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VIVEKACŪDAMAŅI
oneself with them as perceived in the feeling that one is sad or happy when they are sad or happy.
harşaviśādaśūnyatvam: always and permanently possessing an equanimous mind free from joy or sorrow in the face of whatever happens, whether favourable or otherwise.
bhaktiḥ: unwavering and exclusive devotion to Me who is the inner ātman born of the conviction: 'I am the Lord Vāsudeva', acquired by concentrated yogic practices resulting in a state of samādhi which does not refer to anything separate from one's self.
viviktadeśasevitvam and aratirjanasamsadi: residing in a place which is pure and producing calmness in the mind and non-attachment to the assembly of people given to sense-pleasures.
adhyātmajñānanityatvam: Being firmly established in adyātmajñāna which means the knowledge with reference to the ātman distinguishing it from the anātman. It means constantly analysing the sinficance of what corresponds to 'Thou' (in the mahāvākya: That thou art). For, the purport of a sentence is understood only when the meaning of the words used in it is understood properly.
tattvajñānārthadarśanam: darśana or alocana, i.e. contemplation of moksa which is the artha or fruit of tattvajñāna, the knowledge of the Supreme Truth is the form of the knowledge of the meaning of sentences. The idea is that it is only by contemplating on the fruit of tattvajñāna will the effort to realise it arise.
Though ahimsā which is a constituent of yama, and sauca which is included in the niyamas have been dealt with, yet later when reference is made to 'niyamā yamadyāḥ': niyama, yama etc., what is more than these is to be understood.
niyamāh: The Yoga Sūtra says: saucasantoșatapassvādhyāyesvarapraņidhānāni niyamāh: . "Cleanliness, satisfaction or peacefulness, austerities, scriptural studies and propitiation of God are niyamas." Śauca etc. are called niyamas because they are checking and directing means. By reversing one from kāmya-dharmas which are causes of birth, they direct one towards niskāma-dharma which is the means to liberation. These five are now explained.
śauca: already explained. santoșaḥ: being pleased with whatever benefit accrues.
tapaḥ: disciplining the body. Vide Yoga Yājñavalkya Smrti: vidhinoktena mārgeņa krechracāndrāyaṇādibhiḥ; sariraśoşanam
