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Introduction
97
Amoghavarsa; ff. 2.4; Vrataphala-varnanam of Prabhācandra; then there is the Ms. M. containing the dohas only of P.-prakasa. Then there are stray leaves irregularly numbered and they contain portions of Prašnottararatnamalika, the Kannada commentary on Svarūpa-sambodhana, some verses on anuprēkså, some remarks in Kannada on the lokasvarūpa. Thus this bundle is made of Mss, and leaves of Mss. carelessly collected possibly by a copyist and tied between two boards. The stray leaves collected here must have rendered their remaining portions incomplete elsewhere.
This bundle has a modern label in Kannada like this: No. (20) ke basti (in Devanagari) 1) Nagakumara Yogěndragatha, mala tatha, karnatakavyakhyana. 2) Pra. nottarsaratnamalika. Sanskrta.' There is another No. 60 (in English) to the left of this label.
Common Characteristics of TKM-These three Mss., T. K. and M, have certain common characteristics which should not be taken as dialectal peculiarities, because they arise out of the nature of the script, viz.; Kannada and its phonetic traits, in which they are all written. In these Mss. I is uniformly shown as l; initial I is often written wrongly as a; no distinction between anunäsika and anusvåra is made : the script does not possess separate signs for these two; long and short vowels are not distinguished; d and dh,
ph etc. are not distinguished; d and dh are sometimes distinguished; very often i, u and e are represented by yi, yu and ye; the conjuncts are shown by a nolli, i.e., a fat zero preceding a consonant indicating that the following consonant is to be duplicated; in fact the conjuncts, therefore, have values like ghgh, khkh, thth, dhdh etc.; very often v and vy are shown as b and bb. In noting the variants I have ignored cases of !; some important anusvāras have been noted; d or dh and p or ph etc; are ignored; long and short vowels are correctly shown; and the conjuncts are written accordIng to Hemacandra's rule VIII, ii, 90. A few cases of bb are noted in the beginning: so ji and jo ji are uniformly written in these Mss, as sõjji and jöjji; so these readings are recorded in a few places in the beginning and then ignored.
Relation between T. K and M-As to the relation between these three Mss., they form one family and ultimately, behind some generations of Mss., they are copied from one and the same Ms. preferably with a Kannada commentary, as it is clear from the order and number of dohas and from their agreement even in errors sometimes. After II. 8 T, K and M have a Kannada phrase : mokşaman pildaparu. This phrase has some propriety in K. as it contains a Kannada commentary; but its presence in T only shows that it is also copied from an earlier Ms. having a Kannada commentary. Though T and K are written by the same copyist, they do not copy each other, but possibly they follow another Ms. having the text
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