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18
• M. A. MEHENDALE ,
instances also of dissolution as in the east in the north-western versions of the major rock edicts. cf. viyapata or viyaprata (vyāpņia), pujetaviya (püjayitavya), kataviya (kartavya), etc. Therefore the instances from the Mysore group showing vy > viy are to be attributed to the borrowed eastern elements in the north-west.
The preservation of this cluster, as in the west, is found in two instances in the Mysore group, viz. vyūtha (vyuşta) and drahyitavya. It is possible that this was the standard western tendency in Asokan times.)
(3) The borrowing of the eastern trait through north-west is more evident in the treatment of the cluster kş. In the Mysore versions kş is assimilated to the guttural kh as in the east and not to the palatal ch as in (the north-west and) the west. Thus we have in the Mysore version khudaka (ksudraka). Now in the case of this very word it is interesting to note that even the northwestern versions show the eastern form with the guttural. cf. khudaka D, J; khuda or khudaka M, khudraka S; but the Girnār version gives the proper non-eastern form chuda or chudaka. In my opinion this evidence shows that khudaka happened to be in the original draft as by the time the minor rock edict was issued, the major edicts were already inscribed in the north-west and the borrowed eastern form with kh- had gained some currency there.
(4) In the Mysore version the cluster jñ >ñ as in the north
44. As mentioned above though instances of the preservation of this cluster are not found in the north-western versions of the Asokan edicts, this may have been a local tendency. cf. divya in the Kälsi version and the instances in the Niya Praksta dadavo and dadavya, BURROW $9, 841. The continuation of the borrowed eastern tendency of dissolution is also seen in the Niya Prāksta, cf. viyala (vyāla), BURROW $ 42 and word index. It is again worth while to observe that the separate edicts furnish one instance of the preservation, possibly as a north-western characteristic. cf. saricalitavya in j, but samcalitaviya in d. In the later Kharoşthi inscriptions, however, we have only the proper north-western tendency of assimilation, cf. MEHENDALE $ 522 (xvi):
45. C1. MEHENDALE $37 (1, iii). According to HULTZSCH (p. lxxxviii) ks remains in the S version. On p. 55, f.n. 5, however, he observes." In order to distinguish this sign (i.e., the one where it corresponds to sk. ks) from the real chh (ie. where it corresponds to skt, ch), transeribe it by ksh, but do not want to imply thereby that it was actually spoken like that." (brackets mine). Later Kharoşthi inscriptions show the continuation of the eastern influence as they show kh (MEHENDALE $ 526b), but Niya Präkrta shows ck, while the Kharoşthi Dh. has ch (BURROW $ 48). For ks > kk as a borrowing in the Dhammapada cf. DURROW BSOS 8.425. For ks in Gāndhāri cf. BAILEY, BSOS 11.770-75.
Madhu Vidya/298
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