe. magadhAta jI kAhI sAhityanirmitI jhAlI tyAmadhye kauTilIya arthazAstra hA graMtha atizaya mahattvAcA mAnalA jAto. dvAdazavarSIya duSkALAnaMtara ardhamAgadhI AgamAMcI jI pahilI vAcanA jhAlI tI caMdragupta mauryAcyA rAjavaTIta pATaliputra yethe jhAlI, ase jaina itihAsAta noMdavilele Ahe. bhagavAna mahAvIrAMcyA pUrvI ANi naMtara hoUna gelelyA magadhAtIla rAjavaMzAMcA itihAsa jaina graMthAta sAkSepAne noMdavilelA Ahe. rAjA prasenajita-zreNika (biMbisAra)-koNika (ajAtazatrU)-udAyI-navanaMda-caMdragupta (maurya)-biMdusAra-azokakuNAla ANi samprati - azI vaMzAvalI tyAMcyA rAjavaTItIla aneka ghaTanAMsaha jaina kathAgraMtha ANi prabaMdhagraMthAMta namUda kelelI Ahe. navavyA naMdAcA amAtya jo zakaTAla to prakhyAta jaina AcArya je sthUlabhadra tyAMcA pitA hotA. sthUlabhadrAMcyA adhyakSatekhAlIla ardhamAgadhI AgamAMcI vAcanA pATaliputrAta jhAlI. yAca kAraNAne yA AgamAMmadhye pratibiMbita jhAlelI rAjanaitika, dhArmika, sAmAjika ANi sAMskRtika paristhitI sAhajikaca samakAlIna magadhAcyA itihAsAvara prakAza TAkate. (3) jainAMcyA prAcIna cANakyakathA prAkRtAta kA Aheta ? zramaNa paraMparecA udgama ANi vikAsa magadhAzI saMbaMdhita Ahe. prathamapAsUnaca zramaNa paraMparecA mukhya bhara janasAmAnyAMcyA bolIbhASevara asalelA disato. yAca kAraNAmuLe 283

Page #293
upasaMhAra bhagavAna buddhAMce upadeza pAlIbhASeta tara bhagavAna mahAvIrAMce upadeza ardhamAgadhI bhASeta ADhaLatAta. jaina AgamAMce prathama saMskaraNa pATaliputrAtaca hoNe anivArya Tharate. chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhUMnI sAdhuAcArAcI niyamAvalI dekhIla mauryAMcyAca rAjavaTIta lipibaddha kelI. mUlasUtre ANi AvazyakasUtrehI yA pradezAtaca vAraMvAra pariSkRta jhAlI. jainAMce prAraMbhika TIkAsAhitya ArSa prAkRtAta Ahe. AjUbAjUcyA vAtAvaraNAta pracalita asalelyA daMtakathA ANi AkhyAyikA veLoveLI yA TIkAsAhityAta samAviSTa hota rAhilyA. tyAveLI vAtAvaraNAta cANakyAviSayIcA bhItiyukta Adara ANi tyAcyA kaDaka anuzAsanAcI khyAtI pracalita hotI. jaina AcAryAMnI bhagavAna mahAvIrAMce bhASika anukaraNa karUna Apale sAhitya veLoveLI ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI ANi mahArASTrI yA prAkRta bhASAMmadhye zabdabaddha kele. maukhika paraMparene cAlata AlelA AkhyAyikAMcA khajinAhI tyAMnI prAkRtAta ANalA. ____ guNADhyAne paizAcI bhASeta lihilelI 'baDDakahA' jainAMnA bhASika sAmyAmuLe khUpa ApalIzI vATalI. tyAca dhartIvara tyAMnI 'vasudevahiMDI' yA mahAkAya kathAsaMgrahAcI nirmitI kelI. prAkRta bhASAMcyA evaDhyA sAr2yA pRSThabhUmIvara pAraMparika cANakyakathAhI kALAnusAra vADhata gelyA. veLoveLI tyA kalpanAvilAsAne ANi jainIkaraNAcyA pravRttImuLe vRddhiMgata hota rAhilyA. ApalyA TIkAsAhityAta jaina AcAryAMnI udAharaNAdAkhala cANakyakathAMcI kauzalyAne guMphaNa kelI. he jaina AcAryAMce yogadAna lakSaNIya mAnAve lAgate. ___ kauTilIya arthazAstrAta ADhaLUna yeNAr2yA saMkarita saMskRta zabdAMcA ANi dezI zabdAMcA zodha, jainAMcyA Avazyaka ANi nizIthacUrNIcyA AdhAre cAMgalyA prakAre ghetA yeto. 284

Page #294
upasaMhAra (4) jaina sAhityAtIla sarvAta prAcIna cANakyaviSayaka saMdarbha ___zvetAMbarAMcA 'anuyogadvAra' hA isavI sanAcyA pahilyA-dusar2yA zatakAtIla graMtha Ahe. zvetAMbara graMthAtIla cANakyaviSayaka sarvAta prAcIna ullekha anuyogadvArAta ADhaLato. cANakyAcA sarvAta junA digaMbara saMdarbha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' (i.sa.dusare-tisare zataka) yA graMthAta ADhaLato. donhIMmadhalyA saMdarbhAMce viSaya mAtra vegavegaLe Aheta. anuyogadvArAne kauTilyaka zAstrAlA 'mithyAzAstra' mhaTale Ahe. tara digaMbarAMnI ApalyA pahilyAca saMdarbhAta cANakyAcyA dhIrodAtta svecchAmaraNAbAbata tyAcI stutI kelI Ahe. anuyogadvArAmuLe kauTilyAcyA ajaina asaNyAvara spaSTa prakAza paDato tara bhagavatI-ArAdhanA cANakyAcyA nirlipta nirAsakta jIvanAvara bolake bhASya karate. (5) naMdIkArAcI arthazAstrAkaDe pAhaNyAcI dRSTI naMdIkAra devavAcakagaNIMnI anuyogadvArApekSA eka pAUla puDhe TAkale. mithyAzrutAMcI gaNanA kelyAnaMtara akherIsa te mhaNatAta kI, 'jara ApalA dRSTikoNa yathAyogya arthAt samyak asela tara mithyAzruta suddhA samyak-zruta TharU zakate.' devavAcakagaNIMnI hI dhAraNA spaSTa kelyAnaMtara isavI sanAcyA sahAvyA-sAtavyA zatakAta ANi tyAnaMtara lihilelyA jaina sAhityAta tyAcI yogya pratikriyA umaTU lAgalI. jaina paraMpareta kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA abhyAsa hoU lAgalA ANi TIkAsAhityAtahI cANakyaviSayaka kathAMnA ANi dRSTAMtAMnA vAva miLU lAgalA. yA badalatyA dRSTikoNAce phalasvarUpa mhaNUna jainAMnI jaina mahArASTrI, jaina zaurasenI ANi saMskRta sAhityAta cANakyakathA cAMgalyAca japalyA. (6) zvetAMbara sAhityAta cANakya-saMdarbhAcA kamI-adhika vistAra upalabdha zvetAMbara sAhityAta sumAre 50 cANakyaviSayaka saMdarbha miLAle. kAhI 285

Page #295
upasaMhAra ThikANI nusatA nAmanirdeza disalA. kAhIMnI dona-tIna oLIta ekhAdAca prasaMga citrita kelelA disalA. cUrNImadhye kAhI ThikANI prAkRta gadyAta salaga caritra tara kAhI ThikANI suTe prasaMga disale. upadezapadaTIketa ANi upadezamAlATIketa 200-250 prAkRta gAthAMmadhye saMpUrNa cANakyacaritra ADhaLale. hemacaMdrAne akherIsa saMskRtAta cANakyakathece saMpUrNa saMkalana rasALa paddhatIne kelele disale. zvetAMbarAMnI caDhatyA kramAne japalelA hA cANakyAcA Alekha abhyAsakAsa khUpaca raMjaka vATato. (7) zvetAMbara ANi digaMbara cANakya : eka taulanika dRSTikSepa digaMbarAMnI cANakyAcA Adara mukhyata: tyAcyA dhIragaMbhIra svecchAmaraNAmuLe kelelA disato. saMdarbhAMcI saMkhyA pAhatA, zvetAMbarAMcyA tulaneta digaMbara saMdarbha eka tRtIyAMza Aheta. cANakyAce caritra raMgavitAnA digaMbarAMnI caMdragupta mauryAcyA caritrAkaDe javaLajavaLa durlakSa kelele disate. te cANakyAlA 'rAjarSi' mhaNaNe pasaMta karatAta. aMtimata: tyAlA munidIkSA deUna, 500 sAdhUMcyA saMghAsaha dakSiNApathAsa pAThavitAta. zvetAMbara sAhityAta cANakyakathAMcI kramAne vRddhI jhAlelI disate tara digaMbarAMvara hariSeNAcyA cANakyamunikathecA pUrNa prabhAva disato. digaMbara AcArya zrIcaMdrAcA, apabhraMza kathAkoSAtIla cANakya, hariSeNAcyA cANakyApekSA adhika vAstavika ANi tarkasusaMgata vATato. hariSeNAne raMgavilelA jaladurgAcA prasaMga yathAyogya vATata nAhI. tyAcyA caritrAta cANakya ANi caMdraguptAcyA parAkramAvara ANi rAjanaitika kauzalyAMvara bhara dilelA disata nAhI. cANakyamunIMce krauMcapurAsa jhAlele gamana he eka moThe koDeca vATate. to janmAne dAkSiNAtya asalyAce sUcanahI tyAtUna hote. zvetAMbara ullekhAMmadhIla 'golla'deza hA kharokharaca godAvarIcyA kinAr2yAvarIla asela tara 286

Page #296
upasaMhAra tyAne aMtima prasaMgI janmagAvI yeNe svAbhAvikahI vATU zakate. gelyA zatakAta arthazAstrAcI sApaDalelI pahilI hastalikhite tamiLa ANi malyALam lipIta asalyAmuLe yA zaMkesa thoDA dujorAhI miLato. paraMtu cANakyAcA mRtyU pATaliputrAjavaLIla 'gokuLa' sthAnAta jhAlA, yAbAbata zvetAMbarAMce ekamata disate. (8) zvetAMbara sAhityAtIla cANakyakathAMcI vividhatA varIla mudyAta mhaTalyApramANe, hariSeNAne lihilelI cANakyamunikathA digaMbarAMnI atizaya pramANita mAnalelI disate. tyA tulanene zvetAMbarAMnI kelelI cANakyAcI mAMDaNI vegavegaLyA aMgAMnI kelelI disate. zvetAMbara sAhityika vividha saMdarbhAMcyA anuSaMgAne cANakyakathAMcI ANi prasaMgAMcI nirmitI karaNyAsAThI khUpaca utsAhita disatAta. kadhI te tyAlA sarvotkaSTa anubhavasiddha buddhIcA Adarza mAnatAta. vividha yuktyAMnI rAjakoSa bharaNyAcyA tyAcyA kauzalyAcI tArIpha karatAta. Adarza guruziSyAce udAharaNa mhaNUna ni:saMdigdhapaNe cANakya-caMdraguptAcI kathA lihitAta. tyAcyA kaThora niyamAvalIMcI ANi anuzAsanAcI jinAMcyA AjJebarobara tulanA karatAta. sArAMza, zvetAMbarAMcA cANakya khUpaca AkarSaka bhAsato. (9) jaina cANakyakathAMmadhIla aitihAsikatA prathamata: he mAnyaca karAve lAgela kI, jainAMcyA cANakyakathAMbAbata saMpUrNa aitihAsikatecA dAvA karatA yeta nAhI. yA kathAMce citraNa dona prakAre kelele disate. janazrutIne cAlata AlelyA daMtakathA tara tyAMnI noMdavilyA Ahetaca paraMtu kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA bArakAIne abhyAsa karUna, tyAtIla sakasa kathAbIjehI cANakyakathAMnA 287

Page #297
upasaMhAra tarkasusaMgatapaNe upayojita kelI Aheta. tyA kathAMmadhale sAmAjika ANi sAMskRtika jIvana arthazAstrAzI itake miLatejuLate Ahe kI, jaina sAhityikAMcyA kalpanAvilAsAce AviSkAra', ase mhaNUna tyAMcyAkaDe durlakSa karatA yeNAra nAhI. (10) arthazAstra : jaina AcArAvalIcA mUlasrota AjacyA nAgarikazAstrAcyA dRSTIne, arthazAstrAtIla lakSaNIya bhAga Ahe to mhaNaje niyama, gunhe, niyamabhaMga ANi tyAMnA dilelyA zikSAMcA. yA pArzvabhUmIvara jaina AcArAtIla niyamAvalIcA sUkSmatene abhyAsa kelA tara ase disate kI, cANakyAne sarva prajesAThI ghAlUna dilele he niyama jainAMcyA sAdhuAcArAta ANi gRhasthAcArAta kauzalyAne guMphalele Aheta. vizeSata: arthazAstrAtIla vaizyaviSayaka niyamAvalI ANi jaina gRhasthAMsAThI noMdavilele aNuvratAMce aticAra yAtIla sAmya thakka karaNAre Ahe. ___zvetAMbara aMgagraMtha ANi mUlasUtre yAtIla sAdhuAcAra mukhyata: vidhAnAtmaka Ahe. pahile bhadrabAhu he cANakyAlA javaLajavaLa samakAlIna asalyAmuLe tyAMnI sAdhuAcArAtIla aticAra ANi tyAbaddalacI tapasyAtmaka prAyazcitte ApalyA chedasUtrAta joDalelI Aheta. naMtaracyA kALAta he atyAvazyaka mAnale gele kI sAdhusaMtAMce nAyakatva karaNAr2yA AcAryAMnI chedasUtrAMcA ANi prAyazcittAMcA abhyAsa kelAca pAhije. zevaTI eka nirIkSaNa noMdavAvese vATate kI, cANakyAcyA AjJAvalIMnI pariSkRta jhAlelA jaina sAdhuAcAra ANi gRhasthAcAra zatakAnuzatake toca rAhilA Ahe. yAulaTa brAhmaNa paraMparetIla gRhasthAzrama ANi saMnyAsAzramAMce varNana mAtra veLoveLI parivartita ANi parivardhita jhAlele disate. (11) cANakya ANi tyAcyA arthazAstrAkaDe pAhaNyAcA dRSTikoNa 'arthazAstra' hA graMtha brAhmaNa paraMparetIla Ahe yAbAbata kAhIca vAda nAhI. tulanene 288

Page #298
upasaMhAra barAca udAramatavAdI, dhArmikatecyA palIkaDe neNArA ANi zuddha rAjanItIcI carcA karaNArA asA hA graMtha Ahe. cANakyAcA hA udAramatavAda naMtaracyA dharmazAstrakArAMnA ANi vizeSata: smRtikArAMnA phArasA pasaMta paDalelA nasAvA. pariNAmI jyAveLI cANakyAviSayIcA AdarabhAva hiMdU paraMparetUna lopa pAvata cAlalA hotA, tyAca veLI jaina sAhityAtUna cANakyAviSayIcI AdaraNIyatA adhikAdhika vRddhiMgata hota hotI. brAhmaNa paraMparene arthazAstrAce hastalikhita brAhmI, zAradA athavA graMthalipIta japaNyAcI dakSatA ghetalI nAhI. jainAMnI mAtra navanavyA AkhyAyikAMcI racanA karUna cANakyAcyA alaukika buddhimattece guNagrahaNa kele ANi te prAkRta ANi saMskRta bhASAMmadhye devanAgarI lipIta baddha karUna Thevale. (12) arthazAstrAce jaina saMskaraNa digaMbara AcArya somadevasUrIMnI lihilelA 'nItivAkyAmRta' hA graMtha mhaNaje jaNU kAhI jaina paraMparene cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAlA ANi zAstrakartRtvAlA vAhilelI AdarAMjalIca Ahe. somadevAne nItimUlyAMvara AdhArita azI eka samAna AcArasaMhitA arthazAstrAcyA sahAyyAne tayAra kelI. AjahI rAjanaitika graMthAMcyA abhyAsAta nItivAkyAmRtAce sthAna aDhaLa Ahe. ApalyA 'yazastilakacampU' nAmaka graMthAta pAraMparika paddhatIne jaina zrAvakAcAra noMdaviNAr2yA somadevAne, moThyAca dhADasAne sarva mAnavajAtIsAThI mhaNUna nItivAkyAmRtAta aneka vaizvika mUlye adhorekhita kelI Aheta. (13) cANakyAcyA jIvanAtIla vividha prasaMga hiMdU purANAMmadhye magadhAcyA rAjavaMzAMce varNana vistArAne yete. cANakyAcA vRttAMta atizaya troTaka Ahe. purANe ANi kathAsaritsAgarAta cANakyAcI mukhyataH ekaca kathA 289

Page #299
upasaMhAra anuvRtta kelelI disate. cANakyAcA naMdAcyA darabArAta jhAlelA apamAna ANi tyAne zeMDI soDUna kelelI pratijJA, yAlAca hiMdU paraMpareta vizeSa adhorekhita kele Ahe. kathAsaritsAgarAta naMdavaMzAcyA nAzAsAThI cANakyAne kelelyA abhicArakriyelAca vizeSa mahattva dile Ahe. cANakyAcI buddhimattA, rAjanItItIla kauzalya ANi parAkrama yA kazAceca darzana tyAtUna hota nAhI. cANakyAcA janma, mRtyU ANi AyuSyAtIla vividha ghaTanAMvara hiMdU paraMparA prakAza TAkIta nAhI. tyA mAnAne mudrArAkSasa nATakAtUna vizAkhadattAne tyAcI buddhimattA ANi rAjanaitika kauzalya vizeSatvAne raMgavile Ahe. tarIhI saMpUrNa nATaka 'amAtyarAkSasAlA anukUla karUna gheNyAcyA ghaTanebhovatIca satata phirata Thevale Ahe. mudrArAkSasAne 'kauTilya: kuTilamati:' hA vAkpracAra mAtra atizaya lokapriya kelA. cANakyAcyA mAhitIbAbAta jaina sAhityAcI vizeSataH zvetAMbarAMcI sthitI mAtra pUrNa vegaLI Ahe. cANakyAce mAtA-pitA-janmasthAna-bAlapaNAce prasaMga-bAlakAce bhaviSya-zikSaNa-vivAha-pATaliputrAsa gamana-naMdAkaDUna apamAna-yogya vyaktIcA zodhacaMdraguptAzI bheTa-caMdraguptAsa gheUna bhramaNa-maulyavAna dhAtUMcA zodha-parvatakAzI maitrImagadha sAmrAjyAcI prAptI-parvatakAcA kapaTAne kelelA vadha-rAjyaciMtA va rAjyavyavasthArAjyakoSa samRddha karaNe-tyAcI kaDaka AjJApatre va daMDapaddhatI-caMdraguptAcA mRtyU-rAjA biMdusArAkaDUna avahelanA-tyAcA svecchAmaraNAcA nirNaya-gokulagrAmAmadhye gamana-tyAce dhyAnastha hoNe-subaMdhUcyA dvArA dahana-maraNAcA zAMtapaNe svIkAra ANi tatpUrvI subaMdhUvara ghetalelA sUDa- yA sarva ghaTanA hemacaMdrAne pariziSTaparvAta saMkalita kelyA Aheta. hariSeNAnehI digaMbarAMnA mAnya asalele cANakyacaritra noMdavile Ahe. hiMdU ANi jaina paraMparene raMgavilelyA cANakyAtIla taphAvata yAtUna sahaja dRSTotpattIsa 290

Page #300
upasaMhAra yete. jainAMnI japalelyA cANakyAcI thoravI yAneca siddha hote. yAca kAraNAne prastuta pustakAce zIrSaka Ahe - "cANakyAviSayI navIna kAhI..." (14) zaMkAnirasanAsAThI jaina saMdarbhAMcI upayuktatA kauTilIya arthazAstrAcyA pahilyA hastalikhita pratIcyA zodhAnaMtara prAcyavidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI caMdragupta, cANakya ANi arthazAstra yAsaMbaMdhI vAdavivAdAce aneka mudde upasthita kele. jaina sAhityAtIla cANakyAce samagra darzana ghetale kI, tyAtIla aneka zaMkAMnA atizaya muddesUda uttare miLatAta. cANakya ANi caMdragupta maurya, yA donhIhI aitihAsika vyaktirekhA Aheta. cANakyAne puDhAkAra gheUna kelelyA caMdragupta mauryAcyA rAjyAbhiSekAce acUka varSa pariziSTaparvAta noMdavile Ahe. 'cANakya, 'kauTilya' ANi 'viSNugupta', hI tInahI ekAca vyaktIcI nAve Aheta. bahudhA 'viSNugupta' he tyAce janmanAma; 'cANakya' he tyAce grAmanAma ANi 'kauTilya' he tyAce vizeSaNa asAve. nAlaMdA vidyApIThAta prAcIna bhAratIya zikSaNAcA jo abhyAsakrama hotA tyAta kauTilIya arthazAstrAcA samAveza nizcitapaNe kelelA hotA. Aja upalabdha asalele 'arthazAstra' he kauTilyAcyA nAvAne uttaravartI kALAta kelele saMkalana nasUna, 'cANakya' nAvAcyA khar2yAkhur2yA vyaktIne, ApalyA anubhavAMcI bhara ghAlUna, pUrvasUrIMcyA vicArAMce dhana tyAcyA buddhimattecA paripAka mhaNUna, arthazAstrAcyA rUpAne, samagra bhAratIyAMsAThI sAdara kele Ahe. kadAcit kAhI thoDA bhAga tyAta prakSipta asU zakela. paraMtu mukhya gAbhA cANakyAcAca Ahe. 291

Page #301
upasaMhAra cANakya ANi caMdragupta yAMcI joDI Adarza guruziSyAMcI joDI asUna, cANakya kharokharaca caMdraguptAcA hitaiSI, mArgadarzaka ANi tattvajJa hotA. (15) zrAvaka cANakya ANi cANakyamuni : jaina sAhityikAMcI eka vizeSa pravRttI tyAMcyA sAhityAtUna dRSTotpattIsa yete. je je mhaNUna utkRSTa, AkarSaka ANi lakSaNIya asela tyA tyA sarvAMce kamIadhika jainIkaraNa kelyAzivAya tyAMcI dharmabuddhI jaNU kAhI zAMtaca hota nAhI. covIsa tIrthaMkarAMpAsUna surU jhAlelI zalAkApuruSAMcI yAdI uttaravartI jaina sAhityikAMnI haLUhaLU 105 va tyAhUnahI adhika zalAkApuruSAMparyaMta pohocavalelI disate. yAca mAnasikatetUna jainAMnI cANakyAlAhI 'jaina' mhaTale Ahe. zvetAMbarAMnI tyAlA 'zrAvaka' mhaNUna raMgavile Ahe tara digaMbarAMnI jainadIkSA grahaNa karAyalA lAvUna 500 sAdhUMce pramukha banavile Ahe. kauTilIya arthazAstrAtUna pratIta hoNArA cANakyAcA bhikSuviSayaka dRSTikoNa lakSAta ghetA, tyAne svataH jainadIkSA gheNe, sarvathA asaMbhavanIya vATate. 'micchAmi dukkaDam' hI pAraMparika jaina padAvalI cANakyAcyA toMDUna baLeca vadavUna ghetalI Ahe. arthazAstrAta sarva avaidikAMnA to 'parapASaNDa' ase mhaNata asatAnA tyAcyA toMDUna parapASaNDAMcI mhaNaje vaidikAMcI niMdA karavUna ghetalI Ahe. tyAne zAMta cittavRttIne samAdhistha hoUna, svIkAralelyA svecchAmaraNAlA 'saMlekhanA ' athavA 'saMthAr2yAce' svarUpa dile Ahe. itake sAre prayatna karUnahI, cANakyAce brAhmaNatva ANi vedAbhimAna lapUna rAhAta nAhIca. arthazAstrAtUna tara to ughaDaughaDa vyakta hoto. tarIhI cANakyAce vyaktimatva ANi kartRtva jainAMnI jyA jANivene ANi kasozIne japale tyAkhAtara evaDhe jainIkaraNa 292

Page #302
upasaMhAra ApaNa kSamya mAnAvayAsa harakata nAhI. tyAlA samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa' asehI saMbodhatA yeIla. (16) jainAMnI cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAlA dilelA pUrNa nyAya jaina sAhityAta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA cANakyAcyA vyaktimatvAcA samagratene vicAra karU lAgalyAvara, ApalyA DoLyAsamora tyAce viziSTa vyaktimatva tyAcyA aMgabhUta guNAMnI jhaLakU lAgate. tyAcA nirAsakta, kalyANakArI dRSTikoNa - vaiyaktika jIvanAtIla nisvArthatA - bahudhA saMtAna nasalyAmuLe adhikaca TokadAra jhAlelI aparigrahI vRttI - samAjAviSayIcI udAramatavAdI ANi vyAvahArika dRSTI dharmAcyA joDIneca tyAne artha ANi kAma yA puruSArthAMnA dilele mahattva - kUTanItIvara AdhAralelI asUnahI prajAsukhe sukhaM rAjJaH' yA prajAhitaiSI sUtrAvara cAlaNArI tyAcI rAjanIti - atizrImaMtavargAcA paisA janasAmAnyAMsAThI apaharaNa karaNyAce tyAce kauzalya - iMgita ANi AkAra yAMcyA sahAyyAne manuSyasvabhAvAce acUka parIkSaNa karaNArA eka mAnasazAstrajJa - grAmINa ANi nAgarI dohoMcyAhI samAna vikAsAsAThI jhaTaNArA eka rASTrapremI ANi akherIsa pUrvaprApta pAraMparika jJAna ANi svAnubhava yAtUna ajoDa rAjanaitika graMtha lihiNArA eka vyAsaMgI paMDita - evaDhyA sAr2yA guNavizeSAMcyA pailUMnI jhaLakaNArA hA cANakya, jainAMcyA kathA - caritrAtUna atizaya samarthapaNe sAkAra jhAlA Ahe. mhaNUnaca saMdarbha june asUnahI yA pustakAtUna cANakyAviSayIcI mAhitI navyAne miLate.

Page #303
upasaMhAra 294

Page #304
akherace dona zabda ..... yA prakalpAcyA nimittAne, jaina sAhityAtIla cANakya sUkSmatene abhyAsalA. sarvAMcyA manAta asalele cANakyAce vyaktimatva, tyAmuLe adhikaca pariSkRta hoUna puDhe Ale. paraMtu he tathya kevaLa cANakyApurateca maryAdita ThevUna cAlaNAra nAhI. bhAratAcyA prAcIna itihAsAtIla aneka vyaktimatve ANi ghaTanAMcAhI, jaina sAhityAta dhAMDoLA ghetalA tara, kitItarI navyA goSTI adhikAdhika samRddhatene puDhe yetIla. ekAca bhAratIya mAtIta rujalelyA brAhmaNa ANi zramaNa paraMparAMcA abhyAsa, tuTakapaNe na karatA, hAtAta hAta ghAlUna kelA tara bhAratIya saMskRtIce adhikAdhika yathArtha citra samora yeNyAsa nakkIca madata hoIla. 295

Page #305
296

Page #306
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI

Page #307
298

Page #308
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 1. aNuogaddArAI : AryarakSita, saM. puNyavijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, ___ muMbaI, 1968. 2. anuyogadvAra-sUtra : saM.nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2012. abhidhAna-cintAmaNi- : hemacaMdra, zrI jainasAhityavardhaka sabhA, nAmamAlA ahamadAbAda, vi.saM.2032. AcArAMgasUtra : anu. amalokaRSijI, saM.paM. zobhAcandra (bhAga 1,2) bhArilla, zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA (mahArASTra)2006 AcArAMga-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma (bhAga 1,2) jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2010. 6. AcArAMga-cUrNi : samyak jJAnabhAMDAra, rAvaTI jodhapura, RSabhadeva kesarImala peDhI, ratalAma. AcArAMga-TIkA : zIlAMka, Agamodayasamiti mehasAnA, 1916. ArAdhanA-patAkA : paiNNayasuttAiM (bhAga 1,2) mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, 1987. 9. Arya : vasaMta paTavardhana, vizvakarmA sAhityAlaya, puNe 1980. 10. Avazyaka-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2011. 11. Avazyaka-sUtra-cUrNi : jinadAsagaNi, zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI (pUrvabhAga, uttarabhAga) zvetAMbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1928, 1929. 12. Avazyaka-TIkA : haribhadra, Agamodayasamiti, mehasAnA, 1916. 299

Page #309
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI (pUrvabhAga, uttarabhAga) 13. oghaniyukti (vRttisahita) 14. uttarajjhayaNANi 15. uttarAdhyayana-sUtra (bhAga 1, 2) 16. upadezapada - TIkA 17. upadezamAlA - TIkA 18. upAsakadasAMga - sUtra 19. kathAkoSaprakaraNa 20. kathAsaritsAgara (prathamakhaMDa) 21. kahAko 22. kAmaMdakIya nItisAra 23. kuvalayamAlA 24. kauTilIya arthazAstra (pUrvArdha, uttarArdha) 25. gommaTasAra 26. (jIvakAMDa-karmakAMDa) jinaratnako 27. jugAijiNiMdacariya 300 : : : : byAvara, 2010. : haribhadra, TI. municaMdra, zrI manmuktikamalajainamohanajJAnamandiram, vaDodarA, 1925. dharmadAsagaNi, saM. hemasAgarasUri, dhanajIbhAI devacaMdra jhaverI, muMbaI, 1958. : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2012. : jinezvarasUri, saM. jinavijayamuni, siMghI jainazAstra vidyApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, muMbaI, 1949. anu. kedAranAtha zarmA, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1960. : zrIcaMdra, saM. hirAlAla jaina, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, ahamadAbAda, 1969. khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa, muMbaI, zake 1874. udyotanasUri, saM. e. en. upAdhye, siMghI jainazAstra vidyApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, muMbaI, 1959. ba.rA.hivaragAMvakara, prastAvanA : durgA bhAgavata, 'varadA', senApatI bApaTa mArga, puNe, 1988. nemicaMdra, je. el. jainI, lakhanau, 1927. : : : : : droNAcArya, Agamodayasamiti, mehasAnA, 1919. : jaina-vizva-bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1997. saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, ec.DI.velaNakara, bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana saMsthA, puNe, 1944. : vardhamAnasUri, saM. rUpendrakumAra pagAriyA, lAlabhAI

Page #310
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI dalapatabhAI bhAratI saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1987. 28. jJAtAdharmakathA-TIkA : abhayadevasUri, rAmacaMdra yezu zeDage, Agamodayasamiti, nirNayasAgara presa, 1919. 29. tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti, sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 2007. 30. trilokaprajJapti : yativRSabha, e.en.upAdhye, jaina saMskRta saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1943. 31. dazavaikAlika-sUtra : anu. ghevaracaMdajI bAMThiyA, akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 1983. 32. dazavaikAlika-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, pArasamala caNDAliyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2011. 33. dazavaikAlika-cUrNi : jinadAsagaNi, zrI RSabhadevajI ke zarImalajI zvetAmbarasaMsthA, indaura, 1933. 34. dazavaikAlika : zayyaMbhava, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, ahamadAbAda, (niyukti, cUrNisahita) 1973. 35. dharmopadezamAlA-vivaraNa : jayasiMhasUri, saM. jinavijaya, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI, 1949. 36. dhUrtAkhyAna : haribhadra, saM. jinavijaya, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, muMbaI, 1944. 37. naMdIsUtra : pArasakumAra, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2011. 38. naMdIsUtra-TIkA : malayagiri, Agamodayasamiti, muMbaI, 1924. 39. niyukti-saMgraha : bhadrabAhu, saM. vijayajineMdra, harSapuSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA, zAMtipurI (saurASTra), 1989. 40. nizIthasUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2009. 41. nizIthasUtra-cUrNi : jinadAsagaNimahattara, saM. amaramuni, muni (bhAga 1,2,3,4) kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, kanha 301

Page #311
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 1982. 42. nItivAkyAmRta : somadevasUri, saM. pannAlAla sonI, mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, 1923. 43. pariziSTaparva : hemacaMdra, zrI jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1911. 44. piNDaniyukti : bhadrabAhu, devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, (tathA piNDaniyuktibhASya) sUrata, 1958. 45. puNyAzrava-kathAkoSa : rAmacaMdramumukSu, hiMdIbhASATIkA, paM. daulatarAmajI kAzalIvAla, hiMdI graMtharatna bhAMDAra, giragAva, muMbaI, 4. 46. praznavyAkaraNa-sUtra : anu. ratanalAla DozI, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2011. 47. bRhatkathAkoza : hariSeNa, saM. DaoN.e.en.upAdhye, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, muMbaI, 1943. 48. bRhatkathAmaJjarI : kSemendra, nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1931. 49. bhagavatI ArAdhanA : zivakoTi, deveMdrakIrti, digaMbara jainagraMthamAlA, kAraMjA, 1935. 50. bhadrabAhu-cANakya- : raidhU, saM. rAjArAma jaina, zrI gaNeza varNI, digaMbara candragupta-kathAnaka jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1982. bhAratIya saMskRti meM : DaoN. hirAlAla jaina, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya jainadharma kA yogadAna pariSada, bhopAla, 1962 52. Magadhan Literature : MM. Haraprasad Sastry, Sri Satguru Pub lication, Delhi, 1986. 53. matsyapurANa : DaoN. zraddhA zuklA, nAga pablizarsa, 2004. 54. mudrArAkSasa :: vizAkhadatta, anu. govinda kezava bhaTa, mahArASTra rAjya sAhitya-saMskRti maMDaLa, muMbaI, 1974. 55. mUlAcAra : vaTTakera, saM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1984. 302

Page #312
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 60. vyavahArAlA 56. vAyupurANa : saM. zrIrAma zarmA, saMskRti-saMsthAna, barelI (u.pra.), 1997. 57. vividhatIrthakalpa : jinaprabha, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, zAMtiniketana (baMgAla), 1934. 58. vizeSAvazyakabhASya : maladhAri hemacaMdra, zahA harakhacaMda bhUrabhAI, banArasa, vI.saM. 2441. 59. viSNupurANa : saM. zrIrAma zarmA, saMskRti-saMsthAna, barelI (u.pra.), 1997. : malayagiri, vRttisahita, trikamalAla ugaracandra, (prathama bhAga) taliyAnI pola, ahamadAbAda, 1928. 61. vyavahAra-bhASya : vAcanApramukha-tulasI, saM. mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanau, 1997. 62. saMkSipta-taraMgavatI- : saM. bhAyANI, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya kathA (taraMgalolA) saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1979. 63. samavAyAMga-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2009. 64. samavAyAMga-TIkA : abhayadevasUri, Agamodayasamiti, mehasAnA, 1918. 65. sukhabodhA-TIkA : nemicaMdra, zeTha puSpacaMdra khemacaMdra, ahamadAbAda, nirNayasAgara mudraNAlaya, 1937. 66. sUtrakRtAMga-sUtra : anu. amolakaRSi, zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA, 2002. 67. sUtrakRtAMga-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma (prathama, dvitIya zrutaskandha) jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2009, 2012. 68. sUtrakRtAMga-niyukti- : bhadrabAhU, puNyavijaya, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, cUrNisahita ahamadAbAda, 1975. 69. skandamahApurANa : gopAla priMTiMga varksa, kalakattA, 1962. 303

Page #313
saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI (paJcamo bhAga:) (uttarArdham) 70. sthAnAMga-sUtra : saM. nemIcanda bAMThiyA, zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara, 2010, 2011. 71. sthAnAMga-TIkA : abhayadeva, veNicaMdra sUracaMdra, Agamodayasamiti, nirNayasAgara mudraNAlaya, 1918. 304

Page #314
DaoN. nalinI jozI yA prAkRta ANi jainavidyecyA kSetrAta gelI 28 varSe kAryarata asUna, tyA - * bhAMDArakara-prAcya-vidyA saMstheta surU asalelyA prAkRta iMgrajI mahAzabdakoSAta mukhya-saMpAdakatvAcA kAryabhAra sAMbhALata Aheta. prAkRta-jainavidyece adhyApana, saMzodhana karaNAr2yA sanmatitIrtha saMsthecyA mAnada nidezaka Aheta. sAvitrIbAI phule puNe vidyApIThAta tyAMnI 2007 te 2014 | paryaMta jaina adhyAsanAta prAdhyApikA mhaNUna kAma kele ANi adhyAsanAtarphe 10 darjedAra prakAzane kADhalI. pUrNa bhAratAtIla aneka vidyApIThAta ANi jaina saMsthAMmadhye sumAre 20 zodhanibaMdha sAdara kele. * vRttapatrIya staMbhalekhana, lokapriya vyAkhyAne ANi AkAzavANIvara pradIrgha kAryakramamAlikA hI tyAMcI ajUna kAhI vaiziSTye ! veLoveLI tyAMnA AttAparyaMta aneka puraskArAMnI sanmAnita karaNyAta Ale Ahe. * vidyArthyAMnA aneka aMgAMnI vicArapravRtta karUna sarvadharmasahiSNu banaviNe, he tyAMcyA rasALa adhyApanAce uddiSTa rAhilele Ahe.