Madhuvidya

Author(s): S D Laddu, T N Dharmadhikari, Madhvi Kolhatkar, Pratibha Pingle
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 296

M. A. MEHENDALE
garu G, S (and galu K), but gulu D, J; (guru occurs in G, S, M also as a borrowing).
(5) The semi-vowel y: As in the case of the other non-eastern versions, the semi-vowel y is preserved initially in the forms of the relative pronoun and in the indeclinables cf. yatha ru, yatharaha (yathårha) yr, ya or yarh (yat) ru, b (line 2), kpb, yr, värisa (yädréa) yr. But the eastern s version gives am with the loss of initial y.20 am occurs also once fn b in line 3. What is surprising is to find am in mk and atha in yr. It appears therefore that the original draft contained these forms because instances like e, am and atha were already known in the north-west due to their occurrence in the M version.21
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As in the Mysore version, we have y developed before i in upayita (upa+ita) in yr., The form upayata in b is a mistake for upayita. An analogical extension of this phenomenon in a compound form when the first member ended in i was noticed in diyadhiya (dvi+ardha) while dealing with the Mysore version. The same form occurs in all the remaining versions, including s and b. Another instance of this nature is hathiyaroha (hasti+aroha) in yr.
The optative endings -yu: -vu: The yr version gives the eastern opt. 3rd pl. ending -vu as against the non-eastern -yu given by the Mysore. version, cf. paräkamevu and jänevu (for pakameyu and jäneyu). This will show that the original draft had the ending vu under the eastern
20. This loss in the eastern versions is not regarded by BLOCH (1.c. p. 52) and J. VEKERDI (AO 3.324.1953) as a phonetic phenomenon, because y is not initially lost in the eastern versions in substantives and verb forms like yuta, yati etc. But in my opinion the phenomenon is so regular that perhaps it would be better to assume that the literary dialect has carried to the extreme the tendency which had appeared in the pronunciation of certain indeclinables and forms of the relative pronoun because they were of frequent occurrence in the speech. 21. A few other eastern forms like ava (yavat) are found at S also.
22. Of course it is possible to derive upayata from Vya. Compare, for instance, that the western G version uses Vya or Vniya, where the eastern and under its influence the north-western versions use Vnikhama (or Vnikrama) in the third and the eighth rock edicts (nikhama occurs in d, j also. The form ayāya in G VIII, can as well be derived from Vi, cf. HULTZSCH, p. lxviii, but cf. BLOCH, op. cit., p. 75). In the thirteenth rock edict, however, K and M versions have Vya, and S has vraca (G version is missing). In the same edict, as noun form vinikhamana, occurs in G also (K has vinikhamana, S nikramana, and M vinikramana). But so far as the versions of the MRE are concerned note the use of the verb Vi in the form upeta in kpb and ru. Perhaps upayāta may represent an attempt on the part of the scribe to correct the form upayita of the original draft as it was not properly understood. The form upeta noticed above and upagata in mk point to the same inference.
23. Also see below p. 95 where even the base palakama is shown to be eastern,
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