Sanskrit Praveshika

Author(s): Sudarshanlal Jain
Publisher: Tara Book Agency
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035322/1

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saMskRta pravezikA DA. sudarzana lAla jaina tArA buka ejensI vArANasI

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saMskRta-pravezikA (vyAkaraNa, anuvAda aura nibandha) (hAIskUla se ema.e. taka ke chAtroM ke lie upayogI prAcIna aura navIna paddhatiyoM kA samanvaya vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM pAThyagrantha ke rUpa meM svIkRta) DaoN. sudarzana lAla jaina ema.e., pI-eca.DI., AcArya prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga, kalA saMkAya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI tArA buka ejensI vArANasI mpyari

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tArA buka ejensI prakAra- kalAMga prakAzakatArA buka ejensI rathayAtrA-gurubAga roDa kamacchA, vArANasI jIDANA ) saMzodhita aura parivarddhita paMcama saMskaraNa, 2003 0prakAzaka prAkkathana zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda aura jyotiS veda ke ina cha: aGgoM meM vyAkaraNa sabase pradhAna hai| vyAkaraNa ko 'zabdAnuzAsana' bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isameM zabda kI mImAMsA kI jAtI hai (vyAkriyante vyutpAdyante zabdAH anena iti nyAkaraNam ) / zabdArtha kA yathArthabodha vyAkaraNa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH kahA hai -'he puSa ! yadyapi tuma bahuta nahIM par3ate ho phira bhI vyAkaraNa par3ho jisase 'svajana' ( apanA ) kA 'zvajana'- (kuttA) 'sakala' ( sampUrNa .) kA 'zakala (Tukar3A) aura 'sakRt' ( eka bAra ) kA 'zakRt' ( mala ) na ho jaae| saMskRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa jaisA. gahana, sUtrAtmaka aura tarka-saMgata vyAkaraNa saMsAra kI kisI anya bhASA kA upalabdha nahIM hai / saMskRta. vyAkaraNa kA prArambhika rUpa prAtizAkhyoM meM milatA hai| pazcAt yAska ( I0pU0 800)-kRta 'nirukta' meM 'zabdanirukti' kA vivecana milatA hai| yAska ne sarvaprathama zabdoM kI nAma (saMjJA, sarvanAma ) AkhyAta (dhAtu aura kriyA), upasarga aura nipAta ( ca vA Adi) ina cAra bhAgoM vibhakta kiyA hai| pANini se pUrva Apizali, kAzakRtsna, zAkalpa, zAkaTAyana, indra Adi kaI vaiyAkaraNa hue the| pANini prasthAna meM saMskRtadhyAkaraNa ko mUrta rUpa dene vAle nimna tIna mahAna vaiyAkaraNa prasiddha hai| jinheM 'munitraya' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai pANini ( sUtrakAra--I0 pU0 300 se 2400 I0 pU0 ke madhya ) sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhita inakI aSTAdhyAyI meM lagabhaga 4000 sUtra haiM jinheM ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka adhyAya meM 4 pAda haiN| prathama meM vyAkaraNasambandhI saMjJAyeM tayA paribhASAyeM haiM / dvitIya meM samAsa tathA kAraka haiN| tRtIya meM kRta aura tiG pratyaya haiM / caturya aura pazcima meM zabdoM se hone vAle pratyaya ( sup, strI taddhita aura samAsAnta ) haiM / SaSTha, saptama aura aSTama meM sandhi, Adeza aura svara-prakriyA se sambandhita niyama haiN| bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha anupama grantha hai| kAtyAyana ( vAtikakAra --300 I0 pU0 ke karIba )-ina kA dUsarA nAma 1. chandaH pAdau tu vedasya hastau kalpo'ya paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate // zikSA prANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAt sAGgamadhItyaiva brAhmaloke mahIyate / / pANinIya-zikSA, 41-42 / 2. yadyapi bahu nAdhISe paTha putra tathApi vyAkaraNam / svajana: zvajano mA bhUt sakala: zakala: sakRcchakRt / / mUlya : 50.00 mudrakatArA priMTiMga varksa phaNikA rathayAtrA-gurubAga roDa, vArANasI phona : (0542) 2420291 gaNamA

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'vararuci' hai / inhoMne aSTAdhyAyI para lagabhaga 5000 bArtikoM kI racanA kI hai| pataJjali ( bhASyakAra-200 I0 pU0 ke karIya)-inhoMne sarala evaM pravAhamayI zailI meM aSTAdhyAyI para 'mahAbhASya' likhA hai jo sabhI prakAra kI zaGkAoM ke nivAraNa karane ke lie AdarzabhUta hai| inake bAda vividha TIkAtroM aura paddhatiyoM kI paramparA clii| usa paramparA meM aSTAdhyAyI para javAditya aura vAmana (870 I.)-kRta 'kAzikA', mahAbhASya para kaiyyaTakRta pradIpa aura pradIpa para nAgezakRta 'udyota' prasiddha hai| bhartRharikRta (700I0) 'vAkyapadIya' bahuta vizruta hai| prakriyAkrama meM bhaTThojidIkSita 1630 I.) ne praur3ha manoramA TIkA ke sAtha-"siddhAntakaumudI' kI racanA kI / pazcAt varadAcArya ne siddhAntakaumudI ko saMkSipta kara laghusiddhAntakaumudI aura madhyasiddhAntakaumudI kI racanA kii| inake alAvA pUjyapAda devanandikRta (chaThI zatA0 ) jainendravyAkaraNa, zAkaTAyanakRta (8 vIM patA0) zabda nuzAsana, hemacandra kRta ( 12 vIM zatA0 ) zabdAnuzAsana, bopadevakRta mugdhabodha, anubhUtisvarUpAcAryAta sArasvata-vyAkaraNa Adi prAcIna paddhati se likhe gae vyAkaraNagrantha haiN| Adhunika paddhati se likhe gae vibhinna vyAkaraNa grantha bhI upalabdha haiM parantu jisa uddezya kI pUrti hetu isa pustaka ko likhA gayA hai usa uddezya kI pUrti aba taka prakAzita pustakoM se nahIM hotii| isake likhane kA uddezya hai-'sAmAnya jijJAsuoM aura vizeSa jijJAsuoM donoM ke lie eka sAtha upayogI honaa| isalie prAyaH pratyeka peja ko do yA tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| Upara kA bhAga sAmAnya-jijJAsuoM ke lie hai aura zeSa do bhAga vizeSa, jijJAsuoM ke lie / sarvatra saralatA aura prAmANikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| bAkya racanA meM sandhi aura samAsa kA prayoga ala kiyA gayA hai| aMgrejI zabdoM aura cAToM se viSaya spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| subodhArya vyAkaraNa, anuvAda aura nibandha ko pRthaka pUrvaka likhA gayA hai / zubhAzaMsA saMskRta-pravezikA pAzcAtya vyAkaraNa paddhati se likhI gayI upayogI pustaka hai / saMskRta vAkya-vinyAsa, pada-vinyAsa aura varNa-vinyAsa ko sugama DhaMga se samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha saMskRta adhyetAoM ke bar3e kAma kI pustaka hogii| kulapati, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI DaoN0 vidyA nivAsa mizra vidvAn graMthakAra ne adhyApaka ke rUpa meM vidyArthiyoM kI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke durUha tattvoM kA subodha pratipAdana kiyA hai| saMskRta-pravezikA kA yaha caturtha saMskaraNa isakI vyApaka upayogitA ko sapramANa karatA hai| adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN. vizvanAtha bhaTrAcArya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI DaoN. sudarzanajaina mahodayaviracitA saMskRta-pravezikA tAvadadyAvadhiprakAziteSu vyAkaraNAnuvAdaniyandhagrantheSu pravarA kRtivibhAti yA khala pakSANAM kovidAnAM ca nUnamupakArikA setsyatIti bAr3ha pratyeti / nidezaka, anusandhAna saMsthAna DaoN0 bhagIrathaprasAdatripAThI 'vAgIzazAstrI' sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI maiMne DaoN. jaina kI saMskRta-pravezikA ko par3hA hai| pustaka chAtroM ke lie parama upayogI hai, paThanIya hai tathA saMgrahaNIya hai| prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 sureza candra pANDeya ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya, ilAhAbAda DaoN0 jaina ne saMskRta bhASA ko sIkhane aura sikhAne ke uddezya me bahuta hI acchI pustaka likhI hai| isase chAtroM aura adhyApakoM ko bar3I suvidhA hogii| adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 harinArAyaNa dIkSita kumAyU vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla DaoN0 jaina anubhavI vidvAna haiM unakI yaha racanA ni:saMdeha bahuta acchI hai| snAtaka chAtroM ke lie yaha pustaka atyanta upayogI pramANita hogii| prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 kRSNakAnta caturvedI jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura maiMne saMskRta-pravezikA kA bhalI-bhAMti abalokana kiyA hai| isameM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke sabhI aGgoM kA subodha zailI meM prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta hai| adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 satyaprakAza siMha alIgar3ha muslima vizvavidyAlaya, alIgar3ha zraddheya guruvarya pro0 DaoN. vIrendra kumAra varmA tathA sabhI zubhAzaMsakoM ( agale pRSTha para mudrita ) kA atyadhika AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne apane bahumulya kSaNa mujhe pravAnapara anugrahIta kiyaa| bahumUlya sujhAvoM ke lie zrI brahmAnanda caturvedI tathA DA. zrI nArAyaNa mizra kA bhI vizeSa AbhArI huuN| mudra kadvapa bhI dhanyavAdAha haiN| -sudarzanalAla jaina

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viSaya-sUcI saMskRta-vyAkaraNa sIkhane kI prAcIna aura navIna paddhatiyoM kA samIkaraNa karane meM DaoN. jaina ko adbhuta saphalatA milI hai| isa pustaka se saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA abhyAsa karane vAloM kI saMkhyA nirantara bddh'egii| pUrva adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara (saMpAdaka, sAgarikA) Although the book is an introduction to sanskrit it contains copious notes and is authenticated with original references at the footnotes, I have therefore no doubt to recommend the book for use by University and Institutions. adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga Dr. S. Bhattacharya kA0hi0 vi0vi0, vArANasI (5-1-1974) uttarItuM parIkSAbdhi saMskRtaM zikSituM tathA / prakAmaM sevyatAM chAtraiH saMskRtapA pravezikA / / sudhiyA suhRdA samyag graMtharatnamakAri yat / kaNThe kRtvA tu tat premNA sarve santu sudarzanAH / / adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga ___DaoN. kapiladevapANDeyaH Arya mahilA DigrI kAleja, vArANasI saMskRta-pravezikA saMskRta vyAkaraNa aura racanA kI advitIya pustaka hai| prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 vAcaspati upAdhyAya dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI DaoN. jaina dvArA likhita maMskRta-pravezikA ko maiM bI0 e0, ema0 e0, zAstrI tathA AcArya kakSAoM ke lie saMstuta karatA huuN| prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 rAya azvinI kumAra magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodha gayA saMskRta-pravezikA dekhakara bar3I prasannatA huii| isameM saMskRta vyAkaraNa, anuvAda aura nibandhoM ko subodha zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prAdhyApaka, DI. e. bI. kAleja, kAnapura DaoN. zivabAlaka dvivedI saMskRta vyAkaraNa, anubAda aura nibandha ke lie DaoN0 jaina kI saMskRta-pravezikA eka Adarza pustaka hai| rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga DaoN0 umezacandra pANDeya gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya, gorakhapura bhIra viSaya ko sarala DhaMga se prastuta karane meM DaoN. jaina siddhahasta haiN| saMskRta pravezikA, prAkRta dIpikA, tarkasaMgraha Adi usake nidarzana haiN| adhyakSa, sasta vibhAga DaoN. prabhAkara zAstrI rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura prAkkathana zubhAzaMsA bhAga:1: vyAkaraNa ( Grammar ) 1-158 prathama adhyAya : varNamAlA ( Alphabet ) [varNamAlA (1), svaroM ke prakAra (1) vyajanoM ke prakAra (3), mAhezvara sUtra (6), pratyAhAravidhi (6), vargoM ke uccAraNasthAna (9) vargoM ke uccAraNa meM prayatna (11), savarNa-asavarSa meM antara (14), zabda aura pada meM antara (15), abhyAsa (15)] dvitIya adhyAya : sandhi (Euphonic Combination of Letters) 16-31 [saMyoga aura sandhi meM antara (16), svara sandhi (17)-dIrgha, guNa, vRddhi, yaNa, ayAdi, pUrvarUpa, pararUpa, prakRtibhAva / vyaJjana sandhi (22)---ejutva, STutva, jaztva, catvaM, chatva, anusvAra, parasavarNa, muDAgama, sugAgama / visarga sandhi (26)-rutva, visana, satva, utva, yatva, ra lopa, visarga-lopa / abhyAsa (30), visarga-sandhi bodhaka tAlikA (31)] tRtIya adhyAya : kRt-pratyaya ( Primary-Sufixes) 32-47 [vartamAnakAlika (33)-zatR, zAnac / bhaviSyatkAlika ( 35)--- zata, zAmaca / bhUtakAlika (35)-pata, ktavatu / pUrvakAlika (27)vatvA, lyap / vidhi kRdanta yA kRtya pratyaya (39)-tavyat, tavya, anIyar, yat Adi ( kelimara, kyap, nnyd)| nimittArthaka (42)-tumun / kartRvAcaka (42)--vul, tRc, Nini Adi ( khac, kha, 8, ka, kaJ, zvip, ra, lyu, buJ, iSNuc, Aluca, u, yuc, SAkan ) / bhAvavAcaka saMjJAyeM 45)-lyuT, paJ, ktin Adi (ac, ap, aGa, na, ki, kvipa, yuca, a, gha, khala )] caturtha adhyAya : taddhita-pratyaya ( Secondary Suffixes) 47-57 [kRt aura taddhita meM antara (47) / apatyArthaka (48)-ija, maNa, DhA Adi ( yat, pya, yaJ, pa, Thaka, aJ ) / atizayArthaka (50)-tarap, tama, Iyasun, iSThan / bhAvArthaka (52)--sva, tala, imanic Adi (dhyana, ya, thaka, Dhaka, ann)| matvarthIya (53)-matupa, ini Adi (Than, vini)| vibhaktyarthaka (54)--tasilU, bala, ha, at / kAlAdyarthaka (55)-dA, hila, thAl, thmu| vibhinnArthaka (56)-dhA, mAtra, vati, ci, tIya, thuka, maTa, nayapa, apaca, iT, cha, kara, aga in / aN' kA

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apatya se bhinna arthoM meM prayoga (57)- samUha, devatA, sambandha, rakta, jAta, vikAra, kAla, bhAva, karma, mAmata, prokta, nivAsa, adhIta / ] paJcama adhyAya : strI-pratyaya (Eormation of Feminine Bases)54-62 [ 'A' varga (58)-TApa, DAp, cAp / 'I' varga (59)-DIp, hI DIn ) / anya (62)-aGa, ti] SaSTha adhyAya : avyaya (Indeclinable Words) 62-63 [ artha, avyayoM ke upasarga, nipAta Adi bheda] saptama adhyAya : kAraka aura vibhakti (Case and Case-ending) 64-82 [paricaya (64), kAraka-vibhakti aura upapada-vibhakti (65), prathamA (65), dvitIyA (67), tRtIyA (72), caturthI (74), paJcamI (76), SaSThI (79), saptamI (81)] aSTama adhyAya : samAsa ( Compound) 83-94 [ paricaya tathA bheda (83), avyayIbhAva (84), tatpuruSa (86), karmadhAraya (88), dvigu (90), dvandva (91), bahuvrIhi (92)] navama adhyAya : zabdarUpa ( Declension) 95-115 noTa- eka samAna rUpa calane vAle anya zabdoM kA phuTanoTa meM yathAvasara saMketa jisase aneka kAbdarUpoM ko banAyA jA ske| [paricaya (95), svarAnta puM0 (95)-rAma, (pAda, danta, nirjara), vizvapA, hari, pati, (sakhi), sudhI, guru, kartR, pitR, go| svarAnta strI0 198)latA, mati, nadI, zrI, dhenu, vadhU, svasU / svarAnta napuM0 (100)--jJAna, vAri, dadhi, madhu, krtR| vyaJjanAnta puM0 (101)-Rtvija, bhUbhRda, bhagavat, dhAvat, suhRda, rAjan, Atmana, yuvan, karin, pacin, tAdRza, vitus / vyamjanAnta strI0 (104)-yAca, ap, gira, diva, Azis / vyaJjanAnta ma. (105)---agada, nAman, karman, ahan, manas, dhanuSa / sarvanAma. (107)- asmada, yuSmada, tad, bhanda, etad, idam, adasa, gda, kim, sarva, (kati, ubha, ubhaya) / saMkhyAvAcaka (111)--eka se dazan, viMzati, triMzat, (pUraNArthaka, eka se parArdha taka saMkhyA )] dazama adhyAya : dhAturUpa ( Conjugation of Verbs) 116-154 noTa-dhAtu koSa ke lie dekheM pariziSTa 1 [ gaNAdi paritha (116), 1. bhvAdi (121)-bhU, paTh, gam, cal, zru, dRza, sthA, vad, gada, Nad, at, yA, ee, tutu, kama, nI, vina, yaja / 2. adAdi (132)-(duha, rud, snA, svap, yA, zAs, iN ), ad, vid, zIGa, iG, bRj, as, han / 3. juhotyAdi (136)-(hA, dhA), hu, bhI, daa| 4. divAdi (138)-(bhram, yudh, pA, vid), diva, jan, naz, nRt / 5. svAdi (140)-dhu, cija, Apa, shk| 6. tudAdi (143)-muca, kSip, mil, lip), tud, Sic, likh, iS, mRGa, praccha / 7. rudhAdi (147)rudhira, yujira, bhuj / 8. tanAdi (150)-tanu, kuu|9 krayAdi (152.DukrI, pU, jJA, graha / 10. curAdi (155)-cura, gaNa, kath / ] noTa-vyAkaraNa-sambandhI anya viSayoM ke lie dekheM pariziSTa 3 se 7 / bhAga: 2: anuvAda ( Translation) 159-195 noTa-pratyeka pATha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakti hai-udAharaNa vAkya, niyama aura abhyAsa pATha 1: sAmAnya vartamAnakAla-laT lakAra kA prayoga pATha 2: sAmAnya vartamAnakAla-vibhaktiyoM kA sAmAnya prayoga 160 pATha 3 : sAmAnya vartamAnakAla-bhavat, ca aura vA zabdoM kA prayoga 161 pATha 4: sAmAnya bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyatkAla-laG aura khuda kA prayoga 162 pATha 5: sarvanAma, vizeSaNa, kriyAvizeSaNa aura avyaya-tInoM kAloM kA prayoga 163 pATha 6 : AzA, cAhie, saMbhAvanA aura AzIrvAda-loda aura vidhiliD 166 pATha 7 : apUrNa vartamAna bhUta-bhaviSyatkAla -zata-zAnac pratyayoM kA prayoga 168 pATha 8: 'jAte hue', 'sunate hue' Adi vAkya-zata-zAman pratyayoM kA prayoga 169 pATha 9: vAcya-parivartana-kartR-karma-bhAva vAcyoM kA prayoga 130 pATha 10: bhUtakAlika vAkya-kta-ktavatu pratyayoM kA prayoga . 172 pATha 11: pUrNa vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat kAla-kta-ktavatu pratyayoM kA prayoga 173 pATha 12 : pUrNApUrNa vartamAna bhUta-bhaviSyatkAla-zatR-zAnan pratyayoM kA prayoga 174 pATha 13 : kartR-karma kAraka-prabamA-dvitIyA vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga 175 pATha 14 : karaNa kAraka-tRtIyA vibhakti kA prayoga 176 pATha 15 : sampradAna kAraka-caturthI vibhakti kA prayoga 178 pATha 16 : apAdAna kAraka-paJcamI vibhakti kA prayoga 180 pATha 17 : sambandhArtha-paSThI vibhakti kA prayoga 181 pATha 18 : adhikaraNa kAraka-saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga 183 pATha 19: pUrvakAlika 'kara' yA 'karake' vAkpa-vA-lyap pratyayoM kA prayoga 184 pATha 20 : vidhyarthaka 'cAhie' Adi vAkya-tavyat-anIyara-yat praspayoM kA0 185 pATha 21: tulanAtmaka vAkya-tarapa-tamap pratyayoM kA prayoga 186 pATha 22: preraNAtmaka vAkya-Nic pratyaya kA prayoga pATha 23 : nimittArthaka vAkya-tumun pratyaya kA prayoga 184 pATha 24 : hetuhetumadbhAvAtmaka vAkya-yadi, cet aura tahi kA prayoga 189 pATha 25 : 'karane vAlA' arthavAcaka zabda-bula-tRca pratyayoM kA prayoga pATha 26 : bhAvavAcaka saMjJAyeM-lyuT-dham-ktin pratyayoM kA prayoga 187

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bhAga 1: vyAkaraNa ( Grammar ) prathama adhyAya varNamAlA (Alphabet) . 4 25 - sasamisa pATha 27 : sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa-eka-dvi-bahuvacana kA vizeSa prayoga 192 pATha 28 : 'hone para' artha vAle vAkya-kRt pratyaya evaM saptamI kA prayoga 194 noTa-anubAdArtha abhyAsa saMgraha ke lie dekheM pariziSTa 8 bhAga:3: nibandha ( Composition) 196-225 [1. kAzI-hindU-vizvavidyAlayaH (196); 2. gaGgA (198); 3. vArANasI (198); 4. bhagavAna buddhaH (200); 5. mahAmanA madana-mohana-mAlavIyaH (201); 6. mahAtmA gAMdhiH (202); 7. mahAkaviH kAlidAsaH (204); 8. satsaGgatiH (206); 9. sadAcAraH (207); 10. paropakAraH (201); 11. saMskRtabhASAyAH mahattvam (210); 12. mAtRbhaktiH dezabhaktizca ( 212); 13. anuzAsanam ( 214); 14. vidyArthikarttavyam (215) 15. Adhunika vijJAnam ( 217); 16. vidyA (220); 17. satyam (221); 18. udyogaH (222); 19. ahiMsA (223), 20. guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na liGgana ca vayaH (224)] noTa- anya nibandhoM ke lie dekheM pariziSTa 9 pariziSTa (Appendix) 226-286 1. dhAtukoSa ( bhvAdi 226, adAdi 232, juhotyAdi 233, divAdi 233, svAdi 234, tudAdi 235, rudhAdi 236, tanAdi 236, krayAdi 236, nurAdi 237) 2. vAgvyavahAra zabdakoSa ( sambandhI varga 239, zarIra varga 240, AbhUSaNa varga 242, vastra varga 242, gRhasthI kI sAmagrI 242, pazu-pakSi Adi 244, khAdya padArca 246) 3. pratyayAnta ( sanAdyanta) dhAtuyeM (Nijanta 249, sannanta 250, yaDanta 251, yaGluganta 252, nAmadhAtu 252-kya, kAbhya, kyaG, kyA, kvipU, Nic aura NiG pratyayoM kA icchA, AcAra, karoti, utsAha, khavamana, vedana, bhavati, vartana arthoM meM prayoga) 4. karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya kI kriyAyeM 254 5. Atmanepada aura parasmaipada vidhAna 6. mUrddhanyIkaraNa (Natva-vidhAna aura patva-vidhAna) 256 7. prakRti-pratyaya, saMjJAya tathA anubandha 4. anuvAdArtha abhyAsa-saMgraha (saMskRta se hindI 262, hindI se maskRta 267) 9. nibandha ( pustakAlayaH 271, dIpAvalI 272, SaDRtavaH 273, trINi rASTriyaparvANi 277, zrIkRSNaH 279, zrImahAvIraH 280, naukA-vihAraH 281, vApayAna yAtrA 282, sainikazikSA 283, samAcArapatram 284, pustakasya AtmakathA, 986) / svara 13 vyaJjana 33 anya 3 mUla |.saMyukta / sparza antaHstha uSma| jayogavAha 4 / 4 hrasva dIrgha dIrgha kavarga cavarga 'Tavarga tavarga pavarga ya z / visarga : ra ardhavisarga (1jihvA s / mUlIya (a+e) R au ra da dha , | ha2 upadhmAnIya (a+o) / |-|- | anusvAra : (1) svara ( Vowels) jo svayaM prakAzita (uccArita) hote haiM, anya ke dvArA nahIM arthAt jinakA uccAraNa karane meM anya varNa kI sahAyatA apekSita nahIM hotI hai unheM svara kahate hai|' eka anya vyAkhyA ke anusAra 'jinakI sahAyatA se vyaJjanoM kA uccAraNa hotA hai unheM svara kahate haiN| svaroM kI gaNanA 'ma / pratyAhAra (dekheM, pR08) meM hone se inheM 'ac' bhI kahA jAtA hai| svaroM ke vibhAjana ke kucha prakAra nimnAGkita haiM (ma) racanA kI dRSTi se svaroM ke do bheda-(ka) mUla svara (Root romels)-inake mizraNa se saMyukta svara banate haiM, ataH inheM mUla svara kahA jAtA 1. svayaMnte zabyanta iti svarAH / Rgveda-prAtizAkhya, upaTa bhASya 113 'svayaM rAjante nAnyena vyajyanta iti svarAH' 0 prA0 15 para bai0gaa| 2. svaryate zabdhate'nena vyAjanamiti / pA0zi04 para pammikA TIkA / 'svaryate zandhate vyaJjanamebhiH svena rAjanta iti vA / ' yAjJavalkya zikSA kI zikSA vallI nAma kI vivRtti, pR076 /

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saMskRta-pravezikA [1: varNamAlA [3 hai| inheM samAnAkSara (Monoprnongs * uccAraNa meM samarUpatA) tathA sAdhAraNa svara (Simple vowels) bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| (kha) saMyukta svara (Vowels of combination)-ye do svaroM ke mela se banate haiM, ataH inheM saMyuktasvara kahA jAtA hai| inheM hI sandhyakSara ( Diphthongs) tathA mizrasvara (Mixed vowels) bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ye sabhI dIrgha svara haiN| (ba) uccAraNakAla kI mAtrA ( samaya kA eka aMza) ke bheda se tIna bheda'-- (ka) hrasva svara ( Short vowels = eka mAtrika)-jinakA uccAraNa karane meM eka mAtrA kA samaya lge| (kha) dIrgha svara ( Lorg vowels-dvimAtrika)jinakA uccAraNa karane meM do mAtrA kA samaya lge| (ga) plata svara (Prolated vowels-trimAtrika)-jinakA uccAraNa karane meM tIna mAtrA kA samaya lge| pluta pAbda kA artha hai-'gati karanA' yA 'lambA karanA' / yaha dIrgha svara se bhI lambA hotA hai| bANa kI taraha dUragAmI hone se ise pluta kahA jAtA hai| pluta svara ko 3 aGka ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| isakA prayoga prAyaH pukArane ke artha meM hotA hai| jaise-he rAma 3 / ina tInoM prakAra ke svaroM kA bheda murge kI bolI meM kramazaH dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaise--ku (hrasva svara), kU ( dIrgha svara ) aura kU3 (pluta svr)| cuTakI bajAne meM agavA palaka girane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai use eka mAtrA kahate haiN| cASa pakSI kI eka bolI meM eka mAtrA, kauve kI eka bolI meM do mAtrAoM aura mayUra kI eka bolI meM tIna mAtrAoM kA samaya lagatA hai| vyaJjana varNoM ke uccAraNa meM AdhI mAtrA mAnI jAtI hai| (sa) svaroM ke uccAraNa ke utAra-car3hAva (Aroha-avaroha) kI dRSTi se sIna bheda -(ka) udAtta (Acute)-jinakA uccAraNa U~cI dhvani se kiyA 1. kAlojjhasvadIrghaplutaH / a01.2.27. ekamAtro bhaveddhasvo dvimAtro dIrgha ujyate / trimAtrastu pluto zeyo vyajanaM cArdhamASikam / / zrutabodha, 3 / 2. dhArAdivad dUragAmitvAtptuta ityucyte| te0 prA0 1136 para pai0 A0 / 3. cASastu vadate mAtra dvimAtrAM vAyaso'bravIt / zikhI vimAno vijJeya eSa mAtrAparigrahaH // R0 prA0 1250. aMgulIsphoTanaM yAvAn tAvAn kAlastu mAtrikaH / vyAsazikSA 2713. nimeSakAlA mAtrA syAt / zikSAsaMgraha, pR0 432. 4. uccairudAttaH / mIcaranudAttaH / samAhAraH svaritaH / 10.1.2.26-31, vizeSa ke lie dekhie 'Rgveda-prAlizAyaka parizIlana' svara-prakaraNa / svara, vyaJjana ] 1: vyAkaraNa jAe ve udAtta svara haiN| siddhAntakaumudI meM kahA hai-'tAlu Adi sthAnoM ke adhvaMbhAga se uccarita hone vAle svara udAtta svara haiN| inakA uccAraNa dhvani ke Aroha ( Rising tone) ke sAtha hotA hai| unake uccAraNa meM upacAraNAvayava Upara kI ora khiMca jAte haiM / (kha) anudAsa (Gravs)-jinakA uccAraNa nIcI dhvani se kiyA jAe ve anudAtta svara haiN| siddhAntakaumudI meM kahA hai'tAlu Adi sthAnoM ke adho-bhAga se uccarita hone vAle svara anudAtta svara haiN|' inakA uccAraNa dhvani ke avaroha ( Falling tone) ke sAtha hotA hai| isameM uccAraNAvayava nIce kI ora zithila ho jAte haiN| (ga) svarita (Circumflex)-jinakA uccAraNa madhyama dhvani se kiyA jAe ve svarita svara haiN| inameM udAttatva aura aura anuvAttatva donoM dharma rahate haiN| inakA uccAraNa dhvani ke Aroha aura abaroha ke sAtha hotA hai| ataH udAtta aMza ke uccAraNa meM vani kA Aroha hotA hai aura anudAtta aMza ke uccAraNa meM dhvani kA avaroha hotA / inakA upayoga vedoM meM pramukha rUpa se hotA hai| (Da) uccAraNa ke samaya nAsikA ke upayoga aura anupayoga ke AdhAra para svaroM ke do bheda-(ka) anunAsika-jinake uccAraNa meM nAsikA kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai ve svara anunAsika kahalAte haiN| jaise-a, au, ai Adi / (kha) ananunAsika-jinake uccAraNa meM nAsikA kA upayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ve svara ananunAsika kahalAte haiN| jaise-ja, A aadi| . svaroM ke 10 bheda-hastra dIrgha pluta x udAtta anudAtta svarita ra asumAsika ananunAsika (343-6x2-18) / 'a i u R' inameM se pratyeka ke 18 bheda hogeN| 'la' ke dIrgha na hone se 12 bheda (24342%D12) hoNge| 'e o ai au' ke hrasva na hone se inake pratyeka ke 12 bheva hoNge| (2) vya Jjana (Consonants)-jinakA uccAraNa karane meM svaroM kI sahAyatA apekSita ho athavA jinakA uccAraNa vinA svara kI sahAyatA ke sambhava na ho, unheM vyaJjana kahate haiN| inheM sAmAnya rUpa se 'a' svara ke sAtha likhA jAtA hai| vastuta: ye svarahIna haiM isIlie inake vAstavika svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie inake nIce eka tirachI rekhA (.) kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| inakA uccAraNa pharane meM ardhamAtrA kA samaya lagatA hai| 'hala' pratyAhAra meM inakA samAveza hone se inheM 'hal' bhI kahA jAtA hai / ye sAmAnyarUpa se tIna prakAra ke haiM1 vahI, vRtti tAlvAdiSu sabhAgeSu sthAneSabhAge niSpano'judAttasaMjJaH syAt / 2. mukhanAsikAvacano'nunAsikaH / a0 1.1.8... 3. dekhie pR02, Ti0 1.

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saMskRta-pravezikA [1 : varNamAlA vyaJjana ] 1.vyAkaraNa [5 (ka) sparza vya Jjana ( Contact consonants :-ina vargoM kA uccAraNa karate samaya mukha ke do uccAraNa-avayava eka dUsare kA sparza karake vAyu ko rokate haiM aura bAda meM eka dUsare se alaga hokara vAyu ko bAhara nikalane dete haiN| isa taraha do uccAraNa-avayavoM kA sparza hone se ye varNa sparza kahe jAte haiN| inakI saMkhyA 'ka' se lekara 'ma' taka 25 hai jo kramazaH kavarga, pavarga, Tavarga, tavarga aura pavarga ina pA~ca vargoM meM vibhakta haiN|' kavargAdi ko kramazaH 'cuTu tu pu' ke nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai| inameM 'u' kA lopa hone se inheM udit (ut + it ) bhI kahA jAtA hai| (kha) antaHstha yA ardhasvara (Semi-vowels)-antaHstha (antaH+sthA+ 'ka ) zabda kI kaI taraha se byAkhyA kI jAtI hai-(1) svara aura vyaJjana ke madhyavartI hone se ye antaHstha haiN| ye na to sparza vargoM ke samAna spRSTa haiM aura na svara vargoM ke samAna vidvata / mAhezvara sUtroM meM bhI inakI gaNanA svara aura vyaJjana vargoM ke madhya meM kI jAtI hai| (2) samprasAraNa hone para ya ra la va' ye kramazaH 'i Rla u' meM parivartita hote haiM tathA 'yaNa' sandhi ke hone para 'i Rla u' ye kramazaH 'ya ra la va' meM parivartita hote haiN| ataH svara ke Adhe guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa inheM ardhasvara ( Semi-vowels) kahA jAtA hai| (3) varNamAlA ke krama meM inheM sparNa varNoM aura USma varNoM ke madhya meM mAnA gayA hai| ataH inheM antaHstha kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta anya vyAkhyAyeM bhI antaHstha kI haiN| 'yaNa' pratyAhAra meM inakA samAveza hone se inheM 'yaNa' bhI kahA jAtA hai| - (ga) USma ( Spirants or Sibilants)-'kaSman' zabda kA artha hai 'garma vAyu' yA 'baassp'| ina vargoM ke uccAraNa ke samaya mukha se garma vAyu pradhAnarUpa se nikalatI hai| ina vargoM ke uccAraNa ke samaya vAyumArga sakarA hotA hai jisase vAyu gharSaNa karatI huI zItkAra dhvani ke sAtha bAhara nikalatI hai| isIlie ina varNoM ko saMgharSI (Fricatives ), sapravAha (Continuants) tathA zItkAra-dhvaniyukta ( Hissing sounds) bhI kahA jAtA hai| 'zal' pratyAhAra meM inakA samAveza hone se inheM 'zal' bhI kahA jAtA hai| . 1. kAdayo mAvasAnAH spIH / la0 ko0, pR0 22. '2. kucuTutupu ete uditaH / la0 kau0, pR0 24. 3. yahA~ sUtra meM 'ha' varNa vizeSa-prayojana ke lie prayukta hai / dekhie pR0 6, Ti02 4. 'sparzISmaNAmantarmadhye tiSThantIti antaHsthAH / u0 bhASya 116. 5. vizeSa ke lie dekhie 'Rgveda prAtizAkhya : eka parizIlana' pR0 13-14. 6. USmA vAyustatpradhAnavarNA USmANaH / u0 bhASya 1 / 10. noTa..--'kasa pachaTa ta ya pa pha za Sa sa' (aghoSa varNa yA 'khara' pratyAhAra ke vrnn| inheM 'paruSa vya Jjana' (kaThora varNa) bhI kahA jAtA hai tathA zeSa ko 'mRduvyaJjana' (komala vrnn)| (3) ayogavAha-visarga, ardhavisarga aura anusvAra ko ayogavAha ( varNasamAmnAya ke 14 mAhezvara sUtroM meM jinakA yoga na hone para bhI vyavahAra meM vAha-prayoga ho) kahate haiN| inakI gaNanA svara aura vyaJjana vargoM meM nahIM kI jAtI hai| vastutaH ye kucha vyaJjana vargoM ke hI rUpAntara haiN| jaise (ka) visarga-(vi+mRj + gha) isameM bAyu ko zIghratA se bAhara kiyA jAtA hai / vaha 's' athavA 'ra' kA rUpAntara hai| jaise-rAma+su> >ra-rAmaH / (kha) ardhavisarga-jihvAmUlIya aura upadhmAnIya ke bheda se yaha do prakAra kA hai| 'ka' aura 'kha' se pUrvavartI ardhavisarna ke samAna dhvani ( ka, kha) ko jihvAmUlIya ( Sound produced at the root of the tongue - jihvA ke mUlabhAga se uccarita hone vAlA varNa ) kahate haiN| pANini-sampradAya meM ise kaNThaca mAnA gayA hai| 'pa' aura 'pha' se pUrvavartI ardha-visarga ke samAna dhvani (~ pa, pha) ko upadhmAnIya kahate haiN| upadhmAnIya (upadhmA +anIyara ) ke uccAraNa meM usI prakAra kA prayatna karanA par3atA hai jisa prakAra phUMka mArakara dIpaka ke bujhAne meM kiyA jAtA hai| upadhmAna kA artha hai 'phUMka mAranA' / Ajakala ina donoM kA prayoga pracalana meM nahIM raha gayA hai| inake sthAna para aba visarga (:) kA hI prayoga hotA hai| (ga) anusvAra ( pure nasal)-anusvAra (anu+sva + dha ) zabda kA artha hai 'baha varNa jisakA uccAraNa anya varNa ke pazcAt kiyA jAtA hai' ( anu - pazcAt = anyavarNAnantaram, svaryate - uccAryata itynusvaarH)| ise 'anugAmI dhvani' ( After sound ) tayA pUrvavartI svara ke vinA na raha sakane ke kAraNa 'parAzrita dhvani' (Dependent sound) bhI kahate haiN| R0 prA0 meM ise vyajana aura svara donoM mAnA hai|anusvaar svara hai yA vyaJjana isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| vastuna: anusvAra 'm' athavA 'n' kA hI rUpAntara hai| jaise-satyam vad satyaM vada / yavAn + siyAsi / Ajakala anusvAra kI gaNanA svaroM ke bAda kI jAtI hai tathA anusvAra ke bAda visarga kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai (bhaM, a)| isa taraha ina sabhI vargoM kA prayoga svara ke bAda hI kiyA jAtA hai| 1. kha iti vakhAbhyAM pAgavisargasadRzo jihvAmUlIyaH / la. kau0 pR012. 2. papha iti paphAbhyAM prAgavisargasadRza upadhmAnIyaH / la. ko0, pR0 22, 3. 'anusvAro vyaJjanaM vA svaro vA' / R0 prA0 15. 4. dekhie, Rgveda prAtizApa : eka parizIlana, pR051-54.

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saMskRna-pravezikA [1 : varNamAlA noTa --kSa (k + +a), tra ( + r + a), jJa (j + + a) ye sabhI saMyukta vyaJjana haiM / ataH saMskRta varNamAlA meM inheM nahIM ginAyA jAtA hai mAhezvara sUtra (varNasamAmnAya sUtra yA pratyAhAra sUtra): pANini ne saMskRta-varNamAlA (varNa-samAmnAya akSarasamAmnAyavarNarAzi) kA adholikhita caudaha sUtroM meM sanniveza kiyA hai| maharSi pANini ne ina sUtroM ko mahezvara (ziva) kI kRpA se prApta kiyA thaa| ataH inheM 'mAhezvara mUtra' bhI kahA jAtA hai| inakA upayoga Age batalAye jAne vAle pratyAhAroM ke banAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ataH inheM 'pratyAhAra sUtra' bhI kahate haiN| ina sUtroM meM jo aMtima (halanta) varNa haiM unheM 'iva' (lupta ) kahA jAtA hai / ataH unheM varNamAlA ke krama meM nahIM ginA jAtA hai| yahA~ varNoM kA jo krama batalAyA gayA hai vaha pratyAhAroM kI dRSTi se hai / caudaha sUtra kramazaH nimnAGkita haiM |1. aiuN 2. Rlak .eo 4 . aiauc| antaHstha varga ke paMcama varNa varga ke caturtha varNa 11. hyavaraT 6. laN| |7. amaGaNanam | 1. jhabhaJ6. dhabadhaH | varga ke tRtIya varNa varga ke dvitIya varNa varga ke prathama varNa USma varNa | 10. jabagaDadaz | 11. khaphachaThatha | caTatam 12. kapay || 13. zaSasara 14. hal/ pratyAhAra vidhi voM ke saMkSepa meM kathana karane ko (pratyAhiyante saMkSipyante varNA yatra sa pratyAhAraH) pratyAhAra kahate haiN| pratyAhAra banAte samaya pUrvokta 14 sUtroM ke itsaMjJaka varSoM ko chor3akara kisI bhI eka varNa ko lekara Age ke kisI bhI it-saMjJaka varNa ke sAtha jor3a diyA jAtA hai aura taba vaha (pratyAhAra ) donoM varNoM (pUrvavarNa aura it-saMjJaka varNa ) ke bIca meM Aye hue sabhI vargoM (iva-saMjJaka varNoM ko chor3akara) 1.saMbhavata: mAhezvara vyAkarani / 2.eSAmantyA itaH / la0 ko015 3. isa varNamAlA meM 'ha' varNa do bAra (yavaraT, hal) AyA hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki 'aT' aura 'zal' donoM prakAra ke pratyAhAroM meM 'ha' ko liyA jA sake jisase ahNa, adhukSata Adi prayoga siddha ho skeN| vyaJjana vargoM meM jo 'a' jur3A hai vaha uccAraNArtha hai (hakArAdiSvakAra uccAraNArthaH / la. ko0, pR06)| 'laN' sUtra ke 'la' kA 'a' kevala uccAraNArtha hI nahIM hai (laNmadhye svitsaMjJakaH / la. kau0, pR.6) apitu isakA eka vizeSa prayojana hai jisase 'ra' pratyAhAra bana ske| (dekheM, pR06)| pratyAhAra ] 1: vyAkaraNa [7 kA aura svayaM kA (pUrvavarNa kA) bhI bodhaka hotA hai| jaise -'aiuN' sUtra se 'a' lekara usako 'aiauca' ke iva-saMjJaka '' ke sAtha jor3ane para 'ac' pratyAhAra bnaa| isa taraha isa 'ac' se 'a, i, u, R, la, e, o, ai, au' ina sabhI vargoM kA bodha hogaa| pahA~ eka bAta kA hamezA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki pratyAhAra ke madhyavartI it-saMjJaka varNoM ko kadApi na jodd'eN| yadyapi isa prakriyA se aneka pratyAhAra bana sakate haiM parantu pANini Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne jina pratyAhAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai, ve nimna tetAlIsa haikramAGka pratyAhAra tadgata varNasamudAya 1.aN-a i u| 2. ak--a i u Rla (mUla svr)| 1. Adirantyena sahetA / a0 1.1.71.. 2. 'aN' Adi pratyAhAroM ke prayoga aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM kramazaH draSTavya hai 1. dalope pUrvastha dIgha?NaH (6.3.111); 2. akaH savarNe dIrghaH (6.1101): 3. iko yaNaci ( 6.1.77); 4. zazvo'Ti (8.4.63); 5. aNuditsavarNasya cA'pratyayaH (1.1.66), 6. pumaH khayyampare (8. 3.6); 7. bho bhago adho apUrvasya yo'zi (8.3.17); 8. alaoNntyasya (1.1.52); 6. iko yaNaci (6.177), igyaNaH saMprasAraNam (1.1.45); 10. nAdici (6.1.104); 11. iNaH SaH (8.3.36), 12. uAgadA sarvanAmasthAne'dhAtoH (7.1.70); 13. eDi pararUpam ( 6.164.) 14 evo'yavAyAyaH (3.1.78); 15. vRddhirAdaic (1.1.1); 16 hazi ca (6.1.114); 17. halantyam (1.3.3) 18. iko yaNaci (6.1.77), 16. halo yamA yami lopa: (8.4.64); 20. ato dIrghA yaji (7.3.101); 21 anusvArastha yayi parasavarNaH (8.4.58); 22. yaro'nunAsike'nunAsiko vA ( 8.4.45), 23. nevazi kRti (7.28); 24 lopo vyoli (6.1.66); 25. uraNa raparaH (1.1.51); 26. ralo puSadhAddhalAdeH saMzca (1.2.26); 27. maya uno vo vA (8.3.33); 28. hamo hasvAdaci puN nityam (8.3.32); 26. ekAco bazo bhae jhaSantasya sahayoH (8.2.37); 30. jhalAM jaz jhazi (8.4.53); 31. jhayo ho'nyatarasyAm (8.4.62); 32. jharo jhari savarNe (8.4.65); 33. jhalo jhali (8.2.26); 34. ekAco bazo bhaS jhaSantasya sdhvoH (8.2.37), 35, jhAM jaz jhazi (8.4.53); 36. ekAge vazo0(82.37); 37. dhumaH khagyampare (8.3.6) 38. kharica (8.4.55 ) 36. nazchadhyaprazAn (8.3.7); 40. cayo dvitIyAH zari pauSkarasAderiti vAcyam (vArtika); 41. abhyAse carca (8.4.54 ); 42. zaro'ci (8.4.46), 43. zala igupadhAdaniTaH ksaH ( 3.1.45 ) /

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atyAhAra ] 1: vyAkaraNa saMskRta-pravezikA [1: varNamAlA 3. aca-a i u e jo ai au ( sabhI svara vrnn)| 4. aT-a i u R e o ai o ha ya vr| 5 aNa'.-bau Rca e o ai au ha ya ba rala (svara, ha, antHsth)| 6. am --A u R e o ai au ha ya va ra la ba ma Na na (svara, ha, anta.sva, varga ke paMcama vrnn)| 7. az-a i u R e o ai au ha ya va ra la ja ma Na na bha bha pa 4 jaba gaDada (svara, ha, antaHstha, varga ke 5, 4, 3 vrnn)| 4 ala-au cha e bo ai o ha ya va ra la ma Na na bha bha padha jabagaha dasa phachaTha tha ca Ta ta ka pa za Sa sa ha (pUrNa vrnnmaalaa)| 10. ica--i u R e bho ai au ( 'ba' khor3akara zeSa svara ) / 11. iNa- ucala e o ai au ha, ya va ra la ('a' rahitasvara, ha, antaHstha) 12 uk-u Rtuu| 13. ek-eo| 14. eca-e o ai au ( saMyukta svr)| 15 aica-ai au| 16. hara-ha ya va rala bama Na na bha bha pa dha jaba 48 (ha, antaHstha, . varga ke 5, 4, 3 vrnn)| 17 hala-haya varala bamaNa na jha bhabaDha dhajaba ga Da da kha pha chaTha tha caTa ta ka pa za Sa sa ha (sabhI vyaJjana vrnn)| 18. yaN- ya va ra la ( antHsth)| 19. yam-ya va.ra la ba ma Na na ( antaHstha, varga ke 5 vrnn)| 20. ya-ya va ra la ja ma Na na jhabha / 21. yaya-ya varala bama Na ma jha bha dadha jaba gara da kha pha chaTha paca Tata ka pa (antaHstha, varga ke 5, 4, 3, 2,1 vrnn)| 1. aNuvittavarNasya pA'pratyayaH (a011166)| kevala isa sUtra meM hI 'aNa' se paravartI 'Na' lenA hai, anyatra nhiiN| kahA bhI hai'pareNaiveNgrahAH sarve pUrveNaivANgrahA matAH / Rte'NuditsavarNasyetyetadekaM pareNa tu // " bhASya / artha-sarvatra 'iN' se paravartI 'Na' lenA cAhie tathA 'aNa' se pUrvavartI 'Na' lenA cAhie parantu 'aNuditsavarNasya0' meM 'aN' se paravartI 'Na' lenA caahie| 22. yara ya va ra laja mahaNana bha bha pa dha jaba gaDada kha phachaTha tha caTa ta ka pa za Sa sa (antaHstha, varga ke 5, 4, 3, 2,1 varNa tathA svs)| 23. vA-vara labamaNa na jha bha padhaja baga hd| 24 bala-varalasamaNa na kabhapadhaja bagaha dasa pha cha upaca Ta ta ka pa za Sa sa ha ('ya' chor3akara sabhI vya nyjn)| 25. r'-(r+a)-rl| 26 rala -rala mama huNa na ka bha pa dha jaba gaDa dasa pha chaTha tha paTata kapa za Sa sa ha (ya va chor3akara sabhI vynyjn)| 27. maya- ma Na na ka bha dhaDadha ja ba ga Da da kha pha chaTha ya ca Ta ta ka pa / 28. ham- Na n| 29 aS-jha bha pa dha ( varga ke caturtha vrnn)| 30zaz-bha bha pa Da pa ja ba ga Da da ( varga ke 4, 3 vrnn)| 31. kSaya-bha pa da dha ja ba ga Da da kha phachaTha tha ca Ta ta ka pa (varga ke 4, 3, 2,1 vrnn)| 32. jhara-ma bha pa dha ja ba ga 3 dasa pha cha Thatha ca Ta ta ka pa za Sa sa ( varga ke 4, 3, 2, 1, za Sa s)| 33.jhala-bhAbhapahadhajaba gaDa dasa phachaTha thacaTa taka pa za Sa sa hai (varga ke 4, 3, 2, 1 uussm)|' 34 bhaS--bha pa dha (jha se rahita varga ke caturtha vrnn)| 35..jaz-jaba ga Da da ( varga ke tRtIya vrnn)| 36. baz-baga Da da / 37. khay-kha pha chaTha ya ca Ta ta ka pa ( varga ke 2,1 vrnn)| 38. khara-kha pha chaTha tha ca Ta ta ka pa za Sa sa / 31. chab-chaTha ya ca Ta ta / 40. caya-ca Ta ta ka pa ( varga ke paMcama vrnn)| 41. car-ca Ta ta ka pa za Sa sa / 42. zar-za Sa sa / 43. zala-za Sa sa ha ( alma vrnn)| voM ke uccAraNasthAna ( Places of articulation) vargoM ke uccAraNa (Pronunciation of letters) kI zuddhatA para prAcIna1. dekheM pR0 6, tti02|

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10] saMskRta-pravezikA [1: varNamAlA uccAraNa, prayala ] 1 : vyAkaraNa . [11 kAla se hI mahattva batalAyA gayA hai|' vAyu (prANa vAyu) kI sahAyatA se hI vargoM ko utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| nAsikA se jo vAyu phephar3oM meM jAtI hai vahI vAya jaba nAsikA se na nikAlakara mukha se nikAlI jAtI hai to vaha vibhinna prakAra kI dhvaniyoM ke utpanna karane ke kAma meM lAI jAtI hai| ataH phephar3oM ( Lungs) ke andara se bAhara AtI huI vAyu ko rokakara athavA usameM vikRti paidAkara varNoM ko utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jisa sthAna para vAyu ko vikRta karake varNavizeSa ko utpanna kiyA jAtA hai usa sthAna vizeSa ko usa varNavizeSa kA uccAraNa-sthAna kahA jAtA hai| jaise-andara se bAhara AtI huI vAyu ko yadi tAlu para vikRta . kiyA jAtA hai to usase utpanna hone vAle varNa ko 'tAlavya' kahA jAyegA aura usakA uccAraNasthAna 'tAlu' hogaa| isI prakAra yadi mUrdhA bhAga ( komala tAlu aura kaThora tAlu kA madhya bhAga) para vikRta kiyA jAtA hai to usase utpanna varNa ko mUrdhanya kahA jAyegA aura usakA uccAraNasthAna mUrdhA homaa| isa saMdarbha meM adholikhita vargIkaraNa draSTavya hai-- uccAraNa-sthAna varNa varNa-jAma kaNTha (Guttural) kavarga, a, A, ha. visarga kaNThaSa are (Palatal) cavarga, i, I, ya, z tAlavya mUrdhA (Cerebral) Tavarga, R, R, ra mUrdhanya danta - dantamUla (Dental) tavarga, la, l s dantya = dantyamUlIya oSTha (Labial) pavarga, u, U, upadhmAnIya oSThaya kaNTha aura tAlu (Palato-guttural) e, ai kaNThaya+tAlavya kaNTha aura oSTha (Labio guttural) o, au kaNThya +oSThaca danta aura oSTha (Dento-labial) va dantya+oSThya jihvAmUla (Root of the tongue) ka kha jihvAmUlIya nAsikA (Naval) anusvAra (-) nAsikya noTa-vargoM ke paJcama varNa (ibNa na m ) ke uccAraNa-sthAna do-do haiN| jaise- ( kaNTha + nAsikA ), J ( tAlu + nAsikA), " ( mUrdhA+nAsikA ), 1. duSTaH zabdaH svarato varNato vA mithyAprayukto na tmrthmaah| sa vAgvayo yajamAnaM hinasti yathendrazatruH svarato'parAdhAt / pA0zi0 52. 2. akuhavisarjanIyAnAM kaNThaH / icuyazAnAM taalu| RTuraSANAM mUrdhA / tulasAnAM dantAH / upUpadhmAnIyAnAmoSThau / bamaGaNanAnA nAsikA ca / edetoH knntthtaalu| odautoH kaNThoSTham / vakArasya dantoSTham / jihvAmUlIyasya jihvAmUlam / nAsikA'nusvArasya / la. kau0, pR017-18. na ( danta + nAsikA), ma (osstth+naasikaa)| inakA uccAraNa sthAna nAsikA bhI hone se inheM anunAsika ( Nasals ) varNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| voM ke uccAraNa meM prayatna ( Mode of pronunciation) voM ke uccAraNa karane meM uccAraNAvayavoM ko jo AyAsa ( vyApAra yA ceSTAvizeSa) karanA par3atA hai use prayatna kahate haiN| vaha prayatna do prakAra kA hai-(1)| bAhya-prayatna aura (2) Abhyantara-prayatna / mukha (oSTha se kaNTha ke madhya kA bhAga) ke bAhara (svara yaMtra meM)' jo prayatna hotA hai use bAhyaprayatna kahate haiN| ise hI 'prakRti' yA 'anupradAna' bhI kahA jAtA hai| bAhya prayatna meM svarayantra ( Larynx) hI mukhyarUpa se sakriya uccAraNAvayava hotA hai| jaba phephar3e se vAyu zvAsa-nalikA ke mArga se bAhara nikalatI hai to vAyu meM sarvaprathama svarayantra meM kucha vikAra paidA hotA hai / isa taraha svarayantra hI prathama uccAraNAvayava hai| yahA~ jo prayatna hotA hai use hI bAhyaprayatna ( Emitted material) kahate haiN| mukha ke bhItara ( tAlu Adi sthAnoM meM ) jo prayatna hote haiM unheM Abhyantara prayatna kahate haiN| ise hI 'karaNa' aura 'pradAna' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai| Abhyantara-prayatna kI sahAyatA se hI mukha ke uccAraNAvayava 'zvAsa' evaM 'nAda' rUpa vAyu se vibhinna prakAra ke varNoM ke utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiN| bAhya aura Abhyantara-prayatna ke artha meM prAyaH logoM ne bhUla kI hai / Abhyantara prayatna kA upayoga vyAkaraNa meM savarNa-saMjJA' (dekheM pR. 14) ke jJAna ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura bAhya prayatna kA upayoga vargoM ke pArasparika sAdRzya ke khojane meM kiyA jAtA hai| inhIM prayatnoM ke kAraNa varga ke pA~ca varNa eka hI sthAna se uccarita hone para bhI Apasa meM pRthak-pRthak hai| bAhya prapatna- yaha gyAraha prakAra kA hai-(1) vivAra (Expension), (2) saMvAra (Contraction), (3) zvAsa ( Bteath , () nAda (Voice), (5) aghoSa ( Usvoiced), (6) saghoSa (Voiced), (7) alpaprANa (Unaspirate), (5) mahAprANa (Aspirate), (6) udAtta (Acute), (10) anudAsa (Grava), aura (11) svarita (Circumflex) / 1. gale meM zvAsa-nalikA ke UparI bhAga meM svara yantra hotA hai jisameM patalI jhillI ke bane do lacIle parde hote haiM jo svarata-trI ( vocalcho ds) kahe jAte haiN| inake madhya ke khule hue cheda ko svarayantra-mukha (glottis) kahate haiN| vAyu iMsI se hokara bhItara athavA bAhara jAtI hai / ina svaratantriyoM ko eka dUsare ke samIpa athavA dUra karake dhvaniyoM ko utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| 2. bAhyastvekAdazadhA-vivAraH saMvAraH zvAso nAdo ghoSo'dhoSo'lpaprANo mahAprANa udAto'nudAtaH svaritazceti / kharo vivArAH zvAsA aghoSAzca / hazaH savArA

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12 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [1 : varNamAlA prayatna ] 1: vyAkaraNa [13 anamoSmana) svarita svarataMtriyoM se hokara jaba vAyu bAhara nikalatI hai taba svarataMtriyoM kI pramukharUpa se tIna avasthAyeM hotI haiM-(1) vivRta-isa sthiti meM svarataMtriyA~ eka dUsare se dUra rahatI haiM jisase svarayaMtra-mukha ( kaNThadvAra) pUrNa khulA rahatA hai| phalataH phephar3oM se bAhara nikalatI huI vAyu kA svarataMtriyoM ke sAtha gharSaNa nahIM hotA hai tathA unameM kampana bhI nahIM hotA hai, phalasvarUpa vAyu abAdha gati se bAhara nikala jAtI hai| aisI vAyu ko 'zvAsa' kahate haiN| 'zvAsa' zabda 'zvas' ( sAMsa lenA) dhAtu se banA hai| ataH sAMsa lene jaisI sthiti meM svarataMtriyoM ke vidyamAna rahane para jina varNoM kA uccAraNa hotA hai unheM 'aghoSa' ( unvoiced-gaMja se rahita) kahate haiN| isIlie 'khara' varNoM ( vargo ke 1,2 tathA za Sa sa varNoM) ko 'vivAra' ( svara tantriyoM kA khulA rahanA), 'zvAsa' ( sAMsa lenA jaisI sthiti meM svatantrayoM kA rahanA) tathA 'aghoSa' (gharSaNarahita yA gUMjarahita.) kahA gayA hai| isa taraha aghoSa vargoM kI mUla kAraNa rUpa vAyu 'zvAsa' kahI jAtI hai| ayogavAha (visarga, ardhavisarga aura anusvAra ) varNa bhI zvAsa meM Ate haiN| (2) saMvRta--isa sthiti meM svaratantriyA~ eka dUsare ke atyadhika samIpa rahatI haiM jisase svarayantramukha (kaNThadvAra ) banda rahatA hai| phalataH phephar3oM se bAhara nikalatI huI vAyu kA svaratantriyoM ke sAtha gharSaNa hotA hai aura unameM kampana bhI hotA hai| aisI vAyu (gharSaNa karake nikalI huI gUMja yukta vAyu) ko 'nAda' kahA jAtA hai / 'nAda' zabda dhvanyarthaka 'nad' dhAtu se banA hai| ataH svarayantra se hI dhvani karate hue nikalane ke kAraNa 'saghoSa' (gUMjayukta) vaNoM ( 'haz' varNI) kI mUla kAraNa rUpa vAyu ko 'nAda' kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha 'haz' vargoM ( varga ke 3, 4, 5 tathA ya ra la va varNoM) ko 'saMvAra' (svaratantriyoM kA banda jaisI sthiti meM rahanA), 'nAda' (svaratastriyoM ke sAtha vAyu kA gharSaNa hone se dhvaniyukta honA) tathA 'saghoSa' (gharSaNayukta yA gUMjayukta) kahA jAtA hai| sabhI svara varNa 'saghoSa' haiN| (3) vita-saMvata (madhyamasthiti)-isa sthiti meM svaratantriyAM na to eka dUsare se adhika dUra hotI haiM aura na adhika pAsa jisase svarayantramukha AdhA vivRta tathA AbA saMvRta arthAt madhyamasthiti vAlA hotA hai / svarayantramukha kI isa sthiti meM bAhara nikalanevAlI vAyu zvAsa aura nAda donoM hotI hai| 'gha jha, da dha bha ha' (varga ke 4 tavA ha) varga isI sthiti meM uccArita hote haiM, parantu inameM 'nAda' hone se inheM 'saghoSa ke hI antargana mAnA jAtA hai| ___somanA ( Aspiration) ke AdhAra para sparzAtmaka vyajanoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai-alpaprANa.( anUSman-Upaspirate) aura mahAprANa nAdA ghoSAzca / vargANAM prathama-tRtIya-paJcamA yaNAcAlpaprANAH / vargANAM dvitIya catucauM zalazca mahAprANAH / la0 ko0, saMjJA prakaraNa, pR0 20 (soSman Aspirate) / andara se bAhara AtI huI vAyu (prANa vAyu) ke bala kA hI nAma prANa hai| ataH jina vyajanoM ke uccAraNa meM vAyu kA Adhikya na ho unheM 'alpaprANa' tathA jina vyajanoM ke uccAraNa meM vAyu kA Adhikya ho unheM 'mahAprANa' kahate haiN| vargoM ke prathama, tRtIya, paJcama varNa tathA antaHstha (yaNa) vaNe alpaprANa hai| vargoM ke dvitIya, caturtha tathA USmavarNa (zal ) mahAprANa haiN| varNoM ke dvitIya aura caturtha varNa ko USma kahane kA kAraNa hai unameM USma dhvani (ha) kA 'pAyA jAnA / jaise-kha (kh), gha (gh) / dhvani ke Aroha evaM avaroha ke AdhAra para svaroM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai-udAtta (U~cI AvAja meM uccarita), anudAtta (nIcI AvAja meM uccarita) tathA svarita ( na U~cI aura na niicii)| vyaJjanoM meM aisA vibhAjana nahIM hotA hai| bAhyaprayatna-viveka tAlikA vivAra, pravAsa, saMvAra, nAda, alpaprANa / mahAprANa udAtta, anudAtta aghoSa ghoSa (anuSmana) (soSman) kakhaca cha ga gharajamakagaDaca khagha cha aAiI TaTha ta tha jaDahaNa da jajaTa jha86 u U R R pa pha za Sa sa dhana ba bha ma Na ta da na thadha pha la emao ya va ra la ha paba ma ya ma za Sa / ai au a A iIu va rela saha / U R RRla | e o ai au / (khara evaM (haz tathA (varga ke 1,3 (varga ke 2,4 (sabhI svr)| | ayogavAha) svara) 5 tathA yaNa) tathA shl)| Abhyantaraprayala-mukhastha uccAraNa-avayavoM ke milane aura na milane ke vAdhAra para Abhyantaraprayatna ke pAMca bheda kie jAte haiM (1) spRSTa ( Contact)-jihvAgra kA tAla Adi ke sAtha athavA do oSThoM ke paraspara sparza hone para uccarita hone vAle varNa spRSTa (sparzasaMzaka) kahalAte haiM / jaise-'ka' se 'ma' taka pAMcoM vargoM ke varNa / arthAt inake uccAraNa meM bhItara se bAhara AtI huI prANavAyu ko mukhastha do uccAraNa-avayava paraspara 1. AdyaH paJcadhA-spRSTeSatspRSTeSadvivRtavivRtasaMvRtabhedAt / tatra spRSTaM prayana sparzAnAm / ISatspRSTamantaHsthAnAm / ISadvivRtamUSmaNAm / vivRtaM svarANAm / hasvasyAvarNasya prayoge saMvRtam, prakriyAdazAyAM tu vivRtameva / la. ko0, pR018-16|

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. antara ] 1: vyAkaraNa [15 14 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ 1 : varNamAlA milakara (kSaNika sparzakara) rokate haiM pazcAt zIghratA se bAhara jAne dete haiN| (2) ISat-spRSTa ( Slight contrct)--isameM do uccAraNa-avayavoM (jihvAna kA tAlu Adi ke sAtha yA donoM oSThoM) kA thor3A-sA sparza hotA hai| ataH ise 'ISatspRSTa' kahA jAtA hai| ise hI 'duHspRSTa' (apUrNa-sparza ) bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaise-antaHstha varNa (ynn)| (3) vivRta (Open )-isameM do uccAraNaavayavoM kA vilakula sparza nahIM hotA hai arthAta isameM donoM uccAraNa-avayava dUradUra rahate haiM jisase donoM ke bIca kA mArga khulA rahatA hai aura vAyu rukatI nahIM hai| jaise-vara varNa / (4) ISad-vivRta ( Slight opea)-- isameM do uccAraNaavayava kucha dUrI para rahate haiM jisase vAyumArga saMkarA ho jAtA hai| jaise-zaSa saha (shl)| (5) saMvata ( Close)- isameM vAyu kA mArga banda sA ho jAtA hai / jaise-hrasva 'a' prayoga kI avasthA (siddhAvasthA) meN| prakriyA ( rUpanirmANa ) kI avasthA meM 'a' vivRta hotA hai|' Abhyantaraprayatna-viveka tAlikA skRSTa | I0 spRSTa / paSTa vivRta (aspRSTa) I. vivRta | (ardhaspRSTa) kahalAte haiN| jaise - kha ga gha cha / ye pAMvoM varNa Apasa meM savarNa-saMjJA vAle haiM kyoMki inakA uccAraNa-svAna (kaNTha) aura Abhyanta ra-prayatna ( spRSTa ) donoM eka samAna hai| asavarNa ( Heterogeneous)-jina vargoM ke uccAraNa sthAna aura Amvantara prayatna ( donoM athavA koI eka) asamAna (bhinna-bhinna ) hote haiM ve varNa paraspara bisavarNa' kahalAte haiN| jaise-ka' aura '' / ye donoM Apasa meM asavarNa hai kyoMki inakA bAbhyantara-prayatna ( spRSTa) eka samAna hone para bhI uccAraNa-sthAna ( kaNTha, danta ) bhinna-bhinna hai| vizaSa-'R' aura 'la' varNa meM yadyapi uccAraNa-sthAna kA bheda hai phira bhI . vAtikakAra ne ina donoM ko Apasa meM 'savarNa' batalAyA hai|' zabda aura pada meM antara: zabda-'sup athavA 'tiha' pratyaya' se rahita kevala vargoM kA sArthaka samudAya 'zabda' kahalAtA hai| jaise-rAma ( +A+m +a), bhU (bh + 3) Adi / pada-jisa varNa-samudAya meM 'sup, athavA 'ti' pratyaya (saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ) jur3A ho use 'pada' kahate haiN| arthAt varNa-samudAyarUna 'zabda' hI jaba subAdi / 'sup' athavA 'tiG) pratyayoM se yukta ho jAtA hai to vaha 'pada' kahalAne lagatA hai| jisa varNa-samudAya meM 'sup' pratyaya jur3A hotA hai use 'subanta-pada' kahate haiM aura jisameM 'ti' pratyaya jur3A hotA hai use 'siddnt-pd'| donoM prakAra ke padoM ke kramazaH udAharaNa hoMge-rAmaH (rAma + su) aura bhavati (bhuu+ti)| ___noTa-yaha hamezA smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki saMskRta-bhASA meM jaba taka zabda 'pada' kA rUpa dhAraNa nahIM kara letA hai taba taka prayoga meM nahIM AtA hai| abhyAsa (ka) pratyAhAra likhie-aN, al, aT, iNa, hal, jha, bhaz, jhara, jhal, jaz, sara, car, zar, zal, ec, eGa, haz, yaNa, ika, aca, cy| (sa) uccAraNa sthAna aura prayatna, likhie-,, ya, a, R, gha, ra, va , Sa, Tha, tha, da, cha, bha, ha ja sa pa rana ma / (ga) antara spaSTa kIjie-savarNa aura asavarNa meM, zabda aura pada meM, Abhyantara prayatna aura bAhya prayatna meM, saghoSa aura aghoSa meM, alpaprANa aura mahAprANa meM / 1. tulyAsyaprayatnaM savarNam / a0 1.16. 2. RlavarNayomithaH sAvaNyaM vAcyam / vAtika, a0 1.1.6. 3. 'sup' aura 'tiI' pratyayoM kA prayoga kramazaH zabdarUpa aura dhAturUpa meM btlaayeNge| 4. suptiGantaM padam / a01.1.14. 5. apadaM na prayujIta / u0, laghuzabdenduzekhara, pR0 172 S a A prayogAvasthA (pariniSThita, R RRla ta tha da dha na e o ai o / siddhAvasthA) pa pha ba bha ma (svara tathA / kA hrasva / (pAMcoM varga) |(yaN ) | ayogavAhI (zal) 'a' savarNa aura asavarNa meM antara : savarNa (Homogeneous)-jina varNoM ke uccAraNa-sthAna aura Abhyantaraprayatna donoM eka samAna hote haiM ve varNa parassara 'savarNa' ( savarNa'-saMjJA vAle ) 1. prakriyAdazA (sAdhanAvasthA) meM 'a' ko 'vitRta' mAnane kA kAraNa hai 'aka: savaNe dIrSa.' se a+A meM dIrghasaMjJA ho ske| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to bhinna-bhinna Abhyantara prayatna hone se unameM savarNasaMjJA nahIM hogii| jaise'daNDa + AThakam' meM 'a' kA Abhyantara prayatna 'saMvRta' hai aura 'A' kA 'vivRta' / aisI sthiti meM 'akaH savarNe dIrghaH' se dIrgha (a+A-A) nahIM ho sakegA / ataH prakriyA dazA meM 'a' ko 'vivRta' mAnA gayA hai|

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dvitIya adhyAya sandhi (Euphonic Combination of Letters) artha-vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra vargoM ke mela ko sandhi' (saMhitA) kahate haiN| isameM do svaroM yA do vyajanoM yA svara tathA vyaJjanoM kA atyanta sAmIpya hone para nimna tIna bAtoM meM se koI eka avazya hotI hai (ka) vikAra ( Modification )-donoM vargoM ke sthAna para yA kisI eka varNa ke sthAna para eka tIsarA hI varNa ho jAnA vikAra hai / jaise- ramA+IzaH - ramezaH ( lakSmIpati, viSNu); sudhI+upAsyaH = sudhyupAsyaH (vidvAnoM ke dvArA upAsya) (kha) lopa ( Elision)-kisI eka varSa kA vahA~ se haTa jAnA lopa hai| jaise-narAH + hasanti - narA hasanti / (ga) Agama (Augment)-donoM vargoM ke madhya meM eka nayA varNa A jaanaa| jaise- vRkSa + chAyA- vRkSacchAyA, tasmin +adrau-tsminndrau| pUrvavartI vargoM ko na haTAne se Agama mitravat hotA hai aura lopa pUrvavartI varNa ko haTAne se zatruvat hotA hai| saMyoga aura sandhi (saMhitA) meM antara-kevala ( svarahIna avyavahita.) vyaJjana vargoM kA mela saMyoga (conjunction) hai / saMyoga meM varNa-vikRti nahIM hotI hai / jaise-n+dr-ndr| svara aura vdhajana donoM prakAra ke vargoM kA mela (atyanta sAmIpya) athavA do svaroM yA do vyajanoM kA mela sandhi (cambination) hai|' sandhi hone para vikRti yA lopa yA Agama avazya hotA hai| 1. saMhitaikapade nityA nityA dhAtUpasargayoH / nityA samAse vAkye tu sA vivakSAmapekSate / / u0, si. kau0 (a0 8.4.18) / artha-ekapada meM (pau+ aka:- pAvakaH ), dhAtu-upasarga meM (ni+avasat - nyabasat ) tathA samAsa meM (nIlam + utpalam -nIlotpalam ) sandhi nitya hotI hai / parantu vAkya meM (zyAmaH + gacchati-zyAmo gacchati, zyAmaH gacchati) sandhi vanatA kI icchA para (vaikalpika ) hai| yadyapi isa zloka meM vAkya meM sandhi karanA vaikalpika batalAyA gayA hai parantu vidvAn loga vAkya meM bhI sandhi Avazyaka mAnate haiM / sandhi na karane para 'visandhi' nAmaka doSa mAnate haiN| na saMhitAM vivakSAmItyasandhAnaM padeSu yat / tadvisandhIti nirdiSTaM na pragRhyAdi hetukam / / kAvyAdarza 3.156. 2. halojantarAH saMyogaH / a0 1.1.7.. 3. paraH sannikarSaH saMhitA / a0 1.4.106. svarasandhi ] 1: vyAkaraNa sandhi ke pramukha tIna bheda-(1)svara-sandhi( svara + svara)-do svaroM kI sandhi ko svara-sandhi (ac-sandhi) kahate hai| jaise-mA+IzaH= ramezaH dadhi+Anaya = dadhyAnaya / (2) vyaJjana-sandhi ( vyaJjana vyaJjana athavA vyaJjana + svara)-vyaJjana kI vyaJjana varNa ke sAtha athavA vyaJjana kI svara varNa ke sAtha hone vAlI sandhi ko vyaJjana-sandhi ( hal-sandhi ) kahate haiN| jaiseharis + zete - harizzete; cit + AnandaH- cidAnandaH / / 3) visarga-sandhi (visarga+yajana athavA visarga+svara)-visarga ke sAtha vyajana athavA svara varNoM kI sandhi ko visarga-sandhi kahate haiN| jaise-hari+carati harizcarati, saH+ api: so'pi / (ka) svara (ac sandhi ( Euphonic Changes in Vowels) 1. dIrgha-mandhi ( samAna do mUla svaroM kI sandhi): ___ akaH savarNa dIrghaH ( ak + saMvarNa ak - dIrgha )-ak ( a i u R ba). pare samAna ( savarNa) varNa ( a i u Rla) ke hone para [ donoM ke sthAna meM ] dIrgha ekAdeza hotA hai| arthAt do samAna svaroM ke milane para usI varNa kA eka dIrSa svara hotA hai| jaise-ka) a, A+ a, A-A>daitya + ariH - daityAriH (daitya kA zatru, viSNu ), na+asti-nAsti, tathA + api tathApi / (kha) i. I+i, I-I> zrI+ IzaH zrIzaH (viSNu, lakSmIpati), muni+indraH munIndraH (zreSTha muni), kavi+indraH kavIndraH, devI + iva - devIva / (ga) u, U+u, U3>viSNu+udayaH-viSNUdayaH, vadhU+utsavaH vdhuutsvH| (gha) R, R+, R R>pitR+RNam -pitRNam, hotR + RddhiH hotRddhiH ( havana karane vAle hotA kI Rddhi)| (Ga) 'RlavarNayomithaH sAvayaM vAcyam (vA0)-R aura la meM paraspara savarNa saMjJA hone se 'hotR + lakAraH = hotakAraH' rUpa bnegaa| anya udAharaNa-vidyA + AlayaH - vidyAlayaH / satI+IzaH = satIza: (shiv)| bhAnu + udayaH = bhAnUdayaH / iti + iva -- itIva / 1. dIrgha-sandhi ke apavAda (pararUpa evaM prakRtibhAva) (ka) zakandhvAdiSu pararUpaM vAcyam (vA0)-zakandhu ( zaka deza yA zaka jAti ke logoM kA kuA~ ) Adi meM pararUpa (pUrva aura para-varSa ke sthAna para pararUpa) ekAdeza hotA hai| jaise-tarka+andhuH kandhuH , prAka+ andhu:zarkandhuH (zaka deza ke rAjAoM kA kuA~), kula aTA-kulaTA (abhicAriNI strI), mRta>mArta + aNTaH - mArtaNDaH (mUrya), sama + arthaH samarthaH, sAra / aGgaH- sAraGgaH (mRga yA mora / anyatra - pazubhinna artha meM --'sArAGgaH' - puSTa maGgoM vaalaa)| (kha) IdudedvivacanaM pragAga ( dekhie, pR.22)-harI+ IzI harI Izau, viSNU + umezI - viSNU -umezau /

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svara-sandhi ] 1.vyAkaraNa saMskRta-pravezikA [2: sandhi 2. guNa-sandhi ('a' ke sAtha asamAna mUla svaroM kI sandhi ) : (ka) adeG guNaH-at (hrasva 'a' ) aura eDa (eo) kI guNasaMjJA hotI hai| guNasaMjJA hone para agale sUtra se guNa ekAdeza hotA hai| (kha) AdguNaH ( a, A + ik-guNa)-prAt ( avarNa - a A) se [ ik pare ].guNa ho, arthAt a, A ke bAda yadi koI asavarNa mUla svara ( ik ) AtA hai to donoM ke sthAna para guNa ekAdeza ho jAtA hai| jaise-(ka) ba, A+ i, Ie>upa- indraH- upendraH, ramA+IzaH- ramezaH, deva+IzaH- devezaH / (kha) ba, mA+u, U-o>gaGgA+ udakam - gaGgodakam, para+ upkaarH-propkaarH| - (ga) a, A+, ar*>brahma + RSiH - brahmarSiH, mahA + RSiH- maharSiH / 1. guNa sandhi ke apavAda ( vRddhi-sandhi )-- (ka) akSAhinyAmupasaMkhyAnam (vA.)-'akSa' zabda se 'kahinI' zabda pare hone para pUrva-para ke sthAna meM vRddhi ekAdeza hogaa| jaise--akSa + ahinIakSauhiNI ( caturaGgiNI senaa)| (kha) prAdahoDhoDhayeSeSyeSu ( vA0 -- pra upasarga se pare Uha kara di eSa aura eSya hoM to vRddhi ekAdeza / jaise-. pra+UhaH adaH UtiH eSaH eSyaH-prauhaH ( utkRSTa tarka), prauDhaH (bar3A), praudiH (praur3hatA), preSaH (preraNA), preSyaH (sevaka) / preSaH aura preSyaH meM pararUpa kA bAdha hai| (ga) Rte ca tRtIyAsamAse (vA.)-avarNa se Rn zabda ke pare tRtIyA sagAsa meM vRddhi ekAdeza hogA / jaise-kha+ RtaHsukhAta: (sukhena RtaH - sukha se praat)| tRtIyA samAsa na hone para guNa hI hogaa| jaise-parama+RtaH-paramataH (paramazcAsau RtaH - mukt)| (gha) pravatmatarakambalavasanArNavazAnAmaNe (vA.)-pramAdi se pare RNa zabda ke hone para vRddhi ekAdeza / jaise-4+RNam -prArNam ( adhika karjA ), vatsatarANam (choTe bachar3e ke lie liyA-huA karjA), kambalArNam, RNArNam, dazArNam (desh-vishess)| (3) svAdIreriNoH (vA.)sva+Ira, Irin, IriNI - svaraH, svairin, svairiNI (vybhicaarinnii)| (ca) upasargAdRti bAtI (6.1.61)-avarNAnta upasarga se pare RkArAdi dhAtu ho to vRddhi| jaise-+ Rcchati -prArchati (jAtA hai), upAnchati ( samIpa meM pahu~catA hai)| 2. uraNa raparaH(1.1.51)- >ar, la>al )-zala ke sthAna meM jo 'aN' (a ) hotA hai baha rapara aura lapara ('rala' hai para-bAda meM jisake arthAt bar ir ura al it ul ) hokara hI pravRtta hotA hai| yahA~ rasara meM prayukta 'ra' se 'ra' pratyAhAra (ra, la)lenA hai (ra aura la meM abheda (gha) a, A+ba- al >tava sakAra:-tavalkAraH (terA lakAra) I. vRddhi-sandhi ( a, A ke sAtha saMyukta svaroM kI sandhi ) : (ka) vRzirAdaica-bAkAra' aura aica (ai au) kI paddhisaMzA hotI hai. pazcAt 'vRdhireci' se eca ( e o ai po) ko vRddhi ekAdeza (aibI) hotA hai| (kha) vRddhireci ( a, A+ec = vRddhi)-[ avarNa se ] ec para hone para vRddhi hotI hai, arthAt a, A ke bAda yadi koI saMyukta svara ( ec ) AtA hai to donoM ke sthAna para vRddhi (ai, o) hotI hai| jaise-(ka) a, A+e, ai> hita+eSin - hitaiSin, deva+aizvaryam = devazvayam, pazca+ete = pazcaite, mA. evam -maivam / (sa) a, A o, au-au> gaGgA+opaH-gaGgodhaH, deva+ auSadham - devauSadham, darzana+autsukyam = dazanotsukyam / 4. yaNa-sandhi ( 'ik' ke sAtha asamAnaM svaroM kI sandhi ): iko yaNaci (i + asamAnasvara-yaNa)-'ac' pare rahane para 'ika' ko 'yaNa' hotA hai, arthAt hrasva athavA dIyaM i, u, R, na (ik ) apane sadRza antaHstha varNI (yaN - ya, va, ra, l ) meM badala jAte haiM, yadi bAda meM koI asamAna svara (a) ho| jaise-(ka) I+asamAnasvara-4>yadi + apiyadyapi, nadI+api nadyapi, sudhI+ upAsyaH-suvyupAsyaH / (kha), + asamAna svara ->su+Agatam -svAgatam, anu+eSaNam - anveSaNam, madhu+ ariH- madhvariH / (ga) R, R+ asamAna svara->mAtR + icchAmAtricchA, dhAtR+aMzaH-dhAvaMza: (brahmA kA aMza), pitR + audAryam-pitrIdAryam, pitR + anumati:-pitranumatiH, mAtR + AzA-mAtrAjJA / (gha) + asamAna svara-la>kha AkRtiH - lAkRtiH (ba ke samAna AkRti vAle kRssnn)| anya udAharaNa-dadhi + Anaya - dadhyAnaya, prati + ekam - prtyekm| / bhI mAnA jAtA hai)| jaise-(ka) ara > kRSNa + Rddhi:-kRSNadiH, grISma+RtuH - griissmrtuH| (sa) al > mama + kAraH- mamalkAra, tvlkaarH| (ga) i>++ti-kirati (dekheM-'bhUta dhAtoH' 7.1.100) / (gha) u>pi + tas = pipUrtaH ( dekheM-'udoSThayapUrvasya' 7.1.102) / 5. mizeSa ke lie dekhie, guNasandhi aura pararUpasandhi / .. samapi ca' (8.4.47) aca se pare.'yara' ko vikalpa se dvitva hotA hai, parantu 'yara' ke Age bac' hone para nahIM hogaa| isa pUtra se dvitvaM hone para bhanya rUpa bhI baneMge-sukhapupAsyaH, madarUvariH, dhaatvdhH|

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20] , saMskRta-pravezikA / 2: sandhi svara-sandhi 1 : vyAkaraNa [21 5. ayAdi-sandhi ( epa ke sAtha samAna asamAna svaroM kI sandhi) : eco'yavAyAvaH ( eca + svara- ayAdi Adeza)-'eca' ( e ai o au) ko kramazaH ay Ay av A Adeza hote haiM [ yadi bAda meM koI bhI svara ho] jaise-(ka)e+svara - ay > hare+e-haraye, ze + anam - zayanam. ne+ anam = nayanam / (kha) ai+svara-Aya> + aka:- nAyakaH, kasmai+ aizvaryam = kasmAyazvaryam / (ga) o+ svara-a> viSNo + iti = viSNa1. vizeSaH-(ka) vAntopi pratyaye ( 6.1.76 )-o au ke bAda yakArAdi pratyaya ho to bhI avAdi Adeza hoNge| jaise-go + yam - gavyam (go kA vikAra dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi), nau + yam -nAvyam (naukA se narane yogya jle)| kha) adhvaparimANe ca (vA.)-mArga ke parimANa artha meM gI zabda ke Age 'yUtiH' zabda hone para bhI avAdeza hogaa| jaise-go+yUtiHganyUtiH (do kos)| (ga) kSayya-jayyI zakyArthe (6.1.81)zakyA hone para 'kSe je ke' ke 'e' ko ayAdeza hotA hai yadi bAda meM yakArAdi pratyaya ho / jaise-kSe+yam = kSayyam / jayyam, krayyam / / anyatra-kSeyam, jeyam, keyam / lopaH zAkalpasya ( 83.16)-ayAdi Adeza hone para 'yU' aura 'bu' kA vikalpa se lopa hotA hai, yadi padAnta 'ya' aura 'ba' ke pahale 'a A' ho aura bAda meM 'az' varNa / jaise-hare+iha-harayiha, hara iha / viSNo + iha-. viSNaviha, viSNa iha / te+AgatAH = tayAgatAH, ta aagtaa| 'lopaH zAkalyasya' se 'yava' kA lopa hone ke bAda yadyapi 'hara iha meM guNa-sandhi prApta thI parantu pANini-vyAkaraNa kA eka sUtra hai 'pUrvA'siddham (8.2.1) jisakA tAtparya hai ki isa sUtra ke bAda ke sUtroM dvArA kie gaye kArya isase pUrvavartI sUtroM ke prati asiddha (na kie gaye kI taraha) hai| tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki aSTAdhyAyI meM 8 adhyAya haiM, pratyeka adhyAya meM 4-4 pAda haiM aura pratyeka pAda meM kaI-kaI sUtra haiN| 'pUrvatrA'siddham' AThaveM adhyAya ke dUsare pAda kA pahalA sUtra hai| arthAt isase pahale aSTAdhyAyI ke savA sAta 'adhyAya haiM aura bAda meM tripAdI mAtra (AThaveM adhyAya ke tIna pAda mAtra), 'lopaH zAkalyasya' (8.3.16.) yaha sUtra vipAdI ( 'pUrvatrA'siddham' ke bAda) kA hai| ataH isase 'yu v' kA lopa hone para bhI 'AdguNaH' (6187) sUtra ( jo ki tripAdI se pUrvavartI hai ) se guNa-sandhi nahIM hogI kyoMki 'ya va' kA lopa hone para bhI use asiddha ( avyavahita) mAnA jAyegA aura taba 'ya v' ke lopa hone se guNa-sandhi ( hare+iha -- hareha ) nahIM hogii| noTa-yaha niyama sarvatra lAgU hotA hai| viti, viSNa iti; viSNo+e-viSNave, bhU> bho + ati - bhavati / (gha) au + svara - Ava pau+akaH = pAvakaH, dau+ upamitI dvAyupamitI, devI+ thAgatI - devAvAgato, devA maagto| 6. pUrvarUpa-sandhi ( padAnta 'e o' ke sAtha 'a' kI sandhi ) - eDa: padAntAdati ( eka+a-pUrvarUpa)-at (a) pare hone para padAnta "eha' se pUrvarUpa hotA hai arthAt padAnta 'e o' (eka) ke bAda yadi ho to paravarNa (a) pUrvavarNa (enao) meM praviSTa hokara tadrUpa (e o rUpa) ho jAtA hai| isa taraha 'a' vahA~ nahIM raha jAtA / pUrvarUpa ko sUcita karane ke lie avagrahacihna ('' ke sthAna para '5') lagA diyA jAtA hai| jaise-(ka) e+ a-e> hare+ava- hare'vaH saMsAre+yasmin , saMsAre'smin, ke+apike'pi / (kha) o+ ao'> viSNo + ava - viSNo'va; bAlaH>bAlo+ atra - bAlo'tra, paNDito + avadat = paNDito'vadat / noTa--yaha sUtra ayAdi-sandhi kA pratiSedhaka hai| 7. pararUpa-sandhi (akArAnta upasarga+ekArAdi yA okArAdi dhAtu kI sandhi) : eDi pararUpam (akArAnta upasarga + ekAdi dhAtu-pararUpa)-[akArAnta upasarga ke bAda yadi ] 'e' athavA 'o' (eka) se prArambha hone vAlI dhAtu ho to pararUpa'a' paravarNa rUpa) ho jAtA hai| jaise-(ka) a+e e>pra+ejateprejate ( adhika kA~patA hai ), ava+ ejate - avejate (kA~patA hai), pra+eSayatipreSayati ( bhejatA hai)| (kha) a+o = o>upa+oSati - upoSati ( jalAtA 1. parantu go + agram - go'pram, go agram, gavAnam ye tIna rUpa bneNge| dekheM 'sarvatra vibhASA goH' (6. 1. 122) tathA avaG sphoTAyanasya (1.1.123) / 2. (ka) etyedhatyUThasu (6. 1.86)-'a' ke bAda ekArAdi dhAtu (iNa, edha ) ke rahane para tathA UTha sambandhI UkAra ke rahane para donoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| jaise-upa + eti- upaiti, upa+ edhate- upadhate, ava+eSi-avaSi, praSTha + UhaH - praSThauhaH / (kha) eve cAniyoge (vA.)-'a' ke bAda 'eva' ( anizcaya artha vAcaka hone para ) ho to pararUpa hogaa| jaise--kv+evgoy| parantu nizcaya artha rahane para vRddhi-adya + eva-ava / (ga) bhomADozca (6.1.15.)-'om' aura 'AG' ho to pararUpa-zivAya + bhogamaH zivAyoM namaH / ziva + A + ihi = zivehi / (gha otvoSThayoH gamAse vA (vA.)-otu' aura 'oSTha ho to-sthala+otuH-sthalotu, bhUlItuH ( moTA viDAla ) kaNTha + oSTham -kaNThoSTham, kaNThautama /

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saMskRta-pravezikA [ 2.: sandhi 1.pra+oSati-proSati (adhika jalAtA hai), av+ossti-avossti| noTa-yaha sUtra vRddhi-sandhi kA pratiSedhaka hai| 8. prakRtimAva- sadhyabhAva (pluta yA pragRhyasaMzaka ke sAtha svara hone pr)| plutapragRhmA avi nityam (plutasaMjJaka, pragRyasaMjJaka+svara prakRtibhAva )plutasaMjJaka aura pragRhyasaMjJaka varNa ko prakRtibhAva ( yathApUrva:- sandhyabhAva ) hotA hai| yadi bAda meM koI svara varNa ho / "luta-saMjJA aura pramA-saMjJA ke vidhAyaka nimna do pramukha sUtra haiM (a), dUrAddhate ca (dUra saMbodhanAnta svara+svara-plutasaMjJA)-dUra sthita vyakti ko jora se bulAne para sambodhita pada ke antima svara kI pluta-saMzA hotI hai| jaise-Agaccha dRSNa 3+atra gauzvarati - Agaccha kRSNa3 atra gozcarati (dIrgha-sandhi nahIM huii)| Agaccha rAma3 iha lakSmaNaH (guNa-sandhi nahIM huii| noTa-(1) dIrgha-sandhi Adi ke prApta hone para bhI pluta-saMjJA hone se koI sandhi nahIM huii| (2) plutasaMjJaka svara ke bAda tIna kA achu diyA rahatA hai| (ba) IdedvivacanaM pragRhyam (dvivacanAnta I, U, e+svara - pragRhyasaMjJA)-- IkArAnta, UkArAnta aura ekArAnta pada kI pragRhya-saMzA hotI hai, yadi vaha pada vivacana kA ho aura usake bAda koI svara ho|' jaise-(ka) harI+eto = harI etI ( yaNa-sandhi nahIM huii)| (kha) viSNU + imI-viSNU imau (ye do viSNu / vyajana-sandhi ] 1: vyAkaraNa [ 23 ko kabhazaH 's' aura 'pavarga' hotA hai| jaise-rAmas + zete - rAmazete, sat + caritram -saccaritram, .yAc + nA yAcyA ( mAMganA), rAmas +cinotirAmapiyanoti ( rAma dhunatA hai), sUryas + naH - sUryasyAnaH, vipada+jAlam - vipajjAlam, ya+naH- yshH| 2.Tutva-sandhi ('s' aura 'tavarga' ke sAtha 'e' aura 'Tavarga kI sandhi: STunA STaH (s, tavarga+e, Tavarga - STutva) 's' yA 'tavarga' ke bAda meM athavA pahale '' yA 'Tavarga' kA koI bhI varNa ho to 's' aura 'tavarga' kramazaH 'e' aura 'Tava' meM badala jAte haiN| jaise-rAmas + SaSThaH-rAmaSSaSThaH (rAma chaThA hai), peSa+tA - peSTA (pIsane vAlA), adhikyAtA - adhiSThAtA (svAmI ), tat + TIkA-saTThIkA, pra + taa-prssttaa|| 3. jaztva-sandhi ('aghoSa' aura 'ghoSa' vargoM kI sandhi ): jhalAM jazo'nte (aghoSa+ghoSa - ghoSa / padAnta bhAlu+koI bhI varNa / jagatva)-padAnta kanvA (varga ke prathama varNa ) ko kramaza: gajara (varga kA tRtIya varNa) hotA hai| jaise-vAk + IzaH - vAgIzaH (vahaspati), 1. zAt (8.4.44)-'' ke bAda 'tavarga" ho to 'icutva' nahIM hogaa| jaise-viz + naH-viznaH (gati, bhASaNa), praz + naH-praznaH / / 2. dRtva niSedha (ka) to: Si (8. 4. 43)-'tavarga' ke bAda '' ho to| jaise- + SaSThaH sanaSaSThaH ( sajjana chaThA hai), mayUrAt ssnnmukhH| (kha) na padAntADoranAm (8. 4. 42); anAmnavatinagarINAmiti vAcyam (vA0)-padAnta 'Tavarga' ke bAda (nAma, navati, nagarI zabdoM ko chor3akara) 's' yA 'tavarga" ho to| jaise-SaT + santaH : SaTsantaH (chaH sajjana ), SaTte ( ve chaH) apavAda--SaT + nAm - SaNNAm (chaH ko), SaNNavatiH (66), SaNNagaryaH / 3. (ka) yaro'nunAsike'nunAsiko vA (8, 4. 45 )-padAnta yara+am vikalpa se anunAsikatva / padAnta 'yara' ('ha' chor3akara zeSa vyaJjana ) ko vikarupa se (.usI varga kA) anunAsikatva hotA hai, yadi bhAda meM koI anunAsika varNa ho| jaise-mada+nItiH-mantrItiH, madanItiH; dhig+ mUrkham-dhimUrkham, ghigmUkham, jagannAthaH, jaganAthaH etanmurAriH, etadmurArisanmArgaH, sadmArgaH / (kha) pratyaye bhASAyAM nityam (vA.) yadi padAnta 'yara' ke bAda koI anunAsika pratyaya mAtra ho to nitya anunAsikatva hotA hai / jaise-cit + mayam - cinmayam; tad+mAtram - tanmAtram; vAk + mayam - vAGmayam (zAstra), ap + mayam - ammayam, bhRDa+mayam - mRNmayam (miTTI kaa)| yahA~ pUrvarUpa-sandhi nahIM huii| anya udAharaNa-kavI+ AgacchataH - kavI AgacchataH, bAlike adhIyAte ( do khar3akiyA~ par3hatI hai), pANI AmRzati ( donoM hAtha poMchatA hai)| (kha) vya jana-sandhi ( Euphonic Changes in Consonants) 1 zcutva-sandhi ( 'ra' aura 'tavarga' ke sAtha 'z' aura 'cavarga' kI sandhi ) : stoH zcunA zcuH (sa, tavarga + z, cavarga = zcutva )-'s' yA 'tavarga' ke bAda meM athavA pahale 'z' yA 'cavarga' kA koI bhI varNa ho to 'sa' aura 'tavarga' 1. nimna sthAnoM para bhI pragRhya-saMjJA hotI hai (ka) adaso mAt (1.1.12)-jaba 'adas' zabda kA rUpa 'mI' yA 'muu| meM anta ho-amI+ IzAH-amI IzAH; amU + AstAm - amU AstAm / (kha) ot (1.1.15)-aho, atho, mitho, utAho ke hone para-aho IzAH, ayo api; mitho AgacchataH / (ga) nipAta ekAjanAi(1.1.14)'Aha' ko chor3akara eka rabara vAle nipAta ke hone para indraH. u umezaH /

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24 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [2 : sandhi vyajana-sandhi ] 1: vyAkaraNa [25 apa + ghaTaH = abghaTaH, vAk + dAnam - vAgdAnam, jagat + IzaH - jagadIyAH, SaT + eva-paDeva, cit + AnandaH-cidAnandaH, ac-+- antaH-ajantaH, sup + antaHsubantaH, dik+hastI = dighastI,dik + gajaH - diggjH| boTa-1. zeSa 'jhal'. vargoM ke udAharaNoM kA prAyaH abhAva hone se yahA~ kevala kca va p ko ginAyA gayA hai| 2. jhalAM jazazi (8.4 53)-apadAnta jhal + jhA -jaztva apadAnta ( padamadhya ) gha dadh m ( varga ke caturtha varNa) ko kramazaH n j idam ( varga kA tRtIya varNa) hotA hai, yadi bAda meM 'maz' ( varga ke 3, 4) varNa ho| jaise-duS + dham - dugdham; labh +dhaH labdhaH; sidh +dhiH- siddhiH / 1. catvaM-sandhi (ghoSa aura aghoSa vargoM kI sandhi ): sari ca ( bhoSa + aghoSa - aghoSa / jhan + khar - catvaM)- jda ( varga ke tRtIya varNa) ko kramamaH kanT ta pa (barga kA prathama varNa ) hAtA hai, yadi bAda meM koI 'khara' (aghoSa ) varNa ho|' jaise-tad +paraH- tAraH, SaD+TIkA-paTTIkA, vipada+kAlaH - vipatkAlaH, diga+pAlaH-dikpAlaH, ud+sthAnam utthAnam / ' 5 chava-sandhi ( padAnta bhay + + aT ke sAtha hone vAlI sandhi ) : zazcho'Ti ( padAnta jhay + z+aT - chatva )-'' ko vikalpa se 'cha' hotA hai, yadi 'm' ke pUrva 'maya' (varga ke 1-4 varNa ) ho aura bAda meM 'aT' (svara, ha. ya ba )' jaise-janat + zAntiH - jagacchAntiH, jagacyAntiH, 1. vAvasAne (8.4. 56.) yadi bAda meM koI varNa na ho to vikalpa se prathama yA tRtIya varNa hotA hai / jaise-rAmAt, rAmAda, vAk, bAm / / 2. utpAnam ( utthyAnam ) aura utthApakaH ( utthyApakaH)-yahA~ 'udaH sthAstambhoH pUrvasya' (8, 4, 61) sUtra se 's' ko pUrvasavarNa hone para 'ud+ + thAnam' rUpa bnaa| pazcAt 'jharo jhari savaNe' (8, 4. 65) sUtra se '' kA - baikalpika lopa aura 'sari ca' se 'da' ko 'da' hone para 'utthAnam' rUpa bnaa| 1. (ka) chatvamamIti vAcyam (vA.)-padAnta bhay + + am - chatva / / jaise-tad+zlokena- tacchalokena, taczlokena / (kha) jhayo ho'nyatarasyAm (8.4.62)-'ha' (nAda, ghoSa, saMvAra aura mahAprANa-prayatna vAlA)ko vikalpa se pUrvasavarNa ( usI prakAra ke prayatna vAle varga kA caturtha varNa) hotA hai, yadi pahale 'jhay' varNa ho (jhay + ha - pUrvasavarNa ) / jaise-vAk + hariH = vAgdhariH, vArahariH, ac + halo-ajjhalau, ajhlii| tada +zivaH- tacchivaH, tazivaH / / vAk +zUraH- vAkyaraH, vAkzUraH / tat + 'zrutvA-taccha tvA, samdhutvA, / SaT + zerate *Sacherate, ssttsherte| 6. anusvAra-sandhi ( padAnta 'm' kI vyaJjana varNa ke sAtha sandhi ): mo'nusvAraH (padAnta 'ma' + vyaJjana = anusvAra )-padAnta 'ma' ko anusvAra (-) hotA hai, yadi bAda meM koI vyaJjana varNa ho / jaise-harim + bande-hari vnde| satyam+vada- satyaM bd| pustakam + paThati - pustakaM paThati / gRham + gacchati - gRhaM gacchati / dharmam + cara-dharma cr| 7. parasavarNa-sandhi ( anusvAra kI 'yam' varNa ke sAtha sandhi): (ka) anusvArasya yathi parasavarNaH (apadAnta anusvAra+yam -parasavarNa)anusvAra ko parasavarNa (Age Ane vAle varNa ke varga kA paJcama akSara) hotA. hai, yadi bAda meM 'ya' (varga ke 1-5, ya ra la va) ho| jaise-zAM+taHzAntaH, aM+ka: -aGkaH, aM+kita:-aGkitaH (cihnita), ke+Tha: kaNThaH, ke +panam - kampanam, ghaM+TA-ghaNTA, paMcammaca, kAM+ta:- kAntaH (sundr)| (ba) vA padAntasya (padAnta anusvAra+yaya-vikalpa se parasavarNa)-padAnta anusvAra ko vikalpa se parasavarNa hotA hai, yadi bAda meM 'pam' varNa ho| jaise1. 'tad + zivaH' yahA~ 'stoH zcunA zcuH' se 'da' ko 'j', 'khari ca' se 'j' ko 'ca' hogA / pazcAt 'zaracho'Ti' se 'z' ko 'ch' hogaa| 2. (ka) nazcA'padAntasya jhali (8. 3. 25)-apadAnta 'n' aura 'm' ko anusvAra hotA hai, yadi bAda meM koI 'jhala' varNa ( varga ke 1-4, USma) ho| jaise~yazAn + si-yazAMsi / (kha) nazchavyaprazAn (8. 3.7)(padAnta m + chan + am - anunAsikatva tathA zara)-padAnta 'na' ko anunAsikatva tathA 'zar' (z s ) hotA hai (prazAn zabda ko chor3akara), yadi bAda meM 'chan' (c chaT t th ) aura usake bAda 'am' ho| jaise cakrin+jAyasva - cakri strAyasva, castriAyasva, kasmiMghicat, karimazcita . buddhimAzcAtraH, buddhimAzcAtraH, devAn +tarati-devAstarati, devAMstarati / parantu prazAn +tanoti prazAntanoti / apadAnta-hana + ti-hanti / toli (8. 4. 6.)-tavarga ke bAda 'la' ho to parasavarNa ( uccAraNa-sthAna ke sAsya se 'tavarga' ko 'la') hotA hai| yadi 'tavargIya' anunAsika varNa (na) hogA to usake sthAna para hone vAlA 'la' bhI anunAsika (le) hI hogA (tavarga+la-parasavarNa = lla.) jaise-tad + layaH -- tallayaH; ut + lekhaH- ullekhaH, vidvAn + likhati -vidvAllikhati; kuzAna+lAti -kushaallaatti|

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26 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [2: sandhi tvaM+karoSi tvaGkaroSi, svaM karoSi / nadIM + tarati-nadIntarati, nadIM tarati / phalaM +cinoti = phalacinoti, phalaM cinoti / jalaM + pibati jalampibati, jana pibati / madhuraM + gAyati- madhuraGgAyati, madhuraM gAyati / / 8. muDAgama-sandhi (padAnta Ga, Na, n kI svara ke sAtha sandhi): ' mI hrasvAdaci GamuNa nityam (hrasva svara+m + ac-muDAgama )padAnta 'ima' (in ) ke pahale yadi hrasva svara ho aura bAda meM koI bhI svara ho to nyur3Agama (kramazaH igna ) hotA hai| jaise-jAnan + apijAnanapi, pratyaka AtmA-pratyaGahAtmA, sugaNa + IzaH - sugaNNIzaH, rAjan + Agalcha - rAjanAgaccha, tasmin +adrau tasminnadrau, dhAvan + AgacchatidhAvanAgacchati / 9. tugAgama-sandhi (hrasva svara kI 'cha' ke sAtha sandhi): che ca ( hrasva svara +cha- tugAgama)-hrasva svara ke bAda yadi 'cha' ho to ''(tuka) kA Agama hotA hai| jaise -ziva+chAyA - zivacchAyA, saMskRta+ dhASA:- saMskRtacyAtrAH vRkSa+chAyA-vRkSacchAyA, hri+chaayaa-hricchaayaa| (ga) visarga sandhi ( Euphonic changes in Visarga) 1...rutva-vidhAna ( padAnta 's' aura sajuSa ke 'e' ko rutva-vidhAna ) sasajuSo kaH (padAnta 's', sajuSa kA ''> 1)-padAnta 's' aura sajuSa ke 'e' ko 'ra' (') hotA hai| jaise-ravi+s (su)+eva-ravireva, bhAnu+sa (su)+ udayaH-bhAnurudayaH, hari+s (su)+gacchati -hrigcchti| rAma+sa (su) rAmara ( raamH)| sajuS + medyati sajUpeMdyati, sajuS - 1>sajur - sajuH kavi + s(su) +ayam -kavirayam / moTa-(1) (padAnta s + pUrNavirAma %)-padAnta 's' ko 'ha' hone ke bAda agale sUtra 'kharavasA0' se '' ko visarga ho jAtA hai, yadi bAda meM pUrNa..virAma ho| (2) yadi padAnta 's' ke pUrva 'a' 'A' ko chor3akara koI anya svara ho aura bAda meM 'a' varNa ho to 'ra' banA rahatA hai, anyatra' anya-anya niyamoM se anya-anya kArya hoNge| 2 visarga-vidhAna ( padAnta 'ru' ko visarga-vidhAna ): kharavasAnayovisarjanIyaH ( padAnta + khar, pUrNavirAma-)-padAnta '" 1. yadi 'cham' ke pahale dIrgha svara hogA to GamuDAgama ( 'Dam' ko dvitva ) nahIM hogaa| jaise-devAn + atra-devAnatra / padAntAdvA (6.1.56)-padAnta meM yadi dIrgha svara ho to vikalpa se tugAgama hogA / jaise-lakSmI + chAyA- lakSmIcchAyA, lakSmI chAyA / visarga-sandhi ] 1: vyAkaraNa [27 (ru)ko visarga (:) hotA hai, yadi bAda meM 'khara' (varga ke 1,2 za Sa sa ), athavA pUrNa-virAma ho| jaise-punar + pRcchati-punaH pRcchati / rAma + kathayati-rAmaH kathayati / hari+su>>-hariH / zivar>zivaH / 3. matva-vidhAna (visarga ko satva-vidhAna ): (ka) visarjanIyasya saH (: +khar = s)-visarga ko 's' hotA hai, yadi bAda meM 'khara' varNa ho| jaise-gauH+carati - gauzcarati, bAlaH + calati1. (ka) kupvoHka pIca (5. 3. 37)-visarga ke bAda yadi 'ka kha papha' ho to visarga ko 'visarga' athavA 'ardha-visarga' (ka kha' ke hone para jihvAmUlIya aura 'pa pha' ke hone para upadhmAnIya ) vikalpa se hotA hai| jaise-kaH+karoti-ka: karoti, ka-karoti; kaH +paThati = kaH paThati, ka.: paThati / kAkhanati phalati vaa| (kha) pAzakalpakakAmyeviti vAcyam (vA.)-bAda meM 'pAza', 'kalpa', 'ka' aura 'kAmya' zabda hoM tovisarga ko 'm' ho| jaise----yazaH + kalpam yazaskalpam; yazaskAmyati; payaspAzam; yazaskam / parantu 'prAtaH+kalpam - prAtaHkalpam hI hogaa| (ga) iNaH SaH (8. 3. 36)yadi 'iN' (i, u) ke bAda visarga ho to 'Sa' hotA hai / jaise-sapiH+pAzam - sarpiSpAzama, sarpiSkalpam, sapickam, sapiSkAmyati / (gha) namaspurasorgatyoH (8.3.40)-'namaH aura 'puraH' zabdoM ke visarga ko 'e' hotA hai, yadi bAda meM karoti', 'kRtya Adi zabda hoN| jaise-namaH + karoti-namaskaroti puraskaroti, puraskRtya / (ka) idudupadhaspa cA'pratyayasya (8.3.41)-upadhA meM 'u' ho aura apratyaya sambandhI visarga ho to use 'e' hotA hai / jaise-duH+kRtam - duSkRtam: AviSkRtam / pratyaya-saMbandhI visage ho to-agniH+karoti-agniH karoti / (ca) tiraso'nyatarasyAm ( 8. 3.42)--'tiraH' ke bAda 'kavarga' ho to vikalpa se 's' hotA hai| jaise-tiraskartA, tiraHkartA / (cha) dvistrishcturitikRtvo'rthe| isusoH sAmarthya (8. 3. 43-44)-'dviH', 'tri.', 'catuH' tathA 'is us' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke visarga ko vikalpa se 'e' hotA hai| jaise-dviSkaroti, dviH karoti; sarpiSkaroti, sapiH karoti; dhanuSkaroti, dhanuHkaroti / (ja) nityaM samAse'nuttarapadasthasya / ataH kRkRmikasa kumbhapAtrakuzAkarNISvanavyayasya / adhaHzirasI pde| kaskAdiSu ca (8. 3. 45-48)-kucha anya zabdoM meM-papiSkuNDikA, dhanuSkapAlam, ayaskAraH, ayaskAmaH, yaskaMsaH, ayaskumbhaH, ayaspAtram, ayaskuzA (ayaH sAhitA kuzA) .ayaskarNI, sva:kAmaH, yazaHkaroti, paramayazaH kAraH, adhaspadam, adhaHpadam, ziraspadam, ziraHpadam, bhAskaraH /

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28 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [2: saNdhi visarga-sandhi ] 1: vyAkaraNa [26 cAlacalati / rAmaH + tiSThati - rAmastiSThati / viSNu: +traataa-vissnnustraataa| rAmaH + TaGkArayati - rAmaSTaGkArayati / - (kha) vA zari (:+za-:, s)-visarga ko vikalpa se visarga (athavA 's') hI rahatA hai, yadi bAda meM 'zara' ho|' jaise-kaviH + zRNoti-kaviH zRNoti, kavizzRNoti / hari+zete-hariH zete, hrishshete| rAmaH +SaSThaH = rAmaHSaSThaH, rAmaSSaSThaH / chAtrAH+santi-chAtrAH santi, chAtrAssanti / guNAH +Sad - guNAHSaT, guNASaT / noTa-yaha sUtra visarjanIyasya saH' sUtra kA hI vizeSa vidhAna karatA hai| 4. utva-vidhAna ( akArottaravartI visarga ko utva-vidhAna): (ka) ato roraplatAdaplute (a+:+a-3)-visarga ( sakAra-sthAnIya '6'-'2) ko 'u' hotA hai, yadi usake pahale aura bAda meM hrasva (apluta) akAra ho| jaise-rAmaH + asti-rAmo'sti / zivaH + acryaH-zivo'yaH / saH + api - so'pi / kaH + apaThat - ko'paThat / . noTa-visarga ko 'u' hone para 'guNasandhi' aura 'pUrvarUpasandhi' bhI hoNgii| (kha) hazi ca (a+:+hA -u)-visarga (sakAra-sthAnIya 'ka'- ''1) ko 'u' hotA hai, yadi usake pahale 'a' ho aura bAda meM 'haz ( varga ke 3, 4, 5, ha ya ca ra la) varNa ho| jaise-devaH + jayati-devo jayaMti / zivaH + vandhaH-ziyo vanyaH / bAlaH + lisati = bAlo likhati / ziSyaH + hasati -ziSyo hasati / rAmaH + gacchati - rAmo gcchti| noTa-visarga ko 'u' hone para guNasandhi bhI hotI hai| . 5. yatva-vidhAna (am' se pUrvavartI visarga ko yatva-vidhAna): bhobhAgo agho apUrvasya yo'zi (bho, bhago, adho, a, A++ az - ya)-visarga , sakAra-sthAnIya ''-'") ko 'yu' hotA hai, yadi visarga ke pahale bho, bhago, adho, a, A ho aura bAda meM 'az' (varga ke 3-5, 1. khapare zari vA visargalopo baktavyaH (pA)-visarga ke bAda 'zara' ho aura usake bAda 'khara' ho to visarga kA lopa ho jAtA hai| jaise-rAmaH + sthAtA-rAmasthAtA; bAhuH + sphurati = bAhusphurati / 2. maulika 'ra' hone para 'ra' hI rhegaa| jaise--prAtar+atra prAtaratra / punar + apRcchat - punarapRcchadaH punar + ayam -punarayam / 3. maulika 'ra' hone para 'ra' hI rhegaa| jaise-prAtar + gaccha-pAtargaccha / punar+vandhaH - punarvandhaH / 4. maulika '' hone para 'ra' hI rhegaa| jaise-prAtaH + AgataH prAtarAgataH svargataH / ha, ya, va, ra, la ) ho / jaise-devAH+ iha - devAyiha, devA iha / aghoH + pAhiagho yAhi / naraH+icchati - narapicchati, nara icchati / devAH + gacchanti devA gacchanti / bho:+devAH bho devAH / devAH+jayanti-devA jayanti / chAtrAH + Agachanti = chAtrAyAgacchanti, chAtrA Agacchanti / noTa-(1) hali sarveSAm ( 8.3.22) yadi 'm' ke bAda vyajana ho to 'yU' kA nitya lopa ho jAtA hai yadi svara ho to vikalpa se lopa hotA hai|' (2) 'ya' kA lopa hone para phira anya dIrgha Adi sandhiyA~ nahIM hoNgii| (3) utva-vidhAyaka sUtroM kI pravRtti na hone para hI yaha sUtra pravRtta hogA 6 'ra' lopa va dIrgha-vidhAna (visarga-sthAnIya 'ra' kA lopa va dIrgha-vidhAna): (ka) rori (ra+ra-pUrva 'ra' kA lopa)-'ra' (visarga-sthAnIya) kA lopa hotA hai, yadi bAda meM bhI 'rakAra' ho / 'ra' kA lopa hone para agale sUtra 'Dhalope0' se dIrgha hogaa| jaise-punara + ramate-punA ramate / harira+rAjate-harI raajte| (kha)Dhalope pUrvasya dIrgho'Na: (a, i, u+'dara' lopa-dIrgha)-'da' yA '' kA lopa hone para pUrvavartI 'aNa' (a, i, u) ko dIrgha hotA hai| jaise-punara + ramate - punA ramate / hariH>harir + ramyaH = harI ramyaH / zizu:>zizur + roditi|. = zizU roditi / antararASTriyaH = antArASTriyaH / 7.visarga (su) lopa-vidhAna ('etat' 'tat' sambandhI 'su' kA lopa-vidhAna): etattadoH sulopo'koranasamAse hali (eSaH, saH +hala = visarga lopa)-'eSaH' ( etat ) aura 'saH' ( tat ) ke visarga (su) kA lopa hotA hai, yadi bAda meM koI 1. lopaH zAkalyasya (8. 3. 16)-a, A+padAnta ya v + az vikalpa se ya, va lopa / jaise-devA+iha devAyiha, devA iha / te+AgatAH tayAgatAH ta AgatAH / rAtrI+AgatAH rAtrAvAgatAH, rAtrA AgatAH / tI+IzvarItAbIzvarI, tA iishvrii| viSNo+iha-viSNaviha, viSNa iha / vizeSa-dekhie, ayAdi-sandhi / 2. apavAda-manasa (3)+ rathaH = manorathaH / yahA~ 'rori' se 'ra' kA lopa prApta thA aura 'hazi ca' se 'utva' prApta thaa| aisI sthiti meM 'vipratiSedhe para kAryam' (1.4.2) se 'ra' lopa kI prApti huI parantu 'pUrvatrAsiddham (dekhie-ayAdi, sandhi ) ke niyamAnusAra 'hazi ca' se 'u' hokara 'manorathaH siddha huaa| 3. (ka) 'da' lopa kA dRSTAnta-lida+: lIDhaH ( ve do cATate haiN)| ud + = UDhaH / yahA~ 'Dha' kA lopa 'Dho Dhe lopaH' (8. 3. 13) sUtra meM huA hai| (kha) aN hI ko dIrgha hogA; anya ko nahIM hogA / jaisetRt + Dha-dRDhaH (mArA) / vRddhaH ( udyt)|

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visarga-sandhi ] vyAkaraNa a+a. 'a' se 'auM+ka,kha,pa,pha 'a' se 'o' + pUrNavirAma A+ haz 'i' se 'au+haz 'a' se 'auM' + ta, tha, a, i, u+ra 'a' se 'au'+sa, za, Sa / eSa, sa + hala A+'a' se 'au' 'i' se au+'a' se 'au| a+'yA' se 'au' ca, cha, Ta, | / pUrvavarNa+paravarNa sz lopa . (athavA '') S ..(repha) ., ( athavA :) , (o) u (os) n (+ 'aN' ko dIrgha) " ( athavA 'ya') 30 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [2: sandhi "hala (vyaJjana ) ho / jaise-saH + hasati = sa hasati, eSaH + tarati = eSa tarati / saH + zambhuHna zambhuH / saH+likhati =sa likhati / eSaH+viSNu-eSa viSNuH / noTa-1) 'saH' aura 'eSaH' meM 'ka' pratyaya jur3A ho athavA 'na' samAsa ho to lopa nahIM hogaa| jaise-eSaka: +hariNaH = eSako hariNaH, asaH (na saH) +zivaH - asaH zivaH / (2) 'saH' ke bAda hala ke atirikta varNa (svara) hone para bhI kahIM-kahIM su (visarga ) kA lopa ho jAtA hai| abhyAsa (ka)sandhi kIjie-vRkSa + upari, nava + UDhA, giri+IzaH, umA+ IzaH, mahA + aizvaryam, sadA+eva, ekasmin + ahni,aN+citH| dhig+ mUkham / iti + AdiH, prati + upakAraH, sakhI+aDaH, pacati + odanam, vadhU+ icchA, sAdhu+ iti, pitR + Ihitam, ze+ itaH, gaje+asmin, pacete+ imI, su + uktam, eSaH + abravIt, guru+ asti, bAlaH + atra, narAH + Agacchanti, zambhuH + rAjate, rAmaH + AgataH, eSa, + bAlakaH, vAyuH+calati, azvaH + dhAvati, zatrUna + jayati, madhuram + vadati, sam +oSaH, sat + zAstram, peS + tA, jagat + nAthaH,sad + matiH, ut + lekhaH, viS + nuH, ut + upanam, vAk + jAlam, jagat +bandhuH, vipad + zAntiH, ut + sAhaH, tRNaM + carati, ap + jam / (kha) pandhi-viccheda kIjie-tayeti, sUryodayaH, gar3o miH, gaNezaH, hitopadezaH, janmotsavaH, yathecchasi, tavaudAryam, mataikyam, adyaiva, jalauSaH, ekaikam, bhavanam, upati, atyuttamaH, ityAha, devA gacchanti, dekhyaupampam. pApakram, gurvaadeshH| anveSaNam, pavitraH, dvAvaitihAsikI, hare'va, mAle ime, vidyArthI ko'yam gajo gacchati, devAyiha. rAtrAvAgataH, nadyAstIram, pUNezcandraH, dayArNavaH, pRthvIzvara: dipAlaH, dhanaM dadAti, mahaTTIkA, ajantaH, digambaraH, tacca, ucchavAsaH, saMcayaH, mRNmayam, sanmArgaH, tallInaH, dhImAllikhati, jAnannapi, cakristrASasva, SaDeva, ucchiSTaH, satkAraH, tRNaJcarati, AkRSTaH, ujjvalaH, SaDdarzanAni, mahaddhanam, sanmatiH, tnn| 1. so'ci lope cetsAdapUraNam ( 6. 1. 134)-'ac' pare rahate bhI 'saH' ke visarga (su) kA lopa hotA hai, yadi vaisA karane se pAda kI pUrti ho / jaise saiSa dAzarathI rAmaH, saiSa rAjA yudhiSThiraH / saiSa karNo mahAdAnI, saiSa bhImo mahAbalaH / / noTa-'saiSa' (saH + eSaH -saiSaH ) yahA~ isa sUtra se visarga kA lopa ho jAne se iddhi-sandhi hokara 'saiSaH' bana gayA anyathA 'bho bhago0' sUtra se 'yatva' karake lopa karane para vRddhi-sandhi na hone se 'sa eSaH' banatA jisase pAdapUrti nahIM hotii| visarga para prabhAva visarga-sandhi bodhaka tAlikA rAmaH / hariH / rAmaH+kathayati rAmaH kathayani, rAma kathayati vaa| rAmAH+ santi-rAmAssanti, rAmAH santi vaa| hariH + gacchati -harigacchati / harihasati / rAmaH+tiSThati-rAmastiSThati / rAmazcalati / rAmaSTakArahariH+asti-harirasti / harirAgacchati / punaH+ ramate - punA ramate / hariH + ramyaH- harI ramyaH / / rAmaH + asti * rAmo'sti / rAmAH + Agacchanti -rAmA Agacchanti, rAmAyAgacchanti vaa| saH + likhati - sa likhati / eSaH + viSNuH eSa viSNuH / rAmAH + gacchanti rAmA gacchanti, badanti hasanti vaa| rAmaH+ Agacchati- rAma Agacchati, icchati vaa| rAmaH + gacchati rAmo gacchati, vadati hasati vaa| yti| udAharaNa

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strI . tRtIya adhyAya kRt-pratyaya ( Primary Suffixes ) 1.dhAtuoM se saMjJA, vizeSaNa, avyaya Adi [ prAtipadika ] zabdoM ko banAne ke lie jina pratyayoM ko jor3A jAtA hai unheM 'kRt-pratyaya'' kahate haiM aura unake jur3ane para jo saMjJAdi zabda banate haiM unheM 'kRdanta' (kRt + anta ) kahate haiN| 2. kRdanta zabda jaba saMjJA athavA vizeSaNa hote haiM to unake prathamA Adi vibhaktiyoM meM rUpa calate haiM, avyaya hone para sadA ekarUpa rahate haiN| 3. kucha kRdanta zabda kabhI-kabhI kriyA kA bhI kAma karate hai| jaise-gam + ktagataH, gam + ktavatu-gatavAn / ' 1. (a) 'kut' pratyayoM ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne mukhya rUpa se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-(ka) kRtya-pratyaya-ye saMkhyA meM sAta haiN| tavyat, tavya, anIyara, kelimara, yat, kyap aura vyat / ye karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya meM hI prayukta hote haiM-(kha) uNAdi pratyaya-'Na' pratyaya se prArambha hone vAle pratyaya / ye pratyaya bahuta adhika haiN| jaise-+ uNa-kAruH (karotIti kAraH); pR+ upaca-paruSama, Adi / (ga) zeSa kRt-pratyaya-kta, ktavatu, mul prAdi / (A) vyAvahArika dRSTi se kRdantoM ke do prakAra saMbhava hai--(ka) saMjAsUna kRdantajo kriyA kA svarUpa apane andara rakhate hue bhI vyavahAra meM saMjJA zabda kI taraha prayukta hote haiN| ye bhAvavAcaka, kartRvAcaka Adi ke bheda se kaI prakAra ke haiN| (kha) kriyA-sUcaka kRdanta--jo yadyapi subanta hI haiM parantu vizeSa rUpa se kriyA ko vyakta karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI kucha pUrNa kriyA ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta hote haiN| ye vartamAna kAlika, bhUtakAlika, bhaviSyat kAlika, vidhyarthaka, nimittA thaMka, pUrvakAlika Adi kaI prakAra ke haiN| 2. tiGanta aura kRdanta meM antara--yApi 'tiG' aura kRt' pratyaya dhAtuoM meM hI jur3ate haiM parantu tiGanta zabda sadA kriyArUpa hI hote haiM aura unameM anya pratyaya nahIM jur3ate haiM jabaki kRdanta zabda saMjJAdirUpa hote haiM tathA unameM bAda meM 'sup' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| ( dekhie sUtra--dhAtoH 3. 1.61, kRdatiG 3. 1.63) / 3. 'gataH' Adi kRdanta zabda yadyapi kriyA kA bhI kAma karate haiM parantu vAstava meM ye vizeSaNa hI haiM kyoMki 'gataH' Adi kA jo rUpa hotA hai vaha apane vizeSya ke anurUpa hotA hai / jaise--taH gataH, sA gtaa| zatR, zAnac ] 1: vyAkaraNa [za (4) 'k' yukta kRt-pratyaya ke jur3ane para dhAtu meM 'R i3' rahate haiM evaM 'ka'-lie kRta-pratyaya ke jur3ane para ve ra ya ba ho jAte haiN| jaise-dana + kta-vRSTaH, duz + tumun - draSTum, svap+ktvA- suptvA, svap +tumun-svaptum, yaj+kta-iSTa, yaj+tavyat - yaSTavyam, vac + tavyat = vaktavyam, vac + kta-uktaH, prahagRhItaH, graha+tumun -grahItum / apavAda-pRcchan (praccha+zata), upakRtya vaadi| (1) vartamAnakAlika kRt-pratyaya ( Present Participle )-zatR, zAna vartamAnakAla meM kisI kArya ke lagAtAra hote rahane ke artha meM parasmaipadI dhAtuoM se zatR ( at ), AtmanepadI dhAtuoM se zAnaca (Ana yA mAna) aura ubhayapake dhAtuoM se donoM prakAra ke. pratyaya hote hai / jaise-T8+ zatR-paThat (par3hanA huA) vRS + zAnac - vardhamAna ( bar3hatA huaa)| (ka) parasmaipadI dhAtuoM se 'zatR' pratyayAnta rUpadhAtu artha napuM0 puM0 (a) (an) (antI-atI) bhU-honA bhavat bhavan bhavantI paTha-par3hanA paThat paThan paThantI pA-pInA pibat piban pibantI 1. (ka) 'zatR' aura 'zAna' pratyayAnta zabda kartA ke vizeSaNa hote haiN| vaise gacchan bAlakaH / vardhamAnena bAlakena / paThantyAH nAryaH / paThantI strii| varSamA vanam / (kha) inake rUpa tInoM liGgoM meM calate haiN| jaise-bhata' pratyayAnta zannoM ke rUpa puM0 meM dhAvat', strI0 meM 'nadI aura napuM0 meM 'jagat' kI trh| 'zAnac' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'rAma', strI0 meM 'patA' aura naI0 meM 'jJAna' kI trh| (ga) kucha anya vartamAnakAlika danta rUpa / jaiseaas+shaanc-aasiinH| pU+zAnan-pavamAnaH / yaj + zAnan-yajamAnaH vid + zatR-vidat / vida + vasu -vidvas / (gha) Upara ke udAharaNa kartRvAcya meM haiN| yadi karmavAcya kareMge to karmavAcya kA pratyaya jur3egA aura sabhI dhAtuoM meM 'zAna' pratyaya hI jur3egA,zata nhiiN| jaise-pa) paThdhamAna ( paTh + ya+zAnac )-jo par3hA jA rahA ho| prayoga hogA paThyamAnaM pustakam / paThyamAnaH granthaH aadi| 2. (ka) adAdi, svAdi, kvAdi, tanAdi aura juhotyAdi meM 'atI' hotA hai / (kha) 1. laTaH zatRzAnacAvaprathamAsamAnAdhikaraNe / a0 3.2. 124. 2. IdAsaH / a07.2.83. 3. pUyajoH zAnan / a0 3. 2. 128. 4. videHzaturvasuH / a. 7.1.3

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saMskRma-pravezikA , [3: kRt-pratyaya kta, ktavatu ] 1: vyAkaraNa [35 sva-sonA (adAdigaNa) svapat svapan svapatI bRz - dekhanA pazyat pazyan pazyantI anya udAharaNa-sthA = ThaharanA> tiSThat, tiSThan, tiSThantI / zru sunanA> zRNvat, zRNvan, zRNvasI / as - honA ( adAdigaNa )>sata, san, stii| iS + icchA karanA (tudAdigaNa )>icchata, icchan, icchatI yA icchantI / * gAnA> gAyat, gAyana, gaayntii| nA- iMdhanA> jiprata, jighran, niyntii| accha- pUchanA ( tudAdigaNa )>pRcchadaH pRcchan, pRcchatI yA pRcchntii| ... (kha) AtmanepadI dhAtuoM se 'zAna' pratyayAnta rUpadhAtu artha napuM0 puM0 strI0 (AnaMm-mAnam ) (AnaH-mAnaH) (AnA-mAnA) bRdha -bar3hanA (mbAdi) vardhamAnam vardhamAnaH vardhamAnA IkSu - dekhanA (bhvAdi) IkSamANam . IkSamANaH / IkSamANA zauka - sonA (adAdi), zayAnam zayAnaH zayAnA sev = sevA karanA (bhvAdi) sevamAnam sevamAnaH sevamAnA (0) ubhayapadI dhAtuoM se 'zatR' aura 'zAna' pratyayAnta rUpa-- dhAtu artha napu0 puM0 (zatR, zAnac ) (zatR, zAnac ) (zatR, zAnac ) nI-le jAnA (bhvAdi) nayat, nayamAnam nayan, nayamAnaH nayantI, navamAnA -kahanA (adAdi) bruvata, bruvANam bRvana, bruvANaH bubatI, puvANA dA-denA (juhotyAdi) dadat, dadAnam dadada,' dadAnaH dadatI, dadAnA dhA rakhanA (juhotyAdi) dadhat, dadhAnam dadhat, dadhAnaH dadhatI, dadhAnA mA-jAnlA (dhAdi) jAnat, jAnAnam jAnan, jAnAnaH jAnatI, jAnAnA karanA (tanAdi) kurvat, kurvANam kurvan, kurvANaH kurpatI, kurvANA 'zatR' aura 'zAna' pratyaya jor3ate samaya sbharaNIya niyama". 1. laT lakAra ke prathama puruSa bahuvacana meM dhAtu kA jo rUpa banatA hai sameM se 'tira pratyaya haTAkara 'zatR' athavA 'zAnac' pratyaya jor3a diyA jAtA hai| 2. yadi 'zatR' athavA 'zAna' pratyaya jor3ane ke pUrva dhAturUpa meM 'a' ho to zatR' pratyaya jur3ane para usa 'a' kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura 'zAna' pratyaya jur3ane adAdigaNIya AkArAnta aura tudAdigaNIya dhAtuoM meM vikalpa se 'atI' aura antI' do rUpa banate haiN| jaise-bhAtI, bhaantii| likhatI, likhantI / (ga) ...anyatra 'antI' hotA hai|... 1. dviruktadhAtuoM maiM num' nahIM hogaa| ( nAbhyastAcchatuH / a0 7.1 78,) para 'Ana' ke sthAna para 'mAna' ho jAtA hai|' (2) bhaviSyat-kAlika kRt-pratyaya (Future Participle)-zatR, zAnaca vartamAnakAlika 'zata' aura 'zAna' pratyaya jaba laT lakAra ke prathamapuruSa bahuvacana ke dhAturUpa meM jur3ate haiM to usase bhaviSyat-kAla meM kisI kArya ke lagAtAra hote rahane kA bodha hotA hai| jaise-paTh paThiSyat (par3hatA huA hogA), dRza> drakSyat ( dekhatA huA hogA ), yAc > yAciSyamANa ( mAMgatA huA hogA), vRdh > vardhiSyamANa (bar3hatA huA hogaa)| bhU>bhaviSyat, bhaviSyan, bhvissyntii| saha sahiSyamANam, sahiSyamANaH, shissymaannaa| no-bhaviSyakAla meM zatR aura zAna ke jur3ane para usameM bhaviSyatkAlika pratyaya 'sya' yA 'isya' bhI jur3atA hai, zeSa vartamAnakAla kI taraha hai| (3) bhUtakAlika kRt-pratyaya ( Past Participle)-kta aura ktavatu' bhUtakAla meM kisI kArya kI samApti ke artha ko prakaTa karane ke lie 'kta' (ta) aura 'ktavatu' (tavat ) pratyaya hote haiN| jaise1. Ane muka (7.2, 12)...adanta aGga ko muk (ma) kA Agama hotA hai| ataH bhyAdi meM zap (a), divAdi meM zyan (ya), tudAdi meM za (a) aura purAdi meM zapa (1) jur3ane se ina gaNoM kI dhAtuyeM adanta (a+anta ) hotI haiN| ataH inhIM maNoM kI dhAtuoM meM 'ma' hogA, anyatra nhiiN| 2. (ka) inakA prayoga vizeSaNa aura kriyA donoM rUpoM meM hotA hai| jaise gatasya gatavataH vA bAlakasya (vizeSaNa ke rUpa meN)| bAlakaH gataH gatavAn vA (niyA ke rUpa meN)| (kha) inake rUpa tInoM siGgoM meM calate haiN| jaise-'kta' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM zama', napuM0 meM 'jJAna' aura strI0 meM 'latA' kI taraha / 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 peM 'bhagavata', napuM0 meM 'jagat' aura strI0 meM 'nadI' kI taraha / (ga) ktavatu' pratyaya kartRvAcya meM hotA hai| ataH ktavatu' pratyaya lagAne para kartA ke liGga, vacana aura vibhakti kA usa para prabhAva par3atA hai| jaise-- paThitavantaH / (gha) 'kta' pratyaya prAyaH karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya meM hotA hai| ataH 'kta' pratyaya lagAne para karmavAcya meM karma ke liGga Adi kA tathA bhAvavAcya meM bhAva (napuM0 ekavacana) kA prabhAva par3atA hai| jaise--tena pustakaM paThitam / tena hasitam / (0) matvarthaka, akarmaka, zliSa, zI, sthA, As, vas, jan, ruha tathA jU dhAtuoM se 'ma' pratyaya kartRvAcya meM bhI hotA hai| ataH jaba 'kta' pratyaya kartRvAcya meM 1. STaH sadA / a03. 3. 14. 2. ktaktavatU niSThA / a01.2.26. 3. gatyakarmakazliAgIsyAsadasajanamhanIyaMtibhyazca / a0 3. 4. 72..

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saMskRta-pravezikA 3: kRt-pratyaya napuM0 puM0 . strI0 dhAtu artha kta ktavatukta ktavatU / kta ktavatu. (tam). (tavat) (taH) (tavAn) (tA) (tavatI) bhU% honA> bhUtam, bhUtavat bhUtaH, bhUtavAn bhUtA, bhUtavatI gam - jAnA> gatam, gatavat gataH, gatavAn gatA, gatavatI paTh * par3hanA> paThitam paThitavat paThitaH, paThitavAn paThitA, paTinavatI kR. karanA> kRtam, kRtavat. . kRtaH, kRtavAn kRtA, kRtavatI saha sahanA> soDhan, soDhavat soDhaH, soDhavAn soDhA, soDhavatI dhA= rakhanA> hitam, hitavat hitaH, hitavAn hitA, hisavatI ghrA * sUMghanA> ghrANam, prANavat prANaH prANavAn ghrANA ghrANavatI prAtam / prAtavat dhrAtaH), ghAtavAn bhrAtA),ghAtavatI khid - khinnahonA>khinnam, khinnavat khinnaH, khinnavAn khinnA, khinnayatI muc - muktahonA >muktam muktavat muktaH, muktavAn muktA, muktavatI pA pAna karanA>pItam, pItavat, pItaH, pItavAn pItA, pItavatI pA - rakSA karanA>pAtam, pAtavat pAtaH, pAtavAn pAtA, pAtavatI jan -paidA honA >jAtam, jAtavat jAtaH, jAtavAn jAtA, jAtavatI 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama 1. dhAtu ko 'guNa' tathA 'vRddhi' nahIM hotii| jaise-ha>hRtaH, kath > kathitaH, bi>viditaH, pUj > pUjitaH, smR>smRtaH, ac>acitaH, pt>ptitH|| 2. vyanjanAnta 'seT' dhAtuoM se 'i' jur3atA hai, aniT meM nahIM / jaise-likh> likhitam / 3. 'kara' se 'Ira' yA 'Ura' hone para yadi dhAtu ke anta meM "ra' yA 'da' ho (dhAtu aura pratyaya ke madhya 'I' na hoM) to pratyaya ke 'va' ko n', dhAtu ke 'da' ko 'na' aura 'R' ko 'Ira' yA 'ura' hotA hai| jaise-tRtIrNaH; pR>pUrNaH; chid> chinnaH / bhibhinnaH, za> zIrNaH, ja>jIrNaH, ka>kIrNaH, ga>gIrNaH / 4. 'ba' Adi samprasAraNa vAlI dhAtuoM meM samprasAraNa ( yadi pahalA akSara 'ya. r, l, ' hai to kramazaH 'i, R, Tu, u') hotA hai| jaise-bra(vac )> uktaH; vas> uSitaH; yaj> iSTaH; svap>suptaH; graha>gRhItaH; praccha>pRSTaH, vaha > UDhaH, vad> uditH| hogA to usa para kartA ke liGga, vacana Adi kA prabhAva pdd'egaa| jaise--saH gRhaM gataH / tena bhUtam / 1. radAbhyAM niSThAto naH pUrvasya ca daH / a0.2.42. 2. igyaNaH samprasAraNam / a01.1.45. kvA, lyap ] . 1. vyAkaraNa 5. 'mA', 'sthA' ke 'A' ko 'i' tathA 'gA', 'pA', 'hA' ke 'A' ko 'I' hotA hai / jaise-parimitaH, sthitaH, gItaH, pItaH, hInaH / 6. yam, ram, mam, gam, hun, man, van aura tanAdigaNIya dhAtuoM ke 'm' aura 'n' kA lopa hotA hai / jaise-saMyataH, rataH, nataH, gataH, hataH, mataH / 7. jan, san, san ke 'na' ko 'A' hogA / jaise-jAtaH, sAtaH, khAtaH / 8. upadhA ke 'na' kA prAyaH lopa hotA hai| jaise-bandha baddhaH, daN>daSTaH / 6.pRSTha 38 (ktvA pratyaya) ke niyama naM04-5 bhI lgeNge| jaise-la> labdhaH, tya>tyaktaH, + sRja>sRSTaH / noTa-(1) 'kta' pratyayAnta rUpoM meM 'vat' joDa dene se 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta rUpa bana jAte haiM / (2) kucha anya 'kta', 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta rUpa-dA>dattaH; as> bhUtaH, ad> jagdhaH; pac>pakvaH; zuS>zuSkaH; zam > zAntaH; zI>NayitaH, sic>siktaH; bhAba>AhataH, gai>gItaH; *>trAtaH, duha>dugdhaH; divyU taH, cura> coritaH, praccha - pRSThaH, iS - iSTaH, zAs>ziSTaH, zuzrutaH, spRz>spRSTaH, adhi+i>adhItaH; kSi>kSINaH, kram >kAntaH, ci>citaH, budh > buddhaH, vi + dhA>vihitaH, liha>lIlaH, A+rabh >ArabdhaH, kam> kAntaH / (4) pUrvakAlika kriyA (Gerund - Indeclinable Participle) yatvA aura lyapa-kara' yA 'karake' artha meM ktvA (tvA) aura lyap (ya) pratyaya hote haiM / arthAt jaba eka kartA kI ekAdhika kriyAyeM hotI haiM to pUrvakAlika kriyAbodhaka dhAtuoM meM 'tvA' aura 'ya' pratyaya 'jur3ate haiN| jaise-bhU + ktvA bhUtvA / anu+bhU + lyap - anubhUya / ghA+ktvA - hitvA / vi+dhA + lyap - vidhAya / dhAtu batvA lyap dhAtu ktvA. tyap ji (jItanA) jitvA vijitya dA ( denA) datvA pradAya kR (karanA) kRtvA anukRtya gam (jAnA) gatvA Agatya, Agamya bhram (ghUmanA ) bhramitvA vibhramya pA (pInA) pItvA nipAya. bhrAntvA) nipIya (vi+paraba) i (jAnA) itvA upetya IkSa (dekhanA), IkSitvA parIkSya dRz ( dekhanA) dRSTvA saMdRzya daha ( jalAnA) dagdhvA pradA labh (pAnA) labdhvA upalabhya bad ( kahanA) uditvA anUdya noTa-1. ye avyaya hote haiM / ataH inake rUpa sarvatra eka samAna calate haiN| 2. jaba dhAtu ke pahale koI avyaya yA upasarga hotA hai taba 'lyap pratyaya jur3atA hai, anyatra ( upasarga Adi ke na hone para) 'ktvA' / 1. samAnakartRkayoH pUrvakAle / a0 3. 4. 21. zvakAlika niyA ke artha meM Namula pratyayI rolAjise-bhujabhoja bho

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38 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [3: kRt-pratyaya 3. 'nan samAsa' hone para 'lyap' nahIM hogaa| jaise--+ gam - agatvA 'ktvA' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama 1. dhAtu ko guNa yA vRddhi nahIM hogii| jaise-ha>hatvA, kR>kRtvA / 2. 'seT' dhAtuoM se 'i' jur3atA hai, aniT meM nhiiN| jaise--pa>paThitvA 3. 'vac' Adi samprasAraNa vAlI dhAtuoM meM samprasAraNa (ya, ra, la, va ko kramazaH i, R, la, u) hotA hai| jaise-vac> uktvA ; yaj>iSTavA; graha gRhItyA; svap>suptvA; vaha >UDhyA; vap>upavA; vas> ussitvaa| 4. dhAtu ke aMtima 'ca' tathA 'j' ko 'ka; 'da' ko 'ta'; 'bhU ko 'ba' aura 'e' ko 'da' ho jAtA hai| jaise ---bhuja>bhuktvA; pac>paktvA; budha> vuddhvA; tya >tyayatyA; chid >citvA, rudh > ruvA, labhU> labdhvA / 5. dhAtu ke aMtima 'kacha' aura 'z' ko tathA aj, sRj, mRj, yaj, rAga, prAj ina dhAtuoM ke 'j' ko 'e' ho jAtA hai| jaise-praccha> pRSTyA , mR> . sRSTvA; viz>viSTyA, yaj> iSTvA / 6. '' ko Ira' yA'kara' hotA hai| jaise-tRtIyAM', pa>pUrvA / 7 'dhA', 'hA' 'bhA' aura 'sthA' ke 'mA' ko 'i'; 'gA' aura 'pA' ke 'A' ko '' hotA hai| jaise-mA>mitvA; sthA>sthitvA; gA>gIvA; pA> pItvA, hA>hitvA, dhA-hitvA / / 8. yam, ram, nam, gam, hana, man, vana aura tanAdigaNIya dhAtuoM ke 'ma' aura 'n' kA lopa ho AtA hai| jaise-gam > gatvA han > hatyA / 6. upadhA ke 'na' kA prAyaH lopa ho jAtA hai / jaise-bandha > bavA / 1.. jan, san aura sana ke 'na' ko yA to 'A' hotA hai yA phira 'i' kA Agama hotA hai| jaise--an >jAtvA-janitvA; sAtvA-sanityA sAlA-khanitvA / noTa 1. prAyaH ye sabhI niyama 'kta', 'ktavatu' pratyaya jor3ate samaya bhI lagate haiN| 2. kucha anya 'kravA' pratyayAnta rUpa-kam> kagitvA-kAntvA; kam> kragitvA-kAntvA; zam>zamitvA-zAntvA; am>yamitvA-bAnsvA; dA>datvA, a>jamvA, ci>nitvA, duha>dugdhvA, sic>siktvA; kaha>slavA, hehUvA, gaN > gaNayitvA, anya > pranthitvA, ra> ravA-raGkasvA, bha> bhaktvA-bhaktyA, naz>naSTvAnaMSTvA-nazitvA, bhaj>bhajitvA / 'lyap pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama - 1. prAyaH dhAtu mUla rUpa meM rahatI hai| jaise-AnIya, Alisya, pradAya / 2. dhAtu ke anta meM yadi hrasva svara ( a, i, u, R) ho to 'lyap' ke pahale 1. rAmAro'napUrve ktvo lyp| a0 7. 1. 37 tavyada, anIyara ] 1: vyAkaraNa 't' (tuka ) jur3a jAtA hai| jaise-vi+ji>vijitya, pr+h>prhty| 3. Nijanta aura curAdigaNIya dhAtuoM kI upadhA meM yadi hrasva svara ho to 'lyapa' ke pahale 'aya' jur3atA hai| jaise pra+ga>praNamayya, vi+gaNa>vigaNayya, vi + raca>viracayya / 4. gam, mam, yam, ram dhAtuoM ke 'm' kA vikalpa se tathA han, tan, man / dhAtuoM ke 'n' kA nitya lopa hotA hai| jaise-A+ gam Agatya - Agamya, A+ han>Ahatya, pra+nam>praNatya-praNamyA, anu + man > anumatya / / noTa -(1) 'katvA' pratyaya ke niyama naM03 aura..6 bhI lagate haiN| jaisepra+vac>procya, ut + tU uttIrya / (2) kucha anya 'lyap pratyayAnta rUpa>i Aiya, vasU > adhyuSya, Apa > prApya, vidyAri>vicArya, prahAri> pahArya, sam + zI>saMzayya, pra+dRza >pradaya (Nijanta adhi+ i adhItya) (5) vidhi-kRdanta (Potential Participli)-tavyat, tavya, anIyara, yat' vidhi, cAhie, yogyatA Adi arthoM meM tabhyata (tabya ), tavya, anIyara (anIya ) aura yat (ya) pratyaya hote haiN| 'tavyat' aura 'tavya' pratyayAnta rUpoM meM koI antara nahIM hotA hai| usakA prabhAva kevala svarapra-kriyA para par3atA hai| (ka) 'tavyat' aura 'banIyara' pratyayAnta rUpadhAtu napuM0 puM0 (tavyam) (anIyam) (tavyaH (anIyaH) (tavyA) (anIyA) , bhU bhavitavyam, bhavanIyam - - - paTh paThitavyam, paThanIyam paThitavyaH, paThanIyaH paThitavyA, paThanIyata gam gantavyam, gamanIyam gantavyaH, gamanIyaH gantabyA. gamanIyA 1. (ka) vidhi artha meM tabyat, tavya, anIyara aura yat, ke alAvA 'kalimara' (elima), 'kyap' (ya) aura 'Nyat (ya) ye pratyaya bhI hote haiN| ina , sabhI pratyayoM ko 'kRtya-pratyaya' kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNa-pac+kelimarapacelimam, bhid>bhidelimam, stu+kyap stutyam, +Nyat-kAryam / (kha) kRtya-pratyayAnta saMjJAoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'rAma', napuM0 meM 'zAna' aura svI.' meM 'latA' kI taraha cleNge| (ga) kabhI-kabhI ina pratyayAnta zabdoM kA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| se-kartavyaM karma, dAnIyo vipraH (diiyte'smai)| 1. hasvasya piti kRti tuk / a0 6.1.71. 2. lyapi laghupUrvAt / a0.6.4. 3. tavyattavyAMnIyaraH / aco yat / a0 3.1.66.67 4. kelimara asaMkhyAnam (vaa.)| etistuzAsavRdRjuSaH kyap / (103. 16) / mRjevibhASA / a0 3.1.113 / RhaloNyat / a0 3.1.124 // 5. akAThamoM se kevala napuMke ruupvneNge| strI

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- saMskRta-pravezikA [3: kRt-pratyaya is draSTavyama, darzanIyam draSTavyaH, darzanIyaH draSTavyA, darzanIyA bhI netavyam, nayanIyam netavyaH, nayanIyaH netanyA, nayanIyA vAdAtavyam, dAnIyam dAtavyaH, dAnIyaH / dAtavyA, dAnIyA puca bhoktavyam bhojanIyam bhoktavyaH, bhojanIyaH bhoktavyA, bhojanIyA ra asavyam, adanIyam attavyaH, adanIyaH attavyA adanIyA pA paktavyam, pacanIyam paktavyaH, pacanIyaH paktavyA, pacanIyA kam kathayitavyam kathanIyam kathagitavyaH, kathanIyaH kathayitavyA, kathanIyA (gha) ye pratyaya karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya meM hI hote haiN| kartRvAcya meM isa artha meM vidhiliG kA prayoga hotA hai| karmavAcya meM inakA liGga Adi karma ke manusAra aura bhAvavAcya meM na ekavacana meM hotA hai| jaise-mayA pustaka baThitavyam / (Ga) kucha zabda kartRvAcya meM bhI hote haiN| jaise-bhavyo'yaM avyamanena vA / bhU+ yat-bhavyaH (honevAlA) / gai+ yat-geyaH (gAne vaalaa)| avac+anIyar -pravacanIyaH (vyAkhyAna karanevAlA), upa + sthA+anIyara - upasthAnIyaH (nikaTa khar3A hone vAlA), jan + yat - janyaH ( paidA karane bAlA), Aplu+ppat prAplabpaH (tairane vAlA ), Apat + Nyat ApAtyaH / (ca) Nyat (ya) pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-(1) RvarNAnta tathA halanta dhAtuoM se 'dhyat' hotA hai| jaise-+ Nyat - kAryam (napuM0), kAryaH (pu.), kAryA (strii0)| mRj + Nyat - mAryaH ( pavitra karane yogya / 'bhRjevRddhi' / a0 7. 2. 114 mUtra se vRddhi)| hahAryam / smR> smAryam / pa > pAThayam / (2) dhAtu ke antima svara ko vRddhi / yadi upadhA meM akAra ho to usakI vRddhi (A), anya svara ho to prAyaH guNa / mRj ke upadhA ke R ko bhI vRddhi hogii| jaise-mRj >mAyaH / kR>kAryam / vaha> bAhyam / han > ghAtyam / ha< hAryam / dhR>dhAryam / (3) cakAra aura jakAra ko kutva (ca>ru, ja>) hotA hai| jaise-mRja >mAyaH / bhuja> bhogya bhoga karane yogy)| vac>vAkya (pdsmuuh)| apavAda-yaj>yAjya / yajJa meM dene yogya, pUjya ), ruca> rocya / yAc>pAcya / bhuj > bhojya (khAne yogya ) / vac> vAcya (kahane yogya) / Rc> arghya / tya>tyAjya / (4) ukArAnta evaM UkArAnta dhAtuoM meM bhI yat' jur3atA hai yadi. AvazyakatA kA arthabodha karAnA ho| jaise->zrAvya (avazya sunane ke yogya ) / pU>pAvya / (cha: kyap pratyaya-iNa, stu, zAs, vR, dR aura juS cAtuoM meM [ tathA mRj meM vikalpa se ] kyA hotA hai| jaise-iN> ityaH, stu>stutyaH / mRz2a>mRjyaH / zAs>ziSyaH / vR>vRtyaH / A+> mAdRtyaH / juS> juSyaH / tavyat, anIyara, yat ] 1: vyAkaraNa [ 41 cur corayitavyam, coraNIyam corayitavyaH, coraNIyaH corayitavyA, poraNIyA cit cintayitavyam, cintanIyam cintayitevyaH, cintanIyaH cintayitavyA cintanIyA edhU . edhitavyam, edhanIyam - - - bhram bhramitavyam, bhramaNIyam bhramitavyaH, bhramaNIyaH bhramitavyA, bhramaNIyA 'tavyat' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama 1. dhAtu ke antima aura upadhA ke svara (i, u, R) ko guNa hotA hai| jaise-kR> krtvym| hahartavyam; likha> lekhitavyam ruda>roditavyam; duhu> dogdhavyam / 2. dhAtu ke antima c j > k meM, da> meM; bha>b meM; dh>da meM aura m > meM badala jAte hai| jaise-lam > lbdhvym| vac> vaktavyam; yudha > yoddhavyam, gam>gantavyam, nam>nantavyam / 3. dhAtu ke aMtima 'e', 'ai' ko 'A' ho jAtA hai| jaise->SAtavyam / 4. seT dhAtuoM ke bIca meM 'i' jur3atA hai| jaise-bhU> bhavitavyam / 'anIyara' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama 1. dhAtu ke antima aura upadhA ke svara ko guNa hotA hai| jaise-likha> lekhanIyam, i>ayanIyam, stu>stavanIyam, smR>smaraNIyam / 2. dhAtu ke antima 'e' aura 'ai' ko 'A' ho jAtA hai / jaise-gai>gAnIyam, >trANIyam / (kha) yat pratyayAnta rUpa 'yat' (ya) pratyaya prAyaH svarAnta dhAtuoM meM tathA pavargAnta dhAtuoM meM [ sAtha hI unakI upadhA meM 'a' ho ] jur3atA hai| jaise-dA+yat - deyam (napuM0), deyaH (puM0), deyA (strii0)| gam >gamyam / nam>namyam, jap>japyam / zapa> zapyam / lap>lapyam / lan>labhyam, ram ramyam / 'yat' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama .. 1. dhAtu ke antima 'A, i, I, o, au, e, ai' svaroM ke sthAna para 'e' (i>e) hotA hai| jaise-pA+ yat - peyam / hA>heyam / gla> gleyam (glAni karanA caahie)| ci>ceyam ( cayana karanA caahie)| sthA>stheyam / dA> deyam / dhA>dheyam / mA> meyam / ga>gepam / cho>cheyam / nI> neyam / 1. aco yat / poradupadhAt / a03. 1.67-68. 2. Idyati (a06. 4. 65)-'yat' pratyaya ke para meM hone para 'A' ko 'i' hotA hai, pazcAt 'i' ko 'e' guNa hotA hai| isI prakAra ai Adi ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA caahie|

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vul, tRca ] 1H vyAkaraNa 42] saMskRta-pravezikA [ 3 : kRt-pratyaya 2. dhAtu ke antima 'u U' ko guNa evaM avAdeza hotA hai| jaise-zru> pravyam / hu> havyam / bhU>bhavyam / su>savyam / 3. 'labha' dhAtu ke pUrva 'A' athavA 'upa' upasarga prazaMsA ke artha meM jur3A hone para num (na>m ) kA Agama hotA hai| jaise-A+ labhU> Alambhya / upalabh > upasambhya ( upalambhyaH sAdhuH - sAdhu prazaMsanIya hai / prazaMsA artha na hone para upalabhya = 'ulAhanA yogya' hogaa)| 4. vizeSa prayoga (pavargabhinna vyaJjanAnta dhAtuoM meM)-jan >janyam / han >vadh >vadhyam / zak> zakyam / saha sahyam / gadga dyam / ma>mAm / ghara > caryam / (6) nimittArthaka( Gerundial pfinitive )-'tumun / jaba koI kriyA kisI dUsarI kriyA ke nimitta se kI jAtI hai to nimittArthaka kriyA meM 'tumun' (tum ) pratyaya hotA hai| arthAt 'ko', 'ke lie' artha meM 'tum' pratyaya hotA hai| jaise-bhU>bhavitum, han > hantum, bA>dAtuma, dUg>, draSTum, saha >soDhuma, vaha > bodum, kR>kartuma, likh > lekhitum, gam > gantum, *>trAtum / 'tumun pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama 'tavyat' pratyaya jor3ate samaya jo niyama lagate haiM vahI yahA~ bhI lagate haiM / ataH 'savya' ke sthAna para 'tum' pada rakha dene se 'tumun' pratyayAnta pada bana jAte haiN|' (7) kartRvAcaka ( Agent of the action)-bula, tRca aura Nini kartA ( karane vAlA) artha meM khula (aka), tRca (tR) aura Nini (ina) pratyaya hote haiN| jaise1. (ka) 'tumun' pratyayAnta zabda avyaya hote haiN| (kha) tumunanta kriyA jisa kriyA ke sAtha AtI hai usakI apekSA tumunanta kriyA bAda meM samApta hotI. hai| jaise--saH rAmaM draSTu' yAti / (ga) tumunanta kriyA aura mukhya kriyA kA kA eka hI hotA hai / (gha) tumunanta kriyA ke bAda yadi 'kAma' yA 'manas' (icchArthaka) zabda hoM to 'tum' ke 'm' kA lopa ho jAtA hai| jaise-vaktukAmaH, vaktumanAH / / 2. kartA artha meM aura bhI kaI pratyaya hote haiN| jaise-khaca (a)-priyaMvadaH (priyaM 1. ADo yi / upAtprazaMsAyAm / a07.1.65.66 / 2. tugunNvulo kriyAyAM kriyArthAyAm / a0 3. 3. 10. 3. rAgAgaka keSu tumun / a0 3. 3. 158. kAmagopi kAzikA, 6.1.144. (ka) Nvula aura tRc pratyayAnta rUpa 'bula' pratyayAnta pada' . 'tRca' pratyayAnta pada' dhAtu. na puM0 strI0 napuM0 puM0 strI0 (akam) (akaH) (ikA) . (tR) (tA) (zrI) , vadatIti ) , vazaMvadaH, pativarA / khaz' (a)-stanandhayaH (stanaM dhayatIti). janamejayaH (jn+e+khsh)| Ta' (a)- divAkaraH, nizAkaraH, bhAskaraH, kurucaraH / ka' (a)---godaH (mAM dadAtIti), sukhadaH, budhaH, priyaH (priinnaatiiti)| ka" (4)-tAdRzaH (tad + dRz + kaJ ), sadRzaH / viva' ( lopa)brahmahA (brahma + han + kvip ), karmakRt, pakSacchit / Da" (a)-ajaH, dvijaH, sarvagaH, uragaH / lyU' (ana)-nandanaH (nanda+ lyu-nandhayatIti) janArdanaH / ca' (aka)-nindakaH, hiMsakaH / iSNuca"(iSNu)--sahiSNuH, alaGkariSNuH / Aluca (Alu)-dayAlu:, nidrAluH, zraddhAluH / u-cikIrSuH, pipAsuH / yuc" (ana)--calanaH (calituM zIlam yasya saH ) / SAkan 15 (ka) jalpAkaH, varAkaH (a+SAkan ) / 1. (ka) 'vula' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'rAma', strI0 meM 'latA' aura napuM. meM 'zAna' kI taraha cleNge| (kha) 'tRca' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa strI0 meM 'nadI'; puM0 aura na0 meM 'kartR' kI taraha cleNge| (ga) 'tRc' pratyayAnta padoM ke sAtha karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| jaise-dhanasya hrtaa| (gha) kabhI-kabhI dhula' kA prayoga 'tumun' kI taraha kriyA ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai|18 jaise-rAma darzako draSTuM yA gacchati / (ka) mRj dhAtu se 'tRc' pratyaya karane para 'mASTra' rUpa banatA hai / 1. vultRcI / a0 3.1.133. 2. priyavaze vadaH khaca / saMjJAyAM bhRtRvRjidhArisahitapidamaH / gamazca / a03 2.38,46-47. 3. a0 3.2. 26, 31-32, 35-36, 83. 4 a03. 2. 20-22. 5. a0 3.2. 3-4; 3.1.135-136,.144. 6. tyadAdiSu dRzo'nAlocane kazca / a03. 2.60. 7. 3. 2.61,78, 86, 177. 8. a03.2. 48,67-101. 9. nandigrahipacAdibhyo lyuNinyacaH / a03. 1. 134. 10. a0 3. 2. 146. 11. a03. 2. 136. 12. a0 3. 2. 158. 13. sanAzaMsabhikSa uH / a0 3.2.168. 14. a0 3. 2. 148, 151 15. jalpabhikSakuTTaluNTavRGaH pAkan / a0 3. 2. 155, 16. tumunNvulo kriyAyA kriyAyAm / a0 3. 3. 10.

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aura syuTa, gha, ktin ] 1: vyAkaraNa [ 45 krozati ),1 vAkSarAvI ( kauve kI taraha zabda karane vaalaa)| (cha) anya udAharaNa-graha+Nini-grAhI (grahaNa karane vAlA), sthA+Nini - sthAyI (sthira rahane vAlA), mantrI ( salAha dene vAlA), vas>vAsI, nivAsI, pravAsI, adhivAsI, vad>vAdI, prativAdI, laS > abhilASI, rAdh > aparAdhI, car> vyabhicArI, sR> saMsArI, dviSu > dveSI, rudh >rodhI, virodhI, druha >drohI, kR> adhikArI, gam > anugAmI / 44] saMskRta-pravezikA [3: kRt-pratyaya nAyakA nAyaka: kR> kArakam kAraka: kArikA kata kartA kI jan> janakam janakaH janikA janita janitA janitrI dA> dAyakam dAyakaH dAyikA dAtR dAtA dAtrI pa> pAThakam pAThaka: pAThikA paThitR paThitA paThitrI gam> gamakam gamakaH gamikA gantR gantA gantrI bha,as> bhAvakam bhAvakaH bhAvikA bhavitR bhavitA bhavitrI 'pavala' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-(1) dhAtu ke antima "svara (i, u, R) ko vRddhi tathA upadhA keMdra svara ko guNa hotA hai| (2) AkArAnta dhAtu meM pratyaya ke pUrva 'yU' jur3a jAtA hai| jaise-pA>pAyakaH, dhA>dhAyakaH / 'taca' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-'tavyat' aura 'tumunu' pratyaya meM lagane vAle sabhI niyama yahA~ bhI lagate haiN| ataH 'tum' yA 'tavya' ke sthAna para 'tR' rakha dene se 'tRca' pratyayAnta rUpa bana jAte haiN| (kha) "Nini' pratyayAnta rUpa jAtivAcaka saMjJAoM (rAma Adi) ko chor3akara yadi koI anya subanta (saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa) kisI dhAtu ke pUrva ho aura usase Adata (svabhAva-tAcchIlya) kA bhAva sUcita karanA ho to kartA artha meM Nini (in ) pratyaya hotA hai| jaiseuSNa+bhuja+Nini- uSNabhojin > uSNa bhojI (garama bhojana karane kI Adata vAlA - uSNaM bhumate tacchIlaH) / yahA~ 'uSNa' subanta pada guNavAcaka (jAtivAcaka nahIM) hai| zIta+bhuja-zItabhojin >shiitbhojii| AmiSabhojI, vanavAsI, sAtyavAdI, hRdayagrAhI, zAkAhArI, mAMsAhArI, mithyAvAdI, mitradrohI, mnohaarii| vizeSa-(bhAvata artha na hone para bhI)-(ka) subanta upapada rahate man dhAtu se|" darzanIya + man - darzanIyamAnI (sundara samajhane vAlA darzanIyaM manyate), pnndditmaanii| (sa) karaNa upapada rahate bhUtakAla meM 'yaj' dhAtu se soma+ya - somayAjI (jisane soma yAga kiyA ho), agniSToma + yaj - agnissttomyaajii| (ga) 'han' dhAtu se pUrva brahmAdi ko chor3akara kyoMki vahA~ 'kvip' hokara brahmahA, batrahA Adi baneMge....kumAradhAtI, zIrSaghAtI, pitRvyapAtI, putraghAtI / (gha) sAdhu aura brahman zabda yadi 'ka' yA 'bad' dhAtu ke pUrva meM hoN| jaise-sAdhukArI, brhmvaadii| (3) vrata artha meM - jlaashaayii| (ca) upamAna pUrva meM hone para-uSTrakozI ( uSTra iva 1. suSyajAtau NinistAcchIlye / a0 3.2.78, 2. manaH / a0 3.2.82. 3. bhUte karaNe yajaH / a03.284-85. 4. karmaNi hanaH / brahma gareSu kvi / a0 3.2.86-87. gAgArinagaMsthAnam / brahmaNi vadaH (vA.)16. vrate / a0 32.80. niyama-(1) 'Nita' hone se upadhA ke akAra ko vRddhi hogI (ata upadhAyAH / 7.2.116) / jaise-graha >graahii| drshniiymaanii| (2 upadhA ke svara (i, u, R) ko guNa antim|ko vRddhiA-uSNabhojI, adhikaarii| (3) AkArAnta dhAtu meM 'yuk' (yU) Agama hogaa| jaise-sthA+ yuk +Nini -sthAyI / (4) inake rUpa puM0 meM nakArAnta 'karin' kI taraha tathA strI0 meM 'nadI' kI taraha bneNge| (8) bhAvavAcaka saMjJAyeM ( Abstract nouns )-nyuTa, ghaJ aura ktin' bhAvavAcaka ( bhAva-kriyA ke svarUpa ke sUcaka) zabda banAne ke lie lyuT, (ana), ghaJ (a) aura ktin (ti) pratyaya hote haiN|' inakA prayoga saMjJA kI taraha hotA hai| jaise 1. bhAvavAcaka saMjJAyeM banAne vAle kucha anya pratyaya-(ka) 'aca' (a ) yaha pacAdi aura ikArAnta dhAtuoM se puM0 meM hotA hai| jaise-paca>pacaH ( dIrgha nahIM hogA), cur> coraH; yudh>yodhaH; ci> cayaH; nI>nayaH; ji>jayaH / (la) 'a' (deg) yaha RkArAnta aura ukArAnta dhAtuoM meM puM0. meM hotA hai| jaise-stu>stavaH; bhU>bhavaH; k>krH| (ga) 'aG' (a) yaha cinta Adi aura sopasarga AkArAnta dhAtuoM se strI0 meM hotA hai| jaise cintu >cintA; kath>kathA; pUj>pUjA; carca>carcA; pr+daa>prdaa| 1. kartaryupamAne / a0 3.2.76. 2. nandigrahipavAdibhyo lyuNinyacaH / a0 3.1134 3. lyuT ca / 10 3.3.115; bhAve / a0 3.3.18; striyA~ ktin / a0 3.3.64. 4. erac / a0 3.3.56; pacAdyac / a0 3.1.134; bhayAdInAmupasaMkhyAnam (vaa.)| 5. Rdoram / a0 3.3.57. gRhabudRnizcigamazca / a0 3.3.58., baziraNyo rupasaMkhyAnam (vaa.)| 6. cintipUjikathikumvicarcazca / aatshcopsgeN| a0 3.3.105-106.

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dhan, tin ] 1. vyAkaraNa [ 47 bhogaH rudh > rodhaH, ha>hAraH, (prahAraH, AhAraH, vihAraH), has>hAsaH, upahAsaH, paT > pAThaH, car > cAraH (AcAraH, pracAraH); vad > vAdaH (vivAdaH, apavAyaH), lam > lAbhaH, pra+nam >praNAmaH, diz >dezaH ( upadezaH, pradezaH ), A+ muda>AmodaH, vistAraH (vistR +ghaJ / phailAnA), vi+>vikAraH (kisI rUpa meM badalanA) (2) dhAtu kA antima ca>ka meM aura ja>ga meM badala jAtA hai (joH ku ghiNyatoH / a0 7.3.52.) / jaise-zuca>zokaH, ruj >rogaH, tyA tyAgaH, pac >pAkaH, (pakAnA), bhuj > bhogaH, mRja> maargH| (3) kucha anya 'gha' pratyayAnta rUpa-ci>kAyaH, ra >rAgaH, ni+i>nyAyaH, han >ghAtaH, vi + lap > vilApa: ( ronA) 'ktin' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-kamA pratyaya ke niyama yahA~ bhI lagate haiN| ataH 'tvA' ke sthAna para "ti' jor3a dene se ktin' pratyayAnta zabda bana jAte haiN| jaise-gam>gatiH (jAnA), sthA>sthitiH, p>kIrtiH, sRj > sRSTiH, gA>gItiH, kama> kAntiH, smR, >ramRtiH, dhudha > buddhiH, dRg> dRSTiH, bhram>bhrAntiH, ram > ratiH, bac> uktiH, man > matiH / saMskRta-pravezikA [ 3 : kRt-pratyaya dhAtu lyuT anam (napuM0) ghan = aH (puM0) ktina-tiH-(strI0)" bhU> bhavanam bhAvaH, prabhAvaH bhUtiH kR> karaNam kAraH, upakAraH kRtiH yaj> yajanam yAgaH iSTiH bhuj> bhojanam / bhuktiH 'lyuTu' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-'anIyar' pratyaya ke niyama yahA~ lagate haiN| ataH 'anIya' ke sthAna para 'ana' jor3ane se 'lyuTa' pratyayAnta zabda bana jAte haiN| jaise-gam > gamanam, paTh > paThanam, pA > pAnam, rud> rodanam, gai> gAnam, dhya>dhyAnam, likh>lekhanam, dRz > darzanam, ram ramanam ( ramanA), karaNam, grahaNam, smaraNam, bhakSaNam, zAnam (zA-jAnanA ) / 'gha' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama-(1) dhAtu ke antima svara (i, u, pA) ko vRddhi tathA upadhA ke a, i, u, R ko guNa / jaise-- (gha) na (a)- yajJaH, praznaH yatnaH / (Ga) ki. (i)-pradhiH, jaladhiH / (ca) kvi (lopa)-sampada, pratipad, pariSad / (ka) yuc' (ana)-dhAraNA, vedanA, vandanA / (ja) a-cikIrSA, pipAsA, bubhukssaa| (jha) gha" (a)AkaraH, ApaNaH (ba) khala' (a)-sukaraH (sukhena kartuM yogyaH ), duSkaraH, durlbhH| 1. (ka) 'syuT' pratyayAnta zabda napuM0 hote haiM / inake rUpa 'zAma' zabda kI taraha nleNge| (kha) karaNa aura adhikaraNa artha meM bhI 'lyuT' pratyaya hotA hai| jaise yAnam (jisase jAte haiM, savArI), sthAnam (jahA~ baiThate haiN)|| (ga) 'pajanta' zabda puM0 hote haiM / inake rUpa 'rAma' kI taraha calate hai| (gha) ina pratyayoM ke sAtha karma meM athavA kartA meM SaSThI hotI hai| jaise bhojanasya pAkaH tyAgo vA / zizoH zayanam / (Ga) 'ktin' pratyayAnta zabda strI hote haiN| inake rUpa 'mati' kI taraha calate haiN| 1. yajayAcayatavicchAccharakSo na / a0 3. 3.60. 2. upasarga ghoH kiH / karmaNyadhikaraNe ca / a0 3.3.62-63. 3. sampadAdibhyaH kvip / ktinapISyate (vaa0)| 4. NyArAdhantho yuc / a0 3.3.107; ghaTTivandividibhyazceti vAcyam (vaa0)| 8. a03.3.102-103. 6. a0 3.3.118-116. 7. ISaduHsuSu kRcchArtheSu khala / a0 3.3 126. 8. karaNAdhikaraNayozca / a0 3.3.117. *9. patRRkarmaNoH kRti / ubhayaprAptI karmaNi / a0 2.3.65-66. caturtha adhyAya taddhita-pratyaya ( Secondary-Suffixes ) 1. prAtipadikoM (saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa Adi) meM jina pratyayoM ko jor3akara pisI vizeSa artha ko prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai unheM 'taddhita' (tat + hitagatebhyaH prayogebhyaH hitA iti taddhitA-jo vibhinna prayogoM ke kAma AveM) pratyaya kahate haiN| inake jur3ane para banane vAle saMjJAdi zabda ( suvanta ) taddhitAnta kahalAte haiN| 2. taddhitAnta zabda prAtipadika se banakara punaH prAtipadika rUpa hI hote haiM, ataH inase avayavArtha ke atirikta eka viziSTa samudAyArtha kI bhI pratItI hotI hai| 3. 'kRt' aura 'taddhita' meM antara --yadyapi kRt' aura 'taddhita' pratyayoM se maMjJAdi 'subanta' zabda hI prAyaH banate haiM aura unameM 'supa' Adi vibhaktiyA~ jur3atI haiM, parantu 'kara' pratyaya kevala dhAtuoM se aura taddhita' pratyaya kevala prAtipadikoM se hote haiN|

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1: vyAkaraNa saMskRta-pravezikA (4: taddhita-pratyaya taddhita' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama'-(1) taddhita' pratyayoM meM jo Na, k, Adi anubandha lagAye jAte haiM unakA lopa ho jAtA hai| ataH ye 'Nita', 'kit' Adi saMjJA vAle kahalAte haiN| (2) 'mita', 'Nita' aura 'kita' saMzAvAle pratyayoM ke jur3ane para prAtipadika ke prathama svara meM vRddhi hotI hai| jaise-ziva + aN - zaivaH, varSA +Thaka (ika)- vArSikaH / (1) apatyArthaka ( Son or descendent of)-ina, aNa aura Dhaka' apatya ( santAna-putra yA putrI) artha meM in (1), aN (a) aura hak (eya) pratyaya hote haiN| ina pratyayoM ke jur3ane para kisI ke putra yA putrI kA bodha hotaahai| kisI vaMza yA gotra meM utpanna pautra Adi ke lie bhI apatya zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| (ka nimna sthAnoM meM 'iJ' (i) pratyaya hotA hai 1. [kucha zabdoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI akArAnta zabdoM se / jaise-dazaratha +i-dAzarathiH (dazarathasya apatyaM pumAn dAzarathiH- dazaratha kA putra, rAma: dakSa> dAkSiH; droNa>drauNiH ( azvatthAmA ); sumitrA>saumitriH (lakSmaNa videha>vaidehI (siitaa)| 2. bAhu Adi zabdoM se / jaise-bAhu>vAhaviH (bAhorapatyaM pumAn); uDuloca >auDulomiH (uDUni nakSatrANIva lomAni yasya sa uDulomaH, tasya apatyaM pumAn) / (kha) nimna sthAnoM meM 'aN' (a) pratyaya hotA hai 1. RSi ( mantra-draSTA), andhakavaMzI (yAdava), dRSNivaMzI ( ahIra ) aura kuruvaMzI se| jaise-vasiSTha+aN-vAsiSThaH ( vasiSThasya apatyaM pumAn ) vizvAmiSa>vaizvAmitraH; vasudeSa>vAsudevaH (kRSNa); aniruddha>oniDara yadu>yAdavaH; kuru>kaurava ; pRthA ( kuntI)>pArthaH; raghurAdhavaH; nakula) nAkulaH; kazyapa>kAzyapaH puru>pauravaH pANDu>pANDavaH / / 2. 'ziva' Adi zabdoM se-ziva>savaH; gaGgA>gAGgaH, vissnnu>vaissnnvH| 3. azvapati Adi (zatapati, dhanapati, gaNapati, rASTrapati, kulapati, gRhapati, pazupati, dhAnyapati, dhanvapati, sabhApati, prANapati aura kSetrapati ) zabdoM seazvapati> Azvapatam; rASTrapati> rASTrapatam; gRhapati >gAhayatam / 4. 'mAtR' zabda se ( yadi usake pUrva saMkhyA, sam vA bhadra pada ho)-dvimAtR +aN = dvaimAturaH (yormAtorapatyaM pumAn ); SaNmAtR>yANmAturaH (SaSaNAM mAtRNAmapatyaM pumAn zivajI kA jyeSTha putra, kumAra); bhadramAtR>bhAdramAtura (bhadramAturapatyaM pumAn - acchI mAtA kI santAna); sNmaatR>saaNmaaturH| 5. kanyA zabda se ( kanyA ko 'kanIna' Adeza hogA)-kanyA>kAnIra 1. anya smaraNIya niyama-(ka) (yuvoranAko / ThasyekaH / a07.1.17.3.50/ pratyaya ke yu>ana; bu>aka; Tha>ika meM badala jAte haiN| jaise-sAyaM +t +Tyula (ana)sAyantanam; zikSA+buna -zikSakaH, asti+Thaka (ika)AstikaH ( asti paralokaH ityevaM matiryasya sH)| (kha) (AyaneyInIyiyaH phaDhakhachaSAM pratyayAdInAm / a03.12)- pratyaya ke Adi meM sthita pha>Ayan: >eyaH s>In; cha> Iy gha>iy meM badala jAte haiM / jaise--yuSmad + cha (ISu )- yuSmadIyaH, asmAka+khana (In ) AsmAkInaH, vArANasI+ Dhak% vArANaseyam, grAma + khaJ-grAmINaH, rASTra +gha rASTriyaH / 2. apatya artha meM kucha anya pratyaya-(ka) yat (ya)-rAjan aura zvazura zabdoM se| jaise-rAjana + yat - rAjanyaH (rAjavaMza bAle, kSatriya jAti ), zvazura >zvaryaH (saalaa)| (kha) Nya (ya)-diti, aditi, Aditya, pati Adi zabdoM se / ' 'Nita hone se Adi svara meM vRddhi hogii| rUpa rAmavat cleNge| jaise--diti + Nya - daityaH, aditi >AdityaH, prajApati >prAjApatyaH / (ga) ba (ya)-garga Adi zabdoM se| jaise-garga >gAryaH, vatsa>vAtsyaH, kurukauravyaH, niSadha>naiSadhyaH / (gha) gha (iyU) kSatra zabda se / ' jaise-kSatra > kSatriyaH / (5) Thak ( ika )-revatI. 1. taddhiteSvacAmAdeH / kiti ca / a07.2.117-118. 2. tasyApatyam / a04.1.62. 3. apatyaM pautraprabhRti gotram / a0 4.1.162.. 4. rAjazvazurAdyat / a0.4.1.137, rAjJojAtAveveti vAcyam ( vaa0)| 5. dityadityAdityapatyuttarapadANNyaH / kurunA''dibhyo pyaH / 4.1.85, 172. 6. gargA''dibhyo yaj / a0 4.1.105. 7. kSatrAd ghaH / a0 4.1.138. Adi zabdoM se| jaise-revatI > ravatikaH / (ca) aJ (a)-putra >pautraH, paJcAla>pAJcAlaH / / 1. 'aN' kA apatya se anya arthoM meM bhI prayoga hotA hai| dekheM, pR057| 1. revatyAdibhyaSTak / a0 4.1.146. 2. anuSyAnantaye vidAdibhyo'J / janapadazabdAt kSatriyAdam / a04.1.104,168. 3. ata iJ / a0 4.1.65. 4. bAhvAdibhyazca / 04.1.61. 5. RSyandhakavRSNikurubhyazca / a0 4.1.114 / 6. zivAdibhyo'Na / a0 4.1.112 / 7. azvapatyAdibhyazca / a0 4.1.84 / 8. mAturatsaMkhyAsaMbhadrapUrvAyAH / a0 4.1.115 / 9. kanyAyAH kanIna ca / a0 4.1.116 / aveda meM kanIna zabda bhI hai|

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5.] saMskRta-pravezikA [4: taddhita-pratyaya ' (kanyAyAH apatyaM pumAn vyAsaH karNazca / / noTa-prAyaH 'in' se atirikta sthaloM meM 'aN' pratyaya hotA hai| ( nimna sthaloM meM 'Dha' (eya) pratyaya hotA hai 1. strIliGga (strI-pratyayAnta ) prAtipadika zabdoM se [ kucha ko chor3akara ]" jaise-kunti + Dhak-kaunteyAH (yudhiSThira Adi / ekavacana meM 'kaunteyaH' hogaa)| mAdrI mAdreyau ( mAdrI ke putra nakula aura sahadeva / ekavacana meM 'mAdreyaH' hogaa)| rAdhA rAdheyaH ( karNa), draupadI>draupadeyaH, gaGgA>gAGgeyaH, vinatA>vainateyaH (gaNr3a, bhaginI bhAmineyaH (bhaginyA apatyaM pumAn bhAnajA), tADakA> tADakeyaH, saramA sArameyaH, rohiNI rohiNeyaH / 2 zubhra Adi se / jaise-zaubhreyaH (zubhrasyApatyam pumAn), atri >AtreyaH, zakuni >NAkuneyaH, itara>aitareyaH, mRkaNDa>mArkaNDeyaH, pANDu>NDaveyaH / 3. anya udAharaNa-maNDUka>mANDUkeyaH, pravAhaNa>prAvAhaNeyaH pravAhaNeyaH vA, kalyANI>kAlyANineyaH, bandhakI>bAndhakineyaH, kulaTAkolaTeyaH kolaTineyaH vA, subhagA>saubhAgineyaH / 'i' 'aN' aura Dhak' pratyaya jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama' (1) Nit, kita evaM mit hone se zabda ke Adi svara ko vRddhi (a>aa| Iai uuu>au| R aar)| (2) zabda kA antima svara yadi a, A, i, I ho to usakA lopa aura yadi u, U, o, au ho to guNa aura avaadesh| (2) tulanArthaka - atizayArthaka ( Degree)-tarap, tamapa, Iyasun, iSThan jaba do ki tulanA (Comparative degree ) meM kisI eka kA utkarSa athavA apakarSa batalAyA jAtA hai to vizeSaNa meM 'taram' ( tara ) aura 'Iyasun' ( Iyas ) pratyaya hote haiM / jaba do se adhika kI tulanA ( Superlative degree) kI jAtI hai to 'tamap' (tama) aura 'iSThan' (iSTha ) pratyaya hote haiN| sarapa aura tamap pratyaya sabhI vizeSaNoM meM tathA Iyasun aura iNThan kevala guNavAcI vizeSaNoM meM jur3ate hai| noTa-do ki tulanA meM jisase vizeSatA batalAI jAtI hai, usameM paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai / jaise- gaNezaH zyAmAt paTutaraH (ayamanayoratizayena paTuH paTutaraH) 1. 'aN' aura 'k' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa meM puM0 meM 'rAma' aura strI0 meM ('6' jor3akara ) 'nadI' kI taraha cleNge| 'in' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'hari' ' aura strI0 meM 'nadI' kI taraha cleNge| 1. zrIbhyo Dhak / a0 4.1.120 / 2. sunAdibhyazcama0 4.1.123 / 3. atizAyane tmvissttnii| dvivacanavibhavyopapade taradhIyasunI / 05.3.55.57. 4. ajAdI gugavacanAdeva / a01.3.18. tarap, tamam ] 1: vyAkaraNa [ 51 paTIyAn vaa| do se adhika kI tulanA meM par3I yA saptamI vibhakti hotI hai| 'jaise-kavInAM kaviSu vA kAlidAsaH paTutamaH (ayameSAmatizayena paTuH) paTiSTho vaa| (ka) 'tarap' aura 'tamap' pratyayAnta rUpa-inake rUpa puM0 meM, 'rAma', strI0 meM 'latA' aura napuM0 meM 'jJAna' kI taraha cleNge| jaise-paTu+tarap (tara)-paTutara> paTutaraH (pu.), paTutarA ( strI0), paTutaram (npuN0)| paTu + tamap (tama)paTutamaH (puM0), paTutamA ( strI0), paTutamam ( gpuN0)| anya udAharaNa (kramazaH) puM0 meM-laghu>laghutaraH, laghutamaH / catura> caturataraH, caturatamaH / mRdu>mRdutaraH, mRdutamaH / guru >gurutaraH, gurutamaH / priya> priyataraH, priyatamaH (strI0 priytmaa)| dRDha>dRDhataraH, dRDhatamaH / kRza>zataraH, kRzatamaH / zukla>zuklataraH, zukla tamaH / bRhada>bRhattaraH, bRhattamaH / mahava> mahattaraH, mahattamaH / vidvas >vidvattaraH, vidvattamaH / dhanavat > dhanavattaraH, dhanavattamaH / prAcIna>prAcInataraH, prAcInatamaH / navIna>navInataraH, navInatamaH / (kha) 'Iyasun' aura 'iSThan' pratyayAnta rUpa-Iyasuna ( Iyas ) pratyayAnta pazabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'zreyas', strI0 meM nadI' aura napuM0 meM 'manas' kI taraha cleNge| iSThan ( iNTha ) pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa puM0 meM 'rAma'; strI0 meM 'latA' aura napuM0 meM 'jJAna' kI taraha cleNge| jaise-paTu + Iyasun (Iyara )-paTIyas> paTIyAn (puM0), paTIyasI (strii)| paTu + iSThan ( iSTha )-paTiSTha> paTiSThaH (puM0), paTiSThA (strI) paTiSThA (npuN0)| anya udAharaNa (kramazaH) puM0 meM-laghu ( laghu )> laghIyAn, ladhiSThaH / gRdu ( pra )> nadIyAn, adiSThaH- guru (gar )>garIyAn, gariSThaH / dRDha (Dha) >dIvAn, idiSThaH / kRza (kraha:>zIvAn, RziSThaH / uru ( ba )> parIyAn, variSThaH / prazasya (zra>dheyAn, zreSThaH / prazasya (jya >jyAyAna (yasun kI '6' ko 'A' huA), jyeSThaH / yuvan ( kan )>kanIyAn, kaniSThaH / gAna ( yav )>pavIyAn, yaviSThaH / priya (pra)>preyAn ( strI preyasI), preSThaH / dI (drA )>dApIyAn, drASiSThaH / balin (bal )>valIyAn, baliSThaH / samara ( stha)>stheyAna, syeSThaH / vADha ( sAdhU )>sAdhIyAn, sAdhiSThaH / sthUla (pa )>pIyAn, sthaviSThaH / mahata (maha)>mahIyAn; mahiSThaH / bahu (bhU) 1- bhuvAn (pratyaya ke 'I' kA lopa), bhUyiSThaH (pratyaya ke '' kA lopa tathA 'yi' bhAgama) / vRddha (jya)>jyAyAn (Iyasun ke '6' ko 'A'), jyeSThaH / vRkSa (varSa)> mAmiAn. vaSiSThaH / dUra (da )>davIyAn, daviSThaH / antika ( ned )>nedIyAn, gAdataH / zudra (kSoda )>kSodIvAn, zodiSThaH / hasva (has )>hasIyAn, miTha: / kSipra (kSepa )>kSepIyAn, kSepiSThaH / gagun' aura 'ichaun' pratyaya-jor3ate samaya smaraNIya niyama

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. saMskRta-pravezikA [4 : taddhita-pratyaya (1) zabda ke antima svara kA lopa hotA hai| jaise--- laghu>laghu / (2) zabda ke antima vyajana kA tathA usake pUrvavartI svara kA lopa hotA hai| jaise mahata >maha / (3) ajana se prArambha hone vAle 'mRdu' Adi zabdoM kI 'R' ko 'ra' hotA hai / (4) 'guru' ko 'gara' Adeza hotA hai| (5) 'sthUla, dUra, yuvan hrasva, kSipra, kSudra' inameM antaHsthitaH 'ya varla' aMza kA lopa hotA hai tathA tatpUrvavartI svara ko guNa / (6) anya Adeza udAharaNoM meM dekheM / / (3) bhAvArthaka ( Abstract nouns )-tva, tala, imanica bhAvavAcaka saMjJA (hindI meM jise 'pana' jor3akara aura aMgrejI meM 'Ness' jor3akara prakaTa karate haiM ) banAne ke lie 'sva', tala' (tA) aura 'imanic . (imana ) pratyaya hote haiN| ' (1) tva' pratyayAnta zabda sadA napuM0 hote haiM aura unake 1. bhAvArthaka kucha anya pratyaya-(ka) vyaja (ya)-guNayAcaka aura brAhmaNa Adi zabdoM se 'vyam' pratyaya hotA hai / ye napuM0 hI hote haiM / isake jur3ane para aMtima 'a' svara kA lopa hotA hai tathA Adi svara ko vRddhi hotI hai| jaisemadhura dhyan (ya)-mAdhuryam, catura>cAturyam, zIta > zaityam, krUra>krauryam, paNita>pANDityam, nipuNa>naipuNyam, capala > cApalyam, vidagdha vaidagdhyam, vidvas >vaiduSyam, zUra> zauryam, sundara saundaryam, brAhmaNa>prAhmaNyam, dhIra> dhairyam, sukha>saukhyam, kavi> kAvyam, zukla > zauklyam / (kha) ya-yaha sakhi zabda se bhAva aura karma artha meM hotA hai| jaise-sakhi sakhyam ( sakhyuH karma bhAvo vA-mitra kA kArya aura bhAva mitrtaa)| (ga) thak (ya)bhAva aura karma artha meM pati zabda jinake anta meM ho unase tathA purohita Adi zabdoM se| jaise-senApati sainApatyam, purohita paurohityam, (purohita kA kAma yA bhaav)|(gh) Dhaka (eya)-kapi aura jJAti zabdoM se bhAva aura karma artha meM kapikApeyam, jJAti jAteyam / (ka)aNa (a)-yuvan >yauvanam, vihAyana>hAyanam, sthavira sthAviram, kuzala> kauzalam, muni >maunam, suhRd sauhArdam, paTu>pATavam / 1. dekheM, siddhAntakaumudI 'taddhiteSu prAgivIya' prakaraNa pR0 366-368. 2. tasya bhAvastvatalau / pRthvAdibhya imanijvA / a0 5.1.116, 122. vizeSa ke lie dekheM, siddhAntakaumudI 'taddhiteSu bhAvakarthAiH ' pR0 344-346. 3. varNadRDhAdibhyaH vyaJ ca / guNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhyaH karmaNi ca / 105.1.123124 / 4. sakhyuryaH / a05.1.126. 6. patyantapurohitAdibhyo yak / a0 5.1.128. 6. pijJAtyorDak |a05.1.127. 7. hAyanAntayuvAdibhyo'N / igantAcca laghupUrvAt / a0 5.1.130-131.. sva, tal, matup ] 1: vyAkaraNa rUpa jJAna kI taraha banate haiN| (2) 'tal' pratyayAnta zabda sadA strI hote haiM aura unake hA 'latA' kI taraha banate haiN| (3) 'imanic' prasayAnta zabda sadA puM. hote haiM aura unake rUpa 'mahiman' kI taraha banate haiN| (ka) 'sva' (tyam) aura 'tal' (tA) pratyayAnta rUpa (kramazaH)-guru> -gurutvam, gurutA ( bhArIpana yA bar3appana ) / laghu> laghutvam, laghutA (halkApana yA 'chottaapn)| zukla > guklatvam, shukltaa| zizu>zizutvamA shishutaa| manuSya > manuSyatvam, manuSyatA / dIna>dInatvam, dInatA / jaDa>jaDatvam, jaDatA / madhura> madhuratvam, madhuratA / hIna>hInatvam, hInatA / mahada >mahattvam, mhttaa| murkha> mUrkhatvam, mUrkhatA / vidvas (vidvat )>vidvattvam, vidvttaa| dRDha> dRDhatvam, dRDhatA / khinna>khinnatvam, khinnatA / paTu>paTutvam, paTutA / duSTa > duSTatvam, dusstttaa| (kha) 'imanin' ( iman>imA)pratyayAnta rUpa-varNavAcI (nIla, zukla -Adi ), 'dRDha' Adi tathA 'pRthu' Adi zabdoM meM ibhanic pratyaya hotA hai| jaise- madhura+imani - madhuriman - madhurimA ( madhurasya bhAvaH) / zukla >zuklimA (zuklasya bhAvaH) / dUDha>DhimA ( dRDhasya bhAvaH) / pRthuprathimA ( pRthoviHvishaaltaa)| mR>mradimA ( mRdorbhAvaH-mRdutA ) / guru grimaa| mahata > mahimA / tanu>tanimA / kaalaa>kaalimaa| rakta rktimaa| lAla > lAlimA / laghu> ncimaa| uSNa ussnnimaa| zIta> shiitimaa| vakra >ykrimaa| bahu> bahimA / aNu> aNimA, caNDa> vaNDimA / noTa-'imanic' meM 'Iyasun' aura 'iSThan' ke niyama 1 se 4 lreNge| (4) matvarthIya- astya rthaka ( Possession)--'matup' aura 'ini'1 kisI vastu kA svAmI honA (jise hindI meM 'bAn' athavA kAlA'-yukta zabda ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai ) artha meM 'matup' (mata yA yat ) aura 'ini' (in ) pratyaya hote haiN| jaise-buddhi + matup- buddhimat (napuM0), buddhimAn 1. grAma, jana, bandhu, gaja, aura sahAya zabdoM se samUha artha meM bhI 'tala' (tA) pratyaya jur3atA hai| jaise-grAma > grAmatA.(gA~voM kA samUha), bandhutA, janatA, shaaytaa| 2. masvayi kucha anya pratyaya-(ka) Thana (ika)-akArAnta aura bIhi Adi se daNDa> daNDikaH (puM0), mAyA>mAyikaH, dhana>dhanikaH, keza> kezikaH, briihi>niihikH| (kha) vini (vina -mAyA Adi zabdoM semAyA>mAyAvin>mAyAvI (puM0), mAyAvinI (strii0)| yazas> yazasvI, medhA>medhAvI, sr>srgbii| 1. tadasyAstyasminniti matupa / ata iniThanau / brahmAdibhyazca / a05.2.64, 115-116 tathA laghu-siddhAntakaumudI 'taddhiteSu mattvarthIya' prakaraNa, pR064| 2. vhii| 3. asmAyAmedhAsrajo viniH / a0.5.2.121

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saMskRta-pravezikA [4:taddhita-pratyaya tasila, prala, dA] 1. vyAkaraNa [ 55 (0, buddhivAlA yA buddhi se yukta ), buddhimatI ( strI0) / go + matup = gomata, gomAn, gomatI / sukha + ini-sukhin >sukhI (pu.), mukhinI (strii0)| noTa-matvarthIya kA artha do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai-(1) tad asya asti (vaha isakA hai yA isake pAsa hai ) aura (2) tad asmin asti (vaha isameM hai)| jaise-gomAn - 'gAvaH asya santIti gomAn' ( gAyeM jisake pAsa haiM vaha puruSa ) athavA 'gAyaH asmin santIti gomAn (jahA~ gAyeM hai, vaha prdesh)| zAnI-jJAnamasyAstIti jJAnI-(zAnavAn -jnyaanvaalaa)| (ka) 'matupa' (mat yA bat ) pratyayAnta rUpa-'matupa' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke rUpa pu. meM 'bhagavat', strI0 meM 'madI' tathA na' meM 'jagat' kA saraha bneNge| jaise(kramazaH tInoM liGgoM meM) zrI>zrImada, zrImAn (zrIrasyAstIti), shriimtii| mati>matimat, matimAn, gtigtii| dhI>dhImada, dhImAna, dhiimtii| sAdhu> sAdhumata, sAdhumAn, saadhumtii| vadhU>vadhUmada, badhUmAn vadhUmatI / garut>garutmata, garutmAn (marut = pakSa jisake haiM arthAt pkssii)| dhana >dhanavada, dhanavAn dhnvtii| guNaguNavat, guNavAn, gunnvtii| yazas >yazasvat, yazasvAn, yazasvatI / lakSmI> lakSmIvat, lakSmIvAna, lakSmIvatI / artha > arthavat, arthavAn ( dhanavAn ), arthvtii| zAna zAnavat, jJAnavAn, jnyaanvtii| bala balavada, balavAn, blvtii| kSamA> kSamAvat, kSamAvAn, kssmaavtii| vidyA vidyAvat, vidyAvAna, vidyAvatI / payas> payasvat, payasvAn, pysvtii| bhAs>bhAsvada, bhAsvAn, bhaasvtii| noTa--yadi zabda ke anta meM yA upadhA meM 'a', 'A' yA 'ma' ho to 'mata' ko 'vat' hotA hai| parantu bhUmimAn, yavamAn. kRmimAn aura urmimAna meM nahIM huaa| (kha) ini (in) pratyayAnta rUpa-akArAnta aura vIhi Adi zabdoM se 'ini' pratyaya hotA hai| inake rUpa puM0 meM 'karin' aura strI0 meM 'nadI' kI taraha bneNge| jaise-daNDa> daNDin >daNDI (puM0), daNDinI (strii0)| sukha>sukhina >sukhI (puM0), sukhinI (strii0)| jJAna >zAnin (zAnI), dhana >dhanin (dhanI), mAvA>mAyina ( mAthI ), zikhA zikhin (zikhI), dharma dharmin (dharmI), danta>dantin ( dantI), artha> adhin ( arthI yAcaka), viveka> vivekina (vivekI), utsAha > utsAhin ( utsAhI), praNaya > praNayin (prnnyii)| (5) vibhaktyarthaka ---tasila, bala, ha aura at paJcamI Adi vizaktiyoM kA artha 'zrakaTa karane ke lie kucha zabdoM se 'tasil' Adi pratyaya hote haiN| jaise (ka) paJcamyarthaka tamil' (tas)"-'kim' Adi sarvanAma zabdoM se tathA 1. vhii| 2. dekheM, laghusiddhAntakaumudI 'taddhiteSu prAgdizIyAH' prakaraNa / 3. paJcamyAstasin / paryabhibhyAM ca / 'a0 5.3.7, 6. pari aura abhi se 'lasil' pratyaya paJcamI ke artha meM hotA hai| jaise-kim (ka) >kRtaH (kasmAt = kisase), idam (i)>ita: (asmAt - isase ), etara (a)>ataH ( etasmAt = isase ), adas ( amu )> amutaH (amuSmAt usase); yat >yataH ( yasmAt -jisase ), bahu>bahutaH (bahoH bahutoM se), pari>paritaH (saba ora ), sarva> sarvataH ( sarvasmAt ), ubhaga > ubhayataH, abhi> abhitaH (donoM ora se)| anya udAharaNa-vizvataH, ekataH, anyataH, pUrvataH ( agrataH, dakSiNataH, uttarataH, mattaH ( mujhase), tvattaH (tujhaye), asmattaH (hamase), yuSmattaH (tumase), itaH / / (kha) saptamyarthaka 'trala' () pratyaya-'kis' Adi zabdoM se saptamI ke artha meM bal (tra) pratyaya hotA hai| jaise-kim (ku)>kutra ( kasmin-kisameM, kahA~ ), yat >yatra ( yasmin - jisameM, jahA~ ), tat >tatra (tasmin = usameM, vahA~), bahu> bahutra (bahuSu - bahutoM meM), etad (a)> atra (etasmin) / anya udAharaNaubhayatra, ekatra, sarvatra, anyatra, paratra, aparatra / (ga) saptamyarthaka 'ha' aura 'at' (a) pratyaya -idam (i)+ha-iha (basmin - isameM, yahA~ ) / kim ( kva) + at - kva ( kutra = khaaN)| - (6) kAlAdyarthaka-dA, hila, thAla aura thamu (ka) dA-satamyanta sarva Adi zabdoM se samaya artha meM / jaise- sarva+dA = sarvadA ( sarvasmin kAle-saba samaya), sarva (sa)+ dA-sadA ( sarvasmin kAle), eka> ekadA (ekasmin kAle eka samaya), kim (ka) >kadA (kisa samaya), ya>yadA, tat>tadA, anya > anydaa| (kha) hila (hi)-saptamyanta se kAla artha meM -'idam ( eta)>etahi ( asmin kAle- isa samaya, aba / etahi ke sthAna para 'adhunA' aura 'idAnIm' kA bhI prayoga hotA hai) kim (ka)> kahiM ( kadA, kasmin kAle), bat >yahi (yadA, yasmin kAle), tada>tahi (tadA ), etad (et )>etahi ( etasmin kaale| idam se bhI yahI rUpa banatA hai)| (ga) thAla (thA)-prakAra artha meN| jaise-tad (ta)>tathA (tena prakAreNa- usa prakAra se ), yat >yathA (yena prakAreNa jisa prakAra se), sarvathAH ubhayathA, anyathA / (gha) thamu (tham)-prakAra artha meM idam, etad aura kim 1. saptamyAkhal / a05.3.10. . 2. idamo haH / kimo't / kvA'ti / a05.3.11, 12, 7.2.105 / 3. sarvaikA'nyakiyattadaH kAle daa| a0 5.3.15. .4 idamo hil / anadyatane hilanyatarasyAm / a05.3.165.2.21. 5. adhunA / dAnIM c| a05.3.17-18. 6..prakAravacane thAl / a05.3.23.. 7. idamasthamuH / kimazca / 05.3.24,35 / etado'pi vAcyaH (vaa0)|

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saMskRta-pravezikA [4 : taddhita-pratyaya dhA, mAnava, vati ] 1: vyAkaraNa [ 57 sabdoM se thamu ( thm)| jaise-idam, etad >ittham ( anena etena vA prakAreNa isa prakAra se ), kim >katham ( kena prakAreNa ) / (7) vibhinnArthaka vividha pratyaya-dhA, mAtrac,bati, cci, tIya Adi / (1) prakArArthaka 'dhA-saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM se| jaise-eka >ekadhA (eka prakAra se), vidhA, vidhA, caturdhA, paJcadhA, zatadhA, sahasradhA, bahudhA (prAyaH, aneka baar)| (2) pramANArthaka 'mAtrac' (mAtra)-nApa, taula Adi arthoM meN| jaise-muSTinAtram (muTThIbhara ), hastamAtram, kaTimAtram, jAnumAtram / (1) sAdRdhyArthaka 'vati' (vat --kSatriyavat (kSatriya ke samAna ), brAhmaNavat / (4) abhUtatadbhAvArthaka 'cci' (I)-kisI vastu ko rasa prakAra kA banA denA yA usakA vaisA ho jAnA, jaisI vaha pUrva meM na ho| jaise-zukla +yi+karoti - zuklIkaroti ( azukla zuklarUpeNa saMpadyamAnaM karoti - jo zukla nahIM hai vaha use zukla banAtA hai), kRSNIkaroti, uttaralIkaroti (caJcala banAtA hai), brahmIsvati, agnIbhavati, mukharIkaroti, mUkIkaroti / (5) pUraNArthaka 'tIya', 'thuk' (ya), maT (ma)-kisI saMkhyA ko pUrA karane vaalaa| jaise-dvitIyaH, tRtIyaH, turthaH paJcamaH SaSThaH (vizeSa ke lie dekheM, pR. 112 tti.)| (6) saMkhyA-samUha vAcaka tayap' (taya), 'ayac' (aya), 'DaT' (a)-saMkhyA sambandhI samUha varya meM-dvi+aya-dvayam, dvi+taya-dvitayam (dvayam - do kA samUha), tritayam (trayam ), catura+catuSTayam / ekAdazan + DaT ekaadshH| (7) pravacanArthaka ch| Iya )'-pustaka nAdi ke racayitA ke artha meM racayitA ke bAda / jaisepANini >pANinIyam ( pANininA proktam - paNini se pravacana kiyA gayA vyAkaraNa ), pANinIyA (aSTAdhyAyI), vAlmIkIyam (rAmAyaNa), kAlidAsIyam / (8) svArSika 'kan' (ka), aN (a)-rayA meM pratyaya hone se artha meM .ddhi nahIM hotii| jaise-azva + kan (ka) = azvakaH ( azva eva / 'azva' se sAdRzya artha meM 'kan' pratyaya hone para bhI 'azvakaH' banegA, jisakA artha hogA vizva iva pratikRtiH' ) / bandhu + aN - bAndhavaH (bandhureva ), devatA + aN - devataH 1. saMkhyAyA vidhArtha dhA / a05.3.42. 2. pramANe ya0 / a0 5.2.37. 3. tena tulyaM kriyA cedvati / tatra tasyeva / a05.1.115-116. 4. kRbhvastiyoge saMpadyakartari cciH / a05. 4. 50. 5. nAntAdasaMkhyAdemaMT / SaT-kati katipaya-caturAM thuka / dvestIyaH / zreH samprasAraNaM c| a05.2.46,51,54-55. 6. saMkhyAyA avayave tayap / dvitribhyAM tayasyA'yajvA / tasya pUraNe DaT / a05. 2. 42, 43, 48. 7. tena proktam / a04. 3. 101 8. sarva prAtipadikebhyaH svAya kan (baa.)| prajJAdibhyazca / a05-4. 36. (devatA eva), prajJa + aN = prAjJaH (prajJa ev)|(1) saMjAtArthaka 'itan' (it )-'isake ho gaye haiN| (basya saMjAtam )- jo pahale nahIM the ve aba isake ho gaye haiN| jaise-tArakA + itaca - tArakitam (tArakita nabhaH - tarakAH saMjAtA asya-tAre isake ho gaye haiM arthAt jisameM tAre nikala Aye haiM aisA AkAzatAroM se yukta AkAza ), paNDA+itan - paNDitaH ( paNDA sadasadavivekinI buddhiH saMjAlA asya-jisakI acche-kharAba ko jAnane kI buddhi ho gaI hai-sadasadaviveka se yukt)| puSNitaH, romAJcitaH, kusumitaH, aGkuritaH, duHkhitaH (dukhitam, duHkhitA), pipAsA pipAsitaH, kSudhA>zudhitaH / (6) 'aNa' kA apatya se bhinna arthoM meM prayoga (ka) samUhArtha --kAkAnAM samUhaH - kAkam / (kha) devatArtha-viSNuH devatA asya -vaiSNavaH / (ga) sambandhArtha -devasya ayam - devaH / (gha) raktArtha -kaSAyeNa raktaM vastraM kASAyam / (Ga) jAtArtha -mithilAyA jAtAH maithilaH / (ca) vikArArtha'-godhUmasya vikAraH godhUmaH; haimaH / (cha) kAlArtha'-puSya+ aN - pauSaH ( popI pUrNamAsI asmin iti ); caitraH (citrayA yuktaH maasH)| (ja) bhAva karma artha -bhunerbhAvaH karma vA maunam, zurbhAvaH karma vA zaucam ( svacchatA ) / (jha) AgatArtha1-vidarbhAdAgataH vaidarbhaH / (ja) proktArtha11manu> mAnavaH, RSi> ArSaH (Rssi-prnniit)| (Ta) nivAsArtha -mughno nivAso'sya sraughnaH / (8) adhItArtha18-vyAkaraNam adhIte veda vA vaiyAkaraNaH / 1. tadasya saMjAtaM tArakAdibhya itac / a5. 2. 36. 2. tasya samUhaH / ma04. 2. 37 / 3. sAsya devatA / a04.2.24 / 4. tasyedam / a04. 3. 120 / 5. tena raktaM rAgAt / a04. 2.1 / 6. tatra jAtaH / a0 4. 3. 25 / 7. tasya vikAraH / a04. 3. 134 / 8. nakSatreNa yuktaH kAlaH / a0 4.2. 3; sAsmin paurNamAsIti / a04.1.21|| 9. igannAcca laghupUrvAt / a05.1.1311 10. tata AgataH / a0 4.3.74 / 11. tena proktam / a0 4. 3. 101 / 12. so'sya nivAsaH / a04.3..56| 13. tadadhIte tadveda / a04. 2. 56 /

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58 ] saMskRta-pravezikA TApa, kI ] [5: strI-pratyaya 1: vyAkaraNa paJcama adhyAya strI-pratyaya ( Formation of feminine bases) pulliGga saMjJAoM se strIliGga kI saMjJAyeM banAne ke lie jina pratyayoM ko jor3A jAtA hai unheM strI-pratyaya kahate haiN| ye ATha prakAra ke haiM jinheM dIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) 'bA' varga (TApa, DApa aura cAp / inakA 'A' zeSa rahatA hai)| (2) 'I' varga ( DIp, kI aura DIn / inakA 'I' zeSa rahatA hai ) / (3) anya (aG- U aura ti)| (1) 'A' varga (TApa, DApa aura cAp ) (ka) TApa-prAyaH hrasva akArAnta zabdoM ke bAda 'TAp' (A) pratyaya hotA hai| jaise--aja + TAp - ajA (bakarI), azva > azvA (ghor3I), caTaka >caTakA (cir3iyA), bAla >bAlA, vatsa>vatsA, puSpa>puSpA, kokila > kokilA, kSatriya kSatriyA, zUdra> sUdrA (zUdra jAti / zUdra + GIS - zUdrI zUdra-patnI / mahada zabda ke sAtha DIe-mahAzUdrI), sAdhaka > sAdhikA, adhyApaka > adhyApikA, mUSaka>mUSikA, putraka >putrikA, acalA, kRSNA, anukUlA, kAraka > kArikA (karane vAlI), saralA, pAcikA, jyeSThA, madhyamA, kaniSThA, nipuNA, bAlikA, gAyikA, vaizyA, vRddhavRddhA, zaGka>zaGkA, azvapAlikA, kRpaNA, dImA, prathama> prathamA, dvitIyA, sarva>sarvA, gopAlaka > gopAlikA,sujaghanA, zUrpaNakhA, gauramukhA, kRSNamukhA, sukezA, akezA Adi / noTa-zabda ke anta meM 'aka' ho to use 'ika' ho jAtA hai| parantu yadi 'aka' kA 'ka' kisI pratyaya kA na hokara mUla zabda kA hogA to use 'ika' nahIM hogaa| jaise---eDaka>eDakA (bher3a), nau+ka+TApa-naukA, bahuparivrAjaka > bahuparivrAjakA (bahuvrIhi samAsa hone se 'sup' vibhakti kA lopa huA hai, ataH yahA~ bhI 'ika' nahIM huaa)| (kha ) DAp (A)-mannanta meM tathA annanta bahuvrIhi samAsa vAle zabdoM meM-sIman > sImA, dAmandAmA, bahuyajvan > bahuyajvA ( parantu bahurAjan meM 'DI' hone se 'bahurAjJI' hogaa)| ' (ma) cApa (A)-devatA jAti kI strI rUpa artha meM sUrya zabda se tathA 1. jApataSTA' a0 4.1.4 / pAlakAntAnna / zUdrA cAmahatpUrvA jAti (vA0). magaramAt kAsgavasthA'ta pradAppasupaH / a07. 3. 44. IopI / sabhAdhyAmanyatarasyAm / a0 4.1.11-16. 'yaDanta' zabda se / jaise---sUrya>sUryA (-sUryasya strI devatA - sUrya kI devatA stra / devatA artha na hone para 'DI' hokara 'sUrI' banegA jisakA artha hogA- 'sUryasya strI mAnuSI 'kuntI'), kriissgndhi>kaariissgndhyaa| (2) 'I' varga ( Gop , GIS aura DIn ) (ka) DIp (I)-(1) RkArAnta aura nakArAnta zabdoM meN| jaisekartR'>kI, dAtR>dAI, ha>hIM, janayitrI, zikSayitrI, daNDin paNDinI, kAmin > kAminI, manohAriNI, guNinI, tapasvinI, pravan > zunI, rAjan > rAzI / (2) ugit ( uk + i = u, R kA jahA~ lopa huA ho) pratyayAnta zabdoM meN| jaise--bhavat (bhU+zatR)>avantI, pacantI, paThantI, dIvyantI (khelatI huI), zreyas (prapAsya + Iyasun)>zreyasI, ( kalyANakAriNI), paTIyasI, laghIyasI, krIDantI, krINatI (kharIdatI huI), tudatI, tudantI, dadatI, bhavatI (Apa), bhavantI ( hotI huI), buddhi+matup = buddhimat > buddhimatI, shriimtii| (3) akArAnta Tit (T + i ) tathA Dha, aNa, aJ, dvayasac, dana, mAtra, tathap, Thaka, Than, kaJ, kvarap, naJ, snaJ Ikak, syun, yaJ pratyayAnta, taruNa aura salun zabdoM meM (yaha 'TApa' kA apavAda hai)| jaise-phurucara (ghara dhAtu se 'da' pratyaya hokara kurucara banA hai| ataH yaha Tit zabda hai )>kurucarI (kuru deza meM ghUmane vAlI strI), madracarI, nadaT>nada>nadI, devadeva>devI, suparNI + haka sauparNeya + kIp - sauparNeyI (suparNI kI kanyA, garur3a kI bahina), vainateyI, kumbhakAra ( 'aNa' pratyaya ) > kumbhakArI, aindra (indra + aN ) >aindrI (indra jisakA devatA hai), autsa ( utsa+a ) > autsI ( utsasya iyam / utsa -jharanA athavA RSivizeSa sambandhinI), Urudvayasa (Uru + dvayasaca )> UrudvayasI (jaMghA pramANa jalabAlI talaiyA), Urudadhana > andanI, UrumAtra> USmAtrI, paJcataya (pazcan + tayap)> paJcatayI (pAca avayavoM vAlI), dazatI, AkSika (akSa+Thaka) > AkSikI (akSardIvyati - pAsoM se khelane vAlI), prAsthika (prastha+ThaJ )>prAsthikI (eka prastha se kharIdI gaI ),, lAvaNika - lAvaNikI (namaka becane vAlI), yAdRza ( yat+dRza + kA)>yAdazI (jaisI ), tAdRza >tAdRzI, isvara (iN+varap )> itvarI (vyabhicAriNI), nazvara > nazvarI straNa (strI+naja )>straiNI (strI-sambandhI), pauMsna (puruSa + snan / 1. sUrya devatAyAM cAp vAcyaH (vaa.)|prhshcaap / a0 4. 1.74. / 2. Rnnebhyo DIpa / a04.1.5. 3. ugitazca / a0 4. 1. 6. 4. TiDDhANadvayasajdadhnamAtracatayapatkTakakvarapaH / nabasnajIkavakhyustaruNata. lunAnAmupasaMkhyAnam / (vaa.)| zca / a0 4.1.15-16.. .

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DISa ] 1: vyAkaraNa [61 . saMskRta-pravezikA [ 5 : strI-pratyaya 60 ] pauMsnI (puruSa-sambandhI ), zAktIka ( zakti + Ika) >zAktIkI ('zakti' nAmaka astra bAlI strI), ApakaraNa (ADhaya++ruyun)>ADhacaraNI (anADhyanirdhana ko dhanavAna banAne vAlI strI), sabhagaMkariNI, taruNa>taruNI (yuvatI ), laluna>talunI (yuvatI), gAya (garga + ya )>gArgI (garga gotra kI strI), vaatsii| (4) akArAnta 'vigu' samAsa-saMjJaka meN| jaise--triloka>trilokI (tIna lokoM kA samudAya ), paJcamUlI, sptshtii| parantu 'triphalA' meM 'Tapa' huA kyoMki yaha ajAdigaNa meM hai| (5) prathama vayas ( avasthA) kA bodha hone para akArAnta zabdoM meN| jaise-kumAra>kumArI, kizora>kizorI, vadhUTa> vadhUTI, taruNa>taraNI ( yuktii)| carama avasthA kA bodha hone para TAp hogaa| jaise-vRddhavRddhA, sthvir>sthviraa|(1) varNavAcI zabdoM (yadi anudAttAnta aura 'ta' upadhA meM ho| takAra ko nakAra bhI hogA) meM vikalpa se| jaiserohita >rohiNI (lAla raGga bAlI), harita>hariNI, zyeta >shyenii| 'TAp' hone para kramazaH rohitA, haritA aura zyetA hogA / (7) anya udAharaNa-sapatnI, bIrapatnI, mAnuSa>mAnuSI, manu>mAnavI, mnaayii| (kha) Ga (I)-(1) akArAnta 'Sida' aura gaurAdi gaNa ke zabdoM meN| jaise-nartaka (tRt +buna )>nartakI, khanakI, pathikI, rajakI / gaurAgi gaNa ke zabdoM meM-gaura> gaurI, matsya> matsI (machalI), manuSya > manuSI (manuSya jAti kI strI), hariNa>hariNI, Amalaka>AmalakI, zikhaNDI, annuh| nahIM haiN| gopAlaka se gopAlikA hogA / zUdrI (zUdra kI strI), sUrya >sUrI ('sUryA'devatA) / (4) jAtivAcaka akArAnta zabdoM meM (yadi nitya strIliGga na ho aura upadhA meM yakAra na ho) 'yahA~ jAti se jAtivAcaka saMjJA, brAhmaNa Adi jAti, apatya-pratyayAnta tathA zAkhA ke par3ane vAle' ye cAroM artha samajhanA caahie| jaise-taTataTI ( yaha nitya strIliGga nahIM hai tathA upadhA meM 'ya' bhI nahIM hai ), vRSala >vRSalI (vRSalI-zUdra jAti kI strI), kaTha> kaThI ( 'kaTha' zAkhA ko par3hane cAlI), upagu+aN + DI - aupagavI (upagu kI santAna strI jAti / yaha 'DIp' kA apavAda hai)| anya udAharaNa-kukkuTI, brAhmaNI ( isameM 'hIn' bhI hogaa| 'kSatriya' meM hI nahIM hogA, apitu 'TApa' hokara 'kSabhiyA' banegA kyoMki damakI upadhA meM 'ya' hai, parantu hyo, gavayI, mukayI, matsI, manuSI meM niSedha nahIM 1) / anya udAharaNa-siMhI, haMsI, vyAghrI, gardabhI, maarii| (5) manuSya jAtivAcaka ikArAnta zabdoM meN| jaise-dakSa>dAkSi>dAkSI (dakSa kI santAna jI), kuntii| ukArAnta zabda hone para 'U' hogaa| jaise--pura>kurU: (kuru jAti kI strI), brahmAnandhaH / (6) indra, varuNa, bhava, zarva, rudra, mRDa, hima, yava, yavana, mAtula aura AcArya zabdoM meM ( 'Anuka' - An kA bhI agama / indra Adi chaha, mAtula tathA AcArya meM puMyoga artha meM hI DIe aura Anuk ) "jaise-indra>indrANI, (indra kI strI), varuNAnI ( varuNa kI strI), kamAnI, zarvANI, rudrANI, mRDAnI (zivajI kI strii| bhava Adi zivajI nA ), himAnI ( adhika barapha), araNyAnI ( mahad araNya ), yavAnI 14 guru jI = anna), yavanAnI ( yavanoM kI lipi), mAtulAnI ( mAmA kI 10-maamii| Anuka na hone para 'mAtulI' banegA), upAdhyAyI (upAdhyAya - kI strI / 'Anuka' na hone para upAdhyAyAnI), AcAryAMnI (AcArya kI Must Natva' kA niSedha hai| yadi strI AcArya pada para pratiSThita hogI to 'TAp' MbhAbhAryA hogaa| isI prakAra svayaM adhyApana kArya karane para upAdhyAyA aura mA), ayaM>aryANI (vaizya kula kI strii| arthI aura aryA rUpa .00), triyANI (kSatriyA aura kSatriyI rUpa bhI bneNge)| (7) anya PM- prIta < vastrakrItI ( vastra meM kharIdI gaI ), candramukha> candramukhI 1001+ gagAna mukha vaalii| candramukhA bhI hogA), atikezI, ( kezoM kA baalii| 'atikezA' bhI hogA), pANigRhIta >pANigRhItI nA hone para 'pANigRhItA' vaha strI jisakA hAtha pakar3A gayA U01011 (nAsikA), sugAtrI ( sugAtrA), sukaNThI ( sukaNThA ) / mai yopadhAt / a0 4.3.61 / 2. ito matuSyajAteH / a0 4.1.65 / prabhUTahimAraNya-yavayavanamAtulAcAryANAmAnuk / a0 4.1.46 / kandalI, maGgalI, bRhada >bRhatI, mahatI, ubhayI, maNDalI, mtaamh>maataamhii| (pit' bhI hai). pitaamhii| (2) ukArAnta guNavAcaka tathA bahu Adi gaNa / zabdoM meM vikalpa se / jaise-mRdu>mRdvI ( komalA), paTu> paTvI, guru gugala bahu>bahvI, zakaTa>zakaTI, rAtri>rAtrI / anyatra mRduH, paTuH, bahuH, makA rAtriH hogaa| (3) jahA~ pati-patnI bhAva rUpa sambandha ke kAraNa puruSavAcaka samA strI kA bodha ho|' jaise-gopagopI ( gopasya strii| gAya kA pAlana mANa cAlA gopa huA aura usakI strI 'gopii'| 'gopI' ko gopAlana karanA mAnAyA 1. dvigoH / a04.1.21. 2. vayasi prathame / a0 3. 1. 20. 3. varNAdanudAttAttopadhAtto naH / a04. 1.36. 4. 'anudAttAnta' na hone se kRSNa>TAp = kRSNA, kapilA hogaa| agya hogaa-'saarngg>saarnggii,shblii| ('anyato jISa / a0 4.1.40.), 5. SidgaurAvibhyAna / a0 4.1.41 / 6. boto guNavacanAt / mahAviyA a04.1.4.1 7.gogAvApAyAm / a04.1.4 | "

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saMskRta-pravezikA [6: avyaya (ga) Daun |ii)-(1) zAGgarava Adi zabdoM meN| jaise-zAGgarava> zAyaravI (zRGgara kI strI santAna), brAhmaNa brAhmaNI (brAhmaNa jAti kI strI) / (2) na aura nara zabda meN| jaise-nu, nara naarii| (0) anya ( 'U' aura 'ti' ) (ka) U (U)-ukArAnta manuSya jAtivAcaka zabdoM meM (parantu upadhA meM yakAra na ho)| jaise-kuru kurUH (kuru jAti kI strI), brahmabandhaH / (2) paGagu aura zvasura zabdoM meM / ' jaise-pagupaGga, zvasura vadhUH (saas)| (3) jisakA pUrvapada upamAnavAcI ho (saMhitAdi aura anaupamyavAcI meM bhI) aura uttarapada 'kara' ho| jaise-karabhoru>karabhorU: ( karabhI iva karU yasyAH sA-hAtha ke maNibandha se kAnI agulI taka ke nicale komala bhAga ko karaMbha kahate haiM), saMhitorU: (jisake Uru mile hue hoM,), vAmorU (jisake Uru sundara hoN)| (kha) 'ti'.-'yuvan' zabda meN| jaise-yuvan >yuvatiH (yuvAvasthAvAlI strii)| upasarga, avyaya ] 1: vyAkaraNa ulTA ), apa (dUra), sam ( suSThu), anu (pIche, sAtha), ava (dUra, nIce ), nis (binA, bAhara); nira (binA), dusa ( kaThina),'dura (rAba), vi (alaga, ulTA, vizeSa ), AG (taka), ni (nIce, bhItara), adhi (kapara), api (samIpa), ati ( atikramaNa, adhika), su (sundara), ut ( Upara), abhi (ora ), prati ( ora, ulTA), pari (cAroM ora ) aura upa ( samIpa ) / (kha) kriyA-vizeSaNa (Adverbs)-ye kriyA kI vizeSatA batalAte haiN| inameM kucha sthAna, parimANa Adi ke bhI vAcaka haiN| jaise-upavaH, nIcaH, binaa| (ga) pAdapUraka (cAdi nipAta---Particles )-inakA prAyaH pAdapUrti meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| (ye kabhI-kabhI vizeSatA kI bhI sUcanA karate hai)| jaise-nu, tu, vai, hi, kila, khalu, cit, cana, svit Adi / / (gha) samuccaya-bodhaka (Conjunctions)-ye kaI prakAra ke haiN| / jaise(1)saMyojaka (Copulative)-atha, ca, kiMca Adi / (2)viyojaka ( Disjunctive)-vA, athavA aadi| (3) virodha-sUcaka (sopAdhika yA zarta-sUcaka = Conditional )-kintu, kiMvA, yadi, cet, yadyapi Adi / (4) kAraNa-sUcaka (Causal )-hi, tena Adi / (5) prazna-sUcaka (Interrogative)-Aho, Ahosvita, aadi| (6) svIkArAtmaka-apakim, Am Adi / (7) samaya-sUcaka ( Time)-padA, tadA, yAvat Adi (1) prakIrNa (Miscellaneous)--atha (prArambha-sUcaka), iti ( anta-sUcaka) Adi / (ka) manovikAra-sUcaka ( vismayAdi-bodhaka-Interjections )-inase Azcarya, sukha, duHkha, ghRNA, Adara, anAdara, sambodhana Adi kA bodha hotA hai| jaise-dhika, bata, hanta, hA, aMga, are Adi / (2) rUDha va yaugika zabdoM kI dRSTi se avyayoM ke vibhAjana kAdvitIya prakAra avyaya SaSTha adhyAya avyaya ( Indeclinable words) jinake rUpa meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA unheM avyaya (na+vyaya) kahate haiN| ye sabhI liGgoM, sabhI vacanoM aura sabhI vibhaktiyoM meM sadA ekarUpa rahate haiN| padyapi pANini-vyAkaraNa ke anusAra inameM sabhI vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM parantu unakA lopa ho jAtA hai| avyaya kaI prakAra ke hote haiN| jaise (1) viSaya kI dRSTi se avyayoM ke vibhAjana kA prathama prakAra: (ka) upasarga (Perpositions)-ye dhAtu athavA dhAtu me bane zabdoM ke pahale jor3e jAte haiN| ye dhAtvartha meM prAyaH kucha na kucha parirvatana kara dete haiM yA vaiziSTaya paidA karate haiN| ye saMkhyA meM 22 haiN| jaise- (adhika), parA (pIche, 1. zAGgaravAdyatro chIn / 4.1.73 / 2. nRnarayovRddhizca / (bA0) / 3. UkutaH / a0 4.1.66 4. paGgozca / a0 41.68 / zvasurasyokArAkAralopana (vaa0)| 5. uttrpdaadaupmye| saMhitazaphalakSaNavAmAdeva / a0 4.1.66-70 / 6 yUnastiH / a04.1.77| 7. sadRzaM triSu liGgeSu sarvAsu ca vibhaktiH / ___ vacaneSu ca sarveSu yanna vyayeti tadavyayam ||l. kau0, pR0365.(praNavopaniSad 2.) 8. adhyayAdApsupaH / ba02. 4. 82.1. svarAdinipAtamavyayam / a0 1.1.37. pAdiH prAdiH svarAdizca taddhitasya vadAdayaH / gamaramANaguhalyapkadantasya bhavantyavyayasaMjJakAH // 10bhAva bAmo kavi kazritamanuvartate |tmev vizinaSTayanya upasargagatistridhA / / ga mAvalI banAvamA pratIvale / prahArAhAralaMhAravihAraparihAravat / / avyutpanna ( rUDha) . vyutpanna ( yaugika) svarAdigaNaM paThita nipAta-saMjJaka kRdanta taddhitAnta (svara, antar, prAtara, (paThitum,Agamya, I avyayIbhAva samAsa (upagaGgama, Asamudram, . cAdi prAdi (ca, vA,ha bAdi) (pra.parA Adi) vibhaktibodhaka kAlabodhaka prakArabodhaka prakIrNa (kuttaH, kutra Adi) (yadA, idAnIm Adi) (yathA, katham) (ekazaH, Adi) -

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prathamA vibhakti] 1 / vyAkaraNa saptama adhyAya kAraka aura vibhakti ( Cases and Case endings) jo kriyA kA sAdhaka hotA hai vaha kAraka kahalAtA hai (kriyA-janakatvaM hi kArakatvam / yena vinA kriyAnirvAho na bhavati tat kArakam ) / kAraka chaha hai' (1) katta-kAraka-kriyA kA pradhAna sampAdaka arthAt jo kriyA ke karane meM svatantra ho aura dhAtvartha vyApAra kA Azraya ho| (2) karma-kArakakriyA ke phala kA Azraya ( karma ) arthAt kriyA ke dvArA karttA jise vizeSarUpa se prApta karanA caahe| (3) karaNa-kAraka-kriyA ke sampAdana meM pramukha sahAyaka (saadhktm)| (4) sampradAna kAraka-kriyA kA uddezya arthAt jisake lie kriyA kI jAe yA kucha diyA jaae| (5) apAdAna-kAraka-kriyA kA vizleSa arthAt jisase koI vastu alaga ho| (6) adhikaraNa-kAraka-kriyA kA AdhAra arthAt kartA aura karma meM rahane vAlI kriyA jisa sthAna para ho| kArakoM kA vibhaktiyoM se sambandha-kArakoM kA vibhaktiyoM se sambandha hai kyoMki "vibhakti' zabda kA artha hai-jisake dvArA saMkhyA aura kAraka kA bodha ho ( saMpAkarakabodhayitrI vibhktiH)| vibhaktipozAta haiM-prathamA, dvitIyA, tRtIyA caturthI, paJcamI, SaSThI aura sptmii| jaise- devadatta kA putra gA~va se Akara vArANasI meM brAhmaNoM ke lie apane donoM hAthoM se dhana detA hai - devadattaspa putraH grAmAdAgatya vArANasyA brAhmaNebhyaH svakarAbhyAM dhanaM dadAti / yahA~ 'putraH' meM prathamA, 'dhanam' meM dvitIyA, 'karAbhyAm' meM tRtIyA, 'brAhmaNebhyaH' meM caturthI, 'grAmAta' meM paJcamI, 'devadattasya' meM SaSThI aura vArANasvAm' meM saptamI vibhakti hai| natianumA sAmAnyataH kartI meM tRtIyA, karma meM dvitIyA, karaNa meM tRtIyA, sampradAna meM caturthI, apAdAna meM paJcamI aura adhikaraNa meM saptamI vibhakti hotI hai| SaSThI' vibhakti ko kAraka-vibhakti nahIM mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki usakA kriyA se sambandha nahIM hai| kartA, karma aura karaNa kA kriyA se sIdhA sambandha hai tathA zeSa kA kA mAdi ke dvArA paramparayA / kRdanta kriyA kA prayoga hone para kartA yA karma meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| vyavahAra meM prathamA vibhakti kartRvAcya ke kartA meM aura karmavAcya ke karma meM hotI hai| vastutaH prathamA vibhakti kartRkAraka meM na hokara prAti-- padikArtha meM hotI hai kyoMki kartRvAcya meM kartA to kriyA ke dvArA hI ukta ho jaataa| hai phira prathamA vibhakti ke dvArA kartRkAraka ke punaH kathana kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| yahI sthiti karmavAcya meM karma kI bhI hai| ataH pANini ne khiiN| bhI kartRkAraka meM prathamA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| donoM meM antara-bAhya jagata meM jo kriyA hotI hai use niSpanna karane / 1. zarmA mArga gha karaNaM sampradAna tathaiva ca / pApAnAdhikAraNe ityAhuH kArakANi SaT / / samAsacakra, pR0 13. mAra vidhIyate nyaaditvyaaditditaaH| samAso vA bhaveda yatra sa una: prabhamA tataH vAle padArtha kAraka kahe jAte haiN| vibhaktiyAM bhinna-bhinna kArakoM ko prakaTa karatI haiM aura unakA sambandha bAhya jagat ke padArthoM se na hokara zabdarUpoM se hai| dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyAM kArakoM ke atirikta upapadoM ke sAtha bhI prayukta hotI haiN| ataH unheM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) kAraka-vibhakti-kriyA ko uddezya karake prayukta hone vAlI vibhakti ko kAraka-vibhakti kahate haiM (kriyAmuddizya vidhIyamAnA vibhaktiH kaarkvibhktiH)| (2) upapada-vibhakti--avyaya Adi padoM ko uddezya karake prayukta hone vAlI vibhakti ko upapada-vibhakti kahate haiM (padamuddizya vidhIyamAnA vibhaktiH upapadavibhaktiH ) / jahA~ kAraka-vibhakti aura upapada-vibhakti donoM kI eka sAtha prApti hotI hai vahA~ kAraka-vibhakti pradhAna hotI hai (upapadavibhaktaH kaarkvibhktibliiysii)| jaise--(ka) 'munitrayaM namaskRtya' (munitraya ko namaskAra karake; yahA~ 'munitraya' meM 'namaH' avyaya pada ke yoga se caturthI vibhakti kI aura namaskaraNarUpa priyA kA karma hone se dvitIyA vibhakti kI prApti hotI hai parantu kAraka-vibhakti ke pradhAna hone se 'munitraya' meM dvitIyA hii| (kha) 'namaskaroti devAn' (devatAoM ko namaskAra karatA hai)| vibhaktiyoM ke prayoga-sambandhI pramukha niyama isa prakAra haiM prathamA vibhakti ( First case-ending) 1. prAtipadikArthaliGgaparimANavacanamAtre prathamA-prAtipadikArtha meM, liGgamAtra [ ke Adhikya ] meM, parimANamAtra meM aura vacanamAtra meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise (ka) prAtipadikArthamAtra meM prathamA- zabda kA uccAraNa karane para jisa artha kI niyata-pratIti ho use prAtipadika ( Base or crude form) kA artha kahate hai(niyatopasthitikaH prAtipadikArtha); arthAt jaba kisI zabda se usake arthamAtra nA jJAna karAnA abhISTa ho to vahAM prAtipadikArthamAtra meM prathamA vibhakti hotI / saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra kisI zabda meM jaba taka 'supa' vA 'tiha' pratyaya gor3A jAye taba taka vaha arthahIna sA hotA hai| ataH jaba kisI zabda ke kevala ma kA bodha karAnA ho to use prathamA vibhakti ke dvArA prakaTa karate haiM / avyayoM meM vIsI kAraNa prathamA vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / jaise-uccaH ( U~cA), jAnaH (nIcA), zrIH (lakSmI), kRSNaH (vAsudeva), jJAnam, pustakam, rAmAyaNam, kAmaprakAzaH, vRkssH| pacapi prAtipadika se jAti evaM vyakti ke atirikta liGga, saMkhyA aura kAraka .jIbodha hotA hai parantu yahA~ prAtipadika se liGga, saMkhyA Adi kA grahaNa

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saMskRta pravezikA [7:kAraka aura vibhakti nahIM karanA hai kyoMki, 1. zabda sunate hI niyama se sarvatra liGga, saMkhyA Adi kI eka jaisI pratIti nahIM hotI hai; 2. sUtra meM liGga aura saMkhyA ( vacana ) kA prAtipadika se pRthak ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ataH prAtipAdikamAtra ke ve hI zabda udAharaNa ho sakate haiM jo uccarita hone para sarvatra eka jaisI pratIti karAte haiN| aise zabda yA to aliGga (avyaya) hote haiM yA niyata liGga vAle / jina zabdoM kA liGga vizeSya ke anusAra badalatA rahatA hai aise aniyata liGga vAle zabda (taTaH, taTI, taTam ) liGgamAtrAdhikya ke udAharaNa hoMge kyoMki vahA~ zabdArtha (prAtipadikArya) ke atirikta unake liGga kA bhI vizeSarUpa se jJAna hotA hai| (kha) liGgamAtrAdhikya meM prathamA--jaba aniyata liGga vAle zabdoM se prAtipadikArya ke atirikta liGga kA bhI jJAna karAnA abhISTa hotA hai taba vahA~ liGgamAtrAdhikya meM prathamA hotI hai| jaise-taTaH (kinArA), taTI, taTam / kRSNaH (kAlA), kRSNA, kRSNam / yadyapi sUtra se liGga mAtra kA bodha hotA hai parantu vRtti se Adhikya artha liyA gayA hai, kyoMki jAti aura vyakti ke sAtha hI liGga kI pratIti hotI hai, kevala liGga kI nahIM / ataH yahA~ liGgamAtrAdhikya kahA gayA hai| (ga) parimANamAtra meM prathamA--jaba parimANavAcaka zabdoM se parimANasAmAnya kA bodha karAnA abhISTa hotA hai taba vahA~ parimANamAtra meM prathamA hotI hai| jaise-droNo vrIhiH (droNarUpa parimANa se napA huA dhAnya droNa eka baTakharA hai, karIba 64 kilo yA 256 kilo); prastho vrIhiH (praspa AdhA sera); ADharka cUrNam (eka Dhaka parimANa cUrNa; cAra AThaka kA eka droNa hotA hai| yahA~ yadyapi prAtipadikArtha meM prathamA ho sakatI thI parantu parimANamAtra meM ina udAharaNoM ko prastuta karane kA kAraNa hai vaiyAkaraNoM kA anvaya-viSayaka zAdhyabodha kA siddhAnta / ' (pa) bacanamAtra meM prathamA--saMkhyA ko vacana kahate haiM / ataH jaba saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM se saMkhyA sAmAnya kA bodha karAnA abhISTa hotA hai taba vahA~ bacanamAtra meM prathamA hotI hai| jaise-eka: (eka),do (do), bahavaH (bhut)| 1. vaiyAkaraNa prAtipadikArtha kA prAtipadikArtha (nAmArtha kA nAmArtha) ke sAtha abhedAnvaya mAnate haiM / aba yadi 'droNo vrIhiH' meM prAtipadikArtha meM prathamA hotI hai to droNa parimANa kA vrIhi dravya ke sAtha abhedAnvaya hone lagegA aura taba 'droNo vrIhi': kA artha hogA 'droNarUpa bIhi' jo abhISTa nahIM hai| yahA~ abhISTa hai 'droNarUpa parimANa se paricchinnatIlA huA biihi'| isa taraha yahA~ parimANa aura dravya amita nahIM haiM apitu unameM paricchedya-parichedakabhAva sambandha hai jo parimANamAtra meM prathamA karane para hI ho sakatA hai| 2. eka, hi Adi saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM se ekala, dvitva Adi saMkhyA ke prAtiparimANe se hI ukta hone ke kAraNa yahA~ saMkhyA artha kI bodhaka prathamA vibhakti dvitIyA vibhakti] 1 : vyAkaraNa [67 2. sambodhane ca--sambodhana meM bhI prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| 'sambodhana' (zAbdika artha-acchI taraha samajhanA) kA artha hai vaktA kA zrotA ko apanI bAta sunane ke lie apanI ora AkRSTa karanA / jaise-he rAma! he kRSNa ! yadyapi sambodhana meM prathamA vibhakti kA rUpa kahIM-kahI kucha badala jAtA hai parantu niyamataH vahI prathamA vibhakti hI mAnI jAtI hai| zabdarUpoM meM spaSTatA ke liye sambodhana ke rUpa prathamA se pRthak dikhalAye gaye haiN| factor fauft (Second case-ending ) 3. karturIpsitatamaM karma-kartA kA Ipsitatama (sarvAdhika abhISTa ) karma kahalAtA hai| arthAt kartA apanI kriyA ke dvArA jise vizeSarUpa se prApta karanA cAhatA hai usakI karmasaMjJA hotI hai|' karmasaMjJA hone para agale satra 'karmaNi dvitIyA' se usa karma kAraka meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise--(ka) devadattaH payasA modanaM bhukta (devadatta dUdha se bhAta khAtA hai)| yahA~ ke ko yadyapi 'modana' aura 'payas' donoM abhISTa haiM parantu abhISTatama kevala 'modana' hai| ataH usI meM karmaaprApta hai| aisI sthiti meM saMkhyA artha meM jo prathamA vibhakti kI gayI hai usakA kAraNa hai vaiyAkaraNoM kA abhedAnvaya kA siddhAnta ( ihoktArthatvAdvibhaktaraprAptI . vacanam ) / 1. tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam [tathA (ipsitatamava) + yuktam (kriyA se yukta)+ ca (avadhAraNa)+ anIsitam (upekSya yA dveSya)]-tathA yukta (jisa prakAra Ipsita-tama karma kriyA ke sAtha yukta rahatA hai usI prakAra yadi koI) bhanIpsita bhI [kriyA ke sAtha kriyAjanya phalayukta ho to use bhI karmasaMjJA ho] arthAt kartA ko anIpsita hote hue bhI jo padArtha abhI kI taraha kriyA se sambaddha rahate haiM unakI bhI karmasaMjJA hotI hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki Ipsitatama tathA anIpsita karma kA kartA eka hI ho tathA donoM kA prayoga eka kAla meM ho| yadi anIpsita kA anya kriyA se yoga hogA to vaha kriyA se pUrva hI samApta hone vAlI hogii| jaise-'odanaM bhujAno viSaM muDkate' (bhAta khAte hue viSa khAtA hai) / yahA~ kartA ko 'rodana' Ipsitatama hai aura 'viSa' anIpsitatama (dveSya) parantu modana kI hI taraha viSa bhI bhojana-kriyA se anivAryarUpa se sambaddha hai| ataH viSa kI bhI karmasaMjJA huii| isI taraha 'grAma gacchan tRNaM spRzati' (gAMva ko jAtA humA tRNa ko chUtA hai); yahA~ kartA ko gamana kriyA ke dvArA grAma Ipsitatama hai / ataH Ipsitatama grAma kI taraha anIpsita (upekSya) 'tRNa' kI bhI karmasaMjJA huii| yahA~ pradhAna kriyA (gamana kriyA) se pUrva samApta hone vAlI 'sparza kriyA' se tRNa kA yoga usI taraha hai jisa taraha gamana ke dvArA

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dvitIyA vibhakti] 1. vyAkaraNa 6 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti saMjJA hone se dvitIyA vibhakti huI hai| yadi kartA ko 'payas' bhI abhISTatama hogA to usameM bhI dvitIyA hone para vAkya hogA-'devadattaH odanaM payazva gRhNAti' (devavatta bhAta aura dUdha letA hai)| (kha) 'mASeSu azvaM badhnAti' (ur3ada ke kheta meM ghor3e ko bAMdhatA hai)| yahA~ kA bAMdhane kI kriyA ke dvArA azva ko vazavartI karanA cAhatA hai| ataH kartA ko bandhana-vyApAra dvArA azva hI abhISTa hai, na ki 'mASa' / 'mASa' to karmasaMjJaka azva ke lie abhISTa hai| ataeva 'azva' kI hI karmasaMjJA hogii| 4. karmaNi dvitIyA-[anukta] karbha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / kartRvAcya meM karma 'anukta' hotA hai, ataH vahA~ karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaisehari bhajati (hari ko bhajatA hai| yahA~ kA bhakta ko Ipsitatama hari hai, ataeva hari kI karmasaMzA huI tathA kartRvAcya kI kriyA kA prayoga hone se 'hari'gata karma 'anukta' hai); prAmaM gacchati (gAMva ko jAtA hai| pustakaM paThati (pustaka par3hatA hai)| karmavAcya meM karma 'ukta' hotA hai| ataH vahA~ prAtipadikArtha se prathamA hotI hai| jaise--devadattena hariH sevyate ( devadatta ke dvArA hari kI upAsanA kI jAtI hai)| 5. akathitaM ca-akathita (na kathayitum iSTaH- apAdAna Adi vizeSarUpa se avivakSita kAraka) bhI [ karmasaMjJaka hotA hai ]; arthAt kucha padArtha aise hote hai jo dvikarmaka dhAtuoM ke karmoM ke sAtha niyatarUpa se sambandhita hote haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa ve karma ke atirikta apAdAna Adi kArakoM ke artha ko bhI prakaTa karate hai| aise 'akathita karma' (gauNa karma) kI karma saMjJA hotI hai, yadi vaktA use apAdAna Adi ke rUpa meM na kahanA cAhe / apAdAna Adi kI vivakSA hone para karmasaMzA na hokara apAdAnAdi kAraka hI hoNge| ataeva dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para gauNa karma (akathita yA avivakSita karma) kI karma saMjJA hotI hai, yadi gauNakarma meM apAdAna Adi kI vivakSA ( vaktumicchA) na ho| jaise-gAM dogdhi payaH (gAya se dUdha duhatA hai)| yahA~ payas' mukhya karma hai kyoMki kartA (gvAlA) ko abhISTatama 'payas' hai| 'gI' apAdAna kAraka hai| dvikarmaka 'duha' dhAtu kA prayoga hone se aura 'go' meM apAdAna kAraka kI avivakSA hone se mukhya karma 'payas' se vizeSa sambandha rekhane vAlI 'go' akathita karma hai / ataH 'gAm' meM dvitIyA vibhakti huI hai| apAdAna kI vivakSA hone para 'godoMgidha payaH' hogaa| dvikarmaka pAtuoM ke apAdAnAdi kArakoM kI vivakSA aura avivakSA meM anya prayogaH hindI artha avivakSA meM vivakSA meM 1. bali se pRthvI mAMgatA hai-baliM yAcate vasudhA - baleH pAcate vasudhAma / 2. cAvaloM se bhAta pakAtA hai-taNDulAn odanaM pacati- taNDulaH modanaM pacati / 3. gargoM se sau rupayA daNDa letA hai-gagon zataM dagDayati-gargebhyaH zataM daNDayati / 4. vraja meM gAya ko rokatA hai--brajam avaruNaddhi gAm % vraje avaruNaddhi gAm / 5. lar3ake se mArga pUchatA hai-mANavakaM panthAnaM pRcchati-mANavakAt pndhaan| 6. vRkSa se phaloM ko cunatA hai-vRkSam avacinoti phalAni = vRkSAdavacinoti phalAni / 7. lar3ake ke lie dharma kA mANavarka dharma bUte = mANavakAya dharma bUte upadeza detA hai- zAsti vA zAsti vaa| 5. devadatta se sau rupaye jItatA hai- zataM jayati devadattam = zataM jayati devadattAt / 6. amRta ke liye samudra ko purdhA kSIranidhi sudhArya kSIranidhi mathatA hai- madhnAti madhnAti / 10. devadatta se sau rupaye curAtA hai-devadattaM zataM muSNAti - devadattAt zataM muSNAti / 11. gA~va meM bakarI ko le jAtA hai prAmam ajAM nayati = grAme mA0 / yA khIMcatA hai- harati karSati vA 12. bali se pRthivI mAMgatA hai-bali bhikSate vasudhAm - baleH bhikSate vasudhAm / 13. lar3ake ko dharma kahatA hai-mANavaka dharma bhASate - mANavakAya dhrm| abhidhatte vakti vA 8. bU (kahanA), 9. zAs (zAsana karanA), 10. ji (jItanA), 11. math (mathanA), 12. muS (curAnA), 13. nI (le jAnA), 14.ha (haranA), 15. kRS (khIMcanA) aura 16. vaha (le jaanaa)| ina 14 dhAtuoM ke atirikta ve dhAtuyeM bhI dvikarmaka haiM jo inake samAna artha vAlI haiN| jaise-bhiz ( mAMganA), bhAS (kahanA) Adi / 1. aMgrejI meM kartA ke AdhAra para kriyA, karma Adi kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki saMskRta meM kriyA ke AdhAra para hI kartA, karma Adi kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai / ataH saMskRta meM jisa artha meM 'tip' Adi pratyayoM kA prayoga hotA hai vahI 'ukta' kahalAtA hai, zeSa anukt'| kartRvAcya meM 'kartA', karmavAcya meM 'karma' aura bhAvavAcyU meM 'bhAva' tihAdi pratyayoM se ukta hote haiM, anya anukta / karjA Adi nira, kRtAdinamaura ma mAsa se uttugata-ni tAnasabhAdezIbhAnAra '2. dvikarmaka dhAtuyeM (mukhya aura gauNa karma vAlI dhAtuyeM) isa prakAra hai duhyAcpacdaNDavipracchicitrUzAsujimathmuSAm / marmayuk syAdakathitaM tathA syAnnIkRSvahAm / / me ha (duhanA), 2. yAc (mA~ganA), 3. paca (pakAnA), 4. daND (daNDa megA), 5.5 ( rokanA), 6. pracch (pUchanA), 7. ci (cunanA),

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[71 70] saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti 6. gatibuddhipratyavasAnArtha-zabda-karmAkarmakANAmaNi kA sa NI--manArthaka (gam, iN mAdi), jJAnArthaka (jJA, budha, vida Adi), bhakSaNArthaka ( = pratyavasAnArthaka---bhakSa, bhuj Adi), zabdakarmaka (paTa, vac, uccara Adi) tathA akarmaka' (uttiSTha, bAs Adi) dhAtuoM kA sAdhAraNa-avasthA (aNi 3D aNijanta avasthA) kA kartA preraka-avasthA (Ni = Nijanta avasthA) meM karmasaMjJaka ho jAtA hai / jaise zatrUnagamayata svarga, vedArtha svAnavedayat / AzayaccAmRtaM devAn , bedamadhyApaya vidhim // Asayat salile pRthvI, yaH sa me shriihrirgtiH| artha-jinhoMne zatruoM ko svarga bhejA, AtmIya janoM ko veda kA artha samajhAyA, devatAoM ko amRta pilAyA, brahmA ko veda par3hAyA aura pRthivI ko jala para baiThAyA ve hari hI merI gati (AzrayadAtA) hai| jahA~ uparyukta niyama lAgU nahIM hogA vahA~ aNijantAvasthA ke kartA meM NijantAvasthA meM tRtIyA hogii| jaise-pAcakaH odana pacati prabhuH pAcakena odanaM paacyti| NijantarUpa banAne ke lie mUla ghAtu meM Nic ( aya) pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai tathA usake rUpa curAdigaNIya vAtuoM ke samAna calate hai| 7. adhizIsthAsAM karma-adhi' upasargapUrvaka zI (zIG-zayana karanA ), sthA (ThaharanA) aura As (baiThanA) dhAtuoM kA (AdhAra ) karmasaMjJaka hotA hai| jaise-bhUpatiH siMhAsanam adhyAste ( rAjA siMhAsana para baiThA hai); adhizete adhitiSThati adhyAste vA baikuNThaM hariH (hari vaikuNTha meM zayana karate haiM athavA rahate hai athavA haiN)| anyatra saptamI hogI-siMhAsane zete tiSThati bhAste thaa| pa. upAnvadhyAlvasaH-upa, anu, adhi tathA A (Ai) upasargapUrvaka 'vas" (rahanA) dhAtu [ ke AdhAra ] kI karma saMzA hotI hai| jaise-upavamati anuvasati adhivasati Avasati vA baikuNThaM hariH (hari baikuNTha meM vAsa karate hai)| jaba 'upa' 1. adholikhita padyAntargata arthavAlI dhAtuyeM akarmaka hotI haiMlajjA-sattA-sthiti-jAgaraNaM, buddhi-kSaya-bhaya-jIvita-maraNam / zayanaM krIDA-ruci-dIptyartha, dhAtugaNaM tamakarmakamAhuH // 2. ukta patra meM Aye hue Nijanta-vAkyoM ke aNijanta-vAkya kramazaH isa prakAra hoMge-zatravaH svargamagacchan / sve vedArthamaviduH / devA amRtamAznan / vidhi: vedamadhyaMta / pRthvI salile bhAste / dvitIyA vibhakti] 1: vyAkaraNa Adi upasarga nahIM hoMge athavA 'vas' dhAtu kA artha 'rahanA' nahIM hogA to usake AdhAra meM saptamI hogii| jaise-hariH vaikuNThe vasati nivasati vA (hari baikuNTha meM nivAsa karate haiM ); rAmaH bane upavasati (rAma bana meM upavAsa karate haiN)| 6. ubhasarvatasoH kAryA dhiguparyAdiSu triSu / dvitIyAneDitAnteSu tato'nyatrApi dRzyate / / (bArtika) ubhayataH, sarvataH ('ubha' tathA 'sarva' zabda ke sAtha 'tas' - tasila pratyaya jor3ane se kramazaH ubhayataH tathA sarvataH pada bane haiM-'ubhasarvayostasau ubhasarvataso tadantayoryoga) aura Sik [zabda ] ke yoga meM AnaMDitAnta 'upari' ANi tIna (upari, aSaH aura adhi-ye tInoM sAmIpya artha meM dvirukta-ADita hote haiN| ataH uparyupari, adho'dhaH aura adhyadhi) ke yoga meM [ inakA jisase saMyoga ho usameM ] dvitIyA hotI hai| isake atirikta anya sthaloM (abhitaH, paritaH Adi) meM bhI dvitIyA dekhane meM AtI hai| jaise-ubhayataH kRSNa gopAH ( kRSNa ke donoM ora gvAle haiM); sarvataH kRSNam (kRSNa ke sabhI ora); dhik kRSNAbhaktam (kRSNa ke anupAsaka kI dhikkAra hai); uparyupari lokaM hariH (loka ke samIpa uparibhAga meM hari hai arthAt hari loka ke ThIka Upara haiM); agho'dho lokaM pAtAlaH (loka ke samIpa adhobhAga meM pAtAla hai); adhyadhi lokam (loka ke samIpa meN)| 'dhi ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI prathamA aura sambodhana kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| jaise--dhigiyaM daridratA ( isa daridratA ko dhikkAra hai); dhingmuuddh!| 10. abhitaHparivaHsamayA-nikaSA-hA-pratiyoge'pi (vAtika)-amita: (abhi + tasiladonoM ora), paritaH (pari + tasila - cAroM ora), sagayA (samIpa yA madhyabhAga), nikaSA ( samIpa), hA (kheda) aura prati (bhora) ke yoga meM [ inakA jisase saMyoga ho usameM ] bhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaiseabhitaH kRSNam (kRSNa ke donoM aura); paritaH kRSNam (kRSNa ke cAroM ora); pAma samayA (gA~va ke pAsa yA madhyabhAga meM); nikaSA laGkA (lakA ke samIpa ):. hA kRSNAbhaktam (kRSNa ke abhakta ke viSaya meM kheda hai); mandautsukyo'smi nagaragaganaM prati ( nagara jAne ke prati utkaNThA manda hai); mAtuH hRdayaM kanyAM prati snigdhaM bhavati (mAtA kA hRdaya kanyA ke prati komala hotA hai); bubhukSitaM na pratibhAti kiciva (bhUkhe ko kucha acchA nahIM lagatA hai); samayA taM sthitA rAdhA (usake pArA rAdhA thii)| 11. antarA'ntareNa yukte-antarA (bIca meM ) aura antareNa (vinA) |mavyayoM ] ke yoga meM [inakA jisake sAtha sambandha ho usameM dvitIyA hotI hai| ga antarA tvAM mAM hariH ( tumhAre aura mere bIca meM hari haiM); antareNa harita

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72] saMskRta-pravezikA [7: kAraka aura vibhakti sukham (hari ke vinA sukha nahIM); tvAmantareNa ko'nyaH pratikatuM samarthaH ( tumhAre vinA dUsarA kauna badalA lene meM samartha hai)| 12. kAlAdhavanoratyantasaMyoge--atyanta-saMyoga (nirantaratA avicchinnatA) , hone para kAlavAcaka aura mArga (adhva) vAcaka [ zabdoM ] meM [dvitIyA hotI hai| jaise-mAsamadhIte (nirantara mahIne bhara par3hatA hai); krozaM kuTilA madI (eka kosa taka nadI Ter3hI hai); krozaM giriH (eka kosa lambA pahAr3a hai); krozamadhIte (kosa bhara calate hue par3hatA hai); mAsaM kalyANI ( mahInA bhara kalyANI hai)| atyanta saMyoga na hone para dvitIyA nahIM hogI-mAsasya dviradhIte (mahIne meM do bAra par3hatA hai); krozasya ekadeze parvataH (kosa ke eka bhAga meM parvata hai)| vizeSa ke lie dekhie-- 'apavarga tRtiiyaa'| aatar farafii (Third case-ending ) 13. sAdhakatamaM karaNam-[kartA ko kriyA kI siddhi meM ] sAdhakatama( sabase adhika sahAyaka yA upakAraka ) karaNa kAraka kahalAtA hai| karaNa kAraka meM agrima sUtra 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA' se tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise -kuThAreNa kASTha chinatti (kuThAra se lakar3I kATatA hai| yahA~ kASTha-chedana kriyA meM kuThAra sarvAdhika sahAyaka hai; ataH kuThAra meM tRtIyA vibhakti huii)| 14. kartRkaraNayostRtIyo-[ anukta ] kartA ( karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya kA kartA) tathA karaNa meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise--rAmeNa bANena hato bAlI (rAma ke dvArA bANa se bAlI mArA gayA; yahA~ 'han' dhAtu se karmavAcya meM 'kta' pratyaya jor3ane para 'hataH' banA hai| karmavAcya meM 'kta' hone se yahAM 'kta' se karma 'ukta' hai, tathA kartA aura karaNa anukta haiM); mayA gamyate (mare dvArA jAyA jAtA hai; yahA~ bhAvavAcya kI kriyA kA prayoga hai| ataH kartA anukta hai); ahaM jalena mukhaM akSAlayAmi (maiM jala se mukha dhotA hU~; isa kartRvAcya ke prayoga meM kriyA se kartA 'ukta' hai parantu karaNa anukta' hai)| 15. apavarga tRtIyA-apavarga (phalaprApti yA kAryasiddhi) meM tRtIyA hotI hai| yaha 'kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge' kA vizeSa vidhAna hai| arthAta kAlavAcaka aura mArgavAcaka zabdoM meM tRtIyA hotI hai yadi vahA~ atyantasaMyoga ke sAtha phalaprApti bhI ho| jaise-ahrA krozena vA pustakam adhItavAn ( eka dina meM yA eka kosa meM pustaka par3ha lI; arthAt pUre dina bhara athavA pUre eka kosa calate-calate pustaka ko, par3ha liyA tathA par3hane kA phala jo jJAna hai vaha bhI prApta kara liyA ); paJcabhiH din| nIrogo jAtaH (pAMca dinoM meM nIroga ho gayA ); mAsena yojanena vA vyAkaraNama tRtIyA vibhakti ] 1: vyAkaraNa dhItam (eka mahIne meM yA eka yojana meM vyAkaraNa par3ha lI); ahA krozena vA kathA samAptavAn (eka dina meM yA eka kosa meM kathA pUrI par3ha lii)| phalaprApti na hone para dvitIyA hI hogI-'mAsamadhIto nAyAtaH' ( mahIne bhara par3A. parantu jJAna prApta nahIM hubhA ) / 16. sahayukte'pradhAne--saha (saha, sAkaM, samaM, sArdham Adi sahArthaka zabdoM) kA yoga hone para apradhAna (jo pradhAna = kartA kA sAtha detA hai) meM tRtIyA hotI hai| jaise-putreNa saha AgataH pitA (putra ke sAtha pitA jI Ae; yahA~ pitA pradhAna kartA hai aura putra apradhAna kartA kyoMki pitA kA hI kriyA ke sAtha mukhya sambandha hai); pitrA saha AgataH putraH (pitA ke sAtha putra AyA; isa vAkya meM putra pradhAna kA hai aura pitA apradhAna); guruNA sAkaM sAdha samaM saha vA chAtrA: gacchanti ( guru ke sAtha chAtra jAte haiN)| 17. pRthagvinAnAnAbhistRtIyA'nyatarasyAm-pRthak ( alaga ), vinA aura nAnA ( vinA) ina zabdoM ke yoga se tRtIyA vikalpa (= anyatara-dvitIyA aura paJcamI ) se hotI hai| jaise-rAmeNa rAmAt rAmaM vA binA dazaratho nAjIvata (rAma ke binA dazaratha nahIM jiye); urmilA caturdazavarSANi lakSmaNaM lakSmaNena lakSmaNAda vA pRthak nivasati sma (urmilA caudaha varSoM taka lakSmaNa se alaga rahI); nAnA nArI niSphalA lokayAtrA (nArI ke binA saMsArayAtrA niSphala hai); prakRteH pRthak (prakRti se bhinna ),viyAM binA sukhaM nAsti / 18. yenAGgavikAra:--jisase aGgI' ('avayavadharma kA samudAya meM Aropa hotA hai' isa niyama se sUtra meM aGga zabda aGgIvAcaka hai / 'aGgAni asya santi' = isake aGga haiN| isa artha meM aGga zabda se matvarthIya 'ac' pratyaya huA hai) kA vikAra dyotita ho, usase tRtIyA ho; arthAt jisa aGga ke vikRta hone se aGgI kA vikAra lakSita hotA hai. usa vikRta aGgavAcaka zabda se tRtIyA hotI hai| jaise--akSaNA kANaH ( eka A~kha se kAnA ); karNana badhiraH ( kAna se bahirA); udareNa tundilaH (peTa se toMdU): pRSThena kUbjaH (pITha se kUbar3A); pAdena khajaH (paira se laMgar3A); zirasA khalvATaH (zira se gNjaa)| jahA~ aGgI meM vikAra na mAlUma par3e bahI nRtIyA nahIM hogI-akSi kANam asya ( isakI A~kha kAnI hai)| 16. itthaMbhUta lakSaNe-itthaMbhUtalakSaNa ( ayaM prakAraH itthaM, taM bhUtaH = prAptaH itthaMzutaH, tasya lakSaNe = ityaMbhUtalakSaNe / itthaM kA artha hai-ayaM prakAraH 'yaha prakAra'; arthAt isakA sAmAnya artha hai-vizeSaNa / bhUtaH 'bhU + kta' kA artha hai-'praapt'| lakSaNa kA artha hai-'jJApita') meM tRtIyA hotI hai; arthAt jaba kisI cihnavizeSa ro kisI vastuvizeSa kI pahacAna hotI hai to vahA~ usa cihnavizeSa meM tRtIyA hotI

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saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti hai| jaise-jaTAbhistApasaH (jaTAoM se tapasvI jJAta hotA hai| yahA~ 'tApasatva' tApasa kA prakAra vizeSaNa hai aura tApasa kA jJApaka hai 'jaTA'); daNDena sanyAsI (daNDa se sanyAsI lagatA hai)| 20. hetau-hetu ( hetvayaM = kAraNa artha ) meM [ hetuvAcaka zabdoM se tRtIyA hotI hai| jaise-daNDena ghaTaH ( daNDahetuka ghaTa = daNDa ghaTa kA hetu hai); puNyena dRSTo hariH (puNya ke kAraNa hari ke darzana hue): dhanaM parizrameNa bhavati (dhama parizrama se prApta hotA ); buddhiH vidyayA vardhate (buddhi vidyA se bar3hatI hai)| vizeSa ke lie 'SaSThI hetuprayoge' draSTavya hai| caturthI vibhakti ( Fourth case-ending) 21. karmaNA yamabhipreti sa sampradAnam-[ dAna kriyA ke ] karma ke dvArA [kartA] jisako abhipreta ( santuSTa yA sambandhita ) karatA hai vaha sampradAna (samyak pradIyate asmai tat sampradAnam - jisako pUrI taraha se diyA jAtA hai aise deya dravya kA uddezya sampradAna ) kahA jAtA hai| sampradAnasaMzA hone para agrima mUtra 'caturthI sampradAne se usameM caturNI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise--viprAya go padAti (brAhmaNa ko dAna meM gAya detA hai| yahA~ kA godAna karma ke dvArA brAhmaNa ko santuSTa karanA cAhatA hai)| ____ yadi sapA dAna artha nahIM hogA to 'SaSThI zeSe' sUtra se SaSThI vibhakti hogI- rajakasya vastraM dadAti' (dhobI ko dhone ke lie kapar3A detA hai)| 22. caturthI sampradAne-sampradAna meM caturthI vibhakti hotI hai| jaisebAlakAya pustakaM dadAti ( lar3ake ko pustaka dAna meM detA hai)| 23. rucyarthAnAM prIyamANa:-racyarthakoM (prIti artha vAlI ruc , svad Adi dhAtuoM) ke yoga meM] prIyamANa (prasanna hone vAlA) sampradAna ho| jaise-haraye rocate bhaktiH (hari ko bhakti acchI lagatI hai); mahyam adhyayanaM rocate ( mujhe adhyayana acchA lagatA hai); bAlakAya modakAH rocante ( bAlaka ko laDDU acche lagate haiN)| 24. dhAraruttamarNaH-dhAri (Nijanta'' = karja lenA yA udhAra lenA) dhAtu ke yoga meM uttamarNa (RNa dene vAlA sAhUkAra) sampradAna hotA hai| jaise-zyAmaH yajJadattAya zataM dhArayati ( zyAma ne yazadatta se sau rupayA udhAra liyA hai); tvaM mAM sahasraM dhArayasi ( tuma mere sau rupaye ke RNI ho); bhaktAya dhArayati vaM hariH (hari bhakta ke lie mokSa ke RNI haiN)| 25. krudhaduheAsUyArthAnAM yaM prati kopaH-dhu (kodha karanA), duha (droha mAra karanA), yaM. (IyA karanA) tathA asUba (bAha karanA yA aiva caturthI vibhakti ] 1 : vyAkaraNa [75 nikAlanA) ke artha vAlI dhAtuoM ke yoga meM jisake prati krodhAdi kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sampradAna hotA hai| jaise-haraye Rdhyati brahmati ISyati asUyati vA (hari ke Upara krodha karatA hai, droha karatA hai athavA asUyA karatA hai); khalAH sajjanebhyaH asUyanti ( duSTa sajjanoM se asUyA karate haiM ) / vizeSa---jaba kudha aura daha dhAtuyeM sopasarga hotI hai taba vahA~ karmasaMjJA hotI hai-guruM khalaH chAtraH saMRSyati ( guru ke prati dRSTa chAtra krodha karatA hai); krUramabhikuSyati adhigruhyati vA (tara ke prati krodha ya. droha karatA hai)| 26. tAdadhye catarthI vAcyA (vArtika)-tAdarthya (tasmai kAryAya idaM tadartham , tadarthasya bhAvaH tAdayam = tadartha + Syam ) meM caturthI jAnanA cAhie; arthAta jisa prayojana ke lie koI kArya kiyA jAtA hai usa prayojana meM caturthI hotI hai| jaise-muktaye hari bhajati (bhUkti ke lie hari ko bhajatA hai); zizuH modakAya roditi (bAlaka laDDU ke lie rotA hai); kAvyaM yazase ( kAvya yaza ke lie); vidyA vivAdAya dhanaM madAya (vidyA vivAda ke lie aura dhana mada ke lie ) / 27. kriyArthopapadasya ca karmaNi sthAninaH-kriyArthA-kriyA (kriyA arthaH phalaM yasyAH sA kriyA sA kriyA kriyAkriyA' arthAt jisa kriyA kA phala koI kriyA ho usa kriyA ko 'kriyArthAkriyA' kahate haiM) jisakA upapada (padasya samIpam upapadam pada ke samIpa meM jo rahatA hai use upapada kahate hai / yadyapi kriyA upapada nahIM ho sakatI hai tathApi vAcaka zabda ke dvArA usameM upapadatva mAnA gayA hai), hai aise sthAnI (padanivusa adhikArI 'sthAnI' kahalAtA hai, tadanusAra aprayujyamAna 'tumun' pratyayAnta pada kI prakRtibhUta dhAtu ) ke karma meM caturthI hotI hai, arthAt yadi 'tumun pratyayAnta dhAtu kA prayoga parokSa rahe to usake karma meM caturthI hotI hai / jaise-phalebhyo yAti (= phalAni AnetuM yAti =phala lAne ke lie jAtA hai| yahA~ 'yAti' kiyA 'kriyA-kriyA' yA 'kriyA phalaka-kriyA hai kyoMki 'gamana' kriyA kA prayojana hai 'phaloM ko laanaa'| yaha 'yAti' kriyA aprayujyamAna 'Ahatum' 'mA+ha + tumun' pada ke lie upapada hai / ataeva sthAnI 'ha' dhAtu ke karma 'phala' meM dvitIyA na hokara caturthI huI); banAya gAm amuJcat ( vanaM gantuM gAm amuJcata bana jAne ke lie gAya ko chor3A); namaskurmo mRsiMhAya (=siMham anukUlayituM namaskurmaH nRsiMha bhagavAn ko anukUla karane ke lie namaskAra karate haiM ) / 28. tumarthAca bhAvavacanAt-'tumun' arthavAcI bhAva-pratyayAnta zabdoM se bhI caturthI hotI hai| arthAt 'tumun' pratyaya ke artha ko prakaTa karane ke lie usI dhAtu (jisase 'tumun' pratyaya karanA ho ) se banI huI bhAvavAcaka saMjJAoM meM caturSI hotI hai| jaise--yAgAya ( yaj + ghaJnyAgaH ) yAti (yaSTuM 'yaj + tumun' yAti yajJa kriyA iya kriyArthA, kriyA kriyA uthapadaM yasya sAtatya kriyaassipdsy|

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saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti karane ke lie jAtA hai); dAnAya ( dAtum ) dhanamabarjayati ( dAna dene ke lie dhana kamAtA hai); paThanAya (paThitum ) icchati ( par3hane kI icchA rakhatA hai)| 26. namAsvastisvAhAsvadhAlavaSaDyogAca-namaH ( namaskAra ), svasti ( maMgala, kalyANa ), svAhA ( devatA ko dAma), svadhA (pitaroM ko vAma ), alam ( samartha, paryApta ) aura vaSaT ( havi kA dAna ) ke yoga se [ jise namaskAra Adi kiyA jAe, usameM ] caturthI hotI hai| jaise-haraye namaH ( hari ko namaskAra); prajAbhyaH svasti (prajAoM kA maMgala ); agnaye svAhA (agni devatA ko dAna); pitRbhyaH svadhA (pitaroM ko dAna ) daityemyo hariralam ( daityoM ke lie hari paryApta haiM); indrAya vaSaT ( indra ke lie havi kA daan)| 'alam' yadi niSedha artha meM prayukta hogA to tRtIyA vibhakti hogI-'alaM mahIpAla tava zrameNa (he rAjan ! Apa vyartha zrama na kreN)| ___ 'upapadavibhakteH kArakavibhaktibalIyasI' isa pUrvokta niyama se 'munitrayaM namaskRtya' meM dvitIyA vibhakti huI hai| pazcamI vibhakti ( Fifth case-ending ) 30. dhruvamapAye'pAdAnam-apAya ( apa + ay + ghaapAya 3 vizleSa yA vibhAga) hone para dhruva ( avadhibhUta) apAdAnasaMjJaka hotA hai| arthAt jisase vibhAga hotA hai vaha (ghuva) apAdAna hotA hai| apAdAna saMjJA hone para agrima sUtra 'apAdAne paJcamI' se paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise--vRkSAt patraM patati (vRkSa se patra giratA hai| yahA~ 'vRkSa' avadhibhUta hai aura usase patra vibhakta ho rahA hai; dhAvato'zvAt patati ( daur3ate hue ghor3e se giratA hai)| 11. apAdAne paJcamI-apAdAna meM paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai| jaisesaH prAsAdAt apatat (vaha mahala se girA); grAmAvAyati saH (baha gAMva se AtA hai)| 32. jugupsAvirAmapramAdArthAnAmupasaMkhyAnam (vA.)-jugupsA (ghRNA), virAma (virati) tathA pramAda (asAvadhAnI) artha vAlI dhAtuoM kA bhI [ apAdAna saMjJA ke rUpa meM ] parigaNana karanA cAhie; arthAt ina dhAtuoM ke artha vAlI dhAtuoM ke yoga meM jisase jugupsA Adi kI jAye usakI apAdAna saMjJA hotI hai| isameM buddhi parikalpita vibhAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jaisepApAjjugupsate viramati vA (pApa se ghRNA karatA hai yA virakta hotA hai); dharmApramAdyati (dharma se pramAda karatA hai); svAdhikArAtpramattaH (apane adhikAra se pramatta); satyAnna pramaditavyam (satya se pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie); svAdhyAyAnmA pramadaH ( svAdhyAya se pramAda mata kro)| paJcamI vibhakti] 1: vyAkaraNa [77 33. bhItrArthAnAM bhayahetuH-bhayArthaka aura prANArthaka dhAtuoM ('bhI' tathA '' dhAtu ke artha vAlI dhAtuoM) kA yoga hone para bhaya kA kAraNa apAdAna hotA hai| vastutaH yahA~ buddhikalpita vibhAga hI hai| jaise-caurAd bibheti (cora se DaratA hai); lokApavAdAda bhayam (lokanindA se bhaya ); mArjArAd dugdhaM trAtumicchati (billI se dUdha kI rakSA karanA cAhatA hai); mAM narakapAsAt rakSa (naraka meM girane se merI rakSA kro)| bhaya-hetu ke na hone para apAdAna saMjJA nahIM hogIaraNye bibheti ( jaMgala meM DaratA hai; yahA~ jaMgala se bhaya nahIM hai apitu jaMgalI jIvoM se bhaya hai jo isa vAkya meM nahIM hai)| 4. bAraNArthAnAmIpsitaH-vAraNArthaka (vAraNa pravRtti ko rokanA) dhAtuoM ke [prayoga hone para ] Ipsita kI apAdAna saMzA hotI hai| arthAt jisase kisI ko vAraNa karanA abhilaSita ho usameM paJcamI hotI hai| jaise--yavebhyo gAM vArayati (jau se gAya ko rokatA hai); pApAnivArayati mitram ( mitra ko pApa se dUra karatA hai); agneH bAlakAn vArayati (Aga se bAlaka ko dUra karatA hai)| 35 antadhauM yenAdarzanamicchati-gopana (= antadhi 'antar +yA+ki'= vyavadhAna) hone para jisase adarzana kI icchA karatA hai vaha apAdAna hotA hai; arthAt jaba koI kisI se apane ko chipAnA cAhatA hai to jisase chipAnA cAhatA hai vaha apAdAnasaMjJaka hotA hai| jaise--mAtunilIyate kRSNaH (kRSNa mAtA se chipatA hai); antardhatsva raghuvyAghAt rAkSasezvara ! (he rAkSasarAja rAvaNa ! tuma raghurUpI vyAghra se apane ko chipaao)| 36. AkhyAtopayoge-upayoga ( upayujyate phalAya iti upayogaH jo nizcita phala ke lie prayukta ho; parantu yahA~ yaha zabda niyamapUrvaka vidyAgrahaNa meM rUTa hai) meM AkhyAtA (A samantAda khyAti vakti iti AkhyAtA guru, upAdhyAya) apAdAnasaMjJaka hotA hai; arthAt jisase niyamapUrvaka vidyA sIkhI jAtI hai vaha guru apAdAna hotA hai| jaise-upAdhyAyAd adhIte ( upAdhyAya se par3hatA hai); adhyApakAt saMskRtaM paThati (zikSaka se saMskRta par3hatA hai)| niyamapUrvaka vidyA na sIkhane para SaSThI hogI--'naTasya gAthAM zRNoti' (naTa kI gAthA sunatA hai)| 37. janikateH prakRtiH-utpatti ke kartA (janeH utpattyAH kartA jAnakartA tasya janikartuH% jAyamAnasya- utpatti kA kartA vahI hotA hai jo utpanna hotA hai) kI prakRti (hetu) apAdAna hotI hai; arthAt 'jani' (paidA honA) dhAtu ke kartA kA mUla kAraNa apAdAna hotA hai / jaise--brahmaNaH prajAH prajAyante (brahmA se prajAyeM utpanna hotI haiM ); gomayAt vRzciko jAyate ( gobara se bicchU paidA hotA hai );

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78] saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti 'pAtrApAtraviveko'sti ghenupanna gayoryathA / tRNAtsaMjAyate kSIraM kSIrAtsaMjAyate vissm'| (gAya aura sarpa meM pAtra aura apAtra kA viveka hai| ata: gAya meM ghAsa se dUdha paidA hotA hai aura sarpa meM dUdha se viSa paidA hotA hai)| 15. bhuvaH prabhavaH-bhU (bhavana-prathama prakAza yA AvirbhAva) [ ke kartA ] kA prabhava (prathama prakAzana sthala ) apAdAnasaMjJaka hotA hai; arthAt prabhava (prabhU dhAtu ) ke yoga meM prathama prakAzana sthala ( AvirbhAva sthala ) apAdAna hotA hai| yahA~ 'prathama prakAzana' kA artha utpatti nahIM hai| pUrvasUtrastha 'jani' kA artha hai'abhUtaprAdurbhAva' aura 'prabhava' kA artha hai-'anya sthala se siddha vastu kA prathama upalambha (jJAna yA prkaashn)| jaise-himavato gaGgA prabhavati (himAlaya se gaGgA AvirbhUta hotI hai| yahA~ gaGgA kA utpattisthAna himAlaya nahIM hai apitu gajA kA utpattisthAna viSNu kA caraNa hai, pazcAt brahmA ke kamaNDalu meM, anantara ziva kI jaTA meM, punaH himAlaya meM usakA prakAzana hotA hai); dharmAdarthaH prabhavati (dharma se artha hotA hai); lobhAt krodhaH prabhavati ( lobha se krodha hotA hai)| 36. pancamI vibhakte-vibhakta (vibhAga hone para bhedAzraya) meM paJcamI hotI hai / yaha sUtra Age Ane vAle 'yatazca nirdhAraNam' sUtra kA vizeSa vidhAna karatA hai; arthAta jaba sarvathA bhitra do vastuoM meM paraspara (tAratamya ke AdhAra se ) pArthakya (vibhAjana) batalAyA jAtA hai to jisase bheda batalAyA jAtA hai usameM paJcamI hotI hai| jaise-mAthurAH pATaliputrakebhyaH ADhayatarAH (mathurA ke loga paTanA ke logoM kI apekSA dhanI adhika haiM); dhanAt vidyA garIyasI (dhana se vidyA prazasya hai); devadattAt yajJadattaH sundarataraH ( devadatta se yajJadatta sundara hai); maunAt satyaM viziSyate (mauna se satya prazasya hai); varAt paraM nAsti (Izvara se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai)| 40. anyArAditaratedikazabdAbyUttarapadAjAhiyukte-anya( bhinna), bhArAt (dUra yA nikaTa), itara (bhinna), Rte (vinA), digvApaka zabda (pUrva, dakSiNa Adi), acUttarapada (samAsa ke anta meM prayukta 'aJca' pAtu se niSpanna digyAcaka zabdaprAk, pratyak , udaka Adi), 'Ac' pratyAnta digvAcaka zabda ( dakSiNA, uttarA Adi) tathA 'Ahi' pratyayAnta digvAcaka zabda (dakSiNAhi, uttarAhi Adi)inake yoga meM pancamI hotI hai| yahA~ 'itara' zabda kA pRthak grahaNa anyArthaka bhinna, para, apara Adi samasta zabdoM ke grahaNa ke liye hai| 'aJcUtarapada' vastutaH dik zabda hI hai| jaise - anyo bhinna itaro vA kRSNAta (kRSNa se bhinna); ArAda banAta, (vana se nikaTa yA tUra); Rte kRSNAva, (kRSNa ke vinA); jJAnAt Rte na sukham (jJAna ke / vinA sukha mahI): prAk pratyagdA prAmAt (gAMva ke pUrva yA pazcima kI ora); SaSThI vibhakti ] 1: vyAkaraNa [76 trAt pUrvaH phAlgunaH (caitra se pahale phAlguna hai); dakSiNA dakSiNAhi vA prAmA (gA~va se dakSiNa yA dakSiNI dizA kI ora); dakSiNAhi grAmAt (gAMva se dakSiNa); uttarA samudrAta ( samudra se uttara kI or)| ... 41. dUrAnti kArthebhyo dvitIyA ca-dUrArthaka aura antikArSaka ( samIpArthaka) zabdoM se dvitIyA [tRtIyA aura paJcamI ] bhI ho| yahAM cakAra se tRtIyA aura paJcamo kA grahaNa hotA hai tathA saptamyadhikaraNe ca' sUtra meM prayukta 'ca' se prakaraNa-prApta dUra aura astika artha vAle zabdoM se saptamI bhI hotI hai| jaise-daraM dUreNa durAt dUre vA grAmasya grAmadvA (gA~va se dUra); antikam antikena antikAda antike vA nikaTaM nikaTena nikaTAt nikaTe vA vanasya banAdvA ( bana ke samIpa); 'dUrAdAvasathAnmUtra dUrAtpAdAvasecanam / dUrAcca bhAvyaM dasyubhyo dUrAcca kupitAd guroH' / (ma0 bhA0) nivAsa sthAna se dUra meM pezAba karanA cAhie tathA paira ghonA caahie| coroM se tathA kupita guru se dUrI para rahanA caahie| SaSThI vibhakti (Sixth case-ending) 42. SaSThI zeSe-zeSa ( kAraka aura prAtipadikArtha se bhinna sva-svAmibhAva Adi sambandhavizeSoM) meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai; arthAt jo kAma anya vibhaktiyoM se nahIM hotA hai usameM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai / SaSThI vibhakti kAraka-vibhakti nahIM hai| isameM vAkya ke eka zabda kA dUsare zabda ke sAtha sambandha batalAyA jAtA hai| ye sambandhavizeSa kaI prakAra ke hote hai / jaise-svAmI aura naukara kA (sva-svAmibhAva), pitA aura putra kA (janya-janakabhAva), miTTI aura par3A kA (kArya-kAraNabhAva) sambandha / inhIM sambandhavizeSoM ko batalAne ke lie SaSThI kA prayoga hotA hai| sambandha yadyapi dviSTha (do meM rahane vAlA hotA hai parantu SaSThI vibhakti sambandhI padArthoM meM jo vizeSaNa (bhedaka) hotA hai usI meM hotI hai| jaise-rAjJaH puruSaH ( rAjA kA AdamI); bAlakasya pitA (bAlaka kA pitA); mRttikAyAH ghaTaH (miTTI kA ghar3A); rAmasya pustakam ( rAma kI pustaka); tasya cittam ( usakA antaHkaraNa); skhalanaM manuSyANAM dharmaH (galatI karanA manuSya kA dharma hai); yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA (jisakI svayaM buddhi nahIM hai)| 43. SaSThI hetuprayoge hetu [zabda ] kA prayoga hone para [ tathA hetutva ke cotita hone para hetuvAcaka zabda meM ] SaSThI ho; arthAt hetu ke (kAraNa yA prayojana) artha hone para yadi hetu' zabda kA bhI prayoga hA ho to hetu vAcaka zabda meM SaSThI hotI hai| yaha 'heto' sUtra kA apavAda hai / jaise--annasya hetorvasati ( anna kI prApti ke prayojana se rahatA hai); adhyayanasya hetoH vArANasyAM tiSThati (adhyayana ke prayojana se vArANasI meM rahatA hai), ampasya hai.to dAtumiccana /

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SaSThI, saptamI vibhakti 80] 1. vyAkaraNa tulya saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti hetu' zabda kA prayoga na hone para 'hato' sUtra se tRtIyA hogI-'adhyayanena vsti'| nimittArthaka zabda ke sAtha yadi sarvanAma kA bhI prayoga ho to prAyaH sabhI vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai-ko hetuH, kaM hetum, kena hetunA, kasmai hetave, kasmAt hetoH, kasya hetoH, kasmin hetI (kisa hetu se)| isI prakAra--- kiM nimittama, ki prayojanam (kauna sA prayojana); jJAnena nimittena, jJAnAya nimittAya, jJAnAt nimitAta, jJAnasya nimittasya, jJAne nimitte hariH sevyaH (zAna ke lie hari sevya haiN)| asarvanAma kA prayoga hone para prathamA aura dvitIyA nahIM hotI haiM / 44. kartRkarmaNoH kRti-'kRt' (taca, gha, yuT, ktin, Nvula Adi kRt ) [pratyayAnta zabdoM ke yoga] meM kartA aura karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| sAmAnya niyamAnusAra 'anukta' kartA meM tRtIyA, anukta karma meM dvitIyA tathA ukta kartA evaM karma meM prathamA hotI haiN| yaha isa niyama kA apavAda hai| arthAt kRt pratyayAnta (gatiH bhojanam Adi) padoM kA prayoga hone para unake kartA aura karma meM SaSThI hotI hai (tiDanta ke kartA aura karma meM nhiiN)| jaise--kRSNasya kRtiH (ka+ktin kRSNakartRka kRti-kRSNa kI kRti); vedasya adhyetA (adhi+ IG + tRc veda kA adhyayanakartA) / yahA~ prathama vAkya meM 'kRti' kA kartA 'kRSNa' tathA dvitIya vAkya meM 'adhyetA' kA karma 'veda' SaSThI vibhakti meM hai| anya udAharaNa-jagataH kartA (kR + tRc) kRSNaH (jagat kA kartA kRSNa hai); bAlakAnAM rodanam (ruda + lyuT bAlakoM kA ronA ); viSasya bhojanam (bhuj + lyuT, viSa kA bhojana ); rAkSasAno pAtaH (han + paJ; rAkSasoM kA vinAza); rAjyasya prAptiH (prAp + ktin: rAjya kI prApti); pustakasya pAThakaH (paTh + Nvula; pustaka kA pAThaka); yA sRSTiH sraSTurAdhA (sRja + ktin; jo brahmA kI prathama sRSTi hai)| 45. ubhayaprAptI karmaNi-[eka hI kRta ke yoga meM ] ubhayaprApti (kartA aura karma donoM kI upasthiti) hone para karma meM SaSThI ho [kartA meM nahIM] / jaiseAzcaryo gavAM dohaH (duha + dham) agopena (agopakartRka gokarmaka jo dohana vaha adbhuta hai - Azcarya hai, agopa se gAyoM kA duhA jAnA); granthAnAM pAThaH azikSitena (azikSita ne granthoM kA pATha kiyaa)| yadi kartA aura karma bhinna-bhinna 'kRt' se sambandhita hoMge to isa sUtra kI gati nahIM hogii| jaise-odanasya pAkaH brAhmaNAnAM ca prAdurbhAvaH ( anna kA pAka aura brAhmaNoM kA prAdurbhAva) / 46. tulyArthairatulopamAbhyAM tRtIyAnyatarasyAm-'tulA' aura 'upamA' ko chor3akara tulyArthaka (tulya, sadRza, sama Adi) zabdoM se tRtIyA vikalpa (viklpaabhaav| meM SaSThI) se hotI hai / tulA aura upamA ke sAtha SaSThI hI hotI hai, tRtIyA nhiiN| jaise -kRSNasya upamA tulA vA nAsti ( kRSNa kI tulanA nahIM hai); kRSNasya kRSNena / 1.nimijapAyayau sarvAta praamdrshnm|praamgRhnnaar asarvanAmnA dilI jasta:/ vA tulyaH sadRzaH samo vA ( kRSNa ke sadRga); nAyaM mayA bhama vA parAkrama vimati (yaha mere barAbara parAkrama nahIM rkhtaa)| 47. SaSThI cAnAdare-anAdara [ ke atizaya ] maiM [ saptamI ke sAtha ] SaSThI bhI ho [ yadi bhAvalakSaNa ho]| isa sUtra meM 'yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam' sUtra kI anuvRtti hai tathA cakAra se saptamI kI anuvRtti hai| isa prakAra isa sUtra kA artha humA 'jisake bhAva ( kriyA) se anAdara (tiraskArAtizaya) viSayaka bhAvAntara (kriyAntara ) lakSita ho usase SaSThI tathA saptamI ho| anAdara kA artha ma hone para saptamI hI hogI, SaSThI nahIM / jaise-rudati putra svataH vA putrasya prAvAmIt (rote hue putra kA tiraskAra karake vaha sanyAsI ho gayA; yahA~ 'rudataH' kiyA zabda se 'prAbajIta' rUpa kriyAntara tathA baccoM kI paravAha na karake unakA atyadhika tiraskAra bhI lakSita ho rahA hai); nivArayatyapi pitari nivArayato'pi pituH devadattaH adhyapanaM parityaktavAn (pitA ke rokane para bhI devadatta ne par3hanA chor3a diyaa)| saptamI vibhakti (Seventh case-ending) 48. AdhAro'dhikaraNam-[kartA yA karma se sambandhita kriyA kA AdhAra adhikaraNa hotA hai / adhikaraNa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai (ka) aupazleSika AdhAra ( Location of contact )-jisake sAtha Adheya kA saMyoga (bhautika yA zArIrika sambandha ho| jaise-kaTe Aste (paTAIpara baiThA hai); sthAlyAM pacati (baTaloI meM pakAtA hai)| (kha) baiSayika AdhAra (Location of object)-jisake sAtha Adheya kA bauddhika sambandha ho / jaisemokSe icchA'sti (mokSa meM icchA hai); prAtaHkAle paThati (subaha par3hatA hai)| (ga) abhivyApaka AvAra-(Location of pervasion)-jisake sAtha bhASeya kA vyApya-vyApaka (AdhAra ke sabhI avayavoM ko vyApta karake Adheya vastu kA rahanA) sambandha ho| jaise-sileSu talam [ tiloM meM tela hai ]; sarvasminnAsmAsti [ saba meM AtmA hai]| 46. saptamyadhikaraNe ca-adhikaraNa meM saptamI hotI hai [sUtra meM prayukta 'ca' kA artha 41veM sUtra meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise-pRthivyA krIDati ( jamIna para khelatA hai); bhAnau tApaH ( sUrya meM garmI hai); puSpe gandhaH (phUla meM gandha hai)| 50. nimittAkarmayoge [bA0]-karmayoga ( karma-sambandha ) meM nimitta [ phala ] se saptamI hotI hai; arthAt jisa phala kI prApti ke lie koI kriyA kI jAtI hai, vaha phala yadi usa kriyA ke karma se sambaddha (samaveta) ho to usa phala / (nimitta) meM saptamI hotI hai| jaise-carmaNi dvIpinaM hanti (camar3e ke lie hAthI

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aSTama adhyAya samAsa (Compound) 52] saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : kAraka aura vibhakti ko mAratA hai| yahA~ kalabhUta carma hanana kriyA ke karma (hAthI) ke sAtha sambaddha hai| ataH carma meM saptamI huI hai); dantayoH hanti kuJjaram (dAMta ke lie kuJjara hAthI ko mAtA hai); kezeSu camarI hanti (bAloM ke lie camarI mRga ko mAratA hai)| 51. yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam (yasya ca kriyayA kriyAlakSaNam )-- jisake bhAva (kriyA) se bhAva kA lakSaNa (kriyAntara kA dyotana) ho usase saptamI ho / yahA~ 'bhAva' kA artha hai-'kriyA' / bhAva zabda ke do bAra prayoga hone se paravartI bhAva kA artha hai-dvitIya kriyA (kriyaantr)| phalataH isa sUtra kA artha hogA-'jisakI kriyA se dUsarI kriyA kA patA calatA hai usase (prathama kriyA vAle se).saptamI ho|' isa prakAra ke vAkyoM meM eka kArya (kriyA) ke hone para dUsare kArya (kriyA) kA honA prakaTa hotA hai tathA pahale hone vAle kArya meM 'zata', 'zAna' athavA kta, ktavatu Adi pratyayoM se niSpanna zabda kA kriyA ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| pahale prArambha hone vAlI kriyA yadi kartRvAcya meM hotI hai to 'zatR' Adi kriyA ke sAtha kartA meM aura yadi karmavAcya meM hotI hai to 'zatR' Adi kriyA ke sAtha karma meM saptamI hotI hai / jaise-mayA kArya kRte saH AgataH (mere dvArA kArya kiye jAne para vaha AyA); goSu duhyamAnAsu bAlakAH gRhamagacchan (gAyoM ke duhe jAte samaya bAlaka para gaye); rAme vanaM gate dazarathaH mRtaH ( rAma ke bana jAne para dazaratha mRtyu ko prApta ho gaye) brAhmaNeSu adhIyAneSu saH gataH (brAhmaNoM ke adhyayana karate samaya paha gayA);sUrya azA gate goyA yarabhagacyan / 52. yatazca nirdhAraNam-jisase ( jisa samudAya se ) nirdhAraNa (eka deza kA pRthakkaraNa) ho usase ( samudAya se) SaSThI tathA saptamI ho; arthAt jaba kisI samudAya ( varga) se kisI vizeSatA (jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi) ke kAraNa nirdhAraNa (pRthakkaraNa ) kiyA jAtA hai to samudAyavAcaka zabda meM saptamI tathA SaSThI hotI hai| jaise-goSu gavAM vA kRSNA bahukSIrA (gAyoM meM kAlI gAya bahuta dUdha detI hai) chAtreSu chAtrANAM vA maitraH paTuH (chAtroM meM maMtra catura hai); gacchatsu gagchatA vA dhAvan zIghraH (calane vAloM meM daur3ane vAlA zIghra hotA hai); kaviSu kavInAM vA kAlidAsaH zreSThaH (kaviyoM meM kAlidAsa zreSTha hai ) / jaba do meM se kisI eka kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai to jisase nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai usameM 'paJcamI vibhakte' se paJcamI hotI hai-dhanAta vidyA garIyasI (dhana se vidyA gurutara hai)| samAsa ( sam + as + gha) zabda kA artha hai-'saMkSepa' (aneka subantoM kA eka pada bana jAnA); arthAta jaba do yA do se adhika zabdoM (subantoM) ko Apasa meM isa prakAra se jor3a diyA jAtA hai ki zabda kA AkAra choTA hone para bhI usake artha meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai, to use samAsa kahate haiN| samAsa zabda kI vyutpatti hai-'samasanam ekapadIbhavanaM (saMkSepaH) samAsaH' athavA 'samasyate ekatra kriyate aneka subantam iti smaasH'| samAsa hone para prAyaH pUrvavartI zabdoM kI vibhaktiyoM ko haTA (lopa) diyA jAtA hai| yadyapi pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA prayukta pasmaipadam, Atmanepadam, bhayaGkaraH, yudhiSThiraH, sarasijam, vAgarthAviva Adi kucha aluk samAsa prasiddha haiM jinameM pUrvapada kI vibhaktiyoM kA lopa nahIM huA hai parantu eka pada bananA rUpa samAsa kA prayojana yahA~ vartamAna hai / samAsa ke prayojana (phala) hai-(1) eka pada bana jAnA, (2) vibhakti kA lopa aura (3) eka pada banane se eka udAtta svara honA / vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra eka pada meM eka hI udAtta svara mAnA jAtA hai| ataH vibhakti kA lopa na hone para bhI eka pada bananA rUpa phala samAsa kA rahatA hI hai| jaba samasta pada ke zabdoM ko alaga-alaga karake (vibhakti ke sAtha ) darzAyA jAtA hai to use 'vigraha' kahate haiN| jaise-rAjJaH purussH-raajpurussH| yahA~ 'rAjapuruSaH' samasta pada hai aura 'rAjJaH puruSaH' usakA vigraha / samAsa meM Aye huye zabdoM kI pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA ke AdhAra para samAsa ke pramukha cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM-(1) avyayIbhAva (prAyaH pUrva-padArtha - avyaya pradhAna ), (2) tatpuruSa (prAyaH uttara padArtha pradhAna), (3) dvandra (prAya: bhaya padArtha pradhAna ) aura (4) bahabIhi (prAyaH anya padArtha prdhaan)|' jaba (1) lakSaNa meM prAyaH pada dene kA kAraNa hai ki tat tat samAsoM ke prakaraNa meM mAta aise bhI samasta pada Aye hue haiM jinameM ukta lakSaNa (pUrva padArtha pradhAna adhyayIAya hai, Adi lakSaNa) ghaTita nahIM hotA hai parantu unake usa samAsa ke prakaraNa meM hone mahI vaha samAsa mAnA jAtA hai| ataH pratyeka ke lakSaNa meM prAyaH pada diyA gayA |jaise-(k)'unmttaa gaGgA yatra saH% unmattagato nAma dezaH' (jahA~ gaGgA unmatta ..mA unmattagata nAmaka deza hai)| yaha pada avyayIbhAva ke prakaraNa meM hai parantu yahA~ Hacepon

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4] saMskRta-pravezikA [8 : samAsa 'karmadhAraya' aura 'dvigu' ko tatpuruSa se pRthak batalAyA jAtA hai to samAsa ke cha: bheda mAne jAte haiM samAsa avyayIbhAva(1) tatpuruSa dvandva (5) bahuvrIhi (6) vyadhikaraNa tatpuruSa (2) samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa (prathamA tatpuruSa) (dvitIyAdi tatpuruSa yA sAmAnya tatpuruSa) karmadhAraya (6) dvigu (4) (sAmAnya prathamA tatpuruSa yA vizeSaNa-vizeSya- (saMkhyA pUrva prathamA . bhAva tatpuruSa) tatpuruSa) avyayIbhAva samAsa (Adverbial or Indeclinable Compound) avyayIbhAva zabda kA artha--jo avyaya nahIM thA usakA avyaya bana jaanaa| isa samAsa meM prathama pada 'avyaya' hotA hai aura dUsarA pada 'saMjJA' / isameM prAyaH pUrva padArtha kA(avyaya kA) prAdhAnya hotA hai ataeva samAsa hone para samasta pada avyaya ho jAtA hai aura taba usakA rUpa nahIM badalatA aMtima pada kA AkAra mapuMsakaliGga ke deza rUpa anya-padArtha kA prAdhAnya hai / (kha) 'paJcAnAM tantrANAM samAhAraH' (pA~ca tantroM kA samAhAra) isa samAhAra artha vAle tatpuruSa meM samAhAra anya pada kA artha hai, uttarapada kA nhiiN| (ga) 'dvitrAH' (do yA tIna ) yaha ubhaya-padArtha pradhAna hone para bhI bahuvrIhi hai| (gha) saMjJA ca paribhASA -saMjJAparibhASam (saMzA aura paribhASA kA samUha) isa samAhAra dvandva meM samAhAra artha ke anya padArtha hone para bhI dvandra kahalAtA hai| 1. adholikhita dvayarthaka sUkti meM chahoM samAsoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM dvandvo'smi higurahaM gRhe ca me satatabhavyayIbhAvaH / tatpuruSa karmadhAraya yenAhaM syAM bahuvrIhiH / / arthaH-koI puruSa kisI se kAma karane ke lie kaha rahA hai-he puruSa ! maiM dvandva (pti-ptnii)huuN| dvigu (do gAyoM athavA bailoM vaalaa)huuN| mere ghara meM sadA avyayIbhAva (kharca nahIM ke barAbara) hai| tuma vaha kAma (karma) karo jisase maiM bahuvrIhi (bahuta dhAnya vAlA) ho jaauuN| adhyayIbhAva] 1. vyAkaraNa [85 ekavacana jaisA hotA hai| jaise-harI iti = adhihari (hari meM; yahA~ pUrva pada 'adhi' kA artha 'maiM' pradhAna hai), gaGgAyAH samIpam-upagaGgam (gaGgA ke samIpa ); kAmam anatikramyabhyathAkAmam (icchaanusaar)| avyayIbhAva samAsa banAte samaya smaraNIya niyama--- (1) yadi saMjJA zabda kA antima varNa dIrgha hotA hai to use 'hrasva kara diyA jAtA hai|ai, e, I> bho, o,U>u | A> ]-gaGgAyAH samIpe = upagaGgam ( upa + gaGgA); nadyAH samIpe - upanadi (upa + nadI); kavAH samIpe - upavadhu ( upa + vadhU); goH samIpe-upagu (upa+ go); mAyaH samIpe- upanu (upa +nii)| (2) ananta ( anu meM mAta hone vAlI) aura strI0 saMjJAoM kA'' nitya haTA diyA jAtA hai parantu ananta napuM0 saMjJAoM kA'na' vikalpa se haTAyA jAtA hai| jaise-rAjJaH samIpecaparAjam (upa+rAjan ); sImnaH samIpezaupasImam ( upa + sIman ); carmaNaH samIpe - upacarmam upacarma vA (upa + 'dhrmn)| (3) yadi avyayIbhAva samAsa ke anta meM jham (varga kA 1, 2, 3, 4) varNa AtA hai to vikalpa se samAsAnta 'a' (Tac ) pratyaya jur3atA hai| jaise-saritaH samIpe = upasaritam (upa+ sarit +a) upasarita vA / upasamidham upasamit vA ( samidhA ke smiip)| (4) zarad, vipAz, banas, manas, upAnaha, banaduha, diva, himavata, diza, dRz, viz, cetas, catura, tad, yad, kiyat aura jaras inameM 'a' (Tac) avazya jur3atA hai| jaise-rAyAH samIpam = upajarasam (bur3hApe ke nikaTa ); upazarayam (zaradaH samIpam = zarada ke samIpa ); adhirmanasam; upadizam / (5) nadI, paurNamAsI, AgrahAyaNI aura giri zabda ke anta meM Ane para vikalpa se 'a' (Tac) pratyaya jur3atA hai / jaise-upagiram upagiri vA; upanadam upanadi vaa| avyayIbhAva samAsa prAyaH nimna 16 arthoM meM hotA hai 1. vibhakti ( saptamI)-adhihari (adhi harau iti= hari ke viSaya meM); madhyAtmam (Atmani adhi- AtmA ke viSaya meM); adhigopam / 2. samIpaupagaGgam (gaGgAyAH samIpam = gaGgA ke pAsa); uparAjam (rAjJaH samIpam 3D rAjA ke pAsa); upakRSNam / 3. samRddhi sumadram (madrANAM samRddhiHmmada deza kI smRddhi)| 4. vyaddhi (vinAza, daridratA)-duryavanam (pavanAnAM pyUddhiH- yavanoM kA vinAza ) / 5. abhAva-nimakSikam (makSikANAm abhAvaH- makkhikoM kA bhabhAva); nirjanam / 6. atyaya (nAza, samApti)-atihimam (himasya atyayaH

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tatpuruSa ] 1. vyAkaraNa saMskRta-pravezikA [8 : samAsa -jAr3e kI smaapti)| 7. asamprati ( anaucitya) atinidram (nidrA samprati na yujyate - nidrA ke anupayukta kAla meM)1.zabdaprAdubhova (zabda kA prakAza)iti hari (harizabdasya prakAzamahari zabda kA uccaarnn)| 9. pazcAt -anuviSNu (viSNoH pazcAtR-viSNu ke pIche); anuratham / 10. yathAbhAva ( yogyatA, bImA, anatikrama) anurUpam (rUpasya yogyam-rUpa ke yogya ); pratyartham (argham artham pratibdhati artha ); yathAzakti (zaktimanatikramyazakti ke anusAra); pratigRham yayAkAmam / 11. AnupUrya (krama)-anujyeSTham (jyeSThasya AnupUNajyeSTha ke krama se)| 12. yogapadya (eka sAtha)-sacakram' (cakreNa yugapatnca kra ke ekadama saath)| 13. sAdRzya-sahari (hareH sAdRzyam -hari ke sadRza); sasa khi (sadRNaH sapA-sabi ke sdRsh)| 14. sampatti-sakSatram (kSatrANAM sampattiH= kSatriyoM kI smptti)| 15. sAkanya (sampUrNatA)-satRNam (tRNamapi aparityajya - saba kuch)| 16. anta (taka)-sAgni (agnigranthaparyantam - agnikANDa paryanta ); Asamudram / tatpuruSa samAsa (1) tatpuruSa samAsa meM uttarapada kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| isameM pUrvapada vizeSaNa kA kArya karatA hai aura uttarapada vizeSya kA / (2) isa samAsa meM liGga aura vacana uttarapada ke anusAra hote haiM / jaise-devasya mandiram = devamandiram ( bhagavAna kA mNdir)| (3) tatpuruSa zabda kA do prakAra se vigraha kiyA jAtA hai-(1) tasya puruSaH= tatpuruSaH (vyadhikaraNa); (2) saH puruSaH= tatpuruSaH (smaanaadhikrnn)| ataH tatpuruSa samAsa ke adhikaraNa (vibhakti) kI apekSA do pramukha bheda haiM(ka) vyadhikaraNa tatpuruSa-jisake donoM pada vibhinna vibhaktiyoM vAle hoM arthAt pUrvapada meM dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyAM aura uttarapada meM prathamA vibhakti ho (ba) samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa--jisake donoM pada samAna vibhakti (prathamA vibhakti) vAle hoN| (4) vyadhikaraNa tatpuruSa 'tatpuruSa' ke nAma se aura samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa 'karmadhAraNa' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| karmadhAraNa samAsa meM jaba pUrvapada saMkhyA vAcI hotA hai to use hI 'dvigu samAsa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| tatpuruSa (vyadhikaraNa tatpuruSa%Determinative Compound) isameM pUrvapada dvitIyA, tRtIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM vAlA hotA hai aura uttarapada prathamA vibhakti vAlA hotA hai| pUrvapada kI vibhakti ke bheda se yaha 6 prakAra kA hai 1. adhyayIbhAva samAsa meM kAla se bhinna artha meM 'sa' ko 'saha' ho jAtA hai / jaisesaha+pAsacakra, saha + harimsahari; saha+agni sAgniH saha + tRNam -satRNam / 1. dvitIyA tatpuruSa (dvitIyAnta + prathamAnta)-kRSNaM dhitaH- kRSNathitaH (kRSNa ke sahAre); AzAm atItaH= AzA'tItaH (AzA se adhika); zoka patitaH= zokapatitaH (zoka meM DUbA huA ); sukhaM prAptaH - sukhaprAptaH athavA prAptasukhaH (sukha-ko prApta huA; prApta aura Apanna zabdoM kA pahale bhI prayoga ho sakatA hai); zaraNaM prAptaH = zaraNaprAptaH athavA prAptazaraNaH (zaraNa meM AyA huA); duHkham atItaH- duHkhAtItaH (duHkha ke pAra gayA huA); kUpaM patita-kUpapatitaH (kue meM girA huA); grAmaM gataH= grAmagataH (gA~va ko gayA huA) kUpam atyastaH-kUpA'tyastaH (kue meM pheMkA huaa)| 2. tRtIyA tatpuruSa (tRtIyAnta + prathamAnta)-zaGkalayA khaNDaH = zalAkhaNDaH (sarautA se kiyA huA Tukar3A); hariNA trAtaH% haritrAtaH (hari se rakSA kiyA hA); nakhaiH bhinnaH = navabhinnaH (nakhoM se phAr3A huA); AcAreNa kuzalaH = AcArakuzalaH (AcAra se kuzala); kuTTanena zlakSNam % kUdranazlakSaNam (kaTane se cikanA); vAcA yuddham = vAgyuddham (vANI se yuddha); mAsena pUrvaH- mAsapUrvaH (eka mAha pUrva); vAcA kalahaH vAkkalahaH (vANI se kalaha); mAtrA sadRzaH = mAtRsadRzaH (mAtA ke smaan)| 3. catarthI tatpuruSa (catupyanta + prathamAnta )--gobhyo rakSitam = gorakSitam (gauoM ke lie rakhA huA); dhanAya lobhaH = dhanalobhaH (dhana ke lie lobha); yUpAya dAru % yUpadAru (yajJa-stambha ke lie lakar3I); kumbhAya mRttikA kumbhamRttikA (ghar3e ke lie miTTI); bhUtebhyo baliHbhUtabaliH (bhUtoM ke lie upahAra); chAtrAya hitam = chAtrahitam, (chAtra ke lie hitakara); dvijAya ayam = dvijArthaH sUpaH (brAhmaNa ke lie dAla; artha zabda ke sAtha nitya samAsa hogA aura samastapada kA liGga tathA vigraha meM 'idam' ke rUpa kA prayoga vizeSya ke anusAra hogA); dvijAya idam = dvijArtha payaH (brAhmaNa ke lie dUdha); dvijAya iyam = dvijArthA yavAgUH (brAhmaNa ke lie lpsii)| 4. paJcamI tatpuruSa (paJcamyanta + prathamAnta)-caurAd bhayam - caurabhayam (cora se Dara ); siMhAt bhItaH = siMhabhItaH (siMha se bhaya ); sad bhItiH = sarpabhItiH (sarpa se bhaya ); ayazasaH bhIH = ayazobhIH (nindA se Dara); stokAtmuktaH - stokAgmuktaH, (thor3e se mukta; stokAdi se pare paJcamI kA lopa nahIM hotA ); dUrAt mAgataH- dUrAdAgataH (dUra se AyA hubhA); vRkSAt patitaH vRkSapatitaH (vRkSA se girA humA); mArgAda bhraSTaH- mArgabhraSTaH (mArga se ptit)| 5. SaSThI tatpuruSa (SaSThayanta+prathamAnta )-rAjJaH puruSaH = rAjapuruSaH (rAjA' kA AdamI); devasya mandiram - devamandiram ( devatA kA mandira); lammA

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saMskRta-pravezikA [8 : samAsa karmadhAraya ] 1 : vyAkaraNa [86 pati: lakSmIpatiH (lakSmI kA svAmI); jagataH sraSTA jagatvaSTA ( jagat kI saSTi karane vAlA); viSNoH pUrmaviSNupuram (viSNu kI nagarI; 'pura' se samAsAnta 'a'); sakhyuH panthAH bhavipathaH (mitra kA mArga; 'pathin' se samAsAnta 'a')| 6. saptamI satpuruSa (saptamyanta + prathamAnta)-karmaNi kuzalaH karmakuzalaH (kAma karane meM pravINa); sabhAyAM paNDitaH sabhApaNDitaH (sabhA meM vidvAn); krIDAyAM papalakrIDApalaH (khelane meM paJcala); akSeSu zauNDa:-akSazoNDaH (pAse khelane meM catura); Atape zuSkaH-AtapazuSkaH (dhUpa meM suukhaa)| karmadhAraya (samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa = Appositional Compound ) samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa samAsa ko karmadhAraya samAsa kahate haiN| isameM donoM pada prathamA vibhakti meM hote hai| ataH ise prathamA tatpuruSa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyoM ke sAtha hone vAle tatpuruSa samAsa meM do padoM ke madhya meM koI kAraka kA sambandha (kriyA kA pradhya ke sAtha sambandha / jaise-caurAd bhayamancaurabhayam ) yA do dravyoM kA sambandha (jaise--rAjJaH puruSAmrAjapuruSaH) hotA hai parantu karmadhAraya (prathamA tatpuruSa) meM aisA sambandha nahIM hotA hai, apitu donoM para eka hI vastu ko kahate haiM (jaise--kRSNaH sarpaH - YSNasarpaH); ataeSa karmadhAraya samAsa kI kriyA samAsa ke donoM padoM ko dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| jaise--kRSNasarpaH apasarpati' isa vAkya meM sarpa jaba saMcalana kiyA karatA hai taba kRSNasya bhI usake sAtha rahatA hai; parantu 'rAzaH puruSaH apasapaMti' meM rAjA puruSa ke sAtha nahIM rahatA hai| mataeva prathamA tatpuruSa (samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa) ko karmadhAraya ke nAma se pRthaka batalAyA jAtA hai| karmadhAraya samAsa prAyaH tIna paristhitiyoM meM hotA hai (ka) prathama pada vitIya pada kA vizeSaNa ho aura dvitIya pada vizeSya saMjJA pada / (ba) donoM pada saMjJA hoN| (ga) donoM pada vizeSaNa hoM jo samaya par3ane para saMyukta hokara kisI tIsare pada ke vizeSaNa hoN| karmadhAraya samAsa ke pramukha tIna prakAra - (1) vizeSaNapUrvapada karmadhAraya, (2) upamita karmadhAraya ( isake do prakAra haiM-upamAnapUrvapada aura upamAnottarapada ) aura (3.) vizeSaNobhayapada karmadhAraya / (ka)vizeSaNapUrvapada karmadhAraya-(vizeSaNa + vizeSya)-isameM pUrvapada vizepaNa aura uttarapada vizeSya hotA hai (vizeSaNaM vizeSyeNa bahulam ) / donoM padoM maiMsamAna vibhakti tathA prAyaH samAna liGga aura vacana hote haiM / jaise-nIlam utpalam - nIlotpalam (nIlA kamala); kRSNaHsarpaH = muSNasarpaH (kAlA sApa); dIrgha nayanam - dIrghanayanam (vizAla netra); pItam ambaram = pItAmbaram (pIlA kapar3A); pItaH paTaH-pItapaTaH (pIlA kapar3A; isakA bahuvrIhi samAsa bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise-pItaH paTaH yasya saH = pItapaTaH = pIle kapar3e vAlA); mahAn rAjA athavA mahAn ca aso rAjA ca mahArAjaH (bar3A rAjA; yahA~ 'rAjan meM samAsAnta a = 'Tac' pratyaya jur3ane tathA mahat ko AkAra antAdeza hone se 'mahArAjaH' hogaa| isI prakAra-paramazca asI rAjA ca = paramarAjaH = zreSTha rAjA; mahat yazaH- mahAyazaH; mahatI nadI - mahAnadI; mahAvIra; mahAyuddham; mhaabhaartm)| (kha) upamita samAsa-isameM upameya-upamAna-bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| isake do prakAra haiM (1) upamAna pUrvapada 'karmadhAraya (upamAnAni sAmAnyavacana: - upamAna + sAdhAraNa dharma)-isameM pUrvapada upamAna (jisase upamA dI jAtI hai) hotA hai aura uttarapada sAdhAraNadharma (upameya aura upamAna meM rahane vAlA sAdhAraNa gunn)| jaise-samudra iva gambhIraH = samudragambhIraH (samudra ke samAna gambhIra; yahA~ samudra upamAna hai aura 'gAmbhIrya' sAmAnya guNa); pana iva zyAmaH ghanazyAmaH (megha ke samAna kAle varNa vAlA); mRga iva capalA = mRgacapalA (hiraNa ke samAna caJcala); vidyudiva pacalA = vidhuccaJcalA (bijalI ke samAna paJcala); candra iva AlAdaka:- candrAlAdakaH (candramA ke samAna aajhaadk)| (2) upamAnottarapada karmadhAraya (upamitaM vyAghrAdibhiH sAmAnyAprayoge - upameya+ upamAna)-isameM pUrvapada upameya (jisakI upamA dI jAtI hai) hotA hai aura uttarapada upamAna / isameM sAmAnya dharma kA prayoga nahIM rahatA hai| jaise-puruSo vyAghra iva = puruSavyAghraH (puruSa dhyAna ke samAna hai); mukhaM kamalam evama mukhakamalam (mukha kamala ke samAna hai); maraH siMha va narasiMhaH ( manuSya miha sadRza hai)| 'puruSavyAghraH Adi kA anya prakAra se bhI vigraha hotA hai / jaise-puruSa evaM vyAghraH - puruSavyAghraH (puruSa hI vyAghra hai); mukham eva kamalam % mukhakamala ( mukha hI kamala hai)| yahA~ upameya aura upamAna meM tAdAtmya (abheda) hone se rUpaka 'karmadhAraya' hogaa| vizeSa-upamAna pUrvapada ke vigraha meM 'iva' zabda donoM padoM ke madhya meM aura upamAnottarapada ke vigraha meM donoM padoM ke bAda meM AtA hai| (ga) vizeSaNobhayapada karmadhAraya (vizeSaNa + vizeSaNa)-do samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSaNoM ke samAsa ko vizeSaNobhayapada karmadhAraya samAsa kahate haiM (vigraha meM 'ca'

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dvanda.] 1. vyAkaraNa [61 saMskRta-pravezikA [8: samAsa rahane para bhI yaha dvandva nahIM hai kyoMki dvandva samAsa kevala saMjJA-padoM meM hotA hai| ataH isase antara hai)| jaise-kRSNazca zvetazca % kRSNazvetaH (kAlA. aura sapheda - azva); snAtazca anuliptazca % snAtAnuliptaH (snAna aura anulepa kiyA huA manuSya); caraJca acaraJca % carAcaram (sthAvara aura jaGgamam jagat ); kRtaJca akRtaJca = kRtAkRtam ( kiyA huA aura nahIM kiyA huA krn)| dvigu samAsa ( Numeral Compound) jaba karmadhAraya samAsa meM pUrvapada saMkhyA tathA uttarapada saMjJA ho to vahA~ dvigu samAsa hotA hai yadi vahA~ taddhitArtha (taddhita pratyaya kA artha ) athavA samAhAra (samUha) kA bodha ho (saMkhyApUrvI dviguH / taddhitArthottarapadasamAhAre c)|' yaha samAsa tIna paristhitiyoM meM hotA hai --1. yA to usake anantara koI taddhita pratyaya lagatA ho yA (2) vaha kisI anya zabda ke sAtha samAsa meM AyA ho yA (3) kisI samUha kA bodhaka ho / jaise (ka) taddhitArtha meM-paNNA mAtuNAm apatyaM pumAn - pANmAturaH (= kAtikeyaH -paS + mAtR+'a' taddhita pratyaya); dvayoH mAtroH apatyaM pumAn = dvaimAturaH (gaNezaH); dvAbhyAM gobhyAM krItaH = dviguH (do gAyoM se kharIdA gayA); paJcabhiH gobhiH krItaH = pnycguH| (ba) zabdAntara ke sAtha samAsa meM ( uttarapada dvigu)-isameM do samAsa hote haiN| jaise--paca gAvaH dhanaM yasya saH paJcagavadhanaH (dvigugarbha bahuvrIhi / yahA~ 'paJcagava' meM dvigu samAsa hai, parantu yaha tabhI saMbhava huA hai jaba yaha 'dhana' ke sAtha punaH samasta huA hai| yadi 'dhana' ke sAtha punaH samAsa meM na AtA to 'paJcagava' meM dvigu nahIM hotA ); dve ahni jAtasya = dvayajAtaH (dvigugarbha ttpuruss)| (ga) samAhAra meM samAhAra artha meM samasta pada napuMsakaliGga ekavacana meM rahatA hai| jaise-paJcAnAM pAtrANAM samAhAraH = paJcapAtram; trayANAM bhuvanAnAM samAhAra vibhuvanama; caturNA yugAnAM samAhAra:-caturyugam paJcAnAM gavAM samAhArApaca gavam (pA~ca gAyoM kA samudAya); trisRNAM rAtrINAM samAhAraH virAtram (tIna rAtoM kA samudAya; saMkhSA zabda ke pahale rahane para samAsa meM rAtri zabda napuMsakaliGga ho jAtA hai); trayANAM lokAnAM samAhAraH- trilokI (tIna lokoM kA samudAya; pAtra, bhuvana Adi ko chor3akara vaTa, loka, mUla Adi akArAnta zabdoM ke sAtha samastapada IkArAnta = strIliGga hotA hai); paJcAnAM malAnAM samAhAraH-paJcamUlI; zatAnAm abdAnAM samAhAraH = zatAbdI; paJcavaTI; aSTAdhyAyI; sptshtii| dvandva samAsa (Copulative Compound) jaba do yA do se adhika saMjJAyeM 'ca' zabda se jur3I hotI haiM to unameM dvandva samAsa hotA hai / isameM sabhI saMjJA padoM kA athavA unake samUha kA prAdhAnya hotA hai (cArthe dvandvaH / prAyeNobhayapadArthapradhAno dvandvaH) / vigraha karane para pratyeka pada ke sAtha 'ca' kA prayoga hotA hai / isake pramukha 3 prakAra haiM-(1) itaretarayoga dvandva, (2) samAhAra dvandva aura (3) ekazeSa dvandva / (1) itaretarayoga dvandU-jahA~ eka pada dUsare pada se isa prakAra juhA ho ki donoM eka dUsare se alaga-alaga pradhAna bhAva rakkheM / jaise-rAmaca lakSmaNazca-rAmalakSmaNI (rAma aura lakSmaNa); rAmazca bharatana lakSmaNazca zatrudhnacarAmabharatalakSmaNazatrunAH; kandaca mUlaca phalaJca - kandamUlaphalAni; kukkuTA mayUrI ca%D kukkuTamayUryo (murgA aura moranI); dadhi ca payazva dadhipayasI (dahI aura dUdha ); vAca manana vAGmanase ('manas' meM samAsAnta 'a' jur3ane se vaha aMkArAnta napusaMkalija bana gayA hai| ataH vAGmanase rUpa banA); gaGgAyamune; yudhiSThirabhImI; indraagnii| niyama-(1) jaba do padoM meM samAsa hogA to samAsAnta pada dvivacana meM hogA aura jaba tIna yA usase adhika padoM meM samAsa hogA to bahuvacana meM hogA / jaisezivakezavI, hariharaguravaH / (2) bAda vAle pada kA jo liGga rahatA hai vahI samastapada kA liGga rahatA hai| jaise--kandamUlaphalAni, kukkuttmyuuryo| (3) RkArAnta (vidyA yA yoni sambandha vAcaka) padoM ke rahane para antima pada ke ThIka pUrvavartI 'R' ko 'A' ho jAtA hai| jaise-mAtA ca pitA ca = mAtApitarI (mAtR + pitR); hotA ca potA ca udgAtA ca% hotRpotodgaataarH| (2) samAhAradvandva-jahA~ paraspara jur3I huI saMjJAoM meM samUha (samAhAra yA ikaTThapana) kA bhAva pramukha ho / ataH isameM samasta pada sarvadA napuMsakaliGga ekavacana meM rahatA hai| jaise--pANI ca pAdau ca pANipAdam (hAtha aura paira / yahA~ donoM ke samUha kA bhAva jJAta ho rahA hai ); AhArazca nidrA ca bhayaJca = AhAranidrAbhayam, dhanUMSi ca zarAzca = dhanuHzaram (dhanuSa aura baann)| nimna avasthAoM meM samAhAra dvandva samAsa hotA hai(ka) prANi, vAdya tathA senA ke aGgavAcaka zabdoM meM hastau ca pAdau - hastapAdama ( hAtha aura paira); merI ca paTahazca = bherIpaTaham (bherI aura 1. kevala saMkhyAvAcI zabda ke pUrvavartI hone para vigu' nahIM hotA hai / jaise-sapta, RSayaH = saptarSayaH (AkAzastha sAta taare)| yahA~ karmadhAraya samAsa hai kyoMki yahA~ na to taddhitArtha hai aura na smaahaar| kinhIM sAta RSiyoM ke lie iskaa| prayoga nahIM hai apitu khAsa saMzA kA bodhaka hai /

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- - bahudIhi ] 1. vyAkaraNa 62] saMskRta-pravezikA [8 : samAsa pItAmbaraH (kRssnn)| yahA~ bhI 'pIta' zabda 'ambara' kA vizeSaNa hai aura phira donoM milakara 'karuNa' ke vizeSaNa haiN| ata: bahuvrIhi ko anya padArtha pradhAna kahA jAtA nagAr3A); dantAna oSThau ca = dantoSTham (dAMta aura oSTha ): rathikAzva azvArohAna = rathikAzvAroham ( rathika aura ghur3asavAra); mArdaGgikaca vaiNavikazna = mArdaGgikarvaNavikam (mRdaGga bajAne vAlA aura vaMzI bajAne vAlA); pANipAdam; dhanuHzaram ) / (kha) jinakA janmasiddha vaira ho-mUSakaca mArjArazca = mUSasAmAjarim (cUhA aura billI); sarpazca nakulazca = sarpanakulam ( sAMpa aura nevlaa)| (ga) bhinna-bhinna liGga vAle nadI, deza aura nagara vAcaka zabdoM meM-gaGgA ca zoNanagaGgAzoNam / (gaGgA aura zoNa nadI); mathurA ca pATaliputrazca-mathurApATaliputram (mathurA aura paTanA ) / (gha) kSudra jIvoM ke nAma meM-yUkA ca likSA ca-yUkAlikSam (jue~ aura liikheN)| (ka) paraspara viruddha padArthoM meM (vikalpa se)-zItaJca uSNava-zItoSNam sItoSNe vA (ThaMDA aura garama); sukhaM ca duHkhaca sukhaduHkham sukhaduHkhe vA (sukha aura dukh)| (3) ekazeSa dvandva-jaba do yA adhika padoM meM se eka zeSa rahe, anya kA lopa ho jAye to ekazeSa dvandva samAsa hotA hai| isameM lupta pada kA bodha samastapada meM prayukta saMkhyA se hotA hai / yadi samasta hone vAle zabda puM0 aura strI0 donoM prakAra ke hote haiM to strIliGga vAle zabda kA lopa kara diyA jAtA hai / jaise-mAtA ca pitA ca - pitarau ('mAtApitarau' tathA 'mAtarapitarauM' ye do rUpa bhI banate haiM); putrazna duhitA ca-putro (putra aura lar3akI); bhrAtA ca svasA ca% bhAtarI (bhAI aura bahina); haMsI ca haMsazca = haMsI; zvazrUzca zvazurazna = zvazurau (sAsa aura zvasura; 'vadhUzvazuro' bhI hogA); sItA ca sItA ca = sIte; phalaza phalazca phalaJca = phalAni / bahuvrIhi samAsa (Attributive Compound) 2. bahuvrIhi samAsa kA vigraha ( padaccheda ) karate samaya yat' zabda ke kisI na kisI rUpa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai jisase samAsa meM Aye hue padoM kA sambandha kisI anya pada ke sAtha jJAta hotA hai| 3. pUrA samasta para cUMki vizeSaNa hotA hai ataH vaha apane vizeSya ke liGga, vacana Adi ke anusAra rakkhA jAtA hai| 4. samAnAdhikaraNa (samAna vibhaktika) aura bhyadhikaraNa (asamAna vibhaktika) ke bheda se bahavIhi samAsa do prakAra kA hai (ka) samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi samAsa (prathamAnta + prathamAnta)-isameM samasta hone vAle padoM kI vibhakti (adhikaraNa) eka jaisI (prathamA) hotI hai| vigraha meM prayukta 'ya' zabda kI dvitIyAdi vibhakti ke bheda se isake 6 bheda kie jAte haiM 1.dvitIyAniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi-prAptam udakaM yaM samprAptodakaH (grAmaH- aisA gA~va jahA~ pAnI pahu~ca cukA ho) prAptaM dhanaM yaM saH- prAptadhanaH (naraH); AruDho vAnaro yaM saH - ArutavAnaraH (vRkssH)| 2. tRtIyAniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi-jitAni indriyANi yena saH = jitendriyaH (puruSaH jisane indriyoM ko vaza meM kara liyA hai); dattaM cittaM yena saH madattacittaH (naraH); kRtaM kArya yena saH = kRtakAryaH (naraH); UH rayaH ye . sAUrathaH (anaDvAn = bail)| caturthIniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahatIhI-dattaM dhanaM yasmai saH- dattadhanaH (brAhmaNaH); upahRtaH pazuH yasmai saH = upahRtapazuH (madraH = jisake lie bali ke prayojana se pazu lAyA gayA ho)| 1. jisameM anya padArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai use bahuvrIhi samAsa kahate haiM (anekamanyapadArthe ); arthAt jaba samAsa meM Aye hue sabhI pada kisI anya padArtha ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kArya karate haiM to vahA~ bahuvrIhi samAsa hotA hai| bahuvrIhi zabda kA yaugika artha hai-bahuH bIhiH (dhAnyam) yasya asti sambanIhiH (jisake pAsa bahuta dhAgya ho, vaha vyakti vizeSa) / yahA~ 'bahu' zabda 'vrIhi' kA vizeSaNa hai aura phira donoM milakara kisI tIsare vyakti ke vizeSaNa haiN| pItam ambaraM yasya saH%3D 1. eka hI samAsa arthabheda hone para prakaraNa ke anusAra bahuvrIhi aura tatpuruSa donoM ho sakatA hai| jaise-pItam ambaraM yasya tat = pItAmbaram (pIle vastra vAlI pustaka Adi); pItam ambaram mItAmbaram (pIlA kapar3A); lokasya nAthaH = lokanAthaH (rAjA); lokAH (prajAH) nAthAH yasya saH = lokanAthaH (bhikhaarii)| 'lokanAtha' zabda kaise rAjA aura bhikhArI kA vAcaka hai isa sambandha meM bhikhArI kI ukti hai 'ahazca tvaca rAjendra ! lokanAthAbubhAvapi / bahuvrIhirahaM rAjan SaSThI tatpuruSo bhavAn / / '

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14] saMskRta-pravezikA. [8: samAsa bahuvacana 4. paJcamIniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahutrohi-uddhRtam odanaM yasyAH sA : uddhRtauvanA (sthAlI = aisI baTaloI jisase bhAta nikAla liyA gayA ho); nirgataM dhanaM yasmAt saH = nidhanaH (naraH); patitaM patraM yasmAt saH- patitapatraH (vRkssH)| 5. SaSThIniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi-pItam ambara (pItAni ambarANi , vA) yasya saH- pItAmbaraH (hariH); lambI kau~ yasya saH = lambakarNaH (gardabhaH); mahat yazaH yasya saH = mahAyazaH mahAyazaskaH vA; pUDhaM uro yasya saH myUDhoraskaH (caur3I chAtI vAlI); rUpavatI bhAryA yasya saH rUpavadbhAryaH (nara.); IzvaraH kartA yasya saH IzvarakartRkaH ( saMsAraH); mahat dhanaM yasya saH = mahAdhanA, kRSNaH sakhA yasya saH kRSNasakhaH / 6. saptamIniSTha samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi-vIrAH puruSAH yasmin saH = bIrapuruSaH vIrapuruSaka: vA (aisA gA~va jisameM vIra manuSya hoM); bahavaH daNDinaH yasyA sA = bahudaNDikA ( aisI nagarI jahA~ bahuta daNDadhArI hoN)| (kha) vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi (prathamAnta + SaSThacanta yA saptamyanta)-isameM samasta hone vAle padoM kI vibhaktiyA~ (adhikaraNa) bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| arthAt eka pada prathamA meM hotA hai aura dUsarA SaSThI yA saptamI meM hotA hai / jaise-cakra pANau yasya saH = cakrapANiH (viSNuH cakra hai hAtha meM jisake); candraH zekhare yasya saH candrazekharaH (zivaH); daNDaH pANau yasya saH daNDapANiH (hAtha meM daNDa hai jisake); pustaka haste yasya sampustakahastaH (chAtraH); candrasya kAntiH iva kAntiH yasya saH candrakAntiH (candramA kI kAnti ke samAna kAnti hai jisakI); vyAghrasya iva pAdau yasya saH vyAghrapAt (vyAdha ke samAna para haiM jisake) padma nAbhI yasya saH padmanAbhaH (viSNuH kamala hai nAbhi meM jiske)| am navama adhyAya zabdarUpa (Declension) saMskRta meM saMjJAdi zabdoM (prAtipadikoM) kA prayoga tabhI hotA hai jaba unameM su, au, jas Adi 'supa' pratyayoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai| tIna vacana aura sAta vibhaktipo hone se inakI saMkhyA 21 (347) hai| ina sup pratyayoM ke jur3ane se jo 'pada' (zabdarUpa) banate haiM. unheM subanta (sup + anta ) kahate haiN| ye pratyaya nimna 'prakAra haiM:vibhakti ekavacana dvivacana prathamA jas (maH) dvitIyA auTa (au) zas (aH) tRtIyA TA (A) bhyAm bhis (bhiH) caturthI bhyAm bhyas (bhyaH) paJcamI isi (a.) bhyAm bhyas (bhyaH) SaSThI is (aH) os (oH) Am saptamI ti (i) os (oH) sup (su) vizeSa-1. 'sambodhana' meM prathamA vibhakti ke hI pratyaya jur3ate haiN| 2. vyaJjanAnta saMjJA zabdoM meM ye sabhI pratyaya prAyaH isI rUpa meM jur3ate haiM, anyatra kucha parivartita hokara jur3ate haiN| svarAnta ( ajanta ) puM0 saMjJA zabda (1) akArAnta 'rAma" (rAma); (2) AkArAnta vizvapA (saMsAra kA rakSaka) rAmaH rAmau rAmAH pra0 vizvapAH vizvapo vizvapA 1. nimna zabdoM ke bhI rUpa rAma kI taraha caleMge(ka) nara (manuSya), bAla (cAlaka), upahAra (bheTa), vRka (bher3iyA), putra, ziSya, AcArya, ratha, gaja (hAthI); kara (hAtha ), sajjana, durjana, nRpa (rAjA), bhakta, azva (ghor3A), mayUra (mora), prazna, dharma, loka (saMsAra), anala (agni), anila (havA), sura (devatA), sUrya, candra, sarpa, mUSaka (cUhA), hasta (hAtha), bAlaka, meSa, dAsa, vRkSa, vivAha, vinoda, saMzaya, kUpa (kuA~ ), rajaka (dhovI ), Amra (Ama kA per3a ), ghara (ghar3A), kalaza (ghar3A), mAtula (mAmA), vAnara ( bandara ), pika ( koyala), khala (duSTa), janaka (pitA), kroza (kosa), prAza (vidvAn ), vaMza (kula), manuSya Adi /

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66] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa ajanta puM0] 1:vyAkaraNa [17 rAmam rAmI rAmAn dvi0 vizvapAma vizvapau vizvapaH rAmeNa rAmAbhyAm rAmaH tR. vizvapA vizvapAmpAm vizvapAbhiH rAmAya rAmAbhyAm rAmebhyaH ca vizvape vizvapAbhyAm vizvapAbhyaH rAmAt rAmAbhyAm rAmebhyaH paM0 vizvapaH vizvapAmAma vizvapApa: rAmasya rAmayoH rAmANAm pa0 vizvapaH vizvapoH vizvapAm rAmai rAmayoH rAmeSu sa0 vizvapi vizvapoH vizvapAsu he rAma! he rAmau! he rAmAH! saM0 he vizvapAH ! he vizvau! he vizvapAH! (3) ikAranta 'hari" (viSNu, bandara); (4)ikArAnta pati" (svAmI, dUlhA); hariH harI harayaH pra. patiH patI patayaH harim harI harIn dvi0 patim patI patIn / (kha) tAdRza (sA), mAdRza (mere jaisA), bhavAdRza (Apa jaisA), yAdRza (jaisA ), tvAdRza (tumhAre jaisA), etAdRza (aisA) [ye zaba akArAnta aura zakArAnta donoM hote haiM / zakArAnta hone para dekheM rUpa krmaa32]| (ga) pAda (paira), danta ( dAMta) [inako zas se supa taka kramazaH 'pada' aura 'dat' Adeza hote haiM jisase vahA~ vikalpa se do do rUpa baneMge-padaH, pAdAn; dataH, dantAn / (gha) nirjara ( deva ) [ ajAdi vibhaktiyoM meM 'jara' ko 'jaras' Adeza hone se vahA~ vikalpa se do-do rUpa baneMge-nirjarasaH, nirjarasya ] / 2. isI prakAra anya AkArAnta puM0 zabda-gopA (gvAlA), somapA (somarasa pIne vAlA), dhUmrapA (dhuA~ yA sigareTa Adi pIne vAlA), baladA (bala pradAna karane vAlA), zaGkhamA (zaMkha bajAne vAlA) Adi / [065 kA phUTanoTa] 1. isI prakAra anya ikArAnta puM0 zabda-muni, kavi, RSi, yati (saMyamI), vidhi (brahmA, bhAgya), nidhi (khajAnA), giri (parvata), kapi (bandara), jaladhi (samudra), ravi (sUrya), viraci (brahmA), agni, ari (zatru), asi (talavAra), atithi, razmi (kiraNa), samAdhi, vahni (Aga), udadhi (samudra), pANi (hAtha ), marIci (kiraNa), vyAdhi (roga), Adhi (roga), sArathi (gADIvAn), adri (parvata), maNi, bhUpati (rAjA), gRhapati (ghara kA svAmI), narapati (rAjA), surapati (devendra), lokapati, gajapati, vRhaspati, adhipati, pRthivIpati (rAjA) Adi / 2.(ka) 'pati' zabda jaba samAsa ke anta meM AtA hai to 'hari' kI taraha rUpa paleMge aura jaba akelA hotA hai to tRtIyA se saptamI ke ekavacana meM ansara hotA hai| 'pati zabda kA strIliGga 'patnI' hotA hai jisake rUpa nadI kI taraha cleNge| hariNA hAsyAm haribhiH tR. patyA patibhyAm patibhiH haraye haribhyAm haribhyaH pa0 patye patibhyAm patibhyaH . hareH . haribhyAm haribhyaH 60 patyuH patibhyAm patibhyaH hareH . hayoMH harINAm pa. patyuH patyoH patInAm harau yoH hariSu sa0 patyo . patyoH patiSu he hare! he harI! he harayaH ! saM0 he pate ! he patI! he patayaH ! (5) IkArAnta 'sudhI (vidvAn): (6) ukArAnta 'guru (zikSaka); sudhIH sudhiyo sudhiyaH pra. guruH gurU gurava sudhiyam suSiyau sudhiyaH dvi0 gurum gurU gurun sudhiyA sudhIbhyAm mudhIbhiH tR guruNA gurubhyAm gurubhiH sudhiye sudhIbhyAm sudhIbhyaH ca gurave gurubhyAm gurumbA sudhiyaH sudhIbhyAm sudhIbhyaH pa. guroH gurubhyAm gurubhyaH sudhiyaH suSiyoH sudhiyAm pa0 guroH gurvoH gurUNAm sudhiyi sudhiyoH sudhISu ! sa. gurau gurvoH guruSa he sudhIH! he sudhiyo ! he sudhiyaH saM0 he guro! he gurU! he guravaH ! (7) RkArAnta 'kala (karane vAlA); (6) RkArAnta 'pitR"(pitA): kartA kartArau kartAraH pra. pitA pitarau pitaraH (kha) 'sakhi' (mitra ) zabda ke rUpa-sakhA sakhAyau sakhAyaH / sakhAyam sakhAyau sakhIn / zeSa 'pati' kI taraha bneNge| 'sakhi' zabda kA strIliGga 'sakhI' hotA hai aura usake rUpa 'nadI' kI taraha bneNge| 1. isI prakAra-zuddhadhI, parabhadhI, suzrI Adi / 2. isI prakAra-sAdhu ( sajjana ), bhAnu (sUrya), Rtu, zizu, ripu (zatru ), zatra, vidhu ( candramA), pazu, prabhu ( samartha), viSNu, vAyu, kRzAnu (Age), kara (jaMghA), pAMzu (li), hetu (kAraNa), mRtyu, bAhu, manyu (krodha), asu (prANa ), sUnu (putra), ikSa (gannA), bandhu ( kuTumbI), iSu (tIra), taru (per3a), setu (pula), veNu (bAMsa), jantu, zambhu Adi / 3. isI prakAra-(ka) dAtR (dAtA), dhAtu ( racayitA), netR (netA), yoddha (yoddhA), jetR (vijetA), gopta ( rakSaka), vaktR (vaktA ), bhartR (pati), hotR (havana karane vAlA ), zrotR (zrotA), draSTra ( draSTA ), savitR (sUrya), gantR (jAne vAlA), pota (potA), rakSita ( rakSaka ) Adi / (kha) 'kartR' zabda ke strIliGga ke dvitIyA bahuvacana meM 'kata':' rUpa banegA, zeSa pu0 kI trh| 4. isI prakAra ka) bhrAtR (bhAI), jAmAta (jAmAtA), deva (devara), na

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[69 &] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa kartAram kartArI kartRn dvi. pitaram pitarau pitRn kaLa kartRbhmAm kartRbhiH tR. pitrA pitRbhyAm pitRbhiH katra kartRbhyaH . pitre " pitRbhyaH kartuH " paM0 pituH " " koMH kartRNAm pa0 , pitroH pitRNAm kartari . kartRSu saM0 pitari " pitRSu he kartaH ! he kartArau ! he kartAraH ! saM0 he pitaH ! he pitarau ! he pitaraH ! (6) okArAnta 'go' (baila / 'gAya' aura 'vANI' artha meM strIliGga); pra. gauH gAvogAvaH 50 goH gobhyAm gobhyaH dvi0 gAm" gAH gavo gavAm tR0 gavA gobhyAm gobhiH sa. gavi goSu / ma. gave gobhyaH saM he gauH! he gAyau ! he gAvaH ! . svarAnta (ajanta ) strIliGgaH saMjJA zabda (10) AkArAnta 'latA'2 (bala): (11) ikArAnta 'mati" (buddhi): latA late latAH pra. matiH matI matayaH latAm " dvi0 matima matIH latayA latAbhyAm latAbhiH tR0 matyA matibhyAm matibhiH / latAya " latAbhyaH ca matya, mataye , matibhyaH (manuSya / isake SaSThI bahuvacana meM do kapa baneMge-nRNAm nRnnaam)| (kha) 'mAtR' (mAtA) strIliGga ke dvitIyA bahuvacana meM 'mAtR' banatA hai, zeSa 'pitR' kI taraha baneMge / 1. isI prakAra bokArAnta strIliGga 'yo' (AkAza) ke bhI rUpa bneNge| 2. isI prakAra-ramA (lakSmI), sItA, mAlA, kanyA, vidyA, gaGgA, bAlA (strI), kathA,. chAyAlajjA, cintA, zaGkA, tRSNA, bhAzA, kAntA (strI), bhAryA (patnI), ajA (bakarI), abalA, durgA, zobhA, parIkSA, AzA, sandhyA, bhikSA, vArtA (khabara), jarA (bur3hApA), makSikA (makkhI), grIvA (gardana), lalanA (strI), kalA, rAdhA, nAsikA, nizA (rAtri), baDavA (ghor3I), sumitrA, gharA (pRthvI), sudhA (amRta), prArthanA, dayA, karuNA, kSamA, ambA (maataa| sambodhana meM-he amba! hogA).Adi / / ___3. isI prakAra -buddhi, mUrti, stuti, bhakti, zuddhi, jAti, ruci, rIti, kIrti vRSTi, dRSTi, zakti, smRti, zAnti, nIti, dhUli, paMkti, gati, zruti (veda), dhRti (dhairya), kAnti, sRSTi, bhUmi, AkRti, prIti, hAni, unnati, kRti, prakRti, vipatti, gIti, bhUti (aizvarya), rAtri Adi / ajanta puM0, strI0] 1. vyAkaraNa latAyAH latAbhyAm latAbhyaH paM. matyAH, mateH matibhyAm matibhyaH " . latayoH latAnAm .. . matyoH matInAm latAyAm " latAsu sa0 matyAm, matI " . matiSu he late ! he late ! he latAH! saM0 he mate! he matI! he matayaH ! (12) IkArAnta 'nadI" (nadI), (13) IkArAnta 'zrI' (lakSmI) nadI nadyo nadyaH pra.zrIH zriyo zriyaH nadIm " nadIH vi zriyam " madyA nadIbhyAm nadIbhiH 40 thiyA zrIbhyAm zrIbhiH nadya nadIbhyaH ca0 bhiya, zriye // zrIbhyaH nadyAH " " paM0 zriyAH, zriyaH // - nadyoH nadInAm Sa. " " zriyoH dhINAm, triyAm nadyAm nadISu sa0 zriyAm, zriyi". zrISu he nadi ! he nadyau! he nadyaH ! saM0 he zrIH! he zriyo ! he zriyaH ! (14) ukArAnta 'dhenu" (gAya): (15) akArAnta 'vadhU" (bahU ): dhenuH dhena dhenavaH pra vadhUH badhvI dhvaH ghenum " ghenaH dvi0 badhUm vadhUH dhenvA dhenubhyAm dhenubhiH tR0 vA vadhUbhyAm vadhUbhiH ghenca, dhenave " dhenubhyaH . badhva vadhUbhyaH 1. isI prakAra-nArI (strI), kumArI, gaurI, jananI, dAsI, patnI, nagarI, pRthvI, maitrI, putrI, rAjI, kAlI, sakhI, vANI, dhAtrI (dhAya), vallI (bela), vApI (bAvar3I), vIcI (lahara), mahiSI (paTarAnI), jAnakI, sAvitrI, pArvatI, naTI, kamalinI, nalinI, aTavI (jaMgala), kaumudI (cA~danI), devI, trilokI, biduSI, bhaginI (bahina ), draupadI, paMcavaTI, kAdambarI, gAyatrI, pahiNI, yuvatI aadi| 2. isI prakAra-bhI ( bhaya ), dhI (buddhi), hrI ( lajjA), suzrI Adi / 3. isI prakAra-reNu (dhUli----pu. bhI hai), tanu (zarIra), rajju ( rassI), nu (ThuDDI--pu0 bhI hai ) Adi / 4. isI-prakAra-camU (senA), zvaznU (sAsa), karkandhU (baira), camyU (gadya-padyamaya kAvya ), yavAgU (lapsI), jambU (jAmuna ) aadi|

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ajanta napuM0, halanta puM0] 1: vyAkaraNa [.101 (19) ikArAnta 'dadhi" (dahI): (20) ukArAnta 'bhakSu (zahada); dadhi dadhinI dadhIni pra. madhu madhunI madhUni 10.] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa dhenvAH,dhenoH dhenubhyAm dhenubhyaH. paM0 vadhvAH vadhUbhyAm vadhUbhyaH " . dhenvoH dhenUnAm pa0 voH badhUnAm dhenvAm, dhenau , dhenuSa sa. vadhvAm vadhUSu he dheno! he dhenU ! he dhenavaH! saM0 he vadhu ! he vadhvau ! he vadhvaH ! (16) RkArAnta svas' (bahina ) pra0 svasA svasArI svasAraH vizeSa-RkArAnta strI ke rUpa puke di0 svasAram " svasaH samAna hI calate haiM, dvitIyA bahuvacana meM zeSa puM0 'kahUM' kI trh| 'Rn' kI jagaha '' hotA hai / duhita . (lar3akI), yAtR ( devarAnI), nanAndR (nagada) ke rUpa 'mAtR' kI taraha haiN| ( dekheM-phuTanoTa 'pitR' zabda) svarAnta ( ajanta ) napuMsakaliGga saMjJA zabda (17) akArAnta 'jJAna" (jJAna) (18)ikArAnta 'pAri" (jala): zAnam jJAne jJAnAni pra. vAri vAriNI vArINi * jJAnam zAne jJAnAni dvi0 jJAnena 'zAnAbhyAm zAnaH tR. vAriNA vAribhyAm vAribhiH jJAnAya jJAnebhyaH . vAriNe " vArimpaH - paM0 vAriNaH // jJAnasya jJAnayoH jJAnAnAm pa0 " bAriNoH vArINAm zAne jJAneSu sa. vAriNi bAriSu he jJAna ! he jJAne! he jJAnAni ! saM0 he vAri, he vAre ! he vAriNI!he vArINi! dapnA dadhibhyAm dadhibhiH tR0 madhunA madhubhyAm madhubhiH daghne dadhibhyaH . madhune - madhubhyaH' danaH . . paM0 madhunaH . - danoH danAm pa0 " madhunoH madhUnAm dani, dadhani dadhiSu sa. madhuni " madhuSu / he daSi, he dadhe ! he dadhinI ! he dadhIni! saM he madhu, he madho ! he madhunI ! he madhUni! (21) RkArAnta 'ka' (karane vAlA): pra. kartR kartRNI kaNi paM0 kartRNaH, kartuH kartRbhyAm kartRbhyaH dvi0 " " " 0 " kartRNoH, koMH katRNAm tR kartRNA,karma kartRbhyAm kartRbhiH sa. kartRNi, kartari " " kartRSu ca0 kartRNe, kaH // kartRbhyaH saM0 he kartR, he kartaH ! he kartRNI! he katRNi ! vyakhAnAnta ( halanta ) puMliGga saMjJA zabda (22) jakArAnta 'Rtvij"(yajJa kartA): (23) sakArAnta 'bhUbhRt" (rAjA, pahA): Rtvik Rtvijo RtvijaH pra. bhUbhRt bhUbhUtI bhUbhRtaH . 1. dekhiye-pR0 100 phuTanoTa naM0 2 / 2. isI prakAra-ambu (jala), alAbu (laukI), azru, jAnu (ghuTanA), tAlu, pu, dAru (lakar3I), vasu (dhana), vastu, zmazru (mUMcha), jatu (lAkha), bahu (bahuta), mRdu, kaTu, laghu, paTu [ vizeSaNa vAcaka ukArAnta zabdoM ke caturthI se saptamI ke ekavacana meM tathA SaSThI aura saptamI ke dvivacana meM ukArAnta puM0 kI taraha bhI rUpa banane se vikalpa se do-do rUpa baneMge ] aadi| 3. isI prakAra-dhAtR ( rakSaka), netR (netA) Adi / 4. isI prakAra vaNij (baniyA ), bhUbhuj ( rAjA), bhiSaj (vaidya ), hutabhuj (agni) Adi puM0 zabdoM tathA laj (mAlA), karja (bala), ruj (roga) Adi akArAnta strI0 zabdoM ke bhI rUpa 'Rtvij' kI taraha cleNge| 5. isI prakAra-(ka) mahIbhUta ( rAjA, parvata), pApakara (pApI), vipazcita (vidvAn ), tanUmapAta (agni), harita (harA), karmakRt (karma karane vAlA), pANabhUta (candramA ), dinakRta (sUrya), marut (vAyu), duSkRta (pApa) parabhUta 1. isI prakAra phala, pustaka, jala,, mitra, zarIra, dhana, vastra, vana, netra, bhUSaNa, nagara, yantra, araNya ( jaMgala), gagana (AkAza), tRNa (pAsa), sukha, duHkha, mukha, puSpa, pApa, bhaya, gRha, anna, auSadha, chatra (chatarI), Amra ( Ama kA phala ), lavaNa (namaka), gava, padya, rUpa, yuddha, kusuma (phUla), nakSatra, kArya, bhAgya, kAvya, saunvarya, kalatra (strI), patra (pattA yA kAgaja), bIja, parNa (pattA), kamala, ansamAraNa, abja (kamala), anna (megha), amRta, Asana, udyAna, dhyAna, kuTumba, gIta, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, svAsthya, sopAna, vacana Adi / 2. dadhi (dahI), asthi (haDDI), akSi (kha), aura sakyi (jAMgha) ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI ikArAnta napuMsaka liGga ke rUpa vAri ke samAna calate haiN|

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halanta puM0] 1. vyAkaraNa suhRdA suhRdbhyAm suhRdbhiH tR. rAjJA suhRde " muhamyaH ca. rAze [103 rAjabhyAm rAjabhiH rAjayaH " 102] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa Rtvijam Rtvijau Rtvija dvi0 bhUbhatam bhUbhUtI bhUbhRtaH RtvijA RtvigbhyAm RrivagbhiH tR bhUbhRtA bhUbhRdbhyAm bhUbhRddhiH Rtvije " RtvigbhyaH ca0 bhUbhRte RtvijaH . . paM0 bhUbhUtaH " ____" RtvijoH RtvijJAm " bhUbhRto. bhUbhRtAm Rtviji RtvikSa sa0 bhUbhRti " bhUbhRtsu he Rtvik ! he Rtvio ! he RtvijaH ! saM0 he bhUbhRt ! he bhUbhRtau! he bhUbhRtaH ! (24) takArAnta 'bhagavat" (bhagavAn ): (25) sakArAnta ('zat pratyayAnta) 'dhAvat (daur3atA huA): bhagavAna bhagavantI bhagavantaH pra. dhAvan dhAvanto dhAvantaH bhagavantam " bhagavataH dvi. dhAvantam " dhAvataH he bhagavan / he bhagavantI! he bhagavantaH ! saM0 he dhAvan ! he dhAvanto ! he dhAvantaH! vizeSa-donoM ke rUpa zeSa vibhaktiyoM meM 'bhUbhRta' kI taraha cleNge| (26)dakArAnta 'sudU" (mitra): (27) nakArAnta (ananta) 'rAjana' (rAjA): suhata-d suhRdI suhRdaH pra. rAjA rAjAnI rAjAnaH suhRdam dvi0 rAjAnam .. rAjJaH (koyala), vizvacit (saMsAra-viSayI, yajJa vizeSa) Adi / (kha) sarita (nadI), zut (chIMka ), pRta (senA), yoSit (strI), vidyut (bijalI), taDita (bijalI), bAdi takArAnta strI0 zabdoM ke bhI rUpa 'bhUbhat' ke samAna cleNge| 1. isI prakAra--(ka) dhImat ( buddhimAn ), buddhimat , zrImat (bhAgyavAn ), AyuSmat (dIrghAyu), vidyAvat, malavada, dhanuSmada (dhanurdhArI), dhanabat, guNavat, rUpavat, lajjAvat (lajjAvAn), gatavat (gayA huA), uktavat ( kathita ), jitavat (vijita ), yAvat (jitanA ), etAvat (itanA ), kiyat (kitanA), iyat (itanA), bhavat (Apa) bhAdi 'bhatupa' (mat yA vat) aura ktavatu ( tayat) pratyayAnta zabda / (kha) mahat ( mahAna mahAntau mahAntaH / mahAntam mahAntI mhtH)| - 2. isI prakAra-(ka) bhavat (hotA huA), kurvat (karane vAlA), paThana (par3hane vAlA, par3hatA huA) Adi 'zatR aura 'syatR' pratyayAnta zabda / (kha) dadat (puM0 dadat dadatI dadataH / yavatam dadatau vadataH / strI0 dadat dadatI vadanti, dadati / ) 3. isI prakAra-(ka) brahmavida (brahmajJa), tamonud (andhakAra haTAne vAlA, sUrya), vedavid (veda kA jJAtA), dharma vid, udbhid (taru, latA), nirApad (Apad-zUnya ), .. gotrabhida (indra), sabhAsad, nacalchi (nAkhUna kATane vAlA), marmabhid (rahasya " suhRdoH suhRdAmba 0 // rAzoH rAjJAma suhRdi " suhRtsu sa0 rAzi,rAjani - rAjasu he suhRta-da he suhRdau! he suhRdaH ! saM0 he rAjan ! he rAjAnau !he rAjAnaH! (28) ananta 'Atman" (apanA, AtmA): (29) ananta 'yuvan' (yuvaka) . AtmA AtmAnau AtmAnaH pra0 yuvA yuvAnau yuvAnaH AtmAnam " AtmanaH dvi0 yuvAnam " yUnaH '. AtmanA yAtmamyAm AtmabhiH tR -yUnA yuvabhyAm yuvabhiH / Atmane " bhAtmabhyaH 0 yUne .. 'yuvambaH AtmanaH // " paM. vUna AtmanoH AtmanAm pa0 - yUnoH yUnAm Atmani Atmasu sa0 yUni , yuvasu he Atman ! he AtmAnau ! he AtmAnaH ! saM0 he yuvan ! he yuvAnI ! he yuvAnaH ! (30) innanta 'karin (hAthI): (31) innanta 'pathin' (patha): karI kariNau kariNaH pra. panthAH panthAnau panthAnaH kariNam " " dvi panthAnam " pathaH kariNA karibhyAm karibhiH ta. pathA pathibhyAm pathibhiH bhedana karanevAlA) Adi puM0 zabda (kha) zarad (patajhar3a Rtu), Apad (Apatti), vipad (vipatti ), sampad (dhana), saMsad (sabhA), pariSad (sabhA), dRzad (patthara ), kakuda (coTI), pratipada (par3avA tithi.), mRda (miTTI), saMvida (zAna ), upaniSad (vedAnta) bAdi dakArAnta strI0 zabdoM ke bhI rUpa 'sahada' kI taraha cleNge| 1. isI prakAra-azman (patthara), yajvana ( yAgakartA ), brahman (vidhAtA), dvijanman (brAhmaNa), adhvan (mArga) Adi / 2. isI prakAra-hastin (hAthI), guNin (guNI), manchin (mantrI), zazin (candramA), aGgina (sIMga vAlA), pakSina (pakSI), banin (dhanI), vAjin (por3A), tapasvin, alin (balavAn ), sukhin (sukhI), ekAkina (akelA), satyavAdina, svAmin mAnin , zarIrina, dehina, prANina, sahavAsin, sagvin (mAlAdhArI), manasvin', yazasvin , medhAvin , mAlina (mAlI), shaanin|' manohArin, adhin ( yAcaka ), vAjina (gor3A), AtmaghAtina, sAmina (premI),

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vAce - 104] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa kariNe karibhyAm karibhyaH ca0 pathe pathibhyAm pathibhyaH kariNaH // paM0 pathaH " " " kariNoH kariNAm pa0 pathoH pathAm kariNi ka riSa sa. pathi " pathiSu he karin ! he kariNI ! he kariNaH ! saM0 he panthAH ! he panthAnI ! he panthAnaH ! (32) zakArAnta 'tAhaz" (vaisA) (33) sakArAnta 'vidvas (vidvAn): tAdRk- tAdRzI tAdRzaH pra. vidvAn vidvAMsI vidvAMsaH tAdRzam - vi0 vidvAMsam " viduSaH tAdRzA tAdRrabhyAm . tAdRgbhiH tR' viduSA - vidvadbhyAm vidvadbhiH tAdRze . tAdRgbhyaH ca. viduSe vibhyaH tAdRzaH . . paM0 viduSaH , " tAdRzoH tAdRzAm pa0 " viduSoH viduSAm tAzi " tAdRla sa0 viduSi , vidvatsu he tAdRk-A ! he tAdRzo! he tAdRzaH ! saM0 he vidvan ! he vidvAMsau ! he vidvAMsaH ! vyazcanAnta (halanta ) strIliGga saMjhA zabda (34) cakArAnta 'vAcU" (35) 'apa' (jala) (36) rakArAnta 'gira (vANI): (nitya bahuvacanAnta): vAk-g vAco vAcaH pra0 ApaH pra0 mIH girau giraH kuTumbin, kuzalin ( sukhI), kezarin (siMha), yin (kharIdane vAlA), gRhin (gRhastha ), cakravartin (samrAT ), tapasvin, dUradazin, deSin, rogin, vAgmin (zIghra bolane vAlA), vAdina (vAdI), viTapin (vRkSa), vairin (zatru), zAkhin (vRkSa), zikhin (mayUra), sAkSin (sAkSI) Adi / 1. isI prakAra (ka) mAdRz (mare samAna), bhavAdaza (Apake samAna), tvAdaza bAdi puM0 zabda / (kha) 'diza, dRga (netra) Adi zakArAnta strIliGga zabdoM ke bhI rUpa isI prakAra bneNge| 2. "vidvas' kA strI0 'viduSI hotA hai aura usake rUpa 'nadI' kI taraha bnii| 3. prAyaH isake rUpa dhyAnAnta puM0 saMjJA zabdoM ke tulya hote haiN| 4. isI prakAra-(ka) tvac (camar3A, chAla), ruc (camaka), zuc (zoka), Rc (badamantra) Adi strIliGga shbd| (kha) jalamuca (megha), vArimuca (meSa), payomutra (megha), satyavAn (satyavAdI) Adi cakArAnta puM0 zabdoM ke bhI rUpa vAca kI taraha cleNge| 5. isI prakAra-pura (nagara) aura dhura (dhurI) strI0 zabdoM ke rUpa bneNge| halanta strI0, napuM0] 1:vyAkaraNa [105 vAcam vAcI vAcaH dvi. apaH vi. giram girI giraH vAcA vAgbhyAm vAgbhiH tR0 adbhiH tu0 girA gIbhyAm gIbhiH " vAgbhyaH 10 adbhyaH pa0 gire gIbhyaH vAcA " " paM0 paM.giraH " " vAco vAcAm pa0 apAm p0|| giroH girAm bAci - bAra sa0 apsu sa0 giri - gIrSa he vAk-ga ! he vAco ! he vAcaH! saM0 he ApaH ! saM0 he gIH ! he girI ! he giraH! (37) vakArAnta 'diva' (AkAza, svarga): (38) sakArAnta 'Azis" (AzIrvAda): dyauH divo divaH pra. AzIH AziSau bAziSaH divam dvi0 AziSam " " divA yubhyAm dhubhiH tR. AziSA mAzIAm AzIbhi dive " yubhyaH 0 AziSe . bAzIbhyaH divaH " " paM0 AziSaH " " " divoH divAm pa0 AziSoH bhAziSAm divi Su sa0 AziSi bAzISu, mAzIHSu he dyauH ! he divI ! he divaH! saM. he AzIH ! he AziSau ! he mAziSaH! vyaJjanAnta ( halanta ) napuMsakaliGga saMjJA zabda (39) takArAnta 'jagat (vizva): (40) nakArAnta 'nAman (nAma): jagat jagatI jaganti pra0, dvi0 nAma nAmnI, nAmanI nAmAni jagatA jagadbhyAm jagadbhiH tR nAmnA nAmabhyAm nAmabhiH jagate jagadbhyAm jagadbhyaH ca. nAmne " nAmabhyaH jagataH // // paM. nAmnaH . (vANI) 1. isI prakAra-strIliGga acis (lo) zabda ke bhI rUpa bhaneMge parantu 'Azis' ke rUpoM meM jahA~ dIrgha 'I' hai vahA~ 'acis' ke rUpoM meM hrasva '' hI rhegaa| 2.tRtIyA se lekara Age ke sabhI rUpa 'bhUbhRt' ke tulya haiN| 3. isI prakAra-preman (prema), dAman (nak , rassI), vyoman (AkAza), sAman (sAmaveda kA mantra ), dhAman (camaka, makAna), loman (roma), veman (karSA) aadi|

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saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa jagataH jagatoH jagatAm pa0 nAmnaH nAmnoH nAmnAm jagati " jagatsu sa0 nAmni, nAmani , nAmasu hai jagat 1 he jagatI! he jaganti ! saM0 he nAma,nAman ! he nAmnI, he nAmAni ! nAmanI! (41) nakArAnta 'karman" (karma): (42) nakArAnta 'ahan' (dina): karma karmaNI karmANi pra0, dvi0 ahaH ahnI, ahanI ahAni karmaNA, karmabhyAm karmabhiH tR0 ahnA ahobhyAm ahobhiH karmaNe karmabhyaH ca. " ahobhyaH karmaNaH paM0 ala " karmaNoH karmaNAm .. ahoH alAm karmaNi karmasu sa0 ahni, ahani " ahAsu, ahassu * he karma,karman / he karmaNI ! he karmANi ! saM0 he ahaH ! he ahrI, he ahanI ! he ahAni ! - (43) sakArAnta 'manasU (mana): (44) sakArAnta 'dhanus" (dhanuSa): manaH manasI manAMsi pra0, dvi0 dhanuH dhanuSI dhaSi 1. isI prakAra-carman (camar3A), chamana (chala, veSa), janman (janma), varman ( kavaca ), varman ( mArga ), zaman (sukha), vezman (ghara), brahman (brahma), janman (janma), parvan (jor3a), marman (marmasthAna), bhasman (rAkha), narman (haMsI majAka, parihAsa), parvan (tyohAra, gAMTha), lakSman (cihna, dAga), sadman (mahala) Adi bhan' bhAgAnta ('an' kA 'a' m-saMyukta yA ra-saMyukta varNa meM milita rahatA hai) napuM0 zabdoM ke rUpa bneNge| 2.asarvanAmasthAna halAdi vibhaktiyoM meM 'mahan' ko ahaH (na>ra) ho jAtA hai| 3. isI prakAra-payas (jala, dUdha), ambhas (jala), nabhas (AkAza), Agas (doSa, pApa), tapas (tapa), yazas (yaza), rajas (dhUli ), tamas (andhakAra), avas (rakSA), vakSas, uras ( vakSasthala), cetas (citta), vAsas / (vastra ), ziras (mastaka), enas (pApa), varcas (teja), tejas (teja, prakAza ), vayas (Ayu), vacas (vacana), taras (vega), ayas (lohA), saras (sAlAba), aukas (ghara), ojas (prakAza), chandas (chanda), rakSas (rAkSasa), rahas (rahasya) roSasa (nadI kA taTa, bA~dha), preyas (priya), sadas (sabhA, saMsada) Adi 'as' bhAgAnta napuM0 zabdoM ke rUpa bneNge| 4. isI prakAra-Ayus (Ayu), vapus (zarIra), cakSus (A~kha) jyotis (prakAza), havis (hari), sarpis (pI). yajus (yajurveda ) dhaadi| halanta napuM0, sarvanAma] 1: vyAkaraNa manasA manobhyAm manobhiH tR dhanuSA dhanubhyAm dhanubhiH manase " manobhyaH ca. dhanuSe dhanuAm dhanuryaH manasaH paM0 dhanuSaH dhanuAm dhanuryaH manasoH manasAmba 0 dhanuSaH dhanuSoH dhanuSAm manasi " manaHsu-ssu sa0 dhanuSi " dhanuHSu, dhanuSSu hai manaH ! he manasI! he manAMsi ! saM0 he dhanuH ! he dhanuSI ! he dhaSi ! sarvanAma zabda ( Pronouns) (puruSa vAcaka sarvanAma = Personal Pronouns) (45) 'asmadu' (maiM=First Person) : (46) yuSmad (tuma-Second Person) : aham AvAm vayam pra0 tvam yuvAm yUyam mAm [mA]., [nau] asmAna[naH] vi0 svAma[tvA] " [vAM] yuSmAn [va] mayA ___AvAbhyAm asmAbhiH tR tvayA yuvAbhyAm yuSmAbhiH mahyam [ma], [nau] asmabhyam[naH] ca tubhyam[te]" [va] yuSmabhyama [vaH] mava " asmattva ta yuSmata mama mi] AvayoH [nau] asmAkam [naH] pa0 tava [te] yuvayoH [vA] yuSmAkam [va] mayi asmAsu sa tvayi " yuSmAsu vizeSa-'asmad' aura 'yuSmad' zabda ke rUpa tInoM liGgoM meM eka samAna hote haiN| (47) 'tad' (vaha = He=Third Person) puM0 (48) 'tadu' (vaha = She) strI. sAtau te pra0 sA te tAH tam tAn vi0 tAmA tena tAbhyAm tai tR0 tayA tAbhyAm tAbhiH tasmai " tebhyaH ca tasyai " tAbhyaH tasmAt paM0 tasyAH tasya tayoH teSAm . 0 " tayoH tAsAm tasmin " teSu sa9 tasyAm // tAsu (46) 'tad' (vaha = It ) napuM0-- tad, tat te tAni pra0, dvi0 zeSa puM0 kI taraha / 'us' bhAmAmta napuM0 zabdoM ke rUpa baneMge / ina zabdoM ko kahIM-kahIM 'SakArAnta' bhI likhA jAtA hai|

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sarvanAma] 1: vyAkaraNa [106 108] saMskRta-pravezikA [ zabdarUpa (50) 'bhavata' (Apa-You=) puM0 (51) 'bhavat' (Apa) strI bhavAn bhavantI avantaH pra. bhavatI bhavatyau bhavatyaH bhavantambha vataH dvi0 bhavatIm // bhavaMtIH bhavatA bhavadbhyAm bhavadbhiH tu bhavatyA bhavatIbhyAm bhavatIbhiH bhavate . bhavadbhyaH ca bhavatyaM bhavatIbhyaH bhavataH paM. bhavatyAH " bhavatI bhavatAm pa0 bhavatyoH bhavatInAm bhavati " bhavassu sa. bhavatyAm bhavatISu / he bhavan ! he bhvntii| he bhavantaH! saM0 he bhvti| he bhavatyo / he bhavatyaH ! (52) bhavat' (Apa) napuM0bhavan bhavatI bhavanti pra0, dvi0 zeSa puM0 kI taraha / (vastunirdezaka yA nizcayavAcaka sarvanAm = Demonstrative Pronouns ) (53) 'etad" (yaha)puM0 ('tad' kI taraha) (54) 'etad' (yaha) strI0 ('tad' kI taraha) eSaH eto ete pra0 eSA ete' etAH etam enam etI, emI etAn,enAn dvi0 etAm, enAm ete, ene etAH, enaa| etema, enena etAbhyAm etaiH tR0 etayA, enayA etAbhyAm etAbhiH etasmai etebhyaH ca etasyai " etAbhyaH etasmAt " " paM0 etasyAH " etasya etayoH, enayoH eteSAm pa0 - etayoH,enayoH etAsAm etasmin " " eteSu sa0 etasyAm " " etAsu (55) 'etad' (yaha ) napuM0 ('tad' kI taraha )etat da ete etAni pra. zeSa puM0 kI taraha / etat-da, enava-d ete, ene etAni, enAni dvi. (56) 'idam (yaha - This) 0 (57) 'idam (yaha) strI0 ayam imo ime pra0 iyam ime imAH imam,enam imI enI imAn,enAn vi0 imAma,enAm ime, ene imAH, enA: anena, enena AbhyAm ebhiH tR0 banayA, enayA AbhyAm AbhiH asma " ebhyaH ca0 asya . AbhyaH / 1-2 'etad' aura 'idam' zabdoM ke vaikalpika rUpoM kA prayoga kisI ke bAre meM eka bAra kucha kaha lene ke bAda punaH usake bAre meM kahane para (anvaadesh-dvirukti)| hotA hai| jaise-ayaM vedamadhItavAn / enaM darzanam adhyApaya / pahA asmAt AbhyAm ebhyaH 60 asyAH AbhyAm AbhyaHasya anayoH,enayoH eSAm pa0 , anayoH,enayoH AsAm asmin , " eSu sa. asyAm , Asu (58) 'idam' (yaha) napuM0idam ime imAni pra0, vizeSa puM0 kI taraha / (59) 'adas' (vaha = That) puM0 (60) 'adas' (kha) strIaso amU amIpra0 aso amU amU: anum amUn dvi0 amum " " amunA abhUbhyAma amIbhiH tR amuyA amUbhyAm amUbhiH amuSmai " amIbhya: ca amuSya " amUbhyaH amuSmAt-" paM. amuSyAH amuSya amuyoH amISAm " amuyoH amUSAm amuSmin " amISu sa. amuSyAm " amUSu (61) 'adas' (vaha) napuM0avaH amU amUni pra., dvi0 zeSa puM0 kI taraha / (sambandhavAcaka sarvanAma - Relative Pronouns) . (62) 'yad' (jo = Who) jo--- (63) 'yad' (jo = Who) strI--- yA ye yAH yamyAn dvi0 yAm yena yAmbAm yaH tR0 yayA yAbhyAm yAbhiH yasmai . yebhyaH ca yasya yAbhyaH yasmAta- " " paM. yasyAH yasya yayoH yeSAm pa0 yayoH yAsAm yasmin // yeSu sa. yasyAm " yAsu (64) 'yadU' jo = which ) napuM0yat- ye yAni pra0, di0 zeSa puM0 kI taraha / (praznavAcaka sarvanAma = Interrogative Pronouns ) (65) 'kim' (kauna = who, which, what) pu. (66) 'kim' (kauna) strI0 kA ko ke pra kAra ke kAH

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[111 sarvanAma, saMkhyA ] 1: vyAkaraNa sarveNa sarvAbhyAm sarvaH sarvasmai " sarvabhyaH ca sarvasmAt " " paM0 sarvasya sarvayoH sarveSAm pa. sarvasmin " sarveSu sa0 (70) 'sarva' (saba) napuM0sarvam sarve sarvANi pra0, dvi0 sarvayA sarvasyai sarvasyAH .. sarvasyAm sarvAbhyAm sarvAbhiH sarvAbhyaH . sarvayoH sarvAsAm // sarvAsu zeSa puM0 kI trh| saMkhyAvAcaka zabda ( Cardinals )' 110] saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa kam ko kAn dvi. kAm ke kAH kena kAbhyAm kaH tR0 kayA kAbhyAm kAbhiH kasma kemyaH kasyai kAbhyaH kasmAt-" " paM0 kasyAH kasya kayoH keSAma kayoH kAsAm kasmin " keSu sa0 kasyAm " kAsu (67) 'kim' (kauna) napuM0kim ke kAni pra0, dvi0 zeSa puM0 kI taraha / (sarva vAcaka sarvanAma-vizeSaNa=Pronominal Adjective) (68) 'sarva2 (saba = All ) puM0- (66) 'sarva' (saba) strI0 sarvaH savauM sarve pra0 sarvA sarvesarvAH sarvam sarvAn dvi0 sarvAm " " 1.sarvanAmoM ke kucha anya prakAra--(1) nijavAz2aka sarvanAma ( Reflexive Pronoun)--sva (svayam) Adi / (2) anizcayavAcaka sarvanAma ( Indefinite Pronoun )--'kim' zabda meM cit, cana, api, aura svit jor3akara anizcayavAcaka sarvanAma saba liGgoM aura saba vibhaktiyoM meM banate haiN| jaise-kaH + cit = kazcit, kaucit, kecit / ka: + api-ko'pi, kAvapi, ke'pi / kaH + cana-kazcana, kaucana, kecana / kA+citkAcita / kim + cit kiJcit / kasmin + cit kasmizcit / (3) anyonyasambandhavAcaka sarvanAma ( Reciprocal Pronoun)-anyonya, itaretara, paraspara mAdi / (4) sambandhavAcaka sarvanAma-vizeSaNa (Possessive Pronoun) ye tad Adi zabdoM meM 'Iya' (cha) jor3akara banate haiN| jaise-tadIya, madIya, asmadIya Adi / 2. (ka) anya (dUsarA), sama (saba), anyatara (do meM se koI eka), itara (dUsarA), katama (bahutoM meM se kauna), ekatama (bahutoM meM se eka), vizva, ekatara, 'pUrva (pahalA, pUrva dizA), avara (pIche, pazcima), dakSiNa, uttara (pichalA, uttara dizA, bar3A), avara (dUsarA, ghaTiyA), adhara (nicalA, paTiyA), para (dUsarA), antara, sva ( apanA) Adi prAyaH sabhI sarvanAma zabdoM ke rUpa sarva zabda kI hI taraha calate haiN| (kha) kati, ubha aura ubhaya zabdoM ke rUpa-'kati' (kitane) zabda ke rUpa nitya bahuvacanAnta aura tInoM liGgoM meM eka se hote haiN| jaise-kati, kati, (71) 'eka' (eka) ['sarva' zabdavat] (72) 'dvi' (do) (73) 'tri' (tIna) puM0 strI0 na0 puM0 strI0,napuM0 puM0 strI0 napuM0 pra0 ekaH ekA ekam dvau trayaH tisraH trINi dvi0 ekam ekAm " " trI , katibhiH, katibhyaH, katibhyaH, katInAm, katiSu / 'ubha' (donoM) zabda ke rUpa nitya dvivacanAnta hote haiM / jaise-pu. meM kramazaH rUpa hoMge--ubhau, ubhau, ubhAbhyAm, ubhAbhyAm , ubhAbhyAm, ubhayoH, ubhyoH| strI0 evaM napu' ke prathamA-dvitIyA meM 'ubhe rUpa baneMge; zeSa puM0 kI taraha / 'ubhaya' (ubha + ayac ) zabda ke rUpa ekavacana aura bahuvacana meM hote haiN| jaise-pu. meM 'tada' zabda kI taraha (ubhayaH, ubhaye / ubhayam ubhyaan)| strI0 meM 'nadI' kI taraha (ubhayI, ubhyyH)| nae meM pra0 vi0 ke 'ubhayam , ubhayAni' rUpa hoMge, zeSa puM0 kI trh| 1. (ka) saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM meM 'eka' zabda ke ekavacana meM 'dvi' zabda ke dvivacana meM aura 'tri' se lekara 'aSTAdaza' taka ke zabdoM ke rUpa kevala bahuvacana meM calate haiN| (kha) saMkhyAvAcI eka zabda kA prayoga nimna 7 arthoM meM hotA haieko'lpArtho pradhAne ca prathame kevale tathA / sAdhAraNe samAne'pi saMkhyAyAca prayujyate / ' noTa-saMkhyAtirikti 'alpa' Adi arthoM meM 'eka' zabda kA prayoga hone para usake dvi0 aura bahuvacana ke bhI rUpa baneMge / jaise-ekAni phalAni /

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saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa saMkhyA ] 1: vyAkaraNa [113 tR0 ekena ekayA ekena dvAbhyAma dvAbhyAm tribhiH tibhiH tribhiH ca0 ekasmai ekasyai ekasmai " " tribhyaH tisRbhyaH tribhyaH paM0 ekasmAt ekasyAH ekasmAt " . . " pa0 ekasya // ekasya dvayoH dvayoH trayANAm tisRNAm trayANAm sa0 ekasmin ekasyAm ekasmin . triSu tisRSu triSu (74-77) catur (cAra) paJcam (pAMca) SaSu (cha) saptan (sAta) (ga) ekonaviMzati (19) se sahana (1000) taka ke sabhI rUpa yadyapi eka vacanAnta hote haiM parantu ve bahuvacanAnta vizeSyoM ke sAtha prayukta hote haiN| jaise - viMzatiH chAtrAH zataM striyH| niyata-saMkhyA ke parimANa ke lie dvivacana aura bahuvacana meM bhI prayukta hote haiN| jaise-viMzatayaH bAhmaNAnAm, he zate strINAm / (ba) eka, dvi, tri aura catur zabdoM ke rUpa tInoM liGgoM meM bhinna-bhinna calate haiN| 'paJcana' se 'ekonaviMzati' (19) taka ke rUpa tInoM liGgoM meM samAna hote haiN| 'viMzati' (20) se 'navanavati' (66) taka ke sabhI zabda strIliGgaka haiN| 'pAtam' Adi napu' haiN| jaise-viMzatiH bAlakAH phalAni bAlikAH vaa| () 'koTi' zabda strIliGgaka hai / 'mahApadama' aura 'jaladhi' zabda pu0 haiN| (ca) 'eka' se 'aSTAdaza' paryanta saMkhyAvAcI zabda vizeSaNa ( saMdhyeya) ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM parantu aSTAdaza se bAda ke saMkhyAvAcI zabda vizeSya (saMkhyA) ke bhI rUpa meM prayukta hote haiN| jaise-ekaH chAtraH ('chAtrasya ekaH' nahIM homaa)| viMzatiH chAtrAH chAtrANAM vizatiH vaa| (cha) kramavAcaka (pUraNArthaka-Ordinal) zabdoM ke rUpa saMkhyAoM kI taraha calate haiN| prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya zabdoM ke caturSoM se saptamI taka ekavacana meM . sarvanAma saMbandhI rUpa bhI banate haiM / jaise-dvitIyasmai, dvitiiysyaaH| (ja) saMkhyAvAcI eka, dvi, Adi zabdoM se bane hue pUraNArthaka (prathamaH, dvitIyaH Adi) zabda nimna prakAra hoMme puM0 strI0 na0 eka- prathamaH prathamA prathamam viMzati- vizaH, vizatitamaH (agrimaH, AdimaH) ekaviMzati-ekaviMzaH, ekaviMzatitamaH dvi- dvitIyaH dvitIyA dvitIyam triMzat - triMzaH, trizattama: ni- tRtIyaH tRtIyA tRtIyam catvAriMzat-zatvAriMzaH, catvAriMzattamaH catura- caturthaH caturSI caturtham paJcAzat- paJcAzaH, paJcAzattamaH (turIyaH, turyaH) SaSTi SaSTitamaH pazcan- paJcamaH paJcamI paJcamam saptati- saptatitamaH SaS - paSThaH SaSThI SaSTham azIti- azItitamaH sapta - saptamaH saptamI saptamam navati- navatitamaH' aSTa - aSTamaH aSTamI aSTamam zata zatatamaH / navana- navamaH navamI navamam dvizata - dvizatatamaH dazan- dazamaH dazamI dazamam sahasratamaH (sa) eka se parArdha taka saMkhyA nimna prakAra hai puM0 strI0 napuM0 pra. catvAraH / catasraH . catvAri paJca SaT sapta vi0 caturaH taH catubhiH catasRbhiH catubhiH paJcabhiH SaDabhiH saptabhiH ca0 catubhyaH catasRbhyaH catubhyaH paJcabhyaH SaDbhyaH saptabhyaH paM0 pa. caturNAm catasRNAm caturNAm paJcAnAm 'baSNAm saptAmAm sa. catuSu catasRSu caturSa paJcasu SaTsu saptasu (75-82) aSTana (ATha) navana (nau) dazana (dasa) viMzati (bIsa) triMzat (tIsa) pra0 aSTa, aSTau nava daza viMzatiH triMzat dvi0 // vizatim triMzatam 1 eka 2 dvi 3 tri 4 catura 5 paJcan 6 varSa 7 saptan 8 aSTan navan 10 dazan 11 ekAdazan 12 dvAdazan 13 trayodazan 14 caturdazan 15 paJcadazan 16 SoDazan 17 saptadazan 18 aSTAdazan 16 navadazan ekonaviMzati / UnaviMzati ekAtravizati 20 vizati 21 ekaviMzati 22 dvAviMzati 23 trayoviMzati 24 caturvizati / 25 paJcaviMzati 26 SaDviMzati 27 saptaviMzati 28 aSTAviMzati 26 navaviMzati ekonatriMzat / natrizata ekAnnatriMzat 30 triMzat 31 ekatriMzat

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saMskRta-pravezikA [6: zabdarUpa aSTabhiH,aSTAbhiH navabhiH dazabhiH aSTabhyaH,aSTAbhyaH navamyaH dazabhyaH saMkhyA ] pa. sa0 1: vyAkaraNa [ 115 aSTAnAm navAnAm dazAnAm vizatyAH vizateH triMzataH aSTasu, bhaSTAsu nabasu dazasu vizatyAma, viMzatI triMzati 1000 sahasra (napuM0) ___karor3a-koTi (strI0) nIla-zaGka. (puM0) 10000 ayuta (na0) dasa karor3a-arbuda (na0) dasanIla-jaladhi (puM0) 100000 lakSa (na0) araba-abja (na0) padma-antya (na0) lakSA (strI0) dasa araba-kharva (puM0na0) dasa padma- madhya (na0) dasa lAkha-prayuta (na0) kharaba-nikharva (puM0 na0) zaha-parAdha (na0) 32 dvAtriMzata 56 SaTpaJcAzat 33 trayastrizat 57 saptapaJcAzat 34 catustrizat 58 aSTA-paJcAzat 35 paJcatriMzat aSTapaJcAzat 36 SatriMzat 59navapaJcAzat 37 saptatriMzat ekonaSaSTi UnaSaSTi 38 aSTAtriMzat ekAtraSaSTi 36 navatriMzat ekonacatvAriMzat / 60 SaSTi UnacatvAriMzat / 61 ekaSaSTi ekAnnacatvAriMzat 62 dvA(di) SaSTi / 40 catvAriMzat 63 trayaH(triSaSTi 41 ekacatvAriMzat 64 catuSSaSTi 42 dvA(dvi)catvAriMzat 65 paJcaSaSTi / 43 trayaz (vi)catvArizat 66 SaTSaSTi 44 catuzcatvAriMzat 67 saptaSaSTi 45 paJcacatvAriMzat 46 SaTcatvAriMzat 68 aSTA (aSTa)paSTi 47 saptacatvAriMzat 66 navaSaSTi 48 aSTA-catvAriMzat ekonasaptati Unasaptati aSTacatvAriMzat ekAtrasaptati 46 navacatvAriMzata 70 saptati ekonapazcAzat janapaJcAzat 71 ekasaptati ekAnapaJcAzat 72 dvA(dvi)saptati 50 paJcAza 73 ayas(tri) saptati 51 ekapaJcAzan 74 catussaptati 52 dvAM (dvi)paJcAzat 75 paJcasaptati 53 trayaH(tripaJcAzat 76 SaTsaptati 54 catuHpaJcAzat / 77 saptasaptati 55 paJcapaJcAzat 78 aSTA (aSTa) saptati vizatyA triMzatA vizatya, vizataye triMzate vizatyAH, viMzateH triMzataH 76 navasaptati ekonAzIti UnAzIti ekannAzIti 80 azIti 81 ekAzIti 82 dvayazIti 53 tryazIti 84 caturazIti 85 paJcAzIti 86 SaDazIti 87 saptAzIti 88 aSTAzIti 86 navAzIti ekonanavati Unanavati ekAnanavati navati 61 ekanavati 12 dvA(dvi)navati 63 trayo(tri)navati 64 caturnavati 65 paJcanayati 66 SaNNabati 67 saptanavati 18 aSTA (aSTa) navati 66 navanavati ekonazata (napuM0) 100 zata 200 dvizata

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dhAtuparicaya ] 1: vyAkaraNa [117 dvitva 2. adAdi (zap kA lopa)x han+ti = hanti 3. juhotyAdi / dA+ti - dadAti 4. divAdi ya (zyan) guNAbhAva nut + ya+ti = nRtyati 5. svAdi nu' (znu). ci+nu+ti = cinoti 6. tudAdi a (za) spRz +a+ti = spRzati 7. rudhAdi na (panam) bhu(na)j + ti= dhunakti 8. tanAdi u kR+u+ti = karoti 6. kramAdi nA' (nA) guNAbhAva krI+nA+ti - krINAti 10. curAdi a (zap] guNa cori +ma+ti = corayati vikaraNa kI dRSTi se gaNa-vibhAjana akArAnta vikaraNavAle binA vikaraNavAle akArAnta-bhinna vikaraNavAle . dazama adhyAya dhAtu rUpa' (Conjugation of Verbs ) (1) gaNa (Class)-saMskRta meM sabhI dhAtuoM ( Roots) ko 10 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jinheM gaNa (samUha) ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| dhAturUpoM meM hone vAlI prakriyA kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para dhAtuoM ko gaNoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| gaNoM kA nAmakaraNa una gaNoM ke prArambha meM AI huI prathama dhAtu ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / jaise-1. svAdi (bhu), 2. adAdi (ad), 3. juhotyAdi (hu), 4. divAdi (di), 5. svAdi (pun), 6. tudAdi (tud), 7. dhAdi ( rudhir ), 8. tavAdi (tanu), 6. RyAdi (dukIJ) aura 10. curAdi (cr)| prathama gaNa, dvitIya gaNa Adi ke rUpa meM bhI ina gaNoM kA kramazaH vyavahAra hotA hai| (2) vikaraNa ( Peculiar Modification)-gaNa-bheda batalAne vAle pratyayoM ko vikaraNa kahate haiN| ye vikaraNa dhAtu aura usameM jur3ane vAle 'ti' pratyayoM ke madhya meM jur3ate haiM / gaNoM meM jur3ane vAle vikaraNa isa prakAra haiMgaNa-nAma vikaraNa kArya (dhAtu para prabhAva) udAharaNa 1. vAdi a (zap) .guNa bhU + a + ti = bhavati 1. dhAtu-bhU, kR Adi kriyAvAcaka zabdoM ko dhAtu kahate haiM / inase "tiG' pratyaya hone para 'bhavati', 'pharoti' Adi kriyAyeM (tiGanta ) banatI haiM tathA 'kR' pratyaya jur3ane para 'bhAvakAH', 'kArakaH' Adi saMjJAyeM (kRdanta ) banatI haiN| kucha vaiyAkaraNoM kA kahanA hai ki saMjJA Adi samasta zabda-bhaNDAra dhAtuoM se pratyaya jur3akara banA hai| ataH isa dRSTi se dhAtu zabda kA artha hai-'zabda-yoni' (zabdoM kI utpatti kA mUla srot)| dhAtuyeM do taraha kI haiM--(1) mUla-dhAtuyeM (Primitive Roots) aura (2) sanAdyanta Adi mizra dhAtuyeM ( Derivative Roots) / mUla dhAtue~ karIba 2 hajAra haiN| 2. gaNoM ke nAma kramazaH yAda rakhane ke lie nimna padya smaraNIya hai bhavAdyadAdijuhotyAdi-divAdisvAdayastathA / tudAdizca rudhAdizca tanAdikrayAdireva ca / curAdizceti ghAtUnAM gaNA daza samIritAH / 3. ye vikaraNa kevala sArvadhAtuka lakAroM ( laT, loT, laG aura vidhiliG) meM hI jur3ate haiN| bhvAdi divAdi tudAdi rudhAdi curAdi adAdi juhotyAdi svAdi tanAdi dhAdi (3) lakAra ( Tenses and Moods)-vibhinna kAloM (Tenses) tathA bhAjJA, nimantraNa Adi vividha artha-vizeSoM ( Moods ) ko prakaTa karane ke lie saMskRta meM 10 lakAroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaiselakAra vartamAna kAla ( Present Tense) 2. lar3a anadyatana bhUtakAla (Imperfect) 3. liTa parokSa bhUtakAla ( Perfect) sAmAnya bhUtakAla (Aorist) kArya 1. laT 1. parasmaipada meM laT, loT, laG ke ekavacana meM 'no' hotA hai| 2. parasmaipada meM laTa, loT, lar3ake ekavacana meM 'o' hotA hai| 3. 'nA' ko bhI kabhI-kabhI 'nI' athavA 'n' ho jAtA hai| 4. 'car' dhAtu se 'Nic ( ama) pratyaya karane para 'cori' dhAtu banatI hai| curAdi gaNIya sabhI dhAtuoM meM aisA hotA hai| isake bAda dhAtu se vikaraMNa hogA tathA 'bhvAdigaNa' kI taraha sajjanya prabhAva hogii| 5. yaha vibhAjana rUpoM kI samatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| 6. gyArahavA~ 'leT' lakAra ( Subjunctive Mood ) hai| isakA prayoga veda meM milatA hai|

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ghAtu paricaya ] 1 : vyAkaraNa [116 11] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa [anadyatana bhaviSyatkAla ( Periphrastic or Ist Future) 6. luT (sAmAnya bhaviSyatkAla (IInd Future) 7. loTa AjJA, AzIrvAda Adi ( Imperative) 8. vidhiliG vidhi, nimantraNa Adi (Optative or Potential) 6. AzIliG AzIrvAda ( Benedictive) (farfagfer Conditional) vizeSa prArambha ke 6 lakAra 'kAla' ke aura zeSa 'arthavizeSa' ke bodhaka haiN| 10. laG vikaraNa ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se lakAroM kA vibhAjana sArvadhAtuka (vikaraNa-yukta) (Conjugational or Special) ArdhadhAtuka (vikaraNa-vihIna) (Non-Conjugational or General) laT loT laG vidhiliG luT luT liT luG AzIliG lucha vizeSa-sArvadhAtuka sakAroM meM kucha dhAtuoM ke mUla rUpa ekadama badala jAte haiN| jaise---- gam > gAcha / pA > pib / prA>jin / sthA> tiSTha dRz > pazya / sR> dhau (dhAvati ) / sad > sId (siidti)| (4) tispratyaya-dhAtuoM meM jur3ane vAle aura lakAroM ke sthAna meM hone vAle "tiG' pratyaya 18 haiN| ye parasmaipada aura bhAtmanepada ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM'parasmaipada' ke pratyaya 'Atmanepada' ke pratyaya ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana tip tas jhi pra0 pu0 ta AtAmsa sip yas tha ma0 pu0 yAs mAthAm dhvam mip vas mas u0 pu0 iT bahi mahiG vizeSa-dhAtuoM meM jur3ane vAle ina tiG' pratyayoM ke AdhAra se dhAtuoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai'--1. parasmaipadI dhAtue~ (jaise-bhU, gam, paTh aadi| inake rUpa kevala parasmaipada ke hote haiM), 2. AtmanepadI dhAtue~ (jaise-vRdha, labha, seva, vrata Adi / inake rUpa kevala Atmanepada ke hote haiM ) aura 3. ubhayapadI dhAtue~ (jaise-nI, dA, kath / inake rUpa donoM padoM vAle hote haiN)| (5) lakAroM meM 'ti' pratyayoM ke parivartita rUpa parasmaipada laT lakAra gaNa ( 1, 4, 6,10) gaNa (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9) eka0 dvi0 bahu ati ataH anti pra0 pu0 ti taH anti (ati) 1. dhAtuoM ke vibhAjana ke do anya prakAra-(1) sakarmaka dhAtae~ aura akarmaka dhaatueN| jisa dhAtu kA phala tathA vyApAra alaga-alaga adhikaraNa meM rahe use sakarmaka ( karma-sahita) dhAtu kahate haiM aura jisakA phala tathA vyApAra eka hI adhikaraNa meM rahe use akarmaka (karma-rahita) dhAtu kahate haiM / 'phalavyadhikaraNavAcakatvam sakarmakatvam / phalasamAnAdhikaraNabyApAravAcakatvam akarmakatvam jaise-rAmaH grAmaM gacchati / yahA~ gamanarUpa vyApAra 'rAma' meM hai aura usakA phala 'prAma-saMyoga' (grAma) meM hai| parantu 'sItA hasati' meM 'hasanA' rUpa vyApAra aura usakA phala donoM eka hI adhikaraNa 'sItA' meM haiN| ataH 'gacchati' kriyA 'sakarmaka' huI aura 'hasati', kriyA 'akarmaka' / lajAnA, rahanA, ThaharanA, jAganA, bar3hanA, ghaTanA, DaranA, jInA, maranA, sonA, khelanA, cAhanA, aura camakanA ina arthoM vAlI dhAtuyeM akarmaka hotI haiM ( dekhie, pR070, tti01)| kabhI-kabhI akarmaka dhAtue~ bhI sakarmaka ho jAtI haiM aura sakarmaka dhAtuyeM bhI akarmaka ho jAtI haiN| (2) seT , aniT aura veTa-luT, luTu, aura luG lakAroM meM dhAtu aura pratyaya ke madhya meM 'i' (i) ke jur3ane aura na jur3ane ke AdhAra se dhAtuoM ke ye tIna bheda haiM / seT (iT-sahita / jaise-gam + + syati = gamiSyati / bhaviSyati, gamitA, bhavitA Adi ); aniT (iTrahita / jaise-dA+syati % dAsyati / ji+syati = jeSyati) aura veTa (vaikalpika iT / jaise--gup + syati = gopAyiSyati, gopiSyati, gopsyti)| 1. saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM 'parasmaipada' kA artha hai-'vaha pada jo dUsare ke lie ho' arthAt kriyA kA phala paragAmI ( kartA se bhinna ke lie) ho| jaise--saH pacati = vaha dUsaroM ke lie pakAtA hai / 'Atmanepada' kA artha hai-vaha pada jo apane lie ho' arthAta kriyA kA phala kAma karane vAle kartA ko hI prApta ho (kartRgAmI) / jaise-saH pacate- vaha apane lie pakAtA hai| parantu vyavahAra meM aisA bheda dikhalAI nahIM par3atA hai| Ajakala sugamatA kI dRSTi se prAyaH sarvatra parasmaipadI dhAtuoM kA hI prayoga adhika pracalita hai|

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120] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa ___asi athaH atha ma0 pu0 si yaH pa Ami AvaH AmaH u0 pu0 mi vaH maH / ___ lal lakAra ( dhAtu ke pahale 'a' jur3egA) / atuatAm an pra0pu0 ta tAm an a .nyatam bata ma0pu0 tam ta Ava Ama0 pu0 amba ma lRT lakAra ('seT' meM 'i' jur3egA) ()syati (ha) syataH (i) syanti pra0 pu0 (i)syati (i)syataH (ka)syanti (5) syasi (i) syathaH () spatha ma0 pu0 (i)syasi (3)syathA (i)syatha ()syAmi (i) sthAvaH (i) syAmaH u0 pu0 (3)syAmi (i)syAvaH (4) syAmaH loT lakAra atu, atAta atAm antu pra. pu0 tu tAm antu bha, tAt. matam ata ma pu0 hi tamta Ani Ava Ama u0pU0 Ani Ava Ama vidhiliG lakAra ena . etAm eSuH pra0 pu0 yAt yAtAm yuH e. etam eta ma0pu0 yAH yAtam yAta eyam eva ema u0 pu0 yAm yAva yAma Atmanepada laT lakAra ante pra0 pu0 te Ate ate - ethe avai ma.pu. se mAthe ve e bAvahe bhAmahe u0 pu. e vaha mahe lA lakAra (dhAtu se pahale 'a' jur3egA) ____ anta pra0 pu0 ta AtAm ata athAH eSAm adhvam ma0pu0 thAH AyAm dhvam Avahi Amahi u00 i vahi mahi laT lakAra ('seT' meM 'i' jur3egA) (i)syate (1)syete (1)syante pra0 pu. (i)syate ()syete (3)syante bhvAdi-bhU, paTh ] 1: vyAkaraNa [121 (i)svase (i)syethe (i) syadhve ma0 pu0 (i)syase (i)syethe (i)syadhve (i)sye (i)syAvahe (i)syAmahe u0 pu. (i)sye (i)syAvahe (i)syAmahe loT lakAra atAm etAm antAm pra0 pu tAm AtAm atAm ethAm adhvam ma0 pu0 sva AthAmdhva m ai Avahai Amahai u0pu0 ai mAvahai Amahai vidhilika lakAra eta etAm eran pra pu0 Ita I yAtAm Iran ethA:- eyAthAm dhvam ma0pu0 IthAH IyAthAm Idhvam eya evahi / emahi u0 pu0 Iyara Ivahi- Imahi (1) bhvAdi gaNa' bhU' (honA) 50, aka0, seT laT paTh' (par3hanA) 50, saka0, seT bhavati bhavataH bhavanti pra0pU0 paThati paThataH paThanti bhavasi bhavathaH bhavatha ma0pu0 paThasi paThayaH paThaya . bhavAmi bhavAvaH bhavAmaH u0pU0 paThAmi paThAvaH paThAmaH 1. isa gaNa meM 1035 dhAtayeM haiM jo Adhe se bhI adhika haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM hai-(1) bAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'ma' (zapa) vikaraNa jur3atA hai| (2) dhAtu ke aMtima svara (i, I, u, U, R, ka) ko tathA upadhA ke svara ko guNa (e, o, ar ) hotA hai / (3) 'e' ko 'ay' aura 'o' ko 'a' Adeza hotA hai| 2. 'bhU' aura 'paTh' dhAtuoM ke avaziSTa lakAroM ke rUpa lida babhUva babhUvitha babhUva babhUvataH babhUvathuH babhUvidha . babhUvuH babhUva babhUvima pra0 papATha peThatuH peThuH ma0 reThiya peTyuH peTha u0 papATha, papaTha peThiva peThima lurU pra0 apAThIt apAThiSTAm apAThiSuH ma0 apAThIH apAThiyam apAThiSTa u0 apAThiSam apAThiSva apAThiSma abhUt abhUH abhUvam abhUtAm abhUtam abhUba abhUvan abhUta abhUma

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- 122] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa bhvAdi-gam, cal] 1 : vyAkaraNa / [123 gam' (jAnA) pa0, sak0, aniT cala' (calanA, hilanA) pa0, saka0, seTa ('gam' ko 'gaccha' sArvadhAtuka meM) gacchati gacchataH gacchanti pra gacchasi gacchathaH gacchatha ma gacchAmi gacchAvaH gacchAmaH u calati lalataH calanti calasi calathaH calatha calAmi calAvaH calAmaH lA abhavat abhavatAm / abhavan pra0 pu0 apaThat apaThatAm apaThana abhavaH abhavatam abhavata ma0pU0 apaThaH apaThatam apaThata abhavat abhavAva abhavAma u0 pu0 apaTham apaThAva apaThAma luT bhaviSyati bhaviSyataH bhaviSyanti pra0 pU0 paThiSyati paThiSyataH paThiSyanti bhaviSyasi bhaviSyathaH bhaviSyatha ma0 e0 paThiSyasi paThiSyathaH paThiSyatha / bhaviSyAmi bhaviSyAvaH bhaviSyAmaH u0ma0 paThiSyAmi paThiSyAkaH paThiSyAmaH loTa bhavatu, bhavatAt bhavatAm bhavantu pra. pu0 paThatu, paThatAt paThatAm paThantu bhava, bhavatAt bhavatam bhavata ma0pu0 paTha, paThatAt paThatam paThata bhavAni bhavAva bhavAma u0 pu0 paThAni vidhi lika bhavet bhavetAm bhaveyuH pra0 pu0 paThet paThetAm paTheyuH bhaveH bhavetam bhaveta ma0pu0 paTheH paThetam paTheta bhaveyam bhaveva bhavema u0pU0 paTheyam paTheva paThema agAchat agachaH agaccham agacchatAm agacchatam agacchAva agacchan pra. agacchata ma0 agacchAma u0 acala acala acala acalatAm acalan acalatam acalata acalAva gamiSyati gamiSyataH gamiSyanti pra0 caliSyati caliSyataH caliSyanti gamiSyasi gamiSyathaH gamiSyatha ma0 caliSyasi caliSyathaH caliSyaya gamiSyAmi gamiSyAva: gamiSyAmaH u0 caliSyAmi caliSyAvaH caliSyAmaH loTa gacchatu-tAt gacchatAm gacchantu pra0 calatu-tA calatAm calantu vaccha-sAt gacchatam gacchata ma gacchata ma0' lA cala-tAt calatam calata gacchAni gacchAva gacchAma u0 calAni calAba calAma vidhilika gacchet gcchetaam| gaccheyuH pra calen caletAm caleyuH gacchaH gacchetam gaccheta ma0 cale caletam caleta gaccheyam gaccheva gacchema u0 .caleyam caleva calema bhavitA bhavitArau bhavitAraH pra0 paThitA paThitArau paThitAraH bhavitAsi bhavitAsthaH bhavitAstha ma0 paThitAsi paThitAsthaH paThitAstha bhavitAsmi bhavitAsvaH bhavitAsmaH u0 paThitAsmi paThitAsvaH paThitAsmaH AzIliGa bhUyAt bhUyAstAm bhUyAsuH pra0 paThyAt paJcAstAm paJcAsuH bhUyAH bhUyAstambhU yAsta ma. paThacAH paThadhAstam paThayAsta bhUyAsam bhUyAsva bhUyAsma u0 paThyAsam paThyAsva paThacAsma 1. 'gam' aura cala dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0. pu. ke rUpajagAma jagmatuH jagmuH liT cacAla celatuH celu: agamatAm agaman lacha acAlIt acAliSTAm acAliSuH gantA gantArI gantAraH luT calitA calitArI calitAraH namyAt gamyAstAm gamyAsuH A0lika-calyAt calyAstAm calyAmuH bhagamiSyat- agamiSyatAm agamiSyan lu acaliSyat acaliSyatAma aniyana abhaviSyat abhaviSyatAm abhaviSyan pra0 apaThiSyat apaThiSyatAm apaThiSyan abhaviSyaH abhaviSyatam abhaviSyata ma0 apaThiSyaH apaThiSyatam apaThiSyata abhaviSyam bhabhaviSyAva abhaviSyAma u0 apaThiSyam apaThiSyAva apaThiSyAma /

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bhvAdi-zru, dRz, sthA, vad] 1. vyAkaraNa [125 sthA' (ThaharanA) pa0, aka0, aniT bad' ( kahanA) 50, saka0, seTa ('sthA' ko 'tiSTh' sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM ) . 124 ] 'saMskRta-pravezikA [10: dhAturUpa zru' (sunanA) pa0, saka0, aniT dRz' (dekhanA) pa0, saka0, aniTa ('zru' ko 'zR' aura 'nu' vikaraNa ('dRza' ko 'pazya' sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM) sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM) laT zRNoti zRNutaH zRNvanti pra0 pazyati pazyataH pazyanti zRNoSi zRNuthaH zRNuSa ma0 pazyati pazyapaH pazyaca zRNomi zRNuvaH-NvaH zRNumaH-maH 30 pazyAmi pazyAvaH pazyAmaH tiSThati tiSThasi tiSThAmi tiSThataH tiSThanti pra0 tiSThathaH tiSThaya ma0 tiSThAvaH tiSThAmaH u0 vadati badasi vadAmi badataH badathaH badAvaH badanti badatha badAmaH azRNot azRNoH azRNavam azRNutAm amRNvan pra0 azRNutam azrRNuta ma0 azRNuva-gava azRNuma-ma u0 apazyat apazyatAm apazyan apazyaH apazyatam apazyata apazyam apazyAva apazyAma zRNotu-tAt zRNutAm zRNvantu zRNu-sAn zRNutam zRNuta zRNavAni zRNavAva zRNavAma pra. pazyatu-tAt pazyatAm pazyantu ma0 pazya-sAt pazyatam pazyata 0 pazyAni pazyAva pazyAma atiSThat atiSThatAm atiSThan pra0 avadat avadatAm avadan atiSThaH atiSThatam atiSThata ma0 avadaH avadatam avadata atiSTham atiSThAva atiSThAma u0 avadam avdaav| avadAma luT sthAsyati svAsthataH sthAsyanti pra0 vadiSyati vadiSyataH vadiSyanti sthAsyasi sthAsyavaH sthAsyatha ma0 vadiSyasi vadiSyathaH vadiSyatha sthAsyAmi sthAsyAvaH sthAsyAma: u0 vadiSyAmi vadiSyAvaH vadiSyAmaH loT tiSThatu-tAt tiSThatAm tiSThantu pra0 vadatu, vadatAt badatAm vadantu tiSTha-tAt tiSThatam tiSThata ma0 vada, vadatAt vadatam vadata tiSThAni tiSThAvatiSThAma u0 badAni vadAva vAma vidhiliGa tiSThet tiSThetAm tiSTheyuH pra0 vadet vadetAm vadeyuH tiSThaH tiSThetam tiSTheta ma0 badeH vadetam vadeta tiSTheyam tiSTheva tiSThema u0 badeyam vadeva vadema gad (spaSTa bolanA) pa0, sa0, seT 'pad'>na (asphuTa bolanA)pa0, a0, seTa zRNuyAn zRNuyAH zRNuyAm zRNuyAtAm zRguvAtam zRNuyAva zRNuyuH pra0 zRNuyAta ma0 zRNuyAma u0 pazyet pazyetAm pazyeH pazyetam pazyevam pazyeva pazyeyuH pazyeta pazyema zroSyati zroSyataH dhoSyanti pra0 drakSyati drakSyataH drazyanti zroSyasi zroSyavaH zroSyatha ma. drakSyasidrakSyathaH drazyaya. zroSyAmi thocyAvaH zroSyAmaH u0 vakSyAmi vyAvaH drakSyAmaH 1. 'zu' aura 'dRza' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpazuzrAva zuzruvatuH zuzruvuH liT dadarza dadRzatuH adhauSIt adhISTAm azrauSuH lA adrAkSIt adrASTAm / adrAkSaH) adarzata, adarzatAm / adarzana / thotA zrotArI thotAraH luT draSTA aSTArI draSTAraH dhUyAt zrUyAstAm dhUyAsuH A0lika dRzyAt dRzyAstAm dRzyAsuH azroSyat azroSyatAm azroSyan luDa adrakSyat bhadrakSyatAm adrakSyan 1. 'sthA' aura 'bad' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpatasthau tasthatuH tasthuH liT ubAda UdatuH duH asthAt asthAtAm asyuH luGa avAdIt bhavAdiSTAm avAdiSuH sthAtA sthAtArau sthAtAraH luTa baditA baditArau baditAraH stheyAt stheyAstAm stheyAsuH A0 lika udyAt udyAstAm udyAsuH asyAsyat asthAsyatAm asthAsyan luka avadiSyat avaviSyatAm avadiSyan 2. 'gad' aura 'jadu' dhAtuoM ke ghoSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpa

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126] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa bhvAdi -gad, Nad, an, pA] 1: vyAkaraNa [127 laTa pra. gadati gadataH gadanti gadasi gadayaH gadadha gadAni gadAvaH gadAmaH nadati nadataH navanti nadasi nadathaH nadAminadAvaH nadAmaH nadaya atati atami atathaH atAmi atAvaH ma0 . ataya atAmaH pibati pivataH pibanti pibasi pibadhaH pibatha pibAmi pibAvaH pibAma: u la Atan AtaH Atam AtatAm Atatam AtAva laG pra0 ma0 u0 apibat apivaH apibam apibatAm apiban apibatam apibata apibAva apibAma AtAma agada agadatAm agadan pra0 anada anavatAm anadan agadaH agadatam agadata ma0 anadaH anadatam anadata agadam agadAva agadAma u0 anadam anadAva anadAma laT gaviSyati gadiSyataH gadiSyanti pra. nadiSyati nadiSyataH bhaviSyanti gadidhAsi gadiSyathaH gadiSyatha ma nadiSyasi nadiSyathaH nadidhyaya gadiSyAmi gadidhyAvaH gadiSyAmaH u0 nadiSyAmi nadiSyAvaH nadiSyAmaH loTU gadatu-tAn gadatAm gadantu pra. navatu-tAt nadatAm nadantu gada-tAn gadatam gadata ma0 nada-tAtna datam nadata gadAni gadAva gadAma u0. nadAni nadAva nadAma vidhiliGga gaden gadetAm gadeyuH pra. nadena nadetAm nadeyuH gadeH gadetam gadeta mAnadeH nadetam nadeta gadeyam gadeva gademau nadeyam nadeva nadema at (hamezA calanA) pa0, sa0, seT pA' (pInA) 50, sa0, aniT ('pA' ko . pib' sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM) atiSyati atipyataH atiSyanti pra0 pAsyati pAsyataH pAsyanti atiSyasi atiSpathaH atiSyatha ma. pAsyati pAsyathaH pAsyaya aniSpAmi atiSyAvaH atiSyAmaH u0 pAsyAmi pAsyAvaH pAsyAmaH loTa atatu tAn atatAm atantu pra. pibatu-tAt pivatAm pibanta ata-tAt atatam atata ma0. piba-tAt pibatam pibata atAni atAva atAma u0 pibAni pibAva pibAma vidhilis ate atetAm . ateyuH pra. piven pibetAm pibeyuH ate. atetam ateta ma. pibeH pibetam pibeta ateyam aleva atema u0 pibeyam pibeva pibema e' (bar3hanA) mA0, a0, seTa vRtu' (rahanA) A0, 10, seTa laT edhate eghete edhante pra. vartate vartate vartante eghase edhethe eghaDave ma. vartase vatethe varnadhde edhe edhAbahe eghAmahe u varte vartAvahe vartAmahe Ata AtatuH AtuH liT papI papatuH papuH AtIna AtiSTAm AtiSuH laG apAt apAtAm apuH atitA atitArau atitAraH laT pAtApAtArau pAtAraH atyAsa atyAstAm atyAsuH A0 liG peyAna peyAstAm peyAsaH jAtiSpat AtipyatA AtiSyan laG apAsyat apAsyatAm apAsvam 1. 'edh' aura 'vRd' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM ke rUpa-- jagAda jagadatuH jagaduH liT nanAda nedatuH neduH agAdIn agAdiSTAma agAdiSuH luGga anAdIn anAdiSTAm . anAdipu.] agadIn agadiSTAm agadiSuH anadIn bhanadiSTAm anadiSuH) gaditA gaditArau gaditArA luTa naditA naditArI naditAraH' gadyAn gadyAstAm gadyAsuH A0 li nadyAm nadyAstAm nadyAsuH agadiSya agadiSyatAm agadiSyan laG anadiSyan anadiSyatAm anaviSyan 1. 'at' aura 'pA' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpa

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128 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ 10 : dhAturUpa bahuja laG aidhata aidhetAm aidhanta pra0 avartata avartatAm avatanta aidhayAH aidhethAm aidhadhvam ma0 avartathAH avartathAm avartadhvam aidhe aiSAvahi aidhAmahi u. avarte avavihi avartImahi luT (vikalpa se 'vatsyati' Adi pa0 rUpa baneMge) eghiSyate eghiSyete edhiyyante pra. vatiSyate batiSyete yatiSyanse edhiSyase edhiSyethe edhiSyadhve ma. vatiSyase batidhyethe batiyadhve edhiSye edhipyAvahe edhiSyAmahe u0 vatiSye vatiSyAvahe batigyAmahe / loTa eghatAm edhetAm edhantAm pra0 bartatAm bartetAm vartantAm eghasna edhethAm edhadhvam ma0 vartasva valeMthAm vartadhvam eSAvahai edhAmahai u0 varne vartAvahai vartAmahai vidhiliG eveta. edheyAtAm edheran pra. varteta vatayAtAm varin edhethAH edheyAthAm evam ma. vartathAH vartayAthAm vartadhvam / edheya. edhevahi edhemahi u0 vaya vartevahi vartamahi bhvAdi-e, vRtu, kamu] 1: vyAkaraNa [126 kamu' (icchA karanA) A0, sa0, seTa laTa kAmayate kAmayete kAmayante pra0 akAmayata akAmayetAm akAmayanta kAmayase kAmayethe kAmayadhve ma akAmayathAH akAmayethAm akAmayadhvam kAmaye kAmayAbahe kAmayAmahe u0 akAmaye akAmayAvahi akAmayAmahi lRT (vikalpa se) kAmayiSyate kAyiSyete kAmayiSyante pra0 kamiSyate kamiSyete kamiSyante kAmayiSyase kAmayiSyethe kAmayiSyadhve ma. kamiSyase kamidhyethe kamiSyadhve kAmayiSye kAmayiSyAvahe kAmayiSyAmahe u0 kamiSye kamiSyAvahe kamiSyAmahe . 444 loTa vidhili kAmayatAm kAmayetAm kAmayantAm pra0 kAmayeta kAmayeyAtAm kAmayeran kAmayasva kAmayethAm kAmayadhvam ma0 kAmayethAH kAmayeyAthAm kAmayedhvam kAmaya kAmayAvahai kAmayAmahai u0 kAmayeya kAmayevahi kAmayemahi A ('edhayAmAsa' edhAmbabhUva Adi rUpa bhI hoMge) liT eghAcakre edhAJcakrAte edhAncakrire pra0 bavRtte batAte vatire edhAkRSa edhAnakAthe edhAJcakRDhve ma0 vavRtiSe yavRtAthe yatidhye edhAzcana edhAcakRbahe edhAcakRmahe u0 vavRte bavRtivahe vavRtimahe luG (vikalpa se avRtat' Adi 50 rUpa baneMge) aidhiSTa aidhiSAtAm aidhiSata pra0 atiSTa avatiSAtAm atiSata / aidhiSThAH aidhiSAyAm aidhivam ma0 atiSThAH avatiSAyAm avasivam / aidhipi aidhiSvahi aidhiSmahi u0 atiSi avatiSyahi avasiSmahi / AzIrliG edhiSISTa eghiSIyAstAm epiSIran pra. vatiSISTa vartiSIyAstAm vatiSIran eviSThAH edhiSIyAsthAm eghiSIdhvam ma0 vatiSISThAH batiSIyAsthAm vatiSIdhvam edhiSIya edhiSIvahi edhiSImahi u0 vatiSIya vatiSIvahi yatiSImahi luka (vikalpa se 'avatsyat' Adi pa0 rUpa baneMge) aidhiSyata aidhiSyetAm aidhiSyanta pra. avatiSyata avatiSyetAm avatiSyanta aidhivyathAH aiSiSyethAm aidhiSyadhvam ma0 avatidhyathAH avatiSyeSAm avatiSyadhvam aiSiSye aidhiSyAvahi aighiSyAmahi u0 avatiSye avatiSyAvahi avatiSyAmahi 1. 'kamu' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke (do-do) rUpaniT ---kAmayAJcakre kAmayAJcakAte kaamyaanyckrire| cakame cakamAte ckmire| luka -acIkamata acIkametAm acIkamanta / acakamata acakametAm acakamanta / lada-kAmayitA kAmayitArau kAmayitAraH / kamitA kamitArau kmisaar| bhA0liGga-kAmayiSISTa kAmayiSIyAstAm vIran / kamiSISTaSIyAstAm 0SIran / ME akAmayiSyat yiSyetAm yiSyanta / akamiSyata akamiSyetAm akmissyaat| hai / i edhitA edhitArI edhitAraH pra0 vartitA vatitArI vatitAraH / / edhitAse edhitAsAthe edhitAdhve ma. vatitAse batitAsAthe vartitAve | edhitAhe edhitAsvahe edhitAsmahe u0 vartitAhe batitAsvahe titAsmo

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- [10 : dhAturUpa 130] saMskRtapravezikA nI' (le jAnA) u0, saka0, aniT parasmaipada nayati nayataH nayanti pra. nayate nayasi nayathaH nayatha ma nayase nayAmi nayAvaH navAmaH u0 naye Atmanepada nayete nayante nayethe nayadhye nayAvahe nayAmahe bhvAdi-nI, zri, yaj ! 1: vyAkaraNa [131 zri >zri (sevA karanA, sahArA lenA) u0, saka0, seTa parasmaipada la Atmanepada zrayati zrayataH zrayanti pra0 zrayate zrayete zrayasi zrayathaH zrayatha ma. zreyase yethe zrayadhve zrayAmi zrayAvaH zrayAmaH zraye zrayAvahe zrayAmahe la adhayat azrayatAm anayan azrayata azrayetAm azrayanta azrayaH azrayatam azrayata ma0 azrayathAH azrayethAm azrayadhvam azrayAva ayAma u0 azraye azrayAvahi azrayAmahi pra0 anayat anayatAm anayan anayaH 'anamatam' manayata anayam anayAva anayAma pra. ma. u0 anayata anayetAm anayanta anayathAH anayethAm anayadhvam anaye anayAvahi anayAmahi neSyati neSyataH neSyanti pra0 neSyate neSyasi neSyathaH neSyatha ma0 neSyase neSyAmi neSyAyaH neSyAmaH u0 neSye neSyante neSyadhve neSyAmahe neSyethe neSyAvahe 3 111 TT II UT IT 11 loda nayantu nayantAt nayAni nayatam nayAva pra0 nayatAm 'ma0 nayasva u0 naye nayetAm nayethAm nayAvahai nayantAm nayadhvam nayAmahe nayAma zrayiSyati zrayiSyataH zrayiSyanti pra0 zrayiSyate zrayiSyete zrayiSyante zrayiSyasi zrayiSyathaH zrayiSyatha ma0 zrayiSyase zrayiSyethe zrayiSyadhve zrayiSyAmi zrayiSyAvaH dhayiSyAmaH u0 zrayiSye aviSyAvahe zrayiSyAmahe loTa zrayatu-tAt zrayatAm zrayantu pra0 zrayatAm zrayetAm ayantAm shry-taa| zrayatam zrayata ma. zrayasva zrayethAm zrayadhvam zrayANi zrayAva zrayAma u0 zrayai bhayAvahai zrayAmahai vidhilika zraye yetAm dhayeyuH pra0 zrayeta zrayeyAtAm bhayerana zrayaH zrayetam zrayeta ma. dhayethAH dhayeyAthAm zrayedhvam zrayeyam zrayeva zrayebha u0 zrayeya / zrayevahi zraye mahi 'yajana ( yajJa yA pUjA karanA ) u0, saka0, aniT . parasmaipada laT Atmanepada yajati yajataH yajanti pra0 yajate , yajete yajante 1. 'ziva' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM meM rUpamizrAya zidhiyatuH zidhiyuH liT zizriye zizriyAta zithiyire azithiyat azidhiyatAm azizriyan luGga azidhiyata azizriyetAm azizriyanta zrayitA thayitArau . zrayitAraH luT zrayitA ayitArau ayitAraH zrIyAn zrIyAstAm zrIvAsuH AlizrayiSISTa zrayiSIyAstAm apipIrana ayiSyat azrayiSyatAm adhayiSyan lUla athayiSyata azrayiSyetAm azrayiSyanta 2. 'yaj' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpaiyAja IjatuH IjuH liT Ije IjAte Ijire bhayAkSI ayASTAm ayAtuH lucha ayaSTa ayakSAtAm ayakSata vidhili. nayet naye mayeyam nayetAm nayetam nayeva nayeyuH nayeta nayema pra0 nayeta ma0 nayeyAH u0 nayeya nayetAm nayeran nayeyAthAm nayedhvam nayevahi nayemahi 1. 'nI' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM (donoM padoM) meM pra. pu. ke rUpaninAya ninyatuH ninyuH liT ninye ninyAte nibhyire anaiSIt aneSTAm aneSuH luka. aneSTa aneSAtAm aneSata netA netArau netAraH luT metA netArau netArA nIyAt nIyAstAm nIyAsuH A0lika neSISTa neSIyAstAm neSIran / aneSyat aneSyatAm aneSyan / luru aneSyata aneSyetAm aneSyanta /

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132] saMskRta-pravezikA yajayaH yajatha ma0 yajase yajAvaH yajAmaH u0 yaje [10: dhAturUpa yajeye yajadhve yajAvahe yajAmahe adAdi-ad, vid ] 1: vyAkaraNa [133 'adu" (khAnA) pa0, saka0, aniT 'vid' (jAnanA ) 10, saka0, seTa yajasi yajAmi atti atsi ani attaH adanti atthaH attha adaH adyaH pra0 vetti,veda vittaH,vidatuH vidanti,viduH ma0 vetsi,vettha vitthaH,vidathuH vittha,vida u0 dedhi,veda vidvaH, vidva vidyaH,vidya bhAdat AdaH Adam AttAm Adana,AduH pra0 Attam Atta ma0 Aha Ana u0 avet aveH avedam avittAm aviduH,athidana avittam avitta avidva avidma vedAma ayajat ayajatAm ayajan pra0 ayajata ayajetAm ayajanta ayajA ayajatam avajata ma0 ayajathAH ayajethAm ayajadhvam ayajam ayajAva ayajAma u0 ayaje ayajAvahi ayajAmahi lUTU yakSyati yakSyataH pakSyanti pra0 yakSyate yakSyate yakSyante yakSyasi yakSyathaH yakSyatha ma0 yakSyase yakSyethe yakSyadhye yakSyAmi yakSyAdA yakSyAmaH u0 yakSye yazyAvahe yakSyAmahe loTU yajatu-tAt yajatAm yajantu pra0 yajatAm yajetAm yajantAm yaja-tAt yajatam yajata ma0 yajasva yajethAm yajadhvam yajAni yajAva yajAma u0 baje yajAvahai yajAmahai vidhilie yajet yajetAm yajayuH pra0 yajeta yajeyAtAm yaje ran yaje. yajetam yajeta ma. yajethAH yajeyAthAm yajedhvam yajeyam yajeva yajema u0 yajeya yajaivahiH yajemahi (2) adAdigaNa yaSTA yaSTArI yaSTAraH luTU yaSTA yathArI yaSTAraH ijyAt ijyAstAm ijyAsuH ANaliG yakSISTa yakSIyAstAm yakSIran ayakSyat ayakSyatAm ayakSyan luja ayakSyata ayakSyetAm ayakSyanta 1. isa gaNa meM 72 dhAtuyeM haiN| isameM vikaraNa kA lopa ho jAtA hai| adAdigaNIya kucha dhAtuoM ke laT lakAra ke rUpaduha (pa0) dogdhi dugdhaH duhanti rud (pa0) roditi ruditaH rudanti (duhanA) dhokSi dugdhaH dugdha (ronA) rodiSi rudiyaH ruditha ___dojhi duhvaH duhmH| rodimi rudivaH rudimaH (A0) dugdhe duhAte duhate svap(pa0) svapiti svapitaH svapanti dhukSe duhAthe dhuradhve (sonA) svapiSi svapithaH svapitha duhe duhvahe duhmahe svapimi svapivaH svapimaH snA(pa0) snAti snAtaH snAnti yA (50) yAti yAtaH yAnti (snAna karanA) snAsi snAthaH snAtha (jAnA) * yAsi yAthaH yAtha atsyati aspataH atsyanti pra bediSyati vediSyataH vediSyati atsyami atsyathaH atsyatha ma0 vediSyasi vediSyathaH vediSyaya asyAmi atsyAvaH atsyAmaH u0 vediSyAmi vedidhyAvaH vaividhyAmaH loT ('vidAkarotu' Adi rUpa bhI banate haiM) attu,attAt attAm adantu pra0 vettu vittAm vidantu addhi,attAt attam atta ma0 viddhi vittam vitta adAni adAba adAma u0 vedAni vedAva' vidhilika adyAt adyAtAm adhuH pra0 vidyAt vidyAtAm vidyuDa adyA: abAtam athAta ma0 vidyAH vidyAtam vidyAta adyAm adyAva adyAma u0 vidyAm vidyA vidyAma snAmi snAvaH snAmaH yAmi yAvaH yAmaH zAsU (50) zAsti ziSTaH zAsati iNa (pa0) eti itaH yanti (zAsana karanA)zAssi ziSThaH ziSTha (jAnA) eSi ithaH itha zAsmi zivaH ziSmaH emi ivaH imaH 1. 'ad' aura 'vid' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpamAda AdatuH AduH liT viveda vividatuH vividuH. (japAsa jakSatuH janaH) (vidAJcakAra vidAmacakratuH vidAdhyaka) adhasan aghasatAm aghasan lurU avedIt avediSTAm abediSuH attA attArI attAraH luT veditA devitArI veditAacAna adyAstAm adyAsuH Alika vidyAt vidyAstAm vidyAsuH bhAtsyat AtsyatAm Atsyat lucha avediSyat avediSyatAm bhavediNyana

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134] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa zIzI ' (sonA) A0, a0, seT adhi + I->' (par3hanA) mA0, sa0, a. adAdi-zI, i, ba, as, han ] 1: vyAkaraNa parasmaipada bravIti,mAha brUtaH,AhatuH bruvanti,mAhuH pra0 bruute| brISi,Astha brUthaH, AhathuH bUtha ma0 varSe bravImi brUmaH u0 bruve zete zayAte zayAye zevahe zerate . adhIte adhIyAte zeSvema. adhISe adhIyAthe zemahe u. adhIye adhIvahe zeSe Atmanepada bruvAte bruvAthe bahe adhIyate adhIdhve adhImahe bruvate bUdhve brUmahe azeta bhazaMSAH azayi azeyAtAm azerata pra. adhyata adhyayAtAm adhyayata azeyAthAm bhazedhvam ma. adhyaiSAH adhyeyASAm adhyadhvam azeSahi azemahi u. adhyayi adhyavahi madhyamahi ajavIt agravI abravam abrUtAm abrUtam 'abrUva abruvan abrUta - adhUma. pra. abrUta abruvAtAm abruvata ma0 abrUyAH abuvAyAm abrUdhvam u0 abruvi abrUvahi anUmahi zayiSyate zayiSyase zayiSye zayiSyate zayiSyante pra0 adhyeSyate adhyeSyete adhyeSyante zayiSyethe zayiSyadhve ma adhyeSyase adhyeSyece adhyeSyadhve zayiSyAvahe zayiSyAmahe u. adhyeSye adhyeSyAvahe adhyeSyAmahe vakSyati vakSyataH vakSyanti pra0 bakSyate vakSyete vakSyante vakSyasi bakSyathaH vakSyatha ma0 vakSyase vakSyethe vakSyadhve vakSyAmi vakSyAvaH vakSyAmaH u0 vakSye lakSyAvahe vakSyAmaI lo bravItu-tAt brUtAm bruvantu pra0 tAmbu vAtAm avatAm brUhi-tAt brUtam bUta ma0 Sva bruvAthAm dhvam avANi bravAba avAma u0 avai avAvahai bavAmahe vidhilie brUyAt brUyAtAm brUyuH pra. bruvIta bRvIyAtAm buvIran brUyA: brUyAtam bUyAta ma0 bruvIthAH buvIyAyAm bruvIdhvam brUyAm brUyAva brUyAma u0 bruvIya bruvIvahi bruvImahi as' (vartamAna rahanA) pa0, a0, aniT han' (vadha karanA; jAnA) 50, sa0, seTa zetAm zayAtAm zeratAm pa0 adhItAm adhIyAtAm adhIyatAm / goSva , zayAyAm zedhvam ma. adhISva adhIyAthAm adhIdhvam zaya zayAvahai. zayAmahai u0 adhparya adhyayAvahai adhyayAmahai vidhilika zayIta zayIyAtAm zayIran pra0 adhIyIta adhIyIyAtAm adhImIran zayIthAH zayIyAthAm zayIdhvam ma0 adhIyIthAH aghIyIyAthAm adhIyIdhvam zayIya zayIvahi zayImahi u0 adhIyIya adhIyIvahi adhiiyiimhi| > (kahanA) u0, saka0, aniT (ArdhadhAtuka lakAroM meM 'bra' ko 'vac' hogA) 1. 'zI' aura 'adhi+I' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu. ke rUpazizye ziSyAte zipiyare liT adhijage adhijagAte adhijgire| azayiSTa azayiSAtAm azayiSata luka adhyagISTa adhyagISAtAm adhyagISata / (adhyaSTa adhyaSAtAm adhyaSata) zayitA zayitArI zayitAraH luT adhyetA adhyetArI adhyetaa| zayiSISTa zayiSIyAstAm zayiSIran A0lika adhyeSISTa adhyeSIyAstAm adhyeSIratA azayiSyata azayiSyetAm azayiSyanta lucha adhyagISyata adhyagIdhyetAm gISyanta / / (adhyaSyata adhyaSyetAm adhyaSyanta 2. '' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM ke pra0 pu0 meM donoM padoM ke rUpauvAca .. avatuH UcuH liT Uce UcAte cire / avocata avocatAm ayocan luk avocata avopetAm ayodhAta vaktA asti staH santi pra. hanti hataH ' ghnanti asi asmi svaH smaH u0 hanmi hanvaH hanmaH vaktArI vaktAraH luT vaktA vaktArI vaktAraH ucyAstAm ucyAsuH AlivakSISTa vakSIyAstAm vakSIrana avakSyat avadhyatAm avakSyan luGa avakSyata avakSyetAm avakSyanta 1. 'as' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM ke rUpa 'bhU' ke hI hoMge kyoMki vahA~ 'as' ko 'bhU' ho jAtA hai| 2. 'han' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu ke rUpa :-liT-jaghAna jaghnatuH januH / lu-avadhIt avadhiSTAm avadhiSuH / luT-hantA hantArI hantAraH / A0 liGgavadhyAt vadhyAstAm vadhyAsuH / lura-ahaniSyat ahaniSyatAm ahaniSyan /

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136 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : ghAturUpa juhohu, bhI, dA] 1:dhyAkaraNa [137 AsIt . AstAm AsIH Astam Asam Asva Asan Asta Asma pra0 ahan ma0 bahan u0 ahanam ahatAm ahatam ahanva anan ahata mahanma - bhaviSyati bhaviSyataH bhaviSyanti pra0 haniSyati haniSyataH haniSyanti bhaviSyasi bhaviSyathaH bhaviSyatha ma haniSyasi haniSyathaH haniSyatha bhaviSyAmi bhaviSyAvaH bhaviSyAmaH u0 haniSyAmi haniSyAvaH haniSyAmaH loTa astu-stAt stAm santu pra0 hantu,hatAt hatAm ghnantu edhi-stAt stam sta ma . jahi,hatAt hatam hata asAni asAva asAva asAma u0 hanAni hanAva hanAma vidhilie syAt syAtAm syuH pra0 hanyAt hanyAtAm hanyuH syAH syAtam syAta ma0 hatyAHhanyAtam hanyAta syAm sthAva syAma u0 hanyAm hanyAva hanyAma (3) juhotyAdi-gaNa' hu' (havana karanA) pa0, sa0, aniT bhI (uranA) 50, a0, aniT 1. isa gaNa meM 24 dhAtuyeM haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM-(1) laTa lakAra pra0 pu0 ke bahuvacana meM 'anti' ke sthAna para 'ati' hotA hai| (2) laG lakAra pra0 pu. ke bahuvacana meM 'an' ke sthAna para 'us' hotA hai aura taba yadi dhAtu ke anta meM 'A' ho to usakA lopa, yadi i, u, R ho to guNa hotA hai| isa gaNa kI 'hA' aura 'dhA' dhAtuoM ke laT lakAra ke rUpahA (pa0) jahAti jahitaH jahati dhA0 (50) dadhAti dhattaH dadhati (tyAganA) jahItaH (dhAraNa karanA) dadhAsi dhatthaH dhattha jahAsi jahithaH jahitha dadhAmi dadhvaH dadhmaH jahIthaH jahIya (A0) dhatte dadhAte dadhate jahAmi jahivaH jahimaH ghatse dadhAthe dadhve jahIvaH jahImaH dadhe dadhvahe dadhmahe 2.'' aura 'bhI' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra. pu. ke rUpajuhAva juhavatuH juhuvuH liT bibhAya bibhyatuH bibhyuH (juhavAJcakAra cakratuH 0ca:) (bibhayAJcakAra caMkratuH cakruH) laT (vikalpa se 'bhi' ko 'bhI' hogA) juhoti juhataH jubati pra0 bibheti bibhitaH,bibhItaH bibhyati juhoSi juhuyaH juhutha ma0 bibheSi,bibhithaH,bibhIthaH bibhItha,vibhItha juhomi juhuvaH juhamaH u0 bibhe mi bibhivaH, vibhIvaH bibhimaH,bibhImaH laG (laT ke samAna 'bhi' ko 'bhI' hogA) ajuhot ajuhutAm ajuhavaH pra0 avibhet abibhitAm avibhayuH ajuhoH ajuhutam ajuhuta ma0 abibheH . abibhitam avibhita ajuhavam ajuhava ajuhama u0 abibhayam abibhiva avibhima lRd (laT ke samAna 'bhi' ko 'bhI' hogA) hoSyati hoSyataH hoSyanti pra0 bheSyati bheSyataH bheSyanti hoSyasi hoghyathaH hopyatha ma0 bheSyasi bheSyathaH bheSyatha hoSyAmi hoNyAvaH / hopyAmaH u0 bheSyAmi bhepyAvaH / bheSyAmaH loTa (laT ke sAmAna 'bhi' ko 'bhI' hogA) juhotu, juhUtAt juhutAm juhvatu pra. vibhetu,vibhitAt bibhitAm bibhyatu jadhi, juhUtA juhutam juhuta ma0 bibhihi, bibhiMtAt bibhitam bibhita juhavAni juhavAva juhavAma u0 bibhayAni vibhayAva vibhayAma vidhiliGa ('bhi' ko 'bhI' hone se do-do rUpa) juhuyAtAm juhuyuH pra0 vibhiyAt bibhiyAtAm vibhiyuH juhuyAH juhuyAta juhuyAta ma. vibhiyAH bibhiyAtam bibhiyAta juhuyAn juhuyAva juhuyAma u0 bibhiyAma bibhiyAva bibhiyAma dA' (denA) u0, saka0, aniTa ahoSIt ahauSTAm ahauSuH luka abhaiSIt abhaiSTAm abhaiSuH hotA hotArI hotAraH luT bhetA bhatArI bhetAraH yat hUyAstAm hUyAsuH AvaliGga bhIyAt bhIyAstAm bhIyAsuH ahogya ahopyatAm ahoSyan luG abheSya abheSyatAm abheSyan 1. 'dA' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpadadau dadatuH daduH liT dade dadAte dadire adAn adAtAm aduH luG adita adiSAtAm adiSata dAtA dAtArI dAtAraH luT dAtA dAtArau dAtAraH deyAt devAstAm deyAsuH AliG dAsISTa dAsIyAstAm dAsIran / adAsyat adAsyatAm adAsyan luG adAsyata adAsyetAm jadAsyanta

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138] divAdi-diva, jan, naza, nRt ] 1: vyAkaraNa [136 diva' (juA khelanA, camakanA)pa. jan' (honA) A0, aka0, seTa aryAnusAra sa0 a0, seT (sArvadhAtuka meM 'jan' ko 'jA' hotA hai ) saMskRta pravezikA [ 10 : dhAturUpa parasmaipada laT Atmanepada dadati pra0 datte dadAte dadate datyaH dattha ma. datse dadAye daddhve dadvaH damaH0 davedabahe dadmahe dadAti dadAsi dadAmi dIvyati dIvyataH dIvyanti pra0 jAyate dIvyasi dIvyathaH dIvyaya ma0 jAyase dIvyAmi dIvyAvaH dIvyAmaH u0 jAye jAyete jAyante jAyethe jAyadhve jAyAvahe jAyAmahe lak adadA adattAm adaduH pra0 adatta adadAtAm adadata adadAH adattam adatta ma0 adatthAH adavAthAm adadhvam adadAm adava adadma u0 adadi adahi __adapahi lUTU dAsthati dAsyataH , dAsyanti pra0 dAsyate dAsyete dAsyante dAsyasi dAsyathaH dAsyatha ma. dAsyase dAsyethe dAsyadhve dAsyAmi dAsyAvaH dAsyAmaH u0 dAsye dAsyAvahe dAsyAmahe adIvyat adIpatAm adIvyaH adIvyatam adIyam adIvyAva adIvyat pra. ajAyata ajAyetAm ajAyanta adIvyata ma0 ajAyathAH ajAyethAm ajAyadhvam adIvyAma u0 ajAye ajAyAvahi ajAyAmahi ET UIT DI TT TT deviSyati deviSyataH deviSyanti pra. janiSyate janiSyate janiSyante deviSyasi deviSyathaH deviSyatha ma janiSyase janiSyethe janiSyadhve deviSyAmi deviSyAva: deviSyAmaH u0 janidhye janiSyAvahe janiSyAmahe loT loTU dadAtu-tAt dattAm dadatu pra0 dattAm dadAtAm dadatAm dehi-tAt dattam ma0 datsva dadAthAm dadhvam dadAni dadAva dadAma u0 dadai dadAvahai dadAmahai vidhiliG dadyAt dadyAtAm dadyuH pra0 dadIta dadIyAtAm dadIran dadyAH dadyAtam dadyAta ma. dadIthAH dadIyAthAm dadIdhvam dadyAm dadyAva dadyAma0 dadIya dadIvahidadImahi (4) divAdi gaNa 1. isa gaNa meM 140 dhAtuyeM hai| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM (1) dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'ya' (zyan) bikaraNa jur3atA hai / (2) dhAtu ko guNa nahIM hotaa| (1) zeSa mvAdigaNa kI taraha / isa gaNa kI kucha dhAtuoM ke laT lakAra ke rUpabhram (50) bhramati bhramataH bhramanti yudha (A0) yudhyate yudhyete yudhyante (ghUmanA) bhramasi bhramathaH bhramatha (yuddha karanA) yudhyase yudhyethe yudhyadhve bhramAmi bhramAvaH bhramAmaH yudhye yudhyAvahe yudhyAmahe poTa-isake 'bhrAmyati' evaM bhramyati rUpa bhI hoNge| pA0 (A0) pIyate pIyete pIyante vid (A0) vidyate vidyete vidyante (pInA) pIyase pIyethe pIyadhve (vartamAna honA) vidyase vidyethe vidyadhve pIye pIyAvahe pIyAmahe vice vidyAvahe vidyAmahe dIvyatu-tAt dIvyatAm dIvyantu pra0 jAyatAm jAyetAm jAyantAm dIvya-tAt dIvyatam dIvyata ma jAyasva jAyeSAm jAyadhvam dIvyAni dIvyAva dIvyAma u. jAye jAyAvahai jAyAmahai vidhilaGga dIvyen dIvyetAm dIvyeyuH pra. jAyeta jAyayAtAm jAyeran dIvyeH dIvyatam dIvyeta ma jAyethAH jAyeyAthAm jAyedhvam dIvyeyam dIvyeva , dIvyama u0 jAyeya jAyevahi jAyemahi naz (adRSTa yA naSTa honA) 50 beTa nRt (nAcanA) 50, a0, seTa 1. 'diva' aura 'jan' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpadideva didivatuH didikuH liT jo jajJAte jajJire adevIt adevisTAm adeviSuH lucha ajani ajaniSAtAm ajaniSata devitA devitArau devitAraH luT janitA janitArau janitAraH dIvyAt dIvyAstAm dIvyAsuH AliGga janiSISTa janiSIyAstAm janiSIran adebiSyam adeviSyatAm adeviSyan luka ajaniSyan ajaniSyetAm ajaniSyanta 2. 'naza' aura 'nRt' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpananAza nezaH nezuH liT nanartta nanRtatuH nanRtuH anazat anazatAm anazan luka panIt anatiSTAm anatiSaH

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[141 svAdi-su, ciJ] 1: vyAkaraNa parasmaipada laT Atmanepada sunoti sunutaH sunvanti pra0 sunute sunbAte sunoSi , sunuthaH sunutha ma. sunuSe / sunvAthe sunomi sunuvA-vaH sunumaHmaH u0 sumbe sunuvahenvahe sunvate sanudhne sunumahe mahe 140] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa laT nazyati nazyataH nazyanti pra0 nRtyati nRtyata. nRtyanti nazyasi nazyathaH nazyatha ma. nRtyasi nRtyathaH nRtyatha nazyAmi nazyAvaH nazyAmaH u0 nRtyAmi nRtyAvaH nRtyAmaH la anasyan anazyatAm anazyan pra. anRtya anRtyatAm anRtyan anazyaH anazyatam anazyata ma0 anRtyaH anRtyatam anUtyata anazyam anazyAva anazyAma u0 anRtyam anRtyAvaanRtyAma (vikalpa se nakSyati' Adi rUpa hoMge) luT (vikalpa se 'narasya'ti' Adi rUpa baneMge) nazighyati naziSyataH nazidhyanti pra0 natiSyati natiSyataH natiSyanti naziSyasi nazipyathaH naziSyatha ma0 natipyasi natiSyathaH natiSyaya naziSyAmi maziSyAvaH naziSyAmaH u0 natiSyAmi natiSyAvaH natiSyAmaH loTU nazyatu-tAt nazyatAm nazyantu pra0 nRtyatu-tAt nRtyatAm nRtyantu nazya-tAn nazyatam nazyata ma0 nRtya-tAt nRtyatam nRtyata' nazyAni nazyAva nazyAma u0 nRtyAni nRtyAva nRtyAma vidhiliGa nazyet nazyatAm nazyeyuH pra0 natyena nRtyetAm nRtyeyuH nazye: nazyetam nazyeta ma0 nRtyeH nRtyetam nRtyeta nazyeyam nazyeva nazyema u0 nRtyeyam nRtyeva nRtyema (5)svAdigaNa pu>su (rasa nikAlanA, nahAnA) u0, saMka0 ( nahAnA artha meM aka0), aniT nazitA,naMSTA nazitArI nazitAraH luTa natitA natitArau natitAraH nazyAn nazyAstAm nazyAsuH A0 lichanRtyAt nRtyAstAm nRtyAsuH anaziSyat anazidhyatAm anaziyan luGa anatiSyat anatipyatAm anatiSyan 1. isa gaNa meM 35 dhAtuyeM haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM-(1) dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'nu' (nu) jur3atA hai / (2) dhAtu ko guNa nahIM hotA hai / (3)'nu' ko vikalpa se 'na' ho jAtA hai yadi bAda meM 'va' yA 'm' ho aura pahale koI svara varNa / (4) 'nu' ko kahIM-kahIM guNa ho jAtA hai / 2. 'puJ' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpasuSAva suSuvatuH suSuvaH liT suSuve suSuvAte suSuvire asAvIt asAviSTAm asAviSuH luG asoSTa asoSAtAm asoSata asunota asunutAm asunvan pra0 asunuta asundhAtAm asunvata asunoH asanutam asunuta ma0 asunuvAH asunvAthAm asunudhvam / asunavam asunuvamba asanuma-nma u0 asunvi asuna(nu)vahi asura(nu) mahi lUTU soSyati soSyataH sodhyanti pra0 soSyate sodhyete sodhyante soSyasi soSyathaH soSyatha ma. soSyase soyethe soSyadhve soSyAmi soSyAva: soSyAmaH u0 sodhye sopyAvahe sopyAmahe loda sunotu-tAt sunutAm sunvantu pra0 sunutAm sunvAtAm sunvatAm sunu-tAt sunutam sunutama sunuSya sunvAthAm / sunudhvam sunavAni sunavAba sunavAma u0 sunavaM sunavAvahai sunavAma hai vidhiliGa sunuyAt sunuyAtAm sunuyuH pra0 sunvIta sunvIyAtAm sunbIran sunuyAH sunuyAtam sunuyAta ma. sundhIthAH sunvIyAthAm sunvIdhvam sunuyAm sunuyAba sunuyAma u0 sunvIya sunyIvahi sumbImahi cim' (cunanA) u0, saka0, aniT parasmaipada laT Atmanepada cinoti cinutaH cinvanti pra. cinute cinvAte cinvate sotA sotAro sotAraH luTa sotA sotArI sotAraH sUyAta sUyAstAm sUyAsuH AliGa soSISTa soSIyAstAm sopIran asoSyat asosyatAm asoSyan luGa asodhyata asodhyetAm asopyanta 1. 'cic' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpacikAya (cicAya) cikyatuH cikyuH liT cikye (cicye) cikyAte cikSire macaiSIt aceSTAm aceSuH lu aceSTa aceSAtAm aceSata tA cetArau cetAraH luT cetA cetArau cetAraH cIyAstAm cIyAsuH A0liGa ceSISTa ceSIyAstAm ceSIran abheSyat ___ aceSyatAm.' aceSyan lA abheSyata aceSyetAm aceSyanta pIyAt

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svAdi-Ap, zak tudAdi-tud ] 1: vyAkaraNa saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : ghAturUpa cinoSi cinuthaH cinuSa ma0 cinuSe cinvAthe cinudhve cinomi cinuvaH vaH cinumaHmaH u0 cinve cinubahe-nbahe cinumahe-mahe acinot acinutAm acinvan pra0 acinuta acinvAtAm acinvata acino acinutam acinuta ma0 acinuthAH acinvAthAm acinudhvam acinavam acinuvasva acinuma-ma u0 acindhi acina(nu) vahi aci(nu)mahi ceSyati ceSyataH ceSyanti pra0 ceSyate ceSyati beSyathaH ceSyatha maceSyase ceSyAmi ceSyAvaH ceSyAmaH u0 ceye ceSyete dhyethe ceSyAvahe ceSyante ceSyadhve peyAmahe loTa cinotu-tAta cinutAm cinyantu pra. cinutAm cinvAtAm cinvatAm cinu-tAt cinutama cinuta ma. cinuSva cimbAthAm cinudhvam cinavAni cinavAva cinavAma u0 cina cinavAvahai cinadhAma hai vidhilika cinuyAt cinuyAtAm cinuyuH pra. cinvIta cinbIyAtAm cinvIran cinuyAH cinuyAtam cinuyAta ma cinthIthAH cinvIyAthAma cinvIdhvam cinuyAm cinuyAva cinuyAma u0 cinvIya cinvIvahi cindhImahi ApU' (prApta karanA)pa0, saka0, aniT zak' ( sakanA) pa0, saka0, aniTa 4 laT Apnoti ApnutaH Apnuvanti pra0 zaknoti zaknutaH zaknuvanti ApnoSi ApnuthaH Apnutha ma0 zaknoSi zaknuthaH zaknutha Apnomi ApnuvaH ApnumaH . zaknomi zaknuvaH zaknumaH lUT Apsyati ApsyataH Apsyanti pra0 zakSyati zakSyataH zakSyanti Apsyasi bApsyathaH Apsyaya ma0 zakSyasi zakSyathaH zakSyatha ApsyAmi ApsyAvaH ApsyAmaH u0 zakSyAmi zakSyAvaH zakSyAmaH loTa Apnotu-tAt ApnutAm Apnuvantu pra. zaknotu-tAt zaknutAm zaknuvantu Apnuhi-tAn Apnutam Apnuta ma. zaknuhi tAt zaknutam zaknuta ApnavAni ApnavAva ApnavAma u0 zaknavAni zaknavAba zaknadhAma vidhiliG ApnuyAt ApnuyAtAm ApnuyuH pra0 zaknuyAt zaknuyAtAm zaknyU: ApnuyAH ApnuyAtam ApnuyAta ma0 zaknuyAH zaknuyAtam zaknuyAta ApnuyAm mApnuyAva ApnuyAma u0 zaknuyAm zaknuyAva zaknuyAma (6) tudAdi gaNa' tud (duHkha denA) u0, aka0, aniT / 1. isa gaNa meM 157 dhAtuyeM haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM hai-(1) dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'a'(za) jur3atA hai / (2) bhvAdi kI taraha dhAtu kI upadhA ke aura anta ke svara ko guNa nahIM hotA hai| (3) dhAtu ke antima i, Iko 'iya'; u, ka ko 'u', R ko 'riya' aura R ko 'ir' ho jAtA hai| isa gaNa kI kucha dhAtuoM ke laT lakAra ke rUpaguc (pa0) muJcati muJcataH munvanti kSip (50) kSipati kSipataH kSipanti (chor3anA) muJcasi muJcathaH muJcaya (phaikanA) (A.) kSipate kSipete kSipante muzAmi muzcAvaH muJcAmaH mila (50) milati milataH milanti (mA0) muJcate muJcete muJcante (milanA)(mA0) milate milete milante muJcase muyethe mukhadhye lipa (pa.) limpati limpataH limpanti muJce muzcAvaheM muJcAmahe (lIpanA) (A0) limpate limpete limpante 2. 'tud' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpa-. tutoSa tutudatuH . tutuduH liT tutude tutubAte tutu dire matautsI atIttAm atItsuH luGa- atutta atutsAtAm atutmata totA lottArI totAraH luT totA totArI tottAraH tugAta tudyAstAm tudyAsuH A0lie tutsISTa tutsIyAstA tulsIran bhanotsyat atotsyatAma atotsyan la atotsyata atotsyetAm atotsyanta bApnot ApnutAm Apnuvan pra0 azaknot azaknutAm azaknuvan ApnoH Apnutam Apnuta ma0 azaknoH azaknutam azaknutaM Apnavam Apnuva Apnuma u0 azakmavam azaknuva azaknuma 1. 'Apa' tathA 'zak' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu. ke rUpa---- Apa ApatuH ApuH liT zazAka zekatuH . zekA Apat ApAm Apan lucha azakat azakatAm azakan AptA AptArI AptAraH luTU zaktA zaktArI zakkAraH ApyAt ApyAstAm ApyAsuH Alika zakyAt zakyAstAm zakyAsu Apsyat ApsyatAm Apsyan la azaSyat azakSyatAm azaSyan

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tudAdi-sud, Sic, liba, iS] 1. vyAkaraNa asiJcat asiJcatAma asiJcan pra. asiJcata asiJcetAm asiJcanta asivaH asiJcatam asiJcata ma. asiJcayAH asimveSAm asiJcadhvam asicam asicAva asiJcAma u0 asiJce asicAvahi asicAmahi sekSyati sekSyataH sekSyanti pra0 sekSyate sekSyete sekSyante sekSyasi sekSyathaH sekSyatha ma0 sekSyase sekSyethe sekSyadhve sekSyAmi sekSyAvaH sekSyAmaH u0 sekSye sekSyAvahe sekyAmahe lod siJcatu-tAt siJcatAm siJcantu pra. siJcatAm siJcetAm siJcantAm siJca-sAn siJcatam siJcata ma0 siscasva siJcethAm siJcadhvam sincAni siJcAva siJcAma u0 siJca sicAvahai. siJcAmahai saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa __ parasmaipada laT Atmanepada tudati tubataH tudanti pra0 tudate tudete tudante tudasi tudayaH / tudatha ma0 nudase tudethe tudadhve tudAmi tudAvaH tudAmaH u0 tude tudAvahe tudAmahe lakU atudat atudatAm atudan pra0 atudata atudetAm atudanta atuda atudatam atudata ma0 atudathAH atu dethAm atudadhvam atuvam atudAva atudAma u. atude atudAvahi atudAmahi laTa totsyati totsyataH totsyanti pra0 tolsyate totsyete totsyanta totsyasi totsyathaH totsyatha ma0 totsyase totsyethe totsyadhvaM topAmi totsyAvaH tolyAmaH u0 totsya totsyAvahe torasyAmahe loT tudatu-tAn tudatAm tudantu pra. tudatAm tudetAm tudantAm tuda-tAt tudatam tudatama. tudasva tudethAm tadadhvam tudAni tudAva tudAma u0 tu tudAvahai tudAmahai vidhilika tude tudetAm tudeyuH pra0 tudeta tudeyAtAm tuderan tudeH tudetam tudeta ma. tudeyAH tudeyAthAm tudedhvam tudeyam tudeva tuma u0 tudeya tudevahi tumahi pic>si (sIMcanA) u0, saka0, aniT parasmaipada laT Atmanepada simpati siJcataH siJcanti pra0 siJcate siJcete siJcante siJcasi siJcayaH sitha ma. siJcase siJcethe siJcadhye siJcAmi siJcAvaH siJcAmaH u0 siJce siJcAbahe siJcAmahe 1. 'pic' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra0 pu0 ke donoM padoM ke rUpa-- siSeca siSicataH siSicuH lida siSice sivicAte siricire asivan asicatAm asican luGa asivata(asikta) asicetAm asicanta sektA sektArI sektAraH laT sektA sektArI sektAra siyAt sicyAstAm sicyAsuH Alika sikSISTa sikSIyAstAm sikSIram asekyat asekSyatAm asekSyan lA asekSyata asekSyetAm asekSyanta siJcet sitAm siJca yuH pra. siJceta siJceyAtAm siJcaran simpaH siJcatam siJceta mA siJcethAH simyeyAthAm siJcadhvam sidhvayam siJceva siJcema u0 siJceya siJcevahi siJcemahi likha (likhanA ) pa0, saka0, seT iSa' (icchA karanA) pa0, aka0, seTa . laT likhati likhataH likhanti pra0 icchati icchataH icchanti likhasi likhathaH likhatha ma icchasi icchathaH icchatha likhAmi likhAvaH likhAmaH' u0 icchAmi icchAvaH icchAmaH alikhat alikhatAm alikhan pra. aigchan aicchatAm aicchan alikhaH alikhatam alikhata ma0 aicchaH aicchatam aicchata alikham alikhAva alikhAma u0 aicchama aicchAva aicchAma 1. 'likh' aura 'ip' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra. pu0 ke rUpalilekha lilikhanuH' 'lilikhuH liT iyeSa ISatuH ISuH / alekhIt alekhiSTAm alekhiSuH lucha aiSIt aiSiSTAm aiSiSuH / / lekhitA lekhitArI lekhitAraH luT eSitA,eSTA eSitArau,eSTArI epitAraH,eSTAraH likhyAt likhyAstAm likhyAsuH A0 licha, iSyAt iSyAstAm dhyAsuH alebiSyana alekhidhyatAm alekhiSyan la aiSiSyat aiSipyatAm aiSiSyan

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146] saMskRta-pravezikA [10:dhAturUpa tudAdi-mRG, pRccha; rudhAdi-rudhir] 1 : vyAkaraNa [147 luT lekhidhyati lekhiSyataH lekhiSyanti pra0 eSiSyati eSiSyataH eSiSyanti lekhiSyasi lekhiSyathaH lebiSyatha ma0 eSiSyasi eSiSyathaH eSiSyatha lekhiSyAmi lekhiSyAvaH lekhiSyAmaH u0 eSiSyAmi eSiSyAva: eSiSyAmaH loTa likhatu likhatAm likhantu pra0 icchatu icchatAm icchantu likha likhatam likhata ma0 iccha icchatam icchta likhAni likhAva likhAma u0 icchAniicchAva icchAma vidhiliGa likhe na likhetAm likheyuH pra0 icchet icchetAm iccheyuH likhe likhetam likheta ma0 icche: icchetam iccheta likheyam likheva likhema u. iccheyam iccheva icchema mRcha' (maranA) A0, aka0, aniT pracch' (pUchanA) pa0, saka0, aniT (lUTa, liT, luT aura luG meM parasmaipada) (sArvadhAtuka meM praccha' ko 'pRccha' ) mariSyasi mariSyathaH mariSyatha ma0 prakSyasi pratyayaH / prakSyatha mariSyAmi mariSyAvaH mariSyAmaH u0 prakSyAmi prakSyAvaH prakSyAmaH loTa mriyeta mriyetAm mriyeran pra0 pRcchatu pRcchatAm pRcchantu niyethAH niyeyAthAm mriyedhvam ma. pRccha pRcchatam pRcchata niyeya niyevahi mriyemahi u0 pRcchAni pRcchAva pRcchAma vidhiliG niyatAm mriyetAm niyantAm pra0 pRcchet pucchetAm pRcchepuH niyasva mriyethAm mriyadhvam ma0 pRccheH pRcchetam pRccheta niya mriyAvahai mriyAmahai u0 pRccheyam pRccheva pRcchema (7) rudhAdi gaNa' rudhira>rudh (rokanA) u0, dvikarmaka, aniTa parasmaipada laT Atmanepada ruNaddhi runddhaH rundhanti pra0 runddha rundhAte rundhate ruNasi runddhaH ruddha ma0 runtse rundhAthe rumve ruNadhima runhamA u0 rundhe randhvahe rundhmahe mriyate niyete niyante pra0 pRcchati niyase mriyethe niyadhve ma. pRcchasi niye niyAvahe mriyAmahe u0 pRcchAmi pRcchataH pRcchanti pRcchathaH pRcchatha pRcchAvaH pRcchAmaH laka aruNat-d aruNaH aruNadham aruntAm arunddham arudhan pra0 arUddha arundhAtAm arundhata arunddha ma0 arundAH arundhAthAm / arunddhanam arundhma u0 arundhi arundhvahi arundhamahi amriyata aniyetAm amriyanta pra0 apRcchat apRcchatAm apRcchan amriyathAH aniyethAm amriyadhvam ma0 apRcchaH apRcchatam apRcchata amriye amriyAvahi amriyAmahi u0 apRccham apRcchAva apRcchAma rotsyati rolsyataH rotsyanti pra. rotsyate rotsyate rotsyante mariSyati mariSyataH mariSyanti pra0 prakSyati prakSyataH prakSyanti 1. 'mRGa" aura 'praccha' dhAtuoM ke zeSa lakAroM meM pra. pu. ke rUpamamAra, mamratuH mamraH liT papraccha papracchatuH amRta amRSAtAm amRSata luGa aprAkSIt aprANTAm aprAkSuH martA mArI mAraH luT praSTA' praSTArI praSTAraH mRSISTa mRSIyAstAm mRSIran A0liGa pRcchacAt pRcchavAstAm pRcchayAsuH / amariSyat amariSyatAm amariSyan tuma aprakSyat aprakSyatAm aprakSyanU .. 1. isa gaNa meM 25 dhAtuyeM haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM-(1)dhAtu ke prathama svara ke bAda 'na' yA 'n' (znam) jur3atA hai| (2) sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM guNa nahIM hotA hai| 2. 'rudhira' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM ke donoM padoM meM pra0 pu0 ke rUpasarodha rurudhatuH rurudhuH liT sAdhe rurudhAte rurudhire arudhan (arotsIt) arudhatAm arudhan luru aruddha arutsAtAm arutsata rodA roddhArI roddhAraH luT roddhA roddhArI rodvAraH madhyAt dhyAstAm sadhyAsuH A0lika rutsISTa rutsIyAstAm yatsIran bharotsyan arotsyatAm arotsyan luGa arotsthata arotsyetAm aroraNAta

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148] saMskRta-pravezikA [10: dhAturUpa rughAdi-yujir, bhuj ] 1.vyAkaraNa [146 rotsyasi rotsyathaH rotsyatha ma. rotsyase rotsyethe rotsyAmi rotsyAvaH rotsyAmaH u0 rotsye rotsyAvahe rotsyadhve rotsyAmahe loda rugdhatAm loTa yunaktu yuGktAm yuJjantu pra0 yuGktAm yujAtAm yuJjatAm yugdhi yuktam yukta ma. yuzva yuAyAm yudhvam yunajAni yunajAva yunajAma u0 yunaje yunajAvahe yunajAmahai vidhiliGa yuJjyAt gujyAtAm yujyuH pra0 yujIta yukSIyAtAm yukSIran yujyAH yujyAtam yujyAta ma0 yuJjIthAH yujhIyAthAm yuJjIdhvam yujyAm yujyAva yuddhyAma u0 yuJjIya yuddhIvahi yuddhImahi bhuj' (pAlana karanA) pa0, saka0, aniT bhuj' (bhojana karanA) A0, saka0,0 laT bhunakti bhuGktaH . bhuJjanti pra0 bhuGkte bhuJjate bhukthaH bhukya - ma0 mujhe bhuAthe bhumadhye bhunajmi bhuvaH bhujamA u0 bhuje bhujvahe bhujmahe ruNanu runtAt rugvAm rundhantu pra0 runtAm rundhAtAm / runddhinddhAt runddham ruddha ma. rugtsva rundhAthAm runchavam ruNadhAni ruNadhAva ruNadhAma u0 ruNadhai ruNadhAvahai raNadhAmahai vidhiliGa rundhyAt dhyAtAm rundhyuH pra0 rundhIta sandhIyAtAm sandhIran rundhyAH sandhyAtam sandhyAta ma0 rundhIthAH runSIyAdhAm handhIdhvam rundhyAm handhyAva rundhyAma u0 rundhIya sandhIvahi sandhImahi yuji>yuja' (milAnA, laganA) u0, saka0, aniTa parasmaipada Atmanepada yunakti yuGktaH yuddhanti pra0 yukte yuAte yuddhate yunakSi yuvathaH yukya ma0 yujhe yuJjAthe yugve yunajmi yuvA yujmaH u0 yuje yujvahe yujmahe laGa ayunak ayuGktAm ayuJjan pra0 ayukta ayujAtAm ayuAta ayunak ayuGktam ayukta ma. ayukthAH ayutAyAm ayugdhvam ayunajam athujva ayujma u0 ayukSi ayujvahi ayujmahi mujAte lA abhunak abhuGktAm abhunak abhuktam abhunajam abhujya abhuJjan pa0 abhuGkta abhujAtAm - abhuJjata abhuGkta ga0 abhukthAH abhumAyAm abhugdhvam abhujma u0 abhukSi abhujvahi abhujmahi luTUM bhokSyanti pra. bhokSyate bhokSyete bhokSyante bhokSyatha ma. bhokSyase bhokSyethe bhokSyadhve bhokSyAmaH u. bhokSye bhokSyAvahe bhokSyAmahe bhokSyati bhokyataH bhokSyasi bhokSyathaH bhokSyAni bhokSyAvaH loTU yodhayati yokSyataH yokSyanti pra0 yokSyate yodayete yokSyante yokSyasi yokSyathaH yokSyatha ma yokSyase yodhyethe yodayadhve yokSyAmi yokSyAvaH yokSyAmaH u0 yAvara yokSyAvahe yokSyAmahe 1. 'yujira' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM ) pra. pu0 ke rUpayuyoja yuyujatuH yuyujuH liT yuyuje yuyujAte yuyujire ayokSIt ayoktAm ayokSuH luk ayukta ayukSAtAm ayukSata yoktA yoktArau yoktAraH luTU yoktA yoktArau yoktAraH yujyAta yujyAstAm yujyAsuH A0 lis yukSISTa yukSIyAstAm yukSIran / ayokSyat ayodhyatAm ayokSyan luG ayokSyata ayodhyetAm ayodhayanta bhunaktu bhuktAm bhuJjantu pra0 bhuktAm mukhAtAm bhugatAm mugdhi bhuGktam bhuGkta ma0 bhuva bhutAthAm bhugdhvam bhunajAni bhunajAva bhunajAma u. bhuna bhu najAvahai bhunajAmahe 1. 'bhuj' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM) pra. pu. ke rUpabubhoja bubhujatuH bubhujuH liT bubhuje bubhujAte bubhujire abhaukSIt abhauktAm abhaukSuH lu abhukta abhukSAtAm abhukSata bhoktA bhoktArau bhoktAraH lad bhoktA moktArI bhoktAra bhujyAta bhuNyAstAm bhujyAsuH A0lika bhukSISTa bhukSIyAstAm bhukSIran abhokSyat abhISyatAm abhokSyan lura abhokSyata abhokSyetAm bhabhokSyanta

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150] saMskRta-pravezikA [10: dhAturUpa vidhilika mujyAt bhujyAtAm bhujyuH pra. bhuJjIta bhuJjIyAtAm bhukIran bhujyAH bhujyAtam bhujyAta ma bhuJjIthAH bhujIyAthAm bhujIdhvam bhujyAm bhujyAva bhujyAma u0 bhujIya bhuJjIvahi bhujjImahi (8) tanAdi gaNa' tanu'>tam (phailAnA ) u0, saka0, seTa parasmaipada laT / Atmanepada tanoti tanutaH tanvanti pra0 tanute tanvAte tanvate tanoSi tanuyaH tanutha ma0 tanuSe tanvAthe tanu ve tanomi tanuvA-gvaH tanumA-maH u0 tanve tanuvahe-nvahe tanumahe mahe tanAdi-tanu, kR] 1 : vyAkaraNa [151 vidhiliG tanuyAt tanuyAtAm tanuyuH pra0 tanvIta tanvIyAtAm tanvIranu tanuyAH tanuyAtam tanuyAta ma0 tanvIthAH tanvIyAyAm tanvIdhvam tanuyAm tanuyAva tanuyAma u0 tanvIya tanvIvahi tanvImahi kR (karanA) u0, saka0, seTa parasmaipada Atmanepada . karoti kurutaH kurvanti pra0 kurute kurvAte kurvate karoSi kuruthaH kurutha ma kuruSekuthi kuruSve karomi kurvaH kurmaH u0 ku kurvahe kurmahe akarot akurutAm akaroH akurutam akaravam akurva akurvan akuruta akurma pra akuruta ma0 akuruthAH u. akurvi akurvAtAm akurvata akuryAthAm akurudhvam akurvahi akurmahi / atanot atano atanavam atanutAm atamvan pra. atanuta atanvAtAm atambata atanutam atanuta ma0 atanuthAH atanvAthAm atanudhvam atanuva-nva atanuma-nma u0 atanvi atanuvahi-mvahi atan(nu) mahi taniSyati tanidhyataH taniSyanti pra0 taniSyate taniSyete taniSyante taniSyasi taniSyathaH tanidhyatha ma0 taniSyase taniSyethe taniSyadhve taniSyAmi taniSyAvaH taniSyAmaH u0 taniSye taniSyAvahe taniSyAmahe loTa tanotu,tanutAt tanutAm tanvantu pra. tanutAm tanvAtAm tanvatAm tanu,tanutAt tanutam sanutaH ma tanuSva tanvAthAm tanudhvam tanavAni tanavAda tanavAma u0 tanava tanavAvahai tanavAmahai 1. isa gaNa meM 10 dhAtuyeM haiM / isameM dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'u'hotA hai| 2. 'tanu' pAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM ) pra0 pu. ke rUpatatAna tenaduH tenuH liT tene tenAte tenire atAnIva(atanIt) atAniSTAm atAniSuH luG atata(ataniSTha) ataniSAtAm ataniSata tanitA tanitArI tanitAraH luT tanitA / tanitArau tanitAraH tanyAta tanyAstAm tanyAsuH A0 lie taniSISTa taniSIyAstAm taniSIran ataniSyat ataniSyatAm ataniSyan lucha ataniSyata ataniSpetAm ataniSyanta kariSyati kariSyataH kariSyanti pra. kariSyate kariSyete kariSyante kariSyasi kariSyathaH kariSyatha ma. kariSyase kariSyethe kariSyadhye kariSyAmi kariSyAvaH kariSyAmaH u. kariSye kariSyAvahe kariSyAmahe loT karotu,kurutAt kurutAm kurvantu pra. kurutAm kurvAtAm kurvatAm kuru-tAt kurutam kuruta ma. kuruSva kurvAthAm kurudhvam karavANi karavAva karavAma u0 karavai karavAvahai karavAmahai vidhilika kuryAt kuryAtAm kuryuH pra. kurvIta kurvIyAtAm kurvIran kuryAH kuryAtam kuryAta ma kurvIthAH kurvIyAthAm kurvIdhvam kuryAt kuryAva kuryAma u0 kurvIya kurvIvahi kurbImahi 1. 'kR' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM)pra0pu0 ke rUpa cakAra vakratuH caka: liT cakra cakrAte cakrire akArSIt akASTAm akArSuH luGa akRta akRSAtAm akRSata kartA kartArau kartAraH luT kartA kartArau kartAraH kriyAt kriyAstAm kriyAsuH AliGa kRSISTa kRSIyAstAm kaSIraNa akariSyat akariSyatAm akariSyan luka akariSyata 'akariSyetAm makAna

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152] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : ghAturUpa (9) krayAdi gaNa' DukIbkI (kharIda-bikrI karanA ) u0, saka0, aniT / parasmaipada laT Atmanepada krINAti krINItaH krINantiH pra. krINIte krINAte krINate krINAsi krINIyaH krINIya ma0 krINIpe krINAthe krINIdhve krINAmi __ krINIvaH kroNImaH u0 krINe krINIbahe krINImahe krayAdi-krI, pUJ] 1: vyAkaraNa [153 krINIyAH krINIyAtam krINIyAta ma. krINIthAH krINIyAthAm krINIdhvam krINIyAm krINIyAva krINIyAma u0 krINIya krINIvahi krINImahi - pUc>pU (pavitra karanA ) u0, sa0, seT parasmaipada Atmanepada punItaH punanti pra. puniite| punAte punate punAsi punIthaH punISa ma. punISe punAthe punIdhve punAmi punIvaH punImaH u0 pune punIvahe punImahe laGa apunAt apunItAm apunan pra. apunIta apunAtAm apunata apunAH apunItam apunIta ma. apunIyAH apunAthAm apunIdhvam apunAm apunIva apunIma u0 apuni apunIvahi apunImahi akrINAt akrINAH akrINAm akrINItAm akroNa pra0 akrINIta akrINAtAm akroNata akrINItam akrINIta ma0 akroNIthAH akrINAyAm akrINIdhvam akrINIva akrINIma u0 akrINi akrINIyahi akrINImahi Syati dhyataH RSyanti pra0 kreSyate kreSyasi RSyathaH RSyatha ma RSyase kroSyAmi RSyAvaH RSyAmaH u0 RSye dhyete RSyante yethe RSyadhve veSyAvahe RSyAmahe loTU paviSyati paviSyataH paviSyanti pra0 paviSyate paviSyete paviSyante paviSyasi paviSyathaH paviSyatha ma. paviSyase paviSyethe paviSyadhve paviSyAmi paviSyAvaH paviSyAmaH u0 paviSye paviSyAvahe paviSyAmahe krINAtu,krINItAt krINItAm krINantu pra. krINItAm krINAtAm krINatAm krINIhi,krINItAt krINItam krINIta ma0 krINISva krINAthAm krINIdhvam kroNAni krIgAva krINAma u0 krINa krINAvahai krINAmahe vidhiliGa krINIyAt krINIyAtAm krINIyuH pra. krINIta krINIyAtAm krINIran / 1. isa gaNa meM 61 dhAtuyeM haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM-(1) dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'nA' (znA) jur3atA hai, jo kahIM 'mI' aura kahIM 'na' ho jAtA hai| (2) upadhA meM yadi anunAsika varNa ho to usakA lopa ho jAtA hai| (3) ajanArata dhAtuoM ke loT lakAra ke ma0pu0 ekavacana meM 'hi' ke sthAna para 'Ana' hotA hai| 2. 'krI' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM)pra0 pu0 ke rUpacikrAya cikriyatuH cikriyuH liT cikriye cikriyAte cikriyire akravIt 'akraSTAm arkaSuH luGa akroSTa aveSAtAm akreSata kretArI kretAraH luT kretA kretArI ketAraH krIyAt krIyAstAm krIyAsuH A0likveSISTa keSIyAstAm RSIran akreSyat akreSyatAm akraSyan luka akariSyata akariSyetAm akariSyanta punAtu,punItA punItAm punantu pra. punItAm punAtAm punatAm punIhi punItAt punItam punIta ma. punISva punAthAm punIdhvam punAni punAva punAma u0 purna punAva punAmahai vidhiliGa punIyAt punIyAtAm punIyuH pra. punIta punIyAtAm .. punIran punIyAH punIyAtam punISAta ma. punIthAH punIyAthAm punIdhvam punIyAm punIyAva punIyAma u0 punIya punIvahi punImahi 1. 'pU' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM ( donoM padoM meM ) pra0 pu0 ke rUpapupAva pupuvatuH pupuvuH liT pupuve . pupuvAte pupubire apAvIt apAviSTAm apaviSuH luGa apaviSTa apaviSAtAm apaviSata pavitA pavitArI pavitAraH luT pRvitA pavitArI pavitAraH pUyAt pUyAstAm pUyAsuH AliGa paviSISTa paviSIyAstAm paviSIrana apaviSyat apaviSyatAm apaviSyan luGa. apaviSyata apaviSyetAm apaviSyAta

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1 154] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : cAturUpa jJA' (jAnanA ) u0, saka0, aniT ( sArvadhAtuka meM 'jJA' ko 'jA' Adeza) parasmaipada laT Atmanepada jAnAti. jAnItaH jAnanti pra. jAnIte jAnAle jAnate jAnAsi jAnIya: jAnItha ma. jAnISe jAnAye jAnIdhve jAnAmi jAnIvaH jAnImaH u0 jAne jAnIvahe jAnImahe / * RyAdi-jJA, graha ] 1: vyAkaraNa parasmaipada laT bhAtmanepada vRhNAti gRhItaH gRhanti pra0 gahvIte gRhmAte galate gRhAsi gRhIthaH gRhNIya ma. gRhIye gRhAthe gRhNIdhve gRhNAmi gRhIvaH gRhImaH u0 gRhe gRhNIvahe gRhNImahe laG ahAt agRhItAm agRhun pra0 agRhIta agRhAtAm agRhRta agRha agRhItam agRhIta ma0 apahIthAH agRhAthAm allIdhvam agrahAm agRhIva agRhIma u0 agRhi agRhIvahi agRhImahi ajAnAt ajAnAH ajAnAm ajAnItAm ajAnan pra. ajAnIta ajAnAtAm ajAnata bajAnItam ajAnIta ma0 ajAnIthAH ajAnAthAm ajAnIdhvam ajAnIva ajAmIma u. ajAni ajAnIvahi ajAnImahi luT jJAsyati zAsvataH zAsyanti pra0 jnyaasyte| jJAsyete jJAsyante jJAsyasi jJAsyathaH / jJAsyatha ma. jJAsyase / zAsyethe jJAsyadhve jJAsyAmi jJAsyAbaH jJAsyAmaH u. jJAsye zAstrAvahe jJAsyAmahe jAnAtu.jAnItAt jAnItAm jAnantu pra. jAnItAm jAnAtAm jAnatAm jAnIhi,jAnItAt jAnItam jAnIta ma. jAnIva jAnAthAm jAnIyA jAnAni jAnAva jAnAma u. jAne jAnA jAnAmahai vidhiliGa jAnI mAt jAnIyAtAm jAnIyuH pra0 jAnIta jAnIyAtAm jAnIran jAnIyAH jAnIyAtam jAnIyAta ma. jAnIthAH jAnIyAthAm jAnIdhvam jAnIyAm jAnIyAva jAnIyAma u0 jAnIya jAnIvahi jAnImahi praha' (pakar3anA, lenA) u0, saka0, seT / sArvadhAtuka meM 'graha' ko 'gRha') 1. 'jJA' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM ) pra0e0 ke rUpajo jajJatuH jajuH liT jajJe jajJAte jajJire ajJAsIna ajJAsiSTAm ajJAsiSuH luGa ajJAsta azAsAtAna ajJAsata jJAtA jJAtArI jJAtAraH luT jJAtA jJAtArI jJAtAraH / jJAyAt (jJeyAt) jJAyAstAm jJAyAsuH AliGa, jJAsISTa jJAsIyAstAm jJAsIran ajJAsyat ajJAsyatAm ajJAsyan luGa ajJAsyata ajJAsyetAm ajJAsyanta 2. 'graha dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM) pra. pu. ke rUpajagrAha jagahatuH jagRhuH liT jagRhe jahAte jagRhire agrahIta agrahISTAm agrahISuH luGa agrahISTa agrahISAtAm agrahISata grahISyati grahISyataH grahISyanti pra0 grahISyate grahIyete grahISyante grahISyasi grahISyathaH grahISyatha ma. grahISyase grahISyethe grahISyadhve grahISyAmi ahISyAvaH grahISyAmaH u0 grahISye grahISyAvahe grahISyAmahe loTa gRhAtu,gRhItAt gRhItAm gRhantu pra0 gRhItAm gRhAtAm gRhRtAn gRhANa,gallItAt gRllItam gRhIta ma hISya gRhAthAm gRhahIdhvam gRhAni gRhAva gRhNAma u0 gRha gRlAvahai gRhAmahai vidhiliGga gRhopAt gRhNIyAtAm gRhIyuH pra0 gRhIta gRhIyAtAm gRhIran gRhIyAH gRhNIyAtam gRhIyAta ma. gRhIthAH gRhIyAthAm gRhItram gRhNIyAm gRhIyAva gRhIyAma u0 gRhNIya gRhodahi gRhImahi (10) curAdi gaNa' grahItA grahItArau grahItAraH luT grahItA grahItArau grahItAraH yahyAt gRhmAstAm gRhyAsuH AliGagrahISISTa grahISIyAstAm grahISIran agrahISyat bhagrahISyatAm agrahISyan luGa agrahISyata agrahISyetAm agrahISyanta 1. isa gaNa meM 411 dhAtu haiN| isa gaNa kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM-(1) dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'ay' (Nic ) jur3atA hai| (2) dhAtu ke antima svara (i, I, u, U, R, R) ko vRddhi / (3) kath, gaNa raca Adi kucha dhAtuoM ko chor3akara anyatra upadhA ke svara (i, u, R) ko guNa (e, o, ara) ho jAtA hai| (4) yadi upadhA meM 'a' ho to use guNa nahIM hogA apitu vRddhi hogii| (5) sabhI dhAtuyeM 'ubhayapadI' tathA 'seTa' hotI haiM /

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[10 : dhAturUpa , 156 ] saMskRta-pravezikA cura' (curAnA) u0, saka0, seTa parasmaipada laT corayati corayataH corayanti pra0 caurayate corayasi porayathaH corayatha ma0 corayase corayAmi corayAvaH corayAmaH u0 coraye curAdi-cur, gaNa, kath ] 1: vyAkaraNa [157 parasmaipada Atmanepada gaNayati gaNayataH gaNayanti pra0 gaNayate / gaNayete gaNayante gaNayasi gaNayathaH gaNayatha ma. gaNayase gaNayethe gaNayadhve gaNayAmi gaNayAvaH gaNayAmaH u0 gaNaye gaNayAvahe gaNayAmahe Atmanepada corayete corayante corayethe porayadhve corayAvahe corayAmahe agaNayat agaNayaH agaNayam agaNayatAm agaNayan pra. agaNayata agaNayetAm agaNayanta agaNayatam agaNayata ma0 agaNayathAH agaNayethAm agaNayadhvam agaNayAva agaNayAma u0 agaNaye agaNayAvahi agaNayAmahi acorayat acorayatAm acorayan pra0 acorayata acorayetAm acorayanta acorayaH acorayatam acorayata ma0 acorayathAH acorayethAm acoragadhvam acorayam acorayAva acorayAma u0 acoraye acorayAvahi acorayAmahi laT corayiSyati corayiSyataH corayiSyanti pra. corayiSyate corayiSyete corayiSyante corayiSyasi caurayiSyathaH corayiSyatha ma0 caurayiSyase corayiSyethe caurayiSyadhve caurayiSyAmi corayiSyAvaH corayiSyAmaH u0 corayiSye corayiSyAvahe corayiSyAmahe loT corayatu-tAt corayatAm corayantu pra. corayatAm corayetAm corayantAm coraya-tAt corayatam corayata bha0 corayasva coravethAm corayadhvam corayANi corayAva corayAma u0 corayai corayAvahai corayAmahe vidhilika corayet corayetAm corayeyuH pra0 corayeta corayeyAtAm corayeran corayaH corayetam corayeta ma. corayathAH corayeyAthAm ghorayadhvam corayeyam corayeva corayema u0 corayeya corayavAhi corayemahi gaNa (ginanA) u0, saka0, seT 1. 'cur' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM ( donoM padoM meM ) pra0 pu0 ke rUpacorayAmAsa corayAmAsatuH corayAmAsuHliTa caurayAJcakre corayAJcakrAte corayAzcakri acUcurasa acUpuratAm acUcuran lucha acUcurata acUcuretAm acUcaranta corapitA corapitArI corathitAra luT corayitA corapitArI porayitAraH corthAt coryAstAm coryAsuH AliGa corayiSISTa corayiSIyAstAm corayiSIrana acorayiSyat acorayiSyatAm yiSyan lucha acorayiSyata yiSyetAm yiSyanta 2. 'gaNa' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM ) pra.pu. ke rUpagaNayAmAsa gaNayAmAsatuH gaNayAmAsH liTa gaNayAJcakre (gaNayAmbabhUva,gaNayAmAsa) ajI (aja) gaNata ajIgaNatAm ajIgaNan luka ajIgaNata(ajagaNata) gaNetAm gaNanta gaNiSyati gaNiSyataH gaNiSyanti pra0 gaNayiSyate gaNayiSyete gaNayiSyante gaNiSyasi gaNiSyayaH gaNiSyaya ma0 gaNayiSyase gaNayiSyethe gaNayiSyadhye gamiSyAmi gaNiSyAvaH gaNiSyAmaH u0 gaNayiSye gaNaviSyAvahe gaNayiSyAmahe loTU praNayatu-tAt gaNayatAm gaNayantu pra. gaNayatAm gaNayetAm gaNayantAm gaNaya-tAt gaNayatam gaNayata ma. gaNayasva gaNayethAm gaNayadhvam gaNayAni gaNayAva gaNayAma u0 gaNaya gaNayAvahai gaNayAmahai vidhilika gaNavet gaNayetAm gaNayeyuH pra. gaNayeta gaNayeyAtAm gaNayaran gaNayaH gaNayetam gaNayeta ma. gaNayethAH gaNayeyAthAm gaNayadhvam gaNayeyam gaNayeva gaNayema u0 gaNayeya gaNayevahi gaNayemahi ___ kath' (kahanA) u0, saka0, seTa gaNayitA gaNapitArI gaNayitAraH luT gaNayitA gaNayitArau gaNayitAraH gaNyAta gaNyAstAm gaNyAsuH A0lika gaNayiSISTa 0dhIyAstAm yiSIrana agaNayiSyat yiSyatAm agaNa yiSyan luGa agaNayiSyata yiSyetAm agaNayiSyanta 1. 'katha' dhAtu ke zeSa lakAroM meM (donoM padoM meM)pra0pu0ke rUpakathayAmAsa ) kathayAmAsatuH kathayAmAsuH liT kathayAmAsa mAsatuH mAsuH kayavAcakAra kathayAJcakratuH kathayAcakaH kathayAcakre pakrAtecakrire kathayAmbabhUva ) kathayAmbabhUvatuH kathayAmbabhUvaH kathayAmbabhUva babhUvatuH babhUvuH vizeSa-bhas', 'kR' aura 'bhU kI trh| acakayat acakathatAm acakavan luG acakathata acakavetAm acakacanta kathayitA kathayitArI kathayitAraH luT kathayitA kathayitArI kathayitAraH / kathyAt kathyAstAm kathyAsuH A0liG kathayiSISTa kathayiSIyAstAm kathayiSIran makathayiSyat akathayiSyatAm akathayiSyan lA akayayiSyata yi ghetAm akathayiSyanta

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lad 158] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : dhAturUpa parasmaipada Atmanepada kathayati kathayataH / kathayanti pra. kathayate kathayanteM kathayasi kathayathaH kathayatha ma0 kathayase kathayethe kathayadhve kathayAmikathayAvaH kathayAmaH 0 kathaye kathayAvahe kathayAmahe laGa akathayat akathayatAm akathayan pra0 akathayata akathayetAm akathayanta akathayaH akathayatam akathayata ma0 akathayathAH akathayethAm kathayadhvam akathayam akathayAva akathayAma u0 akayaye akathayAvahi akabarAmahi kathayiSyati kathayiSyataH kathayiSyanti pra0 kathayiSyate kathayiSyete kathayiSyante kathayiSyasi kathayiSyathaH kathayiSyatha ma kathayiSyase kathayiSyethe kathayiSyadhve kathayiSyAmi kathayiSyAvaH kathayiSyAmaH u0 kathayiSye kathayiSyAvahe kathayiSyAmahe loTU bhAga 2: anuvAda' ( Translation ) pATha 1 : sAmAnya vartamAna kAla ( Present Tense) udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'laT lakAra kA prayoga ](ka) prathama puruSa-puMlliGga strIliGga 1. vaha hai % saH asti| sA asti| tad asti / 2. ve donoM haiM to stH| testaH / te stH| 3. ve saba haiM-te santi / tAH santi / tAni santi / (kha) madhyama puruSa (tInoM liGgoM meM) (ga) uttama puruSa (tInoM liGgoM meM ) 4. tuma ho tvam asi / 7. mai hU~aham asmi / 5. tuma donoM ho yuvAM sthH| 8. hama donoM haiM = AvA svaH / 6. tuma saba ho = yUyaM sth| hama saba haiM - vayaM smaH / (gha) anya prayoga 10. sItA jAtI hai = sautA gaNchati / 11. rameza par3hatA hai - ramezaH paThati / 12. ve donoM khelate haiM = tau krIDataH / 13. hama donoM likhate haiM = AvAM likhAvaH / 14. tuma haMsate ho = tvaM hasasi / 15. tuma saba daur3ate ho = yUyaM dhAvatha / niyama-1. kriyA kartA ke puruSa aura vacana ke anusAra hotI hai| 2. kartA ke liGga kA kriyA para asara nahIM par3atA hai| 3. 'asamad' aura, yuSmad' zabdoM ke rUpa tInoM liGgoM meM samAna hote haiN| 4. sAmAnya vartamAnakAla meM laT lakAra kI kriyA hotI hai|' kathayatu-tAt kathayatAm kaSaya-tAt kathayatam kathayAni kathayAva kathayantu pra0 kapayatAm kathayetAm kathayantAm kathayata ma kathayasva kathayethAm kathayadhvam kathayAma u0 kathaya kathayAvahai kathayAmahai vidhilika kathayeyuH pra. kathayeta kathayeyAtAm kathayeran kathayeta ma. kathayethAH kathayeyAthAm kathayedhvam kathayema u0 kathayeya kathayevahi kathayemahi kathayet kathayetAm kayayeH kathayetana kathayeyam kathayeva 1. kisI bhASA ke zabdoM evaM vicAroM ko bhASAntara meM badalanA anuvAda hai / bhAva hIna kevala zabdAnuvAda kabhI-kabhI hAsyAspada ho jAtA hai| jaise-vaha mu~ha dekhI karatA hai saH mukhaM dRSTvA karoti / isake sthAna para 'pakSapAtaM karoti saH' aisA anuvAda kareM / aGga-aGga meM javAnI bhara gaI aGgeSu yauvanaM sannaddham / 2. 'laT lakAra kA prayoga zAzvata satya yA vastu ke svabhAva ko sUcita karane ke lie (jaise-kiM ki na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyaa| nadyaH pravahanti ) tathA

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160] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha:1 5. hamezA 'subanta' aura 'tiGanta' padoM kA hI prayoga kreN| 'sup' yA 'tiG' pratyayoM kA tathA 'sup' yA 'tiG' se rahita zabdoM (prAtipadikoM yA dhAtuoM) kA bhUlakara bhI prayoga na kreN| 6. padAnta 'm' ke bAda yadi koI vyaJjana varNa ho to usakA anusvAra kara denA cAhiye, svara varNa ke bAda meM hone para nahIM / 7. sabhI saMjJA pada pra0 pu0 meM hote haiM / ataH unake sAtha kriyA bhI pra0 pu. kI hI hotI hai|| abhyAsa 1-pustakeM haiM / gItA khelatI hai / manuSya haMsate haiM / ve donoM par3hate haiN| tuma jAte ho| hama saba gAte haiM / maiM likhatA huuN| ve saba girate haiM / sureza daur3atA hai| ve saba jAtI haiN| hama saba sote haiN| sItA hai| pATha 2: sAmAnya vartamAnakAla ( Present Indefinite Tense) udAharaNa-vAkya [ vibhaktiyoM kA sAmAnya prayoga 1. sItA pustaka likhatI hai- sItA pustakaM likhati / 2. bAlaka geMda se khelate haiM -bAlakAH kandukema krIDanti / 3. vaha brAhmaNa ke lie dhana detA hai saH brAhmaNAya dhanaM dadAti / 4. mohana per3a para se giratA hai = mohano vRkSAt patati / 5. maiM rAma kI pustaka par3hatA hU~= ahaM rAmasya pustakaM paThAmi / 6. vizvavidyAlaya meM chAtra par3hate haiM -vizvavidyAlaye chAtrAH paThanti / 7. he rAma! tuma kaho jAte ho-he rAma ! tvam kutra gacchasi ? 8. kyA vaha pustakeM le jAtA hai % kiM saH pustakAni nayati ? - 6. maiM pustaka nahIM par3hatA hU~ = ahaM pustakaM na paThAmi / 10. sItA per3a para se nahIM giratI hai % sItA vRkSAt na patati / niyama-- [kartRvAcya ke kartA meM prathamA, [kartRvAcya ke] karma meM dvitIyA, karaNa meN| tRtIyA, sampradAna meM caturthI, apAdAna meM paJcamI, sambandha meM SaSThI aura adhikaraNa (AdhAra) meM saptamI vibhakti hotI hai| ... niSedhavAcaka (Negative) aura praznavAcaka (Interrogative) vAkya bhii| sAdhAraNa (Affirmative ) vAkyoM kI hI taraha hote haiM / unameM prazna kA bhAva puSa abhI-abhI samApta hue athavA nikaTa bhaviSya meM samApta hone vAle kAryoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie (jaise-tvaM kadA gamiSyasi gRham ? eSa gacchAmi - tuma mA ghara jAoge? abhI jAtA hai| tvaM kadA gahAd AgataH ? ayam aham AgacchA = tuma kaba ghara se Aye? abhI maiM A rahA huuN|) bhI hotA hai| sAmAnya vartamAnakAla] 2: anuvAda kadA, kim, kasmAt, katham Adi avyayoM ko jor3a kara prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai tathA vAkya ke anta meM praznavAcaka cihna bhI lagAyA jAtA hai / niSedha kA bhAva vyakta karane ke lie sAdhAraNataH 'ma' kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI vyazAna se Arambha hone vAle zabdoM ke Adi meM 'a' jor3a kara tathA svara se prArambha hone vAle zabdoM ke Adi meM 'an' jor3akara bhI niSedhAtmaka vAkya banAye jAte haiN| jaise-gamanama >agamanam; Avazyakam >anAvazyakam / abhyAsa 2-hama donoM gAMva ko jAte haiN| kyA tuma AMkhoM se nahIM dekhate ho? kyA sItA A~gana meM khelatI hai ? chAtra vizvavidyAlaya meM par3hate haiN| vArANasI meM saMskRta ke vidvAn haiN| zyAmA DaNDe se sevaka ko mAratI hai| bAlaka per3a para se giratA hai| maiM nirdhanoM ko dhana detA huuN| kyA lar3ake khelate haiM ? tuma saba kalama se likhate ho / ve donoM dillI jAte haiN| . pATha 3 : sAmAnya vartamAnakAla ( Present Indefinite Tense), udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'bhavat', 'ca' aura 'vA' zabdoM kA prayoga ] 1. Apa jAte haiM = bhavAn gacchati / 2. Apa donoM jAtI haiM % bhavatyo gacchataH / 3. rAma aura mohana par3hate haiM = rAmaH mohanazca paThataH / 4. rAma, tuma aura maiM (arthAt hama saba) par3ate haiM = rAmaH tvam ahazca (vayam ) paThAmaH / 5. hama donoM aura tuma saba likhate haiM = AvAM ca yUyaM ca ( vayam ) likhAmaH / 6. tuma, rAma aura sItA khelate ho = tvaM rAmaH sItA ca krIDaya / 7. rAma aura lakSmaNa buddhimAn haiM = rAmaH lakSmaNazca sudhiyo stH| 8. vaha, tuma yA maiM likhatA hai -saH tvam ahaM vA likhAmi / 6. tuma donoM athavA ve saba jAte haiM = yuvAM te vA gacchanti / 10. maiM yA rAma yA kRSNa yA sItA par3hatI hai = ahaM rAmaH kRSNaH sItA vA paThati / / niyama-10. yadi sammAnasUcaka 'bhavat' (Apa) zabda kA prayoga hotA hai to kriyA pra0 pu. kI hI hotI hai| (1-2) 11. 'ca' aura 'vA' zabdoM kA prayoga 'va' aura 'vA' se jur3e hara zabdoM ke bAda " athavA jur3e hue zabdoM ke donoM tarapha karanA cAhie / (4-5, 9:10) 12. 'ca' se jur3e hue kartA jaba do hoM to kriyA dvivacana meM aura jaba do se adhika hoM to bahuvacana meM hogii| (3-7) 11

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- 162 1 saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 3-5 13. yadi kisI kriyA ke kartA bhinna-bhinna puruSoM ke hoM aura ye 'ca' zabda se jur3e hoM to kriyA kA puruSa prAdhAnya ( uttama-madhyama-prathama) ke anusAra hogA cAhe ve kisI bhI krama se kyoM na ukta hoN| (3-7) 14. yadi kisI kriyA ke kartA bhinna-bhinna puruSoM ke hoM aura ve 'vA' yA 'athavA' (vikalpa-vAcaka) zabda se jur3e hoM to kriyA kA puruSa aura vacana antima kartA ke puruSa aura vacana ke anusAra hogaa| (9-10) abhyAsa 3-kyA gItA aura maiM khelatA hai ? A~gana meM Ama ke per3a se patte girate haiN| Apa donoM kahA~ jAte haiM ? sItA, gItA aura mohana par3hate haiN| tuma, rAma aura mohana rela se kahA~ jAte ho? Apa vidvAn haiN| sItA athavA gItA kUdatI hai| maheza athavA tuma daur3ate ho| tuma, maiM aura rAma par3hate haiM / Apa saba gAte haiN| 'pATha 4 : sAmAnya bhUtakAla aura bhaviSyatkAla (Past and Future Indefinite Tenses ) sadAharaNa-vAkya [ 'laG' aura 'luTa' lakAroM kA prayoga ] 1. vaha gA~va gayA = saH grAmam agacchat = agacchat saH grAmam / 2. kyA maiMne apanA kAma nahIM kiyA = kim ahaM svakArya na akazvam ? 3. lakSmaNa ne rAma kI sevA kI = lakSmaNaH rAmasya sevAm akarot / 4. maiMne pustaka par3hI- aI pustakam apaTham = pustakam apaThamaham / 5. sItA ne bhAta khAyA % sItA ovanam akhAdat / 6. Aja vaha skUla jAyegA = adya saH vidyAlayaM gamiSyati / 7. kyA tuma usakA kAma nahIM karoge % kiM tvaM tasya kArya na kariSyasi ? 5. maiM vargIce meM pUloM ko dekhaMgA- aham udyAne puSpANi drakSyAmi / 1. Apa nagara ke udyAna meM sItA ko dekhoge- bhavAn nagarasya udyAne sItA drakSyati / niyama-15. bhUtakAla meM 'laG lakAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|' 1. (ka). saMskRta meM bhUtakAla ke lie tIna lakAroM kA prayoga pracalita hai-laG,liT aura luG / laG kA prayoga anadyatana bhUta (jo Aja kI bAta nahIM hai) meM (jaiseahaM hyaH grAmam agaccham), liT kA prayoga parokSabhUta (bahuta adhika purAnI ghaTanA) meM (jaise-rAmo rAjA babhUva) aura 'luG' kA sAmAnya bhUta (adyatanabhUta-jo milA bAja hI huI ho usa bhUtakAla) meM (jaise-adya ahaM grAmam agamam) hotA hai| parantu Ajakala sugamatA kI dRSTi se bhUtakAla meM 'laG' kA prayoga adhika pracalita ho rahA hai| sAmAnya kAla, sarvanAma Adi] 2. anuvAda 16. sAmAnya bhaviSyat kAla meM 'lUTa' lakAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|" 17. kartA, karma aura kriyA ko kisI bhI krama se rakha sakate haiM / (1, 4) abhyAsa 4.-maiM acchoda sarovara meM snAna ke lie AI thii| kyA sUrya asta ho gayA thA ? kRSNa ne kaMsa ko mArA / Aja zakuntalA pati ke ghara jAyegI / Aja tuma saba Izvara kA bhajana karoge / maiM bI0 e0 kakSA prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa kruuNgaa| he kapirAja ! kala tuma ayodhyA meM bharata kA darzana karoge / mere mitra kA vivAha pandraha jUna ko hogA / kyA usane kala gIta nahIM gAyA? rameza sAIkila se girA / parasoM se snAtakottara kakSAoM kI parIkSAyeM prArambha hoNgii| deza kA pradhAna maMtrI kauna banegA? rAjA azoka ahiMsA kA pujArI thaa| pATha 5: sarvanAma, vizeSaNa, kriyAvizeSaNa aura avyaya udAharaNa-vAkya [tInoM kAloM kA prayoga] 1. kyA yaha phala madhura nahIM hai = kim idaM phalaM madhuram nAsti? 2. kyA vaha bImAra bAlaka zIghra calatA hai = saH rugNaH bAlakaH zIghra calati / 'kim? 3. yaha gItA rameza kI patnI hai = eSA gItA ramezasya patnI asti / 4. vaha usa brAhmaNa ke lie nIlA vastra aura sapheda thAlI detA hai - saH tasmai brAhmaNAya nIlaM vastraM zvetAM sthAlI ca dAsyati / 5. isa bagIce meM do vRkSa, do latAyeM aura do puSpa suzobhita hai = asmin udyAne dvau vRkSI dvelate dve puSpe ca zobhante / (kha). kabhI-kabhI 'laT lakAra meM 'sma' jor3akara bhI bhUtakAla kA artha prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai / yadyapi 'sma' kA prayoga sabhI puruSoM aura sabhI vacanoM meM hotA hai parantu pra0 pula meM hI isakA prayoga adhika dekhA jAtA hai| 'sma' ko kriyA se pRthaka hI likhA jAtA hai, milAkara nhiiN| jaise-ekasmin vane ko'pi siMho vasati sma (eka bana meM koI siMha rahatA thaa)| te grAma gacchanti sma (ve gA~va gye)| (ga). 'kRta' pratyayoM (kta aura ktavatu) kA bhI prayoga bhUtakAla kI kriyA ke rUpa meM hotA hai| jaise--sItA vanaM gatavatI / saH gataH / rAmaH rAvaNaM hatavAn / Ajakala inakA prayoga bahutAyata se hotA hai| (dekhie, pATha 10). 1. saMskRta meM bhaviSyatkAla ke lie do lakAroM kA prayoga hotA hai-lRT aura luT / sAmAnya bhaviSyakAla meM 'luT' aura anadyatana bhaviSyat meM 'luT' / jaise-mahaM grAmaM gamiSyAmi (maiM gA~va jaauuNgaa)| ahaM zvaH grAma gantAsmi ( maiM kala gA~va jaauuNgaa)|

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sarvanAma, vizeSaNa Adi / 2: anuvAda [ 165 saMjJA yA sarvanAma kI vizeSatA battalAte haiM) zabdoM ke liGga, vibhakti aura bacana apane-apane vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiM vizeSyasya hi yasliGga vibhaktibacane ca ye / tAni sarvANi yojyAni vizeSaNapadeSvapi / / 22. jaba vizeSya puM0 aura strI0 donoM hoM to vizeSaNa puM0 hogA / (6, 12) 23. yadi eka bhI vizeSya napuM0 hogA to vizeSaNa bhI napuM0 kA hI hogaa| usakA vacana yA to ekavacana hogA yA saMkhyA ke anusAra dvivacana aura bahuvacana bhii| 24. kriyAvizeSaNa sadA napuM0 ekavacana meM hoMge / jaise--madhuraM gAyati / 25. 'vA', 'utta', 'apadA' Adi vikalpavAcaka zabdoM se yukta ekAdhika vizeSyoM kA yadi eka hI vizeSaNa ho to vizeSaNa kA lina aura vacana bAda vAle vizeSya ke anusAra hogaa| 26. kabhI-kabhI 'asti', 'bhavati' Adi astitva-vAcaka kriyAoM kA prayoga anAvazyaka bhI hotA hai| (6). . on 1641. saMskRta-pravezikA - [pATha: 5 6. putrI aura putra rakSaNIya haiM - putrI putrazca rakSaNIyo / 7. usa skUla meM bahuta se chAtra the parantu chAtrA eka hI thI tasmin vidyAlaye bahavaH chAtrAH Asan parantu chAtrA ekA eva AsIt / 8. yahA~ samiti meM bhAja anta meM kaise Apasa meM ThIka-ThIka samajhautA ho gayA % mAtra samitI adha ante (antatogatvA ) kathaM mithaH yathAyathaM aikamatyam abhavat ? 6. pramAda tandrA aura Alasya varjanIya haiM -pramAdaH tandrA AlasyaM ca varjanIyaM varjanIyAni vaa| 10. suzIla bAlaka, madhura phala aura puSpita latAyeM kaba aura kahA~ acchI nahIM lagatIM haiM = suzIlA bAlakAH, madhurANi phalAni, puSpitAH latAzca kadA kutra ca na pratibhAnti / 11. are ! gautA skUla jaldI-jaldI jAtI hai parantu vahA~ vaha dhIre-dhIre / par3hegI - are | gItA pAThazAlA zIghraM gacchati parantu tatra sA zanaiH zanaiH paThiSyati / 12. yahA~ tIna lar3ake, cAra bAlikAyeM, aThAraha striyA~ aura bIsa puruSa haiM jo pratidina prAyaH gAte haiM = atra trayaH bAlakAH catasraH bAlikAH aSTAdaza striyaH viMzatiH puruSAH ca santi ye pratidinaM prAyaH gAyanti / 13. hama saba dukhI haiM parantu gItA sukhI hai = vayaM duHkhinaH parantu gItA sukhinii| niyama-18. avyaya sabhI liGgoM, vibhaktiyoM aura vacanoM meM aparivartita hote haiN| 16. hanta, hai, mare, bhoH Adi Azcarya-sUcaka avyaya vAkya ke prArambha meM rakhe jAte haiN| parantu vA, ca, tu, hi, cet Adi vAkya ke prArambha meM nahIM rakhe jaate| 20. vizeSaNa aura kiyA-vizeSaNa prAyaH apane-apane vizeSya ke pahale Ate haiN| kabhI-kabhI vizeSya ke bAda meM bhI unakA prayoga hotA hai| jaba vizeSaNa kA vidheya ( Predicate) ke rUpa meM prayoga hogA to vizeSaNa vizeSya se pradhAna hogaa| jaise-nIla kamalam = kamalaM nIlam / 21. sarvanAma (jo saMzA ke sthAna para prayukta hote haiM) aura vizeSaNa' (jo 1.(ka) kucha zabda vizeSya ke anusAra tInoM liGgoM meM prayukta hote haiM / jaise-madhuraH zabdaH, madhurA vANI, madhuraM vacanam / taTaH, taTI, taTam Adi / (kha) kabhI-kabhI arthabheda se bhI liGga badala jAtA hai| jaise-mitram = dosta (napuM0), mitraH = sUrya (puM0 ) / (ga) kucha zabda arthabheda na hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna liGgoM meM hI prayukta hote haiN| jaise-'strI' arthavAcaka 'dArAH' (puM0), 'strI' (strI0), 'kalatram' (npuN0)| 'nakSatra' vAcaka 'puSyaH' (puM0), 'tArA' (strI0), 'nakSatram, (npuN0)| (gha) kucha zabda niyata liGga aura niyata vacana vAle hote haiM / ve vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hone para bhI vizeSya ke anusAra nahIM badalate / jaise-jJAnam (napuM0), pramANam (napuM0) / vedAH pramANam / guNAH pUjAsthAnam, Adi / niyata liGga tathA niyata vacana vAle kucha anya zabda-(1) nitya puM0bahuvacana-dArAH (strI), akSatA: (cAvala), lAjAH (lAI), asavA, prANAH (jIvana vaack)| (2)nitya strI0bahuvacana-apsarasaH (apsarAyeM ), ApaH (jala), varSAH (barasAta), sikatAH (bAlU), samAH (varSa), sumanasaH (phuul)| (3) nitya dvivacana-dampatI (pati-patnI), pitarI (mAtA-pitA), azvinI (do deva) / isake sAtha kriyA dvivacanAnta hotI hai / (1) nitya napuM0 ekavacana--(ka)dvaya; yugala, yuga, mithuna, dantu ye 'do' artha ke bodhaka haiM tathA gaNa, vRnda, kula, samUha ye bahutva ke bodhaka haiM parantu jinake sAtha ye jur3ate haiM ve ekavacanAnta hote haiN| jaisechAtrayam yugalaM vaa| (kha) pAtram, Aspadam, sthAnam, padam, bhaajnm| pramANam, duHkham, bhUSaNam, kAraNam, paramam, balam Adi pAda jaba karma yA vidheya ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM to napuM0 ekavacanAnta hote haiM (uddezya ke rUpa meM prayukta hone para anya vacanoM vAle bhI hote haiN)| jaise--guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu bhavanti / yUyaM mama snehapAtram Aspadam vaa| bhavantaH patra pramANaM santi / AzA hi paramaM duHkham / sA mam mitram asti / satA saGgo hi bheSajam / (5) saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM ke lie dekhie, pR0 111, di01

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AjJA, cAhie Adi ] 2: anuvAda usakA ullekha nahIM bhI kiyA jAtA hai (jaise-4,5)| 30 puke sAtha 'loT' lakAra kA prayoga hone para 'vitarka' kA bhAva vyakta hotA hai| jaise--kyA maiM yaha kAma karUMkimahamidaM karma karavANi ? 28. vidhi ( kar3A mAdeza), cAhiye,' saMbhAvanA Adi arthoM meM 'vidhiliGa' kA prayoga hotA hai| 26. kabhI-kabhI vAdeza, AzIrvAda Adi aneka arthoM meM loT' aura 'vidhiliha' donoM kA prayoga samAnarUpa se dekhA jAtA hai| (11) saMskRtampravezikA [pATha: 6 abhyAsa 5-payA tuma merI saba prakAra se sahAyatA nahIM karoge? manISA ke skUla meM cAra bAlikAyeM, bIsa bAlaka aura tIna abhyApikAyeM haiM / prAnArya kala merI kakSA kA nirIkSaNa kreNge| unhoMne kala ApakA bahuta intajAra kiyA / bhApake mAtApitA kahI rahate haiM ? yahA~ pA~ca mIThe phala, tIna harI latAyeM, do lAla par3e aura bhATha sundara phUla haiM / yadyapi yaha bAlikA bahuta catura hai parantu par3hatI kabhI-kabhI hI hai| Aja isa skUla meM acAnaka upadrava kaise ho gayA ? vArANasI nagarI bahuta sundara hai| tumhArA yaha kArya anukaraNIya hogA / isa nagara kA rAjA usa garIba brAhmaNa ko dhana detA hai| manISA apanI kakSA meM prathama rahatI hai| pATha 6 : AjJA, cAhie, saMbhAvanA aura AzIrvAda / udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'loT' aura 'vidhiliG' kA prayoga - 1. tuma pustaka par3ho = tvaM pustakaM ptth| / 2. satya molo aura guruoM kI sevA karo-satyaM vada gurum ca zuzrUSasya / " 3. vaha phUloM ko dekhe aura tuma vidvajjanoM kI sevA karo- saH puSpANi pazyatu tvaM ca vidvajjanAn sevasva / 4. mujhe pratyuttara.do prativacanaM me dehi / 5. he deva ! prasanna hogI aura rakSA karI! he deva ! prasIda, pAhi ca / 6. bhagavAn sadA tumhArI rakSA kareM - bhagavAn sadA tvAm avatu / 7. tuma sau varSoM taka jiyo - tvaM zaradA zataM jIva / pa, bApa hari kA bhajana kareM aura usakA phala prApta kareM - bhavAn hari bhajatu tasya phalaM ca labhatAm / 1. use par3hanA cAhie tathA tumheM bhojana karanA cAhiye (vaha par3he aura tuma bhojana saro)- saH paThet tvaM ca bhukSIthAH / 10. maiM dezabhakti se yaza prApta kaha (mujhe dezabhakti se yaza prApta karanA cAhiye) = ahaM dezabhaktyA yazaH labheya / 11. vaha isa kAma ko kareM aura rAjA prajA kI rakSA kare (use yaha kAma karanA cAhie aura rAjA ko prajA kI rakSA karanA cAhie) - saH idaM karma kuryoda (karotu) rAjA ca prajA rakSet ( rksstu.)| 12. zAyada vaha vArANasI Aye - kadAcit saH vArANasImAgacchet / niyama-27. AjJA aura AzIrvAda artha' meM 'loT lakAra kA prayoga pracalita hai| mAzArthaka vAkyoM meM prAyaH ma pu0 kA kartA chipA rahatA hai| ataH kbhii-kbhii| 1. yadyapi AzIrvAda artha meM pradhAna rUpa se 'AzIliGa' kA prayoga hotA hai parantu / 'loT lakAra kA bhI prayoga bahuta pracalita hai (AziSi lihlotto)| 1.(ka) 'cAhie' artha meM 'tavyat', 'anIyara' Adi pratyayoM kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| (dekhie-pATha 20) / (kha) kabhI-kabhI 'arhati' (yogya, samartha, ucita honA Adi artha meM) kriyA kA bhI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / parantu aise vAkyoM meM abhISTa kArya meM 'tumun pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / jaise-namA tyaktumarhasi tvam / na tvaM zocitumarhasi / 2. 'loT' aura 'vidhiliG' kA nimna arthoM meM bhI prayoga hotA hai [ vidhini mantraNAmantraNAdhISTasaMpradhanaprArthaneSu liG / loT ca / ]' (ka) vidhi (kar3A Adeza)-madhu mAMsaM ca varjayet varjayatu vA vidyArthI (vidyArthI kI gadhu aura mAMsa nahIM khAnA cAhie); saMdA dharmam Acaratu bhAcareta bA (sadA dharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahie)| (ba) nimantraNa-aca bhavAn iha bhUktAm bhujIta vA (mAja Apa yahA~ bhojana kiijie)| (ga) omantraNa-atra yathecchamAgacchatu Agacchet vA (yahA~ icchAnusAra baayeN)| (gha) anurodhamA adhyApayet sadhyA payatu vA bhavAn ( Apa mujhe par3hAne kA kaSTa kreN)| (Da) jijJAsA-phimahaM gacchAni gaccheyaM vA (kyA maiM jAU~)? (ca) prArthanA-mayi dayAM kuru kuryAH vA (mujha para kyA kareM); ki bhojanaM labheya labha vA (kyA bhojana prApta kara sakatA hai? (0) AzIrvAda-AtmasadRzaM bhartAraM labhasva labhethAH dA (apane anurUpa pati ko prApta kro)| (ja) Adara-atra upavizatu upavizet vA zrImAn (zrImAn yahA~ baitthie)| (a) icchA-bhavAn zIghra nIrogo bhavet bhavatu vA (Apa zIghra svastha ho jaayeN)| (ba) upadeza-satyaM brUyAt bravItu bA, priyaM brUyAta, na brUyAt satyamapriyam (saca bolo madhura bolo, parantu apriya-satya na bolo)| (ta) kAmacArAnukSA-api Asva AsIthAH bA, api zeSva zayISAH vA (tuma cAho to baiTho, cAho to somo)| (tha) zapatha-yo mA duSTa iti kathayati tasya putrAH priyeran (jo mujhe duSTa kahatA hai usake putra mara jaayeN|

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/ saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 7-8 abhyAsa 6-zAyada kala gurujI dillI jAyeM / mujha garIba para dayA kiijie| Apa hI batAyeM use kaise prasanna karUM? caJcalA lakSmI kI upAsanA mata karo / Apa saba gurujanoM ko namaskAra kreN| ziva jI Apa saba kI rakSA kreN| kisI se dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie / sajjanoM se kabhI droha mata kro| sukha athavA duHkha kI prApti meM harSa athavA viSAda nahIM karanA caahie| jAmo, vijaya prApta kro| bhagavAn rAma kI jaya ho| he rAjan / maiM ApakA aura kyA abhISTa karUM / AryA jI, yaha bhAsana hai, Apa isa para baittheN| hamezA satsaMgati karanA caahie| sadAcArI ziSyoM ko gurujana samasta vidyAoM kA rahasya khola deN| tuma ghara jAo aura adhyayana kro| he putrI ! tuma vIraputra kI jananI bano / gurujana vyAkaraNa zAstra par3hAyeM / pATha 7 : apUrNa (vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat ) kAla ( Continuous Tenses ) udAharaNa-vAkya ['zatR' aura 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA prayoga ] 1. vaha ghara jA rahA hai - saH gRhaM gacchan asti ( gcchti)| 2. saba lar3akiyAM pustakeM par3ha rahI haiM 3 tAH bAlikAH pustakAni paThantyaH santi (ptthnti)| 3. kyA vaha kA~pa rahA hai aura tuma so rahI ho ki saH kampamAnaH asti (kampate) tvaM ca zayAnA asi (shesse)| 4. una saba ke cacala netra kyA dekha rahe haiM = teSAM caJcalanetrANi kiM pazyanti santi (pazyanti)? 5. rItA vahA~ siMha ko dekha rahI hai aura yahA~ tuma donoM par3ha rahe ho - rItA tA siMhaM pazyantI asti (pazyati) yuvA ca atra paThantau sthaH (ptththH)| 6. tuma kahA~ jA rahe the = tvaM kutra gacchan AsIH (agacchaH)? 7. Apa usa samaya kyA dekha rahe the bhavAn tadAnIM kiM pazyan AsIt (apazyat)? 8. lar3akiyA~ nadI ke kinAre jala pI rahI thIM = bAlikAH nadyAstaTe apaH pibantyaH Asan (apibn)| 6. hama usa samaya ghara se A rahe the% vayaM tadAnI gahAdAgacchantaH Asma (aagcchaam)| 10. hama donoM sAyaMkAla khela rahe hoMge = AvAM sAyaM krIDantI bhaviSyAvaH, (kriiddissyaavH)| 11. parikSArthI uttara-pustikAyeM likha rahe hoMge = parIkSArthinaH uttarapustakAni likhantaH bhaviSyanti (likhissynti)| apUrNa kAla; 'jAte hue' Adi] 2 / anuvAda 12. bAlikA par3ha rahI hogI aura tuma dekha rahe hoge = bAlikA paThantI bhaviSyati _(paThiSyati ) tvaM ca pazyan bhaviSyasi ( drakSyasi ) / niyama-30. 'par3ha rahA', 'jA rahA' Adi apUrNa-kAlika kriyAoM kA anuvAda sAmAnya kAla kI hI taraha hotA hai (dekhie koSThaka kriyaa)| kabhI-kabhI apUrNakAlika kriyAoM kA artha prakaTa karane ke lie tadarthaka dhAtuoM meM 'zata' (at) aura 'zAna' (mAna-mAna) pratyayoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 'zatR' aura 'zAna' pratyayAnta zabda vizeSaNa hote haiM, ataH unakA liGga, vibhakti aura vacana apane vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiM / kartA ke puruSa kA ina para prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| 31. 'zatR-zAnac' pratyayAnta zabdoM ke sAtha 'as' ( sattA ) dhAtu kA bhI prayoga (kartA ke puruSa aura vacana ke anusAra) hotA hai| 'as' dhAtu pAlI kriyA hI mukhya kriyA hotI hai aura usakA prayoga kAlAnusAra hI hotA hai| abhyAsa 7-gopAla skUla meM par3ha rahA hai| tuma saba yaha kyA kara rahe ho? AkAza meM bAdala garaja rahe haiN| ve donoM lar3akiyA~ mAlAyeM banA rahI thiiN| gItA dekha rahI thI aura suzIlA gAnA gA rahI thii| vaha rAmAyaNa kA pATha kara rahA hogA / vRkSa ke patte jhar3a rahe the| ve saba patra likha rahe hoMge / tuma phala khA rahe the| rAdhA so rahI hogI aura kRSNA reDiyo suna rahI hogI / chAtra kakSA meM adhyApaka kI pratIkSA kara rahe the| rAdhA athavA zyAma A rahA hogaa| - pATha 8 : 'jAte hue', 'sunate hue' zrAdi vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'zatR' aura 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA prayoga - 1. rAjamArga se jAne hue sundara rAjakumAra ko dekho rAjamArgeNa gacchantaM sundaraM rAjakumAraM pazya / 2. upadeza dete hue adhyApaka ne chAtroM ko daNDa diyA = upadizAna adhyApakaH chAtrAnadaNDayat / 3. vaha madhubAlA ko dekhate hue haMsatA hai = saH madhubAlA pazyan hasati / 4. kucha samaya meM vaha yuvaka ho jAyegA = gacchatA kAlena : yuvakaH bhaviSyati / 5. maiM dekhate hue aura haMsate hue sunatA hai- ahaM pazyan hasan ca zRNomi / 6. vaha pratIkSA karate hue baiThI thI = sA pratIkSamANA atiSThat / 7. pratidina bar3hatA huA dhana usake aizvarya kA kAraNa hai-pratidina vardhamAna dhanaM tasya aizvaryasya kAraNam / 8. mere rahate hue tuma kaise duHkhI hoogI - mami siti / tvaM kathaM duHkhinI bhaviSyasi /

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170] saMskRta-pradezikA [pATha :6. sote hue bhI vidvajjana saba kucha dekhate haiM = zayAnAH api vidvajjanAH sarva pazyanti / 10. zatru ke kaTu vacanoM ko sahana karate hue hama kaise raheMge = zatroH kaTu vacanAni sahamAnAH vayaM kathaM sthAsyAmaH ? niyama-32. 'jAte hue', 'sunate hue' Adi gauNa kriyAoM kA anuvAda 'zatR' aura 'zAna' pratyayoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| abhyAsaka-gAr3I calAte hue DrAivara se vArtAlApa karanA ucita nahIM hai| vana meM rahate huye bhI rAma ne rAvaNa ko mAra DAlA / maiMne kAleja jAte hue mArga meM sarpa ko dekhA / jJAna prApta karate hue vaha dhIre-dhIre vidvAn bana gyaa| kucha samaya bAda Apa vRddha ho jAyeMge / bahuta prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahate hue bhI sItA prasanna hai| jJAnamArga meM vartamAna rahane para bhI vaha bhaktimArga kA Azraya legA / kyA sItA ne rAvaNa ke yahA~ rAma ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karate huye samaya bitAyA? khAnA khAte samaya bolanA hAnikAraka hai| kArya karate hue vaha mere vacanoM ko sunegii| pATha: vAcya-parivartana ( Change of Voice) sadAharaNa-vAkya [ kartRvAcya, karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya kA prayoga ] 1. devadatta gAMva jAtA hai = devadattaH grAmaM gacchati (krtR0)| devadattena grAmo gamyate (krm0)| 2. maiM tuma donoM ko dekhatA hU~ = ahaM yuvAM pazyAmi (krtR0)| mayA yuvA dRzyethe (krm)| 3. hama saba phala khAte haiM = vayaM phalAni khAdAmaH (krtR.)| asmAbhiH phalAni khAdhante (krm)| 4. Apa jo cAhate haiM, vaha saba maiM karatA hai = bhavAn yadicchati tat sarvamahA . karomi (krtR.)| bhavatA yadiSyate tat sarva mayA kriyate (krm)| 5. sItA pAThazAlA meM pustaka par3he 3 sItA pAThazAlAyAM pustakaM paThet (krtR0)|| sItayA pAThazAlAyAM pustakaM paThyet (krm)| 6. tuma haMsate ho aura vaha jora se rotI hai = tvaM hasasi, sA ca uccaiH roditi (krtR0)| tvayA hasthate tayA ca ucca rucate (bhaav)| 7. hama saba par3hate haiM aura ve saba sote haiM = vayaM paThAmaH te ca svapanti (krtR0)|| asmAbhiH paThyate taiH ca supyate (bhaav0)| 8. vaha kUdatA hai, aura tuma kA~pate ho = saH kUdate tvaM ca kampase (kartR.) tena kurvate tvayA ca kampyate (bhaav0)|. 6. maheza romA thA aura rItA bhI royegI - mahezaH arodIt, rItA pApi, 'jAte hue; vAcya parivartana] 2: anuvAda [171 rodiSyati (kartR.) / mahezena arudyata, rItayA cApi roviSyate (bhaav)| niyama-33. 'sakarmaka' dhAtuoM se kartRvAcya (Active Voice) aura karmavAcya (Passive Voice) ke vAkya banate haiN| 'akarmaka' dhAtuoM se (dekhiye, pR0.70, Ti01) kartRvAcya aura bhAvavAcya ( Impersonal Voice ) ke vAkya banate haiN| akarmaka dhAtuyeM kabhI-kabhI upasarga ke lagane para sakarmaka bhI ho jAtI haiN| jaise-sA lajjAmanubhavati / 24. kartRvAcya meM kartA pradhAna hotA hai| ataH (ka) kriyA ke puruSa, vacana bhAvi (kRdanta kiyA kA liGga) kartA ke anusAra hote haiN| (kha) kA meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| (ga) karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| (gha) dhAtuoM ke sabhI mUla rUpa kartRvAcya meM hI hote haiN| 'kartari pratyaye jAte prathamA kartRkArake / dvitIyAntaM ca karma syAt karvadhInaM kriyApadam // ' 25. karmavAcya meM karma pradhAna hotA hai| ataH (ka) kriyA ke puruSa, vacana Adi karma ke anusAra hote haiN| (kha) kA meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| (ga) karma meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai (gha) zeSa anya sabhI kAraka kartRvAcya kI hI taraha hote hai| (cha) karmavAcya kI kriyA sArvadhAtuka lakAroM meM 'ya' pratyaya jor3akara banAI jAtI hai aura usake rUpa kevala Atmanepada meM hI calate haiN| (jaiselikh+ya+te likhyate / 'karmaNi pratyaye jAte tRtIyA kartRkArake / prathamAntaM ca karma syAt karmAdhInaM kriyApadam / / ' 36. bhAvavAcya meM bhAva pradhAna hotA hai| ataH (ka) kriyA pra0 pu0 ekavacana meM hI hotI hai / (kha) kartA meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai / (ga) karma kA abhAva rahatA hai| (gha) bhAvavAcya kI kriyA banAne kI prakriyA karmavAcya kI kriyA kI (prakriyA kI taraha hI hai (jaise---bhU+ya+te = bhuuyte)| "karmAbhAvaH sadA bhAve tRtIyA caiva kartari / prathamaH puruSazcakavacanaca triyApade / / ' noTa-vAcya-parivartana meM kartA, karma aura kriyA para hI asara par3atA hai, zeSa vAkyAMza aparivartita rahatA hai| abhyAsa-baha grantha par3hatA hai aura rAdhA khelatI hai| samatA athavA gItA 1. kriyA meM jo 'tip' Adi pratyaya jur3ate haiM ve kattA, karma yA bhAva meM hote haiM / ataH jaba kiyA meM prayukta 'tip' Adi pratyayoM ke dvArA kartA ukta hotA hai taba kartA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura vahA~ kartA meM prAtipAdikArtha se prathamA hotI hai| isI prakAra jaba karma ukta hotA hai taba karma pradhAna hotA hai aura vahA~ karma meM prAtipadikArya se prathamA hotI hai| bhAva ukta hone para bhAva pradhAna hotA hai| sI bhAbhAra para vAcya ke tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM /

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// / 172] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 10-11 gAnA gA rahI hai| pitA ne putra se kahA ! mere dvArA pAtru jIte jAte haiN| rAma ne rAvaNa ko mArA aura sItA kI rakSA kii| sUrya se jagat prakAzita hotA hai / Izvara ne isa saMsAra ko rcaa| usake dvArA pustakeM lAI jaayeN| adhyApakoM ne pustakeM pddh'aaii| tumane phala khaayaa| ve donoM skUla jAte haiN| kyA tumane pustakeM likhI haiM ? gItA bAjAra nahIM jA rahI hai| hama donoM ne yaha reDiyo banAyA hai| Apa jo cAhate haiM vaha saba maiM karatA hU~ / saMdIpa ne skUla meM puraskAra prApta kiyaa| pATha 10: bhUtakAlika vAkya udAharaNa-dhAkya ['kta' aura 'ktavatu' pratyayoM kA prayoga ] 1. ye sabhI bAlaka ghara gae = te sarve bAlakAH gRham agacchan (krtR0)|tH sarvaH bAlakaH gRhamagamyata (karma) / te sarve bAlakAH gahaM gatavantaH (krtR.)| taH sarvaiH bAlakaH gRhaM gatam ( krm0)| te sarva bAlakAH gRhaM gacchanti sma (krtR.)|taiH sarveH bAlakaH gRhaM gamyate sma (krm)| 2. bAlikAoM ne phala khAyA = bAlikAH phalamabhujata (krtR0)| bAlikAH phalaM bhuktavatyaH (kartR.) / bAlikAbhiH phalaM bhuktam (krm)| 3. maiMne pustakeM par3I = mahaM pustakAni aphTham / mayA pustakAni apaThacanta / ahaM pustakAni paThitavAn / mayA pustakAni paThitAni / 4. rAjapuruSoM ne nagarI kI rakSA kI = rAjapuruSAH nagarIm arakSan / rAjapuruSAH nagarI rakSitavantaH / rAjapuruSaH nagarI rkssitaa| 5. kumbhakAra ne par3A banAyA = kumbhakAra: ghaTam aracayat / kumbhakAraH ghaTaM racitavAn / kumbhakAreNa ghaTaH racitaH / 6. maiM haMsA aura vaha soyA = aham ahasam, saH ca asvapIt (svapiti sm)| ahaM hasitavAn saH ca suptavAn / mayA hasitaM tena ca suptam / 7. vana meM gae hue rAma ne RSiyoM ko praNAma kiyA - vanaM gataH rAmaH RSIna prANamat / vanaM gataH rAmaH RSIn praNatavAn / vanaM gatena rAmeNa RSayaH prnnmitaa| 6. par3hI huI pustakeM lAo= paThitAni pustakAni Anaya / / 6. bAye hue (khA lene para ) usane kArya kiyA = bhuktavatA tena kArya kRtam / / 10. usake khA lene para vaha AyA = bhuktavati tasmin saH AgatavAn / niyama-36. sAmAnya bhUtakAla ke lie karmavAcya meM 'kta' aura kartRvAcya meM 'ktavatu' pratyayoM kA prayoga hotA hai| 37. 'kta' pratyayAnta (karmavAcya kI) kriyAoM kA liGga aura vacana karma ke anusAra tathA 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta (kartRvAcya kI) kriyAoM kA liGga aura vacana kartA bhUtakAlA pUrNa kAla] 2: anuvAda [ 173 ke anusAra hotA hai| bhAvavAcya meM 'kta' pratyaya hone para 'kta' pratyayAnta kriyA napuM0 ekavacana meM hI hogii| puruSa kA 'kta' aura 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta kriyAoM para koI asara nahIM par3atA hai| 38. 'kta' aura 'ktavat pratyayoM kA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM inake liGga, vibhakti aura vacana apane-apane vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiM / (7-10) 36. aise vAkyoM meM yadi eka kriyA ke hone para dUsarI kriyA kA honA pAyA jAye to pahale hone vAlI (kRdanta) kriyA meM tathA kartRvAcya ke kartA athavA karmavAcya ke karma meM saptamI hotI hai| (10) abhyAsa 10-mohana ne zyAma ko bandUka se maaraa| una kanyAoM ne bagIce ke do phUla todd'e| rAma, sItA aura lakSmaNa bana gye| kyA gItA me pustakeM nahIM par3hIM ? likhI huI uttara-pustikAyeM le jaao| bAlikA ne jala piyA aura so gii| zyAma ne par3hI huI pustakeM punaH pddh'iiN| lekhaka ke yahA~ se lAI haI pustakaM pddh'o| bhojana kie hue bAlaka ko dUdha do / manISA aura rItA ne inAma meM prApta sabhI dhana skUla ko dAna meM de diyaa| pATha 11 : pUrNa vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat kAla ( Perfect Tenses ) udAharaNa-vAkya ['kta' aura 'ktavatu' pratyayoM kA prayoga.1. (ka) vaha pustaka par3ha cukA hai = saH pustakaM paThitavAn [asti] (krtR0)| (kha) usane pustaka par3ha lI hai - tena pustakaM paThitam [asti] (krm)| 2. maiM kAma kara cukA hU~ = ahaM kArya kRtavAn [ asmi ] | 3. sItA ne kathA suna lI hai = sItA kathAM zrutavatI [ asti / 4. kyA tuma donoM ghara jA cuke ho = ki yuvA gRhaM gatavantau [staH ] / 5. mere pahu~cane ke pUrva hI cora bhAga gaye the = mama AgamanAt pUrvameva taskarAH (caurAH) palAyitavantaH [ Asan ] / 6: adhyApaka ke jAne ke pahale hI bAlikAyeM jA cukI thIM = adhyApakasya . gamanAt pUrvameva bAlikAH gatavatyaH [ Asan ] / 7. kyA pAMca bajane ke pUrva hI maiM jAga cukA thA = ki paJcavAdanAta prAgeva ahaM prabuddhavAn [Asam / 8. rAta hone se pahale hI bAlikAe~ ghara pahuMca cukI hoMgI rAtaH prAgema bAlikAH gRham AgatavatyaH bhaviSyati /

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174 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 11-12 6. kyA tumhAre jAgane ke pUrva vaha pustaka nahIM par3ha cukegA = kiM tava jAgaraNAt . pUrva saH pustaka na paThitavAn bhaviSyati / 10. tumhAre sTezana pahuMcane se pahale relagAr3I A cukI hogI - tava vASpayAna virAmasthalamAgamanAt prAk vASpayAnam Agatavat bhaviSyati / niyama-40. 'kara cukA' Adi pUrNakAla kI kriyA kA artha prakaTa karane ke lie kartRvAcya meM 'ktavatu' pratyayAnta gauNa kriyA kA kartA ke liGga aura vacana ke anusAra prayoga hogaa| 41. ktavatu' pratyayAnta kriyA ke sAtha 'as' dhAtu vAlI mukhya-kiyA kA bhI prayoga kartA ke puruSa aura vacana ke anusAra hogaa| aise vAkyoM ke prayoga meM prAyaH 'as' dhAtuvAlI kriyA kA prayoga nahIM bhI hotA hai / 42. karmavAcya meM 'kta' pratyayAnta kriyA hogI parantu 'as' dhAtu kI kriyA kartRvAcya ke samAna hI hogii| (1) abhyAsa 11- rameza aura nIlimA ne apanA kAma pUrNa kara liyA hai| Apane aura maiMne taba taka kAma pUrA kara liyA hogaa| usane aisA kArya kyoM kiyA hai ? kyA vaha skUla banda ho cukA hai? mere pahu~cane ke pahale zyAma khAnA khA cukA thaa| tIna bajane ke pUrva relagAr3I chuTa cukI thii| kyA mere Ane se pahale tuma apanA kArya samApta kara cuke hoge? tumhAre kahane se pahale hI merA mitra patroM ko likha cukA hogA / varSA hone se pahale tuma saba para pahu~ca cuke hoge / pulisa ke pahu~cane se bahuta pahale cora bhAga cuke hoMge / sUryodaya se pahale hI vaha snAna kara cukI hogii| ___ pATha 12 : pUrNApUrNa vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat kAla ( Perfect Continuous Tenses) udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'zatR' aura 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA prayoga ]1. maiM gata dina se yahA~ kArya kara rahA hU~ = ahaM vigatadivasAy atra kArya kurvan asmi / 2. tuma kitane samaya se kAMpa rahe ho = tvaM kiyatkAlAn kampamAnaH asi ? 3. vaha budhavAra se khela rahI hai = sA budhavAsarA krIDantI asti / 4. maiM ATha baje se yaha saba sahana kara rahA hU~ - aham aSTavAdanasamayAda idaM sarva sahamAnaH asmi / 5. tuma kala sAyaMkAla do ghaMTe taka par3hate rahe the tvaM yaH sAyaM ghaMTAdvaya paryantaM paThan AsIH / pUrNakAla; pUrNApUrNakAla ] 2: anuvAda [175 6. maiM eka saptAha taka gItA par3hatA rahA thA = aham ekasaptarahaparyantaM gItAM paThan Asam / 7. bAlikAeM cAra dina taka sevA karatI rahI thIM - bAlikAH dinaca juSTaya paryantaM sevamAnAH Asan / 8. kyA rItA aura gItA gata dina se tumhArI pratIkSA nahIM kara rahI hoMgI = kiM rItAgIte gatadivasAt tava pratIkSAM na kurvatyo bhaviSyataH / 9. tumhArA mitra do ghaMTe se aura rAma do baje se khela rahe hoMge = taba mitraM ghaMTAtayakAlAt rAmaH dvivAdanakAlAcca kIDantI bhaviSyataH / niyama-42. pUrNApUrNa (jaba kisI samaya se kisI kAma kA lagAtAra hotA rahanA pAyA jAye ) vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat kAla meM apUrNa (vartamAna-bhUta-bhaviSyat ) kAla kI taraha 'zatR' athavA 'zAnac' pratyayoM kA tathA 'as' dhAtu kI kriyA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 44. vartamAna aura bhaviSyat kAla ke samaya-vAcaka (jaba se kAma prArambha ho) zabdoM meM paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai| 45. bhUtakAla ke samayavAcaka zabdoM meM 'paryantam' pada jor3a diyA jAtA hai| abhyAsa 12-vaha subaha se kyA kara rahI hai ? maiM pAMca ghaMTe se par3ha rahA huuN| tuma isa vidyAlaya meM kitane samaya se par3hA rahe ho? ve dopahara se ApakA intajAra kara rahe haiM / isa varSa 15 julAI se lagAtAra varSA ho rahI hai| kyA vaha tIna ghaNTe se koI kArya nahIM kara rahA hai? tuma eka ghaMTe se isa kamare meM kyA kara rahe the? vaha cAra sAla se kaThina parizrama kara rahA thaa| ve cAra dinoM taka lagAtAra par3hatI rahI thiiN| adhyApaka ATha ghaMTe se par3hA rahe hoMge ! kyA Aja chAtra kulapati jI se do baje se bahasa kara rahe hoMge? ve donoM somavAra se yAtrA kara rahe hoNge| pATha 13 : kartR-karma kAraka udAharaNa-vAkya [ prathamA aura dvitIyA vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga ] 1.maiM grantha par3hatA hai = granthamahaM paThAmi (krtR0)| granthaH mayA paThacate (krm)| 2. ve vana meM jAte haiM aura vaha paJcatva ko prApta hotA hai = te vanaM gacchanti saca paJcatvaM yAti / 3. he rAma! yahA~ mAma aura nAriyala ke phala haiM = he rAma ! atra -AmraphalAni nArikelaphalAni ca santi / 4. yaha merA grantha hai, aisA samajho = ayaM mama grantha iti jAnIhi / 5. vaha eka mAsa taka par3hatA hai aura maiM eka koza taka calatA hU~ - saH mAsamekaM paThati ahaM ca krozamekaM gacchAmi / 6. vaha guru ko namaskAra karatA hai - saH guruM namati (saH gurave nmsmriiti)| 7. hari vaikuNTha meM sote haiM = hariH vaikuNThamadhizete (adhitiSThati, madhyApate maa)|

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176] saMskRta-pravezikA [ pATha : 13-14 8. ghara ke cAroM ora bAlaka khelate haiM - gRhamabhitaH bAlakAH krIDanti / 6. rAga ke binA jIvana ko dhikkAra hai % rAmaM binA jIvanaM dhik / 10. gopAla gAya se dUdha duhatA hai aura zyAma bakarI ko gA~va le jAtA hai - gopAlaH gAM payaH dogdhi zyAmazca ajAM grAmaM nayati (krtR0)| gopAlena gauH payaH duhyate zyAmena ca ajA grAmaM nIyate (krm)| 11. maiM tumheM tinake ke bhI barAbara nahIM mAnatA hai % ahaM tvAM tRNaM na manye / niyama-46. nimnokta sthaloM meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai (dekhie, pR0 65-67)(ka) kartRvAcya ke kartA meN| (kha) karmavAcya ke karma meM / (ga) vastu, granthAdi kA nAmanirdeza karane meM / (gha) 'iti' zabda ke yoga meM / () sambodhana meN| 47. nimnokta sthaloM meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai ( dekhie, pR067-62)(ka) kartRvAvya ke karma meM / (kha) kriyA ke lagAtAra hone para samaya aura dUrI vAcaka zabdoM meN| (ga) jaba anAdara dikhAnA ho to 'man' dhAtu ke karma meM / (gha) adhi + zI, aSi + sthA, adhi + As, abhi + ni + viz, upa + bas, anu + vas, adhi + vas aura A + vas ina dhAtuoM ke AdhAra meM / (Ga) abhitaH, paritaH, sarvataH, ubhayataH, samayA, nikaSA, hA, prati, dhika, uparyupari, adho'dhaH, adhyadhi, antarA aura antareNa ye avyaya jisake sAtha AyeM, usameM / (ca) gamanArthaka dhAtuoM ke yoga hone para gamana ke uddezya meN| (cha) vinA ke yoga meM / (ja) [kartRvAcya meM] duha, yAca Adi dvikarmaka dhAtuoM ke yoga hone para mukhya karma ke sAtha-sAtha gauNa karma meM (yadi vaktA kI icchA ho)| (jha) [ karmavAcya meM ] duhAdi 12 dhAtuoM kA gauNa karma tathA 'nI' Adi 4 dhAnuoM kA mukhya karma prathamA meM [taditara dvitIyA meM ] hogaa| abhyAsa 13-vaha mandira gyaa| Ama, ghar3A aura phUla yahA~ rkho| he devadata! yahA~ gA~va ke cAroM ora upavana haiN| siMha vana meM rahatA hai aura guphA meM sotA hai| mujhe vidyArthI jAno / kRSNa ke cAroM ora bhaktagaNa haiN| ve saba bana meM vicaraNa karate haiM / kyA rAma kI upAsanA ke binA bhI jIvana hai? vaha tIna dina se kAma kara rahA hai| maiM use rAjA jAnatA huuN| ve saba svarga gye| pAcaka cAvaloM se bhAta 'pakAtA hai| gAMva ke nikaTa vidyAlaya hai| rAjA cora ko daNDa detA hai| jJAma ke binA sukha kahA~ ? Apake alAvA aura kona badalA le sakatA hai ? vidyArthI adhyApaka ke cAroM ora khar3e-khar3e bAteM kara rahe the| donoM para dayA kro| pATha 14:karaNa kAraka sadAharaNa-vAkya [ tRtIyA vibhakti kA prayoga ]1. vaha bAlayoM ke sAtha ratha se AtA hai = saH rathena bAlakaH saha Agacchati (kartR0) tena rathena bAlakaH saha Agamyate (km)| kartR-karma-karaNa kAraka] 2: anuvAda [177 2. A~kha se kAnA aura paira se laMgar3A devadatta gA~va jAtA hai - netraNa kANaH pAdena ca khajaH devadattaH grAmaM gacchati ( krtR.)| netreNa kANena pAdena ca khagena devadattena prAmo gamyate (krm)| 3. vaha hotA hai = saH bhavati ( kartR.) / tena bhUyate (bhAva0 ) / . 4. vaha cakSu se rAma ko dekhatA hai % saH cakSuSA rAmaM pazyati / 5. usane eka mAsa meM grantha ko par3hA- samAsena grantham adhItavAn / 6. rAma svabhAva se sajjana hai parantu vaha kaSTapUrvaka jItA hai = rAmaH prakRtyA sAdhuH parantu saH kaSTena jIvati / 7. tuma jaTAboM se tapasvI aura zikhA se hindU lagate ho tvaM jaTAbhiH tApasaH zikhayA ca hinduH pratIyase / 8. baha adhyayana ke lie kAzI meM rahatI hai - sA adhyayanena kAzyA vasati / 6. buddhi vidyA se bar3hatI hai - buddhiH vidyayA vardhate / 10.jJAna ke binA saba kucha zUnya hai = jJAnena (zAna ) vinA sarva zUnyam / 11. jhagar3A mata karo, durjana se Apako kyA prayojana = alaM vivAdena, durjanena bhavatA prayojanaM kim ? 12. vaha aizvayaM meM devatAoM se bar3hakara hai = saH aizvaryaNa devAn atizete / 13. maheza rUpa meM sItA ke samAna aura guNoM meM rAma ke samAna hai = mahezaH rUpeNa (AkRtyA ) sItayA samaH guNaizca rAmeNa sadRzaH / 14. maiM apane putra kI tathA apane jIvana kI kasama khAtA hai - ahaM svaputreNa svajIvitena ca zapAmi / 15. yajJadatta kisa mArga se aura kisa dizA se gayA hai- yazadattaH kena mArgaNa kayA dizA ca gataH? 16. mUkhoM ko upadeza denA kevala unakA krodha bar3hAnA hai, zAnti ke lie nahIM = upadezo hi mUrkhANAM prakopAya na zAntaye / niyama 4-nimnokta sthaloM meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai (dekhie, pR072-74)(ka) karmavAcya ke kartA meN| (kha) bhAvavAcya ke kartA meN| (ga) karaNa (sAdhakatama kAraNa) meN| (pa) sahArthaka (saha, sAdhana, sAkama, samam ) zabdoM ke yoga meM jisakA sAtha batalAyA jAe, usmeN| (5) jisa vikRta aGga se aGgI meM vikAra mAlUma par3e usa aGga-vAcaka zabda meN| (ca) jaba nizcita samaya meM kArya-siddhi 12

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178 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha: 15 batalAI jAye to kAla aura dUrI-vAcaka zabdoM meN| (cha) prakRti Adi (nAma', gotra Adi ) zabdoM meM (yadi unase kisI ke svabhAva mAdi kA jJAna hii)| (ja) jisa cihna se kisI kA bodha ho usa cihna meN| (jha) kAraNa-bodhaka zabdoM meM yadi hetu zabda kA prayoga na ho| (ba) pRthak, vinA aura tulyArthaka zabdoM ke yoga meM (dvitIyA aura paJcamI bhii)| (4) alam (basa, mata), kRtam (niSedha), kima, kAryam, arthaH, prayojanam (prayojana bharya hone para) ke yoga meM / () jisa guNa yA durguNa kI dRSTi se kisI ko bar3hakara batalAyA jAye usameM / (Da) jisake sadRza batalAyA jAye usameM / (Dha) zapatha khAne meM (jisakI zapatha khAI jaae)| (Na) jisa mArga yA dizA se jAnA batalAyA jAe, usameM / abhyAsa 15-svarNakAra sone se gahane banAtA hai| kulI zira para sAmAna DhotA hai| rAma jAnakI ke sAtha bana jAte haiN| gAya kA dUdha svabhAva se mIThA aura supAcya hotA hai / vyApAra ke nimitta se mohana prayAga meM rahatA hai| kyA tuma zapatha khAkara kahate ho ki sureza ne corI kI hai ? mUrkha ziSya se kyA prayojana ? tumheM sajjanoM ke sAtha rahanA cAhie, durjanoM ke sAtha kabhI nahIM / astra pIr3itoM kI rakSA ke lie hotA hai, na ki nirdoSoM ko pIr3ita karane ke lie| chAtra rela se kAnapura gaye / aise putra ke utpanna hone se kyA jo na vidvAn ho aura na dhArmika hii| vezabhUSA se vaha yoddhA pratIta hotA hai / vaha AMkha se andhA hai, ataH gira gayA hai| kevala manoratha se dhana prApta nahIM hotA hai, kuzalatA se prApta hotA hai| sampradAna kAraka] 2 : anuvAda 7. saMjaya use rahasya kI bAta kahatA hai aura vaha use dharma kA upadeza detA hai = saMjayaH tasmai rahasyaM kathayati saH ca tasmai dharma zaMsatti upadizati vA / 6. devadatta rAma ke sau rupayoM kA RNI hai = devadattaH rAmAya zataM dhArayati / 6. maiM dezarakSA ke lie prANatyAga karUMgA = ahaM dezarakSAya prANatyAgaM ___ krissyaami| 10. ziSya guru ko praNAma karake par3hane ke lie jAtA hai = ziSyaH guruM praNamya paThanAya (paThituM) yAti / 11. vaha guru se bhojana ke lie nivedana karatA hai = saH gurave bhojanAya ( bhoja nArtham, bhojanasya kRte) nivedayati / niyama-46. nimnokta sthaloM meM caturthI vibhakti hotI hai (dekhie, pR074-76) (ka) sampradAna kAraka meN| (kha) namaH, svasti, svAhA, svadhA, alam (paryApta ) aura vaSaT ina zabdoM ke yoga meM (jise namaskAra Adi kiyA jaaye)| (ga) AyuSya, madra (harSa), bhadra, kuzala, sukha, artha aura hita zabdoM ke yoga meM (yadi AzIrvAda ke artha meM inakA prayoga ho, to) jise AzIrvAda diyA jAe, usameM / (gha) svAgata zabda ke yoga meM jisakA svAgata kiyA jAe, usameM / (Ga) 'tumun' kA artha chipA rahane para usake karma meN| (ca) jisa prayojana ke lie koI kArya kiyA jAe, usmeN| (cha) nimna dhAtuoM ke yoga meM-(1) kuSa, dUha, ISrNya aura asUya (jisa para krodhAdi kiyA jAe); (2) spRha (jise cAhA jAe); (3) ruc yA rucyarthaka (jo prasanna ho); (4) kath, khyA, zaMs, cakSa, ni + vid (Nijanta) tathA tadarthaka (jisako lakSya karake kucha kahA jAe); (5)[Nijanta 'dhU' ] cAri (jisase RNa liyA jAeM) aura (6)praNipata, praNam (jise praNAma kiyA jAe, usameM dvitIyA bhii)| 50. caturthI ke sthAna para kabhI-kabhI 'artham' aura 'kRte' kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| 'artham' zabda samastarUma meM prayukta hotA hai aura 'kRte' ke yoga meM SaSThI hotI hai / (11). abhyAsa 15-viSNu ko bhakti acchI lagatI hai| vidyArthI parIkSA pAsa karane ke lie par3hate haiN| yaha samAcAra guru jI se nivedana kara deM / tuma mujhase kyoM IrSyA karate ho? tuma mere paccIsa rupayoM ke RNI ho / guru jI ko prasanna karane ke lie sohana unheM dravya detA hai| bAlaka dUdha ke lie rotA thaa| rogI ko davA de do| sajjanoM kA jIvana paropakAra ke lie hotA hai / mujhe dhana kI spRhA nahIM hai, kevala jJAna prApta karanA merA lakSya hai| pATha 15: sampradAna kAraka udAharaNa-vAkya [ caturthI vibhakti kA prayoga - 1. kisa ziSya ke lie jJAna dete ho = kasmai ziSyAya jJAnaM vitarasi ? 2. rAjA ko namaskAra ho = rAjJe namaH / / 3. devI kA svAgata hai, merA kuzala ho aura prajA kA kalyANa ho = svAgataM devyai ( devyAH), mahyaM (mama) kuzalaM bhUyAt, prajAbhyaH ca svasti / 4. tuma mUrkha para krodha karate hI aura bhogoM kI spRhA = tvaM mUrkhAya krudhyasi bhogebhyaH spRhayasi ca / 5. mule adhyayana acchA lagatA hai = mahyam adhyayana rocate / / 6. hari daityoM ke liye aura Apa zatruoM ke lie paryApta haiM = hariH daityebhyaH ___ alam (prabhuH, samarthaH, zaktaH), bhavAn zatrubhyazca / 1. 'nAma' zabda ke sAtha anya prayoga-asti vArANasI nAma nagaram / tatra ghanadatto nAma rANA / asI rAmanAmA bAlakaH / tasya bhAryAM manoramA nAmnI /

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18.] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha:16-17 apAdAna, sambandha] 2: nuvAda pATha 16 : apAdAna kAraka sadAharaNa-vAkya [paJcamI vibhakti kA prayoga - 1. usa mahala se bAlaka girA = tasmAt prAsAdAt bAlakaH apatat / 2. vaha siMha se bAlaka kI rakSA karatI hai - sA bAlaka siMhAva trAyate / 2. vaha apane putra ko pApa se haTAtA hai-saH svaputraM pApAnnivArayati / 4. vaha adhyApaka se par3hatA hai- saH adhyApakAt paThati / 5. himAlaya se gaGgA nikalatI hai - himAlayAt gaGgA prabhavati / 6. zyAma se rAma catura hai-zyAmAt rAmaH pttutrH| 7. bAlyAvasthA se lekara Aja bhI devadatta gA~va ke bAhara udyAna ke pUrva meM rahatA hai = AzaMzavAt devadattaH prAmAvahirudyAnAt pUrvamadhitiSThati / 5. jJAna ke vinA mokSa nahIM milatA hai = jJAnAda Rte na mokSaH / 1. vaha cora se nahIM DaratA hai saH caurAdna bibheti / 10. devadatta pApa se ghRNA karatA hai - devadattaH pApAjjugupsate / 11. vaizya tiloM se ur3ada ko badalatA hai - vaizyaH tilebhyaH mASAn pratiyacchati / 12. cora zAsaka se chipatA hai - cauraH zAsakAt nilIyate / 13. yaha chAtra adhyayana se ghabar3AtA hai parantu zatruoM ko harAtA hai - ayaM chAtraH adhyayanAt parAjayate parantu zatrUn parAjayate / 14. parvata Aga vAlA hai, dhUmavAlA hone se = parvato vahnimAn ghUmAt / niyama 51-nimna sthaloM meM paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai (dekhie, pR0 76-79)(ka) apAdAna kAraka meN| (ba) jisase bhaya ho yA rakSA kI jaae| (ga) jisase kisI ko haTAyA jaae| (ba) jisase niyamapUrvaka vidyA sIkhI jaae| (ja) jisase yA jahAM se koI vastu paidA ho| (ca) do vastuoM kI tulanA meM jisase tulanA kI jaae| (cha) tarka (anumAna vAkya) ke hetu meN| (ja) jisase jugupsA (ghRNA); virAma (rukanA), pramAda (kisI bAta se haTanA) ho| (sa) 'parAjayate' ( asA artha meM) ke yoga meM, jo asahya ho / (ba) 'A' upasarga ( taka artha meM ), prabhRti, Arabhya, bahiH, anantaram , param, avaMm , anya, ArAt (dUra aura samIpa); itara, Rte, aura dizAvAcI (pUrva, uttaraH Adi) zabdoM ke saath| (Ta) chipane kI kriyA meM jisase chipA yA bacA jaae| (Tha) 'pratiyacchati' (badalanA artha meM ) ke yoga meM, jisase badalA jaae| abhyAsa 16-rameza ko isa skUla se pRthak mata kro| himAlaya se lekara kanyAkumArI taka bhArata kA vistAra hai| eka samAna hone para bhI gau se gavaya bhinna hai| kyA adhyApaka se chAtra chupatA hai? dhana se jJAna zreSTha hai| bhAratavAsI zatru se nahIM karate haiN| sevaka bAlaka ko Aga se haTAtA hai| duSToM se hameM bhaya nahIM hai| vaha pustaka ke badale rupayA detA hai| kyA tuma per3a se nahIM gire? saccA mitra vahI hai jo apane mitra ko duSkarma se haTAkara satkarma meM pravRtta kraaye| bIja se aGkara paidA hotA hai| pUrva dizA se sUrya kA udaya hotA hai / pATha 17 : sambandhArtha sadAharaNa-vAkya [ SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga ]1. yaha rAma kI pustaka hai aura yaha usakA vicAra hai - rAmasya pustakamidam ayaJca tasya vicaarH| 2. kyA rAma dhana ke nimitta se kAzI meM rahatA hai % kiM dhanasya hetoH kAzyAM vasati rAmaH? 3. vaha kisa nimitta se par3hatA hai - kasya hetoH saH paThati ? 4. kaviyoM meM kAlidAsa zreSTha hai = kavInAM kaviSu vA kAlidAsaH zreSThaH / 5. tumhAre aura mere meM yahI antara hai = ayameva AvayovizeSaH / 6. mujhe bhI puNya karanA cAhie = mamApi ( mayApi ) puNyaM kartavyam / 7. gItA AyuSmatI ho% gItAyAH bAyuSyaM bhUyAt / sa, adhyayana ke pazcAt vaha pitA ke sAmane vRkSa ke nIce baiThA hai: pituH puraH saH vRkSasyAgho'dhyayanAnantaraM tiSThati / 9. gA~va se dUra athavA vRkSa ke samIpa jAmo = prAmasya dUraM (pUre) vRkSasya nikaTa vA gaccha / 10. vaha mAtA ko ( duHkhapUrvaka ) smaraNa karatA hai = mAtuH smarati sH| 11. vaha dina meM tIna bAra khAtA hai = saH divasasya tribhuGkte / 12. tumhAre lie, maiM saba prakAra kA kaSTa sahane ko taiyAra hU~ taba kRte sarva vidhaM kaSTaM soDhumudyato'smi / 13. mere sAmane hI usane use pITA = mama samakSameva tena saH tADitaH / 14. saMjaya devadatta ke tulya hai parantu abhiSeka kI upamA nahIM hai = saMjayaH devadattasya (devadattena) tulyaH (samaH) parantu nAsti upamA abhiSekasya /

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saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 17-18 15. ziSya guru kA anukaraNa karatA hai - guroH (gurum) anukaroti ziSyaH / 16. use isa nagara se gaye hue Aja tIsarA mahInA hai = asmAt nagarAd gatasya tasya idAnIM tRtIyo mAsaH / 17. saMdIpa ke pANDitya se tuma anabhijJa ho-saMdIpasya pANDityasya (pANDitye)ana bhijJo'si tvam / 18. jagat kA kartA brahmA hai = asti jagataH kartA brahmA / 16. yaha kRSNa kI kRti hai - kRSNasya kRtiriyam / 20. merA sonA aura rAma kA jAnA Akasmika hai = mama zayanaM rAmasya ca gamanamAkasmikam / sambandha, adhikaraNa] 2: anuvAda [183 ke lie kauna sA videza hai aura priyavAdiyoM ke lie kauna parAyA hai ? jisake pAsa svayaM buddhi nahIM hai use kaise jJAna deM? mitra manISa ! yaha tumhAre yogya nahIM hai / mora kA nRtya kise priya nahIM hai ? gurujanoM ke sAmane chAtroM ko mithyA nahIM bolanA cAhie / guru aura ziSya meM utanA hI antara hai jitanA bhagavAn aura bhakta meM / nadI ke pula ke Upara aura nIce jala hI jala hai| niyama 52-nimna sthaloM meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai (dekhie, pR076-81)(ka) jisase sambandha batalAyA jaae| (kha) hetu, kAraNa Adi zabdoM ke prayoga hone para hetu aura hetvartha meM / (ga) jinase bahutoM meM se chAMTA jAe / (gha) jina do cIjoM meM meva (vizeSa, antara Adi zabdoM ke dvArA) sUcita kiyA jaae| (Ga) 'tavyat' Adi 'kRtya' pratyayoM ke prayoga hone para kartA meN| (ca) AyuSya, madra (harSa), bhadra, kuzala Adi zabdoM se jise AzIrvAda diyA jaae| (cha) dakSiNataH, uttarataH, upari, adhaH, purasa, pazcAt, ane, purastAta Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hone para unakA jisase sambandha ho / (ja) dUra aura samIpa artha vAle zabdoM kA prayoga hone para unakA jisase sambandha ho| (jha) duHkha-pUrvaka smaraNa karane ke artha meM tadarthaka dhAtuoM se, jise smRta kiyA jAe / (a) do bAra (dviH), tIna bAra (tri.), sau bAra ( zatakatvaH) Adi jisase saMbandhita hoN| (Ta) kRte (ke lie) aura samakSa (sAmane) avyayoM kA jisase sambandha ho / (4) tulya, sadRza, sama, saMkAza (sadRza), tulA, upamA Adi samAnatA sUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga hone para upamAna meM 1 (3) jisakA anukaraNa (anu+kR), kiyA jAe / (ka) kisI ghaTanA ke samaya se lekara avadhi batalAne para ghaTanA ke pAtra tathA ghaTanA-sUcaka kRdanta meM / (Na) abhiza (zAtA), anabhijJa Adi vizeSaNoM ke karma meN| (ta) 'kRt' pratyayAnta zabdoM kA prayoga hone para karma meM aura karma ke na hone para kartA meM / abhyAsa-17. banArasa ke pAsa sAranAtha hai / gItA kA putra rAjA kA smaraNa (duHkhapUrvaka) karatA hai| pitA ke bAra-bAra manA karane para bhI usake putra ne adhyayana chor3a diyA / kyA tuma dina meM so bAra gAlI dete ho? tumhAre sAmane hI usane bI. e. kI parIkSA pAsa kara lI hai| vaha sabhI zAstroM meM paNDita hai parantu vyavahAra se anabhijJa hai| kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya sabhI vizvavidyAlayoM meM zreSTha hai| vidvAnoM pATha 18 : adhikaraNa kAraka sadAharaNa-vAkya [ saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga ] 1. devadatta maJca para khelatA hai = maJce krIDati devdttH| 2. mohana vRddhAvasthA meM bhI prAtaH par3hatA hai - vRddhAvasthAyAmapi prAtaHkAle (prAtaH) paThati mohanaH / 3. chAtroM meM rameza paTutama hai - chAtreSu (chAtrANAM) ramezaH paTutamaH / 4. usakA mujha para sneha hai = tasya mayi snehaH / 5. putravatsala tumhAre meM aisI kaThoratA ucita nahIM hai-putravatsale svayi (putravatsalasya tava ) IdRzI kaThoratA na upayujyate / 6. vaha deza-sevA aura adhyayana meM lagA hai%DdezasevAyAmadhyayane ca vyApUtaH sH| 7. tumhAre dvArA aisA karane para aura mere rakSaka hote hue dharma kArya maiM vina kahA~ = tvayA tathA'nuSThite mayi ca rakSitari dharmakAyeM vighnaH kutaH ? 8. sUrya ke asta hone para ve ghara Aye = sUrye'staGgate sati gRhaM samAyAtAste / 6. putroM ke rote rahane para bhI vaha sanyAsI ho gayA = putreSu datsu (putrANAM ___ rudatAM ) saH saMnyastavAn / 10. rAma ke bana cale jAne para bharata Aye = rAme vanaM gate AgatavAn bharata: (krtR.)| rAmeNa vane gate Agato bharataH (krm)| 11. gAyoM ke (bhaviSya meM) duhe jAte samaya vaha jAyegI = goSu dhokSyamANAsu sA gamiSyati / 12. gAyoM ke ( atIta kAla meM ) duhe jAte samaya vaha gayA yA = goSu dugdhAsu saH gtH| 13. jyoM hI Apa Ae tyoM hI ghar3A girA = praviSTamAtre eva bhavati ghaTo'patat / 14. vaha camar3e ke lie hAthI ko mAratA hai-parmaNi dIpinaM hanti sH| 15. usane apane zava para bANa pheMke - tena svazatrI zarAH kssiptaaH|

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- pUrvakAlikA viyarthaka ] 2. anuvAda [185 pUrvakAlika kriyA se 'kara' yA 'karake' artha nikalatA ho to pUrvakAlika kriyA ('kara' yA 'karake' ) meM 'paravA' (tvA) yA 'lyap' (ya) pratyaya jor3a diyA jAtA hai| abhyAsa-19. kautsa ne adhyayana samApta kara guru se dakSiNA lene kA Agraha kiyaa| sureza bI0 e. parIkSA pAsa karake bambaI meM naukarI kregaa| chAtra guru ko praNAma karake parIkSA dene jAyeMge / komA pAnI pIkara ur3a gyaa| coroM ne ghara meM ghusakara corI kI parantu pulisa ne unheM daur3Akara pakar3a liyaa| rAkSasoM ko jItakara zrIrAma sItA ke sAtha ayodhyA lauTe / pratijJA karake kaho ki maiM satya bolNgaa| kyA rameza kA par3osI ghara ke sabhI sadasyoM ko rotA huA chor3akara sanyAsI ho gayA ? 184] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 19-20 niyama-53 nimna sthaloM meM saptamI vibhakti hotI hai (dekhiye, pR. 51-52)(ka) adhikaraNa kAraka meN| (kha) samayabodhaka zabdoM meM / (ga) jisa samudAya se choTA jaae| (pa) sniha, abhilae, anuraJ (ganurakta honA) Adi prema, Asakti vizvAsa evaM AdarasUcaka kriyAoM ke viSaya meN| () yogyatA athavA upayuktatA Adi arthoM vAle zabdoM ke AdhAra meM / (ca) vyAvRta (kisI kAma meM lagA huA ), Asakta, vyagra ( utAvalA ), tatpara, kuzala, nipuNa, sAdhu, pravINa, pada, dakSa Adi ke viSaya meN| (cha) rahate hae', 'hone para', 'karane para ina arthoM meM / (ja) eka kriyA ke ho jAne para jaba dUsarI kriyA kA honA batalAyA jAye tI pahale prArambha hone vAlI kriyA (kRdanta kriyA) aura kartRvAcya ke katA meM gA karmavAcya ke karma meM (yadi aise vAkyoM se anAdara kA bhAva vyakta ho to SaSThI bhI / jaise-vAkya naM0-1)(a) jyoM hI, itane hI meM, usI kSaNa ina arthoM meM / (ba) jisa phala ke lie koI kAma kiyA jAe (yadi prayojana usa kriyA ke karma se yukta ho)| (2) jise lakSya karake kSip (phaikanA), as (phaizanA), muc (chor3anA) Adi kriyAoM kA prayoga ho| abhyAsa 1-kumuda gRha kalA meM catura hai parantu par3hane meM kamajora hai| manoramA sabhI chAtrAoM meM dakSa hai / chAtra pustakoM meM anurakta hoMge / mere bhojana karate samaya varSA huii| jaise hI pAnI girA maiM ghara pahu~cA / kyA ApakI mujha para pUrvavat kRpAdRSTi rahegI? jisane bAlyAvasthA meM nahIM par3hA vaha pRtAvasthA meM kyA par3hegA? jo adhyayana meM nipuNa haiM unakA sarvatra satkAra hotA hai| Apa merI bImArI ke viSaya meM cintA na kIjiye / camar3e ke lie mRga ko mAranA kyA hiMsA nahIM hai ? maiM nahIM jAnatA kyoM mere hRdaya meM tumhAre Upara vizvAsa hai / kyA kiraNa skUla meM par3hatI hai ? pATha 16 : pUrvakAlika ('kara' yA 'karake' ) vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'kvA' aura 'lyap pratyayoM kA prayoga ] 1. hama pustakeM par3hakara caleMge = vayaM pustakAni paThitvA paliSyAmaH / 2. vaha snAna karake jAtI hai = sA snAnaM kRtvA (snAtvA) gacchati / 3. rAma phala khAkara gayA-rAmaH phalaM bhuktvA gacchati sma / 4. yoddhA zatruoM ko jItakara aura bahuta se upahAra pAkara vApasa bAtA hai - yoddhA zatrUn vijitya (jitvA) bahUnupahArAn labdhvA ca nivrtte| 5. ve talavAra lekara yuddhasthala meM gae - te khaGgAnAdAya yuddhabhUmimagacchan / niyama-54. pUrvakAlika vAkyoM meM eka kriyA ke hone para dUsarI kriyA kA honA pAyA jAtA hai| aise vAkyoM meM yadi donoM kriyAnoM kA kartA eka hI ho aura pATha 20: vidhyarthaka ('cAhie' Adi) vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'tavyat', 'anIyara' aura 'yat' pratyayoM kA prayoga]1. ziSya ko guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA cAhie (ziSya guru kI AjJA kA pAlana kare) = ziSyaH guroH AjJA pAlayet (krtR0)| ziSyeNa guroH pAzA pAlanIyA (krm)| 2. use aisA vAkya nahIM bolanA cAhie = saH etAdRzaM vAkyaM na vadetR (krtR0)| sena etAdRzaM vAkyaM na vAcyam (krm)| 3. mujhe gA~va jAnA cAhie = ahaM pAma gaccheyam / mayA grAmaH gantavyaH / 4. mujhe honA cAhie = ahaM bhaveyam ( kartR.) / mayA bhavitavyam (bhaav0)| 5. sadA satkarma karanA cAhie - sadA satkarmANi kartavyAni (krnniiyaani)| 6. hameM nirvaloM kI rakSA karanA cAhie = asmAbhiH nirbalAH rakSaNIyAH / .. tumheM vyAkhyAna denA hogA = tvayA vyAkhyAtavyaM bhaviSyati / 8. hamAre kartavya karma bahuta hai - asmAkaM karttavyakarmANi bahUni santi / 1. mujhe Aja Apako kyA denA cAhie = bhavate mayA adya kiM deyam / 10. yaha rAjA stuti kA viSaya hai = stutyaH khalu asI raajaa| niyama--55. 'cAhie' artha meM kartRvAcya meM 'vidhiliG' kA, karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya meM 'tavyat', 'anIyara' aura 'yat' pratyayAnta kriyAoM kA prayoga hotA hai| 56. kabhI-kabhI inakA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai / (8) 57. 'tavyata', 'anIyara' aura 'yat' pratyayAnta kriyAoM kA liGga aura vacana karmavAcya meM karma ke anusAra tathA bhAvavAcya meM sadA napuM0 ekavacana meM hotA hai|

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186] saMskRta-pravezikA . [pATha : 21-22 abhyAsa-20. sabhI ko apanA kAma samaya para pUrA kara lenA cAhie / use ha~sanA cAhie / guru ke caraNa pUjanIya haiN| unheM apanA pATha par3hanA caahie| hama saba deza kI rakSA kreN| pUjanIya guru jI kahA~ jA rahe haiM? yaha avazya karaNIya kArya kala avazya honA cAhie / tRNa kI bhI upekSA nahIM karanA caahie| kyA hamAre kulapati prazaMsA ke yogya haiM? una donoM ko parIkSA denA hogii| parIkSA meM praSTavya prazna bahuta haiM, ataH hameM sabhI praznoM ke uttara yAda karanA caahie| pATha 21 : tulanAtmaka (Degree) vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'tarap' aura 'tamap' pratyayoM kA prayoga ]-- 1. ka. zyAma catura hai = zyAmaH paTuH asti / kha. zyAma se rameza adhika catura hai = zyAmAda ramezaH paTutaraH / ga. rAma sabase adhika catura hai = sarveSa (sarveSAM) rAmaH paTuptamaH / 2. ka. devadatta susta thA = devadattaH mandaH AsIt / ba. devadatta se yajJadatta susta thA = devadattAt yajJadattaH mandataraH AsIt / ga. sureza sabase adhika susta thA - surezaH sarveSu (sarveSAM) mandatamaH AsIt / 3. rameza se zyAma adhika duSTa nahIM hai = ramezAt zyAmaH duSTataraH nAsti / 4. rAma aura sItA meM sItA hI mRdu hai - sItArAmayoH sItA eva mRdutraa| 5. ina donoM meM kauna adhika sAdhu hai = anayoH kaH sAdhutaraH? 6. sabhI chAtrAoM meM sItA sabase adhika yogya hai - sarvAsu chAtrAsa ( sarvAsA chAtrANAm ) sItA yogyatamA asti| 7. zyAma sabase adhika bhArI, buddhimAn, yogya aura catura hai = sarveSu zyAmaH gurutamaH, buddhimattamaH, yogyatamaH, paTutamaH ca asti| 8. parIkSA meM pahale sarala praznoM ko hI hala karanA cAhie pazcAta dUsare praznoM ko parIkSAyAM pUrva saralatamAH eva praznAH samAdheyAH tadanu anye prshnaaH| 6. sabhI devoM meM rAma ko hI sarvAdhika prazasya jAno sarveSu deveSu rAmameva prazasyatamaM jAnIhi / 10. Aja sarvAdhika balavAn kA hI rAjya hai = adya prabalatamasyaiva rAjyam / niyama-58. jaba do kI tulanA meM eka kA atizaya ( utkRSTatA athavA hrAsa) batalAyA jAtA hai, to-(ka) atizaya-vAcaka vizeSaNa meM 'tarap' (tara) pratyaya jor3a diyA jAtA hai / (kha) jisakI apekSA atizaya batalAyA jAtA hai usameM paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai / (ga) jaba tulanIya donoM vastuoM kA dvandva-samAsa ho to unameM saptamI kA tulanAtmaka preraNAtmaka ] 2: anuvAda [17 dvivacana hotA hai (4-5) / (gha) 'tara' pratyayAnta vizeSaNa ke liGga, vacana Adi vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiM 56. jaba do se adhika kI tulanA meM eka kA atizaya batalAyA jAtA hai to atizaya-vAcaka vizeSaNa meM 'tamap' (tama) pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| (kha) jinakI apekSA atizaya batalAyA jAtA hai unameM 'SaSThI' yA 'saptamI' vibhakti hotI hai| (ga) 'tamap' pratyayAnta vizeSaNa ke liGga, vacana Adi vizeSya ke anusAra hote hai| abhyAsa 21-sabhI AmraphaloM meM banArasI Ama mIThA hotA hai| bhAratavarSa sabhI dezoM meM zreSTha hai / mohana zyAma se adhika catura nahIM hai| ina donoM meM kauna adhika buddhimAna hai ? rAjA dazaratha kI patniyoM meM kauzalyA sabase bar3I thii| sureza maheza se adhika sarala svabhAvI hai parantu par3hane meM mRdu hai| damayantI saba striyoM meM sundara hogii| gaGgA aura yamunA meM gaGgA kA mahattva adhika hai| phUloM meM zirISa phUla adhika komala hotA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI sabhI vyAkaraNa ke pranthoM meM prazasya hai / sumana sabhI chAtrAoM meM adhika suzIla hai| . pATha 22 : preraNAtmaka (Causative ) vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya ["Nic' pratyaya kA prayoga ]-- 1. (ka) chAtra lekha likhatA hai - chAtraH lekhaM likhati / (kha) adhyApaka chAtra se lekha likhavAtA hai - adhyApaka chAtreNa lekha lekhayati / 2. (ka) rAma kArya karatA hai aura pAcaka bhAta pakAtA hai = rAmaH kArya karoti pAcakaH ca odanaM pacati / (kha) maiM rAma se kArya karavAtA hU~ aura pAcaka se bhAta pakavAtA hai - ahaM rAmeNa (rAma) kArya kArayAmi pAcakena ca odana pAcayAmi / 3. (ka) devadatta gA~va jAtA hai = devadattaH grAmaM gacchati / - (kha) rAma devadatta ko gAMva bhejatA hai = rAmaH devadattaM grAma gamayati / 4. (ka) vaha baiThatA hai % saH Aste / (kha) tuma use baiThAte ho = tvaM tam Asayasi / 5. vaha zyAma ko bhAta khilAtA hai aura manISA ko rAmAyaNa par3hAtA hai - saH zyAmam odanaM bhojayati manISAca rAmAyaNaM pAThayati / 6. zyAma chAtra ke dvArA gItA ko gAMva bhejatA hai aura svayaM sotA hai-mAma chAtreNa gItA prAma gaNapati banI 7. maiMne naukara se bojhA tulavAyA - ahaM romakega gAragAhamA /

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188] saMskRta pravezikA [pATha : 23-24 8. dazaratha ne apane putra rAma ko vana bhejAmdavArathaH svaputra rAmaM dhanamagamayat / 6. mitra ko ghara meM praveza karAo = mitraM gRhaM pravezaya / 10. guru chAtroM ko veda par3hAyeM = guruH chAtrAn vedamadhyApayatu / 11. tuma ise kyoM nahIM par3Ate ho - tvamimaM kimartha ma pAThayasi ? niyama-60. preraNAtmaka vAkyoM meM Nijanta-kriyA (dekhie, pariziSTa 3 tathA pR0 70) kA prayoga hotA hai| _Nijanta kriyA kA prayoga karate samaya kartRvAcya meM-(ka) sAmAnya rUpa se prayojya-kartA (aNijanta kriyA kA kartA) meM tRtIyA, prayojaka-kartA (Nijanta kriyA kA kartA) meM prathamA, karma meM dvitIyA aura kriyA prayojaka-kartA ke anusAra hogii| (ba) akarmaka, gatyarvaka, zAnArthaka, bhakSaNArthaka, zabdakarmaka, parasmaipadI 'dRz' Adi kucha dhAtuoM ke hone para prayojya-karttA meM dvitIyA hogii| (ga)'' aura 'kR' dhAtuoM (AtmanepadI 'dRz' bhI) ke hone para prayojya- kartA meM dvitIyA athavA tRtIyA donoM vikalpa se ho sakatI haiN| (pa) yadi koI prayojaka-kartA kisI dUsare prayojaka-kattA se prerita hokara (prayojya kartA se) kArya karAtA hai to dvitIya prayojakamA meM dvitIyA na hokara (gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke hone para bhI) tRtIyA hI hogii| abhyAsa 22-mArIca rAvaNa se sItA kA apaharaNa karavAtA hai| bhagavAn sabako sukha dete haiN| maiMne apane mitra kA vizvavidyAlaya meM praveza karavAyA / zera bAlaka ko harAtA hai| tapasvI tRNoM se bhUgo ke baccoM ko tRpta karate haiN| mantrI rAjA se use dhana dilAtA hai| sumantra ke dvArA rAma bana le jAye jAte hai| kaurava pANDavoM ko vana meM bhejate haiN| mAtA bAlaka ko candramA dikhAtI hai| guru chAtra ko zAstra par3hAtA hai| sUrya kamaloM ko vikasita karatA hai| vizvAmitra ne janaka kI putrI ke sAtha rAma kA vivAha karavAyA / paNDita grAmavAsiyoM ko kathA sunAtA hai / sAghu sAdagI se jIvana kA nirvAha karate haiN| kyA adhyApaka ne chAtra se kArya karavAyA? __ pATha 23 : nimittArthaka vAkya udAharaNa-vAkya [ 'tumun pratyaya kA prayoga]1. kyA ve zatru ko mArane ke lie ziva kI upAsanA karate haiM ki te zatru ___hantuM (hananAya) zivamupAsante / 2. gItA bhojana ke lie prayatna karatI hai = gItA bhoktuM ( bhojanAya ) yatate / 3. tuma yaha kArya nahIM kara sakate ho = tvamidaM kArya kartuM na zaknoSi / nimittArthaka; hetuhetu.] 2 : anuvAda [16 4. maiM vidyAbhyAsa ke lie kAzI jAU~gA parantu bhAgya meM likhe hue ko kona miTA sakatA hai = ahaM vidyAbhyAsa katuM (karaNAya) kAzI gamiSyAmi parantu lalATe likhitaM projjhituM kA samarthaH? 5. vana jAne kI icchA hai = vanaM gantum (gamanAya ) icchAsti / 6. yaha jAne kA samaya hai = gantuM ( gamanAya ) velA iyamasti / 7. vaha bolane kA icchuka hai = saH vaktukAmaH asti / 8. maiM jItane ke lie paryApta hai = ahaM jetuM paryAptaH ( alam ) asmi / niyama-61. nimna sthaloM meM dhAtuoM se 'tumun' (tum ) pratyaya jur3atA hai-(ka) nimittArthaka 'ko' yA 'ke lie' artha prakaTa hone para / (kha)'jAne vAlA hai yA 'jAne ko hai' isa artha ke hone para / (ga) kAla-vAcaka (samaya, velA Adi) zabdoM ke hone para / (gha) paryApta, samartha, alam Adi zabdoM ke hone pr| noTa-'tuman' pratyayAnta avyaya aura mukhya kriyA kA kartA eka hI hotA hai| abhyAsa-23 putra kI rakSA karane ke lie vaha yuddha-sthala meM gayA / tuma yaha kArya nahIM kara sakate ho / ve jala meM snAna karane nadI ke kinAre gye| maiM kAleja jAne kI taiyAra hai| chAtra pustakeM kharIdane ke lie bAjAra jAte haiN| yaha samaya par3hane kA hai, khelane kA nhiiN| zAyada Apa aura kucha kahanA cAhate haiM / pitA jI kumbha-snAna ke lie prayAga gaye / tuma gAne ke lie kahA~ jAoge ? vaijJAnika zAstra samasta saMsAra ko naSTa karane meM samartha haiN| kyA kala tumhArA naukara kAma karane ke lie nahIM AyA? maiM jAnanA cAhatA hU~ ki yaha patra kisane likhA hai ? kyA tuma vyAkaraNa par3hanA cAhate ho? pasIne se nahAI huI bhI vaha nahAne ke lie tAlAba meM uttrii| pATha 24 : hetuhetumadbhAvAtmaka ( Conditional ) vAkya sadAharaNa-vAkya [ 'yadi', 'yet' aura 'hi' kA prayoga]1. yadi tuma merI bAta sunoge to jIvana meM sukhI rahoge = yadi mama vacanaM zRNosi tvaM tahi jIvane sukhI bhaviSyasi / 2. yadi vaha yajJa karegA to anayoM kA vinAza avazya hogA = yadi yajJaM karoti saH tahi anaryAnAM vinAzo bhaviSyati / 3. yadi maiM vahA~ jAU~gA to vahA~ usa kanyA ko dekheMgA = yadi tatra gacchAmyahaM tahi tatra to kanyako drakSyAmi / 4. yadi vaha tumhArA mitra hai to tumhArA kAma avazya karegA yadi saH tava mitramasti tahi tava kAryam avazyaM kariSmati /

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190] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 25-26 5. yadi tuma vahA~ rahate ho to vahA~ ke vizvavidyAlaya kI sthiti kA varNana karo = yadi tvaM tatrAdhivasasi tahi tatratyasya vizvavidyAlayasya sthiti varNayasva / 6. yadi aisI bAta hai to tuma jAgo = etAdRzI vArtA cettahi gaccha / 7. yadi tuma yahAM Ate to maiM tumhAre sAtha calatA - yadi tvam atra AgacchaH tahi ahaM tvayA saha vrajeyam / 8. yadi rAma parizrama karatA to parIkSA meM pAsa hotA = yadi rAmaH parizrama __ makarot tahi parIkSAyAM saphalatAmalabhata (lbhet)| niyama 62-hetuhetumadbhAva vAle vAkyoM meM nimna niyama yAda rakheM-(ka) pUrvAddha meM 'yadi' athavA 'cet' kA aura uttarArdha meM tahi zabda kA prayoga / (kha) donoM vAkyoM se bhaviSyatkAla kA athavA pUvArddha se vartamAna kAla kA aura uttarArdha se bhaviSyat kAla kA bodha ho to pUrvArdha meM vartamAna kAla kI kiyA kA aura uttarArdha meM bhaviSyat kAla kI kriyA kA prayoga | kabhI-kabhI donoM meM bhaviSyat kAla kI kriyA bhI hotI hai|' (ga) yadi donoM vAkyoM se vartamAna kAla kA bodha ho to donoM meM vartamAna kAla kI kriyA kA prayoga / (gha) yadi pUrvAda se vartamAna kAla kA aura uttarAdhaM se athavA donoM vAkyoM se 'AjJA' Adi kA bodha ho to pUrvArTa meM vartamAnakAla kI kriyA kA aura uttarArdha meM loTa yA vidhiliGakA prayoga / (Ga) yadi donoM vAkyoM meM bhUtakAla kA bodha ho to donoM meM bhUtakAla kI kriyA kA pryog| abhyAsa 24-yadi tuma prAtaH pustaka par3hoge to parIkSA meM avazya pAsa hoge| yadi vaha AtA hai to maiM jaauuNgaa| yadi sUryodaya hone para tuma bhagavAn kA smaraNa karoge to jIvana meM sukhI rahoge / yadi aisI bAta hai to tuma apanA kAma karo / yadi prayAma adhyayana karatA to parIkSA meM prathama zreNI se pAsa hotaa| manoja yadi vahA~ jAye to merA bhI sAmAna letA jaaye| yadi tuma pratidina samAcAra patra par3hoge to saMsAra kI khabareM jAna loge / yadi tuma Aoge to mujhe avazya yahA~ dekhoge / maiM grmii| kI chuTTiyoM meM yadi pahAr3a kI yAtrA para jAtA to svAsthya lAbha krtaa| pATha 25 : 'karane vAlA' arthavAcaka zabda udAharaNa-vAkya ['Nvula' aura 'tRca' pratyayoM kA prayoga] 1. isa gAMva meM eka upAsaka rahatA hai = grAme'sminnekaH upAsako nivasati / 1. vastutaH aise vAkyoM maiM 'luG lakAra ke prayoga kA vidhAna hai / jaise-suvRSTipacedabhaviSyat subhikSamabhaviSyat / yadi saH AgamiSyahi tena saha agamiSyam / 'karane vAlA'; bhAvavAcaka] 2: anuvAda 2. lekhaka aura lekhikA sevaka ke sAtha jAte haiM - lekhakaH lekhikA ca (lekhako) sebakena saha gcchtH| 3. zatru prANoM ke ghAtaka haiM = zatravaH prANAnAM ghAtakAssanti / 4. jagat kA kartA, dhartA aura saMhartA Izvara hai = jagataH kartA, ghartA, saMhartA ca Izvaro'sti / 5. kyA dAtA jJAtA ko dhana detA hai = dAtA jJAtra dhanaM dadAti kim ? 6. dhana kA hartA jAtA hai - gacchati dhanasya hartA / niyama 63-'karane vAlA' athavA 'vAlA' artha meM 'vula' (aka) athavA 'tRca' (tR) pratyayoM kA prayoga hotA hai / ( kabhI-kabhI 'vul' kA prayoga 'tumun kI taraha kriyA ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| jaise-rAmaM darzako draSTuM vA yaati)| inake liGga, vibhakti aura vacana vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiM tathA inake karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| abhyAsa 25-pAThikAyeM skUla meM chAtrAoM ko vyAkaraNa par3hA rahI hai / rasoIyA khAnA pakA rahA hai aura bhojana karane vAle bhojana kara rahe haiM / isa muhalle meM pustakoM ke vikretA adhika haiM parantu kharIdane vAle kama / ve sabhI gAyaka ke sAtha gAnA gaayeNge| Ajakala deza ke niyAmaka pathabhraSTa ho rahe haiN| isa vizvavidyAlaya ke chAtra khUba adhyayana karane vAle haiN| dhana kA haraNa karane vAlA cora bhAga gayA / veda pApoM ko nAza karane vAlA hai| kyA isa nagara meM koI acchA gavaiyA nahIM hai? pATha 26 : bhAva-vAcaka saMjJAyeM "mamani sadAharaNa-vAkya ('lyuT', 'gha' aura 'ktin' pratyayoM kA prayoga) 1. tumhArA kahanA satya hai = tava kathanaM satyamasti / 2. usa sabhA meM bhASaNa do- tasyA sabhAyAM bhASaNaM kuru / 3. merA usa samaya jAnA aura usakA usa samaya ronA Avazyaka thA tadA mama gamanaM tasya tadA rodanaM cAvazyakamAsIn / 4. kyA adhika par3hanA aura adhika khelanA ThIka nahIM hai % adhikaM paThanam ati krIDanaJca varaM nAsti kim ? 5. sadAcAra hI parama dharma hai = sadAcAra eva paramo dhrmH| 6. tyAga kI mahimA acintya hai - tyAgasya mahimA macintyaH / 7. sarvatra sotsAha pravRtta honA cAhiye = sarvatra sotsAhema pramatitamA / 8. isa rAjA kI kIti digantavyApinI hai - asya jo vigatamAmilA /

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sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa ] 2: anuvAda [193 192] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 27 6. merI dharma meM buddhi aura karma meM pravRtti hai = asti buddhiH dharma pravRttizca / karmaNi mm| niyama 64-bhAva-vAcaka saMjJAyeM banAne ke lie 'lyuT' (ana), 'gha' (a) aura 'ktim' (ti) pratyaya dhAtu meM jur3ate haiM / 'lyuT' pratyayAnta zabda napuM0, 'ghana' pratyayAnta zabda puM0 aura 'ktina' pratyayAnta zabda strI0 meM hameSA hote haiM / ina zabdoM ke sAtha karma meM SaSThI hotI hai| abhyAsa 26-saMsAra se mukti milanA kaThina hai| kyA Aja ApakA bhASaNa hogA? sureza kI kIti aura rItA kI dharma meM buddhi eka sAtha huI / yahA~ sabakA praveza saMbhava nahIM hai / sukha aura duHkha meM samabhAva rakhanA cAhie / bhagavAn kA bhajana karo aura baccoM kA bharaNa poSaNa | buddhi se dhana aura dhana se sukha prApta hotA hai| sabhI jIvoM kA maraNa avazyaMbhAvI hai| Aja sabhA meM kauna sA prastAva rakhA jAyegA? isa viSaya meM punaHvicAra apekSita hai| manISA dUdha kA pAna karatI hai aura usakI buddhi nirmala hai| pATha 27 : sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa udAharaNa vAkya [ eka, dvi, aura bahuvacana kA vizeSa prayoga ] 1. vaha prabhu tuma donoM kI rakSA kare = saH prabhuH vAm (yuvAm) pAtu / 2. tuma yaha pustaka lo aura rAma yaha sAr3I le - gRhANa tvametad pustakaM / gRhNAtu rAmazvemA zATikAm / 3. jaba taka sotA vaha taila-citra lAtI hai taba taka tuma vaha makAna dekho| = tAvatvam adaH gRhaM pazya yAvat sItA tatailacitramAmayati / / 4. isa kakSA meM kitane chAtra haiM = kati chAtrAssanti kakSAyAmasyAm ? 5. sunItA kahatI hai ki jo jAtA hai vaha punaH lauTakara nahIM AtA hai = sunItA kathayati yada yo gacchati na punarAgacchati sH| 6. kyA yaha chAtrayugala pustaka par3hatA hai = kimidaM chAtrayugalaM pustakaM paThati ? 7. pati-patnI athavA mAtA-pitA jAte haiM = dampatI pitarau vA gacchataH / 8. donoM bAlaka khelate haiM = ubhau bAlako kriiddtH| 6. hama saba do netroM se dekhate haiM = vayaM netradvayena ( netrAbhyAm ) pazyAmaH / 10. pUjya gurudeva jAte haiM % gacchanti pUjyAH guravaH / 11. maiM magadha deza gayA, aGga deza nahIM = ahaM magadhAnagaccham, nAGgadezam / 12. brAhmaNa pUjya haiM, zUdra nahIM prAhmaNAH pUjyAH, na shuudraaH| 13. usa dArA (strI) ko yaha akSata do = tebhyo dArobhyaH imAnakSatAn dehi||| 14. yahA~ cAra kanyAyeM aura bIsa bAlaka haiM %D santi catasraH kanyAH, viMzatiH baalkaashcaatr| 15. ghar3A dravya hai aura zabda pramANa - ghaTo dravyam, zabdazca pramANam / 16. koI bhI puruSa athavA koI bhI strI kucha bhI par3he : kazcit (kazcana, pho'pi bA) puruSaH kAcit (kAdhana, kApi vA) strI vA kizcidapi (kicana kimapi vA) paThatu / niyama-65. asmad aura yuSmad zabdoM ke vaikalpika rUpoM (mA, nau, naH, me tathA lA, nAma, vaH, te) kA prayoga vAkya ke Arambha meM, chanda ke caraNa ke prArambha meM; ca, vA, ha, aha, eva Adi agyayoM ke sAtha meM tathA sambodhana ke turanta bAda meM nahIM hotA hai| 66. idam aura etad se 'yaha' kA artha-bodha hotA hai parantu 'etada' zabda kA prayoga atyanta nikaTavartI ke lie hotA hai| 67. tad aura adas se 'vaha' kA artha-bodha hotA hai parantu 'tad' zabda kA prayoga atyanta dUravartI (parokSa) ke lie hotA hai| 68. 'yat' zabda kA prayoga jaba 'ki' ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai to vaha napuM0 ekavacana meM hI hotA hai| 69. jaba 'yat' aura 'tat' zabda kA sApekSa sarvanAma ke rUpa meM prayoga hotA hai to 'yat' aura 'tat' ke liGga, vibhakti aura vacana eka jaise hote haiN| 70. netra, paira, hAtha Adi jor3e vAle zabdoM kA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se dvivacana meM hotA hai| 71. Adara artha meM 'eka' vyakti ke lie bhI bahuvacana kA prayoga hotA hai| 72. rAjya, deza, janapada mAdi ke vAcaka zabdoM meM bahuvacana kA prayoga hotA hai| yadi 'magara' yA 'deza' zabda anta meM ho to ekavacana / 73. jAti-vodhaka zabdoM se yadi jAti kA hI artha batalAnA abhISTa ho to bahuvacana athavA ekavacana donoM kA prayoga hogaa| 74. yugala Adi ke sAtha ekavacama hotA hai| abhyAsa 27-yaha lekhanI kisakI hai? vaha kanyA aura vaha bAlaka kahA~ gaye? isa skUla meM adhyApakoM kI aura chAtroM kI saMkhyA kitanI hai? yA yugala khelate haiM ? kauna bhAtA-pitA apane baccoM se prema nahIM karate hai? mahalI kisakI patnI hai? isa nagara meM bIsa vidyAlaya tathA pAca mahAvidhAnamA

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194] saMskRta-pravezikA [pATha : 28 bhI pustaka lAo aura koI sA bhI pATha par3hakara sunaao| varSA meM nadiyA~ bAlU bahAkara le gii| azvinIkumAra jJAna dete haiN| ina phUloM ko dekho| suzIlA na to pairoM se calatI hai aura na kAnoM se sunatI hai| ye kanyAyeM apsarAoM ke tulya haiN| kitane varSoM taka vaha jIvita rahA? Apa hI isa viSaya meM pramANa haiN| jo strI AtI hai vahI yahA~ kAma karatI hai| 'hone para' vAkya ] 2: anuvAda [ 165 ke rUpa meM prayukta hogA aura taba uttaravAkya ke kartRvAcya hone para donoM meM prathamA hogii| karmavAcya hone para donoM meM tRtIyA hogI, saptamI nhiiN| (8) abhyAsa 28-anItA ke par3ha lene para gItA aaii| una striyoM ke so jAne para cora aaye| kheta meM kisAnoM dvArA kArya kara lene para usakA mAlika AyA / adhyApaka dvArA kakSA meM pATha par3A lene para rameza ghara gyaa| vizvavidyAlaya meM mere dvArA puraskAra prApta karane para sabhI chAtra prasanna hue| mere dvArA uttarapustikAyeM likha lene para nirIkSaka mahodaya gye| gAtI huI chAtrAoM ne nAcanA prArambha kiyA / khelakara jAte hue mujhe adhyApaka ne bulAyA / kyA sinemA kI sabhI TikaTeM bika jAne para maiM khir3akI para pahu~cA? pATha 28 : 'hone para' artha vAle vAkya udAharaNa vAkya [ 'kRt' pratyaya evaM 'saptamI-vibhakti' kA prayoga ]1. rAma ke vana cale jAne para dazaratha ne prANa chor3e = rAme vanaM gate dazarathaH prANAn tyaktavAn ( krtR0)| rAmeNa bane gate dazarathena prANAH syaktAH (krm)| 2. sUrya ke asta ho jAne para chAtra ghara gaye = sUrya astaGgate chAtrAH gRhama gacchan / 3. hama striyoM ke pustakeM par3ha lene para vaha pAyA = asmAsu strISu pustakAni paThitavatISu AgataH sH| 4. kyA mere dvArA gItA par3ha lene para aura usake dvArA upaniSadeM par3ha lene para pitA jI Ae = kiM mayA gItAyAM paThitAyAM tena ca upaniSatsu paThitAsu pitA AgataH? 5. una striyoM ke prasthAna kara jAne para maiM bolA = prasthitAsu tAsu strISu uktavAnaham / 6. bhojana karake ghara kI ora hamAre Ate hue hone para chAtra dikhAI diye = bhojanaM kRtvA asmAsu gRhaM prati Agacchatsu satsu dRSTAH chAtrAH / 7. mere sevA karane para sabhI prasanna hue = mayi sevamAnAyAM sarve prahRSTAH / 8. Ae hue devadatta ne adhyayana prArambha kiyA = Agatena devadatena adhyayana prArabdham / niyama-75. (ka) jaba pUrvakAlika vAkya tathA uttarakAlika vAkya ke kartA bhinna-bhinna hoM aura pUrvakAlika kriyA se 'ho jAne para' yA 'ho pakane para' artha nikalatA ho to pUrvakAlika kriyA meM 'kta'ktavat', 'zata'-'zAna' Adi pratyayoM kA prayoga hogA dikhie, pATha 18-19] / (kha) yadi aise vAkyoM meM eka hI kartA kA - do bAra ullekha kiyA gayA ho to pUrvakAlika vAkya kA bhAva kartA ke vizeSaNa

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bhAga:3: nibandha (Composition) (1) kAzI-hindU-vizvavidyAlayaH asmAkaM deze aneka mahAvidyAlayAH vizvavidyAlayAzca santi paraM kAzI-hindavizvavidyAlayaH sarvAn atizete / ayaM vizvavidyAlayaH na kevalaM bhAratasya apitu samastasaMsArasya prakhyAtatameSu vizvavidyAlayeSu ekaH / atra kalA-vijJAna-vANijya-saMgIta 1. 'ni+bandhu - nibandha (acchI taraha se bA~dhanA ) / kisI viSaya para parimArjita bhASA meM svataH paripUrNa kramabaddha vicAroM ke lekhana ko 'nibandha' kahate haiN| ataH-(1) vaNita viSaya kI pUrNatA, (2) vicAroM kI kramabaddhatA tathA (3) bhASA kI parimArjitatA-ye tIna mukhya bAteM nibandha meM hotI haiN| isake lie jarUrI hai ki-(ka) bhASA-zailI sarala, sarasa, artha-gambhIra, bhAvAnurUpa, svAbhAvika, vyAkaraNa se zuddha, pravAhapUrNa, subhASita-lokokti-alaGkAra Adi se alakRta, tathA punarukti-kliSTatA-saMdigdhatA-anAvazyaka vistAra Adi doSoM se rahita ho| (ba) nibandha ke prArambha meM prabhAvotpAdaka saMkSipta prastAvanA ( isameM viSaya-nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| prastAvanA prArambha karane ke kaI baGga haiN| jaise-viSaya kI paribhASA se, upayogitA se, sUkti yA kahAvata se, dRzyavarNana se, ghaTanA vizeSa se, Adi) ho| (ga) anta meM sAragarbhita saMkSipta upasaMhAra tathA madhyabhAga meM viSaya ke vividha pahaluoM kA vistRta vivecana ho / nibandhoM ko viSaya-tatva kI dRSTi se sAmAnyataH nimna tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) varNanAtmaka ( Descriptive)-isameM mukhyataH varNanIya viSaya (prAkatika tathA aprAkRtika vastuoM) ke bAhya svarUpa kA sthUla varNana kiyA jAtA hai| jaise-gaGgA, vArANasI, gau, dIpAvalI, vidyAlayaH Adi / (2) vivaraNAtmaka (Narrative) isameM aitihAsika athavA kAlpanika ghaTanAoM, jIvana-carita evam AtmakayA bAdi kA kramika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / isameM varNana kI apekSA kramika-vikAsa para vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai| jaise-naukA-vihAraH, mahAtmAgAndhI, pustakasya AtmakathA, Adi / (3) vicArAtmaka (Reflective)--isameM tarka evaM yuktiyoM ke dvArA pratipAdya viSaya kI upayogitA aura anupayogitA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vicAroM kI mukhyatA hotI hai| vicArAtmaka nibandha kaI prakAra ke hote haiM / jaise-bhAvAtmaka (satyam, ahiMsA, dharyam / Adi), samIkSAtmaka (gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti, upamA kAlidAsasya ) Adi / kAzI-hindU-vizva0] 3: nibandha [197 prAcyavidyAvijJAna-samAjavijJAna-kRSi-cikitsA-vidhi-prodyogAdayaH bahavaH saMkAyAH vidyante yeSu vibhinna vidyAH pAThayituM mahIyAMsaH labdhapratiSThAH zreSThavidvAMsaH santi / kalAsaMkAye mahilAmahAvidyAlaye prAcyavidyAvijJAna-saMkAye ca saMskRtasya adhyApana bhavati / mahAmanasA madanamohanamAlavIyena pracalitazikSApraNAlI dUSitAM dRSTvA uttamazikSAprasArAya kAzyAm ayaM hindU-vizvavidyAlayaH sNsthaapitH| asya zilAnyAsaH 1916 IsavIyavatsare lAu~-hATiGgamahodayasya karakamalAbhyAM sampannaH / DA. sarasundaralAlaH AprArambhAt 1918 IsavIyaparyantaM, tataH DA0 pI0 esa0 zivasvAmIbhagyaraH 1916. IsavIyaparyantaM, tatazca mahAmanA madanamohanamAlavIyAH 1939 IsavIyaparyantaM kulapatipadam alaMkRtavAn / tadanantaraM anye vizvavitAH mahodayAH (DA0 rAdhAkRSNana sarvapallI, A0 narendradevaprabhRtayaH) vizvavidyAlayasya kulapatipadaM vibhUSitavantaH / samprati"""mahodayaH kulapatipadaM prasAdhayati / ayaM rASTriya vizvavidyAlayaH nagarAd bahiH vizAlayA parikhayA pariveSTitaH vartate / asmin vizvavidyAlaye bahavaH avAntara-mahAvidyAlayAH santi yatra vividhavidyApravINAH adhyApanakalAnipuNAzca dvisahastrAdhikAH adhyApakAH adhyApayanti / atratyayA manoramayA vaijJAnika-zikSApakhalyA suvyavasthitanivAsAdivyavasthayA va AkRSTAH chAtrAH dUradezato'pi Agatya paThanti, vividhopAdhIn labhante ca / atra chAtrANAM saMkhyA paJcaviMzatisahasrAdhikA vartate / atra bRhatpustakAlayaH, krIDAGgaNAni, chAtrAvAsAH, zivAjI. hAlanAmaka-mallazAlA, oSadhAlayAzca santi / atra na kevalamadhyApanasyaiva apitu dezabhakta, samAjasevAyAH, sainikazikSAyAH, sadAcArasya, vyAkhyAnakalAyAH, mallavidyA zikSA samucitaH zobhanazca prabandho vartate / pratiravivAsaraM mAlavIyabhavane prAtaH gItopadezo'pi prakANDavidvadbhiH dIyate / prAyaH sarva chAtrAH hRSTapuSTAH vikasitabadanAH bhadraveSAH sadAcAraparAyaNAzca santi / / vizvavidyAlayasya pradhAnadvArAdvahiH mahAmanaso mAlavIyasya khaDgAsanA ekA suramyA mUrtiH virAjate / batra yatra-tatra bahUni supuSpitAni udyAnAni, AkarSakANi suramyavizAlabhavanAni ca vilasanti / suprasiddha biDalAmaMdiraM vartate yatra vizvanAthasya zobhanA mUrtiH zobhate / asya maMdirasya darzanAya dezasya sarvabhAgebhyaH janAH samAyAnti / bAlikAnAM kRte snAtaka-parIkSAM yAvat pRthak mahAvidyAlayaH AvAsAzca vartante / snAtakottarakakSAyAM tu prAyaH sarveSAM sahava zikSA-prabandho vidyate / ityaM prAcya-pAzcAtyavidyAkendra kAzI-hindU vizvavidyAlayaH caturdikSu vikhyAtaH / atra paThantaH chAtrAH gauravamanubhavanti, upAdhi labdhvA nirgatAH snAtakAzca svasvakAryeSu saphalatayA vyApRtAH bhavanti / ataH asya uttarottaravikAsAya maryAvAparirakSANAya ca sAhAyyaM sarveSAM pavitraM kartavyamasti /

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3 : vArANasI] 3 : nibandha [ 166 nagarI 'kAzI' nAmnA api prasiddhA vartate / lokabhASAyAm asyAH nAma 'banArasa' ityapyasti / anekeSu prAcInagrantheSu asyAH mahimA upalabhyate / iyaM gaGgAyAH vAmataTe dhanuSAkAreNa viraajte| 198] saMskRta-pravezikA [2-3 : gaGgA, vArANasI (2) gaGgA (bhAgIrathI) . bhagavatI gaGgA (gam + gan + TAp ) bhAratadezasya puNyatamA patitapAvanI ekA divyA ndii| iyaM himAlayaparvatasya 'gaMgottarI' nAmakasthAnAta prabhavati / tataH prayAge yamunA-sarasvatIbhyAM sammilitA satI tasmin-tasmin sthAne anekanadIbhizva militvA pravahantI kalakattAsamIpe gaMgAsAgarasaMgame samudra nimajjati / iyaM gaGgA vidhAtmanA svarga, pAtAlaM martyalokaJca vyApnoti tasmAt 'tripathagA'; svargAdavatarantI iyaM zivajaTAsu kazcitkAlamavaruvA punazca bhagIrathaprArthanayA sagarasantatisamuddhArAya tato'vatarantI pRthvIloke 'bhAgIrathI'; himavataH prabhUtatvAt 'hemavatI' iti cocyate / bahroH Azramasya madhyAvadhastAdapasarantI iyaM 'jAhavI' ityapi vyapadizyate / himavataH jyeSThaputrI gaGgA AsIt / sA brahmaNaH zApavazAt pRssivyaamaaptitaa| taba zAMtanurAzaH patnI jaataa| tayA tatra aSTI putrAH jAtAH, teSu bhISmaH ekaH / ityamiyaM gaGgAdevyAH mUrtarUpatvAt 'gaGgA' iti / evameva anyAnyapi bahUni nAmAni purANeSu zAstrAntareSu ca samupalabhyante / asyAH tIre bhUyAMsi mahAnagarANi santi / teSu haridvAram, prayAgaH, vArANasI, pATaliputram ('paTanA' iti), bhAgalapuram, kalikAtA ('kalakattA' iti) vizeSataH ullekhanIyAni / haridvAre vArANasyAJca asyAH saundarya vAcAmagocaratAM yAti / kSetrAdisecane vidyudAdisamutpAdane ca gaGgA asmAkaM bhUyAMsamupakAraM karoti / asyAH jalam atipavitram, nirmalaM svAsthyakara / idaM cirAya rakSitamapi kITAdinA vikRti na prApnoti / asyAH tIre nivAsena, jalapAnena, snAnena, vAyusaMsparzana ca mahAn svAsthyalAbho bhavati, pApAni ca nazyanti / ataH prativarSam asaMkhyA dhArmikajanAH haridvAra-prayAga-kAzI prabhRtInigaGgAtIrthasthAnAni snAnAya gacchanti / asyAH pramukhatIrthasthAmasthataTabhAgeSu bahavaH manoharAH ghaTTAH santi yatra manoraJjanapriyAH bahavaH janAH naukAvihArAdikaM kurvanti, taTasya ramaNIyatA ca pazyanti / samaye-samaye asyAH taTeSu bahutra mahAntaH utsavAH Ayojyante / evamprakAreNa gaGgAnadI ihaloke paraloke ca ubhayatra hitAvahA / ataH samucitamevoktaM devIbhAgavate gaGgA ganeti yo brUyAt yojanAnAM shtairpi| ' mucyate sarvapApebhyo viSNulokaM sa gacchati / / (3) vArANasI (kAzI) bhAratadezasya uttarapradeze vArANasI nagarI prAcInatama tIrthasthAnam / kecana asI(yasI) kaNAnayomadhye sthitatvAta asyAH nAma 'vArANasI' ti vyavaharanti / iyaM iyaM nagarI kadA sthApitA'bhUta iti nizcetuM na zakyate / purANAnusAreNa iyaM bhagavatA zaMkareNa svanivAsAya nivasatAM ca muktipradAnAya trizUlasyopari svayaM sthaapitaa| janatA adyApi vizvasiti yada bhagavAn zaMkaraH atraiva nivasati / ataH yo'tra pArthiva zarIraM tyajati saH bhagavataH kRpayA tArakarmatrabalena e sadyaH mukti prApnoti / 'kAzyAM maraNAnmukti' iti siddhAntastu asyAH AdhyAtmika mahattvaM pratipAdayati / atra jagatprasiddha vizvanAthasya suvarNamayaM mandiram, annapUrNAdevyA mandiram, saMkaTamocananAmakaM hanumato mandiram, hindUvizvavidyAlaye navInaM vizvanAthamandiram, saMkaTAmandiram, navadurgANAM mandirANi, kAlabhairavamandiram, pAzrdhanAyanamandirama, nikaTavartini sAranAye jaina-bauddha-hindumandirANi ca prasiddhatamAni santi / uktamandirAtiriktAni anyAni api vizAlamandirANi saMtiSThante, laghumandirANA kA gnnnaa| bhagavatI vindhyavAsinI aSTabhujI devI samIpasthe vindhyAcale virAjate / ityaM nagarI iyaM samastadharmANAmeva kendrIbhUtA dRzyate / patitapAvanI mokSapradAyinI ca gaGgA atra bhaktAnAM zreyase pravahati / gaGgAyAH vAmataTe bahavaH manoharAH ghaTTAH santi / teSu ca paMcagaGgA-maNikarNikA-dazAzvamedha-haricandra-tulasIghaTTAH prsiddhtmaaH| dazAzvamedhapaTTe tu sarvadA gAnikANAM samavAyo dRzyate, yatra aneke strIpuruSAH pratidinamAgatya prAtaH snAnapUjAdikaM sAyaM ca kathA-kIrtanAdizravaNaM kurvanti / maNikarNikA-harizcandraghaTTayoH dAhasaMskAraH kAzIlAbhAya ( muktilAbhAya) sarvadaiva pracalati / paMcagaGgAyAM kArtikamAse, dazAzvamedhe mAghamAse, assIghaTTe ca vaizAkhamAse, gaGgAsnAnaM vizeSaphaladAyakam / tulasIdAsasya nivAsasthAnatvAt tulasIghaTTasyApi mahattvaM sarvajanaprasiddham / bhUyate atra tulasIghaTTe zrIrAmacaritamAnasasya racanA abhavat / imAM nagarI paritaH paJcakozI parikramArthaM suprasiddhAta vArANasI bhAratasya suprasiddha purAtanaM vidyApIThamAsIt / idAnImapi atra kAzIhindUvizvavidyAlayaH, sampUrNAnanda-saMskRta-vizvavidyAlayaH kAzIvidyApIThana ime vizvavidyAnAM kendrarUpeNa trayo vizvavidyAlayAH vilasanti / anye'pi saMskRtasya mAGgalabhASAyAzca bahavaH vidyAlayAH mahAvidyAlayAzca santi / atyAnA paNitAnA deze videze ca sarvatra khyAtirasti / itthamasyAH zaikSikagauravamapi na nyUnama

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5: madanamohana mAlavIyaH] 3: nibandha [201 dharmacakrapravartanamakarot / pazcAt prAmAd grAma parizraman dharma copadizan anekAna bhikSusaMghAn vihArAMzca AsthApayat / paJcacatvAriMzat varSANi tathA kurvan 'devariyA' janapadasya 'kuzInagare' azItivayaskaH saH mahAparinirvANaM prApnot / bhAratavarmA-cIna-laMkA-jApAna-nepAlaprabhRtidezeSu adyApi tenopadiSTadharmasya prabhAvaH prasArazca dRzyete / saya bauddhadharmaH antArASTriyatA prAptaH / asya mukhyopadezAH paJcazIlAdipadena vyapadizyante / 'ahiMsA, satyam, acauryam, brahmacaryam, madyamAMsAdityAgaH iti paMcazIlAH / duHkham, duHkhasamudayaH, duHkhanirodhaH, duHkhanirodhamArgaH, iti 'catvAri aarystyaani'| 200] saMskRta-pravezikA [4: bhagavAn buddhaH saMkSepeNa iyaM nagarI bhAratIya saMskRtikendrabhUtA, yato'tra sarvadharma-sampradAyAdInAM saMsthAnAni yatra tatra samavalokyante / asyA gauravaM sauSThavaM ca vaidezikAnAmapi hRdayam pAvarjayati / ato dhanyA iyaM viraciracanA kAzI / zaGkarAcAryeNa uktam kAzI dhanyatamA vimuktinagarI sAlaGkRtA gaGgakA tatreya gaNikarNikA sukhakarI muktihiM tat kiGkarI / svaukastulitaH sadaiva bibudhaiH kAzyA samaM brahmaNA kAcI kSogitalesthitA gurutarA svargoM laghuH khe gataH // (4) bhagavAn bukhaH saMsAre bhagavato buddhasya nAma ko na jAnAti / paramAtmanaH dazAvatAreSu bhagavatI buddhasya navamaM sthAnam / sAdhaM-dvisahastra saMvatsarapUrva bhAratasyottarakozaleSu kapilavastunAmyA nagayA~ sumbinIvane vaizAkhapUrNimAyA bhagavAn buddhaH svajammamA bhAratabhuvamalakaravAn / asya mAtA 'mAyAdevI' pitA ca gaNAnAmadhipatiH zAkyavaMzIyo mahArAjaH 'zuddhodanaH' / asya mAtA prasavAt saptame dine svarga gtaa| ato'sya pAlanaM vimAtA 'prajAvatI' akarot / asya nAma sarvArthasiddhikaraH "siddhArthaH' AsIna, parantu bodhijJAnaprApyanantaraM 'buddha' nAmnA vikhyAto'bhavat / 'asya janmakAle eva jyotividbhiH phalAdezaH kRtaH yadayaM mahApuruSaH rAjyAdisukhaM parityajya vane tapazcarityA ca svadharma samaste bhUmaNDale prsaaryissyti| ataH daivajJaprabodhito rAjA putraviyogabhiyA saMsArasya sarvAn ramaNIyAn padAryAn AnAyya taM tathA barabjayat yathA saH kiM duHkham' iti jJAtuM na zaknuyAt / alpe eva vayasi saH sarvAsu vidyAsu pAraGgato'bhavat / samastasukhasAdhanaiH parivRtamapi taM rAjakumAra saMsArAta viraktaM vIkSya pitA tasya pariNayam anvarthanAmyA rAjakumAryA yazodharayA saha akarot / sA macireNava kAlena 'rAhula' nAmAnaM putramajanayan / devapreraNayA paribhramaNakAle siddhArthaH jarAjarjaritasarvAGga vRddham, rogAkrAntagAtra rugNam, zmazAnaM nIyamAnaM mRtapuruSam, prazAntacittaM 'saumyamUrti sanyAsinaM ca dRSTvA nitAntavINavairAgyaH abhavat / saH ekadA svanizcayAnusAram ardharAtrI stanandhayaM purva manoramA patnI ca suSuptyavasthAyAM parityajya sArathinA saha 'kanthaka'nAmakam azvamArupa mahAbhiniSkramaNamakarot / mArga sArathaye svAbharaNAdIriH dattvA svAbhizAyaM prakaTIkRtya pratyAvartayata / atha danAdanaM paribhraman ghora tapaH atapat / pazcAta 'gayA' nagayo vaDhamUle ciraM tapasyan divyajyotiH alabhata / tataH paraM saH 'muDa' prati mAmnA saH vaTavRkSazca 'bodhivRkSa' nAmnA prakhyAto'bhavat / atha lamdha-nAmajyotiH saH vizvakalyANAya sarvaprathamaM sAranAthe (vArANasIsamIpe) / (5) mahAmanA madanamohanamAlavIyaH zrImadbhagavadgItAnusAreNa ye kecana alaukikazaktisampannAH mahApuruSAH mahItale samavataranti te Izvarasyaiva aMzabhUtA bhavanti / etAdRzAH jagadvandanIyAH mahApuruSAH sarveSveva dezeSu samaye-samaye prAdurbhavanti / evaMvidheSu bAdhunikeSu mahApuruSeSu bhAratIyasaMskRteH samupakhikasya hindudharmakajIvanasya mahAmanaso madanamohanamAlavIyasya sthAna paramamahattvapUrNam anukaraNIyaJca / asya jamma 1861 IsavIye disambaramAsasya 25 tArikAyAM prayAgasamIpatini grAme brAhmaNakule abhavat / asya pUrvajAnAM rAjasthAnAntargata-mAlavadezanivAsitvAda ayaM 'mAlavIyaH' iti upANyAtaH / asya pitA paM0'ajanAthamAlavIyaH' vidvAn sarasakathAvAnakaca AsIt / asya vivAhaH mirjApuravAsinyA kundanadeNyA saha jAtaH / mAlavIyena prArambhikazikSA pitRpAdamUle gRhe eva praaptaa| aMgre kalakattA-vizvavidyAlayAn 1884 IsavIya bI0 e0 parIkSA samuttIrNA / nirdhanatAkAraNAdasyAdhyayanakAle bahuvighnAni samAyAtAni / arthAbhAvAt 1854 IsavIyAdArabhya 1887 paryantaM rAjakIyocca vidyAlaye'yaM zikSakapadaM svIkRtavAn / pazcAt 1891 IsavIye saH vidhiparIkSA ( bakAlata - L.L.B.) samuttIyaM prAivivAkakArya ( vakAlata) prayAge prArabhata / parantu dezasevAya vAkkIlavyavasAyaM parisyaktavAn / mAlavIyaH pratidinaM zrImadbhAgavatasya bhagavadgItAyAdha svAdhyAyamakarot / kAlAkAGkarasya rAjJaH anurodhena 'dainika-hindustAna' nAmaka samAcArapatra sampAditavAn / kiJcitkAlAnantaram ayaM bahvIH patra-patrikAH tattatkAle nepU yena samapAdayat; yathA-'iNDiyana-yUniyanapatram', 'hindI-sAptAhikapatram', 'abhyudayapatrama, dainika 'lIDara' nAmakaM oNGgalapatram, mAsikapatrikA 'maryAdA' / 1902 sanIya uttarapradezIyavidhAnasamiteH tavana 1906 IsavIye kendrIyavidhAmasagika gAya

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202] saMskRta-pravezikA [6 : mahAtmAgAndhiH svarUpeNa zAsanena sammAnitaH / tadAnI padamidaM prAyaH AGgaladezavAsinAM kRte eva surakSitamAsIt, sadasyAnAM kArya ca parAmarzapradAnamAtramAsIt / paraM tatpadAsInaH mAlavIyaH zAsananItisamAlocanamapi yathAvasaraM nirbhayamakarot / 1906 IsavIyA lAhorakAMgresasabhAyAH tathA 1912 IsavIye dillI-kAMgresAdhivezanasya ca sabhApatipadamabhUSayat / 1916 IsavIye 'rolaTa-ekTa' ityasya virodhaM gAndhimahodayena saha kRtavAn / dezasevAparAyaNaH argha dvi-trivAraM kArAgAravAsamapi asahata / ayaM hindUmahAsabhAgosevAsaMgha-sanAtanadharma mahAsabhAdidhAmika-sAmAjika saMsthAnAM saMsthApakaH saMcAlakA AsIt / evaM kAlakrameNa asya kItiH sarvAsu dikSu prAsarat / ___ asya mahAnubhAvasya nItiH prAdhAnyena pakSapAtarahitA, dezabhaktipradhAnA, videzavastuparityAgAtmikA, bhAratIyasaMskRtisampoSikA, svatantratApravaNA, prAcInaparamparAnusAra zikSAprAdAnonmukhI cAsIt / pracalitazikSApraNAlI dAsyamanovRttivadhinI vicintya prAcIna saMskRtisaMvardhanAya rASTriyabhAvanAsamudbodhanAya ca kAzI-hindUvizvavidyAlayaM 1916 IsavIye pharavarImAsasya caturthatArikAyAM zubhabhUharte saMsthApitavAn / dezanAyakaH ayaM 1946 IsavIye navambaramAsasya dvAdazatArikAyAM bhautikaM zarIram atyajat, na yazaHzarIram / evaM mahAmanA yAvajjIvanaM satataM sAmAjikakSetre, dhArmikakSetra, rAjanItikSetre zikSAkSetre ca cirasmaraNIyo sevAmakarot / kAzI-hinlU-vizvavidyAlayaH tu asya ekaH kIrtistambha eva, anye'pi bahavaH Asan kintu vistarabhiyA tadullekhaH parityajyate / kiM bahunA, mAlavIyaH mahAn rAjanItijJaH, samAjasevakaH, dezabhaktaH, zikSAprasArakaH, AdhyAtmaparAyaNaH nirbhayacAsIt / asya kItikaumudI digdigantA vyApinI / 6 : mahAtmAgAndhiH] 3 : nibandha [203 labhavA ca saH svadezaM pratyAgataH / atra Agatya prAvivAkakArya (vakAlata) prArabhata saH, kintu tadvyavasAyaM chalakapaTamayamanubhUya tasmAd upAramata / ekadA saH dakSiNa aphrIkAdeze gataH / tatra bhAratIyAnA kaSTabahulA zocanIyA dazAM vilokya teSAM samuddhArAya mahad AndolanaM samacAlayat / ayaM khalu gAndhimahodayasya rAjanIto pravezasya prathamAvasaraH / tatra saphalatA prApya saH prAyaH viMzativarSAnantaraM 1914 tame varSe punaH svadezaM pratyAgataH / atrAgatyaiva ayaM motIhArImaNDale nivasatA nIlavyavasAyinAM gaurAGgAnAm atyAcArebhyaH pIDito janatA samuddhA sarvaprathamamAndolanaM samacAlayat / tatazca amRtasare 'jaliyAMvAlAbAga' nAmakasthAnasya dAruNanarasaMhAraghaTanAtaH atidravitacittaH saH zAsanavirodhe 'asahayogAndolanaM' prArabhata / tadA saH zAsanena sahayogibhiH saha kArAgAravAsa daNDitaH / 1930 IsavIye lavaNasatyAgrahe saH punaH sahayogibhiH saha kArAgAravAsaM praapitH| 1631 IsavIye saH laNDane AyojitAyAM golameja pariSadi (Second Round Table Conference ) kAMgresapratinidhirUpeNa gataH, parantu saphalatA na avApnot / 1937 IsavIye asya preraNayA rASTriyamantrimaNDalaH khAdIprotsAhanam, grAmasudhAraH, mAdakadravyANAM pratiSedhaH, bhAratIyazikSApaddhateH prasAraH, harijanebhyaH vividhasuvidhApradAnam ityAdIni kAryANi sAdhitAni / 1942 IsavIye 'bhArataM tyajata' (Quit India) iti prasiddhaM mahattvapUrNaca antimam AndolanaM prArabdham / punarapi saH sahayogibhiH saha kArAgAre nikSisaH / antataH 1947 tame varSe agastamAsasya paJcadayAtArikAryA pUrNasvatantratA pradAya vaidezikaghoSaNayA vaidezikazAsana samAptimagacchat dezazca svatantro'bhavada / kintu tadAnIM durbhAgyena dezasya hindustAna-pAkistAnarUpeNa dviSA vibhAjanaM jAtam / daivadurvipAkAdeva 1948 tame varSe janavarImAsasya triMzattArikAyAM yavanapakSapAtahaSTena 'nAyurApagoDase' nAmakena pUnA vidyalAbhavane paJcavAdanakAle prArthanAvasare saH gulikayA hataH / evaM bhAratabhAgyabhAnuH akAle evaM astaM gataH / mahAtmano gAndhinaH sthAnasya pUrtirasambhavaiva sarvathA / (6) mahAtmAgAndhiH ko hi bhAratIyo na jAnAti mahAtmAnaM gAndhimahodayam / etena bhAratIyAnAM svatantratAyai samunnataye ca mahAnti adbhutAni ca kAryANi kRtAni / sarveSa abhUtapUrvA saphalatA ca praaptaa| asya smaraNaM rAma kRSNa-buddhAdInAmiva kriyate / gAndhimahodayasya janma 1866 IsavIyasya akTUbaramAsasya dvitIyatArikAyAM gurjarapradeze (gujarAtaprAnte ) porabandaranagare abhavat / asya piturnAma 'zrIkAbAgAndhiH', paramamiSThAyAH mAtuzca 'puttalobAI' iti / asya pitA rAjakoTarAjyasya pradhAnamantrI AsIt / etena dhArmikazikSA svamAtureva prAptA / prAcInaparamparAnusAram asya vivAhaH bAlyakAle trayodazavarSIye vayasi zrImatyA kastUrabayA saha samapadyata / vivAhAnantaraM saH maiTrikulezanaparIkSAmuttIrya vidhi (Law)-zikSAya AGgaladezaM - gataH / tatra caturpu varSeSu tA zikSA samApya tadupAdhi ( Bar-at-Law=L.L.B.) gAndhimahodayena saJcAlitasya svatantratAsaMgrAmasya saphalatAyAH mUlamaMtraH satyaahiMsAtmakAstra prayoga eva / ayaM mAnavetihAse asAdhAraNa saphalaH abhUtapUrvaH prayogaH AsIt / yataH durdAntaH prabalAribhiH saha astravihIna-dezasya kRte nAgyA gatirAsIt / ataH evaMviSaH saphalaH prayogaH asya devatvam asaMzayaM prakaTayati / tataH prabhUti bhAratIyAH paramapremNA enaM 'bApU', 'rASTrapitA' ceti padadvayena sammAnayanti / astutaH zarIreNa virahito'pi saH ahiMsAdisiddhAntaH amaratvaM pAptaH / tasya yamagara kevala bhAratavarSe eva apitu samaste'pi vizva abhivyApta

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7 : mahAkaviH kAlidAsaH 3: nibandha [205 204 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [7 : mahAkaviH kAlidAsaH (7) mahAkaviH kAlidAsaH kavikulaguruH kAlidAsaH na kevala bhAratasya apitu samastavizvasya mahAkaviSu mUrdhanyatayA parigaNyate / saMskRtasAhitye asya pratibhA sarvAtizAyinI / pAzcAtyasamAlocakAH api enaM zeksapIyaropamaM svIkRtya sammAnayanti / yathA coktam 'purA kavInAM gaNanA-prasaGge kaniSThikAdhiSThitakAlidAsaH / azApi tattulyakayerabhAvAdanAmikA sArthavatI babhUva / / kAlidAsasya janmasthAnamadhikRtya trINi matAni santi-(1) kecidenaM baGgadezIyaM manyante yataH asya 'kAlidAsa' iti nAmaiva abhivyanakti yadayaM 'kAli' samArAdhanena kavipratibhA labdhavAn / baGgeSu devI-kAlI prAdhAnyena pUjyate / adyApi bhASADasya pratipadi kAlidAsotsavaH mahatAyojanena sampAyate / (2) apare tu enaM kAzmIravAsinaM manyante / apa kumArasaMbhave himAlayavarNanam, meghadUte alakApuryAdivarNanam, abhijJAnazAkuntale mAgacyAzramopakaNThe kAzmIrapradezAnuhAri upatyakAvarNanaM caiva pramANam / (3) anye tu enaM ujjayinInivAsinaM manyante / etanmatasAdhaka meghadUte avantidezasthojjayinyAH, tatsamIpasthapradezAnAM (dazArNa-mandasaura-vidizA bhelasAdInAM), kSiprAyAH bhagavato mahAkAlasya ca varNanam / anyacca paNDitasamAje etadapi pracalitaM yat kAlidAsaH svajanmanA kAzmIrabhuvamalakRtya praur3he vayarAi ujjyiniimaagtH|| evameva kAlidAsasya samayo'pi vivAdagrastaH / atrApi catvAri matAni prAdhAnyena pracalitAni santi-(1) 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nATakasya anurodhena zuGgavaMzIyasya rAkSaH agnimitrasya kAlaH (IsApUrva dvitIyazatAbdyAm ardhazatakam ) uparitamA sImA, tathA samAjaH harSasya Azritena bANena sabahumAna kAlidAsanAma vaNitam, tadanusAreNa saptamazatAbdItaH prAk SaSThazatAbdI adhastanA sImA paryavasyati / etadabhyantare evaM kecana kAlidAsasamayaM IsApUrvadvitIyazatAbdI manyante / (2) apare janazrutimanusRtya rAza: vikramAdityasya navaratneSu anyata amimaM vikramasaMvatsarArambhe vartamAnaM kAlidAsaM prathamazatAbdyAm sthApayanti / (3) anye tu samrAjaH vikramAdityAparanAmakasya dvitIyacandraguptasya samakAlikasya kAlidAsasya samayaM caturthazatAbdI svIkurvanti / atra yuktiriyamupasthApyate yat kalidAsasya kAvye yat varNanamupalabhyate tat prAyo asminneva rAzi saMgacchate / (4) meksamUlaraprabhRtibhiH kAlidAsasya kAlaH SaSThazatAbdI nirNIyate / asya prArambhikajIvane ekA kiMvadantI baddhamalA pracalati / ayaM sAdhAraNabrAhmaNakulotpannaH alpe eva vayasi pitRvihInaH paragRhe pAlito'bhavat / azikSitaH ayamekadA yasya vRkSasya yasyAH zAkhAyAH agrabhAgaM adhivaH AsIt tAmeva chetta prArabhata / taM tathA dRSTvA 'mahAmUrkha' iti ca matvA zAstrArthe kayAcit vidyottamayA rAja kumAryA tiraskRtAH vidvAMsaH taM tasyAH prAsAdaM pratIkArabhAvanayA nItavantaH / tatra pravRtte ca zAstrAce chalena parAjitAyAH tasyAH tatpratijJAnusAram etena saha pariNayaM kAritavantaH / pazcAt prathamasamAgame evaM uSTrasthAne 'u' zabda prayuJjAnaM taM mahAmUrkha matvA sA taM gRhAta nissaaritvtii| evaM striyA parAbhUtaH kAlidAsaH kAlAntare mahAkAlIprasAdena siddhi kavipratibhA ca labdhvA svgRhmaagtH| yadA saH patnI dvArakapATamudghATayituM sambodhitavAn tadA sA anta:sthitA eva pratyaSada 'asti kazcid vAgvizeSaH ' tataH saH tadvAkyasya pratipadamadhikRtya kramazaH kumArasaMbhavam (astyuttarasyAmityAdi), meghadattam (kazcit kAntAvirahetyAdi) raghuvaMzam ( vAgarthAvivetyAdi) ceti trINi kAvyAni aracayat / anyAn api granthAn nirmitavAn / yathA-abhijJAnazAkuntalama, vikramorvazIyam mAlavikAgnimitram ceti zrINi nATakAni tathA RtasaMhAranAmakameka muktakakAvyam ca / tatra kAvyeSu radhuvaMzamahAkAvyam, nATakeSu abhijJAnazAkuntalam, khaNDakAvyeSu ( Lyrics ) meghadUtaM suvikhyAtam / asya racanAsu-(1) dhvaniprAdhAnyaM tatprayukta cArtha gAmbhIryam; (2) alaGkAraviSayANAM sarvasAdhAraNAnubhavagocaratA tatprayuktamupamAdivaiziSTayam, yathoktam-'apamA kAlidAsasya (0) prasAda-mAdhuryavaizadyam; (4) zabdasya arthAnurUpatA; (5) vaidarbhIrIti-rasa-viSayAnukalachandasA prayoga; (6) bhAvapravaNatA; (7) kalA-kauzalam; (5) prakRtivarNana-caritracitraNa puNyam ; (9) sahajasaundarya nirUpaNam / (10) bhAratIya-saMskRtisampoSakatva bAhulyena dRshyte| anye'pi bahavo vizeSAH santi kintu nibandhavistarabhiyA nollikhyate / kiM bahunA, yAdRzaM cArutvaM racanA-camatkRtirvA asya prantheSu upalabhyate tat prAyo anyatra durlabham / udAharaNArtha trINi padyAni prastuyante-- saMcAriNI dIpazikheva rAtrI yaM yaM vyatIyAya pativarA sA / narendramArgATTa iva prapede vivarNabhAvaM sa sa bhUmipAlaH / / raghuvaMzaH / / . idaM kila vyAjamanoharaM vapustapaHkSama sAdhayituM ca icchati / dhruvaM sa nIlotpalapatradhArayA zamIlatA kSettamRSirvyavasvati / / zAkuntalam / / mandaM manda nudati pavanazcAnukUlo yathA tvAM vAmazcArya nuvati madhuraM cAtakaste sgndhH| khinnaH khinnaH zikhariSa padaM nyasya gantAsi yatra / kSINaH kSINaH parilaghu payaH srotasAM copabhujya / / meghadUtam / / kiM bahunA, kaverapratima vaiduSyaM vicArya zrIkRSNena kavinA samyagevoktam -- aspaSTadoSA nalinIva hRdyA hArAvalIva prathitA guNothaiH / priyAzupAlIva vimardahayA na kAlidAsAvaparasya paannii|

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206] saMskRta-pravezikA [8: satsaGgatiH . 2: sadAcAraH] 3 : nibandha [207 eva maMtrIm, vicAravimarzam, AhArA divyavahAraM ca kuryAt, na jAtu asajjanaH saha / uktaJca bhavabhUtinA satsaGgatimAhAtmye-'satAM sadbhiH saGgaH kathamapi hi puNyena bhavati / ' kinnAma tad hitaM yatsaGgatinaM vitanute / bhartRhariNA mItizatake abhihitam jADadhaM dhiyo harati siJcati vAci satyam, pAnomati dizati pApamapAkaroti / cetaH prasAdayati dikSu tanoti kIti, satsaGgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAm / / api ca pApannivArayati yojayate hitAya, guhyaM ninhati guNAn prakaTIkaroti / ApadgataM pa na jahAti dadAti kAle, satsaGgatiH kathaya kina karoti sAm // ataH samunnatim icchatA janena sadA satAmeva saGgatividheyA na kadApyasatAm / uktamapi sadbhireva sahAsIta sadbhiH kurvIta saGgatim / sadbhivivAda maitrIca nAsadbhiH kizcivAcaret / / kimadhikam, satsaGgatiH sarvAn kAmAn pUrayati yathAhi kalpanumaH kalpitameva sUte sa kAmadhuka kAmitameva dodhi / cintAmaNizcintitamevaghale satAM tu saGgaH sakalaM prasUte / / (8) satsaGgatiH (satsaGgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puMsAma - satAM tu saGgaH sakalaM prasUte) "satAM = sajjanAnAM saGgatiH = saMparkaH ( sambandhaH) 'stsnggtiH'| yo yAdarzaH pUruSaH saha saGgati karoti saH tAdRgeva bhavati / sajjanAnAM saGgatyA janaH sajjano vinamrazca bhavati, asajjanAnAM ca saGgatyA saH duSTaH uddhatazca bhavati / yathA 'sparzana maNeH saMsargAta sauhamapi svarNAvate tathaiva sajjanasaMsati nirguNo'pi sakalaguNopetaH sajjanazca jAyate / yathoktam kAcaH kAJcanasaMsargAtatte mArakatI dyutim / tathA satsannidhAnena mUkhoM yAti pravINatAm / / api ca-'saMsargajA doSaguNA bhavanti / tathA ca-'kITo'pi sumanaH saMgAd Arohati satAM shirH| tasmAt satAmeva saGgatividheyA na kadApyasatAm / satA saMgatyA buddhinirmalA bhavati / asatsaMparkeNa tu malinIbhavati / nirmalAyAM buddhI kAryAkAryavivekaH prasphuTati, malinAyAM tu so'pagacchati / ataH uktam varaM parvatadurgaSu bhrAntaM vanacaraiH saha / na duSTajanasamparkaH surendrabhavaneSvapi // masmin jagati na ko'pi ekAkI saMsarati / anekaH paricitAparicitaH saha milisvaiva vyavaharanitta janAH / saMsAramAtrAyAM vividhakriyAkalApeSu parasaGgatiranivAryA / manuSyaH sAmAjika prANI / tasmAt parasaMparka vinA saH jIvanayAtrA na kartuM zaknoti / sarvasyaiva mitrANi zatravazca bhavanti / evaM sthite yadi saH sadbhiH saMparka karoti tarhi tasya jIvanaM sundaraM saphalaM ca bhavati / anyathA mahAnti kRcchANi AyAnti, akItizca prasarati / itthaM ca mAnavasyopari saGgateranivArya prabhAvaH / bAlakasyopari tu vizeSarUpeNa, tasya komalasvabhAvatvAt buddharaparipAkAcca / saH yAdRzaiH saha paThiSyati, gamiSyati, krIviSyati, khAdiSyati, vasya'ti yebhyazca zikSA grahISyati taadRge| bhaviSyati / yathoktaM hitopadeze-"yannave bhAjane lagnaH saMskAro nAnyathA bhvet|" tatra durjanAnAM saMsargeNa avarNanIyAH jJAtAH ajJAtAH vA hAnayaH bhavanti / yathA-vRddhibhraMzaH, saccaritratAnAzaH, suhRjjana viyogaH, sampattihrAsaH, sadguNocchedaH, kulamAlinyam, sarvatrAkIrtiprasAraH, sarvAnAdarabhAjanatA ityAdayaH / satyameva kathitam durjanaH pariharttavyaH vidyayA'laGkRto'pi san / maNinaH bhUSitaH sarpaH kimasau na bhayaGkaraH / - api ca-hIyate hi matistAta ! hInaH saha samAgamAt / samaizca samatAmeti viziSTazca viziSTatAm / / tathA ca-asatAM saGgadoSeNa ko na yAti rasAtalam / ataH sajjanaH saha (3) sadAcAraH (AcAraH paramo dharmaH zIlaM paraM bhUSaNam =AcArahInAna punanti vedAH ) satA sajjanAnAm AcAraH 'sadAcAraH' athavA rAmsamyak AcAraH 'sdaacaarH'| mAnavasya upratisAdhakeSu guNeSu sadAcArasya prathama sthAnam / tasya sampUrNamahimA zabdavarNayituM na zakyate / yatra sadAcAraH tatra satyavAditA, vinamratA, dhArmikatA, jitendriyatA, alolupatA, niSkapaTatA anye ca sarve sadguNAH mitrabhAvena nivasanti / 'sadAcArazca paramo dhrmH| AhAranidrAdayaH prANimAtrasAdhAraNAH bhAvAH kintu sadAcAradharma evaM vizinaSTi mAnavam anyebhyaH prANibhyaH / yathoktam AhAranidrAbhayamaiyunaM ca samAnametat pazubhirnarANAm / dharmo hi teSAmadhiko vizeSaH dharmeNa hInAH pazubhiH samAnAH / / sadAcAriNaH samAja dezaM vizvaM ca samunnetuM pArayanti / te kenApi pralobhanena nyAyAt payaH na vicalanti apitu sarvadaiva sarveSAM kalyANaM nissvArtha kartuM prayananse / etAdRzAnAM mahApuruSANAM samAje mahAn prabhAvo bhavati, sarvatra sarvadA pa vilA samAdaraH / sadAcAriNaH janAnAM mUrdhani tiSThanti, na kutrApi kadApi mA upahAgA. padAni nindAbhAjanAni vA bhavanti / ataevoktam-zIkAM para bhuussnnm| ga)

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MATHURN paropakAraH] 3: nibandha [206 evaM sveSAM parevAca kalyANasampAvanAya sadAcArasyaivApekSA na tUpadezamAtrasya / zrImadgItAyAM likhitam-'joSayeta sarvakarmANi vidvAn yuktaH samAcaran' / 208] saMskRta-pravezikA [: sadAcAraH duSpravRttayaH sadAcArAbhAvamUlAH, sarve guNAH sadAcAramUlAca / satsvapi arthabalAdiSu sadAcAreNa vinA tasya sarva zUnyaM bhavati / yathoktam-'vRttaM yatnena saMrakSed vittameti ca yAti ca / akSINo vittataH kSINaH vRttatastu hato hataH / ' api cAGgalabhASAyAma 'If health is lost, something is lost. If wealth is lost nothing is lost. If character is lost everything is lost.' sadAcAravihInAH niragala ( svacchandam ) kumArga vicarantaH ihaloke paraloke ca duHkhabhAjaH bhavanti / yathA sarvazAstraniSNAto mahAbalavAn rAvaNaH sarvazaH kAla-kabalitaH, svarga gato'pi rAjA nahuSaH adhaH nipAtitaH / yadi ko'pi dhana-vidyAdibalAt Atmano duzcaritrANi gopayitvA pratiSThA prApnuyAt paraM so'pi duSkarmaNAM bhANDasphoTe paramanindanIyAM durdazA prApnoti / saccaritratAyAH ko'pi anirvacanIyaH lokottaraH prabhAvI bhavati yena tasya purastAt mahAnto'pi janAH niSprabhA bhavanti / maryAdApuruSottamarAma-mahAvIra-buddhaprabhRtayaH mahApuruSAH sadAcArabalenaiva puujniiyaaH| ciraM dezo'yaM sadAcAre vikhyAtaH AsIt kintu idAnIM mahataH 'khedasya viSayaH yad kecana paropadezakuNalAH netAraH sadAcArAd dUraM gatAH / ataeva asmaddeze prazastasiddhAnteSu satsu api sukhasya zAntezca hrAsaH saJjAtaH, videzeSu ca asya prAcInaM gauravam apAcinot / vastutaH sadAcArAbhAve prazasta siddhAntAnAM mUlyavattA zUnyaiva yathA suvicAritamapi auSadhaM nAma-smaraNamAtreNa Arogya-janakatvAbhAvAt niSphalam / uktameva satyam zAstrANyadhItyapi bhavanti mUrkhAH yastu kriyAvAn puruSaH sa eva / sucintitaJcauSadhamAturANAM na nAmamAtreNa karotyarogam // ye janAH ghanavidyAdiguNasampannAH parantu AcArahInAH santi tAn vedAH api na punanti / ataH prasiddhA uktiriyam-'AcArahInAna punanti vedaaH|' ye ca sadAcAraparAyaNAH teSAM pratiSThA sArvakAlikI bhavati / ___ santate caritranirmANAya gurujanaiH sadAcAribhibhAvyam / sadAcAravalenaiva zrIsvAmIrAmakRSNaparamahaMsa-madanamohanamAlavIyaprabhRtayaH samAjasudhArakAH digamta vidhAntakIrtayaH dezasamunnAyakAca abhavan / kiM bahunA, sadAcAraM binA sarva vyartham ihaloke sukhasya, paraloke ca caramapuruSArthasya mokSaspa sAdhanaM sadAcAra eva / (10) paropakAraH (paropakArAya satAM vigUtayaH) pareSAmupakAraH 'propkaar'| anyeSAM hitAya yadapi kriyate zat sarva 'paropakAra' iti kathyate / mAnavajIvanalya sAphalyaM paropakAre eva / zAstreSu gAvAso'pi . dharmAH vaNitAH santi teSAM sarveSAM paropakAraH mUrdhani tiSThati / yathoktaM maharSiNA vyAsena aSTAdazapurANeSu vyAsasya vacanadvayam / - paropakAraH puNyAya pApAya parapIDanam / / paropakArasya bhAvanA antaHkaraNe pavitratAmutpAdayati, IyA-dveSAdikAnuSyaM vinAzayati, prANimAtre ca bhrAtRbhAvaM saMvardhayati / paropakAriNaH anyeSAM duHkhAni AtmagatAni manyante tAni dUrIkartuM satataM prayatante ca / te paropakaraNe svakIyaM dugdha na gaNayanti / te nirdhanebhyaH dhanam, vastrahInebhyaH vastrANi, bubhukSitebhyo annam, pipAsitebhyo jalam, azikSitebhyaH zikSAm, asahAyebhyaH sAhAyyaM dadati / te eka dezasevA samAjasevAM vizvakalyANaM ca katu prabhavanti / teSAM sarvasvaM parArthameva bhavati, na kSudrasvArthAya / prakRtirapi sadA paropakAre niratA asmabhyaM tasyaiva zikSA dadAti / vimRzyatA kimartha rAtridivaM gandhavahaH prayAti, sUryacandramasau nakSatrANi ca prakAzante, nayaH avirala pravahanti, taravaH susvAduphalAni phalanti, subhAni saurabha vikiranti, meghAca varSanti / eteSAM sarveSAmekameva samAdhAnaM 'paropakAra' iti / yathoktam-- pibanti nadyaH svayameva nAmbhaH, svayaM na khAdamti phalAni vRkSAH / dhArAdharo varSati nAtmahetoH, paropakArAya satAM vibhUtayaH / / 'paropakArArthamidaM zarIram' iti manyamAnAnAM paropakAriNAM svabhAvaH kathaM bhavati ? aSoktam-- bhavanti, nAstaravaH phalodAmaiH, navAmbubhirbhUrivilambino ghanAH / anuzatAH satpuruSAH samRddhibhiH, svabhAva evaidha paropakAriNAm / / asmaheze aneke mahApuruSAH parahitamAcarantaH azeSajaminam ayApayan / paropakArabhAvanayA mahArAjaH ziviH zaraNAgatasya kapotasya rakSaNAya mamoga zyenAya prAyacchat / mahArAjo badhIniH devAnAM hitAya svakIyAnimAmonita vAn / mahArAjo mayUradhvajaH anyasya AdhAnivAraNAma nAma / / sadAcArAdhazo loke sadAcArAtsukhaM divi / sadAcArAd bhavenmokSaH 'sadAcAro hi kAmadhuka' / /

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210] saMskRta-pravezikA [saMskRtabhASAyAH mahattvam etAdRzAH eva aneke paropakAraparAyaNAH zrIrAma-kRSNa-mahAvIra-buddha gAndhi-mAlavIyaprabhUtayaH mahApuruSAH saMjAtAH yeSAM sukRtyaiH deza: samunnataH abhavat / eteSAM sarvAM yazAMsi cirasthAyIni / uktana zrotraM zrutenaiva na kuNDalena, dAnena pANinaM tu kaGkaNena / vibhAti kAyaH khalu sajjanAnAM, paropakAreNa na candanena / / 'paropakAraparAyaNAnAM sarvadA sarvatra ca sammAnaH avazyambhAvI' iti. masvA sarverapisadaM svArtha parityajya paropakArAya yatanIyam / yadi mAnavAnAM hRdayeSu paropakArasya alpA api bhAvanA samuditA bhavetahi saMsArasya bahvInAM jaTila samasyAnAm anAyAsameva samAdhAnaM sampadyata, zAntizca sthApyeta / 'udAracaritAnAntu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam', 'sarve bhavantu sukhinaH' ityAdisiddhAntavantaH paropakAriNaH bhavanti / anyeSAm upakartuH Atmano'pi hitAni bhavanti, vibhUtayazca pave-pade AyAnti / yathoktam'paropakaraNaM yeSAM jAgati hRdaye satAm / nazyanti vipadasteSAM sampayastu pade pade // api ca; paropakAraH kartavyaH prANarapi dhnrpi| paropakArajaM puNyaM na syAt krtushtairpi|| (11) saMskRtabhASAyAH mahattvam vaiziSTayaJca saMsAre'smin vibhinnadezeSu vibhinnAH bhASAH pracalitAH santi / na ko'pi tAH parigaNayituM samarthaH / saMskRtabhASAyAH idaM vaiziSTadhaM yadiyameva 'devIvAk', 'surabhAratI', 'gIrvANavANI' ityAdiparabhidhIyate, nAnyA kApi bhASA / anyacca, anyAH sarvAH bhASAH mAnavavyavahAramAtrasAdhanabhUtAH kintu saMskRtabhASA karmavidyA-brahmavidyobhayapratipAdikA api asti / iyaM saMskRtabhASA prAcInatamA, suprasiddhA, prAyaH sarvAsAmapi bhAratIyabhASANAM jananI ca / prAkRta-pAli-apabhraMzAdipraNAlyA adhunA pracalitAH hindI-baMgalA-marAThI-gujarAtI-prabhRtayaH sarvAH api bhASAH etasyAH eva samudbhUtAH iti putrI-pautrIsthAnApannAH / asyAH vyAkaraNaM sarvatobhAvena vaijJAnikaM sarvavidhadoSarahitaM suvyavasthitaM ca / ataeva maikaDAnala-kIlahAna-maiksamUlara-kIyaprabhUtayaH vaidezikA: vidvAMsaH api asyAH prazaMsA muktakaNThena akurvan / 'sam' pUrvakAt 'kR' dhAtoniSpannaH 'saMskRta' zabdaH / bhASyate - janaH dainandinavyavahAre prayujyate iti bhASA / anayA vyutpattyA anumAtuM zakyate yat kadAcid iyamapi janasAdhArUpa prayujyamAnA AsIt / zrUyate yadiyaM bhASA pUrvam avyAkRtA (prakRti-pratyayasaMskArarahitA, akhaNDarUpA ca ) AsIt, prayoktRdoSeNa kAlakrameNa kiJcit apabhraSTA ca abhavat / pazcAn devatAnurodhena indraH vyAkaraNazAstra nirmAya imA vyAkRtAm (prakRti-pratyayasaMskArasahitAm ) akarot / ataeva 'saMskRtam' iyaM saMskRtabhASAyAH mahattvam ] 3: nibandha [211 saMjJA pracalitA abhavat / evam asyAH bhASAyAH prathamaM vyAkaraNam 'aindram' (indrapraNItam) AsIt / adhunA 'pANinivyAkaraNam' (pANinipraNItam) paThana-pAThane pracalitam / prakRti-pratyayasaMskArayuktA iyaM saMskRtabhASA sAdhuzabdavatI iti / sAdhuzabdaprayogena dharmo bhavati, asAdhuzabdaprayogena tu adharmaH / yathoktam 'ekaH zabdaH samyagjJAtaH suprayuktaH svarga loke ca kAmadhuga bhavati' / asyAH bhASAyAH dvividha rUpam-vaidikaM laukika ca / vedasya catvAro bhAgA:maMtra-brAhmaNa-AraNyaka-upaniSadaH / tatra bhavaM saMskRtaM vaidikamiti kathyate / taduttaram anyagrantheSu bhavaM saMskRtaM laukikam iti nigadyate / asyAH bhASAyAH zabdakoSaH (Vocabulary) bRhattamaH, navInazabdanirmANasAmarthyamapi prabhUtam / etasyAH sAhAyyenaiva hindIprabhRtibhASAntareSu vijJAnAdipAribhASikazabdAH nirmAtuM zakyante / asmAkaM sarvAH prAcInavidyAH kalAzca asyAmeva bhASAyAm upanibaddhAH / ataH sasmin-tasmin viSaye prAcInasAhityajJAnalAbhAya navInasAhityasarjanAya ca saMskRtasya adhyayanamanivAryam / saMskRtabhASAyAH jJAnaM vinA bhAratIyAH AtmanaH purAtanamitihAsa, prAcInaparamparAH, saMskRtim, jJAna-vijJAnAdikaM ca samyag adhigantuM na prabhavanti / bhASAvijJAnasyApi dRSTyA asyAH mahattvaM nirvivAdam / etatsAhAyyena bhAropIyaavestA-laiTinaprabhRtInAmapi bhASANAM jJAnaM sugarma bhavati / itthaM ca saMskRtajJAne sati svalpaprayAsenaiva bahIno bhASANAM jJAnaM labdhuM zakyate / vizvasAhityasya sarvaprAcInaanyAH vedAH saMskRtabhASAyAmeva upnibddhaaH| vAlmIki-vyAsa-kAlidAsa bhavabhUti-bANaprabhRtayaH mahAkavayaH asyAmeva granthAn likhitavantaH / samayAnurodhena saMskRtabhASA idAnI bahudhA AkSipyate / kecana imAM matAM vartamAnakAlAnupayoginIM ca manyante / apare imAm atIvakaThinAM matvA etadadhyayanAt parAjayante / anye tu imAm arthopArjanAkSamAm, vyam, kUpamaNTrakatAsAdhikAm, vyavahArAd dUrApetAM ca gaNayanti / ime sarve'pi adhikSepAH bhrAntimUlakAH; yataH 1. yAvat kasyAmapi bhASAyAm adhyayanacintanAdikam anuvartate, nabInagranthanirmANaM ca pracalati tAvat sA mateti kathayituM na zakyate / idAnImapi asyAm ubhayam upalabhyate / tasmAnna jAtu mRtA iti vaktavyam / 2. saMskRtabhASA sAmpratamapi nAnupayoginI, nApi vyaryA / prayogAbhAvena anupayogitA na siddhayati / yathA pArzvasthitam upanetram dhArakeNa aprayuktamapi nAgupayoga bhavati, tasya prakAzanasvarUpayogyatAyAH tadAnImapi sadbhAvAt / zAma-vijJAnapi. lAbhaH yathA saMskRtabhASayA saMbhavati na tathA anyayA bhASayA / mAyaM bhagoSaurm kSamaH, yogyaH, samartho'pi nopayujyate, na vA tena tarayAnupayogitA bhivati /

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bhAtRbhaktiH dezabhaktizca ] 3: nibandha [215 212] saMskRta-pravezikA [mAtRbhaktiH dezabhaktica 3. kAThinyaM na banu saMskRtaspa doSaH kintu tddhyaapnprnnaalyaaH| yataH idAnImapi sugamatamarItyA saMskRtam anAyAsaM pAThayituM zakyate / 6. satkRtAdhyetaNAM kUpamaNTrakatA naadhyynjny| kintu vAtAvaraNaprayuktA, svamastiSkaprayuktA ca, teSvapi yAsman kasmin dUradazitAyAH AdhunikatAvAzyopalambhAt / itihAsaparyA locanena idaM suspaSTaM yad atIte samaye saMskRtajJAH eva maharSayaH rAjanItijJAH, zAstrako vivAH, vyavahArakuzalAH, dezasamuddhArakAna abhavan / 5. bhASAjJAnasya jJAnameva phalaM, na tu-arthopArjanam / yathoktam-'guNAH khalu guNAH eva, na guNAH bhuutihetvH|' dhanasaJcayakataNi bhAgyAni pRyageva hi / anyacca nedaM tathya yat saMskRtAdhyayanAt dhanAgamo na bhavati, vyApakavigatopalabdheH / evaM dharmasaMskRtiparamparAdivijJAnAya aikyasaMrakSaNAya va saMskRtasya mahatI upayogitA / iyameva bhASA samastadezam ekatAsUtre badhnAti / iyameva bhAratasya prANabhUtA bhASA'sti / asyAH guNagaNasya varNane mahAvidvAMso'pi asamarthAH santi / vedAH, bhagavadgItA, purANAni, dharmazAstrANi, kAvyAni ca asyAH mAhAtmyamevodghoSayanti / ataH asyAH saMrakSaNAya, saMvardhanAya, pracArAya sarvarapi satataM prayatanIyam / iyaM dazasya nidhiH, anupama vaiziSTayam, ananyalamyA vibhUtizca / (12) mAtRbhaktiH dezabhaktizca (jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI) bhagavatA rAmacandreNa kanakamathyAH laGkAyAH sucAni tiraskRtya mAtuH (jananyAH) mAtRbhUmeH (svadezasya ) ca mahattvamajIkRtam api svarNamayI laGkA na me lakSmaNa rocate / jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI // yo naraH yasyAH kukSI janma labhate sA tasya jananI bhAtAbA, tathA yo yasmin pradeze janma lakavA vardhate jIvanaM ca yApayati saH tasya janmabhUmiH svadevAH mAtRbhUmiLa / yathA jananyAH svasutaM prati naisogakaM prema bhavati tathaiva narANAM jananI janmabhUmi ca prati naisagikI bhaktiH, tayoH prANAdapi saMrakSaNa mAtRbhaktiH dezamaktizca kathyate / mAtRkukSI mAtRbhUmau ca naraiyadRirza sArakhyapUrNa niSkapaTaH svAbhAvikazca sukhaM samanubhUyate tAdRzaM svarge'pi na sambhavam iti / bAlakasya kRte mAtava sarvasvamasti / sA tadartha svIyaM kaSTajAta agaNampi,laM prANAyapi rakSati / sA svayamapItvA putraM pAyayati, svayamanaGkitvA svasutasyodaraM bharati, nAmakasya sukhacintaya sadA tasyAH samakSaM bhavati / purva kaSTAnvitamavalokya tasyAH hRdayamatizayena ati| sA svakIyena alokikena snehena svayaM karakavarSa sahamAnApi svajAtaM svAthai pAlayati- lAlayati ca / kiM bahunA, kimasti tad yad alaukikena mAtuHsnehena nahi pUryate / ukta 'kuputro jAyeta kvacidapi kumAtA na bhavati / ataH upaniSatsu Adizyate -'mAtRdevo bhava' / naraH kavAcidapi mAturanRNatA prAptuM na zaknoti / bhanunA'pyuktam--- yaM mAtApitarau balezaM sahete saMbhave nRNAm / / na tasya niSkRtiH zakyA kartuM varSazatairapi / / etAdazaguNasampannA jananI.. svargAdapyadhikA kathana syAt / ataH purairapi tasyAH sevA avazyakaraNIyA / prAcInakAle zravaNadibhiH bhAtR-pitRsevA pradarzitA / asmAgirapi sarvadA prANapaNena jananIsevArtha prayatitavyam / ___ svadezaM prati mAnavAnAM naisagika prema 'dezabhakti athavA svadezasya samunnataye yA sarvaparityAgarUpA bhAvanA sA 'deshbhktiH| svadezasyAne svajIvanamapi taNAya manyante dezabhaktAH / na ko'pi dezaH tAvat samunnato bhavati yAvat tatra dezabhaktAH na syuH / ato mAnavAnAM kRte dezabhakti pradhAnaM kartavyam / tAM vinA te bhArabhUtAH zavakalpAna / ye janAH dezasya - rakSAya sadA prayatante tathA avasare sati svazarIrArpaNamapi kurvanti teSAmeva jIvana jIvanama, tadviparItAnAM tu jIvanaM sarvathA vyartham / yathoktamama svadezo paramA prItiH yasya nAsti ca gauravam / dhana-dhAnyayutasyApi vyartha tasya hi jIvanam // janmabhUmeH kSetra vistRtaM vartate / sA sarvadA atizayAnandapradAyinI; ataH yadA dUrasthaH janaH svakIyAM janmabhUmi mAgacchati tadA svamAturabhAve'pi harSAtizayamanubhavati / itthamasti tatra kazcidabhutAnandasya utsH| dezabhaktAH svalpenaiva kAlena avanatamapi svadeSAM samuSateH zikharaM prApayanti / yathAmahAtmAgAndhi-lokamAgyabAlagaMgAdharatilaka-subhASacandrabosa-saradArabhagatasiMhaprabhRtayaH / eta: puNyazlokaiH mahAnubhAvaH dezahitAya svazarIram apitam, bahUni duHkhAni ca soDhAni / dezadrohiNaH tathaiva samupatamapi dezaM svalpenaiva kAlena avanateH gataM prApayanti / yathA-jayacandra-mIrajApharaprabhRtayaH / etaH jaghanyaiH dezadrohibhiH svArthasAdhanAya tathA kRtaM yena dezasya mahatI hAnirApatitA, teSAM svArtho'pi ca naSTaH / dezabhakteH bahUni aGgAni bhavanti / yathA azAntisamaye rAjanItikAndolane yogadAnam, yuddhakAle zatrunAzAya vividhAHprayalA tathava zAntikAle'pi. dezAnurAgavarSaka nabInasAhityasarjanam, AvazyakatAnusAra sarvatomukhAni natananirmANAni, vizAmakalAdivikAsazca / dezahite sAdhite vayaktikalAbho'pi saMbhavati / yataH vinaTe rASTra kuta: kalyANam / dezabhaktiH tadaiva vikasitA pratiSThitA ca bhavati yadA bAno yA prArambhataH eva tasyAH zikSA pradIyate / tadanukUla vipulasAhityasarjanamapi saMbhavet / svatantra tyA

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214] saMskRta-pravezikA [ anuzAsanam tAlAbhe'pi deze'smin asyAH mahatI AvazyakatA / yataH enAM vinA Arthika vikAsaH saMrakSaNa ca na saMbhavati / iti vicArya bhAratIyAH prAtaH zayanatalAdutthAyava janmavasugdharA namaskurvanti vasundhare namastubhyaM bhUtadhAtri namo'stu te / ratnagarbha namastubhyaM pAdasparza kSamasva me // api ca---'kSoNo'pi dehamiva kastyajati svadezam // ' manISibhiH mAtRbhUmirapi mAtaiva manyate 'mAtA bhUmiH pUSo'haM pRthivyAH' / ataH sarvairapi mAtRsevAM dezasevAM ca prati dRr3hapratibhirbhAvyamiti / (13) anuzAsanam ( so zaktiH kalau yuge ekatA) 'manu' 'upasargapUrvakAt 'zAs' dhAtoH niSpanno'yam 'anuzAsana' zabdaH / taittiroyopaniSadaH zAMkarabhASye asya vyAkhyAnam IzvaravacanarUpeNa kRtam / guruvacanaM zAsakavacanaM vA Izvaravacane antarbhUtam / prakArAntareNApi idaM vyAkhyAtuM zakyatemanu - pazcAt = gurupagamanAnantaraM tadIyazAsanam = hitAhitakaraNaparihArarUpavacanam 'anuzAsanam / agre etadeva sAmAgyarUpeNa kasyApi zAsakasya vacanAnusaraNe tadAdezapAlane vA pariNatam / phalataH asya zabdasya ayamarthaH asti yat kasyApi vyavasthitaniyamasamudAyasya vidhivAkyavat (kSova-kSemaM vinaMva ) pAlanameva anuzAsanam / anuzAsanam dvividhama-svAbhAvika balAdAropitaM ca / pUrva tu vinamratA-AtmasaMyamAdisahitam, vyavasthita-niyama-sadAdarzaprabhavam, svecchayA parigRhItaM ca bhavati / apara tu duHkhadeNyAdisaMvalitam, daNDabhItijanyam, anicchayA pAlitaM ca / dAsatvabhAvanAvikAsaprativandha svatantracintanAbhAvAdidoSAH dvitIye evaM anuzAsane saMbhavanti, na. tu prthme| jIvanasya pratyeko anuzAsanasya mahatI AvazyakatA bhavati / etad vinA kuSApi kadApi kasyApi saphalatA na saMbhavati / anuzAsanamantareNa kApi suSyavasthA na pracalituM zaknoti / sa eva dezaH samAjazca samunnato bhavati yasmin prajAH zAsakAzca anuzAsanapAlakAH / ataH gRhe AzaizavAd anuzAsanasya zikSA pitRbhiH zikSAsaMsthAsuca tadadhikAribhiH pradeyA / amyAna svaprabhAveNa, na tu daNDabhayena anuzAsayitum adhikAribhirapi svayaM sadAcAribhiH karttavyaparAyaNaH anuzAsanapraNayibhizca bhASyam / nahi svayaM sadAcAravirahitAH kartavyaparAGmukhAH anuzAsanavihInAH anyAn anuzAsane sthApayituM prabhavanti / anuzAsanaM na kevala sainikAnAM kRte AvazyakaM kintu sarvebhyaH, vizeSatana chAtrebhyaH yataH dezasya chAtrAH bhAvinaH karNadhArAH vidyArSikartavyam ] 3 : nibandha [215 bhAgyavidhAtArazca santi / ataH teSAm AtmahitAya, dezakalyANAya, AgAminyAH santateH puraH samucitAdarzasaMsthApanAya ca anuzAsanamaparihAryam / sAmprataM paritaH dRzyamAnA svecchAcAritA anuzAsanasya bAdhikA / svecchAcAritayA adhyayanAnurAgiNaH chAtrAH, abhibhAvakAH, zikSAsaMsthAdhikAriNaH anye sarve'pi cintitAH udvignAzca / chAtreSu anuzAsanazithilatAyAH caritrahInatAyAH svecchAcAritAyA pradhAna kAraNam-samucitAdarzAnupalambhaH / yasmin gahe anuzAsanaM nAsti tatra kuTumbinaH guroH anAdaraM kurvantaH, yatheccha vyavaharantaH, paraspara pade pade vivadamAnAH na jAtu zAnti sukhaM ca labhante / iyameva sthitiH anuzAsanApetasya samAjasya dezasya ca / atra itihAsa eva pramANam / nirvivAvametat yad alpasaMkhyAkena saMghaTitena anuzAsitena sainyena vipulA api anuzAsanavihInA vighaTamAnA senA parAjIyate / yataH 'saMghe zaktiH kalI yage yadA bhAratIyeSu ekatA-bhAvanAyA mAraitirabhUt tadA te svAdhInAra abhavan / ekamuddezya lakSyIkRtya bahUnAM narANAm ekatvabhAvanayA kAryakaraNam 'ekatA' ityucyate / ekatA anuzAsanaM vinA na sambhavati / yataH anuzAsanAdhInA saMhatiH, saMhati niyatA ekatA, ekatA-nibandhanA zaktiH, zaktimUlako abhyudayaH, abhyudayApeSAM ca suSam / ataevoktam - alpAnAmapi vastUnAM sahatiH kAryasAdhikA / tRNaguNatvamApannadhyante matsadantinaH // Rgvede'pi anuzAsita-ekatAyAH AvazyakatA pratipAvitA 'saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jAnatAm / / prakRtirapi anuzAsanapravaNA, yataH nizcite kAle eva phalanti vRkSAH, puSpANi vikasanti, RtavaH AyAnti gacchanti ca / nAtra saMdehalezo'pi yad anuzAsanAbhAve sarvamapi avyavasthitam, akiJcitkarama, kaSTabahulam, vimAzonmukhaM c| dezasya svatantratAprAptiH, tadakSaNam, samaSTirUpeNa vyaSTirUpeNa vA utthAnama, evaMvidhAH saMkhyAtItAH aneke bhAvAH anuzAsanasya amitamahatvaM prakaTayanti / yathoktam 'lAlane bahavo doSAH zAsane bahavo guNAH / ' tasmAda jIvanasya sarveSu api kSetreSu anuzAsanaM pAlanIyam / saphalatAyAH mUlamantraH anushaasnmev| (14) vidyArthikarttavyam vidyAyAH adhinaH-abhilASiNaH 'vidyArthinaH teSAM kartavyam -karaNIyakAryakalApaH 'vidyaadhikrtvym| mAnavajIvane caturSa kAleSu bhinnarUpeNa vidyA

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216] saMskRta-pravezikA [vidyAthikartavya upayujyate / tatra prathamaH AgamakAlaH (adhyayanakAlaH), dvitIyaH svAdhyAyakAla: ( bodhakAlaH), tRtIyaH pravacanakAlaH (adhyApanakAlaH), caturthaH vyavahArakAlaH (prayogakAlaH) / ime eva catvAraH kAlAH brahmacaryAcAzramapadairapi vyapadizyante / veSu adhIyAnAnA (adhyayanakAlamApanAnAm) chAtrANAM kartavyAni adho nirUpyate - pUrvam antevAsinaH brahmacaryAzramadharmAn pAlavantaH adhyayanasamAptiparyantam ajana gurukule jyavasan / teSAM brahmacAriNAM dharmAH dharmazAstrAdigranyeSu vizeSato vaNitAH kintu idAnInsane zikSAsaMdarbha vidyApinaH karttavyAni pradhAnatayA sapta paramAvazyakAni / tAni-(1) vidyopArjanam, (2) zArIrikazaktisaMcayaH, (3) niyamitatA, (4) samayasya' sadupayogaH, (5) anuzAsanapAlanam, (6) gurubhaktiH, (7) caritranirmANaca / krameNa yathA-- 1. vizIpAjenam-chAtrANAm adhyayanaM vAgdevyAH upAsanA tapaH ca / vidyA sadabhyAsabalena lamyA bhavati / vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam / vidyayA ca amRtamaznute / ataH niyamitarUpeNa yathAzakti vidyAbhyAsaH karaNIyaH / vidyaagmsy| sthAne-(1) adhyApakaH (2) pustakAlayana / ataH pustakAlayasyApi samyag upayogaH chAtraiH kAryaH / avakAzadineSu pAThyapustakasahAyakAni pustakAntarANi api adhyetavyAni / adhyayanakAle Alasyama, dIrghasUtratA, calatA, anyamanaskatAM ca pariharet / vaktRtvakalAyAm, sundaralekhane, bhASaNe ca yogyatA smpaadniiyaa| 2. zArIrikazaktisancayaH-yadA zarIraM sabala svasthazca bhavati tadaiva paThanam, lekhanam, cintanam, kavitvaccha sarvamapi samyam bhavitumarhati / vedavyAsena mahAbhArate kathitam-'sarva ilavartA sAdhyam / ataH chAtra niyamena vyAyAmaH sevanIyaH / vyAyAmazva bahuvidhaH / yathA-krIDA (Games and Sports), sainikazikSA (N.C.C.), vaNDa-baiThakAdisaMzakA prAcInabhAratIyavyAyAmaH yogAsanAdirvA / etaiH zArIrikapAktisaMvardhanaM chAtrANAM kRte nitAntamAvazyakam / 3. niyamitatA-prAtarutthAnAdArabhya rAtrI zayanaparyantaM bahUni kAryANi bhavanti / yasya kAryasya yaH sabhayo bhavet tasya tadaiva anuSThAne niyamitatA / asyAH paripAlanena vidyAthinAM pUrNavikAso bhavati kAryANi ca yathAsamayaM sampadyante / 4. samayastha sadupayoga:-vyatItaH samayaH na kathamapi punarAyAti / yathoktam vAlmIkinA-yavatItaM punarneti srotaH zIghramapAmiva / ' ataH sarvaiH tathA prayatanIyaM yathA kSaNamapi nirarthaka na gacchet / ye samayasya sadupayoga na kurvanti te AtmanaH eva hAni kurvanti, ante ca pazcAttApamanubhavanti / 5. anuzAsanapAlanam-yauvane anuzAsanasya mahatI aavshyktaa| tad vinA kasminnapi kSetra sAphalyaM durAzAmAtrameva / vidyArthinAM kRte tu idamanivAryameva, yataH Adhunika vijJAnam ] 3 : nibandha [217 anuzAsanahInArachAtrAH adhyayanaparAGmukhAH bhavanti / adhyayanAdhyApanAdivyavasthA ca vinazyanti / 6. gurubhakti:-pitA mAtA AcAryazca ete trayo'pi guravaH / teSAM - zuzrUSA chAtrANAM kartavyam / vidyAlAbhasya zrayaH eva upAyAH, teSu guruzuzrUSA pradhAnatamA / yathoktam - guruzuzrUSayA vidyA puSkalena dhanena vaa| athavA vidyayA vidyA caturthI nopapadyate / / bhagavatprAptihetutvAd guravaH devakalpAH bhavanti / upaviSTaM ca tattarIyopaniSadaH zikSAvalyAm-'mAtRdevo bhava, pitRdevo bhava, AcAryadevo bhava' iti / 7. caritranirmANam-pUrva gurukule na kevalaM vidyAlAbhaH, parivanirmANamapi zikSAyAH uddezyamAsIt / indriyasaMyamaH, mAnyajanAnAM sammAnaH, vinayaH, suzIlatA, alolupatA, ziSTAcArapAlanam, vihitaniSevaNam, pratiSiddhaparivarjanam ityAdibhiH gaNagaNaH caritranirmANaM bhavati / vidyAdhyayanasya na jJAnamAtra phalaM kintu saccaritranirmANamapi / vidvAMsaH nisargataH nirmalacaritAH bhavanti / caritradoSe vidyA gahitA bhavati / tasmAdudAttacaritropArjanAya chAtraiH satataM prayatitavyam / vidyArthinaH dezasya saMsArasya ca bhAvinaH karNadhArAssanti / yadi te svakartavyapAlana samyagarUpeNa na kuyuH tahi samAjasya dezasya svasya ca kApi unnatiH asNbhvpraayaa| yataH te eva agne adhyApakAH, nyAyAdhIzAH, zAsakAH, vividhapadabhAjazca bhaviSyanti / svakartavyacyutAH vidyArthinaH yadi tatra sthitAH santaH samyak na adhyApayeyuH, samyak nyAyaM ma kuyuH, samyak na anuzAsayeyuH, sva-svapadocitakAryajAtaM ca na sampAdayeyuH tahi dezaH samAjazca vinAzagate nipatetAm / tasmAt chAtraH nirdiSTakartavyaparAyaNairbhAvyam / (15) Adhunika vijJAnam ( vijJAnaM varadAnarUpam abhizAparUpaM vA) bhUtabhautikapadArthAnAM vizleSaNAtmaka jJAnam Adhunika vijJAnam / adya asyaiva DiNDimaghoSaH sarvatra saMsAre zrUyate yataH sAmprataM mAnavAH prAyaH AdhyAtmikazAnavimukhAH laukikasukhasAdhanaparAyaNAzca / tadartha kRtAn tAn sarvAna vizvavismayakarAn navanavAn AviSkArAn loko bahu manyate / ataeva asmin vijJAnayuge mAnavAH bAlyakAlAdAraya matyuparyantaM vijJAnakoDe khelantaH dRzyante, prakRtizca vijJAnasya anudharIva pratIyate / adhunA vijJAna prakRteH anantazaktInAM rahasyAni udghATayat tasyAM sarvathA prabhavitumapi prayatamAnamiva paridRzyate / vijJAnena mAnavasabhyatAyAH svarUpameya parivartitam / sarvatra jIvanasya pratyekakSetra mAnavajAtiH vaijJAnikazaktyA prabhAvitA paNate /

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218] saMskRta-pravezikA [Adhunika vijJAnam mAnavo'pi vijJAnamayaH saMvRttaH / vijJAnaprabhAvAdeva idAnIm agamyamapi sugamam, asAdhyamapi susAdhyam, adRzyamapi sudarzanam, alabhyamapi sulabhaM jAtam / vaijJAnikAviSkArAH saMkSepeNa catuSu prakAreSu vibhAjayituM zakyante-(1) dainandinopayoginaH, (2) Adhi-vyAdhiharAH, (3) manoraJjakAH, (4) vidhvaMsakAtra / tatra AdhAH payaH janahitasAdhakAH iti varadAnarUpAH, antimaca hAnikaraH iti abhizAparUpaH, paraM zatrorAkramaNakAle svarakSAsaMpAdanena caturSo'pi varadAnarUpaH / (1) dainandinopayogina: atra parigaNanIyAH AviSkArAH adholikhitAssanti- . (ka) yAnAni---Trena (vASpayAna ) moTara (mRttaraH)-skUTara-sAIkila (dvicakrayAna)-prabhRtIni sthalayAnAni; eroplena-helikApTara-apolo-lUnA prabhUtIni vAyuyAnAni; zipa-sTImara (vASpanaukA)-panaDubbI (jalAntarvati-naukA)-prabhRtIni jalayAmAni santi / etaiH yAnaH kaSTabahulA cirakAlikA'pi yAtrA sukhena svalpena ca samayena sampAdyate / sthane, bhUgarbha, durgamapradeze, jale, antarikSaM ca sarvatra mAnavAnAm apatihatA gatiH saMjAtA / adhunA apolo-lanA-saMjJakaH vAyuyAnaH candralokayAtrA sphliibhuutaa| anyeSvapi graheSu tallokeSu vA yAtrAyai satataM prayatnAH vidhIyante / (ba) vidyat , tanibandhanAni yantrANi upakaraNAni ca-vidyutaH pradhAnaM kArya prakAzaH / eSaH prakAzaH atiniviTe'ndhakAre sauraprakAzam atizayAna iva pratIyate / vidyubalena vAyusandhAraH, zItatApanivAraNama, viviSayAnayantrAdisancAlanam, anyeSAM duSkarakAryANAM ca sampAdanam pUrvamazakyamapi idAnI sambhavati / ki bahunA, prAyaH sarveSAmapi vaijJAnikAviSkArANAm iyaM AdhArazilA / (ga) prasAra-sUcanAyantrANi-TelIgrAma-TelIphona (zabdasaMvAdayantram)-reDiyo (dhvanivikSepakayantram )-kebula lAuDaspIkara-TelIpriMTara-Tileksa-TelIvijana-rAbAravAyaralesa-paTIyantraprabhRtIni pramukhAni yantrANi / etaiH gRhasthitenApi ativiprakRSTaH saha vArtA, atidUrastha-saMgIta-samAcArAvizravaNam, anyatrabhAvinA vRttAntAnA tAtkAlikAdhigamaH, dezAntarasthapuruSAdInAM rUpasAkSAtkAra, ArAt sthale jale nabhasi vA pracalato vAyuyAnAnAM nakSatrAdInAM sUcanIpalambhaH, ghaNTAdivibhAgena samayaparijJAnaM ca sambhavati / kiM bahunA, etabalena tvaritagatiH sarvacaro vAyurapi parAjitaH / ativistRtamapi idaM jagat svAGgaNasthamiva jAtam / (gha) prekSAyantrANi-Teliskopa (dUra-sUkSmavIkSakayantram )-kaimarA-upanetra(cazmA) prabhutIni prekSAyatrANi vizeSataH ullekhyAni / TeliskopayantraNa laukikapratyakSAtigamaH api atisUkSma-viprakRSTapadArthAnAM samyak prekSaNaM sambhavati / citraNa Adhunika vijJAnam ] 3 : nibandha [216 yantraNa (kaimarA) ekasya bahUnAM samavetAnAM vA yathAvasthacitraNaM gRhyate / upanetradvArA durbalacakSuSA'pi sUkSmANi, anyathA anadhigamyAni ca akSarANi sAkSAtkata zakyantai / (Ga) anyAni vividhayantrANi-TaMkaNa (TAiparAiTara-TelipriNTara-Tileksa)mudraNa (priMTiMga-mazIna)-gaNana (kaMpyUTara ) kRSi (TekTara, hAravesTara, TayUbbela)prabhUtIni udyoga vANijya (mila, phekTarI, mazIna )-prabhutInAM vividhAni yatrANi vivaraNIyAni santi / eteSAM tatsatkSetra abhUtapUrvaH AzraryajanakaH prabhAvaH sarveSA tassu kautukamAvahati / sAmprataM bahujana-cirakAlasAdhyamapi kArya yantradvArA atiparimitapuruSaiH svalpenava kAlena cArutaraM sampAdyate / (2) AdhivyAdhiharA:-adhunA pracalatAM bahUnAM bhayaMkararogANAM prazamAya vijJAnena nUtanAni eksare-reDiyama sarjarI-plAsTikasarjarIprabhutIni cikitsAsAdhanAni AviSkRtAni, tadartha penAsilina-sTrepTomAisina-ekromAisina kloromAisaTinaprabhRtayaH navInauSadhayazca nimitaaH| mAnasikarogANAM kRte manovaijJAnikopAyAH api prAdurbhAvitAH / kiMbahunA, vijJAnasya prabhAveNa navInahRdayAdiropaNAdikam api prayatyate; badhirAH zRNvanti, mUkAH vadanti, paGgavaH calanti ca / (3. manoraJjakAH-prAmophona-reDiyo-reDiyogrAma-rikArDapleyara-TeparikArDaraprabhRtIni dhvaniyantrANi, hAramoniyama-ArkeSTrA-velA-sarodaprabhRtIni navInavAdyayantrANi; TelIvijana calacitra-(sinemAskopa)prabhRtIni citramayayaMtrANi manoraJjamasAdhanAni / eteSAmAviSkArANAM prabhAveNa manoraJjana sulabhaM sarvajanasAdhAraNaM ca sAtam / teSu palacitrANAm mAviSkArAH vizeSataH ullekhyAH / tadaGgazAlAsu ( Cinema Hall) pradarzitA avarNanIya prabhAvotpAdakAbhinayAH janAnAM zrAntim apaharanti, pramodaM ca janayanti / (4) saMhArakAH-eTamabama-hAiDrojanabama ( udjanabama )-prabhRtIni viSphoTakakSepyAstrANi; morAdisaMjJakanUtanazataghnI-bhuzuNDIprabhutIni vividhAyudhAniH TaikaTArapIDo-miga-mirAja-prabhRtIni Adhunika yudhayantrANi ca dAruNAni AgneyAstrANi AviSkatAni / etaiH vizvavinAzo'pi kSaNamAtralIlA / eteSAmAviSkAre rusa-amerikAdezI agrgnnyau| dvitIya mahAyuddha amerikA jApAnadezasya hIrozimA-nagaryAH [nAgAsAkyAca] upari paramANvastra (Atom-Bomb) prakSiptaM yena kSaNenaiva sA svarga kalpA mahAnagarI dagdhotkhAtA marubhUmiriva sNjaataa| ittham AdhunikAH vaijJAnikAH AviSkArAH ekatra mAnavAnAM zreyasaH sampAvana kurvanti anyatra teSAM. vinAzam / evaM vijJAnaM varadAnarUpam abhizApaka pati pakSadvayam /

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220] saMskRta-pravezikA [vidyA yadyapi vijJAnena prathamavividhairAviSkAraiH vizvasya mahAnupakAraH kRtaH tathApi caramakoTikarAviSkAraH vinAzasyApi sAmagrI bhRzaM sulabhIkatA; yathA-dAnI sarve'pi mAnavAH saMtrastAH bhItAzva vijJAnamabhizApaM manyante / vastutastu, na kimapi vastu svataH ekAntataH upakArakam apakArakaM vA / prayogAdhInava tasya upakArakatA apakArakatA vA / tasmAt nAyaM vijJAnadoSaH / yadi ko'pi viSaM bhujAnam AtmAnaM vinAzayet nAyaM viSaspAparAdhaH, kintu tatprayoktureva / yadi vijJAnasya prayogaH sukhAya kalyANAya zAntaye ca bhavet tahi abhizApavArtA'pi nodIyAt / tasmAt vijJAna tathaiva prayoktavyaM yathA samastaM jagatItalaM svargatulyaM mAnavajIvana sukhazAntimayaM ca sampadyeta / (16) vidyA (kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyA vidyayA'mRtamaznute) vidyAdhanaM sarvazreSThaM ghanamasti / asya vaiziSTayamidaM yata vyaye kRte api vidyA saMvaddhate, avyaye tu kSIyate / kiJca, idaM dhanaM na bhrAtRbhAjyaM na ca paurAdibhiH apaharaNayogyam / vidyayA ihalokasya paralokasya ca sarvAH api sampadaH prAptuM zakyate, nAnyena sAdhanena / ataevoktaM vicArakai: apUrvaH ko'pi kozo'yaM vidyate tava bhArati / vyayato vRddhimAyAti kSayamAyAti saMcayAt // na caurahAyaM na ca rAjahAyaM na bhrAtRbhAjyaM na ca bhArakAri / vyaye kRte vardhata evaM nityaM vidyAdhanaM sarvadhanapradhAnam / / vidyAzabdasya niSpattiH 'jJAnArthakasya' viddhAtoH bhavati / ataH vastunaH samyaktayA jJAnaM vidyeti / laukikI vidyA (bhautikajJAnam) alaukikI vidyA (AdhyAtmikajJAnam) ceti dvividhA vidyA / dharmAdharmayoH, kartavyAkartavyayoH vivekaH vidyayaiva bhavati / anayA eva manuSyo manuSya iti / vidyAvihInastu mUrkhaH, asabhyaH, pazuriti ca vyapavizyate / vidyArvabhavasampannaH deze videze sarvatra pUjyate / videze yatra sarve aparicitAH santi tatra viyava bandhuH, gurUNAM gururapi vidyaiva / kimadhikaM vidyaiva paramA devtaa| kavinA samIcInamuktam vidyA nAma narasya rUpamadhikaM pracchannaguptaM dhanam vidyA bhogakarI yazaHsukhakarI vidyA gurUNAM guruH / vidyA bandhujano videzagamane vidyA paraM daivatam vidyA rAjasu pUjyate nahi dhanaM vidyAvihInaH pazuH // tathA ca-'svadeze pUjyate rAjA vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate / ' vidyAbalenaiva mAnavAH amRtAH bhavanti paramapadavIJca prApnuvanti 'vidyayA'mRtamaznute / rAjAnaH vidyAvA purastAt natamastakAH jAyante / vidyA pradIpa iva sanmArga darzayati-'ghanAndhakAreSviva diipdrshnm| mahAkavinA daNDinA'pi udghoSita satyam 3: nibandha [ 221 yad yadi asmin jagati vidyAjyotiH na bhavet tahi idaM sakalaM jagat andhakArAvRtaM sampatsyeta idamandhaM tamaH kRtsnaM jAyeta bhuvanatrayam / yadi zabdAhvayaM jyotirAsaMsAraM na dIpyate // . api ca-'sarvasya locanaM zAstraM yasyanAstyandha eva sH|' zabdAhvayaM jyotiraNa vidyeva asti / 'brahmavid brahmava bhavati', 'Rte jJAnAna muktiH' ityAdayaH zrutayaH api mokSaprAptikAraNabhUtAyAH vidyAyAH mAhAtmyaM prakaTayanti / vidyA ekamuttamaM bhUSaNamapi asti-'vidyAsamaM nAsti zarIrabhUSaNam' / sarvavidha ziSTaye satyapi etadapi sunizcitaM yad vinayenaiva vidyA zobhate / vinayAbhAve vidyA 'vidyA' nAsti / ataevoktam vidyA dadAti vinayaM vinayAd yAti pAtratAm / pAtratvAt dhanamApnoti dhanAd dharmastataH sukham // yadyapi saMsAre lakSmIsarasvatyoH virovo'pi dRzyate / tracit matimatAM yA daridratA avalokyate tat sarva durbhAgyavijRmbhitam samyagjJAnAbhAvo vA / saH eva vidvAn yastu kriyAvAn / ataevoktam-'vidyAmadhItyApi bhavanti mUrkhAH yastu kriyAvAn puruSaH sa vidvAn / ' vidyAkRte mahAn zramaH apekSyate / ataH vidyArjanakAle vidyAthibhiH AlasyaM parityajya sukhacintA na karaNIyA, yato hi sukhAthino kuto vidyA, vidyArthinazca kutaH sukham / kiMbahunA, AviSkArANAM jananI, kartavyAkartavyazApakA, muktipradA, sukhAvahA' kItivistArikA, kAmaduhA, bandhusamA, pradIpatulyA, divyanetrasahazA, kalpalateva vidyA kiM kiM na sAdhayati / samucitameva bhaNitam mAteva rakSati piteva hite niyuGkte kAnteva cAbhiramayatyapanIya sedam / lakSmI tanoti vitanoti ca dikSu kIti kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyA / / (17) satyam (satyameva jayate nAnRtam) / sarveSu guNeSu satyaM sarvotkRSTa vartate / sarva granthAH ekamukhena satyasya mahimAnamuddhoSayanti / yathA-'nAsti satyAt paro dharmoM, nAnRtAt pAtakaM mahat / ' ye narAH satataM satyameva bhASante na khalu kadAcidapi antAM giraM niHsArayanti te sarveSAmapi kRte vizvAsasya zraddhAyAzca bhAjanAni bhavanti / aihika pAralaukikaca sarva vidhaM maGgalaM bhavati anena guNena / azvamedhasahasrAdapi satyameva viziSyate / ataevoktam--- azvamedhasahanaM ca satyaM ca tulayA dhRtam / 'azvamedhasahasrAd hi satyameva viziSyate // tathA copaniSadi likhitam-'satyena labhyastapasA meSa bhaagaa'| kiJca, 'sarva satye prtisstthitm'|

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222] . saMskRta-pravezikA [ udyogaH sate kalyANAya hitaM satyam / vastunaH yad svarUpaM vidyate tasya tenaiva rUpeNa prakAzanaM satyamiti / satyadharmasya paripAlanamatIvakaThinam / satyabhASaNaviSaye etadapi cintanIyam yat tat priyamapi bhavet nApriyam / ataevoktam-'satyaM brUyAt priyaM zyAt na cUyAtsatyamapriyam / evaM satyavAdinaH sarvatra sAphalyam, sammAnam, kalyANaJca labhante / yaH khalu asatyaM vadati saH pathabhraSTaH caritrabhraSTazca bhavan sarvatra nindApAtraM bhavati / ittham asatyabhASaNena svasya hAniH nAzazca bhavataH / itihAsAd jJAyate yat mahArAjo dazarathaH svapriyaputra rAma caturdazavarSebhyo dhana preSayat / rAjA harizcandraH satyaparipAlanArthameva vividhAni duHkhAni sehe, pade pade apamAnitazca abhavat, paraM satyabhASaNAt na viraktaH / ajAtazatruH dharmarAjo yudhiSThiraH satyabhASaNasya prabhAvAdeva vijayazriyamalabhata / rAjA mayUradhvajo nijapuSasya ziro arayA vidhA vibhaktavAn / mahAtmA gAndhimahodayo'pi satpAdeva bhAratavarSa svatantramakarot / ataeva 'satyameva jayate' iti rAjacihna bhAratasya svIkRtam / itthaM yadi vayaM jIvanapathi unnatimabhilaSAmaH tahi asmAbhiH satyavratasya paripAlanamavazyaM karaNIyam / dezasya, samAjasya saMsArasya ca kalyANam abhyudayazca sasyAdeva bhaviSyataH / ataH satyamevoktam- 'satyameva jayate naanRtm| (18) udyogaH ( udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmIH ) lagha mahato vA kasyApi kAryasya siddhaye udyogasya mahatI AvazyakatA bhavati / kevalam icchAmAtreNa kArya na siddhayati / ye janAH satatameva udyogaparAyaNAH santi teSAM kRte jagati kimapi asAdhyaM durlabhaJca nAsti / udyoginaH puruSasya purataH siddhayaH baddhAJjalayaH upasthitAH bhavanti, bhAgyamapi udyoginaH eva sAhAyyaM kurute / uktaca pUrvajanmakRtaM karma tadaivamiti kathyate / tasmAt puruSakAreNa vinA devaM na siddhayati / / tathA ca-udyamaH sAhasaM dhairya buddhiH zaktiH praakrmH| SaDete yatra vartante tatra sAhAyyakRd vibhuH // abhilaSitArthaprAptyartha sudRDhena saMkalpena bAdhAmavigaNayya yA pravRttiH, sA udyogaH / udyogo hi puruSakAraH, karma, udyamaH iti ca kathyate / sarvANi duHkhAni sarva cAbhAvAH akarmaNyatayA bhavanti / AlasyaM hi manuSyANAM zarIrastho mahAn ripurasti / udyamasamo nAnyaH bandhurasti / udyogI puruSaH yadi icchettahi samastaM lokamapi parAvartayet / udyogAbhAve sati prAptamapi vinazyati / ataevoktam udyoginaM puruSasiMhamupaiti lakSmIdevena deyamiti kApuruSA badanti / davaM nihatya kuru pauruSamAtmazaktyA yasne kRte yadi na siddhayati ko'tra doSaH / / ahiMsA] 3 : nibandha [ 223 kiJca-udyamena hi sidhyanti kAryANi na mnorthaiH| nahi suptasya siMhasya pravizanti mukhe mRgAH // tathA ca-AlasyaM hi manuSyANAM zarIrastho mahAn ripuH / nAstyudyamasamo bandhuH kRtvA yaM nAvasIdati // yojanAnAM sahasraM tu zanargacchan pipIlikA / agacchan vainateyo'pi padamekaM na gacchati / / * sarvatra vayam udyogasya mahattvam avalokayAmaH / yeSAM kRte pUrvam ekavAramapi bhojana durlabhamAsIt, ye ca zatazo vidIrNAni vastrANi dhArayantaH mahattA kaSTena aGgagopana kartuM zaknuvanti sma te eva udyogena mahAnto dhanavantaH santaH bahumUlyaH kauzeyavasanaH zarIrANi vibhUSayanti / kimadhikam, udyogena alabhyamapi sulabhaM bhavati, asambhavamapi sambhava bhavati, durbalo'pi balavAn bhavati, mUryo'pi vidvAn bhavati / prakRtiH svakIyaM sarvamapi bhavaM tasmai upAyanIkaroti / vaijJAnikAH udyogaprabhAveNaya jale, sthale AkAze ca sarvatra apratihatagativantaH santi / loke viSamatA vilokya kecana kAryasiddhayarthaM devaM ( bhAgyam ) pramANayanti / deve anukUle sarva susAdhyaM bhavati, pratikUle sati sarva viparyasyati / devaprabhAvAdeva puruSottamaH rAmo'pi asambhavamapi hemamRgaM vilokya alubhata / ataevoktam-.--'navAnyathA bhavati yallikhita vidhAtrA' / parantu yathA kSetreSu uptamapi bIja secanAdikarma apekSate tathaiva devasAdhane'pi udyogasyAvazyakatA niyatA / ataevoktaM bhagavadgItAyAm niyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo hakarmaNaH / zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prasidhyedakarmaNaH // prakRtirapi udyogaparatAyAH eva zikSA vitarati / sUrya candrAdayaH pakSikITAdayazcasarve sva-svakAryasalagnAH avalokyante / ataH asmAbhirapi AlasyaM vihAya udyogaparAyaNaH bhavitavyam, yataH pauruSaM vinA bhAgyamapi phaladaM na bhavati yathA kena cakreNa na rathasya matibhavet / tathA puruSakAreNa vinA deva na siddhayati / / (16) ahiMsA (ahiMsA paramo dharmaH) sarveSAmapi satya-brahmacaryAdInAM dharmANA mUlam ahiMsA vartate / ahiMsava dharmamArgaH / paramAtmano'paraM rUpamahisaiva / adhunA jagati hiMsAyAH sAmrAjyamasti / prANivadhaH manorakhanasya sAdhanam vartate / yuddhavibhISikA sarvatra jammAyate / vizvazAntiH cintanIyAM dazAM praaptaa| ataH vartamAnasamaye ahiMsAyArupayogitA prAcInakAlAvapi adhikA jaataa| hiMsA vividhA bhavati-mAnasikI vAcikI kAyikI ca / kasyacita jI azubhAdicintanaM 'mAnasikI' hiMsA / asatyabhASaNena kaThorabhASaNegA.tish

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224 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [guNAH pUjAsthAnam 0 pradAna 'vAcikI' hiMsA / zastrAdinA jIvasya hananaM pratADanaM vA 'kAyikI' hiMsA / etAsAM tisRNAM hiMsAnAM parityAgo'hiseti kathyate / itthamahisAyA idameva maulika rUpa yat mAnavaiH manasA vacasA karmaNA ca tana karaNIyaM yadanyeSAM pratikUla bhavet / uktaJca zrUyatAM dharmasarvasvaM zrutvA caivAvadhAryatAm / AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / / tathA pa-'Atmaupamyena bhUteSu dayAM kurvanti sAdhavaH' / evam 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' iti siddhAntAnusaraNahiMsA / yadi jagati hiMsAyAH tANDavanRtyaM syAtahi na ko'pi naraH dezo vA zAntyA sukhena vA sthAtuM zaknoti / ahiMsAbalenaiva svasya lokasya ca kalyANaM bhaviSyati / ahiMsAzastreNeva bhAratadezaH parAdhInatAM vihAya svatantratAmalabhata / bhagavatA mahAvIreNa, bhagavatA buddhana, mahAtmanA gAndhimahodayena ca ahiMsAyA evopadezaH pradattaH / kaliGgAdhipatinA samrAjA azokenA'pi ahiMsAyAH pracAraH kRtH| jainadharmasya mUlohezyana'hiMsA eva / ahiMsAyAH mahimA acintyaH / zatravo'pi ahiMsayA mitrANi bhavanti, krUrAH api saralA jAyante / ahiMsAparAyaNaH sarvatra nirbhayaM vicaranti, sukhaM pratiSThAMca praapnuvnti| satya-tapa-syAga-kSamA-prema-pavitratA-prabhUtayaH guNAH samAyanti / ki bahunA, asambhabAni api kAryANi ahiMsayA sidhyanti / ahiMsAyAH mAhAtmyaM vicintya eva adhunA saurASTrAta vizvazAntyarthaM prayatante / ittham ahiMsAvyavahAra prazastaH sarvotkRSTadharmapraveti nirvivAdameva / satyamevoktam--'ahiMsA paramo dharma:' / (20) guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNibu naliGgaM na ca vayaH (guNahi sarvatra padaM nidhIyate) 'pUjAyAH AdhArabhUtAH guNA eva santi na tu liGgana ca vayaH' iti pratipAdakena mahAkavinA bhavabhUtinA arundhatyA mukhena sItA prati svakIyaH zraddhAbhAvaH pradazitaH asyAM suukto| zlokavAyam zizu ziSyA vA yadasi mama tattiSThatu tathA vizuddhatkarSastvayi tu mama bhakti dRDhayati / zizutvaM straNaM vA bhavatu nanu vanyAsi jagatAM guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na liGgaM na ca vamaH / / vastutaH guNIpuruSaH sarvasyApi jagataH sammAnapAtratA labhate / laghurapi saH mahato pUjyaH zraddheyazca bhavati / mahAnapi guNarahitaH janaH sadAcAribhiH na kevalam anAdriyate eva apitu tyajyate'pi / dharmapriyeNa guNavatA vibhISaNena vidvAn svabhrAtA rAvaNo'pi parityaktaH, rAmazca aadritH| guNAH pUjAsthAnam ] 3. nibandha [225 yadyapi jagati 'sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayanti' ityapi sUktiH suprsiddhaa| dRzyate ca nirguNo'pi guNavAn, nirakSaro'pi vidvAn bhavati dhanaprabhAvAt / parantu aghunaiva sarvatra jIvana nirvAhaH na bhavati / artharAzi prApya janAH sammAnAvAptaye samAje samutsukAH dRzyante / vAstavikI sammAnaprAptistu guNadvArA eva bhavati / guNinaM vinA dhanikAnAM kAryasiddhirna bhavati / 'guNairhi sarvatra padaM nidhIyate' ityaM guNaraprApyaM kiJcidapi nAsti / 'svadeze pUjyate rAjA vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate' ityapi coktam / zAstrAdhyayanamAtreNa ko'pi vidvAn guNo vA na bhavati / vastutaH sa eva vidvAn muNavAn ca yaH kriyAvAn / guNAH kutra bhavanti ? kasmin samaye kastha vayasi vA samudbhUtAH bhavanti? iti vaktuM na zakyate / tatra strItvaM-puruSatvaM, bAlyatvaM vRddhatvaM, zUdratvaM-brAhmaNatvaM ca kAraNaM nAsti / ataevoktam guNAH sarvatra pUjyante pitRvaMzo nirarthakaH / vAsudevaM namasyanti vasudevaM na mAnavAH / / na hi janmani jyeSThatvaM jyeSThatvaM guNa ucyte| guNAt gurutvamAyAti dadhi-dugdha-ghRtaM tathA / vastutastu mAnavajIvane guNAnAM mahanmUlyaM vartate / guNAnAmabhAve tu mAnavajIvana pazuvadeva niSphalaM bhavati / samyaguktam yeSAM na vidyA na tapo na dAnaM jJAnaM na zIlaM na guNo na dhrmH| te matyaloke bhuvi bhArabhUtAH manuSyarUpeNa mRgAzcaranti / eteSAM guNAnAmeva vaiziSTayAt pikaH sakriyate, kAkaH tiraskriyate ca / guNaH yAdRrNa sammAna pratiSThA snehazca prApyate tat sarva nAnyaH saadhnH| dhanAdibhiH yA pratiSThA labhyate sA na cirasthAyinI, na lokavyApinI na ca sajjanaranumoditA / ataH 'guNaM pRcchasva mA rUpam, zIlaM pRcchasva mA kulam' ityuktam / kica, 'gaNA: guNazeSu' guNAH bhavanti te niguNaM prApya bhavanti doSAH / ityAdibhiH yathA guNamAhAtmya nirvivAdam tathaiva tatra 'AyulinAdInAM vaiziSTadhaM nAsti' ityapi samIcInam / ataH sarvatra guNAn vicArya evaM AdaraH kartavyaH na tu kevalam AyuliGgAdIn vilokya / /

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pariziSTa ( Appendix) pariziSTa : 1: dhAtukoSa prathama gaNa (bhvAdi.)aT (pa, ghumanA ) aTati, aTatu, ATata, aTeta, aTiSyati / ATayati, aTaghate arca (pa, pUjanA) acaMti, arcatu, Arcata, arcet, aviSyati / arcayati, acca te arja (pa, kamAnA ) arjati, arjatu, Arjana, arjata, ajiSyati / arjayati, aya'te aI, (pa, yogya0 ) arhati, arhatu, AhaMda, ahaMda, ahiSyati / ahaMyati, arkhate IkSa (A, dekhanA) IkSate, IkSatAm, aikSata, IkSeta, iikssissyte| IkSayati, IkSyate ISya (pa, IrSyA0) Iya'ti, ImaMtu, aimaMda, ISyat, IyiSyati / Iya'yati, ISyate Iha, (A, cAhanA) Ihate, IhatAm, aihata, Iheta, IhiSyate / Iyati, IhAte R (A, kamAnA) arjate, arjatAm, Arjata, arjeta, ajiSyate / arjayate, aya'te ee (mA, bar3hanA), edhate, edhatAm, aidhata, egheta, edhiSyate / edhayati, edhyate kam (A, cAhanA) kAmayate, kAmayatAm akAmayata, kAmayeta, kAmayiSyate / kAmayati kampa (A, kAMpanA) kampate, kampatAm, akampata,kampeta, kampiSyate / kampayati,kampyate kAs (A, khAMsanA) kAsate,kAsatAm,akAsata,kAseta, kAsiSyate / kAsayati,kAsyate kIla (pa, gAr3anA) kIlati, kIlatu, akIlata, kIleta, kIliSyati / kIlayati, kIlyate kurda, (A, kUdanA) kUdate, kUrdatAm, akUrdata, kUrpata, kUdiSyate / kUrdayati, kUryate kUj (pa, cUM) kUjati, kUjatu, akUjat, kUjet, kRjiSyati / kUjayati, kUjyate kUpa (A, samartha0) kalpate, kalpatAm, akalpata, kalpeta, kalpiSyate / kalpayati, kalpyate kRS (pa, jotanA) karSati, karSatu, akarSata, karSet, kaya'ti / karSayati, kRSyate 111111111 / 1 : bhvAdi gaNa ] . pariziSTa :1: dhAtukoSa' [227 krand (pa, ronA ) krandati, krandatu, akandat, krandet, krandiSyati / kanyayati, kanyate kam (pa, calanA) kAmati, kAmatu, akrAmat, kAmet , miSyati / kamayati, kamyate kIr3a (pa, khelanA) krIDati, krIDatu, akroData, kIDeta, kIDiSyati, / krIDayati, kIDapate kSam (bhA, kSamA0) kSamate, kSamatAm, akSamata, kSameta, kSamiSyate / kSamayati, kSamyate kSi (pa, naSTa0) kSayati, kSayatu, akSayat, kSayet, kSeSyati / kSAyayati, kSIyate kSubh (A, kSubdha0) kSobhate, kSobhatAm,akSobhata,kSobheta,kSobhiSyate / kSobhayati, kSubhyate khan (u, khodanA) khanati, khanatu, akhanat, khaneta, khaniSyati / khAnayati, khanyate khAd (pa, khAnA) khAdati, khAdatu, akhAdata, khAdeta, khAdiSyati / khAdayati, khAdyate khel (pa, khelanA) khelati, khelatu, akhelat, khelet, kheliSyati / khelayati, khelyate gad (pa, kahanA) ni+gadati, gadatu, agadat, gadeva, gadiSyati / gAdayati, gadyate gam (pa, jAnA) gacchati, gacchatu, agacchat, gacchet, gamiSyati / gamayati, gamyate garja (pa, garajanA) garjati, garjata, agarjata,- garjeta, gajiSyati / garjayati, gaya'te gaha, (A, nindA0) garhate, garhatAm, agahata, garheta, gahiSyate / gaha~ yati, gAte gAha, (A, ghusanA) gAhale, gAhatAm, agAhata,gAheta, gAhiSyate / gAhayati, gAhyate guGg, (pa, gaM janA) guAti, gujatu, aguJjat ,gujet, guJjidhyati / guJjayati, gujyate gup (pa,rakSA0) gopAyati,gopAyatu,agopAyat,gopAyet gopiSyati / gopayati,gopyate gup (A, nindA0) jugupsate, jugupsatAm ,ajugupsata, jugupseta,jugupsidhyate / jugupsayati guha, (u, chipAnA ) gRhati-te, gRhatu, agRhat, gRhet, gRhiSyati / mUhayati, guhyate gai (pa, mAnA ) gAyati, gAyatu, agAyat, gAyet, gAsyati / mAyayati, gIyate as (A, khAnA ) asate, grasatAm, anasata, aseta, asiSyate / prAsayati, asyate gle (pa, dukhI0) glAyati, glAyatu, aglAyat, glAyet, balAsyati / glApayati, glAyate ghaTa (mA, yatna) ghaTate, ghaTatAm, aghaTata, ghaTeta, ghaTiSyate / ghaTayati, ghaTyate ghrA (pa, sUMghanA) jinnati, jighratu, ajighrat, Nit, ghrASyati / prApayati, prAyate cam (pa, pInA) A + cAmati,cAmatu, acAmat, cAmet, cAmiSyati / cAmayati, camyate car (pa, calanA ) carati, caratu, acarat, careta, cariSyati / cArayati, paryate cav (pa, cabAnA) carvati, carvatu, acava, parvata, caviSyati / carvayati, caryate cala (pa, kampana0) calati, calatu, acalata, caleta, caliSyati / calayati, palyate cit' (pa, samajhanA ) cetati, cetatu, acetat, cetet, cetiSyati / cetayati, cityate cumbU (pa, cUmanA) cumbati, cumbatu, ambat, cumbeda, dhumbidhyati / jumvyati, cumbyate 1. (ka) gaNa ke krama se tathA akArAdi krama se prasiddha dhAtuoM ke kramazaH laT, loT, laGa, vidhiliG, luT aura Nic-pratyayAnta va karmavAcya ke pra0 pu0 ekavacana ke rUpa die gae haiM / (kha) ubhayapadI dhAtuoM ke parasmaipada meM hI adhika pracalita hone ke kAraNa unake prAyaH parasmaipada ke hI rUpa die gae haiN| (ga) bhaneka artha vAlI ghAtuoM kA koSThaka meM eka hI artha diyA gayA hai| (gha) 'jo dhAtueM ekAdhika gaNa meM haiM unakA prasiddhi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kahIM-kahIM ullekha kara diyA hai| (Ga)pa, A, u ye varNa kramazaH parasmaipadI, AtmanepadI aura ubhayapadI ke bodhaka haiN| 2. kAz (bhA,camakanA) isake rUpoM meM 'sa' ke sthAna para 'za' hogA / jaise-kAzate / 1. yaha dhAtu caturtha gaNa meM parasmaipadI hotI hai| jaise--kSAmyati, bhAgmat / 2. yaha dhAtu curAdigaNa meM sbhayapadI hotI hai| jaise-gahaMyati-te / 3. yaha pAtu curAdigaNa meM (socanA artha meM ) mA0hotI hai| zrI-bhAgate /

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228] saMskRta-pravezikA [1 : bhvAdi gaNa cUSu (pa, cUsanA ) cUpati, cUSatu, acUSada, cUSet, cUSiSyati / cUSayati, cUSyate ceSTa (bA, ceSTA0)ceSTate, ceSTatAm, aceSTata, ceSTeta, peSTiSyate / ceSTayati, ceSTayate jap (pa, japanA) japati, japatu, ajapat, japet, japiSyati / jApayati, japyate jalpa (pa, yAta0) jalpati, jalpatu, ajalpata, jalpeta, jalpiSyati / jalpayati, jalpyate ji (pa, jItanA) jayati, jayata, ajayata, jayet, jeSyati / jAyayati, jIyate jIva (pa, jInA) jIvati, jIvatu, ajIvat, jIveta, jIviSyati / jIvayati, jIvyate (bA, bhAI ) ambhate, jRmbhatAm, ajRmbhata, jambheta, RmbhiSyate / jambhayati, jvala (pa, jalanA) jvalati, jvalatu,ajvalava, jvaleta,jvaliSyati / jvAlayati,jvalyate tam (pa, chIlanA) takSati, takSatu, atakSat, takSet, takSiSyati / takSayati, takSyate / tam (pa, tapanA) tapati, tapatu, batapat, tapeta, tapsyati / tApayati, tapyate tarNa' (pa, matsnA0) tarjati, tajaMtu, atarjata, tarjeta, taniSpati / tarjayati, tapate tu (pa, tairanA) tarati, taratu, atarat, tareta, tariSyati / tArayati, tIryate tyajU (ka, chor3anA) tyajati, tyajatu, atyajata, tyajeva, tyakSyati / tyAjayati, tyajyate pap (mA, lajAnA) trapate, apatAm, atrapata, peta, piSyate / apayati, pyate *(mA, bacAnA) trAyate, pAyatAm, atrAyata, kAmeta, trAsyate / nApayati, trAyate svar (mA, jaldI0) tvarate, tvaratAm, atyarata, tvareta, tvariSyate / tvarayati, svaryate daya (bA, dayA0) dayate, dayatAm, adayata, dayeta, dayiSyate / dApayati, dayyate daMe (pa, DasanA) dazati, dazatu, avazata, dazeta, dakSyati / dazayati, dazyate vaha (pa, jalAnA) dahati, bahatu, abahata, daheta, dhakSyati / dAhayati, dahyate dIkSa (A, dIkSA0)dIkSate,dIkSatAma, adIkSata, dIkSeta, dIkSiSyate / dIkSayati, dIkSyate daza (pa, devanA) pazyati, pazyatu, apazyat, pazyet, drakSyati / darzayati, dRzyate yuva (bA, camakanA)yotate, dyotatAm, adyotata, dyoteta, cotiSyate / dyotayati, dyutyate du(pa, pighalanA) dravati, dravatu, adravat, veda, droSyati / drAvayati, dUyate dhAd (u, daur3anA) dhAvati, dhAvatu, adhAvata dhAveta, dhAviSyati / dhAvayati, ghAvyate dhUpa (pa, sukhAnA) ghUpAyati, dhUpAyata, adhUpAyat, dhUpAyet, dhUpAyiSyati / dhUpAyayati mA (pa, pheMkanA.) dhamati, dhamatu, aghamana, dhameda, mAsyati / mApayati, dhmAyate dhya (pa, dhyAna0) dhyAyati, dhyAyatu,adhyAyat, dhyAyet, dhyAsyati / dhyApayati, dhyAyate dhvan (pa, zabda0) dhvanati, dhvanata, adhvana, dhvanet, dhvaniSyati / dhvanayati, dhvanyate / dhvaMs (bhA, naSTa0) basate,dhvaMsatAm adhvaMsata,dhvaMseta, dhvaMsiSyate / dhvaMsayati, dhvasyate mad (pa, nAda0) nadati, nadatU, banadada, nadeva, nadiSyati / nAdayati, nadyate nand (pa, prasanna0) nanvati, nandatu, anandava, nandeva, mandiSyati / nandayati, nandyate 1 : vAdi gaNa] pariziSTa : 1: dhAtukoSa [ 226 nam (pa, zukanA) namati, namata, anamata, nameta, nasyati / namayati, namyate nind (pa, nindA) nindati,nindata, anindava, nindeva, nindidhyati / nindayati, nidyate nI (pa, lejAnA) nayati, nayatu, anayata, mayet, neSyati / nAyayati, nIyate (A, rojAnA) bhayate, nayatAm, anayata, nayeta, neSyate / nAyayati, nIyate paca (u, pakAnA) pacati, pacatu, apacat, pacet, pakSyati / pAcayatti, pacyate paTh (pa, par3anA) paThati, paThatu, apaThat, paThet, paThiSyati / pAThayati, paThapate paNa (A, kharIdanA) paNate, paNatAm/apaNata, paNeta, paNiSyate / pANayati, paNyate pat (pa, giranA) patati, patatu, apatat, patet, patiSyati / pAtayati, patyate pA (pa, pInA) pivati, pibatu apibat, pibet, pAsyati / pAyayati, pIyate pU (mA, pavitra) pavate, pavatAm, apavata, parvata, paviSyate / pAvayati, pUyate plu (A, kUdanA ) plavate, plaktAm, aplavata, plaveta, pyoSyate / plAvayati, plUyate phal (pa, phalanA ) phalati, phalatu, aphala, phaleta, phasidhyati / phAlyati, phalyate bAdh(bA, pIr3A0) bAdhate, bAdhatAm, abAdhata, bAgheta, bASiSyate / bAdhayati, bAdhyate budh' (u, jAnanA) bodhati, bodhatu, abodhata, boce, bodhiSyati / bodhayati, budhyate bhaj (u, sevA0) bhajati, bhajatu, abhajata, bhajet, bhakSyati / bhAjayati, bhajyate bhaN (pa, kahanA ) bhaNati, bhaNadu, abhaNat, bhaNet, bhaNiSyati / bhANayati, bhavyate bhASa(A, kahanA) bhASate, bhASatAm, abhASata, bhASeta, bhASiSyate / bhASayati, bhASyate bhAs (bA, camakanA) bhAsate,, bhAsatAm, abhAsata, bhArota, bhAsiSyate / bhAsayati, bhit ( A, mAMganA) bhikSate, bhikSatAm, abhikSata, bhikSeta, bhividhyate / bhikSayati bhidi (pa, Tukar3e0) bhidati, bhidatu, abhivat, bhideva, bhidiSyati / bhindayati, bhidyate.' bhU (pa, honA) bhavati, bhavatu, abhavat, bhavet, bhaviSyati / bhAvayati, bhUyate. bhUp (pa, sajAnA ) bhUSati, bhUSatu, abhUSat, bhUSeva, bhUviSyati / bhUSayati, bhUSyate bhU* (u, bharanA) bharati-te, bharatu, abharata, bhareda, bhariSyati / bhArayati, priyate bhrama' (pa, ghUmanA ) bhramati, bhramatu, abhramat, bhrameva, bhramiSyati / bhramayati, bhramyate bhraMza (A, giranA) bhraMzate, bhraMzatAm, abhraMzata, bhraMzeta, bhraMziSyate / bhraMzayati, aMzyate mam (pa, mayanA) mathati, mathatu, amathan, mayet, maSiSyati / mAyayati, madhyate mAn (A, jijJAsA0) mImAMsate, mImAMsatAm, amImAMsata, mImAMseta, mImAMsidhyate / 1. budha (4, bA, jAnanA) budhyate, budhyatAm, abudhyata, budhyet,bhotsyte| bodhayati,budhyate / 2. bhid (7,u,tor3anA) bhinatti (bhinte), bhinattu, abhinat, bhindyAtmetsyati / bheSagati 3. bhU (3,u,dhAraNa) biti(vibhUte),bibharta, avibhaH, vibhayAta, mariSyati / bhAramati 4. pram (4,pa, ghUmanA) bhrAmyati, bhAmpatu, anAmyata, prAbhyeta, agimati pramAta 5. mAn (10, u, Adara) mAnayati,mAnayata,amAmayata, mAnayeta.mANanimnati mApana 1. yaha dhAtu curAdigaNa meM (DA~TanA artha meM) 0 hotI hai / jaise-tarjayate /

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23.] saMskRta-pravezikA [1:mbAdi gaNa mIla (pa, mAMkha mIcanA) mIlati, mIlatu, amIlat, mIleka, mIliSyati / mIlayati muda (A, prasanna0) modate, moyatAm, amodata, modeta, modiSyate / modayati, mudyate mUrcha (pa,mUchita0) mUrchati,mUcrchatu,amUcrchata marchan, macchiSyati / macchayati, murchayate mla (pa, murajhAnA) mlAyati, mlAyatu, amlAyata, mlAyeta, mlAsyati / mlApayati yaz2a (u, yajJa0) yajati-te, yajatu, ayajat, yajeta, yakSyati / yAjayati, ijyate yat (mA, prayala0) yatate, yatatAm, ayatata, yateta, yatiSyate / yAtayati, yasyate yAca (u, mAMganA) yAcati, yAcatu, ayAcata, yAceta, yAciSyati / yAcayati, yAcyate rakSa (pa, pAlana0) rakSati, rakSatu, bharadAta, rakSeta, rakSidhyati / rakSayati, rakSyate raT (pa, raTanA) rati, rastu, araTat, raTeta, raTiSyati / rATayati, raThAte ram' (bA, ramanA) ramate, ramatAm, aramata, rameta, rasyate / ramayati, ramyate rAj (u, camakanA) rAjati, rAjatu, arAjat, rAjeta, rAjiSyati / rAjayati, rAjyate ruca (A, acchA0) rocate, rocatAm, arocata, roceta,rocidhyate / rocayati, rucyate ruha (pa, uganA) rohati, rohatu, arohata, roheta, rossyti| rohayati, rahate laga (pa, laganA) gati, lagatu, alagat, lageta, lagiSyati / lagayati, lagyate. laha (mA, lauSanA) ut + lapate, saMpatAm, alaMpata, laMgheta, laMpiSpate / laMghayati labha (mA, pAnA) labhate, labhatAm, alamata, labheta, labhasyate / sambhayati, labhyate lambU (mA, laTakanA) sambate, lambatAm, alambata, lambeta, lmbissyte| lambayati lasa (pa, zobhita0)vi+lasati, lasatu, alasat laset, lasiSyati / lAsayati, lasyate liGga, (pa, AliMgama0) A+liMgati,liMgatu,aliMgat, liMget, ligiSyati / liMgayati luTa (pa, loTanA) loTati, loTatu, aloTat, loTeta, loTiSyati / khoTayati, luTAte nuda (pa, bilonA) A+ loDati, loDatu, aloDat, loDet, loDiSyati / loDayati bad (pa, bolanA) vadati, vadatu, avadat, badeta, vadiSyati / bAyayati, udyate vanda (mA, praNAma0) vandate, vandatAm, avandata, vandeta, vandiSyate / bandayati vandyate vap (u, bonA ) vapati-te, vapatu, avapat, vapet, vapsyati / vApayati, upyate vam (pa, ugalanA) vamati, vamatu, avamat, vamet, vamiSyati / vamayati, vamyate vas (pa, rahanA) vasati, vasatu, avasat, vaset, vatsyati / vAsayati, udhyate baha, (u, DhonA) vahati-te, bahata, avahat , baheta, vakSyati / bAhayati, uhyate vAJcha (pa, cAhanA) vAJchati,vAJchatu, avAJchat, vAJchet,vAJchiSyati / vAJchayati vRt (A, honA) vartate, vartatAm, avartata, varteta, batiSyate / vartayati, vRtyate vRdha (A, bar3hanA) vardhate, vardhatAm, avardhata, vardheta, vadhiSyate / vardhayati, vRdhyate 1 : vAdi gaNa] pariziSTa : 1: dhAtukoSa [231 vRSa (pa, barasanA ) varSati, varSatu, avarSat, varSet, vaSiSyati / varSayati, vRSyate ve (u, bunanA) vayati-te, vayatu, avayat, vayet, vAsyati / vAyayati, yate vep (A, kaoNpanA) vepate, vepatAm, avepata, vepeta, vepicyate / bepayati, veSyate veST (dhA, gheranA) veSTate, veSTatAm, aveSTata, veSTeta, veSTiSyate / veSTayati, veSTyate vyay (A, duHkhita) vyathate, vyathatAm, avyathata, vyatheta, vyayiSyate / vyathayati baj (pa, jAnA) vrajati, prajata, avajat, brajet, prajiSyati / vAjayati, bajyate zaDU (mA, zaGkA0) zabUte, zatAm,azaGkata, zaGkata,zatidhyate / zaGkapati,zaGkayate - zam (u, zApa.) zapati-te, zapatu, azapat, zapet, zapsyati / bhApati, zapyate zaMs (pa, prazaMsA0) pra+zaMsati, zaMsatu, asat, zaMset, zaMsiSyati / zaMsayati, zaMsyate ziz (A,sIkhanA) zikSate,zikSatAm,azikSata, zikSeta,zikSiSyate / zikSayati, zikSyate zuc (pa, zoka0) zocati, zocatu, azocata, zoceta, zociSyati / zocayati, zucyate zubha (A, camakanA) zobhate, zobhatAm, azobhata, zobheta, zobhidhyate / zobhayati zcut (pa, cUnA) zrotati, zvotata, adhotata, cIteta, zrotiSyati / zrotayati,pracatyate bhi (u, Azraya0) zrayati-te, ayatu, aSayata, zrayeta, zrayiSyati / thAyayati, dhIyate dhu (pa, sunanA) zRNoti, zRNotu, azRNot, zRNuyAt, zroSyati / zrAvayati, zrUyate zlAth (A, prazaMsA) pralApate,zlAghatAma, azlAghata,palAgheta, palASiSyate / zlASayati SThin (pa, yUkanA) ni+NTIvati, SThIvatu, aSThIvat SThIvet, TheviSyati / SThevayati sad (pa, baiThanA) ni+ sIdati, sIdatu, asIdat, sIdeva, satsyati / sAdayati, sadyate saha, (A, sahanA) sahate, sahatAm, masahata, saheta, sahiSyate / sAhayati, sahyate sU (pa, sarakanA) sarati, saratu, asarata, sareta, sariSyati / sArayati, niyate seva (mA, sevA karanA) sevate, sevatAm, asevata, seveta, seviSyate / sevayati, sevyate sval (pa, giranA)skhalati,skhalatu,askhalat,skhaleta,svaliSyati / svalayati,svalyate sthA (pa, ThaharanA) tiSThati, tiSThatu, atiSThata, tiSThata, sthAsyati / sthApayati, sthIyate spanda (mA,phar3akanA) spandate, spandatAm, aspandata, spandeta, spandiSyate / spandayati spardha (A,sparSAM0)spardhate, spardhatAm, asprdht,sprdhet,sdhissyte| spardhayati, spadhyate smi (A, muskarAnA) smayate, smayatAm, asmayata, smayeta,smeSyate / smAyayati, smIyate smR (pa, smaraNa0) smarati, smaratu, asmarata, smareta, smariSyati / smArayati, smaryate syand (A, bahanA) syandateM, syandatAm, aspandata, spanveta, syandiSyate / syandayati saMs (mA, sarakanA) saMsate, saMsatAm, annasata, saMseta, saMsiSyate / saMsayati, saMsyate sa (pa, cUnA) sravati, vavatu, asravat, navet, sroSyati / sAvayati, khUmate has (pa, haranA) hasati, hasatu, ahasat, haset, hasiSyati / hAsamati, mate ha (u,curAnA) harati-te, haratu, aharat, hareta, hariSyati / hAragati, lagate Dhe (u, bulAnA) mA+bapati, hayatu, abjayata, jayet ayamati jAti varga 1. vi+ram (1, pa, ramanA) viramati, viramatu, vyaramat,viramet, viraMsyati / 2. lava dhAtu curAdigaNa meM u0 hai / jaise-lNghyti-te|

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3 : juho; 4 : divAdi] pariziSTa : 1: dhAtukoSa [233 tRtIya gaNa (juhotyAdi)dA' (pa, denA) dadAti, dadAtu, adadAt, dadyAt, dAsyati / dApayati, dIyate (A, denA) datte, dattAm, adatta, dadIta, dAsyate / dApayati, dIyate ghA (pa, dhAraNa) dadhAti, dadhAtu, adadhAt, dadhyAt, dhAsyati / dhApayati, dhIyate (A, dhAraNa) dhatte, dhattAm, adhatta, dadhIta, dhAsyate / dhApayati, dhIyate bhI (pa, DaranA) bibheti, vibhetu, abibheda, bibhIyAta, bheSyati / bhAyayati, bhIyate bha (u, pAlanA) viti, bibhartu, avibhaH, bibhUyAta, bhariSyati / bhArayati, priyate hA (pa, chor3anA) jahAti, jahAtu, ajahAt, jahAda, hAsyati / hApayati, hIyate hu (pa, yajJa karanA) juhoti, juhotu, ajuhota, guhayAt, hoSyati / hAvayati, hUyate 232] saMskRta-pravezikA [2: adAdi gaNa dvitIya gaNa (adAdi)ad (pa, bAnA) atti, attu, Adat, adyAt, atsyati / Adayati, adyate as (pa, honA) asti, astu, AsIta, syAta, bhaviSyati / bhAvayati, bhUyate As (mA, baiThanA) Aste, AstAm, Asta,AsIta, AsiSyate / mAsayati Asyate i(pa, jAnA) eti, eta, ait, iyAt, eSyati / gamayati, Iyate i(A, par3hanA) madhi + Ite, ItAm, aita, IyIta, eSyate / adhyApayati, adhIyate cakAs(pa,camakanA)cakAsti,cakAstu acakAsta,cakAsthAt,cakAsiSyati / cakAsayati jA (pa, jAganA) jAgati, jAgata, ajAgata, jAgRyAta, jAgariSyati / jAgarayati duha, (pa, JhanA) dogdhi, dogdhu, adhoka, duhmAt, ghokSyati / dohayati, duhyate (mA, duhanA) dugdhe, dugdhAm, adugdha, duhIta, ghokyate / dohayati, duhyate drA(pa, sonA) ni+dAti, nidrAta jyadAt, nidrAyAta, nidrAspati / nidrApayati, nidrAyate dviSu (u, dveSa0)STi, deSTu, adveST, dviSyAta, devayati / dveSayati, dviSyate pA (pa, rakSA0) pAti, pAtu, apAt, pAyAt, pAsyati / pAyayati, pAyate bU (pa, bolanA ) pravIti, pravItu, abravIta, brUyAta, vakSyati / pAcayati, ucyate (A, bolanA) chUte, jUtAm, abrUta, bravIta, badhyate / vAcayati, ucyate bhA (pa, camakanA) bhAti, bhAtu, bhAta, bhAyAda, bhAsyati / bhAsayati, bhAsyate mA (pa, nApanA) mAti, mAtu, amAt, mAyAta, mAsyati / mApayati, mIyate yA (pa, jAnA) yAti, vAtu, ayAta, yAyAt, yAsyati / yApayati, yAyate ru(pa, zabda karanA) rIti, rautu, arauta, rUyAta, raviSyati / rAvayati, rUyate * run (pa, ronA) roviti, rovitu, arodIt, rudyAta, rodiSyati / rodayati, rudyate liha, (u, cATanA) ledi, lekha, aleT, lihyAt, leSyati / lehayati, lihate vA (pa, havA bahanA) vAti, vAtu, abAt, vAyAt, vAsyati / vApayati, vAyate vid' (pa, jAnanA ) vetti, vettu, avena, vidyAt, vediSyati / vedayati, vedyate zAs (pa, zikSA0) zAsti, zAstu, azAta, ziSyAt, zAsiSyati / zAsayati, ziSyate zI (A, sonA) zete, zetAm, azeta, zayIta, zayiSyate / zAyayati, zayyate zvas (pa, sAMsa0) basiti, zvasitu,azvasIta,zvasyAt, vasiSyati / zvAsayati, zvasyate sU (A, janma denA) sUte, sUtAm, asUta, suvIta, saviSyate / sAvayati, sUyate stu (u, stuti0) stauti, stotu, astIt, stuyAta, stoSyati / stAvayati, stUyate snA (pa, nahAnA) snAti, snAtu, asnAt, snAyAt, snAsyati / snApayati, snAyate svap (pa, sonA) svapiti, svapitu, asvapIda,svapyAta, svasyati / svApayati, supyate hana (pa, mAranA) hanti, hantu, ahan, hanyAt, haniSyati / pAtayati, hanyate caturtha gaNa (divAdi)kup (pa, krodha0) kupyati, kupyatu, akupyat, kuSyet kopiSyati / kopayati, kRpyate krudh (pa, kruddha0) krudhyati, krudhyatu, anuSya , kuSyet, krotsyati / kroSayati, kuSyate klam (pa, thakanA) klAmyati, klAmyatu, aklAmpat, klAmyet, pala miSyati / klAmayati kSam (pa, kSamA0) kSAmyati, kSAmyatu, akSAmyat, kSAmyet, kSamiSyati / kSamayati, kSudha (pa, bhUkha0) kSudhyati, kSudhyatu, azudhyat, kSudhyet, kosyati / kSodhayati, kSudhyate khid (bhA,khinna0) vidyate, khidyatAm, akhidyata, khiota, betsyati / khedayati, vidyate jan (A, paidA0) jAyate, jAyatAm, ajAyata, jAyeta, janiSyate / janayati, janyate ja (pa, vRddha0) jIryati, jIryatu, ajIryat, jIryet, jariSyati / atyati, jIryate hI (A, ur3anA) ut + DIyate,DIyatAm, aDIyata, DIyeta, yiSyate / DAyayati, DIyate tum (pa, tuSTa) tuSyati, tuSyatu, anuSyat, tuSyet, tIkSyati ! toSayati, tuSyate tRp (pa, tRpta0 ) tRpyati, tRpyatu, atRpyat, tRpyet, tapiSyati / tarpayati, tRpyate tRS (pa, pyAsA.) tRSyati, tRSyatu, atRSyat, tRSyet, taSiSyati / tarSayati, tRSyate as (pa, DaranA ) trasyatti, trasyatu, atrasyat, trasyet, siSyati / trAsapati, trasyate dama (pa, vamana0) dAmyati, dAbhyanu, adAmyat, dAmyet, damiSyati / damayati, vamyate div (pa, jubA0) dIvyati, dIvyatu, adIvyata, dIvyeta, deviSyati / devayati, dIvyate dIp (A, camakanA) dIpyate, dIpyatAm,adIpyata,dIpyeta,dIpicyate / dIpayati, dIpyate duS (pa, bigar3anA ) duSyati, duSyatu, aduSyat , duSyet, dozyati / dUSayati. duSyate dU (A, duHkhita0) dUyate, yatAm, adyata, dUyeta, daviSyate / dAvayati, pUyate dRp (pa, garva0) dRSyati, dRpyatu, adRpyat, dRSyet, SiSyati / varpayati, dRpyAne druha (ga, doha0) druhyati, druhyatu, adruhyat, duhyet, drohiSyati / drohamati, hamane 1. dA ( 1, pa, denA ) yacchati / ( 2, pa, kATanA) vAti / 1. vid (4,A, honA) vidyate / (6,u,pAnA) vindati / (10 A, kahanA) nivedayate

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234] saMskRta-pravezikA [4: divAdi; 5: svAdi naz (pa, maSTa0) nazyati, nazyatu, anazyat , nazyeta, naziSyati / nAzayati, nazyate nRt (pa, nAcanA) nRtyati, nRtyatu, anRtyat, natyet, natiSyati / nartayati, natyate puS' (pa, puSTa0) puSyati, puSyatu, apuSyat, puSyeta, pokSayati / poSayati, puSyate prI' (mA, prasanna) prIyate, prIyatAma, aprIyata, prIyeta, preSyate / prAyaSati, prIyate budha (A, jAnanA ) budhyate, budhyatAm, abudhyata, budhyeta, bhotsyate / bodhayati, budhyate ghram (pa, dhUmanA) bhrAmyati, bhrAmyatu, abhrAmyava, bhrAmyet, bhramiSyati / bhramayati, muha (pa, moha ) muhyati, muhyatu, amuhmada, muhyeda, mohiSyati / mohayati, muhyate yuj (A, dhyAna0) yujyate, yujyatAm, ayujyata, yujyeta, yokyate / yojayati, yujyate yudha (A, lar3anA) yudhyate, yudhyatAm, ayudhyata, yudhyeta, yotsyate / yodhayati, yudhyate 'raja (u, prasanna0) rajyati, rajyatu, arajyat, rajyet, rakSyati / rajjayati, rajyate ruS (pa, ruSTa0) ruSyati, raSyatu, aruSyat, ruSyeta, roSiSyati / roSayati, raSyate lI (A, lIna0) lIyate, lIyatAm, alIyata, lIyeta, leSyate / lAyayati, lIyate lupa (pa, lupta0) lupyati, lupyatu, alupyat, lupta, lopiSyati / lopayati, tupyate nubh (pa, lobha0) lubhyati, lubhyata, alubhyat, lubhyeta, lobhiSyati / lobhayati, lubhyate vid (A, honA) vidyate, vidyatAm, avidyata, vidyeta, vetsyate / vedayati, vidyate / vyadhu (pa,bIMdhanA) viSyati, vidhyatu, avidhyata, vidhyet, vyatsyati / vyAdhayati, vidhyate zam (pa, zAnta0) zAmyati, zAmyatu, azAmyada, zAmyeva, zamidhyati / zamayati,zamyate zudha (pa, zuddha) zudhyati, zudhyatu, azudhyada, zudhyeta, zotsyati / zoSayati, zudhyate zuSu (pa, sUkhanA ) zuSyati, zuSyatu, azuSyat, zudhyet, zokSyati / zoSayati, zuSyate zram, (pa, zrama0) thAmyati, zrAmyatu, azrAmyat, zrAmyeva, amiSyati / zramya ti, dhamyate zliSu (pa, mAliMgana) zilaSyati, zilaSyatu, azliSyat, zliSyet, zleSyati / sidhu (pa, pUrA0) sidhyati, sidhyatu, asidhyat, sidhyet, setsyati / sAdhayati, sidhyate siva (pa, sInA) sImyati, sIvyatu, asIvyat, sIvyet, seviSyati / sevayati, sIvyate sniha, (pa,sneha0) sniAti, sniAtu, asniAt, sniAta, snehiSyati / snehayati, hRSa (pa, khuza honA) hRSyati, hRSyatu, ahRSyat, hRSyet, harSiSyati / harSayati, iSyate paJcama gaNa (svAdi)Ap (pa, jAnA) Apnoti,Apnotu,Apnot ,ApnuyAt,Apsyati / Apayati, Apyate ci (pa, cunanA) cinoti, cinotu, acinot, cinuyAt, ceSyati / cAyayati cIyate (mA, cunanA) cinute, cinutAm, acinta, cinvIta, ceSyate / cAyavati, cIyate lililin 6 : tudAdi] pariziSTa: 1: dhAtukoSa [235 du (pa, duHkhita honA) dunoti, dunotu, adunot dunuyAt, doSyati / dAvayati, yate dhu (u, hilAnA) dhunoti, dhunotu, adhunot, dhunuyAt, dhoSyati / ghAvayati, dhUyate '(u, cunanA) vRNoti, vRNotu, avRNot, vRNuyAt, pariSyati / vArayati, viyate zak (pa, sakanA) zaknoti, zaknotu, azaknot, zajhnuyAt, zakSyati / zAkayati, prAkyate sAdhu (pa, pUrA0) sAnoti, sAdhanotu, asAdhnot, sAdhnuyAt, sAtsyati / sAdhayati SaSTha gaNa ( tudAdi)-- iSu (pa, cAhanA) icchati, icchatu, aicchat, icchet, eSiSyati / eSayati, iSyate ujm (pa, chor3anA)ujjhati,ujAtu, bojhat, ujjot,ujimaSyati / ujnayati, ujjayate kut (pa, kATanA) kRntati, kantatu, akRntat, kRntet, katiSyati / kartayati, kRtyate ka (pa, vikheranA) kirati, kiratu, akirat, kiret, kariSyati / kArayati, kIryate kSip (u, phekanA) kSipati, kSipanu, akSipat, kSipeta, kSepsyati / kSepayati, kSipyate gumpha (pa, DthanA) gumphati, gumphanu, agumphat , gumpheta, gumphiSyati / gumphayati, mumpayate tud (u, duHva0) tudati, tudatu, atudat, tubet, totsyati / todayati, tudyate truT (pa, TUTanA) truTati, tuTatu, atruTat, Teta, truTiSyati / troTayati, Tyate viz (u, kahanA ) dizati, dizatu, adizat, dizet, dezyati / dezayati, vizyate dR (A, Adara0) A + driyate, dviyatAm, adviyata, driyeta, dariSyate / darayati, driyate nuda (u, preraNA.) nuvati-te, nudatu, anudat, nuvet, notsyati / nodayati, nuyate praccha (pa, pUchanA) pRcchati, pRcchatu, apRcchat, pRcchat, prakSyati / pracchyati, pRSThavate bhrasj (u,bhUnanA) bhRjjati, bhRjjatu, abhRjjat, bhRjjet, prakSyati / prajjayati, prajyate gasj (pa, DUbanA) majjati, majjatu, amajz2at, majjet, makSyati / majjayati, majjyate mila (u, milanA) milati, milatu, amilana,mileta, meliSyati / melayati, milyate muca (u, chor3anA) muvati, mukhAtu, amuJcat, mukhyaka, mokSyati / mocayati, muNyate mR (mA, maranA) mriyate, niyatAm, amriyata, niyeta, mariSyati / mArayati, mriyate lasju (bA, lajjita0) lajjate, sajjatAm, alajjata, lajjeta, lajjiSyate / majjayati likhu (pa, likhanA) likhati, likhatu, alikhata, lakheta, lekhiSyati / lekhapati, liNyate lie (u, lIpanA) limpati, limpatu, alimpata, limpeta, lepsyati / lepayati, lipyate vid (u, pAnA) vindati, vindatu avindat, vindet, bediSyati / vedayati, vidyate viz (pa, ghusanA) pra+vizati, vizatu, bavizat, vizeSa, veSyati / vezayati, vizyate sin (u, sIMcanA) siMcati, siMcatu, asiMcana, siMcet, sekSyati / secayati, ziSyate sRj (pa, banAnA ) sRjati, sRjatu, asRjat, sRjet lakSyati / sarjayati, gAne 1. puS ( 6, pa, puSTa karanA) puSNAti / (10, u, pAlanA ) poSayati-te / 2. prI (6, u, prasanna karanA) prINAti / (10, u, prasanna karanA) prINapati-te 3. yuj (7, u, milAnA ) yunakti / (10, u, lagAnA) yojyti-te| 1. vR (E, A, chA~TanA ) vRNIte / (10. u, haTAgA) pArayati /

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236] . saMskRta-pravezikA [7-6 rupAdi, tanAdi, brayAdi spRz (pa, chUnA ) spRzati, spRzatu, aspRzat, spRzet, spRSyati / sparzayati, spRzyate sphuT (pa,khilanA) sphuTati, sphuTatu, asphuTat, sphuTet, sphuTiSyati / sphoTayati sphuTyate sphura (pa, phar3akanA) sphurati, sphuratu, asphurat, sphuret, sphuriSyati / sphArayati sphuryate saptama gaNa ( rudhAdi) indhI (mA, jalanA ) indhe, indhAma, aindha, indhIta, indhiSyate / indhayati, idhyate kSuda (u, pIsanA) aNatti, kSuNatu, akSuNata, anyAt, kSotsyati / kSodayati, kSudyate chid (u, kATanA) chinatti, chinattu, acchinat, chinyAta, chetsyati / chedayati, chicate piS (pa, pIsanA) pinaSTi, pinaSTu, apinaSTa, pidhyAt, pekSyati / peSayati, piSyate bhaja (pa, tor3anA) bhanakti, bhanaktu, abhanaka, bhajyAt,bhakyati / bhaJjayati, bhajyate bhid (u, tor3anA) bhinatti, bhinattu, abhinat, bhindyAt, bhetsyati / bhedayati, bhidyate bhuj (pa, pAlanA ) bhunakti, bhunaktu, abhunak, muLyAt, bhIkSyati / bhojayati, bhujyate (thA, khAnA ) bhuGkte, bhuGktAm, abhuGkta, bhujIta, bhokssyte,| bhojayati, yuj (u, milAnA) yunakti, yunaktu, ayunak, gurujyAt, yokSyati / yojayati, yujyate rupa (pa, rokamA ) ruNaddhi, ruNadu, aruNat, sandhyAt, rotsyati / rodhayati, rudhyate' (A, rokanA ) rundhe, rundhAm, arundha, sandhIta, rotsyate / rodhayati, rudhyate his (pa, hiMsA0) hinasti, hinastu, ahinat,hiMsyAt, hisiSyati / hiMsayatihiMsyate aSTama gaNa (tanAdi) kR (pa, karanA) karoti, karonu, akarot kuryAt, kariSyati / kArayati, kriyate / (A, karanA) kurute, kurutAm, akuruta, kurvIta, kariSyate / kArayati, kriyate tam (pa, phailAnA) tanoti, tanotu, atanot, tanuyAt, taniSyati / tAnayati, tanyate " (A, phailAnA ) tanute, tanutAm, atanuta, tanvIta, taniSyate / tAnayati, tamyate / . navama gaNa (kramAdi)az (pa, khAnA) apanAti, aznAtu, AznAt, aznIyAt, aziSyati, / ANapati; krI (pa, kharIdanA) krINAti, krINAtu,akrINAt, krINIyAt,kreSyati / kApayati krIyate - (bhA) krINIte, krINItAma, akrINIta, krINIta, veSyate / krApayati, krIyate / anya (pa, saMgraha0) granAti,adhnAtu,agnathnAt, adhnIyAt granthiSyati / granthayati, adhyate / graha, (u, lenA) gRhNAti, gRhAta, agRhAta gahIyAta, grahISyati / grAhayati, gRhyate / zo (pa, jAnanA ) jAnAti, jAnAtu, ajAnAt, jAnIyAta, zAsyati / zApayati, (A) jAnIte, jAnItAm, ajAnIta, jAnIta, jJAsyate / jJApayati, jJAyate / puS (pa,puSTa0) puSNAti, puSNAtu, apuSNAt puSNIyAt, poSiSyati / poSayati, poSyate 10 : curAdi] pariziSTa : 1 : dhAtukoSa [237. pU (pa, pavitra0) punAti, punAnu, apunAta, punIyAt, paviSyati / pAyayati, pUryate prI (u.prasana0) prINAti, prINAtu, aprINAt, prINIyAt, preSyati / praNayati, prIyate bandhu (pa, bA~dhanA) badhnAti,badhnAtu,avaghnAt badhnIyAt, bhantsyati / bandhayati, badhyate manth (pa, mathanA) madhnAti, madhnAtu, amathnAt, manIyAt, manthiSyati / mandhayati, muS (pa, cUrAnA) muSNAti, muSNAtu, amuSNAt, muSNIyAt, moSiSyati / moSayati lU (u, kATanA) lunAti, lunAtu, alunAt, lunIyAt, lavisyati / lAvayati, lUyate vu (A, chA~TanA ) dRNIte, vRNItAm, adRNIta,vRNIta, variSyate / vArayati, niyate dazama gaNa (curAdi )Andola(u,hilAnA)Andolamati, dolayatu, dolayat, dolayet, dolyissyti|dolyte ap (u, pahu~cAnA) Apayati, Apayatu, Apayat, Apayet, ApayiSyati / Apyate Ir (u, preraNA0) pra+Irayati-te, Irayatu, airayat, Irayet, IrayiSyati / Iryate kath (pa, kahanA ) kathayati, kathayatu, akathayat, kathayet, kathayiSyati / kathyate (A, kahanA ) kathayate, kathayatAm, akathayata, kathayeta, kathayiSyate / kathyate kRt (u, nAma lenA) kIrtayati, kIrtayatu, akIrtayat,kIrtayet, kIrtayiSyati / kIrtyate kSal (u, ghonA) pra+kSAlayatikSAlayatu,akSAlayat ,kSAlayet,kSAlayiSyati / kSAlyate khaND (u, tor3anA) khaNDayati,khaNDayatu, akhaNDayat, khaNDot, khaNDayiSyati / khaNDacate gaNa (u, ginanA) gaNayati-te, gaNayatu, agaNayat, gaNayet, gaNayiSyati / gaNyate gaveSu (u, khojanA) gaveSayati, gaveSagatu, agaveSayat, gaveSayet, gaveSayiSyati / gaveSyate guNTha (u, pUMghaTa0) ava+guNThayati, guNThayatu, aguNThayat, guNThayet, guNThayiSyati, guMThayate ghuSa (u, ghoSaNA.) ghoSayati, ghoSayatu, aghoSayat, ghopayet, ghoSayiSyati / poSyate citra (u, citra0) citrayati, citrayatu, acitrayat, citrayet, citrayiSyati / citryate cint (acintA0) cintayati.cintayatu,acintayat,cintayet, cintayiSyati / cintyate cihna.(u, cihna) cihnayati,cihnavatu, avihvayat, cihnayeta,cihnayiSyati, / cihapate cad (u, preraNA0) codayati, codayatu, acodayat, codayet, podayiSyati / codyate cura (u, curAnA) dorayati-te,corayatu, acorayata, corayeta, corayiSyati / coryate cUrNa (u, cUrNa0 ) cUrNayati, cUrNayatu, acUrNayat, cUrNayet , cUrNayiSyati / cUya'te chad (u, DhakanA) A+ chAdayati,chAdayatu, acchAdayat,chAdayet, chAdayiSyati / chAdyate jJA (u, AjJA0) mA + zApayati, jJApayatu, ajJApayat , jApayet, zApayiSyati / jJApyate TazU (u, cihna) TaGkapati, TaGkayatu, aTaLUyat, TaGkayet, TaGkayiSyati / Takyate tar3a (u, pITanA ) tAiyati, tADayatu, atADayat, tADayet , tADayiSyati / tADapate 1.curAdigaNa ke preraNArthaka rUpoM meM antara nahIM hotA hai / ataH jagaheM chor3a diyaa|

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238] saMskRta-pravezikA [10 : curAdi 10: curAdi,1: sambandhI varga] pariziSTa : 2 : zabdakoSa [236 lok (u,dekhanA) A + lokayati,lokayatu,alokayat,lokayet, loka yiSyati / lokyate loca (u, dekhanA) A+ locayati,locayatu, alocayata, locayet, locayiSyati / locyate vac (u, vAcanA) vAcayati-te, vAcayatu, avAcayat, vAcayet, vaacyissyti| vAcyate baJca (u, ThaganA) vaJcayati,vaJcayatu, avaJcayat, vaJcayet, vaJcayiSyati / badhyate vid (u, kahanA) ni + vedayati, vedayatu, avedayat, vedayet, vedayiSyati / vedyate bIj (u, paMkhA0) bIjayati, vIjayatu, avIjayat, vIjayet, vIjayiSyati / vIjyate (u, haTAnA, DhakanA)vArayati-te, vArayatu, avArayat, vArayet, vArayiSyati / vAryate vRj (u, chor3anA) varjayati, varjayatu, avarjayat, varjayet, varjayiSyati / vayate sAntv (u,sAntvanA0) sAntvayati, sAntvayatu, asAntvayat, sAntvayet,sAntvayiSyati / sUca (u, sUcanA0) sUcayati, sUcayatu, asUcayat, sUpayet, sUcayiSyati / sUcyate sUtra (u, saMkSipta0) sUtrayati, sUtrayatu, asUtrayat, sUtrayet, sUtrayiSyati / sUjyate spRha (u, cAhanA) spRhayati, spRhayatu, aspRhayat, spRhyet, spRhayiSyati / spRhyate svad (u, svAda0)svAdayati, svAdayatu, asvAdayat, svAdayet, svAdayiSyati / svAdyate tarka (u, socanA) tarkapati, tarkayatu, atarkayat, tarkayet, tarkayiSyati / tarphaghate saMs (u, sajAnA ) ava+taMsayati, taMsayatu, ataMsayat, taMsayet, saMsayiSyati / tasyate tula (u, solanA) tolayati, tolayatu, matolayat, tolayet, tolayiSyati / tolyate daNDa (u, daNDa0) daNDayati, daNDayatu, adaNDayata, daNDayeta, daNDayiSyati / daNAdhate dhU (u, rakhanA) dhArayati-se, dhArayatu, adhArayat, dhArayet, dhArayiSyati / dhAryate ghRSa (u, dabAnA) gharSayati, dharSayatu, adharSayat, dharSayet, gharSayiSyati / ghamaMte pAla (u, pAlanA) pAlayati, pAlayatu, apAlayat, pAlayet, pAlayiSyati / pAlyate pIDa (u, duHkha0) pIDayati, pIDayatu, apIDayat, pIDayet, pIDayiSyati / pIDadhate pUSa (u, pAlanA) poSayati-te, poSayatu, apoSayat, poSayet, poSayiSyati / poSyate pUj (u, pUjanA) pUjayati-ro, pUjayatu, apuujyt| pUjayet, pUjayiSyati / pUjyate pUr (u, bharanA) pUrayati-te, pUrayatu, apUrayat, pUrayet, pUrayiSyati / pUryate prI (u, prasanna) prINayati-te, prINayatu, aprINayat, prINayet, prINayiSyati / prINyate bhaH (u, khAnA ) bhakSayati-te, bhakSayatu, abhakSayat, bhakSayet, bhakSayiSyati / bhakSyate bhatsa (u, DA~TanA) bharsayati, bharsayatu, abhasaMyat, bhasayet, bhatsaMyiSyati / bhatsyate maNDa (u, sajAnA) maNDayati, maNDayatu, amaNDayat, maNDayeta, maNDayiSyati / manDapate mantra (u, mantraNA0) mantrayati, mantrayatu, amantrayat, mantrayet, mantrayiSyati / manyate mAna (u, Adara0) mAnayati-te, mAnayatu, amAnayat, mAnayeta, mAnayiSyati / mAnyate mArga (u,LaMTanA) mAyati-te, mArgayatu, amAnyata, mAyeta, mArga yissyti| mAryate mArja (u,sApha0) mArjayati, mArjayatu, amArjayata, mArjayeta, mAjayiSyati / bhAjyate mizra(u,milAnA) mizrayati-te, mizrayatu, amizrayat, mizrayet, mithayiSyati / mithyate muca (u, mukta0) mocayati-te, mocayatu, amocayat, mocayet, mocyissyti| mocyate mRga (u, DhUMDhanA) mRgayati, mRgayatu, amRgayat, mRgayeta, mRgayiSyati / mRzyate mRj (u, sApha0) mArjayati-te, mArjayatu, amArjayat, mArjayet, maarjyissyti| mAya'te mRSa (u, kSamA0) marSayati, marSayatu, amarSayat, marSayet, marSayiSyati / maya'te yantra (u,niyamita0)ni + yantrayati, yantrayata, ayantrayat , yntryet,yntryissyti| yatryate yuj (u, lagAnA) yojayati-taM, yojayatu, ayojayata, yojayet, yojayiSyati / yojyate raca (u, banAnA) racayati-te, racayatu, aracayat, racayet, racayiSyati / racyate ras (u, svAda0) rasayati-te, rasayatu, arasayat, rasayet, rasaviSyati / rasyate rUp (u, rUpa banAnA) rUpayati-te, rUpayata, marUpayat, rUpayet, rUpayiSyati / rUpyate lakS (u, dekhanA) lakSayati-te, lakSayatu, alakSayat, lakSayet, lakSayiSyati / lakSyate laGgha (u, lA~dhanA) lakhapati-te, laGghayata, alaGghayat, lajayet, laGkayiSyati / laMdhyate laD (u, pyAra0) lAuyati-te, lADayata, alAiyat, lADayet, lADayiSyati / lAcyate pariziSTa :2.(vAg-vyavahAra ) zabdakoSa (1) sambandhI varga (Relations)| dAsI-ceTI atithi-atithi: duzmana-ariH, zatruH, ripuH adhyApaka--adhyApakaH dUta--saMdezaharaH dUtaH aurata-nArI, strI, yoSit devara-deva (devI) kula-kuTumbam, parivAra devarAnI-yAtR (yAtA) gAbhina-garbhiNI nanada-nanAndR (nanAndA) grAhaka-grAhakaH, kretA nAtI-gapta (naptA) cAcA ( kAkA)-pitRvyaH nAnA-mAtAmahaH celA-ziSyaH nokara-mRtyaH, dAsaH, sevakaH, anucaraH chinAra-kulaTA, puMzcalI pati-patiH, bhartA, dhavaH jamIMdAra-bhUmipatiH, bhUsvAmI pativratA-pativratA, satI jaMvAI (dAmAda)-jAmAtA patohU-putravadhUH jIjA(bahanoI)-bhaginIpatiH, AvuttaH patnI-patnI, bhAryA, dArAH (puM0) jeTha-patyagrajaH paradAdA-prapitAmahaH dAdA-pitAmahaH paranAnA-pramAtAmahaH drAdI-pitAmahI parapotA-prapautra

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2:zarIra varga] pariziSTa : 2: zabdakoSa [241 240] saMskRta-pravezikA [1-2 sambandhI evaM zarIra varga parIkSaka-parIkSakaH yajamAna-yajamAnaH parIkSArthI parIkSArthI yAra (Paramour)-upapatiH, jAraH pitA-janakaH, pitR (pitA) rAMr3a-vidhavA, raNDA, putra-AtmajaH, putraH,tanayaH, sutaH, sUnuH | rAnI-rAzI putrI-AtmajA, sutA, putrI, duhitA | " (paTarAnI)-mahiSI potA-pautra: riztedAra ( sambandhI)-bandhuH, zAtiH potI-pautrI vezyA-vezyA, gaNikA, rUpAjIvA phUmA (buA)-pitRsvasA sakhI-AliH, sakhI phUphA-pitRsvasRpatiH sasura-zvazuraH bahina-bhaginI, svasA sAlA-pyAla: bahU-vadhUH, vadhUTikA sAlI-zyAlikA bhatIjA-bhAtuSputraH, prAtRjaH sAsa-zvazrUH bhatIjI-bhrAtRsutA sohAgina-saubhAgyavatI, pativatI bhAI-bhrAtA (2) zarIra varga ( Parts of the ___Body) "sagA-sahodaraH, sodaraH aMgUThA-aGguSThaH * sautelA-vimAtRjaH, vaimAtrayaH aGgulI' aGguliH "choTA-anujaH aMDakoSa vRSaNaH, muSkaH bar3A-agrajaH A~kha-netram, nayanam, akSi, loca" cacerA-pitRvyaputraH nam, cakSuH "pharpharA-paitRSbasrayaH A~kha kI putalI-kanInikA, tArakA " mamerA-mAtuleyaH AMta-antram " mauserA-mAtRSvaneyaH A~sU-azru bhAnajA-bhAgineyaH, bhaginIputra: indriya-indriyam bhAbhI ( bhaujAI)-prAtRjAyA er3I-pANiH mAtA-mAtA, jananI oTha-oSThaH mAmA-mAtulaH " (nIce kA)-adharaH mAmI-mAtulAnI, mAtulI kaMkAla-kakAlaH, asthipaJjaraH mAlika-svAmI, pranuH kanapaTI-gaNDasthalam mitra-mitram, suhRd, sakhA, vayasyaH / kandhA-skandhaH, aMsaH mausA-mAtRSvasRpatiH kamara-kaTiH mausI--mAtRSvasa (mAtRSvasA) | kalAI-maNibandhaH, prakoSThaH 1. aMgUThA ke bAda kI cAroM aMguliyoM ke kramazaH nAma--tarjanI, madhyamA, anAmikA, kaniSThA (knisstthikaa)| kalejA-vRkkam kAna--karNaH, zrotram khUna-rudhiram, raktam kUbar3a-kubjaH kohanI-kaphoNiH, kUparaH gardana-grIvA garbhAzaya-garbhAzayaH, jarAyuH galA kaNThaH gAla-kapola: gudA-gudA, maladvAram goda--koDa:, aGkaH, utsaGgaH ghuTanA-jAnu: camar3A-svaka, carma (napuM0) cullU-culukaH cUka-cUcukam, kucAgram cUtar3a-nitambaH . coTI-zikhA, cUDA " (striyoM kI)-beNI chAtI-vakSaH, ura jAMgha-jaMghA, UraH . jIbha-jihvA, rasanA ThuDDI-cibukam, hanuH taluvA-pAdatalam tAlu-tAlu, kAkudam toMda-nandam thUka --niSThIvanam dA~ta-dalaH, dazanaH, radana dADhI-kurvam, dimAga-mastiSkam nasa-zirA nAka-nAsikA, prANam nAkhana-nakhaH, kararuhaH nAr3I-nADiH, snAyuH, dhamanI palaka-pakSma (mapu.) pasInA-prasvedaH pA~va-pAdaH, caraNaH, adbhiH pITha-pRSThana peTa-udaram, kukSiH phephar3A-phuphphusam bAha-bAhuH, bhujaH bAla-kezaH, ziroruhaH, kacaH balgama-kaphaH, zleSmA bhauMha-bhrUH, bhRkuTI mana--manaH (napuM0), nittam, antaHkaraNam mala-malam, purISam, viSThA masUr3A-dantamAMsam mAMsa-mAMsam, AmiSam, pizitam mAthA-lalATam, bhAla muMha-Ananam, vaktraM, mukham muTThI-muSTiH, muSTikA mUMcha-zmathu mUtra-mUtram yoni-yoniH, bhagaH . rIr3ha-pRSThAMsthi (na ) lAra-lAlA, syandinI liGga-liGgam, zizna: vIrya-zukram zarIra-zarIram, gAtram', dehaH, kAyaH, tanuH sira-ziraH, zIrSam stana-stanaH, kucaH, payodharasa, uroja: haDDI-asthi (napuM.) | hathesI-karatalA, kAratamam | hAtha karaH pANina

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242] . saMskRta-pravezikA [3-5 AbhUSaNa, vastra, gRhasthI0 5: gRhasthI kI sAmagrI] pariziSTa : 2: zabdakoSa [243 AbharaNam (3) AbhUSaNa varga (Ornaments) | khar3AU~-pAdukA aMgUThI-agulIyakam , kamikA gaddA-tUlasaMstaraH " (nAmAMkita)-mudrikA galebanda-galabandhaH, kaNThAMzukam kaMganA-kaMkaNaH, kaMkaNam cAdara-pracchadaH kar3A-kaTakaH, valayaH cithar3A-kanyA kaNThA-kaNThAbharaNam, kaNThikA colI-kaJcukI kanaphUla-karNapUraH, karNAvataMsaH jA~ghiyA-ardhArukam karadhanI-mekhalA, kAJciH jUtA-upAnaha kuNDala-kuNDalam takiyA-upadhAnam, zirodhAnI gahanA-AbhUSaNam, alaGkAraH, tauliyA-upavastram darI-AstaraNam ghugharU-kiMkiNI dupaTTA-uttarIyam, dvipaTI cUr3AmaNi-cUDAmaNiH, ziroratnam dhotI---adhovastram, parighAnIyam cUr3I (kAMca kI)-kAcavalayaH . pagar3I-uSNISam chAgala-padacArukaH paradA--yavanikA, avaguNThanam . pAyajeba-nUpuraH, nUpuram, majIraH peTIkoTa (sAyA)-antarIyam, antarvastram * bAjUbanda-kevaram, aMgadam .. bichiyA (paira kA)-padarajakaH bichaunA-zayyA, AstaraNam mAlA-sak burkA-nicolaH, pracchadapaTaH ( motI kI)--muktAvalI blAusa-kaMculikA mukuTa-kirITam, mukuTam / maphalara-kaNThAMzukam, galabandhaH mazaharI-mazakaharI hAra-hAraH mojA (para kA)-pAdatrANavastram haMsulI-veyakam "(hAtha kA)-hastatrANavastram (4) vastra varga (Clothes). rajAI-tUlikA, tUlapaTI aMgarakhA-aGgarakSikA, aGgarakSaka ruI-kArpAsaH, tulaH aMgochA-gAtramArjanI, upavastram rUmAla -karavastram or3hanI-pracchadapaTa: rezama-kauzeyam kaMvala-kambala salavAra-syUtavaraH kapar3A-vastram, vasanam, cIram, calam sAr3I-zAMTikA "(kanI)-aurNam, karNAmayam sveTara-UrjAvaraNam " (sUtI)-kArpAsam (5) gRhasthI kI sAmagrI ... " (rezamI)-kauzeyam / (Domestic- Articles) - kuratA-kaJcakaH, nicola: aMgIThI-hasantI AinA-darpaNaH, AdarzaH, mukuraH DresiMga Tebila-zRGgAraphalakam imAmadastA-azmamAlam takhtA-kASThapaTTam ubaTana-udvartanam tarAjU-tulA okhalI-ulUkhalam " (DaMDI)-tulAdaNDaH kaMghI-prasAdhanI, kaMkatikA " (palar3A) tulAphalakam kaTorA-kaToram tavA-RjISam kar3AhI--kaTAha tAlA-tAlakam karachula-darvI tAlI-kuJjikA kAgaja-kAgada tipAI-tripAdikA kAjala-kajjalam, aJjanam davAta-masIpAtram kApI-kappikA dA~ta-kuredanI-dantazodhanI kIla-kIlakam dAtIna-dantadhAvanam, dantapavanam kursI-AsandikA, viSTaram, Asanam ; diyA-dIpaH, dIpakam kUcI-kUcikA diyAsalAI-dIpazalAkA kaicI-katarI, katanI dhAgA (DorA)-sUtram, tantu : kharala-khallaH nAkhUnapAliza-nakharaJjanam khATa-khaTvA patIlI-sthAlI khUTI-nAgadantaH palaGga-paryaGkaH galIcA-kuthaH pAuDara-cUrNakam gilAsa ( kAMca kA)-kAMcakaMsaH pItala-pittalam geMda-kandukaH peTI-maJjUSA ghar3A-ghaTaH, kumbhaH, kalazaH peMsila-tUlikA ghar3I-paTikA pyAlA-caSakaH cakkI-peSaNI, gharaTUTaH pleTa-zarAvaH caTAI-kaTa: pharnIcara-upaskaraH cammaca-camasaH phAuMTanapena-dhArAlekhanI calanI-cAlanI baTakharA (tarAjU kA)-yautavam cAkU-kSurikA battI-vartikA cUlhA-callI balva (bijalI kA)-vidyuddIpakam caukI-catuSpAdikA bastA-veSTanam jhAr3a-sammAnI, zodhanI bAlTI--udaJcanam Deska-lekhanapITham | baiMpa-phalakaH

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244] saMskRta-pravezikA [5-6 : gRhasthI0, pazu-pakSI 6 : pazu-pakSI Adi] pariziSTa : 2: zabdakoSa [245 borA-zaNapuTaH | aNDA-aNDam braza-romamArjanI, tUlikA ajagara-ajagaraH " (dA~toM kA)-dantamArjanI ullU-ullU kaH, kauzikaH bleDa-rakam U~Ta-uSTra:, kramelakaH bhaTThI-bhrASTrikA kachuA-kUrmaH, kacchapaH maMjana (dAMta kA)-dantacUrNam kachuvI-kacchapI mahAvara--alaktakaH kaThaphor3A---zatacchadaH, kASThakuTTaH mUsala-musalaH kabUtara-kapotaH meMhadI-maddhiSThA kIr3A-makor3A-kITA meja-phalakam kutiyA-zunI rabar3a-gharSaka: kuttA-zvA, kukkuraH rassI (DorI)-rajjuH keMkar3A-karkaTakaH, kulIraH lakar3I-dAru keMcuA-zilI, kiJcakaH lAlaTenakAMcadIpaH koyala-kokilaH, parabhRn, pikaH lipasTika-oSTharajanam .. koyala kI bolI-kuhuH loTA (kamaNDalu)-karakaH kauAkAkaH, vAyasaH, dhvAkSaH lor3hA-zilAputraH kaur3I-padikA saMr3asI-sandezaH khaMjana-khaMjanaH saMdUka--majUSA, peTikA khaTamala-matkuNaH sarItA--zaMkulA kharamoza-zazakA, zazaH sAbuna-phenilam gadhA-gardabhaH, kharaH siMdUra-sindUram gAya---gauH, dhenuH sila-zilApaTTam, zilA giragiTa-saraTaH, kRkalAsaH suI-sUciH gIdar3a-gomAyuH, zRgAlaH.. ... sUpa-sUrpaH | gIdhanaH sophA-AsandikA maiMDA-gaNDakaH sTUla-saMvezaH / gojara-zatapadI . sTenalesa sTIla-niSkalaGkAyasam goha-godhA sTova-mRtalacullI gaurayA-caTakI, caTakA sno-haimam ghoMsalA-nIDaH, kulAyaH svica (vijalI kA)-vidyutkuJjikA ghor3A-azvaH, ghoTakaH (6) pazu-pakSi Adi ( Animals, cakavA cakravAkaH Birds etc.) cakanI-cakravAkI cakora-koraH, candrikApAyI bakarI-ajA, chAgI camagAdar3a-ajinapatrA, jatukA | bagulA-bakaH cir3iyA-pakSI, khagaH, vihagaH, baTera lAvA, vatikA dvijaH, zakuntaH batakha-vartakaH, kAdambaH cIMTI-pipIlikA bandara-vAnaraH, kapiH, markaTaH, cItA-citrakAyaH lAgUla cIla-cillaH: cillA baraM---gandholI cIlara-svedajaH bApa-vyAghraH, dvIpin, zAla: cuhiyA-mUSikA bAja-zyenaH cUhA--mUSakaH, AkhuH viccha-vRzcikaH coMca-paJcaH biDAla-mArjAraH, viDAlaH chachUndara-chachugdarI billI-mArjArI chipakalI-pallI baila-vRSabhaH, balIvadaH juganU-vadyotaH, jyotiriGgaNaH bhAlU-bhallUkaH, RkSaH jU-yUkA bher3a----meSaH, eDakA joMka-jalaukA bher3iyA-vRkaH zIgura-zillI bhaisa-mahiSI TiTaharI-TiTTibhaH, TiTTimI bhaisA-mahiSaH DaoNsa-daMzaH bhIrA-bhramaraH tItara-tittiraH makar3I-UrNanAbhaH, lUtA teMdunA-tarakSaH makkhI-makSikA totA-zukaH, kIraH magara-makaraH dAdura (meMDhaka)-darduraH macchar3a-mazakaH dImaka-vAlmIkaH machalI-mInaH, matsyaH, saSaH nAka-kumbhIraH, nakra: madhumakkhI-madhumakSikA nIlakaNTha-nIlakaNThaH murgA-kukkuTaH nIla gau-gavayaH murgI-kukkuTI nevalA-nakulaH meMDhaka-maNDUkaH, bhekara, darduraH " paMkha-pakSaH, patram mainA-sArikA (zArikA). pataMgA(TiDDI)-zasabhaH mora-mayUraH, zikhI * papIhA-cAtakaH / " kA paMca-picchama, bAha bakarA-ajaH, chAgaH / | " kI golIkA ..

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saMskRta-pravezikA [7. khAdya-padArtha 7:khAdya-padArtha ] pariziSTa : 2:zabdakoSa khicar3I-kRzaH khIra-pAyasam khIrA-caTi:, puSam gallA-annarAziH gAjara-janam tambAkU-tamAkhuH tarabUja-tarabUjam, kAlindam tAr3I-tArikam tila-tilA tItA-tiktaH tela-tailama " (sarasoM)-sarvapatalam " (miTTI) khanijatalama toraI-jAlinI rohU-rohitaH aravI-AlukI laMgUra-golAGgalaH arahara-ADhakI lIba-likSA AdalA-AmalakI lomar3I-lomazA ATA-piSTam, piSTAnnam zera-siMhaH, mRgendraH Ama-AmraH, rasAlaH, sahakAraH zeSanAga-zeSaH, anantaH AlU-golAlu sAMr3a-gopatiH imalI-tintaDIkaH sAMpa-ahiH, sarpaH, bhujagaH, bhujaGgaH | ilAyacI-elA " phaNA-phaNA ur3ada-mASaH " keMculI-nirmoka: kakar3I-karkaTI sArasa-sArasaH kacaur3I-mASagarbhA, karSarikA siyAra-zRgAlaH sIpa-zuktikA, zuktiH kaTahala-panasaH, panasam suara-zUkaraH, varAhaH kaDavA-kadA sehI-zalyaH kar3hI--temanam, vesanI bhosa-zizumAraH katthA-khadiram haMsa-haMsaH, marAlaH kaI-- kuSmANDa hAthI-gajA, karI karelA-kAravellam, kaTillam hArIta-hArItaH kalA-kaSAyaH hiraNa-mRgaH, hariNaH, kuraGgaH kAjU-kAjavam, kAjukA (7) khAdya-padArtha-(Eatables) kAphI-kaphanI aMgUra-drAkSA kAlImirca-maricam aMjIra-aMjIram kisamiza (dAkha)-zuSkadrAkSA akharoTa-akSoTam, akSoTaka' " (choTI) kSudradrAkSA, nirvIjA pracAra-sandhitam kuMdara-kundaruH ajavAina-ajamodikA kelA-kadalI, rambhAphalam adarakha-AIkam kaitha-kapitthaH anAra dADimam kodoM-kodravaH anna-annam khajUra-kharjUram aphIma-ahiphenaH khaTTA-amlaH amacUra-AmracUrNam kharabUjA-kharbujam amarUda-perukam, amRtaphalam khAMDa-khaNDaH amAvaTa AnAtakam | khAjA-madhuzIrSaH gulAbajAmuna-dugdhapUpikA mUlara-udumbaram gehU~ % godhUmaH " kA ATA-godhUmacUrNam dhI-dhRtam, Ajyam, sapiH caTanI-avalehaH, avadaMzaH caTapaTA-madhuratiktaH canA-caNakaH capAtI-carpaTI cAyapAnI-pAyapAnam cAvala-taNDasaH, akSatAH (0) " (pakA)-odanam, bhaktam "(bhUsIsahita)-bIhiH cirauMjI-priyAlam cInI-zarkarA chImI (maTara) zimbA, zami chohADA-jhudhAharam jalapAna jalapAnam jalebI-kuNDalI, kuNDalinI jAmuna-jambUphalam, jIrA-jIrakaH, jIrakam dahIvar3A-dadhivaTaka bAla-dvidalam " (pakI)-sUpaH dAlacInI-dArUtvacam dAlamoTha-dAlamudgaH dUdha-dugdham, payaH, bIram dhaniyA-dhAnyakam dhAna-dhAmyam, zAliH namaka-lavaNam namaka (seMdhA)-saMdhavam namakIna-lavaNAmam nAraMgI( satarA)-nArAma, nAraGga, nAraGgakA nAriyala-nArikelam nIbU-nimbUkam pakavAna-pakvAnnam pakaur3I-pakvaTikA papar3I-parpaTI papItA-eraNDaM, cibhiTam paravala-paTolam, pANDakA pApar3a-paMTA. pAna-tAmbalam pAlaka-pAnayA jo (java)-yavaH jvAra-yavanAlA TiMDA-TiDizaH TosTa-bhraSTApUpa: DabalaroTI-abhyUSaH

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24] saMskRta-pravezikA [7:khAdya-pAdArtha [246 pistA--aMkolama pIpara-pippalI pulAva (taharI)-pulAkaH pUjA-apUpaH | miThAI-miSTAnnam mIThA-madhuraH mirca-marIcaH mistrI-sitopalA munakkA-madhurikA | murambA-miSTapAka musammI-mAtuluMgaH 1 : Nijanta dhAtuyeM] pariziSTa : 3 : pratyayAnta dhAtuyeM supArI-pUgaH, pUgIphalam harra-harItakI sema-simbA, zimbiH / haluA-saMyAvaH sevaI (biyA)-sUtrikA haldI-haridrA, kAJcI soMTha-zuNThI / hIMga-hiMguH, rAmaTham peThA-koSmANDam podInA-ajagandhaH, pudInaH postA-pauSTikam pyAja-palANDu . . phala-phalam phAlasA-punAgaphalam phainI-phenikA batAzA-bAtAza bathuA-vAstukam baher3A-bibhItakaH bAjarA--priyaGguH bAdAma-vAtAdam biskuTa-piTakaH bera-badarI, karkandhuH bela-bilvam, zrIphalam besana-paNakacUrNam * bhaNTA-bhaNTAkI, vRntAkam .. bhAMga-vijayA bhiNDI-bhiNDakA mkkhn-nvniitm| maTThA (chAcha)-takram . masAlA-upaskaraH masUra-masUraH, maGgalpakA mahuA-madhUkaH mAI-maNDam bhAMsa-mAMsam, pizitam mAlapUA-apUpaH mUMgaphalI--maNDapI mUlI--mUlakam, mUlikA mevA-zuSkaphalam maithI-methikA rasagullA-rasagola: rasoI--rasavatI rAI-rAjikA rAyatA-dAdheyam roTI-roTikA, karapaTTikA laDDU-modakaH, modakam lapsI-yavAgUH lassI-dAdhikam lahasuna-lazunam lAjA-lAjAH lauMga-lavaGgam, lavaGgaH laukI--alAbaH zakkara (cInI)-zarkarA zarAba-madirA, surA, madyam zarIphA (chItAphala)-sItAphalam zalagama-zvetakandaH zAka (tarakArI)-zAkaH sataputiyA--saptaputrikA pariziSTa : 3 : pratyayAnta (sanAdyanta) dhAtuyeM ( Derivative Roots ) jaba kisI viNeSa artha, preraNA, icchA Adi kA bodha karAnA abhISTa hotA hai to 'san' Adi 12 pratyaya' dhAtu athavA prAtipadikoM meM jor3e jAte haiN| inake jur3ane para unakI 'dhAtu' saMjJA hotI hai aura taba 'tiG' pratyaya jur3ane para unake rUpa samasta lakAroM meM calate hai / ye dhAtu 'pratyayAnta dhAtuyeM' yA 'sanAyanta dhAtuyeM kahalAtI hai / 'san' Adi pratyaya dhAtu (yA prAtipadika) aura 'ti' pratyayoM ke bIca meM jur3ate haiN| ye dhAtuyeM 5 prakAra kI hotI haiM-(1) Nijanta ( "Nic' pratyayAnta = 'preraNArthaka'), (2) sannanta ( 'san' pratyayAnta = 'icchArthaka'), (3) yaDanta ('yaha' pratyayAnta = 'samabhihArArthaka'), (4) baGlu ganta ( yaha 'yahasta' ke samAna hI hai) aura (5) nAmadhAtu (kyacAdyanta = "vibhinnaarthk')| (1)Nijanta dhAtu (preraNArthaka = Causative) jaba koI kArya kisI dUsare se karAyA jAtA hai to usa artha bAlI dhAtu meM "Nic pratyaya jor3akara preraNArthaka dhAtuyeM banAI jAtI haiM / jaise-saH pacati ( vaha pakAtA hai)-saH tena pAcayati (vaha usase pakavAtA hai)| Nijanta-kriyAoM ke banAne ke nimna niyama haiM-- (ka) mUladhAtu aura pratyaya ke madhya 'Nic' (i- ay + a = aya ) judd'egaa| jaise--gam + aya + ti = gamayati / (kha) dhAtu ke aMtima i, u, R svara ko vRddhi . tathA ayAdi sandhi bhI hogI / jaise- = kArayati / nInAyayati / bhU = bhAvayati / dRSNa-darzayati / (ga) upadhA ke a ko vRddhi aura i, u, R ko guNa hogA / jaisepaLapAThayati / li = lekhayati / bhuja = bhojayati / vRtu vartayati / (pa) parantu gam, ram, krama, nam, zam, dam, jan, tvara, ghaT aura vyath ina dhAtuoM ke upadhA ke 'bha' ko vRddhi nahIM hogii| jaise-gamayati, ramayati, kramayati, namayati, zamayati, damayate, . | sarasoM-sarSapaH 1. san-kyaca-kAmyaca-kyaG-kyaSo'thAcArakviNij-yastathA / yagAyeyaG NiDAceti dvAdazAmI sanAdayaH //

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250] 3 : yanta dhAtuyeM] pariziSTa : 3 : pratyayAnta dhAtuyeM [251 / saMskRta-pravezikA [2 : sannanta dhAtuyeM janayati, tvarayati, ghaTayati, vyathayati / (Ga) AkArAnta dhAtuoM ke anta meM 'aya' se pUrva '' aura jur3a jAtA hai| jaise -dA = dApayati, dhApayati, sthApayati, yApayati snApayati / parantu 'pA' (pInA) se pAyayati aura 'pA' yA 'pAla' (rakSA karanA) se pAlayati / (ca) curAdigaNIya sabhI ghAtuyeM jijanta hI haiN| ataH unameM koI parivartana nahIM hogA / (cha) sabhI Nijanta dhAtuyeM ubhayapadI, sakarmaka aura seTa hotI hai| inake rUpa purAdigaNa kI dhAtuoM ke samAna hote haiM / jaise, budha kartRvAcya meM (laT) bodhayati, boSayate / (laha) abodhayat, abodhayata / (luTu) bodhayiSyati, bodhayiSyate / (loT) bodhayatu, bodhayatAm / (vidhiliG) bodhayet, bodhayeta / karmavAcya meM, kramaza:-bodhyate / avodhyata / bodhiSyate / bodhyatAm / bodhyeta / (ja) kucha viziSTa Nijanta rUpa-ma vApayati / adhi+5% adhyApayati / han = ghAtayati / duH = dUSayati / labhU - lambhayati / as = bhAvayati / mRj = mAyati / vizeSa ke lie dekheM-pariziSTa:1: 'dhAtukoSa' / (2) sannanta dhAtu (icchArthaka = Desiderative)-kisI kArya ko karane kI icchA kA artha batalAne ke lie usa kArya kA varSa batalAne vAlI dhAtu se 'san' (s) pratyaya lagAyA jAtA hai, yadi donoM kriyAoM kA kartA eka hI vyakti ho| jaise--isakI par3hane kI icchA hai = saH pipaThiSati (ptthitumicchti)| kattA ke bhinna-bhinna hone para 'san pratyaya nahIM hogaa| jaise-ziSyAH paThantu iti icchati abhilaSati vA guruH (guru kI icchA hai ki chAtra par3heM; yahA~ pratyaya 'san' na hokara icchAka dhAtu kA prayoga huA hai, kyoMki 'paThana' kriyA aura 'icchA' kramazaH chAtra aura guru meM pRthak-pRthak hai, eka kartA meM nhiiN)| sannanta dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM jJAtavya bAteM-(1) dhAtu ko (halAdi dhAtu ke prathama ekAca ko aura ajaAdi dhAtu ke dvitIya ekAca ko) dvittva hogA / jaise-paTh + sampa + paTh + s - papaTh = papaTh ++ s> + a + ti-pipaThiSati (paThitumicchati - par3hane kI icchA karatA hai)| a>ghasla + san - jighass - jiyats + + ti-jighatsati (attumicchati - khAnA cAhatA hai)| kR + san = cikIrSati (kartuminchati) / (2) abhyAsa ke akAra ko ikAra hogaa| (3) 'seT' dhAtuoM (graha, guhU aura uganta dhAtuyeM chor3akara) meM 'iT' hogA; aniT meM nahIM / (4) sannanta dhAtuyeM anekAn hone se seT hotI haiN| (5) 'zapa: bikaraNa hogA aura 'san' ke 'ArdhadhAtuka hone se guNAdi kArya hoMge / (6) bhvAdi gaNa kI taraha (parasmaipada meM 'paTh' aura Atmanepada meM 'jJA' ke samAna ) rUpa cleNge| jaise-'paTh kartRvAcya meM ] -(laT ) pipaThiSati, pipaThiSate; (laG) apipaThiSata, apipaThiSata; (laT) pipaThiSiSyati, pipaThiSiSyate (loT) pipaThiSatu, pipaThiSatAm; (vidhiliGa) pipaThiSet, pipaThiSeta / / / [ karmavAcya meM ] kramaza:-pipaThiSyate, apipaThiSyata, pipaThiSiSyate, pipaThiSyatAm, pipaThiSyeta / (7) sannanta dhAtuoM meM 'A' jor3ane para icchArthaka saMjJA zabda bana jAte haiN| jaise-pA>pipAsa + A-pipAsA (pIne kI icchA), jijJAsA, zuzrUSA, vivakSA, mumUrSA, cikIrSA aadi| (8) sannanta dhAtu meM 'u' jor3ane para icchArthaka vizeSaNa zabda bana jAte haiM / jaise-pA>pipAs + u = pipAsuH (pIne kA icchuka), jijJAsuH, cikIrSaH / (6) kucha sanmanta rUpa-bhU bhUSati ( hone kI icchA karatA hai), labha>lipsate (pAne kI icchA0), hana>jighAMsati, a> vidhatsati, sthA>tiSThAsati, bhujabubhukSate, curacucora yiSati, jIv> jijIviSati, zI>zizayiSate, budhababhatsate, lililekhipati, adhi+> adhi. jigosate ( adhyayana kI icchA0), vi + ji>vijigISate, dRz>vidRnate, Ap> ipsati, zu>zuzrUSate, bac>vivakSati / (3) yaDansa dhAtu (samabhihArArthaka = Frequentative or Intensive)-kriyA kA samabhihAra ( bAra bAra honA yA adhika honA) prakaTa karane ke lie (kevala halAdi ekAca dhAtu) meM 'yaG' (ya) pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| jaise-punaH punaH pibati atizayena bhUzaM vA pibati = pepIyate (pAra bAra yA adhika bAra pItA hai)| punaH punaH atizayena bhRzaM vA bhavati = bobhUyate ( bAra bAra yA adhika hotA hai) / yaha 'yaG' pratyaya ajAdi aura anekAc dhAtuoM se nahIM hotA hai| jaise-bhRzaM jAgati, bhRzamIkSate Adi / ___ yaGanta dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM jJAtavya bAteM-(1) dhAtu ko dvittva hogaa| jaise-bhU+bhU+ yaG = bhUbhUya bobhUy + a +te-bobhUyate / (2) yahanta dhAtuyeM bhanekA hone se 'seTa' hotI hai| (3) bhvAdi kI taraha 'zapa' vikaraNa aura guNAdi kArya hote haiN| (4) yaGanta dhAtuoM ke 'jina' hone se inake rUpa kevala Atmanepada ke hI hoMge / (5) gatyarthaka ghAtuoM se 'kauTilya' (vana gamana ) artha meM 'yaha' hotA hai| jaise-gamja Ggamyate (kuTilaM gacchati), vra> vAnajyate (kuTilaM vrjti)| (6)inake rUpa sabhI lakAroM meM calate haiM (vaidika saMskRta meM parasmaipada meM tathA laukika saMskRta meM Atmanepada meM ) / jaise-budha (donoM vAcyoM meM eka samAna)(laT ) bovudhyate, ( laG) abobudhyata, (lRT ) bobudhiSyate, (loT ) bobudhyatAm, (vidhiliG) bobudhyeta / (7) kucha yAnta rUpa-nI> nenIyate (bAra-bAra le jAtA hai), ghrA>jedhIyate, daza>darIdRzyate, bahasavapate, ham:jAnyate, vA> devIyate, nutna rInRtyate, zI> zAzayyate, gaijegIyate, 1. jejIyate, vRt>varIvRtyate, rudrozyate, sin >sesivyate, pA--pIyarI, parapApacyate / 1. abhyAsa-uko guNa bhI shetaa|

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252 ] saMskRta pravezikA [4-5 yaGlaganta evaM nAmadhAtuyeM (4) yaluganta dhAtu (samabhihArArthaka)-kriyA samabhihAra meM vihita 'yaG' kA lopa ho jAne para yaGlugamta dhAtu kahalAtI hai| isakA prayoga vaidika saMskRta meM milatA hai aura isake rUpa parasmaipada meM calate haiN| yaGlaganta dhAtuoM kA adAdigaNa meM parigaNana hone se 'zap' vikaraNa kA lopa ho jAtA hai| 'yaha' kA lopa ho jAne para bhI [ pratyaya-lakSaNa niyama se ] dvitvAdi kArya hote haiN| jaisebhU>bobhoti / tim, sipa aura mip meM vaikalpika 'IT' kA Agama hone se 'vogavIti' rUpa bhI banatA hai| (5) nAmadhAta ( Denominative)-saMjJAdi subanta (nAma) meM jaba kyacAdi pratyaya (kya, kAmyac, kAG, kya, vip , Nic aura Niha) jor3akara use dhAtu banAte haiM to use 'nAmadhAtu' kahate haiN| inameM 'za' vikaraNa jur3atA hai tathA inake rUpa bhvAdigaNa kI taraha calate haiM / inakA prayoga prAyaH vartamAnakAla meM hotA hai| nAmadhAtuoM kA prayoga kaI prakAra ke arthoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie hotA hai / jaise (1) icchArtha-AtmanaH putramicchati = putrIyati (putra + kyaca >ya ) putra kAmyati (putra + kAmyac ) vA (apanA putra cAhatA hai) / tamanaH gaGgAm icchati gaGgIyati (gaGgA + kyac; apane lie gaGgA kI icchA karatA hai)| nadIyati (nadI+kyac ) / vadhUyati (vadhU + kym)| rAjIvati (rAjan + kyac ) viSNUyatti (viSNu + kyac ) / gavya ti ( go + kyac ) / mAvyatti (nau + ky)| (2) AcArArtha-(ka) upamAnakarma (jisake samAna samajhA jAye) chAtraM putramivAcarati = putrIyati chAtraM guruH (putra + kyac guru chAtra ke sAtha putrake samAna AcaraNa karatA hai)| viSNu mivAcarati dvijam = viSNayati dvijam (brAhmaNa ke sAtha viSNu ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai)| kRSNa iva Acarati = kRSNati (kRSNa+vivapsarvApahAra lopa; kRSNa ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai)| idamivAcarati=idAmati (idam + vivaa)| rAjeva bhAvarati = rAjAnati ( rAjanU + kvip)| panthA iva Acarati % pathInati (pathin + vivapu, mArga ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai)| sva ivAcarati = svati (sva+viyapa, AtmIya ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai)| baghUyati (vadhU + kyac ) / karvIyati ( kartR + kyac ): kRSNa ivAcarati kRSNAyate (kRSNa + kyaG, kRSNa kA sA AcaraNa karatA hai)| apsarA ivAcarati = apsarAyate (apsraa+kyaa)| vidvAn 'ivAcarati-vidvAyate yA vidvasyate (vidvs+ky)| kumArIva Acarati kumArAyate (kumArI + kyaG; yahA~ strI pratyaya 'I' kA lopa ho gayA hai ) / pAcikeva Acarati = pAcikAyate (pAcikA + kyaG, yahA~ strI pratyaya kA lopa nahIM huA 1. kavAcaka upamAna meM masarA pratyArAnA meM skAlaroya ro| ko kyaDa salopazca / 37. 3.1.63 5 : nAmadhAtuyeM] pariziSTa : 3 : pratyayAnta dhAtuyeM [253 kyoMki isameM 'ka' pratyaya jur3A hai ) / yuvatIvAcarati-yuvAyate (yuvatI + kyng)| sapatnIva Acarati sapanAyate ( sapatnI + kyng)| (kha) upamAna adhikaraNaprAsAdIyati kuTyA bhikSuH (prAsAda + kyac bhikhArI kuTI ko mahala samajhatA hai)| kuTIyati prAsAde rAjA (kuTI + kyac rAjA mahala ko kuTI samajhatA hai)| (3)karotyartha-zabdaM karoti = zabdAyate (zabda + kyaGa zabda karatA hai)| paira karoti = vairAyate (vara + kyaG vaira karatA hai)| kalahaM karoti = kalahAyate (kalaha + paha) / abhaM karoti anAyate (adhra + kyaG) megha karoti = meghAyate ( meSa + kyacha ) / ghaTaM karoti = dhaTayati ( ghaT + Nic ghar3A banAtA hai ) / (4) utsAhArtha-kaSTAya (pApAya) kramate = kaSTAyate ( kaSTa + kyaG, pApa karane ko taiyAra hotA hai)| (5) udvamanArtha-phenam udvamati = phenAyate (phena + kyaG phena ugalatA hai)| bASpamumati = vASpAyate ( vASpa + kyaG) / USmANamudramati % USmAyate (USmA + kyaa)| (6) vedanAtha (anubhavArtha)-sukhaM vedayate = sukhAyate (sukha + kyA svayaM sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| 'parasya sukhaM vedayate' aisA prayoga nahIM hogaa)| (7) bhavatyartha-lohitaM bhavatIti = lohitAyate (lohita + kyaS; lAla ho / jAtA hai ) / paTapaTAyate ( paTapaTa + kyac ) / (8) vartana evaM caraNArtha-romanthaM vartayati = romanthAyate ( romantha + kyaG, romanya = jugAlI karatA hai)| tapazcaratIti = tapasyati (tap + kya; tapasyA karatA hai)| (6) anya pratyayoM ke prayoga-muNDaM karotIti = muNDayati ( muNDa + Nic; mUMDatA hai) / kRSNati (kRSNa + kvi, kRSNa ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai) putramAtmA namicchati -putrakAmyati (putra + kaamyc)| yazaskAmyati / sapiSkAmyati / pari. pugchayate (pari + pucha + nni)| (10) 'kyaca' pratyaya ke viSaya meM jJAtavya bAteM-(1) yaha icchA aura AcAra artha meM hotA hai / (2) rUpa parasmaipada meM calate haiN| (3) kyac (ya) jur3ane para-(ka) usase pUrvavartI saMjJA kA aMtima svara parivartita ho jAtA, (. A, i> ii| u, U> / R>rI / o>aba / au>aay)|(-) ja, Na tathA n kA lopa ho jAtA hai|

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karma-bhAvavAcya, Atmanepada ] pariziSTa : 5: bA0pa0 vidhAna [255 254] saMskRta-pravezikA [karma-bhAvavAcya kriyAyeM (11) 'kya' pratyaya ke viSaya meM jJAtavya bAteM-(1) yaha AcAra, karoti, utsAha, udamana, vedanA Adi arthoM meM hotA hai / (2)rUpa Atmanepada meM calate haiN| (3) 'kya' (ya) jur3ane para-(ka) pUrvavartI antima svara (subanta kA 'a') dIrgha ho jAtA hai / (kha) zabda ke bantima 's' kA vikalpa se lopa (ojas aura apsaras meM nitya ) hotA hai| (ga) strI pratyaya haTA diyA jAtA hai (strI pratyayAnta zabda yadi 'ka' meM anta ho to nhiiN)| (1) paTh ( karmavAcya ) pra. pu. ke rUpaHlaT loTa vidhilie luT ekavacana--paThyate paThyatAm apaThayata paThagheta paThiSyate dvivacana--paThyete paThayetAm apaThyetAm paThaceyAtAm paThiSyate bahuvacana-paThacante paThacantAm apaThayanta paThagheran paThiSyante A0 li liT luk luT luGa e00-paThiSISTa peThe apAThipaThitA apaThiSyata dvi0va0--paThiSIyAstAm peThAte apAThiSAtAm paThitArI apaThiSyetAm va0va0-paThiSIran peThire apAThiSata paThitAraH apaThiSyanta (2)sthA (bhAvavAcya ) pra. pu. ke rUpalaT loTa vidhilis tRT e0va0-sthIyate sthIyatAm asthIyAta sthIyeta sthAsyate dvi0 va0-sthIyete sthIyetAm asthIyetAm sthIyeyAsAm sthAsyete ba0va0-sthIyante sthIyantAm asthIyanta sthIyeran sthAsyante noTa-zeSa lakAroM meM kramazaH-sthAsISTa, tasye, asthAyi, sthAtA, asthAsyata / pariziSTa : 4: karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya kI kriyAyeM karmatrAcya aura bhAvavAcya kI kriyAyeM banAne ke niyama--(1) ye kevala AtmanepadI hotI haiM tathA inameM gaNacihna nahIM jur3ate haiN| (2) sArvadhAtuka lakAroM (laT , loT, laG aura vidhiliG) meM dhAna aura pratyaya ke bIca meM 'yA' (ya) jor3A jAtA hai| zeSa lakAroM ke rUpa kartRvAcya ke samAna hote haiM, parantu ve Atmanepada ke pratyayoM vAle hote haiM, cAhe dhAtu kisI bhI pada kI kyoM na ho| (3) dhAtu prAyaH apane mUla rUpa meM rahatI hai| dhAtvAdeza (jaise--gam ko gaccha) bhI nahIM hote haiN| jaise-gam +ya+te = gamyate (jAyA jAtA hai); bhU + ya+te : bhUyate (hA jAtA hai)| (4) ikArAnta aura ukArAnta dhAtuoM ke svara ko . dIrtha ho jAtA hai| jaise-ci>ciiyte| stu>stUyate; zrubhUyate; ji>jIyate / (5) RkArAnta dhAtuoM ke 'R' ko 'ri' ho jAtA hai| jaise-kR>kriyate ha> hriyate (apvaad-smR>smyte)| (6) RkArAnta ghAtuoM ke 'ka' ko 'I' (pavarga prArambha meM ho to 'Ur') ho jAtA hai / jaise-tu>tIryate; ja> jIryate; pR> pUryate / (7) dhAtu ke madhya meM Ane vAle 'n' kA prAyaH lopa ho jAtA hai| jaise-manth < mathyate; bandha > badhyate; indha >idhyate; zaMs>zasyate; (apavAda-cinna> cintyate; nind>nindyate; vandva ndyte)| (8) 'bac' Adi dhAtuoM ko samprasAraNa ho jAtA hai| jaise-ba>udyate; vac>ucyate; yaj ijyte)| (9) aikArAnta gai tathA AkArAnta (dA, dhA, mA, sthA, gA, pA, hA) dhAtuoM ke antima svara ko '6' ho jAtA hai| jaise-->mIyate; dA> dIyate; mA>mIyate; dhA>dhIyate; gA>gIyate; hA>hIyateH sthAsthIyate ( anyatra-jJA>jJAyate; trAyate; snA> snAyate; dhyadhyAyate / (10) kucha dhAtuoM ke karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya ke rUpa (vizeSa ke lie dekheM, pariziSTa : 1:dhAtukopa) pariziSTa : 5: Atmanepada aura parasmaipada vidhAna (ka) Atmanepada : nimna paristhitiyoM meM dhAtu AtmanepadI ho jAtI hai (1) bhAvavAcya aura karmavAcya meM-bhUyate, gamyate / (2) ni + viz dhAtu se-nivizate / (3) pari, vi, ava +kI dhAtu se-parikrINIte / (4) vi, parA + ji dhAtu se--vijayate, parAjayate / (5) sam, aba, pra, vi + sthA dhAtu sesantiSThate, pratiSThate / (6) ud + sthA (yadi uThanA artha na ho) dhAtu se-jJAnAya uttiSThate / (7) ud + car (sakarmaka) dhAtu se-dharmamuccarate / (8) tRtIyAnta se yukta sam + car dhAtu se-rathena snycrte| () bhojana yA bhoganA artha meM bhuj dhAtu se-odanaM bhuGkte, duHkhazatAni bhuGkte ( anyatra-mahIM bhunkti)| (10) Git dhAtuoM se-zete / (11) anu, pari, A + krID dhAtu se anukrIDate / (12) jJA (chipAne yA akarmaka artha meM) dhAtu se-zatamapajAnIte, sapiSo jAnIte / (13) ud, vi+tap (akarmaka yA svAGgakarmaka) dhAtu se--sUryaH

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prakRti pratyaya ] pariziSTa :: prakRti-pratyaya0 [ 257 256 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [parasmaipada, mUrddhanyIkaraNa uttapate, bhagnI pANimuttapate / (14) AG +he (spardhA ho to) dhAtu se--malla malla mAhvayate ( anyatra--pitA putramAhvayati ) / (kha) parasmaipada : nimna paristhitiyoM meM dhAtu parasmaipadI hotI hai (1) anu, parA + kR dhAtu se--anukaroti / (2) abhi, prati, ati + kSip.. dhAtu se--pratikSipati (anytr-aakssipte)| (3)+vaha dhAtu se-pravahati / (4) pari+mUSa dhAtu se parimRSyati / (5) vi. AG, pari, upa + ram dhAtu se-biramati, uparamati ( upa + ram dhAtu se akarmaka hone para---uparamati upa ramate vaa)| pariziSTa : 6: mRrddhanyIkaraNa (Cerebralization ) (1) Natva-vidhAna' (na >")-- (ka) ra , R, R se pare n ko Na hotA hai| jaise--caturNAm, pitRNAm, puSNAti, nRNAm / (kha) yadi aT (svara, ha, ya, va, ra), kavarga, pavarga, AGa, aura num (na, anusvAra) kA bIca meM (eka yA adhika kA) vyavadhAna ho to bhI na koNa ho jAtA hai| jaise-rAmeNa, harINAm, mRgeNa, darpaNa, mUrSaNa, karANAm / (ga) NatyavidhAna ke kucha anya udAharaNa --zUrpaNakhA, vaNI, praNadati, pramINAti, prabhavANi, praNigadati / noTa-nimna sthaloM meM Natva nahIM hogA-- (1) padAnta na meM / jaise--rAmAn, harIn, gurun / (2) aTa Adi se bhinna voM kA vyavadhAna hone pr| jaise--arthena, rasena, arcanA, dRDhAnAm, kRSNAnAm / (3) bhinna-bhinna padoM ke hone pr| jaise-rAmanarezaH / (4) kSumnAdi gaNa ke zabdoM meM / jaise-nriintyte|| (2) patva-vidhAna (s>)--- (ka) Adeza athavA pratyaya-sambandhI apadAnta 'sa' ko 'Sa' hotA hai yadi usake pahale 'iN' (a, mA se bhinna svara, ha ya va ra la ) yA kavarga ho| jaise-hariSa, ...rapAbhyAM no NaH samAnapade / akupvAnumvyavAye'pi / padAntasya / RvarNAnnasya NatvaM vAcyam / 2. iNkoH / AdezapratyayayoH / numuvisarjanIyazaryavAye'pi / caturSu, deveSu, bhrAtRSu, dikSu, vAkSu / (kha) iN aura kavage ke bAda num (n, anusvAra), visarga aura zara ( z s ) kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI Satva ho jAyegA / jaise---dhanaMSi, AzI:pa, cakSu., pipaThISu / (ga) iNa aura kavarga ke bAda meM 'zAs' (zAsana karanA), 'vas' (rahanA ) aura 'ghasa' (khAnA) dhAtuoM ke avayavarUpa 's' ko '' ho jAtA hai| jaise -ziSyaH, uSitaH, jakSatuH / (8) 'saha' dhAtu ke 'sAha' ke 's' ko 'e' hogaa| jaise turApAT / anyatra---rAsAhI, turAsAhaH / noTa--(1) padAnta 's' ko m' nahIM hogaa| jaise-haristatra / (2) 'sAt' pratyaya ke 's ko patra nahIM hogA / jaise-nadIsAt / vAyusAt / pariziSTa : 7: prakRti-pranyaya, saMjJAyeM aura anubandha (ka) prakRti-pratyaya : vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se zabda ke prakRti aura pratyaya kA vicAra atyAvazyaka hotA hai| ataH parIkSAoM meM prakRti-pratyaya pUchA jAtA hai| donoM zabdoM kA artha nimna hai (1) prakRti-mUla dhAtu yA zabda (prAtipadika ) jisameM pratyaya lagAe jAte haiN| jaise-bhavati >bhU (prakRti ) + ti (pratyaya) (2) pratyaya-prakRti (dhAtu aura prAtipadika ) meM jor3e jAne vAle zabdAMza vizeSa ko pratyaya kahate haiN| 'bahu' aura 'aka'ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI pratyaya prakRti ke bAda jor3e jAte haiN| pratyaya pA~ca prakAra ke haiM(1) vibhakti-pratyaya (sup aura tiG pratyapa), (2) kRt-pratyaya, (3) taddhita-pratyaya, (4) strI-pratyaya aura (5) sanAvi-pratyaya / (1) vibhakti-pratyaya-prAtipadika ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle 'supa' pratyayoM ko tathA dhAtu ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle 'tiG pratyayoM ko vibhakti-pratyaya kahate haiN|' 1. vibhASA supo bahuca purastAttu / a0 5 / 3 / 68 / 'yaSA-ISad UnaH paTuH bahupaTuH / yahA~ 'paTu' meM 'bahupa' pratyaya pUrva meM huA hai| 2. avyaya sarvanAmnAmakac prAk tte| j05|3|71 / yathA--ajJAtayoH 'yuSayoH' yuvakayoH / yahA~ yuSmada yuv+k+og|| 3. vibhaktizca / a. 1498 / 17

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saMskRta-pravezikA [ saMjJAyeM sNjnyaayeN| pariziSTa : 7 : prakRti-pratyaya [251 jaise-nara+su-saraH, as + tip-asti / (2) kRt pratyaya-dhAtvartha se kucha vizeSa artha prakaTa karane ke lie dhAtu ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle vibhkti| tiG) se itara tabyat, anIyara, Nvula, tRc Adi pratthaya vizeSoM ko kRt-pratyaya kahate haiN| jaise ---kR+tavyat = kartavyam / (3) taddhita-pratyaya'--prAtipadikArya se kucha vizeSa artha prakaTa karane ke lie prAtipadika ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle vibhakti (sup ) pralpayoM se itara ag, matum Adi pratyaya vizeSoM ko taddhita-pratyaya kahate haiN| jaise-vasudeva + aNvAsudevaH / (4) strI-pratyaya'-puMliGga zabdoM se strIliGga pAda banAne ke lie puMlliGga zabdoM ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle TApa, DIpa Adi pratyaya vizegoM ko strI-pratyaya kahate haiN| jaise-aja + ttaapanaa| (5) sanAdi-pratyaya -dhAtu ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle 'san' Adi tathA prAtipadika ke bAda meM jur3ane vAle 'kyaca' Adi pratyayavizeSoM ko sanAdi pratyaya yA dhAtvavayava (dhAtu+avayava ) kahate haiN| ye pratyaya saMkhyA meM 12 haiM / ye jisameM jur3e hote haiM unakI dhAtu saMjJA hotI hai aura taba una ke rUpa sabhI lakAroM meM calate haiM / aisI dhAtuoM ko senAdyanta dhAtu yA pratyayAnta dhAtu kahate haiN| jaise-gam + san + tim-jigamiSati; putra+kyac +ti-sutrIyati / kAraka), taddhitapratyayAnta ( dazaratha + i =dAzarathi ) tavA samAsa (rAjapuruSa ) kI bhI prAtipadika saMjJA hotI hai| prAtipadika saMjJA hone para 'supa' vibhaktiyA~ jur3atI haiM / rUpI-pratyaya aura taddhita-pratyaya bhI prAtipadika meM hI jur3ate haiN| (3) pada-jina zabdoM ke anta meM 'supa' pratyaya (su se mupta ka 21 pratyaya) athavA 'ti' pratyaya (lip se mahii taka 18 pratyaya ) jur3e hoM unheM pada kahate haiN| prAtipadikoM meM supu tathA dhAtuoM meM tiG pratyaya jur3ate haiN| pada banane para hI unakA vAkyoM meM prayoga hotA hai|' (4) avyaya-jinake rUpoM meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA arthAt jo sadA sabhI prakAra ke prayogoM meM eka samAna rahate haiM ve avyaya kahalAte haiN| jaise-yathA, kRtvA Adi / (kha) saMjJAyeM: AcArya pANini ne aSTAdhyAyI meM vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyamoM ko samajhAne ke lie tathA kisI vizeSa artha ko prakaTa karane ke lie kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ( Technical terms) kA prayoga kiyA hai jinheM unhoMne 'saMzA' zabda se kahA hai| kucha pramukha saMjJAoM kA sAmAnya paricaya nimna hai (1) dhAt -kriyA vAcaka bhU, gam, ityAdi ko dhAtu kahate haiM / ' dhAtu saMjJA hone para 'ti' aura 'kRt' pratyaya hote haiN| (5) upasarga-kriyA ke yoga meM pra, parA Adi upasarga kahalAte haiN|" ye kriyApada ke prArambha meM jor3e jAte haiN| jaba ye kriyApada ke sAtha saMyukta hote haiM tabhI upasarga kahalAte haiN| isake kriyA pada ke sAtha jur3ane para dhAtvartha yA to badala jAtA hai yA usameM kucha vaiziSTaya A jAtA hai| jaise-pr+hprhaarH| maa+h-aahaarH| (6) savarNa-jina varNoM kA uccAraNa sthAna aura Abhyantara prayatna samAna hotA hai ve paraspara savarNa kahalAte haiN| jaise-k kh g gh paraspara savarNa haiM kyoMki inakA uccAraNa sthAna kaNTha tathA Abhyantara prayatna sparza hai| vargIya varNa mApasa meM savarNa hote haiN| aura la kI bhI paraspara savarNa saMjJA hotI hai| (7) upadhA-antima varNa se ThIka pUrvavartI varNa ko upadhA kahate haiN| jaise - 'gam' g +a+ma) ke antima varNam se ThIka pUrvavartI varNa 'a' varNa / (2) prAtipadika-dhAtu (bha. paTh Adi) pratyaya (ktvA Adi), tamA pratyapAnta (hariSu. karoSi Adi ) ko chor3akara sArthaka zabda samudAya (saMjA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa Adi) ko prAtipadika kahate haiN| kut pratyayAnta (+ bula 1. dekheM pR032| 2. dekheM pR047| 3. dekheM pR0 58 / 4. dekheM pR0 249 / 5. bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH / a013|| 6. arthavazvAnurapratyayaH prAtipAdikam / a0 1945 | dekheM pR. 65 / / 1. kRttaddhitatamAsAzca / a0 1 / 2 / 46 / 2. suptiGantaM padam / a0 1 / 4 / 14 / . apaI na prayujIta / 4. avyayIbhAvazca / a0 111140, dekheM pR062| 5. dekheM, pR062| 6. tulyAsyaprayatna savarNam / a0 11 / 9, dekheM pR014 / 7. RlavarNapomithaH sAvaNyaM vAcyam / vaa.(a0119)| 8. ano'zAt pUrva upadhA / a0 11164 //

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260 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ anubandha (4) guNa--a ( a ) aura e o ( eG) kI guNa saMjJA hotI hai|' guNa in ( i u R da) ke sthAna meM hI hote haiM arthAt i0 e, u>o, >a, (9) bRddhi-A (Ava) aura ai au ( aica ) kI vRddhi saMjJA hotI hai|' vRddhi haka (i. Rra) ke sthAna meM hI hotI hai| arthAt ai, u>o, R>A, h>aa| (10) samprasAraNa-yaNa (m v ra l) ke sthAna meM kramazaH ik (i u Rkha) honA samprasAraNa kahalAtA hai| yaha 'iko yaNaci' sUtra ke viparIta kArya karatA hai / jaise-vac + ktvaa-upsthaa| (11) Ti-acoM (svaroM) ke madhya meM jo antya ac vaha hai Adya avayava jisa samudAya kA use Ti saMjJA hotI hai| arthAt kisI zabda ke antima aca ko paravartI vyajana ke sAtha ( yadi ho to) Ti kahate haiN| jaise-'manas' meM antima ac hai 'a' jo Adi avayava hai 'as' isa samudAya kA / ataH 'as' kI Ti saMjJA hogii| (ga) anubandha ('ida' saMjJaka varNa): pANini vyAkaraNa meM kaI it saMjJaka vargoM kA prayoga milatA hai| ina 'ida' saMjJaka vargoM ko anubandha kahate haiN| saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se anabhijJa pAThaka socate haiM ki jaba kisI varNa- kA lopa (i saMjJA) karanA hI hai to usakA mAveza yA Agama kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? vAstava meM unakA apanA prayojana hai| yadi aisA nahIM kareMge to guNa, vRddhi Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| udAharaNArtha pratyayoM ke saMdarbha meM kucha anubandhoM kA prabhAva nimna hai(a) tiGanta aura kRdanta meM (1) aco Niti (a7-2-115)-ajanta zabda ke antima ac ko vRddhi hotI hai yadi bAda meM bit yA Nit pratyaya ho| jaise-bhU+ paJ-bhAvaH, +NvulakArakaH / kumbha + + ann=kumbhkaarH| (2) ata upadhAyAH (a07-2-116)-upadhA ke akAra ko vRddhi (A) hotI hai yadi bAda meM jit yA Nit pratyaya ho| jaise-yaja+payAgaH, sty+v+nnini-styvaadii| 1. adeG guNaH / a0 112 ! 2. vRddhirAdain / 101 / 11 / 3. igyaNaH samprasAraNam / a0 114 4. meSo'ntyAdi Ti / 101 / 1 / 63 / anubandha ] pariziSTa : 7 prakRti-pratyaya [261 (3) sArvadhAtukArdhadhAtukayoH (a07-3-84)-sArvadhAtuka' tathA pArSadhAtuka' pratyaya pare rahate ansya ik ko guNa hotA hai| jaise-ji+sap +ti-jayati ( sArvadhAtuka); kR+tavyat karttavyam / ( ArdhadhAtuka ) / (4) pugantalaghUpadhasya ca (a07-3-46)-puganta ( puk Agama jisake anta meM ho) aura laghUpadha (jisakI upadhA laghu ho) ke mana ke ik ko guNa hotA hai sArvadhAtuka aura ArdhadhAtuka pratyaya pare rhte| jaise-hi+puk+Ni+ tilepayati, likh+ghaJ-lekhaH / ye guNa aura vRddhi ikke sthAna meM hI hote hai(iko guNavRddhI / a01-1-3)| noTa-kkiGati ca (ma01-1-5) git, kit aura chita pratyayoM ke pare rahate ( sArvadhAtuka aura ArdhadhAtuka pare rahane para bhI) ika ko guNa aura vRddhi kArya nahIM hote| ji+snu jiSNu, ji+ktvA-jitvA, jAgR + tas ( apita hone se * tasa ko Dintavat mAnA jAtA hai-sArvadhAtukamapit / a.1-2-4)jaagRtH| (a) taddhita meM: (1)taddhiteSvacAmAdeH-(a07-2-117)-jita yA Nit taddhita-pratyaya pare rahate zabda ke prathama svara (ac ) ko vRddhi hotI hai| jaise-dazaratha+i= dAzarathiH, azvapati + aNprAzvapatam / (2) kiti ca (a07-2-110)-"kit' taddhita pratyaya pare rahate zabda ke prathama svara ko vRddhi ho / jaise-kunti + Thak kaunteyaH, gaGgA+uk gAGgaM yaH / 1. sArvadhAtuka tathA ArdhadhAtuka-tiG ziva sArvadhAtukam / ArdhadhAtukaM zeSaH / (a0 3 / 4 / 113-114) dhAtu se vihita ti| tipAdi 18 pratyaya) tapA zida (zakAra iva * saMjJaka ho) pratyayoM kI sArvadhAtuka saMjJA hotI hai| tika aura ziva ko chor3akara zeSa dhAtu se vihita tRc, tumun Adi pratyayoM kI ArdhadhAtuka saMjJA hotI hai| liT tathA AziSi liGga meM tipAdi kI bhI ArdhadhAtuka saMjJA hotI hai| (liT ca / liGAziSi / a03|4|115-119)| luTu, khaT, lucha aura laG lakAra meM dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca kramazaH tAga, sya, sin aura spa' vikaraNa Ane se inheM bhI ArdhadhAtuka mAnA jaataa| zeSa 4 lakAra (laT, loT, lA, vidhiliGa) zuddha sArvadhAtukAmAta lakAroM meM hI gaNa sambandhI samAdi vikaraNa jur3ate haiM, mAmAnusa / 2. vhii|

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hindI meM anuvAda ] pariziSTa : 8: abhyAsa-saMgraha [263 262] saMkula-pravezikA [ hindI meM anuvAda pariziSTa : 8 : anuvAdArtha abhyAsa-saMgraha (ka ) hindI meM anuvAda kIjiye-- (1) uttamaH chAtraH sarveSu chAtreSu prathamaH bhavati / prakRtyA sAdhu-svabhAvaH saH netrAbhyAM hInAn, dhotreNa badhirAna, pAdena khAna vA bAlakAn dRSTvA na hasati nAkSipati ca / saH garvaNa yukto na bhavati / sadA tasya zAstreSu vyasanam, yazati ca abhiruciH bhavati / ghanena hIno'pi saH pareSAM dhanAya vastubhyo vA na spRhapati / RNagrahaNaM tasmai na rocate / ataeva saH kasmaicit kimapi na dhArayati / mitrebhyaH saH kadApi na kuSpati, naiva druhyati, nApi ISyati, asUyati vA / saH kazcana bAlaka tRNAya na manyate / saH AturebhyaH dAnaM dadAti / 'drohaH kaSTAya kalpate, paropakAraH puNyAya' iti saH samyag vijAnAti / eSAM guNAnAM hetoH guravaH tasmin snihyanti / (2) sase kRSNavallabha ! pazyasi idam AzramasthAnam / iyaM ramaNIyA tarupaGktirullasati / manoramA latA tujherAveSTitA vilasanti / etAni kusumAni prasphuTitAni, yeSu madhulolupA madhukarA gujanti / agratastAbad avalokayAvaH / ete paribhramanti brahmacAriNaH, nAharanti caite kuzAna puSpANi samidhAzca / ete hi pariparanti AcAryAn / mAcaranti sadAcArAn, na tU svecchAcArAn / tyajanti avinayaM, na tu vinayam / pariharanti hiMsA, na tu dayAt / vadanti satvaM na tu. anutam / ete kecid brahmacAriNo vedAn paThanti, ke cicca anyAni zAstrANi / (3) kazcit zRgAlaH svecchayA nagarasya samIpe bhrAmyan kasyacid rajakasya gRhaM prAvizat / tatra sa nIlIbhANDe apatat, yena tasya varNo nIyo'bhavat / tato vanaM gatvA zRgAlAn AhUya tenoktam --ahaM bhagavatyA vanadevatayA svahastena baraNyasva rAjye abhiSiktaH / asmin araNye mama AzayA vyavahAraH kaaryH| zUgolA: taM viziSTavarNam avalokya praNamya avadat-yathA bhAjJApayati deva ! evaM krameNa sarveSu pazuSa tasya svAmitvam abhavat / tataH vyAghrasiMhAdIn uttamAna sevakAna prApya nIlavarNaH svajAtIn anAdatavAn / atha ekadA sandhyA-samaye sarve zRgAlA: sahaiva zabdam akurvan / tatastaM zabdaM zrutvA jAteH svabhAvAt nIlavarNo'pi zabdam akarot / itthaM taM zRgAlaM parijJAya vyAghrastaM hatavAn / satyameyoktam yaH svabhAvo hi yasyAsti saM nityaM duratikramaH / zvA yadi kriyate rAjA sa ki nAvanAtyupAnahama / / (4) Azrame'smin vidyArthinAM pittavRttiH sAMsArikacintAbhyaH parAGmukhI satI kevalaM brahmaparA vartate / bahmacAriNaH na kevalaM zarIreNa manasApi svasthAH dRshynte| teSAm adhyayananiSThA anupmaa| svalpena kAlena vedavidyAdibhiH saha zilpAdInAM zikSAgrahaNaM sukara bhavati teSAm / sarve jyeSThavidyAbino'varANA sAhAyya kurvanti / kulapatiH nityameva vidyArthinAM dazasahasreSu pratyekam anucintayati / 'kIdazena samayena kasyacid vidyArthinaH samudayo bhaviSyati, kasya vA vidyAthino'pAyamUvI pravRttiH kayaM niroddhavyA' iti sa marvezaM caritrasya vikAsArtham upAyaM karoti / (5) tadAkaNya kopajvAlAjvalita iva yogI avadat-"vikramarAjye'pi karamepa durAcArANAm upadravaH ?" tataH movadat -''mahAtman ! kva adhunA vikrama rAjyam ? vIravikramasya tu bhAratabhuvaM virahavya pAtasya varSANAM saptadazazattakAni AtItAni / kva adhunA mandire mandire jayajayadhvaniH ? kva samprati tIrthe tIrthe ghaNTAnAdaH? kA adyApi maThe maThe vedaghoSaH? adya hi vedAH vicchidya vIthISa vikSipyante / purANAni piSTvA pAnIyeSu pAtyante / kvacinmadirANi bhidyante / kvacid dArA: apahiyante / kvacid dhanAni laNDyante / kvacida ArtanAdAH / kvacid rudhiradhArAH / kvacid agnidAhaH / ityeva zrUyate avalokyate ca paritaH / " (6) bho mune ! na yuktam anuSThitaM bhavatA yadahaM pASANena tADitaH / ki tvam dharmAta na bibheSi / 'tatsamarpaya mAm enAM mUSikAm, no ceda prabhUtaM pApam avApsyasi' iti bruvANaM zyenaM provAca saH zAlaM kAyano nAma tapodhanaH / bho vihaMgAdhama ! pakSaNIyAH prANinAM prANAH / daNDanIyAH dussttaaH| sammAnanIyAH guravaH / tat kim asaMbaddhaM prajalpasi / zyena Aha-mune ! na tvaM sUkSmadharma verisa / yathA bhavatAm anaM tathA asmAkaM mUSikAdayI vihitAH vidhinaa| tat svAhArakAMkSiNaM mAM ki dUSayasi / etat zrutvA muniH viharaya mAha-bho mUrkha vihaMgama ! kRtayuge dharmaH saH AsIt / eSaH punaH kaliyugaH / atra sarvo'pi pApAtmA / taskarma kRtaM vinA pApaM na lagati / . tat ki vRthA pralapitena / gaccha tvam / / (7) paramadhunA'pi-"haM vA pAtayeyaM kArya vA sAdhayeyam / " iti kRtapratizo'sau zivabIracaraH na nijkaaryaanivrtte| yasyAdhyakSaH svayaM parizramI, kathaM saH na syAt svayaM parizramI ? yasya prabhuH svayaM sAhasI, kathaM sa na bhavet svayaM sAhasI ? yasya svAmI svayam Apadona gaNavati, kathaM sa gaNaveda ApadH ? yasya ca mahArAjaH svasaGkalitaM nizcayena sAdhayati, kathaM sa na sAdhayet svasaGkalpitam ? astyeSa mahArAja-zivavIrasya dayApAtraM caraH, sat katham eSa jhamjhAvibhISikAbhiH vibhISitaH prabhukArya vigaNayet ? itazca carasya etasya dRDhapratizatA nirbhIkatA sotsAhatAM svAmikAryasAdhana-satyasaGkalpatA ca parIkSyeva prazAmtA vRSTiH / . 18) ekadA dakSiNAraNye eko vRddhavyAghraH snAtaH sarastIre buute| go bho| pAnyAH ! idaM suvarNa kaLUNaM gRhyatAm / tato lobhAkaSTena mega bhilAgmena bAbA

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+64] naMskRta-pravezikA [hindI meM anuvAda hindI meM anuvAda ] pariziSTa : 8 : abhyAsa-saMgraha [265 citam / bhAgyenaitatsambhavati jitvasminnAtmasandehe pravRttina vidheyA athavA marvatrAjine pravRttiH sasandeheva / prakAdA bruute| kutra tava kaMkaNam ? vyAghro hastaM prasArya darzayati / tato yAvadasau tadvacaH pratIto lomAtsarastIre snAtuM pravizati tAvAmahApara nimagnaH palAyitumakSamaH / taM paGkapatitaM dRSTvA tena tyApreNa zanaiH zanairupagamya sa vyApAditaH / (9) virAya dillIvalAlAmya chAyAm adhyuSito'smi / paraM vayaM kavayaH kasyApi rAjasvaM vA vIratvaM vA ADhapatvaM vA na apekSAmahe / na vA kasyApi sAbhimAnabhrUbhaGga sahAmahe / na tasya tAdRzaM bhUvalaye rAjyaM yAdRzam asmAkaM saarsvtsRssttau| tasya krItavAsA api na tadIhAsamakAlameva baddhakarasampuTAH yathocitAvasthAnAH purato'vatiSThante yA asmAkaM padAni, vAkyAni, chandAMsi, alaMkArarItayaH, guNAH rasAzca / asmadvIrarasakavitAm Akalayya mriyamANo'pi yuddhe uttiSThet / asmat-zRGgA rarasa-ramAyanam AsvAdya jitarAgadveSo munirapyAkulIbhavet / vayaM vidyAzUnyAn svapne'pi na samupAsmahe / (10) apa ekadA rajanyA zrIzivavIro guptaveSeNa paritaH paryaTana bhavi vilaNDantaM kaJcana azvam adrAkSIt / kaspAyaM kuto'yamiti manasi vicinvan samIpamAgatya kamapi zUdvayuvakam avAlokayat / 'kuta AgatA yUyam' iti zivavIra: pAnaramAkSIt / sa tu svakAryasaMlagno anyamanaska evaM udatarat 'samAyAtaH ko'pi, Alapitumicchasi ced ghaTi hAyugalam ativAdya samAyAsyasi tadA tvayA saha vArtAbhiradhvaparizramam alpayiSyAmi " tadAkavaM anta:vihasanjiva zivavIraH punarapRcchat -'tathA kariSyAvaH kintu kaSaya tAvat kuta AgatA yUyam / sa tu ghoTake dattadRSTireva sakopam avadat-kuta AgatA yUvam kuta AgatA yUyam iti kuta:kAraiH sphoTitI me knnoN| vayaM dillIna AnatA dillIto dillIto dillItaH / kathaya gajaM dadAsi ghoTakaM vA iti / (11) kasmizvidadhiSThAne catvAro brAhmaNaputrAH mitrabhAvamupagatA vasanti sma / teSAM trayaH zAstrapAraGgatAH parantu buddhirahitAH / ekastu buddhimAn ke varla zAstraparAGmukhaH / atha taiH ekadA mRtasiMhasyAsthIni dRSTAni / tatazca kena abhihitam -'varya vidyAprabhAveNa asthiSayaM jIvasahitaM kurmaH / yAvata te mRtasiMhe jIvatvaM saJcArayanti tAvat subuddhinA niSiddhAH / gyenaM sajIvaM kariSyasi tadA sarvAn api vyApAdayiSyati / iti tena abhihitAH te avadan-dhiG mUrkha ! na vayaM vidyAyA viphalatAM kurmH| tatastena vihitam-tahi pratIkSasva kSaNaM yAvadaha vRkSamAro. hAmi / tathAnuSThio tena, pAvaraso'striyaH. majIka. kRtastAvatte trayo'pi siMhene vyApAditAH / maH ca bujhAdavatIyaM gRhaM gataH / (12) Alokayatu tAvat lakSmImeva prathamam / iha jagati yathA iyam anAryA jamIH nahi evaM vidham aparam aparicitaM kiJcidasti / iSaM hi dRDhaniSpandIkRtApi nazyati / paripAlitApi prplaayte| na paricayaM rakSati / nAbhijanam IkSate / na rUpam Alokayate / na kulakramam anuvartate / ma zIlaM pazyati / na vaidagdhyaM gaNayati / na satyam avabudhyate / gandharvanagaralekheva pazyata eva nazyati / sarasvatIparigRhItaM janam Iyayeva nAliGgati / gugavantam apaviSamiva na spRzati / zara kaNTakamiva pariharati / dAtAraM duHsvapnAmeva na smareti / manasvinam unmattamiva upahasati / yathA yathA ceyaM capalA dIpyate tathA tathA dIpazikheva kajjalamalina meva karma udvamati / (13) dhUtaM vinoda iti, paradArAbhigamanaM vaidagdhyamiti, svadArA-parityAgaH avyasanitA iti, devAvapAnanaM mahAsattvateti doSAn api guNapakSam adhyAropayaddhirantaH svayamapi vihasadbhiH pratAraNakuzalaiH dhartaH pratAryamANA rAjAnaH sarvajanasyopahAsyatAm upayAnti / te dRSTipAtamapi upakArapakSe sthApayanti ! AjJAmapi varapradAnaM manyante / sparzamapi pAvanam Akalayanti / na devatAbhyaH praNamanti / nAbhivAdayanti abhivAdanAn i / upahasanti vidvajjanam / jarA vaiklavyapralapitamiti pazyanti vRddhajanopadezam / sarvadA tam abhinandanti, yo'hanizam anavaratam adhidaivatamiva vigatAmya kartavyaH stauti / / (14) kasmizcitkUpe gaGgadatto nAma maNDUkarAjaH prativasati sma / tena cintitam-yatkayaM dAyAdAnAM mayA pratyapakAraH kartavyaH / ekadA sa. kRSNasarpam apazyat / taM Aha saH-bho ! satyametat, yat svabhAvavairI tvamasmAkam, paraM paraparibhavAtprApto'haM te sakAzam / tacchu tvA so vyacintayat / ahaM kadAcitkathaMcinmUSakamekaM prApnomi tatsukhAvaho jIvanopAyo'yamanena kulAGgAreNa me dazitaH / tad gatvA tAn maNDUkAna bhakSayAmIti vicintya tamAliGgaya ca tenaiva saha prasthitaH / atha krameNa niHzeSitAste ripavaH / pazcAt tena mitrabhAva vismRtya tasya suto'pi bhakSitaH / (15)zraddhayA deyam / azraddhayA'deyam / zriyA deyam / hriyA deyam / bhiyA deyam / saMvidA veSam / aba yadi te karmavicikitsA vA vRttavicikitsA vA syAt / ye tatra brAhmaNAH saMmazinaH, yuktA ayuktAH, alakSA, dharmakAmAH syuH yathA te tatra vartaran tathA tatra varteSAH / eSa AdezaH / eSa upadezaH / eSA vedopaniSat / etadanuzAsanam / evamupAsitavyam / evaM caitadupAsyam / bhoH snAtakAH / yuSmAbhiH sadA sole samudAcAreca titavyam / (16) manuSyANAM hiMsAvRttistu niravadhiH / pazuhatyA tu teSAmAkrIDamama / kevalaM viklAntacittavinodAya mahArazyapagatya ne yatheccha nirvayaM ca pANAta gati

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saMskRta meM anuvAda pariziSTa : 8 : abhyAsa-saMgraha .. [267. 266 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ hindI meM anuvAda manuSyA yathA mRgayAmaravizya hiMsAvRttezcaritArthatA saMpAdayanti hinasvabhAvA api zvApadAH kiM kadAcit manuSyAlayamAvizya tAdRzamatidAruNaM karma samanutiSThanti / te svAbhISTadevatAyataH sarvathA niraparAdhAn rodyamAnAnAsannamRtyuzaGkAvepamAnakalevarAn pazUn balAdurahatya svahRdayasyAtikarkazanRzaMsatAyAH paricayaM dadati / vastutaH teSAM pazUpahAravyApAramavalokya jaDAnAmapyasmAkaM didIyaMte khalu hRdayam / (17) mAnavA nAma sarvAsu sRSTidhArAsu nikRSTatarA sRSTiH / samantAda abhinabola ravilakSaNa sRSTim utpAdayatA bhagavatA javatsavitrA yAdaga buddhiprakarSaH sRSTinaipuNyaM ca pradarzitam, mAnavasarga viddhatA punaranena tatsarva mekapada eva apahAritam / mAnavA iva kapaTavyavahArakuzalAH hiMsAniratA jIvA na vidyante / prazAnte ca jaThArAnale svodarapUrte nahi hiMsrasvabhAvAH siMhAdayaH pazavaH karatalagatAmapi hariNazAzakAdIn upaghnanti / pratyuta munivratA iva zAnta bhAvamApA vidhAmyanti / na kevalabhete pazubhyo nikRSTAstRNebhyo'pi nissArA eva / tRNAni khalu vAtyayA saha svazaktitaH suciram abhiyuSya vIrapuruSA iva zaktikSaye kSititale nipatanti, na tu kadAcit kApuspA iva svasthAnamapahAya dutaM prapalAyante / (18) yauvanaM saundaryam aizvarya mahAsatvatA ca pratyekamapi prabhavati janAnAm / narthAya / caturgA punareteSAmekA sannipAtaH sarvAnaryAnA sadya ityarthe'smin kaH saMzayaH ? mAnavAnAM vimalamapi manaH yauvana lakSmIpAdapallavamyAsenaiva samudrahati rAgam / vittamadena naSTaviveko janaH apathazinaM viTalokameva vidagdha matisnigdhaM ca vibhASya svakalatraM svavittaM ca tavadhInaM vidadhAti, pidadhAti ca sujanasamAgamadvAram / te mana:prasAdApa madhuvAnamiti, zauryasphUrtaye cauryamiti nAnAvidhamupadizya svayazyAn kalpayanti / evaMvidhaduHzikSAbalena svacApalena ca rAjasUnavaH prAyeNa prAgevAvinaya pazcAttAruNyam, purastAdeva jADyaM tadanantaramabhiSekam pUrvameva ahaMkAraM tadanu siMhAsanAdhyAsanaM ca bhjnte| (19) tathA prArabhamANe ca rAjani rAjanItikuzalAH katicana sacivAH sametya sapraNayaM vyajijJapan-deva ! dekena aviditaM kiJcidastIti na prastumahe kathayitum / tadapi devapAdayoH asAdhAraNI bhaktirasmAnmukharayati / taducitamanucitaM vA praNayaparavarzarasmAbhirabhidhIyamAnam AkarNayitum arhati svaamii| deva ! svahRdayamapi rAzA na visammaNIyam, kimutApare / vikhambheNa mantri nivezita-rAjyamArA rAjAnastareva vyApAditA bhvntiiti| api ca parihatanikhilevara vyApAro'yaM striyAm atyAsaMgaH sarvathA anryaanubndhii| yato rAvaNaH praNayamareja janakaduhitari dazarathatanayena yazaHzeSatAmanIyata / (2.) bhavAdazA eva bhavanti bhAjanAni upadezAnAm / apagatamale hi manasi TikamaNAviva vizanti sukhena upadezaguNAH / guruvacanam amalamapi abhavyasya dhUla. muAjanayati / itarasya tu sakalaM doSajAtaM harati / ayameva cAnAsvAditaviSayarasasya hai kAla upadezasya / kuzumazara-zaraprahArajarjarite hi hRdaye galamiva galatyupadiSTam / gurupadezana nAma puruSANAm akhilamala prakSAlanakSamam majalaM snAnam / vizeSeNa rajAm / birakhA hi tessaamupdessttaarH| pratizabdaka iva rAjavacanam anugacchati jano bhapAt / dAmadati te upadizyamAnamapi na zRNvanti / zRNvanto'pi ca ganimIlitena avadhIrayantaH khedayanti hitopadezadAyino gurUn / kha) saMskRta meM anuvAda kIjie (1) gaGgA bhAratavAsiyoM kI pUjya evaM pavitra nadI hai| isameM yoga pratidina zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha snAna karate haiM / yaha 'surasarit' bhI kahalAtI hai| isakA udagama-sthAna gaMgottarI hai| vahAM se nikalakara yaha haridvAra kI samataza bhUmi para bahatI huI pUrva dizA kI ora bahatI hai| isakA jala atyanta pavitra, nirmala aura . svAsthyavardhaka hai| bahuta samaya taka isakA jala surakSita rakhane para bhI vikRta nahIM hotA hai| haridvAra, prayAga aura vArANasI usake pramukha tIrthasthala haiN| (2) bhAratavarSa meM nagaroM kI apekSA grAmoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| jo gAMvoM meM rahate haiM ve svastha, paricamI aura sevAbhAvI hote haiN| gAMvoM meM jisa prakAra kI zuddha vAyu aura sUrya kA prakAza upalabdha hotA hai vaisA nagaroM meM kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla meM grAmya jIvana Adarza thA parantu Aja kA grAmya jIvana azikSA, kalaha aura andhavizvAsa kA ghara ho gayA hai| ataH bhAratadeza ke adhikAriyoM se nivedana hai ki grAmya sudhAra kI ora dhyAna deveN| (3)hamArA deza svarga se bhI zreSTha hai| svarga bhogabhUmi hai aura bhArata hai +mabhUmi' / saMsAra ke itihAsa meM AdhyAtmikatA kI dhArA pravAhita karane kA ra bhAratIya piyoM ko hI hai| unhoMne svArtha aura paramArtha kA sundara sAmanjasya prastuta kara viSaya ke samakSa eka sundara Adarza upasthita kiyA hai| hama bhAratavAsiyoM kA kartavya hai ki isa Adarza ko cirasthAyI banAye rkheN| (4) vyAkaraNa-zAstra kA jitanA vistRta aura sUkSma adhyayana saMskRta bhASA meM huA hai, utanA anya kisI bhI bhASA meM nhiiN| vyAkaraNa ko veda kA mukA matalAyA gayA hai| prAtizAkhyoM kI racanA ke bAda yAka me hI sarvaprathama ke caturvidha vibhAjana (nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga aura mipAta) ko mAta DAI hai tathA yaha siddha karane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA ki mAyA 'dhAtu-samUha' hI hai| inhIM liyAmsoM para pANinikI nAbAli.

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268 ] saMkRta-pravezikA [ saMskRta meM anuvAda (5) rAmAyaNa saMskRta-sAhitya kA eka mahattvapUrNa mahAkAvya hai| isake racayitA maharSi vAlmIki hai| isameM maryAdApuruSottama rAma ke jIvana caritra kA ujjavala varNana hai| saMskRta kA sarvaprathama kAvya-grantha hone se ise AdikAvya kahA jAtA hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti kA sundaratama rUpa varNita hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta sundara kAvya hai| isakI bhASA prArambha se anta taka pariSkRta aura prasAdaguNa se yukta hai| kavitA sarala, sarasa aura manohara hai| alaMkAroM kA sundara sammizraNa hai| karuNarasa kA prAdhAnya hai| parakAlIna kaviyoM ne isakA bAzraya lekara kAvya aura nATaka likhe haiN| (6) eka nagara meM tapodatta nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usane bAlyAvasthA meM pitA ke bahuta samajhAne para bhI vidyA nahIM siikhii| kAlAntara meM logoM se apanI nindA sunakara pazcAttApa karane lagA aura vidyA kI prApti ke lie gaGgAtaTa para tapasyA karane lgaa| eka dina brAhmaNa bheSadhArI indra ko gaGgA meM pula banAne hetu pAnI meM bAlU DAlate dekhakara tapodatta ne kahA-'are mUrkha ! bAlU se gaGgA jI meM pula nahIM bana sakatA hai, terA yaha prayatna sarvathA niSphala hai|' taba indra ne ha~sakara kahA-'jo tuma yaha jAnate ho to phira binA par3he kevala vrata-upavAsAdi karake vidyopArjana karane kA udyoga kyoM kara rahe ho? adhyayana ke binA tumhArA bhI yaha yatna binA bhitti ke citra ke samAna niSphala hai'| (7) niSadha deza kA rAjA nala eka bAra vana-vihAra ko niklaa| nagara se kucha dUra nikala jAne para eka upavana meM usane. eka manohara tAlAba dekhaa| usameM khUba kamala khile hue the| vahA~ usane eka bahuta hI manohara haMsa dekhaa| usa para mugdha hokara rAjA ne apane tarakasa se eka sammohana bANa usa para calAne ke lie nikAlA / dhanuSa para bANa rakhate hI usane eka alakSita vANI sunii| usakA bhAva yaha thA ki-he rAjan ! isa para bAga mata chodd'o| yaha terA abhISTa siddha kregaa| (8) veda bhAratIya sAhitya ke sarva-prAcIna grantha haiN| inakA nirmANa kaba huA? isakA sahI-sahI nirNaya karanA atyanta duSkara hai| kucha bhAratIya manISiyoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra veda anAdi aura apauruSeya haiN| inake sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye vizva-sAhitya ke Adi grantha haiM aura saMsAra meM jJAna kA abhyudaya vedoM ke abhyudaya ke sAtha hI huA hai| bhASA, itihAsa, saMskRti, sAhitya sabhI dRSTiyoM se veda mahattvapUrNa aura avarNanIya haiN| " (1) mahAkavi bANa bhaTTa saMskRta sAhitya ke sarvazreSTha gadya kAvyakAra haiN| samrATa harSavardhana ke sabhApaNDita hone ke kAraNa inakA samaya saptama zatAbdI kA saMskRta meM anuvAda ] pariziSTa : 8 : abhyAsa-saMgraha [ 269 pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne do gadya grantha likhe haiM :-'harSacarita' aura 'kaadmbrii'| ye donoM hI grantha anupama haiN| harSacarita eka aitihAsika gadya-kAvya hai| kAvya-saundarya kI dRSTi se isakI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiN| kAdambarI saMskRta gadyakAvya kI anupama kRti hai| kavi kI pratibhA kA carama utkarSa isameM dikhalAI detA hai| bANa kI varNana zailI, bhASA-sauSThava, alaMkAra-yojanA, prakRti-citraNa, rasa-paripAka Adi sabhI adbhuta haiM jo sahRdayoM ko moha lete haiN| (10) parivartana prakRti kA niyama hai| prakRti ke isa niyama ko jar3a ho yA cetana sabhI svIkAra karate haiN| jo pradeza pahale nirjana the ve Aja sundara mahaloM se suzobhita haiN| jo kala rAjA the ve Aja bhikhArI haiM aura jo kala bhikhArI the ve Aja dhanavAna haiN| parivartana kI isa mahimA se hI kSaNamAtra meM sukha duHkha kA aura duHkha sukha kA sthAna grahaNa kara letA hai| sukha aura duHkha donoM pakra ke samAna badalate rahate haiN| ekAntataH sukha athavA duHkha kabhI nahIM rahate / ataH sukha ke upasthita hone para na to atyanta harSita honA cAhiye aura na duHkha ke upasthita hone para duHkhii| sadA sukha aura duHkha meM samatA dhAraNa karanA caahie| (11) sRSTi ke prArambha se hI striyoM kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika yuga meM gArgI Adi striyoM ke sammAna kA vidhAna milatA hai| paurANika yuga meM bhI unako ucita sammAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAla meM nAriyoM ko kevala bhoga kA sAdhana mAnakara unake sAtha ucita nyAya nahIM kiyA gyaa| vartamAna kAla meM striyA~ punaH apane gaurava ko prApta karake puruSoM ke sAtha kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara kArya kara rahI haiN| striyA~ rASTra ke bhAvI nAgarikoM kI jananI haiN| bAlakoM ke caritra-nirmANa meM unakA mahatvapUrNa yoga hotA hai| ata: unakI sacita zikSA evaM surakSA kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| (12) manuSya samAja kA eka aGga hai| samAja kI unnati se hI usakI emnati hotI hai aura samAja kI avanati se usakI bhI avanati hotI hai| ataH pratyeka vyakti kA kartavya hai ki vaha sadA samAja kI unnati ke lie prayatna kre| samAjasevA kA bhAva bAlyakAla se hI jAgRta karanA caahie| saccA samAja tevaka vinamra hotA hai| vaha dUsaroM kI sahAyatA aura sevA karake prasanna hotA hai| usakA lakSya sadA yaha rahatA hai ki samAja ke sabhI vyakti sadA sukhI, svastha aura prasanna rheN| saMsAra meM jitane bhI mahApuruSa hue haiM, una sabane samAjasevA kA vrata mukhyarUpa se liyA thA, ataeva ve samAja ko tathA svayaM ko sammata mAro / (12) saMsAra meM aneka bhASAyeM pracalita haiN| samameM saMta bhAnA Mmm tathA bhAratIya bhASAoM kI jananI hai| isakA jyAmA paOm. The

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pustakAlayaH ] pariziSTa : 9 : nibandha-saMgraha 271 270 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [skRta meM anuvAda vaijJAnika hai / videzI vidvAn bhI isakI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate haiN| hamArA prAcIna itihAsa, dharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti isI bhASA meM surakSita haiN| bhAra, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, bANa Adi mahAkaviyoM ne isI bhApA meM apanA amUva sAhitya likhA hai| yadyapi yaha bhASA dekhane meM kaThina hai parantu abhyAsa se sarala ho sakatI hai| yaha hI ekamAtra aisI bhASA hai jo samasta deza ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bA~dha sakatI hai| yaha deza kI eka anupama aura durlabha nidhi hai| ataH isakI rakSA ke lie tathA isake pracAra ke lie satata prayatna Avazyaka hai| (14) gokhale sacce deza bhakta the / ve bhAratavarSa se bahuta prema karate the| unakA jIvana batisarala aura svArtha se rahita thaa| ve na to dhana kI paravAha karate the aura na yAti kii| apane samaya meM unhoMne vaktA ke rUpa meM bhI yAti prApta kI thii| ve kovala zabdoM meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the apitu jo kahate the vahI karate kI ye| unakI ni:svArtha dezasevA anukaraNIya hai| (15) dharmasAdhanA ke lie tathA prasannatA ke lie svastha rahanA Avazyaka hai| acchA svAsthya tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hama zArIrika rUpa se tathA mAnasika rUpa se svastha hoN| zArIrika svasthatA ke lie pauSTika aura saMtulita bhojana ke sAtha svacchatA aura vyAyAma bhI Avazyaka hai| havA aura pAnI kI zuddhatA ke sAtha nivAsa sthAna bhI sApha sutharA honA cAhie / mAnasika svasthatA ke lie sadvicAra aura sadAcAra ke sAtha tanAvamukta rahanA Avazyaka hai / jahA~ svAsthya hai vahIM sukha aura zAnti hai / (16) jhAMsI kI rAnI lakSmIbAI kA janma vArANasI meM huA thaa| isakA vAlyakAla kA nAma thA 'mnuu'| isake pati the jhAMsI ke rAjA gaMgAdhara rAva / puSa aura pati kI mRtyu ke bAda usane jhAMsI kA zAsana. saMbhAla liyaa| dhArmika kriyAoM ke sAtha usane yuddhAbhyAsa bhI kiyaa| pazcAt samaya Ane para dezabhakti se dhAkRSTa hokara usane aMgrejoM ke sAtha yuddha kiyaa| svatantratA-saMgrAma meM usakI vIratA kI zatruoM ne bhI prazaMsA kii| bhAratIya nArI kI isa vIratA te deza kA mastaka sadA UMcA rhegaa| (15) 'ahiMsA' saba dharmoM kA sAra hai| ahiMsA ke binA jIvana kI sthiratA saMbhava nahIM hai / yadi hama cAhate haiM ki dUsare loga hameM kaSTa na deM, hamArA apakAra na kareM to hameM bhI aisA hI AcaraNa dUsaroM ke sAtha karanA caahie| ahiMsA ke abhAva meM sarvatra arAjakatA kA prasAra ho jaayegaa| vizvazAnti aura vizvabandhu va tabhI saMbhava hai jaba sarvatra ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya ho| hiMsA kA artha kevala prANoM kA vinAza karanA nahIM hai apitu dUsaroM ke dila ko kisI bhI prakAra kaSTa pahu~cAnA bhI hiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA artha hai sabase premabhAva rkhnaa| (18) maryAdA puruSottama rAma rAjA dazaratha ke jyeSTha putra the| unakI patnI kA nAma thA siitaa| lakSmaNa, bharata aura zatrughna unake choTe bhAI the| unameM paraspara pragADha premabhAva thaa| pitA ke. pacana kI rakSA ke nimitta unhoMne caudaha varSa kA vanavAsa saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| sItA aura lakSmaNa ne rAma kA anugamana kiyaa| pazcAt sItA kA apaharaNa karane vAle laMkA ke rAjA rAvaNa kA vadha karake tathA vibhISaNa ko vahA~ kA rAjA banA ke rAma ayodhyA ke rAjA bane / unake rAjya meM sabhI loga prasaMnna the| ata: Aja rAmarAjya ko yAda kiyA jAtA hai| (19) vidyArthI hI deza ke bhAvI karNadhAra haiN| yadi ve apane kartavya kA sahI uGga se pAlana nahIM kareMge to na deza kI, na samAja kI aura na svayaM kI unnati hogii| ve hI Age calakara adhyApaka, nyAyAdhIza, zAsaka Adi vividha padoM ko sNbhaaleNge| vidyArthiyoM ke nimna sAta kartavya granthoM meM batalAye gae haiMvidyA kA upArjana, samaya kA sadupayoga, anuzAsana, gurubhakti, zArIrika zattisaMcaya, niyamitatA aura sadAcAra / ataH vidyArthiyoM ko apanA dhyAna ina kartavyoM kI ora hI lagAnA cAhie, anyatra nhiiN| (20) yAjJavalkya ne maitreyI se kahA-'maiM saMnyAsa lenA cAhatA hU~ aura tumheM kucha denA cAhatA huuN| maitreyI ne kahA-'yadi yaha samasta pRthvI dhana se bhara jAye to kyA maiM amara ho jAU~gI'? yAjJavalaya ne uttara diyA-'nahIM, dhana se amaratva kI koI AzA nhiiN'| taba maitreyI ne kahA-'jisako lekara maiM amara nahIM ho sakatI usakA maiM kyA karUMgI? jisase amaratva prApta ho aisA jJAna mujhe diijie'| yAjJavalkya ne kahA-'putra, dhana, pazu Adi prANiyoM ke hita ke lie nahIM hote haiN| -isalie AtmA ko dekho, suno aura usIkA cintana kro| AtmA ke dekhane, sunane aura cintana-manana karane se saba kucha jJAta ho jAtA hai| pariziSTa::nibandha-saMgraha (21 , pustakAlayaH yatra vividhAnAM pustakAnAM saMgraho (AlayaH ) bhavati saH 'pustakAlayaH' granthAlayo vA kthyte| vartamAnayuge pustakAmayaH zikSAyAH abhinnamanamasti / zikSakAH bada kArya kurvanti pustakAlayo'pi tadeva prakArAntareNa karoti / sabhayato'pi jJAnasaMvardhanaM bhavati / ataeva pratyekazikSAsaMsthAyAM pustakAlayaH saH mahAmanA avazyameva dRshyte| vastutaH aba pustakAlayaH vikSitasamAjAsa jIvanAcAra |

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272 ] saMskRta pravezikA [ dIpAvalI SaD-RtavaH ] pariziSTa : 9 : nibandha-saMbaha / 273 pustakAlayamahatvAdeva ekasminnapi namare bahavaH pustakAlayAH saMsthApyante yatra janAH pustakAni adhyetuM samAcArapatrANi ca vAcapituM pathAvakAzaM pratidinaM gacchanti / asmin yuge anusandhAnAdikArya mahatvapUrNamasti / tacca suvyavasthita, samRddha * pustakAlayaM vinA na sambhavati / pratyekaM janaH vividhapustakAni saMgrahItuM na zaknoti tasmAt pustakAlayaM vihAya kimapyanyatsAdhanaM nAsti yena jAnAnAM zAnapipAsA zAmyeta / kiJca, yeSAM pAzrvaM paryAptaM dhanaM nAsti te pustakAlayaM gatvaiva pAThaya-- pustakAni pustakAntarANi ca yathArUci paThanti / pustakAlayeSu samAcArapatradvArA dezavidezayoH dainikavRttAntA: jJAyate / pustakAlayAH bahuvidhAH bhavanti / yathA-kecana pustakAlayAH vizvajanInA:: bhavanti; apare tu saMsthA-saMbaddhAH nirdhAritasadasyAnAM kRte / kecit kevalamekabhASApustakAni; kecid anekabhASAmanyAH bhavanti / keSucit tattaviSayasya / yathA-- vijJAnasya, vANijyasya, kalAsAhityastha, darzanasya, manoraJjakopanyAsAdInAM vA / kecit prAyaH sarvaviSayANAM / yathA-vizvavidyAlayIyeSu pustakAlayeSu / pustakAlayasya saJcAlanAya ekaH pustakAlayAdhyakSo bhavati yaH pratidinaM yathAsamayamAgatya pustakAnAm AdAnapradAnayoH vyavasthA karoti / tasya sahAyatArtham banye'pi karmacAriNaH AvazyakatAnusAraM bhavanti / vibhinnapaJjikAsu tattat viSayANAM pustakAni ullikhyante / panjikAntareSu pustakavitaraNasya pratyAvartanasya ca vivaraNaM likhyate / niyamAnusAreNa paJjikAnA saMkhyA hInAdhikA bhavati / me janAH pustakAlayasya sadasyAH bhavanti te kAnicit pustakAni adhyakSAzayA svagRhamapi nayanti / yadi te yathAsamayaM na pratyAvartayanti tadA te niyamAnusAra daNDabhAjaH bhavanti / kvacit-kvacit puratakAlaye durvyavasthA'pi dRzyate yena pustakAlayasya samucitaH sadupayogaH lAbho vA na saayte| yadi iyaM durvyavasthA dUrIkRtA syAtahi mahAn janalAbho bhaveda / adya vizvavidyAlayeSu pustakAlayavijJAnasya adhyApanaM bhavati / antatazca nivivAdametat yat pustakAlayasya sthApanA sarvatra karaNIyA yena janAnAm ajJAnAdhakAraH apasAritaH syAt dezavikAso'pi saMbhavet / (22 ) dIpAvalI ( dIpamAlA) bhAratavarSe rakSA bandhanam (zrAvaNI), vijayadazamI (dazaharA), dIpAvalI, holikA caite catvAraH hindUdharmAvalambinA pramukhAH mahotsavAH santi / yadyapi ete sarve'pi sarvaiH varNaH samAnameva prativarSa samAdriyante tathApi eSAM caturNA varNAnA kRte yathAkrama pRthak-pRthak mahattvamasti / tayA zrAvaNI brAhmaNAnAm, vijayadazamI kSatriyANAm, dIpAvalI vaizyAnAm, holikA cUdrANAm pradhAnaparvatayA manyate / teSu dIpAvalIsamArohaH kAttikamAsasya kRSNapakSe abhAvasyAyo smpaadyte| asmin parvaNi nizAmuLe sarvatra paMktibaddhAH dIpAH prajvAlyante / ataH asyosabasya nAma 'dIpAvalI' dIpamAlA' vA vartate / sAmprataM paMktibaddhana vidhutprakAzenApi prakAzaH kriyte| utsavAdasmAdbahudinAni pUrvameva janAH svasthagRhAn sammAya sudhAdinA parikurvanti tathA nAnAvidhaiH raGgaH bhUSayanti / kecana toraNadvArANi puSpamAlAdibhiH alakurvanti ca / tasmAd gRhA: gavA iva pratIyante / nagareSu, grAmeSu, gRheSu, mandireSu, ApaNeSu sarvatra dIpA eva dRSTipathamAyAnti / api ca pandri kArahitAyAmapi amAvasyAyAM gaganamaNDala pUrNimAvat pratibhAti / nagareSu vividhavarNa vidyunmAlAmaNDitAH gRhAH kasya nAma nAkarSanti cetH| dRzyamidaM vilokayituM janAH paritaH bhramanti yena mArgeSu mahAn janasamma> jAyate / asmin mahotsave nizIthe lakSmIpUjanamapi kriyate / vyApAriNaH lakSmI vizeSarUpeNa ArAdhya AyavyayapabjikAM pUjayanti vArSikamAyabyayAdikamapi saMkalayanti ca / aneke janAH yUtakrIDA madyapAnaM cApi kurvanti / sarve narA: parasparaM miSTAnnAdikasyAdAnapradAna kurvantaH pramuditAH dRzyante / viprebhyaH yAcakebhyazca miSTAnnamizritaM lAjAdika prdiiyte| prAyaH saryo'pi utsava: nUnaM yayA kayAcit pUrvaghaTanayA saMbaddho bhavati / janaH asyotsavasyApi anekAni kAraNAni klpynte| kecit kathayanti yadasminneva dine zrIrAmacandraH laMkA vijitya ayodhyA pratyAvartata / apare badanti yadasminneva dine jainamatapravartakasya bhagavato mahAvIrasya nirvANamabhavat / anye manyante yadasminneva dine bhagavAn viSNuH vAmanarUpaM dhRtvA valinA vandIkRtA lakSmIm amuJcat / eteSu yadapi bhavet kAraNamasya mahotsavasya nivivAdametad yadayaM paramaramaNIyaH vaijJAnikadRSTayA mahattvapUrNazca / yadasmAd daridratAyAH nissAraNam, rogakITANamA vinAzaH, svacchatAyAH sampAdanam, samAje navInatAyAH AvirbhAvaH, anye'pi bahavA lAbhAH bhavanti / idAnI kecana doSAH api dRSTipathamAyAnti / yathA-dyUtakrIDA, madyapAnam, visphoTakapadArthaprayogaH apavyayazca / yadi eteSAM boSANAM parityAgaH bhavettahi asyotsavasya mAnavajIvane avarNanIyaM mahattvaM jAyeta / (23-28) SaD-RtavaH bhAratadezo'yaM nAnAraGgoparaJjitAnAM SaNAm RtUNAM rNgbhuumiH| mAre ayameva dezaH yatra par3a jAtavaH cakranemikrameNa yathAsamayaM pratimana rAgAmAmilA c| yadyapi RtUNAM praveza: nakSatrAMnuvidhAyI tapAti sAdhAraNa IN

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274 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ SaD-RtavaH SaD- RtavaH ] pariziSTa : 9: nibandha-saMgraha [235 mAsatayaM manyate / tatra saMvatsarAnusAreNa prathamaM vasantaH RtuH samAgaNchati / tataH paraM krameNa grISmaH, varSAH, zarad, hemantaH, zizirazca AyAnti / atra saMkSepeNa teSAM digdarzanaM kriyate 1. vasanta:-ayam RtuH sAdhAraNatayA caitra-vaizAkhamAsayoH manyate / ziziragrISgAmadhye sthitatvAd asmin RtI nAdhikaM zaityaM na vA adhikoSNatA bAdhate / mandazItalasurabhiH dakSiNapavanaH pravahati / yathoktamiha madhupabadhUnAM pItamallImadhUnAM, vilasati kamanIyaH kAkalIsampradAyaH / iha naTati salIla maJjarIvajulasya, pratipadamupaviSTA dakSiNenAni lena / sarve zuSkavRkSAH sarvAH patrahInAH latAzca nUtanapatra-puSpaphalAdibhiH samalaMkRtAH bhavanti / AneSu navakisalayA: majayazca samudbhavanti / sarovareSu kamalAni, sthaleSu ca vakulAzokaprabhUtitarUNAM latAnAM ca nAnAvarNAni puSpANi vikasanti / prativanaM sahakAraviTapeSu kokilAH madhuraM kUjanti, bhramarAzca sAmodaM puSpANAM rasamAsvAdya maJju gujanti / yathoktam kAlidAsena kusumajanma tato navapallavAstadanu SaTpadakokilakUjitam / iti yathAkramamAvirabhUnmadhurdumavatImavatIyaM vanasthalIm / / . api - uSNatAyAH utkarSaH / asya RtoH dvimAsaparimitatA uSNatAdhikyatantrA / yato anayoH mAsayoH (jyeSThApADhayoH) sUryaH pracaNDAbhiH atyadhikaM tapati, yena kopAkulasya nupasya mukhamiva uccaigaMganaM duSprekSyam, gRhAda bahinirgamana pazcAgnitara ica mahatkaSTakara bhavati / uSNaH tIvaca virahiNI ni:zvAsa iva duHsahaH vAya: prahati / vRkSa-TatA-sarit-pratayaH prodhitAnA virahAturAH pramadAH iva pratidinaM duSyanti / jalasthAne prAyaH mRgamarIcikAH pratibhAnti kintu idAnImapi samudraH prabhUtajalapUrNa evaM garjati / yayoktam -"zoSitasarasi nidAce nitarAmevovataH nindhuH|" kRpaNasya ghanatRSNeva pipAsA atyadhika vardhate / snAnaM prItijanaka bhavati / AtapabahulApi chAyA tarupAdamUlaM na tyajati / taruchAyAsu vidhAmaH sukhakaraH mavati / yathoktaM kAlidAsena subhagamalilAvagAhAH pATalasaMsarga-surabhivanavAtAH / pracchAyamulabhanidrA divasA: pariNAmaramaNIyAH / / api ca--- taptA mahI virahiNAmiva cittavRttistRSNAdhvageSu kRpaNeSviva vRddhimeti / sUryaH karadahati durvacanaiH khalo nu chAyA satIya na vimuJcati pAramUlam / / svedaH ajanaM pravahati, zarIre zithilatA ca AyAti / kAryeSu manaH sthiraM na bhavati / vidyuyajanAni anyAni vA vyajanAni janAH ahaniyAM sevante / zItalacandrakiraNojjvalA rAtriH ramyA AmodakarI ca bhavati / tasmAt janAH bahiH zerate / kecana jIvAH tApAdhikyAt mriyante / nAgarikA: grAmINAH vA jalAya rAjamArga sthiteSu jalakUpeSu kalahAyante / dharmAnurAgiNaH prapAmaNDapAdaH vyavasthA kurvanti / nizA kusatAM, dinAni ca dIrghatAmupayAnti / kaSTrabahulo'pi ayaM grISmatuH anekadRSTibhiH kalyANakarI manyate / yataH prabhUtatApAt zarIrasthAH vikArA: romakUpamAgeMNa svedena saha bahiH nissaranti / hAnikArakAH kITANavo vinazyanti / pRthivyAH urvaratAzaktizca vardhate / 3. varSAH-grISmAbhitaptAnAM sarveSAM sukhaprado'yam RtuH sAmAnyataH grISmAnantaraM zrAvaNa-bhAdrapadamAsayoH manyate / idAnI jona paripUrNA pRthivImadhilambamAnAH zyAmameghAH nabhasi paridRzyante / kadAcid ete kevalaM garjanti, kadAcicca varSanti / kadAcit musaladhArAvRSTiH, kadAcit jalasIkarasizcanaM, kadAcit karakA-pAtaH / sarve jalAzayAH, kulyAH, kUpAH, nadyaH jalAplAvitAH bhavanti / yatra kutrApi duSTiH nipatati tatra sarvatra jala nayanAbhirAmoharItimA vA dRSTigocarato yAti / kRSipradhAne bhAratadeze kRSakAH vizeSa rUpeNa hRSyanti / te doSAgi kati, bIjAni bapanti ca / svalpenaiva kAlena pRthivI zasthavazmAgamA mAyane / 400 navapalAza-palAzavanaM puraH sphuTaparAga-parAgatapaGkajam / mRdulatAnta-latAntamalokayatta surabhi surabhi sumanobharaiH / / jareSu cetaneSu ca sarvatra navanavollAsAH, apUrvo madhurimA mAdakatA ca anubhuuynte| kusumAyudhapriyadUtaka: vasantakAlo'yaM madhumaya: madhumAso'pi kathyate, yataH puSpAvacUlo'yaM samayaH / yathoktaM haravijaya kAvye 'balivajasthAnazanavatAntaH mAnogazApAvadhiraGganAnAm / arthakadAnAGgamadAnukUla: puSpAvacUla: samayo jajambhe // kiMbahunA, prakRtI sarvatra anupama saundarya smullsti| prakRtiH vsnttoH rAjJI, pRthivI ca indrapurasaduzI raajdhaanii| pratIyate yat prakRtirAjJI citravicitraH vividhaH patrapuSpAdimayaiH alaMkaraNaH vibhUSitA vasantarAjam AvarjayituM yatate / ebhireva hetubhiH vasantaH 'RturAjaH' vyapadizyate / asya sarvAtizAyi saundarya navIna: prAcInaH sarvairapi kavibhiH savistaraM vaNitam / vaijJAnikadRSTyA api ayam RtuH mahatvapUrNaH, zarIrAGgapoSakaH, AmodakaraH, sphUrtidAyakaH, utsAhavardhakazca / 2. grISmaH-grISmapradhAnadezo'yam / yathA iMglaiNDadeze prativarSam aSTa-navamAsaparyantaM tyasyodrekaH tathaiva bhAratadezastha adhikAMzapradezeSu satASTamAsaparyantam

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276 [ saMskRta-pravezikA [ SaD-RtavaH trINi rASTriyapavANi] pariziSTa : 9 : nibandha-saMgraha [277 piGgalAbhAmaH indragopakAH saMcaranti / jalAzayeSu maNDakA: TaraTarAyante / vidyata yuvaticittamiva kSaNaM sphurati / unmadAH mayUrA: meghagarjanaM dhutyA itastataH nRtyanti / meghAcchanne gabhasi balAkAH uddddiiynte| surendra pApo'pi yadA kadA udeti / yatra tatra dolAvilAsaH saMdRzyate / vRkSaSu cAtakA. 'pIkahA~' (kvAsti priyaH; priyo medhaH ) iti meSajalArtha raTanti / itthaM sarvatra saMgItotsavaH iva pracalati / ki bahunA, sarvatra rampANi dRzyAni cetAMsi haranti / vRSTyA anekahAnayaH api bhavanti / yathA-prabhUtavarSaNena gaMgAdaya: namaH Aplavena bhISaNaM dRzyam upasthApayanti / prAyaH sarve mArgAH pahilAH avaruddhAzca bhavanti / mahatI dhana-dhAnyahAniH bhavati / janAH pazavazca niyante / mRNmayA: gRhAH dharAzAyinaH jAyante / aneke hAnikArakAH kITAdayaH utpadyante / jaTharAgniH pAcana kriyAyAM niSkriyA iva bhavati / itthaM vRSTyA yadyapi anekahAnayAH bhavanti tathApi ayam RtuH prANinAM jIvanAya amRtopamo yataH nAnAvidhAni zasyAni udbhavanti / prAcInasAhitye vaidikaiH RSibhirapi asyAH mahatvam udghoSitam / 4. zarad-ayam Rtu: varSAnantaraM dhana kAla mugraM gADhatamasa utthAya AzvinakArtikamAsayoH Agacchati / zarad gulapayodharazrIH zuddhAmbarA mayoDheva zobhate / zuddhAmbare navanItanibhaH candraH, takrasamA jyotsnA, kSIranIkAzA AzAH (vizaH) vilasanti / pRthivI apaDUtAm, nadyaH svacchatAma, pAsyAni pariNAmaramyatA caupayAnti / haMsAH mAnasarovarAd Agatya mayUradhvani paruSIkRzya ca madhuraM nisvananti / parimalavAhinaH saptacchada-kalhAravAtAH mantharaM vAnti / vimalakumudAvadAtA: tArakAdayaH vidyotnte| USmA adhikataraM bAdhate / kiMbahunA, zAradIyAH vAsarAH keSAM cetAMsi na samAkarSanti / ghananirmuktatayA atizubhaiH candrikiraNa nakSatra-grahai: krauJca-haMsa-saptacchada-kumudapuNDarIka-kAzakusumaparAgaizca diGamaNDala dhavalitaM bhavati / jalAzayAnAM jalaM nirmalaM madhuraM ca bhavati / 5. hemanta:-ayam RtuH zaradanantaraM mArgazIrSa ( bhAgrahAyaNa ) pauSamAsayo: manyate / asmin zrAtI rajanI kramazaH vardhate / divasazca kRzatA yAti / sarvatra zItaH vAyuH prasarati yena sarve prANina: zItajvarAtarAH iva pente tathA zItena kampamAnAH janAH sadyaH kUrmavat svAni aGgAni nije zarIre evaM upasaMhAM kAGkSanti / asmin Rtau pAcana kriyA samIcInA bhavati yena svAsthyalAbho'pi jAyate / 6. zizira:-ayam RtuH hemantAnantaraM sAmAnyena bhASa-phAlgunamAsayoH mnyte| idAnIM zaityaM tatsahacarIva rAtrirapi pUrNa vardhate / zItAva bhItAH iva divasAH saMkucanti, ravizca mandakaro bhavati / valiH priyaH bhavati jalaM ... pAniSTam / balavanto'pi janAH zizirAt kampante / tuSAraH nipatati / janAH nitarAm aGgAra sevante uSNa vastraM ca dhArayanti / gRhasya dvArANi prAyaH pihitAni bhavanti / sUrya astaMgate, niHsvakuTumbaH paGkajalIlA samudatahata / jaTharAgniH atipradIpto bhavati / janAH dUtaM kAryANi samApya aciraM svagRhAya pAyAH iva ghAvanti / ataeva ayam Rtu: 'zizira' iti kathyate / nirdhanAH, durbalAH, pazavazya zItAditAH niyante tathApi ayamapi RtuH svAsthyadRSTayA bahulAbhapradaH / kiMbahunA, prANinAM kRte RtabaH prakRti pradattamekam apUrva varadAnam iti bodhyam / (29-31) trINi rASTriyaparvANi rASTrasyaitihAsikaghaTanAsUcakAni kAnicana rASTyiparvANi bhavanti / bhAratavarSe'pi evaMvidhAni pINi parvANi pracalanti-1. svatantratA divasaH, 2. gaNatantradivasaH, 3. gAndhijayantizca / etAni itihAsasya projjvalaratnAni / etAni prativarSa mahatA usmAhena, harSeNa samAroheNa ca samastadeze samAyojyante / etAni asmAkaM rAjanItI jIvanadhArAyAM ca navInapreraNA: nabollAsAn ca vitamvanti / sAmprataM sarve bhAratIyAH dezanetRNAM mahApuruSANAM tumulajayadhvanimuccArayantaH tatpradarzitamArga parizIlayantaH dhvajottolanaM deza rakSArtha pratizAdikaM ca kurvanti / atra teSAM trayANAM krameNa digdarzanaM kriyate 1. svatantratAdivasotsavaH-1947 IsavIyasya agastamAsasya paJcadayAtArikAyo (nizIthe caturdazatArikAvigame paJcadazatArikAprArambhe) cirakAlAt parAdhInA: bhAratavAsinaH AGgalazAsakAnAM zAsanapAzAt muktAH / caturdazatArikAyAM rAko svatantratAlAbhAya samutsukaiH nAgarikaiH prAtarutyAya agrimadivasAyojanasya vipUlAni sAdhanani ekatrIkRtAni / svatantratAprAptikAle ( dvAdazavAdane / tumulazaMkhadhvanibhiH vividhavAdyaizca mAMgalikasamArohaH samapadyata / 'jaya bhAratamAtA', 'vande mAtaram, 'jaya mahAtmAgAndhiH' prabhRtibhiH ghoSaH gagamamaNDale vyAptamabhavat / prAtaH yatra tatra sarvatra prabhAta pradarzanAni (prabhAtapherI), rASTriyadhvajottolanAni, dezApitajIvanempaH puNyazlokebhyaH (pAhIda) zraddhAJjalipradAnAni, 'janagaNamana' iti rASTriyagItaprasAraNAni, miSTAnna vitaraNAni, dezabhaktAnA bhASaNAni pa AyojitAni / sajjIkRtadvArANAM gAndhidvAra-rAjendradvAra-amAhavArasubhASadvAra-bhAratamAtAdvAraprabhRtIni nAmAni likhitAni adhuNyanta / sAyaM pAye janikasabhAsu pramukhanAyakaiH bhASaNAni vihitAni / yama tama gama kA, AmrapallavAnAM mAlAvat toraNadvArANi nAnAsanigurial, HINNEL

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bhagavAn zrIkRSNaH ] pariziSTa : 9 nibandha-saMgraha tAbhyAmeva ca vividhAnyAndolanAnantaram abhUtapUrvA saphalatAmapi ' avApnot / etadIyaM satyAhiMsAdarzanamadhyetuM vaidezikAH atra Agacchanti / asya Izvare mahatI niSThA AsIt kintu satyameva Izvaram amnytmH| etena ahiMsA mahAzaktirUpeNa samupAsitA, yadane pracura zAstrAstrAdibhiH susampannAH api vaidezikA: svazAsana saJcAlayitum asamarthAH, ciraM sthAtuM nAzaknuvan / vizvetihAse navImo'yam anubhavaH pada balavanto'pi nirbalaiH satyAhiMsAbalenaiva parAbhUtAH / adyApi dezo'smAkaM tAmeva nIti taTasthatAnAmnA anusarati / tasmAt tatsammAnAya tajjayantyutsavaH rASTriyaparvarUpeNa mahatA samArohega samaste deze saMpAdyate / asmin dine gAndhisAhityasya, tajjIvanasaMdezasya, tadAdarzaparamparANAM ca manana, pracAraH, tadanupadaM samAcarituM saMkalpAzca kriynte| eteSu viSvapi parvasu sArvajanika-rASTriyAvakAzo bhavati samaste bhArate / aparAdhinA kArAvAsadaNDAvadhau nyUnatA udghoSyate / tasmistasmin kSetra utkarSAdhAyaka kAryakartRbhyo viziSTapuruSebhyaH 'padmazrI' prabhRtayaH sammAnopAdhayo vitIryante / 278 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ zrINi rASTriya parvANi eva dRSTigocarAH abhavan / tadAnIM dezavyApini darzanIye mahati utsave sarveSAm yugapat harSollAsamithitaH adRSTapUrvaH svAbhAvika: antaHpreritaH adamyotsAhaH sahayogazca pAsIt / kiMbahunA pavitratamasya parvaNaH anurUpa sarva sampAditamabhavat / bhAratavarSasyetihAse idaM svatantratAbhidhAnaM pradhAnaparva bhAratIyAgAM kRte garvasya gauravasya cAspadamiti / paratantratAyAM svargopamamapi sukhaM nagaNyam, svAtantrye tu alpamapi sukhaM amRtopamamiti nirvivAdam / etadarthasya dezabhakta': prArabdhaspa ahiMsAndolanasya prayogaH adya caritArvaH abhavat / tadA prabhRti idaM parva prativarSa tasyAmeva tArikAyA deze sarvatra tathaiva samAyojyate / atrAvasare dezasaMrakSaNAya sarapi yayAkathamapi saMrakSaNAya sakalpAH kriynte| puNyazlokAnA gAvAH gIyante / varSAbhyantaram atIte itihAse bhASaNeSu vihaMgama dRSTirapi dIyate / 2. gaNatantradivasotsavaH-janavarImAsasya SaDviMzatitArikAyAM gaNatantradivasotsavaH samAruhyate / yadyapi 1947 IsavIye agastamAsasya paJcadazatArikAyAmeva svatantratAprAptirabhavat tathApi janatApratinidhinimita-saMvidhAnAnusAra gaNatantravAsanapar3hateH sthApanA 1950 IsavIye janavarImAsasya pavizatitArikAyAM samapadyata / evaM ca devAzAsanasya samagro bhAraH asmAkaM zirasi, gyapatat, dezazcArya prabhutAsampanna gaNatantraH udghoSitaH / tataH prabhUti ayamapi svatantratAdivasa-samakakSa eva dvitIya parva prAcalat / asyAstitheraparamapi mAhAtmyaM yat asyAmeva tArikAyA 1930 IsavIye lAhoranagarasya rAvItaTe kAMgresasabhAyAH adhivezanam abhavat yasmin zrIjavAharalAlaneharumahodayasya netRtve anekaH dezabhapataiH svadezaM vaidezikazAsanAt mocayituM zapathaH gRhItaH, pratijJAtaM ca yat AsvatantratAlAbhAt vayaM kSaNamapi na vidhamidhyAmaH / tatazca mahAtmAgAndhi-subhASacandrabosaprabhRtibhiH prArabdhaM svatantratAndolanaM teSAm avirataprayAsaiH asminneva divase saphalamabhavat / tataH prabhRti prativarSam utsavo'yaM pUrNena utsAhena ca bhAratavAsibhiH vidhIyate / asminnapi utsave rASTrIyadhvajottolanAdikaM tatsarvamapi saMpAdyate yat pUrvokte parvaNi vistareNa vaNitamasti / rAjadhAnyAM (dillInagare) etaddeza SaTakapradezAnI ( States ) sarveSAmapi vizeSadRzyAni ( jhAMkiyA~ ) pradazyante / zatahanIdhvanibhiH (topa dAgakara ) dezapratIkabhUtasya rASTrapateH samAdaro'pi ( salAmI ) anusstthiiyte| 3. gAndhijayantyutsavaH- bhAratIyetihAse svatantratAprAptyartha bahubhiH dezabhaktaiH vividharUpeNa prayatitam / teSu mAndhimahodayasya mUrdhanya sthAnam / saH 'bApU, 'rASTrapitA' ityAdibhiraneka: AdarasUcakaiH zabdaiH sadA dezavAsibhiH dhyapadizyate / asya mahAbhAgasya janma 1869 IzavIvasya akTUbaramAsasya dvi-tArikAyAm abhavat / basya vaiziSTaya yat satyAhiMsArUpAbhyAm eva astrAbhyAM svatantratAsaMgrAmaH praarbdhH| (32) bhagavAn zrIkRSNaH yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / iti vacanamanusRtya paJcasahasravarSapUrva ( dvAparAnte-kalerAdI) deze'smin bhagavAn zrIkRSNaH avAtarat / tadanusAraM bhAdrapadamAzi kRSNapakSe aSTamyAM tiyo lIlApuruSottamasya bhagavataH zrIkRSNasya prAdurbhAvaH abhavat / tadA prabhUtyeva adyApi janAH tasya janmotsavaM 'kRSNajanmASTamI' parvarUpeNa sotsAhaM vidati / kaMsasya svasA devakI tasya mAtA, vasudevazca pitA AstAm / anenana mahAbhAratayuddhakAle raNabhUmI arjunAya sakalazAstra sArarUpA bhagavadgItA updissttaa| dazAvatAreSu bhagavAna zrIkRSNaH pUrNakalAvatAraH manyate / kaMsasya svasuH vasudevena saha vivAhAvasare ekA AkAzavANI abhavat gat tasyAH aSTamagarbhAdutpanI bAlakaH kaMsasya ghAtako bhaviSyati / tadA asgAH bhaviSyavANyAH bhItaH kasaH sapta navajAta zizuna nirdayaM hatavAn / aSTamaH lie zrIkRSNaH kaThorakArAgAre prAdurabhavat / tadAnIM kaMsabhItI svo pitaro vijoga so'vadat -'he tAta ! gokule nandagRhe yazodAgarbhAta adhunaiva sambhUtA nAmamA samAna mAM ca tatra sthApaya / ' devaprabhAvAt pitrA vasudevena tathaiva kRtm| bAlAkA baTanAM na ko'pi majAnAt / tathAbhUte kArAgArajageyaH gopAla

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280 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ bhagavAna mahAvIraH naukAvihAraH] pariziSTa : 9: nibandha-saMgraha [ 289 avilamba tatra prApya tAmeva kanyakA yogamAyAM mArayituM pravRttaH kintu sA gaganamaNDale utsarya vyAharat - 're mUTha ! kimarthaM mAM mArayituM prayatnaM karoSi, kyavijAtaH tavAntakRt / ' zrIkRSNa: nandavezmani yazodApAyarve zuklapakSe candra iva pratidinam avardhata / yathA yathA saH avardhata tathA tathA rAjA kaMso'pi vyAkulaH abhavat / saH vividhAH bAlyalIlAH kurvan sarveSAM vizeSataH pitroH paramaharSam ajanayat / asya nAma 'kRSNaH' 'zyAma'ica abhavat kRSNavarNatvAt / bAlyakAle eva sarvAsu vidhAma astrazastrAdikalAmu ca nipuNatAM prApnot / muralIvAdane tu vizeSataH siddhahasta AsIt / tasya muralIdhvani dhutvA sarve mantramugdhAH abhavan / bAlyakAle saH pratyahaM gopaH saha yamunAmUle dhenUH acArayat / gopInAM manastu madanamohane zrIkRSNa Asaktam AmIt / 'rAdhA' tasya priyA 'sudAmA' ca sahapAThimitramAsIt / zrIkRSNa gopInA bhANDebhyaH navanItaM corayitvA pracuram asvaadyt| saH bAlyAvasthAyAmeva svavinAzAya kasena preSitAnA pUtanA-vakAsuraprabhRtInAM rAkSasAnAM badhamakarot / antatazca saH kaMsamapi hatavAn / saH mahAnItijJaH api AsIt / mahAbhArate sArathirUpeNa arjunasya sAhAyyamakarot / phalataH sarve'pi kauravAH vinAzitAH pANDavAzca vijayino'bhavan / anta tazca svarAjadhAnI dvArakApurIm aso alaskRtavAn / evaM dharmasaMsthApamAya mAnavarUpeNa lIlA samApya sa: lIlApuruSottamaH zrIkRSNaH zatAdhikaviMzatitame va mAnavazarIram atyajat / tataH prabhRtyeva deze'smin kRSNabhakta': pracAraH samabhavat / / taprabhAvAdeva manuSyayoni prApya nirvANa malabhata / ataeva siMhaH asya tIrthaGkarasya lakSma manyate / zvetAmbaraparamparAnusAraM tasya pariNayaH yathAkAlaM samapadyata / ekastamayo'pi ajAyata / kintu digambaramatena tathA sviikriyte| yazAdipu nirmakapazUnAM himA vilokya tasya hRdayaM dayAdramabhavat / ataH saH ekadA trizatvarSAvasthAyAM pitarI gRhaM ca parityajya vanamagacchat / tatra RjakUlAyAH nadyAratIre tapazcaran kevala. jAnaM (sakalapadArthasAkSAtkAri jJAnam ) alabhata / kevala zAnalAbhAnantaraM bhagavAn mahAvIraH SaTpaSTidinaM yAvan yogyaziSyamalabhamAnaH anupadizan kevalaM harat / pazcAt magadhadeze rAjagahe vipulAcalaparvate gautamanAmakam (bhagavAn gautamayuddhAdagyaH, brAhmaNo'yaM ziSyaH ) eka yogyazidhyamupalabhya tamupadizan dharmacakrapravartanamakarot / tataH paraM triMzatvarSa deza-dezAntareSu paribhraman ahiMsA-satyaacaurya-brahmacarya-aparipaharUpaM jainadharmamRpAdizat / yate yadeteSAmupadezena siMha vyAghrAdayaH hiMsAH api jantavaH hisAvRttimatyajan / antatazca vihAraprAnte 'pAvApura' nAmni sthAne kAtikakANacaturdazyAM rAtrI nirvANam ( muktim ) Apnot / etadupalakSyIkRtyaiva vIranirvANanAmakaH saMvatsaraH jainasamAje prAcalat / jainadharmAvalambinaH tataH prabhUti asyAM tithI dIpAvalI'-samaroha prativarSa sotsAha sampAdayati / tadanugAmini divase amAvasyAyAM prAtaH arcanAdimahotsavaM kurvanti / ityaM janAnAmantimastIthaMkaraH mahAvIraH karmajit, sarvajJaH, sarvadarzI ca manyate / bahuvidhamupasarga hasan asahata / ityayamupasarga vijetR-jitendriya-jim- prabhRtipadaiH vyapadizyate / yadyapi nAyaM bhagavato'vatAraH tathApi mAnavaH sannapi svaguNaH bhagavat padam ante prApnot / avApyetatpravartitaH dhArmika sampradAyaH deze'smin atimahati samAje pracalati / satyam ahiMsAvItarAgatA cAsyamusyopAyazAH / (33) bhagavAn mahAvIraH jainadharmasya supratiSThApakaH bhagavAn mahAvIra AsIt / ayaM vIra-ativIra. sanmati-vardhamAna-prabhRtisArthakanAmabhirapi prasiddhaH / itaH pUrva trayoviMzatiH jainatIrtha dUrAH samabhavan / jainabarmasva prathamapravartakaH AdinAthaH, ayaM tu antimaH saMsthApakaH / etasya mahAnubhAvaspa prAdurbhAvaH vihAra prAnte kuNDalapuranagare I0pU0600 tame varSe caitra zukle prayodazyAma bhavat / kiJcidakAlAnantaraM bauddhadharmasaMsthApako bhagavAn buddhaH samajAyata / bhagavato mahAvIrasya mAtA 'trizalA' pitA, ca rAjA siddhArthaH' AstAm / idamanAvadheyaM yadayaM siddhArthaH tannAmakA bhagavato yuddhAdanyaH / bhagavato samakAle mahAnti AzcaryANi dRSTAni / janmakAlAdeva ayaM divyajJAnavAn mahAra bAMzvAsIt / ekadA bAlyakAle anyavAlakaiH saha krIDantaM mahAvIra ko'pi sarpaH AkrAmyat kintu nirbhayaH saH tadAkramaNaM viphalamakarot / purA AdinAtha mukhAravindAt svaviSayakaM bhAvitIrtharatvaM zrutvA vRptaH saH narakAdiyAtanAmupabhujya siMhayonimApanno'pi ahiMsA dikhatabhapAlayat / anantaraM ca (34) naukA-vihAraH vyaste'smin mAnavajIvane manora kazAnaM paramAvazyakam / tasya bahUni sAdhanAni bhavituM zaknuvanti / teSu naukAvihAro'pi ekam / ekadA ahaM zaratpUrNimAyA saptabhiH mitra saha naukAvihArAya gaMgAtaTam agaccham / dAmI gaGgAyAH dRzyamatiramaNIyamAsIt / yayAnizcaya naukAvihArakAmA. vayaM naukAmekAm bArUDhavantaH / naukA adhijalaM pravahantI zanaiH zanaiH prAcalat / zItala-manda-sugandhasamIraH naH cetAMsi Ananyayat / uttiSThatsu patatsu cavaLajarUtaraGgeSu viluThata panabimba ANena vilInaM kSaNena prakaTitaM bhavati sma / IdayAM manohAri vRSaya kasma rAtamA) betaH nAhlAdayati / asmAsvanyatamaH saMgItamasomiyA sara .140

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282 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ vASpayAnayAtrA sainika zikSA ] pariziSTa : 9 : nibandha-saMgraha [ 286 tadgItaM zrutvA anyairapi sahayogibhiH yathArUci gItAni agIyanta / mayA adhyeka gItaM zrAvitam / ante nAvikenApi ekaM pItaM lokabhASAyAM gItaM yena sarve'pi mugdhAH samajAyanta / evaM parasparaM vinodayantaH, upahasantaH, sahAnItAni bhojyavastUni bAsvAdayantaH vayaM gaMgAyAH madhyabhAgaM prAptAH / tatazca evameva paTTApaTTam saMcarantaH vividhAni manoharANi tIradRzyAni apazyAm / yathA-gaMgAjale prativimvitAni vizAlabhavanAni, bhavyadevamaMdirazikharANi, taTasopAnaprabhRtIni / api ca madhye madhye vayamapi nAvaM cAlayantaH snAntInAM nagararamaNInAM, bAlakAnAM, enAmitareSAM ca jale nimajjanonmajjanasaMtaraNazobhAm avalokayantaH paramapramAdamanubhavantazca atidUramAgatAH / tadAnIM vegena vAyuH prAvahat / vAyoH vegAva naukA itastataH dolAyamAnA jaataa| sarve'pi cintAkUlA: sNjaataaH| paramozvarakRpayA nAvikasya naipuNyena ca naukA sakuzalaM tiirmaagtaa| tadanu naukAyAH avatIrya vinodasvabhAva nAvikaM nizcitAd kiJcidadhika dravyaM adaya / pazcAt naukAvihArasya abhUtapUrvamAnandamanubhUya parasparaM saMlapantaH vayaM svaM svaM gRhaM prtyaagtaaH| iva paryavekSitAH / mArga mitraiH saha vArtAlApasukhamanubhavan tAni tAni ca prAkRtikadRSyAni pazvan, azyan pivaMzca sukhena yAtrAmakaravam / itthaM vASpayAnamapi madhye anekAni virAmasthAnAni parityajada yatra kutra kizcitkSaNAnAM kRte viramat ca dillInagaraM prApnot / dillI prApya vAppayAnAntare saMpraviSTAH vayam / tasminnapi pracalati diSTyA yAtripu eko gAyakaH AsIt yaH manohArINi gItAni zrAvitavAn / anantaraM ca pracalitaM kamapi rAjanItiviSayamadhikRtya rocakaH vArtAlApaH prArabdhaH yena samayaH avidita iva sukhena bApitaH / tadaiva ciTikAnirIkSako'pi prakoSThAbhayanta ramAgatya ciTikAH nirIkSitumArabdhavAn / kecana yAtriNa: ciTikA-vihInAH yathAvidhi daNDitAH / evaM krameNa vayaM yathAsamayaM nainItAla prAptAH / prakoSThAd yAvada nissarAmi tAvad patrapreSaka mitramAsAdya tenaiva saha tasya sthAnamagaccham / sthAnIyAni manoharANi prAkRtikadRzyAni pazyato mama manaH na tRptimavApnoda, tathApi kAMzcit divasAn tatra ativAhya avakAzAvasAne anicchannapi punaH vArANasI pratyAgataH / ( 35 ) vASpayAna-yAtrA ( rela-yAtrA) sA madhurA smRtiH adyApi nUtanA eva / jUnamAsasya prathamatArikA AsIt badA ahaM kasyacit mitrasya eka patra nainItAlamAgantuM prAptAvAn / parIkSAM samASya yAtrAyAH vicAraH mayA nirdhAritaH / yAtrAsamutsuko'haM sarvANi AvazyakavastUni saMcitya bhAravAhakena saha sAyaM paJcavAdanavelAyo relapracatvare (pleTaphArma ) prAmaH / tatra vASpayAnaM pratIkSamANAnAM janAnAM mahAn saMmaH AsIt / tadAnIM vizvavidyAlayAvakAze mama kAnicit mitrANi api sammilitAni abhavan / teSAmekatamena mitreNa ciTikAvikrayAlayam (TikiTaghara ) upagamba dvitIya zreNyAH ciTikAH (TikiTeM ) AnItAH / nizcitasamayAt paJcadazakSaNAnantaraM dhUmamudvamat mahAntaM ninAdaM ca kurvat vASpayAnaM samAgatam, pracatvarapAveM ca saMlagnam / janAkIrNasyApi vASpayAnasya avataratA janAnAM pracuratayA macireNaiva kecana prakoSThAH riktAH abhavan / ahaM svamitraiH saha ekaprakoSThAbhyantaraM gavAkSopakaNThaM samucitaM sthAnaM labdhavAn / tatra AsanapaTTe ( varSa) viSTaraM (vistara ) vistAritavAn / kizcitkSaNAnantaraM gacchati vApayAne bahiH varSArambho'pi (36) sainikazikSA kasyApi svatantra rASTrasya svatantratArakSaNAya sainikazikSAyAH AvazyakatA na kenApi apahnotuM zakyate / senA rASTram, zAsakam, prajAzca ApadbhyaH rakSati / prAcIna bhAratIyazAstreSu vividhAH zaktayaH mnynte-'prbhaavotsaahmNtrjaaH'| tatra prathamAyAH de aGga-kozo balaM (sainyam ) c| prAcInakAlAdeva rAjyasya saptA5 (svAmyamAtyasuhRtkoSarASTradurgabalAni '-amarakoSaH) senAyAH pramukha sthAnam / tasyAH AvazyakatA na kevalaM yuddhAya apitu balabuddhayoH vikAsAya, udyogAdhyavasAyayoH saMrakSaNAya, utsAhavardhanAya, hInatAbhAvanotsAraNAya sukhazAnti. mayajIvanayApanAya ca bhavati / vartamAnakAle yadA sarve'pi duHkhadainyabhayAkrAntAH, samarAzaMkAkulitAH abalokyante sainyazaktivardhanameva samAdhAnam / sainyazaktivardhanAya sainikazikSAyAH vipularAjakozasya ca AvazyakatA bhavati / saMsAre sarvatra matsyanyAyasya sAmrAjya pridRshyte| sattveSvadhika: UnaM zAsti / samRddha rASTrama arthakRzaM prabhavati / ataH addha saMrakSaNakAmAH sarve dezAH astrazastranirmANe sainikazikSApradAne kozavardhane ca anavarataM prytnte| bhAratasyopari tu cIna-pAkistAnaprabhRtayo dezAH satataH bubhukSitakavat karadRSTiM nikSipanti / tasmAt svatantratArakSaNAya mAtAmA pat h sainikazikSA anivAryA aaptitaa| viSTayA bhArata dezanAyakAH gayA. prAcalat tadA bahiH sthitAH pAzrvavartinaH pAdapAH api viparIta dizAyAM dhAvantaH

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284 ] saMskRta-pravezikA [ samAcArapatram ssanti / paJcavarSIyayojanAsu mainikazikSAparivardhanAya astrazastranirmANAya ca vizeSasvAnaM pradattam / adya bhagavan mahAvIra-buddha-gAndhiprabhRtibhirupadiSTA ahiMsAnItiH sadA evaM caritAryA bhaviSyati yadA vayaM zaktisampanaH bhavema / anyathA durbalAnAM kRte sA hAsyAya eva / ahiMsA siddhAntataH ramyA bhavennAma kintu vyavahAre daurvasyaprakAzikaiva / yuddha vinA na zaktinirNayaH, zakti vinA na rakSA saMbhavati, rakSA dinA sukhazAntimamRddhivikAsAsambhavaH / tasmAt anicchato'pi.yaddham aparihArya / jJAnavijJAna-sabhyatAnAM caramotkarSe'pi pAktiprAdhAnyam akSuNNam / sAmprataM tasyaiva bezasya DiNDimaghoSaH ( bolavAlA ) yaH sainikadRSTyA susampannaH samRddhAzcAsti / zaktyabhAve ahiMsAvAdaH pAktihInatAtirodhAnAya kavacamAtram / niHzastrIkaraNasya vizvazAntisthApanAyAzca prastAvau tasyaiva dezasya zobhete yaH sainyasamRddhisampannaH, na ce durbalasya / yathoktam zaktiH sabalatA yatra, kSamA tatraiva zomate / sA nirbale tu hAsyAya, visshiinbhujnggvt.|| sainikazikSA kevalaM pustakIyazikSA nAsti apitu sainikazikSAyAm anu. zAsanam zArIrikasaMghaTanam, dezabhaktiH, zatraSu pratizodhabhAvanA, dezArya prANaparityAgasaMkalpaH, buddhimattA, jAgarUkatA ityAdayaH sarve'pi apekSyate / rASTra tAvaccharIram, susainikAstu karacaraNakalpAvayavAH iti / samAcArapatram ] pariziSTa : 9 : nibandha-saMgraha [285 samAcArapatraM pracalitamAsIt / bhAratavarSe tu mugalasAmrAjyakAle hastalikhitaM 'saMvAdapatra' kevalaM zAsanAdhikAriSu prayuktamAsIt / pazcAd AgateSu gaurAGgaSu batra 1740 khiNTAgde 'iNDiyA-gajaTa' mAmanam Aga labhASApatraM sarvaprathama prArabhata / hindIbhASAyAH prathama patraM 'samAcAradarpaNa' nAmnA prakAzita mabhavat / zanaiH dAnaH zikSAprasAreNa sahaiva patra-patrikAyAM tatvAThakAnAM ca saMkhyA drutamaparvata / idAnIM samastabhUmaNDala samAcArapatraH parityAptam / na kApi bhASA yasyAM smaacaarptraabhaavH| samAcArapatrANi bahuvidhAni / yathA-prakAzanakAlabhedena-dainika-ardhadainikasAptAhika-ardhasAptAhika-pAkSika-mAsika-traimAsika-pANmAsika-badhikANiH viSaya. bhedena-rAjanIti-dharma-darzana-vANi jyA digocarANi; bhASAbhedena-hindI-aMgrejIbaMgalA-prabhRtisaMbandhIni api samAcArapatrANi bhidyante / pAkSika-mAsika-traimAsikA. dipatrANAM kecana sAptAhikapatrANAM ca parigaNanA na samAcArapatreSu kintu patrikA ( Magazines ) kriyate, teSu samAcArApekSayA lekhabAhulyAt / samAcArapatreSu samAcArasya prAdhAnyaM bhavati / yadyapi tatrApi vividhaviSayakAH vicArAH, nibandhAH, vijJApanAdayazca prakAzyante tathApi teSAM praNApradaH samAcAra eva / / samAcArapatrANAmaneke lAbhAssanti / yathA-1. yatra kutrApi sthito mAnavaH saMsArasya sarvavidhAn navInatamasamAcArAn vijAnAti / 2. sevAvRtti-vivAhavyavasAyAdiviSayaka: vijJApana: pAThakAH lAbhAnvitAH bhavanti / 3. samAcArapatrANi janatA-samAja-zAsakAdInAM parasparavicAravinimayasAdhanAni bhavanti / samAcArapatradvArA samasyAnAM samAdhAnam, manogatabhAvAnAM prakAzanam, adhikAridhyAnAkarSaNaM ca saMpadyate / 4. rASTriyabhAvanAyAH udbodhanam, sabhyatAyAH saMskRtatezca pracAraH, sAhityika-samIkSA, parIkSAphalAdighoSaNA, lokamatAkalanam, janamata nirmANam, janamanoraJjanam, sUcanAprasAraH evaMvidhAni bahUni kAryANi samAcArapatra samyak prasAdhyante / samAcArapatrANAM yathopariNitAH lAbhAH tathA hAnabo'pi bahavidhAH / tadyathA1. mithyAsamAcArANAM prasAraNama, 2. satyasaMgopanama, 3. jaghanyasvArthasAdhanam, 4. azlIla vijJApanAdibhiH samAjasya adhaHpAtanam, 5. dezahitapratikUlasamAcAraprakAzanam, 6. pakSapAtapUrNa samAlocanAdibhiH pArasparikavidveSavarddhanam, 7. kutsitavAtAvaraNanima Nim ityAdayaH / vastutastu neme samAcArapatrANAM doSAH kintu tadadhikAri-zAsanAdijanitAH / doSaparimArjanAya sampAdakaH saMvAdadAtRbhiH adhikAribhizca nidoSaH nirbhIkaiH satyapraNayibhizca bhASyam, yena samAcArapatra tathyameva prakAzayet, na tu viparItam / (37) samAcArapatram aba samAcArapatraM mAnavAya tathaivAvazyakaM yathA tasya jIvanayApanAya annaM vastraM ca / 'manuSyaH sAmAjikaH prANI' iti saH samAjasya dezavidezayozca sarvavidhaM vRttam avagantuM madaiva svabhAvataH samutsuko bhavati / mAnavasya imo pravRtti pUrayitumeva / samAcArapatrasya janma abhavat / sarvatra pratikSaNaM ghaTamAnAnA vRttAnAM vistRtarUpeNa zAnaM samAcArapatrAdeva dvAg bhavitumarhati / adhunA ya: saMsArasyodantAn na jAnAti saH mUrkhaH kUpamaNDUko vA mnyte| saMsAraH sarvakSetreSu kSipraM parivartate / ataH yo navInatamaghaTanA ( Latest developments)-anabhijJAtaH saH jIvanayAtrAyAM samIhitAM saphalatAM nAdhigacchati / evam adya mAnavajIvane satyati dUradarzanayantra samAcArapatrANAM mahatI upayogitA asti| samAcArapatrANAmitihAsaH nAtiprAcInaH / sarvaprathamaM yUropamahAdeze iTalIdezasya 'venisa'-nagare SoDazazatAbyAM samAcArapatra prAdurabhavat / tataH paraM amanI-iMglaiNDaprabhRtidezeSu asya prasArI'bhavat / dhUyate yat cInadeze ekAdA zatAbdyAmeva

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286 ] saMskRta-pravezikA pustakasya AtmakathA kathamapi kasyApi hAtikaraM tayyaM na prakAzayet / zAsakaiH samAcArapatrebhyaH pUrNasvatantratA pradeyA, nammAgeM bAdhAzca na kathamapi upasthApanIyAH / tadaiva samAjasya, dezasya, saMsArasya ca kalyANaM sampatsyate / (38) pustakasya AtmakathA ekadA pustakAdhyayanAnantaraM yadAhaM cintAmagnaH Asam tadA tat jorNapustaka mAm avadat-saumya ! ki me jIrNAGgAni dhyAyati bhavAn / nedaM me prAktana rUpam yato ahamapi purA purovartisajAtIya-nUtanapustakatulyameva Asam kintu daivadurvipAkAda idAnIm etAdRzIm asvathAM nItaH / ataH cintayAmi te hi me divasAH gatAH' iti / tathApi mamaivAya mahimA yena jaDA: api udbuddhAH bhavanti, nirdhanAH api dhanino bhavanti, dInAH api sukhinaH saMjAyante / yataH madadhyayanAt vidhAlAbho bhavati / vidyayA ca vinayAdiprAptiH yayoktama anekasaMzayocchedi parokSArthasya darzakam / navasya locanaM zAstraM yasya nAstyandha eva saH / / vidyA dadAti vinayaM vinayAdyAti pAtratAm / pAtratvAd dhanamApnoti dhanAddharmaH tataH sukham // sahRdayo'si cen bhRgu mametihAsam sarvaprathamaM mama pUrvajasvarUpaM gurUccAraNAnUccAraNAtmakam AsIt / na ko'pi bhotikA AdhAraH AsIt, smRtireva kevalaM sAdhanam / iyam avyaktA avasthA / kizcitakAlAnantaraM mama pUrvajAnAm AdhibhautikagAtrANi zilAmRttikA-tarutvApAdirUpeNa abhivyktimaapnnaani| pazcAt teSAM kalevarANi tAladalabhUrjatvaGmayAni ca saMvRttAni / adyApi tAni rUpANi kvacit kvacidapi upalabhyante yAni dRSTvA manaH nitAntamAnandamanubhavati / patrAtmakam idAnIntane mamarUpaM anoharataram / adhidaivika zarIraM tu sadaiva sarasvatIrUpeNa apUjyata / tatra bhArate sarvaprathama mabhopari brAhmI lipirUpeNa varNAnAM prayogaH prArabhata / pazcAt krameNa devanAgarI lipiH vikasitA abhavad yasyAH idAnIM bAhulyena pracAraH avalokyate / yathA mAnavazarIram avasthAbhedena parivartate tathaiva mamedaM zarIramapi kAlakrameNa parivartitam, idAnIM jINaM ca sajAtam / idAnIM mama AtmakathA vizeSataH zRNu-itaH zataM varSANi prAk ekadA mumbaImudraNAlaye kAgadapatrANAmupari devanAgarI lipI supariSkRtaM vartamAna pustakAkAraM me zarIraM vinirmitam / tato nirgatya ahaM pustakavikretuH ApaNikasya hastaM praapitm| saH mAm anyaH bhrAtRbhiH saha kASThamaNDUSAyAmAsthApayat / gate bahutiye kAle kazcana, bhadrapuruSaH mA saharSam avalokayan svagRham anayat / kAlapariNAmasya durihAryavAda idAnIM mama IduzI dazA sampannA / manye atraiva AyuHzeSaM yaapyaami|