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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI julAI, 1992 zodha-patrikA jANujjIvo jovo jaivaviyAnIkI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI arddhavArSika zodha-patrikA julAI, 1992 sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina zrI tArAcandra jaina zrI jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA prabandha sampAdaka zrI kapUracanda pATanI maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. gopIcanda pATanI sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, zrImahAvIrajI ( rAjasthAna)
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________________ vArSika mUlya : 40.00 ru. sAmAnyataH 75.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu phoToTAipa saiTiMga : kaoNmprinTa, jayapura mudraka : jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. ema. AI. roDa, jayapura-1
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________________ viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. viSaya pR. saM. adhyakSIya prakAzakIya sampAdakIya (iii) lekhaka nareza kumAra seThI kapUracanda pATanI kamalacanda saugANI jJAnacanda khindUkA gopIcanda pATanI DaoN. zambhUnAtha pANDeya mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. indrabahAdura siMha DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA 25 30 31 kavi nayanandi DaoN. siyArAma tivArI mahAkavi svayaMbhU 36 DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' 37 49 1. apabhraMza kI viziSTa vidhA dohA meM loka saMpRkti 2. phagguNa-mAsu pavoliya tAvehi~ 3. apabhraMza sAhitya meM prakRti-varNana 4. apabhraMza ke katipaya kAvyarUpa . aura unakA hindI para prabhAva 5. mukku giMbhaNAmeM saro 6. apabhraMza ke kucha prAGmadhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya 7. jaM pAusa-Narindu galagajjiu 8. apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvalI aura unakA artha-abhiprAya 1. apabhraMza ke avasAna ke do kavi 10. apabhraMza kAvya kA chandovivecana 11. paumacariu-svayaMbhU kA bimbavidhAna 12. meM sarayahA~ AgamaNe 13. svayaMbhUchanda : eka vizleSaNa 14. saMpattau vAsArattu tAMva 15. NAyakumAracariu kA chaMda 16. nIla palAsa ratta huya kisuya 17. yogIndu muni 18. varisai ghaNohu acchinnadhAru 19. sandeza-rAsaka--kAvyavidhA aura vizleSaNa 20. kIrtilatA meM yuyutsA kA varNana 21. apabhraMza kathA saurabha 22. praur3ha apabhraMza racanA saurabha 65 70 71 82 83 DaoN. kAntikumAra jaina DaoN. vinItA jozI DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. gadAdharasiMha mahAkavi puSpadanta DaoN. rAmabarana pAThaka mahAkavi vIra DaoN. vAsudevasiMha mahAkavi vIra DaoN. trilokInAtha premI DaoN. vI. DI. hegar3e DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI DaoN. kamalacanda saugANI 96 97 106 107 117 123 133
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________________ adhyakSIya apabhraMza sAhitya aura bhASA ke adhyetAoM ke samakSa apabhraMza - bhAratI kA dvitIya aMka saharSa prastuta hai / rASTrabhASA hindI va prAntIya bhASAoM ke lie Avazyaka hai unakI 'mUla prakRti ko jAnanA / hindI meM apabhraMza kI prANadhArA avicchinna rUpa meM pravAhita hai / hindI mukhyataH apabhraMza kI jIvanta paramparA ko lekara Age bar3hI hai| yathArthataH apabhraMza lagabhaga sabhI Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI jananI hai / lokajIvana kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM jisa para apabhraMza bhASA meM na likhA gayA ho / apabhraMza sAhitya ke sAMskRtika mahatva ko samajhate hue hI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kI sthApanA kI gaI / bhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko dizA pradAna karane ke lie apabhraMza racanA saurabha, apabhraMza kAvya saurabha, pAhuDa dohA cayanikA Adi pustakeM prakAzita kI gaI / apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama va apabhraMza DiplomA pAThyakrama vidhivata niHzulka calAye jA rahe haiM / patrAcAra apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama akhila bhAratIya stara para prAraMbha kara diyA gayA hai / vidvAnoM dvArA kiye jA rahe apabhraMza sAhitya ke maMthana ko 'apabhraMza bhAratI' meM prakAzana kI vyavasthA karanA hama apanA kartavya samajhate haiM / prastuta aMka meM vidvAnoM dvArA sAhityika evaM saiddhAntika dRSTiyoM se vicAra prastuta kiye gaye haiM / jina vidvAnoM ne apanI racanAyeM bhejakara isa aMka ke prakAzana meM yogadAna diyA hama unake AbhArI haiM / patrikA ke sampAdaka, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAdArha haiM / (i) narezakumAra seThI adhyakSa prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI
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________________ prakAzakIya apabhraMza bhAratI kA dvitIya aMka pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / yaha nirvivAda hai ki apabhraMza bhArata kI sazakta bhASA rahI hai / vibhinna kaviyoM ne janatA meM laukika evaM pAralaukika mUlyoM ko sthApita karane ke lie aneka / bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI vidhAoM meM kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / karIba 1000 varSa taka apabhraMza sAhitya ne bhAratIya samAja kA mArgadarzana kiyA hai / AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlya bhAratIya samAja ke AdhAra rahe haiM / jaba taka samAja meM mUlyoM kI cetanA saghana rahatI hai taba taka samAja vikAsa kI ora agrasara hotA rahatA hai| yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hogA ki mUlyoM ko prANavanta banAe rakhane meM apabhraMza sAhitya kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai / isa sAhitya ne mAnava samAja meM naitikatA - mAnavatA - karuNA, ahiMsA - aparigraha Adi ke mUlyoM ko sthApita karane meM sajagatA pradarzita kI hai / yaha kahanA yuktiyukta hai ki hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa kI AdikAlIna madhyayugIna pravRttiyoM kA pradhAna preraNA-srota apabhraMza sAhitya rahA hai / apabhraMza kI adhikAMza racanAe~ sAhityika sarasatA se bharapUra haiM / kAvyarUpoM aura _haraSayoM ke adhyayana ke lie rASTrabhASA hindI va AryabhASAoM ke vikAsa krama ke jJAna ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya kI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai / 'apabhraMza bhAratI' patrikA kA prakAzana apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke punarutthAna ke lie uThAyA gayA eka kadama hai / isa aMka meM apabhraMza sAhitya ke vividha pakSoM para vidvAna lekhakoM ne apane vicAra prastuta kie haiM / una sabhI lekhakoM ke prati hama AbhArI haiM / isa aMka ke prakAzana evaM mudraNa meM sahayogI akAdamI ke kAryakartA, sampAdakagaNa va jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. dhanyavAdArha haiM / (ii) kapUracanda pATanI maMtrI prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI
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________________ sampAdakIya bhArata vibhinna bhASAoM kA deza hai / yahA~ ati prAcInakAla se hI sAMskRtika abhivyakti ke lie lokabhASA meM sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai / jIvana ke vividha mUlyoM ke prati janatA ko jAgRta karanA aura lokajIvana ke vividha pakSoM ko lokabhASA meM abhivyakta karanA - ye donoM hI bAteM mahattvapUrNa samajhI jAtI rahI haiM / lokabhASA meM hI jana-cetanA kI hRdayasparzI abhivyakti hotI hai / apanI vyaktigata anubhUti ke mAdhyama se sAhityakAra jana-cetanA meM naye tattvoM kA praveza karAne ke lie lokabhASA ko cunakara usameM sAMskRtika prANoM kA saMcAra karatA hai / ___ 'veda' lokabhASA meM racita grantha haiM / mahAvIra aura buddha ke yuga meM tathA usake pazcAt bhI lokabhASA meM sAhitya-nirmANa hotA rahA / prAkRta mahAvIra, buddha aura unake Asa-pAsa ke lAkhoM logoM kI mAtRbhASA rahI hai / kucha zatAbdiyoM taka prAkRta meM vibhinna prakAra kA sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA / ___ yaha eka vAstavikatA hai ki lokabhASA badalatI rahatI hai aura jo badalatI rahatI hai vahI lokabhASA hotI hai / dhIre-dhIre 'apabhraMza bhASA' ke rUpa meM naI lokabhASA panapI / - apabhraMza apane samaya kI viziSTa lokabhASA banI / vaha lokajIvana se sIdhe udbhUta huI thii| usameM lokajIvana kI dhar3akaneM thIM / navInatA kA aisA cArutva, sahajatA kA aisA saundarya jo pichalI sabhI prAcIna-madhya bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM-chAndas, saMskRta, pAli, prAkRta ko cunautI de rahA thaa| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM apabhraMza bhASA sAhityika abhivyakti ke lie eka sazakta mAdhyama bana gaI / apabhraMza meM sAhitya-racanA 7vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI taka hotI rahI / isa taraha se eka hajAra varSa taka isa bhASA meM sAhitya-nirmANa hotA rahA / svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, dhanapAla, vIra, nayanandi, kanakAmara, joindu, rAmasiMha, hemacandra, raidhU Adi apabhraMza bhASA ke amara sAhityakAra haiM / isakA prakAzita-aprakAzita vipula sAhitya isake vikAsa kI gauravamayI gAthA kahane meM samartha hai / DaoN. cATuA ke anusAra - zaurasenI apabhraMza rASTrabhASA bana gaI thI / pazcima se pUrva taka usI kA prayoga hotA thA / - sAhityarUpoM kI vividhatA aura varNita viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya bar3A hI samRddha aura manohArI hai / apabhraMza ke kavi sAhitya-cetanA ke prati itane saceta the, janatA kI cittavRttiyoM ko pakar3ane meM itane jAgarUka the ki unhoMne prAyaH sabhI vidhAoM meM apanI racanAe~ dI / purANa, mahApurANa, carita, kathA, kahAnI, vArtA, AkhyAyikA, rAsaka, lIlAkAvya, beli, latAkAvya, phAgu, carcarI, maMgala, vivAhalo, kakka, mAtRkA, bAvanI, vipramatIsI, pa~vAr3A, dohAkoza, paddhar3iyAbaMdha yA kar3avakabandha, geyapadabandha, gadyarUpa Adi vividha vidhAoM meM racanA kI / gadya kI apekSA padya kI sapreSaNIyatA adhika mukhara hotI hai / padya kA hRdayatatva ke sAtha tAdAtmya bhI zIghra ho jAtA hai / chanda bhAvoM ko AcchAdita kara unake saundaryavarddhana meM sahAyaka hote haiM / unakA layAtmaka vaiziSTya sampreSaNIyatA va kAvyAnanda donoM kI abhivaddhi (iii)
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________________ karatA hai / chanda kAvya kA Avazyaka upAdAna hai / svayaMbhU ne apabhraMza chandoM kA saMkSipta kintu prAmANika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / 'svayaMbhUcchanda' aisA grantha hai jo apanI saMkSiptatA ke bAvajUda viSaya ke sAtha pUrNa nyAya karatA hai / DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne apabhraMza- sAhitya meM tIna prakAra ke bandhoM kI carcA kI hai| unake anusAra mukhya bandha tIna haiM - (i) dohA bandha, (ii) paddhar3iyA bandha aura (iii) geyapada bandha / dohA yA dUhA apabhraMza kA apanA chanda hai / yaha muktaka aura prabandhakAvya donoM meM samAdRta hai| siddhakaviyoM kA 'bauddhagAna o dohA', sarahapA kRta 'dohAkoza', kaNhapA kA 'dohAkoza', tilopA kA 'dohAkoza' Adi ullekhanIya haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne to ise isake pUre vaibhava ke sAtha ubhAr3A / devasena kA 'sAvayadhamma dohA', joindu kA paramappayAsu (paramAtmA prakAza) va yogasAra, rAmasiMha kA 'pAhuDadohA', munimahacanda kA 'dohApAhur3a', sandarbhagarbhita 'hemacandra ke dohe' tathA muMz2a (rAso) ke dohe apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke akSaya svarNakoSa haiM / " vidvAn lekhakoM ne isa aMka meM inhIM sAhityarUpoM kI vividhatA evaM apabhraMza ke kaviyoM dvArA varNita viSaya-vastu kA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vicAra kiyA hai / yathA "paumacariu meM paMcendriya (rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura sparza) bimboM ke eka se eka uttama nidarzana bhare par3e haiM jinakA vivecana svataMtra zodha kA viSaya hai / kahanA na hogA ki 'paumacariu' meM mahAkavi svayaMbhU dvArA vinivezita sabhI bimba unakI cittAnukUlatA se AzliSTa haiM isalie citrAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI atizaya bhavya aura ramaNIya ataeva rasanIya haiM / " "apabhraMza kAvya meM prakRti-citraNa Alambana aura uddIpana donoM hI rUpoM meM huA hai / mahAkAvyoM meM svataMtra prakRti-varNana milatA hai, khaNDakAvya meM yatra-tatra / SaDRtu kA varNana kAvya meM saMyogasukha yA virahaduHkha ko tIvratara dikhAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai / " "jasaharacariu meM zukoM kA kSetroM meM cuganA, gauoM kA ikSukhaNDa khAte hue vicaraNa karanA, vRSabha kA garjana aura jIbha se gau kA cATanA, bhaiMsoM kA mantharagati se calanA, prapApAlikA bAlikAoM kA pAnI pilAte -pilAte apanA sundara mukhacandra dikhAkara pathikoM ko lubhA lenA Adi sabakA bar3A svAbhAvika varNana huA hai / sUryodaya kA varNana bhI kavi ne bar3A sajIva kiyA hai / " jina vidvAn lekhakoM ne apane mahattvapUrNa lekhoM se isa aMka ke kalevara nirmANa meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai una sabhI ke hama AbhArI haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI isa prakAra ke sahayoga kI apekSA karate haiM / saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakarttAoM ke prati bhI AbhArI haiM / mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li., jayapura bhI dhanyavAdArha haiM / (iv) kamalacanda sogANI jJAnacandra bindUkA gopIcanda pATanI
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________________ apagraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 apabhraMza kI viziSTa vidhA dohA meM lokasaMpRkti * DaoN. zambhUnAtha pANDeya 'apabhraMza apane samaya kI viziSTa lokabhASA thI / vaha lokajIvana se sIdhe udbhUta huI thii| usameM lokajIvana kI dhar3akaneM thIM / usakI bhAvanAeM thIM / usake umaMga-utsAha the / sAhasa aura zaurya the / vIratA aura bahAdurI thI / prema-zRMgAra thaa| nIti aura dharma thA / yaha saba-kucha, kucha aisA thA jaise jIvana kA sotA phUTa nikalA ho, jisameM sahaja vega ho / svataHsphUrta pravAha ho| unmukta saMcaraNa ho / navInatA kA aisA cArutva, sahajatA kA aisA saundarya jo pichalI sabhI prAcIna-madhya bhAratIya AryabhASAoM-chAndasa-saMskRta, pAli, prAkRta ko cunautI de rahA thA / apabhraMza kI lalakAra kI tevara meM jo bala thA vaha aura kucha nahIM, usakI lokasaMkti thI / lokajIvana se pragAr3ha lagAva thA / gaharA prema-bhAva thA / 'apabhraMza' zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM koI matabheda nahIM rahA, kyoMki vaha lokasaMlagna thA / apabhraMza arthAt bhraSTa, cyuta, skhalita, vikRta athavA azuddha / bhASA ke sAmAnya mAnadaMDa se jo zabda-rUpa cyuta ho, ve apabhraMza haiM / amarakoza, vizvaprakAza, medinI, anekArthasaMgraha, vizvalocana, zabda-ratna samanvaya, zabdakalpadama tathA saMskRta-zabdArtha-kaustubha Adi sabhI saMskRta kozagraMthoM meM apabhraMza zabda kA artha 'bigar3A huA zabda' athavA 'bigar3e hue zabdoMvAlI bhASA' hI pAyA jAtA hai - apabhraMzo'pazabdaH syAt / 'zabdaH saMskArahIno yo gauriti prayuyukSite / tamapabhraMzamicchanti viziSTArtha nivezinama' zabda-saMskAra se hIna zabdoM kA nAma apabhraMza hai| para isake sAtha paM. candradhara zarmA gulerI jI ne jisa artha kI ora saketa kiyA usa para kisI ne vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA jo adhika dhyAtavya hai / unhoMne apabhraMza kA artha 'nIce ko bikharanA' batAyA / unhoMne isako lokajIvana-janajIvana
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 ke gahare sambandha se anAyAsa jor3ate hue likhA ki - dezI aura kucha nahIM, bA~dha se bacA huA pAnI hai yA vaha jo nadI-mArga para calA AyA, bA~dhA na gayA / use bhI kabhI-kabhI chAnakara nahara meM le liyA jAtA thA / bA~dha kA jala bhI risatA-risatA idhara milatA A rahA thA / pAnI bar3hane se nadI kI gati vega se nimnAbhimukhI huI, usakA 'apabhraMza' (nIce ko bikharanA) hone lgaa|' isa kathana para yadi thor3I gaharAI ke sAtha vicAra kiyA jAya to isake bIja-bindu lokavAdI muni pataJjali (150 I. pUrva) ke usa kathana meM bhI milate haiM, jisake udAharaNa ke sabhI zabda lokajIvana, grAmINa saMskRti ke haiM / unhoMne yaha bhI saMketa diyA ki ziSTa zabda yadi eka hai to pyAra ke pravAha meM pAnI kI taraha sarakanevAle apabhraMza zabda aneka / isalie ki unameM lokajIvana kI jIvantatA hai / unhoMne likhA - 'bhUyAMso'pazabdAH, alpIyAMsaH zabdA iti / ekaikasya hi zabdAsya bahavo'pabhraMzAH tadyathA gaurityasya zabdasya gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotalikA, ityevama, dayo'pabhraMzAH yAni 'gau jaise ziSTa zabda ke lie gAvI, goNI, gotA, gopotalikA Adi aneka apabhraMza zabda haiM / gau kRSi jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai / vaha kRSakoM kA Arthika AdhAra hI nahIM, sabhyatA aura saMskRti bhI hai / 'go dhana' ke rUpa meM yadi kisAnoM kA koSa hai to 'godAna' gomAtA ke rUpa meM usakI saMskRti / aura yaha kisAnI-carAgAhI saMskRti apabhraMza kI vaha vizeSatA hai jisakA bhAvAtmaka vikAsa hama madhyakAlIna mahAkavi sUra se lekara Adhunika kAla ke 'godAna' taka dekha sakate haiM / isa gau saMskRti ne apabhraMza kAla meM hI nahIM hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla kI sAmaMtI-jakar3abandI ko tor3akara unmuktatA, svataMtratA evaM khulI bhUmi meM sA~sa lenA sikhAyA thA / kRSNa naMda grAma kI sAmaMtI sImA se bAhara nikalakara gvAla-bAloM ke sAtha yaha kahakara bAhara nikala jAte haiM ki - 'Aju maiM gAI carAvana jaiho aura lokasaMpRkta ho jAte haiM / 'apabhraMza aise hI lokajIvana kisAnI-carAgAhI saMskRti kI bhASA thI / daNDI ne isa marmatathya ko ThIka hI samajhA thA / unhoMne apane 'kAvyAdarza' meM likhA ki - kAvyoM meM AbhIra Adi kI bhASA ko apabhraMza nAma se jAnA jAtA hai - 'AbhIrAdigiraH kAvyeSvapabhraMza iti smRtaa'|' isake bhI bahuta pahale nATyazAstrakAra bharata muni ne 'AbhIrokti kaha kara ise saMbodhita kiyA thA / usameM 'Adi' zabda vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / ise gurjara yA aisI hI anya jAtiyoM se hI na jor3a kara loka yA janasAmAnya se jor3anA cAhie / DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara ne ThIka hI likhA hai"koI eka jAti kisI bhASA, vizeSatayA apabhraMza jaisI vyApaka bhASA kA nirmANa nahIM kara sktii| AbhIra aura gurjara zabdoM kA prayoga lAkSaNika artha meM kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai, AbhIra aura gurjara se sAmAnya jana-samudAya kA artha liyA jAnA ucita lagatA hai jo laukika kavitA ko adhika prema se par3hate hoMge" / ' AcAryoM aura kaviyoM ke kathanoM se bhI.vaha dezabhASA, lokabhASA, janabhASA hI siddha hotI hai / AcArya rudraTa ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra' 2-12 meM 'SaSTho'tra bhUribhedo dezavizeSAdapabhraMzaH' kahakara use dezabhASA batAyA / apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne apanI 'rAmAyaNa-paumacariu 1' meM 'desI bhASA-ubhaya taDujjala' tathA dUsare mahAkavi 'puSpadaMta ne apane mahApurANa,1-8 meM 'Nau hau~ homI viyakkhaNu Na muNami lakkhaNu chaMdu desI Na viyANami' apabhraMza ko lokasaMpRkti kI bhASA hone kI muhara lagA dI hai / isa prakAra DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI ke isa kathana se koI bhI asahamata nahIM ho sakatA ki - apabhraMza bhAratIya Arya-parivAra kI eka susamRddha lokabhASA rahI hai / isakA prakAzita-aprakAzita vipula sAhitya isake vikAsa kI gauravamayI gAthA kahane meM samartha hai / svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta, dhanapAla, vIra, nayanandi, kanakAmara, joindu, rAmasiMha, hemacaMdra, raidhU, Adi apabhraMza bhASA ke amara sAhityakAra haiM / koI bhI deza va saMskRti inake AdhAra se
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 apanA mastaka U~cA rakha sakatI hai / kahanA nahIM hai ki apabhraMza apanI pattharaphor3a zakti, Atmabala, janabala kA sahArA letI huI, paramparA se rasa khIMcatI huI, apane ko pracArita-prasArita karatI huI, Age bar3hatI calI gaI aura bhAratavarSa kI eka sazaktatama sAhityika bhASA bana gayI / loka, dharma, zAsana sabhI ne ise gale se lagA liyA / vividha vidhAe~ kavi yA racanAkAra kI ramaNIya zAbdika AtmAbhivyakti kAvya-vidhAoM kA mUla hai / yaha abhivyakti jJAna, bhAvanA aura saMkalpa, ina tIna mUlabhUta manovRttiyoM se jur3I hotI hai / racanAkAra sAdhAraNa prANiyoM kI apekSA adhika saMvedanazIla hotA hai / usake pAsa anubhati, va aura usake pratipAdana kI viziSTa kSamatA hotI hai / nAnArUpAtmaka jagata kI paristhitiyA~, ghaTanAeM, utthAna-patana, pratikriyAyeM bhI vividhAtmaka hotI haiM / ye racanAkAra ko prabhAvita karatI haiM aura racanAkAra bhI apanI kSamatA, zakti, pratibhA tathA vidhAyikA zakti se vividha vidhAoM meM viSaya kA sundara citraNa kara samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hai / samAja ke manoraMjana, jJAnavarddhana aura saMskAra ke lie ye kAvya-vidhAe~ acUka sAdhana siddha hotI haiM / isa prakAra viSayavastuoM, bhAvoM aura vicAroM ne kAvya meM jo AkAra, rUpa, yojanApaddhati dhAraNa kI vaha vividha sAhityika vidhAoM ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA / bhASA kI bhA~ti aitihAsika, sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika parivartana ke kAraNa sAhitya-vidhAoM meM bhI parivartana AtA hai / usameM saMskAra-pariSkAra hote haiM / DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai ki - jaba-jaba koI jAti navIna jAtiyoM ke samparka meM AtI hai taba-taba usameM nayI pravRttiyA~ AtI haiM, nayI AcAra-paramparA kA pracalana hotA hai, naye kAvyarUpoM kI udbhAvanA hotI hai aura naye-naye chaMdoM meM janacitta mukhara ho uThatA hai|' isa prakAra sAhitya-vidhA kA rUpagrahaNa, sAmAjika sambandha, bhASA, viSaya, samaya-sApekSatA jAti aura sAhityakAra kI pratibhA para AdhArita hotA hai / eka vidhA yadi kisI bhASA ke lie sArthaka siddha ho sakatI hai to dUsarI bhASA ke lie nirarthaka / 'dohA kAvya-vidhA yA chaMda apabhraMza, avahaTTa, hindI ke lie upayukta hai to baMgalA bhASA ke lie anupayukta / yahI nahIM jaba sAhityakAra kisI satya ko kaI vidhAoM meM udghATita karatA hai to usakA saundaryAkarSaNa bhinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai / satya kA koI pahalU citra, kavitA, upanyAsa, kahAnI athavA nATaka meM khIMcatA hai to usakA alaga AkarSaNa aura bhinna prabhAva par3atA hai / vastutaH ye bhinna-bhinna vidhAe~ jIvana ko vibhinna pahaluoM se dekhane aura samajhane ke mAdhyama haiM / DaoN. nAmavara siMha ne likhA hai ki - sAhitya ke rUpa kevala rUpa nahIM haiM balki jIvana ko samajhane ke bhinna-bhinna mAdhyama haiM / eka mAdhyama jaba cukatA dikhAI par3atA hai to dUsare mAdhyama kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai / apanI mahAna jayayAtrA meM satya-saundarya-dRSTA manuSya ne isI taraha samaya-samaya para naye kalArUpoM kI sRSTi kI tAki vaha nitya vikAsazIla vAstavikatA ko adhika-se-adhika samajhe aura sameTa sake / 10. _apabhraMza ke kavi sAhitya-cetanA ke prati itane saceta the, janatA kI cittavRttiyoM ko pakar3ane meM itane jAgarUka the ki unhoMne prAyaH sabhI vidhAoM meM apanI racanAeM dI / purANa, mahApurANa, carita, kathA, kahANI, vArtA, AkhyAyikA, rAsaka, lIlAkovya, veli, latAkAvya, phAgu, carcarI, maMgala, vivAhalo, kakka, mAtRkA, bAvanI, vipramatIsI, pa~vAr3A, dohA-koza, paddhar3iyAbaMdha yA kaDakkabaddhabaMdha, geyapadabaMdha, gadyarUpa Adi vividha vidhAoM meM racanAyeM kI / suvidhA kI dRSTi se inheM cAra koTiyoM meM bA~TA gayA / apabhraMza sAhitya ko moTe taura para sarvaprathama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) jaina apabhraMza sAhitya, (2) jainetara apabhraMza sAhitya / sAhityika vidhAoM kI dRSTi se samasta apabhraMza sAhitya ko hama cAra koTiyoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM - (1) jaina prabaMdha kAvya,
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 jisake antargata punaH do koTiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI haiM - (1) purANa, carita-sAhitya tathA kathA-sAhitya, (2) jaina AdhyAtmika kAvya, jinheM kucha vidvAna jaina rahasyavAdI kAvya kahanA ThIka samajhate haiM, (3) bauddha dohA evaM caryApada, (4) apabhraMza ke zaurya evaM praNaya saMbaMdhI muktaka kAvya' / 11 ina sabhI vidhAoM meM apanI kucha khAsa vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa dohA-vidhA apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / dohA : baMdha, chaMda aura bhASA ke rUpa meM DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne apabhraMza sAhitya meM tIna prakAra ke baMdhoM kI carcA kI hai aura yaha bhI saMketa diyA hai ki hindI ko chor3akara zAyada hI kisI anya prAMtIya bhASA meM ina saba rUpoM kI upalabdhi hotI ho / unake anusAra 'mukhya baMdha tIna haiM - (1) dohA baMdha, (2) paddhar3iyA baMdha, (3) geyapada baMdha' / 12 dohA baMdha yA vidyA ke sambandha meM unake vicAra bahuta hI saMtulita haiM / unakA kahanA hai - 'dohA yA dUhA apabhraMza kA apanA chaMda hai / usI prakAra jisa prakAra gAthA prAkRta kA apanA chaMda hai / bAda meM to 'gAthA baMdha' se prAkRta racanA aura 'dohA baMdha' se apabhraMza racanA kA bodha hone lagA thA / 'prabaMdha-cintAmaNi' meM to 'dUhA-vidhA' meM vivAda karanevAle do cAraNoM kI kathA AI hai jo yaha sUcita karatI hai ki apabhraMza-kAvya ko 'dUhA vidyA' bhI kahane lage the / dohA apabhraMza ke pUrvavartI sAhitya meM ekadama aparicita hai / kintu paravartI hindI sAhitya meM yaha chaMda apanI pUrI mahimA ke sAtha vartamAna hai / cAra prakAra se unakA prayoga apabhraMza-sAhi meM huA hai - (1) nirguNaM-pradhAna aura dhArmika upadezamUlaka dohe, (2) zRMgArI dohe, (3) nItiviSayaka dohe, (4) vIra rasa dohe / 13 kahanA nahIM hai ki dohA apabhraMza kA apanA vaha lAr3alA chaMda hai jo apanI lokasaMpRktatA ke kAraNa itanA lokapriya hai ki ise chaMda, baMdha-vidhA tathA bhASA saba rUpoM meM mAnA-jAnA jAne lagA / yaha muktaka aura prabandha kAvya donoM meM samAdRta hai| siddha kaviyoM ke dohoM kA saMgrahIta rUpa paM. haraprasAda zAstrI dvArA sampAdita 'bauddha gAna o dohA', paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana saMgrahIta sarahapA kRta 'dohAkoza', kANhapA kA 'dohAkoza', tilopA kA 'dohAkoza' Adi ullekhanIya haiM / apabhraMza meM jaina kaviyoM ne to ise isake pUre vaibhava ke sAtha ubhAr3A / devasena kA 'sAvayadhamma dohA', joindu (yogIndra) kA 'paramappayAsu, (paramAtmaprakAza) tathA yogasAra, rAmasiMha kA 'pAhuDa dohA', munimahacanda kA 'dohA pAhuDa', 'muMja (rAso ?) ke dohe' saMdarbhagarbhita 'hemacandra ke dohe' apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke akSaya svarNakoSa haiM / amRta ke rasa-kalaza haiM / jIvana ke rasa-dhAra haiM / sAhitya-dharma ke bhaMDAra haiM / prANadhArA ke rUpa meM inheM candavaradAyI ke 'pRthvIrAja rAso', merutuMgAcArya kI 'prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi', vidyApati kI 'kIrtilatA', 'DholA mArUrA dUhA', nAtha siddhoM kI 'gorakhavAnI', 'nAthavAniyA~, kabIra Adi saMtoM kI dohe-sAkhI, tulasI, rahIma, vRnda kI dohAvalI (yA~), bihArI kI 'satasaI, viyogI hari kI 'vIra satasaI Adi kramAgata paravartI sAhitya meM isake AkarSaNa ko bhalIbhAti dekhA jA sakatA hai / DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA to pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki - saca bAta to yaha hai ki jahA~ 'dohA' hai vahA~ saMskRta nahIM, prAkRta nahIM, apabhraMza hai| isakI lokasaMpRkti aura vidhA ke saMdarbha meM eka rocaka prasaMga kA udAharaNa milatA hai / 'mAilla dhavala' nAmaka kavi ne 'davvasahAvapayAsa' (dravyasvabhAva prakAza) nAmaka graMtha ko pahale dohA baMdha (arthAt apabhraMza) meM dekhA thA / loga unakI haMsI ur3Ate the (zAyada isaliye ki apabhraMza gavaI bhASA thI) so, unhoMne gAhAbaMdha (prAkRta) meM kara diyA / spaSTa hI dohAbaMdha kA artha hai apabhraMza aura gAhAbaMdha kA praakRt| mAilla dhavala kahate haiM - davvasahAvapayAsa dohAbaMdheNa Asi ja dina / taM gAhAbandheNAya raiya mAilla dhavalaNa // - jo dravyasvabhAvaprakAza nAmaka graMtha pahale dohAbaMdha meM dikhatA thA use mAilla dhavala ne gAthAbaMdha meM likhA / 15 ina udAharaNoM se 'dohAvidhA' kI lokasaMpRkti prayukti aura prabhAva svataHspaSTa hai|
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 apabhraMza ke dohe : saundarya kI kasauTI apabhraMza ke dohoM ke saundarya kI kasauTI lokasaMpRkti hai / ye sIdhe loka se udbhUta hokara loka ko prabhAvita karate haiM / lokacitta ko udvelita karate haiM / bhAvanAoM ko raMjita karate haiN| abhI taka apabhraMza kA jo AdirUpa prApta huA hai vaha hai mahAkavi kAlidAsa viracita 'vikramorvazIyam' caturtha aMka meM prayukta vaha dohA jisameM rAjA pururavA sAmaMtIya aura rAja saMskRti ke sabhI jakar3abandiyoM, kAyadA - kAnUnoM aura nATyazAstriyoM dvArA nirdezita saMskRta meM hI bolane kI bAdhyatA ko tor3a-chor3akara apanI priyA urvazI ke viraha meM apanI sahaja premila bhAvanAoM ko apabhraMza bhASA kA apanA lAr3alA chaMda 'dohA' meM anAyAsa mukharita karatA hai maIM jANi mialoaNI, Nisaaru koi harei / jAva Nu NavataDasAmali, dharAharu varisei 1116 5 kAlI ghaTA chAyI huI hai| bijalI camaka rahI hai / pururavA ko lagatA hai aisI camaka usakI priyA urvazI ke alAvA aura kisI kI nahIM ho sakatI / to phira kAle bAdala jaisA koI rAkSasa merI priyA ko hare liye jA rahA hai / para itane meM hI ve kAle bAdala bijalI kI kar3aka ke sAtha dharAsAra varSA karane lage / taba phira vaha yaha jAnakara aura duHkhI ho gayA ki yaha merI priyA nahIM bijalI hai, kAlA rAkSasa nahIM, bAdala hai / isa dohA ko kucha vidvAna prakSipta mAnate 1. haiM to kucha kAlidAsa viracita / DaoN. parazurAma lakSmaNa vaidya ke anusAra yaha lokasAhitya meM pracalita rahA hogA jise kAlidAsa ne apane nATaka meM prayoga kara liyA hogA / 17 para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki kAlidAsa jaise pIyUSavarSI kavi lokabhASA ke isa mArmika aura lokadharmI chaMda meM racanA karane kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara sake hoMge aura maukA tathA bahAnA DhUMr3hakara use apanI goda meM baiThA liyA hogA / isa dohe meM 'ukAra' bahulatA, tukAMta kI pravRtti, mAtRka chanda svarUpa Adi sabhI apabhraMza kI apanI nijI pravRttiyA~ haiM / ise apanAkara kAlidAsa ne lokonmukhI cetanA ke prati apanI gaharI saMpRkti vyakta kI hai / dohA vidhA meM nirmita apabhraMza ke ina dohoM meM prema, zRMgAra, samarpaNa, sAralya, sahajatA Adi komala bhAvanAoM kA adbhuta loka-saMsparzI rUpa milatA hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM mAgha, bhAravi, zrIharSa Adi kaviyoM kI vAgvidagdhatA, zabdaguMphana, AlaMkAritA, anuprAsoM kI chaTA, yamakoM kI ghaTA, vikaTa padabaMdha, buddhivaibhavajanita uktiyoM tathA 'pAli aura prAkRta' kI vahI anugamana kI pravRtti kI tulanA meM apabhraMza ke ina dohoM kI sahaja sukumAratA, marmasparzitA, oja - zaurya - sampannatA, vIratA - tapa-tyAga se saMvalita avyAja manoharatA alaga se bhalIbhAMti pahacAnI jA sakatI hai / hemacandra ke dohe, saMdezarAsaka, muMjarAso (?), prAkRta paiMgalama ke dohe Adi to prema-zRMgAra kI sahaja bhAvanAoM ke sacita bhaMDAra hI haiM / inameM to svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, dhanapAla, tribhuvana kI zAstrIyatA, pAMDitya, alaMkAra, piMgala kA vizeSa rujhAna bhI nahIM hai / basa, vahI saralatA - nizchalatA, nirADaMbaratA aura sahaja laukika AkarSaNajanya saundarya kI chavi parilakSita hotI hai / katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM ina dohoM meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM meM corI-corI, lukA-chipI kA prema nahIM hai / yahA~ 'bhare bhauna meM karata haiM nainana hI soM bAta' 1" yA ghara-A~gana kA hI prema nahIM hai / jIvana ke karma kSetra meM ha~sate-ha~sate prANa nyauchAvara karadenevAlA prema hai / priya ko yuddha kSetra ke lie prasthAna karanA hI karanA hai / priyatamA kA usase punaH milanA ho yA na ho, kyA ThikAnA / para koI ciMtA kI M "priyA ke lie to agalita sneha meM nibaTA (pakA) huA priya yadi lAkhoM yojana
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 calA jAya aura sau varSa meM bhI yadi mile to bhI he sakhi, saukhya (prama) kA sthAna vahI rahatA agalia-neha nivaTTAhai joaNa lakkhu vi jAu / varisa-saeNa vi jo milai sahi sokkhaha so ThAu / " phira yaha virahavyathita priyA antara aura antarAla ke bAda lauTe hue priya se kevala milakara hI saMtoSa kara legI / bilkula nahIM / use eka akRta (apUrva) kautuka karanA hogA / use to priya ke sarvAMga meM aise paiTha jAnA hai jaise miTTI ke kasore meM pAnI praveza kara jAtA hai / aMga-pratyaMga meM bhIna jAtA hai / jai kei pAvIsu piu akiyA kuDDa karIsu / pANiu navai sarAvi jivai savvoM paisIsa 120 avazya hI uparokta prema ghanIbhUta hogA / priya meM koI doSa nahIM dekha-suna pAyegA / priyA sakhI se kahatI hai ki yadi priya kahIM sadoSa dikhAI par3A ho to mujhase nibhRta (ekAMta) meM aise kaho ki usakA pakSapAtI merA mana na jAna sake / para aisA ekAMta kahIM milegA / abhivyakti kauzala kA eka adbhuta namUnA - bhaNa sahi nihuau~ teveM maI jai piu didai sadosa / jeva na jANai majjhu maNu pakkhAvaDia tAsu / 1 yaha koI nayI bAta nahIM hai ki 'jaba prIti gaharAne lagatI hai to durjanoM ke mana meM gA~Tha par3ane lagatI hai 22 / unheM doSa naz2ara Ane lagatA hai / ve garajane lagate haiM / viraha ke dinoM meM to ye aura bigaDaila ho jAte haiM para "are khala megha / aba mata garaja, dekhatA nahIM hai ki lavaNa pAnI meM vilIna ho rahA hai, viyogadagdha jhoMpar3A bhIga rahA hai aura itane dina ke viraha kI mArI priyA Aja priya ke premarasa meM sarAbora ho rahI hai" / loNu vilijjai pANieNa ari khala meha ma gajju / vAliu galai su jhumpaDA gorI timmai ajju / " priya bhI aise hI kSaNoM kI pratIkSA meM aneka manorathoM ko apane mana meM saiMjo rahA hai ki 'duSTa dina kaise jaldI samApta ho, rAta kaise zIghra Aye / aura vaha apanI cira navIna bahU ko dekha-suna-mila sake / kema samappau duTu diNu kidha rayaNI chuDu hoi / nava-vahu-dasaNa-lAlasau vahai maNoraha soi / 24 isI prakAra abdula rahamAna ke 'sadeza rAsaka' tathA 'prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi' 'purAtana-prabaMdha-saMgraha meM muMja-mRNAlavatI se saMbandhita dohoM meM prema, milana, viraha kI bar3I hI mArmika abhivyaMjanA huI hai| inakA utsa loga lokakathAoM meM DhU~r3hate haiM kyoki inakI lokasaMpRkti itanI adhika hai ki inakI upamAe~ hI lokAdhArita nahIM haiM apitu lokajIvana ke gahare lagAva isameM pUrNatayA samAhita haiM / 'saMdeza rAsaka' kI nAyikA ko isa bAta kA saMkoca hai ki priya ke vichoha kI pIr3A meM vaha abhI taka jindA hai / para vaha kyA kare / loka-paraMparA jIvantatA kI preraNA detI hai / aura phira "yaha kyA acchA kAma hogA yadi dharohara ke rUpa meM avasthita priya ko, kaSTakArI viraha ke kAraNa use chor3akara suraloka (mRtyu) calI jAU~" -
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 piya virahAnala saMtavia jai vaccau sura loi / tuha chaDDavi hiaTThiyaha taM parivADi Na hoi 125 puruSatva ko lalakArane kI prathA lokajIvana kI apanI vizeSatA hai / virahiNI bhI aisI hI vacana - bhagimA ke cAturya kA prayoga karatI huI kahatI hai- viraha to nArI hRdaya kI vivazatA hai para kyA tumhAre pauruSa ko cunautI nahIM hai / "kyA tuma nahIM jAnate kI jina aMgoM ke sAtha tumane raMgareliyA~ kI ve hI aMga tumhAre hRdaya tala meM hote hue bhI viraha ke dvArA jalAye jA rahe haiM garuhau parihau kiM na sahau, pai porisa nilaeNa / jihi aMgahi tu vilasiyau, te daddhA viraheNa 126 - muMja aura mRNAlavatI se sambaMdhita dohe apane prasaMga-garbhatva ke kAraNa eka pUrI kahAnI kI pRSThabhUmi liye hue haiM / isameM sAhasika prema aura atikAruNikatA kI bhAva- dazA bhale hI rAjA-rAnI kI kahAnI liye ho, para hai vaha lokajIvanodbhUta / yaha paravartI premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM ke utsa kI eka kar3I hai / yadi nAma haTA diyA jAya to yaha kahAnI lokarasa se yukta loka-kathA bana jAyegI / apanI sarasa premabhaMgimA, atikAruNika pariNati, nijI anubhavoM kI pIr3A ke kAraNa muMja ke dohoM meM jo marmasparzitA milatI hai, anyatra durlabha hai / jAte hue yauvana, chala-chadma apanAkara bhI prema ko pakar3e rahane kI asaphalatA, AtmaglAni se pIr3ita mRNAlavatI ko muMja jAte-jAte samajhAtA gayA 'jAte hue yauvana ko na pachatA / zarkarA ke sau khaMDa ho jAne para bhI usakA cUrA vaisA hI mIThA hotA hai muMja bhaNai muNAlavai jubbaNa gayau na jhUri / jai sakkara saya khaMDa thiya to isa mIThI cUri 127 apabhraMza ke dohe isa prakAra jahA~ lokacitra kI komala bhAvanAoM ke vividha rUpoM ke sAkSAtkAra se rasasikta karate haiM, vahIM apanI lokonmukhI dRSTi ke calate sAdhAraNa manuSya ke sukha-duHkha ko apane dAyare meM pratiSThita karate haiM / isake sAtha hI viziSTa kI tulanA meM apanI pahacAna ko udghATita karate haiM kisAna ko apanI khetihara jamIna kitanI pyArI hotI hai, yaha tathya kisI se chipA nahIM hai / yaha viDaMbanA hI hai ki zoSakoM dvArA vaha bhI china jAtI hai phira bhI kisAna usakI rakSA ke lie saMgharSa karatA hai / jaba usakA jIvana samApta hone ko hotA hai to vaha apane saMgharSa ko apane putra ke pauruSa ko lalakArate hue usake hAtha meM pakar3A detA hai / beTA ! eka bAta gA~Tha bA~dha le ki usa putra ke paidA hone yA marane se koI lAbha-hAni nahIM jisake bApa kI bhUmi dUsaroM dvArA har3apa lI jAya - 7 - putre jAe~ kavaNu guNu avaguNu kavaNu mueNa / jA bappI kI bhuhaDI campijjai avareNa / "28 yaha jIvana-saMgharSa lokajIvana kI trAsadika jIvana gAthA hai / vaha Aja bhI samApta nahIM huI hai / apabhraMza ke katipaya dohe apanI lokasaMpRkti ke kAraNa Aja bhI utane hI prAsaMgika haiM jitanA premacaMda jaise lekhakoM kA Aja kA sAhitya / kisAna kI garIbI, usakI phaTehAlI Aja bhI kisI bhI sarakAra yA mAnavatA ke lie kalaMka hai / apabhraMza kA kavi jana-jIvana kI isa trAsadika pIr3A ko kitanI gaharAI se chUtA hai, draSTavya hai kisAnI pIr3A ke isa darda ko manuSya pakar3e yA na pakar3e, usake jIvana kA sAthI usakA dhaulA baila pakar3atA hai, jahA~ juye meM eka tarapha vaha aura --
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 dUsarI ora usakA svAmI juta rahA hai / svAmI ke isa guru bhAra para vaha A~sU bahAtA hai - ki mujhe hI do khaMDoM meM karake donoM dizAoM meM kyoM nahIM jota diyA jAtA - dhavalu visUrar3a sAmiaho garuA bharu pikkhevi / hau~ ki na juttau duhu~ disihi khaNDaI doNNi karevi / " kahanA nahIM hai ki premacaMda ke 'pUsa kI rAta' ke halakU aura 'godAna' ke horI kI pIr3A bhI isake Age halakI par3a jAtI hai / apabhraMza ke ina dohoM meM lokasaMpRktatA kA jo nayA svara sunAI par3atA hai vaha bhI Aja ke jIvana ke lie kama prAsagika nahIM hai / sAmpradAyikatA vihIna, sahaja, svasaMvedamArgI kaviyoM ke ye dohe AdamI se AdamI kI pahacAna karAte haiM / saba prakAra kI jakar3abandiyoM ko tor3akara mAnava aura mAnavIyatA ko tarajIha date haiM / samarasatA, sahajatA, saMtoSa aura AdamI ke nirmANa meM vizvAsa karate haiM / 'kANhapA' kahate haiM ki - 'samarasa meM apanA mana rAgAnurakta kara, jisane sahaja meM dhyAna sthira kiyA vaha usI kSaNa siddha bana gayA aura jarAmaraNa ke bhaya se mukta ho gayA' - sahaje Niccala jeNa kia, samarase Nia-maNa rAa / siddho so puNa takkhaNe, Nau' jarAmaraNaha bhAa / devasena kahate haiM ki - lokaprasiddhi hai ki dharma se sukha aura pApa se duHkha hotA hai, isalie aisA dharmAcaraNa karo jisameM sabakA hita ho - dhamme suha pAveNa duhu, eha pasiddhau loi / tamhA dhamma samAyarahi jehiya iMchiu hoi / 1 vibhedaparaka, sahajatA evaM samAnatA kA jIvana kAmya hai - hau~ gorau hau~ sAmalau hau~ ji vibhiNNau vaNNu / 'hau~ taNu-aMgau~ thUlu hau~ ehau~ mUDhau maNNu / " isI prakAra ye kavi loka-saMvedya sahRdayatA aura udAratA ke sAtha sabhI devatAoM aura dharmoM ko sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM, devoM kA deha meM nivAsa mAnate haiM aura koI bheda-bhAva nahIM maante| Aja bhI aisI lokadharmI mAnyatAoM kI kitanI sArthakatA hai, sahaja vicAraNIya hai - so siu saMkaru viNhu so, so rudda vi so buddha / so jiNu Isaru babhu so, so aNatu so siddha / ehi lakkhaNa lakkhiyau, jo para Nikalu deu / dehaha~ majjhahiM so vasai, tAsu Na vijjaha bheu / / 1. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, DaoN. nAmavara siMha, pRSTha 3 / 2. vAkyapadIyam, brahmakAMDa, bhartRhari, pR. 148 / 3. purAnI hiMdI, paM. candradhara zarmA gulerI, pR. 8 / 4. mahAbhASyam-kilahAna saMskaraNa, bhAga 1, pR. 6, tathA 4683; bhAga 3, pR. 359 (para apabhraMza zabda para vicAra kA saMdabha) /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 5. kAvyAdarza, 1-36 / 6. nATyazAstram, 17-55 / 7. hindI sAhitya, prathama khaMDa, sampA. DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, pRSTha 384 / 8. apabhraMza racanA saurabha, DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI, prastAvanA, pRSTha l / 9. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 97 / 10. nayI kahAnI : saMdarbha aura prakRti, sampA. DaoN. devIzaMkara avasthI, pRSTha 63-64 / 11. hiMdI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga, sampA. DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, khaMDa 2, adhyAya 3, pR. 247 / 12. hiMdI sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 10 / 13. hiMdI sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 11-12 kA aadhaar| - 14. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 98 / 15. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAthUrAma 'premI, pR. 168 / hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 98 para uddhRta / '16. kAlidAsa graMthAvalI, vikramorvazIyama, caturtha aMka, chaMda 8, sampA. pa. sItArAma caturvedI, pR. 216 / 17. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa - 1, pR. 244 / 18. bihArI satasaI, bihArI ratnAkara, 32 / 19. prAkRta-vyAkaraNam, AcArya zrI hemacandra, 4-332 / 20. vahI, 4-396.4 / 21. uparyukta, 4-401. 4 / 22. dRga urajhata, TUTata kuTuma, jurata catura-cita prIti / parati gA~Tha durajana-hiyeM, daI, naI yaha rIti // bihArI-ratnAkara, cha. saM. 363 / 23. prAkRta-vyAkaraNam, AcArya zrI hemacandra, 4-418. 5 / 24.. vahI, 4-401. 1 / 25. saMdeza rAsaka, sampA. pa. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, vizvanAtha tripAThI, prathama prakrama 10/148 / 26. vahI, dvitIya prakrama 77/164 / 27. prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi, cha. saM. 4 / 28. prAkRta-vyAkaraNam, hemacandrAcArya 4-395.6 / 29. uparyukta 4-340.2 / 30. hindI kAvyadhArA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, 19/148 / 31. vahI, 101/170 / 32. paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA, sampA. DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 35/14 / 33. yogasAra, hindI kAvyadhArA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, 105,106/252 /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 phagguNa-mAsu pavoliya tAvehi~ kuvvara-Nayaru parAiya jAvehi~, phagguNa-mAsu pavolia tAvehi~ / paiTTa vasantu-rAu ANande, koilu-kalayala-maGgala-sadde / ali-mihaNehi~ vandiNehi~ paDhantehi, varahiNa-vAvaNehi~ Naccantehi~ / andolA-saya-toraNa-vArehi, Dhuku vasantu aNeya-payArehi~ / katthai cUa-vaNaI pallaviyaI, Nava-kisalaya-phala-phullabbhahiyaI / katthai girI-sirahaI vicchAyai~, khala-muhaI va masi vaNNaI NAyaI / katthai gijjai vajjai mandalu, Nara-mihuNehi paNacciu gondalu / ta taho NayarahoM ittara-pAsehi, jaNa-maNaharu joyaNa-uddesehi~ / diTTu vasantatilau ujjANau, sajjaNa-hiyara jema a-pamANau / ghattA - sahala sayandhau Dollantu viyAvaDa-matthau / aggae~ rAmahoM Na thiu kusumajali hatthau / / paumacariu, 26.5 . - jaba ve (rAma-sItA aura lakSmaNa vanavAsa ke samaya) kubera nagara pahu~ce taba phAguna mAha A cukA thA / vasantarAja ne koyaloM ke kala-kala aura maMgala-zabda ke sAtha Ananda se praveza kiyA / par3hate hue maMgalapATha karate hue alimithunoM se, nAcate hue mayUrarUpI vAmanoM se, Andolita (jhUmate hue) saikar3oM toraNa dvAroM se, (aura bhI) anya prakAroM se (jJAta ho jAtA thA ki) 'vasanta' A pahu~cA (hai) / kahIM para nava kisalaya, phala aura phUloM se lade hue Amravana pallavita ho utthe| kahIM para girizikhara isa prakAra kAntihIna ho gaye ki (ve) duSToM ke zyAmavarNa mukha kI taraha jJAta hote the / kahIM para gAyA jA rahA hai, kahIM para bajAyA jA rahA hai (aura kahIM para) manuSya-yugaloM dvArA harSa-dhvani kI jAtI hai / usa nagara uttara (dizA) kI ora eka yojana kI dUrI para logoM ko sundara laganevAlA vasantatilaka nAmaka udyAna dikhAI diyA jo sajjanoM ke hRdaya kI taraha sImAhIna thA / sugandhita, jhUmatA huA, acche phaloM se yukta vaha (udyAna) mAnoM natamastaka ho hAthoM meM kusumAJjali lekara rAma ke Age sthita ho / anu., DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 11 apabhraMza sAhitya meM prakRti-varNana * DaoN. indra bahAdura siMha manuSya jaba apane kArya ke bhAra se dabakara murdA-sA ho jAtA hai, taba usa zava meM prANa phaeNkanevAlI jo zakti hai, usI kA nAma 'prakRti hai, jisakA ki patana bhI manuSya kA utthAna karAtA hai / prakRti aura mAnava kA sambandha utanA hI purAnA hai jitanA ki saSTi ke udabhava aura vikAsa kA itihAsa prAcIna hai / prakRti mA~ kI goda meM hI prathama mAnava-zizu ne A~kheM kholI thI, usI kI kror3a meM khelakara vaha bar3A huA aura anta meM usI ke AliMgana-pAza meM Abaddha hokara vaha cira-nidrA meM sotA rahA / prakRti ke adbhuta kriyA-kalApoM se usakI hRdayastha bhAvanAoM - bhaya, vismaya, prema Adi kA sphuraNa huA, usI kI niyamitatA ko dekhakara usake mastiSka meM jJAna-vijJAna kI buddhi kA vikAsa huA / dArzanika dRSTi se bhI prakRti aura mAnava kA sambandha sthAyI hai, ciraMtana : hai / satarUpI prakRti, citrarUpI jIva aura AnandarUpI parama-tatva - tInoM hI milakara saccidAnanda sattA kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika tInoM hI dRSTiyoM se prakRti mAnava kA poSaNa karatI huI use jIvana meM Age bar3hAtI hai / dRzya prakRti mAnava-jIvana ko atha se iti taka cakravAla kI taraha ghere rahatI hai / prakRti ke vividha komala-kaThina, sundara-virUpa, vyakta-rahasyamaya rUpoM ke AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa ne manuSya kI buddhi aura hRdaya ko kitanA pariSkAra aura vistAra diyA hai, isakA lekhA-jokhA karane para manuSya prakRti kA sabase adhika RNI ThaharegA / vastutaH saMskAra-krama se mAnava jAti kA bhAvajagat hI nahIM, usake cintana kI dizAe~ bhI prakRti ke vividha rUpAtmaka paricaya tathA usase utpanna anubhUtiyoM se prabhAvita hai| mAnava aura prakRti ke isa aTUTa sambandha kI abhivyakti dharma, darzana, sAhitya aura
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 kalA meM cirakAla se hotI rahI hai / sAhitya mAnava-jIvana kA pratibimba hai, ataH usa pratibimba meM usakI sahacarI prakRti kA pratibiMbita honA svAbhAvika hai / itanA hI nahIM, prakRti mAnava hRdaya aura kAvya ke bIca saMyojaka kA kArya bhI karatI rahI hai / aisI sthiti meM kAvya, jo buddhi ke mukta vAtAvaraNa meM khilA bhAvabhUmi kA phUla hai, prakRti se raMga-rUpa pAkara vikasita ho sakA to Azcarya nahIM / 12 hamAre deza kI dharatI itanI virATa hai ki usameM prakRti kI sabhI sarala-kuTila rekhAe~ aura halke - gahare raMga ekatra mila jAte haiM / pariNAmataH yuga vizeSa ke kAvya meM bhI prakRti kI anamila rekhAe~ aura virodhI raMgoM kI sthiti anivArya hai / para ina vibhinnatAoM ke mUla meM bhAratIya dRSTi kI vaha ekatA akSuNNa rahatI hai jo prakRti aura jIvana ko kisI virATa samudra ke tala aura jala ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane kI abhyasta hai / hamAre yahA~ prakRti jIvana kA vAtAvaraNa hI nahIM AkAra bhI hai / hamArI prakRti kI kAvya-sthiti meM devatA se devAlaya taka kA avaroha aura devAlaya se devatA taka kA Aroha donoM hI milate haiN| sampUrNa vaidika vAGmaya isa prakRti devatA ke aneka rUpoM kI avatAra kathA hai, jo isa deza kI samRddha kalpanA aura bhAva- vaibhava kI citrazAlA hai / vaidika kAla ke RSi prAkRtika zaktiyoM se sabhIta hone ke kAraNa unakI arcanA - vaMdanA karate the, aisI dhAraNA saMkIrNa hI nahIM bhrAnta bhI hai / uSA, maruta, indra, varuNa jaise sundara, gatizIla, jIvanamaya aura vyApaka prakRti rUpoM ke mAnavIkaraNa meM jisa sUkSma nirIkSaNa, saundaryabodha aura bhAva kI unnata bhUmi kI apekSA rahatI hai, vaha ajJAnajanita AtaMka meM durlabha hai / isake atirikta manovikAra aura unakI abhivyakti hI to kAvya nahIM kahalA sakatI / kAvya kI koTi taka pahu~cane ke lie abhivyakti ko kalA ke dvAra se praveza pAnA hotA hai / hamAre vaidika-kAlIna prakRti- udgItha bhAva kI dRSTi se itane gaMbhIra aura vyaMjanA kI dRSTi se itane pUrNa aura kalAtmaka haiM ki unheM anubhUta na kahakara svataH prakAzita athavA anubhAvita kahA gayA hai / isa sahaja saundaryabodha ke uparAnta jo jijJAsAmUlaka cintanA jAgI vaha bhI prakRti ko dra banAkara ghUmatI rahI / vedAnta kA advaitamUlaka sarvavAda ho yA sAMkhya kA dvaitamUlaka puruSa prakRtivAda, saba cintana-saraNiyA~ prakRti ke dharAtala para raha kara mahAkAza ko chUtI rahIM / uThatI- giratI laharoM ke sAtha uThane-girane vAle ko jaise saba avasthAoM meM jala kI taralatA kA hI bodha hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra vaidika kAla ke alaukika prakRtivAda se chAMdasa saMskRta kAvya kI sneha sauhArdamayI saMginI prakRti taka pahu~cane para bhI kisI vizeSa antara kA bodha na ho yaha svAbhAvika hai / saMskRta kAvyoM ke pUrvArddha meM prakRti aisI vyaktitvamatI aura spandanazIla hai ki hama kisI pAtra ko ekAkI kI bhUmikA meM nahIM pAte / kAlidAsa yA bhavabhUti kI prakRti ko jar3a aura mAnavabhinna sthiti dene ke lie hameM prayAsa karanA par3egA / jisa prakAra hama parvata, vana, nirjhara Adi se zUnya dharatI kI kalpanA nahIM kara sakate, usI prakAra ina prakRti ke rUpoM ke binA mAnava kI kalpanA hamAre lie kaThina ho jAtI hai / saMskRta kAvya ke uttarArddha kI kahAnI kucha dUsarI hai / bhAva ke pravAha ke nIce buddhi kA kaThora dharAtala apanI sajala ekatA banAye rahatA hai, kintu usake rukate hI vaha paMkila aura anamila darAroM meM baiTa jAne ke lie vivaza hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 13 , apabhraMza kAvya ko saMskRta kAvya kI jo paramparA uttarAdhikAra meM prApta huI, vaha rUr3higata to ho hI cukI thI, sAtha hI eka aise yuga ko pAra kara AyI thI, jo saMsAra ko duHkhamaya mAnane kA darzana de cukA thA / jIvana kI dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM ne isa sAhitya-paramparA ko itanA avakAza nahIM diyA ki vaha apanI kaThora sImAoM ko kucha komala kara sakatI / parantu jisa prakAra jIvana ke lie yaha satya hai ki vaha aMza-aMza meM parAjita hone para bhI sarvAMza meM kabhI parAjita nahIM hotA, usI prakAra prakRti bhI aparAjita hI rahI hai / hara navIna yuga kI bhAvabhUmi para vaha aise naye rUpa meM AvirbhUta hotI rahatI hai jo na sarvataH navIna hai aura na purAtana / kAvya meM prakRti-varNana do rUpoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / prakRti kA svataMtra, AlaMbana rUpa meM aura nAyaka-nAyikA ke bhAvoM ke uttejaka rUpa meM / bAhya prakRti kA prabhAva hamArI aMtaHprakRti para apane Apa par3atA hai / kintu apabhraMza kAvya ke udaya kAla meM prakRti ke isa svacchaMda varNana kI praNAlI samAptaprAyaH ho cukI thI / madhyakAlIna saMskRta kaviyoM ne sAhitya ke pratyeka kSetra kI bhA~ti prakRti-varNana meM bhI baiMdhI-badhAI paripATI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / Arambhika apabhraMza kavitA ke lie apane samakAlIna saMskRta sAhitya se prabhAvita honA anivArya thA / phalataH tatkAlIna apabhraMza kavitA meM bhI svataMtra prakRti-varNana kA abhAva hai / ina kaviyoM kI kalpanA prAkRtika dRzyoM ke citraNa meM vAlmIki, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti Adi kI bhA~ti aise rUpoM kI yojanA karane meM nahIM pravRtta hotI thI, jinase kisI dRzya kA pUrNa citra A~khoM ke sAmane upasthita ho aura jo citra svataMtrarUpa se svayaM pAThaka yA zrotA ke bhAva ke AlaMbana hoM / AcArya rAmacandra zukla kA anumAna hai ki kAlidAsa ke samaya se yA usake kucha pahale hI se dRzya-varNana ke saMbaMdha meM kaviyoM ne do mArga nikAle / sthala-varNana meM to vastu-varNana kI sUkSmatA bahuta dinoM taka banI rahI para Rtu-varNana meM citraNa utanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gayA, jitanA kucha inI-ginI vastuoM kA kathanamAtra karake bhAvoM ke uddIpana kA varNana / 1 zuklajI ne Age likhA hai ki 'jAna par3atA hai Rtu-varNana vaise hI phuTakara padyoM ke rUpa meM par3hA jAne lagA, jaisA bArahamAsA par3hA jAtA hai / ataH unameM anuprAsa aura zabdoM ke mAdhurya Adi kA dhyAna adhika rahane lagA / ' saMskRta sAhitya meM Rtu-varNana sabase pahale zAyada 'RtusaMhAra' meM hI milatA hai| usameM kAlidAsa ne itara sthaloM kI bhA~ti zuddha prakRti-varNana nahIM kiyA hai, apitu vividha vastuoM meM prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa citrita kiyA hai aura use manuSyoM ke kelivilAsa ke hI saMdarbha meM dekhA hai / 'meghadUta' ke prakRti-citraNa aura 'RtusaMhAra' ke prakRti-citraNa meM uddezyabhinnatA spaSTa hai / kabhI-kabhI kaviyoM ne eka sAtha hI sabhI RtuoM kA varNana viziSTa paddhati meM na karake yathAvasara pAtroM ke mu~ha se Rtusaundarya kA udghATana karavAyA hai / kahIM-kahIM isa prakAra ke varNana itane sundara aura svAbhAvika haiM ki ve svataMtra prakRti-varNana se kama acche nahIM haiM / rAjazekhara kI kaparamaMjarI meM isa prakAra ke kaI sundara prAkRta zloka milate haiM / mahAkAvyoM meM to adhika avakAza hone aura lakSaNa-pAlana ke lie svataMtra prakRti-varNana ke lie thor3A-bahuta bahAnA mila jAtA thA - svayaMbhUdeva viracita 'paumacariu meM mahAn indradhanuSa ko hAtha meM lekara megharUpI gaja para savAra hokara pAvasarAja ne grISmarAja para car3hAI kara dI / donoM rAjAoM ke yuddha kA varNana bar3A sarasa bana par3A hai - dhaga dhaga dhaga dhagaMtu uddhAiu, hasa hasa hasa hasatu saMpAiu / jala jala jala jalatu pajalatau, jAlAvali phuliMga mellatau /
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________________ 14 dhUmAvali dhayadaMDubbheppiNu, varavAulikhaggu kaDDeppiNu / jhaDa jhaDa jhaDa jhaDaMtu paharaMtau, taruvara riu bhaDa bhajjatau / mehamahAgayaghaDa vihaDatau, ja uNhAlau diTTu bhiDaMtau / dhaNu apphAliu pAuseNa, taDi TaMkAra - phAra darisate / coevi jalahara-hatthi haDa, NIra-sarAsaNi mukka turaMte / pAvasarAja ne dhanuSa kA AsphAlana kiyA, tar3itrUpa meM TaMkAra dhvani prakaTa huI, megha- gajaghaTA ko prerita kiyA aura jaladhArA-rUpa meM sahasA bANa-varSA kara dI / varSArUpI yuddha ke dRzya kI bhayaMkaratA kavi ne anuraNanAtmaka zabdoM ke prayoga se prakaTa kI hai / pAvasarAja aura grISmarAja ke yuddha meM grISmarAja yuddhabhUmi meM mArA gayA / pAvasarAja ke vijayollAsa kA varNana utprekSAlaMkAra meM kavi ne sundaratA se kiyA hai| apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 dadura raDevi lagga Na sajjaNa, Na Nacvanti mora khala dujjaNa / Na pUranti sariu akkaMdeM, Na kai kilakilanti ANaMdeM / Na parahuya vimukka ugghoseM, Na varahiNa lavanti pariose / saravara bahu- asu-jalolliya, Na girivara hariseM gajolliya / Na unhaviya davaggi vioe~, Na Nacciya mahi viviha viNoe / Na atyamiu divAyara dukkhe, NaM paisarai rayaNi saIM sukkhe / * pAvasa meM dAduroM kA raTanA, moroM kA nAcanA, saritAoM kA umar3anA, baMdaroM kA kilakilAnA, parvatoM kA harSa se romAMcita honA Adi to saba svAbhAvika aura saMgata hai; kintu kokila kA bolanA kavi saMpradAya ke viruddha hai / svayaMbhU kA prakRti-varNana prAcIna paramparA ko liye hue hai / kavi ne alaMkAroM ke prayoga ke lie bhI prakRti kA varNana kiyA hai - Nava-phala- paripakkANaNe kANaNe / kusumiya sAhArae sAhArae / -- isI prakAra magadha deza kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai jahiM suya patiu jahiM ucchu- vaNaI jahiM NaMdaNa-vaNaI jahiM phADiya - vayaNa supariTThiAu / NaM vaNasiri- maragaya - kaMThiyAu / pavaNAhayAI / kaMpati va pIlaNabhaya gayAI / maNoharAI / Nacvati va cala-pallava-karAI / dADimAI / Najjati tAiM na kai muhAI / suMdarAu keyai - kesara - raya- dhUsarAu / 1 jahiM mahuyara paMtiu jahiM dakkhA maMDava pariyalaMti / puNu paMthiya rasa salilaI piyanti 15 arthAt jahA~ vRkSoM para baiThI zuka paMkti vanazrI ke kaMTha meM marakatamAlA ke samAna pratIta hotI hai / jahA~ pavana se prerita ikSu vana kATejAne ke bhaya se bhIta ho mAno kA~pa rahe haiM / jahA~ caMcala pallavarUpI karoMvAle manohara naMdana vana mAno nAca rahe haiM / prasphuTavadanavAle dADimaphala bandara ke mukhoM ke samAna dikhAI dete haiM / jahA~ sundara bhramara-paMkti ketakI kesararaja se dhUsarita hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 jahA~ drAkSA-maMDapa ke hilane se pathika madhura rasarUpI salila kA pAna kara rahe haiM / isa prakAra ke varNana meM alaMkArapriyatA ke sAtha-sAtha kavi kI sUkSma nirIkSaNa-zakti aura paramparA se Upara uTha kara loka-darzana kI bhAvanA bhI abhivyakta ho rahI hai / yahA~ para prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa meM varNana na kara AlaMbanAtmaka rUpa meM kavi ne varNana kiyA hai / samudra kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai - maNa-gamaNehiM gayaNi payaTTaehi, lakkhiu-lavaNa samudda kiha / mahi-maMDayaho Nahayala-rakkhaseNa, phADiu jaThara-payesu jiha // ' samudra kyA hai mAno nabhatala rAkSasa ne mahimaMDala ke jaThara pradeza ko phAr3a diyA ho / phaTe hue jaThara pradeza meM rakta ke bahane se eka to samudra kA raMga raktavarNa honA cAhie, dUsare isa upamA se samudra kI bhayaMkaratA kA bhAva utanA vyakta nahIM hotA jitanA jugupsA kA / isI prakaraNa meM kavi ne zleSa se samudra kI tulanA kucha aise padArthoM se kI hai jinameM zabda-sAmya ke atirikta aura koI sAmya nahIM - sUhava-puriso vva saloNa-sIlu / dujjaNa puriso vva sahAva-khAru / NiddhaNa-AlAvu va appamANu / joisu va mINa-kakkaDaya-thANu / mahakavva-Nibandhu va sadda-gahiru / ' - samudra satkulotpanna puruSa ke samAna hai; kyoMki donoM saloNazIla haiM arthAt samudra salavaNa (zIla) aura satkulotpanna puruSa salAvaNyazIla / isI prakAra samudra durjana puruSa ke samAna svabhAva se kSAra hai / nirdhana ke AlApa ke samAna apramANa hai / jyoti-maMDala ke samAna mIna (mIna rAzi tathA machalI) karkaTa (karka rAzi tathA jalajantu vizeSa) nidhAna hai / mahAkAvya nirbandha ke samAna zabda-gaMbhIra kavi kA godAvarI nadI kA varNana bhI darzanIya hai - thovatare macchutthalla diti / golA Nai diTTha samuvvahati / susuyara ghora-ghuru-ghuru-huraMti / kari-mayaruDDohiya Duhu-duhati / DiMDIra-saDa-maMDaliya diti / daduraya-raDiya Duru-huru-DuraMti / kallolullolahi, uvvahati / ugghosa-ghosa-ghava-ghava-ghavati / paDi-khalaNa-valaNa khala-khalakhalati / khala-khaliya-khalakka-jhaDakka diti / sasi-saMkha-kuMda-dhavalojjhareNa / kAraMDuDDAviya DavareNa / pheNAvali vakiya, valayAlakiya, Na mahi kulabahuNaahe taNiya / jalaNihi bhattAraho, mottiya-hAraho, vAha pasAriya dAhiNiya // bhASA anuprAsamayI hai / bhAvAnukUla zabda yojanA hai / zabdoM kI dhvani nadI-pravAha ko abhivyakta karatI hai / prAkRtika dRzyoM kA varNana karate hue unakI bhinna-bhinna dRzyoM yA ghaTanAoM se tulanA karanA yA prakRti ko upameya mAnakara usake anya upamAnoM ke prayoga kI praNAlI bhI kavi ne apanAyI hai| vana kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai -
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kattha vi uDDAviya sauNa-saya, Na aDavihe uDDa vi pANa gaya / kattha vi kalAva Naccati vaNe, NAvai NaTTAvA juvai-jaNe / kattha i hariNaiM bhaya-bhIyAI, saMsAraho jiha pavvaiyAI / kattha vi NANAviha-rukkha rAi, Na mahi kulavahuahe roma-rAi / ' isI prakAra sAgarAbhimukha pravAhita hotI huI narmadA nadI kA varNana kavi ne priyatama se milana ke lie jAtI huI sAja-sajjA-yukta strI ke rUpa meM kiyA hai - NammayAi mayaraharaho jatie, NAI pasAhaNu laiu turaMtie / ghavaghavati je jala-pabbhArA, te ji NAI Neura-jhaMkArA / puliNaI jAI be vi jAsu sacchAyaIM, tAI ji uDDhaNAI Na jAyaI / ja jalu khalai valai ullolai, rasaNA dAmu ta ji Na gholai / je Avatta samuTThiya caMgA, te ji NAI taNu tivali taraMgA / je jala hatthi kumbha sohillA, te ji NAI thaNa adhummillA / je DiMDIra Niyaru aMdolai, NAvai so ji hAru raMkholai / ja jalayara raNa ragiu pANiu, ta ji * NAI tambolu samANiu / mattahatthi maya mailiu ja jalu, ta ji NAI kiu akkhihi~ kajjalu / jAu taraMgiNIu avara uhau, tAi ji bhagurAu Na bhauhau / jAu bhamara patiu allINau, kesAvaliu tAu Na diNNau / " narmadA ke zabda karate hue jala-pravAha napura jhaMkAra ke sadRza haiM, donoM sundara pulina uparitana vastra ke samAna haiM / skhalita aura ucchalita jala razanAdAma kI bhrAti ko utpanna karatA hai, usake Avarta zarIra kI trivalI ke samAna haiM, usameM jala hasthiyoM ke sajala gaNDasthala ardhonmIlita stanoM ke samAna haiM / AMdolita phenapuMja laharAte hAra ke samAna pratIta hotA hai, - - - - ityAdi / mahApurANa meM carita nAyakoM ke varNana ke atirikta prakRti ke aneka dRzyoM kA manomugdhakArI aura hadayahArI varNana kavi puSpadanta ne kiyA hai| aise sthaloM se mahApurANa bharA huA hai / sUryodaya, candrodaya, sUryAsta14, saMdhyA15, nadI6, Rtu, sarovara, gaMgAvataraNa Adi varNanoM meM kavi kA prakRti ke prati anurAga pradarzita hotA hai / prAkRtika dRzyoM meM kavi ne prakRti kA AlaMbanarUpa se saMzliSTa varNana kiyA hai aura inake aneka navIna aura mAnava-jIvana se sambaddha upamAnoM kA prayoga huA hai / aneka sthaloM para navIna kalpanA kA paricaya bhI milatA hai / sUryAsta kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai - ramaNihiM saha ramaNu NiviThTha jAma, ravi atya sihari saMpattu tAma / rattau dIsai Na raihi Nilau, Na varuNAsA vahu ghusiNa tilau / Na sagga lacchimANikku Dhaliu, rattuppalu Na Naha sarahu ghuliu / NaM mukkau jiNa guNa suddhaeNa, Niya rAyapuju mayaraddhaeNa / adadau jalaNihi jali paiThTha, Na disi kuMjara kuMbhayalu dicha / cuu Niya chavi raMjiya sAyaraMbhu, Na diNa siriNArihi taNau gabbhu /
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 rakta varNa sUrya aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno rati kA nilaya ho, yA pazcimAzAvadhU kA kuMkuma tilaka ho, mAno svarga lakSmI kA mANikA Dhalaka gayA ho, yA nabha-sarovara kA rakta kamala gira par3A ho, athavA jinake guNoM para mugdha hue makaradhvaja ne apanA rAga-puMja chor3a diyA ho, yA samudra meM ardha praviSTa sUrya-maMDala diggaja ke kumbha ke samAna pratIta ho, nija chavi se sAgara jala ko raMjita karatA huA sUrya mAno dinazrI nArI ke patita garbha ke samAna gocara ho / raktamaNi bhuvanatala meM bhaTakate-bhaTakate vAsa ko na pAkara mAno punaH ratnAkara kI zaraNa meM gayA ho, astaMgata sUrya aisA jAna par3atA hai mAno jala bharatI huI lakSmI kA kanakavarNa kalaza chUTa kara jala meM DUba gayA ho / saMdhyA ke rAga se raMjita pRthvI ne pRthvIpati ke vivAha para dhAraNa kiyA huA kusuMbhI raMga mAno aba utArA ho / kavi ne nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM prakRti aura mAnava kA bimba- pratibimba bhAva se varNana kiyA mANava - bhavaNa - bharaha- khettovari viyaraNagamiyavAsaro / sIyArAmalakkhaNANaMdu va jAmatthamio diNesaro // 20 sItA haraNa ke anantara sItA rAma aura lakSmaNa ke AnaMda ke asta ho jAne ke samAna sUrya bhI asta ho gayA / mAnava jagat aura prAkRtika jagat kA bimba- pratibimba rUpa se citraNa nimnalikhita uddharaNa meM bahuta hI ramya huA hai / isameM asta hote hue sUrya aura asta hote hue zUravIroM kA varNana karate hue sAyaMkAla aura yuddhabhUmi meM sAmya pradarzita kiyA gayA hai etahi raNu kayasUratthavaNauM etahi jAyau ettahi vIrahaM viyaliu lohiu etahi kAlau gayamaya vibbhamu etahi karimottiyAM vihattaI etahi jayaNaravaijasu dhavalau etahi johavimukkaI cakkaI kavaNu NisAgamu kiM kira tahiM raNu sUratthavaNau / sohiu / tamItamu / ettahi jagu saMjhArui etahi pasarai maMdu etahi uggamiyaI etahi dhAvai sasiyara ettahi viraheM raDiyaI cakkaI / eu Na bujjhai jujjhai bhaDayaNu 121 17 NakkhattaI / melau / idhara raNabhUmi meM sUra - zUravIroM kA asta huA aura udhara sAyaMkAla sUra-sUrya kA / idhara vIroM kA rakta vigalita huA aura udhara jagat saMdhyA- rAga se zobhita huA / idhara kAlA gajoM kA mada aura udhara dhIre-dhIre aMdhakAra phailA / idhara hAthiyoM ke gaMDasthaloM se motI vikIrNa hue aura udhara nakSatra udita hue / idhara vijayI rAjA kA dhavala yaza bar3hA aura udhara zubhra candra / idhara yoddhAoM se vimukta cakra aura udhara viraha se Akrandana karate hue cakravAka / ubhayatra sAdRzya ke kAraNa yoddhAgaNa nizAgama aura yuddhabhUmi meM bheda na kara pAye aura yuddha karate rahe / - isa sAyaMkAla aura yuddhabhUmi ke sAmya pratipAdana dvArA kavi ne yuddhabhUmi meM sainikoM, hAthiyoM, ghor3oM aura astroM Adi kI nivir3atA aura tajjanya aMdhakAra sadRza dhUliprasAra kA aMkana bhI saphalatA ke sAtha kiyA hai / gaMgA kA varNana 22 karate hue kavi ne likhA hai matsyarUpI nayanoMvAlI, AvartarUpI gaMbhIra nAbhivAlI, navakusuma - mizrita bhramararUpI kezapAzavAlI, snAna karate hue hAthiyoM ke gaMDasthala ke samAna stanavAlI, zaivAlarUpI nIla caMcala netravAlI, taTasthita vRkSoM se patita madhurUpI kuMkuma se piMga varNavAlI,
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________________ 18 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 caMcala jala-taraMga-rUpI valivAlI, zveta bahate hue jhAgarUpI vastravAlI, pavanoddhata zubhra tuSArarUpI hAravAlI gaMgA suzobhita hotI hai / kavi pAvasa ke nAda aura varNajanya prabhAva se adhika prabhAvita huA hai / pAvasa kA varNana AkhA meM kAlimA aura kAnoM meM garjana upasthita karatA hai / viSa aura kAlindI ke samAna kRSNa meghoM se antarikSa vyApta ho gayA hai / gaja gaMDasthala se ur3Ae matta bhramara samUha ke samAna kAle-kAle bAdala cAroM ora chA rahe haiM / nirantara varSA dhArA se bhUtala bhara gayA hai / vidyuta ke girane ke bhaMyakara zabda se dhuloka aura pRthvIloka kA aMtarAla bhara gayA hai / nAcate hue matta mayUroM ke kalarava se kAnana vyApta hai / giri nadI ke guhA-praveza se utpanna sara-sara nAda se bhayabhIta vAnara cillA rahe haiM / AkAza indradhanuSa se alaMkRta megharUpI hasthiyoM se ghira gayA hai / biloM meM jaladhArA praveza se sarpa kruddha ho uThe haiN| pI-pI pukAratA huA papIhA jalabindu-yAcanA karatA hai| sarovaroM ke taToM para haMsa-pakti kolAhala karane lagI / caMpaka, caMdana, ciciNI Adi vRkSoM meM prANa sphurita ho uThA / zabda yojanA se eka prakAra kI aisI dhvani nikalatI-sI pratIta hotI hai ki bAdaloM ke anavarata zabda se AkAza dina aura rAta bharA huA hai aura raha-raha kara bijalI kI camaka dikhAyI de jAtI hai / varSA kI bhayaMkaratA kA zabdoM meM abhAva hai / vasaMta Rtu kA varNana karate hue kavi ne jahA~ anya padArthoM kA aMkana kiyA hai, vahA~ eka hI ghattA meM vasaMta ke prabhAvAtizaya kA aisA manohArI citraNa kiyA hai, jo lambe-lambe varNanoM se bhI nahIM ho pAtA - aMkuriyau kusumiu pallaviu mahusamayAgamu vilasai / viyasati aceyaNa taru vi jahiM tahiM Naru kiM Nau viyasai // 4 aMkurita, kusumita, pallavita vasaMtAgama zobhita hotA hai / jisa samaya alpacetana vRkSa bhI vikasita ho jAte haiM, usa samaya kyA cetana nara vikasita na ho ? prakRti ko cetana rUpa25 meM bhI kavi ne liyA hai / prakRti kA paramparAgata varNana karatA huA bhI kavi prakRti ko jIvana se susaMbaddha dekhatA hai / ataeva aise dRzya jo mAnava jIvana se saMbaddha haiM kavi kI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM ho pAte / isI prakAra bhavisayattakahA26 meM 3.24.5 meM araNya varNana, 4.3.1 meM gahana vana varNana, 4.4.3 meM saMdhyA varNana, 8.9.10 meM vasaMta kA bar3A sajIva va manomugdhakArI varNana kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne prakRti kA varNana AlaMbana rUpa meM kiyA hai / gahana vana kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai - disA maMDala jattha NAI alakkhaM / pahAya pi jANijjai jammi dukkhaM // . vana kI gahanatA se jahA~ dizA maMDala alakSya thA / jahA~ yaha bhI kaThinatA se pratIta hotA thA ki yaha prabhAta hai / dhavala kavi viracita harivaMzapurANa meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para prakRti-varNana milatA hai / kavi ne madhumAsa kA varNana karate hue likhA hai -
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 phagguNu gau mahamAsu parAyau, vaya saya kusumiya cAru maNohara, gumugumaMta svaNamaNaI suhAvahiM, kesu va varNAhiM dhaNAruNa phulliya, ghari-ghari NAri Niya taNu maMDahiM, mayaNuchaliu lou aNurAyau / vahu mayaraMda matta vahu mahayara / ahapaNaTTha pemmuukkovahiM / NaM virahagge jAla pamilliyA / hiMdolahiM hiMDahi uggAyahiM / vaNi parapuTTha mahuru ullAvahiM, sihiulu sihi siharehiM dhahAvA 127 phAlguna mAsa samApta huA aura madhumAsa (caitra) AyA / madana uddIpta hone lagA / loka anurakta ho gayA / vana nAnA puSpoM se yukta sundara aura manohara ho gayA / makaranda pAna se matta madhukara gunagunAte hue sundara pratIta ho rahe haiM ! gharoM meM nAriyA~ apane zarIra ko alaMkRta karatI haiM, jhUlA jhUla rahI haiM, vihAra karatI haiM, gAtI haiM, vana meM koyala madhura AlApa karatI haiM / sundara mayUra nRtya kara rahe haiM / dhU kavi viracita 'padmapurANa - balabhadrapurANa' meM bhI prakRti varNana yatra-tatra milatA ne grISmakAla kA varNana atyanta saMkSipta rUpa meM kiyA hai puNu uNha kAli pavvaya sirehiM / svara kiraNa karAvali tappirehiM // siri rAgama caupahiM jhANa lINu / ahaNisu tava tAve gatta svINu // 28 19 - kavi puSpadaMta dvArA viracita khaNDa kAvya 'NAyakumAracariu' 29 meM varNita prakRti varNana meM koI navInatA nahIM dikhAyI detI / nimnalikhita uddharaNa meM bANa kI zailI ke anurUpa kavi ne vaTa vRkSa kI satpuruSa se samAnatA dikhAyI hai / yahA~ zabdagata sAmya ke atirikta anya koI sAmya nahIM / navIna citrotpAdinI kalpanA kA abhAva hai sappurisu va thiramUlAhiThANu sappurisu va akusumaphalaNihANu / sappurisu va kai sevijjamANu sappurisu va diya varadiNNa dANu // sapparisu va parasaMtAvahAri sappuri va pattuddharaNakAri / sappurisa va tahiM vaDaviDavi atthi jahiM karai gaMDakaMDuyaNu hatyi // 30 | kavi 'jasaharacariu' 31 meM zukoM kA kSetroM meM cuganA, gauoM kA ikSu-khaNDa khAte hue vicaraNa karanA, vRSabha kA garjana aura jIbha se gau ko cATanA, bhaiMsoM kA maMtharagati se calanA, prapApAlikA bAlikAoM kA pAnI pilAte-pilAte apanA sundara mukhacandra dikhA kara pathikoM ko lubhA lenA Adi sabakA bar3A svAbhAvika varNana huA hai / 32 isI prakAra sUryodaya kA varNana bhI kavi ne bar3A sajIva kiyA haiiya mahu ciMtataho aruNayaru, Navapallavu NaM kaMkellitaru / uggami dumaNi jaNu raMjiyau, siMdUrapuMju NaM puMjiyau / aruNAyavattu Na Naha sirihi, Na cUDArayaNu udayagirihi / lohiyAluddhe jagu phADiyau, Na kAli cakku bhamADiyau / kuMkumapiMDu va disikAmiNihiM, ratuppalu saMjhApomiNihiM 133
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________________ 20 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 'lohiya lur3heM jagu phADiyau' meM yadyapi kucha jugupsA kA bhAva hai kintu varNana meM navInatA hai| isI prakAra ziprA nadI kA sundara varNana kavi ne kiyA hai / 34 zabda-yojanA aura chanda prayoga se manda-manda gati se kala-kala dhvani karatI huI nadI kI kalpanA bar3I hI manorama bana par3I hai| isI prakAra udyAna varNana35 Adi bar3A sundara bana par3A hai / saMdhyA varNana meM sUrya ke nisteja hone kA zleSa dvArA kAraNa pratipAdana, saMdhyA ke vilupta hone kI kalpanA aura candra kA varNana paramparA-bhukta nahIM kavi kI navonmeSiNI pratibhA ke dyotaka haiM / saMdhyA kA latArUpa meM jaga-maMDapa para chA jAnA, tAroM ke rUpa meM puSpa aura candra-rUpa meM phala kA pratipAdana, sundara kalpanA hai / 36 prakRti kA varNana zuddha AlaMbana rUpa meM kavi ne kiyA hai / mAnava pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM prakRti kA aMkana nahIM milatA / isI prakAra vIra kavi viracita 'jabUsAmicariu37 meM udyAna aura vasantAdi31 ke varNanoM dvArA kavi ne prAkRtika citra upasthita kiyA hai / nayanaMdI kRta 'sudasaNacariu40 meM kavi ne prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana meM prAyaH sabhI prasiddha upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha varNana adhikatara uddIpana rUpa meM hI dikhAyI detA hai / nadI, vasaMta-2, prabhAta varNana43 aura sUryAsta varNana dvArA sundara citra akita kiyA hai / isa kavi ke vasantotsava, upavana vihAra, sUryAsta Adi varNanoM meM usakA bAhya-prakRti kA nirIkSaNa dikhAyI detA hai / ataH prakRti kA nirIkSaNa strI-prakRti aMkana meM dRSTigata hotA hai| 'karakaMDacariu44 meM kavi ne yadyapi prAkRtika dRzyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, kintu varNanoM meM koI vizeSa camatkAra aura navInatA nahIM milatI / kavi kA hRdaya prakRti meM bhalI-bhA~ti rama nahIM paayaa| prakRti usake hRdaya meM vaha spandana aura sphUrti nahIM paidA kara sakI, jo isake pUrva puSpadanta Adi kaviyoM meM dikhAyI detI hai / udAharaNa ke lie gaMgA varNana 5 aura sarovara varNana ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| 'paumasirIcariu47 meM prakRti ke kucha khaMDacitra kavi ne akita kiye haiM / varNana nAyaka-nAyikA ke kArya kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM / padmazrI yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karatI hai, usake aura samudradatta ke hRdaya meM pUrvAnurAga ko utpanna karane ke lie kavi ne vasaMta mAsa kA 48 aura apUrvazrI udyAna kI zobhA kA varNana kiyA hai / varNana meM koI vizeSatA nahIM / paraMparAnusAra aneka vRkSoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / koyala kA kUkanA, bhauroM kA gUMjanA Adi kA kavi ne varNana kiyA hai| padmazrI aura samudradatta ke vivAhAnantara kavi saMdhyA aura candrodaya kA varNana karatA hai / 50 ina varNanoM meM prakRti bimba-pratibimba bhAva se bhI aMkita kI gayI hai / idhara padmazrI kA hRdaya anurAgapUrNa aura patimilana ke lie utsuka hai, udhara guru rAgaraMjita saMdhyAvadhU utkaMThita hai| ina varNanoM meM kavi kI kalpanA kahIM-kahIM anUThI aura adbhuta hai / saMdhyA samaya kamala baMda hone ko hai, unameM se bhaure nikala-nikala kara ur3a rahe haiM / kavi kahatA hai mAno kamalinI kAjalayukta azruoM se ro rahI hai / 51 prakRti varNana meM eka halkI-sI upadeza bhAvanA bhI milatI hai / sUryodaya kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai - parigalaya rayaNi uggamiu bhANu ujjoiu majjhima bhuyaNa bhANu / vicchAya kaMti sasi atthamei sakalaMkaha ki thiru udau hoi / maulati kumuya mahuyara muyati thira neha maliNa ki kaha vi huti / 52
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 21 rAta bIta gayI sUrya udita huA / - - - maMda kAtivAlA candramA asta ho rahA hai / kalaMkita kA udaya kyA sthira raha sakatA hai ? kumuda mukulita ho rahe haiM / madhukara unheM chor3a kara ur3a rahe haiM - kyA malina kAle kahIM sthira premI hote haiM / padamakIrti racita 'pAsacariu'53 ke chaThI sandhi meM grISmakAla aura usa kAla meM jala-krIr3A (6.11), varSAkAla (6.12), hemaMtakAla (6.13) Adi ke varNana sundara haiM / dasavIM saMdhi meM sUryAsta (10.9), rajanI (10.10), candrodaya (10.11) Adi ke varNana cittAkarSaka bana par3e haiM / addahamANa - abdula rahamAna kRta 'saMdeza rAsaka:54 meM kavi ne viraha varNana ke prasaMga meM hI SaD-Rtu varNana prastuta kiyA hai / virahiNI ko virahatApa ke kAraNa ye saba Rtue~ duHkhadAyinI aura arucikara pratIta hotI haiM / grISma Rtu meM tApa ko kama karane ke lie prayukta candana, kapUra, kamala Adi sAdhana usake tApa ko aura bar3hAte haiN| varSA Rtu meM jala-pravAha se sarvatra grISma kA tApa kama ho gayA, kintu Azcarya hai ki virahiNI ke hRdaya kA tApa aura bhI adhika bar3ha gayA ulhaviya gimhahavI dhArANivaheNa pAuse patte / accariya maha hiyae virahaggI tavai ahiayara // 55 zarada Rtu meM nadiyoM kI dhArA ke sAtha-sAtha virahiNI bhI kSINa ho gayI - jhijjhau~ pahiya jalihi jhijjhatihi, khijjau~ khajjoyahiM khajjatihi / sArasasarasu rasahiM ki sArasi / maha cira jiNNa dukkhu kiM sArasi / / kArtika meM divAlI AyI / logoM ne ghara sajAye, dIpaka jalAye, kintu virahiNI kA hRdaya usI prakAra duHkhI hai / zarad kA sArA saundarya usake prItama ko ghara na lA sakA / vaha Azcaryacakita ho kahatI hai - ki tahi desi Nahu phurai junha Nisi Nimmala caMdaha, aha kalarau na kuNati haMsa phala sevi ravidaha / aha pAyau Nahu par3hai koi sulaliya puNa rAiNa, * aha paMcamu Nahu kuNai koi kAvAliya bhAiNa / mahamahai ahava paccUsi Nahu osasittu ghaNa kusumabharu, aha muNiu pahiya / aNarasiu piu sarai samai ju na sarai gharu / 57 kyA usa deza meM rAtri meM nirmala candramA kI jyotsnA nahIM sphurita hotI yA kamala ke phaloM (kamala gaTTA) kA sevana karake haMsa kalarava nahIM karate yA koI rAga se sulalita prAkRta nahIM par3hatA yA koI usa kApAlika ke sAmane bhAvapUrvaka paMcama rAga nahIM cher3atA yA pratyUSa belA meM osasikta ghanakusumabhAra mahakatA nahIM yA pathika / maiM yaha mAna lU~ ki priya arasika ho gayA hai, jo vaha zarada kAla meM bhI ghara kA smaraNa nahIM karatA hai / / zarad ke anantara hemanta Rtu AtI hai / cAroM ora zIta ke prabhAva se koharA aura pAlA dikhAyI detA hai, kintu - jaliu pahiya ! savvaMgu virahahavi taDayaDavi, sarapamukka kaMdappa dappi dhaNu kaDayaDavi / ta sijjahi dukkhitta Na Ayau cittaharu, para maMDalu hiutu kavAliu khalu sabaru // 5 //
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________________ - apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 virahiNI kA sarvAMga virahAgni se 'tar3a-tar3a karake jala uThA / kaMdarpa darpapUrvaka dhanuSa kar3a-kar3Akara bANa chor3ane lagA / phira bhI viyoginI kI zayyA ke nikaTa vaha cittahara nahIM AyA / paradeza meM hI vaha kApAlika khala-zabara ghUmatA rahA / / isI prakAra hemanta Rtu AyI aura calI gayI, kintu priyatama ghara na AyA / hemanta ke anantara vasaMta apanI pUrNa sampatti ke sAtha vikasita ho uThA / vasaMta ke ullAsa, usakI puSpa-samRddhi, varNa-saundarya Adi kA kavi ne sundara varNana prastuta kiyA hai / 59 'sandeza rAsaka' kA Rtu-varNana svAbhAvika hai, jo kavi kI nirIkSaNa zakti kA paricAyaka hai| pratyeka Rtu meM prApya aura dRzyamAna vastuoM kA varNana milatA hai / isa prasaMga meM grAmya jIvana kA citra bhI sthAna-sthAna para kavi ne akita kiyA hai / varSA Rtu meM pathika hAtha meM jUte uThAkara jala pAra karatA hai - gibha taviNa khara tAviya bahu kiraNukkarihi, pau paDatu pukkharahu Na bhAvai pukkharihi / payahatthiNa kiya pahiya pahihi pavahatiyahi, pai pai pesai karalau gayaNi khivaMtayahi // 60 dIpAvalI ke avasara para A~khoM meM kAjala DAle aura gAr3he raMga ke vastra pahane grAmya nAriyoM kA bhI kavi ne varNana kiyA hai - ditiya Nisi dIvAliya dIvaya, Navasasireha sarisa kari lIaya, maMDahi bhuvaNa taruNa joikkhahi, mahiliya diti salAiya Akkhihi / kasiNaMbarihiM vihAviha bhagihi~, kaDDhiya kuDila aNegataraMgihi~ / miyaNAhiNa mayavaTTa maNohara, cacciya cakkAvaTTa payohara // 61 zizira meM thor3A-sA auTAkara sugandhita Ikha kA rasa pIte hue loga bhI dikhAyI dete haiM majjamukka saThaviu vivaha gadhakkarasu, pijjaiaddhAvaTTau rasiyahi ikkharasu / kuMdacautyi varatthaNi pINunnayathaNiya, Niyasatthari paluTaMti kevi sImatiNiya // 2 isa prakAra yaha Rtu-varNana uddIpana rUpa meM hote hue bhI svAbhAvika aura AkarSaka hai / varNana meM hRdaya kI Abhyantara sthiti kA bAhya prakRti meM kahIM-kahIM darzana ho jAtA hai / jAyasI kI bhA~ti addahamANa ke sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra, aura bAhyavastu-nirUpaka varNana bAhyavastu kI ora pAThaka kA dhyAna na le jAkara viraha-kAtara vyakti ke marmasthala kI pIr3A ko adhika vyakta karate haiM / kavi prAkRtika dRzyoM kA citra isa kuzalatA se aMkita karatA hai ki isase virahiNI ke virahAkula
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 hRdaya kI mamavedanA hI mukharita hotI hai / varNana cAhe jisa dRzya kA ho, vyaMjanA hRdaya kI komalatA aura marmavedanA kI hI hotI hai / 63 isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza kAvya meM prakRti-citraNa AlaMbana aura uddIpana donoM hI rUpoM meM huA hai / mahAkAvyoM meM svataMtra prakRti-varNana milatA hai / khaNDa-kAvyoM meM yatra-tatra / zRMgArI kAvyoM meM Rtu-varNana jaisI paraMparA ke kAraNa kaviyoM ko prakRti kI ora jhA~kane kA vizeSa avasara mila jAtA hai / SaDRtu kA varNana kAvya meM saMyogasukha yA virahaduHkha ko tIvratara dikhAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai / 1. AcArya rAmacandra zukla, cintAmaNi, prathama bhAga, pR. saM. 21 1 2. laMkA toraNamAli AtaraliNo kuMbhubbhavassAgameM, maMdA doliacaMdaNamaladAkappUra saMpakkiNo / kaMkolIkulakaMpiNo phaNiladANippaMda NehAvaA, caMDa cubida taM bapaNNisalilA vAaMti cetAnilA // 3. svayaMbhUdeva, paumacariu, 28.2 / 4. vahI, 28.3 / 5. vahI 1.4 / 6. vahI, 69.2 / 7. vahI, 69.3 / 17.2.13, 28.13, 70.14-15 | 18. vahI, 83.10 19. vahI, 39.12-13 / 23 rAjazekhara, karpUramaMjarI, 1/7 8. vahI, 31.3 1 9. vahI, 36.1 1 10. vahI, 14.3 1 11. puSpadanta, mahApurANa yA tisaTThimahApurarisaguNAlaMkAra, bhAga, 1-3, saM. DaoN. pI. ela. vaidya / 12. vahI, 4.18, 19, 16, 26 / 13. vahI, 4.16, 16.24 / 14. vahI, 4. 15, 13.8 1 15. vahI, 73.2 / * 16. vahI, 12, 5-8 / 20. vahI, 73.2 / 21. vahI, 28. 34.1-7 / 22., 12.5, 29.30, 12.6, 12.7 I 23. vahI, 2.13 / 24. vahI, 28.13, 10-11 / 25. vahI, 5.3 12-14 / 26. dhanapAla dhakkar3a, bhavisayattakahA, saM., zrI dalAla aura guNe, gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja, graMthAMka 20 /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 27. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. saM. 106 / 28. vahI, pR. saM. 118 / 29. puSpadaMta, NAyakumAracariu, saM. pro. hIrAlAla jaina, balAtkAragaNa jaina pablikezana sosAiTI kAraMjA, barAra / 30. vahI, 8.9. 1-4 / 31. puSpadaMta, jasaharacariu, saM. DaoN. parazurAma lakSmaNa vaidya, kAraMjA jaina pablikezana sosAiTI, kAraMjA, barAra / 32. vahI, pR. saM. 16-17 / 33. vahI, 2.12, 3-7 / 34. vahI, 3.1 / 35. vahI, 1.12 / 36. vahI, pR. saM. 25 / 37. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. saM. 147 / 38. vahI, pR. saM. 155 / 39. vahI, pR. saM. 154-155 / 40. vahI, pR. saM. 157 / 41. vahI, pR. saM. 164 / 42. vahI, pR. saM. 164-165 / 43. vahI, pR. saM. 165 / 44. muni kanakAmara, karakaMDacariu, saM. pro. hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA jaina graMthamAlA, braar| 45. vahI, 3.12, 5-10 / 46. vahI, 4.7, 3-8 / 47. divyadRSTi dhAhila, paumasirIcariu, saM. zrI madhusUdana modI tathA zrI harivallabha bhAyANI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI. / 48. vahI, 2.4 / 49. vahI, 2.5 / 50. vahI, 3.1 / 51. vahI, 3.1.6 / 52. vahI, 3.2 / 53. DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR. saM. 207 / 54. addahamANa-abdula rahamAna, saMdeza rAsaka, saM AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, vizvanAtha tripAThI, rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li., naI dillI / 55. vahI, 3.149 / 56. vahI, 3.165 / 57. vahI, 3.183 / 58. vahI, 3.185 / 59. vahI, 3.200-221 / 60. vahI, 3.141 / 61. vahI, 3.176-177 / 62. vahI, 3.195 / 63. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR. saM. 84 /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 apabhraMza ke katipaya kAvyarUpa aura unakA hindI para prabhAva * DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaDiyA ___ manuSya bhAva-pradhAna prANI hai / bhAvAbhivyakti karanA usakI svayaMjAta zakti hai / sAhityika bhASA meM usakI Adima abhivyakti prAkRta aura saMskRta sAhitya meM surakSita hai / prAkRta aura saMskRta ke bIca kI kar3I kA nAma hai - apabhraMza / apabhraMza kA janma-sthAna hai - loka / apabhraMza kI bhAvasampadA laukika, usake kAvyarUpa aura chaMda bhI lokAzrita rahe haiM / kalyANakArI bAtoM ke atirikta jana-mAnasa ko jAgatika aura AdhyAtmika Ananda se AplAvita karanevAle nAnA saMdoM aura prasaMgoM kI abhivyakti apabhraMza bhASA meM huI hai / apabhraMza vAGmaya kA bhAva aura rUpa loka-mAnasa kI akSaya nidhi hai / hindI ko janma dekara apabhraMza apanI sAhityika dharohara ko virAsata meM sauMpatI hai / isa prakAra mAnavI bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI sudIrgha paramparA apabhraMza se hokara hindI sAhitya-dhArA meM samAhita huI hai / apabhraMza kI rUpa-rAzi meM kAvyarUpa kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / yahA~ usake katipaya kAvyarUpoM ke maulika svarUpa kI carcA karanA tathA unakA hindI para prabhAva-viSayaka carcA karanA hamArA mUla abhipreta rahA hai / apabhraMza vAGmaya kI abhivyakti zatAdhika kAvyarUpoM meM huI hai / una sabhI kAvyarUpoM meM katipaya aise kAvyarUpa bhI haiM jo apabhraMza kI sudIrgha paramparA meM Adi se anta taka ciraMjIvI rahe haiM / sAtha hI aise aneka kAvyarUpa apabhraMza kI kokha se janmI hindI kAvyadhArA ko nirantara pravahamAna karate haiM /
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________________ 26 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa para kAvyAbhivyakti jina kAvyarUpoM meM huI hai unheM do mukhya rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / prathama rUpa hai prabandha aura dvitIya rUpa muktaka hai / apabhraMza kI prabandhAtmaka kAvyAbhivyakti purANa, cariu tathA khaNDakAvyoM meM prabhUta parimANa meM huI hai| apabhraMza kA parama puSTa kAvyarUpa hai - purANa / purANa kAvya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA apabhraMza sAhitya meM rahI hai jisameM presaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana-caritra vastutaH race gae haiM / caubIsa tIrthaMkara - RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIraparyanta, dvAdaza cakravartI - bharata se lekara brahmadattaparyanta, nava vAsudeva - tripuSTa se lekara kRSNaparyanta, nava baladeva - vijaya se lekara rAma-balarAmaparyanta tathA nava prativAsudeva - sugrIva se lekara jarAsaMdhaparyanta milakara zresaTha zalAkA puruSa ke rUpa ko svarUpa pradAna karate haiM / jainAcAryoM ne isa bhAva-sampadA kA mUla srota prathamAnuyoga meM mAnA hai / mahAkavi svayambhU aura mahAkavi puSpadanta ke vizAla kAvya isI kAvyarUpa meM race gae hindI meM yaha kAvyarUpa apane maulika rUpa-purANa meM avatarita huA hai / hindI ke madhyakAla ke mahAkavi bhadharadAsa dvArA praNIta 'pAvapurANa' nAmaka mahAkAvya vastutaH ullekhanIya hai| isI paramparA meM kavivara bhAgacandra dvArA racita neminAthapurANa, khuzAlacandra kAlA dvArA praNIta harivaMzapurANa evaM padmapurANa isa kAvyarUpa kI paramparA ko gati pradAna karate haiM / ___ purANoM kI bhA~ti prabandhAtmaka kAvyarUpa hai - kahA / yaha kAvyarUpa nizcitarUpa se mahAkAvya kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / "hindI mahAkAvya kA svarUpa tathA vikAsa' nAmaka svaracita graMtha meM DaoN. zambhUnAtha siMha svIkArate haiM ki kahA athavA kathA kAvyarUpa meM prAyaH sabhI kAvyopama guNa milate haiM / apabhraMza kAvya meM 'suyazapaMcamIkahA' jaise aneka kAvya race gae haiN| mahAkavi dhanapAla dvArA racita bhavisayattakahA, kavivara lAkhU dvArA praNIta candaNachaTTIkahA tathA jiNayattakahA, udayacandra racita suaMdhadahamIkahA, bAlacaMda dvArA praNIta NidukkhasattamIkahA arthAt nirduHkhasaptamI vratakathA tathA naraka utArI dudhArasI kathA, mahAkavi raidhU ke puNyAzrava kahA tathA aNathamiu kahA, kavivara vimalakIrti praNIta sokhavaivihANa kahA, bhaTTAraka guNabhadra dvArA racita sayaNavAra sivihANa kahA, pakkhavaivaya kahA, AyAsapaMcamI kahA, caMdAyaNavayakahA, caMdaNachaTThIkahA, naraka-utArI dugdhArasa kahA, NidukkhasattamI kahA, mauDasattamI kahA, puSphaMjalI kahA, rayaNattayavaya kahA, dahalakkhaNavaya kahA, aNaMtavaya kahA laddhivihANa kahA, solahakAraNavaya kahA tathA sugaMdha dahamI kahA, haricandra racita aNatthamiya kahA, tathA mANikacanda dvArA praNIta sattavasaNa kahA Adi aneka kahA kAvyarUpa meM racita kAvya upalabdha 'kahA' athavA kathA kAvyarUpa hindI meM apabhraMza se hI gRhIta kiyA gayA / hindI meM kavivara kizanasiMha dvArA rAtribhojanatyAgavata kahA, kavivara bhAU racita ravivrata kathA, khuzAlacandra kAlA dvArA praNIta vratakahAkoza ullekhanIya hai / isI prakAra kavivara jodharAja godIkA dvArA 'kahAkoza' draSTavya hai / apabhraMza bhASA kA anyatama sazakta kAvyarUpa hai - rAsa / Arambha meM 'rAsa' eka sAmUhika gIta nRtya rahA hogA kintu kAlAntara meM vaha geya rUpaka ke rUpa meM vikasita huA aura taba se prabandhazailI ke rUpa meM rAsa racA gayA / apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya meM DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina kI mAnyatA hai ki rAsa jaba loka-paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai taba usakA nATyarUpa mukhara ho uThatA hai aura jaba vaha sAhityika paramparA meM vyavahRta hotA hai taba usakA rUpa prabandhAtmaka ho jAtA hai|
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 21 prApta rAsakAvyoM ke AdhAra para yaha sahaja meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa kAvyarUpa kA prayoga prabandha aura khaNDakAvyoM ke rUpa meM huA hai / aisI sthiti meM rAsakAvya kI samAnatA 'cariu' kAvyarUpa ke sAtha sahaja meM kI jA sakatI hai / rAsakAvyoM kA pahale praNayana apabhraMza aura gurjara mizrita rAjasthAnI bhASA meM huA thA / isa kAvyarUpa ke pravartana kA zreya jainAcAryoM ko rahA hai| DaoN. ambAdatta panta svaracita 'apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA aura vidyApati graMtha meM 'upadeza rasAyana rAsa' ko pramukha racanA mAnate haiM / isa rAsa ke racayitA haiM - jinadatta sUri / apabhraMza bhASA meM rAsakAvya racane kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai / kavivara vinayacandra kRta cUnar3IrAsa, bhagavatIdAsa racita DhADANArAsa, AdityarAsa, pakhavAr3ArAsa, dazalakSaNarAsa, samAdhirAsa, jogIrAsa, manakarahArAsa, rohiNIvratarAsa, kavi yogadevakRta bArasa aNuvekkhArAsa, jinaharSakRta uttamakumArarAsa, sUravinayakRta ratnapAla-ratnAvalIrAsa, jayavimalakRta jambUsvAmIrAsa tathA RSabhadAsa viracita harisUrirAsa ullekhanIya apabhraMzarAsakAvya haiM / hindI meM rAsa kAvyarUpa rAsaka, rAso ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai / nATya-loka meM nRtya aura saMgIta kI pramukhatA ke kAraNa zRMgArapradhAna dhArA lokaprasiddha aura pracalita ho gayI / 'hindI sAhitya koza' prathama bhAga meM DaoN. dhIrendra varmA ne pRSTha 713 para spaSTa kiyA ki solahavIM zatAbdI meM ballabhAcArya tathA hitaharivaMza ne isI kAvyarUpa meM dharma ke aMga ke sAtha nRtya kI punaH sthApanA kii| isa prakAra rAsa nAmaka kAvyarUpa phira nATyarUpa pA gayA / hindI meM isa lokapriya rAsakAvya ko apanAkara AzrayadAtAoM se sambandhita aneka rAsakAvyoM kI sarjanA kI gaI hai / pRthvIrAjarAso, khumANarAso Adi / khaNDakAvya kI zreNI meM bIsaladevarAso vastutaH ullekhanIya kAvya hai / apabhraMza ke uttarArdha aura hindI ke AdikAla meM jainetara kavirmanISI abdularahamAna praNIta rAsakAvyarUpa meM 'sandeza rAsaka' nAmaka kRti kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / apabhraMza kA rAsakAvyarUpa hindI ke jaina kaviyoM dvArA Arambha se hI vyavahRta huA hai / apabhraMza kI prabaMdhAtmaka kAvyAbhivyakti ke lie 'cariu' nAmaka kAvyarUpa kA prayoga pracura parimANa meM huA hai / caritakAvya kI kucha nijI vizeSatAe~ haiM jinake kAraNa vaha purANa, itihAsa ra kathA se bhinna tathA eka vizeSa prakAra kA prabaMdha kAvya mAnA jAtA hai / saMskRta meM cAra zailiyoM ke prabandha kAvya milate haiM- 1. zAstrIya zailI 2. aitihAsika zailI 3. paurANika zailI aura 4.romAsika zailI / inameM se prathama ke atirikta zeSa tIna zailiyoM meM carita kAvya hote haiM / apabhraMza meM paurANika aura romAsika ina do hI zailiyoM ke prabandha kAvya milate haiM aura ve sabhI carita kAvya haiM / paumacariu kI bhUmikA meM zrI hariballabha bhayANI apanI mAnyatA isa prakAra vyakta karate haiM ki - svarUpa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza ke paurANika kAvyoM aura carita kAvyoM meM bahuta antara nahIM hai / paurANika kAvyoM meM viSaya kA vistAra bahuta adhika hone se saMdhi arthAt sarga saMkhyA pacAsa se savA sau taka hotI hai, kintu carita kAvyoM meM viSaya-vistAra maryAdita hotA hai jisase sarga yA sadhi saMkhyA adhika nahIM hotI / zeSa bAtoM jaise saMdhi, kar3avaka, tuka, pakti-yugala Adi meM donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hotA / apabhraMza meM cariu kAvya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai / svayambhUkRta paumacariu, riTraNemicariu, soddhayacariu tathA paMcamicariu, puSpadanta viracita NAyakumAracariu aura jasaharacariu, vIrakavi kA jaMbUsvAmicariu, zrIdhara praNIta pAsanAhacariu tathA vaDDhamANacariu, devasena praNIta
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 suloyaNAcariu, amarakIrtigaNi ke NeminAhacariu, mahAvIracariu evaM jasaharacariu, muni kanakAmara kA karakaMDacariu, mahAkavi siMha kA pajjaNNa tathA mahAkavi raidhUkRta mehesaracariu, NemiNAhacariu, pAsaNAhacariu, sammaijiNacariu, tisaTThi mahApurisacariu, jasaharacariu, sudaMsaNacariu tathA sukkosalacariu adhika ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ haiM / 28 hindI meM cariu yA carita kAvyarUpa kA avataraNa Arambha se hI huA / DaoN. zambhUnAthasiMha ke anusAra hindI meM cariu carita saMjJA meM chaH prakAra se prApta hote haiM dhArmika, pratIkAtmaka, vIragAthAtmaka, premAkhyAnaka, prazastimUlaka tathA lokagAthAtmaka / dhArmika carita kAvyoM meM rAmacarita - mAnasa tathA dazAvatAra, pratIkAtmaka carita kAvyoM meM padmAvata, mRgAvatI tathA madhumAlatI, vIra gAthAtmaka carita kAvyoM meM pRthvIrAjarAso, hammIrarAso Adi, premAkhyAnaka carita kAvyoM meM bIsaladevarAsa, chitAIvArtA tathA naladamana Adi, prazastimUlaka carita kAvyoM meM vIrasiMha devacarita tathA chatraprakAza Adi tathA lokagAthAtmaka carita kAvyoM meM DholAmArU rA dUhA aura Alha khaNDa Adi ullekhanIya hindI cariu yA carita kAvya haiM / - apabhraMza kA caritapradhAna kAvyarUpa hai - phAgu / yaha kAvyarUpa harSollAsa evaM nRtya - pradhAna prasaMgoM meM vyavahRta hotA hai / phAgu vastutaH vaha geya rUpaka hai jo madhu-mahotsava meM gAyA aura khelA jAtA hai / 'apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA aura vidyApati nAmaka svakRti meM DaoN. aMbAdatta panta likhate haiM ki apabhraMza ke jinapadmasUri dvArA praNIta sirithUlibhaddaphAgu phAgukAvya paramparA kA pravartana karatA hai / apabhraMza ke jinaprabodhasUri dvArA praNIta jinacandrasUriphAgu, samadharakRta neminAthaphAgu, rAjazekharakRta neminAthaphAgu, rAjavallabha kA thUlabhaddaphAgu Adi ullekhanIya kAvya haiM / hindI sAhitya meM usa kAvyarUpa kA prayoga phAga, phaguA aura basanta nAmaka saMjJAoM meM huA hai / kabIra ne phaguA kAvyarUpa ko apanAkara hindI phAgukAvyarUpa ke dvAra khole haiN| phAgu kI yaha paramparA aThArahavIM zatI taka jaina hindI kaviyoM dvArA pravahamAna rahI hai / apabhraMza vAGmaya kI abhivyakti nAnA kAvyarUpoM meM huI hai / bArahamAsA kAvyarUpa aise virala kAvyarUpoM meM se eka hai jinakA na kevala janma apabhraMza meM huA apitu apabhraMza ne bArahamAsA kAvya- paramparA ko nirbAdha rUpa se pravahamAna rakhA hai / yahA~ yaha kAvyarUpa bArahanAuM ke rUpa meM bhI upalabdha hai / apabhraMza meM bArahamAsA kAvyarUpa Adarza puruSoM ke vairAgyamUlaka sandarbhoM, Atmika guNoM tathA vaMdanAtmaka prayojana ke lie vyavahuta huA hai / bArahamAsA meM bArahamahIne kI prakRti kA ullekhakara kavi apane manoratha kI abhivyakti karatA hai / jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke viyoga meM yaha jIva jAgatika jIvana varSa ke vividha mahInoM kI prakRti ko pAkara sukha - duHkha bhogatA hai| atirikta mAsa ke Agamana para vaha apane priya se milatA hai / AdhyAtmika prasaMga meM yaha milana zivapura arthAt mokSa prApti meM hotA hai / " apabhraMza ke 12-13vIM zatI ke jainAcArya zrI vinayacandrasUrikRta neminAtha catuSpadikA nAmaka bArahamAsA abhI taka prApta sabhI bArahamAsoM meM prAcIna vidita hotA hai / yaha kAvya caupaI chaMda meM racA hai ataH ise catuSpadikA kI saMjJA prApta hai, para yaha kAvya hai bArahamAsA hI jo zrAvaNa mAsa se prArambha hotA hai / isake nAyaka nemi - rAjula haiM / vaivAhika anuSThAna se pUrva pazuoM kI cItkAra unheM vairAgya ke lie prerita karatI hai phalasvarUpa AtmadhyAna hetu nAyaka girigAmI ho jAtA
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 29 hai / pratyeka mahIne kI prakRti kA bodha karAtI huI dhyAna bhaMga hone kI AzaMkA nAyikA vyakta karatI hai / vratI nAyaka ko apane nizcaya se cyuta karane meM asamartha nAyikA rAjamatI antataH svayaM vairAgya dhAraNa karatI hai / nemicatuSpadikA ke isa kathya kA Adarza mAnakara aneka bArahamAse race gae / isa dRSTi se jinadharma sari kA 'bArahanAvau~ ullekhanIya prAcIna kRti hai / isI paramparA meM pAlhaNakRta bArahamAsA tathA jinaharSa kA bArahamAsA ullekhanIya hai / hindI meM bArahamAsA Arambha se hI gRhIta huA hai / 'hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga' nAmaka svakRti meM DaoN. nAmavarasiMha bArahamAsA ko hindI kI apanI vizeSatA svIkArate haiM para yaha mAnyatA aitihAsika dRSTi se satya aura prAmANika nahIM hai / hindI meM yaha kAvyarUpa apabhraMza se avatarita huA hai / yahA~ yaha kAvyarUpa jaina-jainetara kaviyoM dvArA prabhUta parimANa meM racA gayA hindI meM bArahamAsA pratyeka zatAbdi meM racA gayA hai / pRthvIrAjarAso meM yaha kAvyarUpa antarbhukta rUpa meM prayukta hai / kabIradAsa, narapatinAlha, guru nAnaka, kezavadAsa, jAyasI, senApati, kutabana maMjhana, sAdhana, nandadAsa, mIrAbAI, barakatullA, cAcA vRndAvanadAsa Adi hindI kaviyoM dvArA yaha kAvyarUpa vyavahRta huA hai / hindI jaina kaviyoM dvArA to yaha kAvyarUpa saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM racita hai / unnIsavIM zatI ke pazcAt yaha kAvya-dhArA loka-sAhitya meM praveza kara jAtI hai| uparyakita vivecana se yaha sahaja meM pramANita ho jAtA hai ki kAvya ke aneka aMgoM kI bhA~ti kAvyarUpa kI dRSTi se bhI hindI apabhraMza se prabhAvita hai / purANa, kahA, rAsa, cariu, phAgu tathA bArahamAsA aise katipaya kAvyarUpa haiM jinakA janma apabhraMza kI kokha se huA unakA pallavana aura poSaNa bhI / ye sabhI kAvyarUpa apabhraMza se hindI ko prApta hokara nirantara ciraMjIvI rahe
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 mukku giMbhaNAma saro Nisiyaru rosavasu saru sisiru sacAvi Nivesai / dohaggayacittu jiha dIharu sahasA sapesai / / himakaNamiseNa Navara paripaDuru saurisajasu va dhAvae / ahiNavapaNau jema viyaratau taNuromacu dAvae / / sisiravANappahAreNa oNalliyA, vitarI bolliyA / iya paryapei to gibha NAma saro, mukku bhAbhAsuro / tappahAveNa dhagadhagai dhUlIsaraM, bhamai DabaraM / lulai kiDi kaddame susai pallalajala, jalai dAvANala / dusahajalatisae phuTTei jIhAdala, sarai jaNu tarutala / sudasaNacariu 11.20, 21 - (nizAcara evaM vyaMtarI meM paraspara yuddha ho rahA hai) taba nizAcara ne roSa ke vazIbhUta apane dhanuSa para dIrgha zizira bANa rakhA (aura) use sahasA chor3a diyA, jisa prakAra koI dukhI cita hokara apane sira ko hAtha para rakhe aura dIrgha ThaNDA svara chor3atA hai / vaha ati zveta bANa aise daur3A jaise mAno himakaNoM ke bahAne se kisI satpuruSa kA ati ujjvala yaza prasAra kara rahA ho / usane aisA romAMca prakaTa kiyA mAno vaha abhinava praNaya kara rahA ho| (usa) zizirabANa ke prahAra se Ahata vyaMtarI bolI / x aisA kahate hI vyaMtarI ne abhI prabhA se camakatA huA grISma nAmaka bANa chor3A / usake prabhAva se dhUli-pravAha dhagadhagAne lagA / raja kA bavaMDara ghUmane lagA / kIcar3a meM zUkara loTane lgaa| kuMDI kA jala sUkhane lagA aura dAvAnala jalane lagA / jala kI dusaha pyAsa se jihvAdala phUTane lagA aura loga tarutala kI zaraNa lene lage / anu., DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 apabhraMza ke kucha prAGmadhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya * DaoN. siyArAma tivArI sAmAnyataH 1400 I. se 1850 I. taka kA kAla hindI-sAhitya ke itihAsa meM madhyakAla mAnA jAtA hai / isa yuga meM pracura khaNDakAvyoM kI racanA huI / kintu isake pahale bhI kucha acche khaNDakAvya likhe gaye haiM jinakA vivecana isa lekha kA uddezya hai / sandeza rAsaka - isa yuga kA pahalA khaNDakAvya abdularahamAna kA 'sandeza rAsaka ullekhanIya hai / yaha paravartI apabhraMza meM likhA gayA hai / isakA racanA-kAla bArahavIM zatI IsvI ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bilkula saMskRta dUtakAvyoM kI paramparA meM hai / yaha tIna prakramoM meM vibhAjita do sau teIsa chaMdoM kA eka sundara khaNDakAvya hai / isameM kula bAIsa prakAra ke chaMda vyavahRta hue haiM - rAsA, caupaiya, laMkoDaya, aDillA, maDillA, paddhaDiyA, kavva athavA vatyu, kAmiNImohaNa, dubaI, khaNijja, gAhA, dohA, cUDillaya, phullaya, Domilaya, kharaDDA, chappaya, khaDahar3aya, khaMdhaya, mAlinI, nadiNI aura bhamarAvalI / isake Adi aura aMta meM AzISa hai / isa kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake chaMda eka ora to muktaka ke guNoM se yukta haiM aura dUsarI ora ve kathA-sUtra meM bhI grathita haiN| isa taraha vAmana ne jo yaha kahA hai ki pahale muktaka kI siddhi ho letI hai, usake bAda prabaMdha kI siddhi hotI hai, vaha 'sandeza rAsaka' ke lie pUrNataH lAgU hai / ata gItAtmaka kalevara meM yaha eka sundara khaNDakAvya hai / isameM eka proSitapatikA kA viraha-nivedana aura aMta meM usakA saMyoga varNita hai / isa taraha ise saMyogAMta viraha-kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha nAyikA-pradhAna racanA hai, kyoMki isameM usIke
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________________ 32 apabhraMza bhAratI-2 manobhAvoM kI abhivyakti hai / aMta meM nAyaka ke Agamana kI sUcanA hai, para kavi nAyaka-nAyikA kA milana saMghaTita karane ke lie rukA nahIM hai aura usane kathA kA dvAra baMda kara liyA hai / vijayanagara kI eka virahiNI jisakA pati stambhatIrtha calA gayA thA, viyogAnala meM jalatI huI apanA samaya bitA rahI thI / eka dina stambhatIrtha jAte hue eka pathika ko roka kara usane gaMtavya aura Agamana sthAna pUchA / jaba usane yaha jAnA ki sAmora se AnevAlA yaha pathika usI stambhatIrya ko jA rahA hai jahA~ usakA pati gayA huA hai, to usakI vihvalatA acAnaka bar3ha gayI, usane pathika se nivedana kiyA ki merA pati bhI mujhe chor3akara vahIM calA gayA hai, isalie merA sandeza lete jAo / usakI karuNA-vigalita vANI sunakara pathika ruka gayA aura viyoginI apanI vyathA kI parateM khola kholakara rakhane lagI / padhika bIca-bIca meM apanI Uba prakaTa karatA thA, kintu use viyuktA kA rudana rukane ke lie bAdhya kara detA thA / aMta meM pathika ne pUchA ki kisa Rtu meM tumhArA priya tumheM chor3akara calA gayA / isa para virahiNI ne grISma se lekara chahoM RtuoM kI apanI dazA kA varNana sunA diyA / sandeza lekara pathika jAnA hI cAhatA thA ki nAyaka AtA huA dikhAI par3A / viraha - kAvya kI dRSTi se 'sandeza rAsaka' kA kevala apabhraMza- sAhitya hI meM nahIM, balki samagra hindI sAhitya meM apanA mahattva hai / atyanta kSINa kathAnaka para kavi ne viraha kA jo tAnA-bAnA bunA hai, vaha adbhuta hai / virahiNI kA to aisA citra utArA gayA hai ki vaha viraha kI sAkAra pratimA ho gayI hai / pathika ko dekhakara vaha itanI utAvalI se usake pAsa daur3atI hai ki usakI kaTi se karAnI TUTakara gira jAtI hai| karadhanI meM sudRDha grathi dekara usane ThIka kiyA hI thA ki usakI mauktika mAlA TUTakara bikhara gayI / jaise-taise mAlA ko usane sameTa kara rakha liyA aura daur3I, kintu zIghra hI usake nUpura pairoM meM pha~sakara chitarA gye| vaha virahotkaMThitA samhalakara uThI hI thI ki usakA zirovastra phaTa gyaa| usake ThIka karane ke prayatna meM usakI colI phaTa gayI / ataH vaha apane kara pallava se hI stanoM ko Dha~kakara pathika ke pAsa daur3akara phuNcii| isa citra meM nAyikA kA utAvalApana aura usakI dIna-dazA phUTI par3atI hai / phira usane priya ko jo sandeza bhejA hai usameM manovaijJAnika sUjha draSTavya hai| saccA puruSa cunautI sahana nahIM karatA / aura puruSa ke lie isase bar3I lalakAra kyA ho sakatI hai ki usakI yogya vastu ke dUsarA koI hAtha lagAye ? ataH sandeza meM virahiNI apane priya ke puruSatva ko ubhArane kA prayatna karatI hai / vaha kahatI hai ki tumhAre jaise pauruSavAna pati ke rahate hue bhI mujhe parAbhava sahana karanA par3a rahA hai, kyoMki jina aMgoM ke sAtha tumane vilAsa kiyA hai, ve a virahAnala ke grAsa ho rahe haiM / sandeza ke sAtha virahiNI kA hRdaya bhI kar3ha kara Ane lagatA hai, vaha bilakha-bilakha kara rone lagatI hai aura itanA rotI hai ki vaha pathika kI sahana-zakti ke pare ho jAtA hai / taba pathika kAtara hokara kahatA hai ki devI jaise bhI ho apane A~suoM ko roko aura rokara yAtrI kA amaMgala na kro| isa para virahiNI jo uttara detI hai usameM usakI dInatA mUrta ho uThI hai| vaha apane priya ke lie taba antima sandeza detI hai ki mere hRdayarUpI ratnAkara ko tumhAre prema ke guru maMdara ne mathakara sabhI sukha ratnoM ko nikAla liyA hai / usakI isa ukti meM mAtra rUpaka kA camatkAra nahIM balki marma ko chU denevAlI pIr3A bhI hai / - isa pIr3A ko khojate khojate vaha apane priya kI arasikatA taka pahu~ca jAtI hai / vaha pathika se pUchatI hai ki jisa deza meM merA priya rahatA hai kyA vahA~ candramA kI zItala zubhra jyotsnA nahIM
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 33 chiTakatI, kamaloM ke bIca kyA haMsa vahA~ kalarava nahIM karatA yA koI rAgayukta prAkRtika kAvya nahIM par3hatA yA kokilA hI paMcama svara meM nahIM gAtI athavA prAtaHkAla meM osasikta dakSiNa pavana nahIM calatA aura taba yaha pUchatI hai ki he pathika / kyA merA priya hI to arasika nahIM hai / __'sandeza rAsaka' meM prakRti kI suramya chaTA sarvatra hai / isameM prakRti kA eka ora yadi svAbhAvika aura manorama rUpa citrita huA hai to dUsarI ora sUcI bhI prastuta kI gayI hai / pathika ne sAmora nagara kA varNana karate hue vahA~ kI vanaspatiyoM kA nAma ginAyA hai / bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa (zAlibhadra)- yaha DaoN. dazaratha ojhA dvArA sampAdita 'rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya' meM saMkalita hai / isakI racanA 1184 I. meM huI hai / isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki dezI bhASA kI prAcInatama pustakoM meM se eka hai / isameM dohA, caupai, rAsA Adi chaMda prayukta hue haiM aura kula milAkara 205 chaMdoM meM pustaka pUrNa huI hai / kavi ne RSabha jinezvara ke caraNoM meM praNati nivedita karake, sarasvatI kA mana meM smaraNa karake aura guru-pada kamala kI vaMdanA karake kathArambha kiyA hai / aMta meM phala-varNana evaM racanA-kAla kA saketa hai / isameM bharatezvara aura bAhubalI kI prasiddha kathA kahI gayI hai / jambUdvIpa ke ayodhyA nagara meM RSabha jinezvara kI do rAniyA~ sunandA aura sumaMgalA se kramazaH bAhubalI aura bharata putra hue / donoM yazasvI aura parAkramI the / RSabhezvara ne bharata ko ayodhyA tathA bAhubalI ko takSazilA kA rAjya sauMpa kara vairAgya le liyA / jisa dina unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA usa dina bharata ke astrAgAra meM eka divya cakraratna utpanna huA / bharata divya astra pAkara digvijaya ke lie nikalA aura cakraratna kI sahAyatA se sabhI rAjAoM ko parAsta kara lauTA / kintu cakra ayodhyA ke bAhara hI ruka gayA / usake maMtrI ne bhAiyoM ko avijita chor3a dene ko hI isakA kAraNa batAyA / ataH bharatezvara aura bAhubalI meM yuddha zuru huA / indra ne madhyasthatA karake yaha yuddha banda karAyA aura unake parAmarzAnusAra bharata evaM bAhubalI meM vacana-yuddha, dRSTi-yuddha aura daNDa-yuddha hue jinameM bAhubalI kI hI vijaya huI / hArane para bharata ne divya cakra calA diyA, yadyapi cakra bAhubalI kA kucha bigAr3a nahIM sakA tathApi unheM cakravartI samrATa ke isa vyavahAra se glAni huI aura unheM nirveda ho gayA / bharata ne unake caraNoM meM zIza navAkara kSamA yAcanA kI para ve tapa karane cale hI gaye aura unhoMne kaivalya kI prApti kI / neminAtha caupai (vinayacandra sUri) - isakA racanA kAla 1296 I. se 1301 I. ke bIca meM anumita kiyA jAtA hai / isameM neminAtha aura rAjula kI ati lokapriya kathA kahI gayI hai| isa caritra para madhyakAla ke aMta taka khaNDa-kAvya likhe jAte rahe haiM / bIsaladeva rAsa (narapati nAlha) - 'bIsaladeva rAsa' prAcIna hindI-sAhitya kI jitanI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai, utanI hI bahucarcita bhI hai / isakI aitihAsikatA evaM isake pATha kI prAmANikatA para vidvAnoM ne paryApta vimarza kiyA hai / 'bIsaladeva rAsa' eka uttama khaNDakAvya hai aura 'saMdeza rAsaka' ke pazcAt prAGmadhyakAla kI yaha dUsarI kAvya-kRti hai jo sabhI dRSTiyoM se khaNDakAvya hai| isakI racanA 1343 I. ke Asa-pAsa mAnI gayI hai / isake Arambha meM stuti evaM aMta meM phalazruti hai / kathA isa prakAra hai - ajamera ke rAjA bIsaladeva kA vivAha dhAra ke zAsaka bhojarAja kI putrI rAjamatI se huA / eka dina bIsaladeva ne rAjamatI se garvapUrvaka kahA ki mere samAna dUsarA rAjA nahIM hai / isa para rAjamatI ne uttara diyA ki ghamaMDa nahIM karanA cAhie, usake samAna to aneka rAje haiM jinameM se eka to ur3IsA kA hI rAjA hai, jisake rAjya meM khAnoM se hIre usI taraha nikalate haiM jisa taraha ajamera meM sAMbhara se namaka nikalatA hai / bIsaladeva ko yaha bAta
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________________ 34 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 laga gayI / vaha ur3IsApati ke yahA~ jAkara sevaka bana gayA / navapariNItA rAjamatI viraha meM tar3apane lagI / aMta meM usane brAhmaNa ko dUta banA kara bhejA / usa samaya ur3IsA ke darabAra meM yaha rahasya khulA ki bIsaladeva ajamera nareza haiM / ataH usane bahuta-se hIre, ratna Adi dekara bIsaladeva ko vidA kiyA / bIsaladeva aura rAjamatI kA punarmilana huA / yaha bhI 'sandeza rAsaka' kI taraha eka viraha-kAvya hI hai / rAjamatI Azraya hai aura bIsaladeva Alambana / isa taraha isameM bhI nAyikA rAjamatI kI hI pradhAnatA hai / 'bIsaladeva rAsa' kathA-yojanA ke kAraNa hI nAyikA-pradhAna nahIM ho gayA hai apitu rAjamatI kA vyaktitva hI bIsaladeva se prabalatara hai| bIsaladeva yahA~ eka pauruSahIna nareza ke rUpa meM upasthita hai / apanI patnI kI nItipUrNa bAta ko tAnA samajhakara vaha ghara chor3a detA hai aura jisa rAjA kA dRSTAMta rAjamatI ne usake samakSa rakhA hai, usI ke darabAra meM jAkara sevA karane lagatA hai / usakA yaha AcaraNa kSatriyocita kadApi nahIM hai / isake viparIta rAjamatI nArI-sulabha guNoM se yukta svabhAva kI kharI aura jabAna kI teja nArI hai| isakA pramANa usane aneka avasaroM para diyA hai / rAjA ne jaba mithyAbhimAna meM kahA ki mere samAna dUsarA bhUpAla nahIM hai to rAjamatI apane khare svabhAvavaza isakA prativAda kiye binA na raha sakI / usane kaha hI to diyA ki jisa taraha tumhAre rAjya meM namaka nikalatA hai usa taraha ur3IsAdhipa ke rAjya meM hIrA nikalatA hai / bIsaladeva meM pauruSa aura svAbhimAna kI jo kamI hai usakI pUrti rAjamatI meM ho gayI hai / bIsaladeva jaba ur3IsA ke rAjA ke yahA~ jAkara sevaka banane ke lie prastuta hotA hai to rAjamatI kahatI hai ki artha-lobha ke kAraNa videza jAkara tuma kula ko kalaMkita kara rahe ho aura usameM bhI dhana ke lie, jo dharatI meM gar3A raha jAtA hai aura manuSya paraloka cala detA hai tathA jo saMcaya karanevAle ko hI grAsa banAtA hai / rAjamatI jaba bIsaladeva ko rokane kA sArA prayatna kara hAra jAtI hai to vaha sakhiyoM se kahatI hai ki bIsaladeva mahipAla nahIM, mahiSapAla (bhaiMsa carAnevAlA) hai / eka hindU kulavadhU dvArA pati ke lie aisA kathana amaryAdita mAnA jAtA hai kintu jisa pRSThabhUmi meM aura jaise hIna- vyaktitva nAyaka ke lie aisI bAta kahI gayI hai ki yaha tanika bhI nahIM khaTakatA / ataH isameM lokajIvana kI svAbhAvikatA samajhanI cAhie / bIsaladeva rAjamatI ke dUta bhejane para lauTA hai / rAjamatI ko hI usake samakSa jhukanA par3A hai kintu rAjamatI ke svabhAva kA kharApana taba bhI nahIM gayA / vaha bIsaladeva se kahatI hai ki tuma rAjamatI-jaisI ramaNI kA saMyoga chor3a kara paradeza cale gaye, arthAt kiyA tumane ghI kA vyApAra lekina khAyA tela hI / kintu eka ora jahA~ usameM darpayukta kharApana hai vahIM dUsarI ora usameM strI-sulabha vinamratA aura kAtaratA bhI hai / usake lAkha anunaya-vinaya karane para bhI bIsaladeva jaba ur3IsA jAne ke lie udyata ho hI jAtA hai to rAjamatI sakhiyoM se apane viSaya meM kahatI hai ki maiM her3Au ke usa ghor3e kI taraha upekSitA hU~ jisa para vaha sau-sau dinoM taka hAtha nahIM pheratA / usakI strI-sulabha dInatA carama sImA para usa samaya pahu~catI hai jaba bhagavAn ziva ko rAjakula meM janma dene ke lie kosatI hai / vaha unase kahatI hai ki tumane strI kA janma kyoM diyA, vana kI nIlagAya kyoM nahIM banAyA / agara mujhe kAlI koyala hI banAte to Ama aura campA kI
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 35 DAla para to baiThatI, aMgUra ke mIThe phala to khAtI / Age vaha punaH kahatI hai ki yadi mujhe strI hI banAnA thA to rAjakumArI na banAkara jATanI kyoM nahIM banAyA tAki apane pati ke sAtha kheta meM kAma karatI, sundara UnI vastra pahanatI, U~ce ghor3e ke samAna apane svAmI ke zarIra se apanA zarIra bhir3AtI, unheM sAmane se letI aura haMsa-haMsa kara bAteM pUchatI / isameM unmukta jIvana kI AkAMkSA, nArI-jIvana kI vivazatA evaM rAjamatI kA ananya anurAga eka sAtha draSTavya hai / aisI prakRta bhAva-bhUmi para khar3I dUsarI nAyikA phira hindI-sAhitya meM nahIM dekhI gayI / 'bIsaladeva rAsa' kA bhASAvaijJAnika evaM anya mahattva cAhe jo bhI ho, usakA sabase bar3A mahattva yaha hai ki usameM rAjamatI jaisA apUrva caritra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / rAjamatI kA hindI-sAhitya ke nArI-caritroM meM viziSTa sthAna hai / bIsaladeva rAsa ke aMta meM kavi ne eka chaMda meM bIsaladeva evaM rAjamatI ke sambhoga kA varNana kiyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki viraha kA yaha laharAtA huA pArAvAra saMyoga kI vApI meM jAkara kho gayA hai / jinodaya sUri vivAhalau (merunaMdana) - isakA racanA kAla 1375 I. hai / isameM jinodaya sUri ke AdhyAtmika pariNaya kI kathA kahI gayI hai / jinodaya sUri ke zaizava kA nAma somaprabha thA / zaizava meM hI eka dina pAlanapura meM jainAcArya jinakula sUri ke Agamana para somaprabha ne munijI se dIkSAkumArI se vivAha karA dene kI prArthanA kI (arthAt dIkSA pradAna karane kI prArthanA kI) / mAtA ne bahuta samajhAyA-bujhAyA aura tapa kI bhayaMkaratA kI bhI bAta kahI para bAlaka somaprabha kA mana kicit nahIM DolA / aMta meM sasamAroha yaha AdhyAtmika vivAha sampanna huA / isa taraha isa khaNDakAvya kI kathA eka rUpaka kathA hai / haricanda purANa (jAkhu maNayAra) - isakI racanA 1346 I. meM huI / isameM rAjA harizcandra kI paurANika kathA kahI gayI hai jisameM kavi ne kaI maulika prakaraNoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| isameM bhASA kI saphAI aura loka-kAvya kI madhuratA donoM hai / isakI bhASA meM eka ora yadi brajI ke auktika prayoga haiM to dUsarI ora apabhraMza ke avaziSTa rUpa bhI haiM / ataH bhASA evaM bhAva donoM hI dRSTiyoM se yaha loka-jIvana ke ati nikaTa hai / ina prAGmadhyakAlIna khaNDakAvyoM ke sambandha meM ullekhanIya hai ki inameM se 'sandeza rAsaka aura 'bIsaladeva rAsa' hI vizuddha khaNDakAvya haiM jo saMskRta ke khaNDakAvyoM kI paramparA meM haiM aura jo paramparA madhyakAla meM bhI calatI rahI hai| prastuta lekha meM vivecita anya kAvya-graMtha khaNDakAvya ke AsapAsa haiM /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 J jaM pAusa-Narindu galagajjiu ja pAusa-Narindu galagajjiu, dhUli-rau gimbheNa visajjiu / / gampiNu meha-vindai Alaggau, taDi-karavAla-pahArehiM bhaggau / ja vivarammuhu caliu visAlau, uThThiu, 'haNu bhaNantu uNhAlau / dhagadhagadhagadhagantu uddhAiu, hasahasahasahasantu saMpAiu / jalajalajalajalajala pacalantau, jAlAvali-phuliGga mellantau / dhUmAvali-dhayadaNDubbheppiNu, vara-vAulli-khaggu kaDDheppiNu / aDajhaDajhaDajhaDantu paharantau, taruvara-riu-bhaDa-thaDa bhajjantau / meha-mahAgaya-ghaDa vihaDantau, ja uNhAlau diThTha bhiDantau / paumacariu, 28.2 jaba pAvasa (varSARtu kA) rAjA garajA (to) grISma dvArA dhUla-vega (AdhI) bhejA gyaa| (vaha dhUla) megha-samUha se jAkara cipaka gaI, (phira) bijalIrUpI talavAra ke prahAroM se (vaha dhUla) chinna-bhinna kara dI gaI / (isake pariNAmasvarUpa) jaba (dhUla) vimukha calI (to) bhayaMkara grISmaRtu (pAvasa rAjA ko) 'mAro kahatI huI uThI (aura) khUba jalatI huI U~cI daur3I (tathA) uttejita hotI huI tejI se jalI, taba (gI) lapaTa kI zrRMkhalA se cinagAriyoM ko chor3ate hue (Age calI) / (aura) jaba grISma Rtu dhuAM kI zrRMkhalA ke dhvajadaNDoM ko U~cA karake, tUphAnarUpI zreSTha talavAra ko khIMcakara jhapaTa mArate hue (aura) prahAra karate hue, zatru ke vRkSoMrUpI zreSTha yoddhA-samUha ko naSTa karate hue, megharUpI mahA-hAthiyoM kI TolI ko khaNDita karate hue (pAvasa rAjA) se bhir3atI huI dikhAI dii| anu. DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 37 apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvali aura unakA artha-abhiprAya * DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' vaidika, bauddha aura jaina mAnyatAoM para AdhArita saMskRtiyA~ bhAratIya saMskRti kA saMgaThana karatI haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ko jAnane ke lie ina saMskRtiyoM kA jAnanA parama Avazyaka hai / ina saMskRtiyoM ko jAnane ke lie mukhyatayA do srota pracalita haiM - (1) vyAvahArikapakSa (2) siddhaantpkss| kAla aura kSetra ke anusAra vyAvahArika pakSa meM pracura parivartana hote rahe kintu vAGmaya meM prayukta zabdAvali meM kisI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM ho sakA / isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko samajhane-samajhAne ke lie usameM vyavahRta zabdAvali ko bar3I sAvadhAnI se samajhanA cAhie / isa dRSTi se apabhraMza vAGmaya meM jaina saMskRti se sambandhita aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA vyavahAra huA hai jinakA artha vaidika aura bauddha-saMskRtiyoM kI apekSA bhinna hai / zabda kA samyak vizleSaNa kara hameM usameM vyApta arthAtmA ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAnanA aura pahicAnanA cAhie / aisI jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie zabda-sAdhaka ko kisI bhI pUrva Agraha kA prazraya nahIM lenA hogA / vaha taTastha bhAva se tatsambandhI sAMskRtika-zabdAvali ko jAnane kA prayAsa karatA hai / mahAtmA bhartRhari kA kathana hai - sA sarva vidyA zilpAnA kalAnA copabandhinI / tad zabdAbhiniSpanna sarva vastu vibhajyate // ___ arthAt samasta vidyA, zilpa aura kalA zabda kI zakti se sambaddha hai / zabda zakti se pUrNa yA siddha samasta vastue~ vivecita aura vibhakta kI jAtI haiM / abhivyakti ke pramukha upakaraNoM meM bhASA kA sthAna mahanIya hai / abhivyakti aura artha-vyaMjanA meM zabda zakti kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa
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________________ 38 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 hai| zabda ke rUpa aura artha meM kAla aura kSetra kA prabhAva par3A karatA hai / kAlAntara meM usake svarUpa aura artha meM parivartana huA karate haiM / parivartana kI isa dhArA meM prAcIna arthAt apabhraMza vAGmaya meM prayukta zabdAvali kA apanA artha-abhiprAya vizeSa rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai / zabda kA yahI vizeSa abhiprAya athavA artha vastutaH usakA pAribhASika artha sthira karatA hai / zabda kyA hai ? yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai / vRhat hindI zabdakozakAra ne pRSTha 1312 para zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki AkAza meM kisI bhI prakAra se utpanna kSobha jo vAyu-taraMga dvArA kAnoM taka jAkara sunAI par3e athavA par3a sake vaha zabda kahalAtA hai / zabda mUlatayA eka zakti hai| vaha brahma hai / paramAtmA hai / saMsAra ke sabhI rasoM kA paripAka zabdoM meM samAhita hai / usakI mahimA apAra hai / zabda kI sAdhanA se sarvasva sadha jAtA hai / sAhitya-zAstra meM zabda mahimA kA atizaya ullekha milatA hai / zabda mUlata: eka dhvani vizeSa hai / dhvani sAmAnyata: do prakAra kI hotI hai, yathA - (1) nirarthaka (2) sArthaka / vAdyayantra (mRdaMgAdi) se utpanna dhvani nirarthaka hai aura manuSya ke vAgyantra se nisRta sArthaka dhvani varNAtmaka dhvani kahalAtI hai / yahI vastuta: vyAkaraNa meM vaha dhvani samaSTi hai jo ekAkIrUpa meM apanA artha rakhatI hai| jaba zabda vAkya ke antargata prayukta hokara vibhaktyanta rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai to vaha vastuta: pada kahalAtA hai / bAlaka eka zabda hai aura jaba vaha vAkya ke antargata 'bAlaka: paThati' ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai to 'bAlaka:' pada bana jAtA hai kyoMki yaha prathamA vibhakti kA eka vacana hai aura vyAkaraNa ke anusAra sup vibhakti pratyaya hai / 'paThati' dUsarA pada hai kyoMki isameM tiGpratyaya hai / AcArya pANini zabda meM vibhakti ke prayoga se pada kA nirmANa honA mAnate haiM / vaha 'aSTAdhyAyI (1/4/14) nAmaka graMtha meM kahate haiM - "suptiGtam padam !" bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se zabda kI mAnyatA meM kAlAntara meM parivartana huA karatA hai / zabda bar3A sthUla hai aura usameM vyajita artha utanA hI sUkSma / yadyapi sUkSma kI abhivyakti sthUla ke mAdhyama se sambhava nahIM hotI tathApi jo prayatna hue haiM unheM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka samajhane kI sarvathA apekSA rahI hai / kisI viziSTa zAstra meM jo zabda kisI viziSTa artha meM prayukta hotA hai artha kI dRSTi meM usa zabda ko pAribhASika zabda kahate haiN| DaoNkTara raghuvIra ke anusAra-jina zabdoM kI sImA bA~dha dI jAtI hai, ve pAribhASika zabda ho jAte haiM aura jinakI sImA nahIM bA~dhI jAtI ve sAdhAraNa zabda hote haiM / zrI mahendra caturvedI pAribhASika zabda ke do pramukha guNoM kA ullekha karate haiM - (1) niyatArthatA (2) paraspara apavarjitA / pratyeka pAribhASika zabda kA artha niyata- nizcita hotA hai jisameM sunizcita artha ko hI vyakta kiyA jAtA hai / sAmAnya zabda kA udbhava jana-sAdhAraNa ke bIca hotA hai aura vahA~ svIkRta hone ke bAda vaha apara bauddhikatA ke stara taka uThatA hai parantu pAribhASika zabda kA janma eka sImita saMkucita bauddhika karma kI sahamati se aura unake bIca hotA hai / bhASA meM pAribhASika zabdoM kI AvazyakatA satata baDhatI rahatI hai| jyoM-jyoM jJAna-vijJAna ke caraNa Age bar3hate haiM unakI upalabdhiyoM ko mUrta bodhagamya rUpa dene ke lie pAribhASika zabdoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / hamAre jJAna kI varddhamAna paridhi meM jo bhI vastu vicAra athavA vyApAra A jAte haiM unheM hama nAma de dete haiM / yaha prakriyA sAmAnya zabdoM ke janma kI prakriyA se bhinna hotI hai / pAribhASika zabdAvali bauddhika tantra kI upaja hai aura jahA~ taka isa taMtra kI sImA hotI hai vahIM taka usakA pracAra-prasAra hotA hai / kisI bhI bhASA meM samucita pAribhASika zabdAvali kI vidyamAnatA usa bhASA-bhASI varga ke bauddhika utkarSa evaM sampannatA kA paricAyaka hotI hai aura
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 39 usakA abhAva bauddhika daridratA kA / bhASAoM kI zabdAvaliyoM meM pAribhASika zabdAvali kA mahAna sthAna misTara moriyopAI ke isa kathana se spaSTa bhASita ho jAegA - "yaha anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki sabhI sabhya bhASAoM kI zabdAvaliyoM meM Adhe zabda vaijJAnika tathA zilpa vijJAna sambandhI pAribhASika zabda haiM, jinameM se bahuta se zabda pUrI taraha se antarrASTrIya haiM / " bhArata ke prasiddha vaijJAnika tathA zikSAzAstrI svargIya DaoN. zAntisvarUpa bhaTanAgara ne likhA thA - "samasta bhArata ke zikSAzAstrI isa bAta meM sahamata haiM ki deza meM Adhunika vijJAnoM ke jJAna ke pracAra meM sabase bar3I bAdhA samucita pAribhASika zabdAvali kA abhAva hai|" pAribhASika zabdoM, arddhapAribhASika zabdoM tathA sAmAnya zabdoM kA yaha mahAna abhAva na kevala hindI meM hI hai, varan bhArata kI sabhI Adhunika bhASAoM meM hai / kabhI-kabhI eka hI pAribhASika zabda kA artha bhinna-bhinna viSayoM yA vijJAnoM meM bhI alagaalaga ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke bataura saMskRta zabda 'Agama' kA sAdhAraNa artha 'AnA' hotA hai / para nirukta meM isakA artha 'kisI zabda meM kisI varNa kA AnA tathA pratyaya hotA hai / dharmazAstra meM Agama kA artha 'dharmagraMtha aura paramparA se calA AnevAlA siddhAnta' hotA hai / ApTe ke saMskRta aMgrejI koza meM Agama ke ina pA~ca arthoM ke atirikta teraha artha aura diye haiM jinameM cAra-pA~ca artha pAribhASika haiN| isIprakAra sandhi zabda kA sAdhAraNa artha mela hai para saMskRta vyAkaraNa aura rAjanIti meM isake alaga-alaga artha haiM jo mela-milApa se kucha milate hue bhI bhinna hI haiM / ApTe ne sandhi zabda ke bhI caudaha artha die haiM / saMskRta 'loha' zabda kA sAmAnya artha 'lohA" hama saba jAnate haiM para 'loha' zabda ke artha bhI tA~bA, tA~be kA phaulAda, sonA, lAla, lAlasA, koI dhAtu, rakta (khUna), hathiyAra aura machalI pakar3ane kA kA~TA bhI hai / abhI dekhate-dekhate bauddha dharma kA dhArmika-pAribhASika zabda 'paMcazIla rAjanaitika-pAribhASika zabda bana gayA aura usakA artha saha-astitva Adi ho gayA / isIprakAra 'samaya' zabda kA sAmAnya artha kAla (Time) kA bodhaka hai / saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha meM 'samaya' ke unnIsa artha ullikhita haiM / lekina jaina darzana meM usakA abhiprAya 'AtmA' se bhI hai / ataeva 'samaya' zabda jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai / 'nirodha' zabda kA janasAmAnya meM artha pracalita hai - parivAra niyojana kA carcita upakaraNa / para jaina darzana meM isakA artha jJAnapUrvaka rokanA hai / 'bhava' kA sarvasAmAnya artha hai saMsAra kintu jainadarzana meM 'bhava' zabda janma se maraNa taka kI madhyavartI avadhi ke lie prayukta hotA hai ataeva jainadarzana ke ukta donoM zabda bhI pAribhASika haiM / yaha jAnakara Azcarya nahIM hogA ki Aja apabhraMza vAGmaya meM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvali se aparicita hone ke kAraNa vyaJjita arthAtmA ko samajhane-samajhAne meM bar3I asAvadhAnI kI jA rahI hai / prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvali kA samyakjJAna prApta kie binA koI bhI artha-zAstrI (zabdArtha zAstrI - Semasiologist) kisI bhI kAvyAMza kA artha aura vyAkhyA karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatA / hindI sAhitya para apabhraMza kA sIdhA prabhAva par3A hai / hindI sAhitya ke adhyetA ke lie yathArtha svarUpa tathA artha ke mUlasrota ko jAnane ke lie apabhraMza kA adhyayana Avazyaka ho gayA hai / apabhraMza ke adhyayana ke lie usameM prayukta pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA jJAna honA paramAvazyaka hai / prastuta zodha-lekha meM apabhraMza vAGmaya meM prayukta katipaya pAribhASika zabdoM kA artha-abhiprAya prastuta karanA hamArA mUlAbhipreta hai / Asava (mayaNaparAjayacariu, 6) - Asrava / 'sU' dhAtu se Asrava zabda niSpanna hai jisakA artha hai - bahakara AnA / kAya, vacana aura mana kI jo kriyA hai vaha yoga kahalAtI hai / isI yoga ko Asrava kahate haiM / zubha aura azubha ke bheda se yoga ke do bheda hote haiM - yathA -
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________________ 40 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 (1) zubhayoga - yaha puNya karma kA Asrava hotA hai (2) azubhayoga - yaha pApa karma kA Asara hotA hai / 'rAjavArtika' meM puNya-pApa rUpa karmoM ke Agamana ke dvAra ko Asrava kahA gayA hai - puNyapApAgama dvAra lakSaNa AsravaH / 'bRhad dravyasaMgraha' meM Asrava ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - Asavadi jeNa kamma pariNAmeNappaNe sa viNNeo bhAvAsavo jiNutto kammAsavaNa paro hodi / (1) dravyAsava-jJAnAvaraNAdirUpa karmoM kA jo Asrava hotA hai, vaha dravyAsava hai / (2) bhAvAsavajisa pariNAma se AtmA ke karma kA Asrava hotA hai, vaha bhAvAsrava kahalAtA hai / 'tattvArthasAra' (4-2-4) meM zrI amRtacandrAcArya kahate haiM - kAya vAGmanasA karmasmRto yogaH sa AsravaH zubhaH puNyasya vijJeyo viparItazca pApmanaH sarasaH salilavAhi dvAramatra janairyathA tadAsravaNa hetutvAdAsravo vyapadizyate Atmano'pi tathaivaiSA jinaryoga praNAlikA karmAsravasya hetutvAdAsravo vyapadizyate / jisa prakAra tAlAba meM pAnI lAnevAlA dvAra pAnI Ane kA kAraNa hone se 'Asava' kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA kI yaha yogarUpa praNAlI bhI karmAsrava kA hetu hone se jinendra bhagavAna ke dvArA Asrava kahI jAtI hai / kammaTTha (karakaMDacariu, 3.22) - ATha karma / jaina darzana meM ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA ullekha hai / inheM do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - yathA - (1) ghAtiyA - jo jIva ke anujIvI guNoM ko ghAta karane meM nimitta hote haiM ve ghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM / ye cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - yathA - (ka) jJAnAvaraNI - ve karma-paramANu jinase AtmA ke jJAnasvarUpa para AvaraNa ho jAtA hai arthAt AtmA ajJAnI dikhalAI detA hai use jJAnAvaraNI karma kahate haiM / (kha) darzanAvaraNI - ve karma paramANu jo AtmA ke ananta darzana para AvaraNa karate haiM, darzanAvaraNa karma kahalAte haiM / (ga) mohanIya - ve karma paramANu jo AtmA ke zAnta Ananda svarUpa ko vikRta karake usameM krodha, ahaMkAra Adi kaSAya tathA rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNati utpanna kara dete haiM, mohanIya karma kahalAte haiM / (gha) antarAya - ve karma paramANu jo jIva ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga upabhoga aura zakti ke vighna meM utpanna hote haiM antarAya karma kahalAte haiM / (2) aghAtiyA - AtmA ke anujIvI guNoM ke ghAta meM nimitta na hoM ve aghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM / ye cAra prakAra ke hote haiM, yathA - (ca) vedanIya - jinake kAraNa prANI ko sukha yA duHkha kA bodha hotA hai, vedanIya karma kahalAte haiM / (cha) Ayu - jIva apanI yogyatA se jaba nArakI, tithaMca, manuSya yA deva zarIra meM rukA rahe taba jisa karma kA udaya ho use Ayu karma kahate haiM / (ja) nAma - jisa zarIra meM jIva ho usa zarIrAdi kI racanA meM jisa karma kA udaya ho use nAma karma kahate haiM / (jha) gotra - jIva ko ucca yA nIca AcaraNavAle kula meM utpanna hone meM jisa karma kA udaya ho use gotra karma kahate haiN|
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kasAu (mahApurANa, 17.28) - kaSAya / rAga-dveSa kA hI apara nAma kaSAya hai / jo AtmA ko kase arthAta duHkha de use hI kaSAya kahate haiM / isa prakAra yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA meM utpanna honevAlA vikAra moha-rAga-dveSa hI kaSAya hai athavA jisase saMsAra kI prApti ho vahI kaSAya hai| kaSAya cAra prakAra kI hotI hai - (1) krodha - gussA karane ko krodha kahA jAtA hai / jaba hama aisA mAne ki isane merA burA kiyA to AtmA meM krodha utpanna hotA hai / (2) mAna - ghamaNDa ko hI mAna kahA jAtA hai / jaba hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki duniyA kI vastue~ merI haiM, maiM inakA svAmI hU~ to mAna utpanna hotA hai / (3) mAyA - chala-kapaTa bhAva ko mAyA kahA jAtA hai / mAyAcArI jIva ke mana meM vANI meM tathA usake karane meM arthAta vyavahAra meM bhinnatA hotI hai / (4) lobha - para-padArtha ke prati utpanna Asakti ko lobha kahA jAtA hai / mithyAtva ke kAraNa para-padArtha yA to iSTa (anukUla) yA aniSTa (pratikUla) anubhava hote haiM mukhyatayA tabhI kaSAya utpanna hotI hai / kevalaNANa (yogasAru, 3)-kevalajJAna / jo kisI bAhya padArtha kI sahAyatA se rahita AtmasvarUpa se utpanna ho, AvaraNa se rahita ho, kramarahita ho, ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna huA ho tathA samasta padArthoM ko jAnanevAlA ho, use kevalajJAna kahate haiM / Niggatha (mayaNaparAjayacariu, 17) - nirgrantha / jisaprakAra jala meM lakar3I se kI gaI rekhA aprakaTa rahatI hai, isIprakAra jinake karmoM kA udaya aprakaTa ho aura antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt hI jinheM kevalajJAna va kevaladarzana prakaTa honevAlA hai, ve nirgrantha kahalAte haiM / parameTThI (kAlasvarUpa kulaka 2.6) - parameSThI / jo paramapada meM tiSThatA hai vaha parameSThI kahalAtA hai / ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM, yathA - (1) arahaMta - jo gRhasthapanA tyAgakara munidharma aMgIkAra kara nija svabhAva-sAdhana dvArA cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karake ananta catuSTaya (anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha, anantavIya) rUpa virAjamAna hue ve arahaMta kahalAte haiM (2) siddha - jo gRhastha avasthA kA tyAga kara, munidharma-sAdhana dvArA cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza hone para ananta catuSTaya prakaTa karake kucha samaya bAda aghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza hone para samasta anya dravyoM kA sambandha chUTa jAne para pUrNa mukta ho gae haiM, loka ke agrabhAga meM kiMcit nyUna puruSAkAra virAjamAna ho gae haiM, jinake dravyakarma, bhAvakarma aura nokarma kA abhAva hone se samasta Atmika guNa prakaTa ho gae haiM, ve siddha kahalAte haiM (3) AcArya - jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra kI adhikatA se pradhAna pada prApta karake muni saMgha ke nAyaka hoM ve AcArya kahalAte haiM / (4) upAdhyAya - dvAdazAMga ke pAThI jo samasta zAstroM kA sAra AtmasvarUpa meM ekAgratA kara usameM lIna rahanevAle tathA munisaMgha ko par3hAnevAle parameSThI upAdhyAya kahalAte haiM / (5) sAdhu - jo munidharma ke dhAraka haiM aura AtmasvabhAva ko sAdhate haiM tathA samasta Arambha aura antaraMga, bahiraMga parigraha se pare jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna rahanevAle parameSThI sAdhu kahalAte haiM / mahavvaya (prakIrNa, 15) - mahAvrata / hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM se sarvadeza nivRtti hone ko mahAvratta kahate haiM / ye pA~ca prakAra ke kahe gae haiM - (1) ahiMsA - kAya, indriya, guNasthAna, mArgaNasthAna, kula Ayu, yoni - inameM saba jIvoM ko jAnakara kAyotsargAdi kriyAoM meM hiMsA Adi kA tyAga karanA ahiMsA mahAvrata hai / (2) satya - jJAna aura cAritra kI zikSA Adi ke viSaya meM dharmabuddhi ke abhiprAya se jo nirdoSa vacana kahe jAte haiM vaha satyadharma kahalAtA hai / (3) acaurya - dUsaroM ke sva kA haraNa na karane ko acaurya athavA asteya kahate haiM / (4) brahmacarya - jananendriya, indriya samUha aura mana kI zAnti ko brahmacarya kahA jAtA hai / (5) aparigraha - bAhya (AtmA se atirikta vastuo) meM mana kA sambandha na karane ko aparigraha kahA jAtA hai /
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________________ 42 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 mokkha (paumacariu 22.2) - mokSa / sakala karmoM kA nAza ho jAne para jIva kA kevala jJAnAnandamaya svarUpa ko prApta hokara, deha ke chUTa jAne para Urdhvagamana svabhAva ke dvArA Upara loka ke agrabhAga meM sadA ke lie sthita ho jAnA mokSa, mukti athavA nirvANa kahalAtA hai / ruddaTTa (mayaNaparAjayacariu 16) - raudrAta / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI aura viSaya saMrakSaNa ke samaya se yukta jo dhyAna hotA hai vaha saMkSepa se raudradhyAna kahA gayA hai tathA iSTa kA viyoga, aniSTa kA saMyoga, nidAna aura vedanA kA udaya hone para jo kaSAya se yukta dhyAna hotA hai vaha saMkSepa se ArtadhyAna kahA gayA hai| sallehaNa (paumacariu 22-11) - sallekhana / sat arthAt bhalIprakAra aura lekhanA kA artha hai kaSAya tathA zarIra kA kRza karanA / isaprakAra kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) tathA zarIra ko bhalIprakAra kRza karanA sallekhanA kahalAtI hai / sallekhanA do prakAra kI hotI hai, yathA(1) Abhyantara sallekhanA - kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA Abhyantara sallekhanA kahalAtI hai, (2) bAhya sallekhanA - zarIra ko kRza karanA bAhya sallekhanA kahalAtI hai / sallekhanA yogIgata hai jabaki AtmahatyA bhogIgata / yogI to apane pratyeka jIvana meM zarIra ko sevaka banAkara anta samaya meM sallekhanA dvArA usakA tyAga karatA huA prakAza kI ora calA jAtA hai aura bhogI arthAt AtmahatyArA apane pratyeka jIvana meM usakA dAsa banakara andhakAra kI ora calA jAtA hai / 1. apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvali, Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', mahAvIra prakAzana, alIgaMja, eTA (u.pra.), san 1977 / 2. bRhat hindI zabda-koza, sampA. kAlikAprasAda Adi, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI / 3. pAribhASika zabdAvali kucha samasyAe~, sampA. DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI / 4. Story of Language. 5. hindI zabda racanA, mAIdayAla jaina / 6. saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha / 7. bRhada jaina zabdArNava, bhAga-2, mAsTara bihArIlAla / 8. jaina hindI pUjAkAvya paramparA aura AlocanA, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' / 9. bRhad dravya saMgraha, nemicandrAcArya / 10. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvyazAstrIya mUlyAMkana, DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA / 11. ArSa granthoM meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvali aura usakA artha-abhiprAya, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinaMdana graMtha / 12. apabhraMza vAGmaya meM vyavahata pAribhASika zabdAvali. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti'. parAmarza (hindI). sitambara 1984, puNe vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana / 13. apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti', DI. liTa. kA zodha prabandha, 1988, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya / 14. apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana, vIrendra zrIvAstava /
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 43 apabhraMza ke avasAna ke do kavi * DaoN. kAntikumAra jaina AdikAlIna kAvya-dIrghA meM itihAsakAroM ne jina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM ko sthAna diyA hai unameM sarahapA, zabarapA jaise siddha; gorakhanAtha jaise nAtha; svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, hemacandra, somaprabha sUri, merutuMga jaise jaina; dalapati vijaya, narapati nAlha, jaganika, candra baradAyI jaise cAraNa evaM vidyApati aura amIra khusaro jaise janakavi haiM / ina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA mahattva sAhitya ke lie jitanA hai utanA hI bhASA ke lie hai / tatkAlIna bhASA ke adhyayana ke lie siddhoM, nAthoM aura jainoM kI racanAeM pracura evaM prAmANika sAmagrI prastuta karatI haiM / vAstava meM ina sabhI dharma-upadezakoM ne paravartI sAhitya kI bhUmikA prastuta kI / nAtha - sAhitya kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue DaoN. hajArIprasAda * dvivedI ne jo kahA hai, nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM vaha siddha evaM jaina - sAhitya ke sambandha meM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai "usane paravartI santoM ke lie zraddhAcaraNa - pradhAna dharma kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra kara dI thii| jina santa-sAdhakoM kI racanAoM se hindI sAhitya gauravAnvita hai, unheM bahuta kucha banIbanAyI bhUmi milI thI / " jainoM ne mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, gItikAvya, laukika premakAvya, rUpaka sAhitya, kathA sAhitya evaM sphuTa kAvya Adi ke jo kAvyarUpa pracalita kiye the, ve paravartI kaviyoM dvArA svIkAra kiye gaye / vAstava meM hindI ke AdikAlIna kAvya kI dIrghA meM jina kaviyoM ke citra adhikArapUrvaka TA~ge jA sakate haiM, ve cAraNa aura janakavi hI haiM / paravartI khojoM ne paravartI apabhraMza ke addahamANa jaise kaviyoM ko bhI isa dIrghA kA pAtra svIkAra kiyA hai / usakA yahI hai ki addahamANa jaise kavi apanI kAvya-bhASA ke lie rUr3hibaddha aura TakasAlI apabhraMza kA moha tyAgakara usa paravartI apabhraMza kA sAhasapUrvaka prayoga kara rahe the jo jana boliyoM ke nikaTa
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 thI aura jisakA sambandha loka-vyavahAra meM vikasita ho rahI hindI kI boliyoM se atyanta ghaniSTha aura AtmIya thA / ina cAraNa aura janakaviyoM meM bhI sabhI kavi eka se mahattva ke adhikArI nahIM haiM / isa kAla kI adhikAMza kRtiyoM ke prAmANika pATha upalabdha nahIM haiM aura unameM se aneka paravartI prakSepoM ke kAraNa vikRta ho cuke haiM / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne jina aneka kaviyoM ko apane itihAsa meM AdikAlIna kaviyoM ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA hai, unameM se bahuta se kaviyoM kI racanAeM noTisa mAtra haiM aura aneka kA kAvya AdikAla meM na likhA jAkara bahuta bAda meM likhA gayA hai, ataH khumAnarAso ke racayitA dalapati vijaya, paramAlarAso ke racayitA jaganika jaise kaviyoM ko AdikAlIna kavi-dIrghA meM sthAna denA yA mahattvapUrNa sthAna denA sandigdha ho jAtA hai / yahI sthiti janakavi amIra khusaro kI bhI hai / amIra khusaro AdikAla kA atyanta lokapriya aura kRtI kavi hai kintu usakI hindI-racanAeM lokapriyatA ke raMga-rogana se itanI puta cukI haiM ki unake vAstavika rUpa kA sandhAna kara pAnA kaThina ho gayA hai / amIra khusaro AdikAla kA mahattvapUrNa kavi to hai kintu usakA kAvya apane vartamAna rUpa meM AdikAla kA mahattvapUrNa kAvya nahIM raha gayA hai / aisI sthiti meM AdikAla kI kAvya-dIrghA meM jina kaviyoM ke citra adhikAra evaM mahattvapUrvaka TA~ge jA sakate haiM unameM addahamANa, candra baradAyI, narapati nAlha aura vidyApati hI haiN| ye cAroM kavi AdikAlIna (gyArahavIM se pandrahavIM zatAbdI) avadhi-khaNDa ke kavi haiM, ina cAroM ne tatkAlIna kAvya-rUpoM aura kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA apane kAvya meM prayoga kiyA hai, ye sabhI apabhraMza se itara usa bhASA ke kavi haiM jise AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'dezabhASA' kA nAma diyA hai / ina dezabhASAoM kA vikAsa apabhraMza kI antima avasthA se huA hai aura ye madhyadeza ke vibhinna kSetroM meM pracalita thI / inameM addahamANa pachAha meM pracalita paravartI apabhraMza ke kavi haiM (yadyapi unhoMne apanA kAvya pUrvadeza meM likhA); amIra khusaro pachAMha meM pracalita khar3IbolI ke candra baradAyI aura narapati nAlha rAjasthAna aura braja kSetra meM vyavahRta DiMgala aura piMgala ke kavi haiM tathA vidyApati dhruva pUraba meM pracalita maithilI ke / vAstava meM isa yuga meM kisI eka kendrIya kAvya-bhASA kA nirmANa nahIM ho pAyA thA aura saMskRta yA apabhraMza kA sthAna hindI kI koI eka bolI nahIM le pAyI thI / AdikAlIna kavi adhikAMzatayA janatA ke kavi the aura unakA kAvya janatA ke prati sambodhita thA / aisI sthiti meM janatA kI bolI meM apanA kAvya likhe binA unakI koI gati nahIM thI / yaha pravRtti bhaktikAla taka calatI rahI aura kahIM rItikAla meM jAkara samasta hindI kSetra meM brajabhASA ke rUpa meM eka kendrIya kAvya-bhASA kI sarvamAnya pratiSThA ho sakI / yahA~ apabhraMza ke avasAna ke dinoM ke do dezabhASA kaviyoM - addahamANa aura narapati nAlha ke kAvya aura kAvya-vyaktitva kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai / addahamANa pahale candra baradAyI ko hindI kA Adikavi svIkAra kiyA jAtA thA kintu jabase paravartI apabhraMza ke kAvya ko hindI sAhitya ke antargata samAviSTa karane kI pravRtti prArambha huI hai taba se svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta, addahamANa jaise kaviyoM ko hindI kA prArambhika kavi svIkAra kiyA jAne lagA hai / bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga apabhraMza apanI vyAkaraNika jaTilatAoM kA parityAga kara eka janabolI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho rahI thI / yaha paravartI apabhraMza, jise kabhI avahaTa kahA jAtA hai aura kabhI purAnI hindI, yadyapi apabhraMza se pUrI taraha se pRthak nahIM huI thI kintu vaha eka nayI vikasita bhASA kA AbhAsa nizcaya hI dene lagI thI / addahamANa (abdahamANa) isI paravartI
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 45 apabhraMza kA kavi thA / usakA sandeza-rAsaka paravartI apabhraMza kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai aura * usakI kAvya-suSamA para rIjha kara muni jinavijaya, harivallabha bhAyANI aura DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise vidvAnoM ne use hindI kAvya-paramparA kA mahattama prArambhika kAvya ghoSita kiyA hai / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke itihAsa meM na to abdularahamAna kA ullekha hai aura na hI usake sandeza-rAsaka kA / sandeza-rAsaka ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya durlabha aura prAcIna granthoM ke uddhAraka apabhraMza-zAstrI paM. zrI muni jinavijayajI ko hai / vaise to unheM san 1912 I. meM hI sandeza-rAsaka kI eka prati prApta ho cukI thI kintu usakA sampAdana aura prakAzana san 1945 meM hI sambhava huA / vigata varSoM meM sandeza-rAsaka para vidvAna isa prakAra rIjha uThe ki usakA kavi aura kAvya donoM hindI kI parama ujjvala aura mUlyavAna maNi ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiye gaye haiM / sandeza-rAsaka ke raciyatA adadahamANa yA abdularahamAna ke viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI nahIM milatI / svayaM kavi ne apane kAvya ke prathama prakrama meM apanA paricaya diyA hai aura svayaM ke lie addahamANa abhidhA kA prayoga kiyA hai - taha taNao kulakamalo pAiya kavvesu gIya visayesu / addahamANa saneharAsaya raiyaM // addahamANa kA artha abdularahamAna kiyA gayA hai / paM. hajArIprasAda dvivedI addahamANa kA artha 'Ahita yaza' karane ke pakSa meM haiM / unhoMne addahamANa kA sambandha jvalanta yaza se bhI jor3A hai kyoMki addaha kA eka artha adahana (ubalatA, dhadhakatA yA jalatA huA) bhI hotA hai / kavi kI zleSamUlaka zabdoM ke prayoga meM gaharI dilacaspI thI aura yaha usakI svAbhAvika zailI kA eka udAharaNa hai ki vaha uddhRta paktiyoM meM apane nAma kA ullekha karate hue apane kAvya-yaza ke saMbaMdha meM dokti bhI karatA hai / addahamANa ke pitA kA nAma mIrasena thA / ve tantuvAya (julAhe) the aura hindU dharma-parivartana lamAna ho gaye the / ve malataH pazcimI bhArata ke nivAsI the aura jIvikA ke lie pUrva kI ora A gaye the / isa pazcima aura pUrva deza kA ThIka-ThIka sandhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai, kintu pazcima deza se kavi kA Azaya usa kSetra se jAna par3atA hai jo Ajakala pazcimI pAkistAna meM hai / abdularahamAna kA janma pUrva meM huA thA / unakA janma kaba huA thA, yaha kahanA sambhava nahIM hai kintu aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ve 12vIM zatAbdI meM utpanna hue hoMge / mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne abdularahamAna ko 11vIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnA hai aura usake sandeza-rAsaka kI racanA kA kAla 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai / muni jinavijayajI ne antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA hai ki abdularahamAna kA janma aura usake kAvya kI racanA muhammada gorI ke AkramaNa ke pUrva ho cukI hogI / sandeza-rAsaka meM vijayanagara, vikramapura, stambha-tIrtha Adi nagaroM ke jisa aizvarya kA ullekha huA hai, vaha muhammada gorI ke AkramaNa (1192 I.) ke bAda sambhava nahIM hai / sandeza-rAsaka eka rAsaka kAvya hai aura isakA nirmANa loka-pracalita premakathA ke AdhAra para huA hai / isa prakAra ke lokAkhyAnamUlaka kAvya prAyaH kalpanAbahula huA karate the aura kavi avasara nikAlakara unameM prema, viraha, SaDRtu Adi kA vistRta citraNa karatA thA / sandeza-rAsaka 223 chandoM kA eka laghu kAvya hai, jo apanI sampUrNatA meM to khaNDa-kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu jisakA pratyeka chanda svataMtra mahattva aura saundarya rakhatA hai / 'uddhavazataka' yA 'A~sU ke vastu-saMgaThana
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 meM jo bikharA - bikharA-sA kasAva hai yA kasA kasA-sA bikharAva hai, ThIka vaisA hI sandeza - rAsaka meM dekhane ko milatA hai / sandeza rAsaka kI sampUrNa kathA tIna prakramoM meM vibhAjita hai (1) prastAvanA (2) virahiNI nAyikA kA varNana aura pathika ko sandeza 46 @ (3) SaDRtu varNana -- prathama prakrama meM Izvara vandanA, kavi paricaya, graMtha paricaya zrotAoM se nivedana Adi sammilita haiM / dUsare prakrama meM virahiNI nAyikA kA citraNa hai, jo apane priyatama taka apane viraha kI vyAkulatA kA samAcAra preSita karanA cAhatI hai / meghadUta meM to kAlidAsa ne megha ko sandeza vAhaka banAyA hai, kintu sandeza - rAsaka kI nAyikA pathika ko apanA dUta banAkara bhejatI hai / saMyoga se pathika vahIM jA rahA hai, jahAM virahiNI kA priyatama hai / vaha vistAra se apane viraha kI vyathA-kathA kahatI hai aura Ubakara jaba pathika calane ko hotA hai to eka chanda aura sunane kA anurodha kara use vyathA-kathA kA sampUrNa vivaraNa jAnane ko utkaNThita karatI hai / dUsarA prakrama yahA~ samApta hotA hai / tIsare prakrama meM apanI viraha vyathA ke bahAne nAyikA SaDRtu varNana karane lagatI hai| sampUrNa Rtu varNana sunakara pathika prasthAna karane ko udyata hotA hI hai ki sahasA mor3a para virahiNI ko apanA pati dikhAyI par3atA hai / zrotAoM aura pAThakoM ke prati zubhAzaMsA ke sAtha kAvya kI samApti hotI hai / sandeza rAsaka eka madhura kAvya hai / isameM saba milAkara 22 prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga huA hai jinameM sarvAdhika saMkhyA rAsa-chandoM kI hai| sandeza rAsaka kI bhASA, jaisA kahA jA cukA hai. paravartI apabhraMza hai / yaha paravartI apabhraMza, grAmya- apabhraMza ke nikaTa thI aura hindI kI boliyoM kA AbhAsa dene lagI thI / ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki sandezarAsaka para jitanA adhikAra apabhraMza kA ho, utanA hI hindI kA bhI / narapati nAlha narapati nAlha AdikAlIna kAvya kA eka kRtI kavi hai aura usakA 'bIsaladeva rAso hindI kI muktaka kAvya paramparA kA pratinidhi kAvya / AdikAla ke geya kAvya sAhitya meM bIsaladeva rAso kI carcA atyanta sammAnapUrvaka kI jAtI hai| bIsaladeva rAso premAkhyAnaka kAvya paramparA kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai / kavi ne bIsaladeva rAso meM jisa proSitapatikA kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha sandeza - rAsaka aura DholA-mArU - rA- dohA kI proSitapatikA kI prativezinI jAna par3atI hai / yaha zrRMgAra rasa kA manorama kAvya hai / narapati nAlha kauna thA ? isa saMbaMdha meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / usane apane rAso meM bArambAra svayaM ko vyAsa kahA hai| anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki narapati bhATa thaa| narapati usakA nAma thA aura nAlha usakA alla / adhunAtana khojoM se yaha patA calA hai ki narapati nAlha, bIsaladeva rAso ke nAyaka bIsaladeva (vigraharAja caturtha) kA samakAlIna thA / narapati bahuta par3hA-likhA to nahIM thA, kintu vaha bar3A savedanazIla aura sUjhabUjhavAlA kavi thA / lagatA hai, usane apane rAso kI sArI kathA gA-gAkara sunAyI thI, jo apane mAdhurya ke kAraNa janatA kA kaNThahAra bana gayI / bIsaladeva rAso kI sArI kathA cAra khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / prathama
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 khaNDa meM sAMbhara ke rAjA bIsaladeva kA mAlavarAja bhoja paramAra kI putrI rAjamatI se vivAha hone kA AkhyAna varNita hai / dvitIya khaNDa meM bIsaladeva apanI patnI se rUTha jAtA hai aura ghara-bAra chor3akara ur3IsA kI ora calA jAtA hai / tRtIya khaNDa rAjamatI ke viraha-varNana se sambaddha hai aura yahAM kavi ko nAyikA ke viraha-varNana ke misa bArahamAse kA vistRta citraNa kA avasara mila jAtA hai / isI khaNDa meM bIsaladeva kA ur3IsA se vApasa lauTane kA ullekha hai / caturtha khaNDa meM bhoja apanI beTI ko ghara vApasa le jAtA hai / kAlAntara meM bIsaladeva sasurAla jAkara apanI patnI ko vidA karAkara cittaur3a lauTa AtA hai / bIsaladeva rAso meM zRMgAra rasa kI pradhAnatA hai / jahA~ kahIM nAyaka ke zaurya Adi guNoM kA ullekha huA bhI hai vaha bhI zRMgAra-maNDita hI hai / bIsaladeva rAso meM kavi ne apane kAvya kI racanA-tithi kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai - bAraha sau bahotarA majhAri, jeTha badI navamI budhavAri / nAlha rasAyaNa AraMbhaI, sAradA uThI brahmA vicAri // AcArya zukla ne "bahotarA" ko dvAdazottara kA rUpAntara mAnA hai aura yaha mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai ki saMvat 1212 meM jyeSTha kI navamI budhavAra ko isa graMtha kA nirmANa huA / isakI puSTi bIsaladevakAlIna zilAlekhoM se bhI ho jAtI hai para anya vidvAn AcArya zukla ke isa nirNaya para Apatti karate haiM / DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA bIsaladeva kA samaya saMvat 1058 mAnate haiM / paM. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA ke anusAra bIsaladeva kA samaya saMvat 1030 se 1056 taka hai / mizra bandhuoM ke anusAra bIsaladeva kA racanAkAla 1220 aura lAlA sItArAma ke anusAra 1272 hai / bIsaladeva kI bhASA kA saMkAlika adhyayana karane ke uparAnta DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI tathA motIlAla menAriyA bIsaladeva rAso ko saMvat 1545 se saM. 1560 ke bIca likhA huA kAvya mAnate haiM / DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta ne bIsaladeva rAso kA racanAkAla 14vIM zatI mAnA hai aura DaoN. vizvanAthaprasAda mizra ne 16vIM-17vIM zatI / vAstava meM kAvya meM prayukta vartamAnakAlika kriyA ke prayoga ke AdhAra para narapati nAlha ko bIsaladeva kA samasAmayika siddha karanA pUrNataH vaijJAnika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bIsaladeva rAso kI bhASA eka ora apabhraMza kA rUpa liye hue hai aura dUsarI ora hindI kI ora jhukatI jAna par3atI hai / ise AcArya zukla ne piMgala kI racanA mAnA hai / bIsaladeva rAso urdU-phArasI ke zabdoM kA vyavahAra karanevAlI racanA hai / lagatA hai ki narapati nAlha ke samaya taka kavi apabhraMza kI zuddhatA aura zAstrIyatA kA moha chor3a cuke the aura usameM prAdezika boliyoM kA mizraNa karane lage the / bhASA ke tatkAlIna rUpa kA adhyayana karane ke lie bIsaladeva rAso eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / sandeza-rAsaka ke viruddha bIsaladeva rAso meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga huA hai| yaha kedAra rAga meM geya hai aura nRtya-gIta ke yogya hai / vAstava meM apabhraMza aura hindI ke saMkramaNakAlIna sAhitya kA adhyayana apanI paramparA ko jAnane ke lie to Avazyaka hai hI, apane samakAlIna bhASA tevaroM ko samajhane ke lie bhI upayogI hai| jaise Aja se eka hajAra varSa pUrva apabhraMza apanI apabhraMzatA chor3akara sAmAnya loka meM pracalita bhASA kI ora jhuka rahI thI, ThIka vaise hI Aja kI pariniSThita hindI kA Agraha racanAkAroM ke bIca zithila hotA jA rahA hai / mailA AMcala, netAjI kahina. jindagInAmA. maiyAdAsa kI pADI meM jisa
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________________ 48 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 AMcalikatA kA Agraha kiyA jA rahA hai vaha punaH pariniSThita bhASA ke lokonmukhI hone kI sUcanA hai / lagatA hai addahamANa aura narapati nAlha jaise kaviyoM se pariniSThita bhASA ke lokabhASAkaraNa kA jo cakra prArambha huA thA, vaha ina eka hajAra varSoM meM pUrNa ho cukA hai aura hindI loka-bhASAkaraNa ke eka naye cakra ke prArambha ke saMketa de rahA hai / isa pravRtti ko rokanA saMbhava nahIM hai| hindI sadaiva se loka kI bhASA rahI hai, vaha nirantara apane likhitarUpa kI tulanA meM apane vAcikarUpa ko varIyatA detI rahI hai / addahamANa aura narapati nAlha vAstava meM hamArI vAcika paramparA ke hI kavi haiM / unake kAvya kA adhyayana eka bhASika cakra ke samArambha aura avasAna ko samajhane ke lie yaha mahattvapUrNa hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 49 apabhraMza kAvya kA chaMdovivecana * DaoN. vinItA jozI gadya kI apekSA padya kI sampreSaNIyatA adhika mukhara hotI hai, kAraNa hai, kAvya meM chaMda aura laya kA yoga rahatA hai / isake atirikta hRdayatattva ke sAtha tAdAtmya bhI zIghra ho jAtA hai / chaMda bhAvoM ko AcchAdita kara unake saundaryavarddhana meM sahAyaka hote haiM / usakA layAtmaka vaiziSTya sampreSaNIyatA va kAvyAnanda donoM kI abhivRddhi karatA hai ataH chaMda kAvya kA Avazyaka upAdAna ____ chaMda do prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) varNika, (2) mAtrika / pratyeka chaMda meM varNoM yA mAtrAoM kI saMkhyA nizcita rahatI hai / gati-yati va guru-laghu kA krama bhI nirdhArita rahatA hai / yati eka saMgItAtmaka virAma hai / mAtrAoM ke ghaTane-bar3hane se Adyanta eka laya vyApta rahatI hai / chaMda ko pahacAnane meM yahI laya sahAyaka hotI hai / chaMda kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya paryApta samRddha hai / adhikAMza hindI chadoM kA mUla apabhraMza ke chaMdoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / apabhraMza ke chaMdoM para lokabhASA ke chaMdoM kA prabhAva hai / ye laya-tAlabaddha, geya aura nAda-saundarya se paripUrNa haiM / apabhraMza meM varNika aura mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chaMda prayukta hue haiN| antaryamaka kI yojanA apabhraMza-chaMdoM kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai / apabhraMza-prabandha-kAvya kI eka maulika vizeSatA hai -sadhi-kar3avaka zailI / isake antargata tIna prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai - kar3avaka kA mukhya chaMda, Arambhaka aura anta kA dhUvaka athavA ghattA / solahamAtrika chaMda 'paddhaDiyA' kar3avaka ke mukhya chaMda ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa
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________________ 50 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 hai| parantu sAhitya meM anya chaMda aDillA, vadanaka, pAraNaka Adi bhI prayukta haiM / adhikAMzataH cAra paddhaDiyA milakara eka kar3avaka kA nirmANa karate haiM aura kar3avakoM kA samUha eka sandhi kA / kar3avaka ke anta meM dhruvaka yA ghattA kI sthiti anivArya hotI hai / eka taraha se, yaha kar3avaka kI samApti kA bhI sUcaka hai / mAtrAoM ke AdhAra para isake aneka bheda milate haiM / muktaka-kAvya ke lie dohA va pada prayukta hue / apabhraMza-kAvya meM prayukta chaMdoM kA paricaya yahA~ prastuta hai - Adi meM mAtrika chaMdoM kA taduparAnta varNika chandoM kA aura anta meM ghattA chandoM kA / mAtrika mAtrika chaMda una chaMdoM ko kahA jAtA hai jinameM mAtrAoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita hotI hai aura mAtrAoM ke AdhAra para jinake lakSaNoM ko puSTa kiyA jAtA hai / guru kI do va, laghu kI eka mAtrA parigaNita kI jAtI hai / isake bhI phira tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM - samamAtrika, arddhasamamAtrika aura viSamamAtrika / 1. paddhaDiyA 'paddhaDiyA' do arthoM ko dhvanita karatA hai / 'paddhaDiyA' eka chanda-vizeSa kA nAma bhI hai aura dUsarI ora eka jAti ke sAdhAraNatayA sabhI chandoM kI sUcaka saMjJA bhI, jo solaha mAtrika hoM aura kar3avaka ke mukhya chaMda ke rUpa meM prayukta hote hoM / saMbhavataH isIlie solahamAtrika caraNoMvAle chaMdoM se nirmita kAvya ko paddhaDiyA-bandha kahA jAne lgaa| paddhaDiyA meM solaha-solaha mAtrA ke cAra caraNa hote haiM anta jagaNa ke sAtha / udAharaNa - (1) jasu kevalaNANe jagugariTu, karayala-Amalu va asesadiTTha / taho sammai jiNahoM payAraviMda, vadeppiNu taha avara vi jiNida // - sudaMsaNacariu - 1.1.11.12 - jinake kevalajJAna meM yaha samasta mahAna jagata hastAmalakavat dikhAI detA hai, aise sanmati jinendra ke caraNAraviMdoM tathA zeSa jinendroM kI bhI vandanA karake / (2) sukavi tA hau~ appavINu, cAu vi karemi ki daviNa-hINu / suhaDattu taha va durai Nisiddha, viho vi hau~ jasa viluddha // - vahI 1.2.1-2 sukavitva meM to maiM apravINa hU~ aura dhanahIna hone ke kAraNa maiM tyAga bhI kyA kara sakatA hU~ ? tathA subhaTatva to dUra se hI niSiddha hai / isa prakAra sAdhanahIna hote hue bhI mujhe yaza kA lobha hai / (3) jasu rUu NiyaMtau sahasaNettu, hua vibhiyamaNu Nau titti pattu / jasu caraNaMgu? selarAi, TalaTaliyau cirajammAhisei // - vahI 1.1.5-6 jinake rUpa ko dekhate huye indra vismita mana ho gayA aura tRpti ko prApta na huA; jinake janmAbhiSeka ke samaya caraNAMguSTha se zailarAja sumeru bhI calAyamAna ho gayA / (4) osariya sIha jaggiya phaNida, uddhasiya jhatti NaheM sasi-diNida / uttasiya lhasiya guru dikkarida, Asakiya vijjAhara surida // - vahI 1.1.9-10 siMha dUra haTa gae, phaNIndra jAga uThe, AkAza meM candra aura sUrya tatkAla ha~sa uThe, mahAna diggaja uttrasta aura lajjita ho gae, vidyAdhara aura surendra Atakita hue /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 51 (5) ujjANavaNu va uttuMgasAlu, ullasiya-soNa-pesala-pavAlu / tiyasida va vibuhayaNahA~ maNi?, raMbhApariraMbhiu sai~ gariTu // - sudasaNacariu, 1.4 - vaha nagara U~ce zAlavRkSoM tathA ullasita lAla sundara kopaloMvAle udyAnavana ke sadRza U~ce koTasahita, raktamaNi va sundara pravAloM se camakatA thA / vaha buddhimAnoM ke lie usI prakAra pyArA thA jaisA ki devendra devoM ko pyArA hai, raMbhA se Aligita hai tathA svayaM garimA ko prApta hai / (6) vammahu jiha raipIIsamiddha, Nahayala parigholiramayaracidhu / vammahu jiha Nimmaladhammasajju, upphulliya kusumasaru maNojju // - vahI - vahA~ rati aura prIti kI khUba samRddhi thI, tathA AkAza meM vahA~ kI makarAkRti dhvajAe~ phaharA rahI thIM; ataeva jo kAmadeva ke samAna dikhAyI detA thA, jo rati aura prIti nAmaka deviyoM se yukta hai aura jisakI dhvajA makarAkAra hai vaha nagara nirmala dharma se susajjita tathA praphullita puSpoMvAle manojJa sarovaroM ke dvArA usa manmatha ke samAna thA / 2. siMhAvaloka . yaha bhI 16 mAtrAvAlA chanda hai lekina jahA~ paddhaDiyA meM anta meM jagaNa hotA hai vahA~ siMhAvaloka meM anta meM sagaNa / (1) ja ahiNava-komala-kamala-karA, balimaNDaaiM levi aNaGgasarA / sa-vimANu pavaNa-maNa-gamaNa-gau, devahu~ dANavahu mi raNe ajau // -paumacariu, 68.9 - abhinava, sundara, komala hAthoMvAlI anaMgasarA ko vaha vidyAdhara jabardastI le gayA / pavana aura mana ke samAna gativAle vimAna meM baiThA huA vaha devatAoM aura dAnavoM ke lie ajeya thA / (2) ta cakkAhivai-laddha-pasarA, vijjAhara paharaNa-gahiya-karA / __kovaggi-palitta-phuriya-vayaNA, davAhara bhU-bhaGgura NayaNA // - vahI - cakravartI ke Adeza se vidyAdhara hAtha meM astra lekara daur3e / unake mukha krodha kI jvAlA se camaka rahe the / unake adhara cala rahe the, unakI bhauheM aura netra Ter3he ye / (3) vidhati joha jalaharasarisA, vAvallabhallakaNNiya varisA / phAraka paroppara ovaDiyA, kotAuha kotakarahiM bhiDiyA // - ja. sA. ca., 6.6 - yoddhA loga jaladharoM ke samAna ballabha, bhAlo va bANoM kI varSA karate hue (paraspara ko) bIMdha rahe the / phArakka ko dhAraNa karanevAle eka-dUsare para TUTa par3e, aura kuMtavAle kunta dhAraNa karanevAle pratipakSiyoM se bhir3a par3e / (4) dUrayarosAriya rayapasare, parikaliaiM paropparu appa-pare / saMvAhiya saMdaNa bhayarahiyA, paccArayata paharahi~ rahiyA // - vahI - raja kA prasAra dUratara apasRta ho jAne para, paraspara apane parAye ko pahacAna kara, (zatrupakSa ke) rathiyoM ko prahAroM se AhvAna karate hue, nirbhaya hokara ratha calAye gaye /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 (5) thira thakka paDicchai hatyihaDA, dhAvatihi paDigayaghaDahi maDA / vAhaMti haNati vAha kumarA, khaNakhaNakhaNata karavAlakarA // - vahI - eka ora kI hastisenA sthiratApUrvaka sthita rahakara, daur3akara Ate hue zatrugajoM se jhar3apa kI pratIkSA kara rahI thI / khaNakhaNa karate hue karavAla hAthoM meM lekara rAjakumAra azvo ko calA rahe the va (zatrusenA ke azvoM ko) mAra rahe the / (6) bhavayattu jaTu tuhu~ pavarabhuo, lahuvArau tahi~ bhavaeu huo / / tavacaraNa karivi Ausi khaie, uppaNNa marevi saggeM taie // - ja. sA. ca., 3.5 - tU jeThA bhAI bhavadatta thA aura terA choTA-bhAI uttama bhujAoMvAlA bhavadeva thA / tapazcaraNa karake AyuSya kSaya hone para marakara tIsare svarga meM utpanna hue / 3. pAraNaka ___ yaha 15 mAtrika chanda hai / paddhaDiyA aura isameM adhika antara nahIM hai / kevala anta nagaNa Ane para vaha pAraNaka bana jAtA hai / sAmAnya krama 4+4+4+3 / udAharaNa - (1) paNaveppiNu saMbhavasAmiyahA~, tailokka-sihara-pura-gAmiyahA~ / paNaveppiNu ajiya jiNesarahoM, dujjaya-kandappa-dappa-harahoM // - paumacariu 71.1 triloka zikhara para sthita mokSapura jAnevAle saMbhavasvAmI ko praNAma karatA haiM / durjeya kAma kA darpa haranevAle ajita jinezvara ko praNAma karatA hU~ / (2) paNaveppiNu ahiNandaNa-jiNahA~, kammaTTha-duTTha-riu-NijjiNahA~ / paNaveppiNu sumai-titthaGkarahA~, vaya-paJca-mahAduddhara-dharahA~ // - vahI ATha karmarUpI duSTa zatruoM ko jItanevAle abhinandana jina ko namaskAra karatA hU~ / mahAkaThina pA~ca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karanevAle sumati tIrthaMkara ko praNAma karatA hU~ / (3) buhayaNa sayambhu paI viNNavai, mai~ sarisau aNNu NAhi~ kukai / vAyaraNu kayAvi Na jANiyau, Nau vitti suttu vakkhANiyau // - vahI 1.3 - budhajano, yaha svayaMbhU kavi Apa logoM se nivedana karatA hai ki mere samAna dUsarA koI kukavi nahIM hai / kabhI bhI maiMne vyAkaraNa ko na jAnA, na hI vRttiyoM aura sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI / (4) Nau paccAhArahA~ tatti kiya, Nau sadhiheM uppari buddhi thiya / Nau Nisuau satta vihattiyau, chavvihau samAsa-pauttiyau // - vahI - pratyAhAroM meM bhI maiMne saMtoSa prApta nahIM kiyA / saMdhiyoM ke Upara merI buddhi sthira nhiiN| sAta vibhaktiyA~ bhI nahIM sunI / chaha kAla aura dasa lakAra nahIM sune / (5) vIrahoM paya paNavivi maMdamai, saviNayagiru japai vIru kai / / jo paraguNagrahaNa kajjeM jiyai, siviNe vi na dosu lesu niyai ||-jbusaamicrit 1.2 vIra bhagavAna ke caraNoM ko praNAma karake maMdamati dhIra kavi vinayapUrvaka kahate haiM - jo dUsaroM ke guNagrahaNa karane ke lie hI jIvita arthAt jAgrata va udyata rahatA hai aura svapna meM bhI lezamAtra doSa nahIM dekhatA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 - vahI (6) so suyaNu sahAve sacchamai, guNadosa parikkhahi nAruhai / guNa saMpai payaDai dosuchalu, abbhAse jANato vi khalu // - vahI - aisA svabhAva se svacchamati sajjana (kisI ke) guNa-doSoM kI parIkSA meM ayogya hotA hai - arthAt usa ora usakI pravRtti nahIM jAtI, parantu durjana apane abhyAsa (Adata) doSa se jAnatA huA bhI dUsaroM ke guNoM ko to DhaMkatA hai aura jhUThe doSa ko prakAzita karatA hai / 4. vadanaka yaha 16 mAtrika chaMda hai / gaNayojanA sAmAnyataH 6+4+4+2 hai / antima do mAtrAe~ laghu honI cAhie / udAharaNa - (1) rAme jaNaNi ja je Aucchiya / . Niru NicceyaNa takkhaNe mucchiya // - paumacariu, 23.4 - rAma ne jaba mA~ se isa prakAra pUchA to vaha tatkAla acetana hokara mUrchita ho gyii| (2) camarukkhevai hi~ kiya paDavAyaNa / dukkhu-dukkhu puNu jAya saceyaNa // - camara dhAraNa karanevAlI striyoM ne havA kI / bar3I kaThinAI se vaha sacetana huI / (3) NIlakkhaNa NIrAmummAhiya / puNi vi sadukkhau melliya dhAhiya // - vahI - lakSmaNa aura rAma ke binA vyathita vaha dukhI hokara pukAra macAne lagI / (4) paI viNu ko haya-gayahu~ caDesai / paI viNu ko jhindueNNa ramesai // - vahI - tumhAre binA azva aura gaja para kauna car3hegA ? tumhAre binA kauna geMda se khelegA ? (5) paI viNu ko para-balu bhajesai / pai~ viNu ko maI sAhAresai // - vahI - tumhAre binA kauna zatru-senA kA nAza karegA ? tumhAre binA kauna mujhe sahArA degaa| jiNu aviulu avicalu vIsatyau / thiu chammAsu palamviya-hatthau // pa.ca. 2.12 - jina bhagavAna, chaha mAha taka hAtha lambe kiye hue avikala, avicala aura vizvasta rhe| 5. madanAvatAra yaha 20 mAtrAoMvAlA chada hai / sAmAnyatayA gaNa yojanA 5+5+5+5 hai / udAharaNa - (1) ke vi saNNaddha samaraGgaNe dujjayA, ke vibhAmaNDalAicca - candaddhayA / ke vi siri-sasa - Avariya - kalasa-DayA, ke vikAraNDa-karahaMsa koJcaddhayA // pa. ca. 60.5
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI yuddha meM ajeya kitane hI yoddhA taiyAra hone lage / kitane hI yoddhAoM ke dhvajoM , bhAmaNDala, Aditya aura candramA ke cihna akita the / kitanoM ke dhvajoM para zrI aura zaMkhoM se Dhake hue kalaza akita the / kitane hI dhvajoM para haMsa, kalahaMsa aura krAMca pakSI akita the| (2) ke vi aliyalla - mAyaGga - sIhaddhayA, ke vi khara-turaya-visamesa-mahisa-dayA / ke vi sasa saraha-sAraGga-riJcha-dayA, ke vi ahi-NarAla-maga-mora garuDadayA // - vahI - kitane hI dhvajAoM para mAtaMga aura siMha akita the / kitanI hI patAkAoM para khara, turaga, viSameSa aura mahiSa akita the / kinhIM dhvajoM para zaza, zarabha, sAraMga aura rIcha akita the / kinhIM dhvajoM para sAMpa, nakula, mRga, mora aura garur3a akita the / ke vi siva-sANa-gomAu-pamaya-DayA, ke vi ghaNa-vijju-taru-kamala-kulisaddhayA / ke vi saMsaara-kari-mayara-maccha-ddhayA, ke vi Nakohara-ggAha-kumbhaddhayA // - vahI - kinhIM dhvajoM para ziva, zANa zRgAla aura bandara akita ye / kinhIM dhvajoM para suMsukara, hAthI, magara aura machalI akita the / kinhIM patAkAoM meM nakra, grAha aura kacchapa aMkita the / (4) NIla-Nala-Nahusa-raimanda-hatthubbhavA, jambu-jambuka-ambhohi-java-jamvavA / pattha uppittha-patyAra-dappuddharA, pihula-pihukAya-bhUbhaGga-ubbhaGgurA // - vahI nIla, nala, nahuSa, ratimaMda, hastiudbhava, jambu, jambUkka, ambodhi, java, jambava, patthaka, pitya, prastAra, darpoddhara, pRthula, pRthukAya, bhUbhaMga aura udbhagura / (5) ramma mahA ja ca puNNAya - NAehi, kusumiya - layA - velli - pallava - NihAehi~ / kappUra - kaMkola - elA - lavaGgehi, mahumAhavI - mAhuliGgI - viDaGge hi // - pa. ca. 3.1 jo mahAna udyAna, khilI huI latAoM, pallavoM aura beloM ke samUha se yukta thA / punnAga, nAga-vRkSoM tathA karpUra, kaMkola, elA, lavaMga, madhumAdhavI, mAtuliMgI, viDaMga / / (6) bhuva - devadAruhiM riddhehiM cArehi, kosambha - sajjehiM koraNTa - kojehiM / accaiya jUhIhi~ jAsavaNa - mallIhi~ keyie jAehi~ avarahi mi jAIhi~ // - pa. ca., 3.1 - bhUrja, devadAru, riTu, cAra, kauzamba, sadya, koraNTa, koMja, accaiya, jUhI, jAsavaNa, mallI, ketakI aura jAtakI vRkSoM se ramaNIya thA /
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________________ bhraMza-bhAratI-2 zAlabhaMjikA yaha 24 mAtrAvAlA samadvipadI hai / yati 12 para / udAharaNa (1) tAva tetyu NijjhAiya vAvi asoya- mAliNI / hemavaNNa sapaohara maNahara NAIM kAmiNI // pa. ca. 42.10 taba usane azoka-mAlinI nAma kI bAvaDI dekhI, sunahale varNa kI vaha jaise sapayodhara (jala, stana dhAraNa karanevAlI) sundara kAminI ho / - (2) cau duvAra - cau - goura - cautoraNa - rakhaNNiyA - -- (3) tarhi paeseM vaidehi ThaveppiNu gau dasANaNo / jhijjamANu viraheNa visaMthalu vimaNu dummaNo // vahI usa pradeza meM sItAdevI ko pratiSThita kara dazAnana calA gayA, viraha se kSINa visaMsthala vimana aura atyanta durmana / - (4) mayaNa - vANa - jajjariyau jariu Avanti janti dUiAu kAmadeva ke bANoM se jarjara aura jvarayukta jise nivAraNa karanA kaThina hai / saikar3oM bAra dUtiyA~ AtI haiM aura jAtI haiM / / campaya-tilaya - baula-NAraGga- lakGga - chaNNiyA // vaha cAra dvAroM aura gopuroM se sundara thI, campaka, tilaka, bakula, nAraMga aura lavaMga vRkSoM se AcchAdita thI / (5) vayaNaehiM khara- mahurehiM muhu sUsai visUrae / choheM chor3eM NivaDantaeN jUAro vva jUrae // - duvAra - vArao / sayavAra- vArao // - - 55 (6) siru dhuNei kara moDai aGgu klei kampae / aharU levi NijjhAyai kAmasareNa jampae // vahI vaha sira dhunatA hai, hAtha mor3atA hai, zarIra mor3atA hai, kA~patA hai / adhara pakar3akara dhyAnamagna ho jAtA hai / kAma ke svara meM bolatA hai / vilAsinI vahI kaThora aura madhura zabdoM se usakA mukha sUkhatA hai, vaha khinna hotA hai, kSobha kSobha meM vaha giratA hai, juArI kI taraha pIr3ita hotA hai / solaha mAtrika samadvipadI, anta ragaNa / udAharaNa (1) tAva tetyu bhIsAvaNe vaNe / ekamekka-hakkAraNe raNe // taba isa bhayaMkara vana meM, jisameM eka-dUsare ko haMkArA jA rahA hai / (2) chatta - daNDa saya-khaNDa - khaNDie / haDDa-ruNDa - vicchaDDu - maNDie // vahI chatroM aura daNDoM ke sau-sau Tukar3e ho cuke haiM, jo haDDiyoM aura dhar3oM ke samUha se AcchAdita haiM / - - paumacariu, 40.2
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________________ 56 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 (3) tarhi mahAhave ghora-dAruNe / chi vIra paharantu sAhaNe // - vahI - aise usa ghora mahAyuddha meM senA ke bhItara vaha vIra prahAra karatA huA dikhAyI diyA / (4) ki maeNa dUsaNeNa samvuNA / sAyaro kimoha vinduNA // - dUSaNa yA zambU ke mara jAne se kyA ? bUMda se samudra kA kyA hotA hai / (5) indaNIla-veruliya-Nimmala / pomarAya-maragaya-samujjala // - pa. ca. 55.5 - indranIla aura vaidUrya se nirmala padmarAga aura marakata maNiyoM se / (6) vara-pavAla-mAlA-palamvira / mottieka-jhumbuka-jhumvira // - vahI - uttama mUMgoM kI mAlA se lambamAna aura jhUmaroM se jhumbira thA vaha bhavana / 8. cappar3a mAtrA - 20, anta la la / udAharaNa - (1) sUruggamaNahA~ laggivi teraha ghaDiya', avaru vi paMcAsahiM to phlahahiM caDiyaI / hosai mihaNalaggu vahuvaramaNadihiyaru, ta NisuNevi vayaNu gau Niyagharai vaNivaru / - sa. cariu, 5.4 - sUrya ke udaya hone se teraha ghar3I aura pacAsa pala caDha jAne para mithuna lagna hogA, jo vara-vadhu ke manoM ko sukha upajAnevAlA hai / jyotiSI kI yaha bAta sunakara seTha apane ghara calA gayA / lahu vivAhasAmaggi asesa paujiya, badhava sayaNa iTTa ke ke Nau raMjiya / dohiM vi gharahiM cAru maMDau viraijjai, dohi vi gharaI asamu toraNu ubbhijjai / - vahI - usane zIghra hI vivAha kI samagra sAmagrI ekatrita kI / bAMdhava, svajana va iSTamitra kauna aise ye jo prasanna nahIM hue / donoM gharoM meM sundara maNDapa race gaye / donoM gharoM meM anupama toraNa lagAe gae / (3) dohiM vi gharahiM ghusiNacchaDaullau dijjai, dohi vi gharahiM rayaNaraMgAvali kijjai / dohi vi gharahi~ dhavalu maMgalu gAijjai, dohi vi gharahiM gahiru tUrau vAijjai / - vahI
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 - (4) dohiM vi gharahi~ viviha AharaNu laijjai, do vi gharahiM laDahataruNihiM Naccijjai / saccuvahANu eha NArihi~ dihigArau, kalaha dudu jAmAiu tUrU piyArau / vahI donoM hI gharoM meM vividha AbharaNa lie jAne lage / donoM hI gharoM meM sundara taruNiyoM ke nRtya hone lage / yaha upAkhyAna ( kahAvata ) satya hI hai ki nAriyoM ko kalaha, dUdha, jAmAtA aura tUrya prasannakArI aura pyArA hotA hai / donoM hI gharoM meM kezara kI chaTAe~ dI gaI / donoM hI gharoM meM ratnoM kI raMgAvali kI gaI / donoM hI gharoM meM dhavala- maMgala gAna hone lage / donoM hI gharoM meM gaMbhIra tUrya bajane lagA / 9. gAhA (gAI) mAtrAe~ - 27, 12+15, 12+15 / prathama va tRtIya yatiyA~ zabda ke bIca meN| udAharaNa - (1) mayaraddhayanaccu naDatiu jaMbukumAreM bhelliyau / vahuvAu tAu NaM divau kaTThamayau vAulliyau / ja. sA. ca. 9.1.5-6 makaradhvaja kA nAca nAcatI huI una vadhuoM ko jaMbukumAra ne apane saMparka meM lAyI huI kASTha kI putaliyoM ke samAna dekhA / - (2) uvayAgau bhAvasarUveM bhujai kammAsaeNNaviNu / saMsArA bhAvahI~ kAraNu bhAu ji chaDDiya paradaviNu // vahI, ghattA jJAnI isa paristhiti ko udayAgata bhAvoM (karmoM) ke anusAra (navIna) karmAsrava ke binA, paradravya (meM Asakti) ko chor3akara bhogatA hai, aura yahI bhAva (viveka) saMsArAbhAva arthAt mokSa kA kAraNa hai / 57 - ( 3 ) piya hAliyadhaNahaDatullau vachai kicche tau karivi / saMdehagau suranAriu Ayau tumhai~ pariharivi // vahI, 9.4 ghattA - priyatama dhanadatta hAlI ke samAna hai, (kyoMki) yaha tuma sabako chor3akara bahuta kaSTa se tapa karake aisI suranAriyoM kI vAMchA karatA hai, jinakI prApti meM pUrNa sandeha hai / (4) nisidivasasatta dhArAharu barisai pUriyadharaNiyalu / saMcAru na labbhai salile hua AdaNNau jaga sayalu // - vahI, 9.9 ghattA sAta rAta-dinoM taka megha nirantara barasatA rahA aura usane dharAtala ko jala se pUra diyA / pAnI ke kAraNa saMcaraNa (mArga) milanA bhI kaThina ho gayA aura sArA jaga vyAkula ho gayA / - - (5) gaya addharatti bollata haiM to vi kumAru na bhaveM ramai / tarhi kAleM coru vijjuccaru caurevai pureM paribhamai // vahI, 9.11 ghattA (isa prakAra) kathAvArtA karate-karate AdhI rAta bIta gayI, to bhI kumAra saMsAra meM Asakta nahIM huA / isI samaya vidyuccara nAma kA cora corI karane ke lie nagarI meM bhramaNa kara rahA thA /
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________________ 58 ( 6 ) iya putta vioya kuDhAreM phArDevi khaMDa khaMDu ki / vahI, 9.15 ghattA aMgArapurje saMdiNNau lavaNu va saya sakkaruhiyau // isa putraviyoga ke kuThAra ne hRdaya ko phAr3akara khaMDa-khaMDa kara diyA hai, aura aMgAra meM DAle hue lavaNa ke samAna zatazaH vidIrNa kara diyA hai / 10. khaMDaya yaha 13 mAtrika samamAtrika chaMda hai / anta meM ragaNa AnA cAhie / udAharaNa (1) pahu tau daMsaNakAraNaM lahivi viyappai~ me maNa / tumhe samuccaya cirabhavi kahi mi pariccayaM // - ja. sA. ca., 8.2 AraMbhika prabhu Apake darzanoM kA hetu prApta kara mere mana meM aisA vikalpa huA hai ki Apake sAtha kahIM pUrva bhava meM viziSTa (pragAr3ha ) paricaya rahA / (2) saggaccaviu maNohare, jAyau etthu ji puravare / so tuhu~ jiyasakaMdaNo, aruhayAsavaNinaMdaNo // - (3) iya soUNa malaharo, bollai vayaNa gaNaharo / tA vaccasu sanihelaNa, pucchasu piya mAyAjaNaM // apabhraMza bhAratI-2 - - - vahI, 8.5 vahI tU svarga se cyuta hokara isa manohara sundara va zreSTha nagara meM aradAsa vaNik kA indra ko bhI jItanevAlA putra huA hai / (4) caramasarIrahI~ te maNa ma karau kiM pi viyappaNaM / AuccheppiNu pariyaNa sevasu vaccha tavovaNa // vahI, 8.7 re vatsa ! tujha caramazarIrI ko apane mana meM koI vikalpa lAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, ataH parijanoM se pUchakara tapovana kA sevana karanA / - vahI, 8.6 yaha sunakara ve (karma) malanAzaka gaNadhara bole- 'to phira apane ghara jAo aura mAtA-pitAjanoM se pUcho / ' (5) iya saMsAre jaMpiyaM, nisaNeM vi javaNI jaMpiya / caugai dukkha niyAmiNA, bhaNiya jaMbUsAmiNA // vahI, 8.8 isa saMsAra meM jo priya hai, jananI ke vaise kathana ko sunakara, cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkha kA niyamana karanevAle jaMbUsvAmI ne kahA / ( 6 ) tA tahi~ maMDaveM thakkaya, diTTha seTThicaukkaya / toraNadAraparAiyA tehi~ mi te vi vihAiyA // vahI, 8.9 taba (ina donoM puruSoM ne vahA~ jAkara ) maMDapa meM baiThe hue cAroM zreSThiyoM ko dekhA, aura toraNadvAra pAra karate hI ve donoM bhI una zreSThiyoM ke dvArA dekhe gaye /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 11. dohA mAtrA 13,11; 13,11 anta ga la / udAharaNa - (1) jANami vaNi guNagaNasahiu parajuvaIhiM virattu / para mahu abule hiyavaDau u citei parattu // - sudasaNacariu 8.6.1-2 - maiM jAnatI hU~ ki vaha vaNigvara bar3A guNavAna hai aura parAI yuvatiyoM se virakta hai / kintu he mAtA / merA hRdaya aura kahIM lagatA hI nahIM / (2) deula deva vi satthu guru, tityu vi veu vi kabbu / __bacchu ju dIsai kusumiyau, iMdhaNu hosai sabbu // - joiMdu - devala (devakula), deva (jinadeva) bhI, zAstra, guru, tIrtha bhI, veda bhI, kAvya, vRkSa jo kusumita dikhAyI par3atA hai, vaha saba Idhana hogA / (3) pacaheM NAyaku vasikarahu, jeNa hoti vasi aNNu / mUla viNaTThai taruvaraha, avasaI sukkahiM paNNu // - joiMdu - pA~ca (iMdriyoM) ke nAyaka (mana) ko vaza meM karo jisase anya bhI vaza meM hote haiM / taruvara kA mUla naSTa kara dene para parNa avazya sUkhate haiM / (4) jo guNa govai appaNA, payaDA karai parassu / tasu hau~ kali-jugi dullahahA~, bali kijjau~ sujaNassu // - hemacandra - jo apanA guNa gove (chipAe) aura parAe kA (guNa) prakaTa kare, kaliyuga meM durlabha usa . sajjana para maiM bali jAU~ / (5) jIviu kAsu na vallahau~, dhaNupuNu kAsu na iTTu / doNNi vi avasara niviDiaI, tiNa-sama-gaNai visiTu // - hemacandra - jIvana kise pyArA nahIM ? dhana kise iSTa nahIM ? (kintu) avasara A par3ane para viziSTa (puruSa) donoM ko hI tRNa-sama ginatA hai / (6) sAhu vi lou taDaphphaDai, vaDDattaNaho taNeNa / vaDDappaNu pari pAviai, hatyi mokkalaDeNa // - hemacandra - sabhI loga baDappana ke lie tar3aphar3Ate haiM, para baDappana mukta hAtha (audAya) se milatA 12. sArIya 20-mAtrika chanda, anta meM guru laghu / udAharaNa - saMta (1) timira Niyacchevi paDiya gayA tattha, thiu jhANajoeNa seTThIsaro jattha / paNavati japer3a laggI payaggammi, jai atthi jIve dayA tumha dhammammi / - sudasaNacariu 8.20
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 aMdhakAra phailA dekhakara paDitA vahA~ gaI, jahA~ seThoM kA agraNI sudarzana dhyAna yoga meM sthita thA / vaha praNAma karate hue usake pairoM se laga gaI aura bolI - yadi tumhAre dharma meM jIvadayA hai / (2) aNurAyavatIhi biddANagattIheM, kari jIvarakkhA tuma rAyapattIheM / virahAhiTThIhe he sAmi ki teNa, Nahi hoi jIvAsa melAvamateNa // - vahI to tuma usa anurAgavatI khinnagAtrI rAjapatnI ke jIva kI rakSA karo / he svAmI, jisake dvArA virahAgni se jalatI huI strI ke jIvana kI AzA na ho sake, usa melApaka maMtra se kyA lAbha ? (3) ma cirAhi e ehi ummIlaNettAI, lahu gapi Aligi somaalgttaaii| bhaNu kassa tuTTo jiNo desi NANassa, lai ajja jAyaM phala tujjha mANassa // - vahI ataeva dera mata karo / Ao, Ao, zIghra calakara usa unmIlita netra, sukumAragAtrI kA AliMgana karo / bhalA kaho to, jinendra saMtuSTa hokara bhI tumheM kauna-sI bAta pradAna karegA ? lo, Aja hI tumhAre dhyAna kA phala tumheM mila rahA hai / (4) to mahitalapata vijjAharideNa, ukkhittahatyeNa Na vaNa karaMdaNa / navanisiyapaharaNaphaDADoyanAeNa, paMcamuhagujArasanihaninAeNa // - jaMbusAmicariu 5.14.6 taba pRthvI para Thokara mArate hue, banaile hAthI ke samAna hAtha (pakSa meM saiMDa) uThAye hue nAga ke phaNATopa ke samAna naye zAna diye hue zastra ko liye hue siMha-garjana ke samAna ninAda karake uThate hue / (5) lai leha lehu ti ANattabhicceNa, uTuMtasateNa saMgaradaicceNa / tA uTThiyA drudappiTTabalala?, haNu haNu bhayaMtANa khaNarAya sahasaTTa / - vahI, 5.14.8 - usa saMgrAma daitya ke dvArA apane bhRtyoM ko yaha AjJA dI jAne para ki le lo / le lo / (pakar3o / pakar3o !) bala meM pradhAna (zreSTha balazAlI) aSTa sahasra duSTa va darpiSTha (garvIle) khecara mAro-mAro, kahate hue uThe / (6) uggiNakaravAla saMyANa thakkehi nAgata kotehi bhAmata cakkehiM / dhaNaguNanivesata kaDDhaMtavANehi, hetu samAraddha amuNiya pamANehiM / - jabusAmicariu 5.14.10
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 - talavAroM ko nikAlakara aura vAra karane kI sthiti meM Akara bhAloM ko jhukAte hue aura cakroM ko ghumAte hue, dhanuSa para DorI car3hAte hue, bANoM ko nikAlate hue, aise ajJAta pramANa (sahasro) bhaToM ne use mArane kA upakrama kiyA / 13. candralekhA mAtrA-24 (10+8+6), antaryamaka kI yojanA / udAharaNa - (1) valu vayaNeNa teNa, sahu~ sAhaNeNa, saMcalliu / NAI mahAsamuha, jalayara-raudda, utyalliu // - paumacariu 40.16.2 - ina zabdoM se, rAma senA ke sAtha yahA~-vahA~ isa prakAra cale jaise jalacaroM se raudra mahAsamudra hI uchala par3A ho / (2) diNNANaMda-bheri, paDivaksa kheri, kharavajjiya / Na mayarahara-vela, kallolabola, galagajjiya // - vahI, 40.16.3 - khara se rahita ? zatru ko kSobha utpanna karanevAlI AnandabherI bajA dI gayI mAno laharoM ke samUhavAlI samudra kI belA hI garaja uThI ho / * (3) katthA paheM payaTTa, dugdhoTTa-ghaTTa, mayabhariyA / sire gumagumagumanta, - cumacumacumanta, caJcariyA // - vahI - kahIM mada se bharI huI, jisake sira para bhramara gunaguna aura cumacuma kara rahe haiM aisI gajaghaTA patha para cala par3I / (4) katthai khilihilanta, hayahilihilanta, NIsariyA / caJcala-caDula-cavala, calavalaya pavala, pakkhariyA // - vahI - kahIM khilakhilAte aura hinahinAte hue ghor3e nikalane lage / caMcala, caTula aura capala cala-valaya se prabala unheM kavaca pahanA diye gaye / (5) ema payaTTa simiru, Na vahala timiru, udghAiu / tamalaGkAra-Nayaru, NimisantareNa, saMpAiu // - vahI - aise patha para zivira calA, mAno pracura andhakAra daur3A ho / vaha usa tamalaMkAra nagara meM eka pala ke bhItara pahu~ca gayA / (6) piya-viraheNa rAmu, ai-khAma-khAmu, jhINaGgau / paya-maggeNa teNa, kantaha~ taNeNa, Na laggau // - vahI - atyanta kSama rAma priyA ke viraha se kSINa zarIra lekara aise lagate the mAno kAntA ke usI mArga se jA lage hoM / 14. cArupada dasa mAtrika chaMda, anta guru-laghu yA laghu / udAharaNa - (1) bho suhaya iha jammeM, Nipavitti jiNa dhamma / kariUNa AyAsu, pAvihasi suravAsu // - sudasaNacariu, 8.25
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 - he sundara / isa janma meM tuma ati pavitra jinadharma meM prayAsa karake svargavAsa hI to pAoge / (2) kiM teNa sokkheNa, ja hoi dukkheNa / lai tAma paccakkhu, tuhu~ maNi raisukkhu / - vahI - kiMtu usa sukha se kyA lAbha jo duHkhapUrvaka prApta ho ? isalie lo tuma isa pratyakSa ratisukha kA Adara karo / (3) iyajAma vayapuNNa, thiu lei supaiNNa / picchevi sahasatti, citei Nivapatti / __ - vahI . - isa prakAra, jaba sudarzana vratapUrNa supratijJA le rahA thA, tabhI rAjapatnI sahasA usakI ora dekhakara socane lagI / (4) paccakkhu eNhu mAru, paricatta sigAru / jai taNu pasAhei, to jagu vimohei / - vahI yaha zrRMgArahIna hote hue bhI sAkSAt kAmadeva hai / yadi yaha apane zarIra ko AbhUSita kara le taba to samasta jaga ko vimohita kara legA / (5) virahaggi satattu, kettaDau mahu cittu / puNu bhaNai sacchehi~, NimmIliacchehi / - vahI - virahAgni se saMtapta merA citta to hai hI kitanA ? phira vaha apanI svaccha nimIlita A~khoM sahita bolI / (6) jhAehi ki NAha, utatta kaNayAha / muhajitta mayavAha, tiyacitta mayavAha / - vahI tapAye hue suvarNa ke sadRza apane mukha se candra ko jItanevAle tathA striyoM ke citta meM mada utpanna karanevAle, he nAtha ! Apa kyA soca rahe haiM ? 15. madhubhAra ATha mAtrika chaMda hai / udAharaNa - (1) tihuvaNarammahu~, to vi Na dhammahu~ / laggahiM mUDhiu, pAva parUDhiu // - sudasaNacariu, 6.15 - itane para bhI ve mUr3ha pApa meM phaMsI huI tribhuvanaramya dharma meM mana nahIM lagAtI / (2) kuMTiu maMTiu, moTTiu choTTiu / bahiriu adhiu, aiduggadhiu // - vahI - ve ThUThI, laMgar3I, moTI, choTI, baharI, aMdhI, atidurgandhI (hotI hai)| (3) maila kuceliu, kalahaNa sIliu / bhikkha bhamatiu, dukkha sahatiu // - vahI
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 - mailI-kucailI, kalahazIla, bhikhamaMgI hokara duHkha sahatI hai / (4) iya ciru acchahi, sokkha samicchahi / daiya? rUsahi, appau dUsahi~ // - vahI - isa avasthA meM cirakAla taka rahatI haiM / sukha kI icchA karatI haiM / deva para ruSTa hotI haiM aura apane ko kosatI haiM / 15. mattamAtaMga mAtrA - 16, gaNayojanA - 6+4+4+2, tukayojanA 1/2 / udAharaNa - (1) ema bhaNevi vIra-cUDAmaNi / paumappaha-vimANe thiu pAvaNi // tahiM avalareM suggIu virujjhi| bhAmaNDalu sarosu saNNajjhai // - paumacariu 60.4 - vIrazreSTha hanumAna yaha kahakara padmaprabha vimAna meM jAkara baiTha gayA / isa avasara para sugrIva bhI viruddha ho uThA / roSa se bharakara bhAmaNDala bhI taiyArI karane lagA / (2) sajjiyAI cau haMsa-vimANaI / jiNavara bhavaNahA~ aNuharamANaI // .. gaya rayAi~ Na siddhaha~ thANaI / bhaGga-jaNaI NaM kusumahA~ bANaI // - vahI - cAroM haMsa-vimAna sajA diye gaye, jo jinavara bhavanoM ke samAna the / ve vimAna siddha-sthAnoM kI taraha gataraja (pApa aura dhUla se rahita) the, kAmadeva ke bANoM kI bhauti bhaMgajana (manuSyoM ko vicalita kara denevAle) the / (3) mandara-sela-sihara-sacchAyai~ / kiGkiNI-ghagghara-ghaNTA NAyai~ // ali muhaliya-muttAhala-dAmaI / vijju-meha-ravi-sasipaha NAmai~ // - vahI unake zikhara pahAr3oM kI coTiyoM ke samAna sundara kAtimaya the / ve kiMkiNI, ghagghara aura ghaNToM ke svara se ninAdita the / usameM jar3ita muktAmAlAoM ko bhaure cUma rahe the| una vimAnoM ke kramazaH nAma the - vidyutaprabha, meghaprabha, raviprabha aura zaziprabha / (4) hari-valahaddahu~ ve paTTaviyaI / ve appANahA~ kAraNe ThaviyaI // jiNu jayakAreMvi vi caDiu vihIsaNu / jo bhaya-bhIya-jIva mambhIsaNu // - vahI - pahale do vibhISaNa ne rAma aura lakSmaNa ke lie bheje the, aura bAkI do apane lie rakha chor3e the / jina bhagavAna kI jaya bolakara vibhISaNa vimAna para car3ha gayA, vaha vibhISaNa jo bhayabhIta logoM ko abhaya pradAna karanevAlA thA / (5) kA vi kanta piya NayaNa' aJjai / kA vi kanta raNa tilau pauJjai / kA vi kanta saviyArau jampai / kA vi kanta tamvola, samappai // - vahI .. - koI kAntA apane priya ke netroM ko auMja rahI thI / koI kAntA apane priya ke bhAla para tilaka nikAla rahI thI / koI kAntA vikAragrasta hokara kucha kaha rahI thI / koI kAntA pAna samarpita kara rahI thI /
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________________ 64 apabhraMza bhAratI-2 vahI ( 6 ) kA vi kanta sireM bandha phullaI / batthaI parihAve amullaI // kA vi kanta AharaNai~ Dhoyai / kA vi kanta paramuhu jeM paloyai // koI kAntA apane sira meM phUla khoMsa rahI thI aura amUlya vastra pahana rahI thii| koI kAntA gahane Dho rahI thI / koI kAntA dUsare kA mukha dekha rahI thI / - kramazaH 1. svayaMbhUchanda 8.15. saMpAdaka eca. DI. velaNakara, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura rAja. 1962 / 2. "From these pieces....... ..... called the Paddhadika" page'no. 9596, paumacariu, sa. DaoN. harivallabha cunIlAla bhAyANI, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1953 I 3. "From this it is clear that here are term Paddhadia stands not for one particular metre but a class of metres" vahI, pR. sa. 95 |
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 paumacariu svayambhU kA bimbavidhAna * DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva 'paumacariu apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU (IsavI AThavI-navIM zatI) dvArA arthagarbhakAvya bhASA meM racita rAma-mahAkAvya athavA rAmAyaNa hai / yaha mahAkAvya itihAsa, kalpanA, mithakIya cetanA evaM kathArUr3hi se mizrita kathAnaka kI vyApakatA aura vizAlatA, sAtha hI bhAvasaghana evaM rasapezala bhASika vakratA, camatkArapUrNa varNana-zailI, mohaka bimba aura udAtta saundarya se paripUrNa kAvyabhASA ke manorama zilpa se sajjita asAdhAraNa kRti hai / kalpanA jaba mUrtarUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, taba bimboM kI sRSTi hotI hai aura jaba bimba pratimita yA vyutpanna yA prayoga ke paunaHpunya se kisI nizcita artha meM nirdhArita ho jAtA hai, taba vaha pratIka bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra bimba kalpanA aura pratIka kA madhyavartI hai / bimba-vidhAna kalAkAra kI amUrta sahajAnubhUti ko indriyagrAhyatA pradAna karatA hai / kalpanA se yadi sAmAnya vicAra-citroM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, to bimba se vizeSa citroM kI / "paumacariu' meM aneka aise kalAtmaka citra haiM jo apanI vizeSatA se manorama bimboM kI udbhAvanA karate haiM / 'paumacariu' meM vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se bimboM kA nirmANa huA hai, jaise kucha bimba to dRzya ke sAdRzya ke AdhAra para nirmita hue haiM aura kucha saMvedana kI pratikRti se / isI prakAra, katipaya bimba kisI mAnasika dhAraNA yA vicAraNA se nirmita hue hai to kucha bimboM kA nirmANa kisI vizeSa artha ko dyotita karanevAlI ghaTanAoM se haA hai| punaH kucha bimba upamAna yA aprastuta se nirmita haiM to kucha upameya yA prastuta se / kalpanA kI
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 bhauti bimba bhI vibhinna indriyoM, jaise cakSu, ghrANa, zravaNa, sparza, AsvAda Adi se nirmita hote haiM / mahAkavi svayaMbhU dvArA prastuta bimboM ke adhyayana se unakI prakRti ke sAtha hI yuga kI vicAra-dhArA kA bhI patA calatA hai / kula milAkara, bimba eka prakAra kA rUpavidhAna hai, aura aindriya AkarSaNa hI kisI kalAkAra ko bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita karatA hai / rUpa-vidhAna hone ke kAraNa hI adhikAMza bimba cAkSuSa hote haiM / 66 - mahAkavi dvArA nirmita laMkA ke trikUTa parvata aura usa para avasthita sAta upavanoM se AvRtta laMkA nagarI kA manorama cAkSuSa bimba-vidhAna draSTavya hai - giri diTTu tikUDu jaNa-maNa- nayaNa - suhAvaNau / raviDibhaho diSNu NaM mahi-kulabahuaeN paNau // t dharu dharahe gabbhu NIsariyau / sattahiM uvavaNehiM pariyariau / pahilau vaNu NAmeNa paiNNau / sajjaNa hiyau jema vitviNNau // bIyau jaNa maNa-NayaNAnaMdaNu / NAvara jiNavara bimbu sacaMdaNu / taiyau vaNu suhaseu suhAvau / jiNavara sAsaNu NAIM sa sAvaja // cauthau vaNu NAmeNa samuccau / baga-balAya kAraMDa-sakoca / cAraNa-vaNu paMcamau ravaNNau / caMpaya tilaya vaDala saMchaSNau // chaTThau vaNu NAmeNa Nibohau / mahuara - ruNuruTaMtu mahuara ruNuruTaMtu susohau / sattamu vaNu sIyalu sacchAyau pamaujjANu NAma vikkhAya // tahiM girivara paTTe sohai laMkANayari kiha / thiya gamavara ghe gahiya pasAhaNa bahua jiha // / 42, 8.9, 9.1-9 arthAt, laMkA nagarI kA (ravibimba ko sparza karanevAlA) trikUTa parvata logoM ke manoM aura A~khoM ke lie aisA suhAvanA lagatA thA mAno vaha dharatI kA stana ho aura dharatI ne jise ravi-rUpI bAlaka ko pIne ke lie de diyA ho / vaha parvata dharatI kA ubharA huA madhyabhAga ke samAna thaa| vaha lakAnagarI sAta upavanoM se AvRtta thii| pahalA prakIrNa nAmaka vana sajjana hRdaya ke samAna atizaya vistRta thA / janamana ke nayanoM ko Ananda denevAlA dUsarA vana jinavara ke bimba (pratimA) kI taraha candanayukta (candana ke vRkSoM se yukta) thaa| tIsarA zubhasetu yA sukhasetu nAmaka zobhAzAlI vana jinavara zAsana ke samAna zvApadoM aura zrAvakoM se sahita thA / cauthA samuccaya nAmaka vana baka- balAkA aura kAraNDa-krauMca pakSiyoM se bharA thA / pA~cavA~ ramaNIya cAraNa vana campaka, tilaka aura bakula vRkSoM se Acchanna thaa| chaThA nibodhaka nAmaka vana madhukaroM ke guMjAra se suzobhita thA / sAtavA~ khyAtanAmA pramadodyAna saghana chAyA se yukta aura zItala thA / usa girivara kI pITha para avasthita lakAnagarI kI zobhA isa prakAra thI, jaise sajI saiMvarI huI vadhU zreSTha hAthI ke kandhe para baiThI huI ho / prastuta avataraNa meM hRdayAvarjaka cAkSuSa bimba ('oNpTikala imeja') kA vidhAna huA hai / isa aindriya bimba meM dRzya ke sAdRzya para rUpa-vidhAna to huA hI hai, upamAna yA aprastuta ke
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 67 dvArA bhI saMvedana yA tIvra anubhUti kI pratikRti ke mAdhyama se sthApatya-bimba kA manohArI nirmANa huA hai / isameM vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se nirmita bimba tathyabodhaka bhAva-vizeSa kA saphala saMvahana karate haiM / mahAkavi dvArA ravi zizu ko pilA rahI pRthvI ke stana-rUpa meM varNita trikUTa parvata aura hAthI para baiThI sajI-saivarI vadhU-rUpa meM citrita laMkAnagarI kA indriyagamya bimba saundaryodabhAvaka aura sAtizaya kalA-rucira bhI hai / 'sacaMdaNu' aura 'sasAvau prayoga meM prastuta tathA aprastuta donoM pakSoM para lAgU honevAle bimba zleSa se nirmita hue haiM / 'mahuara-ruNuruMTatu' meM zravaNa-bimba tathA 'vaNu sIyalu' meM sparza-bimba ke vinyAsa se samagra cAkSuSa bimba ko tato'dhika AvarjakatA prApta huI hai / pratyakSa rUpavidhAna ke antargata navamegha kA eka udAtta kalpanAmUlaka cAkSuSa bimba darzanIya gajjata-mahAgaya-ghaNa-pabalu / tikkhagga-khagga-vijjula-pabalu / haya-paDaha-pagajjiya-gayaNayalu / sara-dhArA-dhoraNi-jala-bahalu // dhua-dhavala-chatta-DiMDIravaru / maMDaliya-cAva-suracAva-karu / saya-saMdaNa-vIDha-bhayAvahulu / siya-camara-valAya-pati-viulu // orasiya-saMkha-dadura-pauru / toNIra-mora-NaccaNa-gahiru // - 27, 4.1-6 arthAt, (navamegha) garajate mahArAja-rUpa ghana se prabala tathA tIkSNa agrabhAga yA tIkhI nokavAlI talavAra-rUpI bijalI se caMcala thA / jo Ahata nagAr3oM kI taraha AkAza ko garjana-gambhIra rahA thA, jo bANa kI dhArA kI pakti ke samAna jalavRSTi kara rahA thA, jo kA~pate hue dhavala chatra-rUpa phena se sundara laga rahA thA, jisake hAtha meM maNDalAkAra dhanuSa-rUpa indradhanuSa thA, jo saikar3oM rathapITha se bhI adhika bhayAvaha thA, jo zveta camara-rUpa bakapaktiyoM se vizAla thA, jo bajate zaMkha-rUpa meMr3hakoM se bharA thA aura jo tUNIra-rUpa mayUroM ke nRtya se gambhIra thA / prastuta cAkSuSa bimba meM rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se gatvara bimba kA AkarSaka samAhAra huA hai, jise bijalI kI capalatA, phena ke kampana aura mayUra ke nRtya meM pratyakSa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta, Ahata nagAr3oM tathA bajate zaMkharUpa meMDhakoM meM zravaNa-bimba evaM kA~pate dhavala chatra-rUpa phena meM sparza-bimba kA vidhAna bhI huA hai / sAtha hI, mahAkavi ne apanA sArthaka raMgabodha (dhavala chatra aura zveta camara) bhI upanyasta kiyA hai / isa sandarbha meM mahAkavi kA manorama raMga bodhaparaka eka cAkSuSa bimba avalokanIya hai - ta pekkhevi guja-puja-NayaNu / daTTho?ru?-rosiya-vayaNu / Abaddha-toNu dhaNuharu abhau / dhAiu lakkhaNu lahu laddha-jau // - 27, 4.7-8 arthAt, usa navamegha ko dekhakara guMjAphaloM ke samAna (lAla) A~khoMvAlA, oTha cabAte hue ruSTa aura kruddhamukha, abhaya, dhanurdhara aura vijayI lakSmaNa, tarakasa bA~dhe hue, zIghra daur3A / kahanA na hogA ki prastuta bhAvAzrita cAkSuSa bimba ke aMkana meM mahAkavi ne apane raMgabodha kA paricaya prastuta kiyA hai / isa sandarbha meM guMjAphala ke krodhArakta A~khoM kA raMgabodhamUlaka bimba
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________________ 68 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kA udAtta saundarya atizaya netrAvarjaka hai / sAtha hI, raudra aura vIra rasa ke AsaMga meM lakSmaNa ke yuddhavIra kA paruSa-bimba bhI manomohaka hai isI krama meM, bhayAnaka rasa ke AsaMga meM upasthApita anuraNanAtmaka kaThora zravaNa bimba kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai jo lakSmaNa ke dhanuSa uThAne se utpanna sthiti ke mAdhyama se nirmita hai - apphAliu mahamahaNeNa dhaNu / dhaNu-sadde samuTThiu khara-pavaNu // khara-pavaNa-pahaya jalayara raDiya / raDiyAgame vajjAsaNi paDiya // paDiyA girisihara samucchaliya / ucchaliya-caliya mahi Niddaliya // Niddaliya bhuaMga visaggi mukka / mukkaMta Navara sAyarahu~ Dhukka // DhakkatehiM bahala phuliMga pitta / ghaNa sippi-saMkha-saMpuDa palitta // dhaga-dhaga-dhagati muttAhalAI / kaDhakaDhakaDhaMti sAyara-jalAI // hasa-hasa-hasati puliNatarAI / jalajalajalati bhuaNatarAI // - 27, 5.1-7 arthAta, lakSmaNa ne apane dhanuSa para DorI car3hAkara usase TaMkAra utpanna kiyA / dhanuSTaMkAra se teja havA calane lagI jisase Ahata megha garaja uThe aura megha-garjana se vajrapAta hone lagA / pahAr3a gira par3e aura usake zikhara uchalane lage, jisase dalita dharatI Dolane lagI / dharatI ke dalita hone se pAtAlavAsI nAga phuphakAra karane lage / nAgoM kI viSAgni samudra meM jaba pahu~cI, taba usase jvAlA uThane lagI aura cinagAriyA~ chUTane lagI jisase sIpI, zaMkha-sammuTa jala uThe / muktAphala 'dhaka-dhaka karane lage / sAgara kA jala 'kar3a-kar3a karane lagA / samudra taTa 'hasa-hasa' karake dhaMsane lagA / bhuvanoM ke antarAla jalane lage / yahA~ parvata, sarpa, havA, megha, dharatI aura samudra kA bhayAnaka bimba pratyakSa rUpavidhAna kA romAMcakara udAharaNa hai, jisameM bhayaMkara cAkSuSa bimba aura paruSa zravaNa-bimba kA samekita upanyAsa huA hai / yahA~ saphala bimbagrahaNa aura prabhAvaka bimbavidhAna ke lie mahAkavi svayambhU ne bhayAnaka saundarya kI adbhuta kalpanA kI hai / hAlAki, mahAkavi dvArA nirmita yaha bimba kevala zabdAzrita isa prakAra, 'paumacariu meM mahAkavi svayambhU dvArA aneka zabdAzrita aura bhAvAzrita bimboM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jinameM bhASA aura bhAva donoM pakSoM kA samAveza haA hai| 'pauma meM aneka aise sthala sulabha haiM jahA~ mahAkavi kI kalpanA mUrtarUpa dhAraNa karake upamA aura rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se nirmita hokara bhI svatantra astitva ke sAtha bimboM kI sRSTi karane meM samartha huI hai / bahudhA vastuvizeSa ke prati aindriya AkarSaNa ke kAraNa hI mahAkavi bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita huA hai / 'paumacariu meM prApya katipaya mohaka bimba-vidhAyaka prayoga samekita rUpa meM draSTavya 1. 'NahaMgaNeNa ghaNu gajjiu' (AkAza ke A~gana meM megha kA garjana) - cAkSuSa tathA zravaNa bimba (29, 3.5) / 2. 'kAmiNi-cala-maNa macchutthallie~ (kAminiyoM ke caMcala mana-rUpa matsya) - cAkSuSa gatvara bimba (30,4.7) /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 3. 'rattuppala-dala-loyaNeNa' (raktakamala ke samAna locana) - raMgabodhaparaka cAkSuSa bimba (30, 7.9) / 4. 'dhavalAmala-komala-kamalu' (ujjvala, nirmala aura komala kamala) - raMgabodhaparaka cAkSuSa bimba aura sparza-bimba (33, 11.2) / 5. 'caMdaNa-agaru-gadha-DiviDikkiya' (candana aura agaru-gandha se suvAsita)- ghrANabimba (34, 10.4) / 6. 'diNNaI puNu timmaNaI maNi?I / ahiNava-kai-vayaNA iva miTThaI // (phira manapasanda kar3hI dI gaI, jo abhinava kavi ke vacanoM ke samAna mIThI thI) - AsvAda-bimba (34, 13.5) / isa prakAra, 'paumacariu meM paMcendriya (rUpa, rasa, zabda, sparza aura gandha) bimboM ke eka-se-eka uttama nidarzana bhare par3e haiM, jinakA vivecana svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| kahanA na hogA ki 'paumacariu' meM mahAkavi svayambhU dvArA vinivezita sabhI bimba unakI cittAnukUlatA se AzliSTa haiM, isalie citrAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI atizaya bhavya aura ramaNIya, ataeva rasanIya haiM /
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________________ 70 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 jeM sarayahA~ AgamaNe koJcaNaihe tIreNa saMThiyaI, laya-maNDaveM gampi pariTThiyaI / chuDu je chuDu jeM sarayahA~ AgamaNe, sacchAya mahAduma jAya vnneN| Nava-NaliNiheM kamalaI vihasiyaI, NaM kAmiNi-vayaNaI pahasiyaI / tahiM tehaaiM saraaiM suhAvaNaaiM, paribhamai jaNadaNu kANaNae~ / vaNe tAma suandhu vAu aiu, jo pAriyAya-kusumabbhahiu / kaDDhiu bhamaru jiha te vAe~ suTTa suandhe / dhAiu mahumahaNu jiha gau gaNiyAriheM gandhe / - paumacariu, 36.2 - kroMca nadI ke kinAre-kinAre hote hue ve (rAma-sItA aura lakSmaNa) eka latAmaNDapa meM jAkara baiTha gae / zIghra hI zarad Rtu ke Ane para vana meM mahAguma sundara kAntivAle ho gae / nava-naliniyoM ke kamala isa prakAra vikasita the mAno striyoM ke ha~sate hue mukha hoM / usa suhAvanI zarad Rtu meM lakSmaNa vana meM bhramaNa karane lagA / taba sugandhita vAyu AI jo pArijAta puSpoM se utpanna thI / usa sugandhita vAyu se bhramara kI taraha AkarSita hokara, lakSmaNa usI prakA daur3e jisaprakAra hathinI kI gaMdha se hAthI daur3atA hai / - anu., DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 - 71 svayambhUchaMda : eka vizleSaNa * DaoN. gadAdhara siMha 'svayambhUchaMda' prAkRta apabhraMza chaMdazAstrIya paramparA ke utkRSTatama graMthoM meM se eka hai / isakA sampAdana DaoN. eca. DI. velaMkara ne 'oriyaMTala iMsTITyUTa oNpha bar3audA kI prati tathA mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana se prApta prati ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / yaha racanA apUrNa hai kyoMki abhI bhI isake kucha aMza aprApya haiM / isake do bhAga haiM pUrva bhAga aura uttara bhAga / - ""svayambhUchaMda' ke racanAkAra ke sambandha meM matabheda hai / kucha logoM kI mAnyatA hai ki 'paumacariu' ke racayitA svayambhU evaM 'svayambhUchaMda' ke racayitA svayambhU donoM bhinna vyakti haiM kintu DaoN. velaMkara, bhayANI, nAthUrAma premI prabhRti vidvAna donoM ko eka mAnate haiM / inakA tarka yaha hai ki svayambhU ne chaMdoM ke udAharaNa tatkAlIna apabhraMza graMthoM se die haiM aura unake racayitAoM ke nAma bhI likha diye haiM kintu kucha aise uddharaNa bhI haiM jinake racayitA kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai| inameM se adhikAMza uddharaNa 'paumacariu' meM mila jAte haiM / isase niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki cUMki ye sabhI uddharaNa graMthakartA ke nijI haiM ataH unakA nAmollekha karanA usane Avazyaka nahIM samajhA / 'svayambhUchaMda' meM kula 13 adhyAya haiM jinameM ATha adhyAyoM meM prAkRta chaMdoM kA tathA zeSa pA~ca adhyAyoM meM apabhraMza chandoM kA vivecana huA hai / pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM racanAkAra ne likhA hai 'paMca saMsAra hue bahulatthe lakkhalakkhaNa visuddhe / etya saaMbhucchaMde / isakA tAtparya ki racanAkAra kI mAnyatA hai ki isameM pA~ca aMzoM kA sAra prastuta hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 ___'paMca aMza' se svayambhU kA tAtparya paMcamAtrAoM se hai - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 maatraagnn| virahAMka ne paMcamAtrAoM ke takanIkI nAma rakhe haiM / jaise - Ayudha - 5 mAtrA, AbharaNa - S, kadalikA - IS, gaja = 4 mAtrA, tUrya - III, bANa - 5 mAtrA, zabda - | mAtrA ityaadi| Age calakara 'prAkRta paiMgalam' meM bhI virahAMka kA anusaraNa karate hue mAtrAoM ke takanIkI nAma rakhe gae / svayambhU ne ina pA~ca aMzoM yA mAtrAoM ke lie koI takanIkI nAma nahIM rakhA hai varan isake lie usane varNamAlA ke akSaroM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / jaise - dukala - da, tikala = ta, caukala - ca, paMcakala - pa, chakala - cha / hemacandra ne svayambhU kA pUrNataH anusaraNa kiyA hai sirpha 'cha' ke sthAna para unhoMne 'Sa' rakhA hai jo 'SaNmAtrA ko dyotita karatA hai / isa prakAra svayambhU kA dRSTikoNa viSaya ko spaSTa karane meM ekadama sahAyaka hai / kavi darpaNakAra ne viSaya ko ekadama ulajhA diyA hai / unhoMne dvimAtrA, trimAtrA, caturmAtrA, paMcamAtrA aura SaNmAtrA ke lie kramazaH ka, ca, ta, Ta, pa akSara rakhe haiM / SaNmAtrA ke lie 'pa' akSara rakhanA viSaya ko ulajhAnevAlA hI hai / guru-laghu ke sthAna ko dyotita karane ke lie bhI svayambhU ne sIdhA rAstA apanAyA hai| prArambha ke lie ve puvva, muha, Ai Adi vizeSaNa rakhate haiM / madhya ke lie majjhA, jatthara Adi tathA anta ke lie anta, uttara, pAra, nihAna, avasAna Adi / laghu-guru ke lie lakAra-gakAra, urdhva-dIrgha, avakAra-vakAra Adi / isa prakAra ke pratIka vidhAna kA upayoga janAzrayI evaM virahAMka ne bhI kiyA hai| prArambha meM svayambhU ne laghu-guru kI gaNanA kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA hai / zabdAnta meM 'ima' vikalpa se lagha hotA hai| isI prakAra zabdAnta meM 'hi' laghu hotA hai / pada ke a 'e' aura 'o' laghu hotA hai / 'ra ke sAtha jisa vyaMjana kA saMyoga hotA hai vaha vyaMjana laghu ho jAtA hai / jaise - vodrahi / yahA~ 'hi' laghu hai kyoMki isake pUrva 'dra' hai / isameM 'ra' vyaMjana lagA hai / 'ha' vyaMjana ke saMyoga se varNa laghu ho jAtA hai / jaise - ajja vi nnhvnnvisennN| yahA~ 'vi' laghu hai kyoMki 'NhavaNaviseMNa' ke Nha ke pUrva hai / saMskRta meM sAmAnyataH jo varNa guru mAnA jAtA hai vaha prAkRta meM laghu ho sakatA hai isa prakAra prAkRta meM im, hiM, e, o (zabdAnta meM) laghu hote haiM / isI prakAra ha, ra, vyaMjana ke pUrva par3anevAlA varNa laghu hotA hai / kavidarpaNa (1/5-6) meM bhI guru-laghu kA niyama batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki prAkRta meM e, o, hiM, I, (pAdAnta) tathA apabhraMza meM haiM, hiM, hiM, haM, (pAdAnta) meM laghu hote haiM / isI prakAra svara e, o jaba vyaMjana se milate haiM taba zabda ke madhya meM bhI laghu hote haiM / dra, lha, nha ke pUrva AnevAlA varNa bhI laghu hotA hai / graMtha kA prathama adhyAya 'gAthAdividhi hai / DaoN. velaMkara ke anusAra isakA vAstavika nAma 'skandhakajAti' honA cAhie thA kyoMki isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama skandhaka kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai / svayambhU ne skandhaka ko mUla aura gAthA ko usase niSpanna mAnA hai / isake viparIta piMgala, virahA~ka, hemacandra Adi gAthA ko mUla aura skandhaka ko isI se utpanna mAnate haiM / DaoN. velaMkara ke anusAra svayambhU kA mata adhika tarkapUrNa hai / skandhaka samadvipadI chaMda hai aura isake pratyeka caraNa meM ATha caturmAtrAeM = battIsa mAtrAeM hotI haiM / janAzrayI (5/44) ise AryAgIti kahate haiM / gAthA viSama dvipadI chaMda hai / isake prathama bhAga meM 30 mAtrAeM (12+18) hotI haiM aura dvitIya bhAga meM 27 (12+15) mAtrAeM / DaoN. velaMkara gAthA ko viSama dvipadI hI mAnate haiM jabaki saMskRta ke AcArya ise catuSpadI kahate haiM / yoM vedoM meM bhI gAthA kA astitva hai kintu vaidika gAthAeM varNika haiM, mAtrika nahIM / vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki gAthA kA mAtrika rUpa draviNa jAti kI dena hai / DaoN. velaMkara ne gAthA kA vikAsa anuSTupa se mAnA hai / DaoN. bholAzaMkara
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 73 vyAsa isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiM / inakA kahanA hai ki gAthA viSama dvipadI hai jabaki anuSTupa catuSpAda chaMda hai / DaoN. vyAsa skandhaka ko gAthA kA hI eka bheda mAnate haiM / DaoN. velakara kA anumAna hai ki viSama caraNavAle chaMdoM kA vikAsa nizcitarUpa se samacaraNavAle chaMdoM ke bAda hI huA hogA / skandhaka samadvipadI hai aura gAthA viSamadvipadI / skandhaka ke pratyeka caraNa meM ATha caturmAtrAeM hotI haiM / isI se gIti chaMda nikalA hai jisake pratyeka caraNa meM 71/,x4-30 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / yahI gIti upagIti hotI hai jaba pratyeka caraNa meM 27 mAtrAeM (5 cartumAtrA + laghu + 11/, caturmAtrA ) hotI haiM / isa prakAra svayambhU ne do prakAra kI chAndika ikAI rakhI hai - eka 30 mAtrA kI aura dUsarI 27 mAtrA kI / inhIM se do chaMda-gAthA aura udagIti bane haiN| gAthA kI prathama ardhAlI meM 30 mAtrA aura dvitIya meM 27 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / udgIti isakA ThIka viloma hai / isakI prathama ardhAlI meM 27 tathA dvitIya ardhAlI meM 30 mAtrAeM hotI haiM / prArambha meM gAthA meM do hI caraNa the| bAda meM ise catuSpAda banA diyA gayA / isakI donoM ardhAliyoM meM 12 mAtrAoM (tIna caturmAtrA) ke bAda yati hotI hai / yati ke pUrva kA aMza hI caraNa bana gayA hai / __prAkRta-gAthA aura isakA saMskRta rUpa AryA kA prayoga vivaraNAtmaka kavitA ke lie hone lagA / isa artha meM isakI samAnatA saMskRta ke anuSTupa chaMda se kI jA sakatI hai / pathyA (sa.ca. 4x3, 5, 15-20 mAtrA) kA ullekha virahAMka (vRtta jAti samuccaya 3/ 24) ne kiyA hai / isake dvArA varNita zAlabhajikA chaMda (vRtta jAti samuccaya 4/79) bhI pathyA kI taraha hI hai jisake pratyeka caraNa meM 20 mAtrAeM hotI haiM / hemacandra (4/54) ne jisa zAlabhajikA chada kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha virahAMka se bhinna hai / hemacandra ke zAlabhajikA chaMda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 24 mAtrAeM hotI haiM / 'svayambhUchaMda' ke dvitIya adhyAya meM galitaka aura usase niSpanna chaMdoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'galitaka' eka chaMda-vizeSa bhI hai aura eka varga-vizeSa bhI / chanda-vizeSa ke rUpa meM yaha 21 mAtrA (5x2, 4x2, 3) kA samacatuSpadI chaMda hai / varga-vizeSa ke rUpa meM, svayambhU ke anusAra skandhaka-varga ke chandoM ke atirikta ve sabhI chaMda galitaka haiM jinameM tuka kI yojanA hotI hai| hemacandra (4/25) ne galitaka-prakaraNa ke antargata 24 prakAra ke galitakoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai jinameM kucha dvipadI, kucha sama catuSpadI aura kucha sama tathA kucha ardhasama chaMda haiM / isase jJAta hotA hai ki maMgalA, dhavalA, rAsaka, vastuka Adi kI bhA~ti yaha zabda bhI sAmAnya artha meM hI prayukta hotA rahA hai / svayambhU ne galitaka ke antargata mAtra mAlA-galitaka, mugdha galitaka aura ugra galitaka kA hI vivecana kiyA hai / hemacandra dvArA ullekhita galitaka ke vibhinna prakAroM kA vivecana svayambhU meM nahIM hai| tRtIya adhyAya 'khaMjaka jAti' zIrSaka hai / isa adhyAya kA adhikoza upalabdha nahIM hai| isameM khaMjaka aura isase niSpanna chaMdoM kA vivecana hai / 'khaMjaka' chaMda kA sarvaprathama vivecana virahAMka ke 'vRtti jAti samuccaya' (4/18) meM upalabdha hotA hai / virahAMka ke anusAra yaha ardhasama catuSpadI hai jisake viSama caraNoM meM 9 tathA samacaraNoM meM 11 mAtrAeM (4,515, 4, 2, 515 ) hotI hai / kavidarpaNa (2.23), svayambhU (3.2) tathA hemacandra (4.50) ke anusAra yaha sama catuSpadI hai jisakI mAtrAgaNa vyavasthA hai - 3, 3, 4x3, 3, 5 - 23 mAtrA hemacandra ke anusAra
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________________ 74 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 khaMjaka koI khAsa chaMda na hokara galitaka prakaraNa ke una sabhI chaMdoM kI saMjJA hai jahA~ pAdAnta meM yamaka ke sthAna para kevala anuprAsa (tuka) pAyA jAtA hai - pUrva kANyeva galitakAni yamakarahitAni sAnuprAsAni yadi bhavanti tadA khaJjaka saMjJAni himaH chado'nuzAsana 4.49) / 'prAkRta paigalam kA khaMjA chaMda hemacandra se bhinna hai / isake pratyeka caraNa meM 41 mAtrAeM (7 sarvalaghu catuSkala + ragaNa) hotI haiN| svayambhU tathA hemacandra ne cAlIsa yA isase adhika mAtrAvAlI dvipadiyoM ko mAlAdhara kI sAmAnya saMjJA dI hai / svayambhU ne isa varga ke antargata khaNDa, kAmalekhA, mAgadhanakuTI, samanakuMTaka, taraMgaka, citralekhA, mallikA, dIpikA, lakSmI Adi chaMdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / svayambhU ne madanAvatAra aura isake bhedoM ko khaMjaka, prakaraNa ke antargata vivecita nahIM kiyA hai / svayambhU 'madanAvatAra' ko apabhraMza chaMda ke antargata sthAna dete haiM jabaki hemacandra aura kavidarpaNakAra ne ise prAkRta chaMdoM ke antargata rakhA hai| caturtha adhyAya 'zIrSaka jAti hai / zIrSaka eka chaMda vizeSa bhI hai aura jAti-vizeSa bhii| svayambhU ne zIrSaka ke antargata dvipadI khaNDa, dvibhagikA tathA viSama zIrSaka kA hI vivecana kiyA hai / sambhavataH mUla prati ke panne gAyaba ho jAne ke kAraNa aisA huA hai / hemacandra ne zeSa aMzoM kA pUrNa vivecana kiyA hai aura ise mAnane kA pUrNa AdhAra hai ki hemacandra ne svayambhU kA pUrNataH anusaraNa kiyA hai / pUrva bhAga kA paMcama adhyAya 'mAgadha jAti' kahA gayA hai / isake antargata - pAdAkulaka, mAtrAsamaka, vAnavAsikA, vizloka, citrA aura upacitrA kA vivecana huA hai / saMskRta chaMdazAstriyoM ne mAtrAvRtta ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - dvipadI, catuSpadI aura ardhasama catuSpadI / dvipadI meM gAthA (saMskRta AyA) ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / catuSpadI ko mAtrAsamaka aura ardhasama catuSpadI ko vaitAlIya kahA jAtA hai / svayambhU mAgadhikA ko pradhAna aura vaitAlIya ko usase niHsRta mAnate haiM / isake viparIta hemacandra ne mAgadhI (3.62) ko vaitAlIya varga (3.53) ke antargata hI rakhA hai / aisA anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki mAtrAsamaka aura vaitAlIya chaMda pazu-pAlakoM ke bIca gAye jAte rahe hoMge aura kAlAntara meM chandazAstriyoM ne unheM zAstrIya rUpa pradAna kiyA hogA / SaSTha adhyAya 'ulkAdividhi hai / isameM ulkA aura anya chaMdoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ye sabhI chaMda varNavRtta haiM kintu inheM paribhASita karane ke lie akSaragaNoM (yagaNa, ragaNa Adi) ke sthAna para viziSTa nirdezita mAtrA gaNoM (cha, pa, ca, ta, da) kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yadi kisI sthAna para guru rakhe jAne kA vidhAna hai to aisA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki usake badale do laghu rakha die jAeM / isI prakAra yadi viziSTa dvimAtrA, trimAtrA, caturmAtrA yA paMcamAtrA rakhane kA nirdeza hai to usI vizeSa prakAra kI mAtrA kA vidhAna karanA hogA na ki koI sAmAnya maatraa| akSaragaNoM ke sambandha meM svayambha ne eka vizeSatA yaha pradarzita kI hai ki eka akSara se ghaTAdene se isakA dUsarA chaMda nirmita ho jAtA hai / yati ke sambandha meM svayambhU kI mAnyatAe~ anya AcAryoM se bhinna haiM / jAnAzrayI pAda ke madhya meM yati mAnate haiM / mandAkrAntA sesa zo nI nu. (4.86) sUtra ke dvArA inhoMne batAyA hai ki mandAkrAntA meM cauthe tathA chaThe akSara para yati hotI hai / kavi darpaNakAra ke anusAra padamadhya yati ho sakatI hai kintu pada prArambha hone para tIna akSara kI samApti ke pUrva yati nahIM ho sakatI hai / yati ke ye samasta niyama saMskRta ke varNavRttoM para hI lAgU haiM aura kavi darpaNakAra ne isa sambandha meM pUrNataH piMgala aura jayadeva kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 75 svayambhU ke anusAra yati ke mahattva ko sabhI vidvAnoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / piMgala aura jayadeva yati ko mAnate haiM kintu mANDavya, bharata, kAzyapa, saitava Adi pada ke madhya meM yati kI sthiti ko anivArya nahIM mAnate / svayambhU varNavRttoM meM pAda ke madhya meM yati kI sthiti kA ullekha nahIM karate / inhoMne dvipadI aura rAsaka ko chor3akara, jo mUlataH mAtrA aura tAlavRtta haiM, prAkRta-apabhraMza chaMdoM meM yati ko sAmAnya rUpa se sthAna nahIM diyA hai / rAsaka chaMda (8.25) meM bhI jo 21 mAtrA kA chaMda hai, 14veM sthAna kI lambI dUrI para yati hotI hai / prAkRta-apabhraMza ke isa niyama ko svayambhU ne saMskRta ke varNavRttoM taka vyApaka kara diyA uttara bhAga - 'svayambhUchaMda' ke uttara bhAga kA prArambha 'ulkAdividhi' se huA hai / vastutaH yaha pUrva bhAga kI 'ulkAdividhi' kA hI zeSa aMza haiM / uttara bhAga ke tRtIya adhyAya kA zIrSaka 'prAkRtasAra' hai / 'prAkRtasAra' se svayambhU kA tAtparya hai ki abhI taka vivecita sabhI chaMda cAhe ve mAtrAvRtta hoM yA varNavRtta, prAkRta ke hI chaMda haiM / inhoMne varNavRttoM ko bhI mAtrAgaNa ke AdhAra para vivecita kiyA hai / 'utsAhAdIni' zIrSaka ke antargata apabhraMza chaMdoM kA vivecana hai / graMtha ke zeSa pA~ca adhyAyoM meM svayambhU ne apabhraMza chaMdoM kA hI varNana kiyA hai / prArambha meM racanAkAra ne apabhraMza chaMdoM kI mAtrA-gaNanA kA niyama batAyA hai / binduyukta i, hi, u, hu, ha yadi zabdAnta meM raheM to chanda kI AvazyakatAnusAra laghu hote haiM / padAnta meM 'e' aura 'o bhI laghu ho jAte haiM / isI prakAra vyaMjana se mizrita hone para zabda ke prArambha, madhya aura anta meM e aura o laghu hote haiM / svayambhU ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki aise akSara jinheM sAmAnyarUpa meM guru mAnA hai, chanda kI AvazyakatAnusAra laghu ho jAte haiN| kisI caraNa ke anta ke laghu akSara ko bhI guru mAnakara gaNanA karanI cAhie yadi chaMda kI Avazyaka mAtrA meM kamI hotI jAna par3e / isI prakAra chaMda kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra caraNa kI antima mAtrA yadi guru ho to use laghu samajha liyA jAnA apekSita hai / isa niyama ke sambandha meM hemacandra ne svayambhU kA pUrNataH anusaraNa kiyA hai / isI 'utsAhadIni' adhyAya meM svayambhU ne dohA, mAtrA, raDDA, vadanaka, upavadanaka, maDillA, aDillA, dhavalA, maMgalA Adi chaMdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / ye sabhI apabhraMza ke mahattvapUrNa chaMda haiM / inameM mAtrA, dohA aura raDDA prAcInatama hai / mAtrA chaMda svayambhU ke anusAra paMcapadI hai / isake samacaraNoM meM tIna caturmAtrAoM ke krama se kula 12 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA viSamacaraNoM meM kramazaH paMcamAtrA, paMcamAtrA tathA caturmAtrA tathA dvimAtrA ke krama se 16 mAtrAe~ / tRtIya tathA paMcama caraNoM kI caturmAtrA Adi guru, antaguru yA sarvaguru nahIM ho sakatI / AcArya hemacandra (5/17) ne svayambhU kA pUrNataH anusaraNa kiyA hai / kavi darpaNakAra kA mata ina donoM se bhinna hai / inake anusAra isa chaMda kI mAtrA-vyavasthA hai - 15, 11, 15, 11, 15 / isa vaibhinya kA kAraNa saMbhavataH yaha hai ki svayambhU ne antya varNa ko guru mAna liyA hai / dohA apabhraMza kA apanA chaMda hai, isalie saMskRta ke prAcIna chaMda-graMthoM meM dohe kA lakSaNa-udAharaNa nahIM milatA / DaoN. velaMkara ne dvipacakra ko hI dohA kahA hai jo Age calakara itanA lokapriya huA / svayambhU ne duvahaa (dvipacakra) kA do jagaha (4.5, 6.90) ullekha kiyA hai aura donoM hI sthAnoM para eka hI lakSaNa hai - viSama caraNoM meM 14-14 tathA samacaraNoM meM
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 12-12 / isakA jo udAharaNa svayambhU ne diyA hai usameM yadi pAdAnta varNa ko guru na mAnA jAya to 13-11 kA hI vidhAna raha jAtA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne dohaka (6.20.42) kA lakSaNa 14-12 kA hI diyA hai same dvAdaza oje caturdaza dohakaH / nanditADhya racita 'gAthAlakSaNa' ke samaya taka Akara 'dUhA' zabda (82) pracalana meM A gayA thA kintu isameM bhI dUhA kA lakSaNa 14-12 kA hI hai, yadyapi udAharaNa 13-11 kA hai / Age calakara kavi darpaNakAra ne 13-11 mAtrAvAle 'dohao' (2.15) ko hI svIkAra kiyA aura sama caraNoM ke anta meM guru laghu kA vidhAna kiyA / inake mata kA samarthana Age calakara 'chandakoza' ( 521 ) evaM 'prAkRta paiMgalam' (1.78) meM huA / AcArya hemacandra (6 20.36), rAjazekhara (chaMdakoza 116) tathA svayambhU (6.77) ne 'kusumAkulamadhukara' nAmaka chaMda kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA lakSaNa 'prAkRta paiMgalam' ke dohe se milatA hai / 'kusumAkulamadhukara' chaMda ke viSama- sama caraNoM meM kramazaH 13-11 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / 76 - 'raDDA' eka dvibhaMgI chaMda hai jo mAtrA aura dohA ke mela se banatA hai / isameM 9 caraNa hote haiM pA~ca mAtrA ke aura cAra dohA ke / hemacandra ke anusAra isake tRtIya aura paMcama caraNa meM anuprAsa rahatA hai| vivaraNAtmaka kavitA ke pahale yaha apabhraMza-kAvyoM kA bar3A lokapriya chaMda rahA hai / sambhavataH yaha mAtrA aura dohA se bhI purAnA chaMda hai| chaMdakoza (5.34), chaMdo'nuzAsana (5.23), kavidarpaNa (2.35), svayambhUchaMda (4.11), vRtta jAti samuccaya (4.31 ), prAkRta paiMgalam (1.133) Adi sabhI chaMda graMthoM meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / prAkRta paiMgalam (1.136) meM isake sAta bheda batAe gaye haiN| karabhI, naMdA, mohinI, cArusenA, bhadrA, rAjasenA tathA taattNkinii| svayambhU meM ina bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA / - - svayambhU ne kucha aise zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai jo avasara vizeSa para kisI bhI chaMda ke lie vyavahRta ho sakate haiM, jaise dhavala, maMgala Adi / jaba kAvya meM nAyaka kA citraNa eka vRSabha kI taraha hotA hai usa chaMda ko dhavala kahate haiM dhavalaNiNa a puriso vaNijjai te sA dhavalA (4.16 ) / hemacandra dvArA prastuta chaha udAharaNoM meM mAtra eka udAharaNa meM hI yaha paribhASA caritArtha kI hai, zeSa meM nahIM / isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyAvahArika rUpa meM isa paribhASA ko bahuta adhika mahattva nahIM diyA gayA / vastutaH 'dhavala' sAmAnya zabda hai jo kisI bhI chaMda ke sAtha lagA diyA jAtA hai| jaise utsAha dhavala helA dhavala vadana dhavala, aDilA dhavala Adi / -- - dhavala ke tIna rUpa hote haiM aSTapada, SaTpada aura catuSpada / svayambhU kA aSTapada dhavala (4.17) hemacanda ke yazodhavala kI taraha hai yadyapi chaThe tathA AThaveM caraNoM ke sambandha meM donoM meM antara hai / isI prakAra SaTpada dhavala kA lakSaNa hemacandra se mela nahIM khAtA, vizeSataH cauthe tathA chaThe caraNa ke sambandha meM / AcArya hemacandra ( 5.35) ke anusAra SaTpada dhavala ke prathama- caturtha caraNoM meM do SaNmAtrA tathA eka dvimAtrA hotI hai na ki svayambhU kI taraha tIna SaNmAtrA / isI prakAra dvitIya - paMcama caraNoM meM do caturmAtrAeM hotI haiM na ki do SaNmAtrA / svayambhU kA catuSpada dhavala AcArya hemacandra kA bhramara dhavala (5.37) hai / svayambhU ne guNa dhavala kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai jabaki hemacandra ( 5.36) meM isakA ullekha hai / 'caMdazekhara' ke anusAra 'maMgala chaMda' kA prayoga vivAhAdi maMgala kAryoM ke lie hotA hai| yadi maMgala kAryoM ke lie utsAha, helA, vadanA, DilA Adi chaMdoM kA gAna hotA hai to use bhI utsAha maMgala, helA maMgala, dhavala maMgala, DilA maMgala Adi kahA jAtA hai / svayambhU ne kahA ki yadi ye nizcita uddezya ko lekara prayukta hote haiM to ye sAmAnya nAma bana jAte haiM / vivAha
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 77 ke atirikta anya maMgala kAryoM ke lie bhI isakA prayoga ho sakatA hai / svayambhu ne: ke bhI lakSaNa die haiM jinake sAtha 'maMgala' zabda juTA hai, jaise utsAha maMgala, helA maMgala, vadanaka maMgala Adi / inhoMne 'maMgala' chaMda kI jo paribhASA dI hai vaha hemacandra se sarvathA bhinna hai / svayambhU kI paribhASA ke anusAra maMgala chaMda ke prathama-dvitIya caraNoM meM kramazaH SaNmAtrA, do caturmAtrA - 14 mAtrA tathA tRtIya-caturtha caraNoM meM pA~ca caturmAtrA athavA cAra paMcamAtrA = 20 mAtrA hotI hai / hemacandra (5.39) tathA ratnazekhara (5.26) ke anusAra isake prathama-dvitIya caraNa meM 20 yA 21 mAtrA tathA tRtIya-caturtha caraNa meM 22 yA 23 mAtrA hotI hai / DaoN. velaMkara ise ardhasama catuSpadI mAnate haiM / SaTpadajAti' zIrSaka adhyAya ke prArambha meM svayambhU ne dhuvaka para vicAra kiyA hai / apabhraMza kAvyoM meM dhruvaka kA prayoga usa anuccheda ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, jo kaDavaka yA sandhi ke prArambha meM prayukta hotA hai / isakA uddezya do kaDavakoM ko jor3anA hotA hai / AcArya hemacandra (6.1-2) ne 'dhuvaka' nAma kI sArthakatA yaha kahate hue pratipAdita kI hai ki yaha saMdhi ke prArambha meM aura kaDavaka ke anta meM nizcitarUpa se rahatA hai / svayambhU isake tIna prakAra batAte haiM - SaTpadI, catuSpadI aura dvipadI / AcArya hemacandra ne isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai aura una laghu catuSpadiyoM taka isakI sImA kA vistAra kara diyA hai jinake pratyeka caraNa meM 7 se lekara 9 mAtrAeM taka hotI haiM - pacau dhruvakam arthAt jisake pratyeka caraNa meM eka paMca-mAtrA aura eka caturmAtrA ke . krama se kula 9 mAtrAeM hotI haiM, vaha dhruvaka hai / svayambhU (8.3) ne bhI dhruvaka catuSpadI kA lakSaNa batAte hue yahI bAta kahI hai| beNNivi cagaNAI / dhruvae sa alAiM // (8.3) / isI adhyAya meM racanAkAra ne SaTpadI ke tIna bheda batAe haiM - SaTpadajAti, upajAti aura avajAti / inameM pratyeka ke ATha bheda hote haiM / SaTpadajAti ke prathama, dvitIya, caturtha aura paMcama caraNoM meM 7 mAtrAe~ aura tRtIya tathA SaSTha caraNoM meM 10 se lekara 17 taka kI mAtrAeM hotI haiM / isa prakAra isake ATha bheda hote haiN| upajAti ke prathama, dvitIya, caturtha aura paMcama caraNoM meM 8 mAtrAeM tathA tRtIya-SaSTha caraNoM meM 10 se 17 taka kI mAtrAeM hotI haiM / isa prakAra isake bhI ATha prakAra hote haiM / upajAti ke prathama, dvitIya, caturtha tathA paMcama caraNoM meM 8 mAtrAeM tathA tRtIya-SaSTha caraNoM meM 10 se 17 taka kI mAtrAeM hotI haiM / isa prakAra isake bhI ATha prakAra hote haiM / SaTpadajAti ke caturtha prakAra kA udAharaNa svayambha ne apane paumacariu (3.3.11) se prastuta kiyA hai jaisA ki DaoN. bhAyANI ne graMtha kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai / 'catuSpadI dvipadyaH' adhyAya meM antarasama catuSpadI aura ardhasama catuSpadI ko varNita kiyA gayA hai / ina donoM meM antara yaha hai ki antarasama meM prathama-tRtIya caraNa tathA dvitIya-caturtha caraNa samAna hote haiM kinta ardhasama cataSpadI meM prathama-dvitIya eka samAna tathA tatIya-catartha samAna hote haiM / apabhraMza ke prArambha meM yaha bheda mAnA jAtA hogA kintu Age calakara yaha bheda miTa gayA aura donoM prakAroM ko ardhasama catuSpadI hI kahane lage / svayambha ne isa graMtha meM 110 prakAra ke antarasama catuSpadiyoM kA lakSaNa-udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / jahA~ taka chandoM ke udAharaNa kA sambandha hai / kucha udAharaNa inhoMne apane graMtha 'paumacariu' se die haiM aura kucha apabhraMza graMthoM se / Age calakara svaracita udAharaNa dene kI paramparA kA sUtrapAta huA / isa paramparA kA joradAra rUpa paDitarAja jagannAtha meM aura hindI ke lakSaNa graMthoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai /
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________________ 78 . apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 svayambhU ne ATha prakAra ke ardhasama saMkIrNa catuSpadI chaMdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / saMkIrNa catuSpadI meM prathama-dvitIya tathA tRtIya-caturtha caraNa samAna tathA barAbara mAtrA ke hote haiM / isake pratyeka caraNa meM 7 se lekara 17 taka kI mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / hemacandra (6.21) ne bhI saMkIrNa catuSpadI chaMdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / zeSa dvipadyAH' zIrSaka adhyAya meM svayambhU ne nirdezita kiyA hai ki jisake pratyeka caraNa meM 27 se lekara 41 taka kI mAtrA ho use 'dhRvaka' ke rUpa meM vyavahRta kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA maMgala, anunaya, bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA evaM kathana ke sArAMza ke rUpa meM bhI inakA prayoga sambhava hai| 'utyakAdayaH' adhyAya meM utthaka, madanAvatAra, dhruvaka, sAta prakAra kI chaDDaNikA, tIna prakAra kA ghattA, pajjhaTikA aura rAsa kA varNana hai / utthaka kA vivecana svayambhU ke atirikta kisI bhI anya chandazAstrI ne nahIM kiyA hai / madanAvatAra kA varNana hemacandra ne khaMjaka prakaraNa ke antargata kiyA hai kintu svayambhU ne isakA svataMtra vivecana kiyA hai / madanAvatAra ko nanditAdaya (76) ne candrAnana nAma diyA hai / 'dhuvaka catuSpadI chaMda hai aura isake pratyeka caraNa meM 9 mAtrAeM hotI haiM / svayambhU ne sAta prakAra kI chaDDaNikA kA ullekha kiyA hai jinameM pA~ca ardhasama catuSpadI haiM, eka viSama catuSpadI aura eka SaTpadI hai / isI prakAra tIna prakAra ke ghattA meM eka ardhasama catuSpadI aura sarvasama catuSpadI hai / svayambhU ke anusAra saMdhi ke prArambha meM ghattA, dvipadI, gAthA, aDillA, mAtrA yA pajjhaTikA honI cAhie aura kaDavaka ke anta meM chaDDuNikA kA prayoga honA cAhie (svayaMbhUchaMda, uttara bhAga-8.20) / svayambhU ne likhA hai ki ghattA, chaDDaNikA aura vidArikA ke aneka prakAra hote haiM / vastutaH apabhraMza prabandha kAvyoM meM kaDavaka ke anta meM bhI ghattA dene kA vidhAna hai| bhavisayattakahA (saMdhi 12, 13, 14) meM isake udAharaNa dekhe jA sakate haiM / svayambhU ne tIna prakAra ke ghattA chaMda kA ullekha kiyA hai - do sarvasama catuSpadI aura eka ardhasama catuSpadI / eka sarvasama catuSpadI ghattA ke pratyeka caraNa meM 12 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / dUsare prakAra kA sarvasama catuSpadI ghattA chaMda vaha hai jisake pratyeka caraNa meM cAra caturmAtrA (prAyaH bhagana SI) ke krama se 16 mAtrAeM hotI haiM / tIsare prakAra kA ardhasama catuSpadI ghattA chaMda vaha hai jisake viSama caraNoM me 9 aura sama caraNoM meM 14 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| 'chadakoza' ke racayitA rAjazekhara (chaMdakoza, 43) ne eka anya ardhasama catuSpadI ghattA kA rUpa batAte hue likhA hai ki isake viSama caraNoM meM 18-18 tathA sama caraNoM meM 13-13 mAtrAeM hotI haiN| __ paddhaDikA, pajjhaTikA yA paddhaDiyA apabhraMza kAvyoM kA priya chaMda rahA hai / bauddha siddhoM ke caryApadoM se lekara madhya-yugIna hindI kavitA taka isakA prayoga hotA rahA hai / yaha solaha mAtrAoM kA sama catuSpadI chaMda hai / prAkRta paiMgalama (1.125) ke anusAra antima catuSkala kA jagaNa honA anivArya hai / svayambhU ne jagaNAntavidhAna ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai / svayambhU ke anusAra - vihiM paahiM jamau te Nimma ati / kaDavaa aTThahiM jamaahiM raanti // (uttara bhAga, 8/15) arthAt do padoM kA eka yamaka hotA hai aura ATha yamakoM kA eka kaDavaka / isa hisAba se 16 paktiyoM kA eka kaDavaka honA cAhie kintu vyavahAra meM aisA nahIM hotA / hemacandra isa saMbaMdha meM adhika vyavahAravAdI haiM / unake anusAra cAra paddhaDiyA yAnI ATha paktiyoM kA eka kaDavaka
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 79 hotA hai aura hara eka kaDavaka ke anta meM ghattA / isI bAta ko nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai - "apabhraMza kAvyoM meM sarga kI jagaha prAyaH sandhi kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka sandhi meM prAyaH aneka kaDavaka hote haiM / aura eka kaDavaka ATha yamakoM kA tathA eka yamaka do padoM kA hotA hai / eka pada meM yadi vaha paddhaDiyA-baMdha ho to 16 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / hemacandra ke anusAra cAra paddhaDiyA yAnI ATha paktiyoM kA kaDavaka hotA hai / hara eka kaDavaka ke anta meM eka ghattA yA dhruvaka hotA hai / __ AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA abhimata hai - "jisa prakAra Ajakala hama loga caupAI likhane meM tulasIdAsa kI zreSThatA batalAyA karate haiM, usI prakAra svayambhU ne caummuha yA caturmukha ko paddhaDiyA kA rAjA batAyA thA / " "apabhraMza kAvyoM meM paddhaDiyA-bandha atyanta pracalita yA / yaha caupAI ke samIpa kA chaMda hai| kabhI-kabhI to paddhaDiyA se caupAI kA artha le liyA jAtA hai / "2 isI prasaMga meM racanAkAra ne saMdhi-baMdha aura rAsA-baMdha kA ullekha kiyA hai / sAmAnyataH prabandha kAvya saMdhi-baMdha hote haiM / jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai apabhraMza ke prabandha kAvyoM meM sarga kI jagaha sadhi kA hI vyavahAra hotA hai / eka saMdhi meM aneka kaDavaka hote haiM / svayaM svayambhU racita 'paumacariu' 90 sadhiyoM meM aura 'riTuNemicariu' 112 sandhiyoM meM racita hai / puSpadaMta kA mahApurANa bhI sandhi-bandha mahAkAvya hai / svayambhU ne rAsaka aura rAsAbandha donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / rAsaka chaMda vizeSa bhI hai aura kAvyarUpa bhI / rAsA chaMda 21 mAtrAoM kA samacatuSpadI chaMda hai / isameM 14 mAtrA para yati hotI hai aura atima tIna mAtrAe~ laghu hotI haiM / rAsA-bandha kAvya eka prakAra kA gIti-kAvya (Lyric-Poetry) thA / harivaMza purANa (viSNu parva, 35) evaM viSNa-purANa (paMcama aMza, 49-50) meM gopAloM ke nRtya ke rUpa meM 'rAsa' kA ullekha milatA hai / bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita meM ullekha milatA hai ki rAsa meM nRtya kA bhI Ayojana hotA thA / bANabhaTTa ne rAsaka maNDala kI upamA Avarta se dI hai - sAvarta iva rAsaka maNDalaiH 14 nRtya ke atirikta geya tatva kA samAveza bhI isameM thA / 'harSacarita' meM 'azlIla rAsaka padAni kA ullekha AtA hai / DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne isakA artha striyoM dvArA gAye jAnevAle gItoM se lagAyA hai / ataH rAsaka meM usakA geyarUpa utanA hI mahattvapUrNa thA, jitanA nRtyarUpa / kAlAntara meM 11vIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate rAsaka meM nRtya tatva kA abhAva hone lagA aura geya tatva pramukha ho gyaa| 12vIM sadI ke jaina AcArya hemacandra ne (kAvyAnuzAsana, 8.4) rAsaka kI gaNanA geya uparUpakoM meM kI hai / unhoMne geya uparUpakoM meM DombikA, bharaNa, prasthAna, mANikA, preraka, rAmA krIr3a, hallIsaka, rAsaka, goSThI Adi ke nAma ginAe haiM / geya DombikA bharaNa prasthAna ziMgakabhANikA preraNa rAmA krIr3a / hallIsaka rAsaka goSThI zrIgadita rAga kAvyAdi / - kAvyAnuzAsana, 8.4 hemacandra ke anusAra rAsaka eka uddhata pradhAna geya uparUpaka hai jisameM thor3A bahuta masRNa kA bhI praveza ho jAyA karatA hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kI mAnyatA hai ki rAsaka meM ba nartakiyA~ vicitra tAla-laya ke sAtha yoga detI thIM / sAhitya-darpaNa (SaSTha pariccheda) meM nATya rAsaka
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 aura rAsaka nAmaka do uparUpakoM ke lakSaNa milate haiN| DaoN. kItha ne nATya rAsaka ko 'samUha nRtya' aura 'tAla nRtya' kahA hai / vRttajAti samuccaya (4.29-38) meM apabhraMza chaMdoM ke vivecana ke krama meM 'rAsaka' kI vyAkhyA karate hue virahAka ne likhA hai ki aneka aDiloM, duhavaoM, raDDAoM aura DhosAoM se racita hotA hai use rAsaka kahate haiM aDilAhiM duvahaehiM va mattAraDAhiM taha a DhosAhiM / bahuehiM jo raijjaI so bhaNNai rAsao NAma // (4.38) 80 svayambhU ke anusAra ghattA chaNiAhiM paddhaDiA suaNNaruehiM / sAbandho kavve jaNamaNaahirAmao hoi // ( uttara 8.24 ) arthAt ghattA, chaDaNikA, paddhaDikA tathA anya manohara akSaravAle chandoM se yukta hokara rAsAbandha jana-mana ko Anandita karatA hai / virahAMka evaM svayambhU ke rAsAbandha kAvyoM meM prayukta honevAle chandoM ke nAmoM meM pArthakya dikhAI par3atA hai kintu ye vibhinnatAe~ atyadhika mahattva nahIM rakhatIM / ina donoM kA abhiprAya mAtra itanA hI hai ki rAsAbandha meM ve chaMda to prayukta hote hI haiM jinakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, inake atirikta bhI anyAnya chaMda vyavahuta hote haiM yA ho sakate haiN| DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI kA mata ki rAsAbandha meM vividha prakAra ke chanda prayukta hote haiM kintu rAsA chaMda kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / " isa saMbaMdha meM sandeza rAsaka ke sampAdaka DaoN. vizvanAtha tripAThI kA mata hai ki rAsAbandha prArambha meM nRtyapradhAna thA kintu usameM kramazaH geya tatvoM kA prAdhAnya hone lagA / ataH "jJAta hotA hai ki rAsa meM gAna kA tatva nirantara bar3hate rahane se usa viziSTa gAna ko hI loga 'rAmA' kahane lage aura usa gAna kA chaMda 'rAsA chaMda' ho gayA / "" - bArahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAsa graMthoM kI racanA vRhat pariNAma meM huI / inake kathAnaka bhI vividha hue jaise - paurANika, AdhyAtmika, naitika, laukika, prema saMbaMdhI ityAdi / ye sabhI rAso yA rAsa nAma se abhihita hue / isI se DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA kathana hai| "dhIre-dhIre ina zabdoM kA prayoga kucha ghise arthoM meM hone lagA / jisa prakAra 'vilAsa' nAma dekara carita-kAvya likhe gaye, 'rUpaka' nAma dekara carita-kAvya likhe gaye, 'prakAza' nAma dekara caritakAvya likhe gaye, usI prakAra 'rAso' yA 'rAsaka' nAma dekara bhI carita kAvya likhe gaye / 10 svayambhU ne saptatAla, paMcatAla, tritAla, samatAla Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai ( 8.21-22) aura kahA hai ki ye sabhI tAla, saMgIta, vAdya aura abhinaya se saMpRkta hokara kAvya meM prayukta hote haiM / saMgI avajjaahiNa asaMhuta tAlameabhiha suNasu / sattatAla huve kavve // paMcatAla ca hoi kavvammi | a titAla ta muNijjAsu // sattacchaMdorUa paMcacchaMdorU tehiM rUehiM a uttara bhAga 78.21-22
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 81 unhoMne yadyapi inakA pUrNa vivecana nahIM prastuta kiyA hai kintu itanA avazya saMketita kiyA hai ki inameM saMgIta, vAdya aura abhinaya kA prayoga hotA hai / vastutaH ye tAlavRtta haiM jo loka-gItoM se gRhIta haiM / prAkRta-apabhraMza chaMda-paramparA para lokagItoM kA prabhAva avazya par3A hogA aura kAlAntara meM ina loka-chaMdoM ko zAstrIya mAnyatA milI hogI / zAstrIya saMgIta meM svaroM ke Aroha-avaroha kA mahattva hotA hai kintu lokagItoM meM svara kI apekSA tAla kA mahattva adhika hotA hai / tAla meM balAghAta adhika mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / tAlagaNa meM sabhI vargoM kA uccAraNa ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM / kAlamAtrA kI pUrti ke lie vargoM kA svecchApUrvaka uccAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / likhitarUpa meM jo varNa ekamAtrika haiM, tAlavRta meM unakA uccAraNa dimAtrika, trimAtrika, pluta kucha bhI ho sakatA hai / zikSita varga svara-saMgIta ko pradhAnatA detA hai aura janasAmAnya tAlavRtta ko / ___ isa prakAra svayambhU ne apabhraMza chaMdoM kA saMkSipta kintu prAmANika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / vRttajAti samuccaya, kavidarpaNa, gAthA lakSaNa, chandakoza, chaMda zekhara, jAnAzrayI Adi graMthoM meM bhI chadoM kA vivecana huA hai kintu kisI bhI graMtha meM viSaya kA sAMgopAMga vivecana nahIM hai / avazya AcArya hemacandrakRta 'chando'nuzAsana' chaMdazAstra kA prAmANika evaM vistRta vivecana karanevAlA graMya hai kintu yaha svayambhU kA paravartI hai / ekamAtra 'svayambhUchaMda' hI aisA graMtha hai jo apanI saMkSiptatA ke bAvajUda viSaya ke sAtha pUrNa nyAya karatA hai / maulikatA pradarzana ke vyAmoha meM par3akara viSaya ko kliSTa banAne kI kRtrima ceSTA bhI isameM nahIM hai / ataH chaMdoM ke vikAsAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa graMtha kA mahattva akSuNNa hai / 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 200 / 2. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 94 / 3. harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pRSTha 33 / 4. harSacarita, caturtha ucchavAsa / 5. harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR. 67 / 6. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR. 60 / 7. saMskRta DrAmA, DaoN. kItha, pR. 351 / 8. sandeza rAsaka : phArmasa eNDa sTraikcara, pR. 96 / 9. sandeza rAsaka, pR. 8, pra. - hindI granya ratnAkara limiTeDa, bambaI / 10. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI /
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________________ 82 apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 saMpattau vAsArattu tAMva tahiM diyaha jati kira kai vi jAva, saMpattau vAsAratu tAMva / ghaNagayavari taDikacchaMkiyai caDiu dhareSpiNu iMdadhaNu / varisaMtu sarahiM pAusaNivai Na girbhe sahu karai raNu / kAyaulaI tarughari saThiyAI, haMsaI saramuyaNukkaMThiyAI / saravara saMjAyA tucchaNaliNa, disabhAya vi NavakasaNabbhamaliNa / Naccati mora majjati kaMka, paMthiya vahati maNi gamaNasaMka / cala cAyaya tahAhaya lavaMti, pauraMdarIu jalalau piyati / pravasiyapiyAu vhasalliyAu, mahamahiyau jAu phulliyAu / disapasariyakeyaikusumareNu, cikkhille tosiya kiDi kareNu / varisate deveM bhariu desu, jalu thalu sajAyau Nivvisesu / ekkahiM miliyAI disANaNAI, papphullakayaMbai kANaNAI / avalosvi rAmu visAyagatyu, thiu Niyakaoli saMNihiyahatthu / ghaNu gajjau vijju vi vipphurau NADau sihaMDi vi mUDhamai / viNu sIyai pAvasu rAhavahu bhaNu kiM hiyavai karai raI / mahApurANa 75.11, 12 bijalIrUpI rassI se aMkita megharUpI gaja para ArUr3ha indradhanuSa lekara pAvasarUpI rAjA mAno tIroM se barasatA huA grISma ke sAtha yuddha kara rahA ho / kAkakula vRkSarUpI gharoM meM baiTha gaye / haMsa sarovaroM ko chor3ane ke lie utsuka ho uThe / sarovara kamaloM se hIna ho gaye / dizAeM bhI kAle bAdaloM se malina ho gaI / mayUra nAcate haiM, bagule DubakiyAM lagAte haiM / pyAsa se vyAkula caMcala cAtaka cillAne lage aura meghe kA pAnI pIne lage / proSitapatikAeM duHkha se pIr3ita ho uThIM / juhI kI latAeM mahakane lagIM / ketakI - kusuma-parAga dizAoM meM prasarita hone lagA / gaja aura sUara kIcar3a se prasanna ha uThe / megharAja ke barasane para deza (jala se ) bhara gayA / jala aura sthala nirvizeSa ho gaye / dizAoM ke mukha ekAkAra ho gaye / kAnanoM meM kadamba ke puSpa khila gaye / viSAdagrasta rAma use dekhakara apane gAla para hAtha rakhakara baiTha gaye / - megha garajA, bijalI camakI aura mUDhamati mora nAca uThA / batAo vaha pAvasa rAma ne hRdaya meM sItA ke binA kaise prema utpanna kara sakatA hai / anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 NAyakumAra-cariu kA chaMda * DaoN. rAmabarana pAThaka bhUSana vina na virAjaI, kavitA vanitA mitta / - kezava saMdarbhita viSaya ke antargata ukta pakti samIcInatA kA dyotaka hai / kAvyarUpI nArI kA zrRMgAra bAhya sAja-sajjA kalAtmakatA hai jo. usake saundarya meM vRddhi karatI hai / kavitA ke pradhAna bAhya zrRMgAra haiM - chaMda, alaMkAra, guNa-doSAdi / 'chando'laMkAra manjUSAM to hai hI sAtha hI - binA vyAkaraNenAndhaH, rudhirakoSavirjitaH / .. chandaHzAstra vinA paMguH, mUkastaka vivarjitaH // chanda ke binA kavitA-rUpI nArI paMgu ho jAtI hai / isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAvya meM chanda kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai jisako "chandayati AhlAdayati iti chandaH" pakti bhI paribhASita karatI hai ki chanda vahI hai jo AhlAdita karatA hai / 'IzAnaH sarvavidyAnAm' ke anusAra devAdhideva mahAdeva sabhI vidyAoM ke adhipati haiM / isIlie ve hI chanda-zAstra ke pravartaka bhI / bAda meM isa vidyA kA jJAna indra, duzcyavana, vRhaspati, bhANDavya, saitava, yAska RSi evaM AcArya piMgala se hotA huA paravartI sabhI granthakAroM ko prApta huA hai / chanda-yojanA eka zreSTha kalA hai / ise AtmAnubhUti kA saMgIta kaha sakate haiM /
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 apabhraMza kAvya prAyaH kathAtmaka hai / varNana pradhAna hai, jisameM caritra varNana kA bAhulya / saMskRta evaM prAkRtapUrva sAhitya ke chandoM ke itara apabhraMza sAhitya ne naye chandoM kA AviSkAra kiyA hai jinhoMne paravartI kAvya ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / hindI kI caupAI, dohA, tukabandI apabhraMza ka hI dena haiM / 84 prastuta cariu kAvya 9 saMdhiyoM meM vikhaNDita hai aura saMdhiyA~ kaDavakoM meM vibhAjita / pratyeva kavaka meM aneka ardhAliyoM evaM anta meM eka ghattA chanda kA samAveza hai jisakA svarUpa saMdhi be prArambha meM dhruvaka kA prayoga karake spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai / Alocya kAvya meM kaDavaka ke antargata sarvAdhika ikatAlisa ardhAliyA~ aura kama se kama chaha ' ardhAliyA~ prayukta / kula kaDavakoM kI saMkhyA 150, ghattA kI saMkhyA 150, dhruvaka kI saMkhyA 9 evaM duvaI kI saMkhyA 32 isa kAvya meM sulabha hai / duvaI chanda kA prayoga kevala 3 va 4 sandhiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / chandoM ke dIpaka', vivaraNa meM alillaha', pajjhaTikA', pAdAkulakara, sakhaNArI yA somarAjI', madanAvatAra', cArupada, pramANikA, mauktikadAma 11, bhujaMgaprayAta 12, karimakarabhujAdvipadI 13, madhubhAra 14 va mAlatI 15 prApya haiN| sarvAdhika alillaha aura pajjhaTikA chandoM kA prayoga hai / mAtrika chaMda 1. aDillA (alillaha) isa chanda kA pratyeka caraNa solaha mAtrAoM se yukta hotA hai aura do caraNoM meM paraspara tukabandI hotI hai / caraNa kA anta do laghu svaroM se hotA hai / isa prakAra ke chanda prastuta kAvya ke saMdhi 3, 5, 7 va 9 meM sulabha haiM jisameM 3716 kaDavaka sampUrNa rUpa se niyamabaddha haiM arthAt pratyeka caraNa meM alillaha chanda kA paripAlana huA hai jabaki 22 kaDavakoM meM pratyeka kaDavaka meM 2 aura 10 caraNoM ke bIca meM pAdAkulaka chanda para AdhArita caraNoM kA samAveza hai sandhi 3 caraNa (pAdAkulaka) sandhi 5 kaDavaka kaDavaka caraNa (pAdAkulaka) 3 2 1 7 6 8 7 8 9 11 12 13 12 17 1 2 3 4 11 12 15 sandhi 7 2 2 2 2 6 4 4 2 2 4 10 4 6 sandhi 9 1 11 12 4 6 2 2 8 4 244
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 udAharaNArtha te buDhA je suyaNa salakkhaNa, satyakammavisaesa vipakkhaNa / buddhi vuDDhasevA so paMcagu maMtu pariyaDDhai 117 udAharaNArtha pavaDDhaDa, pavaDDhai, 2. paddhaDiyA ( pajjhaTikA ) isa chanda kA bhI pratyeka caraNa solaha mAtrA se yukta hokara do caraNa paraspara tukabandI kA hotA hai parantu pratyeka caraNa kA anta jagaNa (ISI) se hotA hai / isakA prayoga sandhi 1, 4, 79 meM huA hai jisameM 3310 kaDavaka pUrNataH pajjhaTikA chanda kA paripAlana karate haiM jabaki 15 kahakkoM meM 2 aura 6 caraNa ke bIca meM alillaha chanda prayukta hai| - sandhi 1 kaDavaka caraNa (alillAha) sandhi 4 kaDavaka 5 11 9 12 10 1 14 3 15 6 16 7 17 13 15 6 2 2 2 4 2 2 sandhi 8 caraNa alillaha caraNa (alillAha ) 4 2426 acchA dAiu visasihisamANu, ikku ji khamadiri kIlamANu / jai ajju Na hammada maccharillu, to pacchaDa desai dukkhasaltu / " 4 10 2 4 12 4 2 4 85 3. pAdAkulaka AlocyakAvya ke antargata sandhi 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 va 9 meM 28 pAdAkulaka chanda varNita haiM jisameM 2220 kaDavaka paripUrNa haiM parantu kaDavaka 5 meM alillaha evaM kaDavaka 1 meM pajjhaTikA chanda kA caraNa mizrita hai / sandhi 6 kaDavaka 8 10 11 14 15 17 6 isa chanda meM bhI 16 mAtrAoMvAle caraNa hote haiM parantu caraNa ke anta meM laghu-guru yA guru-guru hote haiM yA sabhI laghu hote haiM / prastuta grantha meM pAdAkulaka kA prayoga bhI bahula hai / caraNa pajjhaTikA
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________________ 86 udAharaNArtha suraNaravisaharavarakhayarasaraNu, kusumasara paharaharasamavasaraNu / paisarai Nivai pahu sarai thuNai, bahubhavabhava kayarayapaDalu dhuNai // 21 siri karivi dharevvau visahareNa, keNa vi divveNa viharahareNa / NiyateyaNihaya sodAmiNIhi, kIlesai NAyaphaNAmaNIhi // 22 mAyApiyara dukkiyaharaI, maNikalasasamuhadappaNakaraI / uvaNiyaghaMTAcAmaradhayaI, aNNAhi~ diNi jiNabhavaNaho gayai~ // 23 jAyakumAraho sage laggA, ajjhAsA icchiyasaMsaggA / kiNNaridevimaNohariyAo, NiyaputtIo jiha dhariyAo // 24 kahIM-kahIM pratyeka caraNa meM 15 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM parantu antima laghu dIrgha mAnA jAtA hai jise dvimAtrika hI kaha sakate haiM / udAharaNArtha u kahi~ mi maraNadiNe uvvarai, camarANilu sAsANilu dharaI / suha rAyapaTTabaMdhe vasaI, ki AuNibaMdhaNu Nau lhasai // 25 4. ghattA ghattA (31 mAtrika) pratyeka kavaka ke anta meM AnevAle ghattA sandhi 4, 5 va 8 meM eka se haiM / yaha do caraNo kA ghattA SaTapadI kahalAtA hai / jaise jo mairA cakkhai Amisu bhakkhara kuguru kudevaha~ laggai / so mANau NaTThau pahapabbhaTThau pAvai bhIsaNa duggai 1126 - apabhraMza - bhAratI-2. ghattA (30 mAtrika) sandhi 2, 9 kA ghattA jo pratyeka kaDavaMka ke anta meM Aye haiM, eka samAna haiM jinakA anta laghu se huA hai / jaise - u DasiyAharaU bhUbhaMguraU kusuma sareNa parajjiu / diu jiNavaNU thiyasamaNayaNU kAmakohabhayavajjiu // 27 - ghattA (28 mAtrika) sandhi 1 ke sabhI kaDavaka ke anta meM AnevAlA ghattA samAna hote hue anta meM laghu rakhatA hai / jaise so vivi NariMdo viNNavai osAriyajaNaduriyariNu / viulairiNiyabaho suraNamiu Ayau sammai paramajiNu // 20 ghattA (24 mAtrika) sandhi 3 va 6 ke kaDavaka ke anta meM ghattA Aye haiM / sandhi 3 ke kaDavaka 2, 5, 6 4 8 ke ghatte kA anta guru se hotA hai zeSa sabhI kA anta laghu se huA hai / jaise
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 ArohaNu karivi kumareM payapelliu mayagalu / kiMkarapariyariu NIsariu phuriyakhaggujjalu // maMcAruDhiyae vajjariu diNNasiMgAraho / jovahi dharaNivai piyadhariNi jaMti gharu jAraho // ghattA (23 mAtrika) sandhi 7 meM pratyeka kaDakka ke anta meM AnevAle pattA samAna haiM / ghattA 9 va 14 kA anta do guru tathA zeSa kA laghu se hotA hai / jaise - NiggayAI roseNa maNikacaNakavayaM gii| uhayabalaI laggAI saravara pihiyapayagaI // 1 puravare sayala pai kamasohAvitthAre / guNavai mAmaho dhIya pariNiya NAyakumAre // 5. dhruvaka dhruvaka (31 mAtrika) sandhi 4 va 8 meM dhruvaka samAna hote hue anta meM guru rakhatA hai| jaise - sAheppiNu varakari avaru vi so hari puraNaraNiyarapaloiu / taNaeNa satAyaho kayamuharAyaho paya paNaveppiNu Dhoiu // 3 dhuvaka (30 mAtrika) sandhi 1,2, 5 va 1 kA dhruvaka samAna hai aura anta meM laghu prayoga huA hai / jaise - pariNivi suddha saI kalahaMsagaI viyasiyaviDaviNihANaho / gayau saNeureNa ateureNa sahu~ paravai ujjANaho // 4 dhuvaka (23 mAtrika) sandhi 7 meM dhruvaka kA anta laghu se hotA hai / jaise - lacchImai piugehe thavivi surAsuravadaho / NAyakumAru savIru gau ujjita giri daho // 5 dhruvaka (24 mAtrika) . sandhi 3 va 6 kA dhruvaka samAna hai jisakA anta laghu se hotA hai / jaise - siddha Namaha bhaNevi aTThAraha liviu bhuagau / dakkhAlai suyaho sikkhai mehAvi aNaMgau // 6. duvaI 28 mAtrAvAlA duvaI sandhi 3 va 4 meM kaDavaka ke prArambha meM prayukta hai / sabhI samAna hote hue bhI unake caraNoM ke anta meM vibheda pAyA jAtA hai / sandhi 3 meM kaDavaka ke prArambha meM prayukta saMkhyA 2 va 4 ke caraNa kA anta laghu-guru, 1, 5 va 8 kA anta laghu-laghu aura 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17 ke caraNa kA anta guru-laghu-guru se hotA hai| jabaki
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________________ 88 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kaDavaka 10 ke anta meM krama se laghu-guru va guru-laghu-guru prayukta haiM / sandhi 4 meM mAtra 1 kaDavaka ke prArambhavAlA duvaI chanda kA anta laghu-guru tathA isa sandhi kA zeSa duvaI chanda kA antima caraNa guru-laghu-guru se hotA hai / jaise - iya so visahariMdamuhaviyaliu karikaradIhadaDhabhuo / satyu suNatu saMtu sajAyau viusasiromaNI suo // 7 maMgalatUrabheriNigghoseM bahiriu gayaNamaggau / ipIIu be vi NaM kumariu maNa siyakare vilaggau // " cavai dharittiNAhu kA guru kA lahuI bhuaNasundarI / bhaNu bhaNu vappa deva kaMdappa maNohari ki va kiNNarI // 1 7. madanAvatAra (majutilakA) isake pratyeka caraNa kA anta laghu se hotA hai aura pratyeka caraNa meM 20 mAtrA / jaise NavajalahohiM va jalalava muatehiM, daDhaka DhiNapavivalayaparibaddhadatehiM / raNajhaNiyamaNi kikiNIsohamANehi, aNavarayapariyaliya karaDayaladANehiM / sovaNNasADINibadhuddhacidhehi, karaNAsiyAgahiyagayaNAhagadhehiM / dataggaNibbhiNNahariNakharaMgehi, bhUgoyarA kheyarA thiya mayagehiM / bhaNiya kumAreNa kayatiyasatoseNa, pAviTTha khado si eeNa doseNa / paradharaNiparataruNi para daviNa kaMkhAe~, marihIsI duccAra khalacora sikkhAe~ / * laviya sukaMTheNa mA marasu osarasu, NiyajIviyA kAma kAmiNisuhaM sarasu // 8. cArupada isake pratyeka caraNa meM 10 mAtrA / pratyeka caraNa kA anta guru-laghu se hotA hai / jaisekhaggehi chiMdati sillehi bhidati / bANehi~ vidhati pharaehiM rudhati / pAsehi~ vadhati daDehi cUraMti / sUlehi~ hUlati duraehi~ pIlati / pADati moDati loTTati ghoTRti / rosAvauNNAI jujjhati sennnnaaii| tA bhAsiyaM tassa vIrassa vAlassa / keNAvi puriseNa kayasuyaNahariseNa / taruNINimitteNa haNaNikacitteNa / duvvayaNaNAmeNa rAmAhirAmeNa ruddho tuha~ sAmi mAyaMgagaya gAmi / ta suNivi viSphuriu roseNa aituriu / NIla irikaricaDiu aiUNa tho bhiDiu / piyavamma uttassa raNabhArajuttassa 1
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 9. madhubhAra pratyeka caraNa kI mAtrA 8 / anta laghu laghu se hotA hai / jaise bhiuDibhayaMkara .1 tA NiTurakara vairikhayaMkara NiyavaisaMkara 1 jhasamuggarakara para jayasirihara iyara vi aMtare duvvayaNubbhaDa jayasirihAra jAyau bhaMDaNu uyaraviyAraNa asikhaNakhaNarava mayalapella rahavara khacaNu pAdhiyava churiyADhaNa Niru Nibbhiccihi kaDDhaya suMdari sada ettarhi bhallau kaNNAluddhau lahu saNNaddhau payacoiyagau dhAiyaNaravara 1 mayaNo kiMkara / thiya etyaMtare / mahAbhaDa / 1 suhaDa kaNNAkAraNe karasira khaMDaNu paharaNavAraNu haNarava raurava lohiyarella kesAca sUDa hayathaDu -- maccharaghaNaghaNu 1 jujjhivi bhiccihiM / 1 suravarasari kulaNahacadahi~ 1 duvvayaNullau 1 jamu jiha kuddhau / pavilabiyadhau I jhatti samAgau 10. dIpaka pratyeka caraNa meM 10 mAtrA / antima 1 laghu / jaise gAma bhuaNaM gatIhiM saNNaddha kuddhAi~ uvabaddhatA karicaDiyajohA chattadhayArAi~ vAhiyaturaMgAIM -- 142 NaM palayamAhiM / gahiraM rasatIhi / uddhaddhaciMdhAi~ 1 guNabiNA / calacAmarohA 1 pasariyaviyArAIM 1 cosyamayagAi~ 1 89
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 caladhUlikavilAI kappUradhavalAI mayaNAhikasaNAI kayaNairivasaNAI / bhaDaduNNivArAI rahadiNNadhArAI / rosAvauNNAI caliyAI sennnnaaii| tihuyaNaraisassa luyavairisI sassa / kulagayaNa caMdassa aMtaraNaridassa / duggAvahAreNa jaNapAyabhAreNa / dharaNI vi saMcalai maMdaru vi TalaTalai / jalaNihi vi malajhalai visaharu vi calacalai / jigijigiya khaggAI NihaliyamaggAI / samarekkacittAI giriNayaru pattAI / sukayAi~ phaliyAI mittAI miliyAI / akhimbharAyassa icchiyasahAyassa / 11. karimakarabhujA dvipadI isake caraNa meM 8 mAtrA aura anta laghu-guru se hotA hai / jaise - parabhImayaru vijjANiyaru / jAeM risiNA Nijjiya ariNA / maNi kappiyau mahu appiyau / AsAvasaNA payaDiyadasaNA / dIharaNaharA piMgalacihurA / bahujaMpaNiyA bahuloyaNiyA / kaMkAliNiyA kAvAliNiyA / sayasUliNiyA labirathaNiyA / bhIsAvaNiyA saMtAvaNiyA / viddAvaNiyA sammohaNiyA / ummohaNiyA saMkhohaNiyA / akkhohaNiyA uttAraNiyA / ArohaNiyA saMbohaNiyA / riumAraNiyA NiddAraNiyA / mahidAraNiyA NahacAraNiyA / jalatAraNiyA saravAraNiyA / asithaMbhaNiyA raharubhaNiyA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 91 balasubhaNiyA khalaDabhaNiyA / jamasaMkhaliyA jAlAvaliyA / maya vibhaliyA phaNimehaliyA / lIlAlaliyA marucaMcaliyA / dADhujjaliyA ruivijjuliyA / savvosahiyA vIsAsuhiyA / tAruNNaharI bahurUvadharI / adhArayarI caMdanasirI / kovAruNiyA varavAruNiyA / gahaNAsaNiyA kahapesaNiyA / varNika chanda 1. somarAjI ( saMkhaNArI ) . yaha yagaNavAle bhujaMgaprayAta chanda kA AdhA do yagaNa (la ga ga) yukta chaha varNoM kA chanda hai / jaise - iNa sA bhaNatI kharaM NIsasaMtI / kasAyaM sahatI. visAya vahaMtI / NahAlaggakUDa hayANaMgapIDa / / jiNANa pasatya gharaM dhatyadutya / gayA pIlu lIlA sudhammA suzIlA / risINa variTo tahiM tIai di@o / kayAhiMdasevo jiNodeva devo / asaMgoabhaMgo jahAjAyaliMgo / duhANa viNAso suhANaM NivAso / guNANa viseNI NayArur3havANI / tamANa paIvo tavANaM pahAvo / agAo apAo sayAsudabhAvo / sayANataNANI jasappattikhANI / jalullolabhagA sire Natyi gaMgA / gale Natyi sappo maNe Natthi dappo / kare Natyi sUla visAla kavAla / ure muMDamAlA Na seliMdabAlA / ahANaM rauddo tuma deva ruddo / isI mokkhagAmI tuma mama sAmI / phuDa dehi bohI visuddhA samAhI /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 2. bhujaMgaprayAta yaha bAraha varNika chanda hai jisameM cAra yagaNa hote haiM jisameM krama se laghu-guru-guru Ate haiM / yathA - NarideNa NAiMdadevidavadothuo, deva devo aNido jiNido / mahApaMcakallANaNANAhiNANo, sayA cAma roheNa vijjijjamANo // 6 3. pramANikA isameM 8 varNa hote haiM aura ve laghu-guru krama se Ate haiM / yathA - taomuNiMdajaMpiyaM maNe varaM thira thiya / sutArahArapaDuraM gayA saI samaMdira / NibaddhaNIlatoraNa vicitta mattavAraNa / rasaMtamattavAraNa divAyaraM suvAraNaM / suhemabhittipigalaM aNeyageya maMgala 147 4. mauktikadAma yaha mAlatI chanda kA dugunA hotA hai, isameM 12 varNa hote haiM, ve cAra jagaNoM meM hote haiM / yathA - gaehi diNehi~ kaehi~ mi aNNu, muNI maNaguttu bahuguNapuNNu / maDabasugAmapurAI cayatu, cauvvihasaMdhasamANu mahaMtu / khamAe mahovahi meru va tugu, sasI va susomu suteya payaMgu / samIraNu NAI valeNa mahaMtu, bahubbhavadukkhaviNAsu karatu / malatu dalatu asesu vi kamma, jarAmaraNubbhavaNAsiyajammu / " 5. mAlatI yaha chanda chaha varNika hai / isameM do jagaNa hote haiM / yathA - Navevi muNiMdu bhavIyaNa caMdu / gharammi chuhevi caukke Thavevi / samaccivi pAya vihIaiM javAya / puNo vi NamaMtu tiloya mahaMtu / kare vi samuddha taho saeN chuddha / muNINa sajoggu sacittu ajoggu / Na dei bhavIu asuddha savIu / subhoyaNu devi sato su karevi / isa prakAra prastuta granya meM mahAkavi puSpadanta ne 9 sandhiyoM meM 150 kaDavakoM ko lipibaddha kiyA hai / ina sandhiyoM ke antargata vibhinna chandoM ke prayoga ne isa grantha ko mahattvapUrNa banA diyA hai jisakA vivaraNa nimna sAraNI se draSTavya hai -
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kramAMka kaDavaka chanda nAma alillaha paddhaDiyA 59 . 48 pAdAkulaka saMkhaNArI madanAvatAra cArupada dIpaka 11 mAlatI bhujaMgaprayAta pramANikA karimakarabhujAdvipadI mauktikadAma madhubhAra duvaI 1-150 14 32 15 ghattA 16 dhuvaka 1. 9.21 2. 7.12 3. 3.1.17 5.1-3, 6-9, 11-13 7.1-4, 6-10, 11-12, 14-15 9.1-15, 19, 22, 25 4. 1.1-10, 12-18 4.1-9, 11-15 2.1-16 5. 1.11 2. 1, 4, 6-10, 12-14 4. 10, 5. 10 6. 1-5, 7-12, 14-15 6. 2.3; 5.3, 6.13, 9.17 7. 7.13, 9.20 8. 5.5, 2.2
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________________ 94 9. 7.5 10. 2.5 11. 9.26 12. 2.11 13. 6.6 14. 54 15. 9.21 16. 3.1-2, 4-5, 9-11, 14-16, 5.2, 3, 6, 13. 7.6-10, 14 9.2-10, 13-15, 19, 22-25 17. 3.2.1-2 18. 1-1.4, 6-7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 4.1-9, 13-15, 8.2, 4-5, 8-12, 14-16, 9.16 19. 4.14. 1-2 20. 1.11, 2.2, 4, 6-10, 12-14. 4.10 5.10 6. 1-5, 7, 9-12, 9-18 21. 1.11. 1-2 22. 2.8. 4-5 23. 2.10. 2-3 24. 5.10. 3-4 25. 6.4. 3-4 26. 4. 2.18 27. 2. 10.11 28. 1. 8.12 29. 3. 9.16 30. 3. 8.16 31. 7. 6.13 32. 7. 9.10 33. 4.1 34. 2.1 apabhraMza bhAratI-2
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 95 35. 7.1 36. 3.1 37. 3.4 38. 3.8 39. 3.6 40. 7.13. 1.7 41. 5.5. 1-14 42. 5.4. 1-21 43. 7.5. 1-20 44. 6.6. 1-27 45. 2.3. 1-20 46. 2.11. 1-2 47. 2. 5. 1-5 48. 9.16. 1-5 49. 9.21. 1-8
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________________ 96 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 nIla palAsa ratta huya kiMsuya mAlaikusumu bhamaru jiha vajjai, gharai gharai gahiru tUra tiha vajjai / viyasiyakusumu jAu aimuttau, ghummai kAmiNiyaNu ai-muttau / darisiu kusumaniyaru veyalleM, pahie gharu gammai~ veyalle / nIla palAsa ratta huya kisuya, bhaMtacittu jaNu jANai ki suya / turayahi~ allahajji naccijjai, navavasatu taruNihi~ naccijjai / dAvAnalu puliMdajaNu lAyai, saradhoraNi aNaMgu guNe lAyai / madu-maMdu malayAnilu vAyai, mahurasadu jaNu vallai vAyai / aha tahi~ siyapacamihi~ vasataho, nadaNavaNe devaule vasataho / phaNamaNiteohAmiyajalaNaho, karai jatta nAyaho jaNu jalaNaho / jaMbUsAmicariu 3.12 - jisa prakAra bhramara mAlatI puSpa se bhayabhIta (trasta, nirAza) ho guMjAra karane lagatA hai, usI prakAra ghara-ghara meM gaMbhIra tUra bajane lagA / atimuktaka kA phUla jaise khilatA hai vaise hI kAminIjana atyanta svacchanda hokara ghUmane lagIM / vicakilla ke vRkSa ne jaise kusuma-samUha ko darzAyA vaise hI pathika vegapUrvaka ghara jAne lage / palAza nIle (harita) ho gaye aura kiMzuka lAla, parantu bhrAntacitta ko lagA ki kahIM ye zuka pakSI to nahIM haiM / jisa prakAra gIle canoM ko dikhakara) ghor3e nAcane lagate haiM usI prakAra navavasanta ko (dekhakara) taruNiyAM nAcane lagIM / pulinda (bhIla) dAvAnala lagAne lage, kAmadeva dhanuSa para pratyaMcA car3hAne lagA / manda-manda malayapavana bahane lagA aura loga madhura svara se vINA (vallakI) bajAne lage / athAnantara vahIM vasanta kI zukla paMcamI ke dina, nandanavana ke devAlaya meM rahanevAle, apane phaNamaNi ke teja se agni ke teja ko tiraskRta karanevAle, jvalana nAmake nAgadeva kI yAtrA ke lie loga cale / - anu., DaoN. vimalaprakAza jaina
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 97 yogIndu muni * DaoN. vAsudevasiMha apane antaHprakAza se sahastroM ke tamapUrNa jIvana meM jyoti kI zikhA prajvalita karanevAle aneka bhAratIya sAdhakoM, vicArakoM aura saMtoM kA jIvana Aja bhI timirAcchanna hai| ye sAdhaka apane sambandha kucha kahanA saMbhavataH apane svabhAva aura paripATI ke viruddha samajhate the / isIlie apane kAryoM aura caritroM ko adhikAdhika gupta rakhane kA prayAsa karate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja hama una manISiyoM ke jIvana ke sambandha meM koI prAmANika aura vistRta tathya jAnane se vaMcita raha jAte haiM aura una taka pahu~cane ke lie parokSa mArgoM kA sahArA lete haiM, kalpanA kI ur3AneM bharate haiM aura anumAna kI bAteM karate haiM / nAmakaraNa zrI yogIndu deva bhI eka aise sAdhaka aura kavi ho gae haiM jinake viSaya meM prAmANika tathyoM kA abhAva hai / yahA~ taka ki unake nAmakaraNa, kAla-nirNaya aura graMthoM ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda hai / paramAtmaprakAza meM unakA nAma 'joindu ' ' AyA hai / brahmadeva ne 'paramAtmaprakAza' kI TIkA meM Apako sarvatra 'yogIndu 2 likhA hai / zrutasAgara ne 'yogIndradeva nAmnA bhaTTArakeNa 3 kahA hai / paramAtmaprakAza kI kucha hastalikhita pratiyoM meM 'yogendra' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 'yogasAra' ke antima dohe meM 'jogicanda' " nAma AyA hai / mujhe yogasAra kI do hastalikhita pratiyA~ jayapura ke zAstra bhANDAroM meM dekhane ko milIM / eka prati (guTakA naM. 54) Amera zAstra bhANDAra meM, dUsarI 'TholiyoM ke mandira ke zAstra bhANDAra' meM surakSita hai / isa prati
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________________ 98 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kA lipi kAla saM. 1827 hai - "saM. 1827 miti kAtI vadI 13 likhi / TholiyoM ke mandiravAlI prati ke anta meM likhA hai - 'iti yogenda deva kRta-prAkRta dohA ke Atmopadeza sampUrNa / ukta prati kA antima dohA isa prakAra hai - saMsAraha bhayabhItaeNa jogacanda muNieNa / appA saMvohaNa kathA dohA kavvu miNeNa // 108 // zrI e. ena. upAdhye dvArA sampAdita yogasAra ke dohA naM. 108 se yaha thor3A bhinna hai| isake prathama caraNa meM 'bhayabhIyaeNa' ke sthAna para 'bhayabhItaeNa', 'jogicanda' ke sthAna para 'jogacanda' aura dvitIya caraNa meM 'ikkamaNeNa' ke sthAna para 'kavvu miNeNa' kA prayoga huA hai| kavi ne apane ko 'joindu' yA 'jogacanda' (jogicanda) hI kahA hai, yaha paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra meM prayukta nAmoM se spaSTa hai / 'indu' aura 'candra' paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / vyaktivAcI saMjJA ke paryAyavAcI prayoga bhAratIya kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / zrI e. ena. upAdhye ne bhAgendu (bhAgacandra) zubhendu (zubhacandra) Adi uddharaNa dekara isa tathya kI puSTi kI hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke 'rAmacarita mAnasa' meM vyaktivAcI saMjJAoM ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga bahuta huA hai / 'sugrIva' kA sukaMTha, 'hiraNyakazipu kA 'kanakakazipu', 'hiraNayAkSa' kA 'hATakalocana', 'meghanAda' kA 'vAridanAda', aura 'dazAnana' kA 'dazamukha' Adi prayoga prAyaH dekhane ko mila jAte haiM / zrI brahmadeva ne apanI TIkA meM 'joindu' kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'yogIndu' kara diyA / isI AdhAra para paravartI TIkAkAroM aura lipikAroM ne 'yogIndra' zabda ko mAnyatA dI / kintu yaha prayoga galata hai / kavi kA vAstavika nAma 'joindu, yogIndu yA jogicanda' hI hai / tInoM eka hI zabda ke bhinna-bhinna rUpa haiM / kAla-nirNaya 'joindu' ke nAmakaraNa ke samAna hI unake kAla-nirNaya para bhI matabheda hai, aura unako IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara 12vIM zatAbdI taka ghasITA jAtA hai / zrI gA~dhI 'apabhraMza kAvyatrayI kI bhUmikA (pR. 102-103) meM 'joindu' ko prAkRta vaiyAkaraNa caNDa se bhI purAnA siddha karate haiM / isa prakAra ve inakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnate jAna par3ate haiM / AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI Aphko AThavI-navIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnate haiN| zrI madhusUdana modI ne (apabhraMza pAThAvalI, TippaNI, pR. 77,79) Apako dazavIM zatI meM vartamAna honA siddha kiyA hai / zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara ne likhA hai ki prasiddha jaina sAdhu joindu (yogIndu) jo eka mahAna vidvAna vaiyAkaraNa aura kavi thA, sambhavataH cittaur3a kA hI nivAsI thA / isakA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatI meM thA / hindI sAhitya ke vRhat itihAsa meM Apako '11vIM zatI se purAnA' mAnA gayA hai / zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina Apako bArahavIM zatAbdI kA 'purAnI hindI kA kavi batAte haiM / ' zrI e. ena. upAdhye ne kaI vidvAnoM ke tarkoM kA sapramANa khaNDana karate hue yogIndu ko IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI kA honA nizcita kiyA hai / 10 'yogIndu' ke AvirbhAva sambandhI itane matabhedoM kA kAraNa unake sambandha meM kisI prAmANika tathya kA abhAva hai / zrI e. ena. upAdhye ko chor3akara anya kisI ne na to yogIndu para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura na apanI mAnyatA ke pakSa meM koI sabala tarka hI upasthita kiyA hai| kintu zrI upAdhye ne jo samaya nizcita kiyA hai, usako bhI sahasA svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isake do kAraNa haiM / prathamataH yogIndu kI racanAoM meM kucha aise dohe milate haiM jisase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vaha siddhoM aura nAthoM ke vicAroM se prabhAvita the / vahI zabdAvalI, vahI bAteM, vahI prayoga yogIndu kI racanAoM meM pAye jAte haiM, jo bauddha, zaiva, zAkta Adi yogiyoM aura tAntrikoM meM prApta hote haiM / AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne ThIka hI likhA
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 hai ki agara unakI racanAoM ke Upara se 'jaina' vizeSaNa haTA diyA jAya to ve yogiyoM aura tAntrikoM kI racanAoM se bahuta bhinna nahIM lagegI / ve hI zabda, ve hI bhAva aura ve hI prayoga ghUma-phira kara usa yuga ke sabhI sAdhakoM ke anubhavoM meM AyA karate the / yahA~ para itanA kaha denA hama Avazyaka samajhate haiM ki yogIndu tathA anya samakAlIna siddha, nAtha Adi 'Atmatatva' kI upalabdhi ke sambandha meM lagabhaga eka hI bAta kahate dikhAI par3ate haiM / kama se kama bAhyAcAra kA virodha, citta zuddhi para jora denA, zarIra ko hI samasta sAdhanAoM kA kendra samajhanA aura samarasI bhAva se svasaMvedana Ananda kA upabhoga varNana sabhI kaviyoM meM mila jAte haiM / siddha yuga IsA kI AThavIM se gyArahavIM sadI taka mAnA jAtA hai aura 'sarahapAda' Adi siddha - mAne jAte haiM / rAhulajI ke anusAra ApakI mRtyu san 780 I. ke lagabhaga huI thii| isI zatAbdI se bauddhadharma hInayAna aura mahAyAna ke vikAsa kI carama sImA para pahu~cakara aba eka naI dizA lene kI taiyArI kara rahA thA, jaba use mantrayAna, vajrayAna, sahajayAna kI saMjJA milane vAlI thI aura jisake prathama praNetA svayaM sarahapAda the / 12 isake pazcAt siddha paramparA meM zabarapA (780 I.), bhusukapA (800 I.), luIpA (830 I.), DomDipA (840 I.), dArikapA ( 840 I.), guNDarIpA (840 I.), kukkurIpA (840 I.), kamaripA ( 840 I.), kaNhapA (840 I.), gorakSapA (845 I.), TeMTaNapA (850 I.), mahIpA ( 870 I.), bhAvepA ( 870 I.), dhAmapA (870 I.) Adi siddha Ate haiM / 13 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se bhAratIya dharma-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM naye vicAroM kA samAveza prArambha hotA hai aura vibhinna sampradAyoM aura paMthoM ke saMta prAyaH eka hI svara meM AtmA paramAtmA Adi viSayoM para vicAra karanA prArambha karate haiM / yahA~ taka ki jainadharma bhI isase achUtA nahIM raha jAtA hai / yogIndu sambhavataH aise pahale jaina muni the, jo isa prabhAva meM Ate haiM / ataeva unakA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM ho sktaa| nae dhArmika mor3a para vicAra karate hue mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana bhI kucha isI prakAra kI bAta kahate haiM "jainadharma ke bAre meM yaha bAta utane jora se nahIM kahI jA sakatI, para vahA~ bhI yogIndu rAmasiMha jaise saMtoM ko hama nayA rAga alApate dekhate haiM, jisameM samanvaya kI bhAvanA jyAdA milatI hai" 124 rAhula ke ukta kathana se yaha dhvani nikalatI hai ki yogIndu aura muni rAmasiMha AThavIM sadI ke pUrva nahIM hue hoMge / / -- - 99 bhASA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI yogIndu kA racanAkAla AThavIM navIM zatI hI ThaharatA hai| Apake 'paramAtmaprakAza' aura 'yogasAra' apabhraMza bhASA ke graMtha haiN| apabhraMza bhASA eka pariniSThita bhASA sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM kaba AI ? isa para vidvAna ekamata nahIM haiM / vaise 'apabhraMza' zabda kAphI prAcIna hai / sambhavataH isakA prathama prayoga IsA pUrva dUsarI zatI ke pAtaJjali - mahAbhASya meM milatA hai / isake pazcAt vyADi, daMDI Adi ke dvArA 'apabhraMza' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / kintu bhASA ke lie isakA prayoga chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM miltaa| bhASA ke artha meM apabhraMza zabda kA prayoga spaSTarUpa se chaThI zatI IsvI meM prAkRta vaiyAkaraNa caNDa, valabhI ke rAjA dharasena dvitIya ke tAmrapatra, bhAmaha aura daMDI ke alaMkAra graMthoM meM milatA hai / 15 bhASA kA yaha niyama hai ki vaha saMyogAtmaka avasthA se viyogAtmaka avasthA aura phira viyogAtmaka avasthA se saMyogAtmaka avasthA ke rUpa meM vikasita hotI rahatI hai / saMskRta zliSTa bhASA thI / usake pazcAt pAli, prAkRta aura apabhraMza kramazaH adhikAdhika azliSTa hotI gyii| unameM saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti AtI gii| dhAtu rUpa, kAraka rUpa Adi kama hote gye| apabhraMza taka Ate Ate bhASA kA azliSTa rUpa adhika spaSTa ho gayA / vAstava meM apabhraMza saMskRta pAli prAkRta ke zliSTa bhASAkula se utpanna para azliSTa hone se eka nae prakAra kI bhASA hai aura hindI ke bahuta nikaTa hai / - -
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 zrI candradhara zarmA gulerI ne to apabhraMza ko 'purAnI hindI' mAnA hai aura apabhraMza sAhitya ke aneka uddharaNoM kA vizleSaNa karake isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki ye uddharaNa apabhraMza kahe jAe~, kintu ye usa samaya kI purAnI hindI hI hai, vartamAna hindI sAhitya se unakA paramparAgata sambandha vAkya aura artha se sthAna-sthAna para spaSTa hogaa| 16 bhASA ke vikAsa krama meM aisA samaya bhI AtA hai| jaba ki eka bhASA apane sthAna se haTane lagatI hai aura dUsarI bhASA usakA sthAna grahaNa karane lie sakriya ho uThatI hai| isako bhASA kA saMkrAnti yuga kahate haiM / aise saMkrAnti yuga saMskRti - pAli, pAli-prAkRta, prAkRta-apabhraMza aura apabhraMza - hindI ke bIca meM Aye haiM / chaThI zatAbdI ko prAkRta- apabhraMza kA saMkrAnti yuga mAnA jAtA hai, jaba ki prAkRta ke sthAna para apabhraMza sAhityika bhASA kA sthAna le rahI thI aura kavigaNa apabhraMza kI ora jhuka rahe the / kintu abhI apabhraMza kA svarUpa-nirdeza nahIM ho sakA thA / usake aneka prayoga prAkRta ke se the / yogIndu muni ke 'paramAtmaprakAza' aura vizeSa rUpa se 'yogasAra kI jo bhASA hai, use hama chaThI zatAbdI kI nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki usa samaya kI bhASA meM acAnaka itanI viyogAtmakatA aura saralatA A jAya (jaisI kI yogasAra meM hai) ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'yogasAra' ke kucha dohoM se spaSTa ho jAegA ki ve hindI ke kitane nikaTa haiN| dehAdiu je pari kahiyA te appANu Na hohiM / iu jANeviNu jIva tuhu~ appA appa muNehi // 11 // caurAsI- lakkhahi phiriu kAlu aNAi aNaMtu / para sammattu Na laddha jiya ehau jANi bhiMtu // 25 // 100 ukta dohoM meM dehAdiu, je, pari, te, hohi, jIva, tuhu, caurAsI, lakkhahiM, kAlu, jiya Adi zabda hindI ke hI haiM / hemacandra ne apane 'siddha hemacandra zabdAnuzAsana' ke AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRta apabhraMza vyAkaraNa para vicAra kiyA hai / unhoMne vyAkaraNa kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM ke pramANarUpa meM apabhraMza kI racanAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / ye uddharaNa pUrvavartI aura samakAlIna kaviyoM kI racanAoM se liye gae haiN| hemacandra kA samaya samvat 1145 se saM. 1229 taka mAnA jAtA hai / adhikAMza uddharaNa AThavIM-navIM aura dasavIM zatAbdI ke haiM / paramAtmaprakAza ke bhI tIna dohe nIce diye jA rahe haiM / 17 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne AThavIM zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka kI apabhraMza para vicAra kiyA hai / ataeva niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yogIndu muni IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke anta athavA navIM zatI ke prArambha meM hue hoMge / DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a ne bhI yogIndu kA samaya AThavIM-navIM zatAbdI mAnA hai / unhoMne DaoN. upAdhye ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki caNDa ke prAkRta-lakSaNa meM paramAtmaprakAza kA eka dohA uddhRta kiyA huA milatA hai jisake AdhAra para DaoN. upAdhye yogIndu kA samaya caNDa se pUrva IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnate haiM / kintu sambhava hai ki vaha dohA donoM ne kisI tIsare srota se liyA ho / isalie isa yukti se hama kisI nizcita mata para nahIM pahu~ca sakate, bhASA ke vicAra se yogIndra kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga pratIta hotA hai 118 graMtha yogIndu ke nAmakaraNa aura AvirbhAva ke samAna, unake graMthoM ke sambandha meM bhI kAphI vivAda hai / zrI e. ena. upAdhye ne aise nau graMthoM kI sUcI dI hai jo yogIndu ke nAma se abhihita kiye
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 101 gaye haiM / ve graMtha haiM - (1) paramAtmaprakAza, (2) yogasAra, (3) naukAra zrAvakAcAra, (4) adhyAtma saMdoha, (5) subhASitataMtra, (6) tatvArtha TIkA, (7) dohApAhuDa, (8) amRtAzIti, (7) nijaatmaassttk| inameM se naM. 4.5 aura 6 ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM milatA / 'amRtAzIti' eka upadezapradhAna racanA hai / antima pada meM yogIndra zabda AyA hai / " yaha racanA yogIndu muni kI hai, isakA koI nizcita pramANa nahIM milatA / 'nijAtmASTaka' prAkRta bhASA kA graMtha hai / isake racayitA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA / naukAra zrAvakAcAra yA sAvayadhamma dohA meM jaina zrAvakoM ke AcaraNa sambandhI niyama haiN| isake racayitAoM meM tIna vyaktioM - yogIndu, lakSmIdhara aura devasena kA nAma liyA jAtA hai / 'hindI sAhitya ke vRhat itihAsa' meM yogIndu ko 'sAvayadhamma dohA kA kartA batAyA gayA hai / isa pustaka kI kucha hastalikhita pratiyoM ke anta meM 'jogendrakRta' likhA bhI hai / sAvayadhamma dohA kI tIna hastalikhita pratiyA~ aisI haiM jinameM kavi kA nAma 'lakSmIcanda' diyA huA hai / 21 kintu isakA sampAdana DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne kiyA hai aura usakI bhUmikA meM 'devasena' ko graMtha kA kartA sapramANa siddha kara diyA hai / ataeva isameM aba sandeha kA sthAna nahIM raha gayA hai ki 'sAvayadhammadohA devasena kI racanA hai / 2 devasena dazavIM zatAbdI ke jaina kavi the / unhoMne 'darzanasAra', 'bhAvasaMgraha Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI thI / darzanasAra ke dohA naM. 49, 50 meM Apane likhA hai ki graMtha kI racanA dhArA nagarI ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM baiThakara samvat 990 ko mAgha sudI dazamI ko kii| isase spaSTa hai ki ve dazavIM zatAbdI meM hue the / 'dohApAhaDa' ke sambandha meM do racayitAoM kA nAma AtA hai - muni rAmasiMha aura yogInda muni / DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne isa graMtha kA sampAdana do hastalikhita pratiyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / 23 unheM eka prati dillI aura dUsarI kolhApura se prApta huI thI / dillIvAlI prati ke anta meM "zrI munirAmasiMha viracitA pAhuDa dohA samApta" likhA hai aura kolhApura kI prati ke anta meM "iti zrI - yogendradeva viracita dohApAhuDa nAma graMtha samApta" likhA hai / 'dohApAhuDa' kI eka hastalikhita prati mujhe jayapura ke 'Amera zAstra bhaMDAra' guTakA naM. 54 se prApta huI hai / isa prati ke anta meM likhA hai ki "iti dvitIya prasiddha nAma joindu viracitaM dohApAhuDayaM samAptAni / " isa kAraNa yaha nirNaya kara sakanA ki isakA kartA kauna hai ? kucha kaThina ho jAtA hai / aba do graMtha paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra - hI aise raha jAte haiM jinako nirvivAda rUpa se yogIndu muni kI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai / paramAtmaprakAza meM do mahAdhikAra haiM / prathama mahAdhikAra meM 123 tathA dUsare meM 214 dohe haiM / isa graMtha kI racanA yogIndu muni ne apane ziSya bhaTTa prabhAkara ke AtmalAbha ke lie kI thI / prArambha meM bhaTTa prabhAkara paMcaparameSThI tathA yogIndu muni kI vandanA karake nirmala bhAva se kahate haiM ki mujhe saMsAra meM rahate hue anantakAla vyatIta ho gayA, phira bhI sukha nahIM milA, duHkha hI duHkha milA / ataeva he guru / caturgati divagati, manuSyagati, narakagati, tiryakagati) ke duHkhoM kA nivAraNa karanevAle paramAtmA kA varNana kIjie - bhAvi paNavivi paMcaguru siri-joindu-jiNAu / bhaTrapahAyari viNNaviu vimala kareviNa bhAu // 8 // gau saMsAri vasantAhaM sAmiya kAlu aNantu / para ma. kiMpi Na pattu suhu dukkhu ji pattu mahantu // 9 // caUgai-dukkhaheM tattAhaiM jo paramappau koi / caugai-dukkha-viNAsayarukahahu pasAe~ so vi // 10 // - (paramAtmaprakAza, pra. mahAdhikAra )
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________________ 102 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 bhaTTa prabhAkara kI isa prArthanA ko sunakara yogIndu muni 'paramatatva' kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| va AtmA ke bheda, bahirAtmA, paramAtmA, antarAtmA kA svarUpa mokSa-prApti ke upAya, nizcayanaya, samyakdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kA varNana karate haiM / sthAna-sthAna para bhaTTa prabhAkara zaMkA upasthita karate haiM / taba yogIndu usa viSaya ko adhika vistAra se spaSTa karate haiM / isIlie anta meM unhoMne kahA hai ki paNDitajana isameM punarukti doSa para dhyAna na deM / kyoMki maiMne bhaTTa prabhAkara ko samajhAne ke lie paramAtma tatva kA kathana bAra-bAra kiyA hai - ityu Na levau paNDiyahi, guNa-dosu vi puNaruttu / bhaTTa-pabhAyara-kAraNaI maI puNu-puNu vi pauttu // 2 // - ( paramAtmaprakAza, dvi. mahAdhikAra ) __'yogasAra' ApakI dUsarI racanA hai / isameM 108 dohA chanda haiM / isakA viSaya bhI vahI hai jo 'paramAtmaprakAza kA hai / graMtha ke anta meM kavi ne svayaM kahA hai ki saMsAra ke duHkhoM se bhayabhIta yogIndu deva ne Atmasambodhana ke lie ekAgra mana se ina dohoM kI racanA kI - saMsAraha bhaya-bhIyaeNa jogicanda-muNieNa / appA-sabohaNa kayA dohA ika-maNeNa // 108 // donoM graMtha zrI e. ena. upAdhye dvArA sampAdita hokara 'rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA' se prakAzita ho cuke haiM / samIkSA __yogIndu muni ucca-koTi ke sAdhaka haiM / Apane jaina evaM jainetara graMthoM kA vizada adhyayana kiyA thA / Apa saMkIrNa vicAroM se pUrNatayA mukta the / Apane anubhUti ko hI abhivyakti kA AdhAra banAyA aura kevala jainadharma ke graMthoM kA hI piSTapeSaNa aura vyAkhyA Adi na karake, jisa carama satya kA anubhava kiyA, use nirbhIka-nirdvandra vANI se abhivyakta kara diyA / etadartha anya dharmoM kI zabdAvalI grahaNa karane meM Apa hicake nahIM tathA jaina mata kI kucha mAnyatAoM se alaga jAne se Dare nahIM / Apane AtmA ke tIna svarUpoM ko AcArya kundakunda ke samAna hI svIkAra kiyA aura kahA ki dravyadRSTi se AtmA eka hone para bhI paryAyadRSTi se tIna prakAra kA ho jAtA hai - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / zarIra ko hI AtmA samajhanevAle mUr3ha yA bahirAtmA hote haiM / aise mithyAdRSTi puruSoM ko yaha vizvAsa rahatA hai ki maiM gorA hU~ yA zyAmavarNa kA hU~ / maiM sthUla zarIra kA hU~ yA merA zarIra durbala hai / ve brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya Adi vibhinna varNoM kI yathArthatA meM bhI niSThA rakhate haiM 14 kintu jo karma-kalaMka se vimukta ho jAtA hai, satyAsatya vivekI ho jAtA hai, AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAna letA hai, use zarIra aura AtmA kA antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai / AtmA kI yahI avasthA 'paramAtmA' kahalAtI hai / yaha AtmA hI niraMjana deva hai, ziva, brahmA, viSNu hai, eka hI tatva ke ye vibhinna nAma haiM / yogIndu muni ne 'paramAtmA ko hI niraMjanadeva kahA hai / aura niraMjana kauna hai ? isakA varNana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki niraMjana vaha hai, jo varNa, gaMdha, rasa, zabda, sparza se rahita hai, janma-maraNa se pare hai / niraMjana vaha hai, jisameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, mada, mAyA, mAna kA abhAva hai| niraMjana vaha hai, jo krodha, moha, harSa-viSAda Adi bhAvoM se alipta hai 125 yogIndu muni kA yaha niraMjana 'niraMjanamata' kI yAda dilA detA hai / 'niraMjanamata' AThavIM-navI zatAbdI meM bihAra, baMgAla Adi ke kucha jiloM meM kAphI prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM phailA huA thA /
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________________ apabhraMza bhAratI-2 yaha mata 'dharma sampradAya' ke nAma se bhI pukArA jAtA thaa| dharmASTaka nAmaka eka niraMjana stotra meM 'niraMjana' kI ThIka isI prakAra ke zabdoM meM stuti kI gaI hai U~ na sthAna na ca dhAtuvarNaM / na mAna ca caraNAvinda rekha na dRSTiH zrutA na zrutA na zrutistasye namastetu na pIta na rakta na reta na hemasvarUpa na niraMjanAtha // ca varNakarNa / dRSTA OM zvetaM na pIta na candrArkavahni udaya na asta tasmai namaste'stu niraMjanAtha // OM na vRkSa na mUla na bIja na cAkura zAkhA na patra na ca skaMdhapallavaM / na puSpa na gaMdha na phUla na chAyA tasmai namaste'stu niraMjanAtha // OM adhA na UrdhvaM zivo na zaktI nArI na puruSoM na ca liMgamUrtiH / hasta na pAda na rUpa na chAyA tasmai namaste'stu niraMjanAtha // ( dharma pUjA vidhAna pU. 77-78) - - yaha niraMjanadeva hI paramAtmA hai / ise jina, viSNu, buddha aura ziva Adi vibhinna nAmoM se pukArA jAtA hai 1 26 isako prApta karane ke lie bAhyAcAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM / japa, tapa, dhyAna, dhAraNA, tIrthATana Adi vyartha hai / isako to nirmalacitta-vyakti apane meM hI prApta kara letA hai / mAnasarovara meM haMsa ke samAna nirmala mana meM brahma kA vAsa hotA hai / use devAlaya, zilpa athavA citra meM khojanA vyartha hai 127 jaba mana paramezvara se mila jAtA hai aura paramezvara mana se taba pUjA-vidhAna kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM raha jAtI, kyoMki donoM ekAkAra ho jAte haiM. samarasa ho jAte hai| maNu miliyau paramesarahe paramesaru vi maNassa / bIhi va samarasi hUvAha~ pUjja caDAvaU~ kassa // 123 // 103 isa sAmarasya bhAva ke Ane para hara prakAra kA vaiSamya samApta ho jAtA hai, dvaita bhAva kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / vastutaH piNDa meM mana kA, jIvAtmA meM tirobhUta ho jAnA yA ekameka hokara mila jAnA hI yaha sAmarasya hai / isa avasthA ko prApta hone para sAdhaka ko kisI prakAra ke bAhya AcaraNa yA sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI hai / isa prakAra zrI yogIndu muni AThavI-navIM zatAbdI ke anya sAdhakoM ke svara meM svara milAkara brahma ke svarUpa, usakI prApti ke upAya Adi kA mohaka vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| ApakA mahattva isa bAta meM bhI hai ki Apane prAkRta bhASA ko na apanAkara, janasAmAnya meM vyavahRta bhASA ko svIkAra kiyA / isase ApakI udAra manovRtti kA paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| zrI e. ena. upAdhye ne ThIka hI likhA hai ki uccakoTi kI racanAoM meM prayukta kI jAnevAlI saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASA ko chor3akara yogIndu kA usa samaya kI pracalita bhASA apabhraMza ko apanAnA mahattva se khAlI nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se ve mahArASTra ke saMta jJAnadeva, nAmadeva, tukArAma, ekanAtha aura nAmadeva tathA karnATaka ke basabanna Adi sAdhakoM kI koTi meM Ate haiM, kyoMki ve bhI isI prakAra marAThI aura kabra meM apanI anubhUtiyoM ko bar3e garva se vyakta karate haiM " 1. bhAvi paNavivi paMca guru siri- joindu - jiNAu / bhaTTapahAyari viNNaviu vimalu kareviNu bhAu // 8 //
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________________ 104 apabhraMza-bhAratI 2. dekhie - paramAtmaprakAza, pR. 1, 5, 346 Adi / 3. vahI, pR. 57 / 4. paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra, pR. 394 / 5. dekhie, paramAtmaprakAza kI bhUmikA, pR. 57 / 6. madhyakAlIna dharma sAdhanA, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, sAhitya bhavana limiTeDa, ilAhAbAba pra. saMskaraNa, 1952, pR. 44 / 7. dekhie, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja (tRtIya bhAga) kI prastAvanA, pR.3 8. hindI sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa (bhAga-1), pR. 346 / 9. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, kAmatAprasAda jaina, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI,' __ .pharavarI 1947, pR. 54 / 10. paramAtmaprakAza kI bhUmikA, zrI e. ena. upAdhye, pR. 67 / / 11. madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 44 / 12. dohAkoza, mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 4 / 13. hindI kAvyadhArA, mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 57 se 59 taka / 14. dohAkoza, mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 5 / 15. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, nAmavara siMha, pR. 6 / 16. purAnI hindI, candradhara zarmA gulerI, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, pra. saMskaraNa 2005, pR. 130 / 17. (1) paramAtmaprakAza - saMtA visaya ju pariharai bali kijjau~ hau~ tAsu / so daiveNa ji munDiyau sIsu khaDillau jAsu // 139 // hema prAkRta vyAkaraNa - saMtA bhoga ju pariharai tasukantaho bali kIsu / tasa daiveNa vi muNDiyauM jasu khalliDauM sIsu // (2) paramAtmaprakAza - paMcahai NAyaku vasikaraha jeNa hoti vasi aNNa / mUla viNa?i tarUvarahe avasaI sukkahiM paNNa // 140 // hema prA. vyAkaraNa - jibbhindiu nAyagu vasi karahu jasu adhinnai annaha / mUli viNaTThai tuviNihe avase sukkaI paNNaI // X (3) paramAtmaprakAza - bali kiu mANusa-jammaDA deksantahaiM para sAru / jai uTubbhai to kuhai aha ujjhaito chAru // 147 //
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 105 hema prA. vyAkaraNa - Ayaho daTTha kalevaraho jaM vAhiu ta sAru / jai uTThabhai to kuhai aha ujjhai to chAru // 18. apabhraMza sAhitya, DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a, bhAratIya sAhitya mandira, dillI, pR. 268 / 19. dekhie - paramAtmaprakAza kI bhUmikA, pR. 112 / 20. hindI sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa (prathama bhAga), saM. - DaoN. rAjabalI pAMDeya, pR. 346 / 21. dekhie - paramAtmaprakAza kI bhUmikA, pR. 110 / 22. dekhie - sAvayadhammadohA kI bhUmikA, saM. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pra. - kAraMjA jaina sirIja, kAraMjA 1932 / 23. pAhuDadohA, muni rAmasiMha, saM. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pra. - kAraMjA jaina pablikezana sosAiTI, kAraMjA (barAra) 1933 / 24. haI gorau hau~ sAmalau hau~ ji vibhiNNau vaNNu / hau~ taNu-aMgau~ thUlu hau~ ehau~ mUDhau maNNu // 80 // * hau~ varu babhaNu vaisu hau~, hau~ khattiu hau~ sesu / purisu Nau~ sau ityi haI maNNai mUDha visesu // 81 // - paramA. pra. prathama mahA., pR. 86 / jAsu Na vaNNu Na gandhu rasu jAsu Na saTTu Na phAsu / jAsu Na jammaNu maraNu Navi NAu NiraMjaNu tAsu // 19 // jAsu Na kohu Na mohu mau jAsu Na mAya Na mANu / jAsu Na ThANu Na jhANu jiya so ji NiraMjaNu jANu // 20 // atthi Na puNNu Na pAu jasu atthi Na harisu visAu / atyi Na ekku vi dosu jasu so ji NiraMjaNu bhAu // 21 // - paramA. pra. mahA., pR. 27-28 / 26. Nimmalu Nikkalu suddha jiNu viNhu buddha siva santu / so paramappA jiNa-bhaNiu ehau jANi Nibhantu // 1 // - yogasAra, pR. 373 / 27. Niya-maNi Nimmali NANiyaha Nivasai deu aNAi / haMsA saravari lINu jima mahu ehau paDihAi // 122 // deu Na devale Navi silae Navi lippai Navi citti / akhau NiraMjaNu NANamau siu saThiu sama citti // 123 // - paramA. pra. mahA. pR. 123-124 / 28. paramAtmaprakAza kI bhUmikA, pR. 27 / 15.
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________________ 106 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 varisai ghaNohu acchinnadhAru kAlammi kammi mahijaNiyasattu, sihivallaha vAsArattu pattu / pAusasiri-saMtarayabarIya, heTThAmuha-labipaoharIya / ghaNapaDalachaNNatArayavihAi, ullasiyakAsu jaratheri nAI / varisai ghaNoha acchinnadhAru, taruvaradalaghaTTaNatAratAru / girikaDaNi silAyaDe maMdamaMda, halakichattamAlesa saMdu / AlAvaNivajjaho aNuharaMtu, sari-sara-nivANa-dari-daha bharaMtu / paDaNucchalatajalu dharaNi vahai, phalihamayaliMgajaDile va sahai / nisidivasasatta dhArAharu varisai pUriyadharaNiyalu / saMcAru na labbhai salile huu AdaNNau jagu sayalu / phuTTatalAyapAlivahaniggaya, naiuNNAhalaggajalayara gaya / thippira-juNNa-taNNa-kuDilINaI, kaMdiraDibhaI tvnnvihiinniiN| salasalati bhukkhaI saviDaMbaI, nivvavasAyai rodd-kuddbii| nIDanivAsiehiM acchijjai, vAra vAra pakkhihi mucchijjai / - jambUsAmicariu 9.9, 10 - kisI samaya pRthvI meM aneka satvoM ko utpanna karanevAlA zikhi-vallabha varSARtu prApta huA / aMbara meM raja zAnta ho gayA, megha adhomukha hokara AkAza meM laTaka gaye / meghapaTala se tArakagaNa AcchAdita ho gaye aura kAza (nAmaka ghAsa) khUba phUla uThe / uttama vRkSoM ke patroM se saMghaTana karatA huA vArida (megha) samUha girimekhalA aura zilAtaToM para maMda-maMda evaM hala calAI huI kheta-mAlAoM meM khUba ghanA, vINA ke vAdana ke svara kA anusaraNa karatA huA, nadI, tar3Aga, gar3hoM, daroM va dahoM ko bharatA huA avicchinna dhArA se bahane lagA / varSA girane se uchalate hue jala ko dhAraNa karatI huI pRthvI aisI zobhAyamAna ho rahI thI mAno sphaTikamaya liMgoM se jar3a dI gaI ho / sAta rAta-dinoM taka megha nirantara barasatA rahA, usane dharAtala ko jala se pUra diyaa| pAnI ke kAraNa saMcaraNa (mAga) milanA bhI kaThina ho gayA, sArA jaga vyAkula ho gayA / tAlAboM kI pAla phUTa gaI, usase jala kA pravAha baha nikalA / nadI kI bAr3ha meM par3akara jalacara baha gaye / khAdya-padArthoM ke na milane se krandana karate hue bacce galatI huI jIrNa tRNanirmita kuTiyoM meM lIna ho gaye / kuTumbIjana bhUkha se vyAkula hokara salabalAne lage aura vyavasAyahInatA ke kAraNa hairAna ho gaye / pakSI apane nIr3oM meM hI nivAsa karate raha gaye aura mUrchita hone lge| anu., DaoN. vimalaprakAza jaina
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 107 sandeza-rAsaka kAvya-vidhA aura vizleSaNa * DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI 'sandeza-rAsaka' 12vIM zatAbdI kI musalamAna kavi abdula rahamAna kRta dharmetara-sAhitya kI apabhraMza-kAvya kRti hai jisameM kisI bRhat kathA-sUtra ko na saiMjokara loka-jIvana ke aMtasa meM pravahamAna nArI-hRdaya kI viraha-mArmikatA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai / bhAratIya-vAGmaya ke praNaya-kAvyoM meM viraha-nirUpaNa kAvya kI viziSTa vibhUti rahA hai / kAraNa, isake sahAre jahA~ ina kAvyoM meM pUrNatA aura samagratA kA samAveza hotA hai, vahA~ kavi-kalpanA bhI isakI gaharAI meM paiThakara adbhuta bhAva-ratna khoja lAtI hai / saMyoga kI sukhada-sneha-saMyukta ghar3iyoM ke uparAMta viyoga kI kSaNika kintu asahya sthiti meM atIta-smRtiyoM aura punarsayoga kI AzA hI viraha-jarjara-hRdaya ko bA~dhe rahatI hai - 'AzAbandhaH kusumasadRzaM nAyazo hAMganAnAM sadyaH pAti praNayi hRdayaM viprayoge ruNaddhi' - meghadUta, 10, (pUrva megha) / kintu, milana ke pala jyoM-jyoM samIpa Ane lagate haiM, saMyoga kI utkaTa lAlasA tayA prakRti dvArA bhAvoM ke uddIpana se praNayI-pAtroM kI AturatA atIva balavatI ho jAtI hai / isa avasthA meM hI virahI mana apane kisI aMtaraMga mAnava yA mAnavetara jIva ke nikaTa jAkara marma-vedanA ko, priya se nivedana karane ke lie vyakta karane lagatA hai athavA jar3a-prakRti para hI cetana kA Aropa kara usase nija pIr3A-vyathA kahane lagatA hai / kAvya meM viraha-varNana kI ye donoM hI zailiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM / loka-pracalita grAma-gItoM meM bhI bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kA yaha saundarya unakI anUThI nidhi hai / prAcIna kAla meM jaba puruSa arthArjana-hetu paradeza jAte the aura nizcita avadhi ke bAda nahIM lauTa pAte the, taba grAma-vadhue~ una nagaroM ko jAnevAle rAhagIroM ke hAtha priyatama ke lie sandeza-preSaNa karatI thIM / prastuta rAsaka meM isakA spaSTa saMketa hai jo isake loka-saMsparza kA paricAyaka hai|
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________________ 108 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 apabhraMza ke pUrvavartI aura paravartI sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke viraha-kAvyoM kI paramparA, kahIM sphuTa aura kahIM prabandha-rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai / yathA, udayana-kRta 'mayUra-sandeza'; vAsudeva-kRta 'bhRga-sandeza'; vAmanabhaTTa vANa-kRta 'haMsa-dUta'; viSNugAta-racita 'koka-sandeza' tathA kAlidAsa-kRta 'meghadUta' Adi / kintu, ina sabhI meM puruSa-viraha kI pradhAnatA hai / para, prAkRta meM likhe dhoyIka ke 'pavana-dUta' meM sandeza-preSaNa nAyikA hI karatI hai aura 'sandeza-rAsaka' meM bhI nArI-viraha hI mUla pratipAdya hai / paravartI-sAhitya meM bhI nArI kI hI pramukhatA rahI hai / vastutaH, viraha-citraNa meM sandeza-preSaNa kAvya kI cira-purAtana rUr3hi rahA hai| parantu, acetana-vastu ko prema-prasaMga meM dautya-karma ke lie bhejakara tathA praNaya meM gAr3ha utkaMThAtireka kI sadya abhivyakti karake kAlidAsa ne apane 'meghadUta' meM jisa maulika pratibhA evaM kalA-kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha vizva-sAhitya meM bejor3a hai / isameM dhanapati kubera ke abhizApa se nirvAsita virahI yakSa apanI preyasI ke pAsa manovyathA kA viraha-sandeza lekara megha ko bhejatA hai; jabaki 'sandeza-rAsaka' meM virahiNI eka pathika se apanI viraha-janya sthiti kA nirUpaNa karatI hai / yahA~ sandeza-vAhaka meM acetana tathA cetana-rUpa kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa kavi ke bhAva-saMvedana kI anubhUti kA stara hai / phira, kAlidAsa ko prakRti ke manohara rUpa-citroM kI citrapaTI bhI taiyAra karanI thI, jisake lie unheM megha se hI dUtakArya lenA par3A / phalataH, unakI svacchaMda kalpanA ko prakRti ke vistRta prAMgaNa meM unmukta paMkha phailAne ko prabhUta sthAna prApta ho sakA / vastutaH bAhya-prakRti kA manahara vAtAvaraNa hI sampUrNa meghadUta kA AdhAra-bindu hai / kintu, rAsakakAra ke samakSa isa prakAra kA koI dheya nahIM rahA hai| vaha to lokAnubhUta satya ke AdhAra para hI apanI bhAva-garimA ko kAvya meM gUMtha denA cAhatA hai| tabhI to dautya-karma-hetu cetana pathika ko liyA hai jo svayaM bhAva kI taralatA aura gaMbhIratA-gaharAI ko samajhatA hai / isI se yahA~ na kahIM kalpanA kI durUhatA hai aura na Atizayya / atha ca bhAvoM kA talasparzI saujanya aura sahaja grAhyatA hI Adyanta isakA saundarya hai| atha se iti taka bhAvAtmaka pariveza hI isakI vibhUti hai / sandeza-kAvya kI saphalatA kA AdhAra sandeza-vAhaka dvArA pahu~cane para viraha ke mArmika nirUpaNa meM hai / yahI kavitA-prasphuTita hokara sahRdaya ko Atma-vibhora karatI hai| 'meghadUta' meM megha alakApurI paha~cakara abhizApita yakSa kI viraha-sthiti kA bar3A hI marmasparzI citra prastuta karatA hai / 'bIsaladeva-rAsa' meM sandeza-vAhaka paNDita ur3IsA pahu~cakara rAjA se viraha-vidhurA rAnI rAjamatI kI pIr3A kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / hindI ke kRSNa-bhakti- kAvya meM braja se lauTakara uddhava zrIkRSNa ko gopAMganAoM kI sthiti kA paricaya karAte haiM / 'pRthvIrAja-rAsau' meM zuka dvArA padmAvatI ke viraha-sandeza ko prApta kara pRthvIrAja vihvala ho uThatA hai / isa dRSTi se 'sandeza-rAsaka' ko saphala tathA pUrNa 'sandeza-kAvya' nahIM kahA jA sakatA / hA~, isake nAma se avazya vyavadhAna prastuta hotA hai / isa sandarbha meM itanA hI nivedana hai ki isakA 'saMdeza' zabda rAsakakAra ne nizcaya hI apane pUrvavartI praNaya-kAvyoM se grahaNa kiyA hai, tAki pAThaka ko camatkRta kiyA jA sake / yahA~ jyoMhI virahiNI pathika ko sandeza dekara vidA karatI hai, use apanA pati dakSiNa-dizA se AtA huA dIkha par3atA hai| isa nATakIya aMta se sandeza-preSaNa kI dravaNazIlatA kA mUlya ekadama miTa jAtA hai / sahRdaya pAThaka viraha ke vimugdha vAtAvaraNa meM nimagna rahakara akasmAt mUla bhAva-sUtra ke vicchinna ho jAne se cakita ho jAtA hai aura isase rasAnubhUti meM kiMcit bAdhA bhI utpanna hotI hai / astu, ise 'meghadUta' ke DhaMga kA 'sandeza-kAvya' yA 'dUta-kAvya' nahIM kahA jA sakatA / gIti-kAvya kI bhAvAtmakatA, unmukta pratibhA tathA kalpanA-cAturI kA lAlitya avazya rAsakakAra kI kAvya-nidhi hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 109 jaina-muniyoM dvArA praNIta apabhraMza kA vipula rAsa-sAhitya kAvya-rUpa ke mUla utsa kI dRSTi se vizuddha loka-nRtya meM geyAMza ke milane para geya rUpaka kI zreNI ke anaMtara kAlAMtara meM pAThya hotA gayA / kintu, 12vIM sadI meM aitihAsika itivRttoM tathA loka-gItAtmaka viSayoM ko lekara bhI rAsa-kRtiyoM kI racanA huI / zailI kI dRSTi se isake do rUpa ho gaye - eka, rAsa yA -zailI aura dUsarI rAsaka-zailI / eka, zAstrIya-patha kA anukaraNa karatI huI bhI, apane paravartI vikAsa meM vividha kAvya-paddhatiyoM kA samAhAra kara satata vikAsazIla rahakara, svataMtra kAvya-rUpa ko prazasta kara sakI hai; jabaki dUsarI lokonmukha hI apekSAkRta adhika rahI hai / loka-gItoM kI madhuratA tathA bhAva-vyaMjanA yahA~ sahRdaya ko jhaMkRta karatI rahatI hai / apane svataMtra kAvya-rUpa ke nirdhAraNa meM yaha kisI prabhAva kI RNI nahIM / isameM kathA kA kSINa AdhAra loka-jIvana kI mAdhurI kA hI pariNAma hai / lagatA hai jaise rAsakakAra apanI rAsaka-paramparA ko rAsa yA rAso-paramparA se bhinna banAye rakhane ke lie satata jAgarUka hai / usake pratipAdya kA cayana isa tathya kA paricAyaka hai| phira bhI, isa navya kAvya-vidhA para prAkRta ke 'amaruka-zataka', 'gAhA-saptasaI', 'AryA-saptasaI tathA hemacandrAcArya ke vyAkaraNa meM saMgrahIta katipaya muktakoM kI vyaMjanA-paddhati kA lokasparzI prabhAva avazya avalokanIya hai / kintu, isa sadI ke uparAMta prastuta kAvya-paramparA kA vikAsa avaruddha huA hI milatA hai / 'sandeza-rAsaka' ke bAda aisI anya kRti adyatana upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai / bahuta saMbhava hai, loka-vANI kA pratinidhitva karatI huI yaha maukhika rUpa meM jIvita rahI ho| sAhitya meM kAvya-rUpa kI paramparA anukUla paristhitiyoM meM punarvikasita hotI hai, pUrNataH usakA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotA / vinyAsa kI dRSTi se bhI rAsaka-kAvya-rUpa, rAsa yA rAso-kAvya se prAyaH bhinna hai / kAvya-praNayana meM prArambha tathA aMta kI katipaya kAvyagata rUr3hiyA~ donoM para pUrvavartI kAvyoM ke prabhAva kI hI dyotaka haiM / prArambha meM Iza-vandanA athavA AzIrvAdAtmaka zabdoM kA prayoga aura anta meM phala-prApti kA saketa bhAratIya kAvya-praNayana kI aisI hI purAtana rUr3hiyA~ haiM - prArambha - rayaNAyara giritaruvarAI gayaNaMgaNami rikkhAI / jeNajja sayala siriya so bahayaNa vo siva deu // 1 // anta - jema acitiu kajju tasa siddha khaNaddhi mahaMtu / tema paThata suNatayaha jayau aNAi aNatu // 223 // - saMdeza-rAsaka, saMpA. AcArya dvivedI evaM tripAThI prArambha - risaha jiNesara paya paNamevI, sarasati sAmiNi mani samarevI, namavi niraMtara guru calaNA // 1 // anta - jo paDhai e vasaha vadIta, so naro nitu nava nihi lahaie // 203 // - bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa x prArambha - vIra jiNesara caraNa kamala kamalA kayavAso, paNabhavi pabhaNisu sAmi sAla goyama guru rAso // 2 // anta - eha rAsa je bhaNe bhaNAve, vara sayagala lacchI ghara Ave, mana vachita AzA phale e // 62 // - gautama svAmIrAsa
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________________ 110 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 sadeza-rAsaka kA kavi to ina rUr3hiyoM se bhI Age bar3hakara sabake kalyANa kI maMgala-kAmanA karatA huA, apanI maulikatA kA paricaya pAThakoM ko saMbodhana karake detA hai - 'he naagrjno| usa kAra ko namaskAra karo jo manuSyoM, devatAoM, vidyAdharoM aura AkAza-mArga para calanevAle sUrya-caMdra-bimboM tathA anyoM dvArA namaskRta hotA hai / punaH apanA Atma-paricaya dete samaya bhI vaha na apanI hInatA kA pradarzana karatA hai aura na svayaM ko kisI kA anusaraNakartA hI kahatA taha taNao kulakamalo pAiyakavvesu gIyavisayesu / addahamANapasiddho saneharAsayaM raiyaM // varNya-vibhAjana meM bhI rAsakakAra kI tIna 'prakramoM kI yojanA apanI nijI hai aura laghukAya varNya ko pUrNatA ke utkarSa taka le jAne meM usane kalA-cAturI kA paricaya diyA hai| vIra-gItoM (baileDsa) kI bhA~ti loka-praNaya-gItoM ko bhI do koTiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - muktaka loka-praNaya-gIta, jo kalevara meM laghukAya kintu rasAnubhUti meM pUrNataH sakSama hote haiM; kisI kathA kA zrRMkhalAbaddha tAratamya inameM nahIM hotA aura dUsare, prabandhAtmaka lok-prnny-giit| yahA~ prabaMdhAtmakatA ke do pradhAna pahalU kahe jA sakate haiM - eka, jisameM kathA-bhAga pramukha rahatA hai aura dvitIya, jisameM kathA nAmamAtra ko rahatI hai kintu zrRMgAra-rasa ke kisI eka bhAva kI tIvratA AdyaMta banI rahatI hai / eka meM jahA~ varNanAtmakatA rahatI hai, vahA~ dvitIya meM bhAva-garimA kA AkarSaNa kRti ko prANatva pradAna karatA hai / prastuta rAsaka ko hama isI dvitIya koTi meM rakhate haiM / prathama ke antargata rAjasthAna ke suprasiddha loka-gIta 'DholA-mArU-rA-dUhA ko rakhA jA sakatA hai tathA narapati-nAlha ke 'bIsaladeva-rAsa' ko ina donoM ke madhya kI kar3I kahA jA sakatA hai / usameM varNanAtmakatA ke sAtha viraha-bhAva kI gaharAI bhI draSTavya hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki rAsakakAra kA yaha varNya-vibhAjana kathA-tattva ke abhAva meM bhI maulika evaM usake viziSTa abhiprAya kA pratipAdaka hai / nizcaya hI vaha apane varNya ko prabandha-rUpa pradAna karane ke lie sajaga hai / tabhI to usane 'meghadUta' ke samAna pUrva evaM uttara-megha kI kalpanA na karake kula tIna prakramoM kA saMdhAna kiyA hai jo usake pratipAdya kI dRSTi se nitAMta pUrNa haiN| sAtha hI, pUrvavartI prabandha-paTutA ko bhI vaha nahIM bhulA pAyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'meghadUta' jahA~ khaNDa-kAvya kI koTi meM hI AtA hai vahA~ 'sandeza-rAsaka' eka saphala loka-gItAtmaka prabandha-kAvya hI hai / yoM usake chandoM se muktaka-kAvya kA bhI Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usakI garimA kA saujanya isa prabandhatva meM hI hai / usameM varNya viraha-bhAva ke vikAsa kI eka zrRMkhalA hai aura yahI prabandhatva kI saphala-sabala kasauTI hai / ataH ise 'muktaka' yA 'kSINadhama kahanA aucityapUrNa nahIM / prabandha-praNayana kI yaha paramparA rAsakakAra ko apane pUrvavartI sAhitya se virAsata ke rUpa meM prApta huI / kintu, yuga-cetA kavi apanI maulika pratibhA tathA bhavyasRSTi kA sahaja paricaya detA huA, pUrva paramparA ko gatizIla banAtA hai / yahA~ na to saMskRta-prabandhoM kI bhA~ti ATha yA adhika sarga haiM aura na apabhraMza-sadRza kar3avaka tathA saMdhiyoM kI yojanA / balki, 223 chanda kA yaha rAsaka-kAvya tIna prakramoM meM vibhakta hai / astu, rAsa yA rAsau kAvya-vidhA ke vikAsa meM isake mUlyavAna mahattva aura yogadAna ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / prathama prakrama meM rAsakakAra apanI pUrvavartI prabaMdha-praNayana kI paramparA ke nirvAha hetu sabhI kavi evaM vidagdhoM ke prati zraddhA prakaTa karatA huA, apanI kavitA ke saMbaMdha meM gahana AsthA vyakta karatA
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 111 hai - 'yadi sUrya ke udita hone para nalinI vimala sarovara meM khilatI hai, to kyA bAr3I meM lagI huI tUMbI yA laukI na phUle ? xxxx jisake pAsa jitanI kAvya-zakti hai, usako usI ke anusAra niHsaMkoca hokara kavitA karanI cAhie / caturmukha ne kavitA kI to kyA anya kavi kavitA na kareM ?" isI prakAra kI bhAva-vyaMjanA 'upadeza rasAyana-rAsa' meM bhI darzanIya hai - yadi phUla mUlya dekara prApta ho sakate ho to kyA kue~ ke samIpa vATikA nahIM lagAI jA sakatI - jai kira phullai labbhai mulliNa to bADiya na karahi sahu kUviNa // 28 // 10 kintu, 'pRthvIrAja-rAso'11 meM isa prakAra kI aneka uktiyA~ avalokanIya haiM / isase bhI Age bar3hakara rAsakakAra apane pAThakoM kI ora saketa karake kahatA hai - 'paNDitajana kA kukavitA se saMbaMdha nahIM rahatA aura abudha-janoM kA prabudhatva ke kAraNa praveza hI nahIM hotaa| ataH jo na mUrkha haiM na paNDita haiM balki madhyama koTi ke haiM, unake sAmane ise sarvadA par3hanA - Nahu rahai buhaha kukuvitta resu, abuhattaNi abuhaha Nahu pavesu / jiNa mukkha Na paNDiya majjhayAra, tiha purau paDhibbau savvavAra // 2 yaha bhAva nisadeha rAsakakAra ke lokavAdI dRSTikoNa kA hI poSaka hai / isake pratipAdya kA saketa bhI loka-bhAva-bhUmi ko hI spaSTa karatA hai - 'yaha anurAgiyoM kA ratigRha, kAmiyoM kA mana haranevAlA, madana ke mAhAtmya ko prakAzita karanevAlA, virahiNiyoM ke lie makaradhvaja aura rasikoM ke lie vizuddha rasa saMjIvaka hai - aNurAiya, raiharu kAmiyamaNaharu, mayaNa mahappaha dIvayaro / virahiNimairaddhau suNahu visuddhau, rasiyaha rasasajIvayaro // 3 dvitIya prakrama meM virahiNI ke rUpa kA manohArI zabda-citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai (cha. 24-25) aura bIca meM hI mArga se jAte pathika kI avatAraNAkara kavi rAsaka ke vivecya ko gati pradAna karatA hai / yaha nATakIya prArambha rasa kI dRSTi se atIva AkarSaka bana par3A hai / proSita-patikA bar3I utAvalI se usake pAsa taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa karatI hai - dekhie, antara-bAhya kA kaisA anUThA sAmya hai, citraNa kI manovaijJAnitA aura gatizIlatA yahA~ dekhe hI banatI hai - taha maNahara callatiya cacalaramaNabhari, chuDavi khisiya rasaNAvali kikiNarava pasari // 26 // ta ja mehala Thavai gaThi NiThura suhaya, tuDiya tAva thUlAvali NavasarahAralaya / sA tivi kivi saMvarivi caivi kivi saMcariya, Nevara caraNa vilaggiva taha pahi pakhuDiya // 27 // paDi uTThiya savilakkha salajjira saMjhasiya, ta siya saccha NiyasaNa muddhaha vivalasiya / ta savari aNusariya pahiyapAvayaNamaNa, phuDavi Nitta kuppAsa vilaggiya dara sihaNa // 28 // 14
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________________ 112 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 ____ aura 'ThAhi ThAhi Nimisaddha suthiru avahAri maNu, NisuNi kiMpi jaM japau~ pahiya pasijji khaNu, (cha. 30) kahakara use rokatI hai / kintu, pathika usa mugdhA ke rUpa ko dekhakara khar3A raha jAtA hai / basa, yahIM rAsakakAra ko usake mukha se nakha-zikha-varNana kA sundara suyoga mila jAtA hai (cha. 32-39) / tathA nAyikA dvArA usakA paricaya prApta karane para vaha kuzala citerA nagara-varNana (cha. 42-64) kA avasara khoja nikAlatA hai aura isa prakAra rAsaka kA varNya Age bar3hatA jAtA hai / tadupari, jaba vaha khaMbhAta jAne kI kahatA hai (cha. 65), tabhI vaha virahiNI AgrahapUrvaka evaM azrupravAha se mauna dhAraNakara use abhibhUta kara detI hai aura bhAvuka pathika paga bar3hAkara bhI jaise acala ho jAtA hai / kSaNoparAMta usa kanakAgi kA avaruddha dhairya-bA~dha saMdeza-preSaNa ke rUpa meM phaTa nikalatA hai / jyoM-jyoM vaha apanI viraha-dazA kA nirUpaNa karatI hai, pathika dravita hotA jAtA hai / kintu, vilamba hotA dekhakara jaba-jaba gamana kI icchA vyakta karatA hai, taba-taba vaha kabhI do gAthA par3hakara aura kabhI vatthu yA Domilaka kahatI huI apane sandeza ko vistAra detI jAtI hai / isa prakAra pathika kI parikalpanA se jahA~ kAvya meM bhAva kI gaharAI A gaI hai vahA~ paraspara madhura saMvAdoM se varNya ko vistAra evaM gati milatI calI hai / yahIM rAsakakAra kI zailI aura maulikatA meM vaiziSTya ApUrita ho gayA hai / pAThaka kisI eka gAthA yA dUhA ko hI par3hakara nahIM raha jAtA pratyuta AdyaMta usakA pArAyaNakara rasasikta hotA hai / prabandhatva kI yaha vizeSatA aura garimA hai| viraha-nirUpaNa kI yaha zailI rAsaka ko prabaMdhatva pradAna karane meM samUce apabhraMza-sAhitya meM anUThI, akelI aura bejor3a hai| viraha-citraNa meM rAsakakAra ne jahA~ sAhitya ke paramparita anuSThAna kA prazraya liyA hai, vahA~ nita-navIna udbhAvanAe~ bhI usake kAvya kI akSuNNa nidhi haiM / kabhI vaha virahiNI virahAgni ko bar3avAnala se utpanna huA batAkara, sthUla A~suoM se sikta hote rahane para bhI, tIvratA se jalate rahane kI kahatI hai (cha.89) aura kabhI ghanIbhUta pIr3A meM 'manodUta' ko priya ke pAsa bhejane kI bhAvanA vyakta karatI hai tathA upAlaMbha detI hai ki na priya AyA aura na manodUta; vaha bhI vahIM rama gayA (cha. 199)15 / sacamuca, manodUta kI madhura parikalpanA rAsaka ke kavi kI anUThI sUjha hai / yahI nahIM, aneka laukika-rItiyoM tathA saMsparzoM kA saMpuTa dekara isake praNetA ne viraha- Akalana meM adbhuta utkarSa evaM kAvyatva ur3ela diyA hai / aise hI prasaMga aura sthala isakI lokonmukhI pravRtti ke paricAyaka haiM / laukika dAmpatya-jIvana meM upAlaMbhoM kA viziSTa mAdhurya tathA AkarSaNa hotA hai / grAmINa-jIvana meM inake marma kI mahimA sacamuca atulanIya hai / saMyoga meM jahA~ inameM eka kRtrimatA kintu sneha kI AturI chipI rahatI hai vahA~ viyoga ke kSaNoM meM khIjhabharI-praNaya kI sAtvikatA inakI vibhUti banatI hai - garuau parihasu kina sahau pai paurisunilae Na / jihi agihi tUM vilasayau te daddhA viraheNa // 16 arthAt 'pauruSa-nilaya / tumhAre rahate hue kyA maiM gurutara parihAsa nahIM saha rahI hU~ ki jina aMgoM se tumane vilAsa kiyA thA, unheM viraha ne jalA diyA' / eka anya upAlaMbha meM virahiNI ne priya ko 'nizAcara' kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai / yaha zabda atIva sArthaka tathA vyaMjaka hai / kintu, isakA bhAva-saundarya taba aura bar3ha jAtA hai jaba vaha svayaM ko bhI 'nizAcarI kahatI hai| viraha-janya sthiti meM rUpa tathA saMbaMdha-sAmya ke lie kaisI sArthaka zabda-yojanA rAsaka ke kavi ne prastuta kI hai - 'mere teja kA hrAsa ho gayA hai, aMga pha~sa gaye haiM, keza chiTake haiM; mukha-maNDala phIkA par3a gayA hai. gati skhalita aura viparIta ho gaI hai, kuMkuma aura svarNa ke samAna deha kI
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 113 kAMti kAlI ho gaI hai / he nizAcara / tumhAre viraha meM maiM mugdhA nizAcarI ho gaI hU~ (cha. 87) / viraha kI tIvratA meM anya aise zabdoM - kApAlika (cha.86), dhRSTa (cha. 139), mUrkha, khala, pApI (chaM. 191) kA virahiNI ke mukha se prayoga karAkara rAsakakAra ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki usake kAvya kI mUla bhitti grAmINa loka-jIvana hI hai / punazcaH, loka-jIvana meM tyohAroM kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai / pravAsI-pati ke Agamana kI pratIkSA meM AgamapatikAe~ ina kSaNoM nirantara bATa johatI rahatI haiM, aMtaHkaraNa meM pratipala AzA kA saMcAra hotA rahatA hai / sacamuca, pathikoM kI vanitAe~ AzA ke bala para hI jIvita rahatI haiM - 'pathika vanitAH pratyayAdAzvasantyaH' / lekina, AzA ke phalIbhUta na hone para ina tyohAroM meM usake lie koI AkarSaNa nahIM raha jAtA / zarad-Rtu meM divAlI ke jhilamila avasara para loka-jIvana kI prasannatA kisa prakAra virahiNI kI asahya vedanA kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai, nimna paktiyoM meM dekhie - 'acchara ghari-ghari gIu khannau, ikku samaggu kaTTha mahu dinnau'-(chanda 175-180) / divAlI kI rAta meM kAjala lagAne kI loka-pracalita rIti kA bhI 'mahiliya diti salAiya akkhihI kahakara yahA~ saketa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra gharoM meM cauka parane kA bhI ullekha haA hai - 'ghari-ghari raMmiyai reha palasthihi' (cha. 175) / basaMta meM caturthI ko apane bichaune para leTanA loka meM priya-sahavAsa kA dyotaka kahA jAtA hai (cha. 195) tathA pAvasa ke pazcAt agastya RSi (nakSatra vizeSa) ke dakSiNa-dizA meM jAne para loga zaradAgamana kA anumAna lagAte haiM (cha. 159) / inake atirikta kahIM prasthAna karate samaya kisI kA rudana karanA loka meM azubha mAnA jAtA hai| tabhI to pathika jAte samaya ro-rokara usake amaMgala na karane kI kahatA hai - 'pahiu bhaNai pahi jaMta amaMgalu maha ma kari' (109) / isa prakAra aneka loka-pracalita rUr3hiyoM ke prayoga se rAsaka ke kAvya-rUpa meM naisargika mAdhurya kA srota phUTa nikalA hai / dvitIya prakrama ke aMta meM jaba pathika virahiNI se usake virahAraMbha kI pUchatA hai, taba vaha grISma Rtu ko kosane lagatI hai (129) / phira to use eka-eka karake SaTRtu-varNana kA suyoga mila jAtA hai / yaha SaTRtu-varNana tRtIya prakrama meM nirUpita hai / jisa prakAra, loka-gItoM meM bArahamAsA viraha kI mArmikatA ko bar3hA detA hai, usI prakAra ziSTa zrRMgAraparaka kAvyoM meM SaTRtu-varNana prasiddha kAvya-rUr3hi rahA hai / bhAvoddIpana ke lie hI isakI sRSTi kI jAtI hai / 'DholA-mArU-rA-dUhA' ke sAtha isakA sAmya darzanIya hai / donoM meM isakA prArambha grISma Rtu se hotA hai tathA pathika-virahiNI ke paraspara saMvAda kI taraha DholA-mAlavaNI ke kathopakathanoM ke rUpa meM hI varNita hai / DholA dvArA mAravaNI se milane kI abhilASA vyakta karane para mAlavaNI kSubdha hokara use rokane ke lie usa Rtu kI bhayaMkaratA kA varNana karatI hai aura isa prakAra kramazaH sabhI RtuoM ke varNana kA avasara mila jAtA hai|17 pRthvIrAja-rAsau ke 25veM tathA 62veM samayoM meM yaha isI rUpa meM avalokanIya hai|| kintu, 'sadeza-rAsaka' meM virahiNI ke hRdagat bhAvoM kI vyaMjanA adhika mArmika evaM anUThI bana par3I hai / rAsakakAra kI zailI ne isameM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiM / tabhI na, prasthAna kI AturI meM paga bar3hA-bar3hAkara bhI pathika Thahara jAtA hai| yoM bAhya prakRti ke kriyA-kalApa kA Akalana yahA~ bhI huA hai; kintu prastuta paristhiti meM pAtra kI AMtarika sthiti ke sAtha usake sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya se nirUpaNa meM tIvratA kA samAveza ho gayA hai / 'sadeza-rAsaka' kA kavi bAhya vastuoM kI saMpUrNa citra-yojanA isa kauzala se karatA hai ki usase virahiNI ke vyathA-kAtara sahAnubhUti-saMpanna komala hRdaya kI marma-vedanA hI mukhara ho uThatI hai / varNana cAhe jisa dRzya kA ho, vyaMjanA hRdaya kI komalatA aura marma-vedanA kI hI hotI hai / " zarad-Rtu kA varNana kitanA marmabhedI hai - 'AkAza meM bAdala vidIrNa hokara cale gaye / rAtri meM manohara tAre dikhalAI par3ane lage / xxxx nava
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________________ 114 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 sarovaroM kI jo zobhA grISma-dvArA hara lI gaI thI vaha nava zaradAgamana se phira lauTa AyI / xxxx rAtri meM zazi-jyotsnA ne dhavala gRhoM ko suzobhita kara diyA / ... maiM rati se vacita, priya se zUnya zaiyA para leTatI huI hata zarad kI rAtri ko, jo yamarAja ke prahAra ke sadRza ghAtaka hai, bitAtI hU~ / jina nAriyoM ke ramate hue kaMta sAtha haiM, una bhramaNa karatI huI striyoM se sarovara ke taTa zobhita haiM / xxxx koI puNyavatI keli karatI hai aura maiM rote hae udvignatApUrvaka rAta bitAtI hU~ / ghara-ghara ramaNIya gIta hote haiM / sArA duHkha akele mujhe hI de diyA hai (chnd-160-180)| isa prakAra rAsakakAra ne prakRti-citraNa meM na to 'DholA-mArU-rA-dahA ke samAna praNaya-kSetra meM bhaya kI avatAraNA kI hai aura na 'pRthvIrAja-rAsau sadRza paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| pratyuta apane varNya ke anurUpa sadA loka-dharAtala para khar3e rahakara use aura adhika hRdayagrAhI banA diyA hai / usakI bhAva-pravaNatA aura maulikatA prazaMsanIya hai / SaTRtu-varNana ke uparAMta jyoM hI vaha virahiNI pathika ko AzISa dekara vidA karatI hai (cha. 222), dakSiNa-dizA se use apanA pati AtA huA dIkha par3atA hai (cha. 223) / akasmAt viraha kA sampUrNa raMgamaMca milana ke harSAtireka meM pariNata ho jAtA hai aura yahIM rAsakakAra apane pAThakoM ko AzIrvAda. dekara prastuta prabandha kI itizrI karatA hai / jisa prakAra isakA prArambha nATakIya DhaMga se hotA hai, usI bhA~ti aMta bhI bar3A AkarSaka bana par3A hai / bhale hI, sukhAntatA rAsaka-kAvyarUpa kI apanI vizeSatA ho, lekina isa prakAra ke Adyanta se isakA rUpa vilakSaNa tathA atulanIya bana gayA hai / astu, loka-gItAtmaka yaha prabandha bhAvAnubhUti kI sauMdhI-sugaMdha aura rUpa-zilpa tathA banAvaTa aura bunAvaTa donoM dRSTiyoM se jahA~ apabhraMza-sAhitya kI madhuratama rasa-vallarI hai, vahA~ paravartI hindI-sAhitya ke lie anUThA avadAna hai / 1. tuha virahapaharasaMcUriAIM vihaDati jaM na aMgAI / taM ajja-kalla-saMghaDaNa-Asahe NAha taggati // 72 // dvi. prakrama, pR. 19 / . - saMdeza-rAsaka, saMpA.-hajArIprasAda dvivedI evaM vizvanAtha tripAThI 2. 'atyalohi akayatthi ikalliya milhiyA' - cha. 92 pR. 23, dvi. prakrama / ___ 'maha haha ki vi duggu vaNijjai Nibbhaya' - cha. 208, pR. 52, tRtIya prakrama / 3. draSTavya - 'madhumatI', rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI, udayapura, pR. 8-19 / 4. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, prakA. nA. pra. sabhA kAzI, pR. 62, 82 / 5. vahI, pR. 138, 144 / 6. mANussadivvavijjAharehiM Nahamaggi sUra-sasibibe / ___ AehiM jo Namijjai ta Nayare Namaha kattAraM // 2 // sandeza rAsaka, pR. 3 / 7. sandeza-rAsaka, saMpAdaka-AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI tathA vizvanAtha tripAThI, prathama prakrama, chaM. 4, pR. 3 / 8. hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. dayAnaMda zrIvAstava, pR. 79 / 9. puvvacchayANa Namo sukaINa ya saddasatthakusalANa / tiyaloe succhaMda jehiM kayaM jehi Ni4i // 5 //
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________________ pabhraMza-bhAratI-2 115 jai saravaraMbhi vimale sUre uiesu viasiA naliNI / tA kiM vADivilaggA mA viasau tubiNI kahavi // 14 // jA sassa kabba sattI sA teNa alajjireNa bhaNiyavvA / jai caumuheNa bhaNiyaM tA sesA mA bhaNijjaMtu // 17 // - sadeza-rAsaka, saMpA.-ha. pra. dvivedI evaM tripAThI, pR. 3, 5 / 10. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pra. sa. kAzI, pR. 7 / 11. paya sakkarI subhattau / ekattau kanaya rAya bhoyasI / karakaMsI gujjarIya / ibbariyaM naiva jIvati // 43|| rabbIrayaM rasa mada / vayUM pujjati sAdha abhiyena // ukati jukattiya graMtha / nathi katya kavi katthiya tena // 45 // yAte basaMta mAse / kokila jhaMkAra aba bana karayaM // bara vabbUra viraSa / kapotayaM naiva jhalakati // 47 // - pRthvIrAja rAso, sabhA. Adi samaya, pR. 18 / 12. saMdeza-rAsaka, prathama prakrama, cha. 21, pR. 6 / 13. vahI, chaMda 22, pR. 6 / 14. saMdeza-rAsaka, saMpA. ha. pra. dvivedI tathA vi. nA. tripAThI, dvitIya prakrama, pR. 1 / 15. saMdeza-rAsaka, saMpA. ha. pra. dvivedI evaM vi. nA. tripAThI, tRtIya prakrama, pR. 49 / 16. vahI, dvitIya prakrama, cha. 77, pR. 20 / 17. DholA - pagi-pagi pauNI pathasira, Upari aMbara-chA~ha / pAvasa pragaTyau padamiNI, kahauta pUgala jauha // 244 // mAlavaNI - jiNa ruti bahu pAvasa jharai, bAgha banahiM bolata / tiNa ruti sAhiba ballahA, ko maMdira melhaMta // 247 // - DholA-mArU-rA-dUhA (pArIkha evaM na. svAmI) sabhA, pR. 77-78 / 18. pRthvIrAja-rAsI, nA. pra. sabhA, kAzI, 61vA~ samaya, pR. 1578, 1582 / 19. hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 91 /
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________________ 116 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 apabhraMza bhAratI (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAeM 1. patrikA sAmAnyataH varSa meM do bAra prakAzita hogI / 2. patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusaMdhAna sambandhI maulika aprakAzita racanAoM ko hI sthAna milegA / 3. racanAeM jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAyaH usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jaaygaa| svabhAvataH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogaa| 4. yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata ho| 5. racanAeM kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 seM. mI. kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI cAhie / 6. racanAeM bhejane evaM anya saba prakAra ke patra-vyavahAra ke lie patA - sampAdaka apabhraMza bhAratI digambara jaina nasiyA bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa jayapura-302004
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 'kIrtilatA' meM yuyutsA kA varNana * DaoN. vI. DI. hegaDe 117 vidyApati kI vANI vINApANi vAgdevI kA zAzvata AbharaNa hai / kamanIya kAvya ke samasta lakSaNa unakI kavitA meM apanA astitva dhAraNa kiye hue haiM / komalakAnta padAvalI se vibhUSita gItoM ke rasa meM pagA pAThaka bArambAra smaraNa karatA hai ki "vidyApati ke gItoM ne tatkAlIna janatA ke mriyamANa mana ko jIne kI tAkata dI, unhoMne jIvana ke tAz2e svaroM ko pahacAnA aura unheM apanI madhurA bhAva - dhArA meM pakhArakara divyatA pradAna kI / " gItakAra se paricita pAThaka eka bAra isa bAta para vizvAsa bhI na kara sakegA ki 'kIrtilatA' gItakAra vidyApati kI lekhanI se hI prasUta hai / vidyApati kA bhAvuka kavi kIrtilatA meM yathArtha ke dharAtala para utarakara AzaMkita hotA hai ki cAhe durjana isa kAvya kA parihAsa kyoM na kareM, kAvya-kalA ke pArakhI isakI avazya prazaMsA kareMge / kavi Atma-vizvAsa prakaTa karatA hai ki yadi durjana marma kA bheda karatA huA bhI mere nikaTa AtA hai to use bhI maiM apanA mitra banAU~gA / 2 kA parabodhau kamana manAvauM / kimi nIrasa mana rasa lai lAvau // jai surasA hosa majhu bhAsA / jo bujjhihi so karihi pasaMsA // 3 prabandhakAra kavi nIrasa mana ko rasa ke pAsa pahu~cAnA cAhatA hai / aisA kavi kA vizvAsa hai ki yadi kavibhaNiti meM uttama rasa hotA to kAvyarasika binA kavi kI preraNA ke svayaM hI prazaMsA
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________________ 118 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 karegA / 'chailla (kAvyarasika) ko saMskRta vANI nahIM bhAtI / 'pAua rasa (prAkRta rasa) sugamatA se nahIM milatA / ataH kavi ghoSaNA karatA hai ki dezI vacana sabako mIThA lagatA hai| ataH maiM vaisI hI dezI bolI avahaTTa meM racanA karatA hU~ / / desila vayaNA saba jana miTThA / te taisana jampau avahaTThA // ' kalapAnta taka sthira rahanevAlI kIrti kIrtilatA kA mUladravya hai / kavi zabdarUpI khaMbhoM ko gAr3akara usa para kAvyarUpI maMca ko bA~dhakara tribhuvana ke kSetra meM kIrtisiMha kI kIrtirUpI latA phailAnA cAhatA hai - tihuaNa khettahiM kAi tasu kittivalli pasarei / akkhara khaMbhArabha jau maJco vandhi na dei // ' jisa prakAra siMha apanI sattA kI sthApanA ke lie yuyutsu hotA hai usI prakAra kIrtisiMha dhavala yaza ko arjita karane ke lie yuyutsu banA rahatA hai / kIrtisiMha kI lokaiSaNA meM kavi kI lokeSaNA kA sukhada mizraNa avazya draSTavya hai / 'kIrtilatA kI saMracanA meM muMga-muMgI-saMvAda avalokanIya hai / muMgI pUchatI hai - saMsAra meM sAratattva kyA hai ?' bhuMga ke anusAra-mAnasahita jInA tathA vIra puruSa kA janma lenA sAratatva hai / 10 jo mAnasahita jInA cAhatA hai vahI vIra puruSa hai / vIra puruSa mahAn yuyutsu huA karatA hai| yuyutsA yuddhavIra kI bhAva-bhUmi huA karatI hai / kIrtilatA kA nAyaka kIrtisiMha anupama yuyutsu hai / usakI pratyeka kriyA yuyutsA se pratimaNDita hai / yuyutsu yaza kA lobhI huA karatA hai 111 ataH antatogatvA lokaiSaNA evaM yuyutsA meM kArya-kAraNabhAva siddha hotA hai / yuyutsa puruSatva se vibhUSita hotA hai / yuyutsA kA mUladravya puruSatva hai / abhimAna yuyutsA kI AdhArazilA hai / rAjA bali, rAmacandra, bhagIratha tathA parazurAma yuyutsu evaM svAbhimAna ke rakSaka haiM / yuyutsu rAjakula (oinI vaMza) kA varNana kavi ne jamakara kiyA hai - jenne khaDia puvva patikkha // jene saraNa na pariharia, jenne atthija vimana nakittia // jenne atatya nahu bhaNiya jenne pAa ummagge na dijjia // tA kula kerA vaDDapaNa kahavA kamaNa upAe // 12 "jisa kula ke rAjAoM ne pahale ke saba zatruoM ko parAjita kara diyA, jinhoMne zaraNAgata kA parityAga nahIM kiyA aura yAcakoM kI icchA kA vighAta nahIM kiyA, jinhoMne asatya bhASaNa nahIM kiyA aura jinhoMne kabhI unmArga meM paira nahIM diyA; usa kula ke rAjAoM kI mahimA ke viSaya meM kisa taraha kahA jAya / 13 ___ oinI vaMza kA uparyukta varNana kAlidAsa kRta raghuvaMza kI bhUmikA kA smaraNa dilAtA hai / yathA - so'hamAjanmazuddhAnAm AphaloyadakarmaNAm / AsamudrakSitIzAnAm AnAkarathavartmanAm // yathAvidhihutAgnInA yathAkAmArcitArthinAm / yathAparAdhadaNDAnA yathAkAla prabodhinAm //
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 119 tyAgAya saMmRtArthAnA satyAya mitabhASiNAm / yazase vijigISUNA prajAyai gRhamedhinAm // raghUNAmanvaya vakSye4...... mitabhASI evaM vijigISu rAjakula kA paricaya dete hue kAlidAsa ne jisa taraha aucitya kA nirvAha kiyA hai usI taraha vidyApati ne bhI yuyutsu oinI vaMza kA paricaya dete hue aucitya kI sRSTi kI hai| yuyutsu kIrtisiMha kA dhavala yaza hI prathama pallava kA pratipAdya hai / kavi kA kathana hai ki kIrtisiMha kI kIrtirUpI sundarI apane svAmI ke mastaka ke sAtha vilAsa karatI hai|15 kIrtisiMha kA yaza itanA dhavala hai ki ziva ke dhavala zarIra kI dhavala vibhUti se suzobhita zazAMka bhI kIrtisiMha ke yaza kI dhavalatA se nyUna rahane ke kAraNa usakI kAmanA karatA hai| yuyutsu kIrtisiMha jigISu. hai / jigISA se prerita yuyutsA hI yaza kI dhavalatA meM Adhikya utpanna karatI hai / rAjA gaNezvara kA vadha hone para asalAna mana hI mana lajjita hokara vicAratA hai ki kIrtisiMha ko rAjya punaH lauTA hU~ aura usakA sammAna karU~ / 16 kintu siMha ke samAna parAkramI, mAnadhanI, baira kA badalA lene meM tatpara, kIrtisiMha zatru dvArA samarpita rAjya svIkAra nahIM karatA / yathA - siMha parakama mAnadhana vairuddhAra susajja / kittisiMha Nahu aMgavai sattu samappia rajja // 17 kavi ne ukta paktiyoM meM yuyutsu 'kittisiMha' kA jItA-jAgatA citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| kavi ke varNanAnusAra yuyutsu ke tIna abhilakSaNa avalokanIya haiM / yathA - siMha parakkama, mAnadhana aura vairuddhAra susajja / pitA ke hantA tathA apane zatru dvArA samarpita rAjya ko asvIkAra karanA yuyutsu evaM mAnadhana kIrtisiMha ke anurUpa hI hai / jaba mAtA, mitra aura mahAjana zatru ko mitra banAkara virahuta kA rAja bhogane kI bAta kahate haiM taba kIrtisiMha kI hRdaya-giri-kaMdarA meM siMha jAga uThatA hai aura uccasvara meM ghoSita karatA hai - mAtA bhaNai mamattayai mantI rajjaha nIti / majjhu piArI eka pai vIra purisa kA rIti // mAna vihUnA bhoanA sattuka deola rAja / saraNa paiTe jIanA tInU kAara kAja // 1 // yuyutsu kIrtisiMha siMhanAda karatA hai aura apane hRdaya ko yaha kahakara samudghATita karatA hai ki mAtA mamatA ke kAraNa kahatI hai, maMtrI rAjanIti kahatA hai, parantu mujhe to kevala eka puruSa kI rIti priya hai / mAnavihIna bhojana, zatru ke diye hue rAjya kA upabhoga, zaraNAgata hokara jInA - ye tInoM kAyara ke kAma haiM / kIrtisiMha ke siMhanAda meM samagra kAvya kA sandeza dhvanita hotA hai / yuyutsu kIrtisiMha apane pitA ke hantA, vizvAsaghAtI asalAna ko zatru mAnatA hai / yaha ApAtataH spaSTa hotA hai / kintu vaha kAyaratA ko apane Ajanma zatru ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai / ukta manaHsthiti se prasUta yuyutsA kIrtisiMha ke siMhanAda meM avalokanIya hai / rAjA kIrtisiMha kI pratijJA kSatriyocita hai evaM usakI siMhopama yuyutsA kI paricAyaka hai| yathA
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________________ 120 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 para pura mAri so gahalo bolae na jA kichu dhAe / bappa vaira uddharaja na uNa parivaNNA cukalo // saMgara sAhasa karao Na uNa saraNAgata mukkaso / dAne dalajo dAridda na uNa nahi akhkhara bhAsajo // pAne pADha varu karajo na uNa nIsatti paAsaJo / . abhimAna jo rakhkhajo jIvasao, nIca samAja na karo rati // kIrtisiMha meM supta yuyutsA jAgRta hokara vIroktiyoM kI vRSTi karatA hai / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki zatru ko usake nagara meM mArakara akelA hI use pakar3anA, pitA ke vaira kA badalA lenA, apanI kI huI pratijJA se bhraSTa na honA, yuddha meM parAkrama se kAma lenA, zaraNAgata banakara cupa na baiThanA, kSatriya hokara azakti kA pradarzana na karanA, jIva ke sAtha abhimAna karanA, nIca kI saMgati meM ruci na lenA - ye saba yuyutsu ke abhilakSaNa haiM / rAjA kIrtisiMha ne apanI vIra bhaNiti se 'yuyutsu' evaM 'yuyutsA' kI pUrNa vyAkhyA kara dI hai| badalA na lenevAlA klIba kahalAtA hai / klIbatA hRdaya kI durbalatA hai / bhagavAn kRSNa ne arjuna ko ukta klIbatA ke saMbaMdha meM prabodhita kiyA thA / rAjA kIrtisiMha to svayaM prabuddha hai jise prabodhita karane ke lie kisI kRSNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kIrtisiMha ke anusAra vairapratimocana vIra yuyutsu kA prathama kartavya hai / paira se sparza karanevAle ko sarpa rudhira-pAna ke lie nahIM DasatA, kintu badalA lene ke lie DasatA hai / kintu aisA na karane para usakI durbalatA svayaM-siddha ho jAtI hai / yahI bAta kAlidAsa ne rAma se kahalavAkara rAvaNa-vadha kA samarthana kiyA thA / 21 vidyApati ne bhI vIroktiyoM ke grathana se yuyutsuoM ke vIra vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA hai / rAjA kIrtisiMha klIbatA kA parama zatru hai; vairapratimocana kA kaTTara samarthaka hai; zatru ke sammukha zaraNAgati kA virodhI hai; dAna dekara svayaM dAridraya oDha lenevAlA hai; para 'nahIM zabda kahanevAlA nahIM hai / kIrtisiMha kA ujjvala caritra hameM mahArAja raghu kA smaraNa dilAtA hai jisane vizvajit yAga meM apanA sarvasva dakSiNA ke rUpa meM luTA diyA hai aura apane pAsa kevala miTTI kA baratana bacAkara2 yAcakoM kA dAridraya svayaM oDha liyA hai / pitRhIna evaM rAjyabhraSTa kIrtisiMha vipatti kI ghar3I meM bhI abhimAna nahIM chor3atA / usakA ujjvala caritra mAnadhaniyoM ke agresara kesarI kA smaraNa dilAtA hai / yathA kSutkSAmo'pi jarAkRzo'pi zithilaprANo'pi kaSTA dazAm / Apanno'pi vipannadhItirapi prANeSu nazyatsvapi // mattemendra vibhinnakumbhapizitagrAsaikabaddaspRhaH / ki jIrNaM tRNamatti mAnamahatAmagresaraH kesarI // 3 kIrtisiMha zatru dvArA lauTAye rAjya ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / usameM soyA huA yuyutsu jAgRta hokara yaddha meM parAkrama dvArA use svayaM arjita karanA cAhatA hai / kIrtisiMha kA ujjvala caritra usa vanya siMha kA smaraNa dilAtA hai jise abhiSeka yA saMskAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai| yathA - nAbhiSeko na saMskAraH siMhasya kriyate vane / vikramArjitasatvasya svayameva mRgendratA // 24
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 121 jaba yuyutsu kIrtisiMha apane bhAI vIrasiMha ke sAtha jaunapura ke sulatAna ibrAhima zAha ke pAsa calA taba prajA meM utsAha umar3a par3A / unako kisI ne kapar3A diyA, kisI ne ghor3A tathA kisI ne mArga-kharca ke lie paryApta sAmagrI dI / kisI ne nadI ko pAra karAyA / kisI ne bojha phuNcaayaa| kisI ne sIdhA mArga batAyA / kisI ne vinayapUrvaka Atithya kiyA / 25 yaha prasaMga kuza tathA lava ko suprIta muniyoM ke dvArA kalaza, valkala, kRSNAjina, yajJasUtra, kamaNDalu. maujI, kuThAra, kASAyavastra, jaTAbandhana, kASTharajju, yajJabhANDa Adi vibhinna vastuoM ke dAna-prasaMga kA smaraNa dilAtA hai / 26 kIrtisiMha ke sAtha caturaMgiNI senA kI kUca huI / hasti-senA kI yuyutsA kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki madamatta hAthI vRkSoM ko tor3a rahe the / ve rAzIbhUta andhakAra ke samAna the, mAno mUrtimAn garva the / ve bhArI bar3I sUDoM ko mArakara manuSya ke mastaka ko dhasamasA dete the / 27 yuyutsu azvasenA kA varNana kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai / yathA - anea vAji teji tAji sAji sAji AniA / parakkamehi jAsu nAma dIpe dIpe jAniA // visAla kandha cAru vandha satti rUa sohaNA / talappa hAthi lA~ghi jAthi sattu seNa khohaNA // samaththa sUra-Ura pUra cAri pAne cakkare / ananta jujjha mamma vujjha sAmi tAra saMgare // 29 krodha meM bharakara garadana ko U~cA uThAkara daur3anA, darpa se vimugdha hokara TApa mAranA Adi kriyAe~ ghor3oM kI yuyutsA prakaTa karatI haiM / bAra-bAra hinahinAnA, nizAna ke zabda aura bherI kA zora sunakara krodhapUrvaka dharatI khodanA, apanI gati se havA ko pIche chor3anA, vega se mana ko jItanA - Adi kriyAe~ ghor3oM kI balavatI yuyutsA kI paricAyaka haiM / yuddha meM jaba asalAna ne pITha dikhA dI taba kIrtisiMha ne use jIvadAna dekara yoM kahA jai raNa bhaggasi tai toje kAara / aru tohi mArai se punu kAara // 30 yadi tU raNa se bhAgatA hai to tU kAyara hai aura jo tujhe mAre vaha aura adhika kAyara hai| kAyaratA kI itanI sundara paribhASA tribhuvana meM anyatra nahIM milatI / yuyutsu kIrtisiMha apane pitA ke hantA asalAna ko jItatA hai; pitA ke vaira kA badalA letA hai; khoye hue rAjya ko svayaM arjita kara letA hai / 'kIrtilatA' sahRdayoM ke sammukha yaha dhvanita karatI hai ki kIrtisiMha ne antatogatvA kAyaratA ko jItA hai / asalAna to nimittamAtra hai| 1. kIrtilatA aura avahaTTa bhASA, ziva prasAda siMha, pR. 18 / 2. kIrtilatA - prathama pallava - 22, sAhitya sadana, ciragA~va, jhA~sI, prathama saMskaraNa 1962 / 3. kIrtilatA - prathama pallava - 27 se 30 taka / 4. " " " - 31 / 33 / - 34 /
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________________ 122 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. kIrtilatA 99 19 31 "" - - - - - - - - - "" - 39 " nirUpita hindI artha / 14. raghuvaMza prathama sarga 15. kIrtilatA prathama pallava 16. kIrtilatA dvitIya pallava 17. kIrtilatA dvitIya pallava 18. kIrtilatA dvitIya pallava 19. kIrtilatA dvitIya pallava 20. zrImad bhagavad gItA dvitIya adhyAya - 3 / 29 prathama pallava 29 -- - - - - - 5, 6, 7, 91 - 21. raghuvaMza 14-41 I 22. 'sa mRnmaye bItahiraNmayatvAn pAtre nidhAyArghyamanarghazIla / ' raghuvaMza 5-2 / 23. subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra 24. subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra 25. kIrtilatA dvitIya pallava 26. vAlmIkirAmAyaNa bAlakANDa 27. kIrtilatA caturtha pallava 28. kIrtilatA 29. kIrtilatA 30. kIrtilatA caturtha pallava caturtha pallava caturtha pallava - -- - - - -- 35, 36 I 15, 16 I 37 I 38 I 41, kitti luddhau sUra saMgAma / 65 se 68 taka / 65 se 68 taka vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke dvArA 103, 105 1 16, 17, 201 21, 22 I 33 se 36 taka / 41, 43 se 47 taka / aSTama saMskaraNa 1952, pR. 230 1 aSTama saMskaraNa 1952, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI-2, pR. 2291 65, 66, 69 se 73 taka / caturtha sarga / apabhraMza bhAratI-2 15, 19, 20, 22 I 28 se 33 taka / 34, 35, 36, 37, 53 I 249, 250 I
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 123 apabhraMza kathA saurabha * DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI apabhraMza sAhitya padyAtmaka sAhitya hai, isameM gadya-sAhitya prAyaH nagaNya hai / apabhraMza ke vidyArthiyoM ke adhyayana evaM abhyAsa hetu prAkRta-kathAoM se anudita kathA saMkalana, apabhraMza kathA saurabha, jo zIghra prakAzya hai, kI do kathAeM (6) amaMgaliya purisaho kahA tathA (ii) viusIhe putta-bahUhe kahANagu yahA~ hindI-anuvAdasahita prakAzita kI jA rahI hai / 1. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina dvArA saMpAdita-pAiya-gajja-saMgaho, prakAzaka-prAcya bhAratI prakAzana, ArA meM saMkalita (1) amaMgaliya purisassa kahA tathA (ii) viusIe puttavahUe kahANagaM /
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________________ 124 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 amaMgaliya purisaho kahA ekkahiM Nayari ekku amaMgaliu muddha purisu Asi / so erisu atthi jo ko vi pabhAye taho muha pAsei, so bhoyaNu pi na lahei / paurA vi paccUse kayAvi taho muhu na pikkhhiN| naravaie vi amaMgaliya purisaho vaTTA suNiA / parikkhevaM naride egayA pabhAyakAle so AhUu, tAsu muha ditttt| jaiyatuM rAu bhoyaNA uvavisai, kavalu ca muhi pakkhivai, taiyahu ahili nayare akamhA paracakka bhaye halabolu jAu / tAvehiM naravai vi bhoyaNu cayevi sahasA uTheviNu saseNNu nayarahe bAhiM niggu| bhaya kAraNu adaTThaNa puNu pacchA Agau / samANu nariMdu ciMtei-imaho amaMgaliyaho sarUvu maI paccakkhu diTsa, tao eho haMtavvo / evaM ciMteppi amaMgaliya kokkAvieppiNu vaheva caDAlasu appei / jaiyaha eho ruvaMtu, sakammu nidaMtu caMDAleM saha gacchaMtu atthi, taiyahu ekku kAruNiu buddhiNihANu vahAhe neijjamANu ta daTTaNaM kAraNu NAi tAsu rakkhaNasu kaNNi kiMpi kaheppiNu uvAya daMsei / harisaMtu jAvehiM vahassu thabhi Thaviu tAvehiM caMDAlu taM pucchai-'jIvaNu viNA tau kAvi icchA hoi, tayA maggiyavvA / ' so kahei - mahu narida muha daMsaNa icchA atthi| tayA so nariMda samIvaM aanniiu| nariMdu taM pucchai - etthu AgamaNa kiM paoyaNu ? so kahei - he nariMdu / paccUse mahu muhassu dasaNe bhoyaNu na lahijjai / parantu tumhahaM muha pekkhaNe majjhu vahu bhavesai, taiyahu paura ki kahesati/kahesahiM / mahu muhahe sirimaMtahaM muha dasaNu kerisu phalau saMjAu ? nAyarA vi pabhAe tumhahaM muha kahaM pAsihire / evaM tAsu vayaNa juttie saMtuTTha nariMdu / so vahAesu nisehevi pAritosiu ca dAevi harisiu so amaMgaliu vi saMtussiu /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 125 amAMgalika puruSa kI kathA eka nagara meM eka amAMgalika mUrkha puruSa thA / vaha aisA thA - jo koI bhI prabhAta meM usake mu~ha ko dekhatA vaha bhojana bhI nahIM pAtA (use bhojana bhI nahIM milatA) / nagara ke nivAsI bhI prAtaHkAla meM kabhI bhI usake mu~ha ko nahIM dekhate the / rAjA ke dvArA bhI amAMgalika puruSa kI bAta sunI gaI / parIkSA ke lie rAjA ke dvArA eka bAra prabhAtakAla meM vaha bulAyA gayA, usakA mukha dekhA gayA / jyohi rAjA bhojana ke lie baiThA, aura mu~ha meM (roTI kA) gAsa rakhA tyohi samasta nagara meM akasmAt zatru ke dvArA AkramaNa ke bhaya se zoragula huA / taba rAjA bhI bhojana ko chor3akara (aura) zIghra uThakara senA-sahita nagara se bAhara gayA / aura bhaya ke kAraNa ko na dekhakara bAda meM A gayA / ahaMkArI rAjA ne socA - isa amAMgalika ke svarUpa ko mere dvArA pratyakSa dekhA gayA, isalie yaha mArA jAnA cAhie / isa prakAra vicArakara amAMgalika ko bulavAkara vadha ke lie cAMDAla ko sauMpa diyA / jaba yaha rotA huA sva-karma kI (ko) nindA karatA huA cANDAla ke sAtha jA rahA thA, taba eka dayAvAna, buddhimAna ne vadha ke lie le jAe jAte hue usako dekhakara kAraNa ko jAnakara usakI rakSA ke lie kAna meM kucha kahakara upAya dikhalAyA / (isake phalasvarUpa vaha) prasanna hote hue (calA) / jaba (vaha) vadha ke khambhe para khar3A kiyA gayA taba cANDAla ne usako pUchA - jIvana ke alAvA tumhArI koI bhI (vastu kI) icchA ho, to (tumhAre dvArA) (vaha vastu) mA~gI jAnI cAhie / usane kahA - merI icchA rAjA ke mukha-darzana kI hai / taba vaha rAjA ke sAmane lAyA gayA / rAjA ne usako pUchAyahA~ Ane kA prayojana kyA hai? usane kahA-he rAjA / prAtaHkAla meM mere mukha ke darzana se (tumhAre dvArA) bhojana grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA, parantu tumhAre mukha ke dekhane se merA vadha hogA taba nagara ke nivAsI kyA kaheMge ? mere mu~ha (darzana) kI tulanA meM zrImAn ke mukha-darzana se kaisA phala huA ? nAgarika bhI prabhAta meM tumhAre mukha ko kaise dekheMge ? isa prakAra usakI vacana kI yukti se rAjA saMtuSTa huA / (vaha) vadha ke Adeza ko radda karake aura usako pAritoSika dekara prasanna huA / (isase) vaha amAMgalika bhI saMtuSTa huA /
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________________ 126 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 viusIhe putta-bahUhe kahANagu kahiM Nayari lacchIdAsu seTThi varIvaTTai / so bahudhaNa-saMpattie gavviTu Asi / bhogavilAsahiM eva laggu kayAvi dhammu Na kuNei / tAsu puttu vi eyArisu asthi / jovvaNi piue dhammiaho dhammadAsaho jahatthanAmAe sIlavaIe kannAe saha puttasu pANiggahaNu kraaviu| sA kannA jaiyatuM aTThavAsA jAyA, taiyahu tAe piu peraNAe sAhuNI sagAsahu savvaNNa dhamma savaNe sammattu aNuvvayaiM ya gahIyaI, savvaNNa dhammi aIva niuNA saMjAA / jaiyatuM sA sasura gehi AgayA taiyahu sasurAi dhammahu vimuhu dekkhevi tAe bahuduhu sNjaau| kahaM majjhu niyavaya nivvAhu hosai ? kahaM vA devaguruha vimuhahaM sasurAi dhammovaesu bhavesai, evaM sA viyaarei| egayA 'saMsAru asAru, lacchI vi asArA, dehu vi viNassaru, ekku dhamma cciya paraloapavanahaM jIvahaM AhAru' tti uvaesadANe niyabhattA savvaNNa dhamma vAsiu kau / eva sAsU vi kAlaMtare bohei| sasura paDibohevaM sA samayu maggei / ___ egayA tAhe ghari samaNaguNagaNAlaMkiu mahavvai nANI jovvaNatthu ekku sAhu bhikkhasu smaagu| jovvaNi vi gahIyavaya saMta daMta sAhu ghare Agaya dekkheppiNu AhAre vijjamANe vi tAe viyAriya-jovvaNe mahavvaya mahAdullahu, kahaM eteM etahiM jovvaNattaNe gahIya ? iti parikkheva samassAhe uttaraM puDhe-ahaNA samau na saMjAu ki puvvaM niggayA ? tAhe hiyaye gau bhAu NAi sAhue uttu-'samayanANu', kayA maccu hosai tti natthi nANu, teNa samaya viNA niggau / sA uttaru NAevi tuTThA / muNie vi sA puTThA-kai varisA tuhu saMjAyA ? muNi pucchAbhAvu NAi vIsavAsehiM jAahiM vi tAe bArasavAsu ti uttu| puNu 'tujjha sAmi kai vAsA jAA' ti puTu / tAhe piyaho paNavIsavAsahiM jAahiM vi paMcavAsA uttA, evaM sAsUhe 'chamAsA' khiyaa| muNie sasuraho pucchiu, 'so ahuNA na uppaNNu atthi' ti saddA bhaNiyA / ___ evaM vahU sAhu vaTTA aMtaTThie sasura suA / laddhabhikkhe sAhuhi gae so aIva kohAulu sajAu, jao puttavahU maI uddissevi 'na jAu' ti kahei / ruTu so puttasu kahevi haTTa gcchi| gacchantu sasuru sA vayai-bhujevi he sasuru / tuhuM gacchahi / sasura kahei - jai hau na jAu atthi, to kahaM bhoyaNu cavvemi-bhakkhemi, ia kaheppiNu haTTi gu| puttasu savvu vuttatu kahei - 'tau pattI durAyArA asabbhavayaNA atthi, ao ta gihAhu nikkAsa /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 127 viduSI putravadhU kA kathAnaka kisI nagara meM lakSmIdAsa seTha bhalI prakAra se rahatA thA / vaha bahuta dhana-saMpatti ke kAraNa atyanta garvIlA thA / bhogavilAsoM meM hI (vaha) lagA huA (thA) (aura) kabhI bhI dharma nahIM karatA thaa| usakA putra bhI aisA hI thA / yauvana meM pitA dvArA dhArmika dharmadAsa kI yathAnAma zIlavatI kanyA ke sAtha putra kA vivAha karavA diyA gayA / jaba vaha kanyA ATha varSa kI huI, taba usake dvArA pitA kI preraNA se (eka) sAdhvI ke pAsa sarvajJa ke dharma ke zravaNa se samyaktva aura aNuvrata grahaNa kie gae / sarvajJa ke dharma meM (vaha) bahuta nipuNa huI / jaba vaha sasura ke ghara meM A gaI, taba sasura Adi ko dharma se vimukha dekhakara, usake dvArA bahuta duHkha prApta kiyA gayA / mere nijavrata kA nirvAha kaise hogA ? athavA deva-guru se vimukha sasura Adi ke lie dharmopadeza kaise saMbhava hogA ? isa prakAra vaha vicAra karatI hai / ___ saMsAra asAra hai, lakSmI bhI asAra hai, deha bhI vinAzazIla hai, eka dharma hI paraloka jAnevAle jIva ke lie AdhAra hai, isa prakAra eka bAra upadeza dene se nija pati sarvajJa ke dharma meM saMskArita kiyA gayA / kucha samaya pazcAt (vaha) isI prakAra sAsa ko bhI samajhAtI hai / sasura ko samajhAne ke lie vaha samaya khojane lagI / eka bAra usake ghara meM zramaNa-guNa-samUha se alaMkRta mahAvratI jJAnI, yauvana meM sthita eka sAdhu bhikSA ke lie Aye / yauvana meM hI vrata ko grahaNa kie hue zAnta aura jitendriya sAdhu ko ghara meM AyA huA dekhakara AhAra ko prApta karate hue hone para hI usake dvArA vicAra kiyA gayA, yauvana meM mahAvrata atyanta durlabha (hai) / inake dvArA isa yauvana avasthA meM (mahAvrata) kaise grahaNa kie gae ? isa prakAra parIkSA ke lie samasyA kA uttara pUchA gyaa| abhI samaya na huA, pahile hI (Apa) kyoM nikala gae ? usake hRdaya meM utpanna bhAva ko jAnakara sAdhu ke dvArA kahA gayAjJAna samaya (hai) / kaba mRtyu hogI aisA jJAna (kisI ko) nahIM hai, isalie samaya ke binA nikala gayA / vaha uttara ko samajhakara saMtuSTa huI / muni ke dvArA bhI vaha pUchI gaI / tumheM utpanna hue kitane varSa hue ? muni ke prazna ke Azaya ko jAnakara bIsa varSa kI ho jAne para bhI usake dvArA 'bAraha varSa kahe gaye / phira, tumhAre svAmI kA (janma hue) kitane varSa hue ? isa prakAra (yaha) pUchA gayA / usake dvArA priya kA (janma hue) paccIsa varSa ho jAne para bhI pA~ca varSa kahA gayA, isa prakAra sAsU kA chaH mAha kahA gayA, sasura ke lie pUchane para 'vaha abhI utpanna nahIM huA hai, isa prakAra zabda kahe gaye / ___ isa prakAra bahU aura sAdhu kI vArtA bhItara baiThe hue sasura ke dvArA sunI gaI / bhikSA ko prApta sAdhu ke cale jAne para vaha atyanta krodha se vyAkula huA, kyoMki putravadhU mujhako lakSya karake kahatI hai ki (mai) utpanna nahIM huA / vaha rUTha gayA, (aura) putra ko kahane ke lie dukAna para gayA / jAte hue sasura ko vaha kahatI hai - he sasura / Apa bhojana karake jAeM / sasura kahatA hai - yadi maiM utpanna nahIM huA haiM, to bhojana kaise cabAU~gA - khAU~gA / isa (bAta) ko kahakara dukAna para gyaa| putra ko saba vArtA hakIkata kahI / terI patnI durAcAriNI hai aura aziSTa bolanevAlI hai, isalie (tuma) usako ghara se nikAlo /
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________________ 128 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 ___ so piu saha gehi Agau / (so) bahU pucchai - ki mAu piu avamANu kau ? sAhu saha vaTTAhiM ki asaccu uttara diNNu ? tAe uttu - tumheM muNi pucchaha, so sabbu khihii| sasuru uvassai jAevi-sAvamANu muNi pucchai - he muNi, ajju mahu gehi bhikkhasu tumhe ki AgayA ? muNi kahei - tumhahaM gharu Na jANAmi, tuhaM kuttha vasahi ? seTThi viyArei-'muNi asaccu khei'| puNu pu1 - kattha vi gehi bAlAe saha vaTTA kayA ki ? muNi kahei - 'sA bAlA aIva kusalA, tAe mahu vi parikkhA kayA / ' tAe hau vuttusamayA viNA kahaM niggau si ? maiM uttara diNNu - "samayaho - maraNasamayaho nANu natthi, teNa puvvavaye niggau mhi / " maI vi parikkhevi savvAhu sasurAi vAsAiM puTThAI / tAe samma kahiyAI / seTThi pucchai - sasuru na jAu ia tAe kiM kahiya ? muNi uttu-sA cia pucchijjau, jao 'viusIe tAe jahatthu bhAvu NAijjai' / . sasuru gehu jAi puttavahu pucchai - 'taI muNi purao ki evaM vutta - mahu sasuru jAu vi n|' tAe utta - 'he sasura, dhammahINa maNusaho mANavabhavu pattu vi apattu eva, jao saddhamma kiccahiM sahalu bhavu na kau so maNusabhava nipphala ciya / tao tau jIvaNu pi dhammahINu savvu gau / teNa maI kahia - mahu sasuraho uppatti eva na / ' evaM sacci ThANi tuTu dhammAbhimuhu jaau| puNu puTu - paiM sAsU chammAsA kahaM kahiA ? tAe uttasAsU pucchaha / seTTie sA putttthaa| tAe vi kahia - puttavahU vayaNu saccu, jao mahu savaNha dhammapattIhi chamAsA eva jAyA, jao io chamAsAhu puvvaM kattha vi maraNapasaMge hau gyaa| tattha thIhu vivihaguNadosavaTTA jAyA / egAe buDDhAe utta - nArIhu majjhe imAhe puttavahu seTThA / jovvaNavae vi sAsUbhattiparA dhammakajje sA eva apamattA, gihakajjahiM vi kusalA, nannA erisA / imAhe sAsU nibbhagA, erisIe bhattivacchalAe puttavahUe vi dhammakajji perijjamANAvi dhammu na kuNei, imu suNevi bahuguNaraMjiA tAhe muhahe dhammo patto / dhammapattIhiM chamAsA jAyA, tao puttavahUe chammAsA kahiA, ta juttu /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 129 vaha pitA ke sAtha ghara meM AyA / (vaha) bahU ko pUchatA hai - (tumhAre dvArA) mAtA-pitA kA apamAna kyoM kiyA gayA ? sAdhu ke sAtha vArtA meM asatya uttara kyoM die gae ? usake dvArA kahA gayA - tumhI muni ko pUcho, vaha saba kaha deMge / sasura ne upAsare meM jAkara apamAnasahita muni ko pUchA - he muni / Aja mere ghara meM bhikSA ke lie tuma kyoM Aye ? muni ne kahA - tumhAre ghara ko nahIM jAnatA hU~, tuma kahA~ rahate ho ? seTha vicAratA hai ki muni asatya kahatA hai / phira pUchA gayA - kyA kisI bhI ghara meM bAlA ke sAtha vArtA kI gaI ? muni ne kahA - vaha bAlA atyanta kuzala hai / usake dvArA merI bhI parIkSA kI gaI / usake dvArA maiM kahA gayA - samaya ke binA tuma kaise nikale ho ? mere dvArA uttara diyA gayA - samaya kA, maraNa samaya kA jJAna nahIM hai, isalie Ayu ke pUrva meM hI nikala gayA haiM / mere dvArA bhI parIkSA ke lie sasura Adi sabhI ke varSa (Ayu) pUche gaye (to) usake dvArA (bAlA ke dvArA) ucita prakAra se uttara kahe gye| seTha ne pUchA - sasura utpanna nahIM huA, yaha usake dvArA kyoM kahA gayA? muni ke dvArA kahA gayA - vaha hI pUchI jAe, kyoMki usa viduSI ke dvArA yathArtha bhAva jAne jAte (jAne gaye) haiM / * sasura ghara jAkara putravadhU se pUchatA hai - tumhAre dvArA muni ke samakSa isa prakAra se kyoM kahA gayA (ki) merA sasura utpanna hI nahIM (huA hai) / usake dvArA kahA gayA - he sasura / dharmahIna manuSya kA manuSya bhava prApta kiyA huA bhI prApta nahIM kiyA huA (aprApta) hI hai, kyoMki sat-dharma kI kriyA ke dvArA (manuSya) bhava saphala nahIM kiyA gayA (hai) (to) vaha manuSya-janma nirarthaka hI hai / usa kAraNa se tumhArA sArA jIvana dharmahIna hI gayA, isIlie mere dvArA kahA gayA - mere sasura kI utpatti hI nahIM hai / isa prakAra satya bAta para (vaha) santuSTa huA aura dharmAbhimukha huaa| phira pUchA gayA - tumhAre dvArA sAsU kI (umra) chaH mAsa kaise kahI gaI ? usake dvArA uttara diyA gayA - sAsU ko pUcho / seTha ke dvArA vaha pUchI gaI / usake dvArA bhI kahA gayAputra kI bahU ke vacana satya haiM, kyoMki merI sarvajJa-dharma kI prApti meM chaH mAha hI hue haiM, kyoMki isa loka meM chaH mAsa pUrva maiM kisI (kI) mRtyu ke prasaMga meM gaI / vahA~ usa strI (bahU) ke vividha guNa-doSoM kI vArtA haI / / (vahA~) eka vRddhA ke dvArA kahA gayA - striyoM ke madhya meM isakI putravadhU zreSTha hai / yauvana kI avasthA meM bhI vaha sAsU kI bhakti meM lIna (tathA) dharma-kAryoM meM bhI apramAdI hai, gRhakAryoM meM bhI kuzala (usake) samAna dUsarI nahIM hai / isakI sAsU abhAgI hai, aisI bhakti-premI putravadhU ke dvArA dharma-kArya meM prerita kie jAte hue bhI dharma nahIM karatI hai / isako sunakara bahU ke guNoM se prasanna huI (mere dvArA) usake mukha se dharma prApta kiyA gayA / dharma-lAbha meM chaH mAsa hue| isalie putravadhU ke dvArA chaH mAsa kahe gaye, vaha yukta hai /
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________________ apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 puttu vi puTTu, teNa vi uttu rattihiM samaya - dhammovaesaparAe bhajjAe saMsArAsAradaMsaNe bhogavilAsahaM ca pariNAmaduhadAittaNe, vAsANaIpUratulla juvvaNattaNe ya dehasu khaNabhaMgurataNe jabi dhammu eva sAru ti uvadiTTu / hau~ savvaNNu- dhammArAhago jAu, ajju paMcavAsA jAyA / tao bahue maI uddissevi paMcavAsA kahiA, ta saccu / eva kuDubasu dhammapatti baTTA viusI ya puttabahUhe jahatthavayaNu suNeppiNu lacchIdAsu vi paDibuddha buDDhataNi vi dhammu ArAhi saggai pattu saparivAru / 130 -
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 131 putra bhI pUchA gayA, usake dvArA bhI kahA gayA - rAtri meM siddhAnta aura dharma ke upadeza meM lIna patnI ke dvArA saMsAra meM asAra ke darzana se aura bhogavilAsa ke pariNAma ke dukhadAI hone se, varSA nadI ke jala-pravAha ke samAna yauvanAvasthA ke kAraNa aura deha kI kSaNabhaMguratA se, jagata meM dharma hI sAra (hai), isa prakAra batAyA gayA / maiM sarvajJa ke dharma kA ArAdhaka banA, Aja pA~ca varSa hue / isIlie bahU ke dvArA mujhako lakSya karake pA~ca varSa kahe gae, vaha satya hai / isa prakAra kuTumba ke lie dharma-lAbha kI vArtA se viduSI putravadhU ke yathArtha vacana ko sunakara lakSmIdAsa bhI jJAnI (huA) aura bur3hApe meM (usake dvArA) bhI dharma pAlA gyaa| usane saparivAra sanmArga prApta kiyA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 kamala parimala Amiliya aliula to NiveNa loeNa saravaraM, lakkhiya asesa pi maNaharaM / NIlarayaNa pAlIaiM paviula, kamalaparimalAmiliya aliula / amaralalaNakaya kIlakalayala, caliyavaliyaullaliyajhasaula / kalamarAlamuhadaliyasayadala, luliyakolaulahaliyakaMdala / pIlulIlapayacaliyatalamala, galiyaNaliNapiMgahuyajala / aNilavihuyakallolahayathala, tacchaleNa Na chivai Nahayala / patthiu vva kuvalayavirAiya, puMDarIyaNiyareNa chAiya / karirahaMgasAraMgabhAsiya, chaMdayaM vilAsiNi payAsiya / ghattA-saru pecchevi lou, harise kahi~ mi Na mAiu / mANasasare NAI amaraNiyaru saMpAiu // sudaMsaNacariu, 7.16 - tabhI rAjA va anya logoM ne sarovara kI ora lakSya kiyA, jo samastarUpa se manohara thA / vaha apane nIla ratnoM kI pakti se ativipula dikhAI de rahA thA / vahA~ kamaloM kI sugaMdha se bhramarapuMja A mile the / devalalanAoM kI krIr3A kA kalakala zabda ho rahA thA / machaliyoM ke puMja cala rahe the, mur3a rahe the aura uchala rahe the / kalahaMsoM ke mukhoM dvArA zatadala kamala tor3e jA rahe the, tathA Dolate hue varAhoM ke jhuNDoM dvArA jar3eM khodI jA rahI thIM / hAthiyoM kI krIr3A se unake pairoM dvArA nIce kA mala (kIcar3a) calAyamAna hokara A rahA thA / kamaloM kI jhar3I huI raja se jala piMgavarNa ho rahA thA / pavana se jhakorI huI taraMgoM dvArA thalabhAga para AghAta ho rahA thA, mAno vaha usI bahAne nabhastala ko chU rahA ho / vaha sarovara nIla-kamaloM (kuvalayoM) se zobhAyamAna, zveta-kamaloM ke samUhoM se AcchAdita, hAthiyoM, cakravAka pakSiyoM tathA cAtakoM se udbhAsita thA, ataeva vaha eka rAjA ke samAna thA, jo kuvalaya (pRthvI-maNDala) para virAjamAna pradhAnoM ke samUha se zobhAyamAna tathA hAthiyoM, rathoM aura ghor3oM se prabhAvazAlI ho| usa sarovara ko dekhakara loga harSa se kahIM samAe nahIM, mAno davoM kA samUha mAnasa-sarovara para A pahu~cA ho| * anu. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 julAI, 1992 133 praur3ha apabhraMza racanA saurabha * DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI apabhraMza bhAratI ke prathama aMka meM apabhraMza vyAkaraNa ke sAmAnya adhyayana ke lie racita 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha', jo aba pustaka-rUpa meM prakAzita hai, ke kucha aMza prakAzita kiye gaye the| usI krama meM vizeSa adhyayana hetu sadya prakAzya 'praur3ha apabhraMza racanA saurabha' ke 'avyaya prakaraNa kA kucha aMza yahA~ prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / isameM avyaya ke udAharaNa apabhraMza ke mUla-granthoM (paumacariu, NAyakumAracariu, jasaharacariu tathA hema prAkRta vyAkaraNa) se saMkalana kiye gaye haiM / AzA hai, isase vidyArthiyoM evaM pAThakoM ko avyayoM ke prayoga sahajatayA spaSTa ho sakeMge / pAThakoM ke sujhAva mere bahuta kAma ke hoNge| 1. aise zabda jinake rUpa meM koI vikAra-parivartana na ho aura jo sadA eka se, sabhI vibhakti, sabhI vacana aura sabhI liMgoM meM eka samAna raheM, avyaya kahalAte haiM / liMga, vibhakti aura vacana ke anusAra jinake rUpoM meM ghaTatI-bar3hatI na ho vaha avyaya hai, abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI, pR. 213 /
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________________ 134 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 - yahA~ pATha - 1 sthAnavAcI avyaya 1. (i) tetyu/tahiM/tettahe/teu - vahA~ (ii) etya/etthu/ettahe (iii) kettahe/kahi~/kattha/katyu - kahA~ (iv) jetyu/jahiM/jettahe/jau jahA~ (v) savvettahe saba sthAna para (vi) aNNettahe - dUsare sthAna para ___ (i) kahantiu/kau - kahA~ se (ii) ketyu = kahA~ se (iii) kahiM - kahA~ se (iv) ettahe - 'yahA~ se (v) ettahe . . . ettahe eka ora . . . dUsarI ora (vi) tatthaho - vahA~ se (vii) tahitiu = vahA~ se 3. (i) kahiM ci ___ kahIM para, kisI jagaha (ii) katthai - kahIM (iii) kattha vi - kahIM (iv) kahi mi ___(i) pAsu/pAse pAsa, samIpa (ii) dUra (iii) pacchae/pacchale/aNupacchA pIche (iv) pure/aggale/aggae (v) uppari Upara (vi) heTThi nIce (vii) pAsaho pAsa se, samIpa se (viii) dUraho - dUra se, dUravartI sthAna para (ix) dUre - dUra se (x) caupAse/caupAsehi~/caupAsiu - cAroM ora, cAroM ora se (xi) pAsehiM - pAsa meM kahIM Age
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 135 saMkalita vAkya-prayoga 1. 1. dasaraha-jaNaya ve vi gaya tettahe / puravaru kautukamaMgalu jettahe // (pa. ca. 21.2) - dazaratha aura janaka donoM vahA~ gaye, jahA~ kautukamaMgala zreSTha nagara thA / 2. etyu Na harisu visAu karevau / (pa. ca. 28.12) - yahA~/isa viSaya meM/isa sambandha meM harSa aura zoka nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye / 3. jahiM vasai mahArisI saccabhUi / ___gau tahiM bhAmaNDalu jaNaNu levi / (pa. ca. 22.7) - jahA~ satyabhUti mahAmuni rahate the, vahA~ bhAmaNDala pitA ko lekara gaye / 4. eu dIsai girivara-siharu jetthu / uvasaggu bhayaMkaru hoi tetthu / (pa. ca. 32.2) - jahA~ yaha zreSTha parvata kA zikhara dekhA jAtA hai, vahA~ bhayaMkara upasarga hai / 5. jau jau pavaNaputta parisakkai, tau tau valu Na thakkai / (pa. ca. 51.13) - jahA~-jahA~ pavanasuta jAtA thA, vahA~-vahA~ senA nahIM ThaharatI thI / 6. ettahe-tettahe vAri ghari lacchi visaMThula dhAi / (ha. prA. vyA. 4.436) - asthira lakSmI ghara-ghara para, dvAra-dvAra para yahA~-vahA~ daur3atI hai / 7. kettahe rAvaNu ? (pa. ca. 69.20) - rAvaNa kahA~ hai ? 8. kahiM dIsai tahiM suhamaggu sAru / (ja. ca. 1.5.11) - sAragarbhita sukha kA mArga vahA~ kahA~ dekhA jAtA hai ? 9. kahiM gacchahi acchami jAma hau~ / (pa. ca. 64.5) - jaba taka maiM hU~, tuma kahA~ jAoge / 10. aNNettahe asou uppaNau / (pa. ca. 3.3) - dUsare sthAna para azoka (vRkSa) utpanna huA / 2.11. vuha-maNDalu vi caUhiM tahitiu / (pa. ca. 2.3) - vahA~ se cAra yojana budha-maNDala hai / 12. tatthaho vi caveppiNu suddhamai, hUo si ettha laMkAhivai / (pa. ca. 6.15) - he zuddhamati ! vahA~ se marakara hI tuma yahA~ laMkAdhipati hue ho /
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________________ 136 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 13. dhUmu kahantihu uThThiau / (ha. prA. vyA. 4.416) - dhUA~ kahA~ se uThA / 14. dhUmu kau uTThiau / (ha. prA. vyA. 4.416) - dhUma kahA~ se uThA / 15. ettahe jiNavara-sAsaNu sundaru, ettahe jANai-vayaNu maNoharu / ettahe pAu aNovamo vajjhai, ettahe visaehiM maNu parirujjhai / (pa. ca. 55.1) eka ora/idhara arahaMta kA sundara zikSaNa hai, dUsarI ora/udhara jAnakI kA manohara mukh| eka ora/idhara atulanIya pApa bAMdhA jA rahA hai, dUsarI ora/udhara mana viSayoM se rokA jAyegA / 16. paripucchiya tumhe payaTTa ketthu, kiM mAyApurisa paDhukka etthu / (pa. ca. 69.9) - pUchA gayA - Apa kahA~ se Aye, kyA yahA~ (koI) mAyA-puruSa A pahu~cA hai ? 17. eu kahiM laddha jalu / (pa. ca. 68.4) - yaha jala kahA~ se prApta kiyA gayA hai ? 3.18. kahiM ci AyA hayA, mahIyalaM gayA gayA / ___(pa. ca. 61.4) - kahIM para/kisI jagaha Ahata azva aura hAthI jamIna para par3e hue haiM / 19. katthai sandaNa sayakhaNDa kiya, katthai turaGga NijjIva thiya / (pa. ca. 43.1) - kahIM rathoM ke saiMkar3oM Tukar3e kiye gaye the, kahIM nirjIva ghor3e the / 20. katthai kappaduma diTTha teNa / / (pa. ca. 31.6) - kahIM usake dvArA kalpavRkSa dekhe gaye / 21. kattha vi loTTAviya hatthi-haDa / (pa. ca. 43.1) - kahIM hAthiyoM ke samUha loTa-poTa kiye gaye - 4.22. tahiM avasare mambhIsantu mau, saNNahevi dayAsaho pAsu gau / (pa. ca. 71.14) - usa samaya abhaya detA huA maya zastrAstra se susajjita hokara rAvaNa ke pAsa gyaa| 23. siyahe pAsu payaTTa dasANaNu / (pa. ca. 73.8) - rAvaNa sItA ke nikaTa gayA / 24. osaru pAsaho / (pa. ca. 74.5) - (tU) pAsa se haTa jA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 137 25. muccha NieppiNu rahuvai ghariNihe / . kari osariu va pAsaho kariNihe / (pa. ca. 73.12) - rAma kI patnI kI mUrchA ko dekhakara (rAvaNa usI prakAra haTa gayA) jaise - mAno hathinI ke pAsa se hAthI haTa gayA ho / 26. pacchae-pure vi rAvaNo / (pa. ca. 75.17) - Age-pIche bhI rAvaNa (hI dikhAI detA thA ) / 27. puNu pacchae hilihilanta sa-maya / khara-khurehiM khaNanta khoNi turaya / (pa. ca. 12.8) - phira teja khuroM se pRthivI khodate hue mada-sahita hinahinAte hue ghor3e (paidala senA ke) pIche the / 28. sAyaru uppari taNu dhari, tali ghallai rayaNAI / (ha. prA. vyA. 4.434) - sAgara Upara Upara kI ora ghAsa ko dhAraNa karatA hai (kintu) ratnoM ko paide meM rakhatA 29. peTTahu heTTi huAsaNu jAliu / (ja. ca. 3.12.13) . - peTa ke nIce agni jalAI gaI / 30. aggale-pacchale a-parippamANa / jau-jau je diTThi tau tau ji vANa / (pa. ca. 64.10) - (hanumAna ke) Age-pIche asImita bANa (the) / jahA~-jahA~ dRSTi (jAtI thI) vahA~-vahA~ hI bANa (the) / 31. thiu aggae-pacchae bhaDa-samUha / (pa. ca. 16.15) - yoddhA-samUha Age-pIche baiTha gayA / 32. tau dUre diTThi je jaNai suhu / (pa. ca. 9.2) - tumhArI dRSTi dUra se hI sukha utpanna karatI hai / 33. dUraho ji Niruddhau vairi-valu / NaM jambUdIveM uvahi-jalu / (pa. ca. 15.3) - zatrubala dUravartI sthAna para hI roka liyA gayA, mAno jaMbUdvIpa ke dvArA samudra kA jl| 34. valaho pAse thiu kusalu bhaNeppiNu / (pa. ca. 26.1) - kuzala pUchakara rAma ke pAsa baiTha gayA / . 35. rahei vijjulaGga aNupacchae, paDIvA-indu va sUraho pacchae / (pa. ca. 26.1) - (usake) pIche vidyudaMga cora zobhita hai, mAno sUrya ke pIche pratipadA kA candramA ho / 36. je riu aNupacchae lagga taho, gaya pAsu paDIvA Niya-Nivaho / (pa. ca. 5.6) - jo duzmana usake pIche lage the, (va) nija rAjA ke pAsa vApasa gaye /
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________________ 138 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 37. thiya caupAse parama-jiNindaho / (pa. ca. 3.10) - (devatA) parama jinendra ke cAroM ora sthita the / 38. caupAsiu vairihu~ taNiya saGka / . (pa. ca. 7.11) - cAroM ora se duzmanoM ko rokA hai / 39. posiya sAsaNahara caupAsehiM / (pa. ca. 20.1) - cAro ora zAsanadhara bheje gaye / 40. ko vi dUraho jje pANehiM vimuknu / (pa. ca. 65.3) - koI dUra se hI (hanumAna ko dekhakara) prANoM se chuTakArA pA jAtA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 pATha - 2 taba - jaba taba/usa samaya jaba/jisa samaya jaba samayavAcI avyaya 1. (i) taiyahu (ii) jaiyahuM (iii) tAvehi (iv) jAvehiM (v) ja (vi) taM (vii) jAma (viii) tAma/tAmva (ix) jAmahiM (x) tAmahiM (xi) evahiM (xii) kaiyahu taba jaba taba taba aba/abhI/isI samaya kaba 2. (i) jAma/jAu/jAmva (ii) tAma/tAu jaba taka taba taka Aja - kala 3. (i) ajja/ajju (ii) kalle/kallae (iii) parae (iv) ajja vi (v) aNudiNu (vi) dive-dive (vii) rattindiu (viii) rattidiNu (ix) ajju-kalle (x) kandivasu/ka divasa kala Aja taka pratidina pratidina rAta-dina rAta-dina Aja-kala meM kisI dina 4. (i) jhatti (ii) chuDu (iii) aireNa (iv) lahu zIghra zIghra zIghra zIghra =
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________________ 140 5. (v) NiviseNa (vi) takkhaNeNa (vii) takkhaNe (viii) forfare (ix) khaNe-khaNe (x) khaNantareNa (xi) khaNakhaNe (xii) turanta (xiii) turantaeNa (xiv) turante (xv) turantau (xvi) avAreM (i) Na kamAi (ii) ciru (iii) pacchae / pacchai (iv) pacchA (v) paDIvau (vi) ajjaho (vii) paDIvA - = - ZE = hara kSaNa = = * = * - = = - palabhara meM tatkAla tatkAla pala bhara meM = kucha dera ke bAda hI kSaNa-kSaNa meM turanta jaldI se jaldI se turanta turanta kabhI nahIM dIrghakAla taka bAda meM bAda meM apabhraMza bhAratI-2. phira / vApasa Aja se aura phira vApasa saMkalita vAkya prayoga 1. 1. diNNu deva pai~ maggami jaiyahu~ / Niyaya - saccu pAlijjai taiyahu~ // (pa.ca. 21.4) he deva (rAjana) ! Apake dvArA de diyA gayA hai, jaba maiM mAMgU, taba nija satya (vacana) pAlA jAe / 2. tahiM Nivasai mayaraddhau jaiyahu avaru cojju avayariyau taiyahu // ( NA. ca. 3.15.10 ) jaba nAgakumAra vahA~ nivAsa kara rahA thA taba eka (anya ) Azcarya ghaTita huA / 3. sari gambhIra niyacchiya jAvehiM, sayalu vi seNNu niyattau tAvehiM / (pa.ca. 23.4) jaba / jisa samaya gaMbhIra nadI dekhI gaI, taba hI / usa samaya hI samUcI senA lauTA dI gaI / 4. eha bolla nimmAdaya jAvehi, Dhuku bhANu atthavaNaho tAvehiM / (pa. ca. 23.9) jaba / jisa samaya ye vacana utpanna kiye gaye taba hI / usa samaya hI sUrya astAcala para pahu~ca gayA /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 141 5. dhaNaharu saru sArahi chtt-dnnddu| ja vANahiM kiu saya khnnddu-khnnddu| ta amarisa-kur3heM duddhareNa / saMbhAriya vijja vijjAhareNa (pa. ca. 37.15) - jaba bANoM ke dvArA dhanuSa, sara, sArathi aura chatra-daNDa sau-sau Tukar3e kara diye gaye, taba krodha se krUddha durjaya vidyAdhara ke dvArA vidyA kA smaraNa kiyA gayA / 6. ja dukkhu-dukkhu saMthaviu rAu, paDivolliya Niya ghariNie sahAu / (pa. ca. 37.6) - jaba bar3I kaThinAI se rAjA Azvasta kiyA gayA (taba) nija patnI dvArA pUchA gayA / 7. evahiM sayalu vi rajju karevau, pacchale puNu tava-caraNu crevu| (pa. ca. 24.5) - isa samaya/abhI (tumhAre dvArA) samasta rAjya hI bhogA jAnA cAhiye, pIche phira tapa kA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA caahiye| 8. aNNavi thovantaru jAi jAma, gambhIra mahANai diTTha tAma / (pa. ca. 23.13) - aura bhI, jaba (ve) thor3I dUra taka jAte haiM, taba (unake dvArA) gaMbhIra mahAnadI dekhI gii| 9. sIyae vutu puttu mahu evahiM, chuDu vaddhau chuDu dharau sukhevehiN| (pa. ca. 35.2) - sItA ke dvArA kahA gayA, abhI (tuma) mere putra (ho) / zIghra bar3ho, zIghra isa samaya sukha dhAraNa karo / 10. ja NisuNiu gAu bhayaGkaru, dAsarahi dhAiu / (pa. ca. 38.9) - jaba bhayaMkara nAda sunA gayA, (taba) rAma daur3e / 11. jAmahiM visamI kajjagaI jIvaha majjhe ei / tAmahiM acchau iyaru jaNu su-aNuvi antaru dei / (he. prA. vyA. 4.406) jaba jIvoM ke sAmane viSama kArya-sthiti utpanna hotI hai taba sAdhAraNa AdamI to dUra rahe, sajjana bhI unakI avahelanA karate haiM / 12. kaiyahu mANesahu rAya-siya / (pa. ca. 9.6) maiM rAja-lakSmI kA anubhava kaba karUgI ? 2.13. jAma Na patta vatta bhattAraho, tAma Nivitti majjhu AhAraho / (pa. ca. 50.10) jaba taka pati ke samAcAra upalabdha nahIM hue taba taka merI AhAra se nivRtti hai / 14. tAma Na jAmi ajju jAma Na rosAviu maI dasANaNe / (pa. ca. 51.1) jaba taka mere dvArA rAvaNa krodhita nahIM kiyA gayA taba taka maiM nahIM jAU~gA / 15. jAva Na suNami vatta bhattAraho tAva Nivitti majjhu AhAraho / (pa. ca. 38.19) - jaba taka pati kI kathA nahIM sunatI hU~ / taba taka merI AhAra se nivRtti rahegI / 16. amhehiM puNu jujjhevau samare tAva tiTTha Nayare / (pa. ca. 30.3) - hamAre dvArA phira yuddha meM lar3A jAyegA, taba taka nagara meM Thaharo /
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________________ 142 apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 17. tilahaM tilattaNu tAu para jAu na neha galanti / (ha. prA. vyA. 4.406) - tiloM kA tilapanA tabhI taka hai, jaba taka tela nahIM nikalatA hai / 18. ko vi bhaNai muhe paNNu Na lAyami / jAmva Na ruNDa-Nivahu NaccAvami / (pa. ca. 59.4) - koI kahatA hai 'maiM muMha meM pAna nahIM lUMgA jaba taka dhar3a-samUha ko nahIM nacAtA hU~ / 19. tAmva --- Niggau kumbhayaNNu / (pa. ca. 59.5) - taba --- kumbhakarNa nikalA / 3.20. avaseM kandivasu vi so hosai, sAhasagaihe jujjhu jo desai / (pa. ca. 47.3) - avazya hI kisI dina vaha (manuSya) utpanna hogA, jo sahasragati ke sAtha yuddha karegA / 21. kaM divasu vi hosai ArisAhu~, kaJcui-avattha amhArisAhu~ / (pa. ca. 22.3) - kisI dina isa prakAra hama jaise jJAnI logoM kI bhI kaMcukI ke samAna avasthA hogii| 22. ajjaho tuhu~ mahu rANau / (pa. ca. 20.11) . - Aja se tuma mere rAjA ho / 23. samau kumAreM ajja vi rAvaNa sandhi kareM / (pa. ca. 58.1) - he rAvaNa / tuma Aja bhI kumAra (lakSmaNa) ke sAtha sandhi karo / 24. jai bharahaho hoi subhicca ajju, to ajju vi lai appaNau rajju / (pa. ca. 30.9) - yadi tuma Aja bharata ke acche dAsa hote ho to Aja hI apanA rAjya le lo| 25. suNu kante kalle kAi~ karami / (pa. ca. 62.10) - he sundarI ! suno, kala maiM kyA karUMgA ? 26. tahiM hau~ palaya-davaggi kallae vaNe laggesami / (pa. ca. 62.11) - maiM kala usa vana meM pralaya kI Aga lagA dUMgA / 27. sA parae ghivesai kaho vi mAla / (pa. ca. 7.1) - vaha kala kisako mAlA pahanAyegI / 28. ajja vi kumbhayaNNu Nau Avai / (pa. ca. 67.8) - Aja taka kumbhakarNa nahIM AyA / 29. jANai diTTha deva jIvantI / aNudiNu tumhahaiM NAmu layantI / (pa. ca. 55.9) - he deva / jAnakI jItI huI aura pratidina tumhArA nAma letI huI dekhI gaI hai /
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________________ apabhraMza-bhAratI-2 143 30. dive-dive chindevau Au-taru / (pa. ca. 50.6) - AyurUpI vRkSa pratidina chedA jAyagA / 31. rattindiu laGkAuri-paesu / jagaDau vaisavaNaho taNau desu / (pa. ca. 10.7) - rAta-dina laMkApurI-deza aura, vaizravaNa kA deza jhagar3atA hai / 32. cintevvau jIveM ratti-diNu, bhave-bhave mahu sAmiu parama jiNu / (pa. ca. 54.16) - jIva dvArA rAta-dina yaha vicArA jAnA cAhiye ki bhava-bhava meM paramajina mere svAmI hoM / 33. mahu puNu caGgau avasaru vaTTai, jo kira ajju-kalle anbhiTTai / (pa. ca. 53.2) - phira mere lie acchA avasara hai, jo nizcaya hI Aja-kala meM yuddha karUMgA / 4.34. jhatti palittau aNuharamANu huAsaho / (pa. ca. 60.1) - Aga ke samAna, (vahI lakSmaNa) zIghra bhar3aka uThA / 35. sIyae vuttu 'puttu mahu evahiM / chuDu vaddhau chuDu dharau sukhevehiM / (pa. ca. 35.2) - sItA ke dvArA kahA gayA 'isa samaya (tuma) mere putra (ho) / tuma zIghra bar3ho, zIghra isa samaya sukha dhAraNa karo / 36. so aireNa viNAsai / / (pa. ca. 71.12) - vaha zIghra naSTa ho jAtA hai / 37. lahu saNNAha-bheri apphAliya / (pa. ca. 40.14) - zIghra hI saMgrAma-bherI bajavA dI gaI / .38. atthANa-khoha NiviseNa jAu / (pa. ca. 37.8) - pala bhara meM sabhA meM kSobha utpanna huA / 39. to ema pasaMsevi takkhaNeNa, "hiya-jANai' akkhiu lakkhaNeNa / (pa. ca. 40.13) - taba isa prakAra prazaMsA karake, lakSmaNa dvArA tatkAla (usI samaya) kahA gayA (ki) jAnakI haraNa karalI gaI hai / 40. takkhaNe jje paNNatti-valeNa viNimmiyaM valaM / (pa. ca. 46.3) - (unhoMne) vidyA ke bala se tatkAla (usI samaya) senA banAlI / 41. Nivise taM jama-Nayaru parAiu / (pa. ca. 11.9) - pala bhara meM vaha yama ke nagara pahu~ca gayA /
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________________ 144 42. khaNe khaNe vollahi NAI ayANau / (tuma) hara kSaNa ajJAnI kI taraha bolate ho / 43. paTThaviya visalla khaNantareNa / - - - 44. je muA vi jIvanti khaNakhaNe, dujjaya hari - vala honti raNaGgaNe / ( pa. ca. 70.1) mare hue bhI jo kSaNa-kSaNa meM jIte haiM (to) yuddha meM lakSmaNa kI senA durjaya hogii| 46. puNu Naravai maMdire gaya turanta / phira rAjA turanta mandira gayA / - 45. jo Naravara - lakkhehi paNavijjai / so pahu muau avAreM Nijjai / (pa.ca. 5.2) jo zreSTha nara lAkhoM dvArA praNAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prabhu marA huA turanta le jAyA jAtA hai / ( pa. ca. 69.8) 47. Niu rAmaho pAsu turantaeNa / - vizalyA kucha dera bAda bheja dI gaI / - 48. so risi saGga turante vandiu / -- ( vaha use) jaldI se rAma ke pAsa le gayA / 49. jaM jANahi taM karahi turantau / jo samajhate ho vaha turanta karalo / -- apabhraMza - bhAratI-2 vaha munisaMgha jaldI se vandanA kiyA gayA / - ( pa. ca. 44.12) (pa.ca. 69.15) ( pa. ca. 68.1) ( pa. ca. 57.5) 5.50 taM vihisaNA paraM pajampiyaM, dahamuhassa Na kayAi jaM piya / he vibhISaNa ! tumhAre dvArA yaha kahA gayA hai jo rAvaNa ke lie kabhI priya nahIM hai| 51. ciru jeNa Na icchiu dappaNau, rahe teNa NihAliu appaNau / (pa.ca. 61.3) jisake dvArA dIrghakAla taka ( bahuta samaya taka) darpaNa nahIM cAhA gayA, usake dvArA ratha meM svayaM dekha liyA gayA / ( pa. ca. 6.16 ) ( pa. ca. 6.16) 52. paDhamu sarIru tAhe romaJciu / pacchae Navara visAe skhaJciu / ( pa. ca. 50.3) pahale usakA zarIra pulakita huA kintu bAda meM (vaha) viSAda ke dvArA bharI gaI / 53. pahilau jujjhevau diTTi - jujjhu / jala - jujjhu paDIvau malla - jujjhu / ( pa. ca. 4.9) pahale dRSTi-yuddha lar3A jAnA cAhiye, phira jala yuddha aura malla - yuddha 54. jaM jiNevi Na sakkiu salila jujjha pAraddha paDIvau malla - jujjhu / (pa.ca. 4.11) jaba jala-yuddha jItane ke lie samartha nahIM huA (to) phira malla-yuddha prArambha kiyA gyaa|
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________________ 12/ digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita jainavidyA saMsthAna evaM apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI ke prakAzana kra. saM. mUlya 1-5. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI - prathama evaM dvitIya aprApya tRtIya, caturtha evaM paMcama bhAga - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla evaM anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha 350/6. jaina grantha bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna (aMgrejI bhASA meM zodha-prabandha) - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 50/7. mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 20/8. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 20/jaina zodha aura samIkSA - DaoN. premasAgara jaina 20/10. jiNadattacarita - sampAdaka - DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta evaM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 11. pradyumnacarita - sampAdaka - paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha evaM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 12/12. sarvArthasiddhisAra - sampAdaka - paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha aprApya 13. vacanadUtam (pUrvArddha evaM uttarAddha) - paM. mUlacanda zAstrI pratyeka 10/14. pa. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha smRti grantha 50/15. bAhubalI (khaNDakAvya) - paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha 16. yogAnuzIlana - zrI kailAzacanda bAr3hadAra 75/17. kAtantrarUpamAlA - bhAvasena traividyadeva 12/18. bodhakathA maMjarI - zrI nemIcanda paToriyA aprApya 19. purANasUktikoSa 15/20. vardhamAnacampU - paM. mUlacanda zAstrI 25/21. cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa - bra. kumArI kauzala 15/22. AcArya kundakunda : dravya vicAra - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI 15/23. cUnar3iyA - muni zrI vinayacandra, anu. - paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 1/24. ANaMdA - kavi mahAnandi, anu. - DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI 25. NemIsura kI jayamAla aura pANDe kI jayamAla - muni kanakakIrti evaM kavi naNhu, anu. - paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 26. samAdhi - muni caritrasena, anu. - paM. bha~varalAla polyAkA 27. buddhirasAyaNa oNamacaritu - kavi nemiprasAda, anu. - paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 10/ 5/
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________________ aprApya 2/ 7/ 28. apabhraMza racanA saurabha - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI sajilda 60/ ajilda 35/29. pAhuDadohA cayanikA - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI 13/30. saptatacca - sampAdaka - paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 7/31. apabhraMza kAvya saurabha - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI sajilda 125/ ajilda 75/sarvodaya-pustakamAlA 1. mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM - DaoN. zyAmarAva vyAsa 2. AcArya kundakunda - pa. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 3. atIta ke pRSThoM se - DaoN. rAjArAma jaina 3/4. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake siddhAnta - zrI rUpakizora guptA 5. samAdhimaraNasvarUpa - sampAdaka - paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA zodha-patrikA jainavidyA pustakAlaya hetu sAmAnyataH 1. jainavidyA-2, puSpadatta vizeSAMka, bhAga - prathama 50/ 30/2. jainavidyA-3, puSpadanta vizeSAMka, bhAga - dvitIya 50/ 30/3. jainavidyA-4, dhanapAla vizeSAMka 50/ 30/4. jainavidyA-5-6, vIra vizeSAMka 50/ 30/5. jainavidyA-7, muni nayanandI vizeSAMka 50/- 30/6. jainavidyA-8, muni kanakAmara vizeSAMka 50/- 30/7. jainavidyA-9, yogIndu vizeSAMka 50/- 30/8. jainavidyA-10-11, AcArya kundakunda vizeSAMka 50/9. jainavidyA-12, pUjyapAda vizeSAMka 15/apabhraMza-bhAratI vArSika mUlya 1. apabhraMza bhAratI-1, svayaMbhU vizeSAMka 75/- 40/2. apabhraMza bhAratI-2 noTa - zodha-patrikAoM ke eka varSa se pUrva prakAzita aMka parivardhita mUlya para upalabdha hoNge| bhugatAna ke lie DrAphTa "jainavidyA saMsthAna samiti" ke nAma se bhejeM / prApti-sthAna jainavidyA saMsthAna apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI, jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrImahAvIrajI-322 220 (rAjasthAna) bhaTTArakajI kI nasiyA, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-302004 30/ 15/
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