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t P. 45. A. 1. S. 18.
The stock instances given by almost all the rhetoricians of note are given by below:गङ्गायां घोषः (a herd-station on the Ganges) is an instance in point. Fat: afaafa ( spears enter) is another stock instance. Here it is absurd to say that a cow-pen of a village stands on the surface of the Ganges. The original or expressed sense of the word, therefore, must be set aside. Similarly spears, of their own accord, can not enter; the original sense of the word a (spear), therefore, must be set aside. Then on the strength of the relation of nearness and association respectively the senses of the bank of the river Ganges' and 'persons with spears in hand' must be taken as indicated; now what is the object of this round-about process? The object in the case of is to show that the village is sacred, cool and so on, owing to the vicinity of the holy river Ganges; and in the case of gat faaf the object is to show the fierceness of the persons with spears in their hands. If this or indicated sense would have not been resorted to, simple sentences such as गङ्गातटे घोषः and कुन्तधारिणः पुरुषाः प्रविशन्ति would have been used; but then the purpose of suggesting sacredness and fierceness would never been served.
FA's classification of is sixfold. He first divides लक्षणा into शुद्धा and गौणी and divides शुद्धा into उपादान and लक्षण.
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