Jain Gyan Mimansa aur Samakalin Vichar

Author(s): Alpana Agrawal
Publisher: Ilahabad University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010238/1

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Jain Epistemology and Contemporary Thought A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE Faculty of Arts UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD For The Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Alpana Agrawal Under the Guidance of Dr. S. L. Pandey, D. Litt., University Professor and Head Department of Philosophy University of Allahabad Department of Philosophy University of Allahabad Allahabad SEPTEMBER-1987

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"l ni-niily'aa o maaliin piy'aa laalaammaa liy'iaay' naa pkssaay' 4aa kaal // flaalii upAdhi hetu prastAta | gaa ddhl untu TzT: shmshaa oy'aal ghaag lingkH gp yaa bli yaay', priilite, bhuumi dhn bhisaa| dona vibhAga skulaangaar'aa "bidhiliy' gl shi blulaar lippiaaly' 1887

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sAmAnya rUpa se jaina-darzana ko do yugoM meM bAMTA jAtA hai bhAgamaaura nyAya yuga / yadi donoM yugoM kA jJAna-mImAtA kI dRSTi se adhya kiyA jAye to spaSTa hogA ki uparokA donoM pugoM meM jJAna-mImAMsA ke svarUpa meM antara hai| pAstava meM kahA jAye to Agama-yuga meM koI zAna-mImAtA nahIM kyoMki vahA para bAna-mImAsA kA svataMtra vivecana kahIM bhI nahIM milatA vastuta: usa yuga meM dArzanika vicAroM kA svatantratApUrvaka kahIM ullekha nahIM dhArmika vicAroM ke sandarbha meM hI dArzanika vicAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA isa yuga meM dArzanikoM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika jJAna kA hai, tAki bAna kA hai| yadhapi jaina dArzanika spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karate bhI jisa prakAra avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala jJAnoM kA jaina-gadhoM meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai usase unake paramparAgata dhArmika vizvAsoM aura vicAroM kI hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, jaina jJAnoM ko indriya janya aura atIndriya para bA~Tate huye bhI indriyajanya jhAnoM ko dUsare darzana maiM mAnya pratyakSA pramANa ke nahIM rakhate varan parokSa pramANa mAnate haiM, kyoMki jaina "akSA zAbda kA artha / na mAnakara AtmA" mAnate haiM aura utI jAna laukika jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate haiM jo AtmamAna sApekSa hotA hai | ata: spaSTa hai ki yahAjJAna tArkika vivecana kA abhAva hai| kevalajJAna kA vivecana 'nirapekSAna ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai kintu duSTi se isake vivepana kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki isa jJAna se pare mAnA gayA hai| ise tarka se pare eka AdhyAtmika anubhati ke rUpa upAdhi kiyA gayA hai| ye aise dhAna ke prakAra nahIM haiM jo vastugata jJAna ataH inheM vastagata jJAna kI kasauTiyoM se pramANita bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA yaha jJAnagata bheda hai hI nahIM, yaha to AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyA hai| jaina ra

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navIna jJAna prakAroM kI sambhAvanA mAnate haiM, ataH ina jJAna prakAroM ko rUda artha meM na lekara anubhava kI saMbhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM lenA cAhiye / jaina vicAroM ke anusAra, jJAna ko mokSa prApti meM eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| jJAna kA tArkika svataMtra jJAna-mImAMsA ke rUpa meM vikAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ jJAna ko savA~cca mahatva nahIM diyA gayA hai balki mUlyoM ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| jJAna ko pahIM taka mahatva diyA gayA hai vahA~ taka loka vyavahAra meM upayogI hai| yaha hI kAraNa hai ki jJAna ko utpatti aura mUlyAMkana donoM hI dRSTiyoM se sApekSa mAnA gayA hai / vAstava meM, isa dRSTi se jaina bhAna-mImAtA ko AnvIkSikI ke andara rakhA hI nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki AnvIkSikI meM tarka kA khaMDana kisI bhI prakAra se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu jaina dArzanika jJAnoM ke vivecana meM aMta meM, tarka kA khaMDana karate pratIta hote haiN| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki Agama yuga meM yadhapi jJAna prakAroM kA 'vivecana kiyA gayA kintu yaha vivecana dhArmika hI raha gayA, vahA~ tArkika vivecana kA abhAva hai jisase usa yuga meM svataMtra jJAna-mImAtA kA nimANa na ho skaa| __ tArkika jJAna-mImAtA kA bAda meM vikAsa huA jile nyAya paramparA ke rUpa meM rakhA jAtA hai| isa paramparA meM AcArya umAsvAti, simona, samantabhadra, aphalaka deva, vidhAnandi, vAdidevatari, mANikyanandi Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya hai| ina vidvAnoM ne usa samaya anya darzanoM kI tArkika pravRttiyoM se AgamakAlIna dhArmika jJAna-mImAtA kA sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| yahA jJAna kA tArkika spaSTIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa dikhAyI bhI par3atA hai| isa yuga meM dArzanika vicAroM kI taphapUrvaka pratiSThA kI gyii| isa sma meM pramANazAstra kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gyaa| isake pUrva jAgama yuga meM yadhapi pramANa pazabda kA

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prayoga hunA thA lekina pramANa ke svataMtra evaM vistRta vivaidhana kA abhAva thA / isa yuga meM, Agama yuga meM mAnya pAca jJAna prakAroM ko spaSTa rUpa se pratyakSa aura parokSa do pramANoM meM rakha diyA gyaa| sAtha hI lokaparamparA kA anusaraNa karate burI indriyapanya jJAnoM ko sA vyavahArika pratyakSa kI koTi meM rakha diyA gyaa| pratyakSa kA sAvyAvahArika aura pAramArthika do koTiyoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gyaa| isa sandarbha meM AvAyaM akAlaka kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| inhoMne pramANazAstra kI tArkika pratiSThA kI aura uparyukta do bhedoM meM pratyakSa kA tArkika dRSTi se vibhAjana kiyaa| bAda meM Ane vAle prAyaH sabhI dAnika akalaMka-kRta isa vibhAjana ko mAnate haiN| AcArya siddhasena kA bhI isa saMdarbha meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| unhoMne apanI kRti "nyAyAvatAra meM apane svataMtra vicAroM kA paricaya dete huye Agama ke viparIta tIna pramANa mAne - pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama | sAtha hI unhoMne tArkika DhaMga se anekAsavAda kI bhI pratiSThA kii| unakI sabase bar3I upalabdhi yaha thI ki unhoMne jaina nyAyazAstra kI yA pramANa nirUpaNa meM hI samApta nahIM kI paran nayA~ kA lakSaNa aura viSya batAkara jaina nyAyazAstra kI vizeSatA kI aura bhI dArzanikoM kA dhyAna khiiNcaa| uparyukta do paramparAoM ke atirikta jaina darzana meM hameM mAna kI eka aura paramparA milatI hai - naya mrmpraa| yaha na Agama paramparA hai, na nyAya paramparA: malika loka paramparA hai| yaha maya vicAra loka mA aura sAmAnya bhASA ke jo Adhunika darzana hai unakI koTi kA hai| isa rUpa meM jaina jAna-mImAtA maiM kaI atyAdhunika vicAroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| jaina dArzanika jJAna ko naya aura pramANa rUpa mAnate haiN| naya zAna ko

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koNa upasthiA karate haiN| cAhe utpatti kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye adhyA mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se, jaina satya ko paristhiti sApekSa mAnate huye satyatA-saMbhAvyatA ko banAye rakhate haiN| inakA nayavAda isI satya prAyikatA ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana karatA hai jo inakI jJAna-mImAtA meM pramukha hai| nayApada ke rUpa meM manA vyApaka dRSTikoNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai 'ki isameM eka hI bAta ko jAnane ke sabhI saMbhASita mArga pRthaka-pRthaka naya ke rUpa meM zAmila ho gaye haiN| tabhI mata naya sma meM pUrNa satya ko jAnane ke bhinna-bhinna upAya hai| vastu jJAna ko apekSAbheTa para nirbhara mAnA gayA hai isaliye sabhI matoM ko yahA eka dRSTikoNa mAnA gayA hai aura kisI matta kA sarvathA Dana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM vividha mata saMbhava hai : utane naya ho sakate haiM kintu sabhI nayoM kA samAveza dravyArSika aura pAyA ki do naSoM meM saMbhava mAnate haiN| AcArya tinasena ne atavAdoM ko vyAyika maya ke saMgala naya maiM samAviSTa kiyA / bauddhoM kI dRSTi ko payAyanaya meM anusUtra naya ke andara mAnA aura sAvya kA samAveza dravyArthika naya meM evaM vaizeSika darzana ko donoM nayoM meM samAviSTa maanaa| nayoM kI taraha nikSepoM ke dvArA bhI jainoM ne virodha samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyaa| nideSa yojanA jainoM kI nayoM kI taraha hI mAlika yojanA hai| Agama yuga meM anuyoga dvAra meM nikSepa ko naya ke sAtha svataMtra sthAna milA jabaki pramANa ko nahIM milA / nyAya yuga meM bhI prAya: sabhI tAlikA ne tatva-nirUpaNa meM pramANa aura naya ke sAtha hI nikSama kA bhI vicAra kiyaa| bhainoM kI isa jJAna-mImAMsA se spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina tAkikoM ko yaha spaSTa ho cukA thA ki pratyeka mata meM kucha pUrvAgraha hote haiN| darzana eka vyavasthA nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi eka vyavasthA hai to usakI virodhI vyavasthA bhI hai| koI bhI mata ekAnta sma se satya nahIM hai| unake vicAroM se spaSTa hotA hai

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ki darzana eka saMpratyaya yA spaSTIkaraNa hai| aisA hI vinTensTAina ne bhI kahA ki darzana vicAroM kA tArkika spaSTIkaraNa evaM vizleSaNa hai| vizleSaNa kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi yaha hI hai ki yaha kisI vyavasthA ko na mAnakara viziSTa ma kI sthApanA karatA hai / yaha hI nayavAda kI upalabdhi hai / jahA~ taka koI saMpratyaya mata hai vahA~ taka ThIka hai kintu jahA~ use eka vyavasthA ke rUpa meM sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ vaha mithyA durnaya ho jAtA hai / isI kAraNa jaina jJAna- mAtA meM nayavAda kI pramukha sthAna diyA gayA / jainoM kI jJAna-mImAMsA ke adhyayana se spaSTa hogA ki unakI eka jJAna atarar nahIM hai / Agama, nayAya va naya tInoM bhinna dRSTikoNa hai jinakA samanvaya nahIM ho sakatA / dRSTikoNoM kI isI bhinnatA kA pariNAma hai ki kahIM inakI jJAna-mImAMsA Adhunika vAstavavAda, buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda ke samIpa lagatI hai to kahIM pratyayavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke samIpa aura kahIM arter aura vyavahAravAda ke samIpa / jahA~ taka jJAna kI viSamatA kA prazna hai jaina yathArthavAdI evaM vastuvAdI vyAkhyA karate pratIta hote haiM, satyatA ke putrana para sApekSavAdI vyAvahAravAdI mata ke samarthaka aura sarvajJatA ke prazna para adhyAtmavAdI darzana ke samIpa lagate haiM / ataH inakI eka jJAna-mImAMsA nahIM hai / araykAroM ko eka jJAna ke stara ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / isa rUpa meM inakA samanvaya asaMbhava hai| vAstava meM, jaina dArzanika sabhI jJAnoM kA samanvaya bhI nahIM karate haiN| ye dikhAte haiM ki jJAna ke vividha prakAra haiM aura unameM koI virodha nahIM hai kintu samanvaya kaise hotA hai yaha spaSTa nahIM karate / virodha parihAramAtra samanvaya nahIM hai / phira eka meM aisA virodha nahIM hai ki eka hai to dUsarA nahIM hai / yaha hI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ jJAna kI koI aisI paribhASA nahIM dI gaI jo sabhI jJAnoM meM lAgU hotI ho / kahIM Agama ke anusAra paribhASA dI gaI to kahIM tArkika paribhASA aura kahIM naya ke anusAra rA

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anta meM, maiM apane zodha-nirdezaka DA0 saMgamalAla pANDeya, prophesara evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidhAlaya ke prati AT se abhibhUta hU~ ki yaha zodha-bandha unhIM ke mArgadarzana ke kAraNa saMbhava ho sakA / unakA pitRvat sneha mujhe sadaiva prerita karatA rahA hai| unhoMne apane vyastatama kSaNoM meM bhI sadaiva mere viSaya kI kSamatAoM kI jAnakArI dii| sAtha hI, maiM una sabhI kI bhI hRdaya se AbhArI, jinhoMne so sa zodha-prabandha ke okhana aura prastutIkaraNa meM milI bhI rUpa meM sahAyatA pradAna sthAna : alAhAbAda dinAMka : || sitambara, 1987 29manA kara alAnA agravAla

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pramANa-patra pramANita kiyA jAtA hai ki alpanA azavAla ne DAkTara oNpha philaoNsaphI kI upATi ke lie klA saMkAya ke antargata mere nirdezana meM na zAna-mImAMsA evaM samakAlIna vidhAra" viSaya para kArya kiyA hai| yaha kArya vizvavidhAlaya ke niyamoM ke anusAra biyA gayA hai yA zodhakatrI ke pAsa isake lima Avazyaka yogyatA Gononenata? ETD saMgamalAla pAya prophesara evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa | mhl bishaanaa ila TETbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilaahaabaad|

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Amukha prathama adhyAya dvitIya adhyAya tRtIya adhyAya caturtha adhyAya paMcama adhyAya ghaSTha adhyAya saptama adhyAya aSTama adhyAya saMdarbha grantha sUcI anukramaNikA pramANa kA tArkika vizleSaNa pratyakSa pramANa kevala jJAna-navIna pariprekSya parokSa pramANa pramANa, naya aura nikSepa anumAna darzana kI samagratA midhyAtva siddhAnta pRSTha saMkhyA i- vi 001 027 051 061 111 131 - 146 026 050 086 - 110 060 OBS 130 145 - 165 166 - 171

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XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX prathama - adhyAya pramANa kA tArkika vizleSaNa XXXXX

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pRthama - adhyAya pUmANa kA tAki piraleSaNa pramANa-pathA: bhAratIya dAna ke alAza sampradAyoM meM pramANa ke viSaya meM vistRta pavAra kI gayI haiN| DA surendranAtha dAsagupta ke anusAra pramANa* zabda kA prayoga mukhyataH do rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai - eka to asatya aura bhramapUrNa mAnatika dhAna ke viparIta satya mAnasika zAna ke artha meM, aura dUsare, jJAna ko utpanna karane pAlI paristhitiyAM ke saMgraha yA mAdhyama ke spa meM / / pratyeka darzana kA jJAna ke sambandha meM viziSTa dRSTikoNa hI pramANa ke ina donoM arthoM ke viSaya meM matabheda hone kA kAraNa hai| jaina darzana meM pramANa kA saMpatthapa anya darzanoM ke saMpratyayoM se bhinna hai| isa bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie jaina darzana meM do yugoM - prAcIna yuga aura Adhunika yuga kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna yuga, jise zAgama yuga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai. meM pramANa ke viSaya meM vizeSa yA nahIM kI gayI hai| yadyapi usa yuga meM bhI anya darzanoM meM pramANa-pagAra calatI thI aura jaina dArzanika unase anabhijJa nahIM the, phira bhI unhoMne apane maulika jJAna-siddhAnta meM pramANa ko sthAna nahIM diyA| itara donoM meM sAmAnyata: satya aura asatyamAna kA bheda pradarzita karane ke lie pramANakA Apraya liyA gayA hai| isake viparIta, jaina dArzanikoM ne satya aura asatya jJAna meM hI meda sthApita karake pramANa kA prayojana jJAna dvArAhIpurA kara liyaa| isa kAraNa Agama yuga meM "pramANa-vA" mAna-carcA ke antargata hI hai| phira bhI, pena dArzanika anya darzanoM meM calatI pramANa-cayA se aprabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki yatra-tatra donoM Agamika gandhoM meM pramANa aura bAna* donoM zabdoM kA prayoga hotA rhaa| yahA isake ullekha kA prayojana itanA mAtra dikhAnA hai ki jaina-darzana meM zAma se dhaka karake pramANa kA veicana navIna

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yuga meM hI jhA hai, jise nyAya-yuga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa viSaya para vistRta vivedhana dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jI ne kiyA hai| *jJAna* aura "pramANa meM kyA saMbaMdha hai" - isa viSaya para spaSTa vicAra umAsvAti ke gandha meM milatA hai| unhoMne hI sarvaprathama zAna" aura "pramAga kA spaSTa saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA aura kahA ki "jJAna* mati, bhuta, avadhi, manaH paryaya aura kevala jJAnA hI pramANa hai| ataH unhoMne bAna' aura 'pramANa' meM ameTa saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA / umAsvAti ke pAyAta adhikAza jaina - vicArakoM ne unake mata kA anusaraNa kiyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jJAna aura pramANa meM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho gyaa| Pottamam akalaMka deva ke anusAra - pramANa zabda 'bhAva, kaI aura karaNa* ina tInoM ayoM meM prayukta hotA hai| jaba bhAva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to pramA ko pramANa kahate haiM, kA artha meM pramAtRtva pAkti kI pradhAnatA hotI hai jabaki karaNa artha meM pramAtA, prameya aura pramANa kI bheda vivaer hotI hai| inameM se vivakSAnusAra artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA pramANa ke bhASasAdhana aura kartu-sAdhana ke rUpa para kucha ApattiyAM uThAI gayI thI jinakA samAdhAna akalaka ne kiyA hai| yadi pramANa ko bhAva-sAdhana ke artha meM liyA jAye to yUMki pramA hI pramANa hai aura pramA hI phala hai atazya, pramA ke pala hone ke kAraNa pramA ke pala kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| taka kA samAdhAna karate hue akSAMka kahate haiM ki AtmA ko indriyoM

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dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai vahI usakA phala hai| ataH pramANa kA mukhya phala ajJAnanivRtti hI hai| pramANa ko yadi kartuM - sAdhana mAnA jAya to pramANa pramAtA - rUpa ho jAtA hai| anya zabdoM meM, pramAtA AtmA adhAta guNI aura usakA guNa - rUpa jJAna bhinna-bhinna hoMge kyoMki guNI aura guNa meM bheda hotA hai| parantuaisI dhAraNA baina - darzana ke usa AdhArabhUta siddhAMta ke viparIta pAtI hai jisake anusAra jJAna AtmA te pRthaka nahIM hai| isa saMdarbha meM akalaMka kA kahanA hai ki ArmA kA guNa zAna hai / kAna aura AtmA apanI svAbhAvika pUrNa avasthA meM eka-dUsare se pRthaka nahIM raha skte| yadi jJAna ko AtmA se sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAtA hai to AlA "pa kI taraha "a" - kAnanya jAI ho jaayegii| kuMdakaMda kA kathana hai ki yadi jJAnI aura jJAna ko sadA eka dUsare se bhinna padArthAntara mAnA jAyegA to donoM apetana ho jAyeMge / kyoMki jJAna ke binA AmA nahIM raha sktii| ata: kSAna AtmA hai| ___yadi pramANa aura prameya bhinna-bhinna haiM to kyA yaha saMbhava hai ki koI prameya pramANa ho jAye' isake uttara meM, akalaMka kahate haiM ki yadi pramANa svayaM apanA prameya nahIM bana sakatA, to isakA artha hogA use apanI sattA siddha karane ke lie dUsare pramANa kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, dUsare pramANa ko tIsare pramANa kA aura isa prakAra anavasthA-prasaMga upasthita ho jAyegA / yadi jJAna ko dIpaka kI taraha sva* aura "para' kA prakAzaka mAnA jAye to pramANa aura prameya ke sA kI uparyukta samasyA kA hala ho jAtA hai| prameya, nizcita rUpa se, prameyahI hai, kintapamANa - pramANa bhI hai aura prameya bhI 10 karatA hai| pUjApAda kA kathana hai, jisa taraha dIpaka ghaTAdi padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai aura apane sparUpa ko usI samaya prakAzita apane svasya ko prakAzita karane ke lie dIpaka ko dUsarI pantu kA Azaya nahIM lenA par3atA, usI prakAra jJAna 'sva' aura 'para donoM ko prakAzita karatA hai|" Azaya yaha hI hai ki pramANa pasta pramAga aura

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prameSa donoM hI hai| siddhasena pramANa ke kaI artha batalAte haiN| unakA kAna hai ki kastA-kAraka meM pramANa kA artha AtmA, karma-kAraka maiM padArtha, karaNa-kAraka meM jJAna, sampadAna-kAraka meM artha-kiyA, apAdAna kAraka meM kAraNa-kalApa, adhikaraNa kAraka yopazAma aura bhASa-sAdhana meM pramiti hotA hai| pramANa ke ina jJAta arthoM meM pramANa kA abhISTa artha zAna hai, kyoMki anya arthoM kI parIkSA zAna para nirbhara hai| ata: bAna hI pramANa hai "mIyate anena iti pramANama yahI pramANa kA dhyutpattimalakA artha hai 112 yahA eka prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi pramANa kA abhISTa artha jJAna hai to pramANa ke ina sAta arthoM ko mAnane kA aucitya kyA hai' isa prazna kA samAdhayana jaina-darzana ke anekAntavAda* meM pAyA jAtA hai. jahA vastu ko anannAghamAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| ata: jahA para pramANa kA jo artha upayukta ho, vahA~ para yahI artha liyA jaaye| yahA jisake dvArA ThIka-ThIka jAnA jAye usa karaNa sAdhana ke artha meM "ITna" pramANa kA lakSaNa ho sakatA hai| zAna ke dvArA jJAtA vastu ko jAnatA hai| yaha jJAna AtmA maiM rahatA hai isalie yaha AmA kA dharma hai| ata: jJAna AtmA se abhinna hai| sAna kI pramANatAH jaina-darzana siddhAntataH pramANa ko kaI arthoM meM prayoga karatA hai lekina phira bhI utako mukhyataH jJAna ke artha meM hI prayoga karatA hai| parantu aisA mAnane kA kAraNa kyA hai' ise spaSTa karane ke lie pramANa kA ladA jAnanA apekSita hai| pUjyapAda kA kahanA hai, jo acasI taraha bAna prApta kara letA hai yA jisake .rA mAna acchI taraha pAna liyA jAtA hai yA jo miti hai vaha pramANa hai| alaMkadeva kA kathana hai, jo pramA kA sAdhakatama kAraNa ho yA jisake dvArA acchI taraha se jAnA jAtA

Page #17
hai, vaha pramANa hai 114 mANikyanandi ke vicAra meM - he tyAjya evaM upAdeya grAma rUpa-padArthoM kI tithi jJAna- pramANa ho hotI hai 115 artha-saMtati ke pradhAna kAraNabhUta pramANa se vastusparUpa kA yathArtha jJAna hotA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki pramANa kA kArya vastu ke yathArtha rUpa ko pradarzita karanA hai / pramANa ke isa kArya meM jJAna sahAyaka hotA hai / anya darzana dvArA mAnya sannikarSa, indriyavRtti, yogyatA Adi jJAna kI utpAdaka sAmagrI meM to sammilita kiye jA sakate haiM, kintu ye svayaM avetana hone ke kAraNa pramANa ke sAdhAraNa nahIM ho sakate 116 pramANa kA sAkSAtkaraNa to vetana jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / laghIyastra kI vivRtti meM isI jJAna kI pramANatA kA samarthana karate hue akalaMka deva ne likhA hai ki AtmA ko pramiti kriyA yA svArthavinizcaya meM, jisakI apekSA hotI hai, vahI pramANa hai aura vahI sAdhakatama rUpa se apekSaNIya jJAna hai | 17 O pramANa saMpatyaya kA vikAsa : jaina dArzanikoM kI pramANa-viSayaka paribhASAoM kA kramika vikAsa dekhane ke lie unake aitihAsika vivecanoM ko dekhanA hogA | umAsvAti ne sarvaprathama, jJAna aura pramANa kA spaSTa nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| ataH umAsvAti kI pramANa-paribhASA kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai / inake mata meM matijJAna, zutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna, jJAna ke pramANa ke pAMca prakAra haiM 112 umAsvAti ke hI mata maiM samyaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| jisakA artha hai jo prazasta DI, avyabhicArI ho aura saMgata ho / umAsvAti ke pazcAtvartI vicArakoM ne pramANa ke lakSaNa meM "jJAna" pada ko

Page #18
to sthAna diyA, kintu usa jJAna ke "samyaka vizeSaNa ke sthAna para anya vizeSaNoM siddhasena ne "svaparAvabhAti jJAna ko pramANa kahA / kA prayoga kiyaa| 20 yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki jJAna ke Age "svaparAvabhAsaka" aura "svaparAvabhAti" jaise citraNa prayukta karane kI AvazyakatA kyoM pratIta huI' isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki anya drshnoN| jaise mImAMsA, nyAya, vaizeSika aura sAyA meM jJAna ko svaprakAzita na mAnakara para prakAzita mAnA gayA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna kI paraprakAzitA kA khaMDana karane ke lie uparokta virodha kA prayoga kiyA / jaina-paramparA kA spaSTa vicAra hai ki yadi jJAna sva-saMvedI na ho to use pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jJAna, dIpaka kI bhA~ti, dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai aura svayaM apane ko bhI / jJAna kA artha hI haivaha jo svapukAzita ho / jJAna dIpaka kI bhA~ti jagAtA huA vahI utpanna hotA hai | 21 siddhasena jJAna ko svaparAvabhAti vizeSaNa dete hue eka anya vizeSaNa bhI dete hai - bAdhAvivarjita / siddhasena ke anusAra, svaparAvabhAti aura bAdhAvivarjita jJAna pramANa hai 1 22 unakA kathana hai ki kucha vyaktiyoM meM zArIrika kamiyA hotI hai jisake phalasvarUpa unakA jJAna bAdhAyukta ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta, tatvamItI samasyAoM para galata dRSTikoNa bhI bAdhaka hotA hai| aise jJAna ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA | ina duSTikoNoM ke nirAkaraNa ke uddezya se hI siddhasena ne bAdhA vivarNita vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai / - akalaMkadeva ne pramANa kA eka aura nayA lakSaNa diyA "avisaMvAdI" 125 unake anusAra avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai, kyoMki svatavedana to jJAna sAmAnya kA lakSaNa hai

Page #19
ANatA aura apramANatA kA nirNaya adhisaMvAda aura visaMvAda ke AdhAra para karanA cAhiye / akalaMka - dvArA pramANa ke isa navIna lakSaNa kA aucitya yahI hai ki koI bhI jJAna ekAnta tyatai pramANa nahIM hotA / cU~ki indriyA sImita zakti vAlI hotI hai, isalie indriyoM dvArA prApta jJAna sadaiva satya nahIM hotA / rela se bAhara dikhAI dene vAle dUdha, makAna, pahAr3a Adi ke astitva ke viSaya meM koI visaMvAda na hone ke kAraNa una cIjoM kA jJAna avisaMvAdI hai kintu calatI rela se vRkSa makAna, pahAr3a Adi kA calanA visaMvAdI hone se apramANa hai / sabhI bhramapUrNa jJAna visaMvAdI hone se anumAna hI haiN| avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa mAna lene para avisaMvAdI jJAna ke artha kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| akalaMka ke anusAra, adhisaMvAdI jJAna kA artha hai aisA jisameM bAhya vastu jaisI hai paisI hI jJAna meM puSTa ho anya zabdoM meM, bAhya vastu kA yathAvat jJAna meM prakaTIkaraNa hI adhisaMvAda jAye | hai / isa saMbaMdha meM, yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki akalaMka avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa mAnate huye use anadhigatArthagrAhI bhI kahate haiN| 24 pramANa ke isa navIna lakSmakA abhiprAya hai - aisA jJAna pragANa hogA jisakA kisI dUsare pramANa se nirNaya na kiyA gayA ho / pramANa kA viSaya "a" hai | mAnanda avAka deva ke pramANa ke uparokta navIna la kA samarthana karate pratIta hote haiM jaba ve pramANa ko apUrva vizeSaNa dete haiN| sAtha hI kahate haiM ki "sva" arthAt, apane Apake aura "apUrvArdha arthAt jise kisI anya pramANa nahIM jAnA jA sakatA aise padArtha ke nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiM 25 Can "apUrva" zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue mANikyanandi kahate hai ki jisa padArtha kA pahale "kisI pramANa se nizcaya nahIM kiyA gayA ho use apUrvArtha kahate haiM 126 Apane vAha yaha bhI kahate haiM ki kevala anirNIta padArtha hI apUrva nahIM hote balki aise padArtha bhI apUrva hote haiM jinako yApi anya mAdhyamoM se grahaNa kiyA jA cukA hotA hai parantu

Page #20
phira bhI unameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura vyavasAya utpanna ho gayA ho 127 prabhAbandra sa mata kA samarthana nahIM karate, kyoMki unake mana meM jo bhI jJAna abhyabhicArAdi se viziSTa pramA ko utpanna karatA hai vaha pramANa hai, cAhe vaha jJAna adhigataviSayaka ho pA anadhigatAviSayaka / vidhAnandi ne kahA ki "sva" aura "apUrva artha kA nizcaya karane vAlA bhAna hI pramANa hai, vaha gRhItagrAhI ho yA agRhiitgraahii| unhoMne pramANa ko sunizcitarAmavAdhakattva ' viga diyA aura se hI pUrti vyavasAyI mAnA / pramANa-lA 'vivecana ke prasaMga meM hemacandra kA ulleka Avazyaka hai| unakA kamAna hai ki rathakAzIbAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki pramANa kI bhAtiya, piparyaya aura anabhyavasAya Adi apramANa bhI svasaMvedI hote haiM 128 hemacandra ke mA meM artha kA samyaka nirNaya pramANa hai / 29 pramANa hI paribhASAoM ke uparyukta vizlega se smATa hai fir jainadArzanikoM dvArA pramANa ke lakSaNa ke sya meM kiIdha pada prayoga kiye gaye, jaise- samyaka. avisaMvAdI, anAdhigatANAhI, svapUSArthavyavasAyI aura bAdhAvidhArjita, sparASabhAti / yahA~ sthAbhAvika spa se prazna utA hai ki pramANa ke vidhA meM yaha mAtabheda koM hai, kyA pragANa kI koI sarvamAnya paribhASA ho sakatI hai" yaha prazna atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| vastutaH zabdoM kI ina vibhinnatAoM ke pIche satyatA kI kaI tauTiyA kisI pramANa kI satyatA kI kasauTI: pUrva-vivedhana se spaSTa ho yukA hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra zAna pramANa

Page #21
hai, lekina cUMki sabhI jJAna kI pramANa nahIM mAne jAte, kAliye yahA~ jJAna ke "rAna" kA prazna uThatA hai / satyApita jJAna hI pramANa hai / parIkSA kisa AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai, "satya" kA kyA artha hai, vyAkhyA ke lie baina dArzanikoM dvArA samyaka, adhisaMvAdI, svaparAvabhAti, svapUvAryavyasAyI, anadhigatArthagrAhI aura bAdhAviti Adi vividha padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ina mApadaMDoM dvArA hI unhoMne "satya" ke sthalpa ko sapanTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / areer ke ina mApadaMDoM meM Apasa meM koI saMgati pratIta nahIM hotI hai / yaha bAta yadi pAzvAtya-darzana meM satyatA ke svatpa aura affart ke adhyayana ke sandarbha meM jaina-darzana kI satyatA aura kasauTiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAye to adhika spaSTa hogii| isI kI pAzcAtya-darzana meM mukhyataH satyatA kI tIna kasauTiyA hai - saMvAditA yA anukUlatA kA siddhAnA | correspondence Theory hai, abAdhita athavA samasyA kA sAnA Icoherence Theory aura arthakriyAvAdI (yA upayoPragmahi Theory 1 30 gitAvAdI) sita hai jo yathArtha se mela khAye, are ke fear linA ke anusAra satya jo vAstavikatA ke anuSya ho / isa prakAra, isa vinta ke anusAra anukUlatA kI satya kA lakSNa hI nahIM varan satyatA kI kasauTI bhI mAnA gayA hai / jainadarzana satyatA kI isa kasauTI meM vahA sahamata pratIta hotA hai jahA~ pramANa kA lakSaNa samyaktva aura avisaMvAditva mAnA gayA hai / samyaktva ko paribhASita karate hue Aga ke jJAtAoM ne kahA hai samyaka jJAna vaha hai jo padArthako nyUnatArahita evaM adhikatArahita jyoM kA tyoM jAnatA hai / isI prakAra aktiMvAditva kA lakS kiyA gayA hai, vaha jJAna kA tathya yA yathArthatA se visaMvAda na ho, aisA jJAna jisameM bAyA kI pathAgat upalabdhi ho / bAhyArtha kI yathAvat prApti aprApti

Page #22
para avisaMvAda aura disaMbAda nirbhara hai| ataH isase yahA nilo nikalatA hai ki vaha hI bAna satya thA, dUsare zabdoM meM, pramANA ho sakatA hai jo samyak hI 3 mAramAti tathA hemacandra ke anusAra tathA apitavAdI ho akAlaka ke anusAra, aura vastu kA yathAtathya citraNa athavA yathArthatA kI adhAta mAna meM upayati hI satyatA kI kasauTI hai| satya kI isa kasauTI ko yadi mAna liyA jAye, to isameM kucha kaThinAiyA sAmane AtI hai, jaisA ki kasoTI ko mAnane vAle pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ke sAmane bhI hotI rahI haiN| bAna kI yathArthatA se anupAtA usa taraha nahIM mApI jA sakatI, jisa taraha koI bhautika vastu mApI jAtI hai| rAke atirikta, koI 'kisI tavya kA saMvAdI hai| yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai bhAna tathya ke anuzala hai yaha kahanA tabhI sArthaka hai, jabaki hameM usa tathya kA, usa zAna se, koI svataMtra pUrvajJAna ho cukA ho| lekina pAna uThatA hai jisakA pUrvajJAna ho cukA ho usake phira se jJAta hone kA kyA aucitya hai' yaha tathya kA jJAna honA pramANa ke anAdhigatAgrAhI lakSaNa ke viruddha hai kyoMki isa laga ke anusAra pramANa kA kArya pramANAntara se aniIta artha kA nirNaya karanA hotA hai| pira yaha kahanA ki "patilArI haiM tathya ke sAtha saMvAda rakhatA hai jo punati mAtra hai, kyoMki tathya spardha dhAta viyoM meM karate hai tathya tathA sAya eka bArA hai| ata: mAtra saMghAditya se pratyaka jJAna ke satya kI ti nahIM kI jA sktii| eka to zAna kA pattathya meM saMvAda sthApita karanA hI asaMbhava hai, phira yadi vastutadhya kI hamArI dhAraNA galata hai to saMbAda bhI galata hogA jisake pariNAmasvalpa mithyA bhAna bhItya siddha ho jAyegA / kucha paina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke tIna lakSaNa batAye haiM - abAdhitva, adhyAbhidhAritva aura sNgiit| jaisA ki pUrva-vivecana se spaSTa ho zukA hai usa jJAna ko pramANa mAnege jisa mAna kI roSa zAna se saMgati ho| isakA AbhAya hai ki kucha

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dArzanikoM ne satyatA kI kasauTI saMgati mAnI hai| pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI AdarzavAdI dArzanika jinameM hegela, grIna, bosAka aura baDane pramukha haiM, ne saMgati ko satyatA kI kasoTI mAnA hai| inake anusAra hamAre mAna kI satyatA pokAna ke sAya saMgati meM nihita hai| yadi hamArA vartamAna tAna pUrvajJAna ke viparIta hai to ho sakatA hai ki hamArA vartamAna zAna galata ho / yadyapi kabhI -kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki navIna khojauM evaM anusaMdhAnoM - prArA hamArA pUrvajJAna galata siddha kara diyA jAtA hai aura navIna zAna ko satya / kintu hA~ para spAra hai ki navIna jJAna aura pUrNAna meM maMgati zApita kara dI gayI aura donoM meM virodha samApta kara diyA gyaa| kA tAtparya hai ki kisI bhI vAna satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA | bAna meM saMgati, jJAna kI satyatA ke vizvAsa ke lie Avazyaka hai| isa sidvAnA meM bhI kaI kaThinAyA hai| sarkazAstra meM zaEiRT II Non- contradichom : vizleSaNAmaka parAma kI satyatA kI kasauTI hai| vileAmaka parAmazoM kA artha hai - aise parAmarza jo koI navIna jJAna to nahIM dete haiM parantu ina parAmazoM meM vidheya udezya kA pATIkaraNa mAtra bhArate haiN| 'piAleDANA (maka parAmardhA ko udAharaNa se spaSTa kara sakate hai jaise nibhuja ke tInoM kogoM kA yoga do samakoNoM ke yoga ke barAbara hotA hai. isa mine-TeT parAmA meM udezya tribhuja ke tInoM mogA yoga se hI yaha bAta ho jAtI hai ki vidha do samakoNa ke yoga ke barAbara hogaa| kintu vidhArA udadezya ke y, kN k mil sii" / skul jnyaan klaa shikssk maa ngk sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jJAna maiM vidheya ko udveSaya meM zubha naI bAteM jor3anI caahiye| jisa parAmarza meM vidheya udadezya maiM kucha naI bAteM jor3atA hai usa mahAmarza ko saMjJalelAmA parAmarza karate hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki yadi satyatA kI kasoTI abAdha kA niyama mAna liyA

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jAye to mAna sirpha milegAtmaka parAmazoM taka sImita raha jAyegA aura sampUrNa zAna sadaivyukta ho jaayegaa| pAzcAtya-darzana maiM DeviDa hayUma ne isI prakAra mAtra abAdha-niyama ko satya kI kasauTI mAnakara sampUrNa jJAna ko saMdezayukta sita kiyA thA / hyUma ke pazcAttI jarmana dArzanika imainyuala kATa ne barAma ke mata kA tApUrNa saMDana kara diyA thA | kATa ne dikhAyA ki saMghaleSaNAtmaka parAmoM kI satyatA para saMdiza nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jJAna sirpha yaha nahIM hai ki "caukora gola nahIM hai", paran vA jJAna kI satyatA meM kiMcita daTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki amuka meja eka viziSTa AkAra aura viziSTa raMga kI hai| abAdhitA ke niyama ko satyatAhI toTI kyoM gAnA pAye' yadi saMgati aura abAdhitA ko bAna kI satyatA kI kasauTI mAnA jAye to jisa prakAra satya mAnoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra pey'e phlaash * maashy' gtthir kaatt blg caanii kaabu daanaa paa gl / hogA / tina ne sAdhA virNita jJAna ko pramANa mAnA, kintu abAfree aura satyatA meM koI anivArya saMbaMdha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hama AkAzakusuma kI / kalpanA kara sakate haiM, isa kalpanA meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai kyoMki AkAza bhI sat hai aura arAma bhI sat hai, lekina kyA isase AkAzasama kI satyatA sira kI jA sakatI hai' registAna meM kahIM-kahIM pAnI kA bhama hotA hai, usa samaya usa jJAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM pratIta hotI kintu pAsa jAne para pAnI kA zAna bhama sinda hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMgati aura baEiRIT ko satya kI kasoTI mAnane para satya aura bhramapUrNa jJAnoM meM aMtara nahIM kigA jA sakatA boMki bhUmapUrNa kAnoM meM bhI saMgati sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| mANikyanandi sArA batAye gaye pramANa ke laTakA mile Na karane para satyatA kI eka anya kasoTI sAmane AtI hai - artha kriyAvAdI ksauttii| isa kasauTI ke anusAra koI na tabhI satya kahA jA sakatA hai jaba mAna vyavahAra

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mArA aura nirIkSaNa-parIkSA vArA ulabAna ko parakha liyA jaaye| DivI ke anusAra satya kA kevala eka artha hai- parIkSita | arthakriyAvAdI viliyama jensa ke anusAra kevala unhI pratyayoM ko satya kahA jA TANT hai, jo prayoga : pramANita kiye jA sakate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki bhAna anubhavAmita parINa ke pazcAt hI satya siddha hotA hai| mANikyanandi matI arthapiyAvAdI kasoTI kA samarthana karate haiM, jaba kahate haiM kiyA yAjya aura upAdeyAgADyA padAthoM kI saMlina pramANa se hotI hai / arthata titi ke pradhAna kAraNabhUta pramANa se vanturavapaar yathArtha jJAna hotA hai| unake anusAra pramANa fer kI prApti evaM zahita ke parihAra meM samartha hotA hai| pramANa ke dhArA pastu kA parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jisase upAdeya aura heya padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| ata: mANikyanandi ke vidhArAnusAra mAna taba taka satya nahIM hotA jaba taka usakI puSTi saMtoSajanaka pariNAmoM kI aura mjaaye| santonaka kAryagata honA satyatA kI kasauTI hai| piliyama jaimsa kA kahanA hai ki vAstavika vicAra vahI hote haiM jinheM hama samajha sakate haiM, lAgU kara sakate haiM, 'pinakIpura kI jA sakatI hai aura jina pramANita kiyA jA sakatA hai 12 'vicAra ghaTanAoM dvArA satya banA diyA jAtA hai| yathArtha pratyaya mAnaya ke liye upayogI hotA hai| upayogitA ke mAnadaMDa TT yathArtha pratyayoM kI racanA kI jAtI hai| zarA sidvAnA maiM bhI kaThinAiyA~ haiM / gapudhAma to satya kA nirNaya sadaiya parIkSA nahIM , mUsare, upayogitA kI anubhUti meM mama ho sakatA hai| isake atirikta yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jo upayogI hai vaha yathArtha hai | kabhI kisI paristhiti meM bhUTha bolanA upayogI ho sakatA hai, kintu isa upayogitA se usa kI yamAtA siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI / upayogitA aura latyatA meM anivArya saMbaMdha nahIM hai|

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uparyukta viveyana se yahI siddha hotA hai ki pramANa satyatA kI kasauTI para paraar Kar bhAna hai| pramANa hAnamAtra nahIM hai, apitu parIti zAna hai, satyApita bhAna | bAna utpanna hote hI pramANa nahIM bana jAtA, pala gANa labhI banatA hai jaba use satyatA kI kisI kasauTI para kasakara yayArthajJAna kA rUpa prApta ho jaaye| yaha mAtra pratyakSA nahIM apitu punarnirIkSita pratyakSa hai, kintu yadi aisA hai to yaha pramANa ke anagitAgrAhI aura apUdhArthanATIla. viraha hogaa| akalaMkadeva ne pramANa kA eka lakSaNa diyA - "anAgitAgrAhI* aura mANikyanandi ne bhI pramAga kA eka lakSaNa diyA - "svyuuvaayvyvsaayii"| makAna ke anusAra, anagita kA artha hai aisA kAna pramANa hogA jo pramANAntara se aniNIta artha kA nirNaya kare / isI prakAra mANikyanandi ke "sva" arthAt apane aura apUvArtha' adhAta jise kisI anya pramANa se nahIM jAnA gayA hai, aise padArtha ke nizcaya karane vAle jJAna ko pramANa mahA hai| yadi pramANa ke ye *apUrva" aura "nAdhigata 'vizoSaNa mAna liye jAte haiM to isakA artha huA ki pramANa satyApita jJAna nahIM varan pratyuta aisA mAna hai jisako pahale kisI pramANa se nahIM jAnA gayA hai| ataH pramANa ke lakSaNa paraspara virodhI pratIta hote hai| pramANa ke lakSaNa samyaktva aura anagitArthagrAhitya meM spaSTa rUpa se virodha parilakSita hotA hai| pramANa kA laNa samyaktva mAnane para pratIta hotA hai ki jJAna ko pramANa mAnane ke pUrva satyatA kI kisI kasauTI para parakhA jA cukA hai kintu anadhitAyA dhitva ko pramANa kA laNa mAnane para pratIta hotA hai ki aise kAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai jisakI pahale parIkSA nahIM kI gayI isa prakAra jaina-dArzanikoM ke pramANa ke layiAna nai spa hotA hai ki inake dvArA pramANa ke makAthana maiM satyatA kI vidhi AgoM ko mAnA gayA / sAtha hI, pAzcAtya-darzana kI satyatA kI vividha kalA~diyoM meM jaina dArzanikoM ke pramANalaga kI tulanA karane para naI bAta sAmane AI ki ma pAzcAtya dArzanikoM .

Page #27
dvArA satyatA bhI ina vividha kasauTiyoM ko paraspara virodhI mAnA gayA hai aura kisI eka kasauTI ko hI aMtima rUpa se cunA gayA vahIM jaina-dArzanikoM dvArA pramANa ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM eka sAtha hI satyatA ne ye vividha kaptau TiyA svIkAra kii| prazna uThatA hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM dvArA pramANa ke lakSaNa meM eka sAtha satyatA kI ye vividha kasauTiyA kyoM mAnI gayIM' isakA uttara khojA jA sakatA hai| jaina-darzana kI viziSTa tatvamImAMsA meM, jisakA anivArya tAra nikalatA hai unakI anekAntavAdI dRSTi, jo inake sampUrNa darzana meM vyApta hai| isa anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra vastu meM viruddha pratIta hone vAle anantadhAma raha sakate haiM kyoMki vastu anantadhAtmaka hai| vastu meM jitane virodhI dharma haiM saba satya haiM kyoMki vastuviSayaka sampUrNa yathArthatA kA jJAna una virodhI moM ke samanvaya meM nihita hai| ataH vastu ke viSaya meM sabhI mata upayogI haiM kyoMki ve vastu ke vividha pahaluoM kA kathana karate haiM aura vastu ke viSaya meM sampUrNa satya ko jAnane ke sahAyaka hote haiN| vastuoM ke viSaya meM jo nAnA mata-matAntara haiM, unakA kAraNa vastu kA aneka dhamAtmakasvalpa hai 133 jaina-darzana ke anusAra, vastu ko Travya aura padArtha donoM hI dRSTiyoM se dekhA jAnA apekSita hai 154 dravya kI dRSTi se vastu sthira pratIta hotI hai| vastu meM jo aparivartanazIlatA pratIta hotI hai usakA kAraNa dravya hai| kintu vastu meM nitya naye parivartana hote rahate haiM, jinakA kAraNa vastu ke ananta payAya haiM, jo sadaiva parivartana utpanna karate haiN| ataH vastu ke viSaya meM jo nAnA dRSTikoNoM kI vividhatA dikhAyI par3atI hai vaha sambhava hai kyoMki paryAya vastu meM pratiyaNa parivartana utpanna karate rahate haiN| vastuoM kI anantadhAtmakatA ke isa siddhAnta ko tArkika rUpa se syAdavAda aura saptabhaMgInaya ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai 135 uparyukta vivecana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pAzcAtya - dArzanika vastu aura satyatA kI eka kasauTI mAnate haiM aura dUsarI kasauTI ko usa kasauTI kA virodhI

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siddha karate haiM kyoMki unake bhata meM sattA sva aparijanazIla hai| so parIta, jainadArzanika vastu kA vivecana eka viziSTa rUpa meM karate haiM, vastu-viSayaka sabhI dRSTiyA usa viziSTa dRSTikoNa ke saMbaMdha meM satya haiN| sabhI dRSTiyA satya ko jAnane ke sambhAvita mAdhyama haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM ar pramANa ke jo vibhinna lakSaNa diye gaye haiM ve sambhata kyoMki vastu meM vibhinna guNa saMbhava hai| ke virodhI pramoM ko satya si. hArane IT-HT uparyukta sita tArkika duSTi santoSapada nahIM ho sakatA | ata: tAki dukoNa se vivecana ko yahIM sapA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA | ba ke zAna kI upaEi kI dRzTi se pramANa ke ye pirodhI lANa saMbhava ho to hai payoMki bAda maiM pattiyoM kA apanA yaktigata viziSTa dRSTikoNa ho sakatA hai, tuoM ko grahaNa karane kA dhyayita kA apanA tarIkA ho sakatA hai, yastu ke dAga kI pamitta kI sImA ho sakatI haiM jo vastu ke vidhaya meM vyakti ko eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa banAne ko bAta kara sakatI haiM kintu mAna kI satyatA kI dRSTi se sabhI dRSTiyoM ko satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki vastuoM kA satya parivartanazIla nahIM hai| prastu kA satyA vastu kI Antarika viziSTatA hotI hai jo daSTikoNoM kI vividhatA ke sAtha nahIM badala jAtI / sastha vyaktigata nahIM paran sArvabhaumika hotA hai jo pratyeka jAnane vAlI buddhi ke liye satya hotA hai AkAmA maiM tAroM kA astitva aura kagIce meM gulAba kA afirera kitI vyakti ke ITna para nirbhara nahIM hai| yaha saMbhava hai ki gacita usa gulAba ko apane tarIke se jAne aura viziza ka meM jAne lekina isase gulAba ke astitva meM koI antara nahIM aataa| isa prakAra, vyakti kA vantusatya ko grahaNa karane kA tarIkA viziSTa vyaktigata ho sakatA hai, kintu isase vastu-satya yAgata nahIM ho jaataa| ataH hameM pramANa kI satyatA kI eka nizcita katoTI cAhiye po pramANa

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aura pumiti donoM ko eka sAtha satya siddha kre| jo hamAre kAna aura jJAna ke zidonoM kI yathArthatA sthApita kare / barA duSTi se "svaparAsabhA jilA pramANa kA upayukta lakSaNa ho sakatA hai, kyoMki pahalANa pramANa aura pramiti donoM ko saya mi.: karatA hai| jaisA ki pramANa - lakSaNoM ke pUrva vivacana ke prasaMga meM akalaMka deva dvArA li kiyA gayA ki yadi pramANa ko dIga kI bhAti sva aura para kA prakAzaka mAnA jAye to pramANa aura prameya ke saMgharSa kI samasyA hala ho jAtI hai| hemacandra kA kathana hai ki jJAna prakAzamAna spa meM hI a ko prakAzita karatA hai 118 jJAna kA para prakAra hone ke kAraNa svaprakAra se dIpaka kI bhAti koI virodha nahIM hai| jAnane sya kiyA ki ghetama hotA hai, yahI kAraNa he vimAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka kI prakAza mAne binA dIpaka dvArA prakAzita padAyoM kI prA mAnanA saMbhava nahIM, usI prakAra yadi pramANa svasya jJAna kI svata: prakAzatA na mAnI jAye to bAna dArA TT padArthoM kI pratyAlA saMbhava nhiiN| zAna kA guNabI hai - apane ko aura pantu ko pralAnI karanA | jJAna cetana hai| isIliye jaina-darzana meM prApti kI dRSTi se dAna svata: pramANa hai 140 jJAna ke svarUpagRhaNa kI ape| usakA prAmANya-nizAya svayaM hotA hai| cAhe pramANa ho yA apamANa, paE apane svastha kA savedana karatA hI hai| mANiyanandi kA kathana hai ki kauna sA vyakti hai jo bhAna se pratibhA sita suru padArtha ko pratyakSa mAnatA bhI svayaM jAna ko pratyakSA na bhAne |jain mata meM indriyA sAnnikA pramANa ke svarapagavaNa meM haitu nahIM hote, ataH zapti kI dRSTi se pramANa svata: hotA hai| anya donoM mArA mAnya jJAna patannikoM kI pramANatA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie hI painoM ne bApti kI jAna ko svataH pumANa mAnA / yahA parana uanA hai ki kyA utpatti kI dRSTile mIna yatA pramANa hai' yadi aisA mAna liyA jAye to pratyeka zAna svata:pramANa ho jaayegaa| jJAna meM apramANatA kA prAna hI nahIM uThegA / taba prathama bhAga maiM jaba "ghATa sapa hai", aisArsa

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meM zAna hotA hai to isa zAma ko bhI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / 'kisI vastu ko jAnanA aura usakI satyatA kA nizcaya honA bhinna sthiti hai / FAT RAT prakAra diyA gayA hai ki apamAna bhI miyAya hotA hai| ratI maiMsa kA mAna hotA hai usa sirpha yahI jJAna hotA hai ki yA sapa / kintu yaha jJAna vastu meM yathArtha samApa ke viparIta hai ata: isa zAna maiM saMbhAga upanna ho jAtA hai| taba hAsa saMzaya ke nirAkaraNa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| sIe TET pramANa dhana pAtA hai| pramANa ra prabhA donoM meM dhAna kA mi..! para hotI hai kintu jahA pramANa-jJAna meM saMzaya, pi ora anathyavasAya ke virodha na hone se vastu kA yathArtha, satya jJAna hotA hai vahIM kAna meM yadi saMzaya, viSaya aura yavazAya ya samAropa utpanna ho jAye to hI zAna apamANa ho pAyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai mANikyanandi phahate haiM ki "dRSTa jathAt kisI anya pramANAta bhI yadA samAropa ho jAne se apUvArtha ho jAte haiN| pramAga ke lakSaNa meM jo "apUrva pada kA prayoga mANikyanandiArA kiyA gayA usakA abhiprAya yaha hI hai ki mAna ke ,TT gRhIta vastu kA nirNaya na kiyA jA sake to yaha bhI "apUrya" hI kahI jaayegii| isI kAraNa se pramANa ke lakSaNa-kathana meM vyavasAyAma pada kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki saMjA, tipaya aura anadhyavasAya spa jo samAropa hai usake virodhI padArtha ko jAnanA hI pyalAbhakatA hai, tathA vyavasAyAtmavAtA' ke hone para hI pramANahAna kA aviSAdI honA saMbhava hai| pramANa kI jaina-darzana meM tArkika graft dI gayI hai - pramAyA: sAta karaNaM pramANam / TET artha hai, 'jiA mAdhyama se padAyoM na hotA hai usa mAdhyaga ko pramANa karate hai| isakA abhiprAya hai ki mAna nimiyaka nahIM hotaa| vastumAna-svabhAva hai kintu vastu kA astitva bAna para nirbhara nahIM hai / 42 bAna kI pramANatA aura apramANatA padArtha ke hetu se hotI hai| ataH zAna kI pramANatA, utpatti kI duTi se pAtakI apekSA adhAta parata hotI hai| mANijayanAndiA

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kathana hai ki dUra meM jala bhara kara Ate hI logoM ko dekhakara yA kamaloM kI sugandha hai jI aura tAlAba kA mAna hotA hai, kintu ina lAgoM se kareM yA tAlAba kA jJAna to tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ina lakSaNoM ke sAtha kuyeM aura tAlAba kA HIT jAna prApta ho cukA ho 143 upayuta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM do arthoM meM pramANa aura jJAna kA viyana kiyA gayA - utpatti athavA gRhaNazItatA aura mUlyAMgana / utpatti aura grahaNazIlatA kI daSTi se jJAna kI vividhatA aura pukAratA ko mAnA gayA hai tathA dUsarI duTi se kAna kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| zI lagA kI dRSTi se na ko svaparAvabhAti kahA gayA hai aura use prtyH| aura parokSa dhagoM meM rakhA gayA hai| mUlyAkana meM nayavAda aura spAlAda kA AtA hai 11 pAte mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se salma ko pristhiti-saape| mAnA gayA hai tathA satyatA: saMbhAmA ko banAye rakhA gayA hai| inake sabhI Piart "satya-prAyikatA ke siMhati kA pratipAdana karate haiN| jainoM kIbhAnagI mAtAko nApImAMtIyaprasaMbhAvyatAbAda* epislamic - Poolocabi.cism | kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI jaina zAnamImAMsA kA AdhArabhUta svaraya hai| utpatti kI dRSTi se spaSTa hotA hai ki nainoM ke dRSTikoNa meM divAditA nahIM hai kyoMki jJAna ko pratyakSa aura parIkSA nagoM meM bAta ho bhI nizcita mAnaprakAroM kA miTa kiyA gayA hai aura navIna HTna-prakAroM kI sambhAvanA banAye rakhI hai| vAstava meM jJAna-prakAroM meM bheda kA AdhAra cetanA kA tihAsa hai, isalie jAna ko kama-1 se jor3A hai|44 kAya ke AdhAra para na kI prakAratA nizicata kI hai| vastutaH pratyakSA aura parIkSA ke bIca TapahI hAya haiM aura yahI karma- donoM ko dhIca samparka-sU bhI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne anusAra, jaba sama-4 TAT arthAt "AvaraNIya" kA hone para pAna hotA hai, aisI sthiti meM, jo bhAna hogA, para parokSa hogA / yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA'

Page #32
jJAna meM mAtrAtmaka bheda mAnA gayA hai, prakArAtmaka bheda nhiiN| lakSaNa-bheda hI pramANa-bheda kA niyAmaka hai| isaliye jaina-dArzanika jJAna ko eka aura akhaMDa nahIM mAnate / ve sabhI jJAnoM kA samanvaya bhI nahIM karate / ve dazAte haiM ki jJAna ke vividha prakAra haiM kintu unameM virodha nahIM hai| "yahI hai" aisA AgRha nahIM hai yahI "satya-prAya' kA rUpa hai / mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha hI siddha hotA hai ki satya nirapekSa nahIM varan paristhiti-sApekSa hai / isaliye satyApana kI jo pracalita kasauTiyA haiM unase inheM satyApita yA asatyA pita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / inheM "anubhava kI / HUTCHTHT"* I possibilities of experiences ! FT # TEGIT UT HOT yahA~ para jainoM kA siddhAMta kAla pApara ke "asatyApana siddhAMta" | Theoryo Falsshahei ke nikaTa lagatA hai| pApara kA mAnanA hai ki pratyeka sAmAnya kathana prasaMbhAvya kathana hai / vaha tabhI taka satya mAnA jAtA hai jaba taka bhAvI udAharaNoM se asa tyA pita nahIM ho jAtA / isa prakAra kisI kathana ke satyApana kA artha hai - usakA asatyApita na ho pAnA / 46 ataH spaSTa hai ki jainoM kA siddhAMta pApara ke "asatyApana-sitAMta se kAphI samAnatA rakhatA hai| jo satya hai use kahA nahIM jA sakatA, jo "satyaprAya" hai use mAneMge / isI artha meM ise jJAnamImAsIya sApekSatAvAda TEpistemic - Reladiesm | aura jJAnamImAsIya pRsaMbhAvyatAvAda yA satyapAyikatAvAda | Episaune. Probabilasm | kahA jA sakatA hai | aMta meM, kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ satyatA kA saMpratyaya mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai / pragANa artha kA jJAna detA hai / yahA~ para artha kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai, saMpratyaya kA mUlyAkana nhiiN| jJAna pravRtiparaka aura phalonmukha hotA hai isaliye vaha saphala aura 'niSphala kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ jaina-dArzanika Adhunika pAzcAtya vyavahAravAda

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| Poogwalism I ke kAphI samIpa pratIta hote haiN| pAstava meM, jaina darzana ke adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai ki jJAnamImAtA ko gayoM mahatva nahIM diyA gayA hai| yahA~ mulyoM ko af HEN diyA gayA hai| zobhAna prApti kI bAta kahI gayI hai jo loka-vyavahAra meM sahAyaka ho| mImAMsA meM tarpha kA khaMDana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mAnyIkSikI ke andara ana tIna ko nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai kyoMki yaha antatogasthA ke kA Dana karatA hai| bApusAra, koI tarIkA | sysbua saMbhava nahIM hai|

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sandarbha aura TippaNI / . dI hisTrI Ava iMDiyana philAsaphI, bhAga do, DA0 surendranAtha dAsa gupta, kembrija, 1923, pR0 412. 2. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, zrI dalasukha mAlavANiyA, zrI sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA, 1966, pR0 129. 3. maticatA'vadhimanaHparyayakevalA ni jJAnam / tatvArthasUna, umAsvAti, saM0 40 sukhalAla saMdhAvI, bhArata jaina mahAmaMDala, vardhA, 1932, 1.9 +. tatpramANe / vahI 1.10 5. tatvArthavArtika bhAga eka akalaMka, saM00 mahendrakumAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1953, I. 10-1. 6. vahI 1.10-6-7. 7. vahI 1.10-8-9. paJcAritakAyasamayasAra, kuMdakuMda, nirNayasAgara pesa baMbaI, 1916, gAthA, 48. 49. tatvArthavArtika / . 10-12. 10. vahI / .10-14. / / . savArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda, saM00 phUlacandra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1955, 7-9-1. 12. nyAyAvatAra, siddharzikI TIkA

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13. paNoti pramIyatedanena mitimA yA pramANa sArthasidi / 10-10. 14. tatvAdhavArtika, pR0 297. 15. parIguTA, mANikyanAndi, senTrala jaina paniAgi hAusa, lakhanaU, 1940, 16. pramANImAtA, hemacandra, aMgrejI anubAda, savAri mukharjI, tArA pablioSAna, pArAsI, 1970, 1.8 17. nyArAzudacandra, kAka kI ladhIyara ya para TT pramAvandra, saM0 40 mahendra kumAra jaina, mAnikacandra digambara jaina sIrIja, khanA, 1938, 1.3 T. gatiSTina: pagalAni nam / tatmAtUna, 1.9 11. tatpamANe / vahI 1.10 20. pramANaM sparAvabhAti jJAna bAbhAvivarjitam / mAyAvatAra vArtika siisena, siMdhI jaina-mayamAlA, bhAratIya ' vibhatana, dhaMdhaI 1949, 1.2 21. pradIpavat / parI.gula, 11, 12. 22. nyAyAvatAra, 1,2. 23. CATii , akSataka kI anTamAtI parIkA ghinandi, nirNadhasAgara preta, banmAI, 1915, pR0 175. 24. yahI, pU0 175. 25. spapUrSi sAyarAna pramANAm /

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26. anizcito'pUvArthaH / parIkSAmukha, 1.4 27. duSTo'pi samAropAtAdRk / vahI, 1.5 28. pramANamImAMsA, hemacandra, 1.3 29. samyagdhanirNayaH pramANam / vahI, I. I.2 30, Dictionary of Philosophy, Edited by DOGOBert D. RUNES. Philosophical library, Newyork, 1942, Page 321. 322. 31. hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tatojJAnameva tat / parIkSAmukha, 1.2 32. Pragmatism, William James, p. 133. 33. paMcA stikAya, gAthA - 8. 34. dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu / / pramANamImAsA, 1.30 guNaparyayavadaDavyam, tatvArthasUtra, 3.38 35. paMcA stikAyasAra, gAthA 14 36. pramANanayatatvalo kAlaMkAra, vAdidevasAri, jaina sAhityavikAsamaMDala, baMbaI, 1967, 1.2 37. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 187, pramANamImAsA, pR03

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38. pramANagImAsA, pR0 5. 39. tapAsUna, 1.10, parIkSA musA, 1.6-12 nigara, jaina gaMdha ratnAkara, babaI, 1916, 11. 40. parIkSAgula, 1.15 1. parIkSAmA / / / 42. prameyakamanamADa, mANikyanandi kI parIkSA para ITI, pramAcandra, nirNazAgara preta, bAI, 1941, pR0 106. 43. parIkSA guNa, pUra 45. tilite pramANamImAMsA, 11.15, prameyakamanamADa, pUra 233. 15. tatmAsUra, 1.30 pravacanasAra, budasuMda, nirNayasAgara preta, babaI, 1969, 22. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of science, edited by Coffen an Wortafsky/ Humanities Press, New York, vol. II 1965, p. 60.

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx dvitIya adhyAya - pratyakSa pramANa XXXXXXXXXXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXxx}

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pratyakSa pramANa pichale adhyAya meM svaparAvabhAti jJAna adhAtu aisA jJAna jo svayaM apane ke aura padArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai| pramANa kA upayukta lakSaNa pratIta huA thaa| isakA tAtparya hai ki eka jJAna do sthitiyoM meM pramANa hotA hai| eka to jaba vaha apane svarUpa kA prakAzana karatA hai aura dUsare, jaba vaha padArthoM kA prakAzAna karatA hai| jJAna jaba apane svarUpa kA prakAzana karatA hai to usa sthiti meM pramANa ko pratyakSa pramANa aura jaba vaha padArthoM kA prakAzana karatA hai to usa sthiti meM pramANa ko parokSa pramANa kahate haiN| ataH do prakAra ke pramANa saMbhava haiM - pratyakSA aura parodhA / jainadarzana meM pramANa ke yaha hI do prakAra mAne gaye haiN| nyAyAvatAra kI TIkA meM simA ne kahA hai ki mAna kI pravRtti do hI prakAra kI hotI hai, vizada auraavizada / isake atirikta aura kisI prakAra kI jJAna-pravRtti nahIM haiN| ataeva pramANa kA tIsarA prakAra ho hI nahIM sktaa| vivAdamAna pratyakSa hai aura aviSadabAna parokSa jJAna ke jitane bhI prakAra hai unheM vizadatA aura avizadatA ke andara rakhA jA sakatA hai| umAsvAti kA kathana hai ki anumAna, upamAna, Agama, aApatti, saMbhAvanA, abhAva aura anupalabdhi pramANa ke pRthaka prota nahIM haiN| ve ina saba pramANoM ko parokSa pramANa meM samAviSTa kara lete haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki inameM se adhikAMza pramANa vastuoM ke sAtha indriyoM ke samparka ke kAraNa hai| isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya hai ki jaina-darzana kI pratyakSa aura parIkSA kI paribhASAyeM sAmAnya paribhASAoM se bhinna haiN| akAlakadeva ne spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai| spaSTa mAna kA pahI artha hai jo vizadatA kA / ' vizadatA kA artha hai aisA jJAna jisake prakAzana ke lie kisI anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA na ho|' pratyakSA kA vyutpatti-mUlaka lakSAga jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha hI hai, kyoMki yahA' "akSa' zabda kA artha AtmA liyA gayA hai| ata: "akSA athAt AtmA kI apekSA se jo bAna hotA hai vaha pratyakSAvAna hai| kintu sAmAnya prayoga meM "rel" kA artha Akha-indriya se

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liyA jAtA hai| anya darzanoM meM "aE* kA artha indriyahI liyA gayA hai, pariNAma svarUpa unhoMne pratyakSA kA la kiyA hai| aisA jJAna jo indriyoM kI sahAyatA se hotA hai| siddhatena kA kathana hai ki indriyoM se hone pAlA bhAna sAkSAt AtmA se nahIM hotA, ata: paDa pratyakSA nahIM hai|' paina-darbhAna ke anusAra, pratyakSA zAna meM jAtA aura zeya ke madhya koI zakti nahIM hotii| isa prakAra, yahA~ jo jJAna AvaraNarakSita kevala AtmA ke pratiniyama hai, jo jJAna bAya-indriyAdi kI apekSA se na hokara kevala popazama vAle pA AvaraNarahita AtmA se hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai / jainadarzana kA spaSTa vigara hai jisameM zIna kAla ke gocara ananta guNa-payAya saMyukta padArtha atizayatA se pratibhAsita hote haiM usako jJAnI purUSoM ne jJAna kahA hai| yaha jJAna AlmA kA svAbhAvika hai| yadi agni ko uSNa svabhAva na mAnA jAye to agni kA svarUpa kyA raha jAtA hai, athAta kucha svarUpa nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra yadi AtmA ko zAnarUpa na mAnA jAye to isakA bhI kucha svalpa nahIM bacegA 110 ata: zAna AmA kA sAratatva hai| AtmA pada rUpa meM jJAna hai aura AtmA hI jJAtA rUpa meM jJAta hai| aisA hI anubhava pAzcAtya-darzana ke mahAna dArzanika rene dekAta ne kiyA, jaba unhoMne kahA - "maiM socatA hU~ isaliye maiM hU~ Icomjargosum !' unhoMne kahA ki maiM apane astitva kA nirAkaraNa kara phira bhI nirAkatA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kA khaMDana nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA aura zAna ke saMbaMdha ko kundakunda ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA ki mAtA aura mAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai, kyoMki Anubhavika dRSTi se kevalanAnI sampUrNa vAstavikatA ko jAnatA aura anubhava karatA hai tathA atIndriya dRSTikoNa se AtmA pahA para akalaMka eka navIna vicAra prastuta karate haiN| unake anusAra zandriyoM dvArA prApta jJAna bhI pratyakSa jJAna kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai kyoMki akaalk| ke anusAra pratyakSa kA artha hai "paSTa mAna* ! yakSa jJAna AtmA ke dvArA bhI utpanna

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ho sakatA hai| akalaMka pratyakSA ATna lie "aS-ATvizeSaNa kA prayoga karate haiM jisakA abhiprAya hai pratyakSAjJAna apane svabhAva se hI spa hotA hai. cAhe vaha zandriyoM se utpanna ho athavA indriyoM se utpanna na ho / kintu akalaMka AtmA ko svabhAvata: mAna-svarUpa pAlA mAnate hue kahate haiM ki AtmA jaca nihAvaraNa rUpa meM hotA hai to use jJAna ke lie indriyAdi sAdhana kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI, vaha apanI zakti se jJAna prApta kara letA hai| jJAna prApti meM indriyAdi-sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA to taba par3atI hai jaba usakA svAbhAvika jJAnamaya svarUpa Dhaka jAtA hai|15 unakA spaSTa vicAra hai ki jisa prakA calane kI zakti se sampanna manu-ya svayaM calane meM asamartha hone para hI lAThI Adi kA mahArA letA hai usI prakAra mAnAvaraNa se Dhaka jAne para mAna-svabhAva vAlI AtmA bAya-upakaraNa kA sahArA letI hai| bAya-upakaraNa jJAna kI utpatti meM eka sthitimAtra ho haiM jisameM svayaM AtmA kA svabhAva prakaTa hotA hai| AtmA kA zAna savaya AtmA kI avasthA hai jisameM bAdhya padArtha AbhAsita hote haiM, inhIM ke AdhAra para hameM bApa-padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai| bhADya-padArtha ke abhAva meM, usake viSaya meM viziSTa jJAna nahIM hotaa| jJAna ke rUpa meM sva kA prakAzana to hotA hI hai| jaba bhAna kA svatA prakaTIkaraNa pUrNa hotA hai use kisI bAdhya padArtha kI apekSA nahIM hotI aura indriyAdi se utpanna padArthoM ke for EAna se usakA koI prayojana nahIM raha jAtA | taba pUrNatAna kevalajJAna apane meM sabhI viziSTa jJAnoM ko samAveza kara letA hai| uparokta viveyanoM se kyA yaha nikalI nahIM nikalatA ki kevalajJAna ke atirikta saba kAnoM ko mithyA mAnA jAye' asa viSaya meM umAsvAti kA tira hai ki jAnane kI zakti cetanA samAna hone para bhI jAnane kI kiyA-bodha upayoga sA AtmAnoM meM samAna nahIM hotaa| yaha upayoga kI vividhatA bAhya-Abhyantara kA kI vividhatA para avalambita hai| 'viSyabheda, indriyAdi sAdhana bheda, devakAlamera ityAdi vividhatA bAhya sAmagrI kI hai| AvaraNa kI tItA-mandatA kA tArata

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Antarika sAmagrI kI vividhatA hai / isa sAmagrI kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa eka hI AtmA meM bhinna-bhinna samaya meM vibhinna bodhakriyAyeM hotI haiM tathA aneka AtmAyeM eka hI samaya meM bhinna-bhinna bodha karatI 1 yaha bodha kI vividhatA anubhavagamya hai / kevalajJAna sAmAnya jJAna hai| isI sAmAnya-dAna ke AvaraNa bheda se 5 bheda haiM / jainadApInikoM kI isa parikalpanA ke anusAra, kevalajJAnAvaraNa jJAna sAmAnya ko pUrI taraha Dhaka letA hai phira bhI usase TuTyoM ko jAnane vAlI jJAnakara nikalatI rahatI hai| inhIM jJAnakaraNoM ke Upara tra AvaraNa kAma karate haiM / inhIM anya AvaraNoM kI kSayopazama kI mAtrAnusAra zeSa jJAna prakaTa hote haiM / vIrasena ke anusAra jisa prakAra dhAradravya se agni ko pUrI taraha ka lene para bhI usase bhApa nikalatI rahatI hai usI taraha jJAna para AvaraNa par3ate haiM, phira bhI jJAna kA eka aMza jile yadi vaha bhI AvRtta ho jAyegA to jJAna kahate haiM sadA anAvRtta rahatA hai / jIva ajIva ho jAyegA 117 isI vicAra ko aura spaSTa karate hue nandIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jila sana se Acchanna hone para bhI sUrya aura candra kI prabhA kucha na kucha AtI DI ehatI hai / fantha near a TaAyeM para dina aura rAta kA vibhAga tathA rAtri meM zukla aura kRSNa pakSa kA vibhAga banA rahatA hai / usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karma se jJAna kA acchI taraha AvaraNa ho jAne para bhI jJAna kI prabhA apane prakAza svarUpa ke kAraNa barAbara prakaTa hotI rahatI hai| isI mandra prabhA ke makti, zu, avadhi aura mana:paryaya ye cAra bheda yogyatA aura AvaraNa ke kAraNa ho jAte haiM / here or vA bhAga, jo akSara ke ananta bhAga ke nAma se prasiddha hai tadA anAvRtta bahatA hai / cetanA pAzcAtya manovijJAna vastutaH mAnava dikhAI dene vAlI rolamA se bahuta adhika hai / cetanA kA

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sampUrNa yA vetanA apane sampUrNa rama meM hameM badikhAI nahIM detI / canA ke ananta pahalU haiM, cetanA kA atyannA vistRta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cetanA ko manA , AtmA aura vyaktitva kA paryAya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / mAnavIya AtmA kA kevala dRSTigocara cetana pahalU hI sampUrNa jAtmA kI vAstavikatA kA udaghATaka nahIM hotA| hamAre mana kI bAI gAli zudhiyoM kA rahasya "sipha manAta sI caina pahalU ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Adhunika manovijJAna AtmA ke isa dRSya cetana pahale ke atifree acetana aura harna pahaluoM kA oNsatya bhI mAnatA hai| prasi manovaijJAnika TO sigamaMDa phrAya ke mata meM mAsa kA bahuta bhAga acetana hai aura na acetana pahA ko manuSya ke vyakti kI aneka jaTilatAoM kA hA mAnA jA sakatA hai / 18 acAna pavana meM prAya ke mata meM manuSya ke vyaktitva kA ehasya piA hai| cetana mana meM vahI kucha AtA hai jisakI vArtamAna meM vyakti ko AvazyatA hotI hai| bAkI lata tuma acetana mastiSka meM par3A rahatA hai| hamAre sAmAnya anubhA meM bhI kabhI-kabhI yaha dikhAI pakSatA hai ki rAtri meM sote samaya mana meM koI jaTila gutthI hotI hai kintu sokara une para usakA koI hala hameM sUAtA hai | tii pukAra sote samaya hama eka 'nizcita samaya uThane kA saMpAya karake tote haiM aura sAmAnyataH utta nizcita samaya nIMda khula jAtI hai | sakA kAraNa acetana mastika meM hI khojA jA sakatA hai| prakhyAta bhAratIya gaNitI rAmAnuja kA yaha vyaktigata anubhava thaa| unakA kahanA thA ki gaNita kA koI aTila prazna jilA na unheM nahIM sulA thA, prAyaH usI viSya meM cintana karate-karate meM so jAyA karate the tathA prAtaH uThane para usa pAna kA hala unheM sUjAyA karatA thA | phrAyaDa ne bhI isI prakAra kA vizAla paTa kiyA hai 119 jaba AinsTIna se unakI zRjanAtmaka prakriyA kA rahasya HIT gayA to unhoMne uttara diyA ki vipnAvasthA aura supAvarA meM eka aisI ziti tI hai jaba eka lambI lAgasI lagAkara zodha ke uccatara tara taka pahuMca jAtI hai| saMsAra ke adhikArI yAni AdhikArI sthiti meM saMbha 120

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phrAyaDa ne isa bAta kA anveSaNa kiyA ki vyakti ke vetana se svatantra bahuta sI mAnasika kriyAyeM ghaTita hotI hai 121 sI0jI0 yuMga ne acetana ke gahare staroM kI khoja kI jahAM unhoMne sAmUhika caritra kI pratIka aura pratibhAyeM pAyIM / vastutaH Adhunika pAzcAtya jagata meM mAnavIya cetanA para vistRta anveSaNa kiye gye| parla, golDasTIna, maphI, levina, guDamaina, alporTa Adi manovaijJAnikoM ne "vyatitatva" ke adhyayana meM cetanA ke vividha staroM kA udghATana kiyA tathA vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke lie kaI upAya sujhAyeM / ina adhyayana ke AdhAra para mAnavIya vyaktitva ko isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA 122 nimna avacetana vyaktitva kA vaha stara hai jahA~ zArIrika kriyAoM ko nirdezita karane vAlI prArambhika manovaijJAnika kriyAyeM hotI haiM / inake antargata mUla pravRtti, nimnakoTi ke svapna aura kalpanAyeM bhI sammilita hai / ucca avacetana ke kSetra meM ucca aMtaHpreraNAyeM aura aMtaHprajJA upalabdha hotI hai jaise kalAtmaka, dArzanika, vaijJAnika aura naitika / isa kSetra meM ucca kriyAyeM aura AdhyAtmika anubhava chipe hai / yaha ucca anubhavoM kA utpatti sthala haiM jaise samAdhi kI avasthA ke anubhava | cetanA kA kSetra vyaktitva kA vaha bhAga hai jisase hama pratyakSataH paricita hai / yaha saMvedanAoM, pratimAoM, vicAroM, icchAoM aura pravRttiyoM kA satata pravAha hai jisakA hama nirIkSaNa, vizle aura nirNaya kara sakate haiM / cetana AtmA yA ahaM ko bahudhA vetana vyaktitva se milA diyA jAtA hai kintu donoM meM antara hai| cetanA, jo vicAra, saMvedana va anubhava kA badalatA huA tatva hai. cetana AtmA se aura ase bhinna hai, jo hamArI cetanA kA kendra hai,

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zuddha Atma-anubhAni kA kendra hai aura jise kevala AtmanirIkSaNa dvArA hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vAstava meM, cetana AtmA bhI vyaktitva kI aMtima ikAI nahIM hai| jaba hama so jAte haiM yA acetana avasthA meM hote haiM to yaha caitana AtmA lupta ho gayI pratIta hotI hai aura jAgRtAvasthA meM yaha bhI sakriya pratIta hotI hai| yaha tathya vasa bAta kA paricAyaka hai ki isa nautana AtmA se pare, eka sthAyI kendrakA astitva hai| yaha ucca AtmA sigarA AtmA kI zArIrika aura mAnasika sthitiyoM se aprabhAvita rahatI hai, ktigata cetanA ko isa ucca AmA kA mAtra pratibimdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| mAnadhIya vyaktitva meM isa ucca AtmA kA sthAna sarjanAtmaka hai, kyoMki dhyAgatatva kI AdhyAtmikA upalabdhiyoM kA yaha mAdhyama rekhAcitra meM jo sAmUhika avacetana kA citra dikhAyA gayA hai usakA abhiprAya vibhAjana nahIM hai / sImAhInatA ke artha meM inakA paTAra kiyA jAtA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki do AtmAoM kA astitva kisI vyaktitva meM hotA hai jo apane apane kSetra meM sthita hai / AtmA eka hai jo savetanatA aura AtmAnubhUti kI vibhinna mAoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| vyaktigata AtmA kA vAstavika AtmA se aparicaya hIta kI anubhUti kA kAraNa hai| vyaktitva kI pUrNatA isI vAstatika AtmA kI upalabdhi para nirbhara hai| prazna yahI hai ki kaise isa Atarika ekatA kI pUrNatA tathA sAmaMjasyapUrNa Atma-anubhUti ko prApta kiyA jaaye| bhAratIya darzana meM isakI vidhi yoga, samAdhi, dhyAna, dhAraNa aura Atma 'nirIkSaNa batAI gayI hai| pAcAtya manovijJAna maiM isa samasyA ko prayogAtmaka tarIke se hAla kiyA gayA | sakA abhiprAya yaha hI hai ki mAnava ke isa dAya ghetana pahalU ke atirikta eka uccatara Irrer kA astitva mAnanA hogA ki atI

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ndriya bodha kSamatA prApta hai / prAcIna dhiyoM aura muniyoM ne mAnava AtmA ke mahat rUpa kI khoja kii| unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki mAnava aparimeya zakti kA puMja hai kintu use apane isa mahala rUpa kA jJAna AtmanirIkSaNa se hI mila sakatA hai / adRSTi hI use yaha jJAna karA sakatI hai / eka taraha se AtmajJAna ko bhAratIya darzana meM sAmAnya rUpa se mukti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA kyoMki inake mata meM AtmA isa vizva kA darpaNa hai aura jagata sUkSma rUpa meM AtmA meM vimAna hai| vedoM meM sRSTi ko manomaya kahane kA yahI abhiprAya pratIta hotA hai / AtmA yathArtha rUpa meM vizvAtmA hai, isI satya aura kSamatA kA jJAna prApta kara lenA hI mukti aura pUrNatA hai / mahApuruSoM dvArA AmA kebala divya rUpa ke sAkSAtkAra kI jhalaka yatra-tatra vedoM aura upaniSadoM meM milatI hai / nature meM varNana AyA hai ki naciketA yama se para mA~gatA hai use Atmatatva kA pUrNa jJAna ho 123 para upaniSada meM kathA AtI hai jahA~ yAvalakya apanI patnI maitreyI ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM ki yaha AtmA hI dekhane, sunane, manana karane aura saMkalpapUrvaka dhyAna karane ke yogya hai / AtmA ke hI darzana, zravaNa, manana se sArA rahasya kAta ho jAtA hai 1 24 isI prakAra muNDakopaniSada meM eer gayA hai ki doghahIna saMghamI loga jise dekhate haiM vaha jyortimaya nirmala AtmA isI zarIra ke bhItara vimAna hai / isakA abhiprAya hai ki hama apane andara vizudra svasya ko dekha sakate haiN| 25 isI kAraNa prAcIna bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne mAnava AtmA kI sampUrNa antarnihita kSamatAoM ke pUrNa upayoga ke lie sAdhana khojane ke prayAsa kiye | isalie bhAratIya darzana kI vidhi bhI AtmanirIkSaNa, annadRSTi, dhyAna, aarfe aura yoga hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra, cetana AtmA ke sahaja ravarUpa kA pUrNa prakAzana jo sampUrNa vilaya se hotA hai atIndriya aura zuddha anubhUti kahalAtA hai| 26 AtmA ke svaprakAzita rUpa kA DI prakAzAna azI ndriya-anubhUti hai| ise hI kevalajJAna

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kahA jAtA hai| yaha sabhI aindriya anubhUtiyoM se svataMtra aura saba vastuoM ko jAnane vAlA hai 127 jaina darzana meM, atIndriyAna kI vista rUpa se carcA kI gayI hai| AtmA ke svarUpa aura svabhAva ke apara kiye vizlega ke AdhAra para yaha spaTa ho cukA hai ki bAna AtmA kA svarUpa dI hai, AtmA aura sattA meM ekarapatA hai| ata: ITraa aura ya meM bhI ekarUpatA hai arthAta AtmA tA bhI hai aura ya bhI / dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmA aura jJAna meM abhinnatA hai / vastutaH jaba aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA Ana prApta kiyA jAtA hai to isa prakAra jAta padArtha meM keya padArtha se bhinnatA honI sabhA hai, kyoMki yaha Ata padArtha zandriya, mana Adi bAhA upakaraNoM ke adhIna hogA / dhApa meM, zeya padArtha jAnane kI praniyA ke daurAna indriya aura mana ke sambandha ke kAraNa unase prabhAvita ho jAtA hai, kintu atIndriya mAdhyamoM bArA prApta jJAna meM jahA indriya aura mana kI madhyasthatA nahIM hotI, eal trar aura ya ke bIca koI vyavadhAna na hone ke kAraNaETET aura neya meM sIdhA saMbaMdha sthApita hotA hai, anya zabdoM meM, vahA~ jAtA aura deya meM koI bhinnata nahIM hotI 129 atIndriya dhAna maiM vastu apane yathArtha rUpa meM zAna meM upasthita hotI hai kyoMki vaha patu aura mAna maiM aparokSainr kA saMbaMdha hai| indriya aura mana kI sImitatA hI pAstavika aura mAta vastu meM bheTa kA kAraNa hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki yadi anya darzanoM kI taraha pratyakSa kA lakSaNa mAna liyA jAye, jo indriyAdi bAhya sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai, to usa frufir meM Hanaa kI sita samma hI nahIM hogI, kyoMki sarva kA atInyi jJAna indriyoM se utpanna nahIM hotaa| sarvakSatA pratyakSabAna ke binA saMbhava hI nhiiN| kudakuda kA kathana hai ki dUsare dAzInika joindriyajanya kAnoM ko pratyakSa mAnate haiM kintu the pratyakSA se ka ho sakate haiM kyoMki zandriyoM to anAmarUpa hone se paradasya hai| ata: vandriyoM dvArA vastu kA pratyakSA nahIM ho

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sakatA / *para" se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kahate haiM 129 yahA~ eka bAta ullekhanIya hai ki bAda meM calakara kucha jaina dArzanikoM vizeSakara akalaMka, siddhasena aura mAnandine, pratyakSa kA sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika do rUpoM meM vibhAjana kara diyA 130 sAdhyavahArika pratyakSa kA artha hai aindriya pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa kA artha hai atIndriya jJAna / pratyakSa kA ina do rUpoM meM vibhAjana spaSTata: jaina darzana kA usa pracalita paramparA se sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA prayatna hai jahA pratyakSa kA artha "aindriya sthA* mAnA gayA / jaina darzana ke maulika vicAroM ke anusAra, pratyakSa kA artha atIndriya pratyakSa hI hai / "pratyadA" zabda kA prayoga prAraMbha meM indriyoM dvArA sAkSAtkAra ke liye hotA thA kintu zIghra hI usake antargata vaha samasta jJAna bhI A gayA jo turanta grahaNa ho jAtA hai / bhale hI usameM indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA .31 na bhI huI ho / isI antadRSTi ko vargA' ne sahajabodha ke rUpa meM mAnA / vargaT ke mata meM sahajabodha usakA pratyakSa hai jo adRzya hai kintu phira bhI vAstavika hai / ise DI kaoNTa ne bhI apanI dUsarI aura tIsarI AlocanAoM meM saMkalpekA kI anivAryatA meM vizvAsa ke rUpa meM mAnA tathA isa vizvAsa ko anubhUti kI Avazyakaara para AdhArita kiyA / pratyakSa ke tIna prakAra : jaina darzana meM atIndriya jJAna ke tIna prakAra mAne gaye haiM- apana mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna 132

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avadhi zAna samAna hai jo indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA mAsika padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| yaha jJAna dravya aura do kI mayAdA rahita hai| dravya-kSetra kAla aura bhAva kA Azraya lekara mUrtika padArthoM ko pratyakSa jAnane vAle jJAna vizeSa ko abAna kahA gayA hai| isa avadhimAna ke bhAva-gutthara aura guNa-pratyaya ye do bheda hote haiN| jo avadhijJAna janmasiddha hotA hai, jisakI prApti ke lie koI prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA, vaha avadhiAna bhaya-pratyaya avadhijJAna kahA gayA hai| jo avadhimAna janma lene ke bAda vividha prakAra hai| prayatnoM ke bAla se jaise lapa, vrata Adi se prAmA kiyA jAtA hai, pAna guNa-pratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA. yApi avadhizAna utpanna hone ke lie zAnAvaraNIya kAmoM kA Ayopazama Avazyaka hai kintu isa samAnatA ke hone para bhI jIpoM meM 5 aisI jAti hotI hai, jimoM janma lete hI avadhijJAna ke anusAra karo kA kSayopazama ho jAtA hai aura isa prakAra sahaja rUpa meM hI avamAna kI upalabidha ho jAtI hai, kintu kucha jAtiyoM meM janma se hI aisA nahIM ho jAtA pratyuta unheM yopazama ke lie prayatna karane par3ate haiN| yaha antara hI bhava-pratyaya aura guga-pratyaya avadhijJAna meM bheda kA AdhAra hai| mana:payaryajJAnAvaraNa kA hone para apane aura dUsare ke mana kI apekSA se hone vAlA jJAna manAparyaya zAna hai| dUsare ke manogata artha ko jAnanA manaHpaTa yahA~ para eka kA uThAI jA sakatI hai ki matijJAna bhI to jana : saMbaMdha se hotA hai, phira bhatijJAna ko aindriya parokSajJAna ke antargata kyoM rakhA gayA' jainAcAryoM ne isakA ullara dete hue kahA ki jisa prakAra AkAza meM candramA ko dekhane meM AkAza kI sAdhAraNa apekSA hotI hai, usI taraha manaH paryaya

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zAna dUsare mana meM abhAsthita artha ko jAnatA hai, itanI mAtra yahA mana kI apekSA hotI hai, jabaki matijJAna meM to mana kAraka hotA he 136 manaHparyazAna ke jumati aura vipulamAti ye do bheda haiN| mAti sthala jJAna hai aura pipulamAkti sUkSma jJAna ! atara vipulamati manaHparyaya bAna "jumati kI apekSA afu vizudha hai| donoM meM eka antara aura bhI hai, dhanumati hAna utpanna hone ke bAda calA bhI jAtA hai kintu vipulamati jJAna banA rahA hai| aba eka pAna yaha Torr fka avadhinAna aura manaHpaya jJAna meM meta kA AdhAra kyA hai, kyoMki donoM hI aindriyamana nirapaidA hai| kA uttara yahI ho sakatA hai ki avazAna sIdhe mUrtika padArtha ko jAnatA hai kintu manaHparyaya zAna mana kI payAyoM mArA hI muki padAthoM ko jAnatA hai, sIdhe taura se thii| prANI cintana mana se karatA hai aura isa cintana ke daurAna cintanIya vastu ke bheda ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM ko yaha cintanazIla mana dhAraNa kara letA hai| yaha AkRtiyA hI mana kI payAya aura una mAnasika AkRtiyoM ko sAtAta jAnane vAlA mAna manaHparyayazAna hai / jJAna se sirpha cinAnazIla mana hI AkRtiyA hI jAnI jAtI haiM, 'cintanIya vastuyeM nahIM jAnI jA sakatI / turSe to bAda meM anumAna se jAnI jA sakatI hai|38 akarmaka isase asahamati prakaTa karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki manaH paryayajJAna dUsaroM ke vicAroM kI viSayavastu ko sAkSAt jAna letA hai, aisI vastuoM kA jJAna anumAna se nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha pratyakSa zAna hai|31 kevalazAna kI cacA bhAratIya-darzana ke prAyaH sabhI sampadAyoM meM kisI kisI rUpa meM kI gayI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra, samasta zAnAvaraNoM ke samUla nAza hone para prakaTa hone vAlA nirAvaraNa zAna kevalazAna hai| yaha zAna mAtra

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sApekSa hotA hai tathA cetanAzakti ke sampUrNa vikAsa ke samaya prakaTa hotA hai / koI bhI vastu yA bhAva aisA nahIM hai jo isake dvArA na jAnA jA sake / kevalajJAna bhoM aura pArthI ko jAnane meM sakSama hai 140 avadhijJAna kI pravRtti sarvapArahita sirpha mUrta dravyoM meM hotI hai / mana:paryayajJAna kI pravRtti usa mUrta dravya ke sarvahita anaMtave bhAga meM hotI hai / kevalajJAna kI pravRtti sabhI dravyoM aura sabhI payAyoM meM hotI hai / isa prakAra jainadarzana meM trikAla, trilokavartI samasta proyoM ke pratyakSadarzI ke artha meM kevalajJAna kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI artha meM jainadarzana meM kahA gayA ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai / jaino kA vicAra hai ki pratyeka vyakti meM kevalajJAnI hone kI zakti hai ki jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hI hai, kintu AvaraNoM ke kAraNa AtmA kA yaha svabhAva dhAnaka jAtA hai 141 jataH tArkika rUpa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki eka sthiti aisI saMbhava hai ki jaba AparaNoM kA vinAza ho jAye aura usa sthiti meM svAbhAvika rUpa se AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna prakaTa ho jAye / jainoM ke anusAra AvaraNa vyakti ke kamoMke pariNAma hote hai / 42 ataH kamoM ke kSaya ke sAtha AvaraNoM kA vinAza honA bhI avazyambhAvI hai| jaisA ki hemacandra kA tarka hai ki yadi jJAna meM mAtrAbheda mAnA jAtA hai to isakA abhiprAya hai ki pUrNajJAna bhI saMbhava hai jisase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki aise vyakti kA astitva saMbhava hai jise sabhI vastuoM kA pUrNa jJAna hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, kevalAna saMbhava hai 143 hemacandra yaha bhI kahate haiM ki jJAna meM vikAsa kI prakriyA hotI hai to tArkika dRSTi se isa vikAsa kI prakriyA kA kahIM aMta bhI honA cAhie / prakriyA kA aMta nahIM hogA jahA jJAna pUrNa aura anaMta kahA jA sake / u yaha sthiti

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kauzalajJAna kI niyati hai 144 anuyogadAra maiM vIrasena ne isI tarka prakriyA ke anusAra kevalajJAna kI siddhi ke lie kaI yupiyA dI hai, jo unakI maulika upalaEi phaTI jA sakatI hai| prathama yupita ke anusAra AtmA jJAna svarUpa hai tathA usake pratimA ko kA kSaya honA bhI saMbhava hai| pratika karma ke naSTa ho jAne para jJAna prApta ho jAnA jJAna vibhAva vAlI AtmA kA anivArya hai| jaise agni meM jamAne kI zakti ho aura prati ghaTa gaye hoM to paTa dAhaka padAdhoM ko yoM nahI jalAyegI dUsarI yukti meM vIrasena ne paudhalajhAna ko svargasiddha batAyA hai| phevalajJAna aura matinAdi meM ajaya-avadhibhAva kI kalpanA karake unhoMne phaTar, ziA prakAra ghaTa-paTa Adi avayavI padAdhoM kA sAdhyavahArika pratyakSa rAma avayavoM ko dekhakara hI hotA hai, usake andara aura bAhara ke sampUrNa avayavoM ko pratyakSA karanA hama logoM ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai| usI taraha kevalajJAna sI mI kA pratyakSA bhI usake kADa matitAnAdi avayavoM ke svayedana pratyakSA ke mArA hotA kevalajJAna ke di. 'ya meM kuMdageMda ne kucha bhinna vicAra prastuta kiyA / unakA kahanA hai ki kSetAlajJAna ko jo samarata padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA kahA gayA hai pala pala vyAhAramaya se hI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki nizcaya-naya le to devalajJAna AtmAbhimukha hotA hai, apane sva-pa meM nimagna hotA hai 146 ___eka anyasthAna para unhoMne kahA hai, jo anaMta paryAyavAle eka dravya ko nahIM jAnatA TE Adhako kaise jAnatA hai aura jo sabako nahIM jAnatA yaha anata / pAthavAle eka dravya ko kaise jAna sakatA hai#7

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isa bAta ko isa prakAra se aura spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo manuSya caTajJAna ke dvArA paTa ko jAnatA hai yaha sAtha hI sAtha caTakAna ke svarUpa kA bhI saMvedana kara hI letA hai, kyoMki jJAna svaprakAzI hotA hai / isa prakAra jo vyakti ghaTa ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle paTAna kA svalpa yathAvat jAna letA hai vaha ghaTa ko jAnane ke sAtha hI anaMtayoM ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle pUrNahAna svarUpa AtmA ko jAna letA hai tathA isa zaktiyoM ke upayogabhUta anaMta padArthoM ko jAna letA hai| 48 49 kuMdakuMda kahate haiM, jJAna AtmA kA anivArya svabhAva hai / vyavahAra kintu nizcayadRSTi se yaha sabase 50 hRdi te kevalI sampUrNa jagata ko jAnatA hai / free farpha apanI AtmA ko jAnatA hai | 51 cetanA - parAmanovijJAna evaM caina mata : * vide fards, cats, noach grey sung berharian menje dette vede yaha carcA ta apUrNa rahatI hai jaba taka isa atIndriya bodhamatA para pAzcAtya vicAradhArA kA bhI kucha ullekha na kiyA jAye / bhautikavAdI, vastuvAdI aura pratyavAdI kahe jAne vAle pApacAtya jagata meM Aja bhautikavAda, vattuvAda aura pratyakSavAda kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA rahA hai| indriya-mana sImita bhautikavAdI duSTikoNa aura bhautika vijJAna kI sarvoccatA meM Atyantika AsthA donoM hI pIche chUTa rahe haiN| vijJAna kA anidhAryatA kA siddhAnta Theory of Indeterminism usa dizA kI ora saMketa karatA hai, jahAM kucha bhI nizcitarUpase bhaviSyavANI nahIM kI jA sakatI / vijJAna ketra meM AinsTIna, henarI, piyata, maiksa plaiMka lenArDa, hAijanabarga Adi kucha nAma aise haiM jinake nikoM ne eka aisI sthiti ko janma diyA hai jahA~ nirNaya bhI eka niyama bana gayA hai| prinsaTana yunivarsiTI ke jAna vhIlara ne kahA ki brahamoDakA "honA" sirpha taTastha bhAva se dekhate rahane ke alAvA aura koI cArA nahIM, to saMbhavataH vaha aise vyakti kI

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avasthA hai jo jAnatA to hai parantu jise yA to usake 'viSya meM kucha batAnA nahIM cAhiye yA phira yaha ki vaha dhAtA nahIM pAtA / Aja kA vaijJAnika sUpti kI aNimA se hI AtaMpita hokara rahasya kI bhASA bolane ke lie vivaza hai| usakI sthiti chAMdogya upAnibada ke pravetaketu kI yAda dilAtI hai jisake gura ANi ne usase vaTA ke phala ke dAne tor3akara kahA thA, zvetaketu yaha agimA hI saba kucha hai, tU bhI basI kA pratispa hai| kahIM kisI gahare apaha stara para prahamAI kA eka eka khaMDa pUrNa hai 152 mUka spaSTa hai ki bhautika vijJAna jisa aindriya pratyakSA para AdhArita hai, vaha bhautika vijJAna bhI aba taka padArtha ko vAstavika svarUpa ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai| padArthoM kA sUkSma vilejaNa karate karate vai padArthoM se paramAguNoM aura paramANuNoM se vita taraMgoM taka pahuMce haiM phira bhI padArtha ke sma taka nahIM pahuMca pAye haiN| caina darzana ke anusAra to svarUpa ko aindriya jJAna ATT jAnA hI nahIM jA sktaa| mAtra aindriya jJAna ke AdhAra para vastu ke yathA rupa ko kabhI bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / pahI kAraNa hai ki pAzcAtya dezAnika Aja nirantara cetanA ke navIna AyAmoM kI khojakara rahe haiN| manovimAna, parAmanovijJAna atIndriya ke rahasyoM ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kara rahA hai| pAcAtya jagata meM isa atIndripa-bodha kSamatA para zodha karane vAle vidvAnoM ne ta boma-damitA ke lie kaI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyaa| pro0 ricaTe ne kiSadhI tisa | crypure.sis zAda isake lie 'diyA to pro0 mArza ne TelIpaithI ! Tela.pbihy | pada diyA | pro0 sahana Hair TTC a second sight te were arribar a clairvoyance Frente kA prayoga kiyaa| TelIpaithI kA artha hai aindriya saMvedanoM ke atirikta, anya sAdhanoM

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bArA eka mana se dUsare mana kA jJAna saMbhava hai| koyaravaoNyasa kA artha hai parata kA jJAna yA pratyA anubhava rendriya upakaraNoM ke binA bhaviSya meM, dUra meM, sagIpa meM ho sakatA hai| isake lie bATa TrAMsaphara ! Thought Frankee ! aura mAiMDa rIDiMga I Maid. Reocdrugs zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA, jisakA artha hai pati dUsare vyakti ke mastiSka meM kyA hai, jo pratyakSA se jAna sakArA hai| dUrI kA prazna yahA gauNa ho jAtA hai / parAmanovijJAna para zodha karane vAloM meM, jinameM kucha prayAsa nika aura manovaijJAnika bhI sammilita haiM, isa bAta para sahamata haiM ki Enfirm maiM atIndriya bodha-matA hai| manuSya meM savedana kA eka Azcaryajanaka vibhAga hai, jo sUcanAyeM lAtA hai jinheM sAmAnya indriyoM TT prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| atIndriya anubhA kA yaha vibhAga deza aura kAla se sImita nahIM hai| kAyA ke mAta .. meM pATa-TrAMsaphara | Theusine Transfer | ke meM kAphI vajanI saMbhAvanAyeM haiN| jaina-darzana ke atIndriya jJAna - prakAroM se vivecana do uparAta art pArAganovi.no atIndriyamAna ke bhedoM se jaina darzana ke atIndrizamAna kI tulanA kI jAye to bAta adhika spaSTa hogii| parAmanovijJAna TT TelIpaithI aura leparavAyata ye atIndriya bodha ke jo do taya mAne gaye haiM aura unakI jisa prakAra se vyAkhyA, mI gayI unase sTa ho Atar hai ki ye donoM kamAH jaina darzana meM mAnya manaHparyaya ke nicAra aura bhAvanAoM kA dUravartI yA nikaTapatI dUsare mAraka ka "pinA paricita ndriya sAdhanoM ke svaHtApUrvaka saMpreSaNa hai| yaha eka mAsti bhI vicAra anubhavoM aura bhAvanAoM kA dUsare mAstika se saMbaMdha sthApita honA hai, jo rendriya sAdhanoM ke binA sthApita hotA hai| TelIpaithI sahaja aura prAyogika donoM rUpoM meM hotI

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hai / sahaja TelIpaithI vaha hai jahA~ asAdhAraNa vicAroM aura bhAvanAoM kA akasmAt binA kisI pUrva AzA ke ekAeka grahaNa hotA hai / jahA~ pUrNa niyaMtrita paristhiti maiM sAmAnya cetana sthiti meM samIpa meM yA dUra meM TelIpaithI para prayoga kiye gaye, kAlpanika kAyeM, bhAvanAyeM, anubhava, vicAra saphatApUrvaka eka mastiSka rA preSita aura dUsare mastiSka ArA grahaNa kiye gaye, vaha prAyogika TelIpaithI hai 154 anyatra yadi pAtracAtya atIndriyagodhakatAoM ke sA~jhako maiTrI 1 Psychometry $ nAmaka atIndriya jJAna zAkhA para kucha vicAra kiyA jAye to usakI kucha sImA taka kevalajJAna se samAnatA pratIta hotI hai 155 tAtparya hai ki aMtima rUpa meM padArtha koI aisI saratA hai jo apane hAya 'ma se ucca hai, mahAna hai / aindriya aura gana ke saMbaMdha isase sthApita hone para yaha aindriya padArtha ke sva meM upasthita hotA hai, pAstavika padArtha ke rUpa meM nahIM / padArthoM ke mUla rUpa kA vaTa jagat indriyaganya dezakAla ke AyAmoM se pare hai| saMbhavataH ise hI phoTo ne "pratyayoM kA jagata" aura kATe ne "paramArtha jagata" kahA thA / atIndriya jJAna dezakAla aura vastu se sImita nahIM hai, yaha vastuoM ke una guNoM ko jAnatA hai jo aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA nahIM jAne jA sakate /

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I. pramANamImAMsA, pR0 18. 2. nyAyAvatAra, sidvarSi kI TIkA, pR0 25. 3. vipadaH pratyakSAm / pramANagImAsA, 11-13. viSAdaH pratyAmiti / / parIkSAmukha, 2.3, 5. nyAyacinizciyAtidharaNa, pR0 95. 5. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, 13, 6. vahI, pR0 98. 7. vahI, pR0 90. 8. pratiniyAmiti parApekSA nitiH / "aNoti vyApanoti jAnAti" iti AkSa AtmA, prAptAyopazApa: prakSINAvaruNo parApekSA nivRttiA tA bhavati / tatvArthavArika bhAga eka, 1.12-2 nyAgAvatAra, 1.4, 1. pravarAnasAra, loka / , paMcAstikAyasamayasAra TIkA, gAthA 48. nyAyadhinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 95. 13. baTTI, pR0 98. 14. indriyanindriyAnapemAtI tavyAbhivAra sAkAragrahaNaM pratyayAm / tAtyArthavAiika, bhAga eka, 1.12-1.

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15. aet, 1.12-4-5. 16. acte, CO 73, # 74 17. ELTACTE. HULUMT THAT FETT, TCH TO TATE, g`o MTTRACT, *T TOTYK fait, *To fco tanto, utenot YkT, 70. 18. You remember that the conflict of two mental frotora, which we roughly call the repressed unconscious and conscious, nominatag our life and that the resistence against the interpretation of dreams, the hall mark of the dream-censorship 1 none other them the repression. resistence, which keeps these two factors apart. New Introductory lectures on Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, Translated by J.H. 3prott, Third artition. Nogarth press, London and the Institute of Psychoanalye sis, 1946, p. 26. 19. The sleeper has to dream because the nightly relaxation of mpression allows the upward thrust of the tramatic fixation to become active. Ibid. p. 44. 20. EINSTein's conception of science, P.S.C. Northrop Philosopher Scientist, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp. Second dition, 1951, Tudor Publishing Company, New York, p. 400-402. 21. The process of dream work has given us our first glimpse into those proco88 which go on in our unconscious mental system and shows us that they are quite different from what we know about our conscious thought, Ibid, p. 27.

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22. Psychoanalysis, * manual of principles and Techen Inues. Roberto Argaoguioli, Hobbs Dorman and Company, New York, 1965, p. 17. 23. kaThopaniSada, 3.1,2. 24. "AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantago nipriyA zitapyaH mai pAtmano IT are darzanena 'paNena matyA pijAneneda rAI aditam / * pRhadAraNyokapaniSada, 2.4-5. 25. antaHzArIre jyotirmayo hi zubho / yaniA gatamaH zINadoSAH / / guNDakopaniSada, 2.15 26. methakamalamA , pR. 241. pravadhanatAra, 21, 22. 28. pramANanaya tatvalokAlaMkAra, dhAdidevasUri, II, 18. 29. prapacanasAra, 57, 58. nyAyAvatArayA tika, 1.27. bhAratIya darzana, STO sarvapatalI rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga do, elana eMDa anAcina, pRSa 552. 32. tatvAdhasUna, 1, 12, 14. 33. pahI, 1.27 30 savAniti, I.21

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35. sarvArthasiddhi, 1.23 tatvArthA taka 1.23.2 37. satvAryasUtra 1.24, 25. garveftrar, 1.1-18. tatvArthapArtika, 1.23040 36. 38. 39. Lyfte 41. 42. 43. 44444 45. 46. 47. 40. 49. 50. 51. mar, 1.29 pramANana taralokAlaMkAra pU0 242. pramANamImAMsA 1.1-15. vahI, 1.1-16. vahIM, 11-16 SaTkhaMDAgamakRti anuyoga tarasUtra, saMpAdaka hIrAlAla jaina, roja zitAbarAya, lakSmI bindU, amarAvatI, pU0 118. niyamatAra, 19 159. dhruvacanasAra, 1.42 samayatAra, 10, 11, 433. aet, 169. niyamasAra, 168. vahIM, 158, 171. b.

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54. FITT 53. An Introduction to l'rapoyehulogy. Ak Atikya. The Internationyl standart Publications, Banaras, 1957, Chap. I. 54. Jain view of life, Prof. T.H. Xalghatki. Kamatak University, Dharwar, 1961. 56. An Introrfuction to Parapsychology, p. 143-144.

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ChAAR ? xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx opit - zEurg farettia - taba afediia okhooroo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkh'8

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tRtIya - adhyAya Mom que aco via en me espleta H I V@ MON kevalajJAna - navIna pariprekSya sho sarvajJatA kA vivecana bhAratIya darzana ke prAyaH sabhI saMpradAyoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya huA hai aura sAmAnyataH bhAratIya vicAradhArA sarvakSatA ko saMbhava mAnatI hai / isI sarvajJatAko mukti kI sthiti mAnA gayA hai| prazna hai ki sarvajJatA kA artha kyA hai tathA kyA honA cAhiye' yaha prazna isalie upasthita hotA hai kyoMki sarvajJatA, jo vizuddha dArzanika saMpratyaya hai, kI vyAkhyA dhArmika saMpratyaya ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| isa rUpa meM sarvajJatA ko dhAmAtkArika zakkI upalabdhi ke sAtha jor3a diyA jAtA hai / dArzanika saMpratyaya ke rUpa meM sarvekSatA ko koI aisI AgaMtuka zakti nahIM mAnA jA sakatA jo vyakti ko bAhara se upalabdha hotI hai, yaha vyakti kI aMtaHstha, Atmika zaktiyoM, guNa aura yogyatAoM kA vikAsa hai / vAstava meM, prAyaH sabhI dArzanika saMpradAyoM meM sarvajJatA kA yahI abhiprAya hai; cAhe sAMkhyadarzana ho, cAhe vedAnta darzana / yaha prayojana hai, sarvajJatA ko, jisa jaina darzana meM kevala - jJAna kahA gayA hai, dArzanika saMpratyaya ke rUpa meM upasthita karanA / vAstava meM, kevalajJAna ke vizleSaNa maiM antanihita vicAra dArzanika saMpratyaya ke rUpa meM hI hai| jaina darzana meM pUrNatama jJAna kI upalabdhi kI sthiti ko, jo jIvoM kA svabhAva hI hai, kevalajJAna kahA gayA hai / isakA artha huA kevalajJAna svabhAvajJAna hai jise sarvagata, sarvavyApaka, svayaMbhU, atisUkSma, vizuddha, pUrNa, pratyakSa Adi aneka vizeSaNoM se jAnA gayA hai / / kevalajJAna ko svabhAvajJAna kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hI hai ki yahAM jJAna ko AtmA kA AgaMtuka nahIM svAbhAvika guNa mAnA gayA hai / jJAna ke binA AtmA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / AtmA kA yaha svAbhAvika guNa jJAna jIvoM ke apane karmo ke kAraNa AvRtta ho jAtA hai / yaha hI kAraNa hai, jaisA pichale adhyAya meM spaSTa ho cukA hai, jainadarzana meM "a" zabda kA artha AtmA mAnate hue kevalajJAna ko year jJAna mAnA gayA hai| 2 ataH spaSTa hai ki kevalajJAna

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atIndriya jJAna hai| jJAna meM indriya Adi bAhya sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA to taba par3atI hai jaba jJAna jIpa ke apane karmoM ke kAraNa Ayutta rahatA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki samasta jJAnAcaraNoM ke samUla nAza ho jAne para yetana AtmA ke svAbhAvika svarUpa kA pUrNa prakAzana, unakI atIndriya aura zudra anubhUti hI phevalajJAna hai| yaha sabhI prakAra ke rendriya anubhavoM se svatantra hai| akalaka ne tarka se isa bAta ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake anusAra svabhAva AtmA ke bhAnAvaraNa karma ke sarvathA naSTa ho jAne para koI zeya ghoSa nahIM raha jAtA jo jJAna kA 'viSya na ho ske| ki jJAna svabhAvata: prApyakArI hai, ataH use samasta padArthoM kA bodha honA hI cAhie / jJAna meM jAnane kA svabhAva hai aura zeya meM jJAna meM pratibhA sita hone kA / yadi koI pratibaMdhaka kAraNa nahIM hai to jJAna meM keya kA pratibhAsa honA hI pAhie / sabase bar3I bAdhA jhAnAvaraNa kI thI to jaba vaha samUla naSTa ho gayI to nivAraNa jJAna svaya ko jAnegA hii|" yadyapi jainadarzana meM kabhI-abhI aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jahA' kevalajJAna ko samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai, jo kevalajJAna ke AtmAbhi mukhI svarUpa se saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA kintu antima vizleSaNa se siddha hogA ki kevalajJAna AtmAbhimukha hI hai / kuMdakuMda ne kevalajJAna ko yugapat anaMtapadArthoM ko jAnane vAlA batAyA hai| cUMki kevalajJAna ghetanAzakti ke sampUrNa vikAsa ke samaya prakaTa hotA hai, isalie koI bhI vastu yA bhAva aisA nahIM hai jo isake dvArA na jAnA jA sake / ' umAsvAti ke mata meM, kevalajJAna meM sabhI davya apanI sampUrNa payAyoM ke sahita eka sAtha AbhAsita hote haiN|

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. 54 kuMdakuMda kA kevalajJAna ke viSya meM viziSTa dRSTikoNa unake nimna kathana meM vyakta hotA hai ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai|' isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kudakuMda Age kahate haiM ki jo ananta payAyoMvAle eka dRSya ko nahIM jAnatA para sabako kaise jAna sakatA hai aura jo sabako nahIM jAna sakatA yaha ananta payAya vAle eka dravya ko kaise jAna sakatA hai| isa vicAra kA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jaina tarkaganthoM ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha tvarUpa se sat hai aura pararUpa se asat hai / ata: kisI bhI padArtha ke yathAvat pUrNajJAna ke lie jisa prakAra svarUpAstitva kA jJAna Avazyaka hai usI prakAra usa padArtha ke ananta pararUpoM ke nAstitva kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai / kahane kA tAtparya hai ki jo vyakti vastu ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle jJAna kA svarUpa yathAvat jAna letA hai vaha vastu ko jAnane ke sAtha hI ananta vastuoM ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle pUrNatAna rUpa AtmA ko jAna letA hai| aura isa zakti ke upayogabhUta ananta padArthoM ko bhI jAna letA hai| akalaMkadeva ne kevalajJAna kI siddhi ke lie jyotizAna kI eka aura yukti bhI dI hai| unake mAta meM yadi atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna na ho sake, to sUrya, candra Adi grahoM ke bhaviSya ke viSaya meM aura unake gRhaNakAla ke viSaya meM bhaviSyavANI kaise sambhava ho sakatI yaha bhaviSyavANiyA satya hotI haiM, jo isa bAta ko siddha karatI haiM ki atIndriya pratyakSa sambhA haiN| unake anusAra, 'jisa prakAra indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA hI satya-svapna, bhAvI rAjyalAbha Adi kA yAca spaSTa jJAna karAtA hai tathA viSada hai usI taraha sarvajJa kA zAna bhASI padArthoM meM saMvAdaka aura spaSTa hotA hai| cUMki do aura AvaraNa Agantuka hai, AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM haiN| ata: pratipakSI sAdhanoM se usakA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai aura taba nivAraNa aura nidoSa AtmA kA pUrNa rUpa spaSTa ho jAtA

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. 55 pIrasena ne bhasI se milatI julatI yukti dI hai| unake anusAra eka to AtmA bAnasvarupa hai dUsare usake pratibandhaka karma haTa jAte haiN| pratibandhaka kamoM ke naSTa ho jAne para jJAna prApta ho jAnA jJAna-svabhAvavAlI AtmA kA dharma hai| jaise agni meM jalAne kI zakti ho aura pratibandhaka haTa gaye hoM to vaha bAhaya ko kyoM nahIM jalAyegI, ataH spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA ke vAstavika satya, sakSaja aura pUrNarUpa ko jAna lenA hI kevalajJAna he 110 yahI kAraNa hai ki DA0 sarva pallI rAdhAkRSNana jaise "vicAraka kahate haiM ki jainadarzana kA tarka hameM eka tatvavAda kI aura le jAtA hai aura hA~ taka sa ekatAvAda ko svIkAra nahIM karate the apane jIta ke prati sajaga nhiiN| sApekSatA kA siddhAnta tArkika DhaMga se binA nirapolatA ko svIkAra kiye nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| uparokta zilese pAra nika nikalatA hai ki kevalajJAna kA abhiprAya dhArmika camatkAra nahIM hai, barAkA sudaratAki aura bauddhika AdhAra hai| mevalajJAna kI pratI tAki AdhAra aura sahaja dhauddhika saMpratyaya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita 'kiyA jAnA hai| baulika AdhAra ke lie kopalajhAna ko eka sundara mAnavIya AkAer ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAnA caahie| isa rUpa meM vilazAna ko asIma mAnavIya bhAnagatA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| bAlajJAna kA zantinihita Azaya yaha hI ho sakatA hai ki jagata maiM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jo mAnava-AtmA ke lie opana ho sake | yaha mAnavIya AtmA kI zAnakSamatA meM AsthA hai| yaha vahI AsthA hai jo vyakti ko nirantara navIna khojoM kI aura prerita karatI rahatI hai| isa rUpa meM kevalajJAna svAbhAvika mAnavIya abhivRtti hai| jisa prakAra kATa ne mAna ke sukhI rahane ke lie Izvara kI pUrvakalpanA Avazyaka mAnI thI usI prakAra AzAvAdI aura nirantara pragati kI ora agratA jagAta ke lie kevalajJAna ke rUpa meM AtmA kI bAnAtmaka zakti maiM AsthA kI pUrvakalpanA anivArya hai|

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'.56 yahA~ para kuMdakuMda ke eka pUrva ullikhita kadhana para dhyAna denA mahatvapUrNa hai, unhoMne kahA thA ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai| unake kathana kA Azaya thA jo vyakti vastu ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle bAna kA svarUpa yathAvat jAna letA hai, vaha vastu ko jAnane ke sAtha hI: ananta vastuoM ko jAnane kI zakti rakhane vAle pUrNa jJAna svarUpa AtmA ko jAna letA hai aura sa zAkti ke upayogabhAta ananA padAyoM ko bhI jAna letA hai 112 isa kathana kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai ki vyakti dvArA apanI AtmA ko jAna lenA athAta usa AtmA ko jAna lenA jo anantajJAnamaya hai, kevalajJAnI honA hai| isakA abhiprAya hai AtmA ke samaya kI khoja hI kevalajJAna hai| pAzcAtya jagata meM sarvaprathama sukarAta aise dArzanika the jinhoMne yaha batAyA ki mAnava ke andara eka AmA hai jo sAmAnya jAgaritApasthA kI buddhi naitika caritra kA AdhAra hai - aura yaha mAnava kI sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa vastu hai tathA mAnava ko usakA afa se adhika upayoga karanA cAhiye / ata: spaSTa hai ki Atma-sAkSAtkAra aura AtmAnubhUti hI kevalajJAna kA sAdhaka upayukta artha ho sakatA hai| AtmAnubhati hI sadhI smatantratA hai| mAnava prakRti para 'vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai kyoMki usake pAsa prakRti se mahAt kucha hai| isalie yaha zreSTha hai| mAnava kI upalabdhi isa tathya kI paricAyaka hai ki mAnava cetanA kucha bhI prApta kara sakane meM sakSama hai| jainadarzana kI yA kahA jAye bhAratIya darzana kI mAnavIya cetanA kI zaktiya meM AsthA hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne mAnavIya vyaktitva meM ananta vikAsa kI sambhAvanAyeM mAnI | AtmA kI uccatama avasthA inhIM mAnavIya guNoM aura zAktiyoM ke vikAsa kI uccatama avasthA hai| AtmAnubhUti kA artha hai inhIM antanihita kSamatAoM kA pUrNa prakAzana | jaba vyakti isa antadRSTi ko prApta kara letA hai to vaha jAna letA hai ki arrmA dvArA sthUla jagata para niyaMtraNa rakhamA

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sakatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hI hai ki bAnAkAra arrbhA ke svarUpa ko pAne 'binA zeyoM kA mAna sambhava nahIM hai| niyamasAra meM dudakuMda bhI isI prakAra kA 'vidyAra karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki dhanavAna ko kisa samasta padApoM ko jAnane vAlA kahA gayA hai vaha kevala vyavahAra naya se hI kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki nizyaya naya se to kevaMATna ArmAbhimukha hotA hai| apane svaspa meM nimagna hotA hai| yaha AtmA kI anubhUti hAyitagata caitana AtmA yA "maiM" kI anubhUti nahIM hai| yaha vyaktitva ke saMzleSaNAtmaka AdhyAtmika kendra kA HTETkAra hai / yaha anubhUti AtmA ke uccAra pahaluoM ko banAtI hai, isa ucca stara para pahu~cI AmA vistRta artha meM AdhyAtmika hai, aura jaba sI ucca cetanA ke kucha tatva sAmAnya cetanA ke kSetra meM Ate haiM taba vaha vyakti meM preraNA tathA racanAtma-- katA kI anubhUti utpanna karate haiN|16 kuMdakuda "samayatAra' meM spaSTa karate haiM, "yaha mere nahIM haiN| maiM prakAza hU~, jo AnArika AtmA aura bAhya jagata donoM ko prakAzita karatA hU~ kyoMki maiM sApakAka caitanya huuN|17 jaba pyApita apane sthAyitva ke isa uccatara rateIya kendra ko jAna letA hai to vaha eka sAmaMjasyapUrNa, suvyavasthita aura ekIta vyabhitva kA nimAMga karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| ataH phevalajJAna kA artha hai vyaktigata ghetanA kA uccAra yetanA meM samAye / isakA tAtparya do svatantra aura alaga AtmAoM kI sattA nahIM hai| vastutaH AtmA eka hai aura vaha sacetanatA kI vividha mAtrAoM ko prakAzita karatI hai| sammukha lakSya para hI hai ki kaise mAnava apanI isa sAmaMjasyapUrNa ekatA aura pUrNatA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| isake lie Avazyaka hai sacI AtmA kI anubhUti aura isako kendra mAnakara isake cAroM aura apane

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4 navIna vyaktitva kI racanA aura usakI punargaThana 118 antaSTi vaha sampUrNa zAktiyoM ke upayoga se prApta kara sakate haiN| prazna kevala vicAroM kA nahIM hai, yaha to jJAna ko parivartita karane kI astitva ke navInIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai / yaha eka dRSTi hai sacetanatA hai aura asIma svatantratA meM mukti hai /

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19 sandarbha aura TippaNI prayacanasAra, paloka 16. 2. vahI, loka 57,58. anuyogamArasUtra, saMpAdaka hIrAlAla jaina, seTha zilAbarAya, lakSmI binda, amarAvatI, pU0 14. 3. jJasyAvaraNavinoda yaM kimavaziSyate / apApyakAriNatasmAt sanAthAMvalokanam / / nyAyavinizcaya vidhAraNa, 3.79 sakkA liyAmidaraM jANAdi juga salamadosavyaM / ana vicita visamaM taM vAgaM svAiMghamaNiya / / pravadhanasAra, 1.47 5. sadravyapayArI kevalasya, tatyAna, 1.30 6. koNa vijANAdi juga atyo kAliketivaNo / bAda tassa takka sajjjayaM davyamekaM ca / / pravacanasAra, 142 maa shaaskaatthi naa| vApiNASAdi badi jugarva kaso sabyANi jANAdi / / ghahI, 149 dhIrayansaparodaya na ghettA kutaH punaH / jyotijJAnanisaMvAda zutAcyetsAdhanAntaram / / nyAyapinizcaya loga 414. 1. ye kathamaH syAdasati pratibaMdhAri / dAve'tidAhiko na syAdati pratibaMdhAri / / AdAgama kRti anuyogadvAra sUtra, pU0 118.

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jo passadi adhyANa avApudaLa abhavisesam / apadesaptamaj pAsAdi jiNasAsaNa savvaM / / niyamsAra, paloka 15. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga eka samayasAra, loka, 10, 11,433. pUrva aura pazcima kucha vicAra, DA0 rAdhAkRSNana, pR0 60. vahI, pU0 138 samayasAra, loka 6.7. niyamasAra, zloka, 158. Psychosynthesis, A manual of Principles and Techeniques, Chapter samayasAra, loka 3,7. Psichoanalysis, A manual of Principles and rechentorues. Chapt. 2. pUrva aura pazcima kucha vidhAra, pR0 23. 19.

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dhArtha adhyAya parobha-pramANa jaina dArzanikoM kA atIndriya bhAna kA vizleSA, jise ve pratyakSa bhAna' kahate haiM, kA jahA taka saMbaMdha hai, para jaina-dazI ko adhyAramabAda kI ora le jAtA haiM kyoMki eka tarapha to atIndriya dhAna ko svabhAva-jAna ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dete haiM tathA dUsarI tarapha yahA indriyoM ko mAdhyama ke rUpa meM asvIkAra karate huye bhAna ko AtmavedI mAnate haiN| isakA tAtparya hai ki yaha ya ke rUpa meM bhautika vastu ke astitva kA prazna gauNa ho jAtA hai| taya hai ki sAmo eka mela hai, sa maga ke rfera ke viSaya meM sadeva nahIM hai, meja eka bhautika vastu hai / sa meja kA bAma hama sabhI prApta kara sakate haiM jaba hama AkhoM se use dekheM yA use sparza kreN| yadi gulAba kAma dekhanA cAheM to mAtra socane se gulAba kA phUla nahIM A jAyegA / HOT tAtparya hai ki bhautika prastuoM kAtA se raria astitva hai aura usakA bhAna aindriya sadanoM se hotA hai| indriyoM dvArA prApta patra ke jAna ko pAzcAtya dAna meM pratyakSa jJAna bahA jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM jainoM kI kyA sthiti para prazna kSasalie mahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki yadyapi atIndriya na kI mAnyatA jaisA fir dekhA jA cukA hai jaina darzana ko adhyAdI siddha karatI hai jintu jaina darzana ko dhAstapadhAdI aura vastuvAdI darzana lA jAtA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki pratyayavAdiyoM kI taraha ve sirpha Atmagata ko yathArtha nahIM mAnate balika kAna se pRthaka svataMtra satA rakhane vAle bAdhya jar3a padArthoM kI latA bhI yathArtha mAnate haiM, paratuoM ke indriyAna ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| pahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM ne Ina ko svatavedI "viAleSA ke sAtha-sAtha sadaiva asaMvedI pi bhI diyA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki zAna padArtha bodha ke sAtha-sAtha apanA savedana svayaM kAratA hai|

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*. 63 ata: AtmA kI bhI sattA hai aura vastu kI bhI sattA hai| vastu guNa hai aura AsmA guNI / guNI aura guNa maiM bhinnatA hotI hai| kuMdakuMda kA kathana hai ki jJAnI jJAna svabhAva hotA hai aura parata jaya svabhAva / ataeva cinna lyabhAva vAle ye donoM svAtaMtra haiN| unake mata meM na to zeya se zana utpanna hotA hai aura na jJAna se shey| pastuyeM hamAre jJAna kI viSaya bane yA na bane phira bhI ve apane rUpa meM avasthita rahatI hai, usI prakAra varatuyeM hamAre jJAna kI 'viSya bane yA na baneM, hamArA mAna hamArI AmA meM adhAi rakhatA hai kyoMki kAna padArtha kA dharma nahIM hai, kAna to arrer kA hai| jAna antaraMga meM zetana rUpa se tathA artha bahiraMga meM jahatya se anubhava meM AtA hai| artha zunya bhAna ravAkArayA tathA bhAna zUnya artha apane Apa meM astitva rakhate hI haiN| pAta: mAna zrI tina kI utpatti kI rirdhAta nahIM hotI kintu yaha kAna ke prayoga kI niyati hai, kyoMki jJAna kI sthiti hamArI AgA zrI svAbhAvika sthiti hai| mAmA kA hI hai caitanya / dhAnya hI sArI jJAna kI pravRttiyoM kA smota hai| ata: jaina darzana ke vAstavavAdI po jAne ke pIche yahI kAraNa hai ki ve pAstavAdI darzana kI bhAti jJAtA se bAhya vastu jagA kI svataMtra sattA mAnate haiN| aba pAna yaha uThatA hai ki maiM jise jaina dArzanika putgala-dravyalatale haiM, jo varNa, gaMdha, rasa, spardhA Adi indriyoM ke vijaya banate haiM unakI kyA sthiti hai' ce bhI vastuoM kI taraha TtA nirapekSa haiM yA nahIM' sAmAnya di batAtI hai ki cetanA ke saMbaMdha se svataMtra bhI gulAba lAla aura pattiyA harI hotI haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka aNu jo vastu kI sUkSmatama jhakAI hai meM eka varNa, eka gandha, eka rasa aura do spo anivAryatA hotA hai| yahAM pudagala dravya kA lAga hI hai varNa, gA, rasa aura rapayukta honA / ye ravama se alaga-alaga paratuyeM na hokara pudagala draSya ke hI aMdhA hai| ye indriyoM ke viya hai| a

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64 pA~ca indriyA eka hI dravya kI bhinna bhinna avasthAoM ko jAnatI haiN|" ye pAMcoM guNa alaga-alaga nahIM rahate / ye vastu ke sabhI bhAgoM meM sammilita rUpa se rahate haiM / ina guNoM meM jo bheTa pratIta hotA hai vaha indriyajanya hai kyoMki indriyoM sImita hai isaliye ye vastu ke eka hI guNa ko eka samaya meM dekha pAtI haiM / eka bhautika dravya meM sparza, rasa Adi sabhI payAyeM hotI hai kintu eka hI samaya sabhI paryAyeM pratyakSIkaraNa kA viSaya nahIM banatI / pratyakSIkaraNa kA viSaya bananA praNatA para nirbhara hai arthAt yadyapi sabhI payArthI vastu meM hotI hai kintu jo pAyeM kI kA hotI haiM, usI ko indriyA~ grahaNa letI haiN| phira ina pAMcoM kI kAtAabalatA Adi indriyoM kI yogyatA para bhI nirbhara hotI haiM, kyoMki indriyoM kI grahaNAkti meM bhI vividhatA hotI hai| 7 ataH pAzcAtya vastuvAdiyoM kI taraha vastu bhI jJAtA nirapekSa hai aura guNa bhI / yahA~ para jainoM kA viziSTa anekAMtavAdI, sApekSavAdI dRSTikoNa spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| jainadArzanika kisI bhI sthA para aikAntika rUpa se na sirpha meTa ko mAnate haiM na sirpha ameTa ko, balki eka sthiti maiM bheda ko bhI mAnyatA dete haiM aura dUsarI dRSTi se abheda ko bhI indriyoM meM bheda bhI hotA hai aura abheda bhI / esa Adi maiM bhI bheda aura abhTa donoM hotA hai dravya kI dRSTi se abheda aura paryAya kI dRSTi meM bheda 18 yadi unameM sirpha abheda ho to do indriyoM meM anubhavoM meM koI bheda nahIM hogA yadi unameM sirpha me hogA to ve milakara eka sAtha jJAna utpanna nahIM kara sakatIM / " mAnate haiM / pA~ca isI prakAra indriyoM ke viSayoM pa pUjyapAda ke anusAra - sparzAdi paraspara tathA dravya se kadAcit bhinna kadAcit abhinna haiM / yadi sparzAdi meM sarvathA ekatva hai, spardhAoM ke hone para rasa rica ho jAnA cAhiye / yadi dravya se sarvathA ekatva ho to yA to dravya bhI saratA rahegI yA phira sparzIda kI / yadi dravya kI sattA rahatI hai to lakSaNa ke abhAva meM usakA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA aura yadi guNoM kI to nirAzraya hone se unakA abhAva hI ho jAyegA / yadi sarvathA bheda mAnA jAtA

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65 hai to saMkhyA parimANa, pRthukAva, saMyoga, vibhAga Adi spI dravya meM samavAsa saMbaMdha meM rahane ke kAraNa cAkSuSa hone para bhI paraspara bhinna hai 110 *yadi donoM svataMtra haiM to donoM meM saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai kuMdakuMda udAharaNa afer bAta ko spaSTa karate haiM, unake mata meM jaise cakSu apane meM rUpa kA praveza na hone para bhI vastu ko jAnatI hai vaise hI jJAna bAhya vastuoM kA pratyakSa karatA hai| unakA mata hai ki jisa taraha dUdha ke bartana meM rakhA huA indranIlamaNi apanI kAMti se dUdha ke rUpa kA abhibhata karake usameM rahatA hai vaise hI jJAna vastu meM rahatA hai| jaise dUdhagata maNi svayaM sampUrNa dUdha meM vyApta nahIM hai phira bhI usakI kAti ke kAraNa sampUrNa dUdha nIlavarNa kA dikhAI detA hai / isI prakAra jJAna dravyataH sampUrNa vastu meM vyApta na hote huye bhI artha ko jAna letA hai / isa taraha AtmA aura vastu meM saMbaMdha saMbhava hai kyoMki AtmA meM jAnane kI kSamatA hai aura vastu meM jAne jAne kI, AtmA kA lakSya hai ya aura AtmA kA upayoga | arata or artha hai jAnane kA upAya || AtmA meM hI jJAna kI kriyA hotI hai, jar3a ghara meM nahIM, kyoMki bodha kA kAraNa cetanA hai / jisameM cetanAzakti ho usI meM bodha kriyA ho sakatI hai| cetanA zakti AtmA meM hI hotI hai, jar3a meM nahIM | 12 ataH AtmA ke anaMta guNoM meM upayoga arthAt citzakti hI aisA guNa hai jisake dvArA AtmA ko jati kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha caitanya zakti jaba vA vastuoM ke svarUpa ko jAnatI hai taba usa sAkAra avasthA meM jJAna kahalAtI yaha caitanya zakti bAhya padArthoM meM na rahakara mAtra caitanya stha, svastharahatI hai giratI hai| arthAt caitanyazakti kI dhAkAra avasthA usake kAna kI avasthA hai aura usakI caitanyAkAra avasthA usake darzana kI avasthA hai / tAtparya hai ki caitanya kI eka dhArA hai jo anAdi,

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anaMtakAla taka pravAhita hone vAlI hai / isa dhArA meM karmabaMdhana zarIra saMbaMdha, mana, indriya Adi bAhya aura AMtarika kAraNoM ke samparka se jJeyAkAra yAni padArtho kA jJAna rUpa pariNamana hotA hai 1 isakA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazamAnusAra vikAsa hotA hai / 13 66 amlaka ke mata meM vijaya grahaNa jJAna zakti yA kSayopazama ke anusAra hotA hai jita jJAna meM padArtha ko jAnane kI jaisI yogyatA hai usa anusAra padArtha ko jAnatA hai padArtha kA nizcaya karanA / / Ana kI sAkAratA kA artha hai jJAna kA usa vaitanya dhArA deva ko jAnane ke samaya para hotI samaya meM jJAnAkAra / nirAkAra darzana indriya aura padArtha ke samparka se pahale hotA hai jabaki sAkAra jJAna indriyArtha samparka ke bAda | 14 " 12 ataH uparyukta vivecana meM spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana vAstavikatAvAda ka poka hai, kyoMki yaha jJAtA aura bAna meM pUrNa abheda nahIM maantaa| jJAtA jJAna svabhAva hai aura vastu jJeya svabhAva / ataH viSayI aura viSaya ke rUpa meM donoM svataMtra hai / kintu vastu meM jJAna ke dvArA jAne jA sakane kI aura jJAna meM vastu ko jAnane kI kSamatA hotI hai / of pAzcAtya darzana ke vAstavavAda aura janadarzana ke vAstavavAda meM yaha samAnatA hai ki donoM ke anusAra barTijagata kA astitva yathArtha hai, jJAtA aura jJAna donoM hI paryAya hai, vastu kA astitva dhAtA se svataMtra hai kintu paramAtmAtsavavAda kA ti hai ki jJAtA ina vastuoM ke asti ko indriyoM ke mAdhyama se jAna letA hai / isakA tAtparya hai ki vAstavavAda ke anusAra vastu kAgana indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai aura yaha aindriya jJAna sAkSAt jJAna kI vastu jJAna ko mAtra indrA koTi meM rakhA gayA hai / kintu jaina dArzanika eka sImita nahIM karate aura rendriya jJAna ko

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67 sAkSAt zAna na kara parIkSA zAna maano| gaha jainoM kA apanA viNiEHATIta hai ki jJAna zAti kA pUrNa vikAsa hone para jAnane kA prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA, mAna satata pravRttA rahatA hai| prayatna se kAnAparaNa jitanA kSINa hotA hai utanA hI jJAna zikapilo jAtA hai aura sAmAna aura gAnA #I antara nahIM raha jarar kinta bhAna kI apUrNa vikAsa kI avasthA meM yataH jJAna kI pravRti nahIM hotii| jAputta java meM hameM jAnane kA prayatna karanA par3atA hai / 15 irA avA meM ma pantu ko mAdhyama ko binA nahIM jAna / ye mAdhyama banAte haiM, zani aura mana / jaina-darzana . tutAra pAra pAtA itara kAraNoM se jo jJAna hotA hai yaha parIkSAmAna hai| yahA~ umAlata bada se indriya aura bhane tathA anupAtta zabda se prakAzA Adi kA artha abhipreta hai| inakI apekSA se hone vAlA jJAna parodA hai| isa aindriya jJAna ko parokSa isaliye kahA gayA thA ki yaha "para" kI sahAyatA se "a" yAni AtmA ho hone vAlA mAna hai|16 jaina darzana ke anusAra mati aura zuta, ye do jJAna indriya mana sApedA jAna ko jAte haiM aura isaliye ye paroyAna kI zreNI meM rakhe jAte haiN| 7 matimAna zuddha aindrika pratyakSA zAna hai jo pUrNatayA mana aura indriya para Azrita hai| hameM smRti, saMjJA cintA, abhiniyo bhI kiyAyeM A jAtI hai|18 bhutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai| takSAna kA matalaba hai sanA huA zAna |19 matidhAna kI cAra rAvasthAyeM hotI haiM - gAvagraha, ITA, AvAya aura dhAraNA 120 ina cAroM avasthAoM se gujarakara hI matijJAna hotA hai| ina cAroM avasthAoM meM bheda bhI hai aura abheda bhI / bheda barA artha meM ki ye vastu kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko dikhAtI hai, abheda isa artha meM ki ye sabhI avasthAyeM eka hI prakriyA ke vibhinna pariNAma haiN|

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* . 68 yadi viTanAyeM bhautika vastu se utpanna hotI haiM to donoM meM tara kyoM pAyA jAtA hai| tAtparya ki bhautika aura usase utpanna netanA meM kAphI antara hotA hai| isakA kAraNa kyA hai' kyoM eka hI vastu ke viSya meM hI lA ko vibhinna samayoM meM vibhinna anubhUtigA logI ' adhayA : 14 maI mAtAoM ko eka hI meM vibhinna anubhUtiyA kyoM hotI hai cAratApAda ke sAmane yaha sabase dila prapA pAna aura bhI jamA ho jAtA hai yadi vAstavavAdI bhotika vidhAna hai| viTanAoM se nikalA STHIT 30emaemANa ke pa meM prastuta pAsa ki yo rola dI gaI kAra | tita kI dvAviSTa se hamArA mAna nidanA se nikalA hai lekina gAdi bhopina satya hai to bhI hamAre vidanoM ora una bAhya kAraNoM meM rAnI samasamAnatA hai ki yaha kATanA kaThina hai ki saledanAoM hama bAhaya vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN| samAmA sayarI aura jaTila ho jAtI hai ki bhautika vijJAna saMvedanoM se hI anumita ke 121 rasela prazna karate haiM, prAraNa kyA hai' jaisA ki maiM isa zabda kA prayoga karatA hU~, sAmAnya tama, ke padoM meM rASTa hai, kyA hotA hai jaba maiM cAra dekhatA hU~ athavA kucha sunatA hu~ yA anyathA maiM apane para vizvAsa karatA hU~ ki meM apanI indriyoM para kucha cIjoM avagata hotA hai| hama vizvAsa kI hai ki sUrga sadA hai 'kintu maiM kevala kumaya ise dekhatA hU~, maiM ise rAta meM yA gacchanna mausama meM nahIM dekhatA gA dusarA kAma karatA hotA hU~ taba bhI nahIM detaa| huuN| kintu una pratyeka avAroM para jaba maiM sUrya ko dekhatA huuN| unameM eka nizcita samAnatA hotI haiM jisane mujhe sahI apasaroMpara "sUrya" zabda kA prayoga karane ke yogya banA diyA hai| kucha samAnatAyeM vibhinna avasaroM para jaba maiM sUrya ko detA hU~ spaTala se mujhameM haiM, udAharaNa ke liye mujhe apanI A kholanI cAhiye aura sIdhI tarapha manA cAhiye, isaliye inheM hama sUrya kI vizeSaer mAna sakate haiN|

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hamAre Upara nirbhara nahIM hotI; jaba hama sUrya ko dekhate haiM yaha prAyaH gola, camakadAra aura garma hai| isa prakAra kI phanA jise "sUrya ko dekhanA" kahA jAtA hai mere aura usa vastu ke bIca eka saMgha meM nihita hotI hai aura jaba yaha saMbaMdha pAyA jAtA hai, maiM pastu kA pratyakSIkaraNa athavA saMvedana karatA hU~ 122 isa jagaha bhautika vijJAna hastakSepa karatA hai aura batAtA hai ki sUrya usa artha meM camakadAra nahIM hai jisa artha meM bama prAya: "zabda" ko samajhate haiN| isake atirita jaba Apa abasUrya ko dekhate haiM to Apake dekhane se jo bhautika vastu anumita hogI, A3 minaTa pahale freet | saliye bhautika vijJAna ke sUrya ko aura hama jo dekhate haiM tadAtmya nahIM kara sakate / kintu itanA hone para bhI hama jo dekhate hai bholika sUrya meM kiyA karane ke liye hamArA mukhya taka hai / Age rasela kahate haiM ki hamAre vidana ke upakaraNoM kI bhautikA pada budha sImA taka upekSA kara sakatA hai gayA ki isakA riyara rUpa meM prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai jabaki ye vAstava meM sthira nahIM hai| dRSTidoSa se hama do pUrya dekha sakate haiM kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki hamane eka golazAstrIya gatkAra saMpana kiyA hai| sUrya ke svarUpa meM yaha parivartana mere kAraNa hai sUrya ke kAraNa nahIM / sAmAnya anubhava saMvidana meM vibhinnatA ke Atmagata strotoM ke bheda ke kAraNa hai| eka paudhora vastu sadaiva caukora hI dikhAI degI 124 phira rasela kA kintu una zitoM kA abhI bhI paNata adhyayana ENT jo ki bho5 .. || T T se anumAna uvita OTo / udAharaNa ke liye jaba bahuta pyApita sUrya ko dekhI hai to yaha pivAsa karanA thA ki unake saMvedanoM se bAdhya ra sUrya hai aura isaliye nahIM ki paristhitiyoM ko nirdhArita karane vAle nigama hai jisameM ki hama yaha anubhava karate haiM, kahataka"sUrya dekha rahe haiN| 25

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kA tAtparya hai ki vAstavavAda kI samasyA kA samAdhAna vijJAna ke jagata meM nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki pro0 AinsTIna kA kahanA hai ki pratyakSa kAtA viSayI se svataMtra bAhya jagata kA astitva samasyAtmaka hai| yadyapi AinsTIna varya bhI eka RTE maratIkAra karate haiM, jo ki nirISHAT se kAphI hada taka sva hai| unakA mata hai ki eka bAdhya jagata meM vizAla o ki pratyakSatA tithI se mAhe sabhI prAkRtika vijJAnoM kI AdhArazilA he 126 vAstunitA kI samasyA ke uttara AinsTIna kA sApekSatA kA hiir bahina mahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki Martin hai ki vastu ni to dhyAcyA prakRti athaAT AT ke bAda jagata meM nahIM kI jA sakatI 21 'sidhAMta dvArA vastu ke saMpratyaya meM parivartana huaa| pahale jo vastuoM kA eka guNa ghA vaha aba vastuoM ke guNa aura unake saMdarbha kI vyavasthAyeM bana gayA / 28 / sApItA ke simA ne kiyA ki mApI gayI lambAI aura samaya kA anArAla nirapekSa vaidhatA nahIM rakha li Akasmika tatva hotA hai| kisI cUnI gayI viziSTa saMdarbha kI gayA meM yaha tathya ki gatizIla AkAra meM parivartana hogA bhASA zivasyA ke sApekSa hotA he / 29 para pAntavikatA jo sabhI dRzya pargi kA AdhAra hai spaSTa rUpa se kI pAhu-AyAmI vyavasthA hai aura hamArI saMvedana-ni TT jitane mAyAma jAne gaye hai unase jyAdA AyAma urake apekSita haiM 130 spaSTa hai ki AinsTIna ke 7 sAdAvAdI sinata kA Azaya yahI hai ki yAmi dhAna phA liyatA se svataMtra hai kintu zAtA niSkriya hokara mAna prApta nahIM karatA | zAna TAT aura zeya ke bIca eka saMbaMdha para nirbhara hai| 'kintu vastu pAdI isa tathya ko bhUla jAte haiN| jainadarzana kA pAstavavAda ita artha meM Adhunika hai kyoMki yaha sApekSatAvAdI mata se kAphI samAnatA rakhatA hai, kyoMki

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71 pezAna ko prasaMga sAyedA mAnate haiN| tAtparya hai ki yaha vastu meM anaMta guNoM aura pAyoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai sAtha hI pastu kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA he utpAda, vyaya aura praupayukta honA / vastu kA jo saMvedana hogA De vaha devA, kAla, dayA aura bhAva sApekSa hotA hai| vAstu ke anaMta guNoM aura payAyoM kI thApanA AinsTIna kI aneka AyAmoM kI kalpanA ke samAna hai aura prasaMga-sApekSatAna kI bahumAyAmI vyavasthA ke samAna hai| isa bAta ko AT TRE pa... "kiyA jA sakatA hai ki fr pukAra AnsTIna mAnate haiM ki "bAlArAmA silA kA krama hai aura aneka saMbhAvya kAlakramoM meM se eka kAlakrama ko dhAstavika mAnanA Anubhavika nirI ke kAraNa sApekSa hai| usI taraha jaina dAnika bhI mAnate haiM ki dravya jAda kI bAkiA aura usake avodakA bhinna-bhinna haiN| hA~ yaha avazya ki kahIM-kahIM pya ke pratimA arthoM meM kisI ko pradhAna aura kisI ko gauNa mAnanA paDatA hai, kyoMki retA mAne binA vibhinna nayA~ rA vibhinna arthoM meM Abana aise kaI lokaLyavahAra haiM jinakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI 132 jisa vastu ko eka bhAga meM dekhA usI ko anya bhAga meM nahIM dekhA aisA rapaTa vyavahAra loka meM dekhA pAI aura isa 'dhyavAhAra ke kAraNa hI vharo meM viruddha pramoM kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| deza, kAla, puDA apekSA bheda se eka hI vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharma bhI raha sakate haiN| jaisA ki parva 'vivecana se spaSTa ho cukA hai jainadArzanikA kahIM bhI aikAntika vyAkhyA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / ataH pAra pAdI hote huro bhI ve bhautikavAdI pyAkhyA panna kaThinAI se 7 yin | jaina dArzanika indrioM ko pUrI taraha se mautika nI gAnaro / indriyoM kI saMracanA kI dRSTi se inake do rUpa hote haiN| davyendriyA aura bhASendriyA / dravyendriyA' 'binA bhAniyA~ kI sahAyatA ke zAna nahIM upalaser kara sakatI kyoMki bhApendriyA indriyoM kI

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zApiyA, dravyenTriyA to upakaraNamAtra hai| isI prakAra aindriya jJAna meM mana bhI eka upakaraNa hai, jise jaina dArzanikoM ne AMtarika indriya mAnA hai kintu mana ko bhI bhAvabhana aura dRdhyamana he bheda se do spoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai 137 Age jaina dArzanikoM kI eka aura viziSTatA ubharakara sAmane AtI hai jahA~ unhoMne vastu aura prakAza Adi kAraNoM ko pratyakSIkaraNa kA anivArya kAraNa nahIM balliA pratyakSIkaraNa ke pi mAnA hai| yadi zAna ke anivArya kAraNa hote| to unakI upasthiti ra kAna meM anivArya hotI to phira aisI sthiti meM bhUtakAla aura bhaviSya kI vastuoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA, isI prakAra yadi prakAza anivArya hotA to aMdhakAra meM zAna na hotA / " yahI kAraNa hai fis TT dArzanika mAnate haiM ki draSya ke sabhI guNa aura nirantara parivartanazIla payA indriyoM ke bArA nahIM jAnI jA sakatIM payoMki indriyoM kI pApitayA deza aura kAla kI sImAoM se sImita hotI hai| ataH rapA hai ki indriyA vastuoM ke satya syatya ko nahIM jAna sakatI / isIlige jaina dArzanika raindriya jJAna ko nira... mAna nahIM mAnate, samAna ko parIkSa zAna mAnate haiN| yaha jJAna pani AtmA kA dharma hai ata: jo bhAna indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai vaha AtA ke liye parosA hI hai| ataH spaSTa hai Tryapi jaina dArzanikoM kA mata aura pAzcAtya dhArayAda kA mata hai ki pArA jAtA vastuniSTha astitta, samAna hai in ..pApAya ETAILATERI Fagi kA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se sAyAta pratyakSa mAna MET jainoM ke anusAra aise zAna ko parokSa kahA gayA hai| yapi bAda meM paina tAkikoM ne mukhya aura sAdhyavahArika the do bheda prarucl airna ke kArake rendriya kAna ko sAdhyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA / mukhya pratyakSa jJAna to vahI

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13 mAnA gayA jo sIdhe AtmA se hotA hai| rendriya jJAna ko to sAMvyavahArika pratyakSA isa artha meM kahA gayA ki yaha kisI dUsare kAna para AdhArita nahIM hai, yahI pratyakSa kA do arthoM meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki pratyakSa nAna kA inakA vizleSaNa AdhyAtmika vizvAsa se prabhAvita hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa kA bheda yA jJAnagata bheda nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika bheda hai kyoMki yaha jainoM kI apanI viziSTa tatvamImAtA para AdhArita hai isaliye jo vyakti isa viziSTa tatva mImAMsA ko nahIM mAnatA usake anusAra pratyakSa aura parokSa kA yaha bheda galata apara ke vivecana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainoM ke aindriya jJAna kA jahAM taka saMbaMdha hai yaha pAzcAtya darzana meM rasela aura mUra ke vAstavavAdI darzana ke kAphI nikaTa hai / jaina vAstavavAdI hai| vyavahAravAdI unakA pAstavikatA kA siddhAnta sApekSatA ke simAnta kA eka prakAra hai| yaha tathya jaina-darzana ko Adhunika vaijJAnika siddhAntoM ke atyanta samIpa le jAtA hai| yahA~ hara prakAra ke ativAdoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai tathA sAmAnya anubhava ke siddhAMtoM | cominen saunee Theory knowledge | para jora diyA gayA hai| isa prayAsa meM jainoM dvArA satyatA, tAtyA aura jJAna para kucha viziSTa siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye gaye / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana kahIM vAstavavAdI darzana hai, kahI' pratyayavAdI darzana ke nikaTa pahuMyA pratIta hotA hai aura kahIM apavahAravAda aura sApezAvAda ke nikaTa pahuMcatA hai| paina-jJAnamImAtA vAstavavAdI hote hue bhI pAzcAtya yathArthavAdI aura prakRtivAdI mAnamImAsA nahIM hai / prativAda' ke anusAra jIvana saMzliSTa bhautika aura rAsAyanika zAkti kA palamAna hai evaM prakRtivAda meM jJAna kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai kintu jJAna ke vikAsa kA artha, yahA~ caitanya kA vikAsa nahIM hai| jabaki jainoM ke anusAra vikAsa kA artha hai caitanya kA vikAsa | phira yathArthavAdI saMvedana

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74 Perception 1 aura tarka | Reasoning 11 ko hI jJAna ke sAdhana ke spa meM mAnate haiM tathA kisI bhI prakAra ke atIndriya jJAna ko nahIM mAnate / jaina dArzanika jJAna kA viSaya jJAna se svatantra mAnate haiM isalie yathArthavAdI hai sAtha hI ye yathArthavAda ke sAtha savedana aura tarka ko bhI jJAna ke vizvasanIya mAdhyama ke rUma meM svIkAra karate haiN| kintu jaina-darzana avadhijJAna mana:paryaya jJAna aura kevalajJAna ke rUpa meM atIndriya jJAna ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM, sarvajJatA para cala dete haiM aura jJAna ke svayukArakatva ko mAnate haiM / yaha svIkRti jainadarzana ko rUdra artha meM yathArthavAdI darzana se bhinna kara detI hai, tathA pratyayavAdI darzana ke nikaTa le AtI hai / jaisA ki pUrva vivecana meM spaSTa ho cukA hai ki nizcaya dRSTi se guNI AtmA aura guNa - padArtha meM ekarUpatA hai / uparyukta vivecana kA abhiprAya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki jaina-darzana atIndriya darzana | Super nali ralism hai| jaina-darzana buddhivAda, vyavahAravAda aura sApekSatAvAda hai / atIndriya-jJAna kA abhiprAya yahA~ kisI prakAra kI yAmAta kArika dhArmika vAkyoM kI upalabdhi kI sthiti se nahIM jor3A jA sakatA / atIndriyAvAda ko supernaturalism ko kaise bauddhika Rahional banAyA jA sakatA hai, yaha jaina-darzana kI upalabdhi hai| AdhyAtmika anubhava agara vyavahAra meM upalabdha hI kiyA jA sakatA hai to usako bhI ye loga mAnate haiM / sarvajJatA kI sApekSatAvAdI vyAkhyA mAnate haiM / ye upayoga ko jJAna kA lakSaNa isakA abhiprAra mAnate haiM / jJAnamImAMsA kI eka pramukha samasyA viSamatA kI hai / hai jJAna ke viSaya kA jJAtA se svatantra bAhayajagata meM astitva hai yA nahIM" kyA viSaya kI svatantra sattA hai athavA vaha jJAtA kI mAnasika saMracanA para nirbhara hai ' kucha dArzanika jo yaha mAnate haiM ki viSaya svayaM eka svataMtra sattA hai use afar ke shera meM vAstavavAdI vicAradhArA kahA jAtA hai aura jo viSaya ko mAnasika sUcanA mAnate haiM ve AdarzavAdI yA pratyayavAdI dArzanika kahe jAte haiM /

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75 jahA~ taka viSayatA kI sthiti kA prazna hai jaina dArzanika cU~ki viSaya ko jJAna se svataMtra mAnate haiM, isalie vAstavAdI kahe jAyeMgeM / art kI satata ka jAtaka saMbaMdha hai yA ki jJAna meM upalabdha viSaya kI satyatA kA prazna hai vahA~ jaina dArzanika sApekSatAvAdI dRSTikoNa ko apanAte hue pratyekajJAna kI prasaMga-sA mAnate hue Frent ko bhI prasaMga - sApekSa mAna lete haiN| se vastu kA jJAna prApta kiyA gayA hai usa uddezya kI dRSTi se vaha jJAna sAtha hai| tAtparya hai ki yahA jaina dArzanika vizva ke nirapekSa kI aura Agraha na jisa prasaMga meM jisa udde dikhAte hue, viSaya-vastu jisa rUpa meM upalabdha ho rahI hai usI ko parisi "vizeSa se usake upayukta hone ke kAraNa satya mAna lete haiM / isase niSkarSa nikala hai ki vijJAna ke saMbaMdha meM jaina-dRSTi sApekSavAdI hai, vyavahAravAdI hai / jaina darzana pratyakSa jJAna ke rUpa meM atIndriya kevala jJAna ko parama nirapekSa pUrNa jJAna mAnatA hai aura jJAna ke zeSa prakAroM ko jinameM rendriya jJAna bhI kA haina ke maiTa mAnatA hai jaisA akalaMka kA kahanA hai kevalajJAna sAmAnya jJAna hai jisake AvaraNa bheda se 5 me hote hai / isa kathana kA svAbhAvika nikarSa hogA ki kevalajJAna ke rUpa meM atI 1 jJAna ke atirikta bAkI saba jJAnoM ke pukAra jinheM jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ye deer ke bheda hone ke kAraNa sApekSa aura sImita jJAna hogeM nirapekSa jJAna to Samare hai / rUpa niSkarja kI svIkRti kA artha hogA prakArAntara se prAkarAca ke darzana kI bhAMti sattA aura jJAna ke do staroM meM antara mAnanA, arthAt vyAvahArika dRSTi se aindriya jJAna satya hote huye bhI pAramArthika dRSTi se jJAna hai jo nirapekSa kevalajJAna para nirbhara hai / kintu yaha sthiti pratyavAdI kI svIkRti hai jo ki vAstavavAdI, vastuvAdI darzana jainoM ko spaSTa rUpa se Sariff ke aindriya anubhavoM ko bhI jJAnaprApti kA svataMtratA mAnate haiM / isa sthiti meM sAmaMjasya kaise sthApita kiyA jA sakegA jainoM meM

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nAna ke bheda meM nihita taka kI svAbhAvika pariNati to pratyayavAda kI ora unmula pratIta hotI hai kintu ye isa niSkarSa ko svIkAra na karake vAstavavAdI zreNI meM A jAte haiN| yadi hama pratyakSa atIndriya jJAna ko parama nirapekSa jJAna na mAneM to jainoM ke parokSa jJAna ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para unheM vAstavavAdI darzana kahA jA sakatA hai aura rendriya jJAna kI vAstavikatA mAnI jA sakatI hai kyoMki ve jJAtA ke rUpa meM eka sArvabhauma AtmA ke astitva kI kalpanA na karake anannA AtmAoM kI phAlpanA karate haiM, koya ke rUpa meM jAnA sthAna bAdhya jaDa padArthoM kI pRthaka ravataMtra sattA ko bhI mAnate haiM jinakA jJAna handriyoM se hotA hai| rekhAzinArA isa bAta ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai - mAtA jIva / parIkSA mAna -----saadhnindriyaaN| zeya / bhautika vastu jagatA 'kintu yadi hama indriyajanya parIkSA jJAna ko bAdhya vastu jagata kA svataMtra jJAna mAna liyA jAye to pratyakSA mAna kI kyA sthiti hogI' pratyakSa mAna kA vizleSNa bhI apUrNa hai kyoMki yahA~ prasthAna meM bhI viya, vasta hI hotI hai, yapi parokSazAna ke viparIta yahA pastu kA jJAna hameM binaa| indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| kyA pratyakSa aura parokSAnoM ke madhya sipha indriyoM kI mAdhyama ke rUpa meM upasthiti aura anupasthiti kA hI bheda hotA hai' prapana uThatA hai ki yadi mAtA binA indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke vastu kA sAkSAta dhAna prApta karane meM samartha hai so parIkSA jJAna ke rUpa meM indriyoM kI madhyasthatA kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3atI hai phira yaha to hamArA spaSTa anubhava hai ki vastu jagata kA jJAna hameM indriyoM dvArA hI milatA | AmA dvArA vantu kA sAkSAta jo mAna milatA hai usameM aura indriyoM ke mAdhyama se prApta jJAna meM thA saMbaMdha

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aura bayA antara hai' kyA vastu kA indriyoM dvArA pratyakSIkaraNa binA indriyoM ke sIdhe AtmA dvArA pratyakSIkaraNa se eka bhinna rUpa upasthita karatA hai' yaha samasyAyeM taba adhika spaSTa hogI jaba hama pratyakSA aura parokSa jhAnoM meM mAtA aura zeya kA adhika sUkSma vizleSmA kreN| jaina dArzanika pratyakSa jJAna use kahate haiM jo sIye AtmA ke dvArA prApta hotA hai, jahA~ ya ko jAnane ke liye zAtA ko indriyoM kI madhyasthatA kI AvayakatA nahIM hotii| pratyakSa jJAna tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - avadhi jJAna mAtA jIcA oya mUrtika padArtha manaHparyAyAna jJAtA jiicmn| taiya jiivmn| klengkaal OTAT (TOHTI Aya anantaguNa pAyukta drdhy| yadi pratyakSa jJAna ke ita pikaleDaNa ko dekhA jAye to spaSTa hogA ki pADa pratyakSa zAna cUMki atIndriyamAna hai ata: eka ora to jainoM ke vAstavavAda ke dina hai phira dUsarI tarapha yaha vila purNatayA pratyayavAdI darzana ke bhI anurUpa nahIM hai jahA~ atIndriya kAna pho AmA kA pUrNa zAna mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki pratyayavAdI darzana to mAtA ke epa meM jIva ko nahIM maantaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra eka tarapha atIndriya pratyakSa mAna meM dha viSaya to patA dhanatI hai kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki pratyakSa jJAna meM ETAT aura ya meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hotI / aba hamAre sAmane do puzna upasthita hote haiM ki kyA atIndriya bAna meM jJAna kA viSaya vastu ho sakatI hai aura yadi jJAtA aura doya meM koI

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bhinnatA nahIM hai to isakA hai, vastu nahIM / jJeya viSayavastu hai yA AtmA' 78 hai ki jJAtA bhI AbhA aura jJeya bhI AtmA yadi pratyakSa jJAna meM hama jJAna kA viSayavastu mAneM to isakA tAtparya hogA yaha jJAna viSayI viSaya bheTa para Azrita hai aura cUMki ye eka dUsare para Azrita hai. ataH sApekSa jJAna hai, isaliye inheM parama jJAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jabaki yaha jJAna to pUrNa jJAna hai / devA-kAla aura kAryakAraNa bhAva para Aja yaha bhautika jagata kisI taraha asatya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha hamAre aindriya anubhavoM se siddha hai kintu isa indriya jagata ko antima nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki anubhUta padArtha sadaiva parivartanazIla hote haiM aura parivartanazIla hone kA tAtparya hai apUrNa hote haiM / phira bhI inakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA at sakataT | yahA taka ki zaMkara bhI isakA frerary nahIM karate / kintu yadi hama Anubhavika bhautika jagata ko atIndriya jJAna meM jJeya mAnA jAye to isakA tAtparya hogA ki viSayI aura viSaya meM bheda hai dUsare zabdoM meM atIndriya jJAna bhI viSayI aura viSaya ke bheda se pare nahIM hai aura isa prakAra sApekSa, sarvocca nahIM / isa samasyA kA hala vAstavavAda meM nahIM hai ki atIndriya jJAna ko parama are mAnA jAye aura Anubhavika bhautika jagata ke aindrika jJAna ko sApekSa jJAna na mAnA jAye | isI vivodhAbhAsa se bacane ke liye hI zaMkarAcArya sattA ke do staroM meM antara karate haiM - pAramArthika sattA aura vyavahArika sattA | vyavahArika dRSTi se jagata aura Anubhavika AtmA jIvA yathArthaM tattAyeM haiM kintu atIndriya anubhava ke stara para jJAtA aura jJeya milakara eka ho jAte haiM / yahA~ jJAtA bhI AtmA hai aura dvaya bhI AtmA hai kintu yahA~ AtmA ko zeya

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paTane kA tAtparya nahIM hai ki AtmA vijaya ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai yA parivartita ho jAtI hai| atIndriya kAna meM AtmA ko apane svayaM prakAzI spa kA mAna hotA hai yA jaisA zaMkarAzarya kA kathana hai zAtA aura ya donoM paramArtha hama meM eka haiN| atIndriya jJAna meM jIva ke samakSa AtmA paramanirapekSA sattA ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai| dhapi pratyakSa aura parokSa donoM ke mUla meM aatmaa| jIva pramukha sattA hai kintu jainoM kI jIva sambandhI dhAraNA saMtoSpada nahIM hai| yahAM AmA zArIra indriya sImita eka jIvA ke pa meM hI mAnI gayI hai| yatA mAramA para zuddha saMghalemA sAnA sarvocca vetana ikAI nahIM mAnI gayIMhai jo zAnoM aura anubhavoM meM zuddha cetanA ke rapa meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatI hai / jho sArvabhauma ghetaya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| jIva ke sma meM AtmA, AmA kA vyavahArika pa hai jo ki zarIra indriya Adi bhautika upAyoM se zuvAta hotA hai| yaha jIpa atIndriya pAna kA arr nahIM ho sktaa| isa bIca phA pa AtmaprakAza, svaparAvabhAsakatva nahIM ho sktaa| yadi hama jIva ko pAstavika AtmA mAna liyA jAye to AtmAoM ke anekatva kI samasyA uTha khar3I hogii| Anubhavika dRSTi se yaha AtmA jIva hai kintu yaha vaiyavittaka AtmA 'nirapekSa jJAna kA AdhAra nahIM bana sakatI kyoMki yaya tI mita jIvAtmA hai| zuddha caitanya ke andara vijayI aura vijaya kA bheda nahIM hotA kyoMki usameM pArabhArthika rUpa se jAtA aura jJAna donoM eka ho jAte haiN| yaha nirapekSa AtmA sabhI jJAnoM meM zuddha cetanA ke rUma meM upasthita hotI hai vipI aura viSaya donoM e parama caitanya ke andara A jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prakarAcArya AnubhaSikA jagata aura sImita jIpa donoM ko vahArika rUpa se satya mAnate huye bhI antima rUpa meM satya nahIM mAnI tathA werfrka satya se amara eka pAramArmika satya kI

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___ 80 kalpanA karate haiM jo vyavahArikatAkA AdhAra hai isI ke kAraNa anubhava saMbhava hotA hai| zaMkara bhautika rendrika jagata kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karate kintu AtIndriya zAna kI samasyA kA samAdhAna Anubhavika tathyoM ke dvArA nahIM ho sakatA / jaina darzana bhI isa satya ko anubhava karatA hai jahA vaha kahatA hai ki pratyakSa jJAna kA lA bhI yaha mAna liyA jAye, jo indriyAdi bAya-sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai to usa sthiti meM sarvaratA kI siddhi sambhava hI nahIM hogii| zakarAcArya ke vyavahArika aura pAramArika dRSTi ke mUla meM nirbhara isa picAra ko ki sarvocca atIndriya jJAna AtmAbhimukha hotA hai vastu kI ora nahIM, kSa pa meM upasthita kiyA gayA ki kevalAna ko jo samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA kahA gayA hai vaha kevala hAranapa se kahA gayA hai kyoMki niSaNya naya se to kevalahAna AtmAbhimukha hotA hai, apane svastha maiM vimagna hotA hai bedAlana ma Atmar ke svaprakAzaka tapa kI anubhUti hai / bhAna ke pUrNa prakaTIkaraNa kI avasthA meM kevalajJAna indriyAdi se utpanna zAya-vastu kI apekSA nahIM hotii| isa kathana kA tAtparya hai ki anubhAjanya bAyajagata antima satya nahIM hai| jaya zAtA AtmA ko jAnatA hai to jAna Atmagata | Subjective hotA hai ise hama jainoM kA pratyadA zAna kaha sakate haiM aura jaba jJAtA vastu ko jAnatA hai to vaha jJAna vastugata hotA hai jise bama parokSa jJAna kaha sakate haiN| parokSa tAna tI satyatA vyavahAranaya para nirbhara hai jabaki pratyavAna kI satyatA nicarAnaya para nirbhara hai| ina donoM dRSTiyoM ko mAne binA donoM kAnoM meM koI sAmaMjasya sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bainAcAyoM kA kahanA hai ki jaba jJAna kA svataH prakaTIkaraNa pUrNa hotA hai taba use kisI bAya-vastu kI apekSA nahIM hotI taba pUrNajJAna kezalajhAna apane meM sabhI viSTi mAnoM ko samAveza kara letA hai| yadi hama isa samAdhAna ko mAnase se

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hanAra karate haiM to pratyakSa aura parokSa donoM kAnoM ko eka sAtha satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki pratyakSa jJAna kA vizleSNa pRcchanna rUpa se pratyayavAda kI ora se jAtA hai jo ki jainoM ko svIkAra nahIM aura pratyakSamAna ko nirapekSa jJAnabhAvanA mastAnavAdI darzana se saMgata nahIM hai /

Page #93
sandarbha evaM Tippa tatvArthasUtra, 1, 26. kezalamidiyAya asahAya taM sahAya vAganti / niyamatAra, / / . vahI, 159. tatvArthasUtra, I.14 parIkSAmukha, 1.12 pravacanasAra, 1.28 savAyasidi, 2.20 vahI, 2.15, 19 7. satyArthasUtra, 2.21, pR0 73-74. pramANamImAMsA, pU0 17 pahI, pU0 17. savArthasiddhi, 2.20-5, 2.19-120 nyAyAdayandra, pR0 115. tatvAtra, pR0 73 savArthasiddhi, 2.20-8, 9, 2-21-14,5. tatvAsUma, 2.0 pU0 73. tatvArthavArtika, 1, 2-20-25, 26-28. vahIM, 1-12-2-3

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umeft, 1.11 - 2015 Hatefria to 11 TUTTO 1.13 tet, 1.20 20. gaTMETATUIT, I. 1-20 rare , 1.15 21. Human knowledge, it's scope and limit. Durezand Russell. Allen annt Uhwin, London, 1963, p. 212. Ibid, p. 213. 14. 23. Ibid. p. 218. Ibia, p. 223. 25. Ibid. p. 223. 24. 26. EINSTEIN': conception of science p. 402. 27. Relativity tenches that the meaning of objectivity cannot be capture ? Whally in the external realm of Science, Finstein conception of perlity p. 252. Ibid. p. 252. 20. He notice the chango in the concept of objects What was formerly a property of things becomes now a propert of things and their systems of reference.

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The theory of Relativity and a priori knowledge, p. 97 p. 1 Hans Reichenpact, University of Californi, press, 1965. The Theory of Relativity and A prior knowledge, Hans Reichenbach, University of California praas, 1965, p. 97. 29. The theory said that the measured lengths and time.. Intervals Dos S4.93 no absolute validity. mut certain accidental elemento, the chosen system of reference and the fact that is moving body will show contradiction relative to system ** & vest. Ibid, p. 97. 30. That Replity, which is the foundation of all appearances, 18 obviously a many..imensional arrangement of order which domand more time tons then ramt the spogal of our perceptunl capacity ... (critical realiam and Relativity) Significance for our Plature of the world .. p. 603, A Lyscoanel. Ibid. p. 603. 31. What the human mind contributes to the problems of time 19 not one tnfinite time-order, but a plurality of possible time.order ## the red one 18 left to empirical observation. Time is the order of chualahaina; that is the outstanding result of Einstein's disaoveries. The Philosophical significance of Ralat lvity p. 306, hy Hans Reichenbact. Ibid. p. 306.

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jainanyAya khaNDakhAm, zloka 68. vahI,loka 53. savArthasiddhi, 2.16 pramANamImAMsA, 1.1-24, 34 tatvArthasUtra, 2.14 vahI, 20248 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 231. pramANamImAMsA, 1.1-25. -- --:0 -----

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Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx | ghiy'aa yaay', bhuum, ny' H shiis ** ******** * ***********

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paMcama - adhyAya naya aura pramANa pramANa aura naya ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| jo padArtha pramAga aura naya ke dvArA samyak rIti se nahIM jAnA jAtA, vaha yukta hote huye bhI ayukta kI taraha pratIta hotA hai / 2 pramANa aura naya ke svarUpa kA nizcaya hone para vastu kA nizcaya hotA hai / jo naya-dRSTi se mihIna haiM unheM vastu ke svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / jaina dArzanikoM ke uparyukta kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki vastu ke jJAna meM napa kA utanA hI mahatva hai jitanA pramANa kA | vastu kA jJAna naya aura pramANa donoM ke dvArA prApta honA cAhiye / naya jJAna kA kyA tAtparya hai' yadi pramANa ke dhArA satya jJAna prApta hotA hai to naya jJAna kA kyA aucitya hai' tathA naya kA pramAga se kyA bheda hai' athavA kyA saMbaMdha hai| ye sabhI prazna vicAraNI haiN| jaina dArzanika isa tathya para vicAra karate haiM ki sAmAnyataH manuSyoM ke vastu pratyakSIkaraNa meM bhinnatA dikhAyI par3atI hai| yahA~ taka ki virodhI pratyakSA bhI hote haiN| svAbhAvika prazna uThatA hai ki vastu eka hote huye bhI usameM 'virodhI dharmoM kI pratI ti kyoM hotI hai| eka tarapha to isakA tAtparya hai ki pasta meM paraspara virodhI dhamoM kA astitva saMbhava hai aura dUsarI tarapha vastu - pratyakSIkaraNa sirpha vastu-sApekSa hI nahIM pratIta hotA balki - utta pratyakSA meM jJAtA kI sthiti bhI prabhAvI hotI hai| jainAcArya vastu kI viruddha-dharmatA kA samarthana karate huye kahate haiM jisa vastu ko eka bhAga meM dekha usI ko anya bhAga meM nahIM dekhA - aisA spaSTa vyavahAra loka meM dekhA jAtA hai aura isa vyavahAra ke kAraNa bhAgabheda se eka hI vastu meM darzana aura adarzana ina do viruddha dharmoM kA samAveza svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura isa prakAra eka paratu meM visva evaM vibhinnasyatA bhI saMbhava hotI hai| deza, kAla aura puruSa ke apekSA-bheda se eka hI vastu meM viddhatA evaM vibhinna rUpatA atyanta

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00 yuktisaMgata hai 15 isase spaSTa hai ki vastu kA jJAna vastu kI viziSTa daizika kAlika sthiti jJAtA kI viziSTa sthiti aura zakti ke sApekSa pratIta hotA hai / ataH jJAna meM ina apekSAoM kA nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai / yahI kAraNa hai jaina darzana meM vastu kA jJAna cAra apekSAoM para nirbhara mAnA gayA hai dravya, kSetra, kAma aura bhAva / ina apekSA bhAva se prApta jJAna ko jaina-darzana meM "naya" kahA gayA hai| naya jJAtA dvArA eka viziSTa dRSTi se atadhaka vastu ke eka viziSTa dharma kA jJAna hai / " rasela kA vicAra: yahA para rasela ke kucha vicAroM kA ullekha Avazyaka hai / pAzcAtya darzana ke Adhunika yuga ke pramukha vicAraka rasela aura jaina darzana ke vicAroM meM kAphI antara hote hue bhI rasela Adhunika pAzcAtya jagata ke aise dArzanika hai jinake kucha vicAra jaina darzana ke kucha vicAroM se kAphI samAnatA rakhate haiM / rasela bhI isa prazna ko uThAte haiM ki yadyapi pratyeka mana pratyeka kSaNa isa mI jagata ko dekhatA hai kintu kinhIM bhI do manoM ko yaha eka samAna nahIM dikhAI detA / isa jagata meM eka mana jo pratyakSIkaraNa karatA hai usameM dUsare mana ke pratyakSIkaraNa se samAnatA nahIM hotI / anya zabdoM meM, pratyeka mana kA pratyakSIkaraNa kA apanA nijI jagata hotA hai jo dUsare manoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa se bhinna hotA hai kintu phira bhI usakA apanA astitva hotA hai / isa dRSTi se jagata ke anaMta pakSa hogeM jo kisI mana dvArA pratyakSIkRta nahIM kiye gaye kintu phira bhI usakA astitva hai kyoMki ve mana dvArA pratyakSIkaraNa kA viSaya banAye jA sakate haiM 18 isa jagata ke eka viziSTa mana dvArA pratyakSIkaraNa ko ratena dRSTikoNa Perspective | kahate haiM, tathA eka mana dvArA pratyakSIkRta jagata ko Private Hored 1 ise hI jaina dArzanika "naya" kahate haiM / rasela isa private World

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ko "pratyakSIkRta dRSTikoNa" | Perceived Perspective | kahate haiM / pratyakSIkRta aura apratyakSIkRta anaMta pakSoM vAle isa jagata ko rasela system of Perspechnic kahate haiM / " pratyakSIkaraNa kara rahe haiM vaha vastu kA eka pakSa pratyeka pakSa vAstavika hai / jainoM kA naya isa samaya hama jisa vastu kA hai jo pakSoM ke samUha kA eka aMga haiN| se yahI tAtparya hai jo rasela kA Perspective se hai / kintu rasela kA bhautika vastujagata viSayaka vicAra anizcita aura aspaSTa pratIta hotA hai vahIM jaina darzana meM bhautika jagata ke vAstavika astitva ke viSaya meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / rasela kA kathana hai ki vastu ke sabhI pakSa vAstavika hai kintu vastu vibhinna indriya pradattoM dvArA nirmita mAtra tArkika saMracanA hai jo vibhinna dRSTikoNoM | Perspective I meM prastuta hotA hai / isakA to tAtparya hogA vastu jagata AtmaniSTha athavA kalpanAtmaka honA / kintu rasela ise svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate aura kahate haiM ki bhautika jagata kA yapi apanA koI svataMtra nahIM hai kintu unake astitva ke vilaya meM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA 110 kintu jaina darzana maiM "nava" jJAna kI jo vastu ke eka pakSa kA jJAna hai vAstavika mAnA hai vahIM anaMtadharmAtmaka vastu kA bhI vAstavika astitva mAnA hai jo pramANa jJAna kA viSaya hai / 3 naya aura pramANa kA saMbaMdha : aba eka prazna uDatA hai ki jaina dArzanika vastu kA jJAna naya aura pramANa donoM ke dvArA mAnate haiM, to naya aura pramANa jJAna meM kyA saMbaMdha hai jaina dArzanika BF face para paryApta vicAra karate haiM * ## 121 pramANa se jAnI huI vastu ke dravya athavA pathAya meM vastu ke nizcaya karane ko "naya" kahate haiM / // pramANa se grahaNa kiye gaye padArtha ke eka deza meM vastu kA nizcaya karane vAle

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. .90 131 zAna ko "naya" kahate haiM 112 vidhi pratibaMdhAtmaka padArtha pramANa kA 'viSya hai| tathA pramAga ke viSaya meM se kisI eka dharma ko mukhya aura dUsare ko gauNa karake mukhya dharma ke niyamana meM jo hetu ke vakSa naya hai / bhaya pramANa ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke eka aMza rUpa meM jJAna meM mAtA kI viziSTa mAnasika pravRtti ko kahate haiN| naya meM vastu ke zeSa aMzoM kA niya nahIM kiyA jAtA unakI upekSA usa samaya kara dI jAtI hai / pramANa pUrNa pas ko gahaNa karake sabhI pramoM ke samudhyaya sma vastu ko jAnatA hai aura pramANa dvArA gRhIta padArtha ke eka dezA meM nizcaya karAne vAle bhAna ko naya kahate haiM 14 naya dhAbhida se paratu ko grahaNa karatA hai kintu pantu eka dharmasya hI nahIM hai, usameM to anekoM of haiM isalie sabhI naya sApekSa avasthA meM hI satya hote haiN| AcArya kA dhana hai ki aneka svabhAvoM se, paripUrNa vastu ko pramANa ke dvArA grahaNa karake tatpazcAt ekAntavAda kA nAma karane ke lie mayoM kI yojanA karanI cAhiye / / jIvA di jJAta tatvoM kA jJAna do prakAra se hotA hai - eka devA se aura saMdizA se / pramANa ke sArA sadiza se mAna TotA hai aura nayoM ke dvArA eka deza se jJAna 16 samyak prakAra ke artha 'nirNaya karane ko pramANa kahate haiM 117 pramANa sadaniya spa hotA hai| naya vAkyoM meM syAt lagAkara bolane ko pramANa kahate haiN| 151 171 uparyukta matoM se eka sAmAnya nikAya nikalatA hai ki pramANa pUrNa vastu kA kAna hai aura usI vastu ke eka aMza kA jJAna naya hai / lekina yadi aisA hai to naya ko pramANa meM zAmila kara lenA cAhiye ; maya ko alaga se ullekha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai|

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jainAcArya isa bAta ko nahIM mAnate kyoMki unakA kathana hai ki naya pramANa kA aMza to hai kintu aMdhA hone se svayaM pramANa nahIM ho jAtA / akalaMka deva ke mata meM vastu kA eka deza na to vastu hai aura na avastu / jaise samudra ke aMdhA ko na to samudra kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asamudra kahA jAtA hai| yadi samudra kA eka aMza samudra hai to zeSa aMza asamuda ho jAyegA aura yadi samudra kA pratyeka aMza samudra hai to bahuta se samudra ho jAyegeM / aisI sthiti meM samudra kA bAna kahA~ ho sakatA hai|18 isI prakAra mAillala kahate haiM ki naya pramANa se bhinna haiM kyoMki ko samudra kA aMza na to samudra hI hai aura na asamudra hI vaise hI natha na to pramANa hai na apramANa hI 119 mallisena kahate haiM naya se sampUrNa vastu kA nahIM kintu vastu ke eka deza kA jJAna hotA hai| isalie jisa prakAra samudra kI eka bUMda ko sampUrNa samudra nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoM ki yadi samudra kI eka bUMda ko samudra kahA jAye to bhala samudra ke pAnI ko asamudra karanA cAhiye / athavA samudra ke pAnI kI anya doM ko bhI samudra na kahakara bahuta se samudra mAnane cAhie / samudra kI eka bUMda ko asamudra bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA | yadi aisA kahA jAye to zeSa uza ko samudra nahIM kahA jA sakatA, usI prakAra vastu ke eka aMza ke jJAna ko pramANa athavA apamANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isalie naya ko pramAga aura apramANa donoM se alaga mAnanA cAhiye 120 akalaMka isa niSkarSa para pahuMcAte haiM ki naya na to pramANa hai aura na apramANa 'kintu jJAnAtmaka hai ata: pramANa kA eka deza hai isameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM isa AMkA ke uttara meM ki maya pramANa aura apramANa donoM hI na ho, aisA

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__.. 92. kaise ho sakatA hai' akalaMka deva kahate haiM ki pramANatA aura apramAgatA ke atirikA bhI eka tIsarI sthiti hai "pramANaikadezAlA' arthAt pramANa kA ekadezapanA pramANa hI hai, kyoMki vaha pramANa se sarvathA abhinna nahIM hai tathA na apramANa hI hai kyoMki, pramANa kA ephadeza pramANa se sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM hai / 21 tata: naya ko pramANa aura apramANa donoM kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki napa pramANa kA aMza nahIM varan jJAna ke pramANa kI koTi meM Ane ke pUrva eka vizvAta yA prArambhika prAkkalpanA kI sthiti hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA naya vika upayukta vicAra tArmika dRSTi se bar3A aspaSTa aura virodhI hai| udAharaNArtha - 1. vastu sA hai| 2. syAt pAtu sAta hai| yadi hama syAdavAdamaparIkAra ke dhana ko mAna leM ki naya pAkyoM meM syAt lagA dene se yA pramANa bana jAtA hai to isakA tAtparya hogA prathama vAkya naya haiM aura tiIya vAkya pramANa hai kintu aisA tAki dRSTi se kaise saMbhava hai kyoMki donoM kathanoM dvArA vyakta abhimAya to eka hI hai kevala tyAta zabda kA prayoga napa aura pramANa ke bIca bheda kA ucita AdhAra nahIM hai| isI prakAra, 114 x has many properties such as a, b, c, d, m...mtc. yaha pramANa bhAna hai kyoMki yaha vastu x meM anekoM guNoM ko svIkAra kara rahA hai kintu nimnalikhita vAkya naya haiM kyoMki ve eka vasta x meM eka vizeSa guNa svIkAra pA asvIkAra kara rahe haiM - $26 Syat * has the property a. 134 Syat x has the property b.

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.. 93 04. Syat X does not have the property a. 51 Syat x does not have the property b. yadi vastuoM meM eka guNa hai to dvitIya naya vAkya syAt vastu x meM b guNa hai yaha kathana Azika hote huye bhI tAki dRSTi se satya hai / kintu yadi vastu maiM b guNa nahIM hai to cauthA naya bAya syAt dhastu maiM b guNa nahIM hai tArkika dRSTi se satya hogA jabaki pratyeka nayAmaka kapala ko ziziSTa dRSTikoNa se kyoM ki satya mAnA jAtA hai lie upayutta tAki dRSTi se asatya kathana ko satya mAnA jaayegaa| tI pukAra, naya vAkya ke kucha aura udAharaNa dekheM - 068 x ham the property a. 174 Syat x has the property a. tol * doas not have the property . 19 Syat xdoms not have the property b. spasTa hai ki pramANa vAvadha || ke satya hone para tAkika rUpa se dUsare aura paudhe vAkya satya hoge kintu jaina dRSTi se yaha kathana durnaya mAne jAyegeM kyoMki inake pahale syAt zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaba eka vastu x meM ti sma se eka guNa hai to isa kathana meM ki syAt x maiM 4 guNa hai isa naya vAkya ke satya hote hue bhI isakI sArthakatA kyA hai: zAnamImAtA maiM alaga se isake ullekha kI payA AvazyakatA hai' tathA jaba vastu x meM a. b.c, dte Adi guNa haiM jo syAt 4 meM hai guNa nahIM hai, cAhe ekAntavAdI dRSTi se hI kyoM na satya mAnA jAye tAki dRSTi se satya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|

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jaina dArzani: jo samudra kI upamA ke dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki jisa taraha samudra kI eka baida athavA aMza ko samada nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai| hama cAvala kA udAharaNa le| cAvala mAhe bAre meM bharakara rakhA ho yA eka choTe bartana meM ho cAvala hI khlaayegaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki pramANa aura naya ke bIca sambandha ke 'viSya meM jaina dArzanikoM ke vicAra tArkika dRSTi se ucita nahIM haiM aura isalie zAnamImAMtIya 'siddhAta ke rUpa meM yaha ThIka nahIM haiN| kSAnamImAtA meM napa aura pramANa ko tArkika AdhAra para pratifi.orr karane kI AvazayakatA hai| uparyukta naya viSayaka chaina vyAkhyAoM se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki naya dvArA jaina dArzanika jo kahanA cAhate haiM usakA Azaya hai - sAtArA pastu kA eka 'vizeSa duSTikoNa se pratyakSIkaraNa | dUsare zabdoM meM, vastu ke viSaya meM yA sattA ke 'viSya meM, vyakti kI apanI mAnyatA ho sakatI hai, apane vizvAsa ho sakate hai jo usake viziSTa dRSTikoNa aura pratyakSIkaraNa kI viziSTa sthitiyoM ke paricAyaka haiN| ataH spaTa hai ki jaina darzana ke mana meM naya vyakti kA sastA 'viSayaka vizi- vizvAsa I belop | hai 122 sAtha hI, jaina darzana isa saMbhAvanA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai ki nayArA sampUrNa vastu kA jJAna nahIM milatA athAt vastu jo napa :rAjAnI gayI usake atirikta bhI ho sakatI hai| phira jaiga dArzanika isa pAta ko mAnate haiM ki naya athAt dhyApitta kA yatigata mata yA parAmarza usa vyakti ke lie satya ho sakatA kintu Avazyaka nahIM jipa dUsare sthati ke lie reTT sArvabhaumika sya se bhI satya ho / 25 vaha dUsare vyakti ke 'lie asatya ho sakatA hai| Adhunika pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI bhASA meM kucha esident. Proporrhen asAtha : fals bhI ho sakate 24 bAta naya pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / pAzcAtya darzana meM jo antara belion aura Knowledge meM hai vahI antara jaina darzana meM maya aura pramANa meM hai|

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55 eka vyakti jo ekadama rozanI se aMdhera kamare meM AtA hai tathA a~dhere meM par3I huI eka rattI ko dekhakara use tApasa letA hai / kintu eka dUsarA vyaki jo pahale se hI a~dhere kamare meM hai, adhere kA abhyasta ho gayA hai, rassI ko rassI ke rUpa meM hI dekhatA hai / aba naya viSayaka jaina vivAroM ko dekheM ki pratyeka naya apane dRSTikoNa se satya hai to spaSTa hogA ki pahale vyakti kA jJAna usake dRSTikoNa se satya hai aura dUsare vyakti kA jJAna usake dRSTikoNa se satya hai / kintu hama jAnate haiM ki pahale vyakti kA jJAna bhrama hai aura dUsare vyakti kA jJAna satya hai / aisA hama kisa AdhAra para kahate hai kahane kA tAtparya hai ki donoM vyaktiyoM kA jJAna unake dRSTikoNoM se satya hone para bhI pramANa nahIM hai / pramANa kevala dUsare vyakti kA jJAna hai kyoMki vaha satyApita ho cukA hai / inakA abhiprAya ki isakA tAtparya hai ki kucha vAkya | Preposihon | jo kisI vyakti ke lie are ft Gurdout hoM ve asatya / 1 False / bhI ho sakate haiM 25 kucha kathana jJAtA ke binA jAne satya bhI ho sakate hai| kisI jJAtA ke lie satya kathana niyA kA satyatA aura asatyatA se tArkika duSi se koI anivArya saMbaMdha nahIM hai / yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jJAtA ke dRSTikoNa se satya siddha | Erdent | kathana tArkika dRSTi se bhI satya hauM / yaha apramANita va asatyApita jJAna hai / itakA tAtparya huA ki vastu vyakti ke apane vyaktigata dRSTikoNa jJAna se pare bhI kucha ho sakatI hai jo ki pramANa kA viSaya hai / pramANa anivArya meM satyApita jJAna hotA hai aura naya asatyApita 1 hamArA najJAna vyaktigata mata, vishvaas| jaba satyApita hotA hai taba pramANa kI koTi maiM AtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha hI kAraNa hai jisase kucha jaina crafte naya ko na to pramANa kI aura na hI apramANa kI koTi meM rakhanA cAhate 12

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yahA naya, dhAna aura pramANa zabdoM ke prayoga meM gs farda haiN| jaina dArzanika jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| yahAzAna zabda ke prayoga meM ma utpanna ho gayA hai| jaba jJAna ko vaha jo satyApita ho cukA hai isa artha meM lete haiM to jJAna ko isa artha meM pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ jJAna aura pramANa ekArthaka haiN| kintu mAna to satya bhI hotA hai, mithyA bhii| bhAna zabda se hamArA abhiprAya vagA samajhA pAyegA' pramANa bhASada ke prayoga kA yaha hI kAraNa thA / jJAna meM satyatA aura asatyatA donoM kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai kintu pramANa satya zAna hotA hai| kAna utpanna hote hI usakI satyA kA nidhacaya bhI nahIM ho jAtA anyathA bhrama saMbhava na ho| ata: pratyeka naya dRSTi meM satyatA kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai, ata: ciniSTa dRSTikoNa se naya satya hai| kinta nayoM kI yaha satyatA satyatA kI zAnamImAsIya gAraMTI nahIM ho sktii| kisI bhI naya vizvAsa ko binA pramANita kie satya kahanA mAnamImAtIya dRSTi se mahatvahIna hai| isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA tAki logoM ko bhrama aura miyA vicArA hote haiM 126 se yaha viSayAta ki sUrNa pRthvI ke cAroM ora pU gA pRthvI rApaTI hai Adi / jasase saMbaMdhita Adhunika dArzanikoM ne prazna uThAyA hai ki bhautika zAstra yA anya zAstroM se saMbaMdhita vizvAsoM meM bhrama utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai lekina unakA kahanA hai ki taka ke niyamA anivArya hote hai, ata: mithyA nahIM ho sakate / isalie taka ke niyamoM meM vizvAsa meM koI bhI nahIM ho sakatA / yahA isake uttara meM kahA gayA ki gaNita ke niyama bhI to tarkazAstrI bhAti anivArya haiM kintu isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki hameM asatya gaNitIya bhivAsa nahIM hote| tAtparya hai ki tArkika niyama anivArya satya ho sakate haiM 'kintu isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki zAstra meM bhidhyA frare nahIM hote 127

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97 ataH spaSTa hai ki vizvAsa cAhe bhautika kSetra se saMbaMdhita hoM athavA zuddha vaicArika kSetra se vizvAsoM ke asatya hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai isalie vizvAsoM ko sthApita kiye binA jJAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA 128 gAnanai 1 ithheld se kitI kathana para vizvAsa karanA usa para avizvAsa karane yA usako na adhika ucita hai jaba taka ki usake vijaya meM koI tarkayukta 'pramANa na ho 29 / yahA~ para bhI satyApana kA prazna upasthita ho jAtA hai / naya aura pramANa ke mUla meM yahI satyApana kA prazna hI hai / pramANajJAna satyApita nayavivacAtA hai / saMdeha na ho yA usake pada jJAnamAtA ke Adhunikatama rUpa kA pratinidhitva karane vAle chfoem kI bhASA meM isa samasyA ko isa prakAra rkheNge| koI bhI kathana jisa para koI vyakti vizvAsa karatA hai usake lie svIkRti yogya | Acceptable hogeM / naya viziSTa vyakti ke lie svIkRtiyogya : Acceptable hai kintu ye vIkRtiyogya | Acceptable kathana kyA jJAnamIgAsIya dRSTi se tArkika sadaiva ke pare bhI hoge tArkika saMdeha se pare / Beyond Reasonable Doulot pada kA svIkRtiyogya Acceptable | para se adhika jJAnamImAzIya mahatva hai 130 2 udAharaNa ke lie, yaha kahanA ki maMgala-gRha meM jIvana hai, yaha kathana eka prAkkalpanA, eka vizvAsa ke rUpa meM svIkRtiyogya | Acceptalole ho sakatA hai kintu jJAnamImAsIya dRSTi se ise jJAna kI koTi meM taba taka nahIM rakhA jA sakatA jaba taka ki ise tArkika dRSTi se pramANita na kara diyA jAye / maMgala graha para jIvana hai aura maMgalagraha meM jIvana nahIM hai yaha donoM hI kathana svIkRtiyogya eplace haiM kyoMki donoM ke pakSa yA vipakSa meM koI pramANa nahIM diyA jA sakA hai| jaina dRSTi meM ye apekSA bheda se satya hai hI /

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.. 98 "maMgala graha para jIvana hai" yaha svIkRtiyogya IAcceptedake karana Avazyaka nahIM hai ki tArkika saMdeza ke pare | Beyond Reserable Deulaks bhI hoN| yapi aisA ho bhI sakatA hai kintu Avazyaka nahIM hai ki aisA ho hii| ata: yathApi isa kathana ko mAnanA yA na mAnanA kothhekai karanA ina para vizvAsa karane kI apekSA adhika tArkika nahIM hai kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI matya hai ki inako svIkAra kara lenA bhI inako na mAnane bahnstd1 se adhika tArkika nahIM hai| ataH koI bhI kadhana mAtra svIkRttiyogya Acceplalele | Tone se pramANa nahIM ho sakate / aba una kacanoM kI sthiti kyA hogI jo svItiyogya / aura tArkika saideha se pare IBarend. Reserade Doubt | donoM haiM kyoMki kucha kaTAna aise haiM jo svIkRtiyogya IAcceptable haiM aura tAjika saMdeDa ke pare bhI hai to bhI kyA aise kayanoM ko nizcita jJAna kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke liye, maMgalagaha para jIvana hai yaha kathana svIkRtiyogya Acceptable bhI haiM aura tArkika sadaiva se pare | Beyerd- Reasonabu Denis | bhI kintu yaha nizcita mAna nahIM hai| jaisA ki abhI apara spasTa ho cukA hai basa kathana para vizvAsa karanA isa kathana ko na mAnane | Chhed se adhika ucita hai kyoMki kadhana hamAre jAne binA bhI satya ho sakate haiM 'kintu bAnagImAtA kI dRSTi se ise pUrNatayA nizcita | Alossuntally cerauul kahanA isake viSaya meM paryApta se adhika kathana hai / / sa bAta ko eka aura udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba taka candramA para manuSya nahIM pahuMcA thA taba taka yaha kathana ki "candramA para jIvana hai aura isakA virodhI kAmana "candramA para jIvana nahIM hai prAkkalAnAoM ke vya meM saMbhAvya satya Adhunika darzana kI bhASA meM svIkRtiyogya I Acceptable ft W or f ile or Beyond Reasonable Doubt i

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bhI the| kintu donoM hI kapna pUrNatayA nizcita nahIM | AbsGulbuy certain! the kyoMki pramANita nahIM the| candramA para manuSya ke pahuMcane ke bAda "dhandramA para jIyana nahIM hai" yaha kathana pramANita ho gayA isazira nizcita jJAna emANa kI koTi meM A gyaa| yadi virodhI kathana 'candragA para jIvana nahIM hai pramANita ho jAtA to vaha pramAga kI koTi meM A jAtA | aise kathanoM kI vAstavika sthiti vyakta karane ke liye jo svIkRtiyogya I acceplace va tArkika saMdeha se pare | Berard Rameraldo Aaucts haiM kinta pUrNatayA nizcita I AHasolutely contains nahIM haiM, vAstavika sthiti vyakta karane ke lie crasheeun siddha | Esident : zabda kA prayoga karate haiM, kyoMki kucha kAna aise haiM jo siddha | Esrclear hote hue bhI asatya hoN| ve eka udAharaNa se isa bAta ko spaSTa karane kI peSTA karate haiM 132 "paha dekhatA hai ki chata para eka billI baiThI hai" kyA isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai kita para pAstava meM eka billI baiThI hai| isa kathana kI vyAkhyA do adhoM meM kI jA sakatI hai - eka to aisA ho sakatA hai ki chata para vAstava meM bilalI ho ora dUsare, jaba vaha dekhatA hai ki vahA~ eka billI hai to ho sakatA hai use zA bhI ho rahA ho, vAstava meM pahA koI billI na ho| samasyA yaha uThatI hai ki usa vyakti ke jJAna ko jo satya hai kisa prakAra usa vyakti ke jJAna se bheda kareMge jo bhrama meM hai| yahA~ chashelm ne Herbet Hejde ldkex ges 33 ko adata kiyA hai| eka manuSya vizvAsa kara rahA hai ki vaha kisI vastu ko pIle raMga kI dekha rahA hai aura isalie yaha mana ki yaha vastu pIle raMga kI hai usa vyakti ke lie tArkika hai| kintu hama kalpanA kareM ki mAna lIjie nimna tathya usa vyakti ko bAta hai ki usa pastu para eka pIlA prakAza dhamaka rahA hai| vaha smaraNa karatA hai ki eka kSaNa pUrva jaba usane pratyakSIkaraNa kiyA thA vaha vastu sapada thI aura usa samaya vastu kA koI raMgIna pukAyA nahIM bama rahA

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* 100 thaa| mAlapanA kIjira ki dhana pramANoM ke hone para bhI vaha vizvAsa karatA hai fir vastu pIle raMga kI hai yadhapi aba yaha kAlamA tatya nahIM hai ki vastu pIle raMga kI hai| kevala isa tathya se ki eka manuSya vizvAsa karatA hai ki yaha eka vastu meM guNa x hai, pratyakSA karatA hai isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikalatA ki yaha kathana tArkika bhI hai kyoMki anya pramANa ho sakate haiM jaisA ki uparyukta vivedhana se spaSTa huA hai, jinheM usa viziSTa kathana ke sAtha jor3e jAne para ye usa kathana ko atArkika banA sakate haiM 134 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sabhI siddha | Evekanak | kathana satya hoM tA Avazyaka nahIM hai kyoMki kucha siTa / Eidour kapna asatya bhI hote haiM ki Sundant kathana satya aura asatya donoM ho pAte haiM isalie unheM jJAna kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA, kyoMki jJAna pramANita hotA hai| aise kathanoM ko kevalAsiddha satya vizvAsa | Cordour TraiBelop | kahA jA sakatA hai| satya vizvAsa ITava Betaap ke aise udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM jo jJAna nahIM haiM 135 udAharaNa ke lie eka vyakti mAna letA hai ki maidAna meM eka mer3a hai aura isa prakAra yaha kathana usake lie siddha / Coconut | hai ki maidAna meM ma hai| aba mAna lIjie ki bhUla se usa vyakti ne eka kutte ko bhe mAna liyA hai aura isalie vaha jo bher3a dekha rahA hai, pAratava meM bheda nahIM hai| kintu aisA bhI saMbhava hai ki usa vyayita ke jAne binA hI maidAna ke eka dUsare bhAga meM me hai| isalie yaha kathana ki maidAna meM eka bher3a hai satya True | bhI hai aura sima Euktak bhI hai tathA usa vyApita ke lie svIkRtiyogya | Acceptalok | bhI hai kinta pAristhitiyAM yaha svIkAra nahIM karatI ki usa vyakti ko jJAna hai ki maidAna meM isakA tAtparya hai ki koI bhI satya vizvAsa I True Bene | aba kisI asatya vAkya | False Pospos-hin | ko siddha / Eurcourya

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44VL banAye taba bAna knous tadge hogaa| adhAta jaba taka satyavizvAsa I Tme Bellip pU rNapa se pramANita narity na kiyA jA sake jJAna | Knowledge I nahIM kahA jA sakatA 16 anta meM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA Dai ki vizvAsa Belap | aura zAna I knowledge I meM satyApana ke dRSTikoNa se antara hai| pramANita confirmed gitt pustified Belief i gatos hai / jJAna zura meM naya vizvAsa ke rUpa meM hI hotA hai kyoMki koI bhI mAna utpanna hote hI pramANa nahIM ho pAtA kintu yaha naya pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaba taka ki satyApita na ho jAye / jaina darzana kA maulika tatva sApekSatA kA siddhAnta hai / vyavahAravAdI aura sApekSatAvAdI jaina dArzanika vastu-zAna, pAda, artha aura vyavahAra pratyeka stara para apekSAnoM, AdezoM aura dRSTiyoM ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate haiN| syAdavAda, anekAntavAda, nayabAda aura nikSepavAda isI zrRMkhalA kI kAhiyA hai| jainadAzanikoM ne nikSepatatva ko bhI nayoM kI taraha vikasita kiyA hai| __ nipavAda bhASA' kA lAbha hai| naya aneka ravabhAvavAlI vastu kI zAtA ke abhiprAya ke anusAra pratIti hai| naya mAtA ke abhimAya se eka dharma kI mukhagatA se pastu ko grahaNa karatA hai / irA nayAtmaka dhAna kI bhASAI abhivyakti hI nima yojanA hai| nikSama yojanA nagAramA jAna kI bhASAI abhivyakti meM sApekSatA kIzotaka hai| usI sApekSatA kI jo jo jainadarzana ke samasta sidvAnoM meM vyApta hai| nikSepavAda nathavAda kI anivArya pariNati hai| vastutaH prayoga meM vibhinna zabda vyavahAroM ke kAraNa jo virodhI artha upasthita hote haiM una virodhI artha ko samajhate huye apane abhITa ardha ko upasthita karanA hI nikSepa-yojanA kA AdhAra hai /

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yahA~ yaha dikhAne kA spaSTa prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki aikAntika Agraha athavA vizvAsa jJAna ke stara para bhI ho sakatA hai aura usakI abhivyakti ke stara para bhI usI prakAra ho sakatA hai| abhivyakti kA saMbaMdha zabda se hai ataH jainatA kiMkoM ne batAne kA prayAsa kiyA ki zabdoM ke ucita artha ko athavA vaktA ke abhISTa artha ko na samajhanA bhiyAtva athavA aikAntika Agraha kA kAraNa hai / isI midhAtva ke nirAkaraNa kA kArya jo ki zabda prayoga se sambandhita hai nirdoSa yojanA kA AdhAra hai / nikSepa kA artha hai artha nirUpaNa paddhati / jaina dArzanikoM ne zabdoM ke prayogoM ko cAra prakAra ke athoM meM bA~TA hai| nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva 137 pratyeka zabda kA eka vyutpattimUlaka a hotA hai kintu kucha zabdoM kA prayoga isa vyutpattimUlaka artha meM na karake nAma arataye kiyA jAtA hai / yaha nAma nikSepa hai / udAharaNa ke liye indra zabda kA prayoga vyutpattimUlaka artha meM nahIM kintu nAmamAtra kA nirdeza karane ke liye huA hai / isI prakAra jaba indra kI mUrti ko indra kahA jAtA hai to yaha zabda prayoga kA abhiprAya hai ki vaha mUrti indra kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, yaha sthApanA nikSepa hai / isI prakAra dravya nikSepa kA viSaya dravya hai arthAt jahA~ "kisI dravya ke parivartanazIla bhaviSya, bhUta aura vartamAna pacAyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate huye jo avartta zabda prayoga karate haiM vaha dravya nikSeSa hai / isI prakAra kisI zabda kA usake vyutpatti siddha artha meM prayoga karanA bhAva nideza hai 38 ataH spaSTa hai ki nirdoSa yojanA ke pIche bhI jaina dArzanikoM kA anekAMtavAdI dRSTikoNa hI hai / vastu aura bhASA meM anivArya saMbaMdha hai / jainamata meM aneka

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mAtmaka vastu kA eka samaya meM eka hI guNa kA mAna ho sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne nayoM ke kaI prakAra mAne | bhASA meM isa sApekSa zAna kI abhivyApita pA nikSepoM kA udadezya hai / zabda ke dvArA jaba kisI vastu kA Ana nahIM hotA taba taka jJAna kA nayArmaka svarupa prakaTa nahIM hotaa| indriyoM se yadi ghaTa jJAna ho to taravArthabhASyakAra ke anusAra vaha nayajJAna nahIM hai| ghaTa pAhane para jaba jJAna hotA hai tabhI yaha zutajJAna hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pantu kA jJAna pramANa aura naga telatA hai / mAtra itanA hI jaina dArzanikoM ke liye paryApta nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika vastu ke ma samyaka zAna ke liye pramANa aura naya ke sAtha hI nikSama kA bhI ullekha karate haiM nayacakra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo padArtha pramANa naya aura nima ke rAsammaka rIti se nahIM jAnA jAtA pAra padArthayukta hote huye bhI mayukta kI taraha pratIta hotA hai aura ayukta hote huye yukta kI taraha pratIta hotA hai| isake binA yathArtha vastu kI pratIti nahIM hotI 139 kintu prazna uchatA hai ki pramANa aura naya se vastu meM mAna ke bAda nikSepa kA aucitya kyA hai' isa prazna para mAillaghAyala kA kahanA hai ki maya aura pramANa se gRhIta vastu meM nideSa yojanA hotI hai jisakA uddezya hai apakRta kA nirAkaraNa aura prakRta kA nirUpaNa 140 Age ve kahate haiM ki vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai, pastu kA eka aMza naya kA 'vipa hai aura jo anaya aura pramANa meM niNIta hotA hai vaSTa nikSama kA viSaya zAda ke dvArA jaba taka kisI paratu kA jJAna na hoM taba taka jJAna kA nayAtmaka svarupa prakaTa nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jo cAra artha naya kahe jote haiM - maibhama napa, saMgraha naya, dhyapahAra-naya aura ajupUtra maya pe zabda para Azrita haiM

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vAkI tIna naya to mukhya rUpa se zabda para hI Azrita haiM, isalie unake zabdAtmaka hone meM koI kA nahIM hai 142 koI bhI nama ho zabda athavA arthamaya, zabda sunane ke anantara apekSA se utpanna honA nayAtmaka hone ke lie Avazyaka hai| jahA nayAAna hai pahA aparihArya apekSA kA honA Avazyaka hai / mAmAghama naya aETRA zabda bodha ke rUpa meM hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke mA meM artha vAdhya aura bAdoM meM vAyaka rUpa eka svAbhAvika yogyatA mAnI gayI hai| isa yogyatA ke kAraNa hI dhAda satya artha kA zAna karAte haiN| sa prakAra bAda meM padArtha kA bodha karAne kI bhAbata mAvata: vidhamAna hai, kintu za kI arthazodhaka zAniyA nahIM hai| balki pratyeka zabda meM vizva ke samasta padAdhoM kA bodha karAne kI prApiA hai kintu yaha zAmila hone para bhI mAnava samAja dvArA nirdhArita saketa praNAlI ke anuSya hI zAda apane pAdhya kA pratipAdaka hotA hai| yadi aisA na ho to zada ke prayoga kA udadezya hI naSTa ho jaayegaa| ata: hai ki nayavAna apekSAtmakAna hai aura jJAnasvarUpa naya apekSAmaka zabdabodha ke rUpa meM hotA hai| nikSepa-yojanA jainoM kI nayoM kI taraha hI maulika yojanA hai| Agamayuga meM anuyoga are meM nikSepa ko naya ke ATM svataMtra sthAna milA jabaki pramANa ko nahIM fHIT nyAya-yuga meM bhI prAyaH sabhI tArmikoM ne taya nirUpaNa meM pramANa aura naya ke sAtha hI niveza kA bhI vicAra kiyA | umAsvAtikA kathana hai ki nAma artda niSoM me-basta jIva Adi tatvoM kA adhigama pramANa aura naya se karanA pAhie 144 ata: spaTa hai ki bhASA aura darzanamejo eka gaharA saMbaMdha hai, ise jainadA - nikoM ne sAkSi-bhAvavAdiyoM se bahuta pUrva samaya liyA thaa| jaisA ghiragensTAina kahate haiM ki paramparAgata darzanameM jo gfarptayA prayoga meM lAI jAtI haiM, ve bhASA kI dRSTi se aspaSTa hotI haiM 145 usI taraha jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ki

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pratyeka zabda kA eka vyutpattisiddha artha hotA hai kintu vyavahAra meM sadaiva isa artha kA prayoga nahIM hotA / phalataH bhinna-bhinna zabda vyavahAroM ke kAraNa virodhI artha upasthita hote haiM / yaha nideza kA uddezya una sabhI arthoM ko samajhanA aura abhipreta artha kA chAna karAnA hai / jaisA ki viTegansTAina kahate haiM ki yadi hama kisI pratijJapti # proposhon 1 ko samajha leM to yaha kisa sthiti ko prakaTa karatI hai / bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai 146 ataH isa viSaya meM jainadArzanikoM aura tArkika bhAvavAdiyoM meM samAnatA hai ki donoM bhASA aura jJAna meM ghaniSTha saMbaMdha mAnate haiM 147 sAmAnya bhASA ko truTiyukta pAte haiM tathA svIkAra karate haiM ki spaSTa bhASA hI tatva-nilpaNa kara sakatI hai / -----: 0:

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sandarbha aura TippaNI tatAnA, 1.16 nayA, mAitalAla, saM00 kailAzacandra pAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha pukAmAna, gAthA 163. paTTI, gAdhA 179. vahI, gAdhA 18. ananyAyamaNDakhAdha, praloka 53. yasya tu ardhasyAcyAvasAyAnArANi zatAni / yatA na vipatipattho dRSyasyAdhyavasAyasthAnAnArANi etAni / / sapAsUtra, 1.35 anansapAyAtmakasya vastunA nyAmapayAyAdhigame / karatadhye jApyuphtyopakSI nidhamayogo namaH / / bAbAyapAi, jayAlA TIkA, 81. The three dimensional world seen by one mint therefore contains no place in common with that seem by another for places can only be constitute1 hy the things in or around them. Mance we may suppose, inspite of the differences between the different worlds, that each exists entirely exactly as it perceived, ant might be exactly as 19 evn 1EUR it were not perceived. We may further suppose that there are an infinite number of such worlds which are infact unperceived..... On our knowledge of the matemal world, p. 94. .......... I shall contine the expression Private world, to such views of universe which are actually perceived. Thus a private world is a perceived "perspective" but then may be any number of unperceived perspectives.............

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10. 115 12. 13. 140 ' 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Thus an aspect of a 'thing' is a member of the system of aspects which is the 'thing' at that moment All the aspect of a thing are real, where as the ehid pale thing is a merely logical construction. pramANena paricchinnasya vastunaH dravye pAye vA vastyayavasAya naya iti yAvat / - ghaTakhaDAgama anuyogadvArasUtra pramANamarigRhItArthaikadeze vastvadhyavasAya nayaH / - kA pAhu jayadhavalI TIkA, pR0 207, zloka 70. pramANanapatatyalokAlaMkAra, 7.1 nayacakU, gAthA 168, 169. vahI, gAthA 162. tatvArthazlokavatikAntagatanayavivaraNa, iloka | syAdavAda jarI mallisena, saM0 e0vI0 dhruva, bambaI, saMskRta prAkRta sIrIja, 1933 pU0 251, zloka 28. tatvArthavArtika, pU0 bhAga do, pRSTha 132. nagacakU, gAthA 170, 171. syAdavAdamaMjarI, pR0 251. nyAyakumudacandra 5.30 tatpArthasUtra 1.35 dearersors, zloka 40.

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24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Theory of knowledge, R.M. Chisholm, Prentice Hall, 1977, u. 99, 103. "But if it is possible for some propositions to be both evident and false, then as we shall see, it is also possible for a person to accept as true and evident proposition without there by knowing that that proposition is true - Theory of Knowledge, page 103. we are all liable to hold atleast some false heliefs." 108 Philosophy of Logic by Susan Haack, p. 232. Thit page 234. "True belief is not yet sufficient for knowledge. For if a person cannot give an account or x justification for what he hellaves truely, then Wo usally do'nt say that we really knows. -Problem in Philosophy East and West edited by R.T. Blackwood and ... Hermon. h is not more reasonable for s than accepting h." h is acceptable for a with holding Theory of Knowledge D1.2 Ihid, Page 6 certain naya Acceptable pramANa . Chisholm acceptable proposition a certain proposition bhItara karate haiN| ye

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32. 33. 34. 35. 36. (1) h is acceptable for a DP withholding his not more reasonable for s than accepting h. 11.3 (2) h is certain for a DP h is beyond reasonable doubt for 5, and there is no i Such that accepting i is more reasonable for s than Accepting h. Ibid D1.4 Ihid, Page 74 Ibid, Fage 75 Merely from the fact that a man believes that he perceives some thing to have a certain property F. it does not follow, accordingly that the proposition, that the something is P is reasonable one for him - he may have other evidences which when combined with the evidence that he believes that he perceives somthing to have F, may make the proposition that something is highly unreasonable." Thid, page 75. 40 Quatation of human knowledge, its scope and limit, by artrend Russell. without an account or justification, my true 1 is not knowledge. Thus true beliefs still star as a necessary but not a sufficient condition for knowledge # Problems in Philosophy, East and West.

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7. mdhypuunn, 1.5- / -15, 24. nshbaalaaki , muuo 282, 39. lkhl, shaakhaa,6-157, 10. eeii, khaa16, bkhaamug,05-25. 11. ny', shaakhaa 168. 42. sluy+gaas, mug 14, 51, 56 12, ghii, 59. 6. laalu, 45. tractatus logico-Philosophicus, Ludevig littgenstein. . 403 46, Thd, F, 4.021 47. fb1d. , 4,55 pve ; 0 =====

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-adhyAya - - - - - - - - anamAna Name baina darzana meM anumAna jJAna kA sAdhana hai kintu yahA anumAna ko svataMtra pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| caina pratyakSA aura parIkSA do hI pramANa mAnate haiN| anumAna ko parokSa pramANoM ke antargata hI mAna liyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yahA' pramANoM meM pratyakSa aura parokSa ke madhya bheda kA kAraNa hai spaSTatA aura aspa-TatA kA honA / akAlakadeva spaSTatA kI paribhASA maiM kahate haiM ki anumAna se, pratyakSa pramANa vizeSa pratibhA sita hotA hai arthAt anumAna ko parokSa pramANa meM isalie zA gila kiyA gayA hai kyoMki pratyakSA zAna anumAna se adhika spaSTa hai| yapi umAravAti Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue anumAna ko Abhinibodhika jAna kahate haiM aura use anindriya pratyakSa ke andara rakhate haiN|' kahIM-kAhI adAlaMka bhI ise mAnasa-pratyakSa kahate haiM kintu sAmAnya spase jaina darzana meM anumAna ko parokSa pramANa ke antargata mAnate kI hI paramparA hai| jaina dArzanika pratyakSA-pramANa ko anumAna Adi parokSa pramANoM se spaSTajJAna kA sUcaka mAnate hue bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki anumAna pramANa kA eka sAdhana hai aura pratyakSa pramANa kI bhAti parokSA pramANa bhI satya ko jAnane meM samartha haiN| devasari kA yahAM taka kahanA hai ki yaha kahanA satya nahIM hai ki pratyakSApramANa satya mAna ke lie parokSa-pramANa se avizvasanIya sAdhana hai| kintu sAtha meM ye itanA avazya jor3a dete haiM ki pratyA pramANa anumAna kI apekSA adhika spaSTa hotA hai| phira ye yaha bhI kahate haiM ki yadi anumAna na ho to pratyakSApramANa bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSa mAna kI vaidhatA pratyayI kRta pastuoM kI prakRti ke sAtha anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA para nirbhara karatI hai aura rA anupAlatA aura pratikUlatA ko anumAna dvArA hI khojA jAtA hai / anamAna kA lakSaNa: jaina dArzanikoM ne kheta se sAdhya kA jJAna honA anumAna kA lakSaNa mAnA

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3 hai| hetu ke jJAna ke AdhAra para sAdhya kA jJAna honA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hetu anivArya rUpa se sAdhya se saMbaMdhita ho tathA betu aura sAdhya sadaiva sAtha-sAtha upasthita pAye gaye hoN| isakA tAtparya hai ki anumAna tabhI saMbhA hai jaba hetu aura sAdhya meM anivAryatA kA saMbaMdha mAna liyA jAye / jahA~ hetu hai vahA' sAdhya hai ; sAdhya ke binA hetu kA pAyA jAnA saMbhava hai|" bauddhika dArzanikoM do samAna jaina baidhA hetu ke pattha, sapadasatva aura pisAva, ye tIna lANa nahIM mAnate haiN| baudroM ke ina tIna lAgoM ke atirikta naiyAyika hetu meM do mAga aura jor3a dete haiM - abAdhita - piyatva aura asata-pratipakSAtya / naiyAyikoM kA khaMDana : jaina dArzanika bauddhoM aura naiyAyikoM kA sAina karate haiN| pahAr3a para Aga hai kyoMki vahA para dhuAM hai | isa udAharaNa maiM hetu-A hai jo pakSa "pahAr3a para hai| kintu isa anumAna "AvAja anaMta hai kyoMki dRzya hai* maiM hetu "dRzyatA hai jisakI vinatA pakSadharmatva nahIM hai kyoMki pahA "AvAja* meM dRzyatA nahIM hotii| jaina dArzanika hetu kI vizeSatA ke rUpa meM pakSadharmatva ko anAvazyaka siddha karate hue pAnI meM candramA ke pratibimba se AkAza meM vAstavika candramA ke astitva kI siti kA udAharaNa prastuta karate haiN| isa anumAna ke udAharaNa meM AkAmA pakSa hai jisameM pAstAvika candramA hai kintu sAdhya arthAt vAstavika candramA kA AkAkSA meM astitva honA yahA hetu, prativimbita candramA se siddha kiyA jA rahA hai jo spaTa rUpa se pA AkAza maiM nahIM hotA isalie hetu maiM pakSadharmatya kI vizeSatA nahIM ti hotI / AcArya aphAka kA kahanA hai "pApATa kA udaya hogA kRttikA kA udaya hone - ityAdi, anumAnoM meM kRti kA kA udaya pakSadharma nahIM hai phira bhI usase zAkATodaya si. hotA hai| ata: pAtitva avyApta hone se hetu-lakSaNa nahIM hai|' yaha satya nahIM hai ki jahAM-jahA hai, vahA pahAr3a bhI hai jaise ki bahA

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sh` hai| hetu ke mAna ke AdhAra para sAdhya kA jJAna honA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hetu anivArya rUpa se sAdhya se saMbaMdhita ho tathA hetu aura sAdhya sadaiva sAtha-sAtha upasthita pAye gaye hoN| isakA tAtparya hai ki anumAna tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hetu aura sAdhya meM anivAryatA kA saMbaMdha mAna liyA jaaye| jahA~ hetu hai vahA' sAdhya hai ; sAdhya ke binA hetu kA pAyA jAnA asaMbhava hai| bauddhika dArzanikoM do samAna jaina vaidha hetu ke padadhatva, sapasatya aura cipasaraca, ye tIna laNa nahIM mAnate haiN| baudroM ke ina tIna lAgoM ke atirikta naiyAyika hetu meM do laga aura jora dete haiM - abAdhita - piyatva aura asat-pratipAtya / naiyAyikoM kA khaMDana : jaina dArzanika bauddhoM aura naiyAyikoM kA saDana karate haiN| pahAr3a para Aga hai kyoMki vahAM para jhA hai / isa udAharaNa meM hetu- hai jo pakSA "pahA" para hai| kintu isa anumAna "AvAja anaMta hai kyoMki dRzya hai" maiM hetu "rayatA hai jisakI vinatA pakSamatva nahIM hai kyoMki pahA "AvAja meM dRzyatA nahIM hotii| jaina dArzanika heta kI vizeSatA ke rUpa meM pahaca ko anAvazyaka 'siddha karate hue pAnI meM candramA ke pratibimba se AkAza meM vAstavika candramA ke astitva kI titi kA udAharaNa prastuta karate haiN| isa anumAna ke udAharaNa meM AkAza pakSa hai jisameM vAstavika candramA hai kintu sAdhya arthAta pAstavika candramA kA AkAzA meM astitva honA yahA betu, prativimbita candramA se siddha kiyA yA rahA hai jo spa-Tapa se pA! AkAza meM nahIM hotA isalie hetu maiM pakSadharmatva kI ' vitA nahIM si hotii| AcArya aphAlaka kA kahanA hai prApATa kA udaya hogA kRttikA kA udaya hone se - ityAdi, anumAnoM meM kRti kA kA udaya pakSadharma nahIM hai phira bhI usate zakaTodaya ti. hotA hai| ataH parAvRtitva avyApta hone se hetu-lakSaNa nahIM hai|" yaha satya nahIM hai ki pahA-calA hai, vahA pahA bhI hai jaise ki pahA

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1 our hai vahA Aga hai 110 sapakSasatva bhI hetu kI vizeSatA nahIM ho sktii| "AvAja zAzvata hai poMki pravaNIya hai", isa anumAna meM hetu pravaNIyatA pakSA AvAja kA to guNa ho satI hai kintu sapA adhAt anya tatvoM kA jo anaMta hai jaise kAlA kA guNa nahIM ho sktii| vipakSamatva bhI vaidha hetu kI vizeSatA nahIM ho sakatA / aura dArzanika jaba ' vitva ko vaidha hetu kA lakSaNa kahate haiM taba usase unakA tAtparya hotA hai ki vaidha hetu vipakSa meM nahIM pAyA jA sakatA | pahAr3a para Aga hai - isa anumAna meM pAnI Aga kA virodhI hai, ataH pAnI meM gort nahIM pAyA jA sakatA / jaina dArzanika baunoM ke mata kI AlocanA karate haiN| udAharaNa ke liye "AvAja anaMta hai kyoMki ya hai| isa anumAna meM hetu jeyatA hai jo ki na kevala ananta vastuoM meM hai balki sAnta vastuoM kA bhI guNa hai / naiyAyikoM ke mata meM vaidha hetu kA lakSaNa hai ki use eka aise niSkarSa kA pratipAdana karanA cAhiye go diye gaye pradhikaraNa kA virodha na karatA ho| painoM kA kathana hai ki hetu uparyukta baudroM aura neyAyikoM pArA kathita mitA ke rahate hue bhI AbhAsayukta aura avaidha ho sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka pAya hai "vaha harA hai kyoMki vaha usakA eka vyakiA virodha kA dUsare aura putroM ke samAna putra hai| isa vAkya meM hetu kI pUrvokta pAcoM vizeSatAyeM vidhamAna haiM, kintu phira bhI yaha avaidha hai / bauddhoM kA isa udAharaNa ke "viSya meM kathana hogA ki isa haitu meM vipakSa-tatva kI vizeSatA nahIM hai kyoMki yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jo harA nahIM hai yaha anivAryatA usakA putra nahIM ho sakatA aura cUMki usa " vitA kA isameM abhAva hai isalie haita avaidha hai / jainoM kA kathana hai ki baudroM kA uparyukta AkSama hetu viSayaka isa mata kA

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kA samarthana karatA hai ki hetu sAdhya se saMbaMdha ke atirikta kisI taraha nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isI prakAra naiyAyikoM kA hetu-vizyaka mata bhI aparokSa rUpa se jainoM ke sata kA samarthana karatA hai| kyoMki yadi hetu aura sAdhya ke bIca naiyAyikoM ke mata meM anaupAAdhika sambandha anivArya hai to phira hetu kI aura kisI vizeSatA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI| hetu kA adhinAbhAva lakSaNa hI paryApta hai| isa saMbaMdha ko isa prakAra dikhAyA jA sakatA hai - jahA~-jahA~ hetu hai vahA~ sAdhya hai aura jahA sAdhya nahIM hai vahA~ hetu bhI nahIM hai / 12 hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha pAyA jAnA siddha karatA hai ki hetu tabhI hotA hai jaba sAdhya hotA hai anyathA nahIM hotA / udAharaNa ke lie, rasoIghara maiM vahA Aga hai yahA~ dekhA pA sakatA hai aura yadi pahA agni nahIM hai to yahA~ yaa nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / hetu aura sAdhya ke apRthak saMbaMdha ko uparyukta dhueM aura agni vAle udAharaNa ke sandarbha meM hI Adhunika pratIkAtmaka tarkazAstra ke pratIkoM meM ninna prakAra vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - hetu 5 sAdhya ~ sAdhya *~ hetu yadi T to agni agni nahIM aura gaa nhiiN| - satya - satya isase siddha hotA hai ki jina moM meM yaha vizaEAT nahIM hai use sAdhya nahIM pakSa kahA jaayegaa| sAdhya kI paribhASA hI yahA~ dI gayI hai ki jo heta se avirata hai aura jisakI hetu ke sAdhA kA kI jAtI hai, vahI sAdhya hai 115 yaha satya hai ki anumAna hetu aura sAdhya ke anivArya saMbaMdha para AdhArita hai kintu yahA prazna hai ki hetu aura sAdhya ke bIca yaha anivAryatA kA saMbaMdha sthApita kaise hotA hai yaha ThIka hai jahA~ - jahA hama gurr dekhate haiM vaha-vahA hameM agni avazya dikhAyI par3atI hai kintu aisI sabhI ghaTanA yA udAharaNa to hama

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140 dekha nahIM pAte to isa bAta kI pramANikatA kyA hai ki jahAM-jahA dhu~A hai vA-vahA~ agni hai / 400 isakA tAtparya hai ki pratyakSa ke dvArA avinAbhAva saMbaMdha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa bAta ko eka udAharaNa se aura spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai. kisa AdhAra para yaha kahA jAtA hai ki kauve kAle hote haiN| sabhI kA~poM ko dekhA jAnA to saMbhava nahIM hai kintu jitane kA~pe Aja taka dikhAI diye haiM, ve sabhI kAte the / eka bhI aisA kaunA nahIM dikhAI par3A jo kAlA na ho; isase isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai ki kauve kAte hote haiM / kintu kucha kAle kauvoM ko dekhakara sAmAnya aura prAmANika se sabhI viSaya meM koI kathana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai' aisA kathana mAtra aindriya pratyakSa ke AdhAra para to kiyA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki aindriya pratyakSa to vizeloM kA hotA hai / vizeSoM ke kitane hI udAharaNa ho kintu uname sAmAnya kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai / pratyakSa vartamAna kA hotA hai jabaki aisA saMbaMdha sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika hotA hai 1 boI bhI anubhAvika paddhati aise anivArya aura sAmAnya saMbaMdha kI samasyA ko hala nahIM kara sakatI 116 isa anivArya aura sAmAnya saMbaMdha kI samasyA ko, pAzcAtyadarzana meM, jA ise "Agamana kI samasyA kahA gayA hai pro0 rasela ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra rakhA yA sakatA hai, rasela yaha saMdeha karate haiM ki kyA kisI ghaTanA ke ghaTane ke kaI udAharaNa isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki vaha bhaviSya meM bhI ghaTegI aura rahola svayaM hI kahate haiM ki aisI sabhI AzAyeM saMbhAvanA mAtra hai / isIliye unakA kathana hai ki ye AzAyeM avazya pUrI hogI, kahane ke bajAya yaha kahanA cAhiye ki ve pUrI honI cAhiye | 7 rasela kI mUla samasyA yaha hI hai ki isa bAta kA kyA pramANa hai ki kisI ghaTanA ke saMdarbha meM bhaviSya meM bhI vaisI hI ghaTegI jaisI bhUtakAla meM huI sUrya bhUtakAla meM sadaiva pUrva se nikalatA dekhA gayA kintu bhaviSya meM bhI sUrya pUrva se hI nikalegA isakA kyA pramANa hai' ratela kA kahanA hai ki yaha anubhava ke AdhAra para siddha nahIM

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kiyA jA sakatA | sAtha hI rasela yaha bhI kahate haiM ki kAla sUrya nikalegA hama bAta kA, anubhava se Dana bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaina darzana ho yA rasela kA darzana donoM ke hI mata meM isa saMbaMdha ko na ta anubhava ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na asiddhhii| yaha hI pAraNa hai ki pAzcAtya darzana meM isa sAmAnya saMbaMdha kI sthApanA ke lie mila ArA prastAvita anvaya, vyAvireka Adi Agamanika vidhiyA' asaphala sina huI yoki ye vidhimA pratyakSa para AdhArita haiM tathA pratyakSa ku. udAharaNoM kA ho sakatA hai| gabhI kA nhiiN| DeviDa hyUma ne yaha hI kahA thA ki indriyAnubhava rAhA kisI anivArya aura sArvabhauma siddhAMta para nahIM pahu~ca sakate / anubhava se kevala saMbhAvanAyeM prApta ho sakatI hai kisI prakAra kI anivAryatA nahIM / yadyapi iyUma kA yaha kahanA satya hai ki indriyAnubhava ke AdhAra para kisI anivArya sArvabhauma niyama ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu iyuma kI galatI yaha hai ki unhoMne mAtra indriyAnubhava ko hI jJAna maanaa| kAna mAtra indriyAnubhA taka hI sImita nahIM hai paran usase pare bhI hai| jaisA ki hayuma ke bAda Age calakara kA ne iyuma kI isI AdhAra para AlocanA kI / isakA tAtparya hai ki isa sArvabhauma aura anivArya siddhAMta kI boSa ke lie anubhava ke pare jAkara kisI niyama yA AdhAra kI khoja karanI hogii| paisA ki rasela kA vizvAsa hai ki prakRti kI ekA patA meM vizvAsa kA AdhAra koI sAmAnya niyama hai, jisakA koI apavAda nahIM hai| yaha zinAta rasela ke mata meM Agamana kA silAta hai| rasela kA kahanA hai ki yaha mAtra Agamana kA siddhAMta hI hai| jo anumAna ko pramANika banA sakatA hai 18 isa zilAta ko anubhava ke AdhAra para na to siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai na aziddha hii| Age rasela kA kahanA hai ki isa Agamana ke siddhAMta ko AntaH prA pramANikatA ke AdhAra para svIkAra karanA cAhiye anyathA bhaviSya ke viSaya meM hamArA koI bhI kathana yA AzA pramANita nahIM ho sktii| yadi hama Agamana ke simAta ko nahIM mAnate

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to hamAre pAsa yaha kahane kA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA ki sUrya phala bhI niklegaa| unakA kahanA hai ki hamArA sabhI vyavahAra bhUtakAla meM ghaTita sAhacarya para AdhArita hai aura usake hama bhaviSya meM bhI hone kI AzA karate haiN| bhUtakAla ke AdhAra para bhaviSya ke viSaya meM usakI AzA karanA Agamana ke siddhAMta para AdhArita hai 120 yadi jaina darzana ke saMdarbha meM yaha jAnane kA prayatna kiyA jAye ki yahA' anugAna Tna e Avazyaka hetu aura sAdhya ke anivArya aura sArvabhauma saMbaMdha, ' gidhyApti saMsa bhI kahA jAtA hai, ki nAziAtA nita prakAra sthApita kI gayI hai to pAsa hogA ki jainoM ne vyApti saMbaMdha kI siddhi "taka-pramANa ke dvArA kI hai| pramANa mImAtA se kahA gayA hai ki sahabhAviyoM kA sahabhAva 'niyaga aura kamabhAviyoM kA kramabhAva niyama hI avinAbhAva hai aura usakA nirNaya taI se hotA hai 121 jise rasela Agamana kA 'timAta Principle of-nbucheil kahate haiM use hI jaina dArzanika tarka-pramANa ke ..ArA vyakta karate haiM 122 taka jAtivipaka sAmAnya jJAna hai aura isakA pAzcAtya dala ke kArya kAraNa saMbaMdha, ApAdana saMbaMdha | mplicatheri | aura adhinAbhAva saMbaMdha se kisI sImA taka tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina dArzanika anumAna ko svataMtra pramANa mAnate haiM kintu anumAna kI pramANikatA vyAptiAna para nirbhara he tayA vyApti jJAna tarka para nirbhara hai| isalie jaina dArzanika taka ko svataMtra pramANa mAnate haiN|25 sAdhya aura sAdhana ke adhinAbhAva saMbaMdha ko na to "nirvikalpa pratyAH jAna sakatA hai aura na sAdhikalpa / ataH isake jAnane ke lie tApanAma kA pramANAtara mAnanA cAindriyamAnA aura yo gipratyakSa vyApti ko gahaNa karane meM asamartha hai 124 tarka kI paribhASA pramANamImAMsA meM isa prakAra dI gayI hai - upalambha aura anupalambha ke nimitta se jo 'vyApti jAna hotA hai vaha hI tarka hai 125

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tyAvavAda maMjarI meM taka kI paribhASA dI gayI hai - "upalamma arthAt svaardrshn| aura anupalambha adhAta vyabhicAra adarzanA se phalita sAkSya sAdhana ke kAlika taMbaMdha Adi ke jJAna kA AdhAra tathA isake hone para hI yaha honA aura na hone para na honA, isa AkAra vAlA jo mAnasika saMvedana hai vaha usa, usakA hI nAma "tarka hai / -26 tarka kI vyAkhyA meM jo upalambha aura anupalambha zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usakA artha kramazaH anyaya sahacAra, vyatireka aura anupalAi hai| jainoM ke "ta* kI LyAkhyA rasela ke Agamana ke siddhAta* kI pyAcyA se kAphI hada 11 sAmyatA rakhatI hai| rasela ne isa siAta kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai ki jaba kisI eka prakAra kI vastu sadaiva kisI eka dUsarI prakAra kI vastu ke sAtha jur3I pAI jAtI hai jainoM ke zabdoM meM anvaya sahacAra" aura kabhI bhI usase alaga nahIM' pAI jAtI jainoM ke zabdoM meM vyAmireka, yA anupalaHiI, aura jaba yaha saMyojana paryApta mAga meM kaI udAharaNoM meM pAyA jAtA hai taba vaha vizeSa prakAra kA saMyojana aura tAhacarga adhika saMbhAvya ho jAyegA / ina sAhaya saMbaMdha ke payApta mAtrA meM udAharaNa gitane para sAhacarya kI sabhAdhyatA nizcitatA ke nikaTa pahuMgha jAyegI / 27 __"jisa prakAra rola mAnate haiM ki sAmAnya kA bhAna antaHprajA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai aura hamArA sArA yathArtha jJAna yahIM se zurU hotA hai| isa AntaH pradhAna ke satya hone kA raselA dAvA karate haiM 128 isI prakAra "taka" kI , paribhASA meM jaina dArzanika andhaya, vyatireka ko vyApti gRhaNa kA mAtra sAdhana hI mAnate haiN| vastutaH cyApti kA grahaNa mAnasika saMvedanA yA antaHpA se hotA hai jo anvaya, vyatireka rUpa tathyoM ko sAmAna banAkara vyApti gRhaNa karatA hai| tarka ke AntaH prA rUpa kA samarthana pramANamImAtA kI syopatti meM hemacandra ne kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vyApti gakSaNa ke samaya jJAtAyogI samAna ho jAtI hai 129

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jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM abheda hai| tarka antaHpUtra zakti ke dvArA vizeSa ke pratyakSIkaraNa ke samaya hI sAmAnya ko bhI jAna letA hai / "tarka" kI jaina dArzanikoM dvArA jo paribhASAyeM dI gayI hai aura vyApti nirdhAraNa kI jo prakriyA batAI gaI hai usake AdhAra para "tarka" ke pratIkAtmaka svarUpa kA isa prakAra nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai 130 J1M.P 12pm M 138n(GP),w (GP, M) 141 (MSP) [15] (MSP) VS (MSP) 161P.M) 17Aya IBIMOP jabaki Page #133
II isa pratIkAtmaka svarupa kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura agni bhI hai, agni nahIM hai aura nahIM hai, aisA koI udAharaNa nahIM hai ki aa agni nahIM hai aura agni nahIM / kitu aa hai, basAliye yaha saMketa milatA hai ki jahA~ hai to agni bhI hai, 151 kintu phira saMgaya ho sakatA hai ki aura agni se vyApita saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai athavA nahIM, 161 kintu aisA kabhI bhI satya nahIM hai ki agni nahIM hai kintu yA hai, 17. ata: agni mahI hai to jA nahIM hai, It isa prakAra nikA nikalatA hai yadi A hai to agni bhI hai| yApi jaina darzana ne "ta" kI adhvA rasela ne "Agamana ke siddhAMta kI siddhi antaHprajJA ke AdhAra para mAnI to kintu kyA Ata: pumAna ke sArvabhauma rUpa se satya hone kA dAvA kiyA jA sakatA hai' yapi jaina dArzanikoM aura rasela donoM ne aisA dAvA kiyA hai| yaha pAna isalie uThatA hai kyoMki Ata:pakSa satyoM meM rasela ke anusAra vaiyaktimatatA hotI hai, yaha sabake liye satya nahIM ho sakatA / kintu sAmAnya to sabake lie satya hotA hai taba sAmAnyatA ko aMta:pakSA ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA kyA tAtparya adhyA aucitya raha jAtA hai' saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki rasela AgamanAtmaka sAhacarya athavA saMyojana ko 'nizcita hI na kahakara nicaya ke nikaTa yA saMbhAvya jaise zabdoM se vyakta karate haiM

Page #134
Alibi aura saMyojana se saMbhAvyatA kI mAtrAyeM mAnate haiM / kyA yaha vicAra sva-virodhI nahIM hai ki eka tarapha to antaHprajJA dvArA prApta sAmAnya jJAna kI satyatA kA dAvA kiyA jAye aura dUsarI tarapha saMbhAvyatA kI mAtrAyeM mAnI jAyeM / rasela / isakA uttara dete haiM ki antaHprajJA dvArA jJAna prApta kara jabda hama usa para vicAra karake use abhivyakta karate haiM taba usameM bhUla kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| isalie usameM satyatA kI Azika gAraMTI ho sakatI hai| aise jJAna ko rasela varNanAtmaka jJAna kahate hai / isa bAta ko isa prakAra samajhAyA jA sakatA hai ki hama jaba prAtaHkAla sUrya ko pUrva se nikalatA huA dekheM aura kaheM ki "sUrya pUrva se nikalatA hai" to yaha ataH putrA jJAna hai aura isakI satyatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai kintu jaba ye jAnate haiM ki sUrya pUrva se nikalatA hai aura isa AdhAra para kaheM ki sUrya pUrva se nikalatA hai to rasela ke mata meM yaha varNanAtmaka jJAna hai aura isameM pUrNa nizcitatA kA dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki yahA~ para hama tathyoM meM saMbaMdha baiThAte haiM / ataH AntaH pUjJa satya ke AdhAra para prApta jJAna meM saMbhAvyatA kI mAtrA hotI hai / isalie rasela kA vicAra hai ki hamAre jJAna kA adhikAMza hissA saMbhAvita jJAna hai / rasela kA yaha vicAra AlocanAoM se pare nahIM hai / / to kyA isakA tAtparya hai ki sAmAnya kA jJAna saMbhAvya hai, nizcita "nahIM" rasela ke uparyukta vicAroM kI AlocanA karate hue pro. sAlamana kahate haiM, yadi hama Agamana saMpratyaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke prayAsa meM saMbhAvyatA ke vicAra kI svIkAra karate haiM aura vAkyoM ko AvRtti ke artha meM lete haiM to hama eka parezAnI maiM pha~sa jAte haiM, taba yaha kahanA kahA taka ThIka hogA ki asaMbhAvya niSkarSo kI are saMbhAvya niSkarSo ko svIkAra karanA cAhie / hama aisA nahIM kara sakate kyoMki yadi hama saMbhAvyatA ko AvRtti artha meM lete haiM to yaha dikhAnA tarala hogA ki jo hamAre svIkRta AgamanoM ko nizcita karate haiM apane niSkoM ko : -----

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13 saMbhAvya spa meM sthApita karate haiN| dubhAgya se hama se kisI bhI niSkarSa ko prAthamikatA nahIM de sakate jo isa artha meM asaMbhAvya nikaSoM se saMbhAvya hai 132 Age tAlamana kA kathana hai ki AgamanAtmaka darzana kA kArya Agamana kA pramANIkaraNa karanA nahIM hai varan hamArI AgamAnAtmaka aMta:prajJA kA kramabaddha rUpa meM sudhAra karanA hai| yaha sarala kArya nahIM hai, kyoMki hamArI aMta:prakSA gaharAI meM dhupI huI aura eka dUsare se saMsa kara sakatI hai| kisI bhI sthiti meM jIgamanAtmaka niyama ke pramANIkaraNa ke liye atima apIla AgamamAtmA pramANa ke saMpratyaya ke prati AtaHpakSa vidana hai|" sAlamana ke mata meM samasyA hai kyA hama apane Anta:pakSa abhyAsa ko prAthamikatA dene ke liye aura vikalpoM ke prati vyavahAra ke lie tarka de sakate hai' yadi hama aisA kara sakate haiM to vahIM Agamana kA pramANIkaraNa hogaa| yadyapi hama eka AgamAnAtmaka niyama se dUsare AgamanAtmaka niyama ko pramANita nahIM kara sakate phira bhI yaha dikhAne kA prayatna kara sakate haiM ki eka AgamanAtmaka niyama ko dUsare AgamAnAtmA niyama se parIyatA dene kA kyA kAraNa hai' kintu AgamanAtmaka niyama ke viSaya meM pro0 bArakara apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue pro0 sAlamana se sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA kahanA hai "maiM sAlamana se isa bAta meM pUrNatayA sahamata hU~ ki yaha soyA jA sakatA hai ki Agamana, rAka ke kisI dUsare prakAra se kama saphala ho sakatA hai, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai aura yaha eka tArSika saMbhAvanA | Possibility | hai, kintu yaha saMbhAvyatA I Prodabaty mahI' hai| kyoMki hama yaha nizcita rUpa se jAnate haiM ki yaha saMbhAvya nahIM hai ki AgamanAtmaka abhyAsa kA virodhI koI bhI abhyAsa Age jAkara usI taraha saphala hogA paisA AgamanAtmaka abhyAsa hogA 135 samasyA yaha hI hai ki hama saMbhAvya niSkarSoM ko asaMbhAvya niSkarSoM kI apekSA kyoM varIyatA dete haiM 36 pro0 bArakara kA kAma hai ki yaha prazna usa prazna jaisA hI hai ki eka vastu kI

Page #136
sundaratA usakI prazmA kA kAraNa kyoM hai saMbhAvya niSkaNoM ko varIyatA dene kAna karanA asaMgata hai 137 kintu pro0 maiksa kA kahanA hai ki bhUtakAla meM saphalatA se bhaviSya meM saphalatA kI saMbhAvyatA svayaM eka AgamanAtmaka niyama kA prayoga karatI hai aura ET prakAra cakka pratIta hotI hai 138 ataH pro0 maiksa blaika AganAtmaka anumAna ke lie niyama prastAvita karate haiM jile meM sely supportnig Arguueut kahate hai / In most instances of the use of 'R' in arguments with true premises examined is a wide variety of conditions, 'R' has been successful. Hence (Probable). In the next instance to be a countered of the use of 'R' is an a@ggument with true premises, 'R' will be successful. AgamanAtmaka anumAna kA niyama jisakA AdhAra vAkyoM aura niSkarSa maiM saMketa kiyA gayA hai vaha yaha hai To argue from the most Instances of A's examined in a wide variety of conditions have been B to (Probably) the next A to be encountered will be B. pro0 maiksa blaika ke anusAra uparyukta niyama AgamanAtmaka anumAna ke liye pUrNatayA upayukta hai| 59 kintu pro0 sAlamana self supportig Argument kI AlocanA karate hue use cakka batAte haiM, isa artha meM ki isa yukti ko aMtima

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I rUpa meM niSkarSa ko satya svIkAra kie binA sthApita nahI kiyA jA sktaa| isa sthiti meM yaha hotA hai ki prayoga kie gara anumAna ke niyama kI satyatA ko sthApita karane ke lie bajAya AdhAra vAloM kI satyatA ke niSkarSa kI satyatA kI svIkRti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai kintu yaha yukti ko kama cakka nahIM banAtA hai| dhaka doSa taba hotA hai jabaki AdhAra vAkyoM meM die gae tathyoM kA niSka ke lie pramANa ke spa meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai 'viparIta isake ki niSkarSa ko asvIkRta kara diyA jAtA hai to AdhAra vAkyoM meM vyakta tathya niSkarSA ke lie pramANa nahIM ho sakate 140 Prof. Salman's Counter-example is as to11cms *In most instances of the use of 'R' in arguments with true premises in a wide variety of conditions, *R* has been unsuccessful. Hance (Probable), in the naxt instance to be encounterer of the usa of 'R' will be successful. Rule is - ro argue trom most instances of 's examined na wide variety of conditions have not been 'B& to (probably) the next 'A' to be encountered w111 ba 8.41

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. 126 saMdarbha aura TippaNI pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, 3.1,2 tathA pramANamImAtA, 1.1.2 anumAnAdhikyena vizeSakAzana spaSTatvaM / / tatvArthavArtika, 2-3. tatyAzUna, 1.13 pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, 3.7 pramANamImAsA, 1.2-7. pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, 3-11. 7. natu bhilAkAdiH / / vahI,3.12 yahI, pR0 198. tatyAlokavArtika, pU0 199,200. nAhi yatra-yatra mastA-rAna citramAnauti paritrIpAsyApyanuvRttiratti / / pramANanayatatvalo phAlaMkAra, 3.19 ghahI, pU0 196-198. tathA parIkSAmusA, 3.15,16 12. hetu prayogastathopa pattayayenyathAnupantimpAdiprakAraH / / pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, 3.29 satyeva sAdhye hetopapatti: tayopapaptiH / asati sAdhye hetoranupapAptire pAnyathAnupapaptiH vahI, 3.30 / /

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// C yathA kRzAnumAnayaMpArapradezaH satyena kRzAnumatye arytur:, *Hur aft 11 met. 3.31 15. set, 3. 14, 15, 16. 16. Thus 11 kuowledge which, on a basis of experience talls us some thing about what is not experienced, is based upon baliof which experience can neither CORfim nor retute ...... (On Induction, B. Russell) The justification of Induction, edited by Richard Swinebune, Oxford University press, 1974, p. 24. Ibid, p. 19, 21. 18. The problem we have to discuss 19 whether there is any reason for believing in what called the unitomity of mature, 18 the belief that every thing that has happen or will happes 13 an instance of some general law, to which there are so exception., Ibid, p. 21. 19. Inductive principle however is equally incapable oPS baing proved by an appeal to Axperience. Ibid. p. 24. 20. Thus we must aither accept the inductive principle or on the ground of its intrinsic evidmace or forgo ml1 Justification of our expectations about the future.

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It the principle is unsound. We have no rex'OR to accept to rise tomorrow. All our conduct is based upon 4880ciation which have worked in the past and which we therefore regard as likely to work infuture, and thus likelihood independent or its Validity upon the Inductive principle. roid. p. 24. 21. mahAmabhApino: sahamabhAva niyamo apinAbhAvaH, sAnnidhyayaH / / pramANamImAMsA, 2.11,12,5. 22. pahI, 1.35, 38. smaragapratyAbhijJAnakatAnumAnAgata bhedAntappaMcapakAram pramANanayatatvalokAlakAra, 3.2 24. nyAyasudacandra, 3.1 25. upalambhAnupalambhanimitta vyAptijJAnam aEH / / pramANamImAMsA, 2.5 26. laal giphaaliilaa gaan lkssaasimin satyeva bhavatItyAAkAra saMvedanamUhastakapirapayAya yathA cAvAn kazcitAda dhUmaH sa sAvadhanI satyeva bhavatIti tasminnarAti ahAna bhavatyaivetivA syAdavAda maMjarI, pR0 2-8. On Induction P. 7.3, 24. 28. Froblem of Philosophy, p. 162. 29. vyAptikAse yogIva pramAtA / / pramANamImAtA, 2.5 ti jaina darzana ke tarka pramANa* kA Adhanika sandabhoM meM gulyAkana-DA0 sAgaramala jaina, dArzanika traimAsika, parSa 24, aMka 4, akTUbara 1978.

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31. Problem of Philosophy, Chin. 6 The justification of Induction. The concept of Inductive evidence by Wesley, c. Salmon, Ox Induction, Chap. 3. p. 4. 33. The tank oEUR Inductive Philosophy is not the Just 14h. cation of Induction but the reformulation of our Iwuctive Intentions ....... In any case ultimate appel for the justification Inductive rules is our intutive sense for the concept of Inductive evidence. Ihia, p. 52. 34, The problem is can be give reasons for preferring our unage intutions and behaviour to the alternatives ? It we can that will be the justification of Induction. Ibid. p. 56. 35. .... I fully agree with him that it it to conceivable that Induction might be less successful than some other way of reasoning, this is conceivable, and it is a logicni possibility, but it 1.not proble that any Inductive practice will be as muccessful in the long run as Induction will be. Ibia, (Is there a problem Induction, second part of SyRiposiwn on Inductive evidence), Chap. 3. 36, Problem is why is the fact that Induction is probably relimblo any real mason for relying upon Induction. Why should we prefer probable conclusion to improbable ones, Ibid. p. 59.

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37. This question is too much like the qu*tion why 12 the beauty of a thing a reason for admiring it ? ...... Thus it is inconsistent to deny that probable conclusion are to be preferred. Ibid. p. 60. 38. Yet an argument from success in the past to probable success in the future itself uses an Inductive rule, and therefore seems circular. Nothing would be accomplished by any argument that needed to 48uro the reliability of an Inductive mule inorder to establish the rula', malleability. Self suprorting argument, VIII part of the symposium on Inductive evidence, on Inductions, Chap. III Ibid, p. 126. The so called self-supporting arguments are circular in the following precise sense. The conclusiveness of the argument cannot be established without assuring the truth of conclusion. It happens, in the case, that the assumption of the truth at the conclusion 19 required to establish the correctness of the rules of Inference used rather than the truth of the premises, but that makes the argument no less viciously circular. Quid P131 41. Ibid. p. 131.

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sdy' chaaey' darzana kI samagatA - - - - jainamAta maiM "dAna kA svarUpa : jaina darzana meM darzana zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa artha meM kiyA gayA hai| pAkhA dAna moha-karma ke upanAma, kSAya yA yopazama rUpa antaraMga kAraNa se hone vAle tatvoM ke artha meM zraddhA karane ko samyagdarzana karate haiN|' akalaMka deva aura pUjyapAda donoM ke matoM se tatvAyaM meM zraddhA karanA samyagdarzana hai / yo viSaya darzana pada ke sthAna para "samyaktva pada kA prayoga karate haiN| unake mata se samyaktva pradA, darzana aura tatvadhi, sabhI samAnArthaka zabda hai| kintu "ma" kI ina paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA ki "darzana' kA zAnamImAtIya mahatva kyA hai' yA bhAna-prakiyA maiM *darzana* kI sthiti kyA hai' yadyapi jainoM ke abhiprAya ke anusAra *darzana*jJAna-prakriyA kA eka anivArya aMga hai| yahA~ eka bAta ullekhanIya hai ki "darzana pada kA prayoga jaina AcAyoM ne sadaiva samyaka pada ke sAtha hI kiyA hai| parantA yaha vighya hai ki darzana ke sAtha samyaka pada ke prayoga kI kyA sArthakatA hai' samyA pada ke prayoga kA jo aucitya jaina dAnikoM ne diyA hai vaha "darzana ko jJAnamImAtIya mahatva pradAna karatA hai, kyoMki padArthoM meM yathAkSAnamUlaka pradA batAne ke liye hI darzana ke pUrva "samyaka pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isate "darzana ke artha meM spaSTatA AtI hai kyoMki isase darzana kA artha anyAdA na hokara tatva ke vAstavika svarUpa ke tAki vizleSaNa kA prazna upasthita hotA hai| akalaMka ke mata meM sampaka pada kA prayoga "iSTA meM hotA hai| sampada ko "tatva" artha meM bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ "tatva" kA artha hai jo padArtha jaisA hai use vaisA hI cAnanA / AcArya isa bAta ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna karate haiM ki yadi "tatva- pada kA prayoga na kiyA jAye to yaha samasyA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki kisa prakAra kI zraddhA ko samyagdarzana kahA jAyegA' kyoMki

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unake mata meM mithyAvAdi praNIta artha bhI to logoM dvArA jAne jAte haiM parantu de tatva nahIM haiN| ata: "tatva" pada kA prayoga na karane se midhyAvAdi praNIta artha para pradA bhI samyagdarzana kahI jaayegii| yadi mAtra "artha' zabda kA hii| prayoga kiyA jAye to yUMki "ardha" zabda ke aneka artha haiM isalie saMdeha hogA ki 'kisa artha kI zraddhA ko sampAdana kahA jAyegA / ataH ina aikAntika athoM ke 'nirAkaraNa ke liye tatva pada kA prayoga kiyA hI jAnA cAhie / samyagdarzana ke nirUpaNa meM "tatva' zabda ke prayoga ke aucitya ko siddha karane ke bAda AcArya "artha pada ke aucitya ko bhI batAte haiN| "artha prAbda kA artha hai "jo 'nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai / ' yadi "artha zabda kA prayoga na kiyA jAye aura mAtra tatva grahaNa ko hI samyagdarzana kahA jAye to yaha samasyA uThatI hai ki ki ekAtavAdiyoM ko bhI tatvadA hotI hai jisase unakI ekANI pradA ko bhI samyagradAna karanA pdd'egaa| kiMtu icchApUrvaka pradA ko samyagdarzana nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ata: niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki tatva rupa se mAnya adhoM kI zraddhA hI samparadarzana hai| isalie darzana pada ke pUrva "samyak pada kA prayoga "darzana ke Atmagata artha kA nirAkaraNa karake darzana ko eka tAki pada ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karatA hai| jJAna aura darzana kA saMbaMdha : "darzana" pada ke aura spaSTIkaraNa kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA kI caitanyAyita ko AtmA kA viziSTa guNa mAnA hai| yaha caitanyavAti jise jaina darzana meM "upayoga" bhI kahA gayA hai do prakAra kI hai eka to jJAnopayoga aura dUsarA darzanopayoga / athAt vaitanyazayita hI jJAna aura darzana rUpa se kArya karatI hai| AtmA kI isa zakti kA nAma jJAna hai jisase padArtha jAne jAte haiM tathA usa zakti kA nAma darzana hai jisase tatva kI zraddhA hotI

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hai / AtmA kI caitanya zakti jaba bADya vastu ke svarUpa ko jAnatI hai taba AtmA kI nirAkAra caitanyA isa nirAkAra avasthA meM darzana kahalAtI hai / vasthA usake darzana kI avasthA hai / " wad yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jJAna sAkAra hai aura darzana nirAkAra | jayalA TIkA meM AkAra kA artha ghAtalAyA gayA hai ki sakala padArthoM ke samudAya se alaga hokara buddhi ke viSaya bhAva ko prApta huA karmakAraka AkAra pAyA jAtA hai as arre upayoga kahalAtA hai / 10 nirAkAra darzana indriya aura padArtha ke samparka se pUrva hotA hai / svAvabhAti caitanya ko anAkAra darzana tathA bAyavabhAti caitanya kI sAkAra jJAna kahate haiM / caitanya kA sva se bhinna padArthoM ko jAnanA hI sAkAra honA hai jabaki darzana kA viSaya anAraMga padArtha hai| yadi darzana kA viSaya antaraMga padArtha na mAnA jAye to vaha anAkAra nahIM bana sakatA ataH viSaya aura viSaya ke samparka ke pUrva antaraMga padArtha ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana hotA hai | 12 sa sandarbha meM anAkAra aura antaraMga padArtha ina zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai kyoMki padArtha to sAkAra aura mUrtabhautika hI hote haiM / "darzana kA viSaya antaraMga padArtha hai" isase kyA abhiprAya hai' yadi hama jJAna kA to dekheMge ki jJAna meM caitanya hI ekamAtra hetu nahIM hotA kyoMki vastu kA vAstavika rUpa caitanya ko nirUpita karatA hai / yahA~ cetanya ke anurUpa vastu nahIM hotI balki vastu ke vAstavika rUpa ke anurUpa caitanya dhArA hotI hai| isake viparIta darzana meM vastu kI vAstavika sthiti kyA hai yaha prazna nahIM upasthita hotA kyoMki yahAM caitanya ke anurUpa vastu kI avadhAraNa kI jAtI hai| yahAM para caitanya pradhAna hai / isa artha meM padArtha ke arathe agree ko antaraMga padArtha kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki yaha caitanya dvArA Atmagata anubhUti hai jisakA bhautika padArtha se saMbaMdha nahIM huA hai / yaha eka

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AJ prakAra se cetanA kA vastuviSayaka vyaktigata bhAva hai jisakA vastu ke vAstavika ma se koI anivArya saMbaMdha nahIM hai kyoMki abhI taka cetanA kA vastu se samparka sthApita nahIM huA hai / ataH jJAna meM jaba cetanA kA vastu te samparka sthApita hotA hai to isa bAta kI saMbhAvanA raha jAtI hai ki darzana jJAna ke anurUpa na hI~ / yaha hI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne mAnA hai ki jJAna ke dvArA darzana kA zodhana hotA hai / jJAna ke binA zraddhA kI paripuSTi nahIM hotI / isa darzana ke viSaya meM eka mata yaha bhI hai ki darzana kA artha hai viSaya aura viSayoM ke samparka ke bAda jJAna ke pUrva vastu kA eka sAmAnya avabhAsa yA saMvedana | 13 mata ke anusAra viSaya aura viSayoM ke samparka ke tatkAla bAda hI jJAna utpanna nahIM ho jAtA balki isa samparka ke bAda vastu kA eka avyakta grahaNa hotA hai / vastu ke isa prAthamika pratyakSIkaraNa yA annataH savedana ko hI darzana hai| kisI bhI vastu ke vistArapUrvaka jAnane ke pUrva eka sthiti hotI hai jaba hama usa vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se dekhate haiM aura usa vastu ke astitva se sacetana hote haiM / darzana sattA kI yahI sAmAnya ataH pukSa anubhUti hai / isa anubhava ke bAda hI pratyakSIkaraNa kI kriyA prArambha hotI hai / AtmA kA padArtha ko jAnane ke liye prayatna karanA hI darzana hai kyoMki yadi cetanA se samparka hote hI jJAna mAna liyA jAye to yaha bahudhA hamAre anubhava meM AtA hai ki pratidina calate huye socate huye vibhinna kArya karate huye anekoM vastuoM ke samparka meM hama Ate haiM kintu ve sabhI vastuyeM jJAna kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI kyoMki una sabhI vastuoM ko jAnane kA prayatna hama nahIM karate / jJAna unhIM vastuoM kA hotA hai jinako jAnane ke lie cetanA prayatna karatI hai | darzana vastu kA sAmAnya saMvedana hai jabaki jJAna spaSTa aura vizeSa | yaha hI kAraNa hai ki akalaMka aura pUjyapAda ne kahA ki darzana ko hI prathama grahaNa karanA cAhiye tathA sAtha meM yaha bhI kahA ki yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jise darzana hai use jJAna bhI hogA, lekina hA, jise jJAna hai use darzana avazya hogA 114 isa bAta ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki mujhe sAmane

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cukSa paisA kama dikhAI par3atA hai kintu maiM yaha jAnane kA prayatna nahIM karatI ki yaha kyA hai| yadi koI mAse yaha jAnane kA prayatna kare ki maiMne sAmane kyA dekhA to maiM nahIM batA sagI ki maiMne vakSa dekhA kyoMki mujhe vRkSa kA eka sAmAnya saMvedana A thA pise jJAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isase niSkarSa nikAlAtA hai 'ki hamAre bahuta se saMvedana darzana ke stara taka hI raha jAte haiM jJAna nahIM bana pAte; arthAt jise darzana ho to yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki use jJAna bhI ho| jise bhAna hogA use darzana avazya hI hogA kyoMki vastu ke vizeSa sAkAra mAna ke pUrva usakA sAmAnya nirAkAra raviMdana avazya hotA hai| ataH darzana jJAna kI prakriyA kA anivArya prathama caraNa hai / isa mata ke samarthana kA AdhAra yaha hai ki jaina darzana meM jJAna kA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai svaparAvabhAti / ataH jJAna ke isa lakSmaNa ko mAnane para darzana ko aMtaraMga padArtha kA vivecaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA | mAna vikalpa spa hotA hai darzana sAmAnya hotA hai jo ki viSaya aura viyoM ke samparka ke bAda hotA hai| ataH spaSTa hotA hai ki jJAna aura darzana meM anivArya saMbaMdha hai / akalaMkadeva ke mata meM se meghpaTala ke harate hI sUrya kA prakAza eka sAtha hI phaila jAtA hai usI taraha AtmA meM jJAna aura darzana kI yugapat pravRti hotI hai|15 darzana ke isa artha se eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki cUMki avagraha kA bhI jaina dArzanika yahI artha karate haiM jo darzana kA artha, to donoM meM kyA bheda hai' akalaMkadeva isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa karane kA prayatna karate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki vijaya aura viSayI ke samparka ke bAda puthama samaya meM jo "yaha kucha hai* isa prakAra kA vizeSAnya nirAkAra pratibhAsa hotA hai vaha darzana kahalAtA hai usake bAda dUsare tIsare Adi samayoM meM yaha rUpa hai" "yaha puruSa hai Adi sya se 'vizeSAza kA nizcaya apagraha kahalAtA hai| AcArya eka saya: jAta bAlaka ke udAharaNa se isa bAta ko spaSTa karate haiN| yadi bAlaka ke prathama samaya meM hone

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vAle sAmAnya anubhava ko avagRha jJAna mAnA jAye to vaha kauna sA jJAna hogA' bAlaka ke isa prathama samaya ke anubhava ko samAya aura viparyaya bhI nahIM kara skte| kyoMki ye donoM samyagjJAna pUrvaka hI hote haiM jisane usa viSaya kA pakSale samyarajJAna prApta kiyA ho use hI usa viSaya meM saMzaya Adi ho sakate haiN| isa prAthamika jJAna ko saMzaya aura viparyaya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ise samyagjJAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki kisI artha vizeSa ke AkAra kA nizcaya nahIM huA hai| abagRha se pahale vastu mAtra kA sAmAnya savedana sya darzana hotA hai phira rUpa hai" yaha avagraha "phira "yada zukla lai yA kRSNa yaha samAya, phira "zukla honA cAhiye yaha ITA phira "zukla hI hai yaha AyAya, usake bAda AvAya kI dRDhatama avasthA dhAraNA hotI hai| 6 jJAna-darzana-paritra mokSamArga : jaina darzana meM darzana zAna aura caritra ko sammilita rUpa se mokSamArga FET gayA hai|17 yahA yA purana uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki pAna ko yA caritra ko ekAphika rUpa se mokSa kA mArga kyoM nahIM kahA gayA' darzana meM kyA kamI hai| jise zAna pUrA karatA hai aura mAna meM kyA kI hai jise cArina purA karatA hai' darzana, jJAna aura caritra meM Apasa meM kyA saMbaMdha hai aura yaha sabhI kisa prakAra mokSamArga meM sahAyaka hote haiM" sarvaprathA hameM darzana hotA hai| jaina darzana meM "darzana zAhada ke do artha "milate haiN| eka to darzana kA artha zraddhA se liyA jAtA hai aura dUsare, sattA kI eka sAmAnya Ata:prata anubhati ke spa meM; arthAta vastu ke dhAnako darzana kahA gayA hai| yaha AtmA kI eka prakAra kI Atmagata anubhati hai| isI Atmagata anubhUti ke bAda pratyakSIkaraNa kI priyA prArambha hotI hai / "darzana" pada kA artha kucha bhI liyA jAya kiMtu ullekhanIya yaha hai ki darzana pada kA prayoga sadaiva "samyak pada ke sAtha hI kiyA gayA hai, ekAntataH nahIM,

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. 138 athAta jainadarzana meM mokSa kA abhimAya kevala darzana se nahIM varan samyak darzana se hotA hai / ata: darzana kA artha yA pradA ho, cATe YemaleNa ke pUrva kI bAta anubhUti, vaha mokSa ke liye upayogI tabhI hogI | usameM "samyakatya* kA guNa A jaaye| darzana ko samyaktva kA yaha guNa jJAna hI pradAna karatA hai| yatho viSaya kA mata hai ki pradA kI paripuSTi jJAna ke binA nahIM hotI | abAnI kI praddhA bar3I durbala hotI hai jo sahaja hI viparIta saka se prabhAvita ho jAtI hai / unake mata meM jJAna se zraddhA kA zodhana ThIka usI prakAra hotA hai jisa prakAra aMjana se netra kA 18 tAtparya yaha hai ki isApUrvaka praT ko samyak darzana nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / zAna cUMki darzana kA parikAra vAratA hai asaliye bhI hai| yapi kahIM-kahIM jaina AcAyoM meM mAtra prakSA ko mokSa kA mArga kahate huye darzana ko jAna se batAyA hai 120 vastutaH yaha prazna hI galata hai ki darzana 05 hai yA jJAna / jJAna aura darzana pRthaka nahIM hai| pratyuta dhAna aura darzana pratyakSIkaraNa kI kriyA kI do avasthAyeM yA aMga haiN| jJAna aura darzana TrmA kI do zaktiyAM haiN| athAta AtmA kI caitanya zakti hI zAna aura darzana ase pariNamana karatI hai| AtmA kI nirAkAra caitanyatA isake darzana kI avasthA hai aura AtmA kI sAkAra caitanya avasthA usake jJAna kI avasthA he 121 jAna prApti kI manovaijJAnika prakriyA ke anusAra bhI jJAna ke pUrva vastu kA eka sAmAnya grahaNa yA AtmA ko usa tu kI eka Antarika yA Atmagata / anubhati avazya hI hotI hai| isa prAthamika anubhUtti ke bAda hI vyakti usakA jJAna prApta karatA hai| binA ta Antarika anubhUti ke jise "darzana" kahA gayA, mAna hI utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / ataH jJAna ke pUrva darzana avazya hI hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha spaSTa mata hai ki jise mAna hotA hai use darzana avazya hotA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki darzana ho use Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jJAna bhI ho hI 122 hamAre bahuta se saMvedana yA anubhava isI prAthamika anubhUti ke stara ke hI bAda naSTa ho jAte haiN| mAna kA spa

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hu to vahI saMvedana le pAte haiM jo adhika tIvra hote haiM / darzana tabhI sabhya kahalAtA hai jabaki vaha yathArtha jJAnamUlaka hotA hai 133 samyagdarzana hI jJAna ke liye upayogI hotA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki cUMki jJAna aura darzana pratyakSIkaraNa kI prakriyA ke hI do aMga haiM isalie donoM meM atyanta ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai / jaisA ki mAila kahate haiM - pramANa aura naya jJAna ke svarUpa kA nizcaya hone para vastu kA nizcaya hotA hai aura vastu kA nizcaya hone para samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai 124 aba jJAna aura caritra ke saMbaMdha kA jaTila prazna AtA hai / jaina darzana meM AtmA kA zuddha jJAnabhAva hI usakA svabhAva hai tathA isI svabhAva kI prApti mokSa hai 1 25 jIva meM jo svabhAva siddha guNa hotA hai use yahAM svabhAva kahA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hApi jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnane para bhI saMsAra avasthA meM yaha guNa anAdi kAla se karmabanya AvAja se DhakA huA hai| karma kA kSayopazama hone para hI jJAna saMsArI jIvoM meM prakaTa hotA hai / isaliye jJAna jIva kA svAbhAvika guNa hote huye bhI arateefay aura kSAyika bhAva meM ginAyA gayA hai / dhavalA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki isa jJAna kI vRddhi aura hAni ke dvArA jo taratama bhAva hotA hai vaha niSkaraNa to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vRddhi aura hAni na hone se jJAna ke eka rUpasthita rahane kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| kintu ekampa se avasthita jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai / ataH jJAna pramANa meM hone vAlI vRddhi aura hAni ke sakAraNa ti ho jAne para usameM jo hAni ke taratama bhAva kA kAraNa hai, vaha AvaraNa karma hai, yaha sita ho jAtA hai 126 ater TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi karma ko jIva se saMbaddha na mAnA jAye to karma ke kArya mUrta zarIra se jIva kA saMbaMdha nahIM bana sakatA hai| jaisA ki arsar ne kahA thA vaise hI jayalA TIkA meM bhI kahA gayA ki yadi jIva

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kA karmoM ke sAtha anAdikAlIna saMbaMdha svIkAra na kiyA jAye to vartamAna kAla maiM jIva aura karmoM kA at it upalabdha hotA hai vaha nahIM bana sakatA 127 jIva kI yaha karmajanya avasthA kSAyopazamika jJAna rUpa hI hai / isa avasthA ko jIva kA svalakSya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / AtmA kI zuddha nAyakabhAva avasthA usakA svabhAva hai / ataH zuddha jIva ke lakSaNoM ke dvArA hI use grahaNa karanA cAhiye / SaDAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva ke pUrNasvabhAva kI prApti honI cAhiye kyoMki svabhAva vRddhi kA tAratamya pAyA jAtA hai jaise zukla pakSa ke candra maMDala kA 128 jo karmajIva se saMbaMddha haiM ye sahetuka hote haiM / yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to jo jIva nivyApAra haiM unako bhI karmabaMdhana hogA | karma kA kAraNa midhyAtva asaMcaya aura kanAya hai kyoMki samyakatva, saMcaya aura virAgatA kA jIvadravya ke avinAbhAvI jJAna kI vRddhi ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM hai isaliye ve jIva ke guNa rUpa se avagata haiM 129 kathAyeM jJAna kI virodhI haiM kyoMki kapAyoM kI vRddhi aura hAni se kramazaH jJAna kI vRddhi aura hAni pAI jAtI hai / pramAda va asaMcaya bhI jIvaguNa nahIM hai kyoMki ve kAyoM ke kArya hai / isa kAraNa jJAna, darzana, saMcaya, samyakatva, kSamA, mRdutA, ajiva, santoSa, virAga Adi svabhAva guNa haiM, yaha siddha hotA hai 130 mAila kA kahanA hai ki meM grotha Adi se bhinna eka paramatatva hU~, maiM kevala jJAtA hU~ / isa prakAra kI vara bhAvanA hone para AtmA paramAnandamaya hotA hai 131 kahane kA tAtparya hai ki jaba zuddha jJAtA rUpa lakSaNa pAlI AtmA ko grahaNa kara liyA to usake dhyAna ke liye isa prakAra kI bhedabhAvanA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai ki na maiM korUpa hU~ na mAnalpa hU~, na mAyArUpa hU~, na lobhapa hU~ aura na rAgAdirUpa hU~, ye saba to pudagala ke vikAra haiM, jaba taka isa prakAra kI bhedabhAvanA nahIM hotI taba taka jJAnAdi kI taraha krodhAdi ko bhI apanA svabhAva

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141 mAnakara rAgadveSa karatA hai / isa ajJAna kA nAza hone para hI AtmA paramAnaMda bhaya hotA hai| Age mAdallavala kahate haiM rAmAdi bhAvakama mere svabhAva nahIM payA ki vai to karmajanya haiM maiM to zAtA AtmA hU~ jo svasavedana ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai; adhAt isa prakAra bhAvanA meM nirantara lIna muniyoM meM hI caritra pAyA jAtA hai / AtmA ko jAna lene ke bAda jo usameM tallInatA bar3hatI hai usI kA nAma pastutaH paritra hai / yazovijaya jI kA kahanA hai ki jJAna meM jo samyakatva kA guNa hai yaha dhAraNa ke binA sampanna nahIM hotaa| saccaritra ke pAlana se hI jJAna meM samyakrama kA udaya hotA hai / jJAna kiyA nirapekSA hokara pala kA sApha nahIM ho sktaa| cAritra bala se vyakti apanI sAdhanA meM nirantara Age bar3hatA jaayegaa|" tAtparya yaha hai ki "svabhAva* ke gRhaNa aura "parabhAva ko tyAga se hI kamoM kA kSaya hotA hai| akAka ke mata meM AtmA ko do cIjeM bAMdhana meM DAlatI haiM eka to pAsanA yukta mithyAvAna aura dUsare aneka janmoM ke saMgRhIta kamapuNya / banameM se pRthma arthAt vAsanAyukta mithyAjJAna kA nAza to jJAna se ho jAtA hai kintu pUrva janmoM ke avaziSTa karma taba bhI raha jAte haiM jo ki AmA kI muvita meM bAyaka hote haiN| ataH una kamA~ ke kSaya ke liye caritra kA pAlana Avazyaka hai 134 nayA meM kahA gayA hai ki tapa se pUrvasaMcita phamA~ kA kSaya hotA hai| jJAna prakAzaka hai, tapa zodhaka hai aura saMcaya mukti karane vAlA hai / sAya hI, jJAna, tapa aura saMcaya ina tInoM ke milane para mokSa hotA hai aisA jina zAsana meM rahA gayA hai|35 sI meM Age kahA gayA hai ki zAyopazamikA jJAna ke naSTa ho jAne para aura anaMta mAna ke utpanna hone para devendra aura dAnapendra jina para kI pUSA karate haiM 16 nayacaka meM kahA gayA hai ki paritra se yuktta jIva meM parama tAraNya rUpa mokSa pAyA jAtA hai aura yaha parina nirantara bhAvanA meM lIna muni tamadAya meM

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pAyA jAtA hai 137 aMta meM, 'niSkarSa ke rUpa meM akAlavadeva kA yaha mata upayukta hI hai ki yapi tInoM shaan-drshn-pritr| maiM lakSaNa bheda haiM phira bhI tInoM milakara eka aisI Atmajyoti utpanna karate haiM jo akhaMDa bhAva se eka mArga bana jAtI hai / 38

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sandarbha aura TippaNI 1. satyArthadAnaM samyagdarzanam, tatvArthAti bhAga / pR0 276. 2. sarvArthasiddhi pU0 5. 3. jainanyANDavAca gAyA 73. 4. sarvArthasiddhi, pU0 5. 5. samyagiSTArthatatvayoH, tatyArthavAttika, pR0 276. 6. vahI, pR0 296, 21. 7. vahI, pU0 22-25. 8. vahIM, pU0 2660 9. jayazvanATIkA, pU0 380. 10. vahI, pR0 338. 11. GET, 90 337. 12. arardarf, 9.29, 31. 13. jayadhavalATIkA pU0 339. 14. tatyAtiki, gAtha bhAga eka, pU0 26-29. 15. vahIM, pU0 26-29. 16. rAdhA vArtika, bhAga 1, pU0 307samyagdarzana jJareafratrANi mokSamArgaH 17. tatvArthadhigama sUtra 1.1

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18. samyaktvamatyanavagADhamRte kilaiza damyAsatastu samayasya sudhAvagADham / art fe zodhakamu yathAjanaM syAdakSNo yathA ya pacasaH katakasyapUrNam / / jainanyAyakhaNDakhA gAthA 83. 19. sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 5. 20. jaina nyAyakhaNDakhAdya, zloka 85. 21. tatvAdhalokavAttika, bhAga 1, pU0 26-29. 22. vahI, pR0 67-68. 23. tatvAryapradAnasamyagdarzanam, vahIM 1.2 24. nayayaka, gAthA 178, 25. vahIM, gAthA 407, 408. 26. jayayavalaTIkA, pR0 56 57 58. 27. vahI, pR0 59. 28. SaTDAgama, pU0 1 18. 29. jayadhavalATIkA, pU0 60. 30. ghaDAgama, pR0 117. 31. nayacakU, gAthA 396, 397. 32. rAgAdi bhAvakammA manda sahAyANa kummaNA jaTamA / jo sarve gADI soyaM vAdA have AdA / / nayacaku, gAthA 406.

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145 33. ratAdagAtmamanana cinihanti mithyA bhAnaM savAsanumato na tadutthabandhaH / kamAntarakSayakAra tu para caritra 'nirbandhamAttha jina | sAdhu niyogam / / jainanyAya khAva, gAthA 78. 34 tatvAvAsika, bhAga / zaloka 65, 66. 35. vANaM pacAsa tayo torao saMjamoM pa guptidhrii| tipi samAjora mokkho jiNsAsaNe dinI / / navapaka, gAthA 120 36. uppaNambhi ati gammi ya chAdutthiye gANe / devidANapiMdA karoti pUrNa nirassa It vahI, gAthA 15. 37. mokyAta paramato jIve caritra sajade di / bhada jAibagge anya bhavaNAlINe / / vahI, gAthA 405. 38. tatvArthavAstika, bhAga 1, 65-66.

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aSTama adhyAya mithyAtva-siddhAnta 1. ayathArtha jJAna pramANa ke sAtha apramANa kA prazna saMlagna rahatA hai| pramANa kisI vastu ke vAstavika svarUpa kA nizcaya karatA hai aura mithyAtva se bhinna hotA hai / pramANa jJAna hai kyoMki yaha hameM eka vastu ko svIkAra yA asvIkAra karane meM samartha banAtA hai / / jJAna kI vaidhatA neya ko svIkAra karane para hai 12 jJAna kA apamANya isake viparIta hai athavA kSeya ko asvIkAra karane meM hai / ' pramANa jJAna anivArya se vaidha athavA nizcita hai kyoMki yaha samAropa kA virodhI hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki apAmANya vastutathya kA virodhI hai athavA aprAmANya samAropa hai / samAropa kA abhiprAya hai vastu jo nahIM hai use usa rUpa meM jAnanA / aprAmANya yA mithyA tva ke tIna rUpa haiM - saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya / saMzaya vahA hotA hai jahA~ una kaI pahaluoM ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai jinake viSaya meM abhI taka koI nizcaya nahIM ho sakA hai, kyoMki vahA~ arthAt una pahaluoM ke sandarbha meM na to virodhI tatva mila sake haiM aura na hI samarthaka tatva hI mina sake haiN| jaba do yA adhika saMbhAvanAyeM uThatI haiM aura hama isa sthiti meM nahIM hote 'ki isa pakSa meM nizcaya kareM athavA usa pakSaNa meM / yahI sthiti saMzaya kI sthiti hai / / udAharaNArtha yaha nizcaya na kara pAnA ki vaha eka mUrti hai athavA manuSya 18 bhama eka vastu kA usa rUpa meM jJAna hai jo vAstava meM vaha nahIM hai / bhama viparIta pratyakSa hai / isake udAharaNa haiM - sIpa meM rajata kA bodha honA / 10 eka mIThI vastu kA eka kar3avI vastu ke rUpa meM jJAna, cAma-vikRti ke kAraNa eka candramA do candramAoM ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3anA aura nAva kI gati ke kAraNa sthira vRkSa kA gatizIla vRkSa ke rUpa meM jJAna Adi / bhrama yA viparyaya vastu kA eka pahalU se 'nizcaya karanA hai jo ki vastu kI sampUrNatA ke jJAna se bhinna hai| kisI vastu ke anekoM pahaluoM meM se yadi vastu kA nirNaya dUsare pahaluoM ko nakArakara mAtra eka pahalU se kiyA jAtA hai to vaha jJAna viparyaya kahA jAyegA /

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eka saMzayAvasthA aura bhI hai - anadhyavasAya - anadhyavasAya kI sthiti smRti ke abhAva meM utpanna hotI hai| kisI paricita vastu para anamayaskatA ke kAraNa dhyAna na dene kI sthiti ko anadhyavasAya kahate haiM / / / yaha vastu kA eka prakAra kA nirvikalpa pratyakSA hai jisameM vastu ke viSaya meM viziSTa jJAna kA abhAva rahatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie pyAsa ke maidAna para calate hue manuSya kI vaha mAnasika sthiti jisameM use yaha anubhUti to hai ki pairoM ke nIce kucha hai kintu anamayaskatA ke kAraNa yaha dhyAna nahIM detA ki yaha kyA vastu hai aura usakA nAma kyA hai / 12 eka tathya vAstava meM jo vaha nahIM hai usa rUpa meM nizcita karane meM samAropa hotA hai| mithyAjJAna vastu ke svarUpa ko galata samajhanA hai| midhyAjJAna meM eka vastu vahA~ dekhI jAtI hai jahAM vaha nahIM hotii| bhAratIya darzana meM mithyAtva kI samasyA para atyanta vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA / pratyeka bhAratIya dArzanika sampradAyoM meM bhrama ke viSaya meM viziSTa 'siddhAnta haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya dAzInika mAnate haiM ki darzana kA Arambha bindu midhyAtva kA bodhA hai| ve kisI vastu ko usakI sampUrNatA meM jAnane kA prayAsa karate haiM aura mithyAtva ke nirAkaraNa ke mAdhyama se satya kI khoja karate haiN| satya kI khoja ke prayAsa meM mAnava jJAna meM asatya kA kucha aMdhA bhI anubhava dvArA avazya praviSTa hotA hai| vaijJAnika vidhi meM bhI bhrama kI saMbhAvanAyeM rahatI haiN| vaijJAnika khAjeM satya kA anveSaNa karate huye nirantara saMbhAvita muktiyoM kI khoja karatI rahatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kA koI bhI niSkarSa amekSika hI hotA hai| Age kI khojoM dvArA usameM parivartana kI nirantara saMbhAvanAyeM banI rahatI haiN| parsa ne una dArzanika siddhAntoM kI kahI AlocanA kI jo yaha socate the ki mAnava ko satya kA yathArthatA kA pUrNa jJAna hai / parsa kA yaha sujhAva hai ki jJAna kA anusaMdhAna karate samaya kisI vizvAsa ko jakar3e nahIM rahanA cAhiye / parsa ke anusAra asatya saMbhAvyatAvAda vaijJAnika vidhi se saMbaMdhita bhAti kI sNbhaavnaayeN| kA

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mukhya lakSya yaha spaSTa rUpa se pradarzita karanA hai ki ve kisa prakAra kI bAdhAyeM athavA bhrAMtiyA~ haiM jo vaijJAnika nirNaya meM rukAvaTa DAlatI haiM / bhrAMtiyoM kA patA lagane se ciMtana-paddhati parizodhita hotI hai / 13 yadi satya ko jAnane meM apanI indriyoM aura tArkika zaktiyoM para pUrNatayA vizvAsa kiyA jA sake, 'yadi isa bAta ko nizcita kiyA jA sake ki jJAna ko prApta karane ke sAtha hI satyatA kA nizcaya bhI ho jAtA hai to vastu kI vAstavika prakRti ko nizcita karane vAle sAdhana rUpa meM na to tarkazAstra aura na darzanazAstra hI saMbhava hotA / ataH susambaddha jJAna - siddhAntoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM bhrAMti kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / 14 jainadarzana ke mata meM ayathArtha jJAna kI utpatti meM mukhya hetu pramAtA yA jJAtA hI haiN| sabhI kucha milakara jJAtA ko bhrAMta kara dete haiM / yahA mAnA gayA hai ki sAdhanoM aura viSayoM meM doSa ho sakate haiM kintu yaha doSa AtmA kI mohAvasthA ke kAraNa hI kArya karate haiM / ataH AtmA jaba nirAkaraNa yA sarvatA kI avasthA meM hotI hai to usa samaya kisI prakAra ke bhrama kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI / ataH kevala jJAna hI abhrAMta jJAna hai| zeSa jJAna prakAroM meM jJAna kA vAstavika, pUrNa, sAmAnya svabhAva prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA / ataH bhrAMti pramAtA kI AvaraNa dazA meM hI saMbhava hai / yadyapi sabhI AtmAoM meM isa AvaraNavilaya kI yogyatA samAna hotI hai, kintu isa yogyatA kA samAna upayoga parilakSita nahIM hotA / yaha upayoga kI vividhatA bAhya aura Antarika sAdhanoM para nirbhara hai| vividhatA ke bAhya kAraNa haiM viSayabheda, indriya Adi sAdhana bheda aura dezakAla kA aMtara / AMtarika kAraNa hai jJAnoM ko Dhaka lene vAle AvaraNoM kI nyUnAdhikatA kA tAratamya | abhiprAya hai ki vADya aura Antarika ina sAdhanoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa hI jJAna meM aMtara AtA hai / jaba AvaraNa- vilaya nahIM hotA athavA alpamAtrA meM hotA hai aura bAhya-sAmagrI doSapUrNa hotI hai to ayathArtha jJAna hotA hai / 15

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JAJU bAhya sAmagrI kI doSapUrNatA jJAnAvaraNoM kI utpatti kA nimitta mAtra hI hotI hai / vastutaH ayathArtha yA bhrAta jJAna kI utpatti to pramAtA ke jJAnAvaraNajanya moha yA mar3hatA ke kAraNa hati hotI hai| sabhI doSa pramAtA ko mohAcchanna kara dete haiM athavA kahA jAye AtmA kI mohAvasthA ke kAraNa hI sakriya ho sakate haiM / ata: jainadarzana ke mata meM bhrAti meM mukhya kAraNa AtmA kI moha hI hai, bAkI doSa nimittamAtra hote haiN| vastu yathArtha hai, indriyA doSarati haiM phira jo bhrama hotA hai vaha pramAtA kA hI doSa hai| yadi sAdhana aura viSaya meM doSa hai to bhI vaha AtmA kI mohAvasthA ke kAraNa hI bhrama utpanna kara sakate haiN| ata: jainadRSTi se sabhI doSa AtmadoSa kI sahAyatA se hI bhrama utpanna kara sakate haiM / 16 jainadArzanika mithyAjJAna ko vibhAva jJAna kI saMjJA bhI dete haiN| mati, vata aura avadhi ina tIna jJAnoM kA ajJAna bhI mAnA gayA hai / 17 ajJAna kI avasthA meM ye kumati, kuzta aura vibhaMga jJAna kahe jAte haiM |18 abhiprAya hai ki mati, zrutta aura avadhi jJAna samyak bhI hote haiM aura mithyA bhii| 19 yahA prazna uThatA hai ki jisa bhAti samyagdRSTi mati, bhuta aura avadhi se sapAdi ko jAnatA hai usI taraha se mithyA dRSTi bhii| ataH jJAnoM meM mithyAdarzana se kyA bhrAti huI 1 2. ajJAna ke do prakAra yahA~ jJAna aura ajJAna ke viSaya meM jainoM kA apanA viziSTa dRSTikoNa sAmane AtA hai| jJAna aura ajJAna kA yahA~ do dRSTiyoM se 'vivecana kiyA gayA hai - AdhyAtmika dRSTi aura laukika dRSTi / AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke anusAra samyagdRSTi manuSya ke sabhI jJAna, jJAna hI haiM, kintu mithyAdRSTi vyakti kA sabhI jJAna ajJAna hI hai| umAsvAti ke mata meM vAstavika aura avAstavika kA aMtara na jAnane se yadRcchopalabdhi athavA vicArazUnya

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upalabdhi ke kAraNa unmatta kI taraha kA jJAna bhI ajJAna hI hai kintu samyagdRSTi kA sabhI jJAna to jJAna hI hai 120 umAsvAti kA yahI mata hai ki sat arthAt prazastatatvajJAna, asat arthAt ajJAna inameM 'mithyA dRSTi ko koI vizeSatA kA mAna nahIM hotaa| vaha kabhI sat ko atat aura asat ko sat kahatA hai| yadRcchA se sat ko sat aura asat ko asat kahane para bhI usakA yaha mithyAjJAna hI hai 127 Age vaha kahate haiM ki 'mithyAdRSTi jIva ke mithyAdarzana ke sAtha rahane ke kAraNa ina jJAnoM meM mithyAtva A jAtA hai jaise kar3avI tUmarI meM rakhA huA dUdha kar3avA ho jAtA hai| unake anusAra yaha zaMkA ucita nahIM hai ki jisa taraha maNi, suvarNaM gande sthAna meM giravAra bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate' upsI prakAra jJAna ko bhI apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3anA cAhiye ! kar3avI tUmarI ke samAna mithyAdarzana meM jJAna dUdha ko 'bigAine kI zacitta hai / yadyapi gande sthAna se maNi Adi meM vikRti nahIM hotI para anya dhAtu Adi ke samparka se suvarNa Adi bhI parivartita ho hI sakate haiM / 22 umAsvAti kA mata hai ki jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM - mokSAbhimukha aura sAsArAbhimukha / mokSAbhimukha jIva meM samabhAva kI mAtrA aura Atmaviveka hotA hai / isaliye ve apane sabhI jJAnoM kA upayoga samabhAva kI puSTi meM hI karate haiM / ata: unakA jJAna sAMsArika dRSTi se alpa hone para bhI jJAna hI hogaa| isake viparIta saMsArAbhimukha jIva kA jJAna samabhAva kA poSaka na hone ke kAraNa laukika dRSTi se kitanA hI adhika ho ajJAna hI kahA jAyegA kyoMki vaha satya aura asatya jJAna kA aMtara jAnane meM asamartha hotA hai| ataH uttakA sabhI jJAna ajJAna hI hogA / saMsArI jIva kI zraddhA viparIta aura samIcIna ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai / 'viparIta zraddhAvAle vyakti ko vizva kA yathArtha jJAna nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai jIva kI zraddhA ke anusAra jJAna kI samIcIna jJAna aura mithyAjJAna meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai|

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sArAMza yaha hai ki jisa prakAra samyagdRSTi vAlA vyakti cakSu ke dvArA vastuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, zuta ke dvArA padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura avadhi ke dvArA padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai usI prakAra 'mithyAdRSTi bhI grahaNa karatA hai kintu unmAda ke kAraNa vAstavika aura avAstavika kA aMtara nahIM samadA pAtA | rAgadveSa kI tIvratA aura AtmA kI kArapUrNa ajJAnAvasthA ke kAraNa vaha apane jJAna kA . upayoga sirpha sAMsArika pAsanA kI pUrti ke liye karatA hai, isaliye usakA sArA laukika jJAna AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ajJAna hI hai 125 yaha to jainoM kI ajJAna viSayaka apanI viziSTa AdhyAtmika Agamika dRSTi thI kintu yahA mukhya prayojana tArkika yA vyavahArika dRSTi se hai| tAki yA vyavahArika dRSTi se bhrama kA udAharaNa hai esI meM sarpa kA jJAna, sIpa meM cAMdI kA bhrama, mRgamarI cikA Adi / isa bhAga ke astitva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vivAda kA viSaya hai bhama kyA hai 1 bhama kI utpatti kaise aura kyoM hotI hai 1 Adi-Adi / 3. 'viparIta khyAtivAda bhrama yathArtha jJAna ke viparIta hai aura kyA hai tathA kyA nahIM hai isake bIca bheda karane meM asaphalatA hai| jaina AcArya vAdidevasUri ke mata maiM ma taba hotA hai jaba vastu kA eka pakSa se 'nizcaya yA nirUpaNa karate haiN| kisI vastu ke kaI aMga yA pakSa hote haiN| yadi inameM se kisI eka hI pakSa yA pahalU se vastu kA nirNaya karate haiM aura anyoM ko chor3a dete haiM taba vastu kA jJAna bhrama hogA / 24 udAharaNArtha dekhane para yaha nizcita karanA ki sIpa meM cAdI hai jabaki sIpa cAdI nahIM hai| sIpa ko yAdI ko rUpa meM samajhAne kI galatI karanA hI bhrama hai 125 jainoM kA bhrama viSayaka uparokta siddhAnta bhAratIya darzana meM viparIta khyAti

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nAma se prasiddha hai| kumArila aura naiyAyika bhI bhamaviSayaka viparIta khyAti siddhAnta ke samarthaka haiN| naiyAyikoM kA bhI kathana hai ki bhrama viSaya kA yathArtha rUpa prakAzita nahIM krtaa| aisA hotA hai ki adhore meM rassI ko sarpa samajha liyA jAtA hai, sIpa ko cAMdI samajha liyA jAtA hai| kintu yaha jJAna bhrama hai| yaha kaise patA calatA hai| yahA~ naiyAyika upayogitAvAdI dRSTikoNa apanAte huye kahate haiM ki bhrAMtiyAM hamAre udadezya kI pUrti karane meM asaphala hotI haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi kisI vastu ke jJAna ke AdhAra para usa vastu ke saMbaMdha meM koI kArya kiyA jAye aura ve kArya saphla nikale to usa jJAna ko yathArtha samajhanA cAhiye aura yadi vipalatA mile to use bhaMma samajhanA caahiye| jaise sIpa ko cAdI samajhakara uThAte haiM kintu uThAne para jJAta hotA hai ki vaha to mAtra sIpa thii| jainoM aura naiyAyikoM ke bhrama viSayaka isa viparIta khyAti siddhAnta kI mImAMsakoM aura advaitiyoM ne AlocanAyeM kii| mImAsakoM kA bhrama viSayaka siddhAnta 'vivekAkhyAti nAma se prasiddha hai / __jainoM kA mata hai ki bhrama viparIta khyAti meM hotA hai, arthAt bhrama pratyakSIkaraNa kI viSayavastu se 'viparIta vastu kA bhAvAtmaka pratyakSIkaraNa hai| bhrama meM kisI vastu kA jJAna usa rUpa meM prakaTa nahIM hotA jisa rUpa meM vaha hai balki usa rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai jaise ki vaha vastu nahIM hai / prAbhA kara mImAMsaka jainoM ke isa mata kI AlocanA karate huye kahate haiM ki bhrama eka viparIta vAstavika se| vastu kA bhAvAtmaka pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM hai balki 'vivekAkhyAti athAta bheda ke jJAna kA abhAva hai| yaha jJAna kA abhAvamAtra hai| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra pratyeka jJAna satya hotA hai| jise bhrama kahA jAtA hai vaha smRti doSa hai / bhatakAla meM dekhI gayI vastu jo vartamAnakAla meM smRti kA viSaya hotI hai use vartamAna meM bhI pratyakSa mAna liyA jAtA hai / arthAt smRti aura pratyakSA meM bheda kA anubhava nahIM kara pAte / bhrama bhAvAtmaka mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa nahIM balki abhAvAtmaka ajJAna

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ke kAraNa hotA hai| pratyakSa dekhe gaye tatva aura smaraNa kiye gaye tatva donoM hI satya hote haiM kintu donoM meM jo bheda haiM bhrama usakI AkhyAti yA bheda hai / 26 __jaina jo bhramAtmaka pratyakSA meM vaiparI tya kI bAta karate haiM to mImAMsaka pUchate haiM ki bhramAtmaka pratyakSa meM kyA vaiparItya hotA hai 1 mImAMsakoM ke mata meM svayaM bhaMma ke viSaya ko vAstavika viSaya se 'viparIta nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki isameM artha "kiyAkAritva nahIM hotA arthakriyAkAritva-naiyAyikoM ke mata meM satyatA kI kasauTI hai| / isake sAtha hI mImAsaka vastu kI vAstavikatA ko sadaiva usakI kriyAtmaka kSamatA para nirbhara nahIM mAnate / pAnI ke eka bulabule kA dRSTAnta diyA jA sakatA hai / vaha bulabulA jaise hI isa para havA bahatI hai naSTa ho jAtA hai / jisa kSaNa bulabule kA pratyakSa kiyA jAtA hai usa samaya usameM koI vyavahArika kSamatA nahIM hotii| havA usako naSTa kara detI hai aura usake pratyakSIkaraNa ke kucha samaya bAda bhI usameM koI kiyAtmaka kSamatA kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| bulabule meM koI kriyAtmaka kSamatA nahIM dikhAI par3atI phira bhI bulabulA vAstavika hai / ata: kriyAtmaka kSamatA kI anubhUti aura anAnubhUti ke AdhAra para sattA ke viSaya meM tarka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA 127 __jainoM kA yaha kathana ki bhramAtmaka vastu vAstavika vastu ke viparIta hai isakI bhI mImAsaka AlocanA karate haiN| mImAMsakoM kA kahanA hai ki bhUma ke viSaya ko 'viparIta nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki hamArA pratyakSIkaraNa use aisA hI prastuta karatA hai| yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki kaise kisa pratyakSIkaraNa meM bhrama kA viSaya vAstavika viSaya se viparIta pratIta hotA hai| nizcita hI svayaM bhramAtmaka pratyakSIkaraNa meM nhiiN| bhrama kA jahA~ taka saMbaMdha hai pratyeka pratyakSIkaraNa apane viSaya ko vAstavika sA prastuta karatA hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bhrama pUrvavatI jJAna dvArA asatya siddha kiyA jAtA hai| pUrvajJAna bhama ke pUrvavartI jJAna ke rUpa meM uttaravatI ko galata siddha nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki jabaki pahale vAlA jJAna mastiSka meM hotA hai to bAda vAlA utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / na hI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvajJAna bhrama ke sahavatI ke rUpa meM ise asatya siddha karatA hai kyoMki jJAna ke do prakAroM meM saha astitva honA

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siddha kiyA jAtA hai| vaha uttaravatI jJAna jo apane viSaya ke liye viparIta tathya rakhatA hai pUrvabhama ko galata siddha karatA hai to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saba uttaravartI jJAna sabhI pUrvavartI jJAna kI bhramAtmaka vizeSatAoM ko siddha karate haiN| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki saba uttaravatI jJAna pUrvavatI jJAna kI asatthatA siddha karate haiM, kintu eka uttaravatI pratyakSIkaraNa jo pUrvavatI pratyakSIkaraNa kA bAdhaka hai pUrvavatI jJAna ke bhramAtmaka svarUpa ko siddha karatA hai| prazna hai ki yaha bAdhAka kyA hai ? yadi bAdhAka se tAtparya mAtra anyatva yA bhinnatA hai to eka uttaravatI asatya jJAna ko pUrvavartI bhrama ke bhramAtmaka svarUpa ko avazya siddha karanA par3egA kyoMki uttaravartI asatya jJAna pUrvabhrama anivAryataH bhinna hai| eka uttaravatI bhrama bAdhaka aura pUrvabhrama ko asatya siddha karane vAlA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / punaH yadi bAdhaka se tAtparya haiM 'nirAkaraNa sthAnAntaraNa yA pRthakkaraNa to ghar3A kA uttaravatI pratyakSIkaraNa kapar3e ke pUrvavartI pratyakSIkaraNa ke viruddha kahA jAnA cAhiye 128 prAmAkaroM ke uparyukta vicAroM kA jaina isa bhAti uttara dete haiN| prazna uThatA hai - eka bhramAtmaka pratyakSA meM kyA vaiparItya hotA hai 2 jaina kahate haiM ki vaiparItya vastu jaisI hai usake pratyakSIkaraNa se bhinna eka pratyakSIkaraNa meM hotA hai| eka sIpa cAdI kI taraha kucha cIja hai punaH kucha aisI vastu hai jo isase bhinna hai| bhrama meM sIpa eka sIpa ke rUpa meM pratyakSa nahIM hotI varan eka bhinna tarIke meM pratyakSI hotI hai - rajata ke rUpa meM pratyakSa hotI hai 129 prazna uThatA hai paise, 'kisa pratyakSIkaraNa meM bhrama kA viSaya vAstavika viSaya se viparIta pratIta hotA hai 1 jaina isakA uttara isa prakAra dete haiM eka uttaravatI jJAna jo bhramAtmaka pratyakSa ko isake nirAkaraNa dvArA bAdhita karatA hai spaSTa karatA hai ki pUrvavatI pratyakSIkaraNa bhama thA / 'nirAkaraNa kA yahA abhiprAya pRthvaMsa nahIM hai sudhAra hai| yaha jAnanA hai ki jise hamane pahale rajata ke rUpa meM pratyakSIkRta kiyA vaha vastuta: rajata nahIM thaa| isa prakAra nirAkaraNa bhrama ke viSaya kI asatyatA ke jJAna meM hotA hai|

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jaina dikhAte haiM ki bhrama meM pratyakSIkaraNa kI viSayavastu vAstava meM sIpa hai, jisakA ki vAstavika rUpa chipA huA hai tathA vaha eka dUsare rUpa ko grahaNa kiye hotI hai / bhramAtmaka pratyakSa meM jahA~ eka ora sIma meM viziSTatA nahIM dikhAyI par3atI vahA~ dUsarI aura sIpa aura cAMdI meM jo sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM haiM jaise camaka Adi, vaha hI dikhAI par3atI hai, jo cAMdI kI dhAraNA ko jAgRta kara detI hai, tathA pratyakSIkaraNa ke viSaya para cAMdI ke rUpa ko Aropita kara detI hai 130 prAbhAkara kahate haiM ki bhrama pratyakSa ke viSaya aura smRti meM bheda ke abhAva kA anubhava hai / isakI AlocanA karate huye jaina kahate haiM ki bheda kA kyA artha hai ? kyA yaha ananubhUti niSedhAtmaka pratyakSIkaraNa hai yA abheda / pratyakSa aura smRti ke AdhArA kA bhAvAtmaka pratyakSIkaraNa hai / prAbhAkaroM ke mata ke saMdarbha meM pahalI sthiti saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki unake mata meM abhAvAtmaka kA koI pratyakSIkaraNa nahIM ho sakatA / prAbhAkara dUsarI sthiti ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kara sakate kyoMki yaha sthiti unheM viparIta khyAti mata ke nikaTa pahuMcA degI / unake vicAra meM bheda kI ananubhUti na hone kA mAtra tAtparya hai cAMdI aura sIpa kI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa 131 jaina kahate haiM ki prAbhAkaroM kA uparyukta vicAra unakI sahAyatA nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki hamAre satya pratyakSIkaraNa meM bhI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa zAmila hai / udAharaNArtha sIma ko sIpa ke rUpa meM pratyakSa hotA hai jo sIpa aura cA~dI donoM meM sAmAnya hai | 32 prAbhAkara isake uttara meM kahate haiM ki sIpa ke eka vAstavika yA satya pratyakSIkaraNa meM isakI sAmAnya bAtoM ke atirikta isakI viziSTatAoM ko bhI dekhate haiM / jaina isakA bhI khaMDana karate huye kahate haiM ki prAbhAkaroM kA yaha mata dikhAtA hai ki sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA ekAkI pratyakSIkaraNa kabhI nahIM hotA aura pratyeka pratyakSIkaraNa meM sAmAnya bAtoM ke atirikta vastu kI viziSTatAyeM bhI hotI haiM / taba bhrama kaise ho sakatA hai jo ki prAbhAkaroM ke anusAra kisI bhI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa mAtra se hotA hai /

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Age jainoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki prAmAkaroM kA yaha mata bhI sahI nahIM hai| pratyakSIkaraNa aura smaraNa kI donoM prakriyAyeM svayaM cetana prakriyAyeM haiN| jainoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi aparokSa pratyakSA aparokSa pratyakSa ke rUpa meM anubhUta huA aura smaraNa smaraNa ke rUpa meM to vahA bhrama kaise ho sakatA hai| yadi yaha kahA gayA ki / bhrama taba utpanna hotA hai jaba pratyakSa kA tatva smRti ke tatva ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai athavA jaba smRti kA tatva pratyakSa ke tatva ke rUpa meM utpanna huA, kyoM ki taba to jainoM ke mata meM bhrama kA yaha siddhAnta vyavahArika rUpa se viparIta khyAti hai| isI bhAti viparIta khyAti aura advaitavAdiyoM meM bhI bhrama ke viSaya meM tarka-vita huA / viparIta khyAti kI AlocanA karate huye advaitavedAntI kahate haiM 'ki kisI anya sthAna-kAla meM upasthita cAMdI isa samaya indriya pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki yaha isa samaya indriyoM ke samakSa prastuta nahIM hai| abhiprAya hai ki vartamAna samaya aura sthAna meM bhatakAla ke viSaya kA pratyakSa saMbhava nahIM hai| inake mata meM yadi zIpa cAdI se bilkula bhinna hai to usake sAtha tAdAtmya kaise ho sakatA hai / viparItakhyAti meM bAhya vastuoM kA laukika aura alaukika rUpoM meM vibhAjana nahIM hai| yahA~ bAhya vastuoM kA jJAna saMbhava hai| ataH anivacanIyakhyAtivAda saMbhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI viparItakhyAtivAda ke anusAra bAhya vastuyeM pUrNarUpa se jJAnarUpa' yA zUnyarUpa yA pUrNarUpa se sat nahIM hai| ataH yahA AtmakhyAti, sakhyAti aura asatyA ti bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| viparyaya kA abhiprAya hai anya AdhAra meM anya pratyaya kA honA / sIpa meM sIpa kA hI pratyaya aviparIta pratyaya hai jabaki rajata kA pratyaya viparIta pratyaya / mana meM vidyamAna yA utpanna cAdI ko bAhya vastu meM dekhanA hI yahA bhrama hai / 35 akalaMka kI yuktiyoM ke AdhAra para vidyAnandi ne bhramajJAna kA bhI prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| indriya doSa ke kAraNa do candramA dikhAyI dene meM saMkhyAza ke

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viSaya meM visaMvAda hone ke kAraNa saMkhyAjJAna apramANa hai kintu candra ke svarUpAza meM tatvajJAna samyagjJAna avisaMvA di hone se usa aMza meM jJAna pramANa hI hai / ataH aikAntika rUpa se koI bhrama bhrama nahIM kahA jA sakatA 134 yadi kisI jJAna meM prAmANya aura aprAmANya niyata nahIM hai taba eka jJAna ko pramANa aura dUsare jJAna ko apamANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prazna ke uttara meM akalaMka ne kahA ki saMvAda yA visaMvAda kI mAtrA se prAmANya aura aprAmANya kA nizcaya hotA hai / jisa jJAna meM saMvAda kI apekSA visaMvAda kI mAtrA adhika hogI use apramANa kahA jAtA hai jaise kastUrI dRvya meM spazAdi guNoM kI apekSA gadhA guNa kI mAtrA adhika hone se vaha gaMdhadravya kahA jAtA hai vaise hI bhramajJAnoM meM saMvAda kI apekSA visaMvAda kI mAtrA adhika hone se vyavahAra meM unheM apramANa kahA jAtA hai 135 eka anya dRSTi se bhI bhrama meM prAmANya aprAmANya kA vicAra ho sakatA hai| svaprakAzAvAdI jainadRSTi se sabhI jJAna svaparasave di hai / ataH ve svAza meM pramANa aura parAzA meM apramANa haiN| jJAna kI bAhya aura AMtarika vaidhAtA svIkAra kara ke jainoM ne mImAMsA dArzanikoM ke siddhAnta kA virodha kiyA hai 136 yaha jJAna ke vAstavavAdI siddhAnta kI ora saMketa karatA hai aura yaha siddha karatA hai ki sabhI pramANa jJAna hai kintu sabhI jJAna pramANa nahIM hai| eka indriyAnubhati taba taka prAmANika hai jaba taka vaha tatsaMbaMdhI vyavahAra meM upAdeya banI rahatI hai| sAmane jala hai| yaha jalasaMbaMdhI indriyAnubhati taba taka satya hai jaba taka usase pyAsa bujha sakatI hai athavA usakI anya prakAra se puSTi hotI rahatI hai 137 isa prakAra pratyeka tatva kI vaidhatA vyavahAragata upAdeyatA kI viSaya hai| hA jaina isa parata: prAmANya nirNaya ko sarvathA satya svIkAra nahIM krte| jaise-jaise jJAna kI sArvabhaumikatA meM vikAsa hotA jAhA hai parata: prAmANya svataH prAmANya meM badalatA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainoM ko parataH aura svata: donoM hI prAmANya mAnya hai /

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159 4. jainamata aura pAzcAtya mithyA siddhAnta jainoM kA mithyA tvasiddhAnta pAzcAtya darzana meM tathA vAstavavAdI bhAMtisiddhAnta ke kAphI samIpa pratIta hotA hai / mATegyU bhamAna kI vyAkhyA bhautika aura pArIrika sthitiyoM kI sahAyatA se kisI Atmagata hastakSepa ke binA karate haiN| jJAna kI sthiti kI kalpanA mATegyU meM eka jJAnamImAsIya trikoNa ke rUpa meM kI hai| jisake tIna koNa haiM - vAstavika vastu, utpanna kI gayI mAnasika sthiti, pratyakSIkRta vastu / dUsarI sthiti tIsarI sthiti se avagata karAtI hai| sAmAnya sthiti meM yadi vAstavika bAhya vastu dvArA vahI prabhAva utpanna kiyA gayA hai taba usa prabhAva se ApAdana dvArA yathArtha rUpa se usake kAraNa ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA pratyakSIkRta vastu aura vAstavika vastu eka sI hogii| kintu aisA ho sakatA hai ki vibhinna 'sthitiyoM meM vahI prabhAva vibhinna kAraNoM se ho / vaisI sthiti meM donoM anivArya rUpa se eka nahI haiM aura bhrama utpanna ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra mATegyU ke anusAra bhama kI utpatti prabhAvoM kI viparItatA se hotI hai / ataH mATegyU ke anusAra bhrama mastiSka ke galata saMketa dene meM nihita hotA hai, jo vibhinna bhautika vastuoM dvArA vibhinna bhautika aura zArIrika sthitiyoM meM utpanna hotA hai yA ho sakatA hai| eka mur3I huI char3I ko jo jamIna para par3I hai sAmAnya zArIrika paristhitiyoM meM eka mAnasika sthiti utpanna karatI hai jo vahI zArIrika paristhitiyoM meM eka Azika rUpa se pAnI ke aMdara DUbI char3I ke dvArA bhI utpanna kI jAtI hai| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM hamArA mastiSka bAhya kAraNa ke rUpa meM eka mur3I huI char3I kI mAnasika sthiti se saMcAlita hotA hai| pahalI sthiti jJAna kI sthiti hogI aura dUsarI sthiti bhrama kI sthiti hogii| 39 holTa ke anusAra bhama isa vastugata jagata meM vidyamAna virodhI tathyoM aura niyamoM ke kAraNa hai| unake anusAra eka niyama kahatA hai Upara dUsarA kahatA hai nIce

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LUU aura yahA~ taka ki eka niyama dUsare ke prabhAva ko zUnya kara detA hai / virodha jise AtmavAdI jJAna athavA jJAtA kA guNa mAnate haiM vastujagata kA eka tathya hai / sAdhAraNa vyakti ko eka bhramAtmaka vastu vastu-jagata meM vidyamAna hai yaha socane meM jo kaThinAI hotI hai use holTa isa prakAra samajhAte haiM - udAharaNa ke liye, eka vastu meM kucha sthAyI aparivartanazIla guNa hai jo sabhI sthitiyoM meM usameM rahate haiM, yahA" prazna uThAyA jAyegA, kaise vahI char3I sIdhI aura mur3I huI donoM ho sakatI hai kyoMki sAmAnya vyakti yahI socatA hai ki char3I meM kevala eka vizeSatA honI cAhiye jo eka sAmAnya pratyakSIkaraNa meM prakaTa huyI / holTa cetanA ke siddhAMta se samajhAte haiM ki bhautika jagata meM donoM virodhI guNa hote haiM tathA viziSTa paris-i thatiyoM meM jJAtA unameM se kevala eka cunatA hai / vastu aura astitva ke viSaya meM vicAra karate huye holTa isa prazna kA uttara dete haiM ki kaise do virodhI vastuyeM vAstavika ho sakatI haiM yadi ve vastugata haiM 1 holTa kahate haiM ki donoM vastuyeM vAstavika nahIM hai yadyapi donoM vastugata haiM / vAstavika aura vastugata honA eka nahIM hai / udAharaNArthaM darpaNa meM dikhAyI dene vAlA pratibimba vastugata hai kintu vAstavika nahIM / isI prakAra mithyA hone kA abhiprAya Atmagata honA nahIM hai / sabhI vastuyeM jo jJAna kI viSaya haiM astitvayukta haiM / mAtra astitvayukta vastu ke viSaya meM vAstavikatA kA koI prazna nahIM uThatA / jaba unake viSaya meM koI kathana svIkAra karate haiM taba satyatA aura asatyatA kA prazna uThatA hai / vibhinna prakAra ke bhramoM kA vistAra pUrvaka vizleSaNa karate huye holTa dikhaanubhavoM kI vyAkhyA ataH yaha socanA / lAte haiM ki bhrama Atmagata nahIM hai / sabhI prakAra ke bhramAtmaka bhautika aura zArIrika paristhitiyoM dvArA kI jA sakatI hai galata hai ki bhrama jJAtA mastiSka dvArA utpanna kiye jAte haiM / dUsare vicAra kA niSedha karatA hai na kama na adhika mahatvapUrNa hai eka vicAra jo / holTa yahA~ taka

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kahate haiM ki bhrama kI samasyA jJAna kI samasyA meM kisI bhI prakAra zAmila nahIM hai / Age isa kathana kI vyAkhyA karate huye holTa kahate haiM ki eka bhrama kA anubhava karanA mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai tathA paribhASA se saba bhrama jJAna haiM kyoMki virodha bhrama kahA jAtA hai jaba yaha kisI vyakti kI cetanA ke kSetra meM prApta hotA hai / vAstavika samasyA virodha hai 1 40 -----:: 0 ::-----

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sandarbha aura TippaNI 1. abhimatAnabhimata vastusvIkAra tiraskArakSayaM hi pramANam, ato jJAnamevedam pramANanayatatvalo kAlaMkAra, vAdidevasUri aMgrejI anuvAdaTIkAsahita DA0 harisatya bhaTTAcAryA, jaina sAhitya vikAsamaMDala, bambaI, 1967, 1.3 2. jJAnasya prameyANyabhicAritvaM prAmANyam / vahI, 1.18 3. saditaratvAprAmAvyam / vahI, 1.19 4. tadvyavasAyasvabhAvaM samAropaparipanthitvAt prayANatvAda vA / vahI, 1.6 5. atasmiMstadadhyavasAyaH samAropaH / vahI, 1.7 6. sa viparyayasaMzayAnadhyavasAyabhedAt zredhA vahI, 1.8 7. sAdhakabAdhakapramANAmAvAdanavasthitAnekako TisaMspa vijJAnaM saMzayaH / vahI, 1.11 8. yathAyaM sthAguvA puruSA veti / vahI, 1.12 9. viparItaikako TiniSTaMkanaM viparyayaH / vahI, 1.9 10. yathAzuktikAyAmidaM rajatamiti / vahI, 1.10 11. kimityAlocanamAtramanadhyavasAyaH / vahIM, 1. 13

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12. yathA gacchatastRNasparzajJAnam / vahI, 1.14 13. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Hartshome, Caud weiss P (Eds), Cambridge, Harward University Press, Vol. 5, Paragraph 6, 13 and Vol. 4 Paragraph 62. 14. tatvArthapokavArtika, pRSTha 256. 15. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 242. 16. tatvAvalokavArtika, pRSTha 256. 17. tatvArthasUtra, / .16 18. niyamasAra, gAthA, 11, 12 19. matibhutAvadhayo viparyayazca / tatvArthasUtra, 1.3 / 20. vahI, / / 21. sadasatoravizeSAghaTTacchApalabsanyattapat / vahI, 1.32 22. vahI, 1.31.1

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23. vahI, I. 32. 33 24. pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, 1.9 25. vahI, 1.10 26. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 53. pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, pRSTha 38 27. pramANanayatatvalo kAlaMkAra, pRSTha 39 28. vahI, pRSTha 40-41. 29. vahI, pRSTha 43. 30. vahI, pRSTha 43, 44. 31. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 53, 56 32. pramANanayatatvalokAlaMkAra, pRSTha 44, 45, 46, 47 33. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 5 nyAyabhaSaNa, zrI AcArya bhAsarvajJa, svAmI

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34. aSTazatI, pRSTha 101 35. vahI, pRSTha 101 36. nyAyAvatAravArtivRtti, pRSTha 169 37. parIkSAmukha, pRSTha 45 38. parIkSAmukha, 1.13 pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.8 pramANanayatatvalo kAlaMkAra, 1.21 39. The Chief currents of contemporary Philosophy * Dr. Dhirendra Mohan Dutta, Calcutta University Press. 1950. Chapter VI Realism, The Neo-Realistic Theory of error, page 330. 40. vahI 101:

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sumii s'hii nyAyavinizciyavivaraNa, vAdirAjasUri, bhAga eka, saM0 40 mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1949. samayasAra, kuMdakuMda, raMga ke. e. cakravatI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI. savArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda, saM. paM. phUlacandra siddhAntAlaMkAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1955. tatvArthasUtra, umAsvAti, vivecanakattA 40 sakhalAla jI saMdhvI, bhArata jaina mahAmaMDala, vadhA, 1932. nayacaka mAilladhAvala, saM0 40 kailAzayandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana. 6. tatvArthavArtika, do bhAga, akalaMka, saM00 mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1953. jaina nyAyakhaMDakhAdha, yazo vijaya, 'siMdhI jaina gaMdhamAlA, 1953. pramANanayatatvalo kAlaMkAra, vA didevasUri, aMgrejI anuvAda, kAlidAsa bhaTTAcArya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI / nyAyAvatAravA tika, siddhasena, siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, baMbaI, 1949. parIkSAmukha, mANikyanandi, senTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1940. 10. savArthasiddhi pUjyapATha saM0 40 mahendrakumAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1955. kaSAyapAdur3a, jayadhvalATIkA sahita, zrI guNaghaTa AcArya, TIkA zrI vIrasena, saM0 40 phUlacandra, mahendrakumAra, paM0 kailAzacandra, maMgI prakAzana vibhAga, bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA, 1944.

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pan 12. paTakhaMDAgama kRtianuyogadrAra sUtra, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina, seTha zitAbarAya, lakSmI vindu, amarAvatI, 1949. bhagavatI sUtra. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana - 40 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, zrIsanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966. jaina nyAya, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1966. paMcAritakAya samayasAra, kuMdakaMda, nirNayasAgara pesa, baMbaI, 1916. . . 'niyamasAra, kuMdakuMda, jainagraMtha ratnAkara, baMbaI, 1916. 18. pravacanasAra, kuMdakUda brahmasUtra zAkarabhASya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1963. dArzanika traimA sika, varSa 24, aMka 4, akTUbara 1978, akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSada . pravaNaM sUktaM, jinendravarNI, sarvasevA saMgha, banArasa. bhAratIya darzana, do bhAga, DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana, elana aura anvina, laMdana. pUrva aura pazcima kucha vicAra, DA0 rAdhAkRSNan. tatvAthI dhigama sUtra, umAsvAti, saM0 je0ela0 jainI, senTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa. nyAyakamadacandra, akalaMka kI ladhI yA gama para TIkA, pramAcandra, saM0 40 mahendrakumAra jaina, mAnikacandra digambara jaina sIrIja, baMbaI, 1938.

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26. aSTasAhastrI, akalaMka kI aSTamAtI para TIkA, vidyAnandi, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 1915. pramANanaya tatvalokAlaMkAra, vAdidevasUri, jaina sAhitya vikAsamaMDala, baMbaI, 1967. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, mANikyanandi kI parIkSA mukha para TIkA) pRmAcandra, nirNayasAgara preta, baMbaI, 1969. tatvAvalokavAttika, 'vidyAnandi, nirNayAsAgara pesa, baMbaI, 1918. syAdavAdamaMjarI, matilasena, baMbaI saMskRta aura prAkRta sIrIja, 1933. pramANamImAMsA, anuvAda aura TIkA satkAri mukhajI, tArA pablikezana, vArANasI, 1970. 32. takazAstra kA paricaya, hindI anuvAda, pro0 saMgamalAla pANDeya aura gorakhanAtha mizra, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1962. 33. vRhadAraNyakopaniSada / 34. chAMdogya - upaniSada / 35. muNDakopaniSada / 36. Atreya, B.L., An Introduction to Purapsychology. The International Student publication, Banaras, 1957. 37. As squoli, Roberto, Psychosynthesis, A Manual of Principles and Techeniques, Hobbs Dorman and Company, New York, 1965. 38. Blackwood, R.T. and Herman, A.L., Editor, Problems in Philosophy East and West,

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169 39 Barlingey. S.S., An Introduction to India logic, second edition, National Publishing House, 40. Chisholm, R.M., The theory of Knowledge, Prentice Hall, 1977. Coffen and Wartofsky, Editor, Posten Studies in Philosophy of Science Vol. II, Humanities Press, New York, 1965. 42. Dasgupta, S.N., The History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. II, Cambridge University Press, 1923. 43. Edwards, P., Editor-in-chief, The Encyclopediea of Philosophy, Macmillan Publishing Company and the Freepress, New York, 1967. Flew, A., Editor, An Enquiry conceming Human Understanding by David Hume, First Callier books, New York, 1962. 45. Hagck, S., Philosophy of Logic. 46. Harrey R., The Philosophies of Science, An Intro ductory Survey, Oxford University Press. 47. Kalgathai, T.H., Some Problems in Jaina Psychology. Karnatak University, Darwar, 1961. 48. Kempsmith, N., English Translation Critique of Pure Reason by J. Kant, Macmillan, London, 1956. 49. Moore, G.E., Philosophical Studies, The nature and reality of objeet of perception, Routledge and Kegen Paul Ltd.

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170 50. Mundle, C.W.K., Perception, Facts and Theories, Oxford University Press, 1971. 51. Russell, B., Human Knowledge, its scope and limit, Allen and Unwin, London, 1963. 52. Russell, B., An outline of Philosophy, Allen and Unwin, 1963. 53. Russell, B., History of western Philosophy, 1946. 54. Russell, B., Our Knowledge of the External world, 55. Runes, D.D., Editor, Dictionary of Philosophy Philosophical library, New York, 1942. 56. Reichenback, H.. The theory of Relativity and A. Priori Knowledge, University of California Press, 1965. 57. Sprott. W.J.H.. Translation of New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis by s. Frued, IIIrd Edition, Nogarth Press, London and The Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1946. 58. Stebbing, L.S., A Modem Elementary knowledge revised by 59. Mundle, C.W.K., University Paperback, London. 60. Swinburne, A., The justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, 1974. Schilpp. P.A., Editor Philosopher Scientist, II Edition Tudor Publishing Company, New York, 1957.

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171 62. Wornock, C... Pleto Eaitor Philosophy of Perception, Oxford reading in Philosophy. 1967. 63. Wittgenstein, L., Tractatus Logico Philosophicus, London, 1962. 64. Akalauka's Criticism to Dharmakirti's Philosophy. I..D. Institute of Indology, Attemdabad, 1967.