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Niyamasāra
नियमसार
EXPLANATORY NOTE
The natural-qualities (svabhāva-guna) of the matter (pudgala) manifest in the atom (paramānu) in form of these five: one taste (rasa) out of the five, one colour (varņa) out of the five, one smell (gandha) out of the two, and two non-contradictory touch (sparsa) out of these four-cold (țhandā) and hot (garma), and smooth (snigdha) and rough (rūkşa). The other four kinds of touch (sparśa) - soft (komala) and hard (kathora), heavy (bhārī) and light (halkā), being relative, are not manifested in the atom. The unnatural-qualities (vibhāva-guņa) of the matter (pudgala) manifest in the molecule (skandha) comprising two or more atoms (paramānu). The unnatural-qualities (vibhāvaguņa) are perceivable by all the senses.
Ācārya Umāsvāmī’s Tattvārthasūtra: स्पर्शरसगन्धवर्णवन्तः पुद्गलाः ॥५-२३॥ स्पर्श, रस, गन्ध और वर्ण वाले पुद्गल होते हैं।
The forms of matter (pudgala) are characterized by touch (sparsa), taste (rasa), smell (gandha) and colour (varņa).
What is touched or touching alone is touch (sparsa). It is of eight kinds, namely, soft (komala), hard (kațhora), heavy (bhārī), light (halkā), cold (thandā), hot (garma), smooth (snigdha) and rough (rūkşa). What is tasted or tasting alone is taste (rasa). It is of five kinds: bitter (tītā), sour (khattā), acidic (kaduā), sweet (mīțhā) and astringent (kasailā). What is smelt or smelling alone is smell (gandha). It is of two kinds: pleasant smell (sugandha) and unpleasant smell (durgandha). Colour (varņa) is of five kinds: black (kālā), blue (nīlā), yellow (pīlā), white (sapheda) and red (lāla). The foregoing are the principal divisions. And the subdivisions of each of these may be numerable (samkhyāta), innumerable (asamkhyāta) and infinite (ananta). These – touch, taste, smell and colour-are always associated with the matter (pudgala).
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