Bharatiya Sanskruti ke Multattva Sambandhit Aalekh

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004424/1

Page #1
prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA- 56 | DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgaha bhAga-6 ContestyleteneAlistA ceri ttner DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

Page #2
samarpaNa pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI vallabhaku~varajI ma.sA. , pa. pU. sevAmUrti zrI pAnaku~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.adhyAtma rasikA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.

Page #3
puNya smRti sva. zrImatI kamalAbAI jaina patni : DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina janma : mArca 1934, phAlguna pUrNimA dehavilaya : di. 8 akTUbara 2014, zarada pUrNimA

Page #4
_

Page #5
prAcya vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka - 56 sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga - 6 bhAratIya saMskRti se sambaMdhita Alekha bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Apura* U prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.) (1)

Page #6
prAcya vidyApITha graMthamAlA kramAMka - 56 sAgaramala jaina Alekha saMgraha bhAga -6 bhAratIya saMskRti se sambaMdhita Alekha bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva lekhaka : DaoN. pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) phona naM. 07364 - 22218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com . prakAzana varSa 2014-15 kApIrAiTa - lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina mUlya - rupae 200/ sampUrNa seTa (lagabhaga 25 bhAga) - 5000/ mudraka - AkRti oNphaseTa, naI peTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.)

Page #7
prakAzakIya - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina vidyA evaM bhAratIya vidyAoM ke bahuzruta vidvAna haiN| unake vicAra evaM Alekha vigata 50 varSoM se yatratatra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM aura saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI ke vibhinna graMthoM kI bhUmikAoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita hote rahe haiN| una sabako ekatrita kara prakAzita karane ke prayAsa bhI alpa hI hue haiN| prathamataH unake lagabhaga 100 Alekha sAgaramala jaina abhinaMdana graMtha meM aura lagabhaga 120 Alekha - zramaNa ke vizeSAMkoM ke rUpa meM 'sAgara jaina vidyA bhAratI' meM athavA 'jaina dharma evaM saMskRti' ke nAma se sAta bhAgoM meM prakAzita hue haiN| kiMtu DaoN. jaina ke lekhoM kI saMkhyA hI 320 se adhika haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta tathA jaina dharma aura saMskRti se sambaMdhita aneka graMtha kI vistRta bhUmikAeM bhI likhI haiN| unakA yaha samasta lekhana prakIrNa rUpa se bikharA par3A hai| viSayAnurUpa usakA saMkalana bhI nahIM huA hai, unake aneka graMtha bhI aba punaH prakAzana kI apekSA rakha rahe haiM, kiMtu chaha-sAta hajAra pRSThoM kI isa vipula sAmagrI ko samAhita kara prakAzita karanA hamAre lie sambhava nahIM thAsAdhvIvaryA saumyaguNA zrI jI kA sujhAva rahA ki prathama krama meM unake vIkIrNa AlekhoM ko hI eka sthAna para ekatrita kara prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| unakI yaha preraNA hamAre lie mArgadarzaka banI aura hamane DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke AlekhoM ko saMgrahita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kArya bahuta vizAla hai, kiMtu jitanA sahaja rUpa se prApta ho sakegA- utanA hI prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA jaaegaa| aneka prAcIna patra-patrikAeM pahale hAtha se hI kampoja hokara priMTa hotI thI, sAtha hI ve vibhinna AkAroM aura vividha prakAra ke akSaroM se mudrita hotI thI, unasaba ko eka sAija meM aura eka hI phaoNNTa meM prakAzita karanA bhI kaThina thA- ataH unako punaH prakAzita karane hetu unakA punaH TaMkaNa.evaM pharIDiMga Avazyaka thaa| hamAre punaH TaMkaNa ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA zrI dilIpa nAgara ne evaM prupha saMzodhana ke kArya meM sahayoga kiyA- zrI caitanya jI sonI evaM zrI narendra jI gaur3a hama inake evaM mudrAMka AkRti oNphaseTa ujjaina ke sAtha-sAtha ina sabhI ke AbhArI haiN| nareMdra jaina evaM TrasTa maNDala prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura ( 3 )

Page #8
viSaya sUcI bhAratIya saMskRti se sambaMdhita Alekha bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva -- la / bhAratIya saMskRti kI jIvana-dRSTi (pR. 5 - 16) bhAratIya saMskRti kA samanvita svarUpa . (pR. 17 - 23) bhAratIya darzana meM sAmAjika cetanA (pR. 24 - 40) bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmAjika ciMtana (pR. 41 - 58) bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmAjika-samatA . (pR. 59 - 80) (varNa evaM jAti vyavasthA ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM) , ___ bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAdhanA aura sevA kA saha-sambaMdha (pR. 81 - 89) bhAratIya saMskRti meM svahita aura lokahitaM kA prazna '(pR. 90 - 101) bhAratIya saMskRti ke jIvana mUlya (pR. 102 - 107) bhAratIya saMskRti meM dhArmika sahiSNutA (pR. 108 - 136) 10. dharma kA marma : bhAratIya-jIvana dRSTi (pR. 137 - 171) 11. dhArmika sahiSNutA aura jainadharma (pR. 172 - 200) 12. dharma nirapekSatA aura bauddhadharma (pR. 201 - 208) 13. hindUdharma aura dhArmika sahiSNutA aura saha-astitva (pR. 209 - 210) 8. (4)

Page #9
bhAratIya saMskRti kI jIvana-dRSTi samyak-jIvana-dRSTi kA vikAsa Avazyaka ___ mAnava vyaktitva kA vikAsa usakI apanI jIvana-dRSTi para AdhArita hotA hai| vyakti kI jaisI jIvanadRSTi hotI hai, usI ke AdhAra para usake vikAsa kI dizA nirdhArita hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki 'yAdRzI dRSTi tAdRzI sRSTi', vyakti kI jisa prakAra kI jIvanadRSTi hotI hai, usI prakAra usakA jIvana vyavahAra bhI hotA hai aura jaisA usakA jIvana vyavahAra hotA hai, vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai| Atma-vikAsa ke AkAMkSI to sabhI vyakti hote haiM, kiMtu unake vikAsa kI dizA samyak hai yA nahIM? yaha bAta unakI samyak jIvana-dRSTi para hI nirbhara hotI hai| ataH bhAratIya darzana meM samyakjIvana-dRSTi ke vikAsa para sabase adhika bala diyA gayA hai| jaba vyakti kA dRSTikoNa samyak hogA, taba hI AcAra-vyavahAra bhI samyak hogaa| jaba taka dRSTikoNa samyak nahIM hogA, taba taka vyakti kA jJAna aura AcaraNa bhI samyak nahIM hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki cAhe jainoM kA trividha-sAdhanA mArga ho yA bauddhoM kA aSTAMgika mArga ho yA gItA kA yoga mArga ho usameM prathama sthAna samyak-darzana yA samyak-dRSTi ko hI diyA gayA hai| samyak-dRSTi hI vyakti ke Atma-vikAsa kI samyak-dizA nirdhArita karatI hai aura usI ke AdhAra para vyakti samyak-dazA ko prApta karatA hai| kiMtu yaha samyak-dazA arthAt mAnava-jIvana ke lakSya kI pUrNatA bhI tabhI sambhava hogI, jaba hamAre jIvana kI dizA arthAt jIvana jIne kI paddhati aura jIvana-dRSTi parivartita hogii| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhAratIya darzanoM ne darzanavizuddhi arthAt jIvana jIne ke samyak dRSTikoNa para sabase adhika bala diyaa| ataH yahAM vyakti kA jIvana-darzana arthAt jIvana jIne kI dRSTi kyA ho? ise samajhanA paramAvazyaka hai| jIvana kA samyak lakSya : samatva kA sarjana aura mamatva kA visarjana kisI bhI dharma ke jIvana-darzana ke lie sabase pahalI AvazyakatA jIvana ke samyak Adarza yA lakSya ke nirdhAraNa kI hotI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jIvana kA lakSya samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jIvana meM samatva kA avataraNa ho, yahI jIvana kA samyak lakSya hai| kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura isa samatva tanAva rahita zuddha cetanA ko prApta kara lenA hI AtmA kA ( 5 )

Page #10
lakSya hai| isI bAta ko AcArAMgasUtra meM prakArAMtara se isa prakAra kahA gayA hai ki 'Aryajana samabhAva ko dharma kahate haiM bhAratIya dharmoM ke anusAra sAdhanA kA adha aura iti donoM hI 'samatva' yA samatA hai| samatva se tAtparya hai anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM cittavRtti meM tanAva, vicalana yA vikSobha nahIM honaa| gItA kI bhASA meM kaheM to duHkha meM anudvignatA aura sukha meM vigata-spRhA honA hI samatA hai| bauddhadarzana ise tRSNA-prahANa kahatA hai| . sAmAnyatayA vibhinna dharmoM aura darzanoM meM jIvana kA lakSya mokSa yA nirvANa kI prApti mAnA gayA hai, kiMtu yahAM mokSa yA nirvANa kA kyAartha hai yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM AcArya kundakunda ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kI jo samatvapUrNa avasthA hai, vahI mokSa hai|' vyavahAra ke kSetra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki saMsAra kA pratyeka vyakti tanAvoM se mukta hokara Atmika zAMti ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai, kyoMki yahI usakI AMtarika zAMti hI usakA nija svabhAva hai| isa prakAra vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhAratIya darzanoM ke anusAra jIvana kA samyak lakSya tanAvoM se mukta honA hI hai| sabhI prakAra ke tanAva, icchA, apekSA aura bhogAkAMkSA (tRSNA) janya hai, ataH bhAratIya jIvana-darzana kA lakSya icchA aura AkAMkSAoM se pare samatvapUrNa caittasika avasthA kI prApti hI hai| ___ mAnava samAja kA yaha durbhAgya hai ki vaha apanI aMtarAtmA se to tanAvoM se mukta honA cAhatA hai, kiMtu usake sAre prayatna tanAvoM ke sarjana ke lie hI hote rahate haiN| icchA, AkAMkSA, rAga-dveSa, kapaTapUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra Adi sabhI vyakti ke jIvana kI AtmatulA ko udvelita karate rahate haiM aura yahI Atma-asaMtulana yA cittavRtti ke vikSobha kI sthiti use tanAvapUrNa sthiti meM le jAtI hai| ataH bhAratIya darzanoM ke anusAra jIvana kA lakSya tanAvoM se mukti hI hai, yahI vAstavika dharma hai, samyak sAdhanA hai, ise hI AtmapUrNatA yA Atmika zAMti kahate haiN| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI arhat (vItarAga puruSa) isI Atmika zAMti kI avasthA meM hI pratiSThita haiN| ataH yadi sAra rUpa meM kahanA ho to bhAratIya dharma-darzana ke anusAra jIvana kA lakSya tanAvoM se mukti hI hai| ve sabhI jIvana vyavahAra, jo mere vaiyaktika jIvana meM, mere parivAra meM yA samAja meM yA rASTra meM athavA samagra vizva meM tanAva utpanna kara svayaM ko va dUsaroM ko udvelita karate haiM, vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti bhaMga karate haiM, ve sabhI adharma haiM aura ve sabhI prayatna yA upAya jinake dvArA vyakti ina caitasika vikSobhoM ( 6 )

Page #11
ko yA caittasika vicalanoM ko samApta kara pAtA hai, vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti sthApita karatA hai, ve sabhI dharma haiM, isIlie gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki samatva hI yoga hai| isI bAta ko prakArAntara se bhAgavata meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki samatva kI ArAdhanA hI acyuta arthAt bhagavAna kI ArAdhanA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya jIvana-darzana kA prAthamika siddhAMta hai- hama tanAvoM se mukta hokara jIvana jiie| vartamAna yuga meM jo bhautikavAdI, bhogavAdI aura upabhoktAvAdI saMskRtiyoM kA vikAsa huA hai, usake kAraNa Aja vyakti adhika tanAvagrasta hotA jA rahA hai| mAnava Aja jise vikAsa samajha rahA hai, vaha hI kisI dina mAnavIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke vinAza kA kAraNa siddha hogaa| ata: samatvapUrNa yA samatAvAdI jIvana dRSTi kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai, yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kA lakSya hai| .. . Atma-svAtaMtrya yA paramAtma svarUpa kI upalabdhi .. bhAratIya jIvana-darzana kA dUsarA mukhya saMdeza AtmasvAtaMtrya hai| yahAM yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki bhAratIya darzanoM ke anusAra svataMtratA kA artha svacchandatA nahIM hai| usake anusAra svacchandatA anaitika hai, pApa mArga hai aura svataMtratA naitikatA hai, dharma hai| sabhI vyaktiyoM kI yahI AkAMkSA rahatI hai ki ve samasta prakAra kI parataMtratA yA baMdhanoM se mukta hoN| yahAM parataMtratA kA artha hai- dUsaroM para nirbhrtaa| yahAM taka ki bhArIya zramaNa jIvanadarzana aindrika viSayoM yA para-padArthoM kI dAsatA hI nahIM, Izvara kI dAsatA ko bhI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isI bAta ko eka urdUzAyara ne isa prakAra kahA hai . 'iMsA kI badabakhtI aMdAja ke bAhara hai| . . kamabakhta khudA hokara baMdA najara AtA hai|' vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki cAhe jo bhI aindrika evaM mAnasika viSayabhoga to ve hameM dAsatA kI ora le jAte haiM ve sabhI hamAre samyak vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiM, ataH na kevala mana evaM iMdriyoM ke viSaya bhogoM kI dAsatA hI dAsatA hai, apitu kisI bhI paramasattA kI icchA ke Age samarpita hokara akarmaNya ho jAnA bhI eka prakAra kI dAsatA hI hai| bhAratIya zramaNa darzana upAsya aura upAsaka, bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bheda ko bhI zAzvata mAnakara calane ko bhI eka prakAra kI parataMtratA hI mAnatA hai| isalie unakI mukti kI avadhAraNA yahI rahI hai ki vyakti svayaM paramAtma dazA ko upalabdha ho jaae| appA so paramappA' yaha unake jIvana-darzana kA mUla sUtra hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki tattvataH AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai, sabhI prANI paramAtma rUpa haiN| hama tattvataH paramAtmA hI (7)

Page #12
haiM, yadi hamameM aura paramAtmA meM koI bheda hai to vaha itanA ki hama abhI avikAsa kI avasthA meM haiM, hama apane meM upasthita usa paramAtma sattA ko pUNatayA abhivyakta nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| jaina darzana kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA lakSya paramAtma svarUpa kI upalabdhi hI hai| bhAratIya vedAMta kA to sUtravAkya hai 'sarvaM khalu idaM brhn'| ayam AtmA brhm| tttvmsi| hamameM aura paramAtmA meM vahI aMtara hai jo eka bIja aura vRkSa meM hotA hai| bIja meM vRkSa nihita hai, kiMtu abhivyakta nahIM huA hai, usI prakAra se pratyeka vyakti meM paramAtma tattva nihita hai, kiMtu vaha abhI pUrNarUpa se abhivyakta nahIM hue hai| bIja z2aba apane AvaraNa ko tor3akara vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA hai to vaha vRkSa kA rUpa le letA hai| isI prakAra se vyakti bhI apane vAsanA rUpI AvaraNoM ko tor3akara paramAtmAvasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| paramAtmA ko pAne kA artha apane meM nihita paramAtma tattva kI abhivyakti hI hai, paramAtmA koI bAhya vastu nahIM hai, vaha to hamArA hI zuddha svarUpa hai, isalie jaina darzana meM paramAtmabhakti kA lakSya hai vaMde tadguNa labdhaye' arthAt paramAtma svarUpa kI upalabdhi hI vyakti kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| paramAtma-sattA vyakti se bhinna nahIM hai, vaha bAhara nahIM hai, vaha hama hI meM nihita hai, ataH jaina darzana meM paramAtma bhakti kA artha koI yAcanA yA samarpaNa nahIM hai, apitu apanI asmitA ko pUrNa abhivyakti denA hai| kisI jaina kavi ne kahA hai aja kulagata kezarI re lahere nijapada siMha nihaal| tima prabhu bhakti bhAva lahe re nija Atama saMbhAla // svataMtratA vyakti kA svataHsiddha adhikAra hai bhAratIya saMskRti kI mAnyatA hai ki svataMtratA vyakti kA svataHsiddha adhikAra hai| hama tattvataH svataMtra haiM, parataMtratA hamArI mamatvavRtti ke kAraNa hamAre svayaM ke dvArA Aropita hai| dUsare zabdoM meM svataMtratA hamArA nijasvabhAva hai aura parataMtratA hamArA vibhAva hai, vikRta manodazA hai| ataH vibhAva ko chor3akara svabhAva meM AnA hI svataMtratA kI yA AtmapUrNatA kI upalabdhi hai aura bhAratIya darzanoM kI anusAra yahI mukti hai, AtmA kA paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| parataMtratA 'para' ke kAraNa nahIM hai, vaha sva Aropita hai| 'para' meM mamatvavRtti yA merepana kA AropaNa kara vyakti svayaM hI baMdhana meM A jAtA hai| hamAre baMdhana kA hetu yA kAraNa hama svayaM haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti mAnatI hai ki mithyA dRSTikoNa, asaMyama, pramAda (asahajatA), kaSAya aura mana-vacana-kAyA kI svacchaMda pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa vyakti baMdhana meM AtA hai| parataMtratA to svayaM Aropita hai ataH usase mukti sambhava hai| ( 8 ).

Page #13
gulAmI cAhe vaha 'mana' kI ho yA aindrika viSayoM kI tRSNA janita hai, vaha hamAre dvArA hI or3hI gaI hai| ataH samyak jIvana-dRSTi ke vikAsa ke sAtha mukti ke dvAra svataH udghATita ho jAte haiN| bhAratIya darzanoM ke anusAra saMsAra meM manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai, jo isa svayaM ke dvArA Aropita yA or3hI gaI gulAmI se mukta ho sakatA hai, kyoMki usameM Atma-sajagatA, vivekazIlatA aura saMyamana kI zakti hai, AvazyakatA hai use apanI isa svataMtra asmitA kA yA 'para' nirapekSa sva-svarUpa kA bodha karAne kii| hamArI moha nidrA yA ajJAnadazA hI hamAre baMdhana kA hetu hai| hameM kisI dUsarI zakti ne baMdhana meM nahIM bAMdha rakhA hai apitu' hama apanI bhogAsakti se svayaM hI baMdha gae haiM, ataH usase hameM svayaM hI Upara uThanA hogaa| sva ke dvArA Aropita 'kArA' ko svayaM hI tor3a pheMkanA hogaa| . kisI vicAraka ne ThIka hI kahA hai- . svayaM baMdhe haiM svayaM khuleMge, sakhe na bIca meM bolA isa prakAra bhAratIya jIvana-dRSTi sva kI svataMtra sattA ke asmitA bodha' yA 'svarUpa bodha' kA saMdeza detI hai| bhAratIya jIvana-dRSTi kI yaha carcA vyakti svayaM kI apekSA se kI gaI hai| bAhya vyavahAra yA sAmAjika jIvana darzana kI apekSA se usane hameM tIna sUtra die haiM 1. vaicArika stara para anAgraha 2. vyavahAra ke stara para ahiMsA 3. vRtti ke stara para anAsakti Age hama inake saMdarbha meM vistRta carcA bhI kareMge, kiMtuM isake pUrva jaina dharma ke isa sUtra vAkya ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai, jo jaina dharma ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - syAdvAdo vartate'smin, pakSapAto na vidyte| nAstyanyaM pIDanaM kiMcit, jaina dharmaH sa ucyte|| . arthAt jainadharma kI jIvana-dRSTi kA sAra yaha hai ki vyakti pakSapAta yA vaicArika durAgrahoM se Upara uThakara anAgrahI (syAdvAdI) dRSTi ko apanAe aura apane vyavahAra se kisI ko kiMcit bhI pIr3A nahIM de| ahiMsA arthAt jIvana kA sammAna - bhAratIya ciMtana meM ahiMsA zabda eka vyApaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina graMtha (9 )

Page #14
praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM ahiMsA ke nirvANa, samAdhi, zAMti, vimukti, kSAnti (kSamAbhAva), ziva (kalyANakAraka), pavitra, kaivalyasthAna Adi 60 paryAyavAcI nAma die haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM to ahiMsA samasta sadguNoM kI pratinidhi hai| sAmAnya rUpa meM ahiMsA kA artha hai- 'jIvana jahAM bhI hai aura jisa rUpa meM bhI hai usakA sammAna kro'| isIlie hindUgraMtha mahAbhArata meM ahiMsA ko paramadharma kahA hai| yaha mAno ki jisa prakAra tumheM jIvana jIne kA adhikAra hai usI prakAra saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI ko jIvana jIne kA adhikAra hai| ataH jIvana ke jo,jo bhI rUpa haiM, unheM pIr3A yA kaSTa dene, trAsa dene, unheM vidrUpita karane, unheM pradUSita karane yA unheM naSTa karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai, kyoMki sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, jIvana sabhI ko priya hai, koI bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA hai, sabhI ko sukha priya hai, duHkha apriya hai, ataH kisI kI hiMsA karanA, duHkhI karanA yA trAsa denA pApa hai, anaitika yA anucita hai| ahiMsA Arhat pravacana kA sAra hai use zuddha aura zAzvata dharma kahA gayA hai| kyoMki saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI meM jijIviSA kI pradhAnatA hai, sabhI astitva aura sukha ke AkAMkSI haiM- ahiMsA kA AdhAra yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna bhaya nahIM hai, jaisA ki pAzcAtya dArzanika maikenjI ne apane graMtha 'hindU ethiksa' meM mAna liyA hai, kyoMki bhaya' to hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa hai| pArasparika bhaya aura tadajanya avizvAsa se hI hiMsA kA janma hotA hai| Aja vizva meM hiMsaka zastroM kI pratispardhA aura dezoM ke madhya jo zakti-yuddha kA vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai, usakA kAraNa pArasparika avizvAsa aura bhaya kI vRtti hI hai, ataH bhAratIya jIvanadarzana kA mUla siddhAMta hai- paraspara abhaya kA vikAsa karo, kyoMki pArasparika abhaya aura vizvAsa se hI ahiMsA kA vikAsa hogaa| ataH ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yA manovaijJAnika AdhAra AtmatulyatA, para-pIr3A kI Atmavat anubhUti aura abhayaniSThA hI hai| dUsare prANiyoM ke jIvita rahane aura jIvana jIne ke sAdhanoM para sabhI ke samAna adhikAra kI tArkika svIkRti se hI ahiMsA kA vikAsa sambhava hai| 'Atmavat sarva bhUteSu' kI jIvana-dRSTi hI vaha tArkika AdhAra hai jo ahiMsA kI sampoSaka hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ke mUlAdhAra haiM - jIvana ke prati sammAna, abhaya kI pratiSThA, samatvavRtti aura AtmatulA ke tArkika AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko Atmavat smjhnaa| tIsare sAmAnyatayA yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki hiMsA nahIM karanA, kisI ko mAranA yA kaSTa nahIM denA hI ahiMsA hai- yaha ahiMsA kI AdhI-adhUrI avadhAraNA hai| ( 10 )

Page #15
hiMsA kA pratipakSa ahiMsA hai| yaha ahiMsA kI niSedhAtmaka paribhASA hai, lekina hiMsA nahIM karanA mAtra ahiMsA nahIM hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA jIvana ke samagra pakSoM kA sparza nahIM karatI hai| sAtha hI hiMsA yA ahiMsA kA sambaMdha mAtra dUsaroM se nahIM hai| jaina cintakoM kA kahanA hai ki hiMsA svayaM kI bhI hotI hai aura dUsaroM kI bhI hotI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM vyakti pahale svayaM kI hiMsA karatA hai, phira vaha dUsaroM kI hiMsA karatA hai| AtmahiMsA ke binA 'para' kI hiMsA sambhava hI nahIM hai| dUsaroM kI hiMsA vastutaH apanI hiMsA hai aura dUsaroM ke prati karuNA yA dayA apane prati karuNA yA dayA hai| . ise adhika spaSTatA kI dRSTi se samajhane ke lie yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki dUsare kI hiMsA ke pIche kahIM na kahIM rAga-dveSa yA krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha kI vRtti kArya karatI hai- inase yukta hone kA artha kahIM na kahIM tanAvagrasta honA hI hai, inakI upasthiti hamAre Atmika zAMti ko bhaMga kara detI hai, zAstrIya bhASA meM kaheM to vyakti svabhAva dazA ko chor3akara vibhAva dazA (tanAvagrasta avasthA) meM A jAtA hai| apane zAMtimaya nijasvabhAva kA yaha parityAga hI to 'sva' kI hiMsA hai| eka anya apekSA se jaina darzana meM hiMsA ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM- dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiNsaa| vaicArika stara para kaSAya se kaluSita bhAva yA dUsare ke ahita kI bhAvanA yaha bhAva hiMsA hai yA hiMsA kA mAnasika rUpa hai| bhAva hiMsA hI dravya hiMsA yA hiMsA kI bAhya ghaTanA kA kAraNa hotI hai| isIlie jaina cintakoM ne yaha mAnA ki jahAM durbhAva hai, dUsare ke ahita kI bhAvanA hai vahAM nizcaya hI hiMsA hai, cAhe usake pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita ho yA nahIM bhI ho| .. isalie bhAratIya jIvana-darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti ko AtmasajagatA pUrvaka dUsaroM ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se kArya karanA caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha dUsaroM kI maMgala bhAvanA se sakriya hokara karma kre| bhAratIya saMskRti meM ahiMsA kevala niSkriyatA yA niSedhAtmaka nahIM hai, usakA eka sakArAtmaka pakSa bhI hai jo sevA, paropakAra aura loka maMgala kI bhAvanA se jur3A huA hai, usameM nahIM karane ke sAtha-sAtha bacAne kA bhAva bhI jur3A huA hai, usake pIche lokamaMgala yA paropakAra ke udAtta mUlya bhI jur3e haiM, jo pArasparika hita-sAdhana kI bhAvanA meM apanA sAkAra rUpa grahaNa karate haiN| sAtha hI sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA mAnanA hai- jIvana eka-dUsare ke sahayoga ke AdhAra para calatA hai| jIvana jIne meM paraspara sahayoga kI bhAvanA honI cAhie- paraspara . (11)

Page #16
saMgharSa, saMhAra yA zoSaNa kI bhAvanA nahIM honI cAhie- yahI ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kA hArda hai| jaina AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra ke pAMcaveM adhyAya meM likhA hai- jIvana paraspara sahayoga ke AdhAra para calatA hai- (prspropgrhojiivaanaam)| jIvana jIne meM dUsaroM kA sahayoga lenA aura sahayoga denA yahI eka prAkRtika vyavasthA hai- (The Law of life is the law of co-operation) sahayoga hI jIvana kA niyama hai| prAkRtika vyavasthA kI dRSTi se yaha niyama sarvatra kArya karate hue diAkhaI detI hai- hameM jIvana jIne ke lie| prANavAyu (AksIjana) cAhie, vaha hameM vanaspatijagat se milatI hai| vanaspatijagat ko kisI mAtrA meM kArbana DAi-oNksAiDa cAhie, usakA utsarjana prANIjagat hI karatA hai| prANIjagat ke avaziSTa malamUtra Adi vanaspatijagat kA AhAra banate haiM, to vanaspatijagat ke phala, anAja Adi utpAdana prANIjagat kA AhAra bana jAte haiN| isa prakAra prakRti kA jIvana-cakra pArasparika sahayoga para calatA hai aura saMtulita banA rahatA hai| durbhAgya se pazcima ke eka ciMtaka DArvina ne isa siddhAMta ko vikAsa ke siddhAMta ke nAma para ulaTa diyaa| usane kahA- 'astitva ke lie saMgharSa aura yogyatama kI vijy'| manuSya ne apane ko yogyatama mAnakara anya jIva jAtiyoM aura prAkRtika sAdhanoM kA dohana kiyA jIvoM kI anya prajAtiyoM kI hiMsA aura prakRti ke jIvana ke lie aMgIbhUta yA paramAvazyaka havA aura pAnI ko pradUSita karane kA mArga apnaayaa| pArasparika avizvAsa aura bhaya ke bIja bokara Aja manuSya ne apanI hI citA taiyAra kara lI hai| Aja jIvana ke sabhI rUpoM ke prati sammAna rUpa ahiMsA aura abhaya ke siddhAMta aise haiM, jo mAnava astitva ko surakSita rakha sakate haiN| Aja saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat mAnakara jIvana ke sabhI rUpoM ko, cAhe ve suvikasita hoM yA avikasita ho sammAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai| sAtha hI isa dRr3haniSThA kI AvazyakatA hai ki prANIya-jIvana ke sahayogI tattvoM, bhUmi, jala, vAyu aura vanaspati ko tathA kSudra jIvadhAriyoM ko vinaSTa karane yA unheM pradUSita karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai| yahI ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA hai| saMkSepa meM to ahiMsA- eka dUsare ke sahayoga pUrvaka lokamaMgala karate hue jIvana jIne kI eka paddhati hai| ahiMsA kevala 'jIo aura jIne do' ke nAre taka hI sImita nahIM hai, ahiMsA kA Adarza hai dUsaroM ke lie jIyo, apane kSudra svArthoM se Upara uThakara dUsaroM kA hita-sAdhana karate hue jiio| ahiMsA saMkIrNatA kI bhAvanA se Upara uThakara kartavyabuddhi se lokahita karate hue jIne kA saMdeza detI hai| (12)

Page #17
dUsaroM ke vicAroM yA mAnyatAoM ke prati sammAna kA bhAva (Respect of other's Idealogy and Faiths) bhAratIya jIvana-dRSTi kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai- dUsaroM ke vicAroM, mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAMtoM ke prati samAdara yA sammAna kA bhAva rakhanA tathA apane virodhI kI vicAradhArAoM aura mAnyatAoM meM bhI apekSA bheda se satyatA ho sakatI hai, ise svIkAra krnaa| jaina darzana kA anekAMtavAda yaha mAnatA hai ki sAmAnyatayA hamArA jJAna sImita aura sApekSa hai, kyoMki hamAre jJAna ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hamArI iMdriyoM kA grahaNa-sAmarthya sImita aura sApekSa hai| dUsare jisa bhASA ke mAdhyama se hama apanI anubhUtiyoM ko abhivyakti dete haiM, ve bhI sImita aura sApekSa hai| hamArI ghrANendriya kA sAmarthya to cIMTI se bhI bahuta kama hai aura hamArI bhASA anubhUta gur3a ke svAda ko bhI abhivyakti dene meM kamajora par3a jAtI hai, ataH sImita aura sApekSa jJAna vAle vyakti ko yaha adhikAra nahIM hai ki vaha dUsaroM kI anubhUtiyoM, mAnyatAoM aura vizvAsoM ko pUrNatayA asatya yA mithyA kahakara nakAra de| merA jJAna aura mere virodhI vicAradhArA vAle vyakti kA jJAna yA vizvAsa bhI apekSA bheda se satya ho sakatA hai, yahI jaina darzana ke anekAMtavAda kA mukhya AdhAra hai| ___yahI bAta anAgrahI dRSTi kA vikAsa karatI hai| vaha dUsaroM ke vicAroM, bhAvanAoM aura dhArmika yA dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prati eka sahiSNu dRSTi pradAna karatI hai, yaha vaicArika ahiMsA hai| vyakti yaha mAnatA hai ki satya kA sUraja jisa prakAra mere AMgana ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaise hI vaha mere virodhI ke AMgana ko bhI prakAzita kara sakatA hai| eka hI vastu ke do virodhI koNoM se lie gae citra eka-dUsare se bhinna ho sakate haiM, kiMtu ve donoM apane-apane koNoM se to satya hI haiN| ise hI spaSTa karate hue jaina graMtha sUtrakRtAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki jo loga apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM aura apane virodhI ke mata kI niMdA karate haiM, usase gardA karate haiM, ve vastutaH satya ko vidrUpita karate haiM, ve kabhI bhI janma-maraNa ke isa cakra se mukta nahIM ho sakate haiN| satya sarvatra prakAzita hai, jo bhI Agraha yA durAgraha ke ghere se anmukta hokara use dekha pAtA hai, vahI use pA sakatA hai| durAgraha yA rAga-dveSa ke raMgIna cazme pahana kara hama satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sakate haiN| satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie unmukta dRSTi kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai, satya mere yA parAe ke ghere meM Abaddha nahIM hai| jaina AcArya haribhadra ne kahA thA mujhe na to mahAvIra ke vacanoM ke prati Agraha hai aura kapila Adi ke prati dveSa (13)

Page #18
hai| jo yukti saMgata hai, samucita hai vahI mujhe mAnya hai| vastutaH jo pakSoM kA AgrahI hai, vaha satya kA AgrahI nahIM ho sakatA hai| isIlie gAMdhI ne satyAgraha kI bAta kI thii| pakSAgraha eka prakAra kA rAga hI hai, yaha satya ko sImita aura vidrUpita karatA hai| pakSAgraha se hI vivAdoM kA janma hotA hai, usake kAraNa hI sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSa utpanna hote haiN| vaha vigraha, viSAda aura vaimanasya ke bIjoM kA vapana karatA hai| ataH jIvana meM anAgrahI udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| anAsakta jIvanadRSTi kA vikAsa _vyAvahArika samAja-darzana ke kSetra meM bhAratIya dRSTi jIvana kA tIsarA sUtra haianAsakta, kiMtu karttavyaniSTha jIvana zailI kA vikaas| jaina, bauddha evaM gItA ke darzanoM kI mAnyatA hai ki Asakti yA tRSNA hI samasta duHkhoM kA mUla hai| tRSNA, bhogAsakti, icchA yA AkAMkSA aura apekSA se hI tanAvoM kA janma hotA hai, ye tanAva prathamatayA vyakti ko udvelita karate haiM, udvelita yA vikSubdha vyakti apane vyavahAra se parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ko vikSubdha banAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM tRSNA yA Asakti na kevala vaiyaktika jIvana kI zAMti bhaMga karatI hai, apitu yaha vaizvika azAMti kA bhI mUla kAraNa hai| isalie AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jahAM-jahAM mamatvavRtti hai, vahAM-vahAM duHkha hai hii| yaha mamatvavRtti (merepana kA bhAva) hI, tRSNA hI bhogAsakti ko janma detI hai| bhogAsakti se bhogecchA kA janma hotA hai aura yahIM se AkAMkSA aura apekSAoM kA sRjana hotA hai| isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa Aja mAnava prakRti ke sAtha samvAda sthApita kara jIne ke sAmAnya niyama ko bhUlakara bhogavAda ke eka vikRta mArga para jA rahA hai| Aja mAnava ne jisa upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti kA vikAsa kiyA hai, vahI eka dina mAnava jAti kI saMhAraka siddha hogii| bhAratIya vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki Asakti yA bhogAsakti se janmI isa upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ke tIna duSpariNAma hote haiM - 1. apaharaNa (zoSaNa), 2. prakRti ke viruddha bhoga kI pravRtti aura 3. saMgraha yA parigraha (sNcyvRtti)| yadyapi ina tInoM duSpariNAmoM se bacane ke lie jaina AcArazAstra meM tIna vratoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI 1. asteya arthAt dUsaroM kI AvazyakatA kI sAmagrI para unake adhikAra kA hanana nahIM krnaa| 2. bhoga aura upabhoga kI eka maryAdA/sImA rekhA nirdhArita karanA arthAt (14)

Page #19
jIne ke lie khAnA, na ki khAne ke lie jiinaa| 3. parigraha yA saMcaya kI eka sImA nirdhArita karanA arthAt AvazyakatA se adhika saMcaya nahIM karanA yadyapi ina tInoM AcAra niyamoM ke pIche eka hI jIvana-dRSTi - rahI huI hai aura vaha hai saMyamita jIvana zailI kA viAkasa, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa yaha satya hai ki jIvana jIne ke lie bhogopabhoga Avazyaka hai aura bhogopabhoga ke lie saMcaya Avazyaka hai, kiMtu bhAratIya jIvana darzana kA kahanA hai ki yaha maryAdita hI honA caahie| asImita bhogAkAMkSA aura saMcayavRtti hamAre jIvana meM tanAva yA vikSobha utpanna karatI hai, vaiyaktika jIvana kI samatA ko aura vaizvika zAMti ko bhaMga karatI hai, ataH ina para niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai aura tabhI samyak jIvana-dRSTi kA vikAsa sambhava hogaa| yaha ThIka hai ki bhoga Avazyaka hai, kiMtu vaha tyAgapUrvaka, saMyamapUrvaka yA maryAdApUrvaka hI honA cAhie- isake lie IzAvAsyopaniSad kA tena tyaktena bhuMjIthA' kA sUtra vAkya hI hamArA mArgadarzaka ho sakatA hai| dUsare Aja hama bhoga ke prAkRtika sAdhanoM kA amaryAdita dohana kara jisa upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ko apanA rahe haiM, isa upabhoktAvAdI jIvana-daSTi ke kAraNa Aja hama AvazyakatA ke anurUpa utpAdana kI bAta bhUlakara icchAoM ke udvelana ke dvArA adhikatama upabhoga ke lie adhikatama utpAdana aura adhikatama maudrika lAbha ke siddhAMta para cala rahe haiN| Aja ke utpAdana kA sUtra vAkya hai'anAvazyaka mAMge bar3hAoM, apanA mAla khapAo aura adhikatama munAphA kmaao|' bhAratIya ciMtana kahatA hai ki hamArI AvazyakatAeM kyA haiM, isake nirNAyaka hama nahIM, prakRti yA hamArI daihika saMracanA hai| bhoga icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie nahIM, apitu saMyamI jIvana kI daihika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie hai| Apako jIvana jIne kA adhikAra hai, kiMtu taba taka vaha Apake zarIra evaM sAdhanA meM sahAyaka hai, ApakA jIvana dUsaroM ke lie bhAra rUpa nahIM banAnA hai| bhAratIya jIvana-dRSTi ke anusAra bhoga aura tyAga donoM saMyamita jIvana jIne ke lie haiM- amaryAdita jIvana jIne ke lie nhiiN| . sAtha hI saMcayavRtti bhI vyakti kI AvazyakatA para AdhArita hai na ki usakI asIma tRSNA pr| bhAratIya ciMtana kahatA hai ki jitanI AvazyakatA hai, utanA hI saMcaya - kro| isa sambaMdha meM mahAbhArata kA nimna zloka hamArA mArgadarzaka hai| kahA hai__ yAvat bhriyate jaTharaM tAvat svatvaM dehInAm / (15)

Page #20
adhiko yo'bhimanyate stena eva sH|| arthAt peTa ke lie jitanA Avazyaka hai utane para hI vyakti kA adhikAra hai jo isase adhika para apanA adhikAra jamAtA hai vaha sAmAjika dRSTi se 'cora' hI hai| - bhAratIya ciMtana isase bhI eka kadama Age bar3ha kara kahatA hai- jo dhana, sampatti Adi para padArtha haiM, una para hamArA koI svAmitva ho hI nahIM sktaa| 'para' ko apanA mAnanA yA usa para mAlikAnA haka jatAnA mithyAdRSTi hai| hameM AvazyakatAnurUpa vastu ke 'upayoga' kA adhikAra to hai, svAmitva kA adhikAra nahIM hai (We have only use right of then, not the ownership) dUsare yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yadi 'para-padArthoM ke prati Asakti yA rAgabhAva nahIM hogA- udAsInavRtti hogI to phira jIvana meM sakriyatA samApta ho jAegI, vyakti akarmaNya bana jAegA, kyoMki rAgAtmakatA yA mamattvavRtti yA svAmitva kI bhAvanA hI vyakti ko sakriya banAtI hai' isake uttara meM bhAratIya jIvana-dRSTi yA gItA eka sUtra detI hai ki- kartavyabuddhi (Sense of duty) se jIo na ki mamattvabuddhi (Sense of attachment) se| isa sambaMdha meM jaina paramparA meM nimna dohA pracalita hai- jo mAnava jIvana-dRSTi ko spaSTa kara detA hai samyak dRSTi jIvar3A kare kuTumba pripaal| , antarasUM nyAro rahe, jyUM dhAya khilAve baal|| bhAratIya saMskRti kA sAra yaha hai karttavyabuddhi se jIvana jIo, mamattvabuddhi se nhiiN|' (16)

Page #21
bhAratIya saMskRti kA samanvita svarUpa . bhAratIya saMskRti eka saMzliSTa saMskRti hai| use hama vibhinna cahAradIvAriyoM meM avaruddha kara kabhI bhI samyak prakAra se nahIM samajha sakate haiM, usako khaNDa-khaNDa karake dekhane meM usakI AtmA hI mara jAtI hai| jaise zarIra ko khaNDa-khaNDa kara dekhane se zarIra kI kriyA-zakti ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI bhAratIya saMskRti ko khaNDakhaNDa karake usakI mUla AtmA ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ko hama tabhI sampUrNa rUpa se samajha sakate haiM, jaba taka ki usake vibhinna ghaTakoM arthAt jaina. bauddha aura hindU dharma-darzana kA samanvita evaM samyak adhyayana na kara liyA jaae| binA usake saMyojita ghaTakoM ke jJAna ke usakA sampUrNatA meM jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| eka iMjana kI prakriyA ko bhI samyak prakAra se samajhane ke lie na kevala usake vibhinna ghaTakoM arthAt kala-puoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hotA hai, apitu unake paraspara saMyojita rUpa ko bhI dekhanA hotA hai| ataH hameM spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko samajha lenA cAhie ki bhAratIya saMskRti ke adhyayana evaM zodha ke kSetra meM anya sahavartI paramparAoM aura unake pArasparika sambaMdhoM ke adhyayana ke binA koI bhI zodha paripUrNa nahIM ho sktaa| dharma aura saMskRti zUnya meM vikasita nahIM hote, ve apane dezakAla aura sahavartI paramparAoM se prabhAvita hokara hI apanA svarUpa grahaNa karate haiN| yadi hameM jaina, bauddha, vaidika yA anya kisI bhI bhAratIya sAMskRtika-dhArA kA adhyayana karanA hai, use samyak prakAra se samajhanA hai, to usake deza, kAla evaM parivezata pakSoM ko bhI prAmANikatApUrvaka taTastha buddhi se samajhanA hogaa| cAhe jaina vidyA ke zodha evaM adhyayana kA prazna ho yA anya kisI bhAratIya vidyA kA, hameM usakI dUsarI sahavartI paramparAoM ko avazya hI jAnanA hogA aura yaha dekhanA hogA ki vaha una dUsarI sahavartI paramparAoM se kisa prakAra prabhAvita huI hai aura usane unheM kisa prakAra prabhAvita kiyA hai| pArasparika prabhAvakatA ke adhyayana ke binA koI bhI adhyayana pUrNa nahIM hotA hai| __yaha satya hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa ke AdikAla se hI hama usameM zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRti kA astitva sAtha-sAtha pAte haiM, kiMtu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM ina donoM svataMtra dhArAoM kA saMgama ho gayA hai aura aba inheM eka-dUsare se pUrNatayA alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhAratIya itihAsa ke prArambhika kAla se hI ye donoM dhArAeM paraspara eka-dUsare se prabhAvita hotI rhiiN| apanI (17)

Page #22
apanI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para vicAra ke kSetra meM hama cAhe unheM alaga-alaga dekha. leM, kiMtu vyAvahArika stara para unheM eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM kara skte| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM Rgveda prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| usameM jahAM eka ora vaidika samAja evaM vaidika kriyA-kANDoM kA ullekha hai, vahIM dUsarI ora usameM na kevala vrAtyoM, zramaNoM evaM arhatoM kI upasthiti ke ullekha haiM, apitu RSabha, ariSTanemi Adi jo jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM mAnya haiM, ke prati samAdara bhAva bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki aitihAsika yuga ke prArambha se hI bhArata meM ye donoM saMskRtiyAM sAthasAtha pravAhita hotI rahI hai| mohanajodar3o aura har3appA ke utkhanana se jisa prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kI jAnakArI hameM upalabdha hotI hai, usase siddha hotA hai ki vaidika saMskRti ke pUrva bhI bhArata meM eka ucca saMskRti astitva rakhatI thI, jisameM dhyAna, sAdhanA Adi para bala diyA jAtA thaa| usa utkhanana meM dhyAnastha yogiyoM kI sIleM Adi milanA tathA yajJazAlA Adi kA na milanA yahI siddha karatA hai ki vaha saMskRti tapa, yoga evaM dhyAna pradhAna vrAtya-saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karatI thI, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki AryoM ke Agamana ke sAtha prArambha hue vaidika yuga se donoM hI dhArAeM sAtha-sAtha pravAhita ho rahI haiM aura unhoMne eka-dUsare ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita bhI kiyA hai| Rgveda meM vrAtyoM ke prati jo tiraskAra bhAva thA, vaha atharvaveda meM samAdara bhAva meM badala jAtA hai, jo donoM dhArAoM ke samanvaya kA pratIka hai| tapa, tyAga, saMnyAsa, dhyAna, samAdhi, mukti aura ahiMsA kI avadhAraNAeM, jo prArambhika vaidika RcAoM aura karmakANDIya brAhmaNa graMthoM meM anupalabdha thIM, ve AraNyaka Adi paravartI vaidika sAhitya meM aura vizeSa rUpa se upaniSadoM meM astitva meM A gaI haiN| isase lagatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAeM saMnyAsamArgIya zramaNadhArA ke prabhAva se hI vaidika dhArA meM praviSTa huI haiN| upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata aura gItA meM eka ora vaidika karmakANDa kI samAlocanA aura unheM AdhyAtmikatA se samanvita kara nae rUpa meM paribhASita karane kA prayatna tathA dUsarI ora tapa, saMnyAsa aura mukti Adi kI spaSTa rUpa se svIkRti yahI siddha karatI hai ki ye graMtha zramaNa aura vaidika-dhArA ke bIca hue samanvaya yA saMgama ke hI paricAyaka haiN| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki upaniSad aura mahAbhArata, jisakA eka aMga gItA hai, zuddha rUpa se vaidika karmakANDAtmaka dharma ke pratinidhi nahIM haiN| ve nivRtti- pradhAna zramaNadhArA aura pravRttimArgI vaidika dhArA ke samanvaya kA pariNAma haiN| upaniSadoM meM aura mahAbhArata, gItA meM jahAM eka ora zramaNadhArA ke AdhyAtmika aura nivRttipradhAna tattvoM ko sthAna diyA (18)

Page #23
gayA, vahIM dUsarI ora yajJa Adi vaidika-karmakANDoM kI zramaNa-paramparA ke samAna AdhyAtmika dRSTi se navIna paribhASAeM bhI prastuta kI gaIM, unameM yajJa kA artha pazubali na hokara svahitoM kI bali yA samAjasevA ho gyaa| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki hamArA hindU dharma vaidika aura zramaNa-dhArAoM ke samanvaya kA pariNAma hai| vaidika karmakANDa ke virodha meM jo AvAja aupaniSadika yuga ke RSi-muniyoM ne uThAI thI, jaina, bauddha aura anya zramaNa paramparAoM ne mAtra use mukhara hI kiyA hai| hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki vaidika karmakANDa ke prati yadi kisI ne pahalI AvAja uThAI, to ve aupaniSadika RSi hI the| unhoMne hI sabase pahale kahA thA ki ye yajJarUpI naukAeM adRr3ha haiM, ye AtmA ke vikAsa meM sakSama nahIM haiN| yajJa Adi karmakANDoM kI naI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyAeM dene aura unheM zramaNadhArA kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke anurUpa banAne kA kArya aupaniSadika RSiyoM aura gItA ke pravaktA kA hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAeM to aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke dvArA prazasta kie gae patha para gatizIla huI haiN| ve vaidika karmakANDa, janmanA jAtivAda aura mithyA vizvAsoM ke virodha meM uThe hue aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke svara kA hI mukharita rUpa haiN| jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI arhat RSi ke rUpa meM svIkRti isakA spaSTa pramANa hai| . yaha satya hai ki zramaNoM ne yajJoM meM pazubali, janmanA varNavyavasthA aura vedoM kI prAmANyatA se iMkAra kiyA aura isa prakAra se ve bhAratIya saMskRti ke samuddhAraka ke rUpa meM hI sAmane Ae, kiMtu hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki bhAratIya saMskRti kI isa vikRti kA parimArjana karane kI prakriyA meM ve svayaM hI kahIM na kahIM una vikRtiyoM se prabhAvita ho ge| vaidika karmakANDa aba taMtrasAdhanA ke nae rUpa meM bauddha, jaina aura zramaNa paramparAoM meM praviSTa ho gayA aura unakI sAdhanA paddhati kA eka aMga bana gyaa| AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA dhyAna aba bhautika siddhiyoM ke nimitta kiyA jAne lgaa| jahAM eka ora bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA ne vaidika paramparA ko AdhyAtmika jIvana-dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha tapa, tyAga, saMnyAsa aura mokSa kI avadhAraNAeM pradAna kI, vahIM dUsarI ora vaidika paramparA ke prabhAva se tAMtrika sAdhanAeM jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM bhI praviSTa ho giiN| aneka hindU deva-deviyAM prakArAMtara se jainadharma evaM bauddhadharma meM svIkAra kara lI giiN| jainadharma meM yakSa-yakSiNiyoM evaM zAsanadevatA kI avadhAraNAeM hindU devatAoM kA jainIkaraNa mAtra hai| aneka hindU deviyAM, jaise - kAlI, mahAkAlI, jvAlAmAlinI, ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI, siddhAyikA tIrthaMkaroM kI zAsana rakSaka deviyoM ke rUpa ( 19 )

Page #24
meM jainadharma meM svIkAra kara lI giiN| zruta-devatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI aura sampatti pradAtA ke rUpa meM lakSmI kI upAsanA jaina jIvana paddhati kA aMga bana gii| hindU paramparA kA gaNeza pArzva-yakSa ke rUpa meM lokamaMgala kA devatA bana gyaa| vaidika paramparA ke prabhAva se jaina maMdiroM meM bhI aba yajJa hone lage aura pUjA meM hindU devatAoM kI taraha tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI AvAhana evaM visarjana kiyA jAne lgaa| hinduoM kI pUjAvidhi ko bhI maMtroM meM kucha zAbdika parivartanoM ke sAtha jainoM ne svIkAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM tapa, dhyAna aura samAdhi kI sAdhanA gauNa hokara karmakANDa pramukha ho gyaa| isa pArasparika prabhAva kA eka pariNAma yaha bhI huA ki jahAM hindU paramparAoM meM RSabha aura buddha ko Izvara ke avatAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA, vahIM jaina paramparA meM rAma aura kRSNa ko zalAkA puruSa ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milii| isa prakAra donoM dhArAeM eka dUsare se samanvita huiiN| durbhAgya se isa deza meM videzI tattvoM ke dvArA na kevala hindU aura musalamAnoM ke bIca, apitu jaina, bauddha, hindU aura sikkhoM, jo ki bRhad bhAratIya paramparA ke hI aMga haiM, ke bIca bhI khAiyAM khodane kA kArya kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura sAmAnya rUpa se yaha prasArita kiyA jAtA rahA hai ki jaina aura bauddha dharma na kevala svataMtra dharma haiM, apitu ve vaidika hindU paramparA ke virodhI bhI haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina aura bauddha dharma ko vaidika dharma ke prati eka vidroha ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| yaha satya hai ki vaidika aura zramaNa paramparAoM meM kucha mUla-bhUta praznoM ko lekara matabheda haiM, yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina aura bauddha paramparA ne vaidika paramparA kI una vikRtiyoM kA jo karmakANDa, purohitavAda, jAtivAda aura brAhmaNa varga ke dvArA nimna vargoM ke dhArmika zoSaNa ke rUpa meM ubhara rahI thIM, khulakara virodha kiyA thA, kiMtu hameM use vidroha ke rUpa meM nahIM, apitu bhAratIya saMskRti ke pariSkAra ke rUpa meM samajhanA hogaa| jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti meM A rahI vikRtiyoM kA parizodhana kara use svastha banAne hetu eka cikitsaka kA kArya kiyA aura cikitsaka kabhI zatru nahIM, mitra hI hotA hai| durbhAgya se pAzcAtya ciMtakoM ke prabhAva se bhAratIya ciMtaka aura kisI sImA taka kucha jaina evaM bauddha ciMtaka bhI yaha mAnane lage haiM ki jaina dharma aura vaidika (hindU) dharma paraspara virodhI haiM, kiMtu yaha eka bhrAMta avadhAraNA hai| cAhe apane mUla rUpa meM vaidika evaM zramaNa saMskRti-pravartaka aura nivarttaka dharma paramparAoM ke rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna rahI hoM, kiMtu Aja na to hindU-paramparA hI usa artha meM pUrNataH vaidika hai aura na hI jaina va bauddha paramparA pUrNataH shrmnn| Aja cAhe (20)

Page #25
hindU dharma ho athavA jaina aura bauddha dharma hoM, ye sabhIapane vartamAna svarUpa meM vaidika aura zramaNa saMskRti ke samanvita rUpa haiN| yaha alaga bAta hai ki unameM pravRtti aura nivRtti meM se koI eka pakSa abhI bhI pramukha ho, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki jahAM jainadharma Aja bhI nivRtti-pradhAna hai vahAM hindU dharma pravRtti-pradhAna, phira bhI yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ki jainadharma meM pravRtti evaM hindU dharma meM nivRtti ke tattva nahIM haiN| vastutaH sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti pravRtti aura nivRtti ke samanvaya meM hI nirmita huI hai| isa samanvaya kA prathama prayatna hameM IzAvAsyopaniSad meM spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai| Aja jahAM upaniSadoM ko prAcIna zramaNa paramparA ke pariprekSya meM samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai, vahIM jaina-bauddha paramparA ko bhI aupaniSadika paramparA ke pariprekSya meM samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| jisa prakAra vAsanA aura viveka, zreya aura preya paraspara bhinna-bhinna hokara bhI mAnava vyaktitva ke hI aMga haiM, usI prakAra nivRtti pradhAna zramaNadhArA aura pravRtti pradhAna vaidika dhArA - donoM bhAratIya saMskRti ke hI aMga haiN| vastutaH koI bhI saMskRti ekAMta nivRtti yA ekAMta pravRtti ke AdhAra para pratiSThita nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAeM bhAratIya saMskRti kA vaise hI abhinna aMga haiM, jaise hindU prmpraa| yadi aupaniSadika dhArA ko vaidika dhArA se bhinna hote hue bhI vaidika yA hindU paramparA kA abhinna aMga mAnA jAtA hai, to phira jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM ko usakA abhinna aMga kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka anIzvaravAdI hote hue bhI Astika hindU-dharma darzana ke aMga mAne jAte haiM, to phira jaina va bauddha dharma ko anIzvaravAdI kahakara usase kaise bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai? bhAratIya dharma aura darzana eka vyApaka paramparA hai yA kaheM ki vaha vibhinna vicAra paramparAoM kA samUha hai, usameM IzvaravAda, anIzvaravAda, dvaitavAda-advaitavAda, pravRtti-nivRtti, jJAna-karma sabhI kucha to samAhita haiN| usameM prakRti pUjA jaise dharma ke prArambhika lakSaNoM se lekara advaita kI ucca gaharAiyAM taka sabhI kucha sanniviSTa hai| ____ ataH jaina aura bauddha dharma ko bhAratIya paramparA se bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| jaina va bauddha bhI usI adhyAtma-patha ke anuyAyI haiM, jisakA pravartana aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne kiyA thaa| unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne bhAratIya samAja ke dalita varga ke utthAna tathA janmanAjAtivAda, karmakANDa va purohitavAda se mukti kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| unhoMne usa dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA, jo janasAmAnya kA dharma thA aura jise karmakANDoM kI apekSA naitika sadguNoM para adhiSThita kiyA gayA thaa| cAhe unhoMne bhAratIya samAja ko purohita varga ke dhArmika zoSaNa se mukta kiyA ho, phira bhI ve videzI nahIM haiM, (21)

Page #26
isa mATI kI saMtAna haiM, vezata-pratizata bhAratIya haiN| unakI bhUmikA eka zalya-cikitsaka kI bhUmikA hai, jo eka mitra kI bhUmikA hai, zatru kI nhiiN| jaina aura bauddha dharma aupaniSadika dhArA kA hI eka vikAsa hai aura Aja unheM usI pariprekSya meM samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| bhAratIya dharmoM vizeSarUpa se aupaniSadika, bauddha aura jaina dharmoM kI jisa pArasparika prabhAvazIlatA ke adhyayana kI Aja vizeSa AvazyakatA hai, use samajhane meM prAcIna stara ke jaina Agama, yathA-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana Adi hamAre dizA-nirdezaka siddha ho sakate haiN| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki ina graMthoM ke adhyayana se bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyetAoM ko eka naI dizA milegI aura yaha mithyA vizvAsa dUra ho jAegA ki jaina-dharma, bauddha-dharma aura hindU-dharma paraspara virodhI dharma haiN| AcArAMga meM hameM aise aneka sUtra upalabdha hote haiM, jo apane bhAva, zabdayojanA aura bhASAzailI kI dRSTi se aupaniSadika sUtroM ke nikaTa haiN| AcArAMga meM AtmA ke svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha mANDUkyopaniSad se yathAvat hai| AcArAMga meM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa kA ullekha paraspara pratispardhiyoM ke rUpa meM nahIM, apitu sahagAmiyoM ke rUpa meM hI milatA hai| cAhe AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi jainAgama hiMsaka yajJIya karmakANDa kA niSedha karate haiM, kiMtu ve brAhmaNoM ko bhI usI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika patha kA anugAmI mAnate haiM, jisa patha para zramaNa cala rahe the| unakI dRSTi meM brAhmaNa vaha hai, jo sadAcAra kA jIvaMta pratIka hai| usameM aneka sthaloM para zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM (samaNAmAhaNA) kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha huA hai| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM yadyapi tatkAlIna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA hai, kiMtu usake sAtha hI usameM aupaniSadika yuga ke aneka RSiyoM, yathA-videhanami, bAhuka, asitadevala, dvaipAyana, pArAzara Adi kA samAdarapUrvaka ullekha huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki yadyapi ina RSiyoM ke AcAra-niyama usakI AcAra-paramparA se bhinna the, phira bhI vaha unheM apanI arhat paramparA kA hI pUjya puruSa mAnatA hai| vaha unheM mahApuruSa aura tapodhanA ke rUpa meM ullekhita karatA hai aura yaha mAnatA hai ki unhoMne siddhi arthAt jIvana ke carama sAdhya mokSa ko prApta kara liyA thaa| sUtrakRtAMgakAra kI dRSTi meM ye RSigaNa bhinna AcAramArga kA pAlana karate hue bhI usakI apanI hI paramparA ke RSi the| sUtrakRtAMga meM ina RSiyoM ko siddhi prApta kahanA tathA uttarAdhyayana meM anyaliMga siddhoM kA astitva mAnanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina paramparA atyaMta udAra thI aura vaha mAnatI thI ki mukti kA adhikAra (22)

Page #27
kevala usake AcAra niyamoM kA pAlana karane vAle ko hI nahIM hai, apitu bhinna AcAra mArga kA pAlana karane vAlA bhI mukti kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| _ isI saMdarbha meM yahAM RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) kA ullekha karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, jo jaina Agama sAhitya kA prAMcInatama graMtha (I.pU. cauthI zatI) hai| jaina paramparA meM isa graMtha kA nirmANa usa samaya huA hogA, jaba jaina-dharma eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM vikasita nahIM huA thaa| isa graMtha meM nArada, asitadevala, aMgIrasa, pArAzara, aruNa, nArAyaNa, yAjJavalkya, uddAlaka, vidura, sAriputta, mahAkazyapa, maMkhaligosAla, saMjaya (velaTThiputta) Adi paiMtAlIsa RSiyoM kA ullekha hai aura ina sabhI ko arhatRSi, buddha-RSi evaM brAhmaNaRSi kahA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM inake AdhyAtmika aura naitika upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| jaina paramparA meM isa graMtha kI racanA isa tathya kA spaSTa saMketa hai ki aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI paramparA aura jaina paramparA kA udgama srota eka hI hai| yaha graMtha na kevala jaina dharma kI dhArmika udAratA kA sUcaka hai, apitu yaha bhI batAtA hai ki sabhI bhAratIya AdhyAtmika paramparAoM kA mUla srota eka hI hai| aupaniSadika, bauddha, jaina, AjIvaka, sAMkhya, yoga Adi sabhI usI mUla srota se nikalI huI dhArAeM haiN| jisa prakAra jaina dharma meM RSibhASita meM vibhinna paramparAoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM, usI prakAra bauddha paramparA kI theragAthA meM bhI vibhinna paramparAoM ke jina-sthaviroM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM, unameM bhI aneka aupaniSadika evaM anya zramaNa paramparA ke AcAryoM ke ullekha haiM, jinameM eka varddhamAna (mahAvIra) bhI haiN| yaha saba isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki bhAratIya paramparA prAcInakAla se hI udAra aura sahiSNu rahI hai aura usakI pratyeka dhArA meM yahI udAratA aura sahiSNutA pravAhita hotI rahI hai| Aja jaba hama sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM se jakar3a kara paraspara saMgharSoM meM ulajha gae haiM, ina graMthoM kA adhyayana hameM eka naI dRSTi pradAna kara sakatA hai| yadi bhAratIya sAMskRtika ciMtana kI ina dhArAoM ko ekadUsare se alaga kara dekhane kA prayatna kiyA jAegA, to hama unheM samyak rUpa se samajhane meM saphala nahIM ho skeNge| uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura AcArAMga ko samajhane ke lie aupaniSadika sAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra upaniSadoM aura bauddha sAhitya ko bhI jaina paramparA ke adhyayana ke abhAva meM samyak prakAra se nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| Aja sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM se Upara uThakara taTastha evaM tulanAtmaka rUpa se satya kA anveSaNa hI eka aisA vikalpa hai, jo sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se grasta mAnava ko mukti dilA sakatA hai| (23)

Page #28
bhAratIya darzana meM sAmAjika cetanA bhAratIya dArzanika ciMtana meM upasthita sAmAjika saMdarbho ko samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama hameM yaha jAna lenA cAhie ki kevala kucha dArzanika prasthAna hI sampUrNa bhAratIya prajJA evaM bhAratIya ciMtana kA pratinidhitva nahIM karate haiM, ina dArzanika prasthAnoM se haTakara bhI bhArata meM dArzanika ciMtana huA hai aura usameM anekAneka saMdarbha upasthita haiN| dUsareM yaha ki bhAratIya darzana mAtra bauddhika evaM saiddhAMtika hI nahIM hai, vaha anumUlyAtmaka evaM vyAvahArika bhI hai| koI bhI bhAratIya darzana aisA nahIM hai, jo mAtra tattvamImAMsIya (Metaphysical) evaM jJAna-mImAMsIya (Epistomological) ciMtana se hI saMtoSa dhAraNa kara letA ho| usameM jJAna jJAna ke lie nahIM, apitu jIvana ke saphala saMcAlana ke lie hai| usakA mUla duHkha kI samasyA ke nirAkaraNa meM hai| duHkha-mukti - yahI bhAratIya darzana kA 'atha' aura iti' hai| yadyapi tattva-mImAMsA pratyeka bhAratIya dArzanika prasthAna ke mahattvapUrNa aMga hI haiM, kiMtu ve samyak jIvanadRSTi ke nirmANa aura sAmAjika vyavahAra kI zuddhi ke lie haiN| bhAratIya ciMtana meM darzana kI dharma aura nIti se aviyojyatA usake sAmAjika saMdarbha ko aura bhI spaSTa kara detI hai| yahAM darzana jAnane kI nahIM, apitu jIne kI vastu rahA hai, vaha jJAna (bauddhika jJAna) nahIM, anubhUti hai aura isIlie vaha philAsaphI nahIM, darzana hai, jIvana jIne kA eka samyak dRSTikoNa hai| . yadyapi hamArA durbhAgya to yaha rahA ki madhya-yuga meM,darzana sAdhakoM aura RSimuniyoM ke hAthoM se nikalakara tathAkathita buddhijIviyoM ke hAthoM calA gayA, phalataH usameM tArkika pakSa pradhAna tathA anubhUtiparaka sAdhanA pakSa evaM AcAra-pakSa gauNa ho gayA aura hamArI jIvana-zailI se usakA riztA dhIre-dhIre TUTatA gyaa| sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya ciMtana ko hama tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM - 1. vaidika yuga, 2. aupaniSadika yuga evaM 3. jaina-bauddha yuga vaidika yuga meM janamAnasa meM sAmAjika cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA, jabaki aupaniSadika yuga meM sAmAjika cetanA ke lie dArzanika AdhAra (24)

Page #29
kA prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA aura jaina-bauddha yuga meM sAmAjika sambaMdhoM ke zuddhikaraNa para bala diyA gyaa| bhAratIya ciMtana kI pravartaka vaidika dhArA meM sAmAjikatA kA tattva usake prArambhika kAla se hI upasthita hai| vedoM meM sAmAjika jIvana kI saMkalpanA ke vyApaka saMdarbha haiN| vaidika RSi saphala evaM sahayogapUrNa sAmAjika jIvana ke lie abhyarthanA karate hue kahatA hai ki 'saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo mAnasi jAnatAm (Rgveda 10/191/2) tuma milakara calo, milakara bolo, tumhAre mana sAtha-sAtha vicAra kareM arthAt tumhAre jIvana vyavahAra meM sahayoga, tumhArI vANI meM samasvaratA aura tumhAre vicAroM meM samAnatA ho| Age punaH vaha kahatA hai - samAno maMtraH samitiH samAnI, samAnaM manaH sahacittameSAm / samAnI va AkRtiH samAnA hadayAnI vH|| samAnamastu vo mano yathA vaH susahAsati // (Rgveda 10/191/3-4) Apa sabake nirNaya samAna hoM , Apa sabakI sabhA bhI sabake lie samAna ho, arthAt sabake prati samAna vyavahAra kreN| ApakA mana bhI samAna ho aura ApakI cittavRtti bhI samAna ho, Apake saMkalpa eka hoM, Apake hRdaya eka hoM, ApakA mana bhI eka-rUpa ho, tAki Apa milajula kara acchI taraha se kArya kara skeN| sambhavataH sAmAjika jIvana evaM samAjaniSThA ke pariprekSya meM vaidika yuga ke bhAratIya ciMtaka ke ye mahattvapUrNa udgAra haiN| vaidika RSiyoM kA kRNvaM to vizvamAryam' ke rUpa meM eka susabhya evaM susaMskRta mAnava-samAja kI racanA kA mizana tabhI saphala ho sakatA thA, jabaki ve jana-jana meM samAja-niSThA ke bIja kA vapana krte| sahayogapUrNa jIvana-zailI unakA mUla maMtavya thaa| pratyeka avasara para zAMti-pATha ke mAdhyama se ve jana-jana meM sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kA prayAsa karate the| ve apane zAMti-pATha meM kahate the - OM sahanAvatu sahanobhunaktu sahavIryaM karavAvahe, tejasvinAvadhItamastu mA vidvssaavhe| (taittirIya AraNyaka, 8/2) hama saba sAtha-sAtha rakSita hoM, sAtha-sAtha poSita hoM, sAtha-sAtha sAmarthya ko prApta hoM, hamArA adhyayana tejasvI ho, hama Apasa meM vidveSa na kreN| vaidika samAja darzana kA Adarza thA - 'zata-hastaH samAhara, sahasrahastaHvikara' saikar3oM hAthoM se ikaTThA karo (25)

Page #30
aura hajAra hAthoM se bAMToM, kiMtu yaha bAMTane kI bAta dayA yA kRpA nahIM hai, apitu sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha hai, kyoMki bhAratIya ciMtana meM dAna ke lie saMvibhAga zabda kA prayoga hotA rahA hai, isameM sama vitaraNa yA sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha hI pramukha hai, kRpA, dayA, karuNA- ye saba gauNa haiN| AcArya zaMkara ne dAna kI vyAkhyA kI hai 'dAnaM sNvibhaagm'| jaina darzana meM to atithi-saMvibhAga ke rUpa meM eka svataMtra vrata kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| vaidika RSiyoM kA niSkarSa thA ki jo akelA khAtA hai, vaha pApI hai (kevalAgho bhavi kevlaadii)| jaina dArzanika bhI kahate the 'asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho', jo samavibhAgI nahIM hai, usakI mukti nahIM hogii| isa prakAra hama vaidika yuga meM sahayoga evaM sahajIvana kA saMkalpa upasthita pAte haiM, kiMtu usake lie dArzanika AdhAra kA prastutikaraNa aupaniSadika ciMtana meM hI huA hai| aupaniSadika RSi 'ekastathA sarvabhUtAntarAtmA' 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma' tathA IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam' ke rUpa meM ekatva kI anubhUti karane lgaa| aupaniSadika ciMtana meM vaiyaktika se Upara uThakara sAmAjika ekatA ke lie abheda-niSThA kA sarvotkRSTa tAttvika AdhAra prastuta kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra jahAM vedoM kI samAja-niSThA bahirmukhI thI, vahIM upaniSadoM meM Akara aMtarmukhI ho gii| bhAratIya darzana meM yaha abheda-niSThA hI sAmAjika ekatva kI cetanA evaM sAmAjika samatA kA AdhAra banI hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad kA RSi kahatA thA - yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / sarva-bhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupste|| jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apane meM aura apane ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai, vaha apanI isa ekAtmA kI anubhUti ke kAraNa kisI se ghRNA nahIM karatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana ke vikAsa kA AdhAra ekAtmA kI anubhUti hai aura jaba ekAtmA kI dRSTi kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai, to ghRNA aura vidveSa ke tattva svataH samApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra jahAM eka ora aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne ekAtmA kI cetanA ko jAgrata kara sAmAjika jIvana ke vinAzaka ghRNA evaM vidveSa ke tattvoM ko samApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne sampatti ke vaiyaktika adhikAra kA nirasana kara IzvarIya sampadA arthAt sAmUhika sampadA kA vicAra bhI prastuta kiyaa| IzAvAsyopaniSad ke prArambha meM hI RSi kahatA hai - IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM yatkiJca jagatyAM jagat / tena tyaktena bhuMjIthAH mA gRddha kasyasviddhanam / / - IzA., 1/1 (26)

Page #31
arthAt, isa jagat meM jo kucha bhI hai, vaha sabhI IzvarIya hai, aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jise vaiyaktika kahA jA ske| isa prakAra zloka ke pUrvArddha meM vaiyaktika adhikAra kA nirasana karake samaSTi ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| zloka ke uttarArddha meM vyakti ke upabhoga evaM saMgraha ke adhikAra ko maryAdita karate hue kahA gayA ki prakRti kI jo bhI upalabdhiyAM haiM, unameM dUsaroM (arthAt samAja ke dUsare sadasyoM) kA bhI bhAga hai, ataH unake bhAga ko chor3akara hI unakA upayoga karo, saMgraha yA lAlaca mata karo, kyoMki sampatti kisI eka kI nahIM hai| sambhavataH sAmAjikatA kI cetanA ke vikAsa ke lie isase adhika mahattvapUrNa dUsarA kathana nahIM ho sakatA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki gAMdhIjI ne isa zloka ke saMdarbha meM kahA thA ki yadi bhAratIya sAhitya saMskRti kA sabhI kucha naSTa ho jAe, kiMtu yaha zloka banA rahe, to yaha akelA hI usakI abhivyakti meM samartha hai| tena tyaktena bhuMjIthAH meM samagra sAmAjika cetanA keMdrita dikhAI detI hai| yadi hama upaniSadoM ke pazcAt mahAbhArata aura usake hI eka aMza gItA kI ora Ate haiM, to yahAM bhI hameM sAmAjika cetanA kA spaSTa darzana hotA hai| mahAbhArata to itanA vyApaka graMtha hai ki usameM upasthita samAja-darzana para eka svataMtra mahAnibaMdha likhA jA sakatA hai| sarvaprathama mahAbhArata meM aura usake pazcAt AcArya zAMtideva ke bodhicaryAvatAra meM hameM samAja kI AMgika saMkalpanA kA vaha siddhAMta parilakSita hotA hai, jisa para pAzcAtya ciMtana meM sarvAdhika bala diyA gayA hai| AcArya zAMtideva likhate 'kAyasyAvayatvena yathAbhISTA kraadyH| jaMgato 'vayavatvena tathA kasmAna dehinH||' . (bodhicaryAvatAra, 8/114) jisa prakAra hAtha Adi zarIra ke avayava hone ke kAraNa priya hote haiM, vaise hI saba prANI jagat ke avayava hone ke kAraNa kyoM priya nahIM hoMge? gItA bhI isa ekAtmatA kI anubhUti para bala detI hai| gItAkAra kahatA hai ki - 'Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjun| sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI prmomtH||' (gItA, 6/32) arthAt, jo sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti meM sabhI ko apane samAna samajhatA hai, vahI saccA yogI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, vaha to isase Age yaha bhI kahatA hai ki saccA (27)

Page #32
darzana yA jJAna vahI hai, jo hameM ekAtmA kI anubhUti karAtA hai- 'avibhaktaM vibhakteSu . tajjJAnaM viddhi saatvikm'| vaiyaktika hamArI samAja-niSThA kA ekamAtra AdhAra hai| sAmAjika dRSTi sarvabhUta-hite ratAH' gItA kA sAmAjika Adarza bhI prastuta karatI hai| anAsakta bhAva se yukta hokara loka-kalyANa ke lie kArya karate rahanA hI gItA ke samAja darzana kA mUla mantavya hai| zrIkRSNa spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM - 'te prApnuvanti mAmeva sarvabhUtahite rtaaH|' (gItA, 12/4) . mAtra itanA hI nahIM, gItA meM sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke nirvahana para bhI pUrA-pUrA bala diyA gayA hai| jo apane sAmAjika dAyitvoM ko pUrNa kie binA bhoga karatA hai, vaha gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM cora hai (stena eva saH, 3/12), sAtha hI jo mAtra apane lie pakAtA hai, vaha pApa kA hI arjana karatA hai (bhuMjate te tvaghaM pApA ye pacantyAtmakAraNAt 3/13) / gItA hameM samAja meM rahakara hI jIvana jIne kI zikSA detI hai, isalie usane saMnyAsa kI navIna paribhASA bhI prastuta kI hai| vaha kahatI hai ki-... 'kAmyAnAM karmaNA nyAsaM saMnyAsaM kavayo viduH|' (gItA, 18/2) kAmya arthAt svArthayukta karmoM kA tyAga hI saMnyAsa hai, kevala niragni aura niSkriya ho jAnA saMnyAsa nahIM hai| sacce saMnyAsI kA lakSaNa hai- samAja meM rahakara loka. kalyANa ke lie anAsakta bhAva se karma karatA rhe| anAzritaH karmaphalaM kArya karoti yH| sa saMnyAsI ca yogI ca na niragni ca caakriyH|| (gItA 6/1) gItA meM zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki loka-zikSA ko cAhate hue karma karatA rahe (kuryAt vidvAn tathAsaktaH cikIrSuH lokasaMgraham 3/25) / gItA meM guNAzrita karma ke AdhAra para varNa-vyavasthA kA jo Adarza prastuta kiyA thA, vaha bhI sAmAjika dRSTi se kartavyoM evaM dAyitvoM ke vibhAjana kA eka mahattvapUrNa kArya thA, yadyapi bhAratIya samAja kA yaha durbhAgya thA ki guNa arthAt vaiyaktika yogyatA ke AdhAra para karma evaM varNa kA yaha vibhAjana kinhIM svArthoM ke kAraNa janmanA banA diyA gyaa| gItA varNa-vyavasthA ko to svIkAra karatI hai, kiMtu janma ke AdhAra para nahIM, guNa evaM karma ke AdhAra para (cAturvartya mayAsuSTaM guNa-karmavibhAgazaH - gItA, 4/13) gItA meM zrIkRSNa spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki (28)

Page #33
brAhmaNa kSatriya vizAM zUdrANAM ca paraMtapa / karmANi pravibhaktAni svabhAva prabhavairguNaiH // (gItA, 18/41) he arjuna ! brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke karmoM kA vibhAjana unake svabhAva se utpanna guNoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA evaM saMgharSa kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa sampatti kA adhikAra hai| zrImadbhAgavata bhI IzAvAsyopaniSad ke samAna hI sampatti para vyakti ke adhikAra ko asvIkAra karatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai - yAvat bhriyeta jaTharaM, tAvat svatvaM dehinAm / adhiko yo'bhimanyeta sa steno daNDamarhati // - zrImadbhAgavata, 7/14/8 arthAt, apanI daihika AvazyakatA se adhika sampadA para apanA svatva mAnanA sAmAjika dRSTiM se corI hai, anadhikRta ceSTA hai| Aja kA samAjavAda evaM sAmyavAda bhI isI Adarza para khar3A hai, yogyatA ke anusAra kArya aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra vetana'kI usakI dhAraNA yahAM pUrI taraha upasthita hai| bhAratIya ciMtana meM puNya aura pApa ko jo vargIkaraNa hai, usameM bhI sAmAjika dRSTi hI pramukha hai| pApa ke rUpa meM jina durguNoM kA aura puNya ke rUpa meM jina sadguNoM kA ullekha hai, unakA sambaMdha vaiyaktika jIvana kI apekSA sAmAjika jIvana se adhika hai| puNya aura pApa kI ekamAtra kasauTI haikisI karma kA loka-maMgala meM upayogI yA anupayogI honaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - . paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya prpiiddnm|' jo loka ke lie hitakara tathA kalyANakara hai, puNya hai aura isake viparIta, jo bhI dUsaroM ke lie pIr3A-janaka hai, amaMgalakara hai, vaha pApa hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya ciMtana meM puNya-pApa kI vyAkhyAeM bhI sAmAjika dRSTi para hI AdhArita haiN| - yadi hama nivarttaka dhArA ke samarthaka jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya, yoga evaM zAMkara vedAMta kI ora dRSTipAta karate haiM, to prathama dRSTi meM aisA lagatA hai ki inameM samAja kI dRSTi kI upekSA kI gaI hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki nivRtti-pradhAna darzana vyakti-paraka aura pravRtti-pradhAna darzana samAja-paraka hote haiN| paM. sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM pravartaka dharma kA saMkSepa sAra yaha hai ki jo aura jaisI samAja vyavasthA hai, use isa taraha niyamabaddha karanA ki jisase samAja kA pratyeka sabhya apanI-apanI sthiti aura kakSA ke (29)

Page #34
anurUpa sukha lAbha kre| pravartaka dharma samAja-gAmI thA, isakA matalaba yaha thA ki pratyeka vyakti samAja meM rahakara (una) sAmAjika kartavyoM kA pAlana kare, jo aihika jIvana se sambaMdha rakhate haiN| (jabaki) nivarttakadharma vyaktigAmI hai, (vaha) samasta sAmAjika evaM dhArmika kartavyoM se baddha hone kI bAta nahIM kahatA hai| usake anusAra vyakti ke lie mukhya karttavya eka hI hai, vaha yaha ki jisa taraha bhI ho, Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA aura usameM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI icchA ke nAza kA prayatna kare (darzana aura ciMtana), kiMtu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lenA ki bhAratIya ciMtana kI nivarttaka dhArA ke samarthaka arthAt jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya, yoga, zAMkara vedAMta Adi darzana asAmAjika haiM, yA ina darzanoM meM sAmAjika saMdarbha kA abhAva hai, nitAMta bhrama hogaa| inameM bhI sAmAjika bhAvanA se parAMGgamukhatA nahIM dikhAI detI hai| ye darzana itanA to avazya mAnate haiM ki cAhe vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ekAkI jIvana lAbhaprada ho sakatA hai, kiMtu usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa kI dizA meM hI honA caahie| mahAvIra, buddha aura zaMkarAcArya kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki ve jJAna-prApti ke pazcAt jIvanaparyaMta loka-maMgala ke lie kArya karate rhe| yadyapi ina nivRttipradhAna darzanoM meM jo sAmAjika saMdarbha upasthita haiM, ve thor3e bhinna prakAra ke avazya haiN| inameM mUlataH sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi kA prayAsa parilakSita hotA hai| sAmAjika saMdarbha kI dRSTi se inameM samAjaracanA evaM sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvahana kI apekSA samAja-jIvana ko dUSita banAne vAle tattvoM ke nirasana para bala diyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke paMca mahAvrata, bauddha darzana ke paMcazIla aura yoga darzana ke paMca yamoM kA sambaMdha anivAryatayA hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se hI hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra nAmaka jaina Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara kA yaha sukathita pravacana sabhI prANiyoM ke rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai| pAMcoM mahAvrata sarvaprakAra se lokahita ke lie hI haiM - (praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1/1/21-22) / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra, saMgraha (parigraha)- ye saba vaiyaktika nahIM, sAmAjika jIvana kI duSpravRttiyAM haiN| ye saba dUsaroM ke prati hamAre vyavahAra se sambaMdhita haiN| hiMsA kA artha hai kisI anya kI hiMsA, asatya kA matalaba hai kisI anya ko galata jAnakArI denA, corI kA artha hai- kisI dUsare kI sampatti kA apaharaNa karanA, isI prakAra saMgraha yA parigraha kA artha hai- samAja meM Arthika viSamatA paidA krnaa| kyA samAja jIvana ke abhAva meM inakA koI artha yA saMdarbha raha jAtA hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kI jo maryAdAeM ina darzanoM ne dIM, ve hamAre sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi ke (30)

Page #35
lie hI haiN| . isI prakAra ina darzanoM kI sAdhanA paddhati meM samAna rUpa se prastuta maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha kI bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para bhI sAmAjika saMdarbha ko spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya amitagati ina bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti nimna zabdoM meM karate haiM - sAtveSu maitrI guNISu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpA-paratvam / mAdhyastha-bhAvaM viparItavRttau sadAmaAtmA vidadhAtu deva // - sAmAyika pATha he prabhu ! hamAre manoM meM prANiyoM ke prati mitratA, guNIjanoM ke prati pramoda, duHkhiyoM ke prati karuNA tathA duSTajanoM ke prati mAdhyastha bhAva vidyamAna rheN| isa prakAra ina bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se samAja ke vibhinna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM se hamAre sambaMdha kisa prakAra ke hoM, yahI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| samAja se dUsare logoM ke sAtha hama kisa prakAra jIvana jIe, yaha hamArI sAmAjikatA ke lie ati Avazyaka hai aura ina darzanoM meM isa prakAra se vyakti ko samAja-jIvana se jor3ane kA hI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ina darzanoM kA hRdaya rikta nahIM hai| inameM prema aura karuNA kI aTUTa dhArA baha rahI hai| tIrthaMkara kI vANI kA prasphuTana hI loka kI karuNA ke lie hotA hai, (samecca loye kheyanne paNDabeiye), isIlie to AcArya samantabhadra likhate haiM- 'sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodaya tIrthamidaM tavaiva', 'he prabhu ! ApakA anuzAsana sabhI duHkhoM kA aMta karane vAlA aura sabhI kA kalyANa, sarvodaya karane vAlA hai| jaina AgamoM meM prastuta kula-dharma, grAma-dharma, nagaradharma, rASTra-dharma evaM gaNa-dharma bhI usakI samAja-sApekSatA ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| tripiTaka meM bhI aneka saMdarbho meM vyakti ke vividha sAmAjika sambaMdhoM ke AdarzoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| ina saba para isa laghu nibaMdha meM prakAza DAla pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| pArivArika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM hamAre pArasparika sambaMdhoM ko sumadhura evaM samAyojanapUrNa banAne ' tathA sAmAjika TakarAva ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara unheM dUra karane ke lie ina darzanoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| . vastutaH ina darzanoM ne AcAra zuddhi para bala dekara vyakti sudhAra ke mAdhyama se samAja-sudhAra kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| inhoMne vyakti ko samAja kA keMdra mAnA aura isalie usake caritra ke nirmANa para bala diyaa| vastutaH ina darzanoM ke yuga kA samAjaracanA kA kArya pUrA ho cukA thA, ataH inhoMne mukhya rUpa se sAmAjika burAiyoM ko (31)

Page #36
samApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi para bala diyaa| (4) sambhavataH bhAratIya darzana ko jina AdhAroM para sAmAjika jIvana se kaTA huA mAnA jAtA hai, unameM pramukha haiM- rAga yA Asakti kA prahANa, saMnyAsa yA nivRtti mArga kI pradhAnatA tathA mokSa kA pratyayA ye hI aise tattva haiM, jo vyakti ko sAmAjika jIvana se alaga karate haiM, ataH bhAratIya saMdarbha meM ina pratyayoM kI sAmAjika dRSTi se samIkSA Avazyaka hai| . sarvaprathama bhAratIya darzana Asakti, rAga yA tRSNA kI samApti para bala detA hai, kiMtu prazna yaha hai ki kyA Asakti yA rAga se Upara uThane kI bAta sAmAjika jIvana se alaga karatI hai| sAmAjika jIvana kA AdhAra pArasparika sambaMdha hai aura sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki rAga se mukti yA Asakti kI samApti tabhI sambhava hai, jabaki vyakti apane ko sAmAjika-jIvana se yA pArivArika jIvana se alaga kara le, kiMtu yaha eka bhrAMta dhAraNA hI hai| na to sambaMdha tor3a dene mAtra se rAga samApta ho jAtA hai, na rAga ke abhAva mAtra se sambaMdha TUTa jAte haiM, vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki rAga yA Asakti kI upasthiti meM hamAre yathArtha sAmAjika sambaMdha hI nahIM bana paate| sAmAjika jIvana aura sAmAjika sambaMdhoM ke mUla meM vyakti kI rAga-bhAvanA hI kAma karatI hai| sAmAnyatayA rAga dveSa kA sahagAmI hotA hai aura jaba sambaMdha rAga dveSa ke AdhAra para khar3e hote haiM, to ina sambaMdhoM se TakarAhaTa evaM viSamatA svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotI hai| bodhicaryAvatAra meM AcArya zAMtideva likhate haiM - upadravA ye ca bhavanti loke yAvanti duHkhAni bhayAni caiv| sarvANi tAnyAtma parigraheNa tat kiM mamAnena parigraha / AtmAn parityajya duHkha tyaiktuM na shkyte|| . __- bodhicaryAvatAra, 8/134-135 saMsAra ke sabhI duHkha aura bhaya evaM tadjanya upadrava mamatva ke kAraNa hote haiN| jaba taka mamatva buddhi kA parityAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka ina duHkhoM kI samApti sambhava nahIM hai, jaise agni kA parityAga kie binA tajanya dAha se bacanA asambhava hai| rAga hameM sAmAjika jIvana se jor3atA nahIM hai, apitu tor3atA hI hai| rAga ke kAraNa merA yA mamatva bhAva utpanna hotA hai| mere sambaMdhI, merI jAti, merA dharma, merA rASTra - ye vicAra vikasita hote haiM aura usake pariNAmasvarUpabhAI-bhatIjAvAda, jAtivAda, sAmpradAyikatA (32)

Page #37
aura saMkucita rASTravAda kA janma hotA hai| Aja mAnava jAti ke sumadhura sAmAjika sambaMdhoM meM ye hI sabase adhika bAdhaka tattva haiN| ye manuSya ko pArivArika, jAtIya, sAmpradAyika aura rASTrIya kSudra svArthoM se Upara nahIM uThane dete haiN| ve hI Aja kI viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa haiN| bhAratIya darzana ne rAga yA Asakti ke prahANa para bala dekara sAmAjikatA kI eka yathArtha dRSTi hI pradAna kI hai| prathama to yaha ki rAga kisI para hotA hai aura jo kisI para hotA hai, vaha saba nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH rAga se Upara uThe binA yA Asakti chor3e binA sAmAjikatA kI saccI bhUmikA prApta nahIM kI jA sktii| sAmAjika jIvana kI viSamatAoM kA mUla sva' kI saMkucita sImA hI hai| vyakti jise apanA mAnatA hai, usake hita kI kAmanA karatA hai aura jise parAyA mAnatA hai, usake hita kI upekSA karatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM zoSaNa, krUra vyavahAra, ghRNA Adi sabhI unhIM ke prati kie jAte haiM, jinheM hama apanA nahIM mAnate haiN| yadyapi yaha bar3A kaThina kArya hai ki hama apanI rAgAtmakatA yA mamatvavRtti kA pUrNatayA visarjana kara sakeM, kiMtu yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki usakA eka sImA taka visarjana kie binA apekSita sAmAjika jIvana kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| vyakti kA mamatva, cAhe vaha vyaktigata jIvana, pArivArika jIvana yA rASTra kI sImA taka vistRta ho, hameM svArtha-bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uThane detaa| svahita kI vRtti, cAhe vaha parivAra ke prati ho yA rASTra ke prati, samAna rUpa se sAmAjika virodhI hI siddha hotI hai| usake hote hue saccA sAmAjika jIvana phalita nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra parivAra ke prati mamatva kA saghana rUpa hamameM rASTrIya cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra rASTrIyatA ke prati bhI mamatva saccI mAnavIya ekatA meM sahAyaka siddha nahIM ho sktaa| jina rASTroM meM vyAvahArika saccAI evaM prAmANikatA hai, ve bhI aMtarrASTrIya kSetra meM satyaniSTha aura prAmANika nahIM haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti kA jIvana jaba taka rAga yA Asakti se Upara nahIM uThatA, taba taka sAmAjikatA kA sadbhAva sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| samAja tyAga evaM samarpaNa ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai, ataH vItarAga yA anAsakta dRSTi hI sAmAjika jIvana ke lie vAstavika AdhAra prastuta kara sakatI hai aura sampUrNa mAnava-jAti meM sumadhura sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kA nirmANa kara sakatI hai| bhAratIya darzana meM rAga ke sAtha-sAtha ahaM ke pratyaya ke vigalana para bhI samAna rUpa se bala diyA gayA hai| ahaM bhAva bhI hamAre sAmAjika sambaMdhoM meM bAdhA hI utpanna karatA hai| zAsana kI icchA yA Adhipatya kI bhAvanA isake pramukha tattva haiM aura inake kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA evaM TakarAhaTa utpanna hotI hai| bhAratIya darzana (33)

Page #38
ahaM ke pratyaya ke vigalana ke dvArA sAmAjika jIvana meM parataMtratA ko samApta karatA hai| yadi hama sAmAjika sambaMdhoM meM utpanna hone vAlI viSamatA evaM TakarAhaTa ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kareM, to usake mUla meM hamArI Asakti, rAgAtmakatA yA ahaM hI pramukha haiN| Asakti, mamatva bhAva yA rAga ke kAraNa hI manuSya meM saMgraha, Aveza aura kapaTAcAra ke tattva janma lete haiN| saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, svArthapUrNa vyavahAra evaM vizvAsaghAta ke tattva vikasita hote haiN| isI prakAra Aveza kI manovRtti ke kAraNa krUra vyavahAra, saMgharSa, yuddha evaM hatyAeM hotI haiM aura kapaTa kI manovRtti avizvAsa evaM amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra ko janma detI hai, ataH yaha kahanA ucita hI hogA ki bhAratIya darzana ne rAga yA Asakti ke prahANa para bala dekara sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko samApta karane evaM sAmAjika samatva kI sthApanA karane meM mahattvapUrNa sahayoga diyA hai| samAja tyAga evaM samarpaNa para khar3A hotA hai, jItA hai aura vikasita hotA hai, yaha bhAratIya ciMtana kA mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa hai| vastutaH Asakti yA rAga tattva kI upasthiti meM saccA lokahita bhI phalita nahIM hotA hai| Asakti yA karma-phala kI AkAMkSA ke sAtha kiyA gayA koI bhI loka-hita kA kArya svArthaparatA se zUnya nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra zAsana kI ora se niyukta samAja-kalyANa adhikArI lokahita ko karate hue bhI sacce arthoM meM lokahita kA kartA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha jo kucha bhI karatA hai, vaha kevala apane vetana ke lie karatA hai, isI prakAra Asakti yA rAga-bhAvanA se yukta, cAhe bAhara se lokahita kA kartA dikhAI de, kiMtu vaha sacce artha meM lokahita kA kartA nahIM hai| ataH, bhAratIya darzana ne Asakti se yA rAga se Upara uThakara lokahita karane ke lie eka yathArtha bhUmikA pradAna kii| sarAga lokahita yA phalAsakti se yukta lokahita chadma svArtha hI hai, ataH bhAratIya darzanoM meM anAsakti evaM vItarAgatA ke pratyaya para jo kucha bala diyA hai, vaha sAmAjikatA kA virodhI nahIM hai| (5) sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya darzana ke saMnyAsa ke pratyaya ko samAja nirapekSa mAnA jAtA hai, kiMtu kyA saMnyAsa kI dhAraNA samAja-nirapekSa hai? nizcaya hI saMnyAsI pArivArika jIvana kA tyAga karatA hai, kiMtu isase kyA vaha asAmAjika ho sakatA hai? saMnyAsa ke saMkalpa meM vaha kahatA hai ki 'vitteSaNA patreSaNA lokeSaNA mayA parityaktA, arthAt maiM dharma-kAmanA, saMtAna-kAmanA aura yaza-kAmanA kA parityAga karatA hUM, kiMtu kyA dhana-sampadA, saMtAna tathA zAzakIrti kI kAmanA kA parityAga samAja kA parityAga hai? (34)

Page #39
vastutaH, samasta eSaNAoM kA tyAga svArtha kA tyAga hai, vAsanAmaya jIvana kA tyAga hai, saMnyAsa kA yaha saMkalpa use samAja-vimukha nahIM banAtA hai, apitu samAja-kalyANa kI uccatara bhUmikA para adhiSThita karatA hai, kyoMki lokahita niHsvArthatA evaM virAga kI bhUmi para sthita hokara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya ciMtana saMnyAsa ko samAja-nirapekSa nahIM maantaa| bhagavAn buddha kA yaha Adeza 'carattha bhikkhave cArikaM bahujana-hitAya bahujana-sukhAya lokAnukampAya atthAya hitAya deva manusmAnaM' (vinaya piTaka-mahAvagga) isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki saMnyAsa loka-maMgala ke lie hotA hai| saccA saMnyAsI vaha vyakti hai, jo samAja se alpatama lekara use adhikatama detA hai| vastutaH kuTumba, parivAra Adi kA tyAga isalie karatA hai ki vaha samaSTi kA hokara rahe, kyoMki jo kisI kA hai, vaha sabakA nahIM ho sakatA, jo sabakA hai, vaha kisI eka kA nahIM hai| saMnyAsI niHsvArtha aura niSkAma rUpa se loka-maMgala-sAdhaka hotA hai| saMnyAsa zabda sampUrvaka nyAsa hai, nyAsa zabda kA eka artha dekharekha karanA bhI hai| saMnyAsI vaha vyakti hai, jo samyak rUpa se eka nyAsI (TrasTI) kI bhUmikA adA karatA hai aura nyAsI vaha hai, jo mamatva bhAva aura svAmitva kA tyAga karake kisI TrasTa (sampadA) kA rakSaNa evaM vikAsa karatA hai| saMnyAsI sacce artha meM eka TrasTI hai| TrasTI yadi TrasTa kA upayoga apane hita meM karatA hai, apane ko usakA svAmI samajhatA hai, to vaha samyak TrasTI nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra yadi vaha TrasTa ke rakSaNa evaM vikAsa kA prayatna na kare, to bhI sacce artha meM TrasTI nahIM hai| isI prakAra yadi saMnyAsI lokeMSaNA se yukta hai, mamatva-buddhi yA svArtha-buddhi se kAma karatA hai, to saMnyAsI nahIM hai aura yadi loka kI upekSA karatA hai, lokaM maMgala ke lie prayAsa nahIM karatA hai, to vaha bhI saMnyAsI nahIM hai| usake jIvana kA mizana to sarvabhUta-hite rataH' kA hai| saMnyAsa kA rAga se Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai, kiMtu isakA tAtparya samAja kI upekSA nahIM hai| saMnyAsa kI bhUmikA meM svatva evaM mamatva ke lie nizcaya hI koI sthAna nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha palAyana nahIM, apitu samarpaNa hai| mamatva kA parityAga karttavya kI upekSA nahIM hai, apitu karttavya kA sahI bodha hai| saMnyAsI usa bhUmikA para khar3A hotA hai, jahAM vyakti apane samaSTi ko aura samaSTi meM apane ko dekhatA hai| usakI cetanA apane aura parAe ke bheda se Upara uTha jAtI hai| apane aura parAe ke vicAra se Upara ho jAnA vimukhatA nahIM hai, apitu yaha to usake hRdaya kI vyApakatA hai, mahAnatA hai, isalie (35)

Page #40
bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne kahA hai - ___ ayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA lghucetsaam| udAracaritAnAM tu basudhaiva kuTumbakam // saMnyAsa kI bhUmikA na to Asakti kI bhUmikA hai aura na upekSA kii| usakI vAstavika sthiti 'dhAya' (narsa) ke samAna samatvarahita karttavya bhAva kI hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - ___sama dRSTi jIvar3A kare kuTumba prtipaal| - antara sUM nyArA jUMdhAya khilAve baal|| vastutaH nirmamatva evaM niHsvArtha bhAva se tathA vaiyaktikatA aura svArtha se Upara uThakara kartavya kA pAlana hI saMnyAsa kI saccI bhUmikA hai| saMnyAsI vaha vyakti hai, jo loka maMgala ke lie apane vyaktitva evaM apane zarIra ko samarpita kara detA hai| vaha jo kucha bhI tyAga karatA hai, vaha samAja ke lie eka Adarza banatA hai| samAja meM naitika cetanA ko jAgrata karanA tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM Ane vAlI duHpravRttiyoM se vyakti ko bacAkara loka maMgala ke lie use dizA-nirdeza denA saMnyAsI kA sarvopari karttavya mAnA gayA hai, ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya darzana meM saMnyAsa kI jo bhUmikA prastuta kI gaI hai, vaha sAmAjikatA kI virodhI nahIM hai| saMnyAsI kSudra svArtha se Upara uThakara khar3A huA vyakti hotA hai, jo Adarza samAja racanA ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| aba hama mokSa ke pratyaya kI sAmAjika upAdeyatA para carcA karanA caaheNge| (6) bhAratIya darzana mAnava jIvana ke lie artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa- ina cAra puruSArthoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| yadi hama sAmAjika jIvana ke saMdarbha meM ina para vicAra karate haiM, to inameM se artha, kAma aura dharma kA sAmAjika jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| prAcIna kAla meM ina tInoM kI sAdhanA ko trivarga kI sAdhanA kahA jAtA thaa| sAmAjika jIvana meM hI ina tInoM puruSArthoM kI upalabdhi sambhava hai| arthopArjana aura kAma kA sevana to sAmAjika jIvana se jur3A huA hI hotA hai, kiMtu bhAratIya ciMtana meM dharma bhI sAmAjika vyavasthA aura zAMti ke lie hI hai, kyoMki dharma ko 'dharmodhArayate prajAH' ke rUpa meM paribhASita kara usakA sambaMdha bhI hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se jor3A gayA hai, vaha lokamaryAdA aura loka-vyavasthA kA hI sUcaka hai| ataH, puruSArtha-catuSTaya meM kevala mokSa hI eka aisA puruSArtha hai, jisakI sAmAjika sArthakatA vicAraNIya hai| prazna yaha hai ki kyA (36)

Page #41
mokSa kI dhAraNA sAmAjika dRSTi se upAdeya ho sakatI hai? jahAM taka mokSa kI maraNottara avasthA yA tattvamImAMsIya dhAraNA kA prazna hai, usa sambaMdha meM na to bhAratIya darzanoM meM hI ekarUpatA hai aura na hI usakI koI sAmAjika sArthakatA hI khojI jA sakatI hai, kiMtu isI AdhAra para mokSa ko anupAdeya mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika isa sambaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki mokSa kA sambaMdha mukhyataH manuSya kI manovRtti se hai| baMdhana aura mukti-donoM hI manuSya ke manovegoM se sambaMdhita haiN| rAga, dveSa, Asakti, tRSNA, mamatva, ahaM Adi kI manovRttiyAM hI baMdhana haiM aura inase mukta honA hI mukti| mukti kI vyAkhyA karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne kahA thA ki moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kI avasthA hI mukti hai| AcArya zaMkara kahate haiM'vAsanAprakSayo mokSaH' (viveka cUr3AmaNi, 318) vastutaH, moha aura kSobha hamAre jIvana se jur3e hue haiM aura isalie mukti kA sambaMdha bhI hamAre jIvana se hI hai| merI dRSTi meM mokSa mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai| yadi hama mokSa ke pratyaya kI sAmAjika sArthakatA ke sambaMdha meM vicAra karanA cAhate haiM, to hameM inhIM manovRttiyoM evaM mAnasika vikSobhoM ke saMdarbha meM usa para vicAra karanA hogaa| sambhavataH isa sambaMdha meM koI bhI do mata nahIM rakhegA ki rAga, dveSa, tRSNA, Asakti, mamatva, IrSyA Adi kI manovRttiyAM hamAre sAmAjika jIvana ke lie adhika bAdhaka haiN| yadi ina manovRttiyoM se mukta honA hI mukti kA hArda hai, to mukti kA sambaMdha hamAre sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| mokSa mAtra eka maraNottara avasthA nahIM hai, apitu vaha hamAre jIvana se sambaMdhita hai| mokSa ko puruSArtha mAnA gayA hai, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha isI jIvana meM prAptavya hai| jo loga mokSa ko eka maraNottara avasthA mAnate haiM, ve mokSa ke vAstavika svarUpa se anabhijJa haiN| AcArya zaMkara likhate haiM - dehasya mokSo no mokSo na daNDasya kamaNDalauH / avidyA hRdaya granthi mokSo ytsttH|| - viveka cUr3AmaNi, 559 _maraNottara mokSa yA videha-mukti sAdhya nahIM hai| usake lie koI sAdhanA apekSita nahIM hai| jisa prakAra mRtyu janma lene kA anivArya pariNAma hai, usI pakAra videha-mukti to jIvana-mukti kA anivArya pariNAma hai| ataH, jo prAptavya hai, jo puruSArtha hai aura jo sAdhya hai, vaha to jIvana-mukti hI hai| jIvana-mukti ke pratyaya kI sAmAjika sArthakatA (37)

Page #42
se hama iMkAra bhI nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki jIvana-mukti eka aisA vyaktitva hai, jo sadaiva loka-kalyANa ke lie prastuta rahatA hai| jainadarzana meM tIrthaMkara bauddhadarzana meM arhat evaM bodhisatva aura vaidika darzana meM sthitaprajJA kI jo dhAraNAeM prastuta kI gaI haiM aura unake vyaktitva ko jisa rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, usase hama nizcaya hI isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki mokSa ke pratyaya kI sAmAjika upAdeyatA bhI hai| vaha loka-maMgala aura mAnava-kalyANa kA eka mahAn Adarza mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jana-jana kA duHkhoM se mukta honA hI mukti hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, bhAratIya ciMtana meM vaiyaktika mukti kI apekSA bhI loka kalyANa ke lie prayatnazIla bane rahane ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM bodhisatva kA aura gItA meM sthitaprajJa kA jo Adarza prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha hameM spaSTa rUpa se batAtA hai ki kevala vaiyaktika mukti ko prApta kara lenA hI aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| bodhisatva to loka maMgala ke lie apane baMdhana aura duHkha kI koI paravAha nahIM karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai - bahUnAmeka - duHkhena yadi dukhaM vigcchti| utpAdyameva tad duHkhaM sadayena praatmnoH|| mucyamAneSu satveSu ye te graamodysaagraaH| - taireva nanu paryAptaM mokSeNArakena kim // - bodhicaryAvatAra, 8/105, 108 yadi eka ke kaSTa uThAne se bahutoM kA duHkha dUra hotA ho, to karuNApUrvaka unake duHkha dUra karanA hI acchA hai| prANiyoM ko duHkhoM se mukta hotA huA dekhakara jo AnaMda prApta hotA hai, vahI kyA kama hai, phira apane mokSa prApta karane kI icchA kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? vaiyaktika mukti kI dhAraNA kI AlocanA karate hue aura jana-jana kI mukti ke lie apane saMkalpa ko spaSTa karate hue bhAgavata ke saptama skandha meM prahlAda ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA ki prAyeNa devamunayaH svvimuktikaamaaH| maunaM caranti vijane na parArthaniSThAH // netAn vihAya kRpaNAm vimumukssurekH|| he prabhu ! apanI mukti kI kAmanA karane vAle deva aura muni to aba taka kApha ho cuke haiM, jo jaMgala meM jAkara mauna sAdhanA kiyA karate the, kiMtu unameM paeNrArtha-niSThA nahIM thii| maiM to akelA ina saba duHkhIjanoM ko chor3akara mukta honA bhI nahIM caahtaa| yaha (38)

Page #43
bhAratIya darzana aura sAhitya kA sarvazreSTha udgAra hai| isI prakAra bodhisatva bhI sadaiva hI dIna aura duHkhI janoM ko duHkha se mukta karAne ke lie prayatnazIla bane rahane kI abhilASA karatA hai aura sabako mukta karAne ke pazcAt hI mukta honA cAhatA hai| maveyamupajIvyo'haM yAvatsarve na nirvRtAH / (bodhicaryAvatAra, 3/21) vastutaH mokSa akelA pAne kI vastu nahIM hai| isa sambaMdha meM vinobA bhAve ke udgAra vicAraNIya haiM - jo samajhatA hai ki mokSa akele hathiyAne kI vastu hai, vaha usake hAtha se nikala jAtA hai| 'maiM' ke Ate hI mokSa bhAga jAtA hai, merA mokSa - yaha vAkya hI galata hai| 'merA miTane para hI mokSa milatA hai| (AtmajJAna aura vijJAna, pR.71) isI prakAra, vAstavika mukti ahaMkAra se mukti hI hai| 'maiM' athavA 'ahaM' bhAva se mukta hone ke lie hameM apane Apako samaSTi meM, samAja meM lIna kara denA hotA hai| mukti vahI vyakti prApta kara sakatA hai, jo apane vyaktitva ko samaSTi meM, samAja meM vilIna kara de| AcArya zAMtideva likhate haiM sarvatyAgazca nirvANaM nirvANArthi ca me mnH| tyaktavyaM cenmayA sarvaM varaM satveSu dIyatAM // - bodhicaryAvatAra, 3/11 ... isa prakAra yaha dhAraNA mokSa ke pratyaya sAmAjikatA kI virodhI hai, galata hai| mokSa vastutaH duHkhoM se mukti hai aura manuSya jIvana ke adhikAMza duHkha mAnavIya saMvegoM ke kAraNa hI haiM, ataH mukti IrSyA, dveSa, krodha, ghRNA Adi ke saMvegoM se mukti pAne meM hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika-donoM hI dRSTi se upAdeya bhI hai| duHkha, ahaMkAra evaM mAnasika klezoM se muktirUpa meM mokSa kI upAdeyatA aura sArthakatA ko asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| _aMta meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya jIvana-darzana kI dRSTi pUrNatayA sAmAjika aura loka maMgala ke lie prayatnazIla bane rahane kI hai| usakI ekamAtra maMgala kAmanA sarve'trasukhinaH sNtu| sarve saMtu niraamyaaH|| (39)

Page #44
bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmAjika ciMtana - bhAratIya zramaNa evaM vaidikadhArA kA eka samanvita rUpa hai| vaidikadhArA to prArambha se hI samAja paraka rahI hai, kiMtu jaina evaM bauddha darzana ke rUpa meM jIvita zramaNa dhArA bhI mUlataH saMdhIya sAdhanAparaka hone se samAja paraka rahI hai| yadyapi, bauddhadharma evaM jainadharma nivRttimArgI zramaNa-paramparA kA dharma hai| sAmAnyatayA ise sAmAjika na mAnakara vyaktivAdI dharma mAnA jAtA hai, kiMtu jainadharma ko ekAMta rUpa se vyaktivAdI dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha satya hai ki usakA vikAsa nivRttimArgI saMnyAsa pradhAna zramaNa-paramparA se hI huA hai, kiMtu mAtra isa AdhAra para use asAmAjika yA vyaktivAdI dharma mAnanA eka bhrAMti hI hogii| jIvana meM duHkha kI yathArthatA aura duHkhavimukti kA jIvanAdarza- yaha jaina paramparA kA atha aura iti hai, kiMtu duHkha aura duHkhavimukti ke ye sampratyaya mAtra vaiyaktika nahIM haiM, unakA eka sAmAjika pakSa bhI hai| duHkhavimukti kA unakA Adarza mAtra vaiyaktika duHkhoM kI vimukti nahIM hai, apitu sampUrNa prANIjagat ke duHkhoM kI vimukti hai aura yahI unheM samAja se jor3a detA hai| zramaNadhArA meM dharma aura nIti ko aviyojya mAnA gayA hai aura dharma evaM nIti kI yaha aviyojyatA bhI usameM sAmAjika saMdarbha ko spaSTa kara detI bhAratIya ciMtana meM sAmAjika cetanA kA vikAsa . sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya ciMtana ko tIna yugoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| (1) vaidika yuga, (2) aupaniSadika yuga, (3) jaina aura bauddha yug| sarvaprathama jahAM vaidika yuga meM saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saMvAmanAMsiM jAnatAm'', arthAt tuma milakara calo, tula milakara bolo, tumhAre mana sAtha-sAtha vicAra kareM- isa rUpa meM sAmAjika cetanA ko vikasita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA, to vahIM aupaniSadika yuga meM usa sAmAjika ekatva kI cetanA ke lie dArzanika AdhAra prastuta kie ge| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM RSi kahatA hai ki jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apane meM aura apane ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai, vaha apanI isa ekatva kI anubhUti ke kAraNa kisI se ghRNA nahIM krtaa| aupaniSadika ciMtana meM sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra yahI ekatva kI anubhUti rahI hai| jaba ekatva kI dRSTi vikasita hotI hai, to ghRNA aura vidveSa ke tattva svata: samApta ho jAte haiM, kyoMki 'para' rahatA hI nahIM, ataH kisase ghRNA yA vidveSa kiyA jaae| (41)

Page #45
bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmAjika ciMtana - bhAratIya zramaNa evaM vaidikadhArA kA eka samanvita rUpa hai| vaidikadhArA to prArambha se hI samAja paraka rahI hai, kiMtu jaina evaM bauddha darzana ke rUpa meM jIvita zramaNa dhArA bhI mUlataH saMdhIya sAdhanAparaka hone se samAja paraka rahI hai| yadyapi, bauddhadharma evaM jainadharma nivRttimArgI zramaNa-paramparA kA dharma hai| sAmAnyatayA ise sAmAjika na mAnakara vyaktivAdI dharma mAnA jAtA hai, kiMtu jainadharma ko ekAMta rUpa se vyaktivAdI dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha satya hai ki usakA vikAsa nivRttimArgI saMnyAsa pradhAna zramaNa-paramparA se hI huA hai, kiMtu mAtra isa AdhAra para use asAmAjika yA vyaktivAdI dharma mAnanA eka bhrAMti hI hogii| jIvana meM duHkha kI yathArthatA aura duHkhavimukti kA jIvanAdarza- yaha jaina paramparA kA atha aura iti hai, kiMtu duHkha aura duHkhavimukti ke ye sampratyaya mAtra vaiyaktika nahIM haiM, unakA eka sAmAjika pakSa bhI hai| duHkhavimukti kA unakA Adarza mAtra vaiyaktika duHkhoM kI vimukti nahIM hai, apitu sampUrNa prANIjagat ke duHkhoM kI vimukti hai aura yahI unheM samAja se jor3a detA hai| zramaNadhArA meM dharma aura nIti ko aviyojya mAnA gayA hai aura dharma evaM nIti kI yaha aviyojyatA bhI usameM sAmAjika saMdarbha ko spaSTa kara detI bhAratIya ciMtana meM sAmAjika cetanA kA vikAsa - sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya ciMtana ko tIna yugoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| (1) vaidika yuga, (2) aupaniSadika yuga, (3) jaina aura bauddha yug| sarvaprathama jahAM vaidika yuga meM saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saMvAmanAMsiM jAnatAm'', arthAt tuma milakara calo, tula milakara bolo, tumhAre mana sAtha-sAtha vicAra kareM- isa rUpa meM sAmAjika cetanA ko vikasita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA, to vahIM aupaniSadika yuga meM usa sAmAjika ekatva kI cetanA ke lie dArzanika AdhAra prastuta kie ge| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM RSi kahatA hai ki jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apane meM aura apane ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai, vaha apanI isa ekatva kI anubhUti ke kAraNa kisI se ghRNA nahIM krtaa| aupaniSadika ciMtana meM sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra yahI ekatva kI anubhUti rahI hai| jaba ekatva kI dRSTi vikasita hotI hai, to ghRNA aura vidveSa ke tattva svataH samApta ho jAte haiM, kyoMki 'para' rahatA hI nahIM, ataH kisase ghRNA yA vidveSa kiyA jaae| (41)

Page #46
ghRNA, vidveSa Adi parAepana ke bhAva meM hI sambhava hote haiM, jaba sabhI sva yA AtmIya hoM, to ghRNA yA vidveSa kA avasara hI kahAM raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra aupaniSadika yuga meM sAmAjika cetanA ko eka sudRr3ha dArzanika AdhAra pradAna kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI sampatti para vaiyaktika adhikAra kA nirasana kara sAmUhika-sampadA kA vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM sampUrNa sampatti ko IzvarIya sampadA mAnakara usa para se vaiyaktika adhikAra ko samApta kara diyA gayA aura vyakti ko yaha kahA gayA ki vaha jAgatika sampadA para dUsaroM ke adhikAroM ko mAnya karake hI usa sampatti kA upabhoga kre| isa prakAra 'tena tyaktena bhujIthA' ke rUpa meM upabhoga ke sAmAjika adhikAra kI cetanA ko vikasita kiyA gyaa| isI tathya kI puSTi zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI kI gaI hai, usameM apanI daihika AvazyakatA se adhika sampatti para apanA adhikAra mAnane vAle ko spaSTataH cora kahA gyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika aura aupaniSadika yuga meM sAmAjikatA ke lie na kevala preraNA dI gaI, apitu eka dArzanika AdhAra bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina-dharma meM sAmAjika-cetanA jahAM taka jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM kA prazna hai, unameM sAmAjika-cetanA kA AdhAra ekatva kI anubhUti na hokara samatva kI anubhUti rahA hai, yadyapi AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jise tU duHkha yA pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| isameM yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMgasUtra bhI ekatva kI anubhUti para sAmAjika yA ahiMsaka cetanA ko vikasita karatA hai, phira bhI jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM sAmAjika cetanA evaM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA AdhAra sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva yA samatA kI bhAvanA rhii| unameM dUsaroM kI jijIviSA aura sukha-duHkhAnubhUti' Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke AdhAra para samajhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA aura sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA gyaa| yadyapi jaina aura bauddhadharma nivRttipradhAna rahe, kiMtu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki ve samAja se vimukha the| vastutaH, bhArata meM yadi dharma ke kSetra meM saMghIya sAdhanA-paddhati kA vikAsa kisI paramparA ne kiyA, to vaha zramaNa-paramparA hI thii| jainadharma ke anusAra to tIrthaMkara apane prathama pravacana meM hI caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karatA hai| usake dharmacakra kA pravartana saMgha-pravartana se hI prArambha hotA hai| yadi mahAvIra meM lokamaMgala yA lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI, to ve apanI vaiyaktika-sAdhanA kI pUrNatA ke pazcAt dharmacakra kA pravartana hI kyoM karate? praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara kA yaha sukathita pravacana sabhI prANiyoM kI rakSA aura karuNA (42)

Page #47
ke lie hai| pAMcoM mahAvrata saba prakAra se lokahita ke lie haiN| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra aura saMgraha (parigraha)- ye saba vaiyaktika nahIM, sAmAjika jIvana kI hI duSpravRttiyAM haiN| jaina sAdhanA-paramparA meM paMcavratoM yA paMcazIloM ke rUpa meM jisa dharma-mArga kA upadeza diyA gayA, vaha mAtra vaiyaktika-sAdhanA ke lie nahIM, apitu sAmAjika jIvana ke lie thA, kyoMki hiMsA kA artha hai- kisI anya kI hiMsA, asatya kA matalaba hai- kisI anya ko galata jAnakArI denA, corI kA artha hai- kisI dUsare kI zakti kA apaharaNa karanA, vyabhicAra kA matalaba hai- sAmAjika mAnyatAoM ke viruddha yauna sambaMdha sthApita krnaa| isI prakAra saMgraha yA parigraha kA artha hai- samAja meM Arthika viSamatA paidA krnaa| kyA sAmAjika jIvana ke abhAva meM inakA koI artha raha jAtA hai? ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ke jo jIvanamUlya jaina-darzana ne prastuta kie, ve pUrNataH sAmAjika mUlya haiN| isI prakAra bauddhadharma ke paMcazIla bhI mUlataH samAja paraka rahe haiN|aur unakA uddezya sAmAjika sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi hai| loka-maMgala aura loka-kalyANa - yaha zramaNa-paramparA kA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina evaM bauddha paramparA kA mUlabhUta lakSya rahA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ko sarvodaya tIrtha kahA hai, ve likhate haiM ki sarvApadAH dAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva', arthAt he prabho ! ApakA yaha dharmatIrtha sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kA aMta karane vAlA aura sabhI kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM bauddha paramparA ne nivRttimArga ko pradhAnatA dekara bhI use saMghIya sAdhanA ke rUpa meM loka-kalyANa kA Adarza dekara sAmAjika banAyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM kuladharma, grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma aura gaNadharma ke jo ullekha haiM, ve usakI sAmAjika sApekSatA ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| pArivArika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM hamAre pArasparika sambaMdha kisa prakAra sumadhura aura samAyojanapUrNa bana sakeM aura sAmAjika TakarAva ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara unheM kisa prakAra se dUra kiyA jA sake, yahI jainadarzana kI sAmAjika dRSTi kA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| jainadarzana ne AcArazuddhi para bala dekara vyakti-sudhAra ke mAdhyama se samAja-sudhAra kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| yahI dRSTikoNa bauddhadharma kA bhI rahA hai| vyakti aura samAja : jaina dRSTikoNa . sAmAjika darzana ke vibhinna siddhAMtoM ke saMdarbha meM jainoM evaM bauddhoM kA dRSTikoNa samanvayavAdI aura udAra rahA hai| Age hama kramazaH una siddhAMtoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina evaM bauddha dRSTikoNa para vicAra kreNge| (43)

Page #48
samAjadarzana kI dRSTi se vyakti aura samAja meM kise pramukha mAnA jAe, yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| vyaktivAdI dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki vyakti hI pramukha hai, samAja vyakti ke lie banAyA gayA hai| vyakti sAdhya hai, samAja sAdhana hai, ataH samAja ko vaiyaktika hitoM para AghAta karane yA unheM sImita karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai| dUsarI ora samAjavAdI dArzanika samAja ko hI sarvasva mAnate haiN| unake anusAra sAmAjika kalyANa hI pramukha hai, samAja se pRthak vyakti kI sattA kucha hai hI nhiiN| vaha jo kucha bhI hai, samAja dvArA nirmita hai| ataH, sAmAjika kalyANa ke lie vaiyaktika hitoM kA balidAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM prakAra ke aikAntika dRSTikoNoM ko jainadarzana asvIkAra karatA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare se nirapekSa hokara apanA astitva hI kho dete haiN| usake anusAra dArzanika dRSTi se vyaktirahita sAmAnya (samAja) aura sAmAnyarahita vyakti - donoM hI ayathArtha haiN| ve sAmAnya (universal) aura vizeSa (individual) ko nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke samAna svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnate haiN| manuSyatva nAmaka sAmAnya guNa se rahita koI manuSya nahIM ho sakatA aura binA manuSya (vyakti) ke manuSyatva kI koI sattA nahIM hotii| vizeSa rUpa se jaba hama manuSya ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karate haiM, to pAte haiM ki manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, ataH sAmAjikatA ke binA manuSya kA koI astitva nahIM hai| manuSya ko apane jaivika astitva se lekara bhASA, sabhyatA, saMskRti aura jIvana-mUlya Adi jo kucha mile haiM, ve samAja se mile haiN| yadi manuSya se sAmAjika avadAnoM ko pRthak kara diyA jAe, to usakA kucha astitva hI nahIM rhegaa| dUsarI ora, yaha bhI sahI hai ki binA manuSya ke manuSyatva kA koI artha nahIM hai| manuSya se pRthak manuSyatva nahIM hotA, ThIka yahI bAta samAja ke saMdarbha meM bhI hai| samAja kA astitva vyaktiyoM para nirbhara hai| vyaktiyoM ke abhAva meM samAja sambhava hI nahIM hai| dUsarI ora, yaha bhI satya hai ki vyakti jo kucha hai, vaha samAja ke kAraNa hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA ke dharmoM meM na to nirapekSa rUpa se vyakti ko mahattva diyA gayA hai aura na hI samAja ko| jainadharma kI anekAMtika dRSTi kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki vyakti samAja-sApekSa hai aura samAja vyakti-sApekSa / jo loga vyaktinirapekSa samAja athavA samAja-nirapekSa vyakti kI bAta karate haiM, ve donoM hI yathArtha se apanA mukha mor3a lete haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se to sabhI bhAratIya darzana aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti aura samAja meM kisI eka ko hI saba kucha mAna lenA eka bhrAMta dhAraNA hai, yaha ThIka hai ki sAmAjika kalyANa ke lie vyakti ke hitoM kA (44)

Page #49
balidAna diyA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora yaha bhI sahI hai ki sAmUhika hita bhI vaiyaktika hita se bhinna nahIM haiN| sabake hita meM vyakti kA hita to nihita hI hai| vyakti meM samAja aura samAja meM vyakti anusyUta haiN| jaina paramparA meM saMgha hita ko sarvoparitA dI gaI hai| isa sambaMdha meM eka aitihAsika kathA hai ki bhadrabAhu ne apanI vaiyaktika dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie saMgha ke kucha sAdhuoM ko pUrva-sAhitya kA adhyayana karavAne kI mAMga ko ThukarA diyaa| isa para saMgha ne unase pUchA ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA aura saMghahita meM kyA pradhAna hai? yadi Apa saMghahita kI upekSA karate haiM, to Apako saMgha meM rahane kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| Apako bahiSkRta kiyA jAtA hai| aMta meM bhadrabAhu ko saMghahita ko prAthamikatA denI pdd'ii| yadyapi samAja ke hita ke nAma para AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoM ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina-paramparA meM kahA gayA hai ki Atmahita karanA cAhie aura yadi zakya ho, to lokahita bhI karanA cAhie aura jahAM Atmahita aura lokahita meM naitika virodha kA prazna ho, vahAM Atmahita ko hI cunanA pdd'egaa| yadyapi hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yahAM Atmahita kA tAtparya vaiyaktika svArthoM kI pUrti nahIM, apitu AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA saMrakSaNa hai| vastutaH, vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA - donoM hI mAnavIya astitva ke anivArya aMga haiN| pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale ne kahA thA - manuSya manuSya nahIM hai, yadi vaha sAmAjika nahIM aura yadi vaha mAtra sAmAjika hai, to pazu se adhika nahIM hai| manuSya kI manuSyatA vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA - donoM kA atikramaNa karane meM hai, kiMtu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jainadarzana apanI anekAMtika dRSTi ke kAraNa manuSya ko eka hI sAtha vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika-donoM hI mAnatA hai| boddhadharma meM to lokakalyANa kA Adarza pramukha rahA hai| mahAyAna kI bodhisatva kI avadhAraNA to lokakalyANa se jur3I hai| rAga jor3atA bhI hai aura tor3atA bhI hai ___ yaha ThIka hai ki jaba manuSya meM rAga kA tattva vikasita hotA hai, to vaha dUsaroM se jur3atA hai, lekina smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dUsaroM se jur3ane kA artha hai- kahIM se kaTanA, kyoMki jo kisI se jur3atA hai, to kahIM se kaTatA avazya hai| rAga kA tattva vyakti ke sva kI sImA kA vistAra to avazya karatA hai, kiMtu vaha dUsaroM se alaga bhI kara detA hai| jaba hama vaiyaktika svArthoM se yukta hote haiM, to hamArA sva saMkucita hotA hai aura jaba hama sAmAjikatA se jur3ate haiM, to hamAre sva kA kSetra vikasita hotA hai, kiMtu jaba taka hama apane aura parAe ke bhAva kA atikramaNa nahIM kara pAte haiM, taba taka hamArA 'sva' yA ( 45)

Page #50
'AtmA' pUrNa nahIM bana pAtA hai| . bhAratIya saMskRti ke anusAra hamAre jIvana meM jo bhI TUTana hai, jo bhI sImAeM haiM aura jo bhI mere-parAe kA bhAva hai, ye sabhI rAga aura dveSa ke tattvoM ke kAraNa haiN| jaba taka hama merA deza, merI jAti, merA dharma Adi kI avadhAraNA meM hama 'maiM' aura 'mere' ke gheroM se Upara nahIM uThate, dUsare zabdoM meM, mere-tere ke gheroM kA atikramaNa jaba taka nahIM kara jAte, taba taka sahI arthoM meM sAmAjika bhI nahIM bana pAte haiN|14 mere aura parAe kI manaHsthiti meM hama apane Apako kinhIM zrRMkhalAoM meM jakar3A huA hI pAte haiN| zramaNadharmoM kI sAdhanA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA hai, vaha anivArya rUpa se sva kI saMkucita sImA ko tor3anA hai aura apane aura parAe kI isa saMkucita sImA kA atikramaNa karanA asAmAjika honA nahIM hai| jainadharma mukhyatayA isa bAta para bala detA hai ki hama eka svastha sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa kareM aura yaha svastha sAmAjikatA rAga ke AdhAra para nahIM, varan rAga kA atikramaNa karake hI kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUlasvara hai apane aura parAye ke bheda se Upara uThanA hai| kahA hai- : ayaMnija parovetti, gaNanA laghu caitsaam| udAracaritANAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam // , sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra : rAgAtmakatA yA viveka ? sambhavataH yaha prazna upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya-darzana rAga ko samApta karane kI bAta karatA hai, kiMtu rAga ke abhAva meM sAmAjika-jIvana se jor3ane vAlA tattva kyA hogA? yadi apanepana aura merepana kA bhAva na ho, to sAre sAmAjikabaMdhana caramarA kara TUTa jaaeNge| yaha rAgAtmakatA hI hai, jo hameM eka-dUsare se jor3atI hai aura samAja kA nirmANa karatI hai, kiMtu kyA vastutaH rAgAtmakatA hamAre sAmAjikasambaMdhoM kA yathArtha kAraNa ho sakatI hai, jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai-rAga yadi hameM kahIM jor3atA hai, to vaha hameM kahIM se tor3atA bhI hai| merI vinamra mAnyatA hai ki yadi hama rAga ke AdhAra para samAja ko khar3A kareMge, to vaha eka svArthI vyaktiyoM kA samAja hI hogaa| vastutaH, samAja kI saMracanA rAga ke AdhAra para nahIM, viveka ke AdhAra para hI sambhava hai| yadi maiM dUsaroM kA maMgala yA hitasAdhana isalie karatA hUM ki ve mere apane haiM aura aisA karane se mere apanepana kA gherA kitanA hI bar3A kyoM na ho, mujhe eka svArthI vyakti se adhika kucha bhI nahIM rahane degaa| hameM dUsaroM kA hita-sAdhana kevala isalie nahIM karanA hai (46)

Page #51
ki ve hamAre apane haiM, apitu isalie karanA hai ki dUsaroM kA hita-sAdhana karanA merA svabhAva hai, svadharma hai, kartavya hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra samAja jisa AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai, vaha rAga nahIM, viveka kA tattva hai, karttavyatA kA bodha hai| tattvArthasUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jIvadravya kA svabhAva paraspara eka-dUsare kA upakAraka honA hai| vyakti ke jIvana kI sArthakatA svahitoM/svArthoM kA balidAna karake dUsaroM kA maMgala karane meM hI hai| pArasparika hita-sAdhana hI jIva kA svabhAva hai aura isI se usakI karttavyatA hai| isI ke AdhAra para hamArA mAnava-samAja khar3A huA hai| rAgAtmakatA hameM kisI se jor3atI hai, to kahIM se tor3atI bhI hai, kyoMki rAga sadaiva dveSa ke sAtha-sAtha jItA hai| rAga aura dveSa aise jur3avAM zizu haiM, jo eka-dUsare ke sAtha jIte aura marate haiN| rAga ke abhAva meM dveSa aura dveSa ke abhAva meM rAga nahIM jI pAtA hai, ataH rAga ke AdhAra para jo samAja khar3A hogA, usameM anivArya rUpa se vargabheda aura varNabheda hogA hI, kiMtu karttavyabodha ke AdhAra para jo samAja khar3A hogA, vaha varNabheda aura vargabheda se Upara hogaa| - vastutaH, mAnavIya viveka ke AdhAra para hI kartavyabodha kI jo cetanA jAgrata hotI hai, vahI hamArI sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra hai| rAga kI bhASA adhikAra kI bhASA hai, jabaki viveka kI bhASA dAyitvabodha yA karttavya kI bhASA hai| jisa samAja meM kevala adhikAroM kI bAta hotI hai, vahAM kevala vikRta sAmAjikatA hI phalita hotI hai| svastha sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra adhikAra nahIM, karttavyabodha hai| jainadharma athavA bauddhadharma jisa sAmAjika cetanA kI bAta karatA hai, vaha mAnavIya viveka kA anivArya pariNAma hai| viveka se kartavya-bhAva aura sama-buddhi/samatA jAgrata hotI hai| jaba viveka hamArI sAmAjika cetanA kA AdhAra banatA hai, taba mere aura tere kI cetanA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| sama-buddhi se, sabhI Atmavat haiM- aisI dRSTi vikasita hotI hai| yahI Atmavat dRSTi hamArI sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra hai| jaba taka AtmatulyatA kA bodha nahIM AtA hai, taba taka na to hiMsA, ghRNA Adi asAmAjika vRttiyoM se Upara uThA jA sakatA hai aura na hama sahI artha meM sAmAjika hI bana pAte haiN| bhAratIyadarzanoM meM sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra yahI AtmatulyatA kA bodha hai| IsAvAsyopaniSada meM kahA gayA hai ki. sAmAjika jIvana kA bAdhaka tattva : ahaMkAra sAmAjika sambaMdhoM meM vyakti kA ahaMkAra bhI mahattvapUrNa kArya karatA hai| ahaMkAra ke kAraNa zAsana kI icchA athavA Adhipatya kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai aura sAmAjika (47)

Page #52
jIvana meM viSamatA paidA hotI hai| zAsaka-zAsita kA bheda ahaMkAra ke kAraNa hI khar3A hotA hai| vartamAna yuga meM bar3e rASTroM meM jo apanA prabhAva kSetra bar3hAne kI pravRtti hai, usake mUlya meM bhI apane rASTrIya ahaM kI puSTi hI hai| jaba vyakti meM Adhipatya kI pravRtti dRr3ha hotI hai, to vaha dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA hanana karatA hai, pariNAmataH dUsaroM kI svataMtratA khaNDita hotI hai| na kevala zAsita aura zAsaka kA bheda, apitu jAtibheda aura vargabheda ke pIche bhI yahI ahaMkAra kA tattva kAma karatA hai| jaba hama apane kula yA jAti ke ahaMkAra se yukta hote haiM, to dUsaroM ko hIna samajhane kI pravRtti utpanna hotI hai, jisakA pariNAma jAti-saMgharSa yA varga-saMgharSa hotA hai| jAtivAda kA virodha aura sAmAjika samatA jainadharma ahaMkAra ke upazamana ke sAtha-sAtha jAtivAda aura varNavAda kA spaSTa rUpa se virodha karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki kisI jAti meM janma lene mAtra se nahIM, apitu vyakti kA sadAcAra aura usakI naitikatA hI usako zreSTha banAtI hai| isa prakAra jainadharma jAtigata zreSThatA ke sampratyaya kA virodha karatA hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki koI vyakti isa AdhAra para brAhmaNa nahIM hotA ki vaha kisI brAhmaNI ke garbha se utpanna huA hai, apitu vaha brAhmaNa isa AdhAra para hotA hai ki usakA AcAra aura vyavahAra zreSTha hai| jainadarzana jAtigata zreSThatA ke sthAna para AcAragata zreSThatA ko hI mahattva detA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki na to koI hIna hai aura na koI shresstth'| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki jAtigata AdhAroM para aneka sAmAjika saMgaThana banate haiM, lekina aise sAmAjika saMgaThanoM ko jainadharma koI mAnyatA nahIM detA hai| Aja bhI jainasaMgha meM aneka jAtiyoM ke loga samAna rUpa se apanI sAdhanA karate haiN| mathurA Adi ke prAcIna abhilekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki aneka jina-maMdira aura mUrtiyAM gaMdhI, telI, svarNakAra, lohAra, mallAha, nartaka aura gaNikAoM dvArA nirmita haiN| ve sabhI jAtiyAM aura varga, jo hindU-dharma meM varNavyavasthA kI kaThora rUr3hivAditA ke kAraNa nimna mAnI gaI thIM, jainadharma meM samAdRta the / harikezIbala (cANDAla), mAtaMga, arjuna (mAlAkAra) Adi aneka nimna jAtiyoM meM utpanna hue mahAn sAdhakoM kI jIvana gAthAoM ke ullekha jainAgamoM meM milate haiM, jo isa tathya ke sUcaka haiM ki jainadharma meM jAtivAda yA UMca-nIca ke bheda-bhAva mAnya nahIM the| isa prakAra jainadharma samAja meM vargabheda aura varNabheda kA virodhI thaa| usakA udghoSa thA ki sampUrNa mAnava-jAti eka hai| bauddhadharma bhI jAtivAda aura varNavAda kA virodhI (48)

Page #53
rahA hai| na kevala itanA upaniSadoM meM satyakAya jabAla kI kathA bhI satyavAdI jabAla ko brAhmaNa mAnakara isI mata kI puSTi karatI hai| sAmAjika jIvana kI pavitratA kA AdhAra : vivAha saMsthA ___sAmAjika jIvana kA prArambha parivAra se hI hotA hai aura parivAra kA nirmANa vivAha ke baMdhana se hotA hai, ataH vivAha-saMsthA sAmAjika darzana kI eka pramukha samasyA hai| vivAha-saMsthA ke udbhava ke pUrva yadi koI samAja rahA hogA, to vaha bhayabhIta prANiyoM kA eka samUha rahA hogA jo pArasparika surakSA hetu eka-dUsare se milakara rahate hoNge| vivAha kA AdhAra kevala kAma-vAsanA kI saMtuSTi hI nahIM hai, apitu pArasparika AkarSaNa aura prema bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki nivRttipradhAna saMnyAsamArgI jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM isa vivAha saMsthA ke sambaMdha meM koI vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM milate haiN| jainadharma apanI vairAgyavAdI paramparA ke kAraNa prathamataH to yahI mAnatA rahA ki usakA prathama karttavya vyakti ko saMnyAsa kI dizA meM prerita karanA hai, isalie prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM jainadharmAnukUla vivAha-paddhati ke koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hote| prAcInakAla meM bRhad bhAratIya samAja yA hindU samAja se pRthak jainoM kI apanI koI vivAha-paddhati rahI hogI, yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai, yadyapi yaha satya hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM prAcInakAla se hI vivAha hote raheM haiN| jaina purANa sAhitya meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki RSabhadeva se pUrva yaugalika kAla meM bhAI-bahana hI yuvAvasthA meM pati-patnI ke rUpa meM vyavahAra karane lagate the aura eka yugala meM puruSa kI akAla mRtyu ho jAne para RSabha ne sarvaprathama vivAha-paddhati kA prArambha kiyA thaa| punaH, bharata aura bAhubalI kI bahanoM-brAhmI aura suMdarI dvArA bhI AjIvana brahmacArI rahane aura apane bhAiyoM se vivAha na karane kA nirNaya lie jAne para samAja meM vivAha-vyavasthA ko pradhAnatA milI, kiMtu vivAha ko dhArmika jIvana kA aMga na mAnane ke kAraNa jainoM ne prAcIna kAla meM kisI vivAha* paddhati kA vikAsa nahIM kiyaa| isa sambaMdha meM jo bhI sUcanAeM upalabdha hotI haiM, usa AdhAra para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vivAha ke sambaMdha meM jaina samAja bRhad hindUsamAja ke hI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA anugamana karatA rahA aura Aja bhI karatA hai| / prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM, vivAha kaise kiyA jAe- isakA ullekha to nahIM milatA hai, kiMtu vivAha saMsthA ko yauna sambaMdhoM ke saMyamana kA eka sAdhana mAnakara usameM gRhastha upAsakoM ke lie svapatnI-saMtoSavrata kA vidhAna avazya milatA hai| AdipurANa meM (49)

Page #54
vivAha evaM pati-patnI ke pArasparika evaM sAmAjika dAyitvoM kI carcA hai, usameM vivAha ke do uddezya batAe gae haiM - (1) kAmavAsanA kI tRpti, (2) santAnotpattiA jainAcAryoM ne vivAha saMsthA ko yauna-sambaMdhoM ke niyaMtraNa evaM vaidhIkaraNa ke lie Avazyaka mAnA thaa| gRhastha kA svapatnIsaMtoSavrata na kevala vyakti kI kAmavAsanA ko niyaMtrita karatA hai, apitu sAmAjika jIvana meM yauna-vyavahAra ko pariSkRta bhI banAtA hai| avivAhita strI se yauna-sambaMdha sthApita karane, vezyAgamana karane Adi ke niSedha isI bAta ke sUcaka haiN| jaina dharma sAmAjika jIvana meM yauna sambaMdhoM kI zuddhi ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai| vivAha ke uddezya para prakAza DAlate hue AdipurANa meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jvara se pIr3ita vyakti usake upazamanArtha kaTu-auSadhi kA sevana karatA hai, usI prakAra kAmajvara se saMtapta huA prANI usake upazamanArtha strIrUpI auSadhi kA sevana karatA hai| isase itanA pratiphalita hotA hai ki jainadharma avaidha yA svacchanda yauna sambaMdhoM kA samarthaka nahIM rahA hai| usameM vivAha-sambaMdhoM kI yadi koI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai, to vaha yauna-sambaMdhoM ke niyaMtraNa kI dRSTi se hI hai aura yaha usakI nivRttimArgI dhArA ke anukUla bhI hai| usakI mAnyatA ke anusAra yadi koI AjIvana brahmacArI banakara saMyamasAdhanA meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai, to use vivAha sambaMdha ke dvArA apanI yaunavAsanA ko niyaMtrita kara lenA cAhie, isIlie zrAvaka ke pAMca aNuvratoM meM svapatnIsaMtoSavrata nAmaka vrata rakhA gayA hai| punaH, zrAvaka-jIvana ke mUlabhUtaM guNoM kI dRSTi se vezyAgamana aura parastrI-gamana ko niSiddha ThaharAyA gyaa| isa prakAra cAhe vidhimukha se na ho, kiMtu niSedhamukha se jainadharma vivAha-saMsthA kI upayogitA aura mahattA ko svIkAra karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| cAhe dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna ke rUpa meM jainoM meM vivAha-sambaMdhI ullekha na milatA ho, kiMtu jaina kathA-sAhitya meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, unake AdhAra para itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM samAna vaya aura samAna kula ke madhya vivAha sambaMdha sthApita karane ke ullekha milate haiN| AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki bAlabhAva se mukta hone para hI vivAha kie jAte the| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma meM bAla-vivAha kI anumati nahIM thii| mAtra yahI nahIM, kucha kathAnakoM meM bAlavivAha ke athavA avayaska kanyAoM ke vivAha ke dUSita pariNAmoM ke ullekha bhI mila jAte haiN| vivAha sambaMdha ko hindUdharma kI taraha jainadharma meM bhI eka AjIvana sambaMdha hI mAnA gayA thA, ataH vivAha-viccheda ko jainadharma meM bhI koI sthAna nahIM milaa| (50)

Page #55
vaivAhika jIvana dUbhara hone para usa strI kA bhikSuNI bana jAnA hI ekamAtra vikalpa thaa| jaina AcAryoM ne alpakAlIna vivAha-sambaMdha aura alpavayaska vivAha ko ghRNita mAnA hai aura ise zrAvaka-jIvana kA eka doSa nirUpita kiyA hai| jahAM taka bahupatiprathA kA prazna hai, hameM draupadI ke eka ApavAdika kathAnaka ke atirikta isakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kiMtu bahupatnI-prathA, jo prAcInakAla meM eka sAmAnya paramparA bana gaI thI, usakA ullekha jaina graMthoM meM bhI milatA hai| isa bahupatnI-prathA ko jaina-paramparA kA dhArmika anumodana ho- aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya meM aisA koI vidhAyaka nirdeza prApta nahIM hotA, jisase bahupatnI-prathA kA samarthana kiyA gayA ho| jaina-sAhitya mAtra itanA hI batalAtA hai ki bahupatnI-prathA usa samaya sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita thI aura jaina parivAroM meM bhI aneka patniyAM rakhane kA pracalana thA, kiMtu jaina-sAhitya meM hameM aisA ullekha nahIM milatA ki kisI zrAvaka ne jainadharma ke paMca-aNuvratoM ko grahaNa karane ke pazcAt apanA dUsarA vivAha kiyA ho| gRhastha upAsaka ke svapatnIsaMtoSavrata ke jina aticAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, unameM eka paravivAhakaraNa bhI hai| yadyapi isakA artha jaina AcAryoM ne aneka dRSTi se kiyA hai, kiMtu isakA sAmAnya artha dUsarA vivAha karanA hI hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki jaina AcAryoM kA anumodana to ekapatnIvrata kI ora hI thaa| Age calakara isakA artha yaha bhI kiyA jAne lagA ki sva-saMtAna ke atirikta anya kI saMtAnoM kA vivAha karavAnA, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM yaha eka paravartI artha hai aura svapatnI saMtoSavrata kA eka doSa hI hai| - isI prakAra vezyAgamana ko bhI niSiddha mAnA gyaa| aparigRhItA arthAt avivAhitA strI se yauna-sambaMdha banAnA bhI zrAvakavrata kA eka aticAra (doSa) mAnA gyaa| jainAcAryoM meM somadeva hI ekamAtra apavAda haiM, jo gRhastha ke vezyAgamana ko anaitika ghoSita nahIM karate, zeSa sabhI jainAcAryoM ne vezyAgamana kA eka svara se niSedha kiyA hai| . jahAM taka prema-vivAha aura mAtA-pitA dvArA Ayojita vivAha sambaMdhoM kA prazna hai, jainAgamoM meM aisA koI spaSTa nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hai ki vaha kisa prakAra ke vivAha-sambaMdhoM ko karane yogya mAnate haiM, kiMtu jJAtAdharmakathA ke draupadI evaM malli adhyayana meM pitA putrI se spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki mere dvArA kiyA gayA cunAva tere kaSTa kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai, isalie tuma svayaM hI apane pati kA cunAva kro"| isakA spaSTa artha yahI hai ki jaina-paramparA meM mAtA-pitA dvArA Ayojita vivAhoM aura yuvaka (51)

Page #56
yuvatiyoM dvArA apanI icchA se cune gae vivAha sambaMdhoM ko arthAt donoM ko mAnyatA prApta thii| jaina parivAra ke yuvaka-yuvatiyoM kA jaina parivAra meM hI vivAha ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM thaa| aneka jaina kathAoM meM anya dharmAvalambI kanyAoM se vivAha karane ke ullekha milate haiM aura yaha vyavasthA Aja bhI pracalita hai| Aja bhI jaina parivAra apanI samAna jAti ke hindU parivAra kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha sambaMdha karate haiN| isI prakAra apanI kanyA ko hindU parivAroM meM pradAna bhI karate haiN| sAmAnyatayA vivAhita hone para patnI pati ke dharma kA anugamana karatI hai, kiMtu prAcIna kAla se Aja taka aise bhI saikar3oM udAharaNa jaina sAhitya meM aura sAmAjika jIvana meM milate haiM, jahAM pati patnI ke dharma kA anugamana karane lagatA hai yA phira donoM apane-apane dharma kA paripAlana karate haiM aura saMtAna ko unameM se kisI ke bhI dharma ko cunane kI svataMtratA hotI hai, phira bhI isa visaMvAda se bacane ke lie sAmAnya vyavahAra meM isa bAta ko prAthamikatA dI jAtI hai ki jaina parivAra ke yuvaka-yuvatiyAM jaina parivAra meM hI vivAha kreN| pArivArika dAyitya aura bhAratIya dRSTikoNa . gRhastha kA sAmAjika dAyitva apane vRddha mAtA-pitA, patnI, putra-putrI Adi parijanoM kI sevA evaM paricaryA karanA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ne mAtA kA apane prati atyadhika sneha dekhakara yaha nirNaya le liyA thA ki jaba taka unake mAtA-pitA jIvita raheMge, ve saMnyAsa nahIM leNge| yaha mAtA-pitA ke prati unakI bhaktibhAvanA kA hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi isa sambaMdha meM digambara paramparA kA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai| jainadharma meM saMnyAsa lene ke pahale pArivArika uttaradAyitvoM se mukti pAnA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mujhe jaina AgamoM meM eka bhI ullekha aisA dekhane ko nahIM milA, jahAM binA parijanoM kI anumati se kisI vyakti ne saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA ho| jainadharma meM Aja bhI yaha paramparA akSuNNa rUpa se kAyama hai| koI bhI vyakti binA parijanoM evaM samAja (saMgha) kI anumati ke saMnyAsa grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| mAtA, pitA, putra, putrI, pati yA patnI kI anumati prApta karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| isake pIche mUla bhAvanA yahI hai ki vyakti sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM se nivRtti pAkara hI saMnyAsa grahaNa kre| isa bAta kI puSTi aMtakRddazA ke nimna udAharaNa se hotI hai - jaba zrIkRSNa ko yaha jJAta ho gayA ki dvArikA kA zIghra hI vinAza hone vAlA hai, to unhoMne spaSTa ghoSaNA karavA dI ki yadi (52)

Page #57
mAtA-pitA, putra-putrI evaM patnI kA pAlana-poSaNa kauna karegA, to unake pAlanapoSaNa kA uttaradAyitva maiM vahana kara lUMgA|28 yadyapi bhagavAn buddha ne bhI prArambha meM saMnyAsa ke lie parijanoM kI anumati ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA thA, ataH aneka yuvakoM ne parijanoM kI anumati ke binA hI saMgha meM praveza le liyA thA, kiMtu Age calakara unhoMne bhI yaha niyama banA diyA thA ki binA parijanoM kI anumati ke upasampadA pradAna nahIM kI jaae| mAtra yahI nahIM, unhoMne yaha bhI ghoSita kara diyA ki RNI, rAjakIya sevaka yA sainika ko bhI, jo sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM se bhAgakara bhikSu bananA cAhate haiM, binA pUrva anumati ke upasampadA pradAna nahIM kI jaave| hindUdharma bhI pitR-RNa arthAt sAmAjika dAyitva ko cukAe binA saMnyAsa kI anumati nahIM detA hai| cAhe saMnyAsa lene kA prazna ho yA gRhastha jIvana meM hI AtmasAdhanA kI bAta ho, sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM ko pUrNa karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| hindU dharma meM Adi zaMkarAcArya dvArA saMnyAsI hokara bhI mAtA kI sevA aura aMtima saMskAra karane kI kathA bhI isI kA pratIka hai| sAmAjika-dharma __bhAratIya AcAra darzanoM meM na kevala AdhyAtmika dRSTi se dharma kI vivecanA kI gaI hai, varan dharma ke sAmAjika pahalU para para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina evaM bauddha vicArakoM ne saMgha yA sAmAjika jIvana kI pramukhatA sadaiva svIkAra kI hai| jainagraMtha sthAnAMgasUtra meM sAmAjika jIvana ke saMdarbha meM dasa dharmoM kA vivecana upalabdha hai - (1) grAmadharma, (2) nagaradharma, (3) rASTradharma, (4) pAkhaNDadharma, (5) kuladharma, (6) gaNadharma, (7) saMghadharma, (8) siddhAMtadharma (zrutadharma), (9) cAritradharma aura (10) astikAyadharma 29 / inameM se prathama sAta to pUrI taraha se sAmAjika jIvana se sambaMdhita haiN| ___ 1. grAmadharma - grAma ke vikAsa, vyavasthA tathA zAMti ke lie jina niyamoM ko grAmavAsiyoM ne milakara banAyA hai, unakA pAlana karanA grAmadharma hai| grAmadharma kA artha haiM- jisa grAma meM hama nivAsa karate haiM, usa grAma kI vyavasthAoM, maryAdAoM evaM niyamoM ke anurUpa kArya krnaa| grAma kA artha vyaktiyoM ke kuloM kA samUha haiM, ataH sAmUhika rUpa meM eka-dUsare ke sahayoga ke AdhAra para grAma kA vikAsa karanA, grAma ke aMdara pUrI taraha vyavasthA aura zAMti banAe rakhanA aura Apasa meM vaimanasya aura kleza utpanna na ho, usake lie prayatnazIla rahanA hI grAmadharma ke pramukha tattva haiN| grAma meM zAMti evaM vyavasthA nahIM hai, to vahAM ke logoM ke jIvana meM bhI zAMti nahIM rhtii| jisa pariveza meM hama jIte haiM, (53)

Page #58
usameM zAMti aura vyavasthA ke lie Avazyaka rUpa se prayatna karanA hamArA kartavya hai| pratyeka grAmavAsI sadaiva isa bAta ke lie jAgrata rahe ki usake kisI AcaraNa se grAma ke hitoM ko coTa na phuNce| grAmasthavira grAma kA mukhiyA yA netA hotA hai| grAmasthavira kA prayatna rahatA hai ki grAma kI vyavasthA, zAMti evaM vikAsa ke lie grAmajanoM meM pArasparika sneha aura sahayoga banA rhe| 2. nagaradharma - grAmoM ke madhya meM sthita eka kendrIya grAma ko, jo unakA vyAvasAyika keMdra hotA hai, nagara kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH grAmadharma aura nagaradharma meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai| nagaradharma ke aMtargata nagara kI vyavasthA evaM zAMti, nAgarika-niyamoM kA pAlana evaM nAgarikoM ke pArasparika hitoM kA saMrakSaNa-saMvarddhana AtA hai, lekina nAgarikoM kA uttaradAyitva kevala nagara hitoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai| yugIna saMdarbha meM nagaradharma yaha bhI hai ki nAgarikoM ke dvArA grAmavAsiyoM kA zoSaNa na ho| nagarajanoM kA uttaradAyitva grAmINajanoM kI apekSA adhika hai| unheM na kevala apane nagara ke vikAsa evaM vyavasthA kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, varan una samagra grAmavAsiyoM ke hita kI bhI ciMtA karanI cAhie, jinake AdhAra para nagara kI vyAvasAyika tathA Arthika sthitiyAM nirbhara haiN| nagara meM eka yogya nAgarika ke rUpa meM jInA, nAgarika kartavyoM evaM niyamoM kA pUrI taraha pAlana karanA hI manuSya kA nagaradharma hai| . .. jaina-sUtroM meM nagara kI vyavasthA Adi ke lie nagarasthavira kI yojanA kA ullekha hai| Adhunika yuga meM jo sthAna evaM kArya nagarapAlikA athavA nagaranigama ke adhyakSa ke haiM, jaina-paramparA meM vahI sthAna evaM kArya nagarasthavira ke haiN| 3. rASTradharma - jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra pratyeka grAma evaM nagara kisI rASTra kA aMga hotA hai aura pratyeka rASTra kI apanI eka viziSTa sAMskRtika cetanA hotI hai, jo grAmINoM evaM nAgarikoM ko eka rASTra ke sadasyoM ke rUpa meM Apasa meM bAMdhakara rakhatI hai| rASTradharma kA tAtparya hai- rASTra kI sAMskRtika cetanA athavA jIvana kI viziSTa praNAlI ko sajIva banAe rkhnaa| rASTrIya vidhi-vidhAna, niyamoM evaM maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA hI rASTradharma hai| Adhunika saMdarbha meM rASTradharma kA tAtparya hai- rASTrIya ekatA evaM niSThA ko banAe rakhanA tathA rASTra ke nAgarikoM ke hitoM kA paraspara ghAta na karate hue rASTra ke vikAsa meM prayatnazIla rahanA, rASTrIya zAsana ke niyamoM ke viruddha kArya na karanA, rASTrIya vidhividhAnoM kA Adara karate hue unakA samucita rUpa se pAlana krnaa| upAsaka-dazAMgasUtra meM rAjya ke niyamoM ke viparIta AcaraNa karanA doSapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM rASTrasthavira (54)

Page #59
kA vivecana bhI upalabdha hai| prajAtaMtra meM jo sthAna rASTrapati kA hai, vahI prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA meM rASTrasthavira kA rahA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 4. pAkhaNDadharma - jaina AcAryoM ne pAkhaNDa kI apanI vyAkhyA kI hai| jisake dvArA pApa kA khaNDana hotA ho, vaha pAkhaNDa hai| dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke anusAra pAkhaNDa eka vrata kA nAma hai| jisakA vrata nirmala ho, vaha paakhnnddii"| sAmAnya naitika niyamoM kA pAlana karanA hI pAkhaNDadharma hai| samprati pAkhaNDa kA artha DhoMga ho gayA hai, vaha artha yahAM abhipreta nahIM hai| pAkhaNDadharma kA tAtparya anuzAsita, niyamita evaM saMyamita jIvana hai| pAkhaNDadharma ke lie vyavasthApaka ke rUpa meM prazAstA-sthavira kA nirdeza hai| prazAstA-sthavira zabda kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki vaha janatA ko dharmopadeza ke mAdhyama se niyaMtrita karane vAlA adhikArI hai| prazAstA-sthavira kA kArya logoM ko dhArmika-niSThA, saMyama evaM vrata-pAlana ke lie prerita karate rahanA hai| hamAre vicAra meM prazAstA-sthavira rAjakIya dharmAdhikArI ke samAna hotA hogA, jisakA kArya janatA ko sAmAnya naitika jIvana kI zikSA denA hotA hogaa| 5. kuladharma - parivAra athavA vaMza-paramparA ke AcAra-niyamoM evaM maryAdAoM kA pAlana karanA kuladharma hai| parivAra kA anubhavI, vRddha evaM yogya vyakti kulasthavira hotA hai| parivAra ke sadasya kulasthavira kI AjJAoM kA pAlana karate haiM aura kulasthavira kA kartavya hai- parivAra kA saMvarddhana evaM vikAsa karanA tathA use galata pravRttiyoM se bcaanaa| jaina paramparA meM gRhastha evaM muni-donoM ke lie kuladharma kA pAlana Avazyaka hai, yadyapi muni kA kula usake pitA ke AdhAra para nahIM, varan guru ke AdhAra para banatA hai| 6. gaNadharma - gaNa kA artha samAna AcAra evaM vicAra ke vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai| mahAvIra ke samaya meM hameM gaNarAjyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| gaNarAjya eka prakAra ke prajAsattAtmaka rAjya hote haiN| gaNadharma kA tAtparya hai- gaNa ke niyamoM aura maryAdAoM kA pAlana krnaa| g2aNa do mAne gae haiM - 1. laukika (sAmAjika) aura 2. lokottara (dhaarmik)| jaina paramparA meM vartamAna yuga meM bhI sAdhuoM ke gaNa hote haiM, jinheM 'gaccha' kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka gaNa (gaccha) ke AcAra-niyamoM meM thor3A-bahuta aMtara bhI rahatA hai| gaNa ke niyamoM ke anusAra AcaraNa karanA gaNadharma hai| paraspara sahayoga tathA maitrI rakhanA gaNa ke pratyeka sadasya kA kartavya hai| gaNa kA eka gaNasthavira hotA hai| gaNa kI dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para avasthAeM denA, niyamoM ko banAnA aura pAlana (55)

Page #60
karavAnA gaNasthavira kA kArya hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra bAra-bAra gaNa ko badalane vAlA sAdhaka hIna dRSTi se dekhA gayA hai| buddha ne bhI gaNa kI unnati ke lie niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 7. saMghadharma - vibhinna gaNoM se milakara saMgha banatA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne saMghadharma kI vyAkhyA saMgha yA sabhA ke niyamoM ke paripAlana ke rUpa meM kI hai| saMgha eka prakAra kI rASTrIya saMsthA hai, jisameM vibhinna kula yA gaNa milakara sAmUhika vikAsa evaM vyavasthA kA nizcaya karate haiN| saMgha ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya kA kartavya hai| jaina-paramparA meM saMgha ke do rUpa haiM - 1. laukika saMgha aura 2. lokottara saMghA laukika saMgha kA kArya jIvana ke bhautika pakSa kI vyavasthAoM ko dekhanA hai, jabaki lokottara saMgha kA kArya AdhyAtmika vikAsa karanA hai| laukika saMgha ho yA lokottara saMgha ho, saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya kA yaha anivArya karttavya mAnA gayA hai ki vaha saMgha ke niyamoM kA pUrI taraha pAlana kre| saMgha meM kisI bhI prakAra ke manamuTAva athavA saMgharSa ke lie koI bhI kArya nahIM kre| ekatA ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane ke lie sadaiva hI prayatnazIla rhe| jaina paramparA ke anusAra sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA- ina cAroM se milakara saMgha kA nirmANa hotA hai| naMdIsUtra meM saMgha ke mahattva kA vistArapUrvaka suMdara vivecana huA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki jaina-paramparA meM naitika sAdhanA meM saMghIya jIvana kA kitanA adhika mahattva hai|32 8. zrutadharma - sAmAjika dRSTi se zrutadharma kA tAtparya hai- zikSaNa-vyavasthA sambaMdhI niyamoM kA pAlana krnaa| ziSya kA guru ke prati, guru kA ziSya ke prati kaisA vyavahAra ho, yaha zrutadharma kA hI viSaya hai| sAmAjika saMdarbha meM zrutadharma se tAtparya zikSaNa kI sAmAjika yA saMghIya vyavasthA hai| guru aura ziSya ke kartavyoM tathA pArasparika sambaMdhoM kA bodha aura unakA pAlana zrutadharma yA jJAnArjana kA anivArya aMga hai| yogya ziSya ko jJAna denA guru kA kartavya hai, jabaki ziSya kA karttavya guru kI AjJAoM kA zraddhApUrvaka pAlana karanA hai| 9. cAritradharma - cAritradharma kA tAtparya hai- zramaNa evaM gRhastha dharma ke AcAraniyamoM kA paripAlana krnaa| yadyapi cAritradharma kA bahuta kucha sambaMdha vaiyaktika sAdhanA se hai, tathApi unakA sAmAjika pahalU bhI hai| jaina AcAra ke niyamoM evaM upaniyamoM ke pIche sAmAjika dRSTi bhI hai| ahiMsA sambaMdhI sabhI niyama aura upaniyama sAmAjika (56)

Page #61
zAMti ke saMsthApana ke lie haiN| anAgraha sAmAjika jIvana se vaicArika vidveSa evaM vaicArika saMgharSa ko samApta karatA hai| ahiMsA, anAgraha aura aparigraha para AdhArita jaina AcAra ke niyama-upaniyama pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa meM sAmAjika dRSTi se yukta haiM, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| . 10. astikAyadharma - astikAyadharma kA bahuta kucha sambaMdha tattvamImAMsA se hai, ataH usakA vivecana yahAM aprAsaMgika hai| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne na kevala vaiyaktika evaM AdhyAtmika pakSoM ke sambaMdha meM vicAra kiyA, varan sAmAjika jIvana para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| jaina sUtroM meM spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina AcAradarzana sAmAjika pakSa kA yathocita mUlyAMkana karate hue usake vikAsa kA bhI prayAsa karatA hai| ___ vastutaH, jainadharma vaiyaktika naitikatA para bala dekara sAmAjika sambaMdhoM ko zuddha aura madhura banAtA hai| saMdarbha1. Rgveda, 10/19/12. IzAvAsyopaniSad, 6.. 3. vahI, 1. zrImadbhAgavata, 7/14/8: AcArAMga, 1/5/5. 6. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/1/2. vahI, 2/1/3. samantabhadra, yuktyAnuzAsana, 61. 9. sthAnAMga, 10/760. dekheM - sAgaramala jaina, vyakti aura samAja, zramaNa, varSa 34, (1983) aMka 2. 11. dekheM - prabaMdhakoza, bhadrabAhu kathAnaka. 12. uddhRta - (ka) ratanalAla dozI, AtmasAdhanA saMgraha, pR.441. (kha) bhagavatIArAdhanA, bhAga 1, pR.197. ____13. Bradle, Ethical, Studies. (57) ant in ons i e .

Page #62
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 22. 23. muni nathamala, naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR. 3-4. ___ umAsvAti, tattvArthasUtra, 5/21. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 25/19. AcArAMga, 1/2/3/75. sAgaramala jaina, sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI, bhAga 1, pR.153. 19. jaTAsiMhanandi, varAMgacarita, sarga 25, zloka 33-43. 20. AcArAMganiyukti, 19. 21. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR. 152. jinasena, AdipurANa, 19/166-167. antakRddazAMga, 3/1/3. upAsakadazAMga, 1/48. vahI, 1/48. 26. vahI, 1/48. jJAtAdharmakathA, 8 (malliadhyayana), 16 (draupadI adhyayana). aMtakRddazAMga, 5/1/21. . sthAnAMga, 10/760 / vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekheMdharmavyAkhyA, javAharalAlajI ma. aura dharma-darzana, zuklacaMdrajI ma. 30. dharmadarzana, pR. 86. dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 158. 32. nandIsUtra-pIThikA, 4-17. 24. 25. 27. 28. 31. (58)

Page #63
bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAmAjika-samatA (varNa evaM jAti vyavasthA ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM) mAnava samAja meM strI-puruSa, suMdara-asuMdara, buddhimAn-mUrkha, Arya-anArya, kulIna-anakulIna, sparzya-asparzya, dhanI-nirdhana Adi ke bheda prAcInakAla se hI pAe jAte haiN| isameM kucha bheda to naisargika haiM aura kucha mAnava sRjit| ye mAnava sRjita bheda hI sAmAjika viSamatA ke mUla kAraNa haiN| yaha satya hai ki sabhI manuSya, sabhI bAtoM meM eka dUsare se samAna nahIM hote, unameM rUpa-saundarya, dhana-sampadA, bauddhika-vikAsa, kAryakSamatA, vyAvasAyika-yogyatA Adi kI dRSTi se viSamatA yA taratamatA hotI hai, kiMtu ina viSamatAoM yA taratamatAoM ke AdhAra para athavA mAnava samAja ke kisI vyakti vizeSa ko varga-vizeSa meM janma lene ke AdhAra para nimna, patita, dalita yA asparzya mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki manuSyoM meM vividha dRSTiyoM se vibhinnatA yA taratamatA pAI jAtI hai aura vaha sadaiva banI bhI rahegI, kiMtu ise mAnava samAja meM varga-bheda yA varNa-bheda kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka hI pitA ke do putroM meM aisI bhinnatA yA taratamatA dekhane meM AtI hai| hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki jo vyakti garIba hotA hai, ... vahI kAlakrama meM dhanavAn yA sampattizAlI ho jAtA hai| eka mUrkha pitA kA putra bhI buddhimAn athavA prAjJa ho sakatA hai| eka pitA ke do putroM meM eka buddhimAn, to dUsarA mUrkha athavA eka suMdara, to dUsarA kurUpa ho sakatA hai| ataH, isa prakAra kI taratamatAoM ke AdhAra para manuSyoM ko sadaiva ke lie mAtra janmanA AdhAra para vibhinna vargoM meM bAMTa kara nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| cAhe vaha dhanopArjana hetu cayanita vibhinna vyAvasAyika kSetra hoM, cAhe kalA, vidyA athavA sAdhanA ke kSetra hoM, hama mAnava samAja ke kisI eka varga vizeSa ko janmanA ke AdhAra para usakA ThekedAra nahIM mAna sakate haiN| yaha satya hai ki naisargika yogyatAoM evaM kAryoM ke AdhAra para mAnava samAja meM sadaiva hI vargabheda yA varNabheda bane raheMge, phira bhI unakA AdhAra varga yA jAti vizeSa meM janma na hokara vyakti kI apanI svAbhAvika yogyatA ke AdhAra para apanAe gae vyavasAya yA kArya hoNge| vyavasAya yA karma ke sabhI kSetra sabhI vyaktiyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se khule hone cAhie aura kisI bhI varga vizeSa meM janme vyakti ko bhI kisI bhI kSetra vizeSa meM praveza pAne ke adhikAra se vaMcita nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie - yahI sAmAjika samatA kA AdhAra hai| ( 59 )

Page #64
yaha satya hai ki mAnava samAja meM sadaiva hI kucha zAsaka yA adhikArI aura kucha zAsita yA karmacArI hoMge, kiMtu yaha adhikAra bhI mAnya nahIM ho sakatA ki adhikArI kA ayogya putra zAsaka aura karmacArI yA zAsita kA yogya putra zAsita hI banA rhe| sAmAjika samatA kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki mAnava samAja meM koI bhinnatA yA taratamatA hI nahIM ho| usakA tAtparya hai- mAnava samAja ke sabhI sadasyoM ko vikAsa ke samAna avasara upalabdha hoM tathA pratyeka vyakti apanI kSamatA aura yogyatA ke AdhAra para apanA kAryakSetra nirdhArita kara ske| isa sAmAjika samatA ke saMdarbha meM jahAM taka jaina AcAryoM ke ciMtana kA prazna hai, unhoMne mAnava meM svAbhAvika yogyatAjanya athavA pUrva karma-saMskArajanya taratamatA ko svIkArate hue bhI yaha mAnA hai ki cAhe vidyA kA kSetra ho, cAhe vyavasAya yA sAdhanA kA, usameM praveza kA dvAra sabhI ke lie binA bheda-bhAva ke khulA rahanA caahie| jaina dharma spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ko mAnatA hai ki kisI jAti yA varNa-vizeSa meM janma lene se koI vyakti zreSTha yA hIna nahIM hotaa| use jo hIna yA zreSTha banAtA hai, vaha hai- usakA apanA puruSArtha, usakI apanI sAdhanA, sadAcAra aura krm| hama jainoM ke isI dRSTikoNa ko agrima pRSThoM meM sapramANa prastuta karane kA prayatna kreNge| janmanA varNa-vyavasthA : eka asamIcIna avadhAraNA bhAratIyazramaNa paramparA zruti ke isa kathana ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai ki brAhmaNoM kI utpatti brahmA ke mukha se, kSatriya kI bAhu se, vaizyoM kI jaMghA se aura zUdra kI pairoM se huI hai| cUMki mukha zreSTha aMga hai, ataH ina saba meM brAhmaNa hI zreSTha hai'| brahmA ke zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM se janma ke AdhAra para brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra- aisI varNa-vyavasthA zramaNadhArA ke ciMtakoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai| unakA kahanA hai ki sabhI manuSya strI-yoni se hI utpanna hote haiM, ataH sabhI samAna haiN| punaH, ina aMgoM meM se kisI ko zreSTha evaM uttama aura kisI ko nikRSTa yA hIna mAnakara varNa-vyavasthA meM zreSThatA evaM hInatA kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki zarIra ke sabhI aMga samAna mahattva ke haiN| isI prakAra zArIrika varNoM kI bhinnatA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA brAhmaNa Adi jAtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa bhIzramaNoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| ___ AcArya jaTAsiMha nandi ne apane varAMgacarita meM isa bAta kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai ki zArIrika vibhinnatAoM yA vargoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAne vAlA jAti sambaMdhI vargIkaraNa mAtra pazu-pakSI Adi ke viSaya meM hI satya ho sakatA hai, manuSyoM ke saMdarbha meM nhiiN| vanaspati evaM pazu-pakSI Adi meM jAti kA vicAra sambhava hai, kiMtu manuSya (60)

Page #65
ke viSaya meM yaha vicAra sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sabhI manuSya samAna haiN| manuSyoM kI eka hI jAti hai| na to sabhI brAhmaNa zubhra varNa ke hote haiM, na sabhI kSatriya rakta varNa ke, na sabhI vaizya pIta varNa ke aura na sabhI zUdra kRSNa varNa ke hote haiM, ataH janma ke AdhAra para jAti va varNa kA nizcaya sambhava nahIM hai| samAja meM UMca-nIca kA AdhAra kisI varNa vizeSa yA jAti vizeSa meM janma lenA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| na kevala jaina evaM bauddha paramparA, apitu hindU paramparA meM bhI aneka udAharaNa haiM, jahAM nimna varNoM se utpanna vyakti bhI apanI pratibhA aura AcAra ke AdhAra para zreSTha khlaae| brAhmaNoM kI zreSThatA para prazna cihna lagAte hue varAMgacarita' meM jaTAsiMha nandi kahate haiM ki jo brAhmaNa svayaM rAjA kI kRpA ke AkAMkSI haiM aura unake dvArA anuzAsita hokara unake anugraha kI apekSA rakhate haiM, aise dIna brAhmaNa nRpoM (kSatriyoM) se kaise zreSTha kahe jA sakate haiN| dvija brahmA ke mukha se nirgata hue ataH zreSTha haiM- yaha vacana kevala apane svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie kahA gayA hai| brAhmaNa pratidina rAjAoM kI stuti karate haiM aura unake lie svasti pATha evaM zAMti pATha karate haiM, lekina vaha saba bhI dhana kI AzA se hI kiyA jAtA hai, ataH aise brAhmaNa AptakAma nahIM mAne jA sakate haiN| phalataH, inakA apanI zreSThatA kA dAvA mithyA hai| jisa prakAra naTa raMgazAlA meM kArya sthiti ke anurUpa vicitra vezabhUSA ko dhAraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha jIva bhI saMsArarUpI raMgamaMca para karmoM ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna rUpoM ko prApta hotA hai| tattvataH AtmA na brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya, na vaizya aura na zUdra hii| vaha to apane hI pUrva karmoM ke vaza meM hokara saMsAra meM vibhinna rUpoM meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| yadi zarIra ke AdhAra para hI kisI ko brAhmaNa, kSatriya kahA jAe, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| vijJa-jana deha ko nahIM, jJAna (yogyatA) ko hI brahma kahate haiM, ataH nikRSTa kahA jAne vAlA zUdra bhI jJAna yA prajJA-kSamatA ke AdhAra para vedAdhyayana karane kA pAtra ho sakatA hai| vidyA, AcaraNa evaM sadguNa se rahita vyakti jAti vizeSa meM janma lene mAtra se brAhmaNa nahIM ho jAtA, apitu apane jJAna, sadguNa Adi se yukta hokara hI brAhmaNa hotA hai| vyAsa, vaziSTha, kamaTha, kaMTha, droNa, pArAzara Adi apane janma ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu apane sadAcaraNa evaM tapasyA se hI brAhmaNatva ko prApta hue the| ataH, brAhmaNatva Adi sadAcAra aura kartavyazIlatA para AdhArita haiM- janma para nhiiN| saccA brAhmaNa kauna ? - jaina paramparA ne sadAcaraNa ko hI mAnavIya jIvana meM uccatA aura nimnatA kA (61)

Page #66
pratimAna mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke paccIsaveM adhyayana evaM dhammapada ke brAhmaNa varga nAmaka adhyAya meM saccA brAhmaNa kauna hai, isakA vistAra se vivecana upalabdha hai| vistArabhaya se usakI samagra carcA meM na jAkara kevala kucha gAthAoM ko prastuta kara hI virAma leNge| usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'jise loka meM kuzala puruSoM ne brAhmaNa kahA hai, jo agni ke samAna sadA pUjanIya hai aura jo priyajanoM ke Ane para Asakta nahIM hotA aura na unake jAne para zoka karatA hai, jo sadA Arya-vacana meM ramaNa karatA hai, use brAhmaNa kahate haiN|' - 'kasauTI para kase hue aura agni ke dvArA dagdhamala hue, zuddha kie gae jAtarUpa sone kI taraha jo vizuddha hai, jo rAga, dveSa aura bhaya se mukta hai tathA jo tapasvI hai, kRza . hai, dAnta hai, jisakA mAMsa aura rakta apacita (kama) ho gayA hai, jo suvrata hai, zAMta hai, use hI brAhmaNa kahA jAtA hai|' 'jo trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ko samyak prakAra se jAnakara unakI mana, vacana aura kAyA se hiMsA nahIM karatA hai, jo krodha, hAsya, lobha athavA bhaya se jhUTha nahIM bolatA, jo sacitta yA acitta, thor3A yA adhika adatta nahIM letA hai, jo deva, manuSya aura tiryaMca sambaMdhI maithuna kA mana, vacana aura zarIra se sevana nahIM karatA hai, jisa prakAra jala meM utpanna huA kamala jala meM lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jo kAmabhogoM se alipta rahatA hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN|' ___ isI prakAra jo rasAdi meM lolupa nahIM hai, jo nirdoSa bhikSA se jIvana kA nirvAha karatA hai, jo gRha tyAgI hai, jo akiMcana hai, pUrvajJAtijanoM evaM baMdhu-bAMdhavoM meM Asakta nahIM rahatA hai, use hI brAhmaNa kahate haiN|' bauddhagraMtha dhammapada meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaisa kamala patra para pAnI hotA hai, jaise Are kI noMka para sarasoM kA dAnA hotA hai, vaise hI jo kAma-bhogoM meM lipta nahIM hotA, jisane apane duHkhoM ke kSaya ko yahIM para dekha liyA hai, jisane janma-maraNa ke bhAra ko utAra diyA hai, jo sarvathA anAsakta hai, jo meghAvI hai, sthitaprajJa hai, jo sanmArga tathA kumArga ko jAnane meM kuzala hai aura jo nirvANa kI uttama sthiti ko pahuMca cukA hai-use hI maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM bauddha- donoM paramparAoM ne hI sadAcAra ke AdhAra para brAhmaNatva kI zreSThatA ko svIkAra karate hue brAhmaNa kI eka naI paribhASA prastuta kI, jo sadAcAra aura sAmAjika samatA kI pratiSThAdhaka thii| na kevala jaina paramparA evaM bauddha-paramparA meM, varan mahAbhArata meM bhI brAhmaNatva kI yahI (62)

Page #67
/ paribhASA hai| jaina paramparA ke uttarAdhyayanasUtra, bauddha-paramparA ke dhammapada aura mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kA jo vivaraNa milatA hai, vaha na kevala vaicArika sAmyatA rakhatA hai, varan usameM zAbdika sAmyatA bhI adhika hai, jo tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| ___ saccA brAhmaNa kauna hai? isa viSaya meM 'kumArapAla prabodha prabaMdha' meM manusmRti evaM mahAbhArata se kucha zloka uddhRta karake yaha batAyA gayA hai ki- 'zIlasampanna zUdra bhI brAhmaNatva ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura sadAcAra rahita brAhmaNa bhI zUdra ke samAna ho jAtA hai, ataH sabhI jAtiyoM meM cANDAla aura sabhI jAtiyoM meM brAhmaNa hote haiN| he arjuna ! jo brAhmaNa kRSi, vANijya, gorakSA evaM rAjya kI sevA karate haiM, ve vastutaH brAhmaNa nahIM haiN| jo bhI dvija hiMsaka, asatyavAdI, cauryakarma meM lipta, durAdAcAra sevI haiM, ve sabhI patita (zUdra) haiN| isake viparIta, brahmacarya aura tapa se yukta lauha va svarNa meM samAna bhAva rakhane vAle, prANiyoM ke prati dayAvAn sabhI jAti ke vyakti brAhmaNa hI haiN| sacce brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- 'jo vyakti kSamAzIla Adi guNoM se yukta ho, jisane sabhI daNDoM (parapIDana) kA parityAga kara diyA hai, jo nirAmiSabhojI hai aura kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA -- yaha kisI vyakti ke brAhmaNa hone kA prathama lakSaNa hai| isI prakAra jo kabhI asatya nahIM bolatA, mithyA vacanoM se dUra rahatA hai-- yaha brAhmaNa kAM dvitIya lakSaNa hai| punaH, jisane paradravya kA tyAga kara diyA hai tathA jo adatta ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, yaha usake brAhmaNa hone kA tRtIya lakSaNa hai| jo deva, asura, manuSya tathA pazuoM ke prati maithuna kA sevana nahIM karatA- vaha usake brAhmaNa hone kA caturtha lakSaNa hai| jisane kuTumba kA vAsa arthAt gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara diyA ho, jo parigraha aura Asakti se rahita hai, yaha brAhmaNa hone kA paMcama lakSaNa hai| jo ina pAMca lakSaNoM se yukta hai, vahI brAhmaNa hai, dvija hai aura mahAn hai, zeSa to zUdravat haiN| kevaTa kI putrI ke garbha se utpanna vyAsa nAmaka mahAmuni hue haiN| isI prakAra hariNI ke garbha se utpanna zrRMga RSi zunakI ke garbha se zuka, mANDUkI ke garbha se mAMDavya tathA urvazI ke garbha se utpanna vaziSTha mahAmuni hue| na to ina sabhI RSiyoM kI mAtA brAhmaNI haiM, na ye saMskAra se brAhmaNa hue the, apitu ye sabhI tapa sAdhanA yA sadAcAra se brAhmaNa hue haiM, isalie brAhmaNa hone meM jAti vizeSa meM janma kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu tapa yA sadAcAra hI kAraNa hai| (63)

Page #68
karmaNA varNa-vyavasthA zramaNoM ko bhI svIkArya - jaina paramparA meM varNa kA AdhAra janma nahIM, apitu karma mAnA gayA hai| jaina. vicAraNA janmanA jAtivAda kI virodhI hai, kiMtu karmaNA varNavyavasthA se usakA koI saiddhAMtika virodha nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya karma se brAhmaNa, karma se kSatriya evaM karma se vaizya evaM zUdra hotA hai|' mahApurANa meM kahA gayA hai- jAtinAma karma ke udaya se to manuSya jAti eka hI hai phira bhI, AjIvikA bheda se vaha cAra prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| vratoM ke saMskAra se brAhmaNa, zastroM ko dhAraNa karane se kSatriya, nyAyapUrvaka artha kA upArjana karane se vaizya aura nimna zreNI kI AjIvikA kA Azraya lene se zUdra kahe jAte haiN| dhana-dhAnya Adi sampatti evaM makAna mila jAne para guru kI AjJA se alaga se AjIvikA arjana karane se varNa kI prApti yA varNa lAbha hotA hai (40/189.190) / ' isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki varNa yA jAti sambaMdhI bheda janma para nahIM, AjIvikA yA vRtti para AdhArita haiN| bhAratIya varNa vyavasthA ke pIche eka manovaijJAnika AdhAra rahA hai ki vaiyaktika yogyatA arthAt svabhAva ke AdhAra para hI vyakti ke sAmAjika dAyitvoM (karmoM) kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai, jisase iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| - apanI svAbhAvika yogyatA ke AdhAra para sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karane kA samarthana DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan aura pAzcAtya vicAraka zrI gairalDa harDa ne bhI kiyA hai| mAnavIya svabhAva meM jJAnAtmakatA yA jijJAsA-vRtti, sAhasa yA netRtva-vRtti, saMgrahAtmakatA aura zAsita hone kI pravRtti yA sevA bhAvanA pAI jAtI hai| sAmAnyataH, manuSyoM meM ina vRttiyoM kA samAna rUpa se vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| pratyeka manuSya meM inameM se kisI eka kA prAdhAnya hotA hai, dUsarI ora sAmAjika dRSTi se samAja-vyavasthA meM cAra-pramukha kArya haiM - 1. zikSaNa, 2. rakSaNa, 3. upArjana aura 4. sevaa| ataH, yaha Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai ki vyakti, apane svabhAva meM jisa vRtti kA prAdhAnya ho, usake anusAra sAmAjika vyavasthA meM apanA kArya cune| jisameM buddhi nairmalya aura jijJAsAvRtti ho, vaha zikSaNa kA kArya kare, jisameM sAhasa aura netRtva vRtti ho, vaha rakSaNa kA kArya kare, jisameM viniyoga tathA saMgraha-vRtti ho, vaha upArjana kA kArya kare aura jisameM dainyavRtti yA sevAvRtti ho, vaha sevA kArya kre| isa prakAra jijJAsA, netRtva, viniyoga aura dainya kI svAbhAvika vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para zikSaNa, rakSaNa, upArjana aura sevA ke sAmAjika kAryoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA aura isI AdhAra para kramazaH brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra- ye varNa bane, ataH varNa vyavasthA janma para nahIM, apitu svabhAva (guNa) .. (64)

Page #69
evaM tadanusAra karma para AdhArita hai| vAstava meM hindU-AcAra-darzana meM bhI varNa-vyavasthA janma para nahIM, varan karma para hI AdhArita hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa spaSTa kahate haiM ki 'cAturvarNya-vyavasthA kA nirmANa guNa aura karma ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan isakI vyAkhyA meM likhate haiM- yahAM jora guNa aura karma para diyA gayA hai, jAti (janma) para nhiiN| hama kisa varNa ke haiM, yaha bAta liMga yA janma para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu svabhAva aura vyavasAya dvArA nirdhArita hotI hai|' yudhiSThira kahate haiM- 'tattvajJAniyoM kI dRSTi meM kevala AcaraNa (sadAcAra) hI jAti kA nirdhAraka tattva hai| brAhmaNa na janma se hotA hai, na saMskAra se, na kula se aura na veda ke adhyayana se, brAhmaNa kevala vrata (AcaraNa) se hotA hai|' prAcInakAla meM varNa-vyavasthA kaThora nahIM thI, apitu lacIlI thI varNa parivartana kA adhikAra vyakti ke apane hAtha meM thA, kyoMki AcaraNa yA karma ke cayana dvArA parivartita ho jAtA thaa| upaniSadoM meM varNita satyakAma jAbAla kI kathA isakA udAharaNa hai| satyakAma jAbAla kI satyavAditA ke AdhAra para hI use brAhmaNa mAna liyA gayA thaa| manusmRti meM bhI varNa parivartana kA vidhAna hai, usameM likhA hai ki sadAcAra ke kAraNa zUdra brAhmaNa ho jAtA hai aura durAcAra ke kAraNa brAhmaNa zUdra ho jAtA hai| yahI bAta kSatriya aura vaizya ke sambaMdha meM bhI hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se koI eka varNa dUsare varNa se zreSTha nahIM hai, kyoMki AdhyAtmika vikAsa varNa para nirbhara nahIM hotA hai| vyakti svabhAvAnukUla kisI bhI varNa ke niyata karmoM kA sampAdana karate hue AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA siddhi ko prApta kara sakatA hai| koI bhI karttavya karma-hIna nahIM hai samAja vyavasthA meM apane kartavya ke nirvAha hetu aura AjIvikA ke upArjana hetu vyakti ko kaunasA vyavasAya yA karma cunanA cAhie, yaha bAta usakI yogyatA athavA svabhAva para hI nirbhara karatI hai| yadi vyakti apane guNoM yA yogyatAoM ke pratikUla vyavasAya yA sAmAjika karttavya ko cunatA hai, to usake isa cayana se jahAM usake jIvana kI sapha latA dhUmila hotI hai, vahIM samAja-vyavasthA bhI asta-vyasta hotI hai| AdhyAtmika zreSThatA isa bAta para nirbhara nahIM hai ki vyakti kyA kara rahA hai yA kina sAmAjika kartavyoM kA pAlana kara rahA hai, varan isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki vaha unakA pAlana kisa niSThA aura yogyatA ke sAtha kara rahA hai| yadi eka zUdra apane kartavyoM kA pAlana pUrNa niSThA aura kuzalatA se karatA hai, to vaha anaiSThika aura akuzala brAhmaNa (65)

Page #70
kI apekSA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se zreSTha hai| gItA bhI spaSTatayA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki vyakti sAmAjika dRSTi se svasthAna ke nimnastarIya karmoM kA sampAdana karate hue bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se uMcAiyoM para pahuMca sakatA hai| viziSTa sAmAjika kartavyoM ke paripAlana se vyakti zreSTha yA hIna nahIM bana jAtA hai, usakI zreSThatA aura hInatA kA sambaMdha to usake sadAcaraNa evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa se hai| digambara jaina AcArya samantabhadra ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM likhate haiM- samyak darzana se yukta cANDAla zarIra meM utpanna vyakti bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA brAhmaNa hI kahA gayA hai| - isI prakAra AcArya raviSeNa bhI padmacarita meM likhate haiM ki koI bhI jAti garhita nahIM hai, vastutaH guNa hI kalyANakAraka hote haiN| jAti se koI vyakti cAhe cANDAla kula meM hI utpanna kyoM na ho, vrata meM sthita hone para aise cANDAla ko bhI tIrthaMkaroM ne brAhmaNa hI kahA hai", ataH brAhmaNa janma para nahIM, karma/sadAcAra para AdhArita haiN| jaina muni cauthamalajI nirgranthapravacanabhASya meM likhate haiM ki eka vyakti duHzIla, ajJAnI va prakRti se tamoguNI hone para bhI amuka varNa meM janma ke kAraNa samAja meM UMcA va AdaraNIya samajhA jAe va dUsarA vyakti suzIla, jJAnI va satoguNI hone para bhI kevala janma ke kAraNa nIca va tiraskRta samajhA jAe, yaha vyavasthA samAja ghAtaka hai aura manuSya kI garimA va vivekazIlatA para praznacihna lagAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, aisA mAnane se na kevala samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka bhAga kA apamAna hotA hai, pratyuta sadAcAra va sadguNa kA bhI apamAna hotA hai| isa vyavasthA ko aMgIkAra karane se durAcArI sadAcArI se Upara uTha jAtA hai, ajJAna jJAna para vijayI hotA hai tathA tamoguNa,satoguNa ke sAmane AdarAspada bana jAtA hai| yaha aisI sthiti hai, jo guNa grAhaka vivekIjanoM ko sahya nahIM ho sakatI hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki kisI jAti vizeSa meM janma grahaNa karane kA mahattva nahIM hai, mahattva hai vyakti ke naitika sadAcaraNa aura vAsanAoM para saMyama kaa| jaina vicAraNA yaha to svIkAra karatI hai ki loka vyavahAra yA AjIvikA hetu pratyeka vyakti ko ruci va yogyatA ke AdhAra para kisI na kisI kArya kA cayana to karanA hogaa| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki vibhinna prakAra ke vyavasAyoM yA kAryoM ke AdhAra para sAmAjika vargIkaraNa bhI hogaa| isa vyAvasAyika yA sAmAjika vyavasthA ke kSetra meM hone vAle vargIkaraNa meM na kisI ko zreSTha, na kisI ko hIna kahA jA sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra manuSya prANIvarga kI sevA kA koI bhI hIna kArya nahIM hai, yahAM taka ki mala-mUtra kI saphAI karane vAlA kahIM adhika zreSTha hai| jaina paramparA meM nandiSeNamuni ke sevAbhAva kI gaurava gAthA loka-vizruta (66)

Page #71
hai| jaina paramparA meM kisI vyavasAya yA karma ko tabhI hIna mAnA gayA hai, jaba vaha vyavasAya yA karma hiMsaka yA krUratApUrNa kAryoM se yukta ho| jainAcAryoM ne jina jAtiyoM yA vyavasAyoM ko hIna kahA haiM, ve zikArI, badhika, cir3ImAra, macchImAra aadi| kisI vyakti kI zreSThatA kA AdhAra AjIvikA hetu cunA gayA vyavasAya na hokara usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa yA sadguNoM kA vikAsa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai ki sAkSAt tapa (sAdhanA) kA hI mahattva dikhAI detA hai, jAti kA kucha bhI nhiiN| cANDAla-putra harakezI muni ko dekho, jinakI prabhAvazAlI Rddhi hai| mAnavIya samatA jainadharma kA mukhya AdhAra hai| usameM harakezIbala jaise cANDAla, arjunamAlI jaise mAlAkAra, pUniyA jaise dhUniyA aura zakaDAla putra jaise kumbhakAra kA bhI vahI sthAna hai, jo sthAna usameM iMdrabhUti jaise vedapAThI brAhmaNa putra, dazArNabhadra evaM zreNika jaise kSatriya nareza, dhannA va zAlibhadra jaise samRddha zreSThI ratnoM kA hai| AtmadarzI sAdhaka jaise puNyavAn vyakti ko dharma upadeza karatA hai, vaise hI tuccha (vipanna, daridra) ko bhI dharma upadeza karatA hai| sanmArga kI sAdhanA meM sabhI mAnavoM ko samAna adhikAra prApta hai| dhanI-nirdhana, rAjA-prajA aura brAhmaNa-zUdra kA bheda jaina dharma ko mAnya nahIM hai| bhAratIya dharmoM meM varNa evaM jAti vyavasthA kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama mUlataH bhAratIya saMskRti meM varNavyavasthA evaM jAtivyavasthA ke viruddha jainadharma : khar3A huA thA, kiMtu kAlakrama meM bRhat hindU-samAja ke prabhAva se usameM bhI varNa evaM jAti sambaMdhI avadhAraNAeM praviSTa ho giiN| jaina paramparA meM jAti aura varNa vyavasthA ke udbhava evaM aitihAsika vikAsa kA vivaraNa sarvaprathama AcArAMganiyukti (lagabhaga IsvI san dUsarI zatI) meM prApta hotA hai| usake anusAra prArambha meM manuSya jAti eka hI thii| RSabha ke dvArA rAjya-vyavasthA kA prArambha hone para usake do vibhAga ho gae- 1. zAsaka (svAmI), 2. zAsita (sevk)| usake pazcAt zilpa aura vANijya ke vikAsa ke sAtha usake tIna vibhAga hue- 1. kSatriya (zAsaka), 2. vaizya (kRSaka evaM vyavasAyI) aura 3. zUdra (sevk)| usake pazcAt zrAvaka dharma kI sthApanA hone para ahiMsaka, sadAcArI aura dharmaniSTha vyaktiyoM ko brAhmaNa (mAhaNa) kahA gyaa| isa prakAra kramazaH cAra varNa astitva meM aae| ina cAra varNoM ke strI-puruSoM ke samavarNIya tathA aMtarvarNIya anuloma evaM pratiloma saMyogoM se solaha varNa bane, jinameM sAta varNa aura nau aMtaravarNa khlaae| sAta varNa meM samavarNIya strI-puruSa ke saMyoga se cAra mUla varNa tathA brAhmaNa puruSa (67)

Page #72
evaM kSatriya strI ke saMyoga se utpanna, kSatriya puruSa aura vaizya strI ke saMyoga se utpanna aura vaizya puruSa aura zUdra strI ke saMyoga se utpanna- aise anuloma saMyoga se utpanna tIna varNI AcArAMgacUrNi (IsA kI 7vIM zatI) meM ise spaSTa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa puruSa evaM kSatrANI ke saMyoga se jo saMtAna hotI hai, vaha uttama kSatriya, zUdra kSatriya yA saMkara kSatriya kahI jAtI hai, yaha pAMcavA varNa hai| isI prakAra, kSatriya puruSa aura vaizya strI se utpanna saMtAna uttama vaizya, zuddha vaizya yA saMkara vaizya kahI jAtI hai, yaha chaThavAM varNa hai . tathA vaizya puruSa evaM zUdra strI ke saMyoga se utpanna saMtAna zuddha zUdra yA saMkara zUdra kahI jAtI hai, yaha sAtavAM varNa hai| punaH, anuloma aura pratiloma sambaMdhoM ke AdhAra para nimna nau aMtara-varNa bne| brAhmaNa puruSa aura vaizya strI se ambaSTha' nAmaka AThavAM varNa utpanna huaa| kSatriya puruSa aura zUdra strI se 'ugra' nAmaka nauvAM varNa huaa| brAhmaNa puruSa aura zUdra strI se 'niSAda' nAmaka dasavAM varNa utpanna huaa| zUdra puruSa aura vaizya strI se 'ayoga' nAmaka gyArahavAM varNa utpanna huaa| kSatriya aura brAhmaNI se sUta' nAmaka terahavAM varNa huA zUdra puruSa aura kSatriya strI se kSatrA' (khattA) nAmaka caudahavAM varNa utpanna huaa| vaizya puruSa aura brAhmaNa strI ke saMyoga se 'vaideha' nAmaka paMdrahavAM varNa utpanna huA aura zUdra puruSa tathA brAhmaNa strI ke saMyoga se 'cANDAla' nAmaka solahavAM varNa huaa| isake pazcAt ina solaha vargoM meM paraspara anuloma evaM pratiloma saMyoga se aneka jAtiyAM astitva meM aaiiN| . uparyukta vivaraNa meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki jaina dharma ke AcAryoM ne bhI kAla-krama meM jAti aura varNa kI utpatti ke saMdarbha meM hindU paramparA kI vyavasthAoM ko apane DhaMga se saMzodhita kara svIkAra kara liyaa| lagabhaga sAtavIM sadI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hue AcArya jinasena ne lokApavAda ke bhaya se tathA jaina dharma kA astitva aura sAmAjika sammAna banAe rakhane ke lie hindU varNa evaM jAtivyavasthA ko isa prakAra AtmasAt kara liyA ki isa sambaMdha meM jainoM kA jo vaiziSTya thA, vaha prAyaH samApta ho gayA jinasena ne sarvaprathama yaha batAyA ki Adi brahmA RSabhadeva ne SaTkarmoM kA upadeza dene ke pazcAt tIna varNoM (kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra) kI sRSTi kii| isI graMtha meM Age yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo kSatriya aura vaizya varNa kI sevA karate haiM; ve zUdra haiN| inake do bheda haiM- kArU aura akaaruu| punaH, kArU ke bhI do bheda haiM- spRzya aura aspRzyA dhobI, nApita Adi spRzya zUdra haiM aura cANDAla Adi jo nagara ke bAhara rahate haiM, ve aspRzya zUdra haiM (AdipurANa 16/184-186) / zUdroM ke kAru aura akAru tathA spRzya evaM aspRzya- ye bheda (68)

Page #73
sarvaprathama purANakAra jinasena ne kie haiN| unake pUrvavartI anya kisI jaina AcArya ne isa prakAra ke bhedoM ko mAnya nahIM kiyA hai, kiMtu hindU samAja vyavasthA se prabhAvita bAda ke jaina AcAryoM ne ise prAyaH mAnya kiyaa| SaTprAbhRta ke TIkAkAra zrutasAgara ne bhI isa spRzya-aspRzya kI carcA kI hai| yadyapi purANakAra ne zUdroM ko ekazATakavrata arthAt kSullakadIkSA kA adhikAra mAnya kiyA thA, kiMtu bAda ke digambara jaina AcAryoM ne usameM bhI kamI kara dii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnAMgasUtra (3/202) ke mUla pATha meM to kevala rogI, bhayArtta aura napuMsaka kI muni dIkSA kA niSedha thA, kiMtu paravartI TIkAkAroM ne cANDAlAdi jAtijuMgita aura vyAdhAdi karmajuMgita logoM ko dIkSA dene kA niSedha kara diyA, phira bhI yaha saba jaina dharma kI mUla paramparA ke to viruddha hI thaa| jAtIya ahaMkAra mithyA hai jainadharma meM jAtIya mada aura kula mada ko niMdita mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva-jIvanoM kI kathA meM yaha carcA AtI hai ki mArIci ke bhava meM unhoMne apane kula kA ahaMkAra kiyA thA, phalataH unheM nimna bhikSuka kula arthAt brAhmaNI mAtA ke garbha meM AnA par3A hai| AcArAMga meM ve svayaM kahate haiM ki yaha AtmA aneka bAra ucca gotra ko aura aneka bAra nIca gotra ko prApta ho cukA hai, isalie vastutaH na to koI hIna/nIca hai aura na koI atirikta/vizeSa/ucca hai| sAdhaka isa tathya ko jAnakara ucca gotra kI spRhA na kre| ukta tathya ko jAna lene para bhalA kauna gotravAdI hogA? kauna * ucca gotra kA ahaMkAra karegA? aura kauna kisa gotra/jAti vizeSa meM Asakta citta hogA ? isalie, vivekazIla manuSya ucca gotra prApta hone para harSita na hoM aura na nIca gotra prApta hone para kupita/duHkhI hoN| yadyapi jainadharma meM ucca gotra evaM nimna gotra kI carcA upalabdha hai, kiMtu gotra kA sambaMdha pariveza ke acche yA bure hone se hai| gotra kA sambaMdha jAti athavA spRzyatA-aspRzyatA ke sAtha jor3anA bhrAMti hai| jaina karmasiddhAMta ke anusAra devagati meM ucca gotra kA udaya hotA hai aura tiryaMca mAtra meM nIca gotra kA udaya hotA hai, kiMtu devayoni meM bhI kilviSika deva nIca evaM aspRzyavat hote haiN| isake viparIta, aneka nimna gotra meM utpanna pazu, jaise- gAya, ghor3A, hAthI bahuta hI sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte haiM, ve aspRzya nahIM mAne jaate| ataH, ucca gotra meM utpanna vyakti bhI hIna aura nIca gotra meM utpanna vyakti bhI ucca ho sakatA hai, ata: gotravAda kI dhAraNA ko pracalita jAtivAda tathA spRzyAspRzya kI dhAraNA ke sAtha nahIM jor3anA caahie| bhagavAn (69)

Page #74
mahAvIra ne prastuta sUtra meM jAti-mada, gotra-mada Adi ko nirasta karate hue yaha spaSTa kaha diyA hai ki 'jaba AtmA aneka bAra ucca-nIca gotra kA sparza kara cukA hai, kara rahA hai, taba phira kauna UMcA hai? kauna nIcA? UMca-nIca kI bhAvanA mAtra eka ahaMkAra hai aura ahaMkAra 'mada' hai| mada nIca gotra ke baMdhana kA mukhya kAraNa hai| ataH, isa gotravAda va mAnavAda kI bhAvanA se mukta hokara jo unameM taTastha rahatA hai, vahI samatvazIla hai, vahI paNDita hai| mathurA se prApta abhilekhoM kA jaba hama adhyayana karate haiM, to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki na kevala prAcIna AgamoM se, apitu ina abhilekhoM se bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki jaina dharma ne sadaiva hI sAmAjika samatA para bala diyA hai aura jainadharma meM praveza kA dvAra sabhI jAtiyoM ke vyaktiyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se khulA rahA hai| mathurA ke jaina abhilekha isa tathya ke spaSTa pramANa haiM ki jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa aura jina pratimAoM kI pratiSThA meM dhanI-nirdhana, brAhmaNa-zUdra sabhI vargoM, jAtiyoM evaM vargoM ke loga samAna rUpa se bhAga lete the| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM hama yaha pAte haiM ki lohAra, sunAra, gandhI, kevaTa, lauhavaNik, nartaka aura yahAM taka ki gaNikAeM bhI jina maMdiroM kA nirmANa va jina pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karavAtI thii| jJAtavya hai ki mathurA ke ina abhilekhoM meM lagabhaga 60 pratizata dAnadAtA una jAtiyoM se haiM, jinheM sAmAnyatayA nimna mAnA jAtA hai| sthUlibhadra kI preyasI kozA vezyA dvArA jainadharma aMgIkAra karane kI kathA to lokavizruta hai hii| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM bhI gaNikA nAdA dvArA devakulikA kI sthApanA bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karatI hai ki eka gaNikA bhI zrAvikA ke vratoM ko aMgIkAra karake utanI hI AdaraNIya bana jAtI thI, jitanI koI raaj-mhissii| AvazyakacUrNi aura titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM varNita kozA vezyA kA kathAnaka aura mathurA meM nAdA nAmaka gaNikA dvArA sthApita devakulikA, AyagapaTTa Adi isa tathya ke spaSTa pramANa haiN| jaina dharma yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki koI duSkarmA va durAcArI vyakti bhI apane duSkarma kA parityAga karake sadAcArapUrNa naitika-jIvana va vyavasAya ko apanAkara samAja meM pratiSThita bana sakatA hai| jaina sAdhanA kA rAjamArga to usakA hai, jo usa para calatA hai, varNa, jAti yA varga vizeSa kA usa para ekAdhikAra nahIM hai| jaina dharma sAdhanA kA upadeza to varSA Rtu ke jala ke samAna hai, jo UMce parvatoM, nIce kheta-khalihAnoM para suMdara mahala va jhopar3I para samAna rUpa se barasatA hai| jisa prakAra bAdala binA bheda-bhAva ke sarvatra jala kI vRSTi karate haiM, usI prakAra muni ko bhI UMca-nIca, dhanI-nirdhana kA vicAra kie vagaira sarvatra (70)

Page #75
sanmArga kA upadeza karanA caahie| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki usameM se kauna kitanA grahaNa karatA hai| jaina dharma meM janma ke AdhAra para kisI ko nimna yA ucca nahIM kahA jA sakatA, hAM vaha itanA avazya mAnatA hai ki anaitikaAcaraNa karanA athavA krUra karma dvArA apanI AjIvikA arjana karanA yogya nahIM hai, aise vyakti avazya hIna karmA kahe gae haiM, kiMtu ve apane krUra evaM anaitika karmoM kA parityAga karake zreSTha bana sakate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki Aja bhI jaina dharma meM aura jaina zramaNoM meM vibhinna jAtiyoM meM vyakti praveza pAte haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, zramaNa jIvana ko aMgIkAra karane ke sAtha hI nimna vyakti bhI sabhI kA usI prakAra AdaraNIya bana jAtA hai, jisa prakAra uccakula yA jAti kA vyaktiA jainasaMgha meM unakA sthAna samAna hotA hai| yadyapi madhyakAla meM hindU paramparA ke prabhAva se, vizeSa rUpa se dakSiNa bhArata meM jAtivAda kA prabhAva jaina samAja para bhI AyA aura madhyakAla meM mAtaMga Adi jAti-juMgita (nimna jAti) evaM machuAre, naTa Adi karmajuMgita vyaktiyoM kA zramaNa saMsthA meM praveza ayogya mAnA gayA jaina AcAryoM ne isakA koI Agamika pramANa na dekara mAtra lokopavAda kA pramANa diyA, jo spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki jaina paramparA ko jAtivAda bRhad hindU prabhAva ke kAraNa lokopavAda ke bhaya se svIkAranA pdd'aa| isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita jaina dharma kI digambara paramparA meM jo zUdra kI dIkSA evaM mukti ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA AI, vaha saba brAhmaNa paramparA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI thaa| yadyapi hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dakSiNa meM jo nimna jAti ke loga jainadharma kA pAlana karate the, ve isa sabake bAvajUda jainadharma se jur3e rahe aura ve Aja bhI paMcama varNa ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| yadyapi bRhad hindU samAja ke prabhAva ke kAraNa jainoM ne apane prAcIna mAnavIya samatA ke siddhAMta kA jo ullaMghana kiyA, usakA pariNAma bhI unheM bhugatanA par3A aura jainoM kI janasaMkhyA sImita ho gii| vigata varSoM meM sadbhAgya se jainoM meM, vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha samatAvAdI dRSTi puna: vikasita huI hai| kucha jaina AcAryoM ke isa dizA meM prayatna ke pha lasvarUpa kucha aisI jAtiyAM, jo nimna evaM krUrakarmA samajhI jAtI thIM, na kevala jaina dharma meM dIkSita huIM, apitu unhoMne apane hiMsaka vyavasAya ko tyAgakara sadAcArI jIvana ko apanAyA hai| vizeSa rUpa se khaTika aura balAI jAtiyAM jaina dharma se jur3I haiN| khaTikoM (hindU-kasAiyoM) ke lagabhaga pAMca hajAra parivAra samIra munijI kI vizeSa preraNA se apane hiMsaka vyavasAya aura madirA kA sevana Adi vyasanoM kA parityAga karake jaina dharma (71)

Page #76
se jur3e aura ye parivAra Aja na kevala samRddha va sampanna haiM, apitu jaina samAja meM bhI barAbarI kA sthAna pA cuke haiN| isI prakAra balAiyoM (harijanoM) kA bhI eka bar3A tabakA mAlavA meM AcArya nAnAlAlajI kI preraNA se madirA sevana, mAMsAhAra Adi tyAgakara jainadharma se jur3A aura eka sadAcArapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane ko prerita huA hai, ye isa dizA meM acchI upalabdhi hai| kucha anya zvetAmbara evaM digambara jaina AcAryoM evaM muniyoM ne bhI bihAra prAMta meM sarAka jAti evaM paraspara kSatriyoM ko jaina dharma se punaH jor3ane ke saphala prayatna kie haiN| Aja bhI aneka jainamuni sAmAnyatayA nimna kahI jAne vAlI jAtiyoM se dIkSita haiM aura jaina saMgha meM samAna rUpa se AdaraNIya haiN| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki jainadharma sadaiva hI sAmAjika samatA kA samarthaka rahA hai| varNavyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM jo ciMtana huA, usake niSkarSa nimna haiM 1. sampUrNa mAnava jAti eka hI hai, kyoMki usameM jAtibheda karane vAlA aisA koI bhI svAbhAvika lakSaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai, jo ki eka jAti ke pazu se dUsare jAti ke pazu meM aMtara hotA hai| 2. prArambha meM manuSya jAti eka hI thii| varNa evaM jAtivyavasthA svAbhAvika yogyatA ke AdhAra para sAmAjika kartavyoM ke kAraNa aura AjIvikA hetu vyavasAya ko apanAne ke kAraNa utpanna huii| jaise-jaise AjIvikA arjana ke vividha strota vikasita hote gae, vaise-vaise mAnava samAja meM vividha jAtiyAM astitva meM AtI gaIM, kiMtu ye jAtiyAM maulika nahIM haiM, mAtra mAnava sRjita haiN| 3. jAti aura varNa kA nirdhAraNa janma ke AdhAra para na hokara vyakti ke zubhAzubha AcaraNa evaM usake dvArA apanAe gae vyavasAya dvArA hotA hai, ataH varNa aura jAti vyavasthA janmanA nahIM, apitu karmaNA hai| 4. yadi jAti aura varNavyavasthA sAmAjika dAyitva para sthita hai, to aisI sthiti meM sAmAjika karttavya aura vyavasAya ke parivartana ke AdhAra para jAti evaM varNa meM parivartana sambhava hai| 5. koI bhI vyakti kisI jAti yA parivAra meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa hIna yA zreSTha nahIM hotA, apitu vaha apane satkarmoM ke AdhAra para zreSTha hotA hai| 6. jAti evaM kula kI zreSThatA kA ahaMkAra mithyA hai| usake kAraNa sAmAjika samatA evaM zAMti bhaMga hotI hai| 7. jainadharma ke dvAra sabhI varNa aura jAtiyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se khule rahe haiN| (72)

Page #77
prAcIna stara ke jaina graMthoM se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki usameM cAroM hI vargoM aura sabhI jAtiyoM ke vyakti jina-pUjA karane, zrAvaka dharma evaM munidharma kA pAlana karane aura sAdhana ke sarvocca lakSya nirvANa ko prApta karane ke adhikArI mAne gae the| sAtavIMAThavIM sadI meM jinasena ne sarvaprathama zadra ko muni dIkSA aura mokSa prApti ke ayogya maanaa| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM kahIM zUdra kI dIkSA kA niSedha nahIM hai, sthAnAMga meM mAtra rogI, bhayArtta aura napuMsaka kI dIkSA kA niSedha hai, kiMtu Age calakara unameM bhI jAtijuMgita, jaise-cANDAla Adi aura karmajaMgita, jaise- kasAI Adi kI dIkSA kA niSedha kara diyA gayA, kiMtu yaha bRhattara hindU paramparA kA prabhAva hI thA, jo ki jainadharma ke mUla siddhAMta ke viruddha thA, jainoM ne ise kevala apanI sAmAjika pratiSThA ko banAe rakhane hetuM mAnya kiyA, kyoMki AgamoM meM harakezIbala, maitArya, mAtaMgamuni Adi aneka cANDAloM ke muni hone aura mokSa prApta karane ke ullekha haiN| 8. prAcIna jainAgamoM meM muni ke lie uttama, madhyama aura nimna- tInoM hI kuloM se bhikSA grahaNa karane kA nirdeza milatA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jainadharma meM varNa yA jAti kA koI bhI mahattva nahIM thaa| 9. jainadharma yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki manuSyoM meM kucha svabhAvagata bhinnatAeM sambhava haiM, jinake AdhAra para unake sAmAjika dAyitva evaM jIvikArjana ke sAdhana bhinna hote haiM, phira bhI vaha isa bAta kA samarthaka hai ki sabhI manuSyoM ko apane sAmAjika dAyitvoM evaM AjIvikA arjana ke sAdhanoM ko cayana karane kI pUrNa svataMtratA aura sAmAjika, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika kSetra meM vikAsa ke samAna avasara upalabdha hone cAhie, kyoMki ye hI sAmAjika samatA ke mUla AdhAra haiN| . saMdarbha - 1. brAhmaNA'sya mukhamAsIdvAhU rAjanyaH kRtH| Uru tadasya yadvaizyaH padabhyAM zUdro ajAyat / / - Rgveda, 10/90/12, saM. dAmodara sAtavalekara, bAlasADa, 1988 abhidhAnarAjeMdrakoza, khaNDa 4, pR. 1441 catvAra ekasya pituH sutAzcetteSAM sutAnAM khalu jAtirekA / evaM prajAnAM ca pitaika evaM pitraikabhAvAdya na jAtibhedaH / / phalAnyathodumbara vRkSajAteryathAgramadhyAnta bhavAni yAni / (73) 3.

Page #78
rUpAkSatisparzasamAni tAni tathaikato jAtirapi prcintyaa|| na brAhmaNAzcandramarIcizubhrA na kSatriyAH kiMzukapuSpagaurAH / na ceha vaizyA haritAlatulyAH zUdrA na cADgAra samAnavarNAH // - varAMgacarita, sarga 25, zloka 3, 4, 7 - jaTAsiMhanandi, saMpA. e.ena.upAdhye, bambaI 1938 ye nigrahAnugrahayorazaktA dvijA varAkAH prpossyjiivaaH| mAyAvino dInatamA nRpebhyaH kathaM bhvntyuttmjaatyste|| . . teSAM dvijAnAM mukha nirgatAni vcaaNsymoghaanyghnaashkaani| . ihApi kAmAnsvamanaH praklaptAna labhanta ityeva mRSAvacastat / / yathAnaTo raMgamupetya citraM nRttAnurUpAnupayAti veSAn / jIvastathA saMsRtiraMgamadhye karmAnurUpAnupayAti bhAvAn // na brahmajAtistviha kAcidasti na kSatriyo nApi ca vaishyshuudre| tatastU karmAnuvazA hitAtmA saMsAra cakre parivaMbhramIti // ApAtakatvAcca zarIradAhe dehaM na hi brahma vadanti tjjhaaH| jJAnaM ca na brahma yato nikRSTa zUdro'pi vedAdhyayanaM karoti // vidyAkriyA cAru guNaiH prahINo na jAtimAtreNa bhavetsa viprH| jJAnena zIlena guNena yukta taM brAhmaNaM brahmavido vadanti / / __- vahI, sarga 25, zloka 33, 34, 40-43 .. je loe bambhalo vutto, aggI vA mahio jhaa|' sayA kusalasaMdiTuM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // jo na sajjai AgantuM, pavvayanto na soyii| . ramai ajjavayaNaMmi, taM vayaM bUma maahnnN|| jAyarUvaM jahAmaTTha, niddhantamalapAvagaM / rAgaddosabhayAIyaM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // tavassyiM kisaM dantaM avaciyarmasasoNiyaM / suvvayaM pattanivvANaM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // tasapANe viyANettA, saMgaheNa ya thaavre| jo na hiMsai tiviheNaM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / kohA vA jai vA hAsA, lohA vA jai vA bhyaa| (74)

Page #79
musaM na vayaI jo u, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / cittamantamacittaM vA, appaM vA jai vA bahuM / na geNhAi adattaM je, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // davvamANusatericchaM, jo na sevai mehunnN| maNasA kAyavakkeNaM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / jahA pomaM jale jAyaM, novalippai vaarinnaa| evaM alittaM kAmehiM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / aloluyaM muhAjIvI, aNagAraM akiMcaNaM / asaMsattaM gihatthesu taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / jahittA puvvasaMjogaM, nAisaMge ya bndhve| jo na sajjai bhogesuM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpAdaka-sAdhvI caMdanA, 25/19-29 vAripokkharapatte va Araggeriva saaspo| yo na lippati kAmesu tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM // yo dukkhassa pajAnAti idheva khymttno| pannabhAraM visaJattaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM // gambhIra pajhaM medhAviM maggAmaggassa kovidN| uttamatthaM anuppattaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM // - dhammapada, brAhmaNavarga, 401-403, saMpAdaka-bhikSudharmarakSita, 1983 zudro'pi zIlasaMpanno guNavAn brAhmaNo bhvet| brAhmaNo'pi kriyAhInaH zUdrApatyasamo bhavet // ataH - sarvajAtiSu cANDAlAH sarvajAtiSu brAhmaNAH / brAhmaNeSvapi cANDAlAH cANDAleSvapi brAhmaNAH // kRSi-vANijya-gorakSAM rAjasevAmakiMcanAH / ye ca viprAH prakRrvanti na te kaunteya ! brAhmaNAH / / 3 / / hiMsako'nRtavAdI ca yauryayAbhiratazca yaH / paradAropasevI ca sarve te patitA dvijAH // brahmacaryatapoyuktAH samAnaloSTakAMcanAH / sarvabhUtadayAvanto brAhmaNAH sarvajAtiSu // (75)

Page #80
kSAntyAdikaguNairyukto vyastadaNDo nirAmiSaH / na hanti sarvabhUtAni prathamaM brahmalakSaNam / / sadA sarvAnRtaM tyaktavA mithyAvAdAd viracyate / nAtRtaM ca vedad vAkyaM dvitIyaM brahmalakSaNam / / sadA sarva paradravyaM bahirvA yadi vA gRhe| adattaM naiva gRhAti tRtIyaM brahmalakSaNam // .. devAsuramanuSyeSu tiryagyonigateSu c| . na sevate maithunaM yazcacaturthaM brahmalakSaNam / / tyaktavA kuTumbavAsaM tu nirmamo niH prigrhH| yuktazcarati niH saDgaH paMcamaM brahmalakSaNam // . paMcalakSaNasaMpUrNa Izo yo bhaved dvijaH / mahAntaM brAhmaNaM manye zeSAH zUdrA yudhiSThira ! // kaivartIgarbhasambhUto vyAso nAma mahAmuniH / tapasA brAhmaNo jAtastasmAjAtiraMkAraNam / / hariNIgarbhasambhUto RSizrRMDgo mahAmuniH / tapa / / zunakIgarbhasambhUtaH zuko nAma mustithA / tp|| . maNDUkIgarbhasambhUto mANDavyazca mahAmuniH / tapa // urvazIgarbhasambhUto vaziSThastu mahAmuniH / tapa / / na teSAM brAhmaNI mAtA saMskArazca na vidyate / tp|| yadvatkASThamayo hastI yadvaccarmamayo mRgH| brAhmaNastu kiyAhInastraste nAmadhArakAH // - kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha ke aMtargata kumArapAla prabodha, pR.606, zloka 119-136, saMpAdaka - jinavijayamuni, prakAzaka-siMghI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vikrama saMvat 2013 / kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisse kammuNAhoi suddo havai kammuNA / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 25/33 manuSyajAtirekaiva jaatinaamodyodbhvaa| vRttibhedAhitAdbhedAccAturvidhyamihAznute / / 38-45 (76) 8.

Page #81
12. brAhmaNA vratasaMskArAt kSatrayAH zastradhAraNAt / / vaNijo'rthArjanAnnayAyyAta zUdrA nyagvRttisaMzrayAt / / 38-46 / / guroranujJayA labdhadhanadhAnyAdisampadaH / pRthakkRtAlayasyAsyai vRttirvarNAptirisyate // 38-137 / / sRSTayantaramato dUraM apAsya nayatattvavit / anAdikSatriyaiH sRSTAM dharmasRSTi prabhAvayet / / 40-189 / / tIrthakRdriyaM sRSTA dharmasRSTiH snaatnii| . tAM saMzritAnnRpAneva sRSTihetUn prakAzayet / / 40-190 / / - mahApurANa, jinasena, 38/45-46, 137, 189, 190 10. bhagavadgItA, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, pR. 353 . 11. cAturvarNya mayA sRSTaM gunnkrmvibhaagshH| - gItA, 4/13 bhagavadgItA rAdhAkRSNana, pR. 163 rAjan kulena vRttena svAdhyAyena zrutena vaa| brAhmaNyaM kena bhavita prabuhyetat sunizcitam / / 3/3/107 / / zruNu yakSa kulaM tAta na svAdhyAyo na ca shrutm| kAraNaM hi dvijatve ca vRttameva na saMzayaH / / - mahAbhArata, vanaparva, 313/107, 108 gItA presa, gorakhapura . 14. dekheM - chAndogyopaniSad (gItA presa, gorakhapura) 4/4 zUdro brAhmaNatAmeti brAhmaNazcaiti shuudrtaam| kSatriyAjjAtamevaM tu vidyAdvaizcAttathaiva ca // __- manusmRti 10/65, saM. satyabhUSaNa yogI, 1966 16. samyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaMgadehajam / devA devaM vidurbhsmguuddhaaNgaaraantraujsm|| - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 28 : 17. na jAtirgarhitA kAcit guNAH kalyANakAraNam / vratasthamapi cANDAlaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH / / - padmacarita, parva, 11/203 nirganthapravacanabhASya - muni zrI cauthamalajI, pR. 289 19. sakkhaM khudIsai tavo viseso, na dIsaI jAi visesa koi| (77) 18.

Page #82
sovAgaputte hariesa sAhU, jasse iDi mhaannubhaagaa|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12/37 . 20. jahA puNNassa katthati tahA tucchassa ktthti| jahA tucchassa katthati tahA puNNassa katthati // - AcArAMga, saM. madhukara muni, 1/2/6/102 21.a. ekkA maNussajAI rajjuppattIi do kayA usbhe| tiNNeva sippavaNie sAvagadhammammi cattAri // saMjoga solasagaM satta ya vaNNa u nava ya aNtrinno| ee dovi vigappA ThavaNA baMbhassa NAyavvA // pagaI caukkagANaMtare ya te huMti satta vaNNA u| . ANaMtaresu caramo eNNe khalu hoi nnaayvvo|| aMbaTugganisAyA ya ajogavaM mAgahA ya sUyA ya / khattA (ya) videhAviya caMDAlA navamagA huMti / / egaMtarie iNamo aMbaTTho ceva hoi uggo y| biiyaMtayaria nisAo parAsaraM taM ca puNa vege|| , ' paDilome suddAI ajogavaM mAgaho ya sUo a| . egaMtarie khattA vedehA ceva naayvvaa|| bitiyaMtare niyamA caNDAlo so'vi hoi nnaayvvo| aNulome paDilome evaM ee bhave bheyaa|| uggeNaM khattAe sovAgo veNavo videheNaM / aMbaThThIe suddIya bukkaso jo nissaaennN|| . sUeNa nisAIe kukkarao sovi hoi nnaayvvo| eso bIo bheo cauvviho hoi NAyavvo ||-aacaaraaNgniyukti, 19-27 21. ba. "egA maNussajAI gAhA (19-8) ettha usabhasAmissa' punvabhavajammaNaahiseyacakkavaTThirAyAbhisegAti, tattha je . rAyaassitA te ya khattiyA jAyA aNassitA givaiNo jAyA, jayA aggI uppaNNo tato ya bhagava'ssitA sippiyA vANigayA jAyA, tehiM tehiM sippavANijjehiM vittiM visaMtItI vaissA uppannA, bhagavae pavvaie bharahe abhisitte sAgadhamme uppaNNe baMbhaNA, aNassitA. (78)

Page #83
baMbhaNA jAyA mAhaNati, ujjugasabhAvA dhammapiyAM jaM ca kiMci haNaMtaM picchaMti taM nivAraMti mA haNa bho mA haNa, evaM te jaNeNaM sukammanivattitasannA baMbhaNA (mAhaNA) jAyA, je puNa aNassiyA asippaNo te vayakha (ka) lAsuibahikaA tesu tesu paoyaNesu soyamANA hiMsAcoriyAdisu sajjamANA sogadrohaNasIlA suddA saMvuttA, evaM tAvaM cattArivi vaNNA ThAAvitA, sesAo saMjoeNaM tattha saMjoe solasayaM gAhA (20-8) etesiM ceva ca uNhaM vaNNANaM puvvANupuvvIe aNaMtarasaMjoeNaM aNNe tiNNi vaNNA bhavaMti, tattha 'payatI caukkayANaMtare' gAhA (21-8) pagatI NAma baMbhakhattiyavaisasuddA cauro vnnnnaa| idANiM aMtareNa-baMbhaNeNaM khattiyANIe jAo so uttamakhattio vA suddhakhattio vA ahavA saMkarakhattio paMcamo vaNNo, jo puNa khattieNaM vaissIe jAo eso uttamavaisso vA suddhavaisso vA saMkaravaisso yA chaTTho vaNNo, jo vaisseNa suddIe jAto so uttamasuddo vA (suddhasuddo) vA saMkarasuddo vA sattamo vnnnno| idANiM vaNNeNaM vaNNehiM vA aMtarito aNulomao paDilomato ya aMtarA satta vaNNaMtarayA bhavaMti, je. aMtariyA te egaMtariyA duariyA bhvNti| cattAri gAhAo paDhiyavvAo (22, 23, 24, 25-8) tattha tAva baMbhaNeNaM vaissIe jAo aMbahrotti vuccai eso aTThamo vaNNo, khattieNaM suMdIe jAto uggotti vuccai eso navamo vaNNo, baMbhaNeNa suddIe nisAtotti vuccai, kittipArAsavetti, tiNNi gayA, dasamo vnnnno| idANiM paDilomA bhaNNaMti-suddeNa vaissIe jAo augavutti bhaNNai, ekkArasamo vaNNo, vaisseNaM khattiyANIe jAo mAgahotti bhaNNai, duvAlasamo, khattieNaM baMbhaNIe jAo saotti bhaNNati, teraso vaNNo suddeNa khattiyANIe jAo khattiotti bhaNNai . coddasamo, vaisseNa baMbhaNIe jAo vaidehotti bhaNNati, pannarasamo vaNNo, suddeNa baMbhaNIe jAo caMDAletti pavuccai, solasamo vaNNo, etavUtirittAjete bijAte te vaccaMti-uggeNa khattiyANie sovAgetti vuccai, vaideheNaM khattIe jAo veNavutti vuccai, nisAeNaM (79)

Page #84
aMbaTTIe jAo bokkasotti vuccai, nisAeNa suddIe jAto sovi bokkaso, suddeNa nisAdIe, kukkuDao evaM scchNdmtivigppitN| 22. kSatriyAH zastrajIvitvaM anubhUya tadAbhavan / vaizyAzca kRSivANijyapazupAlyopajIvitAH / teSAM zuzrUSaNAcchUdrAste dvidhA kArvakAravaH / . kAravo rAjakAdyAH syustato'nye sthurakAravaH // kAravo'pi matA dvedhA spRshyaaspRshyviklptH| tatrAspRzyAH prajAvAsyAH spRzyAH syu karttakAdayaH // .. - AdipurANa, 16/184-186 23. tato No kappaMti pavvAvettae, taM-paMDae vItte (cAhie) kIve ? 24. yadAha -- '3 bAle bur3e napuMse ya, jaDDe kIve ya vaahie| teNe rAyAvagArIya, ummatte ya aMdasaNe // 1 // . . dAse duDhe (ya) aNatta juMgie iy| obaddhae ya bhayae, sehanippheDiyA iya / / 2 / / sthAnAMgasUtrama, abhayadevasUrivRtti, (prakAzaka-seTha mANekalAla, cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda, . vikrama saMvat 1994) sUtra 3/202, vRtti, pR. 154 se asaI uccAgoe asaMi nniiyaagoe| No hINe No airite No piihe|| , itisaMkhAya ke gotAvAdI, ke mANAvAdI, kaMsi vA ege gijjhe? tamhApaMDite No harise No kujjhe| - AcArAMga, (saM. madhukaramuni),1/2/3/75 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, saMgrahakartA-vijayamUrti, lekha kramAMka 8, 31, 41, 54, 62, 67, 69. 27. a. AvazyakacUrNi, jinadAsagaNi, RSabhadeva kesarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, bhAga 1, pR.554 ba. bhaktaparijJA, 128 sa. titthogAlia, 777 28. AcArAMga, saM.madhukaramuni, 1/2/6/102. 25. 26. . (80)

Page #85
bhAratIya saMskRti meM sAdhanA aura sevA kA saha-saMbaMdha sAmAnyatayA sAdhanA vyaktigata aura sevA samAjagata hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhanA kA saMbaMdha vyakti svayaM se hotA hai, ataH vaha vaiyaktika hotI hai, jabaki sevA kA saMbaMdha dUsare vyaktiyoM se hotA hai, ataH use samAjagata kahA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki sAdhanA aura sevA eka-dUsare se nirapekSa haiN| inake bIca kisI prakAra kA saha-saMbaMdha nahIM hai| kiMtu merI dRSTi meM sAdhanA aura sevA ko eka-dUsare se nirapekSa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, ve eka-dUsare kI pUraka haiM, kyoMki vyakti apane Apa meM kevala vyakti hI nahIM hai, vaha samAja bhI hai| vyakti ke abhAva meM samAja kI parikalpanA jisa prakAra AdhArahIna hai, usI prakAra samAja ke abhAva meM vyakti vizeSa rUpa se mAnava vyakti kA bhI koI astitva nahIM hai, kyoMki na kevala manuSyoM meM apitu kisI sImA taka pazuoM meM bhI eka sAmAjika vyavasthA dekhI jAtI hai| vaijJAnika adhyayanoM se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki cIMTI aura madhumakkhI jaise kSudra prANiyoM meM bhI eka sAmAjika vyavasthA hotI hai| ataH yaha siddha hai ki vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare se nirapekSa nahIM hai| yadi vyakti aura samAja paraspara sApekSa hai aura unake bIca koI saha-saMbaMdha hai to phi ra hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki sAdhanA aura sevA bhI paraspara sApekSa hai aura unake bIca bhI eka saha-saMbaMdha hai| jaina darzana meM vyakti kI sAmAjika prakRti kA citraNa karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pArasparika sahayoga prANIya prakRti hai| isa saMdarbha meM jaina dArzanika umAsvAti ne tatvArthasUtra meM eka sUtra diyA hai- parasparopagrahojIvAnam (5/20) arthAt eka-dUsare kA hitasAdhana karanA prANiyoM kI prakRti hai| prANI jagat meM yaha eka. svAbhAvika niyama hai ki ve eka-dUsare ke sahayoga yA saha-saMbaMdha ke binA jIvita nahIM raha skte| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jIvana kA kArya hai-dUsare ke jIvita jIne meM eka-dUsare kA sahayogI bnnaa| jIvana eka-dUsare ke sahayoga se hI calatA hai, ataH eka-dUsare kA sahayoga karanA prANiyoM kA svAbhAvika dharma hai| kucha vicArakoM kA yaha socanA hai ki vyakti svabhAvataH svArthI hai, vaha kevala apanA hita cAhatA hai, kiMtu yaha eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai- yadi vyakti aura samAja (81)

Page #86
eka-dUsare se nirapekSa nahIM hai, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki vyakti ke hita meM hI samAja kA hita aura samAja ke hita meM hI vyakti kA hita samAyA huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sAmAjika-kalyANa aura vaiyaktika-kalyANa eka-dUsare se pRthaka nahIM hai| .. ___ yadi vyakti samAja kA mUlabhUta ghaTaka hai to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki samAja ke kalyANa meM vyakti kA kalyANa bhI nihita hai| vyaktiyoM ke abhAva meM samAja kA astitva nahIM hai| samAja ke nAma para jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai yA hotA hai usakA sIdhA lAbha to vyakti ko hI hotA hai| jaina darzana kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA sApekSavAda hai| usakA yaha spaSTa ciMtana hai ki vyakti ke binA samAja aura samAja ke binA vyakti saMbhava hI nahIM hai| vyakti samAja kI kRti hai usakA nirmANa samAja kI kAryazAlA meM hI hotA hai| hamArA vaiyaktika vikAsa, bhASA, sabhyatA evaM saMskAra samAja kA pariNAma hai| punaH samAja bhI vyaktiyoM se hI nirmita hotA hai| ataH vyakti aura samAja meM hama aMga-aMgI saMbaMdha dekhate haiM, kiMtu yaha saMbaMdha aisA hai jisameM eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI sattA hI nahIM rahatI hai| isa samasta carcA se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare meM anusyUta haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| yadi yaha satya hai to hameM yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki sevA aura sAdhanA meM paraspara saha-saMbaMdha hai| Age isa prazna para aura adhika gaMbhIratA se carcA kreNge| sAdhanA aura sevA ke isa saha-saMbaMdha kI carcA meM sarvaprathama hameM yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki sAdhanA kA prayojana yA uddezya kyA hai?yaha to spaSTa hai ki sAdhanA vaha prakriyA hai jo sAdhaka ko sAdhya se jor3atI hai| vaha sAdhya aura sAdhaka ke bIca eka yojaka kar3I hai| sAdhanA, sAdhana ke kriyAnvayana kI eka prakriyA hai| ataH binA sAdhya ke usakA koI artha nahI raha jAtA hai| sAdhanA meM sAdhya hI pramukha tatva hai| ataH sabase pahale hameM yaha nirdhArita karanA hogA ki sAdhanA kA vaha sAdhya kyA hai ?jisake lie sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| dArzanika dRSTi se pratyeka vyakti svarUpataH asIma yA pUrNa hai, kiMtu usakI yaha tArkika pUrNatA kinhIM sImAoM meM simaTa gaI hai| asIma hokara ke bhI usane apane ko sasIma banA liyA hai, jisa prakAra makar3I svayaM hI apanA jAla bunakara usI ghere meM sImita ho jAtI hai yA baMdha jAtI hai, usI prakAra vaiyaktika cetanA (AtmA) bhI AkAkSAoM yA mamatva ke ghere meM apane ko sImita kara baMdhana meM A jAtI hai| vastutaH sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM aura sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai- vyakti ko mamatva ke isa saMkucita ghere se nikAlakara punaH use apanI anantatA yA pUrNatA pradAna karanA hai| (82)

Page #87
dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to saMpUrNa dharmoM aura sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA uddezya AkAMkSA evaM mamatva ke ghere ko tor3akara apane ko pUrNatA kI dizA meM Age le jAnA hai| jisa vyakti ke mamatva kA gherA jitanA saMkucita yA sImita hotA hai vaha utanA hI kSudra hotA hai| isa mamatva ke ghere ko tor3ane kA sahajatama upAya hai- ise adhika se adhika vyApaka banAyA jaae| jo vyakti kevala apane daihika hita-sAdhana kA prayatna yA puruSArtha karatA hai, use nikRSTa koTi kA vyakti kahate hai| aise vyakti svArthI hote haiN| kiMtu jo vyakti apanI daihika vAsanAoM se Upara uThakara parivAra yA samAja ke kalyANa kI dizA meM prayatna yA puruSArtha karatA hai use utanA hI mahAn kahA jAtA hai| vaiyaktika hitoM se pArivArika hita, pArivArika hitoM se sAmAjika hita, sAmAjika hitoM se rASTrIya hita, rASTrIya hitoM se mAnavIya hita aura mAnavIya hitoM se prANI-jagat ke hita zreSTha mAne jAte haiN| jo vyakti inameM ucca, uccatara aura uccatama kI dizA meM jitanA Age bar3hatA hai use utanA hI mahAn kahA jAtA hai| kisI vyakti kI mahAnatA kI kasauTI yahI hai ki vaha kitane vyApaka hitoM ke lie kArya karatA hai| vahI sAdhaka zreSThatama samajhA jAtA hai jo apane jIvana ko saMpUrNa prANI-jagat ke hita ke lie samarpita kara detA hai| isa prakAra sAdhanA kA artha huA lokamaMgala yA vizvamaMgala ke lie apane Apa ko samarpita kara denaa| sAdhanA vaiyaktika hitoM se Upara uThakara prANI-jagat ke hita ke lie prayatna yA puruSArtha karanA hai, to vaha sevA se pRthaka nahIM hai| . . koI bhI bhAratIya dharma yA sAdhanA-paddhati aisI nahIM hai jo vyakti ko apane vaiyaktika hitoM yA vaiyaktika kalyANa taka sImita rahane ko kahatI hai| dharma kA artha bhI lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA hI hai| isa sambaMdha meM DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne eka kathA dI hai| yadi koI pativratA strI dina-rAta patideva kI mAlA japatI rahe aura pati ke bhojana-pAnI kI vyavasthA na kare, to kyA vaha pativratA kahI jaaegii| sAdhanA jaba taka sevA evaM samarpaNa se nahIM jur3egI; vaha apUrNa hogii| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne dharma kI paribhASA karate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai parahita sarisa dharama nahiM bhaaii| para pIr3A sama nhiNadhmaaii|| tulasIdAsa jI dvArA pratipAdita isI tathya ko prAcIna AcAryo ne paropakArAya puNyAya, pApAya para pIr3anam' arthAt paropakAra karanA puNya yA dharma hai aura dUsaroM ko (83)

Page #88
cIr3A denA pApa hai kahakara paribhASita kiyA thaa| puNya-pApa yA dharma-adharma ke bIca yadi koI sarvamAnya vibhAjaka rekhA hai to vaha vyakti kI lokamaMgala kI yA parahita kI bhAvanA hI hai jo dUsaroM ke hitoM ke lie yA samAja kalyANa ke lie apane hitoM kA samarpaNa karanA jAnatA hai, vahI naitika hai, vahIM dhArmika hai aura vahI puNyAtmA hai| lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA ko jIvana kA eka ucca Adarza mAnA gayA thA, yahI kAraNa thA ki bhagavAna buddha ne apane ziSyoM ko yaha upadeza diyA- 'carattha bhikkhave cArikkaMbahujanahitAya bahujanasukhAya' arthAt he bhikSuoM! bahujanoM ke hita ke lie aura bahujanoM ke sukha ke lie prayatna kro| na kevala jaina dharma, bauddha dharma yA hindU dharma kI apitu islAma aura IsAI dharma kI bhI mUlabhUta zikSA lokamaMgala yA sAmAjika hita-sAdhana hI rahI hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki sevA aura sAdhanA meM paraspara samAhita hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki vartamAna yuga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI daridranArAyaNa kI sevA ko hI sabase bar3A dharma yA kartavya khaa| __jo loga sAdhanA ko japa, tapa, pUjA, upAsanA yA nAma smaraNa taka sImita mAna lete haiM, ve vastutaH eka bhrAnti meM hI haiN| yaha prazna pratyeka dharma sAdhanA-paddhati meM uThA hai ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA arthAt japa, tapa, dhyAna, tathA prabhu kI pUjA-upAsanA aura sevA meM kauna zreSTha hai ? jaina paramparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se yaha pUchA gayA ki eka vyakti ApakI pUjA-upAsanA yA nAma smaraNa meM lagA huA hai aura dUsarA vyakti glAna evaM rogI kI sevA meM lagA huA hai, inameM kauna zreSTha hai ?pratyuttara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki jo rogI yA glAna kI sevA karatA hai, vahIM zreSTha hai, kyoMki vahI merI AjJA kA pAlana karatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaiyaktika japa, tapa, pUjA aura upAsanA kI apekSA jaina dharma meM bhI saMgha-sevA ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| ___ usameM saMgha yA samAja kA sthAna prabhu se bhI Upara hai, kyoMki tIrthaMkara bhI pravacana ke pUrva namo titthassa' kaha kara saMgha ko vaMdana karatA hai| saMgha ke hitoM kI upekSA karanA sabase bar3A aparAdha mAnA gayA thaa| jaba AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apanI dhyAna-sAdhanA meM vidhna AyegA, yaha samajha kara adhyayana karavAne se iMkAra kiyA to saMgha ne unase yaha prazna kiyA thA ki saMghahita aura ApakI vaiyaktika sAdhanA meM kauna zreSTha hai ? antatogatvA unheM saMghahita ko prAthamikatA denI pdd'ii| yahI bAta prakArAntara se hindU dharma meM bhI kahI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki ve vyakti jo dUsaroM kI sevA chor3akara kebala prabhu kA nAma smaraNa karate rahate haiM, ve bhagavAna ke sacce upAsaka nahIM hai| (84)

Page #89
isa prakAra samasta carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki sevA hI saccA dharma hai aura yahI saccI sAdhanA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma meM tapa ke jo vibhinna prakAra batAe gae hai, unameM vaiyAvRtya sevA ko eka mahatvapUrNa Abhyantara tapa mAnA gayA hai| tapa meM sevA kA antarbhAva yahI sUcita karatA hai ki sevA aura sAdhanA abhinna haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara pada, jo sAdhanA kA sarvocca sAdhya hai, kI prApti ke lie jina 16 yA 20 upAyoM kI carcA kI gayI hai usameM sevA ko sarvAdhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| gItA meM bhI lokamaMgala ko bhUtayajJa prANiyoM kI sevA kA nAma dekara yajJoM meM sarvazreSTha batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jo yajJa pahale vaiyaktika hitoM kI pUrti ke lie kie jAta the, unheM gItA ne mAnava sevA se joDakara eka mahatvapUrNa krAnti kI thii| dharma kA artha dAyitva yA kartavya kA paripAlana bhI hai| kartavyoM yA dAyitvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai- ekaM ve jo svayaM ke prati hote hai aura dUsare ve jo dUsare ke prati hote haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki vyakti ko apane jIvana rakSaNa aura astitva ke lie bhI kucha karanA hotA hai kiMtu isake sAtha-sAtha hI parivAra, samAja, rASTra yA mAnavatA ke prati bhI usake kucha kartavya hote haiN| vyakti ke svayaM ke prati jo dAyitva haiM ve hI dUsare kI dRSTi se usake adhikAra kahe jAte haiN| vaise to adhikAra aura kartavya paraspara sApekSa hI haiN| jo merA adhikAra hai vaha dUsaroM ke lie unake prati kartavya hai| dUsaroM ke prati apane kartavyoM kA paripAlana hI sevA hai| jaba yaha sevA binA pratiphala kI AkAMkSA ke kI jAtI hai to sahI sAdhanA bana jAtI hai| isa prakAra sevA aura sAdhanA alaga-alaga tathya nahIM raha jaate| sevA sAdhanA hai aura sAdhanA dharma hai| ataH sevA, sAdhanA, aura dharma eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiN| sAmAnyatayA sAdhanA kA lakSya mukti mAnA jAtA hai aura mukti vaiyaktika hotI hai| ataH kucha vicAraka sevA aura sAdhanA meM kisI prakAra ke saha-saMbaMdha ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, unake anusAra vaiyaktika mukti ke lie kiyA gayA prayatna hI sAdhanA hai aura aisI sAdhanA kA sevA se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, kiMtu bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne isa prakAra kI vaiyaktika mukti ko ucita nahIM mAnA hai| jaba taka vaiyaktikatA yA 'maiM' hai, ahaMkAra hai aura jaba taka aMhakAra hai, mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| jaba taka 'maiM' yA merA' hai, rAga hai aura rAga mukti kA bAdhaka hai| vastutaH bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAdhanA kA paripAka sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi ke vikAsa meM mAnA gayA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sabhI prANiyoM ko AtmA ke rUpa meM (85)

Page #90
dekhatA hai vahIM sacce artha meM draSTA hai aura vahI sAdhaka hai| jaba vyakti ke jIvana meM isa Atmavat dRSTi kA vikAsa hotA hai to dUsaroM kI pIr3A bhI use apanI pIr3A lagane lagatI hai| isa prakAra duHkha kAtaratA ko sAdhanA kI uccatama sthiti mAnA gayA hai| rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa jaise uccakoTi ke sAdhakoM ke lie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki unheM dUsare kI pIr3A apanI pIr3A lagatI thii| jo sAdhaka sAdhanA kI isa uccatama sthiti meM pahuMca jAtA hai aura dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko bhI apanI pIr3A samajhane lagatA hai, usake lie vaiyaktika mukti kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA haiM zrImadbhAgavat ke saptama skandha meM prahalAda ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki prAyeNa devamunayaH svvimuktikaamaaH| . mauna caraniMtavijane na tu parArtha nisstthaaH| netAn vihAya kRpaNAM vimumukssurekH|| 'prAyaH kucha munigaNa apanI mukti ke lie vana meM apanI caryA karate haiM aura mauna dhAraNa karate haiM, lekina unameM parArthaniSThA nahIM hai| maiM to duHkhIjanoM ko chor3akara akelA mukta honA bhI nahIM cAhatA huuN| * jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ko pIr3A se karAhatA dekhakara kevala apanI mukti kI kAmanA karatA hai vaha nikRSTa koTi kA hai| are! aura to kyA svayaM paramAtmA bhI dUsaroM kI pIr3AoM ko dUra karane ke lie hI saMsAra meM janma dhAraNa karate haiN| hindU paramparA meM jo avatAra kI avadhAraNA hai, usameM avatAra kA uddezya yahI mAnA gayA hai ki ve satparuSoM ke paritrANa ke lie janma dhAraNa karate haiN| jaba paramAtma bhI dUsaroM ko duHkha aura pIr3AoM meM tar3apatA dekhakara usakI pIr3A ko dUra karane ke lie avatarita hote haiM, to phira kevala apanI mukti kI kAmanA karane vAlA sAdhaka uccakoTi kA sAdhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ?bauddha paramparA meM AcArya zAMtirakSita ne bodhicaryAvatAra meM kahA hai ki dUsaroM ko duHkha aura pIr3AoM meM tar3apate dekhakara kevala apane nivArha kI kAmanA karanA kahAM taka ucita hai| are! dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane meM jo sukha milatA hai vaha kyA kama hai jo kevala svayaM kI vimukti kI kAmanA kI jaae| __ bauddha paramparA ke mahAyAn sampradAya meM bodhisatva kA Adarza sabhI ke duHkhoM kI vimukti hotA hai| vaha apane vaiyaktika nirvANa ko bhI asvIkAra kara detA hai, jaba taka saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkha samApta hokara unheM nirvANa kI prApti na ho| jaina paramparA meM bhI tIrthaMkara ko lokakalyANa kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai (86)

Page #91
ki samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara tIrthaMkara dharmacakra kA pravartana karate hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki kaivalya kI prApti ke pazcAt tIrthaMkara ke lie kucha bhI karanA zeSa nahIM rahatA hai, ve kRta-kalpa hote haiM phira bhI lokamaMgala ke lie hI ve dharmacakra kA pravartana kara apanA zeSa jIvana lokahita meM samarpita kara dete haiN| yaha bhAratIya darzana aura sAhitya kA sarvazreSTha udgAra hai| isI prakAra bodhisatva bhI sadaiva hI dIna aura duHkhIjanoM ko duHkha se mukta karAne ke lie prayatnazIla bane rahane kI abhilASA karatA hai aura sabako mukta karAne ke pazcAt hI mukta honA cAhatA hai| bhaveyamupajIvyo'haM, yAvatasarve na nirvRtaa|' vastutaH, bhAratIya sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA lakSya mokSa hai, kiMtu mokSa akelA pAne kI vastu hI nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vinobA bhAve ke udagAra vicAraNIya haiM jo samajhatA hai ki mokSa akelA hathiyAne vastu hai, vaha usake hAtha se nikala AtA hai 'maiM' ke Ate, hI mokSa bhAga jAtA hai, merA mokSa yaha vAkya, hI galata hai| 'merA' miTane para hI mokSa milatA hai, ___ -adhyAtma aura vijJAna,pR.71 isI prakAra vAstavika mukti ahaMkAra se mukti hai| 'maiM' athavA ahaM bhAva se mukta hone ke lie hameM apane Apako samaSTi meM, samAja meM lIna kara denA hotA hai| AcArya zAMtideva likhate haiM sarvatyAgazca nirvANa nirvANArtha ca meM mnH| tyaktavayaM cenmayA sarva vara satveSu diistaaN||' isa prakAra yaha dhAraNA ki mokSa kA pratyaya sAmAjikatA kA virodhI hai, galata hai| mokSa vastutaH duHkhoM se mukti hai aura manuSya jIvana ke adhikAMza duHkha mAnavIya saMvegoM ke kAraNa hI hai| ataH mukti, IrSyA, dveSa,krodha, ghRNA Adi ke saMvegoM se mukti pAne meM hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI dRSTi se upAdeya bhI hai| duHkha,ahaMkAra evaM mAnasika klezoM se mukti rUpa meM mokSa kI upAdeyatA aura sArthatA ko asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| . kucha loga ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake bhI usakI mAtra nakArAtmaka avadhAraNA prastuta karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki ahiMsA kA artha dUsaroM ko pIr3A nahIM dene taka hI sImita hai, jo dUsaroM ke duHkha aura pIr3AoM ko dUra karane kA dAyitva (87)

Page #92
bodha karAne kA bhAva kartavya kA bhAna karAtA hai| vastutaH vyakti meM jaba taka dUsaroM ke duHkha aura pIr3A ko apane duHkha aura pIr3A mAnakara usake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna nahIM hotA hai taba taka karuNA kA parama vikAsa saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi vyakti dUsare ko duHkha aura pIr3A meM tar3apatA dekhakara usake nirAkaraNa kA koI prayatna nahIM karatA hai to yaha kahanA kaThina hogA ki usake hRdaya meM karuNA kA vikAsa huA hai aura jaba taka karuNA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka ahiMsA kA paripAlana saMbhava nahIM hai| parama kAruNika vyakti hI ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai| jinakA hRdaya dUsaroM ko duHkha aura pIr3A meM tar3apatA dekhakara bhI niSkriya banA rahe use hama kisa artha meM ahiMsaka kheNge| samAja ko eka AMgika saMracanA mAnA gayA hai| zarIra meM hama svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prakriyA dekhate haiM ki kisI aMga kI pIr3A ko dekhakara dUsarA aMga usakI sahAyatA ke lie tatkAla Age AtA hai| jaba zarIra kA koI bhI aMga dUsare aMga kI pIr3A meM niSkriya nahI rahatA to phira hama yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ki samAja rUpI zarIra meM vyakti rUpI aMga dUsare aMga kI pIr3A meM niSkriya banA rhe| ataH hameM yaha mAnakara calanA hogA ki ahiMsA mAtra nakArAtmaka nahIM hai, usameM karuNA aura sevA kA sakArAtmaka pahalU bhI hai| yadi hama ahiMsA ko sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnate haiM to hameM sevA ko bhI sAdhanA ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA par3egA aura isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki sevA aura sAdhanA meM eka saMbaMdha hai| sevA ke abhAva meM sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| punaH jahAM sevA hai vahAM sAdhanA hai vastutaH ve vyakti hI mahAna sAdhaka haiM jo lokamaMgala ke lie apane ko samarpita kara dete haiN| unakA niSkAma samarpaNa-bhAva sAdhanA kA sarvokRSTa rUpa hai| aMta meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhAratIya jIvana darzana kI dRSTi pUrNatayA lokamaMgala ke lie prayatnazIla bane rahane kI hai| usakI ekamAtra maMgala kAmanA hai sarve'tra sukhinaH sntu| sarve santu niraamyaaH| . sarve bhadrANi pshcNtu| mA kazcid duH khmaapnuyaat|| lokamaMgala kI usakI sarvocca bhAvanA kA pratibimba hameM AcArya zAMtideva ke zikSA samuccaya nAmaka grantha meM milatA hai| ataH maiM usakI hindI meM anudita nimna paMktiyoM se apane isa lekha kA samApana karanA caahuuNgaa| isa duHkhamaya naraloka meM, jitane dalita, bandhagrasita pIr3ita, vipatti vilIna haiM, . (88)

Page #93
jitane bahudhandhI viveka vihIna haiN| jo kaThina bhaya se aura dAruNa zoka se atidIna haiM, ve mukta ho nijabaMdha se, svacchanda ho saba dvandva se, chUTe dalana ke phanada se, ho aisA jaga meM, duHkha se vicale na koI, vadananAtha hile na kAI, pApa kama kara na kAI, asanmArga dhare na koI, ho sabhI sukhazIla, puNyAcAra dharmavratI, sabakA hI parama klyaann| saMdarbhaH 1. bodhicaryAvatAra, saMpA.-zrI parazurAma zarmA, prakA.mithilA vidyApITha darabhaMgA, 1960, 3/21 adhyAtma aura vijJAna, vinobA bhAve, pR. 71 bodhicAryAvatAra, saMpA:- zrI parazurAma zarmA, prakA.-mithilA vidyA-pITha, darabhaMgA, 1960, 3/11 (89)

Page #94
bhAratIya saMskRti meM svahita aura lokahita kA prazna svArtha aura parArtha kI samasyA bahuta purAnI hai| naitika ciMtana ke prArambha se hI svahita aura lokahita kA prazna mahattvapUrNa rahA hai| eka ora cANakya kahate haiM - 'strI, dhana Adi se bar3hakara apanI rakSA kA prayatna karanA caahie| vidura ne bhI kahA hai - 'jo svArtha ko chor3akara parArtha karatA hai, jo mitroM arthAt dUsare logoM ke lie vyartha hI zrama karatA hai, vaha mUrkha hI hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai, svahita ke lie to sabhI jIte haiM, jo lokahita ke lie, parArtha ke lie jItA hai, vastutaH usakA jIvana sapha la hai| jisa jIvana meM paropakAra vRtti nahIM ho, usase to maraNa hI acchA hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka harabarTa spensara ne to svArtha aura parArtha ke isa prazna ko naitikatA kI vAstavika samasyA kahA hai, yahAM taka ki pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya vicAraNA meM to svArtha kI samasyA ko lekara do dala bana ge| svArthavAdI vicAraka, jinameM hAbsa, nItze prabhRti pramukha haiM, yaha mAnate haiM ki manuSya prakRtyA kevala svArtha yA apane lAbha se prerita hokara kArya karatA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki naitikatA kA vahI siddhAMta samucita hai, jo mAnava prakRti kI isa dhAraNA ke anukUla ho| unakI dRSTi meM apane hita ke kArya karane meM hI manuSya kA zreya hai, dUsarI ora benthama, mila prabhRti vicAraka mAnava kI svasukhavAdI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko svIkAra karate hue bhI bauddhika AdhAra para yaha siddha karate haiM ki parahita kI bhAvanA hI naitika dRSTi se ucita hai| naitika jIvana kA sAdhya parArtha hai| pro. mila kevala parArtha ke bauddhika AdhAra para siddha kara hI saMtuSTa nahIM ho jAte, varan AMtarika aMkuza (Internal Sanition) ke dvArA use svAbhAvika bhI siddha karate haiN| unake anusAra, yaha AMtarika aMkuza sajAtIyatA kI bhAvanA hai, jo ki mAnava meM yadyapi janmajAta nahIM hai, phira bhI asvAbhAvika yA anaisargika bhI nahIM hai| dUsare anya vicAraka bhI, jinameM baTalara, koMta, zaoNpanahaoNvara evaM TAlasTAya Adi pramukha haiM, mAnava kI manovaijJAnika prakRti meM sahAnubhUti, prema Adi ke tattvoM kI upasthiti dikhAkara parArthavAdI yA lokamaMgalakArI AcAradarzana kA samarthana karate haiN| harabarTa spensara se lekara breDale, grIna, arabana Adi samakAlIna vicArakoM taka kI eka lambI paramparA ne mAnava jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM ko ubhArate hue svArthavAda aura parArthavAda meM sAmAnya-zubha (Com (90)

Page #95
mon Good) ke rUpa meM samanvaya sAdhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| mAnava prakRti meM vividhatAeM haiM, usameM svArtha aura parArtha ke tattva Avazyaka rUpa se upasthita haiN| AcAradarzana kA kArya yaha nahIM hai ki vaha svArthavAda yA parArthavAda meM se kisI eka siddhAMta kA samarthana yA virodha kare, usakA kArya to yaha hai ki 'sva' aura 'para' ke madhya saMgharSoM kI sambhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA ske| bhAratIya AcAradarzana kahAM taka aura kisa rUpa meM sva aura para ke madhya saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA ko samApta karate haiM, isa bAta kI vivecanA ke pUrva hameM svArthavAda aura parArthavAda ke artha para bhI vicAra kara lenA hogaa| svArthavAda AtmarakSaNa' hai aura parArthavAda AtmatyAga' hai| maikenjI likhate haiM - 'jaba hama kevala apane hI vyaktigata sAdhya kI siddhi cAhate haiM, taba ise svArthavAda kahA jAtA hai, parArthavAda hai- dUsare ke sAdhya kI siddhi kA prayAsa karanA / dUsare zabdoM meM, svArthavAda ko svahitavAdI dRSTikoNa aura parArthavAda ko lokahitavAdI dRSTikoNa bhI kaha sakate haiN| jaina darzana meM svArtha aura parArtha kI samasyA - yadi svArtha aura parArtha kI uparokta paribhASA svIkAra kI jAe, to jaina darzana ko na svArthavAdI kahA jA sakatA hai, na parArthavAdI hii| jaina darzana AtmA ke svaguNoM ke rakSaNa evaM svAdhyAya kI bAta kahatA hai, isa artha meM vaha svArthavAdI hai, lekina isake sAtha hI vaha kaSAyAtmA ke visarjana, vAsanAtmaka AtmA ke tyAga ko bhI Avazyaka mAnatA hai aura isa artha meM vaha parArthavAdI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama maikenjI kI paribhASA ko svIkAra kareM aura yaha mAne ki vyaktigata sAdhya kI siddhi svArthavAda aura dUsare ke sAdhya kI siddhi kA prayAsa parArthavAda hai, to bhI jaina darzana svArthavAdI aura parArthavAdI- donoM hI siddha hotA hai| vaha vyaktigata AtmA se mokSa yA siddhi kA samarthana karane ke kAraNa svArthavAdI to hogA hI, lekina dUsare kI mukti ke hetu prayAsazIla hone ke kAraNa parArthavAdI bhI kahA jA skegaa| yadyapi AtmakalyANa, vaiyaktika baMdhana evaM duHkha se nivRtti ke dRSTikoNa se to jaina sAdhanA kA prANa Atmahita hI hai, tathApi jisa loka karuNA evaM lokahita kI anupama bhAvanA se arhat pravacana kA prasphuTana hotA hai, use bhI nahIM jhuThalAyA jA sktaa| jaina sAdhanA meM lokahita AcArya samaMtabhadra jinastuti karate hue kahate haiM - he bhagavAn ! ApakI yaha saMgha (samAja) vyavasthA sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kA aMta karane vAlI aura sabakA (91)

Page #96
kalyANa (sarvodaya) karane vAlI hai| isase bar3hakara loka Adarza aura loka maMgala kI kAmanA kyA ho sakatI hai? praznavyAkaraNasUtra nAmaka Agama graMtha meM kahA gayA hai- .. bhagavAn kA yaha sukathita pravacana saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai| jaina sAdhanA loka maMgala kI dhAraNA ko lekara hI Age bar3hatI hai| Age usI sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaina sAdhanA ke pAMcoM mahAvrata saba prakAra se lokahita ke lie hI haiM? / ahiMsA kI vivecanA karate hue praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanA ke prathama sthAna para sthita yaha ahiMsA sabhI prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| yaha bhagavatI ahiMsA prANiyoM meM bhayabhItoM ke lie zaraNa ke samAna hai, pakSiyoM ke lie AkAzagamana ke samAna nirbAdha rUpa se hitakAriNI hai, pyAsoM ko pAnI ke samAna, bhUkhoM ko bhojana ke samAna, samudra meM jahAja ke samAna, rogiyoM ke lie auSadhi ke samAna aura aTavI meM sahAyaka ke samAna hai| tIrthaMkara namaskAra-sUtra (namotthuNaM) meM tIrthaMkara ke lie lokanAtha, lokahitakara, lokapradIpa, abhaya ke dAtA Adi jina vizeSaNoM kA upayoga huA hai, ve bhI jaina dRSTi kI loka maMgalakArI bhAvanA ko spaSTa karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA pravacana evaM dharma pravartana prANiyoM ke anugraha ke lie hotA hai, na ki pUjA yA satkAra ke lie| yadi aisA mAnA jAe ki jaina sAdhanA kevala Atmahita, AtmakalyANa kI bAta kahatI hai, to phira tIrthaMkara ke dvArA tIrthapravartana yA saMgha saMcAlana kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA, kyoMki kaivalya kI upalabdhi ke bAda unheM apane kalyANa ke lie kucha karanA zeSa hI nahIM rhtaa| ataH, mAnanA par3egA ki jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza mAtra AtmakalyANa hI nahIM, varan loka-kalyANa bhI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne Atmahita kI apekSA lokahita ko sadaiva hI mahattva diyA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra, sAdhanA kI sarvocca UMcAI para sthita sabhI jIvanmukta AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dRSTi se yadyapi samAna hI hote haiM, phira bhI jaina vicArakoM ne unakI AtmahitakAriNI aura lokahitakAriNI dRSTi ke tAratamya ko lakSya meM rakhakara unameM uccAvacca krama ko svIkAra kiyA hai| eka sAmAnya kevalI (jIvanmukta) aura tIrthaMkara meM AdhyAtmika pUrNatAeM samAna hI hotI haiM, phira bhI tIrthaMkara kI lokahita kI dRSTi ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara ko sAmAnya kevalI kI apekSA ucca sthAna diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra, jIvanmukta avasthA ko prApta kara lene vAle vyaktiyoM ke bhI lokahita ke AdhAra para tIna varga hote haiM -1. tIrthaMkara, 2. gaNadhara, 3. muNDakevalI 1. tIrthaMkara - tIrthaMkara vaha hai, jo sarvahita ke saMkalpa ko lekara sAdhanA mArga meM AtA (92)

Page #97
hai aura apanI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta kara lene ke pazcAt bhI lokahita meM lagA rahatA hai| sarvahita, sarvodaya aura loka-kalyANa hI usake jIvana kA dhyeya hotA hai / 2. gaNadhara - sahavargIya hita ke saMkalpa ko lekara sAdhanA kSetra meM praviSTa hone vAlA aura apanI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta kara lene para bhI sahavargiyoM ke hita evaM kalyANa ke lie prayatnazIla rahane vAlA sAdhaka gaNadhara kahalAtA hai| vargahita yA gaNa kalyANa gaNadhara ke jIvana kA dhyeya hotA hai| 3. sAmAnya kevalI yA muNDakevalI - Atma kalyANa ko hI jisane apanI sAdhanA kA dhyeya banAyA hotA hai aura jo isI AdhAra para sAdhanA mArga meM pravRtta hotA huA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI upalabdhi karatA hai, vaha muNDakevalI kahalAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA, vizva-kalyANa aura vaiyaktika kalyANa kI bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para sAdhakoM kI ye vibhinna kakSAeM nirdhArita kI gaI haiN| isameM tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna isalie diyA jAtA hai ki vaha loka-kalyANa ke Adarza ko apanAtA hai| jisa prakAra bauddha dharma meM bodhisatva aura arhat ke AdarzoM se bhinnatA hai, usI prakAra jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnya keMvalI ke AdarzoM meM tAratamyAtmaka bhinnatA hai| . ina sabake atirikta, jaina dharma meM saMgha (samAja) ko sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| saMghahita samasta vaiyaktika sAdhanAoM se bhI Upara hai, paristhiti vizeSa meM saMgha ke kalyANa ke lie vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA parityAga bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM AcArya kAlaka kI kathA isakA sabala udAharaNa hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jina dasa dharmoM (kartavyoM)17 kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, usameM saMghadharma, gaNadharma, rASTradharma, nagaradharma, grAmadharma aura kuladharma kI upasthiti isa bAta kA sabala pramANa hai ki jaina dRSTi na kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka sImita hai, varan usameM lokahita yA loka-kalyANa kA ajastra pravAha bhI pravAhita ho rahA hai| yadyapi jainadarzana lokahita, lokamaMgala kI bAta kahatA hai, lekina usakI . eka zarta hai, vaha yaha ki parArtha ke lie svArtha kA visarjana kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina AtmArtha kA nhiiN| usake anusAra, vaiyaktika bhautika upalabdhiyoM ko loka-kalyANa ke lie samarpita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kiyA bhI jAnA cAhie, kyoMki ve hameM jagat se hI milI haiM, ve vastutaH saMsAra kI haiM, hamArI nhiiN| sAMsArika upalabdhiyAM saMsAra ke lie haiM, ataH unakA lokahita ke lie visarjana kiyA jAnA cAhie, lekina AdhyAtmika vikAsa yA vaiyaktika naitikatA ko lokahita ke nAma para kuNThita kiyA (93)

Page #98
jAnA use svIkAra nahIM hai| aisA lokahita, jo vyakti ke caritra ke patana athavA AdhyAtmika kuNThana se phalita hotA ho, use svIkAra nahIM hai| lokahita aura Atmahita ke saMdarbha meM usakA svarNasUtra hai- Atmahita karo aura yathAzakya lokahita bhI karo, lekina jahAM Atmahita aura lokahita meM dvandva ho aura Atmahita ke kuNThana para hI lokahita phalita hotA ho, to vahAM Atma-kalyANa hI zreSTha hai / Atmahita svArtha nahIM hai - Atmahita svArthavAda nahIM hai| AtmakAma vastutaH niSkAma hotA hai, kyoMki usakI koI kAmanA nahIM hotI hai, usakA koI svArtha nahIM hotaa| svArthI to vaha hai, jo yaha cAhatA hai ki sabhI loga usake hita ke lie kArya kreN| AtmArthI svArthI nahIM hai, usakI dRSTi to yaha hotI hai ki sabhI apane hita ke lie kArya kreN| svArtha aura AtmakalyANa meM maulika aMtara yaha hai ki svArtha kI sAdhanA meM rAgadveSa kI vRttiyAM kAma karatI haiM, jabaki Atmahita yA Atma-kalyANa ke lie rAga-dveSa se yukta hokara AtmakalyANa kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rhtii| yathArtha Atmahita meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hotA hai| svArtha aura parArtha meM saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA bhI tabhI taka hai, jabaki unameM kahIM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti nihita ho| rAgAdi bhAva yA svahita kI vRtti se kiyA jAne vAlA bhI saccA lokahita nahIM hai, vaha to svArtha hI hai| jisa prakAra zAsana ke dvArA niyukta evaM prerita samAjakalyANa adhikArI vastutaH lokahita kA kartA nahIM hai, vaha to vetana ke lie lokahita karatA hai, usI prakAra rAga se prerita hokara lokahita ke prayatna rAga kI abhivyakti, pratiSThA kI rakSA, yaza arjana kI bhAvanA yA bhAvI lAbha kI prApti hetu hI hote haiN| aisA parArtha vastutaH svArtha hI hai| saccA Atmahita aura saccA lokahita, rAga-dveSa se zUnya anAsakti kI bhUmi para prasphuTita hotA hai, lekina usa avasthA meM Akara na to 'sva' rahatA hai na para', kyoMki jahAM rAga hai, vahIM 'sva' hai aura jahAM 'sva' hai, vahIM para' hai| rAga kI zUnyatA hone para sva aura para kA vibheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai| aisI rAgazUnyatA kI bhUmi para sthita hokara kiyA jAne vAlA Atmahita bhI lokahita hotA hai aura lokahita Atmahita hotA hai, donoM meM koI saMgharSa nahIM, koI dvaita nahIM hai| usa dazA meM na to koI apanA hai, na koI praayaa| svArtha aura parArtha jaisI samasyA yahAM rahatI hI nhiiN| jaina dharma ke anusAra, svArtha aura parArtha ke madhya sabhI avasthAoM meM saMgharSa rahe, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| vyakti jaise-jaise bhautika jIvana se AdhyAtmika jIvana kI ora Upara uThatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise svArtha-parArtha kA saMgharSa bhI samApta hotA jAtA hai| (94)

Page #99
jaina vicArakoM ne parArtha yA lokahita ke tIna stara mAne haiM- 1.dravya lokahita, 2. bhAva lokahita aura 3. pAramArthika lokhit| 1. dravya lokahita - yaha lokahita kA bhautika stara hai| bhautika upAdAnoM, jaisebhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi tathA zArIrika sevA ke dvArA lokahita karanA lokahita kA bhautika stara hai, yahAM para sAdhana bhautika hote haiN| dravya lokahita ekAMta rUpa meM AcaraNIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha apavAdAtmaka evaM sApekSa naitikatA kA kSetra hai| bhautika stara para svahita kI pUrNatayA upekSA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yahAM to svahita aura parahita meM ucita samanvaya banAnA hI apekSita hai| pAzcAtya naitika vicAraNA ke pariSkArita svArthavAda, bauddhika parArthavAda aura sAmAnya zubha ke siddhAMtoM kA vicAra kSetra lokahita kA yaha bhautika svarUpa hI hai| 2. bhAva lokahita - lokahita kA yaha stara bhautika stara se Upara sthita hai| yahAM para lokahita ke sAdhana jJAnAtmaka yA caittasika hote haiN| isa stara para parArtha meM saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA alpatama hotI hai| 3. pAramArthika lokhit| - yaha lokahita kA sarvocca stara hai, yahAM Atmahita aura parahita meM koI saMgharSa nahIM rahatA, koI dvaita nahIM rhtaa| yahAM para lokahita kA rUpa hotA hai- yathArtha jIvanadRSTi ke sambaMdha meM mArgadarzana krnaa| . lokahita aura Atmahita meM virodha aura saMgharSa to taba hotA hai, jaba unameM se koI bhI naitikatA kA atikramaNa karatA hai| bhagavAn buddha kA kahanA yahI thA ki yadi Atmahita karanA hai, to naitikatA kI sImA meM karo aura yadi parahita karanA hai, to vaha bhI naitikatA kI sImA meM, dharma kI maryAdA meM rahakara hI kro| naitikatA aura dharma se dUra hokara kiyA jAne vAlA Atmahita svArtha sAdhana' hai aura lokahita sevA kA nirA DhoMga hai| bauddhadharma meM lokahita- buddha ne Atmahita aura lokahita-donoM ko hI naitikatA ke kSetra meM lAkara parakhA aura unameM avirodha paayaa| zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke zabdoM meM, 'buddha ke maulika upadezoM meM AtmakalyANa aura parakalyANa, AtmArtha aura parArtha, sAdhanA aura sevA-donoM kA ucita saMyoga hai| AtmakalyANa aura parakalyANa meM vahAM koI vibhAjaka-rekhA nahIM thii|43 buddha AtmArtha aura parArtha ke samyak rUpa ko jAnane para bala dete haiN| unake anusAra, yathArtha dRSTi se AtmArtha aura parArtha meM avirodha hai| AtmArtha aura parArtha meM virodha to usI sthiti meM dikhAI detA hai, jaba hamArI dRSTi rAga, dveSa tathA moha se yukta hotI hai| rAga, dveSa aura moha kA prahANa hone para unase koI virodha dikhAI hI (95)

Page #100
nahIM detA, sva aura para kA virodha to rAga aura dveSa meM hI hai| jahAM rAga-dveSa nahIM hai, vahAM kauna apanA aura kauna parAyA? jaba manuSya rAga-dveSa se Upara uTha jAtA hai, taba vahAM na AtmArtha rahatA hai, na parArtha, vahAM to kevala paramArtha rahatA hai| isameM yathArtha AtmArtha aura yathArtha parArtha-donoM hI ekarUpa haiN| tathAgata ke antevAsI ziSya Ananda kahate haiM, 'AyuSmAn! jo rAga se anurakta hai, jo rAga ke vazIbhUta hai, jo dveSa se duSTa hai, dveSa ke vazIbhUta hai, jo moha se mUr3ha hai, moha ke vazIbhUta hai, vaha yathArtha AtmArtha ko bhI nahIM pahacAnatA hai, yathArtha parArtha ko bhI nahIM pahacAnatA hai, yathArtha ubhayArtha ko bhI nahIM pahacAnatA hai| rAga kA nAza hone para, dveSa kA nAza hone para ....moha kA nAza hone para- vaha yathArtha AtmArtha bhI pahacAnatA hai, yathArtha parArtha bhI pahacAnatA hai, yathArtha ubhayArtha bhI . pahacAnatA hai| rAga, dveSa aura mohaM kA prahANa hone para hI manuSya apane vAstavika hita ko, dUsaroM ke vAstavika hita ko tathA apane aura dUsaroM ke vAstavika sAmUhika yA sAmAjika-hita ko jAna sakatA hai| buddha ke anusAra, pahale yaha jAno ki apanA aura dUsaroM kA athavA samAja kA vAstavika kalyANa kisameM hai| jo vyakti apane, dUsaroM ke aura samAja ke vAstavika hita ko samajhe binA hI lokahita, parahita evaM Atmahita kA prayAsa karatA hai, vaha vastutaH kisI kA bhI hita nahIM karatA hai| .. lekina rAga, dveSa aura moha ke prahANa ke binA apanA aura dUsaroM kA vAstavika hita kisameM hai, yaha nahIM jAnA jA sakatA? sambhavataH, socA yaha gayA ki citta ke rAgAdi se yukta hone para bhI buddhi ke dvArA Atmahita yA parahita kisameM hai, ise jAnA jA sakatA hai, lekina buddha ko yaha svIkAra nahIM thaa| buddha kI dRSTi meM to rAga-dveSa, mohAdi citta ke mala haiM aura ina maloM ke hote hue kabhI bhI yathArtha Atmahita aura parahita ko jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| buddhi to jala ke samAna hai, yadi jala meM gaMdagI hai, vikAra hai, caMcalatA hai, to vaha yathArtha pratibimba dene meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hotA, ThIka isI prakAra, rAga-dveSa se yukta buddha bhI yathArtha svahita aura lokahita ko batAne meM samartha nahIM hotI hai| buddha eka suMdara rUpaka dvArA yahI bAta kahate haiM, bhikSuoM! jaise pAnI kA tAlAba gaMdalA ho, caMcala ho aura kIcar3a-yukta ho, vahAM kinAre para khar3e AMkhavAle AdamI ko na sIpI dikhAI de, na zaMkha, na kaMkara, na patthara, na calatI huI yA sthita machaliyAM dikhAI de, yaha aisA kyoM? bhikSuoM! pAnI ke gaMdalA hone ke kaarnn| isI prakAra, bhikSuoM! isakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki vaha bhikSu maila (rAga-dveSAdi se yukta) citta se Atmahita (96)

Page #101
jAna sakegA, parahita jAna sakegA, ubhayahita jAna sakegA aura sAmAnya manuSya-dharma se bar3hakara viziSTa Arya-jJAna-darzana ko jAna skegaa| isakI sambhAvanA hai ki bhikSu nirmala citta se Atmahita ko jAna sakegA, parahita ko jAna sakegA, ubhayahita ko jAna sakegA, sAmAnya manuSya-dharma se bar3hakara viziSTa Arya-darzana ko jAna skegaa| buddha ke isa kathana kA sAra yahI hai ki jIvana meM jaba taka rAga-dveSa aura moha kI vattiyAM sakriya haiM, taba taka Atmahita aura lokahita kI yathArthadRSTi utpanna nahIM hotI hai| rAga aura dveSa kA prahANa hone para hI saccI dRSTi kA udaya hotA hai aura jaba yaha yathArthadRSTi utpanna ho jAtI hai taba svArtha (Egoism), parArtha (Altruis) aura ubhyArtha (Common good) meM koI virodhahI nahIM rhtaa| hInayAna yAsthaviravAda meM jo svahitavAda arthAt AtmakalyANa ke dRSTikoNa kA prAdhAnya hai, usakA mUla kAraNa tatkAlIna paristhitiyAM mAnI jA sakatI haiM, phira bhI hInayAna kA usa lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA se mUlataH koI virodha nahIM hai, jo vaiyaktika naitika-vikAsa meM bAdhaka na ho| jisa avasthA taka vaiyaktika naitika-vikAsa aura lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA meM avirodha hai, usa avasthA taka lokamaMgala use bhI svIkAra hai| mAtra vaha lokamaMgala ke lie AMtarika aura naitikavizuddhi ko adhika mahattva detA hai| AMtarika-pavitratA evaM naitika-vizuddhi se zUnya hokara phalAkAMkSA se yukta lokasevA ke Adarza ko vaha svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usakI samagra AlocanAeM aise hI lokahita ke prati hai| bhikSupArApariyane, buddha ke paravartI bhikSuoM meM lokasevA kA jo thothA Adarza jora pakar3a gayA thA, usakI samAlocanA meM nimna vicAra prastuta kie haiM logoM kI sevA kAya se karate haiM, dharma se nhiiN| dUsaroM ko dharma kA upadeza dete haiM. (apane) lAbha ke lie, na ki (unake) artha ke lie| sthaviravAdI bhikSuoM kA virodha lokasevA ke usa rUpa se hai, jisakA sevArUpI zarIra to hai, lekina jisakI naitika-cetanArUpI AtmA mara cukI hai| vaha lokasevA nahIM, sevA kA pradarzana hai, dikhAvA hai, DhoMga hai, chalanA hai, AtmapravaMcanA hai| DaoN. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra, ekAMtatA kI sAdhanA kI prArambhika bauddha-dharma meM pramukhatA avazya thI, paraMtu sArthaka tathya yaha hai ki use lokasevA ke yA janakalyANa ke viparIta vahAM kabhI nahIM mAnA gayA, balki yaha to usake lie eka taiyArI thii| dUsarI ora hama mahAyAnI-sAhitya kA gaharAI se adhyayana kareM, to hameM bodhicaryAvatAra, zikSAsamuccaya, (97)

Page #102
laMkAvatArasUtra jaise graMthoM meM bhI kabhI aisI sevAbhAvanA kA samarthana nahIM milatA, jo naitika-jIvana ke vyaktigata mUlyoM ke virodha meM khar3I ho| loka-maMgala kA jo Adarza mahAyAna-paramparA ne prastuta kiyA hai, vaha bhI aise kisI lokahita kA samarthana nahIM karatA, jisake lie vaiyaktika-naitikatA ko samApta kara diyA jaae| isa prakAra, saiddhAMtika-dRSTi se lokahita aura Atmahita kI avadhAraNA meM hInayAna aura mahAyAna meM koI maulika virodha nahIM raha jaataa| yadyapi vyAvahArika rUpa meM yaha tathya sahI hai ki jahAM eka ora hInayAna ne ekAMgI sAdhanA aura vyaktiniSTha AcAra-paramparA kA vikAsa kiyA aura sAdhanA ko adhikAMza rUpeNa AMtarika evaM vaiyaktika banA diyA, vahAM dUsarI ora mahAyAna ne usI kI pratikriyA meM sAdhanA ke vaiyaktika-pakSa kI upekSA kara use sAmAjika aura bahirmukhI banA diyaa| isa taraha, loka-sevA aura lokAnukampA ko adhika mahattva diyaa| yahAM hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki hInayAna aura mahAyAna ne jisa sImA taka apane meM isa ekAntika ko prazraya diyA hai, ve usI sImA taka buddha kI dhyama-mArgIya dezanA se pIche bhI haTe haiN| svahita aura lokahita ke sambaMdha meM gItA kA mantavya- gItA meM sadaiva hI svahita ke U para lokahita kI pratiSThA huI hai| gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM, jo apane lie hI pakAtA hai aura khAtA hai, vaha pApa hI khAtA hai|48 svahita ke lie jIne vAlA vyakti gItA kI dRSTi meM adhArmika aura nIca hai| gItAkAra ke anusAra, jo vyakti prApta bhogoM ko dene vAle devoM ko die binA, unakA RNa cukAe binA khAtA hai, vaha cora hai| sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha na karanA gItA kI dRSTi meM bhArI aparAdha hai| , gItA ke anusAra, lokahita karanA manuSya kA kartavya hai| sarva prANiyoM ke hitasampAdana meM lagA huA puruSa hI paramAtmA ko prApta karatA hai| vaha brahma-nirvANa kA adhikArI hotA hai| jise karma karane se koI prayojana nahIM raha gayA hai, arthAt jo jIvanmukta ho gayA hai, jise saMsAra ke prANiyoM se koI matalaba nahIM, use bhI lokahitArtha karma karate rahanA caahie| 1 zrIkRSNa arjuna se yahI kahate haiM ki lokasaMgraha (lokahita) ke lie tujhe karttavya karanA ucita hai| gItA meM bhagavAn ke avatAra dhAraNa karane kA uddezya sAdhujanoM kI rakSA, duSToM kA nAza aura dharma kI saMsthApanA hai| isa prakAra, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ina tInoM paramparAoM meM tIrthaMkara, buddha aura Izvara kA kArya lokahita yA lokamaMgala hI mAnA gayA hai, yadyapi jaina va bauddhavicAraNAoM meM tIrthaMkara evaM buddha kA kArya mAtra dharma-saMsthApanA aura loka-kalyANa (98)

Page #103
hai| ve gItA ke kRSNa ke samAna dharma-saMsthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha na to sAdhujanoM kI rakSA kA dAvA karate haiM aura na duSToM ke prahANa kI bAta kahate haiN| duSToM ke prahANa kI bAta unakI vizuddha ahiMsaka vANI se mela nahIM khAtI hai| yadyapi aMguttaranikAya meM buddha ne zikSApadoM kI prajJapti ke jo kAraNa die haiM, ve gItA ke samAna hI haiM,54 tathApi loka-maMgala ke Adarza ko lekara tInoM vicAraNAoM meM mahattvapUrNa sAmya hai| ina AcAra-darzanoM kA keMdrIya yA pradhAna tattva paropakAra hI hai, yadyapi use adhyAtma yA paramArtha kA virodhI nahIM honA caahie| gItA meM bhI jina-jina sthAnoM para lokahita kA nirdeza hai, vahAM niSkAmatA kI zarta hai hii| niSkAma aura AdhyAtmika yA naitika-tattvoM ke avirodha meM rahA huA parArtha hI gatA ko mAnya hai| gItA meM bhI svArtha aura parArtha kI samasyA kA saccA hala Atmavat sarvabhUteSu kI bhAvanA meM khojA gayA hai| jaba sabhI meM AtmadRSTi utpanna ho jAtI hai, to na svArtha rahatA hai, na parArtha, kyoMki jahAM sva' ho, vahAM svArtha rahatA hai, jahAM para ho, vahAM parArtha rahatA hai, lekina sarvAtmabhAva meM 'sva' aura 'para' nahIM hote haiM, ataH usa dazA meM svArtha aura parArtha bhI nahIM hotA hai| vahAM hotA hai kevala, paramArthA bhautika-svArthoM se Upara parArtha kA sthAna sabhI ko mAnya hai| svArtha aura parArtha ke sambaMdha meM bhAratIya AcAra-darzanoM ke dRSTikoNa ko bhatRhari ke isa kathana se bhalIbhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai- prathama, jo svArtha kA parityAga kara parArtha ke lie kArya karate haiM, ve mahAn haiM, dUsare, jo svAtha ke avirodha meM parArtha karate haiM, arthAt apane hitoM kA hanana nahIM karate hue lokahita karate haiM, ve sAmAnya jana haiM; tIsare, jo svahita ke lie parahita kA hanana karate haiM, ve adhama (rAkSasa) kahe jAte haiM, lekina cauthe, jo nirarthaka parahita kA hanana karate haiM, unheM kyA kahA jAe, ve to adhamAdhama haiN|55 saMdarbha1. AtmAnaM satataM rakSet dArairapi dhanairapi - cANakya nIti 2. svamartha yaH parityajya parArthamanutiSThati / mithyA carita mitrArtheyazca mUr3ha sa ucyate / / - viduranIti 3. AtmArthe jIvaloke'smin ko na jIvati maanvH|| paraM paropakArArtha yo jIvati sa jIvati // - subhASita bhANDAgAram jIvitAnmaraNaM zreSThaM paropakRtivarjitAt / nIti pravezikA, maikenjI, hindI anuvAda, pR. 234 (99)

Page #104
* so se 6. sammecca loe kheyannehi pavaie - AcArAMga sarvApadAntakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tvaiv| savva jagajIva rakkhaNa dayaTThAe pAvayaNaM bhagavaM sukahiyaM / - praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 21/22 mahavvayAIM lokahiya svvyaaii| - vahI, 1/1/21 tatthapaThaM ahiMsA, tasa thAvara svvbhuuykhemkrii| . __- vahI, 1/1/3 11. vahI, 1/2/22 12. prANinAmanugrahArtham, na pUjAsatkArArtham / - sUtrakRtAMga (TI), 1/6/4 13. mohandhakAra gahane saMsAra duHkhitA bt| * satvA paribhramantyuckai satyasmin dhrmtejsi|| ahyetAnataH kRcchAda yathAyoga kathaMcana / anenottArayAmIti varabodhi smnvitH|| karuNAdi guNopetaH parArtha vyasanI sdaa| , tathaiva ceSTate zrImAn vardhamAna mhodyH|| tatkalyANa yogene kurvansattvArtha mevsH| tIrthakRtvamavApnoti paraM savArtha sAdhanam // .. - yogabindu, 285-288 cintayatyevamevaitat svajanAgataM tu yH| tathAnuSThAnataH so'pi dhImAn gaNadharobhavet // - yogabindu, 289 . 15. saMvigno bhava nirvedAdAtmaniH saraNaM tu yH| AtmArtha sampravRtto sau sadA syAn munnddkevlii|| __- yogabindu, 290 16. nizIthacUrNi, gAthA 2860 17. sthAnAMga, 10/760 AdahidaM kAdavvaM jadi sakkaI parahidaM ca kAdavvaM / Adahida parahiyAdo AdahidaM suTTha kAdavvaM // (100) 14. 18.

Page #105
.. - uddhRta- AtmasAdhanA saMgraha, pR. 441 19.. bhojanazayanA'cchAdana pradAnA'dilakSaNaH / sacAlpatayA nAtyantikazcaihikArya syA'pi sAdhanenaikAntena saadhiiyaaniti| - abhidhAnarAjeMdra, khaNDa 5, pR. 697 20. bhAvopakArastvadhyApanazrAvaNAdisvarUpoM garIya nityAtyantika ubhayaloka sukhAvahazcetyato bhAvopakAra eva ytitvym| - abhidhAnarAjeMdra, khaNDa 5, pR.697 paramArthataH pAramezvara pravacanopadeza evaM tasyeva bhavazatopacita duHkhakSayakSamatvAt - Aha ca nopakAro jagatyasmistAghzo vidyate kvcit| yAghzI duHkhavicchedAd dehinAM dharmadezanA / .. - abhidhAnarAjeMdra, khaNDa 5, pR.697 - - - (101)

Page #106
bhAratIya saMskRti ke jIvana mUlya bhAratIya saMskRti meM jIvana ke cAra mUlya jisa prakAra pAzcAtya-AcAradarzana meM mUlyavAda kA siddhAMta lokamAnya hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya naitika-ciMtana meM puruSArtha-siddhAMta, jo ki jIvana-mUlyoM kA hI siddhAMta hai, paryApta lokapriya rahA hai| bhAratIya-vicArakoM ne jIvana ke cAra puruSArtha yA mUlya mAne haiM 1. artha (Arthika-mUlya)- jIvana-yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ataH daihika-AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane vAle ina sAdhanoM ko upalabdha karAnA hI arthapuruSArtha hai| ___ 2. kAma (manodaihika-mUlya)- jaivika-AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke sAdhana juTAnA arthapuruSArtha aura una sAdhanoM kA upabhoga karanA kAma-puruSArtha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vividha iMdriyoM ke viSayoM kA bhoga kAmapuruSArtha hai| 3. dharma (naitika-mUlya)- jina niyamoM ke dvArA sAmAjika-jIvana yA lokavyavahAra sucAru rUpa se cale, sva-para kalyANa ho aura jo vyakti ko AdhyAtmikapUrNatA kI dikSA meM le jAe, vaha dharmapuruSArtha hai| 4. mokSa (AdhyAtmika-mUlya)- AdhyAtmika-zaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTIkaraNa mokSa hai| jaina-dRSTi meM puruSArthacatuSTaya . sAmAnyatayA, yaha samajhA jAtA hai nivRttipradhAna jaina-darzana meM mokSa hI ekamAtra puruSArtha hai| dharma-puruSArtha kI svIkRti usake mokSAnukUla hone meM hI hai| artha aura kAmaina do puruSArthoM kA usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai| jainavicArakoM ke anusAra artha anartha kA mUla hai,110 sabhI kAma duHkha utpanna karane vAle haiM,111 lekina yaha vicAra ekAMgI hI mAnA jaaegaa| koI bhI jinavacana ekAnta yA nirapekSa nahIM hai| jaina-vicArakoM ne sadaiva hI vyakti ko svapuruSArtha se dhanopArjana kI preraNA dI hai| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki vyakti ko kevala apane puruSArtha se upArjita sampatti ke bhoga karane kA adhikAra hai| dUsaroM ke dvArA upArjita sampatti ke bhoga karane kA use koI adhikAra nahIM hai| gautamakulaka meM kahA gayA hai ki pitA ke dvArA upArjita lakSmI nizcaya hI putra ke lie bahana hotI hai aura (102)

Page #107
dUsaroM kI lakSmI parastrI ke samAna hotI hai, donoM kA hI bhoga varjita hai, ataH svayaM apane puruSArtha se dhana kA upArjana karake hI usakA bhoga karanA nyAyasaMgata hai|112 jainAcAryoM ne vibhinna varNa ke logoM ko kina-kina sAdhanoM se dhanArjana karanA cAhie, isakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| brAhmaNoM ko mukha (vidyA) se, kSatriyoM ko asi (rakSaNa) se, vaNikoM se aura karmazIla vyaktiyoM ko zilpAdita-karma se dhanArjana karanA cAhie, kyoMki inhIM kI sAdhanA meM unakI lakSmI kA nivAsa hai|113 yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki mokSa yA nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM jo artha aura kAma bAdhaka haiM, ve jainadRSTi ke anusAra anAcaraNIya evaM heya haiM, lekina jaina-darzana yaha kabhI nahIM kahatA ki artha aura kAma puruSArtha ekAnta rUpa se heya haiN| yadi ve ekAMta rUpa se heya hote, to AditIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva striyoM kI 64 aura puruSoM kI 72 kalAoM kA vidhAna kaise karate? kyoMki unameM adhikAMza kalAeM artha aura kAma-puruSArtha se sambaMdhita haiN||14 nyAyapUrvaka upArjita artha aura vaivAhika maryAdAnukUla kAma kA jaina-vicAraNA meM samucita sthAna hai| jaina vicArakoM ne jisake tyAga para bala diyA hai, vaha indriya-viSayoM kA bhoga nahIM, bhogoM ke prati Asakti, yA rAga-dveSa kI vRtti hai| jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra karma-vipAka se upalabdha bhogoM se bacA nahIM jA sktaa| indriyoM ke sammukha unake viSaya upasthita hone para unake AsvAda se bhI bacanA sambhava nahIM hai, jo sambhava hai, vaha yaha ki unameM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti na rakhI jaae| itanA hI nahIM, jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka evaM saundaryAtmaka-pakSa ko dharmonmukhI banAne tathA unake pArasparika-virodha ko samApta karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| unake anusAra, mokSAbhimukha paraspara avirodha meM rahe hue sabhI puruSArtha AcaraNIya haiN| AcArya hemacaMdra kahate haiM ki gRhastha-upAsakadharmapuruSArtha, arthapuruSArtha aura kAmapuruSArtha kA isa prakAra AcaraNa kare ki koI kisI kA bAdhaka na ho|115 - AcArya bhaMdrabAhu (8vIM zatI) ne to AcArya hemacaMdra (11vIM zatAbdI) ke pUrva hI isa bAta kI udghoSaNA kara dI thI ki jaina-paramparA meM to puruSArtha-catuSTaya * avirodha-bhAva se rahate haiN| AcArya bar3e hI spaSTa evaM mArmika-zabdoM meM likhate haiM dharma, artha aura kAma ko bhale hI anya koI vicAraka paraspara virodhI mAnate hoM, kiMtu jinavANI ke anusAra to ve kuzala anuSThAna meM avatarita hone ke kAraNa paraspara asapatna (avirodhI) haiN| apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke yogya vihita anuSThAnarUpa dharma, svacchAzaya prayukta artha aura visrambhayukta arthAt maryAdAnukUla vaivAkiha-niyaMtraNa se svIkRta kAma, jinavANI ke anusAra paraspara avirodhI haiN|116 ye puruSArtha paraspara avirodhI tabhI hote haiM, jaba ve (103)

Page #108
mokSAbhimukha hote haiM aura jaba ve mokSAbhimukha hokara paraspara avirodha kI sthiti meM hoM, asapatna hoM, to ve samyak hote haiM, isalie AcaraNIya hote haiM, kiMtu jaba mokSa-mArga se vimukha hokara puruSArtha-catuSTaya paraspara virodha meM hote haiM, taba ve asamyak yA anucita evaM anAcaraNIya hote haiN| bauddha-darzana meM puruSArthacatuSTaya ____ bhagavAn buddha yadyapi nivRttimArgI zramaNa-paramparA ke anugAmI haiM, tathApi unake vicAroM meM artha evaM kAma-puruSArtha ke sambaMdha meM bhI dizAbodha upalabdha hai| dIghanikAya meM artha kI upalabdhi ke lie zrama karate rahane kA saMdeza upalabdha hotA hai| buddha kahate haiM, Aja bahuta sardI hai, Aja bahuta garmI hai, aba to saMdhyA (dera) ho gaI, isa prakAra zrama se dUra bhAgatA huA manuSya dhanahIna ho jAtA hai, kiMtu jo sardI-garmI Adi ko sahakara kaThora parizrama karatA hai, vaha kabhI sukha se vaMcita nahIM hotaa| 17 jaise pratnavAn rahane se madhumakkhI kA chattA bar3hatA hai, cIMTI kA vAlmIka bar3hatA hai, vaise hI prayatnazIla manuSya kA aizvarya bar3hatA hai| 18 itanA hI nahIM, prApta sampadA kA upayoga kisa prakAra ho, isa sambaMdha meM bhI buddha kA nirdeza hai ki sadgRhastha prApta dhana ke eka bhAga kA upabhoga kare, do . bhAgoM ko vyApAra Adi kAryakSetra meM lagAe aura cauthe bhAga ko ApattikAla meM kAma Ane ke lie surakSita rakha chodd'e|'' Aja kA pragatizIla arthazAstrI bhI Arthikapragati ke lie isase acche sUtra prastuta nahIM kara sktaa| buddha kevala arthazAstrI ke rUpa meM hI nahIM, varan eka sAmAjika-arthazAstrI ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| ve isa bAre meM bhI pUrNa satarka hai ki yadi samAja meM dhana kA samucitaM vitaraNa nahIM hogA, to arAjakatA aura asurakSA utpanna hogii| ve kahate haiM, nirdhanoM ko dhana nahIM die jAne se daridratA bahuta bar3ha gaI aura daridratA ke bahuta bar3ha jAne se corI bahuta bar3ha gii|120 corI ke bahuta bar3hane kA artha dhana kI asurakSA hai| isake pIche buddha kA nirdeza yahI hai ki samAja meM dhana kA samavitaraNa honA cAhie, tAki samAja kA koI bhI varga abhAva se pIr3ita na ho| buddha kI dRSTi meM artha ko kabhI bhI dharma se vimukha nahIM honA cAhie, ve dharmayukta vyavasAya meM niyojita hone kA hI nirdeza dete haiN|121 jo jIvana meM dhana kA dAna evaM bhoga ke rUpa meM samucita upayoga nahIM karatA, usakA dhana nirarthaka hai, kyoMki marane vAle ke pIche usakA dhana Adi nahIM jAtA hai aura na dhana se jarAmaraNa se hI chuTakArA mila sakatA hai|122 kAmapuruSArtha ke sambaMdha meM buddha kA dRSTikoNa madhyamamArga kA pratipAdana karatA hai| udAna meM buddha kahate haiM, 'brahmacarya-jIvana ke sAtha vratoM kA pAlana karanA hI sAra hai, yaha eka (104)

Page #109
anta hai| kAmabhogoM ke sevana meM koI doSa nahIM, yaha dUsarA aMta hai| ina donoM antoM ke sevana se saMskAroM kI vRddhi hotI hai, mithyAdhAraNA bar3hatI hai, vyakti mArga se bhaSTa ho jAtA hai| 123 isa AdhAra para kAmapuruSArtha ke sambaMdha meM buddha kA dRSTikoNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki jo kAma dharma-aviruddha hai, jisase AdhyAtmika-pragati yA citta kI vikalatA samApta ho, vaha kAma AcaraNIya hai| isake viparIta, dharmaviruddha mAnasika-azAntikAraka kAma yA viSayabhoga anAcaraNIya hai| buddhi kI dRSTi meM bhI jaina-vicAra ke samAna dharmapuruSArtha nirvANa yA mokSapuruSArtha kA sAdhana hai| majjhimanikAya meM buddha kahate haiM, bhikSuoM! maiMne ber3e kI bhAMti pAra jAne ke lie (nirvANalAbha ke lie) tumheM dharma kA upadeza diyA hai, pakar3a rakhane ke lie nahIM,124 arthAt nirvANa kI dizA meM le jAne vAlA dharma hI AcaraNIya hai| buddha kI dRSTi meM jo dharma nirvANa kI dizA meM nahIM le jAtA, jisase nirvANalAbha meM bAdhA AtI ho, vaha tyAga dene yogya hai| itanA hI nahIM, buddha dharma ko eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM aura sAdhya kI upalabdhi ke lie use bhI chor3a dene kA saMdeza dete haiN| unakI dRSTi meM paramamUlya to nirvANa hI hai| . hindUdharma meM puruSArthacatuSTaya . puruSArthacatuSTaya ke sambaMdha meM gItA kA dRSTikoNa jaina-paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai| gItA kI dRSTi meM bhI mokSa hI parama puruSArtha hai| vahI parama mUlya hai| dharma, artha aura kAmapuruSArtha sambaMdhI dhRti ko gItAkAra ne rAjasI kahA hai,125 lekina yaha mAnanA bhIbhrAMtipUrNa hogA ki gItA meM ina puruSArthoM kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| gItAkAra jaba kAma kI niMdA karatA hai,126 dharma ko chor3ane kI bAta karatA hai,127 to mokSapuruSArtha yA paramAtmA kI prApti kI apekSA se hii| mokSa hI paramasAdhya hai, dharma, artha aura kAma kA mokSa ke nimitta parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM bhI yadi dharma, artha aura kAma mokSa ke avirodhI haiM, to ve grAhya haiN| gItAkAra kI mAnyatA bhI yahI pratIta hotI hai ki artha aura kAma ko dharmAdhIna honA cAhie aura dharma ko mokSAbhimukha honA caahie| dharmayukta, yajJapUrvaka evaM varNAnusAra kiyA gayA AjIvikopArjana gItA ke anusAra vihita hI hai| yadyapi dhana kI ciMtA meM DUbe rahane vAle aura dhana kA tathA dhana ke dvArA kie gae dAnapuNyAdi kA abhimAna karane vAle ko gItA meM ajJAnI kahA gayA hai,128 tathApika isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki dhana ko ekamAtra sAdhya nahIM banA lenA cAhie aura na usakA tathA usake dvArA kie gae satkAryoM kA abhimAna hI karanA caahie| isI prakAra, kAmapuruSArtha (105)

Page #110
ke sambaMdha meM gItA kA dRSTikoNa yahI hai ki use dharma-aviruddha honA caahie| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki prANiyoM meM dharma-aviruddha kAma maiM huuN|129 sabhI bhogoM se vimukha hone kI apekSA gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM yahI ucita hai ki unameM Asakti kA tyAga kiyA jaae| vastutaH, yaha dRSTikoNa bhogoM ko mokSa ke avirodha meM rakhane kA prayAsa hai| isI prakAra, gItA jaba yaha kahatI hai ki binA yajJa ke jo bhoga karatA hai, vaha cora hai, to usakA pramukha dRSTikoNa kAmapuruSArtha ko dharmAbhimukha banAne kA hI hai|130 ___ isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura hindU dharmoM kI vicAradhArAoM meM cAroM puruSArtha svIkRta haiM, yadyapi sabhI ne isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki artha ,aura kAmapuruSArtha ko dharma-aviruddha honA cAhie aura dharma ko sadaiva hI mokSAbhimukha honA caahie| vastutaH, yaha dRSTikoNa na kevala jaina, bauddha aura gItA kI paramparAoM kA hai, varan samagra bhAratIya-ciMtana kI isa saMdarbha meM yahI dRSTi hai| manu kahate haiM ki dharma-vihIna artha aura kAma ko chor3a denA caahie|13| mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA hai ki jo artha aura kAma dharma-virodhI hoM, unheM chor3a denA caahie| kauTilya apane arthazAstra meM aura vAtsyAyana apane kAmasUtra meM likhate haiM ki dharma aura artha se avirodha meM rahe hue kAma kA hI sevana karanA caahie|133 isa prakAra, bhAratIya-cintakoM kA prayAsa yahI rahA hai ki cAroM puruSArthoM ko . isa prakAra saMyojita kiyA jAe ki ve paraspara avirodha kI avasthA meM rheN| isa hetu unhoMne unakA pArasparika-sambaMdha nizcita karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyaa| kauna-sA puruSArtha sarvocca mUlyavAlA hai, isa sambaMdha meM mahAbhArata meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura isake phalasvarUpa vibhinna dRSTikoNa sAmane bhI Ae 1. artha hI parama puruSArtha hai, kyoMki dharma aura kAma-donoM artha ke hone para upalabdha hote haiN| dhana ke abhAva meM na to kAma-bhoga hI prApta hote haiM aura na dAna-puNyAdi dharma hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 134 kauTilya ne bhI arthazAstra meM isI dRSTikoNa ko pratipAdita kiyA hai|135 2. kAma hI parama puruSArtha hai, kyoMki viSayoM kI icchA yA kAma ke abhAva meM na to koI dhana prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura na koI dharma karanA cAhatA hai| kAma hI artha aura dharma se zreSTha hai|136 jaise dahI kA sAra makkhana hai, vaise hI artha aura dharma kA sAra kAma hai|137 3. artha, kAma aura dharma-tInoM hI svataMtra puruSArtha haiM, tInoM kA samAna rUpa se (106)

Page #111
sevana karanA caahie| jo eka kA sevana karatA hai, vaha adhama hai, jo do ke sevana meM nipuNa hai, vaha madhyama hai aura jo ina tInoM meM samAna rUpa se anurakta hai, vahI manuSya uttama hai|138 4. dharmA hI zreSTha guNa (puruSArtha) hai, artha madhyama hai aura kAma sabakI apekSA nimna hai, kyoMki dharma se hI mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai, dharma para hI loka-vyavasthA AdhArita hai aura dharma meM hI artha samAhita hai|139 5. mokSa hI parama puruSArtha hai| mokSa upAya ke rUpa meM jJAna aura anAsakti-yahI parama kalyANakAraka hai| 40 cAroM puruSArthoM kI tulanA evaM kramanirdhAraNa puruSArthacatuSTaya ke sambaMdha meM uparyukta vibhinna dRSTikoNa paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM, lekina sApekSika-dRSTi se inameM virodha nahIM raha jAtA hai| sAdhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para artha hI pradhAna pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki arthAbhAva meM daihika mAMgoM (kAma) kI pUrti nahIM hotii| dUsarI ora, loka ke arthAbhAva se pIr3ita hone para dharmavyavasthA yA nIti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- bhUkhA kauna-sA pApa nahIM karatA?141 .. yadi sAdhaka (vyakti) kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to daihika-mUlya (kAma) hI pradhAna pratIta honA hai| manodaihika-mUlyoM (icchA evaM kAma) ke abhAva meM na to nItianIti kA prazna khar3A hotA hai aura na Arthika-sAdhanoM kI hI koI aavshyktaa| dUsare, dharmasAdhana aura AdhyAtmika-pragati bhI zarIra se sambaMdhita haiN| kahA gayA haidharmasAdhana ke lie zarIra hI prAthamika haiN| 142 daihika-mAMgoM kI pUrti ke abhAva meM cittazAnti bhI kaise hogI aura jisakA citta azAnta hai, vaha kyA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa karegA? . (107)

Page #112
bhAratIya saMskRti meM dhArmika sahiSNutA dhArmika sahiSNutA : Aja kI AvazyakatA Aja kA yuga bauddhika vikAsa aura vaijJAnika pragati kA yuga hai| manuSya ke bauddhika vikAsa ne usakI tArkikatA ko painA kiyA hai| Aja manuSya pratyeka samasyA para tArkika dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai, kiMtu durbhAgya yaha hai ki isa bauddhika vikAsa ke bAvajUda bhI eka ora aMdhavizvAsa aura rUr3hivAditA barAbara kAyama hai, to dUsarI ora vaicArika saMgharSa apanI carama sImA para pahuMca gayA hai| dhArmika evaM rAjanItika sAmpradAyikatA Aja janatA ke mAnasa ko unmAdI banA rahI hai| kahIM dharma ke nAma para, kahIM rAjanItika vicAradhArAoM ke nAma para, kahIM dhanI aura nirdhana ke nAma para, kahIM jAtivAda ke nAma para, kahIM kAle aura gore ke bheda ko lekara manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda kI dIvAreM khIMcI jA rahI haiN| Aja pratyeka dharma-sampradAya, pratyeka rAjanItika dala aura pratyeka varga apane hitoM kI surakSA ke lie dUsare ke astitva ko samApta karane para tulA huA hai| saba apane ko mAnava-kalyANa kA ekamAtra ThekedAra mAnakara apanI satyatA kA dAvA kara rahe haiM aura dUsare ko bhrAMta tathA bhraSTa batArahe haiN| manuSya kI asahiSNutA kI vRtti manuSya ke mAnasa ko unmAdI banAkara pArasparika ghRNA, vidveSa aura bikharAva ke bIja bo rahI hai| eka ora hama pragati kI bAta karate haiM to dUsarI ora manuSya-manuSya ke bIca dIvAra khar3I karate haiN| 'ikabAla' isI bAta ko lekara pUchate haiM phirkebaMdI hai kahIM, aura kahIM jAte haiM, kyA jamAne meM panapane kI bAta yahI bAteM haiM ? yadyapi vaijJAnika takanIka se prApta AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ne Aja vizva kI dUrI ko kama kara diyA hai, hamArA saMsAra simaTa rahA hai, kiMtu Aja manuSyamanuSya ke bIca hRdaya kI dUrI kahIM adhika jyAdA ho rahI hai| vaiyaktika svArthalipsA ke kAraNa manuSya eka-dUsare ko kATatA calA jA rahA hai| Aja vizva kA vAtAvaraNa tanAvapUrNa evaM vikSubdha hai| eka ora ijarAyala aura araba meM yahUdI aura musalamAna lar3a rahe haiM, to dUsarI ora islAma dharma ke hI do sampradAya ziyA aura sunnI irAka aura IrAna meM lar3a rahe haiN| bhArata meM bhI kahIM hindU aura musalamAnoM ko, to kahIM hindU aura sikhoM ko eka-dUsare ke virUddha lar3ane ke lie ubhAr3A jA rahA hai| (108)

Page #113
aphrIkA meM kAle aura gore kA saMgharSa cala rahA hai, to sAmyavAdI rUsa aura pUMjIvAdI saMyukta rAjya amerikA eka-dUsare ko nestanAbUda karane para tule hue haiN| Aja mAnavatA usa kagAra para Akara khar3I ho gaI hai, jahAM se usane yadi apanA rAstA nahIM badalA to usakA sarvanAza nikaTa hai| 'ikabAla' spaSTa zabdoM meM hameM cetAvanI dete hue kahate haiM - agara aba bhI na samajhoge to miTa jAoge duniyAM se| tumhArI dAstAM taka bhI na hogI dAstAnoM meN|| vijJAna aura takanIka kI pragati ke nAma para hamane mAnava jAti ke lie vinAza kI citA taiyAra kara lI hai| yadi manuSya kI isa unmAdI pravRtti para koI aMkuza nahIM lagA, to koI bhI choTI sI ghaTanA isa citA ko cinagArI de degI aura taba hama saba apane hAthoM taiyAra kI gaI isa citA meM jalane ko majabUra ho jaaeNge| asahiSNutA aura varga-vidveSa- phira cAhe vaha dharma ke nAma para ho, rAjanIti ke nAma para ho, rASTrIyatA ke nAma para ho yA sAmpradAyikatA ke nAma para - hameM vinAza ke garta kI ora hI lie jA rahe haiN| Aja kI isa sthiti ke sambaMdha meM urdU ke zAyara 'cakabasta' ne ThIka hI kahA hai - . miTegA dIna bhI aura AbarU bhI jaaegii| tumhAre nAma se duniyA ko zarma aaegii|| ataH Aja eka aise dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hai jo mAnavatA ko durAgraha aura matAndhatA se Upara uThAkara satya ko samajhane ke lie eka samagra dRSTi de sake, tAki vargIya hitoM se Upara uThakara samagra mAnavatA ke kalyANa ko prAthamikatA dI jA ske| dhArmika matAndhatA kyoM ? . dharma ko aMgrejI meM rilIjana' (Religion) kahA jAtA hai| rilIjana zabda ri+lIjera se banA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai - phira se jor3a denaa| dharma manuSya ko manuSya se aura AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA hai| dharma kA avataraNa manuSya ko zAzvata zAMti aura sukha dene ke lie huA hai, kiMtu hamArI matAMdhatA aura unmAdI vRtti ke kAraNa dharma ke nAma para manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda kI dIvAreM khar3I ho gaI aura use eka-dUsare kA pratispardhI banA diyA gyaa| mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM jitane yuddha aura saMgharSa hue haiM, unameM dhArmika matAndhatA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa rahI hai| dharma ke nAma para manuSya ne aneka bAra khUna kI holI khelI hai aura Aja bhI khela rahe haiN| vizva itihAsa kA adhyetA isa bAta ko bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai ki dhArmika asahiSNutA ne vizva meM (109)

Page #114
jaghanya duSkRtya karAe haiN| Azcarya to yaha hai ki damana, atyAcAra, nRzaMsatA aura raktaplAvana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dharma kA jAmA pahanAyA gayA aura aise yuddhoM ko dharmayuddha kahakara manuSya ko eka-dUsare ke virUddha ubhAr3A gayA, phalataH zAMti, sevA aura samanvaya kA pratIka dharma hI azAMti, tiraskAra aura varga-vidveSa kA kAraNa bana gyaa| yahAM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dharma ke nAma para jo kucha kiyA yA karAyA jAtA hai, vaha saba dhArmika nahIM hotaa| ina sabake pIche vastutaH dharma nahIM, dharma ke nAma para palane vAlI vyakti kI svArthaparatA kAma karatI hai| vastutaH kucha loga apane kSudra svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie manuSyoM ko dharma ke nAma para eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3A kara dete haiN| dharma bhAvanA-pradhAna hai aura bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3anA sahaja hotA hai| ataH dharma hI eka aisA mAdhyama hai jisake nAma para manuSyoM ko eka dUsare ke virUddha jaldI ubhAr3A jA sakatA hai| isIlie matAndhatA, unmAdI aura svArthI tatvoM ne dharma ko sadaiva hI apane hitoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana banAyA hai| jo dharma manuSya ko manuSya se jor3ane ke lie thA, usI dharma ke nAma para apane se virodhI dharmavAloM ko utpIr3ita karane aura usa para atyAcAra karane ke prayatna hue haiM aura ho rahe haiN| kiMtu dharma ke nAma para hiMsA, saMgharSa aura varga-vidveSa kI jo bhAvanAeM ubhAr3I jA rahI haiM, usakA kAraNa kyA dharma hai ? vastutaH dharma nahIM, apitu dharma kA AvaraNa DAlakara mAnava kI mahatvAkAMkSA, usakA ahaMkAra aura usakI kSudra svArthaparatA hI yaha saba kucha karavA rahI hai| yathArtha meM yaha dharma kA nakAba DAle hue adharma hI hai| dharma ke sAratatva kA jJAna : matAndhatA se mukti kA mArga durbhAgya yaha hai ki Aja janasAmAnya, jise dharma ke nAma para sahaja hI ubhAr3A jAtA hai, dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa se anabhijJa hai, vaha dharma ke mUla hArda ko nahIM samajha pAyA hai| usakI dRSTi meM kucha karmakANDa aura rIti-rivAja hI dharma hai| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamAre tathAkathita dhArmika netAoM ne hameM dharma ke mUla hArda se anabhijJa rakhakara, ina rIti-rivAjoM aura karmakANDoM ko hI dharma kahakara samajhAyA hai| vastutaH Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki manuSya dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko smjhe| Aja mAnava samAja ke samakSa dharma ke usa sArabhUta tatva ko prastuta kie jAne kI AvazyakatA hai, jo sabhI dharmoM meM sAmAnyatayA upasthita hai aura unakI mUlabhUta ekatA kA sUcaka hai| Aja dharma ke mUla hArda aura vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhe binA hamArI dhArmikatA surakSita nahIM raha sakatI hai| yadi Aja dharma ke nAma para vibhAjita hotI huI isa mAnavatA ko punaH (110)

Page #115
jor3anA hai to hameM dharma ke una mUlabhUta tatvoM ko sAmane lAnA hogA, jinake AdhAra para ina TUTI huI kar3iyoM ko punaH jor3A jA ske| dharma kA marma - yaha satya hai ki Aja vizva meM aneka dharma pracalita haiN| kiMtu yadi hama gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kareM to ina vividha dharmoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai- manuSya ko eka acche manuSya ke rUpa meM vikasita kara use paramAtma tatva kI ora le jaanaa| jaba taka manuSya, manuSya nahIM banatA aura usakI yaha manuSyatA devatva kI ora agrasara nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha dhArmika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi manuSya meM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa hI nahIM huA hai to vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM dhArmika nahIM hai| amana' ne ThIka hI kahA hai - iMsAniyata se jisane bazara ko girA diyaa| yA raba! vaha baMdagI huI yA abatarI huii| mAnavatA ke binA dhArmikatA asambhava hai| mAnavatA dhArmikatA kA prathama caraNa hai| mAnavatA kA artha hai - manuSya meM viveka vikasita ho, vaha apane vicAroM, bhAvanAoM aura hitoM para saMyama rakha sake tathA apane sAthI prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajha ske| yadi yaha saba usameM nahIM hai to vaha manuSya hI nahIM hai, to phira usake dhArmika hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki koI pazu dhArmika yA adhArmika nahIM hotA, manuSya hI dhArmika yA adhArmika hotA hai| yadi mAnavIya zarIra ko dhAraNa : karane vAlA vyakti apane pazutva se Upara nahIM uTha pAyA hai, to usake dhArmika hone kA prazna to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai| mAnavIyatA dhArmikatA kI prathama sIr3hI hai| use pAra kie binA koI dharmamArga meM praveza nahIM kara sktaa| manuSya kA prathama dharma mAnavatA hai| . vastutaH yadi hama jaina dharma kI bhASA meM dharma ko vastu-svabhAva mAneM to hameM samagra cetana sattA ke mUla svabhAva ko hI dharma kahanA hogaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA kA svabhAva samatA-samabhAva kahA gayA hai| usameM gaNadhara bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM ki AtmA kyA hai aura AtmA kA sAdhya kyA hai ? pratyuttara meM bhagavAna kahate haiM- AtmA sAmAyika (samatvavRtti) rUpa hai aura usa samatvabhAva ko prApta kara lenA hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai|' AcArAMgasUtra bhI samabhAva ko hI dharma kahatA hai| sabhI dharmoM kA sAra samatA tathA zAMti hai| manuSya meM nihita kAma, krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha aura unake janaka rAga-dveSa aura tRSNA ko samApta karanA hI sabhI dhArmika sAdhanAoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya rahA hai| isa sambaMdha meM zrI satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA ke nimna vicAra draSTavya haiM- 'krodha, IrSyA, dveSa (111)

Page #116
Adi na hindU haiM, na bauddha, na jaina, na pArasI, na muslima, na iisaaii| vaise inase vimukta rahanA bhI naM hindU hai na bauddha, na jaina hai na pArasI, na muslima hai na iisaaii| vikAroM se vimukta rahanA hI zuddha dharma hai| kyA zIlavAna, samAdhivAna aura prajJAvAna honA kevala bauddhoM kA hI dharma hai? kyA vItarAga, vItadveSa aura vItamoha honA jainoM kA hI dharma hai? kyA sthitaprajJa, anAsakta, jIvana-mukta honA hinduoM kA hI dharma hai? dharma kI isa zuddhatA ko samajheM aura dhAraNa kreN| (dharma ke kSetra meM) nissAra chilakoM kA avamUlyana ho, unmUlana ho, zuddhasAra kA mUlyAMkana ho, pratiSThApana ho|'' jaba yaha sthiti AegI, dhArmika sahiSNutA sahaja hI prakaTa hogii| sAdhanAgata vividhatA : asahiSNutA kA AdhAra nahIM ___ tRSNA, rAga-dveSa aura ahaMkAra adharma ke bIja haiN| inase mAnasika aura sAmAjika samabhAva bhaMga hotA hai| ataH inake nirAkaraNa ko sabhI dhArmika sAdhanApaddhatiyAM apanA lakSya banAtI haiN| kiMtu manuSya kA ahaMkAra, manuSya kA mamatva kaise samApta ho, usakI tRSNA yA Asakti kA uccheda kaise ho? isa sAdhanAtmaka pakSa ko lekara hI vicArabheda prArambha hotA hai| koI parama sattA yA Izvara ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa meM hI Asakti, mamatva aura ahaMkAra ke visarjana kA upAya dekhatA hai, to ko usake lie jagat kI duHkhamayatA, padArthoM kI kSaNikatA aura anAtmatA kA upadeza detA hai, to koI usa Asakti yA rAgabhAva kI vimukti ke lie Atma aura anAtma arthAt sva-para ke viveka ko dhArmika sAdhanA kA pramukha aMga mAnatA hai| vastutaH yaha sAdhanAtmaka bheda hI dharmoM kI anekatA kA kAraNa hai| kiMtu yaha anekatA dhArmika asahiSNutA yA virodha kA kAraNa nahIM bana sktii| AcArya haribhadra ne yogadRSTisamuccaya meM dhArmika sAdhanA kI vividhatAoM kA suMdara vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM yadvA tattannayApekSA ttkaalaadiniyogtH| RSibhyo dezanA citrA tanmUlaiSApi tatvataH // arthAt pratyeka RSi apane deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para bhinnabhinna dharmamArgoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| deza aura kAlagata vividhatAeM tathA sAdhakoM kI ruci aura svabhAvagata vividhatAeM dhArmika sAdhanAoM kI vividhatAoM ke AdhAra haiN| kiMtu isa vividhatA ko dhArmika asahiSNutA kA kAraNa nahIM banane denA caahie| jisa prakAra eka hI nagara ko jAne vAle vividha mArga paraspara bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM sthita hokara bhI virodhI nahIM kahe jAte haiM, eka hI keMdra ko yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khIMcI (112)

Page #117
gaI vividha rekhAeM cAheM bAhya rUpa se virodhI dikhAI deM, kiMtu yathArthataH unameM koI virodha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra paraspara bhinna-bhinna AcAra-vicAra vAle dharmamArga bhI vastutaH virodhI nahIM hote| yaha eka gaNitIya satya hai ki eka keMdra se yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khIMcI gaI aneka rekhAeM eka-dUsare ko kATane kI kSamatA nahIM rakhatI haiM, kyoMki una sabakA sAdhya eka hI hotA hai| vastutaH unameM eka-dUsare ko kATane kI zakti tabhI AtI hai jaba ve apane keMdra kA parityAga kara detI haiN| yahI bAta dharma ke sambaMdha meM bhI satya hai| eka . hI sAdhya kI ora unmukha bAhara se paraspara virodhI dikhAI dene vAle aneka sAdhanA-mArga tatvataH paraspara virodhI nahIM hote haiN| yadi pratyeka dhArmika sAdhaka apane ahaMkAra, rAgadveSa aura tRSNA kI pravRttiyoM ko samApta karane ke lie, apane kAma, krodha aura lobha ke nirAkaraNa ke lie, apane ahaMkAra aura asmitA ke visarjana ke lie sAdhanArata hai, to phira usakI sAdhanA-paddhati cAhe jo ho, vaha dUsarI sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA na to virodhI hogA aura na ashissnnu| yadi dhArmika jIvana meM sAdhyarUpI ekatA ke sAtha sAdhanArUpI anekatA rahe to bhI vaha saMgharSa kA kAraNa nahIM bana sktii| vastutaH yahAM hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki dharma aura samAja meM dhArmika asahiSNutA kA janma kyoM aura kaise hotA hai? . vastutaH jaba yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki hamArI sAdhanA-paddhati hI ekamAtra vyakti ko aMtima sAdhya taka pahuMcA sakatI hai taba dhArmika asahiSNutA kA janma hotA haiM isake sthAna para yadi hama yaha svIkAra kara leM ki ve sabhI sAdhanA-paddhatiyAM jo sAdhya taka pahuMcA sakatI haiM, sahI haiM, to dhArmika saMgharSoM kA kSetra sImita ho jAtA hai| deza aura kAlagata vividhatAeM tathA vyakti kI apanI pravRtti aura yogyatA Adi aise tatva haiM, jinake kAraNa sAdhanAgata vividhatAoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai| vastutaH jisase vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai, vaha AcAra ke bAhya vidhi-niSedha yA bAhya aupacArikatAeM yA kriyAkANDa nahIM, mUlataH sAdhaka kI bhAvanA yA jIvana-dRSTi hai| prAcInatama jaina Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki - . je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te aasvaa|' jo Asrava arthAt baMdhana ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI parisrava arthAt mukti ke kAraNa ho sakate haiM aura isake viparIta jo mukti ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI baMdhana ke kAraNa bana sakate haiN| aneka bAra aisA hotA hai ki bAhya rUpa meM hama jise anaitika aura adhArmika kahate haiM, vaha deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para naitika aura dhArmika ho jAtA hai| dhArmika jIvana meM sAdhanA kA bAhya kalevara itanA mahatvapUrNa nahIM hotA jitanA (113)

Page #118
usake mUla meM rahI huI vyakti kI bhAvanAeM hotI haiN| bAhya rUpa se kisI yuvatI kI paMricaryA karate hue eka vyakti apanI manobhUmikA ke AdhAra para dhArmika ho sakatA hai, to dUsarA adhArmikA vastutaH paricaryA karate samaya paricaryA kI apekSA bhI jo adhika mahatvapUrNa hai, vaha usa paricaryA ke mUla meM nihita prayojana, preraka yA manobhUmikA hotI hai| eka vyakti niSkAma bhAvanA se kisI kI sevA karatA hai, to dUsarA vyakti apanI vAsanAoM athavA apane kSudra svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie kisI kI sevA karatA hai| bAhara se donoM sevAeM eka haiM, kiMtu unameM eka naitika aura dhArmika hai, to dUsarI anaitika aura adhArmikA hama dekhate haiM ki anekAneka loga laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti ke lie prabhu-bhakti aura sevA karate haiM kiMtu unakI vaha sevA dharma kA kAraNa na hokara adharma kA kAraNa hotI hai| ataH sAdhanAgata bAhya vibhinnatAoM ko na to dhArmikatA kA sarvasva mAnanA cAhie aura na una para itanA adhika bala diyA jAnA cAhie, jisase pArasparika vibheda aura bhinnatA kI khAI aura gaharI ho| vastutaH jaba taka deza aura kAlagata . bhinnatAeM haiM, jaba taka vyakti kI ruci yA svabhAvagata bhinnatAeM haiM, taba taka sAdhanAgata vibhinnatAeM svAbhAvika hI haiN| AcArya haribhadra apane graMtha yogadRSTisamuccaya meM kahate haiM - citrA tu dezanaiteSAM syAd vineyaanugunnytH|| yasmAdete mahAtmAno bhAvyAdhi bhiSagvarAH // arthAt jisa prakAra eka acchA vaidya rogI kI prakRti, Rtu Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka hI roga ke lie do vyaktiyoM ko alaga-alaga auSadhi pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra dharmamArga ke upadeSTA RSigaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna svabhAva vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie alaga-alaga sAdhanA-vidhi prastuta karate haiN| deza, kAla aura rucigata vaicitrya dhArmika sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kI vibhinnatA kA AdhAra hai| vaha svAbhAvika hai, ataH use asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dharmakSetra meM sAdhanAgata vividhatAeM sadaiva rahI haiM aura raheMgI, kiMtu unheM vivAda kA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jAnA caahie|' hameM pratyeka sAdhanA-paddhati kI upayogitA aura anupayogitA kA mUlyAMkana una paristhitiyoM meM karanA cAhie jisameM unakA janma hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, mUrtipUjA kA vidhAna aura mUrtipUjA kA niSedha do bhinna dezagata aura kAlagata paristhitiyoM kI dena haiM aura unake pIche viziSTa uddezya rahe hue haiN| yadi hama una saMdarbho meM unakA mUlyAMkana karate haiM, to ina do virodhI sAdhanApaddhatiyoM meM bhI hameM koI virodha najara nahIM aaegaa| sabhI dhArmika sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA eka lakSya hote hue bhI unameM deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke kAraNa sAdhanAgata (114)

Page #119
vibhinnatAeM AI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, hindUdharma aura islAma donoM meM upAsanA ke pUrva evaM pazcAt zArIrika zuddhi kA vidhAna hai| phira bhI donoM kI zArIrika zuddhi kI prakriyA bhinna-bhinna hai| musalamAna apanI zArIrika zuddhi isa prakAra se karatA hai ki usameM jala kI atyalpa mAtrA kA vyaya ho, vaha hAtha aura muMha ko nIce se Upara kI ora dhotA hai, kyoMki isameM pAnI kI mAtrA kama kharca hotI hai| isake viparIta hindU apane hAtha aura muMha Upara se nIce kI ora dhotA hai| isameM jala kI mAtrA adhika kharca hotI hai| zArIrika zuddhi kA lakSya samAna hote hue bhI araba dezoM meM jala kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa eka paddhati apanAI gaI, to bhArata meM jala kI bahulatA hone ke kAraNa dUsarI paddhati apanAI gii| ataH AcAra ke ina bAharI rUpoM ko lekara dhArmikatA ke kSetra meM jo vivAda calAyA jAtA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| cAhe prazna mUrtipajA kA ho yA anya koI, hama dekhate haiM ki una sabhI ke mUla meM kahIM na kahIM deza, kAla aura vyakti ke rucigata vaicitrya kA AdhAra hotA hai| islAma ne cAhe kitanA hIM butaparastI kA virodha kiyA ho kiMtu muharrama, kabra-pUjA Adi ke nAma para prakArAMtara se usameM mUrtipUjA praviSTa ho hI gaI hai| isI prakAra islAma evaM anya paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se hindU aura jaina dharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA vikAsa huaa| ataH dhArmika jIvana kI bAhya AcAra evaM rIti-rivAja sambaMdhI daizika, kAlika aura vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM ko dharma kA mUlAdhAra na mAnakara, ina bhinnatAoM ke prati eka udAra aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| hameM ina sabhI vibhinnatAoM ko unake udbhava kI mUlabhUta paristhitiyoM meM samajhane kA prayatna karanA caahie| . zAstra kI satyatA kA prazna - dhArmikatA ke kSetra meM aneka bAra yaha vivAda bhI pramukha ho jAtA hai ki hamArA dharmazAstra hI saccA dharmazAstra hai aura dUsaroM kA dharmazAstra saccA aura prAmANika nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM prathama to hameM yaha jAna lenA cAhie ki dharmazAstra kA mUla strota to dharmapravartaka ke upadeza hI hote haiM aura sAmAnyatayA prAcIna dharmoM meM ve maukhika hI rahe haiN| jinhoMne unheM likhita rUpa diyA, ve deza aura kAlagata paristhitiyoM se sarvathA aprabhAvita rahe, yaha kahanA bar3A kaThina hai| mahAvIra ke upadeza unake parinirvANa ne eka hajAra varSa bAda likhe gae- kyA itanI lambI kAlAvadhi meM usameM kucha ghaTAva-bar3hAva nahIM huA * hogA? na kevala yaha prazna jaina zAstroM kA hai apitu hindU aura bauddha dharma ke zAstroM kA bhI hai| durbhAgya se kisI bhI dharma kA dharmazAstra, usake upadeSTA ke jIvanakAla meM nahIM (115)

Page #120
likhA gyaa| na mahAvIra ke jIvana meM Agama likhe gae, na buddha ke jIvana meM tripiTaka likhe gae, na IsA ke jIvana meM bAibila aura na muhammada ke jIvana meM kurAnA punaH yadi pratyeka dharmazAstra meM se daizika, kAlika aura vaiyaktika tathyoM ko alaga kara dharma ke utsa yA mUla tatva ko dekhA jAe, to unameM bahuta bar3I bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| AcAra ke sAmAnya niyama- hatyA mata karo, jhUTha mata bolo, corI mata karo, vyabhicAra mata karo, nazIle padArthoM kA sevana mata karo, saMcayavRtti se dUra raho aura apane dhana kA dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA meM upayoga karo- ye saba sabhI dharmazAstroM meM samAna rUpa se pratipAdita haiM, lekina durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama ina mUlabhUta AdhAra stambhoM ko chor3akara una choTIchoTI bAtoM ko hI adhika pakar3ate haiM, jinase pArasparika bheda kI khAI aura gaharI hotI jainoM ke sAmane bhI zAstra kI satyatA aura asatyatA kA prazna AyA thaa| kisI sImA taka unhoMne samyak - zruta aura mithyA-zruta ke nAma para tatkAlIna zAstroM kA vibhAjana bhI kara liyA thA, kiMtu phira bhI unakI dRSTi saMkucita aura anudAra nahIM rhii| unhoMne ImAnadArIpUrvaka isa bAta ko svIkAra kara liyA ki jo samyak - zruta hai, vaha mithyA-zruta bhI ho sakatA hai aura jo mithyA-zruta hai vaha samyak - zruta bhI ho sakatA hai| zruti yA zAstra kA samyak honA yA mithyA honA zAstra ke zabdoM para nahIM, apitu usake adhyetA aura vyAkhyAtA para nirbhara karatA hai| jaina AcArya spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki eka mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyak - zruta bhI mithyA - zruta ho sakatA hai aura eka samyagdRSTi ke lie mithyA-zruta bhI samyak - zruta ho sakatA hai| samyak - dRSTi vyakti mithyA - zruta meM se bhI acchAI aura sAratatva grahaNa kara letA hai, to dUsarI ora eka mithyAdRSTi vyakti samyak - zruta meM bhI burAI aura kamiyAM dekha sakatA hai| ataH zAstra ke samyak aura mithyA hone kA prazna mUlataH vyakti ke dRSTikoNa para nirbhara hai| graMtha aura isameM likhe zabda to jar3a hote haiM, unako vyAkhyAyita karane vAlA to vyakti kA apanA manas hai| ataH zruta samyak aura mithyA nahIM hotA hai, samyak yA mithyA hotA hai unase artha-bodha prApta karane vAle vyakti kA mAnasika dRssttikonn| eka vyakti suMdara meM bhI asuMdara dekhatA hai to dUsarA vyakti asuMdara meM bhI suMdara dekhatA hai| ataH yaha vivAda nirarthaka aura anupayogI hai ki hamArA zAstra hI samyak - zAstra hai aura dUsare kA zAstra mithyA-zAstra hai| hama zAstra ko jIvana se nahIM jor3ate haiM apitu use apane-apane DhaMga se vyAkhyAyita karake usa vicAra-bheda ke AdhAra para vivAda karane kA prayatna karate haiN| paraMtu zAstra ko jaba bhI (116)

Page #121
vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha deza, kAla aura vaiyaktika ruci bheda se aprabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhtaa| eka hI gItA ko zaMkara aura rAmAnuja do alaga-alaga dRSTi se vyAkhyAyita kara sakate haiN| vahI gItA tilaka, araviMda aura rAdhAkRSNan ke lie alagaalaga artha kI bodhaka ho sakatI hai| ataH zAstra ke nAma para dhArmika kSetra meM vivAda aura asahiSNutA ko bar3hAvA denA ucita nahIM hai| zAstra aura zabda jar3a hai, usase jo arthabodha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI mahatvapUrNa hai aura yaha arthabodha kI prakriyA zrotA yA pAThaka kI dRSTi para nirbhara karatI hai, ataH mahatva dRSTi kA hai, zAstra ke nire zabdoM kA nahIM hai| yadi dRSTi udAra aura vyApaka ho, hamameM nIra-kSIra viveka kI kSamatA ho aura zAstra ke vacanoM ko hama usa pariprekSya meM samajhane kA prayAsa kareM jisameM ve kaha gae haiM, to hamAre vivAda kA kSetra sImita ho jaaegaa| jainAcAryoM ne naMdIsUtra meM jo yaha kahA ki samyak - zruta mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyA-zruta ho jAtA hai aura mithyA-zruta bhI samyak - dRSTi ke lie samyak - zruta hotA hai, usakA mUla Azaya yahI hai| dhArmika asahiSNutA kA bIja-rAgAtmakatA . dhArmika asahiSNutA kA bIja tabhI vapita hotA hai, jaba hama apane dharma yA sAdhanA-paddhati ko hI ekamAtra aura aMtima mAnane lagate haiM tathA apane dharma-guru ko hI ekamAtra satya kA draSTA mAna lete haiN| yaha avadhAraNA hI dhArmika vaimanasyatA kA mUla kAraNa hai| . vastutaH jaba vyakti kI rAMgAtmakatA dharmapravartaka, dharmamArga aura dharmazAstra ke sAtha jur3atI hai, to dhArmika kadAgrahoM aura asahiSNutA kA janma hotA hai| jaba hama apane dharma-pravartaka ko hI satya kA ekamAtra draSTA aura upadezaka mAna late haiM, to hamAre mana meM dUsare dharmapravartakoM ke prati tiraskAra kI dhAraNA vikasita hone lagatI hai| rAga kA tatva jahAM eka ora vyakti ko kisI se jor3atA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha use kahIM se tor3ane bhI lagatA hai| jaina paramparA meM dharma ke prati isa aikAntika rAgAtmakatA ko dRSTirAga kahA gayA hai aura isa dRSTirAga ko vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya evaM gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama ko jaba taka bhagavAn mahAvIra jIvita rahe, kaivalya (sarvajJatva) kI prApti nahIM ho sakI, ve vItarAgatA ko upalabdha nahIM kara paae| Akhira aisA kyoM huA? vaha kauna sA tatva thA jo gautama kI vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka bana rahA thA? prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM yaha ullikhita hai ki . eka bAra iMdrabhUti gautama 500 ziSyoM ko dIkSita kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa lA rahe the| (117)

Page #122
mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMcate-pahuMcate unake ve sabhI ziSya vItarAga aura sarvajJa ho cuke the| gautama ko isa ghaTanA se eka mAnasika khinnatA huii| ve vicAra karane lage ki jahAM mere dvArA dIkSita mere ziSya vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA ko upalabdha kara rahe haiM vahAM maiM abhI bhI isako prApta nahIM kara pA rahA huuN| unhoMne apanI isa samasyA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane prastuta kiyaa| gautama pUchate haiM- he bhagavan ! aisA kauna-sA kAraNa hai, jo merI sarvajJatA yA vItarAgatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka bana rahA hai? mahAvIra ne uttara diyA - he gautama ! tumhArA mere prati jo rAgabhAva hai, vahI tumhArI sarvajJatA aura vItarAgatA meM bAdhaka hai|' jaba tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke prati rahA huA rAgabhAva bhI vItarAgatA kA bAdhaka ho sakatA hai to phira sAmAnya dharmaguru aura dharmazAstra ke prati hamArI rAgAtmakatA kyoM nahIM hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka hogI? yadyapi jaina paramparA dharmaguru aura dharmazAstra ke prati aisI rAgAtmakatA ko prazasta-rAga kI saMjJA detI hai, kiMtu vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki yaha prazasta-rAga bhI hamAre baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| rAga rAga hai, phira cAhe vaha mahAvIra ke prati kyoM na ho? jaina paramparA kA kahanA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sarvocca avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie hameM isa rAgAtmakatA se bhI Upara uThanA hogaa| jaina karmasiddhAMta meM moha ko baMdhana kA pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| yaha moha do prakAra kA hai - (1) darzanamoha aura (2) caaritrmoh| jaina AcAryoM ne darzanamoha ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai - samyaktava moha, mithyAtvamoha aura mishrmoh|| mithyAtva-moha kA artha to sahaja hI hameM samajha meM A jAtA hai| mithyAtva-moha kA artha hai-mithyA siddhAMtoM aura mithyA vizvAsoM kA Agraha arthAt galata siddhAMtoM aura galata AsthAoM meM cipake rhnaa| kiMtu samyaktvamoha kA artha sAmAnyatayA hamArI samajha meM nahIM AtA hai| sAmAnyatayA samyaktva-moha kA artha samyaktvaM kA moha arthAt samyaktva kA AvaraNaaisA kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu aisI sthiti meM vaha bhI mithyAtva kA hI sUcaka hotA hai| vastutaH samyaktvamoha kA artha hai - dRSTirAga arthAt apanI dhArmika mAnyatAoM aura vizvAsoM ko hI ekamAtra satya samajhanA aura apane se virodhI mAnyatAoM aura vizvAsoM ko asatya maannaa| jaina dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ke lie jahAM mithyAtvamoha kA vinAza Avazyaka hai vahAM samyaktvamoha arthAt dRSTirAga se Upara uThanA bhI Avazyaka hai| na kevala jaina paramparA meM apitu bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhagavAn buddha ke aMtevAsI ziSya AnaMda ke sambaMdha meM bhI yaha sthiti hai| AnaMda bhI buddha ke jIvana kAla meM arhat avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara paae| buddha ke prati (118)

Page #123
unakI rAgAtmakatA hI unake arhat banane meM bAdhaka rhii| cAhe vaha iMdrabhUti gautama ho yA AnaMda ho, yadi dRSTirAga kSINa nahIM hotA hai, to arhat avasthA kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ke lie apane dharma aura dharmaguru ke prati bhI rAgabhAva kA tyAga karanA hogaa| jainadharma meM dhArmika matAndhatA ko kama karane kA upAya (a) guNopAsanA dhArmika asahiSNutA ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa yaha hai ki hama guNoM ke sthAna para vyaktiyoM se jur3ane kA prayAsa karate haiN| jaba hamArI AsthA kA keMdra yA upAsya AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vikAsa kI avasthA vizeSa na hokara vyakti vizeSa bana jAtA hai, to phira svAbhAvika rUpa se hI Agraha kA gherA khar3A ho jAtA hai| hama yaha mAnane lagate haiM ki mahAvIra hamAre haiM, buddha hamAre nhiiN| rAma hamAre upAsya haiM, kRSNa yA ziva hamAre upAsya nahIM haiN| ataH yadi hama vyakti ke sthAna para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA vizeSa ko apanA upAsya banAeM to sambhavataH hamAre Agraha aura matabheda kama ho sakate haiN| isa sambaMdha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa prArambha se hI udAra rahA hai| jaina paramparA meM nimna namaskAra maMtra ko parama pavitra mAnA gayA hai - namo arahaMtANI namo siddhaann| . namo aayriyaann| namo uvjjhaayaann| namo loe savva saahuunn| pratyeka jaina ke lie isakA pATha Avazyaka hai, kiMtu isameM kisI vyakti ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| isameM jina pAMca padoM kI vaMdanA kI jAtI hai, ve vyaktivAcaka na hokara guNavAcaka haiN| arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu vyakti nahIM hai, ve AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa kI vibhinna bhUmikAoM ke sUcaka haiN| prAcIna jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi kitanI udAra thI ki unhoMne ina pAMca padoM meM kisI vyakti kA nAma nahIM jodd'aa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jainoM meM aneka sampradAyagata matabheda hote hue bhI namaskAra maMtra sarvamAnya banA huA hai| yadi usameM kahIM vyaktiyoM ke nAma jor3a die jAte to sambhavataH Aja taka usakA svarUpa na jAne kitanA parivartita aura vikRta ho gayA hotaa| namaskAra mahAmaMtra jainoM kI dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa pramANa hai| usameM bhI 'namo loe savva sAhUNaM' yaha pada to dhArmika udAratA kA sarvocca zikhara kahA jA (119)

Page #124
sakatA hai| isameM sAdhaka kahatA hai ki maiM loka ke sabhI sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| vastutaH jisameM bhI sAdhutva yA munitva hai vaha vaMdanIya hai| hameM sAdhutva ko jaina va bauddha Adi kisI dharma yA kisI sampradAya ke sAtha na jor3akara guNoM ke sAtha jor3anA caahie| sAdhutva, munitva yA zramaNatva veza yA vyakti nahIM hai, varan eka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA hai, eka sthiti hai, vaha kahIM bhI aura kisI bhI vyakti meM ho sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki - na vi muMDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bNbhnno| na muNI ravvavAseNaM kusacIreNa na taavso|| samayAe samaNo hoi baMbhacereNa bNbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNa hoi taavso| 1. sira muMDA lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, oMkAra kA jApa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, jaMgala meM rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA aura kuzacIvara dhAraNa karane se koI tApasa nahIM hotaa| samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapasyA se tApasa kahalAtA hai| . dharma ke kSetra meM apane virodhI para nAstika, mithyAdRSTi, kAfira Adi kA AkSepaNa hamane bahuta kiyA hai| hama sAmAnyatayA yaha mAna lete haiM ki hamAre dharma aura darzana meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti hI Astika, samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAlA hai tathA dUsare dharma aura darzana meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA nAstika hai, mithyAdRSTi hai, kAfira hai, vastutaH ina sabake mUla meM dRSTi yaha hai - maiM hI saccA hUM aura merA virodhI jhuutthaa| hamArA durbhAgya isase bhI adhika hai, vaha yaha ki hama na kevala dUsaroM ko nAstika, mithyAdRSTi yA kAfira samajhate haiM, apitu unheM samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAle banAne kI jimmedArI bhI apane sira para or3ha lete haiN| hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki duniyA ko sacce rAste para lagAne kA ThekA hamane hI le rakhA hai| hama mAnate haiM ki mukti hamAre dharma aura dharmaguru kI zaraNa meM hI hogii| isa eka aMdhavizvAsa yA mithyA dhAraNA ne duniyA meM aneka bAra jihAda yA dharmayuddha karAe haiN| dUsaroM ko Astika, samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAlA banAne ke lie hamane aneka bAra khUna kI holiyAM khelI haiN| pahale to apane se bhinna dharma yA sampradAya vAle ko nAstikatA yA kuphra kA phatavA de denA aura phira usake sudhArane kI jimmedArI apane sira para or3ha lenA, eka doharI mUrkhatA hai| duniyA ko apane hI dharma yA sampradAya ke raMga meM raMgane kA svapna na kevala divAsvapna hai, apitu eka duHsvapna bhI hai| mahAvIra ne sUtrakRtAMga (120)

Page #125
meM bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai - sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahaMtA paraM vayaM . je u tattha viussaMti saMsAre te viussiyaa||13 arthAt jo loga apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI niMdA karate haiM tathA dUsaroM ke prati dveSa kA bhAva rakhate haiM ve saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| jaina paramparA kA yaha vizvAsa rahA hai ki satya kA sUrya sabhI ke AMgana ko prakAzita kara sakatA hai| usakI kiraNe sarvatra vikIrNa ho sakatI haiN| jainoM ke anusAra vastutaH mithyAtvA asatyatA tabhI utpanna hotA hai, jaba hama apane ko hI ekamAtra satya aura apane virodhI . ko asatya mAna lete haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya meM mithyAtva ke jo vividha rUpa batAe gae haiM, unameM ekAMta aura Agraha ko bhI mithyAtva kahA gayA hai| koI bhI kathana jaba vaha apane virodhI kathana kA ekAMtarUpa se niSedhaka hotA hai, mithyA ho jAtA hai aura jaba unhIM mithyA kahe jAne vAle kathanoM kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai to vaha satya bana jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jaina dharma ko mithyAmatasamUha kahA hai| AcArya siddhasena sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM kahate haiM - ... bhaI micchAdasaNa samUhamaiyassa amysaarss| jiNavayassa bhagavao saMvigga shaahigmmss||13 arthAt mithyAdarzanasamUharUpa amRtarasa pradAyI aura mumukSujanoM ko sahaja samajha meM Ane vAle jinavacana kA kalyANa ho|' yahAM jinadharma ko 'mithyAdarzanasamUha' kahane kA tAtparya hai ki vaha apane virodhI matoM kI bhI satyatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina dharma ko mithyAmatasamUha kahanA siddhasena kI vizAlahRdayatA kA bhI paricAyaka hai| vastutaH jaina dharma meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sabhI dharmamArga deza, kAla aura vaiyaktika-ruci-vaibhinnya ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, kiMtu ve sabhI kisI dRSTikoNa se satya bhI hote haiN| (ba) mukti kA dvAra : sabhI ke lie udghATita - vastutaH dhArmika asahiSNutA aura dhArmika saMgharSoM kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hotA hai ki hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki mukti kevala hamAre dharma meM vizvAsa karane se yA hamArI sAdhanA-paddhati ko apanAne se hI sambhava hai yA prApta ho sakatI hai| aisI sthiti meM hama isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI mAna lete haiM ki dUsare dharma aura vizvAsoM ke loga mukti prApta nahIM kara sakate haiN| kiMtu yaha mAnyatA eka bhrAMta AdhAra para khar3I hai| vastutaH duHkha yA baMdhana ke kAraNoM kA uccheda karane para koI bhI vyakti mukti kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai, (121)

Page #126
isa sambaMdha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa sadaiva hI udAra rahA hai| jaina dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki jo bhI vyakti baMdhana ke mUlabhUta kAraNa rAga-dveSa aura moha kA prahANa kara sakegA, vaha mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki kevala jaina hI mokSa ko prApta kareMge aura dUsare loga mokSa ko prApta nahIM kreNge| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM, jo ki jaina paramparA kA eka prAcIna Agama graMtha hai, anya liMgasiddha' kA ullekha prApta hotA hai - itthI purisasiddhA ya taheva ya npuNsgaa| saliMge annaliMge ya gihiliMge taheva yA 'anyaliMga' zabda kA tAtparya jainetara dharma aura sampradAya ke logoM se hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra mukti kA AdhAra na to koI dharma sampradAya hai aura na koI vizeSa vezabhUSA hii| AcArya ratnazekharasUri sambodhasattarI meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki - seyaMbaro ya AsaMbaro ya buddho ya ahava anno vaa| samabhAvabhAviappA laheya mukkhaM na sNdeho|' arthAt jo bhI samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA vaha nizcita hI mokSa ko prApta karegA phira cAhe vaha zvetAmbara ho yA digambara ho, bauddha ho yA anya kisI dharma ko mAnane vAlA ho| isI bAta kA adhika spaSTa pratipAdana AcArya haribhadra ke graMtha upadezataraMgiNI meM bhI hai| ve likhate haiM ki - nAsArambaratve na sitAmbaratve, na tarkaA de na ca tttvvaad| na pakSasevAzrayena mukti, kaSAyamuktiH kila muktirev|| arthAt mukti to sapheda vastra pahanane se hotI hai na digambara rahane se, tArkika vAda-vivAda aura tatvacarcA se bhI mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| kisI eka siddhAMta vizeSa meM AsthA rakhane yA kisI vyakti vizeSa kI sevA karane se bhI mukti asambhava hai| mukti to vastutaH kaSAyoM arthAt, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se mukta hone meM hai| eka digambara AcArya ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai - saMgho ko vi na tArai, kaTTho mUlo taheva nnippiccho| appA tArai appA tamhA appA va jhaaehi|| arthAt koI bhI saMgha yA sampradAya hameM saMsAra-samudra se pAra nahIM karA sakatA, cAhe vaha mUlasaMgha ho, kASThAsaMgha ho yA nipicchikasaMgha ho| vastutaH jo Atmabodha ko prApta karatA hai vahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| mukti to apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM se, apane (122)

Page #127
ahaMkAra aura amarSa se tathA rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM se Upara uThane para prApta hotI hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM.ki jainoM ke anusAra mukti para na to vyakti vizeSa kA adhikAra hai aura na to kisI dharma vizeSa kA adhikAra hai| mukta puruSa cAhe vaha kisI dharma yA sampradAya kA rahA ho sabhI ke lie vaMdanIya aura pUjya hotA hai| AcArya haribhadra lokatatvanirNaya meM kahate haiM yasya anikhilAzca na santi sarve guNAzca vidynte| brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA nmstsm||" .. arthAt jisake sabhI doSa vinaSTa ho cuke haiM aura jisameM sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiM, vaha phira brahmA ho, mahAdeva ho, viSNu ho yA phira jina, hama use praNAma karate haiN| isI bAta ko AcArya hemacaMdra mahAdevastotra meM likhate haiM bhava-bIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasyA brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA nmstsm|| 18 arthAt saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa ke tatva jisake kSINa ho cuke haiM use cAhe brahmA ho, viSNu ho, mahodava ho yA jin| . vastutaH hama apane-apane ArAdhya ke nAmoM ko lekara vivAda karate rahate haiN| usakI vizeSatAoM ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| sabhI dharma aura darzanoM meM usa parama tatva yA parama sattA ko rAga-dveSa, tRSNA aura Asakti se rahita, viSaya-vAsanAoM se Upara uThI huI pUrNaprajJa tathA parama kAruNika mAnA gayA hai| hamArI dRSTi usa parama tatva ke isa mUlabhUta svarUpa para na hokara nAmoM para TikI hotI hai aura isI ke AdhAra para hama vivAda karate haiN| jabaki yaha nAmoM kA bheda apane Apa meM koI artha nahIM rakhatA hai| AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM - sadAzivaH paraM brahma siddhAtmA tathAteti c| zabdaistad ucyate'nvarthAd ekaM evaivmaadibhiH||" ...' arthAt vaha eka jI tatva hai cAhe use sadAziva kaheM, parabrahma kaheM, siddhAtmA kaheM yA tathAgata kheN| nAmoM ko lekara jo vivAda kiyA jAtA hai usakI nistAratA ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka suMdara udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| eka bAra bhinna bhASA-bhASI loga kisI nagara kI dharmazAlA meM ekatrita ho ge| ve eka hI vastu ke alaga-alaga nAmoM ko lekara paraspara vivAda karane lge| saMyoga se usI samaya usa vastu kA vikretA use lekara vahAM aayaa| saba use kharIdane ke lie TUTa par3e aura apane vivAda kI nissAratA (123)

Page #128
ko samajhane lge| dharma ke kSetra meM bhI hamArI yahI sthiti hai| hama sabhI ajJAna, tRSNA, Asakti, yA rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM se Upara uThanA cAhate haiM, kiMtu ArAdhya ke nAma yA ArAdhanA vidhi ko lekara vyartha se vivAda karate haiM aura isa prakAra parama AdhyAtmika anubhUti se vaMcita rahate haiN| vastutaH yaha nAmoM kA vivAda tabhI taka rahatA hai jaba taka ki hama usa AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke rasa kA rasAsvAdana nahIM karate haiN| vyakti jaise hI vItarAga, vItatRSNA yA anAsakta kI bhUmikA kA sparza karatA hai, usake sAmane ye sAre nAmoM ke vivAda nirarthaka ho jAte haiN| satarahavIM zatAbdI ke AdhyAtmika sAdhaka AnaMdaghana kahate haiM rAma kaho rahimAna kaho kou kANha kaho mahAdeva rii| . pArasanAtha kaho kou brahmA sakala brahma svayameva rii|| bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA eka mRtikA kA rUpa rii| tAte khaMDa kalpanAropita Apa akhaMDa arUpa rI // rAma-rahIma, kRSNa-karIma, mahAdeva aura pArzvanAtha sabhI eka hI satya ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| jaise eka hI miTTI se bane vibhinna pAtra alaga-alaga nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiM, kiMtu unakI miTTI mUlataH eka hI hai| vastutaH ArAdhya ke nAmoM kI yaha bhinnatA vAstavika bhinnatA nahIM hai| yaha bhASAgata bhinnatA hai, svarUpagata bhinnatA nahIM hai| ataH isa AdhAra para vivAda aura saMgharSa nirarthaka hai tathA vivAda karane vAle logoM kI alpabuddhi ke hI paricAyaka haiN| dhArmika saMgharSa kA niyaMtraka tatva-prajJA. dharma ke kSetra meM anudAratA aura asahiSNutA ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki hama dhArmika jIvana meM buddhi yA viveka ke tatvoM ko nakAra kara zraddhA ko hI ekamAtra AdhAra mAna lete haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki dharma zraddhA para TikA huA hai dhArmika jIvana ke AdhAra hamAre vizvAsa aura AsthAeM haiM, lekina hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki yadi hamAre ye vizvAsa aura AsthAeM viveka-buddhi ko nakAra kara caleMge to ve aMdhavizvAsoM meM pariNita ho jAeMge aura ye aMdhavizvAsa hI dhArmika saMgharSoM ke mUla kAraNa haiN| dhArmika jIvana meM viveka-buddhi yA prajJA ko zraddhA kA praharI banAyA jAnA cAhie, anyathA hama aMdha-zraddhA se kabhI bhI mukta nahIM ho skeNge| Aja kA yuga vijJAna aura tarka kA yuga hai, phira bhI hamArA adhikAMza janasamAja, jo azikSita hai, vaha zraddhA ke bala para jItA hai| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki zraddhA yadi viveka pradhAna nahIM hotI to.vaha sarvAdhika (124)

Page #129
ghAtaka hotii| isIlie jaina AcAryoM ne apane mokSamArga kI vivecanA meM samyagdarzana ke sAtha-sAtha samyagjJAna ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI jaba AcAra ke bAhya vidhi-niSedhoM ko lekara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI saMgha-vyavasthA meM jo matabheda the, unheM sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA, taba usake lie zraddhA ke sthAna para prajJA arthAt viveka-buddhi ko hI pradhAnatA dI gii| uttarAdhyayanasUtra teIsaveM adhyayana meM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke tatkAlIna pramukha AcArya kezI mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya iMdrabhUti gautama se yaha prazna karate haiM ki eka hI lakSya kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke AcAra-niyamoM meM yaha aMtara kyoM hai? isase samAja meM matibhrama utpanna hotA hai ki - pannA samikkhae dhammaM tattaM tattaviNicchayA arthAt dhArmika AcAra ke niyamoM kI samIkSA aura mUlyAMkana prajJA ke dvArA karanA caahie| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dhArmika jIvana meM akelI zraddhA hI AdhArabhUta nahIM mAnI jAnI cAhie, usake sAtha-sAtha tarka-buddhi, prajJA evaM viveka ko bhI sthAna milanA caahie| bhagavAn buddha ne AlArakalAma ko kahA thA ki tuma kisI ke vacanoM ko kevala isalie svIkAra mata karo ki inakA kahane vAlA zramaNa hamArA pUjya hai| he kalAmoM! jaba tuma AtmAnubhava se apane Apa hI yaha jAna lo ki ye bAteM kuzala haiM, ye bAteM nirdoSa haiM, inake anusAra calane se hita hotA hai, sukha hotA hai, tabhI unheM svIkAra kro| eka anya bauddha graMtha tatvasaMgraha meM bhI kahA gayA hai - tApAcchedAcca nikaSAt suvarNamiva pnndditaiH| parIkSya bhikSavo grAhyaM madvaco na tu gaurvaat||1 . jisa prakAra svarNa ko kATakara, chedakara, kasakara aura tapAkara parIkSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra se dharma kI bhI parIkSA kI jAnI caahie| use kevala zAstA ke prati AdarabhAva ke kAraNa svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| dhArmika jIvana meM jaba taka viveka yA prajJA ko vizvAsa aura AsthA kA niyaMtraka nahIM mAnA jAegA, taba taka hama mAnava jAti ko dhArmika saMgharSoM aura dharma ke nAma para khelI jAne vAlI khUna kI holI se nahIM bacA skeNge| zraddhA bhAvanA pradhAna hai, bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3anA sahaja hotA hai| ataH dharma ke nAma para apane nihita svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie sAmAnya janamAnasa kI bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3akara use unmAdI banA dete haiM tathA zAstra meM se koI eka vacana prastuta kara use isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita karate haiM ki jisase logoM kI bhAvanAeM yA dharmonmAda ubhar3e aura unheM (125)

Page #130
apane nihita svArthoM kI siddhi kA avasara mile| ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki zAstra meM eka zabda kA bhI parivartana karanA yA zAstra kI avahelanA karanA bahuta bar3A pApa hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, ve janasAmAnya ko zAstra ke adhyayana kA anadhikArI mAnakara apane ko hI zAstra kA ekamAtra saccA vyAkhyAtA siddha karate haiM aura zAstra ke nAma para janatA ko mUrkha banAkara apanA hita sAdhana karate rahate haiN| dharma ke nAma para yugoM-yugoM se janatA kA isI prakAra zoSaNa hotA rahA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki zAstra kI sArI bAtoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ko viveka kI tarAjU para taulA jaae| unake sAre niyamoM aura maryAdAoM kA yugIna saMdarbha meM mUlyAMkana aura samIkSA kI jaae| jaba taka yaha saba nahIM hotA hai, taba taka dhArmika jIvana meM AI huI saMkIrNatA ko miTA pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| viveka hI aisA tatva hai jo hamArI dRSTi ko udAra aura vyApaka banAtA hai| zraddhA Avazyaka hai kiMtu use viveka kA anugAmI honA caahie| vivekayukta zraddhA hI samyak zraddhA hai| vahI hameM satya kA darzana karA sakatI hai| viveka se rahita zraddhA aMdha-zraddhA hogI aura usake AdhAra para aMdhavizvAsoM ke zikAra bneNge| Aja dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA ke lie zraddhA ko viveka se samanvita kiyA jAnA caahie| isalie jainAcAryoM ne kahA thA ki samyagjJAna aura samyagdarzana (zraddhA) meM eka sAmaMjasya honA caahie| jaina dharma meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kA AdhAra-anekAMtavAda jaina AcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai ki paramArtha, sat yA vastutatvaaneka vizeSatAoM aura guNoM kA puMja hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'vastutatva anaMtadharmAtmaka hai| use aneka dRSTiyoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai aura kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH usake sambaMdha meM koI bhI nirNaya nirapekSa aura pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| vastutatva ke sambaMdha meM hamArA jJAna aura kathana donoM hI sApekSa hai arthAt ve kisI saMdarbha yA dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para hI satya haiN| AMzika evaM sApekSa jJAna/kathana ko yA apane se virodhI jJAna/kathana ko asatya kahakara nakArane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| ise hama nimna udAharaNa se spaSTatayA. samajha sakate haiMkalpanA kIjie ki aneka vyakti apane-apane kaimaroM se vibhinna koNeM se eka vRkSa kA citra lete haiN| aisI sthiti meM sarvaprathama to hama yaha dekheMge ki eka hI vRkSa ke vibhinna koNoM se, vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke dvArA hajAroM-hajAra citra lie jA sakate haiN| sAtha hI ina hajAroM-hajAra citroM ke bAvajUda bhI vRkSa kA bahuta kucha bhAga aisA hai jo kaimaroM kI pakar3a se achUtA raha gayA hai| punaH jo hajAroM-hajAra citra bhinna-bhinna koNoM se lie gae haiM, ve eka-dUsare se bhinnatA rakhate haiN| yadyapi ve sabhI usI vRkSa ke citra haiN| kevala usI sthiti (126)

Page #131
meM do citra samAna hoMge jaba unakA koNa aura vaha sthala, jahAM se vaha citra liyA gayA hai- eka hI ho| apUrNatA aura bhinnatA donoM hI bAteM ina citroM meM haiN| yahI bAta mAnavIya jJAna ke sambaMdha meM bhI hai| manuSya kI jJAnendriyoM kI kSamatA aura zakti sImita hai| vaha eka apUrNa prANI hai| apUrNa ke dvArA pUrNa ko jAnane ke samasta prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM jA sakate haiN| hamArA jJAna, jaba taka ki vaha aindrikatA kA atikramaNa nahIM kara jAtA, sadaiva AMzika aura apUrNa hotA hai| isI AMzika jJAna ko jaba pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA hai, to vivAda aura vaicArika saMgharSoM kA janma hotA hai| uparyukta udAharaNa meM vRkSa ke sabhI citra usake kisI eka aMza vizeSa ko hI abhivyakta karate haiN| vRkSa ke ina sabhI apUrNa evaM bhinna-bhinna aura do virodhI koNoM ke lie jAne ke kAraNa kisI sImA taka paraspara virodhI aneka citroM meM hama yaha kahane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakate haiM ki yaha citra usa vRkSa kA nahIM hai athavA yaha citra asatya hai| isI prakAra hamAre AMzika dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita sApekSa jJAna ko yaha adhikAra nahIM hai ki vaha apane se virodhI mantavyoM ko asatya kahakara nakAra de| vastutaH hamArI aindrika kSamatA, tarkabuddhi, zabdasAmarthya aura bhASAyI abhivyakti sabhI apUrNa, sImita aura sApekSa hai| ye sampUrNa satya kI eka sAtha abhivyakti meM sakSama nahIM hai| mAnava buddhi sampUrNa satya kA nahIM, apitu usake ekAMza kA grahaNa kara sakatI hai| tatva yA sattA ajJeya to nahIM hai, kiMtu binA pUrNatA ko prApta hue use pUrNarUpa se jAnA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| AinsaTIna ne kahA thA- hama sApekSa satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI nirapekSa draSTA hI jaanegaa| jaba taka hamArA jJAna apUrNa, sImita yA sApekSa hai taba taka hameM dUsaroM ke jJAna aura anubhava ko, cAhe vaha hamAre jJAna kA virodhI kyoM na ho, asatya kahakara niSedha karane kA koI adhikArI nahIM hai| AMzika satya kA jJAna dUsaroM ke dvArA prApta jJAna kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha kahanA ki merI dRSTi hI satya hai, satya mere hI pAsa hai, dArzanika dRSTi se eka bhrAMta dhAraNA hI hai| yadyapi jainoM ke anusAra sarvajJa yA pUrNa-puruSa saMpUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, phira bhI usakA jJAna aura kathana usI prakAra nirapekSa (apekSA se rahita) nahIM ho sakatA hai, jisa prakAra binA kisI koNa ke kisI bhI vastu kA koI bhI citra nahIM liyA jA sakatA hai| pUrNa satya kA bodha cAhe sambhava ho, kiMtu use na to nirapekSa rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai aura na kahA hI jA sakatA . hai| usakI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha AMzika aura . sApekSa banakara hI raha jAtA hai| pUrNa-puruSa ko bhI hameM samajhAne ke lie hamArI usI bhASA (127)

Page #132
kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai jo sImita, sApekSa aura apUrNa hai| hai' aura 'nahIM hai' kI sImA se ghirI huI bhASA pUrNa satya kA prakaTana kaise kregii| isIlie jaina paramparA meM kahAM gayA hai ki koI bhI vacana (jinavacana bhI) naya (dRSTikoNa vizeSa) se rahita nahIM hotA hai arthAt sarvajJa ke kathana bhI sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nahIM hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra jaba sApekSa satya ko nirapekSa rUpa se dUsare satyoM kA niSedhaka mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha asatya bana jAtA hai aura ise hI jainoM kI paramparAgata zabdAvalI meM mithyAtva kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra alaga-alaga koNoM se lie gae citra paraspara bhinna-bhinna aura virodhI hokara bhI eka sAtha yathArtha ke paricAyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra alaga-alaga saMdarbho meM kahe gae bhinna-bhinna vicAra paraspara virodhI hote hue bhI satya ho sakate haiN| satya kevala utanA nahIM hai, jitanA hama jAnate haiN| ataH hameM apane virodhiyoM ke satya kA niSedha karane kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| vastutaH satya kevala tabhI asatya banatA hai, jaba hama usa apekSA yA dRSTikoNa ko dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiM, jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra citra meM vastu kI sahI sthiti ko samajhane ke lie usa koNa kA bhI jJAna apekSita hotA hai, usI prakAra vANI meM prakaTa satya ko samajhane ke lie usa dRSTikoNa kA vicAra apekSita hai jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| samagra kathana saMdarbha sahita hote haiM aura una saMdarbho se alaga haTakara unheM nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| jo jJAna saMdarbha rahita hai, vA sApekSa hai aura jo sApekSa hai, vaha apanI satyatA kA dAvA karate hue bhI dUsare kI satya kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| satya ke sambaMdha meM yahI eka aisA dRSTikoNa hai jo vibhinna dharma aura sampradAyoM kI sApekSika satyatA evaM mUlyavattA ko svIkAra kara unameM paraspara sauhArdra aura samanvaya sthApita kara sakatA hai| anekAMta kI AdhArabhUmi para hI yaha mAnanA sambhava hai ki hamAre aura hamAre virodhI ke vizvAsa aura kathana do bhinna-bhinna pariprekSyoM meM eka sAtha satya ho sakate haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara sanmatitarka meM kahate haiM - NiyayavayaNijasaccA savvanayA paraviyAlaNe mohaa| te uNa Na diTThasamao vibhayai sacce va alie vaa||24 arthAt sabhI naya (arthAt sApekSika vaktavya) apane-apane dRSTikoNa se satya haiN| ve asatya tabhI hote haiM, jaba ve apane se virodhI dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para kie gae kathanoM kA niSedha karate haiN| isIlie anekAMta dRSTi kA samarthaka yA zAstra kA jJAtA una paraspara virodhI sApekSika kathanoM meM aisA vibhAjana nahIM karatA hai ki ye sacce haiM aura ye jhUThe haiN| kisI kathana yA vizvAsa kI satyatA aura asatyatA usa saMdarbha athavA dRSTikoNa (128)

Page #133
vizeSa para nirbhara karatI hai jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| vastutaH yadi hamArI dRSTi udAra aura vyApaka hai, to hameM paraspara virodhI kathanoM kI sApekSika, satyatA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna dharmavAdoM meM pArasparika vivAda yA saMgharSa kA koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM bctaa| jisa prakAra paraspara jhagar3ane vAle vyakti kisI taTastha vyakti ke adhIna hokara mitratA ko prApta kara lete haiM, usI prakAra paraspara virodhI vicAra aura vizvAsa anekAMta kI udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi ke adhIna hokara pArasparika virodha ko bhUla jAte haiN| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI likhate haiM yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tnyessviv| tasyAnekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhikazemuSI // tena syAdvAdamAlaMbya sarvadarzanatulyatAm / mokSoddezAvizeSaNaM yaH pazyati sa zAstravit // mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArthoM yena tacyAru sidhyati / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyadvAlizavalganam // mAdhyasthyasahitaM hokapadajJAnamapi prmaa| . zAstrakoTirvathaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA // arthAt saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA hai| vaha sampUrNa dRSTikoNoM (darzanoM) ko isa prakAra vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai, jisa prakAra koI pitA apane putra ko| eka sacce anekAMtavAdI kI dRSTi nyUnAdhika nahIM hotI hai| vaha sabhI ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai arthAt pratyeka vicAradhArA yA dharma-siddhAMta kI satyatA kA vizeSa pariprekSya meM darzana karatA hai| Age ve punaH kahate haiM ki saccA zAstrajJa kahe jAne kA adhikArI vahI hai jo syAdvAda arthAt udAra dRSTikoNa kA Alambana lekara sampUrNa vicAradhArAoM ko samAna bhAva se dekhatA hai| vastutaH mAdhyasthabhAva hI zAstroM kA gUDha rahasya hai aura yahI saccA dharmavAda hai| mAdhyasthabhAva arthAt udAra dRSTikoNa ke rahane para zAstra ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA karor3oM zAstroM kA jJAna bhI vRthA hai| jaina dharma aura dhArmika sahiSNutA ke prasaMga jainAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa prArambha se hI udAra aura vyApaka rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne dUsarI vicAradhArAoM aura vizvAsoM ke logoM kA sadaiva Adara kiyA hai| isakA sabase mahatvapUrNa udAharaNa jaina paramparA kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai-Rssibhaassit| .. RSibhASita ke aMtargata una paiMtAlIsa arhat RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai, jinameM (129)

Page #134
pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara lagabhaga sabhI jainetara paramparAoM ke haiN| nArada, bhAradvAja, nami, rAmaputra, zAkyaputra gautama, maMkhali gozAla Adi aneka dharmamArga ke pravartakoM evaM AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA isameM jisa Adara ke sAtha saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, vaha dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai| ina sabhI ko arhat RSi kahA gayA hai aura inake vacanoM ko AgamavANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sambhavataH prAcIna dhArmika sAhitya meM yahI ekamAtra aisA udAharaNa hai, jahAM virodhI vicAradhArA aura vizvAsoM ke vyaktiyoM ke vacanoM ko AgamavANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara samAdara ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA ho| jaina paramparA kI dhArmika udAratA kI paricAyaka sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kI pUrvanirdiSTa vaha gAthA bhI hai, jisameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM aura dUsaroM ke matoM kI niMdA karate haiM tathA unake prati vidveSabhAva rakhate haiM, ve saMsAracakra meM paribhramita hote rahate haiN| sambhavataH dhArmika udAratA ke lie isase mahatvapUrNa aura koI vacana nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM jaina AcAryoM ne bhI dUsarI vicAradhArAoM aura mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI hai, kiMtu una saMdarbho meM bhI kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA hameM eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA paricaya milatA hai| hama sUtrakRtAMga kA hI udAharaNa leM, usameM aneka virodhI vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| kiMtu zAlInatA yaha hai ki kahIM bhI kisI dharmamArga yA dharmapravartaka para vaiyaktika chIMTAkazI nahIM hai| graMthakAra kevala unakI vicAradhArAoM kA ullekha karatA hai, unake mAnane vAloM kA nAmollekha nahIM karatA hai| vaha kevala itanA kahatA hai ki kucha logoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai yA kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM, jo ki saMgatipUrNa hai| isa prakAra vaiyaktika yA nAmapUrvaka samAlocanA se, jo ki vivAda yA saMgharSa kA kAraNa ho sakatI hai, vaha sadaiva dUra rahatA hai|28 jainAgama sAhitya meM hama aise aneka saMdarbha bhI pAte haiM, jahAM apane se virodhI vicAroM aura vizvAsoM ke logoM ke prati samAdara dikhAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama AcArAMgasUtra meM jaina muni ko yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha apanI bhikSAvRtti ke lie isa prakAra jAe ki anya paramparAoM ke zramaNoM, parivrAjakoM aura bhikSuoM ko bhikSA prApta karane meM koI bAdhA na ho| yadi vaha dekhe ki anya paramparA ke zramaNa yA bhikSu kisI gRhastha upAsaka ke dvAra para upasthita hai to vaha yA to bhikSA ke lie Age prasthAna kara jAe yA phira sabake pIche isa prakAra khar3A rahe ki unheM bhikSAprApti meM koI bAdhA na ho| mAtra yahI nahIM yadi gRhastha upAsaka use aura anya paramparAoM ke bhikSuoM ke (130)

Page #135
sammilita upabhoga ke lie jaina bhikSu ko yaha kahakara bhikSA de ki Apa saba milakara khA lenA, jo aisI sthiti meM jaina bhikSu kA yaha dAyitva hai ki vaha samAnarUpa se usa bhikSA ko sabhI meM vitarita kre| vaha na to bhikSA meM prApta acchI sAmagrI ko apane lie rakhe na bhikSA kA adhika aMza hI grahaNa kre| ____bhagavatIsUtra ke aMdara hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha aMtevAsI gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama ko milane ke lie unakA pUrvaparicita mitra skaMdha, jo ki anya paramparA ke parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM dIkSita ho gayA thA, AtA hai to mahAvIra svayaM gautama ko usake sammAna aura svAgata kA Adeza dete haiN| gautama Age bar3hakara apane mitra kA svAgata karate haiM aura kahate haiM- he skaMdha! tumhArA svAgata hai, susvAgata hai| anya paramparA ke zramaNoM aura parivrAjakoM ke prati isa prakAra kA sammAna evaM AdarabhAva nizcita hI dhArmika sahiSNutA aura pArasparika sadbhAva meM vRddhi karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke tatkAlIna pramukha AcArya zramaNakezI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama jaba saMyoga se eka hI samaya zrAvastI meM upasthita hote haiM to ve donoM paramparAoM ke pArasparika matabhedoM ko dUra karane ke lie paraspara sauhArdrapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM milate haiN| eka ora jyeSThakula kA vicAra kara gautama svayaM zramaNakezI ke pAsa jAte haiM to dUsarI ora zramaNakezI unheM zramaNaparyAya meM jyeSTha mAnakara pUrA samAdara pradAna karate haiN| jisa sauhArdrapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM vaha carcA calatI hai aura pArasparika matabhedoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saba dhArmika sahiSNutA aura udAra dRSTikoNa kA eka adbhuta udAharaNa hai|" . dUsarI dharma paramparAoM aura sampradAyoM ke prati aisA hI udAra aura samAdara kA bhAva hameM AcArya haribhadra ke graMthoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| haribhadra saMyoga se usa yuga meM utpanna hue jaba pArasparika AlocanA-pratyAlocanA apanI carama sImA para thii| phira bhI haribhadra na kevala apanI samAlocanAoM meM saMyata rahe apitu unhoMne sadaiva hI anya paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ke prati AdarabhAva prastuta kiyaa| zAstravArtAsamuccaya unakI isa udAravRtti aura sahiSNudRSTi kI paricAyaka eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| bauddha darzana kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karane ke uparAMta ve kahate haiM ki buddha ne jina kSaNikavAda, anAtmavAda aura zUnyavAda ke siddhAMtoM kA upadeza diyA, vaha vastutaH mamatva ke vinAza aura tRSNA ke uccheda ke lie Avazyaka hI thA ve bhagavAn buddha ko arhat, mahAmuni aura suvaidya kI upamA dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra eka acchA vaidya rogI ke roga (131)

Page #136
__ aura prakRti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka hI roga ke lie bhinna-bhinna rogiyoM ko bhinna bhinna auSadhi pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne apane anuyAyiyoM ke vibhinna staroM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ina vibhinna siddhAMtoM kA upadeza diyA hai| aisA hI udAra dRSTikoNa ve sAMkhya darzana ke prastotA mahAmuni kapila aura nyAyadarzana ke pratipAdakoM ke prati bhI vyakta karate haiN| kapila ke lie bhI ve mahAmuni zabda kA prayoga kara apanA Adara bhAva prakaTa karate haiN| vibhinna virodhI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM kisa prakAra saMgati sthApita kI jA sakatI hai isakA eka acchA udAharaNa unakA yaha graMtha hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha jainAcArya hemacaMdra ne bhI isI prakAra mArmika sahiSNutA aura udAravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| unhoMne na kevala bhagavAn ziva kI stuti meM mahAdevastotra kI racanA kI apitu zivamaMdira meM jAkara ziva kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA - jisane saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM ko kSINa kara diyA hai, use maiM praNAma karatA hUM cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho yA jinA jainoM kI isa dhArmika udAratA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki mahArAjA kumArapAla aura viSNuvardhana ne jaina hokara bhI ziva aura viSNu ke aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA aura unakI vyavasthA ke lie bhUmidAna kiyaa| kumArapAla ke dharmaguru AcArya hemacaMdra ne na kevala usakI isa udAravRtti ko protsAhita kiyA apitu zivamaMdira meM svayaM upasthita hokara apane udAravRtti kA paricaya bhI diyaa| hemacaMdra ke samAna isa udAra paramparA kA nirvAha anya jainAcAryoM ne bhI kiyA thA, jisake abhilekhIya pramANa Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| digambara jainAcArya rAmakIrti ne tokalajI meM maMdira ke lie aura zvetAmbara AcArya jayamaMgalasUri ne cAmuNDA ke maMdira ke lie prazasti-kAvya likhe| upAdhyAya yazovijaya kI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara hI cuke hai| unakA yaha kahanA ki mAdhyastha yA sahiSNu bhAva hI dharmavAda hai, dhArmika sahiSNutA kA mudrAlekha hai| isI prakAra jaina rahasyavAdI santakavi AnaMdaghana bhI kahate haiM - SaDadarzana jina aMgabhaNoje nyAyaSaDaMga je sAdhe re| namijinavaranA carama upAsaka SaDdarzana ArAdhe re|| arthAt sabhI darzana jina ke aMga haiM aura jina kA upAsaka sabhI darzanoM kI upAsanA karatA hai| jainoM kI yaha udAra aura sahiSNuvRtti vartamAna yuga taka yathArthataH jIvita hai| Aja bhI jainoM kI sarvapriya prArthanA kA prArambha isI udAra bhAva ke sAtha hotA hai (132) -

Page #137
jisane rAgadveSa kAmAdika jIte, saba jaga jAna liyaa| saba jIkoM ko mokSa mArga kA, nispRha ho upadeza diyaa| buddha vIra jina hari hara brahmA, yA usako svAdhIna kho| bhaktibhAva se prerita ho, yaha citta usI meM lIna rho| vastutaH yadi hama vizva meM zAMti kI sthApanA cAhate haiM, yadi hama cAhate haiM ki manuSya-manuSya ke bIca ghRNA aura vidveSa kI bhAvanAeM samApta hoM aura sabhI eka-dUsare ke vikAsa meM sahayogI baneM, to hameM AcArya amitagati ke nimna cAra sUtroM ko apane jIvana meM apanAnA hogaa| ve kahate haiM - satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu dev|| he prabhu ! prANImAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva, guNIjanoM ke prati samAdarabhAva, duHkha evaM pIr3ita janoM ke prati kRpAbhAva tathA virodhiyoM ke prati mAdhyasthabhAva - samatAbhAva merI AtmA meM sadaiva rhe| saMdarbha1. AyANe ajjo samAie, AyANe ajo samAiyassa aTTha- vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni,prakA.zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara,1992,1/9. samiyAe dhamme AriehiM paveie - AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/8/3. 3. . dharma jIvana jIne kI kalA - pR. 7-8. 4. yogadRSTisamuccaya, haribhadra, vijaya kamala kezara graMthamAlA, khambhAt, vi.saM. 1992, 137. AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/4/2. 6. yogadRSTisamuccaya, haribhadra, vijaya kamala kezara graMthamAlA, samvat, vi.saM. 1992, 133. NANAjIvA NANA kammaM NANAvihaM have lddhii| tamhA vayaNavivAdaM sagaparasamaehiM vjjijo|| - niyamasAra, anu. . (133) 7.. NANAjAvA

Page #138
paM. parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha, prakA. satsAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda mahAna jaina digambara tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura, 1988, 156 / evAI micchaddihissa micchattapariggahiyAI micchasuyaM eyANi ceva sammadiTThissa sammattaparirahiyAI sammasuyaM ahavA micchadiTThissa vi sammasuyaM kamhA? sammattaheuttaNao, jamhA te micchadiTThiyA tehiM ceva samaehiM coiyA samANA kei sapakkhadiTThIo vayeti se taM ... micchasuyaM / naMdIsUtra, prakA. dharmadAsa jaina mitra maMDala, ratalAma, saM. 2005, 72 / / 9 a. bhagavatI-abhayadevakRta vRtti, prakA. kezarImala jaina, zvetAmbara saMsthA , sUrata, 1937, 14/7 pR. 1988 / (ba) mukkhamagga pavanAnaM sineho vjjsiNkhlaa| vIre jIvantae jAo goyama jaM na kevli|| - uddhRtata kalpasUtra TIkA vinayavijaya, prakA. hIrAlAla jaina, jAmanagara, 1939, pR.120| , 10. sammattaM ceva micchattaM, sammAmicchattameva y| . eyAo tinnipayaDIo mohaNijjassa daMsaNe // - uttarAdhyayana saMpA.- sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 33/9 / vahI, 25/31-32 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 1/1/2/23. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 3/69 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA. sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 36/49 / sambodhasaptatikA, anu. DaoN. ravizaMkara mizra, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1986, 2 / upadezataraMgiNI, saMpA. vijaya jineMdrasUri, prakA. zrI harSa puSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA, saurASTra, 1986, 1/81 . .. (134) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16

Page #139
24.. 17. lokatatvanirNaya, 140. 18. mahAdevastotra, 44. 19. . yogadRSTisammuccaya, haribhadra, prakA. vijaya kamala kezara graMthamAlA, khambhAt, vi.saM. 1992, 130. 20. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA. sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 23/25. tatvasaMgraha, saMpA. dvArikA prasAda zAstrI, prakA. bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1968, 3588 / anantadharmAtmakameva tatvam, 22-anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, hemacaMdra, prakA. jaina graMtha prakAzana sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1996 __natthi nayahiMvihUNaM suttaM attho ya jiNavaye kiMci ... - Avazyakaniyukti, 544 / / sanmatitarka, saMpA. sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA. pUMjIbhAI graMthamAlA kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1932, 1.28 / 25. savve samayaMti sammaM cegavasAo nayA viruddhA vi| micca vavahAriNo iva, rAAdAsINa vsvttii|| - vizeSA. bhASya, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa TIkA hemacaMdra, prakA. harSacaMdra bhUrAbhAI, banArasa, saM. 2441, 22671. 26. . adhyAtmopaniSad, yazovijaya, nyAyAcAra yazovijayakRta . . graMthamAlA, prakA. zrI jainadharma prakAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. - 1965, 61, 70, 71, 73 / 27. arahatA isiNA buiyaM-isibhAsiyAI, saMpA. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prakA. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988, 1 evamege u pAsatthA te bhujjo vippgbbhiyaa| - evaM uvaTThitA saMtA Na te dukkhvimokkhyaa|| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 1/2/31-32 AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 2/1/5/29 / (135) 28. vo

Page #140
31. 30. he khaMdayA ! sAgayaM, khaMdayA ! susAgayaM - bhagavatIsUtra, saMpA. ghAsIlAla jI, prakA. a.bhA.zce, sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1962 / uttarAdhyayana saMpA. sAdhavI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, adhyAya 23 / dekheM - zAstravArtAsamuccaya, haribhadrasUri, prakA. lAlabhAI, dalapatabhAI bhAratIya vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1968,3/206, 3/237, 6/64-67 / 33. sAmAyikapATha, saMpA. premarAja bogAvata, prakA. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1975, 1 / (136)

Page #141
dharma kA marma : bhAratIya-jIvana dRSTi - dharmazabda jise aMgrejI meM Religion (rilIjana) kahA jAtA hai, usakI vyutpatti hameM yaha batAtI hai ki dharma eka yojaka tatva hai, vaha jor3atA hai| rilIjana zabda rI + lIjera se banA hai| jisakA artha hotA hai- punaH jor3ane vaalaa| jabaki sampradAya yA School zabda vibhAjana kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra jahAM dharma kA kArya jor3anA hai, vahAM sampradAya kA kArya vibhAjita karanA hai| yadi hama isa AdhAra para hI koI niSkarSa nikAleM to hameM kahanA hogA ki sAmpradAyikatA meM dharma nahIM (rahA huA) hai| dharma meM rahakara to sampradAya meM rahA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu sampradAya meM rahakara koI dharma meM nahIM raha sakatA hai| yadi ise aura adhika spaSTa kareM to isakA tAtparya hogA ki yadi vyakti dhArmika hai aura vaha kisI sampradAya se jur3A hai to vaha burA nahIM, kiMtu yadi vyakti sampradAya meM hI jItA hai aura dharma meM nahIM, to vaha nizcaya hI samAja ke lie eka ciMtA kA viSaya hai| Aja sthiti yaha hai ki hama saba sampradAyoM meM jIte haiM, dharma meM nhiiN| isIlie Aja sAmpradAyikatA mAnava mAtra ke lie khatarA bana rahI hai| dharma svabhAva hai, vaha AMtarika hai| sampradAya kA sambaMdha AcAra kI bAhya rur3hiyoM taka sImita hai isalie vaha bAharI hai| sampradAya yadi dharma se rahita hai to vaha ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise AtmA se rahita zarIra! sampradAya dharma kA zarIra hai aura zarIra kA honA burA bhI nahIM, kiMtu jisa prakAra zarIra meM se AtmA ke nikala jAne ke bAda vaha zava ho jAtA hai aura pariveza meM sar3AMdha va durgaMdha phailAtA hai usI prakAra dharma se rahita sampradAya bhI samAja meM ghRNA aura arAjakatA utpanna karate haiM, sAmAjika jIvana ko galita va sar3AMdhayukta banAte haiN| zAyada yahAM pUchA jA sakatA hai ki dharma aura sampradAya meM aMtara kA AdhAra kyA hai ? vastutaH dharma AsthA / niSThA ke sAtha mAnavIya sadguNoM ko jIvana meM jIne ke prayAsa se bhI jur3A hai, jabaki sampradAya kevala kucha rur3ha kriyAoM ko hI pakar3akara calatA hai| naitika sadguNa traikAlika satya haiM, ve sadaiva zubha haiN| jabaki sAmpradAyika rur3hiyoM kA mUlya yuga vizeSa aura samAja vizeSa meM hI hotA hai ataH ve sApekSa haiN| jaba ina sApekSika satyoM ko hI eka sArvabhauma satya mAna liyA jAtA hai to isI se sampradAyavAda kA janma hotA hai| yaha sampradAyavAda vaimanasya aura ghRNA ke bIja botA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM dharma Apasa meM prema karanA sikhAtA hai vahIM (137)

Page #142
sampradAya Apasa meM ghRNA ke bIja botA hai| yadi hama dharmoM ke mUla sAratatva ko dekheM to unameM koI bahuta bar3A aMtara najara nahIM AtA, kyoMki sabhI dharmoM kI mUlabhUta zikSAeM samAna hI haiN| na kevala mUlabhUta zikSAeM hI samAna haiM apitu sabhI kA vyAvahArika lakSaNa bhI samAna hai| ve manuSya ko eka aisI jIvana zailI pradAna karate haiM jisameM vyakti aura samAja donoM hI zAMti va sukha kA anubhava kara skeN| kisI kavi ne kahA hai - na hindU burA hai na musalamAM burA hai| . . . burA vaha hai jisakA dila burA hai| sampradAya vaha raMgIna cazmA hai jo sabako apane hI raMga meM dekhanA cAhatA hai aura jo bhI use apane se bhinna raMga meM dikhAI detA hai use vaha galata mAna letA hai| jabaki dharma khulI AMkhoM se usa sArabhUta tatva ko dekhatA hai, jo sabhI ke mUla meM samAna rUpa se samAyA huA hai| isIlie dhArmika hokara to sampradAya meM huA jA sakatA hai, kiMtu sampradAya meM hokara koI vyakti dharma meM nahIM ho sktaa| sampradAya dharma sAdhanA kI eka viziSTa prakriyA ko apanAne vAle logoM kA eka samUha hai, kiMtu jaba yahI loga dharma ke mUla utsa ko chor3akara mAtra bAhya kriyAkANDoM ko hI saba kucha samajha lete haiM to ve dhArmika na rahakara sAmpradAyika bana jAte haiM aura yahI sAmpradAyikatA burI hai| pUrva meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki sampradAyoM meM dharma nahIM, usakA tAtparya yahI hai ki sAmpradAyika AgrahoM ke sAtha koI vyakti dhArmika nahIM ho sktaa| dharma ko yadi hama keMdra-biMdu mAneM to sampradAya vyakti rUpI paridhi-biMdu ko keMdra se jor3ane vAlI trijyA rekhA ke samAna hai| eka keMdra-biMdu se paridhi-biMduoM ko jor3ane vAlI aneka rekhAeM khIMcI jA sakatI hai| yadi ve sabhI rekhAeM paridhi-biMdu ko keMdra se jor3atI haiM taba to ve eka-dUsare ko nahIM kATatI apitu eka-dUsare se milatI hai kiMtu koI bhI rekhA jaba keMdra kA parityAga kara calatI hai to vaha dUsare ko kATane lagatI hai, yahI sthiti sampradAya kI hai| sampradAya jaba taka dharma kI ora unmukha hai taba taka ve eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3e nahIM hote, kiMtu jaba jaba sampradAya dharma se vimukha ho jAte haiM to ve eka dUsare ko kATane lagate haiN| yadi vibhinna sampradAya paraspara saujanya evaM sahiSNutA ke sAtha jIvita haiM to ve vastutaH dharma hI haiM, kyoMki unake mUla meM dhArmikatA kA utsa samAyA huA hai, kiMtu jaba ve sampradAya eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3e hote haiM to ve 'sampradAya' hote haiM, 'dharma' nahIM, aura aise dharmarahita sampradAya hI sAmAjika jIvana meM asadbhAva aura vaimanasya ko janma dete haiN| (138)

Page #143
dharma ke do pakSa hote haiM - eka usakA zAzvata aura sArvabhauma pakSa hotA hai tathA dUsarA daizika aura kAlika pakSA dharma kA zAzvata aura sArvabhauma pakSa usakA sAratatva kahA jA sakatA hai, jabaki daizika aura kAlika pakSa usakA bAhyarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai, jo ki samaya-samaya para parivartita hotA rahatA hai| dhArmika asahiSNutA kA janma taba hotA hai jaba hama dharma ke isa rur3higata bAhya rUpa ko hI usakA sarvasva mAna lete haiM aura dharma ke mUla utsa ko bhulA dete haiN| manuSya ne dharma ke sAratatva ke AcaraNa para bala na dekara rur3hiyoM aura karmakANDoM ko hI dharma kA sarvasva mAna liyaa| pariNAmataH dharmoM kI mUlabhUta ekatA vismRta ho gaI aura usake bheda kI pramukha bana ge| isakI phalazruti dhArmika asahiSNutA aura dhArmika saMgharSoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa huii| yadi hama dharma ke mUla utsa aura zikSAoM ko dekheM to mUsA kI dasa AjJAeM, IsA ke parvata para ke upadeza, buddha ke paMcazIla, mahAvarI ke paMcamahAvrata, aura pataMjali ke paMcayama eka-dUsare se adhika bhinna nahIM haiN| vastutaH ye dharma kI mUlabhUta zikSAeM haiM aura inheM jIvana meM jIkara vyakti na kevala eka acchA IsAI, jaina, bauddha yA hindU banatA hai apitu vaha sacce artha meM dhArmika bhI banatA hai| durbhAgya se Aja dhArmika sAmpradAyikatA ne punaH mAnava samAja ko apanI giraphta meM le liyA hai aura dharma ke kucha tathAkathita ThekedAra apanI kSudra aiSaNAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke lie dharma ke nAma para mAnava samAja meM na kevala bikharAva paidA kara rahe haiM, apitu ve eka varga ko dUsare varga ke viruddha ubhAr3a rahe haiN| manuSya kI duvidhA-adhyAtmavAda / bhautikavAda Aja manuSya azAMta, vikSubdha evaM tanAvapUrNa sthiti meM hai| bauddhika vikAsa se prApta vizAla jJAna-rAzi aura vaijJAnika takanIka se prApta bhautika sukha-suvidhA evaM Arthika samRddhi manuSya kI AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM sAmAjika vipannatA ko dUra nahIM kara pAI hai| jJAna-vijJAna kI zikSA dene vAle sahastrAdhika vizvavidyAlayoM evaM mahAvidyAlayoM ke hote hue bhI Aja kA zikSita mAnava apanI svArthaparatA aura bhogalolupatA para viveka evaM saMyama kA aMkuza nahIM lagA pAyA hai| bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kA yaha ambAra Aja bhI usake mana kI mAMga ko saMtuSTa nahIM kara sakA hai| AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ne vizva kI dUrI ko kama kara diyA hai, kiMtu manuSya-manuSya ke bIca hRdaya kI dUrI Aja jyAdA ho gaI hai| yaha kahIM dharma ke nAma para to kahIM jAti evaM varNa ke nAma eka-dUsare se kaTate cale jA rahe haiN| surakSA ke sAdhanoM kI yaha bahulatA Aja bhI usake (139)

Page #144
mana meM abhaya kA vikAsa nahIM kara pAI hai, Aja bhI vaha utanA hI AzaMkita, AtaMkita aura AkrAmaka hai, jitanA Adima yuga meM rahA hogaa| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, Aja vidhvaMsakArI zastroM ke nirmANa ke sAtha usakI yaha AkrAmaka vRtti adhika vinAzakArI bana gaI hai aura vaha zastra-nirmANa kI isa daur3a meM sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI antyeSTi kI sAmagrI taiyAra kara rahA hai| Arthika sampannatA kI isa avasthA meM bhI manuSya utanA hI adhika arthalolupa hai, jitanA ki vaha pahale kabhI rahA hogaa| Aja manuSya kI isa arthalolupatA ne mAnava jAti ko zoSaka aura zoSita aise do vargoM meM bAMTa diyA hai, jo eka dUsare ko pUrI taraha nigala jAne kI taiyArI kara rahe haiN| eka bhogAkAMkSA aura tRSNA kI daur3a meM pAgala hai to dUsarA peTa kI jvAlA ko zAMta karane ke lie vyagra aura vikSubdhA Aja vizva meM vaijJAnika takanIka aura Arthika samRddhi kI dRSTi se sabase adhika vikasita rASTra yU.esa.e, mAnasika tanAvoM evaM AparAdhika pavRttiyoM ke kAraNa sabase adhika parezAna hai, isase sambaMdhita AMkar3e cauMkAne vAle haiN| kisI urdU zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA hai - tAlIma kA zora itanA, tahajIba kA gula itnaa| barakata jo nahIM hotI, nIyata kI kharAbI hai // Aja manuSya kA sabase bar3A durbhAgya to yaha hai ki isa tathAkathita sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha usakI Adima yuga kI eka sahaja, sarala evaM svAbhAvika jIvanazailI bhI usase china gaI hai, Aja jIvana ke hara kSetra meM kRtrimatA aura chayoM kA bAhulya hai| manuSya Aja na to apanI mUlavRttiyoM evaM vAsanAoM kA zodhana yA udAttIkaraNa kara pAyA hai aura na isa tathAkathita sabhyatA ke AvaraNa ko banAe rakhane ke lie unheM sahaja rUpa meM prakaTa hI kara pA rahA hai| usake bhItara usakA pazutva' kulAMceM bhara rahA hai, kiMtu bAhara vaha apane ko 'sabhya' dikhAnA cAhatA hai| aMdara vAsanA kI uddAma jvAlAeM aura bAhara saccaritraMtA aura sadAzayatA kA chadma jIvana, yahI Aja ke mAnasa kI trAsadI hai, pIr3A hai| Asakti, bhogalipsA, bhaya, krodha, svArtha aura kapaTa kI damita mUlapravRttiyAM aura unase janya doSoM ke kAraNa mAnavatA Aja bhI abhizipta hai, Aja vaha dohare saMgharSa se gujara rahI hai - eka AMtarika aura dUsarA bAhyA AMtarika saMgharSoM ke kAraNa Aja usakA mAnasa tanAvayukta hai, vikSubdha hai, to bAhya saMgharSoM ke kAraNa mAnava-jIvana azAMta aura asta-vyastA Aja manuSya kA jIvana mAnasika tanAvoM, sAMvegika asaMtulanoM aura mUlya saMgharSoM se yukta hai| Aja kA manuSya paramANu takanIka kI bArIkiyoM ko (140)

Page #145
adhika jAnatA hai kiMtu eka sArthaka sAmaMjasyapUrNa jIvana ke Avazyaka mUlyoM ke prati usakA upekSAbhAva hai| vaijJAnika pragati se samAja ke purAne mUlya Dhaha cuke haiM aura nae mUlyoM kA sRjana abhI ho nahIM pAyA hai| Aja hama mUlyariktatA kI sthiti meM jI rahe haiM aura mAnavatA nae mUlyoM kI prasava-pIr3A se gujara rahI hai| Aja vaha eka nirNAyaka mor3a para khar3I huI hai, usake sAmane do hI vikalpa hai - yA to punaH apane prakRta Adima jIvana kI ora lauTa jAe yA phira eka nae mAnava kA sRjana kare, kiMtu pahalA vikalpa aba na to sambhava hai aura na vareNyA ataH Aja eka hI vikalpa zeSa hai - eka nae AdhyAtmika mAnava kA nirmANa, anyathA Aja hama usa kagAra para khar3e haiM, jahAM mAnava jAti kA sarvanAza hameM pukAra rahA hai| yahAM joza kA yaha kathana kitanA maujUM hai - saphAiyAM ho rahI haiM jitanI, dila utane hI ho rahe haiM maile| aMdherA chA jAegA jahAM meM, agara yahI rozanI rhegii| isa nirNAyaka sthiti meM mAnava ko sarvaprathama yaha taya karanA hai ki AdhyAtmavAdI aura bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTiyoM meM se kauna use vartamAna saMkaTa se ubAra sakatA hai ? jaina dharma kahatA hai ki bhautikavAdI dRSTi manuSya kI usa bhoga-lipsA tathA tadjanita svArtha evaM zoSaNa kI pAzavika pravRttiyoM kA nirasana karane meM sarvathA asamartha hai, kyoMki bhautikavAdI dRSTi meM manuSya mUlataH pazu hI hai| vaha manuSya ko eka AdhyAtmika (Spiritual being) na mAnakara eka vikasita sAmAjika pazu (Developed social ani mal) hI mAnatI hai| jabaki jaina dharma mAnava ko viveka aura saMyama kI zakti se yukta mAnatA hai| bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya kA niHzreyam usakI zArIrika evaM manovaijJAnika mAMgoM kI saMtuSTi meM hI hai| vaha mAnava kI bhoga-lipsA kI saMtuSTi ko hI usakA carama lakSya ghoSita kara detA hai| yadyapi vaha eka Aropita sAmAjikatA ke dvArA manuSya kI svArtha evaM zoSaNa kI pAzavika vRttiyoM kA niyamana karanA avazya cAhatA hai, kiMtu isa Aropita sAmAjikatA kA pariNAma mAtra itanA hI hotA hai ki manuSya pratyakSa meM zAMta aura sabhya hokara bhI parokSa meM azAMta evaM uddIpta banA rahatA hai aura una avasaroM kI khoja karatA hai jaba samAja kI AMkha bacAkara athavA sAmAjika AdarzoM ke nAma para usakI pAzavika vRttiyoM ko chadma rUpa meM khulakara khelane kA avasara mile| bhautikavAda mAnava kI pAzavika vRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa kA prayAsa to karatA hai, kiMtu vaha usa dRSTi kA unmUlana nahIM karatA hai, jo ki isa pAzavika vRttiyoM kA mUla udgama hai| usakA prayAsa jar3oM ko sIMcakara zAkhAoM ke kATane kA prayAsa hai| vaha roga ke kAraNoM ko khojakara (141)

Page #146
unheM samApta nahIM karatA hai, apitu mAtra roga ke lakSaNoM ko dabAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yadi jIvana kI mUla dRSTi bhautika upalabdhi aura daihika vAsanAoM kI saMtuSTi ho to svArtha aura zoSaNa kA cakra bhI samApta nahIM hogaa| usake lie hameM jIvana ke ucca mUlyoM yA AdarzoM ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| jaba taka eka AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke AdhAra para sAmAjikatA ko vikasita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, taba taka Aropita sAmAjikatA se mAnava kI svArtha evaM zoSaNa kI vRttiyoM kA vAstavika rUpa meM nirAkaraNa asambhava hai| duHkha kA mUla mamatA . bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa tathya ko gaharAI se samajhA thA ki bhautikavAda mAnavIya duHkhoM kI mukti kA samyak-mArga nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM kara sakatA jisase duHkha-paramparA kI yaha dhArA prasphuTita hotI hai| ve uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahate haiM ki kAmANugiddhippabhavaM khudukkhaM jaM kAiyaM mANasiyaM ca kiMci' arthAt samasta bhautika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa kAmAsakti hai| bhautikavAda ke pAsa isa kAmAsakti yA mamatvabuddhi ko samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| na kevala jaina dharma ne apitu lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM ne isa bAta ko ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa Asakti, tRSNA yA mamatvabuddhi hai| yadi hama mAnava jAti ko svArtha, hiMsA, zoSaNa, bhraSTAcAra evaM tadjanita duHkhoM se mukta karanA cAhate haiM to bhautikAvAdI dRSTi kA parityAga kara usa AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hogA jisake anusAra bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI jIvana kA aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki daihika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI jIvana kA aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| daihika evaM Arthika mUlyoM se pare anya ucca mUlya bhI haiN| AdhyAtma-dRSTi anya kucha nahIM, apitu ina ucca mUlyoM kI svIkRti hai| jaina-dharma ke anusAra adhyAtma kA artha hai - parArtha ko parama mUlya na mAnakara Atma ko parama mUlya maannaa| padArthavAdI dRSTi mAnavIya duHkhoM aura sukhoM kA AdhAra 'vastu' yA bAhya paristhiti ko mAnatI hai, usake anusAra sukha-duHkha vastugata lakSya haiN| ataH bhautikavAdI mAnava sukha kI lAlasA meM vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai aura unake saMgraha hetu steya, zoSaNa evaM saMgharSa jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoM ko janma detA hai| isake viparIta jaina dharma yA adhyAtma hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha-duHkha AtmakRta haiN| bAhara na koI zatru hai aura na koI mitr| AtmA hI apanA mitra aura zatru hai| suprasthita AtmA mitra hai aura duHprasthita AtmA zatru hai| ataH sukha-duHkha kI khoja padArthoM meM na kara AtmA meM karanA hai| jaina AcArya kahate haiM ki yaha jJAna-darzana svarUpa (142)

Page #147
zAzvata Atma tatva hI apanA hai, zeSa sabhI saMyogajanya padArtha AtmA se bhinna haiM, apane nahIM haiN| ina sAMyogika upalabdhiyoM meM mamatvabuddhi duHkha paramparA kA kAraNa hai, ataH AnaMda kI prApti hetu inake prati mamatvabuddhi kA sarvathA tyAga karanA apekSita hai| saMkSepa meM dehAdi Atmetara padArthoM ke prati mamatvabuddhi kA tyAga aura bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke sthAna para Atmopalabdhi arthAt vItarAga dazA kI upalabdhi ko jIvana kA niHzreyasa svIkAra karanA adhyAtmavidyA aura jainadharma kA mUlatatva hai aura yahI mAnava jAti ke maMgala kA mArga hai, kyoMki isI ke dvArA Adhunika mAnava ko AMtarika evaM bAhya tanAvoM se mukta kara nirAkula banAyA jA sakatA hai| mamatA kA visarjana/daHkha kA nirAkaraNa ___AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI svIkRti kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki zArIrika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI pUrNatayA upekSA kI jaae| jaina dharma ke anusAra zArIrika mUlya adhyAtma ke bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka haiN| nizIthabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAdhana zarIra hai, zarIra kA AdhAra AhAra hai| zarIra zAzvata AnaMda ke kUla para le jAne vAlI naukA hai| isa dRSTi se usakA mUlya bhI hai, mahatva bhI hai aura usakA sArasambhAla bhI karanA hai| kiMtu dhyAna rahe, dRSTi naukA para nahIM, kUla para honA hai, naukA sAdhana hai, sAdhya nhiiN| bhautika evaM zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRti jaina dharma aura sampUrNa adhyAtmavidyA kA hArda hai| yaha vaha vibhAjaka rekhA hai, jo adhyAtma aura bhautikavAda meM aMtara spaSTa karatI hai| bhautikavAda meM bhautika upalabdhiyAM yA jaivika mUlya svayameva sAdhya haiM, aMtima haiM, jabaki adhyAtma meM ve kinhIM ucca mUlyoM kA sAdhana haiN| jaina dharma kI bhASA meM kaheM to sAdhaka kA vastuoM kA tyAga aura vastuoM kA grahaNa donoM hI saMyama (samatva) kI sAdhanA ke lie haiN| jaina dharma kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya to eka aise nirAkula, nirvikAra, niSkAma aura vItarAga mAnasa kI abhivyakti hai, jo ki vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke samasta tanAvoM evaM saMgharSoM ko samApta kara ske| usake sAmane mUla prazna daihika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI svIkRti yA asvIkRti kA nahIM hai, apitu vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samatva ke saMsthApana kA hai| ataH jahAM taka aura jisa rUpa meM daihika aura bhautika upalabdhiyAM usameM sAdhaka ho sakatI haiM, vahAM taka ve svIkArya haiM aura jahAM taka ve usameM bAdhaka haiM vahAM taka tyAjya haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcArAMgasUtra evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isa bAta ko bahuta spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jaba iMdriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka hotA hai, (143)

Page #148
taba usa samparka ke pariNAmasvarUpa sukhada-duHkhada anubhUti bhI hotI hai aura jIvana meM yaha zakya nahIM hai ki iMdriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho aura usake kAraNa sukhada yA duHkhada na ho, ataH tyAga iMdriyAnubhUti kA nahIM apitu usake prati citta meM utpanna hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA karanA hai, kyoMki iMdriyoM ke manojJa yA amanojJa viSaya Asaktacitta ke lie hI rAga-dveSa (mAnasika vikSobhoM) kA kAraNa banate haiM, anAsakta yA vItarAga ke lie nhiiN| ataH jaina dharma kI mUla zikSA mamatva ke visarjana kI hai, jIvana ke niSedha kI nahIM, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM mamatva yA Asakti hI vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana kI samasta viSamatAoM kA mUla hai aura isake nirAkaraNa ke dvArA hI manuSya ke samasta duHkhoM kA nirAkaraNa sambhava hai| ___dharma sAdhanA kA uddezya hai - vyakti ko zAMti pradAna karanA, kiMtu durbhAgya se Aja dharma ke nAma para pArasparika saMgharSa panapa rahe haiM - eka dharma ke logoM ko dUsare dharma ke logoM se lar3AyA jA rahA hai| zAMtipradAtA dharma hI Aja azAMti kA kAraNa bana gayA hai| vastutaH isakA kAraNa dharma nahIM, apitu dharma kA labAdA or3he adharma hI hai| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamane dharma ke marma' ko samajhA nahIM hai| thothe kriyAkANDa aura bAhya ADambara hI dharma ke paricAyaka bana gae haiN| Ae dekheM dharma kA saccA svarUpa kyA hai? dharma kA svarUpa - dharma ke svarUpa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA pratyeka mAnava meM pAI jAtI hai| dharma kyA hai ? isa prazna ke Ajataka aneka uttara die gae haiM, kiMtu jaina AcAryoM ne jo uttara diyA hai vaha vilakSaNa hai tathA gambhIra vivecanA kI apekSA karatA hai| ve kahate haiM - dhammo vatthusahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo|| vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| kSamA Adi bhAvoM kI apekSA se vaha dasa prakAra kA hai| ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra) bhI dharma hai tathA jIvoM kI rakSA karanA bhI dharma hai| sarvaprathama vastu svabhAva ko dharma kahA gayA hai, AeM jarA isa para gambhIratA se vicAra kreN| sAmAnyatayA dharma zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| hindI bhASA meM jaba hama kahate haiM ki Aga kA dharma jalAnA hai, pAnI kA dharma zItalatA hai to yahAM dharma se hamArA tAtparya vastu ke svAbhAvika guNoM se hotA hai| kiMtu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki duHkhI evaM pIr3itajanoM kI sevA karanA manuSya kA dharma hai athavA guru kI AjJA kA pAlana ziSya kA dharma hai to yahAM dharma kA artha hotA hai kartavya yA dAyitvA isI (144)

Page #149
prakAra jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki merA dharma jaina hai yA usakA dharma IsAI hai, to hama eka tIsarI hI bAta kahate haiN| yahAM dharma kA matalaba hai kisI divya-sattA, siddhAMta yA sAdhanApaddhati ke prati hamArI zraddhA, AsthA yA vishvaas| aksara hama dharma se yahI tIsarA artha lete haiN| jabaki yaha tIsarA artha dharma kA abhirur3ha artha hai, vAstavika artha nahIM hai| saccA dharma sirpha dharma hai, vaha na hindU hotA hai, na jaina, na bauddha, na IsAI, na islaam| ye saba nAma Aropita haiN| hamArA saccA dharma to vahI hai jo hamArA nija-svabhAva hai| isIlie jaina AcAryoM ne 'vatthu sahAvo dhammo' ke rUpa meM dharma ko pAribhASita kiyA hai| pratyeka ke lie jo usakA nija-guNa hai, sva-svabhAva hai, vahI dharma hai, sva-svabhAva se bhinna jo bhI hogA, vaha usake lie dharma nahIM, adharma hI hogaa| isIlie gItA meM kahA gayA hai svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH parAdharmo bhayAvahaH' (gItA, 3/35) / paradharma arthAt dUsare ke svabhAva ko isalie bhayAvaha kahA gayA, kyoMki vaha hamAre lie svabhAva na hokara vibhAva hogA aura jo vibhAva hai, vaha dharma na hokara adharma hI hogaa| ataH ApakA dharma vahI hai jo ApakA nija-svabhAva hai| kiMtu Apa socate hoMge ki bAta adhika spaSTa nahIM huii| isase hama kaise jAna leM ki hamArA dharma kyA hai? vastutaH hameM apane dharma ko samajhane ke lie apane svabhAva yA apanI prakRti ko jAnanA hogaa| kiMtu yahAM yaha bAta bhI samajha lenI hogI ki aneka bAra hama Aropita yA parAzrita guNoM ko bhI apanA svabhAva yA prakRti mAna lete haiN| ataH hameM svabhAva aura vibhAva meM aMtara ko samajha lenA hai| svabhAva vaha hai, jo svataH (apane Apa) hotA hai aura vibhAva vaha hai, jo dUsare ke kAraNa hotA hai, jaise pAnI meM zItalatA svAbhAvika hai, kiMtu uSNatA vaibhAvika hai, kyoMki usake lie use Aga ke saMyoga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jise hone ke lie kisI bAharI tatva kI apekSA hai vaha saba vibhAva hai, para-dharma hai| zItalatA pAnI kA dharma hai aura jalAnA Aga kA dharma hai| punaH jisa guNa ko chor3A jA sakatA hai vaha usa vastu kA dharma nahIM ho sakatA hai| kiMtu jo guNa pUrI taraha chor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai vahI usa vastu kA sva-dharma hotA hai| Aga cAhe kisI bhI rUpa meM ho vaha jalAegI hI, pAnI cAhe Aga ke saMyoga se kitanA hI garama kyoM na ho yadi use Aga para DAleMge to vaha Aga ko zItala hI kregaa| Apa socate hoMge ki Aga aura pAnI kI dharma kI isa carcA se manuSya ke dharma ko hama kaise jAna pAeMge ? yahAM isa carcA kI upayogitA yahI hai ki hama svabhAva aura vibhAva kA aMtara samajha leM, kyoMki aneka bAra hama Aropita guNoM ko hI svabhAva mAnane kI bhUla kara baiThate haiM, aksara hama kahate haiM usakA svabhAva krodhI hai| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki (145)

Page #150
kyA krodha svabhAva hai yA ho bhI sakatA hai ? bAta aisI nahIM hai| isa kasauTI para krodha aura zAMti ke do guNoM ko kasie aura dekhie, inameM se manuSya kA svadharma kyA hai? pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki krodha kabhI svataH nahIM hotA, binA kisI bAharI kAraNa ke hama krodha nahIM karate haiN| gusse yA krodha kA koI na koI bAhya kAraNa avazya hotA hai, gussA kabhI akAraNa nahIM hotA hai| sAtha hI gusse ke lie kisI dUsare kA honA jarurI hai, gussA yA krodha binA kisI pratipakSI ke svataH nahIM hotA hai, akele meM nahIM hotA hai| kisI gusse se bhare AdamI ko akele meM le jAie, Apa dekheMge usakA gussA dhIre-dhIre zAMta ho rahA hai - gusse ke bAhya kAraNoM evaM pratipakSI ke dUra ho jAne para gussA Thahara nahIM sakatA hai| punaH gussA Aropita hai, vaha chor3A jA sakA hai, koI bhI vyakti caubIsoM ghaTe krodha kI sthiti meM nahIM raha sakatA, kiMtu zAMta raha sakatA hai| ataH manuSya ke lie krodha vidharma hai, adharma hai aura zAMti svadharma hai, nijaguNa hai| kyA dharma hai aura kyA adharma hai, isakA nirNaya isI paddhati se sambhava hai| hamAre sAmane mUla prazna to yaha hai ki manuSya kA dharma kyA haiM? isa prazna ke uttara : ke lie hameM mAnava-prakRti yA mAnava-svabhAva ko jAnanA hogaa| jo manuSya kA svabhAva hogA vahI manuSya ke lie dharma hogaa| hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki eka manuSya ke rUpa meM hama kyA haiM ? mAnava astitva dviAyamI (Two Dimensional) hai| manuSya vivekAtmaka cetanA se yukta eka zarIra hai| zarIra aura cetanA yaha hamAre astitva ke do prazna haiM, kiMtu isameM bhI hamAre astitva kA mUla AdhAra jIvana evaM cetanA hI hai, cetana-jIvana ke abhAva meM zarIra kA koI mUlya nahIM hai| zarIra kA mahatva to hai, kiMtu vaha usakI cetanajIvana se yuti para nirbhara hai| cetana-jIvana svataH mUlyavAn hai aura zarIra parataH mUlyAvAn hai| jisa prakAra kAgajI mudrA kA svayaM meM koI mUlya nahIM hotA usakA mUlya sarakAra kI sAkha para nirbhara karatA hai, usI prakAra zarIra kA mUlya cetana-jIvana kI zakti para nirbhara karatA hai| hamAre astitva kA sAra hamArI cetanA hai| cetana-jIvana hI vAstavika jIvana hai| cetanA ke abhAva ko 'zava' kahA jAtA hai| cetanA hI eka aisA tatva hai jo zava ko ziva banA detA hai| ataH jo cetanA kA svabhAva hogA vahI hamArA vAstavika dharma hogaa| hameM apane 'dharma' ko samajhane ke lie 'cetanA' ke svalakSaNa ko jAnanA hogaa| cetanA kyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara hameM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama ke bIca hue eka samvAda meM milatA hai| gautama pUchate haiM- bhagavan ! AtmA kyA hai? aura AtmA kA artha yA sAdhya kyA hai? mahAvIra uttara dete haiM- gautama ! AtmA kA svarUpa samatva' hai aura samatva' ko (146)

Page #151
prApta kara lenA hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai (bhgvtiisuutr)| yaha bAta na kevala dArzanika dRSTi se satya hai apitu jIvanazAstrIya aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI satya hai| jIvazAstra (Biology) ke anusAra cetanajIva kA lakSaNa AMtarika aura bAhya saMtulana ko banAe rakhanA hai| phrAyaDanAmaka suprasiddha manovaijJAnika kA kathana hai - caitta jIvana aura snAyujIvana kA svabhAva yaha hai ki vaha vikSobha aura tanAva ko miTAkara samatva kI sthApanA karatA hai| vikSobha, tanAva aura mAnasika dvaMdvoM se Upara uThakara zAMta, nirdvadva manaH sthiti ko prApta karanA yaha hamArI svAbhAvika apekSA hai aura yahI dharma hai| vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM ne samAdhi, samabhAva yA samatA ko dhArmika jIvana kA mUlabhUta lakSaNa mAnA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM 'samiyAe dhamme AriyehiM paveie' (1/ 8/3) kahakara dharma ko 'samatA' ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| samatA dharma hai, viSamatA adharma hai| vastutaH ve sabhI tatva jo hamArI cetanA meM vikSobha, tanAva yA vicalana utpanna karate haiM arthAt cetanA ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate haiM, vibhAva ke sUcaka haiM, isIlie adharma haiN| aksara hama rAga-dveSa, ghRNA, Asakti, mamatva, tRSNA, kAma, krodha, ahaMkAra Adi ko adharma (pApa) kahate haiM aura kSamA, zAMti, anAsakti, nirvairatA, vItarAgatA, virAgatA, nirAkulatA Adi ko dharma kahate haiM, aisA kyoM hai? bAta spaSTa hai| prathama varga ke tathya jahAM hamArI AkulatA ko bar3hAte haiM, hamAre mana meM vikSobha aura cetanA meM tanAva (Tension) utpanna karate haiM vahIM dUsare varga ke tathya usa AkulatA, vikSebhi yA tanAva ko kama karate haiM, miTAte haiN| pUrvokta gAthA meM kSamAdi bhAvoM ko jo dharma kahA gayA hai, usakA AdhAra yahI hai| ___ mAnasika vikSobha yA tanAva hamArA svabhAva yA svalakSaNa isalie nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki hama use miTAnA cAhate haiM, usakA nirAkaraNa karanA cAhate haiM aura jise Apa chor3anA cAhate haiM, miTAnA cAhate haiM, vaha ApakA svabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| punaH rAga, Asakti, mamatva, ahaMkAra, krodha Adi sabhI 'para' kI apekSA karate haiM, unake viSaya 'para' haiN| unakI abhivyakti anya ke lie hotI hai| rAga, Asakti yA mamatva kisI para hogaa| isI prakAra krodha yA ahaMkAra kI abhivyakti bhI dUsare ke lie hai| ina sabake kAraNa sadaiva hI bAhya jagat meM hote haiM, ye svataH nahIM hote, parataH hote haiN| isIlie ye AtmA ke vibhAva kahe jAte haiM aura jo bhI vibhAva haiM, ve saba adharma haiN| jabaki jo svabhAva hai yA vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora lauTane ke prayAsa haiM ve saba dharma haiN| bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se dharma zabda 'dhR' dhAtu se banA hai jisakA artha hotA hai - dhAraNa (147)

Page #152
krnaa| sAmAnyatayA jo prajA ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dharma hai, 'dharmo dhArayate prjaa'| isa rUpa meM dharma ko paribhASita kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu merI dRSTi meM jo hamAre astitva yA sattA ke dvArA dhArita hai athavA jisake AdhAra, astitva yA sattA rahI huI hai vahI 'dharma' hai| kisI bhI vastu kA dharma vahI hai jisake kAraNa vaha vastu usa vastu ke rUpa meM apanA astitva rakhatI hai aura jisake abhAva meM usakI sattA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke lie viveka aura saMyama ke guNoM ke abhAva meM manuSya aura pazu meM koI aMtara nahIM rahegA, yadi viveka aura saMyama ke guNa haiM to hI manuSya, manuSya hai| ... yadi hama manuSya ko eka sAmAjika prANI mAnate haiM aura dharma ko dharmo dhArayate prajA' ke artha meM lete haiM to usa sthiti meM dharma kA artha hogA. - jo hamArI samAjavyavasthA ko banAe rakhatA hai, vahI dharma hai| ve saba bAteM jo sAmAjika jIvana meM bAdhA upasthita karatI haiM aura hamAre svArthoM ko poSaNa dekara hamArI sAmAjikatA ko khaNDita karatI haiM, sAmAjika jIvana meM avyavasthA aura azAMti meM kAraNabhUta hotI haiM, adharma haiN| isIlie tRSNA, vidveSa, hiMsA, zoSaNa, svArthaparatA Adi ko adharma aura paropakAra, karuNA, dayA, sevA Adi ko dharma kahA gayA hai, kyoMki jo mUlya hamArI sAmAjikaMtA kI svAbhAvikavRtti kA rakSaNa karate haiM, ve dharma haiM aura use jo khaNDita karate haiM, ve adharma haiN| yadyapi dharma kI yaha vyAkhyA dUsaroM ke saMdarbha meM haiM, ise samAja-dharma kaha sakate svabhAva yA Atmadharma aisA tatva hai jo bAhara se lAyA nahIM jAtA hai, vaha to vibhAva ke haTate hI svataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai jaise Aga ke saMyoga ke haTate hI pAnI svataH zItala ho jAtA hai, vaise hI dharma ke lie kucha karanA nahIM hotA, kevala adharma ko chor3anA hotA hai, vibhAvadazA ko dUra karanA hotA hai, kyoMki use hI chor3A yA tyAgA jA sakatA hai jo Aropita hotA hai aura vibhAva hogA, svabhAva nhiiN| dharma sAdhanA ke nAma para jo bhI prayAsa haiM, ve saba adharma ko tyAgane ke lie hai, vibhAga-dazA ko miTAne ke lie haiM dharma to AtmA kI zuddhatA hai, use lAnA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha bAharI nahIM hai, kevala viSaya kaSAya rUpI mala ko haTAnA hai| jaise bAdala ke haTate prakAza svataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI adharma yA vibhAva ke haTate dharma yA svabhAva prakaTa ho jAtA hai| isIlie dharma or3hA nahIM jAtA hai, dharma jiyA jAtA hai| adharma Aropita hotA hai, vaha eka doharA jIvana prastuta karatA hai, kyoMki usake pApakhaNDa bhI dohe hote haiN| adhArmikajana dUsaroM se apane prati jisa vyavahAra kI apekSA karatA hai, dUsaroM ke prati usake ThIka viparIta karanA (148)

Page #153
cAhatA hai| isIlie dharma kI kasauTI Atmavat vyavahAra mAnA gayA 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM mA samAcaret' ke pIche bhI yahI dhvani rahI hai| dharma kA sAra hai - nizchalatA, saralatA, spaSTatA, jahAM bhI inakA abhAva hogA, vahAM dharma ko jiyA nahIM jAegA apitu or3hA jaaegaa| vahAM dharma nahIM, dharma kA dambha panapegA aura hameM yAda rakhanA hogA ki vaha dharma kA dambha adhArmikatA se adhika khataranAka hai| kyoMki isameM adharma, dharma kI poSAka ko or3ha letA hai, vaha dikhatA dharma hai, kiMtu hotA hai adharmI mAnava jAti kA durbhAgya yahI hai ki Aja dharma ke nAma para jo kucha cala rahA hai vaha saba Aropita hai, or3hA gayA hai aura isIlie dharma ke nAma para adharma panapa rahA hai| Aja dharma ko kitane hI thothe aura niSprANa karmakANDoM se jor3a diyA gayA hai, kyA pahaneM aura kyA nahIM pahaneM, kyA khAeM aura kyA nahIM khAeM, prArthanA ke lie muMha kisa dizA meM kareM aura kisa dizA meM nahIM kareM, prArthanA kI bhASA kyA ho, pUjA ke dravya kyA hoM? Adi aadi| ye saba bAteM dharma kA zarIra ho sakatI haiM, kyoMki ye zarIra se gahare nahIM jAtI haiM, kiMtu nizcaya hI ye dharma kI AtmA nahIM hai| dharma kI AtmA to hai-samAdhi, zAMti, niraakultaa| dharma to sahaja aura svAbhAvika hai| durbhAgya yahI hai ki Aja loga dharma ke nAma para bahuta kucha kara rahe haiM paraMtu adharma yA vibhAvadazA ko chor3a nahIM rahe haiN| Aja dharma ko or3hA jA rahA hai, isIlie Aja kA dharma nirarthaka bana gayA hai| yaha kArya to ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise kisI durgaMdha ko svaccha sugaMdhita AvaraNa se Dhaka diyA gayA ho| yaha bAhya pratIti se suMdara hotI hai kiMtu vAstavikatA kucha aura hI hotI hai| yaha tathAkathita dharma hI dharma ke lie sabase bar3A khatarA hai, isameM adharma ko chipAne ke lie dharma kiyA jAtA hai| Aja dharma ke nAma para jo kucha kiyA jA rahA hai usakA koI lAbha nahIM mila rahA hai| Aja hamArI dazA ThIka vaisI hI hai jaise koI rogI davA to le kiMtu kupatya ko chor3e nhiiN| dharma ke nAma para Atma-pravaMcanA evaM chalachadma panapa rahA hai, isakA mUla kAraNa hai dharma ke sAratatva ke bAre meM hamArA gaharA ajnyaan| hama dharma ke bAre meM jAnate haiM kiMtu dharma ko nahIM jAnate haiN| __ Aja hamane Atma-dharma kyA hai, hamArA nijaguNa yA svabhAva kyA hai, ise samajhA hI nahIM hai aura niSprANa karmakANDoM aura rItirivAjoM ko hI dharma mAna baiThe haiN| Aja hamAre dharma cauke-cUlhe meM , maMdiroM-masjidoM aura upAsanA gRhoM meM sImita ho gae haiM, jIvana se unakA koI samparka nahIM hai| isIlie vaha jIvita dharma nahIM, murdA dharma hai| kisI zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA hai - masjida to banA dI para bhara meM imAM kI harArata vAloM ne| (149)

Page #154
mana vahI purAnA pApI rahA, barasoM meM namAjI na ho skaa| Aja dharma ke nAma para jo bhI kiyA jAtA hai usakA sambaMdha paraloka se jor3A jAtA hai| Aja dharma udhAra saudA bana gayA hai aura isIlie Aja dharma se AsthA uThatI jA rahI hai| kiMtu yAda rakhie vAstavika dharma udhAra saudA nahIM, nakada saudA hai| usakA pha la tatkAla hai| bhagavAn buddha se kisI ne pUchA ki dharma kA phala isa loka meM milatA hai yA paraloka meM? unhoMne kahA thA - dharma kA phala to usI samaya milatA hai| jaise hI moha TUTatA hai, tRSNA chUTatI hai, cAha aura ciMtA kama ho jAtI hai, mana zAMti aura AnaMda se bhara jAtA hai, yahI to dharma kA phala hai| hama yadi apanI aMtarAtmA se pUche ki hama kyA cAhate haiM? uttara spaSTa hai hameM sukha cAhie, zAMti cAhie, samAdhi yA nirAkulatA cAhie aura jo kucha ApakI aMtarAtmA Apase mAMgatI hai vahI to ApakA svabhAva hai, ApakA dharma hai| jahAM moha hogA, rAga hogA, tRSNA hogI, Asakti hogI, vahAM cAha bar3hegI, jahAM cAha bar3hegI, vahAM ciMtA bar3hegI aura jahAM ciMtA hogI vahAM mAnasika asamAdhi yA tanAva hogA aura jahAM mAnasika tanAva yA vikSobha hai vahIM to duHkha hai, pIr3A hai| jisa duHkha ko miTAne kI hamArI lalaka hai usakI jar3eM hamAre aMdara haiM, kiMtu durbhAgya yahI hai ki hama use bAhara ke bhautika sAdhanoM se miTAne kA prayAsa karate rahe haiN| yaha to ThIka vaisA hI huA jaise ghAva kahIM aura ho aura malahama kahIM aura lgaaeN| aparigrahavRtta yA anAsakti ko jo dharma kahA gayA, usakA AdhAra yahI hai ki vaha ThIka usa jar3a para prahAra karatA hai, jahAM se duHkha kI viSavela phUTatI hai, AkulatA paidA hotI hai| vaha dharma isIlie hai ki vaha hameM AkulatA se nirAkulatA kI dizA meM, vibhAva se svabhAva kI dizA meM le jAtI hai| kisI kavi ne kahA hai - cAha gaI, ciMtA miTI manuA bhayA beprvaah| . jisako kucha na cAhie, vaha zahaMzAhoM kA shhNshaah|| nirAkulatA evaM AkulatA hI dharma aura adharma kI sIdhI aura sApha kasauTI hai| jahAM AkulatA hai, tanAva hai, asamAdhi hai, vahAM adharma hai aura jahAM nirAkulatA hai, zAMti hai, samAdhi hai, vahAM dharma hai| jina bAtoM se vyakti meM athavA unake sAmAjika pariveza meM AkulatA bar3hatI hai, tanAva paidA hotA hai, azAMti bar3hatI hai, viSamatA bar3hatI hai, ve saba bAteM adharma haiM, pApa haiN| isake viparIta jina bAtoM se vyakti meM aura usake sAmAjika pariveza meM nirAkulatA Ae, zAMti Ae, tanAva ghaTe, viSamatA samApta ho, ve saba dharma haiN| dhArmikatA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jisa vItarAga, vItatRSNA aura anAsakta (150) bAta

Page #155
jIvana kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, usakA artha yahI hai ki jIvana meM nirAkulatA, zAMti aura samAdhi aae| dharma kA sAra yahI hai, phira cAhe hama ise kucha bhI nAma kyoM na deN| zrI satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA kahate haiM - dharma na hindU bauddha hai, dharma na muslima jain| dharma citta kI zuddhatA, dharma zAMti sukha cain|| kudarata kA kAnUna hai, saba para lAgU hoyA vikRta mana vyAkula rahe, nirmala sukhiyA hoyaa| yahI dharma kI parakha hai, yahI dharma kA mApa / jana-mana kA maMgala kare, dUra kare sNtaap|| jisa prakAra maleriyA, maleriyA hai, vaha na jaina hai, na bauddha hai na hindU aura na musalamAna, usI prakAra krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi AdhyAtmika vikRtiyAM haiM, ve bhI hindU, bauddha yA jaina nahIM haiM, hama aisA nahIM kahate haiM ki yaha hindU krodha hai yaha jaina yA bauddha krodha hai| yadi krodha hindU,bauddha yA jaina nahIM hai to phira usakA upazamana bhI hindU, bauddha yA jaina nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vikAra, vikAra hai aura svAsthya, svAsthya hai, ve hindU, bauddha yA jaina nahIM haiN| jinheM hama hindU, jaina, bauddha yA anya kisI dharma ke nAma se pukArate haiM, vaha vikAroM ke upacAra kI zailI vizeSa hai jaise elopaithI, Ayurvedika, yUnAnI, homyopaithI Adi zArIrika rogoM ke upacAra kI paddhati hai| samatA dharma/mamatA adharma . dharma kyA hai? isa prazna kA sabase saMkSipta aura sarala uttara yahI hai ki vaha saba dharma hai, jisameM mana kI AkulatA samApta ho, cAha aura ciMtA miTe tathA mana nirmalatA, zAMti, samabhAva aura AnaMda se bhara jaae| isIlie mahAvIra ne dharma ko samatA yA samabhAva ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA thaa| samatA hI dharma hai aura mamatA adharma hai| vItarAga, anAsakta aura vItatRSNA hone meM jo dhArmika Adarza kI paripUrNatA dekhI gaI, usakA kAraNa bhI yahI hai ki yaha AtmA kI nirAkulatA yA zAMti kI avasthA hai| AtmA kI isI nirAkula dazA ko hindU aura bauddha paramparA meM samAdhi tathA jaina paramparA meM sAmAyika yA samatA kahA gayA hai| hamAre jIvana meM dharma hai, yA nahIM hai isako jAnane kI ekamAtra kasauTI yaha hai ki sukha-duHkha, mAna-apamAna, lAbha-hAni, jaya-parAjaya Adi kI anukUla evaM pratikUla avasthAoM meM hamArA mana kitanA anudvigna aura zAMta banA rahatA hai| yadi anukUla paristhitiyoM meM mana meM saMtoSa na ho cAha aura ciMtA banI rahe tathA pratikUla (151)

Page #156
sthitiyoM meM mana duHkha aura pIr3A se bhara jAve to hameM samajha lenA cAhie ki jIvana meM abhI dharma nahIM AyA hai| dharma kA sIdhA sambaMdha hamArI jIvanadRSTi aura jIvanazailI se hai| bAhya paristhitiyoM se hamArI cetanA jitanI adhika aprabhAvita aura alipta rahegI utanA hI jIvana meM dharma kA prakaTana hogaa| kyoMki manuSya ke lie yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki usake jIvana meM utAra aura car3hAva nahIM aae| sukha-duHkha, lAbha-alAbha, mAna-apamAna Adi ye jIvana-cakra ke durnivAra pahalU haiM, koI bhI inase baca nahIM sktaa| jIvana-yAtrA kA rAstA sIdhA aura sapATa nahIM hai, usameM utAra-car3hAva Ate hI rahate haiN| bAhya paristhitiyoM para ApakA adhikAra nahIM hai, Apake adhikAra meM kevala eka hI bAta hai, vaha yaha ki Apa ina anukUla aura pratikUla sthitiyoM meM apane mana ko, apanI cetanA ko nirAkula aura anudvigna banAe rakheM, mAnasika samatA aura zAMti ko bhaMga nahIM hone deN| yahI dharma hai| zrI goyanakA jI ke zabdoM meM - sukha duHkha Ate hI raheM, jyoM Ave dina rain| . . tU kyoM khove bAvalA, apane mana kI caina / ataH mana kI caina nahIM khonA hI dharma aura dhArmikatA hai| jo vyakti jIvana kI anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI apanI citta kI zAMti nahIM khotA hai, vahI dhArmika hai usI ke jIvana meM dharma kA avataraNa huA hai| kauna dhArmika hai aura kauna adhArmika hai, isakI pahacAna yahI hai ki kisakA citta zAMta hai aura kisakA ashaaNt| jisakA citta yA mana azAMta hai vaha adharma meM jI rahA hai, vibhAva meM jI rahA hai aura jisakA mana yA citta zAMta hai vaha dharma meM jI rahA hai, svabhAva meM jI rahA hai| eka sacce dhArmika puruSa kI jIvanadRSTi anukUlaM evaM pratikUla saMyogoM meM kaisI hogI isakA eka suMdara citraNa urdU zAyara ne kiyA hai, vaha kahatA hai - lAyI hayAta A gaye, kajA le calI cale cle| na apanI khuzI Aye, na apanI khuzI gye| jiMdagI aura mauta donoM hI sthitiyoM meM jo nirAkulatA aura zAMta banA rahatA hai vahI dhArmika hai, dharma kA prakaTana usI ke jIvana meM huA hai| dhArmikatA kI kasauTI para nahIM hai ki tumane kitanA pUjA-pATha kiyA hai, kitane upavAsa aura roje rakhe haiM, apitu yahI hai ki tumhArA mana kitanA anudvigna aura nirAkula banA hai| jIvana meM jaba taka cAha aura ciMtA banI huI hai dhArmikatA kA AnA sambhava nahIM hai| phira vaha cAha aura ciMtA parivAra kI ho yA ziSya-ziSyAoM kI, ghara aura dukAna kI ho, maTha aura maMdira kI, (152)

Page #157
dhana-sampatti kI ho yA pUjA-pratiSThA kI, isase koI aMtara nahIM par3atA hai| ___ jaba taka jIvana meM tRSNA aura spRhA hai, dUsaroM ke prati jalana kI bhaTTI sulaga rahI hai, dhArmikatA sambhava nahIM hai| dhArmika hone kA matalaba hai mana kI udvignatA yA AkulatA samApta ho, mana se ghRNA, vidveSa aura tRSNA kI Aga zAMta ho| isIlie gItA kahatI hai duHkheSvanudvignamanAH sukheSu vigtspRhH|| vItarAgabhayakrodhaH sthitadhIrmunirucyate // gItA 2/56 / jisakA mana duHkhoM kI prApti meM bhI duHkhI nahIM hotA aura sukha kI prApti meM jisakI lAlasA tIvra nahIM hotI hai, jisake mana meM mamatA, bhaya aura krodha samApta ho cuke haiM vahI vyakti dhArmika hai, sthita buddhi hai, muni hai| vastutaH cetanA jitanI nirAkula banegI utanA hI jIvana meM dharma kA prakaTana hogaa| kyoMki yaha nirAkulatA yA samatA hI hamArA nija-dharma hai, sva-svabhAva hai| AkulatA kA matalaba hai AtmA kI 'para' (padArthoM) meM unmukhatA aura nirAkulatA kA matalaba 'para' se vimukha hokara sva meM sthiti| isIlie jaina paramparA meM para-pariNati ko adharma aura Atma-pariNati ko dharma kahA gayA hai| . cetanA aura mana kI nirAkulatA hamArA nija-dharma yA sva-svabhAva isIlie haiM ki yaha hamArI svAbhAvika mAMga hai, svAzrita hai arthAt anya kisI para nirbhara nahIM hai| ApakI cAha, ApakI ciMtA, Apake mana kI AkulatA sadaiva hI anya para AdhArita hai, parAzrita hai, ye para vastu ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI hai aura unhIM ke AdhAra para bar3hatI hai evaM jIvita rahatI hai| samatA (nirAkulatA) svAzrita hai isIlie svadharma hai, jabaki samatA aura tajanita AkulatA parAzrita hai, isIlie vidharma, adharma hai| jo svAzrita yA svAdhIna hai vahI AnaMda ko prApta kara sakatA hai, jo parAzrita yA parAdhIna hai use AnaMda aura zAMti kahAM? yahAM hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki padArthoM ke prati mamatvabhAva aura unake upabhoga meM aMtara hai| dharma unake upabhoga kA virodha nahIM karatA hai apitu unake prati mamatvaM-buddhi yA mamatA ke bhAva kA virodha karatA hai| jo parAyA hai use apanA samajha lenA, mAna lenA adharma hai, pApa hai, kyoMki isI se mAnasika zAMti aura cetanA kA samatva bhaMga hotA hai, AkulatA aura tanAva utpanna hote haiN| ise bhI zAstroM meM anAtma meM Atma-buddhi yA parapariNati kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra saMsAra meM vaha premI duHkhI hotA hai jo kisI aisI strI se prema kara baiThatA hai jo usakI apanI hokara rahane vAlI nahIM hai, usI prakAra una padArthoM ke prati jinakA viyoga anivArya hai, mamatA rakhanA hI duHkha kA kAraNa (153)

Page #158
hai aura jo duHkha kA kAraNa hai vahI adharma hai, pApa hai| AdaraNIya goyanakAjI ne bahuta hI - suMdara bAta kahI hai - sukha-duHkha donoM eka se, mAna aura apmaan| citta vicalita hoe nahIM, to saccA kalyANa // jIvana meM Ate raheM, patajhar3a aura bsNt| mana kI samatA na chUTe, to sukha-zAMti ananta / viSama jagat meM citta kI, samatA rahe attuutt| to uttama maMgala jage, hoya duHkhoM meM chUTa // samatA svabhAva hai aura mamatA vibhAva hai| mamatA chUTegI to samatA apane Apa A jaaegii| svabhAva bAharI nahIM hai, ataH use lAnA bhI nahIM hai, mAtra vibhAva ko chor3anA hai| roga yA bImArI haTegI to svasthatA to AegI hii| isalie prayatna bImArI ko haTAne ke lie karanA hai| jisa prakAra bImArI banI rahe aura Apa puSTikAraka pathya lete rahe to vaha lAbhakArI nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra jaba taka moha aura mamatA banI rahegI, samatA jIvana meM prakaTa nahIM hogii| jaba moha aura mamatA ke bAdala chaTeMge to samatA kA sUrya svataH hI prakaTa ho jaaegaa| jaba moha aura mamatA kI caTTAneM TUTeMgI to samatA ke zItala jala kA jharanA svataH hI prakaTa hogaa| jisameM snAna karake yuga-yuga kA tApa zItala ho jaaegaa| mAnava dharma ___dharma kyA hai? isa prazna para abhI taka hamane isa dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA thA ki eka cetana sattA ke rUpa meM hamArA dharma kyA hai? aba hama isa dRSTi se vicAra kareMge ki manuSya ke rUpa meM hamArA dharma kyA hai? dUsare prANiyoM se manuSya ko jina manovaijJAnika AdhAroM se alaga kara sakate haiM, ve haiM- AtmacetanatA, vivekazIlatA aura AtmasaMyama manuSya ke alAvA dUsare prANiyoM meM ina guNoM kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| manuSya na kevala cetana hai, apitu Atmacetana hai| usakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki use apane jJAna kI, apanI anubhUti kI athavA apane bhAvAvezoM kI bhI cetanA hotI hai| manuSya jaba krodha yA kAma kI bhAva-dazA meM hotA hai taba bhI yaha jAnatA hai ki mujhe krodha ho rahA hai yA kAma satA rahA hai| pazu ko krodha hotA hai kiMtu vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki maiM krodha meM huuN| usakA vyavahAra kAma se prerita hotA hai kiMtu vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA hai ki kAma mere vyavahAra kI prerita kara rahA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se pazu kA vyavahAra mAtra mUlapravRtyAtmaka (154)

Page #159
(Instinctive) hai, jo aMdhapreraNA mAtra hai, kiMtu manuSya kA jIvana preraNA se cAlita na hokara vicAra yA viveka se prerita hotA hai| usameM AtmacetanatA hai| manuSya aura pazu meM sabase mahatvapUrNa aMtara AtmacetanatA ke sambaMdha meM hai| jahAM bhI vyavahAra aura AcaraNa mAtra mUla-pravRtti yA aMdhapreraNA se cAlita hotA hai vahAM manuSyatva nahIM, pazutva hI pradhAna hotA hai, aisA mAnanA caahie| manuSya kI manuSyatA isI meM hai ki apane vyavahAra aura AcaraNa ke prati usameM AtmacetanatA yA sajagatA ho| yahI sajagatA use pazutva se pRthak karatI hai| manuSya kI hI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha apane vicAroM, apanI bhAvanAoM aura apane vyavahAra kA draSTA yA sAkSI hai| usameM hI yaha kSamatA hai ki kartA aura draSTA donoM kI bhUmikAoM meM apane ko rakha sakatA hai| vaha abhinetA aura darzaka donoM hI hai| usakA hita isI meM hai ki vaha abhinaya karake bhI apane darzaka hone kI bhUmikA ko nahIM bhuule| yadi usameM yaha AtmacetanatA athavA draSTA-bhAva yA sAkSI-bhAva nahIM rahatA hai to hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki usameM manuSyatA kI apekSA pazutA hI adhika hai| manuSya meM paramAtmA aura pazu donoM hI upasthita haiN| vaha jitanA Atmacetana yA apane prati sajaga banatA hai, usameM utanA hI paramAtmA kA prakaTana hotA hai aura jitanA asAvadhAna rahatA hai, bhAvanA aura vAsanAoM ke aMdha pravAha meM bahatA hai, utanA hI pazutA ke nikaTa hotA hai| jo hameM paramAtmA ke nikaTa le jAtA hai vahI dharma hai aura jo pazutA ke nikaTa le jAtA hai vahI adharma hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki eka manuSya ke rUpa meM AtmacetanatA manuSya kA vAstavika dharma hai| isI AtmacetanatA ko hI zAstroM meM apramAda kahA gayA hai| manuSya jisa sImA taka Atmacetana hai, apane hI vicAroM, bhAvanAoM aura vyavahAroM kA darzaka hai usI sImA taka vaha manuSya hai, dhArmika hai, kyoMki vaha Atmacetana honA yA AtmadraSTA honA aisA AdhAra hai jisase mAnavIya viveka aura sadAcaraNa kA vikAsa sambhava hai| bImArI se chuTakArA pAne ke lie pahale usI bImArI ke rUpa meM dekhanA aura jAnanA jarUrI hai| yahI AtmacetanatA athavA sAkSIbhAva yA draSTA-bhAva hI eka aisA tatva hai jisa para dharma kI AdhArazilA khar3I huI hai| jaina AgamoM meM apramAda ko dharma (akarma) aura pramAda ko adharma (karma) kahA gayA hai| pramAda kA sIdhA aura sApha artha hai AtmacetanatA yA AtmajAgRti kA abhAvA apramatta vahI hai jo manobhAvoM aura pravRttiyoM kA draSTA hai| manuSya kI manuSyatA aura dhArmikatA isI bAta meM hai ki vaha sadaiva apane AcAra aura vicAra ke prati sajaga rhe| pratyeka kriyA ke prati hamArI cetanA sajaga honI caahie| khAte samaya khAne kI cetanA aura calate samaya (155)

Page #160
calane kI cetanA, krodha meM krodha kI cetanA aura kAma meM kAma kI cetanA banI rahanA Avazyaka hai| Apa jo bhI kara rahe haiM usake prati yadi Apa pUrI taraha Atmacetana haiM to hI Apa sahI artha meM dhArmika haiN| jise hama samyak - darzana kahate haiM merI dhAraNA meM usakA artha yahI Atmadarzana yA AtmajAgRti athavA draSTA evaM sAkSI-bhAva kI sthiti hai| Atmacetana yA apramatta yA AtmadraSTA hone kA matalaba hai khuda ke aMdara jhAMkanA, apanI vRttiyoM, apane vicAroM evaM apanI bhAvanAoM ko dekhnaa| sarala zabdoM meM kaheM to jo apane mana ke nATaka ko dekhatA hai vahI AtmadraSTA yA Atmacetana hai| jo apane karmoM ke prati, apane vicAroM ke prati sAkSI yA draSTA nahIM bana sakatA vaha dhArmika bhI nahIM bana sakatA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne isI AtmacetanatA ko smRti ke rUpa meM pAribhASita kiyA hai| samyak - smRti bauddha dharma ke sAdhanAmArga kA eka mahatvapUrNa caraNa hai| bhagavAn buddha ne sAdhakoM ko bAra-bAra yaha nirdeza diyA hai ki apanI smRti ko sadaiva jAgRta banAe rkho| dhammapada meM ve kahate haiM- apamAdo amata padaM pamAdo maccuno padaM' arthAt apramAda hI. amRta pada hai, amaratA kA mArga hai aura pramAda mRtyu kaa| smRtivAna honA, sajaga, apramatta honA yaha dharma aura dhArmikatA kI Avazyaka kasauTI hai| AcArAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka bahuta hI suMdara bAra kahI hai - 'suttA amuNI, muNiNo sayA jAgaranti' arthAt jo soyA huA hai, sajaga yA Atmacetana nahIM hai vaha amuni hai aura jo sajaga hai, jAgRta hai, Atmacetana hai vaha muni hai| manuSya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha apane prati sajaga yA Atmacetana raha sakatA hai, apane aMdara jhAMka sakatA hai, cetanA meM sthita viSaya vAsanA rUpI gaMdagI ko dekha sakatA hai| AtmadraSTA yA Atmacetana hone kA matalaba yahI hai ki hama apane meM nihita yA utpanna hone vAlI vAsanAoM, bhAvAvezoM, viSaya-vikAroM, rAgadveSa kI vRttiyoM evaM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi kaSAyoM ke prati sajaga raheM, sAvadhAna raheM, unheM dekhate rheN| samakAlIna mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM meM vAranaraM phiTe aise vicAraka haiM, jo yaha mAnate haiM ki AtmacetanatA (Selfawareness) hI eka aisI sthiti hai jise * kisI karma kI naitikatA aura anaitikatA kI kasauTI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yahAM koI yaha prazna uThA sakatA hai ki kyA AtmacetanA ke sAtha yA pUrI sajagatA ke sAtha kiyA jAne vAlA hiMsAdi karma dhArmika yA naitika hogA? vastutaH isa sambaMdha meM hameM eka bhrAMti ko dUra kara lenA caahie| vyakti jitanA Atma-cetana banatA hai, apane prati sajaga banatA hai, vaha bhAvAvezoM se ara uThatA jAtA hai| pUrNa AtmacetanA kI sthiti meM Aveza yA Avega nahIM raha pAeMge aura Aveza ke abhAva meM hiMsA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH (156)

Page #161
AtmacetanatA ke sAtha hiMsA kA karma sambhava hI nahIM hogaa| anubhava aura Adhunika manovijJAna donoM hI isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki duSkarma jitanA bar3A hogA, use karate samaya vyakti utane hI bhAvAveza meM hogaa| hatyAeM, balAtkAra Adi sabhI duSkarma bhAvAvezoM meM hI sambhava hote haiN| vAsanA kA Avega jitanA tIvra hai, AtmacetanA utanI hI dhUmila hotI hai, kuNThita hotI hai aura usI sthiti meM pApa kA yA burAiyoM kA udbhava hotA hai| rAgAbhAva, mamatva, Asakti, tRSNA Adi ko isIlie pApa aura adharma ke mUla mAne gae haiM, kyoMki ye AvegoM ko utpanna kara hamArI sajagatA ko kama karate haiN| jaba bhI vyakti kAma meM hotA hai, krodha meM hotA hai lobha meM hotA hai apane Apa ko bhUla jAtA hai, usake Avega itane tIvra banate jAte haiM ki vaha AtmavismRta hotA jAtA hai, apanA ApA kho baiThatA hai, ataH ve saba bAteM jo Atma-vismRti lAtI haiM pApa mAnI gaI haiM, adharma mAnI gaI haiN| vastutaH dharma aura adharma kI eka kasauTI yaha hai ki jahAM AtmavismRti hai vahAM adharma hai aura jahAM Atma-smRti hai, Atma cetanA hai, sajagatA hai, vahAM dharma hai| ' dUsarI bAta, jisa AdhAra para hama manuSya aura pazu meM koI aMtara kara sakate haiM aura jise mAnava kI vizeSatA yA svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai vaha hai vivekshiiltaa| aksara manuSya kI paribhASA hama eka bauddhika prANI ke rUpa meM karate haiM aura manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai to yaha viveka yA jJAna kA tatva hI eka aisA tatva hai jo ise pazu se pRthak kara sakatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai AhAranidrAbhayamaithunaMca sAmAnyametad pazubhiH naaraannaam|. jJAno hI teSAM adhiko vizeSo, jJAnena hInA naraH pazubhiH samAnA / hama se yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki yaha vivekazIlatA kyA hai? vastutaH yadi hama sarala bhASA meM kaheM to kisI bhI kriyA ke karane ke pUrva usake sambhAvita acche aura bure pariNAmoM para vicAra kara lenA hI viveka hai| hama jo kucha karane jA rahe haiM yA kara rahe haiM usakA pariNAma hamAre lie yA samAja ke lie hitakara hai yA ahitakara isa bAta kA vicAra kara lenA hI viveka hai| yadi Apa apane pratyeka AcaraNa ko sampAdita karane ke * pahale usake pariNAmoM para pUrI sAvadhAnI ke sAtha vicAra karate haiM to Apa vivekazIla mAne jA sakate haiN| jisameM apane hitAhita yA dUsaroM ke hitAhita ko samajhane kI zakti hai vahIM vivekazIla yA dhArmika ho sakatA hai| jo vyakti apane aura dUsaroM ke hitAhitoM para pUrva meM vicAra nahIM karatA hai vaha kabhI bhI dhArmika nahIM kahalA sktaa| yaha bAta bahuta (157)

Page #162
spaSTa hai ki jo vyakti apane pratyeka AcaraNa ko karane ke pahale taulegA, usake hitAhita kA vicAra karegA vaha kabhI bhI durAcaraNa, adharma aura anaitikatA kI ora agrasara nahIM ho skegaa| isalie hama kaha sakate haiM ki vivekazIla honA manuSya kA eka mahatvapUrNa guNa hai aura jisa sImA taka usameM isa guNa kA vikAsa huA hai usI sImA taka usameM dhArmikatA hai| vastutaH jahAM jIvana meM vivekazIlatA hogI vahAM dharma ke nAma para panapane vAle chalachadma aMdhazraddhA tathA DhoMga aura ADambara apane Apa hI samApta ho jaaeNge| yadi hameM dhArmika honA hai to hameM sabase pahale vivekI bananA hogaa| jo vyakti sajaga nahIM hai, jo apane AcaraNa aura vyavahAra ke hitAhita kA vicAra nahIM karatA hai vaha kadApi dhArmika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahAM bhI vyakti meM sajagatA aura vicArazIlatA kA abhAva hai, vahIM adharma kI sambhAvanAeM haiN| yadi hama AtmacetanatA ko samyak - darzana kaheM to vivekazIlatA ko samyak - jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba hamAre AcaraNa ke sAtha AtmacetanatA aura vivekazIlatA jur3egI tabhI hamArA AcaraNa dhArmika bnegaa| . viveka eka aisA tatva hai jo pratyeka AcAra aura vyavahAra kA deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke saMdarbha meM samyak mUlyAMkana karatA hai| viveka zakti ke mUlyAMkana kI kSamatA kA paricAyaka hai| viveka eka aisI kSamatA hai jo sampUrNa paristhiti ko dRSTi meM rakhakara AcaraNa ke pariNAmoM kA niSpakSa mUlyAMkana karatI hai jIvana meM jaba viveka kA vikAsa hotA hai, to dUsaroM ke duHkha aura pIr3A kA Atmavat dRSTi se mUlyAMkana hotA hai svArthavRtti kSINa hone lagatI hai, samatA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura jIvana meM dharma kA prakaTana hotA hai| isa prakAra viveka dharma aura dhArmikatAkA Avazyaka lakSaNa hai| dharma aura dhArmikatA kA vikAsa viveka kI bhUmi para hI sambhava hai, ataH viveka dharma hai| Apa dhArmika haiM yA nahIM? isakI sIdhI aura sApha pahacAna yahI hai ki Apa kisI kriyA ko karane ke pUrva usake pariNAmoM para samyak rUpa se vicAra karate haiN| kyA Apa apane hitoM aura dUsaroM ke hitoM kA samAna rUpa se mUlyAMkana karate haiM? yadi ina praznoM kA uttara sakArAtmaka hai to nizcaya hI Apa dhArmika haiN| viveka ke Aloka meM vikasita Atmavat - dRSTi hI dharma aura dhArmikatA kA AdhAra hai| . manuSya aura pazu meM tIsarA aura sabase mahatvapUrNa aMtara isa bAta ko lekara hai ki manuSya meM saMyama kI zakti hai, vaha apane AcAra aura vyavahAra ko niyaMtrita kara sakatA hai| yadi hama pazu kA jIvana dekheM to hameM lagegA ki ve eka prAkRtika jIvana jIte haiN| pazu tabhI khAtA hai jaba bhUkhA hotA hai| pazu ke lie yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki bhUkhA hone (158)

Page #163
para khAdya-sAmagrI kI upasthiti meM vaha use na khaae| kiMtu manuSya ke AcaraNa kI eka vizeSatA hai, vaha bhUkhA hote hue bhI aura khAdya-sAmagrI ke upalabdha hote hue bhI bhojana karane se iMkAra kara degA, dUsarI ora manuSya ke lie yaha bhI sambhava hai ki bharapeTa bhojana ke bAda bhI vaha susvAdu padArtha upalabdha hone para unheM khA letA hai| isa prakAra manuSya meM eka ora AtmasaMyama kI sambhAvanAeM haiM to dUsarI ora vAsanAoM se prerita ho kara vaha eka aprAkRtika jIvana bhI jI sakatA hai| isIlie hama kaha sakate haiM ki yadi koI manuSya kI vizeSatA ho sakatI hai to vaha usameM nihita Atma-niyaMtraNa yA saMyama kA sAmarthya hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki manuSya meM jaivika Avega to bahuta haiM, AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki usake AvegoM ko kaise niyaMtrita kiyA jAe? jaivika AvegoM ke aniyaMtraNa kA jIvana adharma kA jIvana hai| manuSya kA dharma aura dhArmikatA isI meM hai ki vaha Atmacetana hokara vivekazIlatA ke sAtha apanI vAsanAoM ko saMyamita kre| yadi vaha itanA kara pAtA hai to hI use hama dhArmika kaha sakate haiN| manuSya ke dhArmika hone kA matalaba hai usakI cetanA sajaga rahe aura usakA viveka vAsanAoM ko niyaMtrita karatA manuSya kA sAmAjika dharma dharma ko jaba hama vastu svabhAva ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM to hamAre sAmane prazna upasthita hotA hai ki eka manuSya ke rUpa meM hamArA dharma kyA hai? manuSya kA mUla svabhAva manuSyatA hI ho sakatA hai, lekina prazna hai ki manuSyatA se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai? vaha kauna sA tatva hai jo manuSya ko pazu se bhinna karatA hai| isa sambaMdha meM carcA karate hue hamane dekhA thA ki AtmacetanA (Self Awarencess), viveka aura saMyama ye tIna aise tatva haiM jo manuSya ko apanI upasthiti ke kAraNa pazu se Upara uThA dete haiN| ina sabake sAtha hI eka aura viziSTa guNa manuSya kA hai jo use mahanIyatA pradAna karatA hai, vaha hai usakI sAmAjika cetnaa| pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne manuSya kI paribhASA eka sAmAjika prANI ke rUpa meM kI hai| sAmAjikatA manuSya kA eka viziSTa guNa hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai (Man is a social animal) vaise to sAmUhika jIvana pazuoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, kiMtu manuSya kI yaha sAmUhika jIvana-zailI unase kucha bhinna hai| pazuoM meM pArasparika sambaMdha to hote haiM kiMtu unheM una sambaMdhoM kI cetanA nahIM hotI hai| manuSya jIvana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki use una pArasparika sambaMdhoM kI cetanA hotI hai aura usI cetanA ke kAraNa usameM eka-dUsare ke prati dAyitva-bodha aura (159)

Page #164
kartavya-bodha hotA hai| pazuoM meM bhI pArasparika hita sAdhana kI pravRtti to hotI hai, kiMtu vaha eka aMdha mUlapravRtti hai| usa aMdha-pravRtti ke anusAra hI AcaraNa karane meM pazu vivaza hotA hai| usake sAmane yaha vikalpa nahIM hotA ki vaha vaisA AcaraNa kare yA nahIM kre| kiMtu isa sambaMdha meM mAnavIya-cetanA svataMtra hotI hai| usameM apane dAyitva-bodha kI cetanA hotI hai| kisI urdU zAyara ne kahA bhI hai - vaha AdamI hI kyA hai, jo darda AzanA na ho! .. patthara se kama hai, dila zarara gara nihA nahIM! jainAcArya umAsvAti ne bhI na kevala manuSya kA, apitu samasta jIvana kA lakSaNa pArasparika hita sAdhana ko mAnA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM kahA hai - "parasparopagrahojIvAnAm / ' eka dUsare ke kalyANa meM sahayogI bananA yahI jIvana kI viziSTatA hai| isI artha meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai aura dUsare manuSyoM evaM prANiyoM kA hita sAdhana usakA dharma hai| dhArmika hone kA eka artha yaha hai ki hama eka-dUsare ke sahayogI bneN| dUsare ke duHkha aura pIr3A ko apanI pIr3A samajheM tathA usake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kreN| jaina Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM dharma kI paribhASA karate hue bahuta spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai - 'save sattA Na haMtavvA, esa dhamme Niie, sAsae samicca loyaM kheyaNNehiM paveie' 'arthAt bhUtakAla meM jo arhat hue haiM, vartamAnakAla meM jo arhat haiM aura bhaviSyakAla meM jo arhata hoMge, ve sabhI eka hI saMdeza dete haiM ki kisI prANI kI, kisI satva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, usakA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie, use pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAnI cAhie, yahI ekamAtra zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai|' isa dharma kI lokakalyANakArI cetanA kA prasphuTana loka kI pIr3A ke nivAraNa ke lie hI huA hai aura yahI dharma kA sAratatva hai| kahA hai - | yahI hai ibAdata, yahI hai dInoM imaaN| ki kAma Ae duniyA meM, iMsA ke iNsaa|| . dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko samajhakara usake nivAraNa kA prayatna karanA, yahI dharma kI mUla AtmA ho sakatI hai| saMta tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI kahA hai parahita sarisa dharama nahiM bhAI, parapIr3A sama nahIM adhmaaii|. ahiMsA kI cetanA kA vikAsa tabhI sambhava hai, jaba manuSya meM Atmavat (160)

Page #165
sarvabhUteSu' kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa hogaa| jaba hama dUsaroM ke darda ko apanA darda samajheMge tabhI hama lokamaMgala kI dizA meM athavA parapIr3A ke nivAraNa kI dizA meM Age bar3ha skeNge| parapIr3A kI yaha AtmAnubhUti bhI vastuniSTha na hokara AtmaniSTha honI caahie| hama dUsaroM kI pIr3A ke mUka darzaka na rheN| aisA dharma aura aisI ahiMsA, jo dUsaroM kI pIr3A kI mUka darzaka banI rahatI hai, vastutaH vaha na dharma hai aura na ahiNsaa| ahiMsA kevala dUsaroM ko pIr3A na dene taka sImita nahIM hai, usameM lokamaMgala aura lokakalyANa kA ajastra-strota bhI pravAhita hai| jaba loka-pIr3A apanI pIr3A bana jAtI hai, tabhI dhArmikatA kA strota aMdara se pravAhita hotA hai| tIrthaMkaroM, arhatoM aura buddhoM ne jaba loka-pIr3A kI yaha anubhUti AtmaniSTha rUpa meM kI, to ve lokakalyANa ke lie sakriya bana ge| jaba dUsaroM kI pIr3A aura vedanA hameM apanI lagatI hai taba lokakalyANa bhI dUsaroM ke lie na hokara apane hI lie ho jAtA hai| urdU zAyara amIra ne kahA hai khaMjara cale kisI pe, tar3apate haiM hama miir| sAre jahAM kA darda, hamAre z2igara meM hai| .. jaba sAre jahAM kA darda kisI ke hRdaya meM samA jAtA hai to vaha lokakalyANa ke maMgalamayamArga para cala par3atA hai| usakA yaha calanA bAharI nahIM hotA hai| usake sAre vyavahAra meM aMtazcetanA kAma karatI hai aura yahI aMtazcetanA dhArmikatA kA mUla utsa (Essence) hai, ise hI dAyitva-bodha kI sAmAjika cetanA kahA jAtA hai| jaba yaha dAyitva-bodha kI sAmAjika cetanA jAgrata hotI hai, to manuSya meM dhArmikatA prakaTa hotI hai| dUsaroM ke prati AtmIyatA ke bhAva kA jAgrata honA hI dhArmika banane kA sabase pahalA upakrama hai| yadi hamAre jIvana meM dUsaroM kI pIr3A, dUsaroM kA darda apanA nahIM banA hai to hameM yaha nizcita hI samajha lenA cAhie ki hamameM dharma kA avataraNa nahIM huA hai| dUsaroM kI pIr3A kI AtmaniSTha anubhUti se jAgRta dAyitva-bodha kI aMtazcetanA ke binA sAre dhArmika kriyA-kANDa, pAkhaNDa yA DhoMga haiN| unakA dhArmikatA se dUra kA riztA nahIM hai| jaina dharma ke samyak - darzana, jo ki dhArmikatA kI AdhArabhUmi hai- ke jo pAMca aMga mAne gae haiM, unameM samabhAva aura anukampA sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa haiN| sAmAjika dRSTi se samabhAva kA artha hai- dUsaroM ko apane samAna smjhnaa| kyoMki ahiMsA evaM lokakalyANa kI aMtazcetanA kA udbhava isI AdhAra para hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra maiM jInA cAhatA hUM, maranA nahIM cAhatA hUM usI prakAra saMsAra (161)

Page #166
ke sabhI prANI jIvana ke icchuka haiM aura mRtyu se bhayabhIta haiM, jisa prakAra maiM sukha kI prApti cAhatA hUM aura duHkha se bacanA cAhatA hUM usI prakAra vizva ke sabhI prANI sukha ke icchuka haiM aura duHkha se dUra rahanA cAhate haiN|' yahI vaha dRSTi hai jisa para ahiMsA kA, dharma kA aura naitikatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| ___ jaba taka dUsaroM ke prati hamAre mana meM samabhAva arthAt samAnatA kA bhAva, jAgRta nahIM hotA, anukampA nahIM AtI arthAt unakI pIr3A hamArI pIr3A nahIM banatI taba taka samyak - darzana kA udaya bhI nahIM hotA, jIvana meM dharma kA avataraNa nahIM hotaa| asara lakhanavI kA yaha nimna zera isa sambaMdha meM kitanA maujUM hai -.. ImAM galata usUla galata, udduA glt| iMsAM kI diladihI, agara iMsAM na kara ske|| adhyAtma aura vijJAna aupaniSadika RSigaNa, buddha aura mahAvIra bhAratIya adhyAtma paramparA ke unnAyaka rahe haiN| unake AdhyAtmika ciMtana ne bhAratIya mAnasa ko AtmatoSa pradAna kiyA hai| kiMtu Aja hama vijJAna ke yuga meM jIvanaM jI rahe haiN| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyAM bhI Aja hameM udvelita kara rahI haiN| Aja kA manuSya do taloM para jIvana jI rahA hai| yadi vijJAna ko nakAratA hai to jIvana kI sukha-suvidhA aura samRddhi ke khone kA khatarA hai| dUsarI ora adhyAtma ko nakArane para Atma-zAMti se vaMcita hotA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ina RSi-maharSiyoM dvArA pratisthApita AdhyAtmika mUlyoM aura Adhunika vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM ke samanvaya kii| nizcaya hI vijJAna aura adhyAtma' kI carcA Aja prAsaMgika sAmAnyatayA Aja vijJAna aura adhyAtma ko paraspara virodhI avadhAraNAoM ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| jahAM adhyAtma ko dharmavAda aura pAralaukikatA ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai, vahIM vijJAna aura bhautikatA aura ihalaukikatA ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai| Aja donoM meM virodha mAnA jAtA hai, lekina yaha avadhAraNA bhI bhrAMta hai| prAcIna yuga meM to vijJAna aura adhyAtma ye zabda bhI paraspara bhinna artha ke bodhaka nahIM the| mahAvIra ne AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai ki jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai|' yahAM AtmajJAna aura vijJAna donoM eka hI haiN| vastutaH vijJAna zabda vijJAna se banA hai, 'vi' upasarga viziSTatA kA dyotaka hai arthAt viziSTa jJAna hI vijJAna hai| Aja (162)

Page #167
jo vijJAna zabda kevala padArtha-jJAna ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai, vaha mUlataH viziSTa jJAna yA AtmajJAna hI thaa| AtmajJAna hI vijJAna hai| punaH adhyAtma zabda bhI adhi+Atma se banA hai| adhi' upasarga bhI viziSTatA kA hI sUcaka hai, jo Atma kI viziSTatA hai, vahI adhyAtma hai| cUMki AtmA jJAna svarUpa hI hai, ataH jJAna hI viziSTatA hI adhyAtma hai aura vahI vijJAna hai| phira bhI Aja vijJAna padArtha-jJAna ke artha meM aura adhyAtma AtmajJAna ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM vijJAna sAdhakoM kA jJAna hai to adhyAtma sAdhya kA jnyaan| prastuta nibaMdha meM inhIM rUr3ha arthoM meM vijJAna aura adhyAtma zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| eka hameM bAhya-jagat meM jor3atA hai to dUsarA hameM Atmajagat se| donoM hI 'yoga' haiN| eka sAdhana-yogya hai to dUsarA saadhy-yog| eka hameM jIvanazailI (Life style) detA hai to dUsarA hameM jIvana-sAdhya (Goal of life) detA hai| Aja hamArA durbhAgya yahI hai ki jo eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM unheM hamane eka-dUsare kA virodhI mAna liyA hai| Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki inakI paraspara pUraka zakti yA abhinnatA ko samajhA jaae| Aja hama vijJAna ko padArtha vijJAna mAnate haiN| yadyapi Aja hamane 'para' yA 'anAtma' ke saMdarbha meM itanA adhika jJAna arjita kara liyA hai ki 'sva' yA Atma' ko vismRta kara baiThe haiN| hamane paramANu ke AvaraNa ko tor3akara usake jarre -jarre ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA, kiMtu durbhAgya yahI hai ki apanI AtmA ke AcaraNa ko bhedakara apane Apako nahIM jAna ske| hama paridhi ko.vyApakatA dene meM keMdra ko hI bhulA baitthe| manuSya kI yaha parakeMdritatA hI use apane Apa se bahuta dUra le gaI hai| yahI Aja ke jIvana kI trAsadI hai| vaha duniyA ko samajhatA hai, jAnatA hai, parakhatA hai, kiMtu apane prati tandrAgrasta hai| use svayaM yaha bodha nahIM hai ki maiM kauna hUM ? merA kartavya kyA hai? lakSya kyA hai? vaha bhaTaka rahA hai, mAtra bhaTaka rahA hai| Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva mahAvIra ne manuSya kI usa pIr3A ko samajhA thaa| unhoMne kahA thA ki kitane hI loga aise haiM jo nahIM jAnate ki maiM kauna hUM? kahAM se AyA hUM merA gaMtavya kyA hai? yaha kevala mahAvIra ne kahA ho aisI bAta nahIM hai| buddha ne bhI kahA thA 'adAnaM gavessetha' apane ko khojo| aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne kahA - 'AtmAnaM viddhi', apane Apako jAno yahI jIvana parizodha kA mUlamaMtra hai| Aja hameM punaH inhIM praznoM ke uttara ko khojanA hai| Aja kA vijJAna Apako padArtha jagat ke saMdarbha meM sUkSmatama sUcanAeM de sakatA hai| kiMtu ve sUcanAeM hamAre lie ThIka usI taraha arthahIna haiM jisa prakAra jaba taka AMkha na khulI ho, prakAza kA koI (163)

Page #168
mUlya nhiiN| vijJAna prakAza hai, kiMtu adhyAtma kI AMkha ke binA usakI koI sArthakatA nahIM hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA thA - aMdhe vyakti ke sAmane karor3oM dIpaka jalAne se kyA lAbha? jisakI AMkha khulI ho usake lie eka hI dIpaka paryApta hai| Aja ke manuSya kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| vaha vijJAna aura takanIka ke sahAre bAhya-jagat meM cakAcauMdha vidyuta phailA rahA hai kiMtu apane aMtarcakSu kA unmIlana nahIM kara pA rahA hai| prakAza kI cakAcauMdha meM hama apane ko hI nahIM dekha pA rahe haiN| yaha satya hai ki prakAza Avazyaka hai, kiMtu AMkheM khole binA usakA koI mUlya nahIM hai| vijJAna ne manuSya ko zakti dI hai| Aja vaha dhvani se bhI adhika tIvra gati se yAtrA kara sakatA hai| kiMtu smaraNa rahe vijJAna jIvana ke lakSya kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| lakSya kA nirdhAraNa to adhyAtma hI kara sakatA hai| vijJAna sAdhana detA hai, lekina unakA upayoga kisa dizA meM karanA hogA yaha batalAnA adhyAtma kA kArya hai| pUjya vinobA jI ke zabdoM meM vijJAna meM doharI zakti hotI hai vaha vinAza-zakti aura dUsarI vikaas-shkti| vaha sevA bhI kara sakatA hai aura saMhAra bhii| agni nArAyaNa kI khoja huI to usase rasoI bhI banAI jA sakatI hai aura usase Aga bhI lagAI jA sakatI hai| agni kA prayoga ghara phUMkane meM karanA yA cUlhA jalAne meM yaha akla vijJAna meM nahIM hai| akla to AtmajJAna meM hai| Age ve kahate haiM- AtmajJAna hai- AMkha aura vijJAna hai-pAMvA agara mAnava ko AtmajJAna nahIM hai to vaha aMdhA hai| kahAM calA jAegA kucha patA nhii| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to adhyAtma dekhatA to hai, lekina cala nahIM sktaa| usameM lakSya bodha to hai, kiMtu gati kI zakti nhiiN| vijJAna meM zakti to hai kiMtu gati kI zakti nhiiN| vijJAna meM zakti to hai kiMtu AMkha nahIM hai, lakSya kA bodha nahIM hai| jisa prakAra aMdhe aura laMgar3e donoM hI paraspara sahayoga ke abhAva meM dAvAnala meM jala marate haiM, ThIka isI prakAra yadi Aja vijJAna aura adhyAtma paraspara eka dUsare ke pUraka nahIM hoMge to mAnavatA apane hI dvArA lagAI gaI visphoTaka zastroM kI isa Aga meM jala mregii| binA vijJAna ke saMsAra meM sukha nahIM A sakatA aura binA adhyAtma ke zAMti nahIM A sktii| mAnava samAja kI sukha (Pleasure) aura zAMti (Peace) ke lie donoM kA paraspara honA Avazyaka hai| vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA upayoga mAnava-kalyANa meM ho yA mAnava-saMhAra meM, isa bAta kA nirdhAraNa vijJAna se nahIM, AtmajJAna yA adhyAtma se karanA hogaa| aNu zakti kA upayoga mAnava ke saMhAra meM ho yA mAnava ke kalyANa meM, yaha nirNaya karane kA adhikAra una vaijJAnikoM ko bhI nahIM hai, jo sattA, svArtha aura samRddhi ke pIche aMdhe rAjanetAoM ke dAsa haiN| yaha nirNaya to mAnavIya viveka sampanna niHspRha (164)

Page #169
sAdhakoM ko hI karanA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki vijJAna ke sahayoga se takanIka kA vikAsa huA hai aura usane mAnava ke bhautika duHkhoM ko bahuta kucha kama kara diyA hai, kiMtu dUsarI ora usane mAraka zakti ke vikAsa ke dvArA bhaya yA saMtrAsa kI sthiti utpanna kara mAnava kI zAMti ko bhI chIna liyA hai| Aja manuSya jAti bhayabhIta aura saMtrasta hai| Aja vaha visphoTaka astroM ke jvAlAmukhI para khar3I hai, jo kaba visphoTa kara hamAre astitva ko nigala legI, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| Aja hamAre pAsa jina saMhAraka astroM kA saMgraha hai, ve pRthvI ke sampUrNa jIvana ko aneka bAra samApta kara sakate haiN| pUjya vinobA jI likhate haiM- 'jo vijJAna eka ora klorophArma kI khoja karatA hai jisase karuNA kA kArya hotA hai, vahI vijJAna aNu astroM kI khoja karatA hai jisase bhayaMkara saMhAra hotA hai| eka bAjU sipAhI ko jakhmI karatA hai dUsarA bAjU usako durusta karatA hai, aisA gorakhadhaMdhA Aja vijJAna kI madada se cala rahA hai| isa hAlata meM vijJAna kA sArA kArya usako milane vAle mArgadarzana para AdhArita hai| use jaisA mArgadarzana milegA, vaha vaisA kArya kreNgaa|' __yadi vijJAna para sattA ke AkAMkSiyoM kA, rAjanItijJoM kA aura apane svArtha kI roTI seMkane vAloM kA adhikAra hogA to vaha manuSya-jAti kA saMhAraka hI bnegaa| kiMtu isake viparIta yadi vijJAna para mAnava-maMgala ke draSTA anAsakta RSiyoM-maharSiyoM kA adhikAra hogA, to vaha mAnava ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hogaa| Aja hama vijJAna ke mAdhyama se takanIkI pragati kI UMcAI taka pahuMca cuke haiM jahAM se lauTanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| Aja manuSya usa dorAhe para khar3A hai, jahAM para use hiMsA aura ahiMsA do rAhoM meM se kisI eka ko cunanA hai| Aja use yaha samajhanA hai ki vaha vijJAna ke sAtha kisako jor3anA cAhatA hai, hiMsA ko yA ahiMsA ko| Aja usake sAmane donoM vikalpa prastuta haiN| vijJAna+ahiMsA = vinAzA jaba vijJAna ahiMsA ke sAtha jur3egA to vaha samRddhi aura zAMti lAegA, kiMtu jaba usakA gaThabaMdhana hiMsA se hogA to saMhAraka hogA aura apane hI hAthoM apanA vinAza kregaa| _Aja vijJAna ke sahAre manuSya ne itanA pAzavika bala saMgRhIta kara liyA hai ki vaha usakA rakSaka na hokara kahIM bhakSaka na bana jAe, yaha use socanA hai| mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA - 'atthi satthena paraMparaM, natthi asatthena prNpr|' zastra eka se bar3hakara eka ho sakatA hai kiMtu ahiMsA se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM ho sktaa| Aja sampUrNa mAnava samAja ko yaha nirNaya lenA hogA ki ve vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA prayoga (165)

Page #170
mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke lie karanA cAhate haiM yA usake saMhAra ke lie| Aja takanIkI pragati ke kAraNa manuSya-manuSya ke bIca kI dUrI kama ho gaI hai| Aja vijJAna ne mAnava samAja ko eka-dUsare ke nikaTa lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai| Aja hama paraspara itane nirbhara bana gae haiM ki eka-dUsare ke binA khar3e bhI nahIM raha skte| kiMtu dUsarI ora AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke abhAva ke kAraNa hamAre hRdayoM kI dUrI adhika vistIrNa ho gaI hai| hRdaya kI isa dUrI ko pATane kA kAma vijJAna nahIM adhyAtma hI kara sakatA hai| . vijJAna kA kArya hai - vizleSita karanA aura adhyAtma kA kArya hai - saMzleSita krnaa| vijJAna tor3atA hai, adhyAtma jor3atA hai| vijJAna viyojaka hai to adhyAtma saMyojakA vijJAna para keMdrita hai to adhyAtma aatm-keNdrit| vijJAna sikhAtA hai ki hamAre sukhaduHkha kA keMdra vastueM haiM, padArtha haiM, isake viparIta adhyAtma kahatA hai ki sukha-duHkha kA keMdra AtmA hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi bAhara dekhatI hai, adhyAtma aMdara meM dekhatA hai| vijJAna kI yAtrA aMdara se bAhara kI ora hai to adhyAtma kI yAtrA bAhara se aMdara kI ora hotI rahI to vaha zAMti, jisakI use khoja hai, kabhI nahIM milegii| kyoMki bahirmukhI yAtrI zAMti kI khoja vahAM karatA hai jahAM vaha nahIM hai| zAMti aMdara hai usakI khoja bAhara vyartha hai| isa sambaMdha meM eka rUpaka yAda AtA hai| eka vRddhA zAma ke samaya kucha sI rahI thii| saMyoga se aMdherA bar3hane lagA aura suI usake hAtha se chUTakara kahIM gira pdd'ii| mahilA kI jhopar3I meM prakAza kA sAdhana nahIM thA aura prakAza ke binA suI kI khoja asambhava thii| bur3hiyA ne socA kyA huA, agara prakAza bAhara hai to sUI ko vahIM khojA jaae| vaha usa prakAza meM suI khojatI rahI, kiMtu suI vahAM kaba milane vAlI thI, kyoMki vaha vahAM thI hI nhiiN| prAtaH hone vAlA thA ki koI yAtrI udhara se nikalA, usane vRddhA se usakI parezAnI kA kAraNa puuchaa| usane pUchA- ammA suI girI kahAM thI? vRddhA ne uttara diyA - 'beTA' suI to jhopar3I meM thI, kiMtu ujAlA nahIM thA ataH vahAM khojanA sambhava nahIM thaa| ujAlA bAhara thA, isalie maiM yahAM khoja rahI thii| yAtrI ne uttara diyA- yaha sambhava nahIM hai ammA ! jo cIja jahAM nahIM hai vahAM khojane para mila jaae| sUrya kA prakAza hone ko hai usa prakAza meM suI vahIM khojeM jahAM girI hai| Aja mAnava samAja kI sthiti bhI usI vRddhA ke samAna hai| hama zAMti kI khoja vahAM kara rahe haiM, jahAM vaha hotI hI nhiiN| zAMti AtmA meM hai, aMdara hai| vijJAna ke sahAre Aja zAMti kI khoja ke prayatna usa bur3hiyA ke prayatnoM ke samAna nirarthaka hI hoNge| vijJAna, sAdhana de sakatA hai, zakti de sakatA hai kiMtu lakSya kA nirdhAraNa to hameM hI karanA hogaa| (166)

Page #171
Aja vijJAna ke kAraNa mAnava ke pUrvasthApita jIvana mUlya samApta ho gae haiN| Aja zraddhA kA sthAna tarka ne le liyA hai| Aja manuSya pAralaukika upalabdhiyoM ke sthAna para ihalaukika upalabdhiyoM ko cAhatA hai| Aja ke tarkapradhAna manuSya ko sukha aura zAMti ke nAma prA bahalAyA nahIM jA sakatA, lekina durbhAgya yaha hai ki Aja hama adhyAtma ke abhAva meM nae jIvana mUlyoM kA sRjana nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| Aja vijJAna kA yuga hai| Aja usa dharma ko, jo pAralaukika jIvana kI sukha-suvidhAoM ke nAma para mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA zoSaNa kara rahA hai, jAnanA hogaa| Aja tathAkathita ve dharma paramparAeM jo manuSya ko bhaviSya ke sunahare sapane dikhAkara phusalAyA karatI thIM, aba tarka kI painI chenI ke Age apane ko nahIM bacA sktiiN| aba svarga meM jAne ke lie nahIM jInA hai apitu svarga ko dharatI para lAne ke lie jInA hogaa| vijJAna ne hameM vaha zakti de dI hai, jisase svarga ko dharatI para utArA jA sakatA hai| aba yadi hama isa zakti kA. upayoga dharatI para svarga utArane ke sthAna para, dharatI ko naraka banAne meM kareMge to isakI javAbadehI hama para hI hogii| Aja vaijJAnika zaktiyoM kA upayoga isa dRSTi se karanA hai ki ve mAnava-kalyANa meM sahabhAgI banakara isa dharatI ko hI svarga banA skeN| vinobA jI ne satya hI kahA hai- Aja vijJAna kA to vikAsa huA kiMtu vaijJAnika utpanna hI nahIM huA kyoMki vaijJAnika vaha hai jo nirapekSa hotA hai| Aja kA vaijJAnika rAjanItijJoM aura pUMjIpatiyoM ke izAre para calane vAlA vyakti hai| vaha paise se kharIdA jA sakatA hai| yaha to vaijJAnika kI gulAmI hai| aise loga avaijJAnika haiM yadi vaijJAnika (Scientist) vaijJAnika (Scientific) nahIM banA to vijJAna manuSya ke lie hI ghAtaka siddha hogaa| Aja vijJAna kA upayoga kaise kiyA jAe isakA uttara vijJAna ke pAsa nahIM adhyAtma ke pAsa hai| vinobA jI likhate haiM ki Aja yuga kI mAMga se vijJAna kI jitanI hI zakti bddh'egii| AtmajJAna ko utanI hI zakti bar3hAnI hogii| Aja amerikA isalie duHkhI hai ki vahAM vijJAna to hai, para adhyAtma hai nahIM, ataH sukha to hai, zAMti nhiiN| isake viparIta bhArata meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kAraNa mAnasika zAMti to hai, kiMtu samRddhi nhiiN| Aja jahAM samRddhi hai vahAMzAMti nahIM aura jahAM zAMti hai vahAM samRddhi nhiiN| isakA samAdhAna AdhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya meM nihita hai| adhyAtma zAMti degA to vijJAna smRddhi| jaba samRddhi aura zAMti donoM hI eka sAtha upalabdha hoMgI, mAnavatA apane vikAsa ke parama zikhara para hogaa| mAnava svayaM atimAnava ke rUpa meM vikasita ho jaaegaa| kiMtu isake lie prayatna karanA hogaa| binA aDiga AsthA aura satat puruSArtha ke yaha sambhava nhiiN| (167) nhaa| .

Page #172
- Aja vijJAna ne manuSya ko sukha-suvidhA aura samRddhi to pradAna kara dI hai| phi ra bhI manuSya bhaya aura tanAva kI sthiti meM jI rahA hai| use AMtarika zAMti upalabdha nahIM hai usakI samAdhi bhaMga ho cukI hai| yadi vijJAna ke mAdhyama se koI zAMti A sakatI hai to vaha kevala zmazAna kI zAMti hogii| bAharI sAdhanoM se na kabhI AMtarika zAMti milI hai, na usakA milanA sambhava hI hai| isa prasaMga meM upaniSadoM kA eka prasaMga yAda A rahA hai - nArada jIvana bhara veda-vedAMga kA adhyayana karate rhe| unhoMne aneka vidyAeM (bhautika vidyAeM) prApta kara lI, kiMtu unake mana ko kahIM saMtoSa nahIM milaa| ve sanatkumAra ke pAsa Ae aura kahane lage maiMne aneka zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| maiM zAstravid to hUM kiMtu Atmavid nhiiN| Aja ke vaijJAnika bhI nArada kI bhAMti hI haiN| ve zAstravid to haiM, kiMtu Atmavid nhiiN| Atmavid hue binA zAMti ko nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| yadyapi mere kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki hama vijJAna aura usakI upalabdhiyoM ko tilAMjali de deN| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM kA parityAga na to sambhava hai, na aucityapUrNa hai| kiMtu adhyAtma yA mAnavIya viveka ko inakA anuzAsaka honA caahie| adhyAtma hI vijJAna kA anuzAsaka ho tabhI eka samagratA yA pUrNatA AegI aura manuSya eka sAtha samRddhi aura zAMti ko pA skegaa| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM jise hama padArtha jJAna yA vijJAna kahate haiM use avidyA kahA gayA hai aura jise hama adhyAtma kahate haiM vidyA kahA gayA hai| upaniSadkAra donoM ke sambaMdha ko ucita batAte hue kahatA hai- jo padArtha vijJAna yA avidyA kI upAsanA karatA hai vaha aMdhakAra meM, tamasa meM praveza karatA hai, kyoMki vijJAna yA padArtha vijJAna aMdhA hai| kiMtu sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI cetAvanI detA hai ki jo kevala vidyA meM rata haiM, ve usase adhika aMdhakAra meM cale jAte haiM (aMdha tamaH pravizanti ye'vidyaamupaaste| tato bhUya iva te tamo ya u vidyAyAM rtaaH')|' vastutaH vaha jo avidyA aura vidyA donoM kI eka sAtha upAsanA karatA hai vaha avidyA dvArA mRtyu ko pAra karatA hai arthAt sAMsArika kaSToM se mukti pAtA hai aura vidyA dvArA amRta prApta karatA hai| vidyA cAvidyAM ca yastavedomayaM sh| avidyayA mRtyu tIA vidyyaamRtmshnute||' yaha amRta Atma-zAMti yA AtmatoSa hI hai| ataH jaba vijJAna aura adhyAtma kA samanvaya hogA tabhI mAnavatA kA kalyANa hogaa| vijJAna jIvana ke kaSToM ko samApta kara degA aura adhyAtma AMtarika zAMti ko pradAna kregaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM mahAvIra ne adhyAtma ke lie 'ajjhattha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki isI ke dvArA Atma-vizuddhi ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH adhyAtma kucha nahIM hai, vaha Atma-upalabdhi yA Atma-vizuddhi kI hI eka (168)

Page #173
prakriyA hai, usakA prArambha AtmajJAna se hai aura usakI pariniSpatti AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke prati aTUTa niSThA meM hai| vastutaH Aja jitanI mAtrA meM padArtha vijJAna vikasita huA hai utanI hI mAtrA meM AtmajJAna ko vikasita honA caahie| vijJAna kI daur3a meM adhyAtma pIche raha gayA hai| padArtha ko jAnane ke prayatnoM meM hama apane ko bhulA baiThe haiN| merI dRSTi meM AtmajJAna koI amUrta, tAtvika AtmA kI khoja nahIM hai, balki apane Apako jAnanA hai| apane Apako jAnane kA tAtparya apane meM nihita vAsanAoM aura vikAroM ko dekhanA hai| AtmajJAna kA artha hotA hai - hama vaha dekheM ki hamAre jIvana meM kahAM ahaMkAra chipA par3A hai aura kahAM kisake prati ghRNA-vidveSa ke tatva pala rahe haiN| AtmajJAna korha hauvvA nahIM hai, vaha to apane aMdara jhAMkakara apanI vRttiyoM aura vAsanAoM ko par3hane kI kalA hai| vijJAna dvArA pradatta takanIka ke sahAre hama padArthoM kA parizodhana karanA to sIkha gae aura parizodhana se kitanI kise zakti prApta hotI hai vaha bhI jAna gae, kiMtu AtmA ke parizodhana kI jo kalA adhyAtma ke nAma se hamAre RSi-muniyoM ne dI, Aja hama use bhUla cuke haiN| phira bhI vijJAna ne Aja hamArI sukha-suvidhA pradAna karane ke atirikta jo sabase bar3A upakAra kiyA hai, vaha yaha ki dharmavAda ke nAma para jo aMdhazraddhA aura aMdhavizvAsa pala rahe the unheM tor3a diyA hai| isakA TUTanA Avazyaka bhI thA, kyoMki paraloka kI lorI sunAkara mAnava samAja ko adhika samaya taka bhrama meM rakhanA sambhava nahIM thaa| vijJAna ne acchA hI kiyA hamArA yaha bhrama tor3a diyaa| kiMtu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki bhrama kA TUTanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| isase jo riktatA paidA huI hai use AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSThA ke dvArA hI bharanA hogaa| yaha AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSThA ucca mUlyoM ke prati niSThA hai, jo jIvana ko zAMti aura AtmasaMtoSa pradAna karate haiN| adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA saMgharSa vastutaH bhautikavAda aura adhyAtmavAda kA saMgharSa hai| adhyAtma kI zikSA yahI hai ki bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI aMtima lakSya nahIM hai| daihika evaM Atmika mUlyoM se pare sAmAjika aura mAnavatA ke ucca mUlya bhI haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM adhyAtmavAda kA artha hai padArtha ko parama mUlya na mAnakara AtmA ko hI parama mUlya maannaa| bhautikavAdI dRSTi ke anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata tathya haiN| ataH bhautikavAdI sukhoM kI lAlasA meM vaha vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai tathA unakI upalabdhi hetu zoSaNa aura saMgraha jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoM ko janma detA haiM, jisase vaha svayaM to saMtrasta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha samAja ko bhI saMtrasta banA detA (169)

Page #174
hai| isake viparIta adhyAtmavAda hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha kA keMdra vastu meM na hokara AtmA meM hai| sukha-duHkha Atma-keMdrita hai| AtmA yA vyakti hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| vahI apanA mitra aura vahI apanA zatru hai| supratiSThita arthAt sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA mitra hai aura duHpratiSThita arthAt durguNoM meM sthita AtmA zatru hai| vastutaH AdhyAtmika AnaMda kI upalabdhi padArthoM meM na hokara sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA meM hotI hai| adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra dehAdi sabhI Atmettara padArthoM ke prati mamatvabuddhi kA visarjana sAdhanA kA mUla utsa hai| mamatva kA visarjana aura mamatva kA sRjana yahI jIvana kA parama mUlya hai| jaise hI mamatva kA visarjana hogA samatva kA sRjana hogA, aura jaba samatva kA sRjana hogA to zoSaNa aura saMgraha kI sAmAjika burAiyAM samApta hoNgii| parimANataH vyakti-Atmika zAMti kA anubhava kregaa| adhyAtmavAdI samAja meM vijJAna to rahegA kiMtu usakA upayoga saMhAra meM na hokara sRjana meM hogA, mAnavatA ke kalyANa meM hogaa| ___ aMta meM punaH maiM yahI kahanA cAhUMgA ki vijJAna ke kAraNa jo eka saMtrAsa kI sthiti mAnava samAja meM dikhAI de rahI hai usakA mUlabhUta kAraNa vijJAna nahIM apitu vyakti kI saMkucita aura svArthavAdI dRSTi hI hai| vijJAna to nirapekSa hai, vaha na acchA hai aura na buraa| usakA acchA yA burA honA usake upayoga para nirbhara karatA hai aura isa upayoga kA nirdhAraNa vyakti ke adhikAra kI vastu hai| ataH Aja vijJAna ko nakArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| AvazyakatA hai use samyak-dizA meM niyojita karane kI aura yaha samyak - dizA anya kucha nahIM, yaha sampUrNa mAnavatA ke kalyANa kI vyApaka AkAMkSA hI hai aura isa AkAMkSA kI pUrti adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke samanvaya meM hai| kAza mAnavatA ina donoM meM samanvaya kara sake balki yahI kAmanA hai| . saMdarbha : 1. je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se aayaa| - AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 2/5/5 vahI, 1/1/1 AtmajJAna aura vijJAna (vinovA) (170)

Page #175
4. vahI 5.. vI ___ appA khalu mittaM amittaM ca supaTThio dupaTThio 7. IzAvasyopaniSad , (gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi.saM.2017), 9 8. vahI, 11 (171)

Page #176
dhArmika sahiSNutA aura jaina dharma dhArmika sahiSNutA : Aja kI AvazyakatA Aja kA yuga bauddhika vikAsa aura vaijJAnika pragati kA yuga hai| manuSya ke bauddhika vikAsa ne usakI tArkikatA ko painA kiyA hai| Aja manuSya pratyeka samasyA para tArkika dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai, kiMtu durbhAgya yaha hai ki isa bauddhika vikAsa ke bAvajUda bhI eka ora aMdhavizvAsa aura rUr3hivAditA barAbara kAyama hai, to dUsarI ora vaicArika saMgharSa apanI carama sImA para pahuMca gayA hai| dhArmika evaM rAjanItika sAmpradAyikatA Aja janatA ke mAnasa ko unmAdI banA rahI hai| kahIM dharma ke nAma para, kahIM rAjanItika vicAradhArAoM ke nAma para, kahIM dhanI aura nirdhana ke nAma para, kahIM jAtivAda ke nAma para, kahIM kAle aura gore ke bheda ko lekara manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda kI dIvAreM khIMcI jA rahI haiN| Aja pratyeka dharma-sampradAya, pratyeka rAjanItika dala aura pratyeka varga apane hitoM kI surakSA ke lie dUsare ke astitva ko samApta karane para tulA huA hai| saba apane ko mAnava-kalyANa kA ekamAtra ThekedAra mAnakara apanI satyatA kA dAvA kara rahe haiM aura dUsare kobhrAMta tathA bhraSTa batA rahe haiN| manuSya kI asahiSNutA kI vRtti manuSya ke mAnasa ko unmAdI banAkara pArasparika ghRNA, vidveSa aura bikharAva ke bIja bo rahI hai| eka ora hama pragati kI bAta karate haiM to dUsarI ora manuSya-manuSya ke bIca dIvAra khar3I karate haiN| 'ikabAla' isI bAta ko lekara pUchate haiM phirkebaMdI hai kahIM, aura kahIM jAte haiM, kyA jamAne meM panapane kI bAta yahI bAteM haiM ? yadyapi vaijJAnika takanIka se prApta AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ne Aja vizva kI dUrI ko kama kara diyA hai, hamArA saMsAra simaTa rahA hai, kiMtu Aja manuSyamanuSya ke bIca hRdaya kI dUrI kahIM adhika jyAdA ho rahI hai| vaiyaktika svArthalipsA ke kAraNa manuSya eka-dUsare ko kATatA calA jA rahA hai| Aja vizva kA vAtAvaraNa tanAvapUrNa evaM vikSubdha hai| eka ora ijarAyala aura araba meM yahUdI aura musalamAna lar3a rahe haiM, to dUsarI ora islAma dharma ke hI do sampradAya ziyA aura sunnI irAka aura IrAna meM lar3a rahe haiN| bhArata meM bhI kahIM hindU aura musalamAnoM ko, to kahIM hindU aura sikhoM ko eka-dUsare ke virUddha lar3ane ke lie ubhAr3A jA rahA hai| aphrIkA meM kAle aura gore kA saMgharSa cala (172)

Page #177
rahA hai, to sAmyavAdI rUsa aura pUMjIvAdI saMyukta rAjya amerikA eka-dUsare ko nestanAbUda karane para tule hue haiN| Aja mAnavatA usa kagAra para Akara khar3I ho gaI hai, jahAM se usane yadi apanA rAstA nahIM badalA to usakA sarvanAza nikaTa hai| 'ikabAla' spaSTa zabdoM meM hameM cetAvanI dete hue kahate haiM - agara aba bhI na samajhoge to miTa jAoge duniyAM se| tumhArI dAstAM taka bhI na hogI dAstAnoM meM // vijJAna aura takanIka kI pragati ke nAma para hamane mAnava jAti ke lie vinAza kI citA taiyAra kara lI hai| yadi manuSya kI isa unmAdI pravRtti para koI aMkuza nahIM lagA, to koI bhI choTI sI ghaTanA isa citA ko cinagArI de degI aura taba hama saba apane hAthoM taiyAra kI gaI isa citA meM jalane ko majabUra ho jaaeNge| asahiSNutA aura varga-vidveSa- phira cAhe vaha dharma ke nAma para ho, rAjanIti ke nAma para ho, rASTrIyatA ke nAma para ho yA sAmpradAyikatA ke nAma para - hameM vinAza ke garta kI ora hI lie jA rahe haiN| Aja kI isa sthiti ke sambaMdha meM urdU ke zAyara 'cakabasta' ne ThIka hI kahA hai - miTegA dIna bhI aura AbarU bhI jaaegii| ___ tumhAre nAma se duniyA ko zarma aaegii|| ... ataH Aja eka aise dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hai jo mAnavatA ko durAgraha aura matAndhatA se Upara uThAkara satya ko samajhane ke lie eka samagra dRSTi de sake, tAki vargIya hitoM se Upara uThakara samagra mAnavatA ke kalyANa ko prAthamikatA dI jA ske| dhArmika matAndhatA kyoM ? dharma ko aMgrejI meM rilIjana' (Religion) kahA jAtA hai| rilIjana zabda rilIjera se banA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai - phira se jor3a denaa| dharma manuSya ko manuSya se aura AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA hai| dharma kA avataraNa manuSya ko zAzvata zAMti aura sukha dene ke lie huA hai, kiMtu hamArI matAMdhatA aura unmAdI vRtti * ke kAraNa dharma ke nAma para manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda kI dIvAreM khar3I ho gaI aura use eka-dUsare kA pratispardhI banA diyA gyaa| mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM jitane yuddha aura saMgharSa hue haiM, unameM dhArmika matAndhatA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa rahI hai| dharma ke nAma para manuSya ne aneka bAra khUna kI holI khelI hai aura Aja bhI khela rahe haiN| vizva itihAsa kA adhyetA isa bAta ko bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai ki dhArmika asahiSNutA ne vizva meM jaghanya duSkRtya karAe haiN| Azcarya to yaha hai ki damana, atyAcAra, nRzaMsatA aura (173)

Page #178
raktaplAvana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dharma kA jAmA pahanAyA gayA aura aise yuddhoM ko dharmayuddha .kahakara manuSya ko eka-dUsare ke virUddha ubhAr3A gayA, phalataH zAMti, sevA aura samanvaya kA pratIka dharma hI azAMti, tiraskAra aura varga-vidveSa kA kAraNa bana gyaa| yahAM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dharma ke nAma para jo kucha kiyA yA karAyA jAtA hai, vaha saba dhArmika nahIM hotaa| ina sabake pIche vastutaH dharma nahIM, dharma ke nAma para palane vAlI vyakti kI svArthaparatA kAma karatI hai| vastutaH kucha loga apane kSudra svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie manuSyoM ko dharma ke nAma para eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3A kara dete haiN| dharma bhAvanA-pradhAna hai aura bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3anA sahaja hotA hai| ata: dharma hI eka aisA mAdhyama hai jisake nAma para manuSyoM ko eka dUsare ke virUddha jaldI ubhAr3A jA sakatA hai| isIlie matAndhatA, unmAdI aura svArthI tatvoM ne dharma ko sadaiva hI apane hitoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana banAyA hai| jo dharma manuSya ko manuSya se jor3ane ke lie thA, usI dharma ke nAma para apane se virodhI dharmavAloM ko utpIr3ita karane aura usa para atyAcAra karane ke prayatna hue haiM aura ho rahe haiN| kiMtu dharma ke nAma para hiMsA, saMgharSa aura varga-vidveSa kI jo bhAvanAeM ubhAr3I jA rahI haiM, usakA kAraNa kyA dharma hai ? vastutaH dharma nahIM, apitu dharma kA AvaraNa DAlakara mAnava kI mahatvAkAMkSA, usakA ahaMkAra aura usakI kSudra svArthaparatA hI yaha saba kucha karavA rahI hai| yathArtha meM yaha dharma kA nakAba DAle hue adharma hI hai| dharma ke sAratatva kA jJAna : matAndhatA se mukti kA mArga durbhAgya yaha hai ki Aja janasAmAnya, jise dharma ke nAma para sahaja hI ubhAr3A jAtA hai, dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa se anabhijJa hai, vaha dharma ke mUla hArda ko nahIM samajha pAyA hai| usakI dRSTi meM kucha karmakANDa aura rIti-rivAja hI dharma hai| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamAre tathAkathita dhArmika netAoM ne hameM dharma ke mUla hArda se anabhijJa rakhakara, ina rIti-rivAjoM aura karmakANDoM ko hI dharma kahakara samajhAyA hai| vastutaH Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki manuSya dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko smjhe| Aja mAnava samAja ke samakSa dharma ke usa sArabhUta tatva ko prastuta kie jAne kI AvazyakatA hai, jo sabhI dharmoM meM sAmAnyatayA upasthita hai aura unakI mUlabhUta ekatA kA sUcaka hai| Aja dharma ke mUla hArda aura vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhe binA hamArI dhArmikatA surakSita nahIM raha sakatI hai| yadi Aja dharma ke nAma para vibhAjita hotI huI isa mAnavatA ko punaH jor3anA hai to hameM dharma ke una mUlabhUta tatvoM ko sAmane lAnA hogA, jinake AdhAra para (174) rAhA

Page #179
ina TUTI huI kar3iyoM ko punaH jor3A jA ske| dharma kA marma yaha satya hai ki Aja vizva meM aneka dharma pracalita haiN| kiMtu yadi hama gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kareM to ina vividha dharmoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai- manuSya ko eka acche manuSya ke rUpa meM vikasita kara use paramAtma tatva kI ora le jaanaa| jaba taka manuSya, manuSya nahIM banatA aura usakI yaha manuSyatA devatva kI ora agrasara nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha dhArmika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi manuSya meM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa hI nahIM huA hai to vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM dhArmika nahIM hai| amana' ne ThIka hI kahA hai - iMsAniyata se jisane bazara ko girA diyaa| yA raba! vaha baMdagI huI yA abatarI huii| mAnavatA ke binA dhArmikatA asambhava hai| mAnavatA dhArmikatA kA prathama caraNa hai| mAnavatA kA artha hai - manuSya meM viveka vikasita ho, vaha apane vicAroM, bhAvanAoM aura hitoM para saMyama rakha sake tathA apane sAthI prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajha ske| yadi yaha saba usameM nahIM hai to vaha manuSya hI nahIM hai, to phira usake dhArmika hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki koI pazu dhArmika yA adhArmika nahIM hotA, manuSya hI dhArmika yA adhArmika hotA hai| yadi mAnavIya zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti apane pazutva se Upara nahIM uTha pAyA hai, to usake dhArmika hone kA prazna to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai| mAnavIyatA dhArmikatA kI prathama sIr3hI hai| use pAra kie binA koI dharmamArga meM praveza nahIM kara sktaa| manuSya kA prathama dharma mAnavatA hai| vastutaH yadi hama jaina dharma kI bhASA meM dharma ko vastu-svabhAva mAneM to hameM samagra cetana sattA ke mUla svabhAva ko hI dharma kahanA hogaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA kA svabhAva samatA-samabhAva kahA gayA hai| usameM gaNadhara bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM ki AtmA kyA hai aura AtmA kA sAdhya kyA hai ? pratyuttara meM bhagavAna kahate haiM- AtmA sAmAyika (samatvavRtti) rUpa hai aura usa samatvabhAva ko prApta kara lenA hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai|' AcArAMgasUtra bhI samabhAva ko hI dharma kahatA hai| sabhI dharmoM kA sAra samatA tathA zAMti hai| manuSya meM nihita kAma, krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha aura unake janaka rAga-dveSa aura tRSNA ko samApta karanA hI sabhI dhArmika sAdhanAoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya rahA hai| isa sambaMdha meM zrI satyanArAyaNa jI goyanakA ke nimna vicAra draSTavya haiM- 'krodha, IrSyA, dveSa Adi na hindU haiM, na bauddha, na jaina, na pArasI, na muslima, na iisaaii| vaise inase vimukta rahanA (175)

Page #180
bhI na hindU hai na bauddha, na jaina hai na pArasI, na muslima hai na iisaaii| vikAroM se vimukta rahanA hI zuddha dharma hai| kyA zIlavAna, samAdhivAna aura prajJAvAna honA kevala bauddhoM kA hI dharma hai? kyA vItarAga, vItadveSa aura vItamoha honA jainoM kA hI dharma hai? kyA sthitaprajJa, anAsakta, jIvana-mukta honA hinduoM kA hI dharma hai? dharma kI isa zuddhatA ko samajheM aura dhAraNa kreN| (dharma ke kSetra meM) nissAra chilakoM kA avamUlyana ho, unmUlana ho, zuddhasAra kA mUlyAMkana ho, pratiSThApana ho|'' jaba yaha sthiti AegI, dhArmika sahiSNutA sahaja hI prakaTa hogii| sAdhanAgata vividhatA : asahiSNutA kA AdhAra nahIM . .. tRSNA, rAga-dveSa aura ahaMkAra adharma ke bIja haiN| inase mAnasika aura sAmAjika samabhAva bhaMga hotA hai| ataH inake nirAkaraNa ko sabhI dhArmika sAdhanApaddhatiyAM apanA lakSya banAtI haiN| kiMtu manuSya kA ahaMkAra, manuSya kA. mamatva kaise samApta ho, usakI tRSNA yA Asakti kA uccheda kaise ho? isa sAdhanAtmaka pakSa ko lekara hI vicArabheda prArambha hotA hai| koI parama sattA yA Izvara ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa meM hI Asakti, mamatva aura ahaMkAra ke visarjana kA upAya dekhatA hai, to koI usake lie jagat kI duHkhamayatA, padArthoM kI kSaNikatA aura anAtmatA kA upadeza detA hai, to koI usa Asakti yA rAgabhAva kI vimukti ke lie Atma aura anAtma arthAt sva-para. ke viveka ko dhArmika sAdhanA kA pramukha aMga mAnatA hai| vastutaH yaha sAdhanAtmaka bheda hI dharmoM kI anekatA kA kAraNa hai| kiMtu yaha anekatA dhArmika asahiSNutA yA virodha kA kAraNa nahIM bana sktii| AcArya haribhadra ne yogadRSTisamuccaya meM dhArmika sAdhanA kI vividhatAoM kA suMdara vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM yadvA tattannayApekSA tatkAlAdiniyogataH / RSibhyo dezanA citrA tanmUlaiSApi tatvataH // . arthAt pratyeka RSi apane deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para bhinnabhinna dharmamArgoM kA pratipAdana karate haiN| deza aura kAlagata vividhatAeM tathA sAdhakoM kI ruci aura svabhAvagata vividhatAeM dhArmika sAdhanAoM kI vividhatAoM ke AdhAra haiN| kiMtu isa vividhatA ko dhArmika asahiSNutA kA kAraNa nahIM banane denA caahie| jisa prakAra eka hI nagara ko jAne vAle vividha mArga paraspara bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM sthita hokara bhI virodhI nahIM kahe jAte haiM, eka hI keMdra ko yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khIMcI gaI vividha rekhAeM cAheM bAhya rUpa se virodhI dikhAI deM, kiMtu yathArthataH unameM koI virodha (176)

Page #181
nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra paraspara bhinna-bhinna AcAra-vicAra vAle dharmamArga bhI vastutaH virodhI nahIM hote| yaha eka gaNitIya satya hai ki eka keMdra se yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khIMcI gaI aneka rekhAeM eka-dUsare ko kATane kI kSamatA nahIM rakhatI haiM, kyoMki una sabakA sAdhya eka hI hotA hai| vastutaH unameM eka-dUsare ko kATane kI zakti tabhI AtI hai jaba ve apane keMdra kA parityAga kara detI haiN| yahI bAta dharma ke sambaMdha meM bhI satya hai| eka hI sAdhya kI ora unmukha bAhara se paraspara virodhI dikhAI dene vAle aneka sAdhanAmArga tatvataH paraspara virodhI nahIM hote haiN| yadi pratyeka dhArmika sAdhaka apane ahaMkAra, rAga-dveSa aura tRSNA kI pravRttiyoM ko samApta karane ke lie, apane kAma, krodha aura lobha ke nirAkaraNa ke lie, apane ahaMkAra aura asmitA ke visarjana ke lie sAdhanArata hai, to phira usakI sAdhanA-paddhati cAhe jo ho, vaha dUsarI sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA na to virodhI hogA aura na ashissnnu| yadi dhArmika jIvana meM sAdhyarUpI ekatA ke sAtha sAdhanArUpI anekatA rahe to bhI vaha saMgharSa kA kAraNa nahIM bana sktii| vastutaH yahAM hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki dharma aura samAja meM dhArmika asahiSNutA kA janma kyoM aura kaise hotA hai? .. vastutaH jaba yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki hamArI sAdhanA-paddhati hI ekamAtra vyakti ko aMtima sAdhya taka pahuMcA sakatI hai taba dhArmika asahiSNutA kA janma hotA haiM isake sthAna para yadi hama yaha svIkAra kara leM ki ve sabhI sAdhanA-paddhatiyAM jo sAdhya taka pahuMcA sakatI haiM, sahI haiM, to dhArmika saMgharSoM kA kSetra sImita ho jAtA hai| deza aura * kAlagata vividhatAeM tathA vyakti kI apanI pravRtti aura yogyatA Adi aise tatva haiM, jinake kAraNa sAdhanAgata vividhatAoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai| vastutaH jisase vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai, vaha AcAra ke bAhya vidhi-niSedha yA bAhya aupacArikatAeM yA kriyAkANDa nahIM, mUlataH sAdhaka kI bhAvanA yA jIvana-dRSTi hai| prAcInatama jaina Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki - je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te aasvaa| jo Asrava arthAt baMdhana ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI parisrava arthAt mukti ke kAraNa ho sakate haiM aura isake viparIta jo mukti ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI baMdhana ke kAraNa bana sakate haiN| aneka bAra aisA hotA hai ki bAhya rUpa meM hama jise anaitika aura adhArmika kahate haiM, vaha deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para naitika aura dhArmika ho jAtA hai| dhArmika jIvana meM sAdhanA kA bAhya kalevara itanA mahatvapUrNa nahIM hotA jitanA (177)

Page #182
usake mUla meM rahI huI vyakti kI bhAvanAeM hotI haiN| bAhya rUpa se kisI yuvatI kI paricaryA karate hue eka vyakti apanI manobhUmikA ke AdhAra para dhArmika ho sakatA hai, to dUsarA adhArmikA vastutaH paricaryA karate samaya paricaryA kI apekSA bhI z2o adhika mahatvapUrNa hai, vaha usa paricaryA ke mUla meM nihita prayojana, preraka yA manobhUmikA hotI hai| eka vyakti niSkAma bhAvanA se kisI kI sevA karatA hai, to dUsarA vyakti apanI vAsanAoM athavA apane kSudra svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie kisI kI sevA karatA hai| bAhara se donoM sevAeM eka haiM, kiMtu unameM eka naitika aura dhArmika hai, to dUsarI anaitika aura adhaarmik| hama dekhate haiM ki anekAneka loga laukika eMSaNAoM kI pUrti ke lie prabhu-bhakti aura sevA karate haiM kiMtu unakI vaha sevA dharma kA kAraNa na hokara adharma kA kAraNa hotI hai| ataH sAdhanAgata bAhya vibhinnatAoM ko na to dhArmikatA kA sarvasva mAnanA cAhie aura na una para itanA adhika bala diyA jAnA cAhie, jisase pArasparika vibheda aura bhinnatA kI khAI aura gaharI ho| vastutaH jaba taka deza aura kAlagata bhinnatAeM haiM, jaba taka vyakti kI ruci yA svabhAvagata bhinnatAeM haiM, taba taka sAdhanAgata vibhinnatAeM svAbhAvika hI haiN| AcArya haribhadra apane graMtha yogadRSTisamuccaya meM kahate haiM - citrA tu dezanaiteSAM syAd vineyaanugunnytH| yasmAdete mahAtmAno bhAvyAdhi bhiSagvarAH // arthAt jisa prakAra eka acchA vaidya rogI kI prakRti, Rtu Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka hI roga ke lie do vyaktiyoM ko alaga-alaga auSadhi pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra dharmamArga ke upadeSTA RSigaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna svabhAva vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie alaga-alaga sAdhanA-vidhi prastuta karate haiN| deza, kAla aura rucigata vaicitrya dhArmika sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kI vibhinnatA kA AdhAra hai| vaha svAbhAvika hai, ataH use asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dharmakSetra meM sAdhanAgata vividhatAeM sadaiva rahI haiM aura raheMgI, kiMtu unheM vivAda kA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jAnA caahie|' hameM pratyeka sAdhanA-paddhati kI upayogitA aura anupayogitA kA mUlyAMkana una paristhitiyoM meM karanA cAhie jisameM unakA janma hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, mUrtipUjA kA vidhAna aura mUrtipUjA kA niSedha do bhinna dezagata aura kAlagata paristhitiyoM kI dena haiM aura unake pIche viziSTa uddezya rahe hue haiN| yadi hama una saMdarbho meM unakA mUlyAMkana karate haiM, to ina do virodhI sAdhanApaddhatiyoM meM bhI hameM koI virodha najara nahIM aaegaa| sabhI dhArmika sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA eka lakSya hote hue bhI unameM deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke kAraNa sAdhanAgata (178)

Page #183
vibhinnatAeM AI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, hindU dharma aura islAma donoM meM upAsanA ke pUrva evaM pazcAt zArIrika zuddhi kA vidhAna hai| phira bhI donoM kI zArIrika zuddhi kI prakriyA bhinna-bhinna hai| musalamAna apanI zArIrika zuddhi isa prakAra se karatA hai ki usameM jala kI atyalpa mAtrA kA vyaya ho, vaha hAtha aura muMha ko nIce se Upara kI ora dhotA hai, kyoMki isameM pAnI kI mAtrA kama kharca hotI hai| isake viparIta hindU apane hAtha aura muMha Upara se nIce kI ora dhotA hai| isameM jala kI mAtrA adhika kharca hotI hai| zArIrika zuddhi kA lakSya samAna hote hue bhI araba dezoM meM jala kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa eka paddhati apanAI gaI, to bhArata meM jala kI bahulatA hone ke kAraNa dUsarI paddhati apanAI gii| ataH AcAra ke ina bAharI rUpoM ko lekara dhArmikatA ke kSetra meM jo vivAda calAyA jAtA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| cAhe prazna mUrtipajA kA ho yA anya koI, hama dekhate haiM ki una sabhI ke mUla meM kahIM na kahIM deza, kAla aura vyakti ke rucigata vaicitrya kA AdhAra hotA hai| islAma ne cAhe kitanA hI butaparastI kA virodha kiyA ho kiMtu muharrama, kabra-pUjA Adi ke nAma para prakArAMtara se usameM mUrtipUjA praviSTa ho hI gaI hai| isI prakAra islAma evaM anya paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se hindU aura jaina dharma meM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA vikAsa huaa| ataH dhArmika jIvana kI bAhya AcAra evaM rIti-rivAja sambaMdhI daizika, kAlika aura vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM ko dharma kA mUlAdhAra na mAnakara, ina bhinnatAoM ke prati eka udAra aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| hameM ina sabhI vibhinnatAoM ko unake udbhava kI mUlabhUta paristhitiyoM meM samajhane kA prayatna karanA caahie| zAstra kI satyatA kA prazna dhArmikatA ke kSetra meM aneka bAra yaha vivAda bhI pramukha ho jAtA hai ki hamArA dharmazAstra hI saccA dharmazAstra hai aura dUsaroM kA dharmazAstra saccA aura prAmANika nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM prathama to hameM yaha jAna lenA cAhie ki dharmazAstra kA mUla strota to dharmapravartaka ke upadeza hI hote haiM aura sAmAnyatayA prAcIna dharmoM meM ve maukhika hI rahe haiN| jinhoMne unheM likhita rUpa diyA, ve deza aura kAlagata paristhitiyoM se sarvathA aprabhAvita rahe, yaha kahanA bar3A kaThina hai| mahAvIra ke upadeza unake parinirvANa ne eka hajAra varSa bAda likhe gae- kyA itanI lambI kAlAvadhi meM usameM kucha ghaTAva-bar3hAva nahIM huA hogA? na kevala yaha prazna jaina zAstroM kA hai apitu hindU aura bauddha dharma ke zAstroM kA bhI hai| durbhAgya se kisI bhI dharma kA dharmazAstra, usake upadeSTA ke jIvanakAla meM nahIM (179)

Page #184
likhA gyaa| na mahAvIra ke jIvana meM Agama likhe gae, na buddha ke jIvana meM tripiTaka likhe gae, na IsA ke jIvana meM bAibila aura na muhammada ke jIvana meM kurAnA punaH yadi pratyeka dharmazAstra meM se daizika, kAlika aura vaiyaktika tathyoM ko alaga kara dharma ke utsa yA mUla tatva ko dekhA jAe, to unameM bahuta bar3I bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| AcAra ke sAmAnya niyama- hatyA mata karo, jhUTha mata bolo, corI mata karo, vyabhicAra mata karo, nazIle padArthoM kA sevana mata karo, saMcayavRtti se dUra raho aura apane dhana kA dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA meM upayoga karo- ye saba sabhI dharmazAstroM meM samAna rUpa se pratipAdita haiM, lekina durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama ina mUlabhUta AdhAra stambhoM ko chor3akara una choTIchoTI bAtoM ko hI adhika pakar3ate haiM, jinase pArasparika bheda kI khAI aura gaharI hotI hai| jainoM ke sAmane bhI zAstra kI satyatA aura asatyatA kA prazna AyA thaa| kisI sImA taka unhoMne samyak - zruta aura mithyA-zruta ke nAma para tatkAlIna zAstroM kA vibhAjana bhI kara liyA thA, kiMtu phira bhI unakI dRSTi saMkucita aura anudAra nahIM rhii| unhoMne ImAnadArIpUrvaka isa bAta ko svIkAra kara liyA ki jo samyak - zruta hai, vaha mithyA-zruta bhI ho sakatA hai aura jo mithyA-zruta hai vaha samyak - zruta bhI ho sakatA hai| zruti yA zAstra kA samyak honA yA mithyA honA zAstra ke zabdoM para nahIM, apitu usake adhyetA aura vyAkhyAtA para nirbhara karatA hai| jaina AcArya spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki eka mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyak - zruta bhI mithyA - zruta ho sakatA hai aura eka samyagdRSTi ke lie mithyA-zruta bhI samyak - zruta ho sakatA hai| samyak - dRSTi vyakti mithyA - zruta meM se bhI acchAI aura sAratatva grahaNa kara letA hai, to dUsarI ora eka mithyAdRSTi vyakti samyak - zruta meM bhI burAI aura kamiyAM dekha sakatA hai| ataH zAstra ke samyak aura mithyA hone kA prazna mUlataH vyakti ke dRSTikoNa para nirbhara hai| graMtha aura isameM likhe zabda to jar3a hote haiM, unako vyAkhyAyita karane vAlA to vyakti kA apanA manas hai| ataH zruta samyak aura mithyA nahIM hotA hai, samyak yA mithyA hotA hai unase artha-bodha prApta karane vAle vyakti kA mAnasika dRssttikonn| eka vyakti suMdara meM bhI asuMdara dekhatA hai to dUsarA vyakti asuMdara meM bhI suMdara dekhatA hai| ataH yaha vivAda nirarthaka aura anupayogI hai ki hamArA zAstra hI samyaka - zAstra hai aura dUsare kA zAstra mithyA-zAstra hai| hama zAstra ko jIvana se nahIM jor3ate haiM apitu use apane-apane DhaMga se vyAkhyAyita karake usa vicAra-bheda ke AdhAra para vivAda karane kA prayatna karate haiN| paraMtu zAstra ko jaba bhI (180)

Page #185
vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha deza, kAla aura vaiyaktika ruci bheda se aprabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhtaa| eka hI gItA ko zaMkara aura rAmAnuja do alaga-alaga dRSTi se vyAkhyAyita kara sakate haiN| vahI gItA tilaka, araviMda aura rAdhAkRSNan ke lie alagaalaga artha kI bodhaka ho sakatI hai| ataH zAstra ke nAma para dhArmika kSetra meM vivAda aura asahiSNutA ko bar3hAvA denA ucita nahIM hai| zAstra aura zabda jar3a hai, usase jo arthabodha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI mahatvapUrNa hai aura yaha arthabodha kI prakriyA zrotA yA pAThaka kI dRSTi para nirbhara karatI hai, ataH mahatva dRSTi kA hai, zAstra ke nire zabdoM kA nahIM hai| yadi dRSTi udAra aura vyApaka ho, hamameM nIra-kSIra viveka kI kSamatA ho aura zAstra ke vacanoM ko hama usa pariprekSya meM samajhane kA prayAsa kareM jisameM ve kaha gae haiM, to hamAre vivAda kA kSetra sImita ho jaaegaa| jainAcAryoM ne naMdIsUtra meM jo yaha kahA ki samyak - zruta mithyAdRSTi ke lie mithyA-zruta ho jAtA haiM aura mithyA-zruta bhI samyak - dRSTi ke lie samyak - zruta hotA hai, usakA mUla Azaya yahI hai| dhArmika asahiSNutA kA bIja-rAgAtmakatA dhArmika asahiSNutA kA bIja tabhI vapita hotA hai, jaba hama apane dharma yA sAdhanA-paddhati ko hI ekamAtra aura aMtima mAnane lagate haiM tathA apane dharma-guru ko hI ekamAtra satya kA draSTA mAna lete haiN| yaha avadhAraNA hI dhArmika vaimanasyatA kA mUla kAraNa hai| . vastutaH jaba vyakti kI rAgAtmakatA dharmapravartaka, dharmamArga aura dharmazAstra ke sAtha jur3atI hai, to dhArmika kadAgrahoM aura asahiSNutA kA janma hotA hai| jaba hama apane dharma-pravartaka ko hI satya kA ekamAtra draSTA aura upadezaka mAna late haiM, to hamAre mana meM dUsare dharmapravartakoM ke prati tiraskAra kI dhAraNA vikasita hone lagatI hai| rAga kA tatva jahAM eka ora vyakti ko kisI se jor3atA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha use kahIM se tor3ane bhI lagatA hai| jaina paramparA meM dharma ke prati isa aikAntika rAgAtmakatA ko dRSTirAga kahA gayA hai aura isa dRSTirAga ko vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya evaM gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama ko jaba taka bhagavAn mahAvIra jIvita rahe, kaivalya (sarvajJatva) kI prApti nahIM ho sakI, ve vItarAgatA ko upalabdha nahIM kara paae| Akhira aisA kyoM huA? vaha kauna sA tatva thA jo gautama kI vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka bana rahA thA? prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM yaha ullikhita hai ki eka bAra iMdrabhUti gautama 500 ziSyoM ko dIkSita kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa lA rahe (181)

Page #186
the| mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMcate-pahuMcate unake ve sabhI ziSya vItarAga aura sarvajJa ho cuke the| gautama ko isa ghaTanA se eka mAnasika khinnatA huii| ve vicAra karane lage ki jahAM mere dvArA dIkSita mere ziSya vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA ko upalabdha kara rahe haiM vahAM maiM abhI bhI isako prApta nahIM kara pA rahA huuN| unhoMne apanI isa samasyA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane prastuta kiyAgautama pUchate haiM- he bhagavan ! aisA kauna-sA kAraNa hai, jo merI sarvajJatA yA vItarAgatA kI prApti meM bAdhaka bana rahA hai? mahAvIra ne uttara diyA - he gautama ! tumhArA mere prati jo rAgabhAva hai, vahI tumhArI sarvajJatA aura vItarAgatA meM bAdhaka hai| jaba tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke prati rahA huA rAgabhAva bhI vItarAgatA kA bAdhaka ho sakatA hai to phira sAmAnya dharmaguru aura dharmazAstra ke prati hamArI rAgAtmakatA kyoM nahIM hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka hogI? yadyapi jaina paramparA dharmaguru aura dharmazAstra ke prati aisI rAgAtmakatA ko prazasta-rAga kI saMjJA detI hai, kiMtu vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki yaha prazasta-rAga bhI hamAre baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| rAga rAga hai, phira cAhe vaha mahAvIra ke prati kyoM na ho? jaina paramparA kA kahanA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI sarvocca avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie hameM isa rAgAtmakatA se bhI Upara uThanA hogaa| jaina karmasiddhAMta meM moha ko baMdhana kA pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| yaha moha do prakAra kA hai - (1) darzanamoha aura (2) caaritrmoh| jaina AcAryoM ne darzanamoha ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai - samyaktava moha, mithyAtvamoha aura mishrmoh| mithyAtva-moha kA artha to sahaja hI hameM samajha meM A jAtA hai| mithyAtva-moha kA artha hai-mithyA siddhAMtoM aura mithyA vizvAsoM kA Agraha arthAt galata siddhAMtoM aura galata AsthAoM meM cipake rhnaa| kiMtu samyaktvamoha kA artha sAmAnyatayA hamArI samajha meM nahIM AtA hai| sAmAnyatayA samyaktva-moha kA artha samyaktva kA moha arthAt samyaktva kA AvaraNaaisA kiyA jAtA hai, kiMtu aisI sthiti meM vaha bhI mithyAtva kA hI sUcaka hotA hai| vastutaH samyaktvamoha kA artha hai - dRSTirAga arthAt apanI dhArmika mAnyatAoM aura vizvAsoM ko hI ekamAtra satya samajhanA aura apane se virodhI mAnyatAoM aura vizvAsoM ko asatya maannaa| jaina dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ke lie jahAM mithyAtvamoha kA vinAza Avazyaka hai vahAM samyaktvamoha arthAt dRSTirAga se Upara uThanA bhI Avazyaka hai| na kevala jaina paramparA meM apitu bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhagavAn buddha ke aMtevAsI ziSya AnaMda ke sambaMdha meM bhI yaha sthiti hai| AnaMda bhI buddha ke jIvana kAla meM arhat avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara paae| buddha ke prati (182)

Page #187
unakI rAgAtmakatA hI unake arhat banane meM bAdhaka rhii| cAhe vaha iMdrabhUti gautama ho yA AnaMda ho, yadi dRSTirAga kSINa nahIM hotA hai, to arhat avasthA kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ke lie apane dharma aura dharmaguru ke prati bhI rAgabhAva kA tyAga karanA hogaa| dhArmika matAndhatA ko kama karane kA upAya-guNopAsanA dhArmika asahiSNutA ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa yaha hai ki hama guNoM ke sthAna para vyaktiyoM se jur3ane kA prayAsa karate haiN| jaba hamArI AsthA kA keMdra yA upAsya AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vikAsa kI avasthA vizeSa na hokara vyakti vizeSa bana jAtA hai, to phira svAbhAvika rUpa se hI Agraha kA gherA khar3A ho jAtA hai| hama yaha mAnane lagate haiM ki mahAvIra hamAre haiM, buddha hamAre nhiiN| rAma hamAre upAsya haiM, kRSNa yA ziva hamAre upAsya nahIM haiN| ataH yadi hama vyakti ke sthAna para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA vizeSa ko apanA upAsya banAeM to sambhavataH hamAre Agraha aura matabheda kama ho sakate haiN| isa sambaMdha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa prArambha se hI udAra rahA hai| jaina paramparA meM nimna namaskAra maMtra ko parama pavitra mAnA gayA hai - namo arhNtaannN| namo siddhaannN| namo aayriyaann| namo uvjjhaayaann| namo loe savva saahuunn| * pratyeka jaina ke lie isakA pATha Avazyaka hai, kiMtu isameM kisI vyakti ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai| isameM jina pAMca padoM kI vaMdanA kI jAtI hai, ve vyaktivAcaka na hokara guNavAcaka haiN| arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu vyakti nahIM hai, ve AdhyAtmika aura naitika vikAsa kI vibhinna bhUmikAoM ke sUcaka haiN| prAcIna jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi kitanI udAra thI ki unhoMne ina pAMca padoM meM kisI vyakti kA nAma nahIM jodd'aa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jainoM meM aneka sampradAyagata matabheda hote hue bhI namaskAra maMtra sarvamAnya banA huA hai| yadi usameM kahIM vyaktiyoM ke nAma jor3a die jAte to sambhavataH Aja taka usakA svarUpa na jAne kitanA parivartita aura vikRta ho gayA hotaa| namaskAra mahAmaMtra jainoM kI dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa pramANa hai| usameM bhI namo loe savva sAhUNaM' yaha pada to dhArmika udAratA kA sarvocca zikhara kahA jA - sakatA hai| isameM sAdhaka kahatA hai ki maiM loka ke sabhI sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| (183)

Page #188
vastutaH jisameM bhI sAdhutva yA munitva hai vaha vaMdanIya hai| hameM sAdhutva ko jaina va bauddha Adi kisI dharma yA kisI sampradAya ke sAtha na jor3akara guNoM ke sAtha jor3anA caahie| sAdhutva, munitva yA zramaNatva veza yA vyakti nahIM hai, varan eka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA hai, eka sthiti hai, vaha kahIM bhI aura kisI bhI vyakti meM ho sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki - na vi muMDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bNbhnno| na muNI ravvavAseNaM kusacIreNa na taavso|| samayAe samaNo hoi baMbhacereNa bNbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNa hoi taavso|| .. sira muMDA lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, oMkAra kA jApa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, jaMgala meM rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA aura kuzacIvara dhAraNa karane se koI tApasa nahIM hotaa| samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapasyA se tApasa kahalAtA hai| dharma ke kSetra meM apane virodhI para nAstika, mithyAdRSTi, kAfira Adi kA AkSepaNa hamane bahuta kiyA hai| hama sAmAnyatayA yaha mAna lete haiM ki hamAre dharma aura darzana meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti hI Astika, samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAlA hai tathA dUsare dharma aura darzana meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA nAstika hai, mithyAdRSTi hai, kAfira hai, vastutaH ina sabake mUla meM dRSTi yaha hai - maiM hI saccA hUM aura merA virodhI jhuutthaa| hamArA durbhAgya isase bhI adhika hai, vaha yaha ki hama na kevala dUsaroM,ko nAstika, mithyAdRSTi yA kAfira samajhate haiM, apitu unheM samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAle banAne kI jimmedArI bhI apane sira para or3ha lete haiN| hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki duniyA ko sacce rAste para lagAne kA ThekA hamane hI le rakhA hai| hama mAnate haiM ki mukti hamAre dharma aura dharmaguru kI zaraNa meM hI hogii| isa eka aMdhavizvAsa yA mithyA dhAraNA ne duniyA meM aneka bAra jihAda yA dharmayuddha karAe haiN| dUsaroM ko Astika, samyagdRSTi aura ImAnavAlA banAne ke lie hamane aneka bAra khUna kI holiyAM khelI haiN| pahale to apane se bhinna dharma yA sampradAya vAle ko nAstikatA yA kuphra kA phatavA de denA aura phira usake sudhArane kI jimmedArI apane sira para or3ha lenA, eka doharI mUrkhatA hai| duniyA ko apane hI dharma yA sampradAya ke raMga meM raMgane kA svapna na kevala divAsvapna hai, apitu eka duHsvapna bhI hai| mahAvIra ne sUtrakRtAMga meM bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai - (184)

Page #189
sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahaMtA paraM vyN| je u tattha viussaMti saMsAre te viussiyaa|| arthAt jo loga apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI niMdA karate haiM tathA dUsaroM ke prati dveSa kA bhAva rakhate haiM ve saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| jaina paramparA kA yaha vizvAsa rahA hai ki satya kA sUrya sabhI ke AMgana ko prakAzita kara sakatA hai| usakI kiraNeM sarvatra vikIrNa ho sakatI haiN| jainoM ke anusAra vastutaH mithyAtvA asatyatA tabhI utpanna hotA hai, jaba hama apane ko hI ekamAtra satya aura apane virodhI ko asatya mAna lete haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya meM mithyAtva ke jo vividha rUpa batAe gae haiM, unameM ekAMta aura Agraha ko bhI mithyAtva kahA gayA hai| koI bhI kathana jaba vaha apane virodhI kathana kA ekAMtarUpa se niSedhaka hotA hai, mithyA ho jAtA hai aura jaba unhIM mithyA kahe jAne vAle kathanoM kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai to vaha satya bana jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jaina dharma ko mithyAmatasamUha kahA hai| AcArya siddhasena sanmatitarka prakaraNa meM kahate haiM - bhaI micchAdasaNa samUhamaiyassa amysaarss| jiNavayassa bhagavao saMvigga suhaahigmmss| arthAt 'mithyAdarzanasamUharUpa amRtarasa pradAyI aura mumukSujanoM ko sahaja samajha meM Ane vAle jinavacana kA kalyANa ho|' yahAM jinadharma ko 'mithyAdarzanasamUha' kahane kA tAtparya hai ki vaha apane virodhI matoM kI bhI satyatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina dharma ko mithyAmatasamUha kahanA siddhasena kI vizAlahRdayatA kA bhI paricAyaka hai| vastutaH jaina dharma meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sabhI dharmamArga deza, kAla aura vaiyaktika-ruci-vaibhinnya ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, kiMtu ve sabhI kisI dRSTikoNa se satyaM bhI hote haiN| mukti kA dvAraH sabhI ke lie udghATita .. vastutaH dhArmika asahiSNutA aura dhArmika saMgharSoM kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hotA hai ki hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki mukti kevala hamAre dharma meM vizvAsa karane se yA hamArI sAdhanA-paddhati ko apanAne se hI sambhava hai yA prApta ho sakatI hai| aisI sthiti meM hama isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI mAna lete haiM ki dUsare dharma aura vizvAsoM ke loga mukti prApta nahIM kara sakate haiN| kiMtu yaha mAnyatA eka bhrAMta AdhAra para khar3I hai| vastutaH duHkha yA baMdhana ke kAraNoM kA uccheda karane para koI bhI vyakti mukti kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai, (185)

Page #190
isa sambaMdha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa sadaiva hI udAra rahA hai| jaina dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki jo bhI vyakti baMdhana ke mUlabhUta kAraNa rAga-dveSa aura moha kA prahANa kara sakegA, vaha mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki kevala jaina hI mokSa ko prApta kareMge aura dUsare loga mokSa ko prApta nahIM kreNge| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM, jo ki jaina paramparA kA eka prAcIna Agama graMtha hai, anya liMgasiddha' kA ullekha prApta hotA hai - itthI parisasiddhA ya taheva ya npuNsgaa| saliMge annaliMge ya gihiliMge taheva yaa| ... - 'anyaliMga' zabda kA tAtparya jainetara dharma aura sampradAya ke logoM se hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra mukti kA AdhAra na to koI dharma sampradAya hai aura na koI vizeSa vezabhUSA hii| AcArya ratnazekharasUri sambodhasattarI meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki - ... seyaMbaro ya AsaMbaro ya buddho ya ahava anno vaa| samabhAvabhAviappA laheya mukkhaM na sNdeho|' arthAta jo bhI samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA vaha nizcita hI mokSa ko prApta karegA phira cAhe vaha zvetAmbara ho yA digambara ho, bauddha ho yA anya kisI dharma ko mAnane vAlA ho| isI bAta kA adhika spaSTa pratipAdana,AcArya haribhadra ke graMtha upadezataraMgiNI meM bhI hai| ve likhate haiM kinAsArambharatve na sitAmbaratve, na tarkavA de na ca ttvvaad| na pakSevAzrayena mukti, kaSAyamuktiH kila muktirev||" arthAt mukti to sapheda vastra pahanane se hotI hai na digambara rahane se, tArkika vAda-vivAda aura tatvacarcA se bhI mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| kisI eka siddhAMta vizeSa meM AsthA rakhane yA kisI vyakti vizeSa kI sevA karane se bhI mukti asambhava hai| mukti to vastutaH kaSAyoM arthAt, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se mukta hone meM hai| eka digambara AcArya ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai - saMgho ko vina tArai, kaTTho mUlo taheva nnippiccho| appA tArai appA tamhA appA va jhAehi // arthAt koI bhI saMgha yA sampradAya hameM saMsAra-samudra se pAra nahIM karA sakatA, cAhe vaha mUlasaMgha ho, kASThAsaMgha ho yA nipicchikasaMgha ho| vastutaH jo Atmabodha ko prApta karatA hai vahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| mukti to apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM se, apane (186)

Page #191
ahaMkAra aura amarSa se tathA rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM se Upara uThane para prApta hotI hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki jainoM ke anusAra mukti para na to vyakti vizeSa kA adhikAra hai aura na to kisI dharma vizeSa kA adhikAra hai| mukta puruSa cAhe vaha kisI dharma yA sampradAya kA rahA ho sabhI ke lie vaMdanIya aura pUjya hotA hai| AcArya haribhadra lokatatvanirNaya meM kahate haiM yasya anikhilAzca na santi sarve guNAzca vidynte| brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // " arthAt jisake sabhI doSa vinaSTa ho cuke haiM aura jisameM sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiM, vaha phira brahmA ho, mahAdeva ho, viSNu ho yA phira jina, hama use praNAma karate haiN| isI bAta ko AcArya hemacaMdra mahAdevastotra meM likhate haiM bhava-bIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA nmstsmai||18 arthAt saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa ke tatva jisake kSINa ho cuke haiM use cAhe brahmA ho, viSNu ho, mahodava ho yA jinA . vastutaH hama apane-apane ArAdhya ke nAmoM ko lekara vivAda karate rahate haiN| usakI vizeSatAoM ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| sabhI dharma aura darzanoM meM usa parama tatva yA parama sattA ko rAga-dveSa, tRSNA aura Asakti se rahita, viSaya-vAsanAoM se Upara uThI huI pUrNaprajJa tathA parama kAruNika mAnA gayA hai| hamArI dRSTi usa parama tatva ke isa mUlabhUta svarUpa para na hokara nAmoM para TikI hotI hai aura isI ke AdhAra para hama vivAda karate haiN| jabaki yaha nAmoM kA bheda apane Apa meM koI artha nahIM rakhatA hai| AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM - sadAzivaH paraM brahma siddhAtmA tathAteti ca / zabdaistad ucyate'nvarthAd ekaM evaivamAdibhiH // " ... arthAt vaha eka jI tatva hai cAhe use sadAziva kaheM, parabrahma kaheM, siddhAtmA kaheM yA tathAgata kheN| nAmoM ko lekara jo vivAda kiyA jAtA hai usakI nistAratA ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka suMdara udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| eka bAra bhinna bhASA-bhASI loga kisI nagara kI dharmazAlA meM ekatrita ho ge| ve eka hI vastu ke alaga-alaga nAmoM ko lekara paraspara vivAda karane lge| saMyoga se usI samaya usa vastu kA vikretA use lekara vahAM aayaa| saba use kharIdane ke lie TUTa par3e aura apane vivAda kI nissAratA (187)

Page #192
ko samajhane lge| dharma ke kSetra meM bhI hamArI yahI sthiti hai| hama sabhI ajJAna, tRSNA, Asakti, yA rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM se Upara uThanA cAhate haiM, kiMtu ArAdhya ke nAma yA ArAdhanA vidhi ko lekara vyartha se vivAda karate haiM aura isa prakAra parama AdhyAtmika anubhUti se vaMcita rahate haiN| vastutaH yaha nAmoM kA vivAda tabhI taka rahatA hai jaba taka ki hama usa AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke rasa kA rasAsvAdana nahIM karate haiN| vyakti jaise hI vItarAga, vItatRSNA yA anAsakta kI bhUmikA kA sparza karatA hai, usake sAmane ye sAre. nAmoM ke vivAda nirarthaka ho jAte haiN| satarahavIM zatAbdI ke AdhyAtmika sAdhaka AnaMdaghana kahate haiM rAma kaho rahimAna kaho kou kANha kaho mahAdeva rii| pArasanAtha kaho kou brahmA sakala brahma svayameva rii|| bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA eka mRtikA kA rUpa rii| tAte khaMDa kalpanAropita Apa akhaMDa arUpa rii|| rAma-rahIma, kRSNa-karIma, mahAdeva aura pArzvanAtha sabhI eka hI satya ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| jaise eka hI miTTI se bane vibhinna pAtra alaga-alaga nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiM, kiMtu unakI miTTI mUlataH eka hI hai| vastutaH ArAdhya ke nAmoM kI yaha bhinnatA vAstavika bhinnatA nahIM hai| yaha bhASAgata bhinnatA hai, svarUpagata bhinnatA nahIM hai| ataH isa AdhAra para vivAda aura saMgharSa nirarthaka hai tathA vivAda karane vAle logoM kI alpabuddhi ke hI paricAyaka haiN| dhArmika saMgharSa kA niyaMtraka tatva-prajJA dharma ke kSetra meM anudAratA aura asahiSNutA ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki hama dhArmika jIvana meM buddhi yA viveka ke tatvoM ko nakAra kara zraddhA ko hI ekamAtra AdhAra mAna lete haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki dharma zraddhA para TikA huA haiM dhArmika jIvana ke AdhAra hamAre vizvAsa aura AsthAeM haiM, lekina hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki yadi hamAre ye vizvAsa aura AsthAeM viveka-buddhi ko nakAra kara caleMge to ve aMdhavizvAsoM meM pariNita ho jAeMge aura ye aMdhavizvAsa hI dhArmika saMgharSoM ke mUla kAraNa haiN| dhArmika jIvana meM viveka-buddhi yA prajJA ko zraddhA kA praharI banAyA jAnA cAhie, anyathA hama aMdha-zraddhA se kabhI bhI mukta nahIM ho skeNge| Aja kA yuga vijJAna aura tarka kA yuga hai, phira bhI hamArA adhikAMza janasamAja, jo azikSita hai, vaha zraddhA ke bala para jItA hai| hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki zraddhA yadi viveka pradhAna nahIM hotI to vaha sarvAdhika (188)

Page #193
ghAtaka hotii| isIlie jaina AcAryoM ne apane mokSamArga kI vivecanA meM samyagdarzana ke sAtha-sAtha-samyagjJAna ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI jaba AcAra ke bAhya vidhi-niSedhoM ko lekara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI saMgha-vyavasthA meM jo matabheda the, unheM sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA, taba usake lie zraddhA ke sthAna para prajJA arthAt viveka-buddhi ko hI pradhAnatA dI gii| uttarAdhyayanasUtra teIsaveM adhyayana meM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke tatkAlIna pramukha AcArya kezI mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya iMdrabhUti gautama se yaha prazna karate haiM ki eka hI lakSya kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke AcAra-niyamoM meM yaha aMtara kyoM hai? isase samAja meM matibhrama utpanna hotA hai ki - pannA samikkhae dhammaM tattaM tattaviNicchayA arthAt dhArmika AcAra ke niyamoM kI samIkSA aura mUlyAMkana prajJA ke dvArA karanA caahie| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dhArmika jIvana meM akelI zraddhA hI AdhArabhUta nahIM mAnI jAnI cAhie, usake sAtha-sAtha tarka-buddhi, prajJA evaM viveka ko bhI sthAna milanA caahie| bhagavAn buddha ne AlArakalAma ko kahA thA ki tuma kisI ke vacanoM ko kevala isalie svIkAra mata karo ki inakA kahane vAlA zramaNa hamArA pUjya hai| he kalAmoM! jaba tuma AtmAnubhava se apane Apa hI yaha jAna lo ki ye bAteM kuzala haiM, ye bAteM nirdoSa haiM, inake anusAra calane se hita hotA hai, sukha hotA hai, tabhI unheM svIkAra kro| eka anya bauddha graMtha tatvasaMgraha meM bhI kahA gayA hai - tApAcchedAcca nikaSAt suvarNamiva pnndditaiH| parIkSya bhikSavo grAhyaM madvaco na tu gaurvaat|| . jisa prakAra svarNa ko kATakara, chedakara, kasakara aura tapAkara parIkSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra se dharma kI bhI parIkSA kI jAnI caahie| use kevala zAstA ke prati AdarabhAva ke kAraNa svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| dhArmika jIvana meM jaba taka viveka yA prajJA ko vizvAsa aura AsthA kA niyaMtraka nahIM mAnA jAegA, taba taka hama mAnava jAti ko dhArmika saMgharSoM aura dharma ke nAma para khelI jAne vAlI khUna kI holI se nahIM bacA skeNge| zraddhA bhAvanA pradhAna hai, bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3anA sahaja hotA hai| ataH dharma ke nAma para apane nihita svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie sAmAnya janamAnasa kI bhAvanAoM ko ubhAr3akara use unmAdI banA dete haiM tathA zAstra meM se koI eka vacana prastuta kara use isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita karate haiM ki jisase logoM kI bhAvanAeM yA dharmonmAda ubhar3e aura unheM (189)

Page #194
apane nihita svArthoM kI siddhi kA avasara mile| ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki zAstra meM eka zabda kA bhI parivartana karanA yA zAstra kI avahelanA karanA bahuta bar3A pApa hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, ve janasAmAnya ko zAstra ke adhyayana kA anadhikArI mAnakara apane ko hI zAstra kA ekamAtra saccA vyAkhyAtA siddha karate haiM aura zAstra ke nAma para janatA ko mUrkha banAkara apanA hita sAdhana karate rahate haiN| dharma ke nAma para yugoM-yugoM se janatA kA isI prakAra zoSaNa hotA rahA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki zAstra kI sArI bAtoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ko viveka kI tarAjU para taulA jaae| unake sAre niyamoM aura maryAdAoM kA yugIna saMdarbha meM mUlyAMkana aura samIkSA kI jaae| jaba taka yaha saba nahIM hotA hai, taba taka dhArmika jIvana meM AI huI saMkIrNatA ko miTA pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| viveka hI aisA tatva hai jo hamArI dRSTi ko udAra aura vyApaka banAtA hai| zraddhA Avazyaka hai kiMtu use viveka kA anugAmI honA caahie| vivekayukta zraddhA hI samyak zraddhA hai| vahI hameM satya kA darzana karA sakatI hai| viveka se rahita zraddhA aMdha-zraddhA hogI aura usake AdhAra para aMdhavizvAsoM ke zikAra bneNge| Aja dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA ke lie zraddhA ko viveka se samanvita kiyA jAnA caahie| isalie jainAcAryoM ne kahA thA ki samyagjJAna aura samyagdarzana (zraddhA) meM eka sAmaMjasya honA caahie| , jaina dharma meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kA AdhAra-anekAMtavAda . jaina AcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai ki paramArtha, sat yA vastutatva aneka vizeSatAoM aura guNoM kA puMja hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vastutatva anaMtadharmAtmaka hai|22 use aneka dRSTiyoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai aura kahA jA sakatA hai| ataH usake sambaMdha meM koI bhI nirNaya nirapekSa aura pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| vastutatva ke sambaMdha meM hamArA jJAna aura kathana donoM hI sApekSa hai arthAt ve kisI saMdarbha yA dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para hI satya haiN| AMzika evaM sApekSa jJAna/kathana ko yA apane se virodhI jJAna/kathana ko asatya kahakara nakArane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| ise hama nimna udAharaNa se spaSTatayA samajha sakate haiMkalpanA kIjie ki aneka vyakti apane-apane kaimaroM se vibhinna koNeM se eka vRkSa kA citra lete haiN| aisI sthiti meM sarvaprathama to hama yaha dekheMge ki eka hI vRkSa ke vibhinna koNoM se, vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke dvArA hajAroM-hajAra citra lie jA sakate haiN| sAtha hI ina hajAroM-hajAra citroM ke bAvajUda bhI vRkSa kA bahuta kucha bhAga aisA hai jo kaimaroM kI pakar3a se achUtA raha gayA hai| punaH jo hajAroM-hajAra citra bhinna-bhinna koNoM se lie gae haiM, ve eka-dUsare se bhinnatA rakhate haiN| yadyapi ve sabhI usI vRkSa ke citra haiN| kevala usI sthiti (190)

Page #195
meM do citra samAna hoMge jaba unakA koNa aura vaha sthala, jahAM se vaha citra liyA gayA hai- eka hI ho| apUrNatA aura bhinnatA donoM hI bAteM ina citroM meM haiN| yahI bAta mAnavIya jJAna ke sambaMdha meM bhI hai| manuSya kI jJAnendriyoM kI kSamatA aura zakti sImita hai| vaha eka apUrNa prANI hai| apUrNa ke dvArA pUrNa ko jAnane ke samasta prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM jA sakate haiN| hamArA jJAna, jaba taka ki vaha aindrikatA kA atikramaNa nahIM kara jAtA, sadaiva AMzika aura apUrNa hotA hai| isI AMzika jJAna ko jaba pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA hai, to vivAda aura vaicArika saMgharSoM kA janma hotA hai| uparyukta udAharaNa meM vRkSa ke.sabhI citra usake kisI eka aMza vizeSa ko hI abhivyakta karate haiN| vRkSa ke ina sabhI apUrNa evaM bhinna-bhinna aura do virodhI koNoM ke lie jAne ke kAraNa kisI sImA taka paraspara virodhI aneka citroM meM hama yaha kahane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakate haiM ki yaha citra usa vRkSa kA nahIM hai athavA yaha citra asatya hai| isI prakAra hamAre AMzika dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita sApekSa jJAna ko yaha adhikAra nahIM hai ki vaha apane se virodhI mantavyoM ko asatya kahakara nakAra de| vastutaH hamArI aindrika kSamatA, tarkabuddhi, zabdasAmarthya aura bhASAyI abhivyakti sabhI apUrNa, sImita aura sApekSa hai| ye sampUrNa satya kI eka sAtha abhivyakti meM sakSama nahIM hai| mAnava buddhi sampUrNa satya kA nahIM, apitu usake ekAMza kA grahaNa kara sakatI hai| tatva yA sattA ajJeya to nahIM hai, kiMtu binA pUrNatA ko prApta hue use pUrNarUpa se jAnA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| AinsaTIna ne kahA thA- hama sApekSa satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI nirapekSa draSTA hI jaanegaa| jaba taka hamArA jJAna apUrNa, sImita yA sApekSa hai taba taka hameM dUsaroM ke jJAna aura anubhava ko, cAhe vaha hamAre jJAna kA virodhI kyoM na ho, asatya kahakara niSedha karane kA koI adhikArI nahIM hai| AMzika satya kA jJAna dUsaroM ke dvArA prApta jJAna kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha kahanA ki merI dRSTi hI satya hai, satya mere hI pAsa hai, dArzanika dRSTi se eka bhrAMta dhAraNA hI hai| yadyapi jainoM ke anusAra sarvajJa yA pUrNa-puruSa saMpUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, phira bhI usakA jJAna aura kathana usI prakAra nirapekSa (apekSA se rahita) nahIM ho sakatA hai, jisa prakAra binA kisI koNa ke kisI bhI vastu kA koI bhI citra nahIM liyA jA sakatA hai| pUrNa satya kA bodha cAhe sambhava ho, kiMtu use na to nirapekSa rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai aura na kahA hI jA sakatA hai| usakI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha AMzika aura sApekSa banakara hI raha jAtA hai| pUrNa-puruSa ko bhI hameM samajhAne ke lie hamArI usI bhASA (191)

Page #196
kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai jo sImita, sApekSa aura apUrNa hai| 'hai' aura 'nahIM hai' kI sImA se ghirI huI bhASA pUrNa satya kA prakaTana kaise kregii| isIlie jaina paramparA meM kahA gayA hai ki koI bhI vacana (jinavacana bhI) naya (dRSTikoNa vizeSa) se rahita nahIM hotA hai arthAt sarvajJa ke kathana bhI sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nahIM hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra jaba sApekSa satya ko nirapekSa rUpa se dUsare satyoM kA niSedhaka mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha asatya bana jAtA hai aura ise hI jainoM kI paramparAgata zabdAvalI meM mithyAtva kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra alaga-alaga koNoM se lie gae citra paraspara bhinna-bhinna aura virodhI hokara bhI eka sAtha yathArtha ke paricAyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra alaga-alaga saMdarbho meM kahe gae bhinna-bhinna vicAra paraspara virodhI hote hue bhI satya ho sakate haiN| satya kevala utanA nahIM hai, jitanA hama jAnate haiN| ataH hameM apane virodhiyoM ke satya kA niSedha karane kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| vastutaH satya kevala tabhI asatya banatA hai, jaba hama usa apekSA yA dRSTikoNa ko dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiM, jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra citra meM vastu kI sahI sthiti ko samajhane ke lie usa koNa kA bhI jJAna apekSita hotA hai, usI prakAra vANI meM prakaTa satya.ko samajhane ke lie usa dRSTikoNa kA vicAra apekSita hai jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| samagra kathana saMdarbha sahita hote haiM aura una saMdarbho se alaga haTakara unheM nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| jo jJAna saMdarbha rahita hai, vaha sApekSa hai aura . jo sApekSa hai, vaha apanI satyatA kA dAvA karate hue bhI dUsare kI satya kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| satya ke sambaMdha meM yahI eka aisA dRSTikoNa hai jo vibhinna dharma aura sampradAyoM kI sApekSika satyatA evaM mUlyavattA ko svIkAra kara unameM paraspara sauhArdra aura samanvaya sthApita kara sakatA hai| anekAMta kI AdhArabhUmi para hI yaha mAnanA sambhava hai ki hamAre aura hamAre virodhI ke vizvAsa aura kathana do bhinna-bhinna pariprekSyoM meM eka sAtha satya ho sakate haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara sanmatitarka meM kahate haiM - NiyayavayaNijjasaccA savvanayA paraviyAlaNe mohaa| te uNa Na diTThasamao vibhayai sacce va alie vaa||4 arthAt sabhI naya (arthAt sApekSika vaktavya) apane-apane dRSTikoNa se satya haiN| ve asatya tabhI hote haiM, jaba ve apane se virodhI dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para kie gae kathanoM kA niSedha karate haiN| isIlie anekAMta dRSTi kA samarthaka yA zAstra kA jJAtA una paraspara virodhI sApekSika kathanoM meM aisA vibhAjana nahIM karatA hai ki ye sacce haiM aura ye jhUThe haiN| kisI kathana yA vizvAsa kI satyatA aura asatyatA usa saMdarbha athavA dRSTikoNa (192)

Page #197
vizeSa para nirbhara karatI hai jisameM vaha kahA gayA hai| vastutaH yadi hamArI dRSTi udAra aura vyApaka hai, to hameM paraspara virodhI kathanoM kI sApekSika, satyatA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna dharmavAdoM meM pArasparika vivAda yA saMgharSa kA koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM bctaa| jisa prakAra paraspara jhagar3ane vAle vyakti kisI taTastha vyakti ke adhIna hokara mitratA ko prApta kara lete haiM, usI prakAra paraspara virodhI vicAra aura vizvAsa anekAMta kI udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi ke adhIna hokara pArasparika virodha ko bhUla jAte haiN|25 upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI likhate haiM yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tnyessviv| tasyAnekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhikazemuSI // tena syAdvAdamAlaMbya sarvadarzanatulyatAm / mokSoddezAvizeSaNaM yaH pazyati sa zAstravit // mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArthoM yena taccAru sidhyti| sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyadvAlizavalganam // mAdhyasthyasahitaM hokapadajJAnamapi prmaa| ... zAstrakoTitathaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / arthAt saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA hai| vaha sampUrNa dRSTikoNoM (darzanoM) ko isa prakAra vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai, jisa prakAra koI pitA apane putra ko| eka sacce anekAMtavAdI kI dRSTi nyUnAdhika nahIM hotI hai| vaha sabhI ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai arthAt pratyeka vicAradhArA yA dharma-siddhAMta kI satyatA kA vizeSa pariprekSya meM darzana karatA hai| Age ve punaH kahate haiM ki saccA zAstrajJa kahe jAne kA adhikArI vahI hai jo syAdvAda arthAt udAra dRSTikoNa kA Alambana lekara sampUrNa vicAradhArAoM ko samAna bhAva se dekhatA hai| vastutaH mAdhyasthabhAva hI zAstroM kA gUr3ha rahasya hai aura yahI saccA dharmavAda hai| mAdhyasthabhAva arthAt udAra dRSTikoNa ke rahane para zAstra ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA karor3oM zAstroM kA jJAna bhI vRthA hai| jaina dharma aura dhArmika sahiSNutA ke prasaMga - jainAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa prArambha se hI udAra aura vyApaka rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne dUsarI vicAradhArAoM aura vizvAsoM ke logoM kA sadaiva Adara kiyA hai| isakA sabase mahatvapUrNa udAharaNa jaina paramparA kA eka prAcInatama graMtha hai-RSibhASitA RSibhASita ke aMtargata una paiMtAlIsa arhat RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai, jinameM (193)

Page #198
pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara lagabhaga sabhI jainetara paramparAoM ke haiN| nArada, bhAradvAja, nami, rAmaputra, zAkyaputra gautama, maMkhali gozAla Adi aneka dharmamArga ke pravartakoM evaM AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA isameM jisa Adara ke sAtha saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, vaha dhArmika udAratA aura sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka hai| ina sabhI ko arhat RSi kahA gayA hai aura inake vacanoM ko AgamavANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sambhavataH prAcIna dhArmika sAhitya meM yahI ekamAtra aisA udAharaNa hai, jahAM virodhI vicAradhArA aura vizvAsoM ke vyaktiyoM ke vacanoM ko AgamavANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara samAdara ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA ho| jaina paramparA kI dhArmika udAratA kI paricAyaka sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kI pUrvanirdiSTa vaha gAthA bhI hai, jisameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM aura dUsaroM ke matoM kI niMdA karate haiM tathA unake prati vidveSabhAva rakhate haiM, ve saMsAracakra meM paribhramita hote rahate haiN| sambhavataH dhArmika udAratA ke lie isase mahatvapUrNa aura koI vacana nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM jaina AcAryoM ne bhI dUsarI vicAradhArAoM aura mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI hai, kiMtu una saMdarbho meM bhI kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA hameM eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA paricaya milatA hai| hama sUtrakRtAMga kA hI udAharaNa leM, usameM aneka virodhI vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| kiMtu zAlInatA yaha hai ki kahIM bhI kisI dharmamArga yA dharmapravartaka para vaiyaktika chIMTAkazI nahIM hai| graMthakAra kevala unakI vicAradhArAoM kA ullekha karatA hai, unake mAnane vAloM kA nAmollekha nahIM karatA hai| vaha kevala itanA kahatA hai ki kucha logoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai yA kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM, jo ki saMgatipUrNa hai| isa prakAra vaiyaktika yA nAmapUrvaka samAlocanA se, jo ki vivAda yA saMgharSa kA kAraNa ho sakatI hai, vaha sadaiva dUra rahatA hai|28 jainAgama sAhitya meM hama aise aneka saMdarbha bhI pAte haiM, jahAM apane se virodhI vicAroM aura vizvAsoM ke logoM ke prati samAdara dikhAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama AcArAMgasUtra meM jaina muni ko yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha apanI bhikSAvRtti ke lie isa prakAra jAe ki anya paramparAoM ke zramaNoM, parivrAjakoM aura bhikSuoM ko bhikSA prApta karane meM koI bAdhA na ho| yadi vaha dekhe ki anya paramparA ke zramaNa yA bhikSu kisI gRhastha upAsaka ke dvAra para upasthita hai to vaha yA to bhikSA ke lie Age prasthAna kara jAe yA phira sabake pIche isa prakAra khar3A rahe ki unheM bhikSAprApti meM koI bAdhA na ho| mAtra yahI nahIM yadi gRhastha upAsaka use aura anya paramparAoM ke bhikSuoM ke (194)

Page #199
sammilita upabhoga ke lie jaina bhikSu ko yaha kahakara bhikSA de ki Apa saba milakara khA lenA, to aisI sthiti meM jaina bhikSu kA yaha dAyitva hai ki vaha samAnarUpa se usa bhikSA ko sabhI meM vitarita kre| vaha na to bhikSA meM prApta acchI sAmagrI ko apane lie rakhe na bhikSA kA adhika aMza hI grahaNa kre|29 / bhagavatIsUtra ke aMdara hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha aMtevAsI gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama ko milane ke lie unakA pUrvaparicita mitra skaMdha, jo ki anya paramparA ke parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM dIkSita ho gayA thA, AtA hai to mahAvIra svayaM gautama ko usake sammAna aura svAgata kA Adeza dete haiN| gautama Age bar3hakara apane mitra kA svAgata karate haiM aura kahate haiM- he skaMdha! tumhArA svAgata hai, susvAgata hai| anya paramparA ke zramaNoM aura parivrAjakoM ke prati isa.prakAra kA sammAna evaM AdarabhAva nizcita hI dhArmika sahiSNutA aura pArasparika sadbhAva meM vRddhi karatA hai| ... uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke tatkAlIna pramukha AcArya zramaNakezI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautama jaba saMyoga se eka hI samaya zrAvastI meM upasthita hote haiM to ve donoM paramparAoM ke pArasparika matabhedoM ko dUra karane ke lie paraspara sauhArdrapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM milate haiN| eka ora jyeSThakula kA vicAra kara gautama svayaM zramaNakezI ke pAsa jAte haiM to dUsarI ora zramaNakezI unheM zramaNaparyAya meM jyeSTha mAnakara pUrA samAdara pradAna karate haiN| jisasauhArdrapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM vaha carcA calatI hai aura pArasparika matabhedoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saba dhArmika sahiSNutA aura udAra dRSTikoNa kA eka adbhuta udAharaNa hai|1 ___ dUsarI dharma paramparAoM aura sampradAyoM ke prati aisA hI udAra aura samAdara kA bhAva hameM AcArya haribhadra ke graMthoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| haribhadra saMyoga se usa yuga meM utpanna hue jaba pArasparika AlocanA-pratyAlocanA apanI carama sImA para thii| phira bhI haribhadra na kevala apanI samAlocanAoM meM saMyata rahe apitu unhoMne sadaiva hI anya paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ke prati AdarabhAva prastuta kiyA zAstravArtAsamuccaya unakI isa udAravRtti aura sahiSNudRSTi kI paricAyaka eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| bauddha darzana kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karane ke uparAMta ve kahate haiM ki buddha ne jina kSaNikavAda, anAtmavAda aura zUnyavAda ke siddhAMtoM kA upadeza diyA, vaha vastutaH mamatva ke vinAza aura tRSNA ke uccheda ke lie Avazyaka hI thaa| ve bhagavAn buddha ko arhat, mahAmuni aura suvaidya kI upamA dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra eka acchA vaidya rogI ke roga (195)

Page #200
aura prakRti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara eka hI roga ke lie bhinna-bhinna rogiyoM ko bhinna. bhinna auSadhi pradAna karatA hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne apane anuyAyiyoM ke vibhinna staroM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ina vibhinna siddhAMtoM kA upadeza diyA hai| aisA hI udAra dRSTikoNa ve sAMkhya darzana ke prastotA mahAmuni kapila aura nyAyadarzana ke pratipAdakoM ke prati bhI vyakta karate haiN| kapila ke lie bhI ve mahAmuni zabda kA prayoga kara apanA Adara bhAva prakaTa karate haiN| vibhinna virodhI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM kisa prakAra saMgati sthApita kI jA sakatI hai isakA eka acchA udAharaNa unakA yaha graMtha hai| .. - 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha jainAcArya hemacaMdra ne bhI isI prakAra mArmika sahiSNutA aura udAravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| unhoMne na kevala bhagavAn ziva kI stuti meM mahAdevastotra kI racanA kI apitu zivamaMdira meM jAkara ziva kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA - jisane saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSa ke tatvoM ko kSINa kara diyA hai, use maiM praNAma karatA hUM cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho yA jin| jainoM kI isa dhArmika udAratA kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki mahArAjA kumArapAla aura viSNuvardhana ne jaina hokara bhI ziva aura viSNu ke aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA aura unakI vyavasthA ke lie bhUmidAna kiyaa| kumArapAla ke dharmaguru AcArya hemacaMdra ne na kevala usakI isa udAravRtti ko protsAhita kiyA apitu zivamaMdira meM svayaM upasthita hokara apane udAravRtti kA paricaya bhI diyaa| hemacaMdra ke samAna isa udAra paramparA kA nirvAha anya jainAcAryoM ne bhI kiyA thA, jisake abhilekhIya pramANa Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| digambara jainAcArya rAmakIrti ne tokalajI meM maMdira ke lie aura zvetAmbara AcArya jayamaMgalasUri ne cAmuNDA ke maMdira ke lie prazasti-kAvya likhe| upAdhyAya yazovijaya kI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara hI cuke hai| unakA yaha kahanA ki mAdhyastha yA sahiSNu bhAva hI dharmavAda hai, dhArmika sahiSNutA kA mudrAlekha hai| isI prakAra jaina rahasyavAdI santakavi AnaMdaghana bhI kahate haiM SaDadarzana jina aMgabhaNoje nyAyaSaDaMga je sAdhe re| namijinavaranA carama upAsaka SaDdarzana ArAdhe re|| arthAt sabhI darzana jina ke aMga haiM aura jina kA upAsaka sabhI darzanoM kI upAsanA karatA hai| jainoM kI yaha udAra aura sahiSNuvRtti vartamAna yuga taka yathArthataH jIvita hai| Aja bhI jainoM kI sarvapriya prArthanA kA prArambha isI udAra bhAva ke sAtha hotA hai (196)

Page #201
jisane rAgadveSa kAmAdika jIte, saba jaga jAna liyaa| saba jIvoM ko mokSa mArga kA, nispRha ho upadeza diyaa| buddha vIra jina hari hara brahmA, yA usako svAdhIna kho| bhaktibhAva se prerita ho, yaha citta usI meM lIna rho| vastutaH yadi hama vizva meM zAMti kI sthApanA cAhate haiM, yadi hama cAhate haiM ki manuSya-manuSya ke bIca ghRNA aura vidveSa kI bhAvanAeM samApta hoM aura sabhI eka-dUsare ke vikAsa meM sahayogI baneM, to hameM AcArya amitagati ke nimna cAra sUtroM ko apane jIvana meM apanAnA hogaa| ve kahate haiM - satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva // he prabhu ! prANImAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva, guNIjanoM ke prati samAdarabhAva, duHkha evaM pIr3ita janoM ke prati kRpAbhAva tathA virodhiyoM ke prati mAdhyasthabhAva-samatAbhAva merI AtmA meM sadaiva rhe| . saMdarbha 1. AyANe ajjo samAie, AyANe ajjo samAiyassa aTTevyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1992, 1/9. 2.. samiyAe dhamme AriehiM paveie - AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/8/3. dharma jIvana jIne kI kalA - pR. 7-8. 4. yogadRSTisamuccaya, haribhadra, vijaya kamala kezaraM graMthamAlA, khambhAt, vi.saM. 1992, 137. 5. . ' AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/4/2. 6. yogadRSTisamuccaya, haribhadra, vijaya kamala kezara graMthamAlA, samvat, vi.saM. 1992, 133. NANAjIvA NANA kammaM NANAvihaM have lddhii| tamhA vayaNavivAdaM sagaparasamaehiM vjjijo|| - niyamasAra, anu. (197)

Page #202
paM. parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha, prakA. satsAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda mahAna jaina digambara tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, ... jayapura, 1988, 156 / evAI micchaddiTThissa micchattapariggahiyAI micchasuyaM eyANi ceva / sammadiTThissa sammattaparihiyAiM sammasuyaM ahavA micchadiTThissa vi sammasuyaM kamhA? sammattaheuttaNao, jamhA te micchadiTThiyA tehiM ceva samaehiM coiyA samANA kei sapakkhadiTThIo vayeti se taM micchasuyaM / naMdIsUtra, prakA. dharmadAsa jaina mitra maMDala, ratalAma, .. saM. 2005, 72 / 9 a. bhagavatI-abhayadevakRta vRtti, prakA. kezarImala jaina, zvetAmbara saMsthA, sUrata, 1937, 14/7 pR. 1988 / (ba) mukkhamagga pavanAnaM sineho vjjsiNkhlaa| vIre jIvantae jAo goyama jaM na kevali // - uddhRtata kalpasUtra TIkA vinayavijaya, prakA. hIrAlAla jaina, : jAmanagara, 1939, pR.120| sammattaM ceva micchattaM, sammAmicchattameva y| eyAo tinnipayaDIo mohaNijjassa daMsaNe // - uttarAdhyayana saMpA. - sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 33/9 / 11. vahI, 25/31-32 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 1/1/2/23. 13. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 3/69 14. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA. sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 36/49 / sambodhasaptatikA, anu. DaoN. ravizaMkara mizra, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1986, 2 / 16. upadezataraMgiNI, saMpA. vijaya jineMdrasUri, prakA. zrI harSa puSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA, saurASTra, 1986, 1/8 / lokatatvanirNaya, 140. (198) . 10. 12. 15. 17.

Page #203
18. mahAdevastotra, 44. 19. yogadRSTisammuccaya, haribhadra, prakA. vijaya kamala kezara graMthamAlA, khambhAt, vi.saM. 1992, 130. . uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA. sAdhvI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 23/25. tatvasaMgraha, saMpA. dvArikA prasAda zAstrI, prakA. bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1968, 3588 / anantadharmAtmakameva tatvam, 22-anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, hemacaMdra, prakA. jaina graMtha prakAzana sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1996 23. natthi nayahiMvihUNaM suttaM attho ya jiNavaye kiMci -Avazyakaniyukti, 5441 24. sanmatitarka, saMpA. sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA. pUMjIbhAI graMthamAlA kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1932, 1.28 / 25. savve samayaMti sammaM cegavasAo nayA viruddhA vi| micca vavahAriNo iva, rAAdAsINa vsvttii|| - vizeSA. bhASya, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa TIkA hemacaMdra, prakA. harSacaMdra bhUrAbhAI, banArasa, saM. 2441, 2267 / adhyAtmopaniSad, yazovijaya, nyAyAcAra yazovijayakRta graMthamAlA, prakA. zrI jainadharma prakAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1965, 61,, 70, 71, 73 / 27. . arahatA isiNA buiyaM-isibhAsiyAI, saMpA. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prakA. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988, 1 28. evamege u pAsatthA te bhujjo vippgbbhiyaa| evaM uvaTThitA saMtA Na te dukkhvimokkhyaa|| . . - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 1/2/31-32 29. AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukaramuni, prakA. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 2/1/5/29 / 30. he khaMdayA ! sAgayaM, khaMdayA ! susAgayaM - bhagavatIsUtra, saMpA. ghAsIlAla jI, prakA. a.bhA.zce, sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, (199) 26. gama prakAzana

Page #204
rAjakoTa, 1962 / uttarAdhyayana saMpA. sAdhavI caMdanA, prakA. vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, adhyAya 23 / dekheM - zAstravArtAsamuccaya, haribhadrasUri, prakA. lAlabhAI, dalapatabhAI bhAratIya vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1968, 3/206, 3/ 237, 6/64-67 / sAmAyikapATha, saMpA. premarAja bogAvata, prakA. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, 1975, 11 (200)

Page #205
* dharma nirapekSatA aura bauddhadharma * vaijJAnika pragati ke pariNAma svarUpa Aja hamArA vizva simaTa gayA hai| vibhinna saMskRtiyoM aura vibhinna dharmoM ke loga Aja eka dUsare ke nikaTa samparka meM haiN| sAtha hI vaijJAnika evaM audyogika pragati ke kAraNa aura viziSTIkaraNa se hama parasparAzrita ho gae haiN| Aja kisI bhI dharma aura saMskRti ke loga dUsare dharmoM aura saMskRtiyoM se nirapekSa hokara jIvana nahIM jI skte| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki isa parivezajanya nikaTatA aura pArasparika nirbharatA ke bAvajUda Aja manuSya manuSya ke bIca hRdaya kI dUriyAM bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vaiyaktika yA rASTrIya svArthalipsA evaM mahattvAkAMkSA ke kAraNa hama eka-dUsare se kaTate cale jA rahe haiN| dharmoM aura dhArmika sampradAyoM ke saMgharSa bar3hate jA rahe haiM aura manuSya Aja bhI dharma ke nAma para damana, atyAcAra, nRzaMsatA aura raktaplAvana kA zikAra ho rahA hai| eka dharma aura eka sampradAya ke loga dUsare dharma aura sampradAya ko maTiyAmeTa karane para tule hue haiN| ina saba paristhitiyoM meM Aja rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya stara para dharmanirapekSatA kA prazna atyaMta prAsaMgika ho gayA hai| dharmanirapekSatA se hI dharmoM ke nAma para hone vAlI ina saba durghaTanAoM se mAnavatA ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM sarvaprathama hameM yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki dharmanirapekSatA se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai? vastutaH, dharmanirapekSatA ko aMgrejI zabda 'sakyularijma' kA hindI paryAyavAcI mAna liyA gayA hai| hama aksara 'sekyulara sTeTa' kI bAta karate haiN| yahAM hamArA tAtparya aise rAjya/rASTra se hotA hai jo kisI dharma vizeSa ko rASTrIya dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karake apane rASTra meM pracalita sabhI dharmoM ko apanI-apanI sAdhanA paddhati ko apanAne kI svataMtratA, apane vikAsa ke samAna avasara aura sabhI ke prati samAna Adara bhAva pradAna karatA hai| ataH rASTrIya nIti ke saMdarbha meM 'sekyularijma' kA artha dharmavihInatA nahIM, apitu kisI dharma vizeSa ko pramukhatA na dekara, sabhI dharmoM ke prati samavyavahAra haiN| jo loga dharmanirapekSatA kA artha dharma athavA nIti vihInatA karate haiM, ve bhI eka bhrAMta dhAraNA ko prastuta karate haiN| koI bhI vyakti athavA rASTra dharmavihIna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki dharma eka jIvanazailI hai| sekyularijma yA dharmanirapekSatA ke lie mahAtmA gAMdhI ne hameM 'sarvadharma samabhAva' zabda diyA thA, jo adhika mahattvapUrNa aura sArthaka hai| sabhI dharmoM kI sApekSika mUlyavattA ko svIkAra karate hue unake vikAsa ke samAna (201)

Page #206
avasara pradAna karanA hI dharmanirapekSatA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki dhArmika durbhiniveza evaM matAgraha se mukta honA hI dRSTi kI parivAsanA se mukta honA hai| vaha kisI dRSTi/karmakANDa/ upAsanA paddhati se baMdhanA nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'dharma' zabda bhI aneka artha meM prayukta hotA hai| vaha eka ora vastusvarUpa kA sUcaka hai, to dUsarI ora karttavya aura kisI sAdhanA yA upAsanA kI paddhati vizeSa kA bhI sUcaka hai| ataH jaba hama dharmanirapekSatA kI avadhAraNA ke saMdarbha meM dharma' zabda kA prayoga kareM, to hameM usake artha ke sambaMdha meM spaSTatA rakhanI hogii| prastuta saMdarbha meM dharma kA artha na svabhAva hai, na karttavya aura na sadAcaraNa hai| dharma nirapekSatA ke saMdarbha meM 'dharma' zabda AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura upAsanA kI paddhati vizeSa kA paricAyaka hai, jo kisI sImA taka nIti aura AcAra ke vizeSa niyamoM se bhI jur3A hai| ataH dharmanirapekSatA kA tAtparya upAsanA yA sAdhanA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kI sApekSika satyatA aura mUlyavattA ko svIkAra karanA hai| saMkSepa meM kisI eka dharma/sampradAya/ karmakANDa yA upAsanA kI paddhati ke prati pratibaddha na hokara sAdhanA aura upAsanA kI sabhI paddhatiyoM ko vikasita hone evaM jIvita rahane kA samAna adhikAra pradAna karanA hI . dharmanirapekSatA hai| jaba hama bauddhadharma ke saMdarbha meM isa dharmanirapekSatA kI avadhAraNA para vicAra karate haiM to hameM isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kara lenA cAhie ki bauddhadharma bhI eka dharmavizeSa hI hai, ataH usameM dharmanirapekSatA kA vaha artha nahIM hai, jise sAmAnyatayA hama svIkAra karate haiN| usameM dharmanirapekSatA kA tAtparya dUsare dharmoM ke prati samAdara bhAva se adhika nahIM hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki bauddhadharma meM anya dhArmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI usI prakAra samIkSA kI gaI hai, jisa prakAra anya dharmoM evaM darzanoM meM bauddhadharma kI gaI thI, phira bhI bauddhadharma meM sarvadharmasamabhAva evaM dhArmika sahiSNutA ke paryApta AdhAra haiN| bhAratIya ciMtanadhArA kA hI aMga hone ke kAraNa bauddhadharma bhI apane prArambhika kAla se lekara Aja taka dhArmika samanvayazIlatA aura sarvadharmasamabhAva kA Adarza prastuta karatA rahA hai, kyoMki usane pratidvaMdI dharmoM ko zakti ke bala para samApta karane kA kabhI prayatna nahIM kiyaa| eka ora usakI isa samanvayavAditA kA pariNAma yaha huA ki vaha vyApaka hindU dharma meM AtmasAt hokara bhArata meM apanA svataMtra astitva hI nahIM rakha sakA, kiMtu dUsarI ora usane apanI isa samanvayavAditA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vizva ke dharmoM meM zIrSastha sthAna prApta kara liyA aura bhArata ke bAhara bhUTAna, tibbata, cIna, viyatanAma, jApAna, kamboDiyA, thAIlaiNDa, barmA, laMkA Adi dezoM meM unakI saMskRtiyoM (202)

Page #207
se samanvaya sAdhate hue apane astitva kA vistAra kara liyA hai| yahAM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki bauddhadharma ne apanA vistAra sattA aura zakti ke bala para nahIM kiyA hai| bauddhadharma kI udAra aura samanvayazIla dRSTi kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki vaha jisa deza meM gayA vahAM ke AcAra-vicAra aura nIti vyavahAra ko, vahAM ke devI-devatAoM ko isa prakAra se samanvita kara liyA ki una dezoM ke lie vaha eka bAharI dharma na rahakara unakA apanA hI aMga bana gyaa| isa prakAra vaha videza kI bhUmi meM bhI videzI nahIM rhaa| yaha usakI samanvayavAditA hI thI, jisake kAraNa vaha videzI bhUmi meM apane ko khar3A rakha skaa| bauddhadharma meM dharmanirapekSatA kA AdhAra-dRSTirAga kA prahANa dharmanirapekSatA yA sarvadharmasamabhAva kI avadhAraNA tabhI balavatI hotI hai jaba vyakti apane ko Agraha aura matAndhatA ke ghere se Upara uThA ske| Agraha aura matAndhatA se Upara uThane ke lie bauddhadharma meM dRSTirAga (diTThI parivAsanA) kA spaSTarUpa se niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadharma aura sAdhanA paddhati kI anivArya zarta yaha hai ki vyakti apane ko dRSTirAga se Upara uThAe, kyoMki bauddha paramparA meM dRSTirAga ko hI mithyAdRSTi aura dRSTirAga ke prahANa ko samyakdRSTi kahA gayA hai| yadyapi kucha vicAraka yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bauddhadharma yA darzana svayaM meM bhI to eka dRSTi hai| lekina yadi hama bauddhadharma kA gambhIratA se adhyayana kareM to hameM yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki buddha kA saMdeza kisI dRSTi ko apanAnA nahIM thA, kyoMki sabhI dRSTiyAM tRSNA ke hI, rAga ke hI rUpa haiM aura satya ke ekAMza kA grahaNa karatI haiN| ina dRSTiyoM se Upara uThanA hI buddha kI dharmadezanA kA sAra hai| dRSTirAga se Upara uThanA hI dRSTinirapekSatA hai aura ise hI hama dharmanirapekSatA kaha sakate haiN| yadyapi yaha eka niSedhAtmaka prayAsa hI adhika hai, jainoM ke anekAnta ke samAna vidhAyaka prayAsa nahIM hai| phira bhI bauddhadharma meM samyakdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kI carcA huI hai, kiMtu usakI samyakdRSTi, dRSTinirapekSatA yA dRSTizUnyatA ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| bauddhadharma kI dRSTi meM sabhI dRSTiyAM aikAntika hotI hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki Agraha yA ekAMgIdRSTi rAga ke hI rUpa hai aura jo isa prakAra ke dRSTirAga meM rata rahatA hai vaha samyakdRSTi ko upalabdha nahIM hotA, apitu jahAM eka ora svayaM dRSTirAga ke kAraNa baMdhana meM par3A rahatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora isI dRSTirAga ke pariNAmasvarUpa kalaha aura vivAda kA kAraNa banatA hai| isake viparIta jo manuSya dRSTipakSa yA Agraha se Upara uTha jAtA hai, vaha na to vivAda meM par3atA hai na baMdhana meN| vaha vizvazAMti kA sAdhaka hotA hai| (203)

Page #208
suttanipAta meM buddha bahuta hI mArmika zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki jo apanI dRSTi kA dRr3hAgrahI ho dUsaroM ko mUrkha mAnatA hai, vaha dUsare dharma ko mUrkha aura azuddha batalAne vAlA . svayaM hI kalaha kA AhvAna karatA hai| vaha kisI dhAraNA yA dRSTi para avasthita ho, usake. dvArA saMsAra meM vivAda yA kalaha utpanna karatA hai, kiMtu jo sabhI dhAraNAoM ko tyAga detA hai, vaha manuSya saMsAra meM kalaha nahIM karatA hai'' kyoMki dRSTi saga bAMdhatA hai, jo bAMdhatA hai vaha anyatra se tor3atA bhI hai aura jo tor3egA vaha kalaha aura vinAza ko AmaMtrita kregaa| buddha punaH spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki sAdhAraNa manuSyoM kI jo kucha dRSTiyAM haiM, paNDita una sabameM nahIM par3atA hai| dRSTi ko na grahaNa karane vAlA Asaktirahita paNDita kyA grahaNa karegA? buddha ke zabdoM meM jo loga apane dharma ko paripUrNa aura dUsare dharma ko hIna batAte haiM ve dUsaroM kI avajJA (niMdA) se hIna hokara dharma meM zreSTha nahIM ho skte| jo kisI dRSTi vizeSa ko mAnatA hai, jo kisa vAdavizeSa meM Asakta hai vaha manuSya zuddhi ko prApta nahIM ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha ke zabdoM meM vivekI brAhmaNa dRSTi kI tRSNA meM nahIM par3atA, vaha jo kucha bhI dRSTi, zruti yA vicAra hai, una saba para vijayI hotA hai aura dRSTiyoM se pUrNarUpa se mukta ho saMsAra meM lipta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddhadharma dRSTirAga kA niSedha karake isa bAta kA saMdeza detA hai ki vyakti ko sAdhanA aura AdhyAtma ke kSetra meM kisI prakAra ke durAgraha se grasita nahIM honA caahie| bauddhadharma kI yaha spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki binA dRSTirAga ko chor3e koI bhI vyakti na to samyagdRSTi ko prApta ho sakatA hai aura na nirvANa ke patha kA anugAmI ho sakatA hai| isIlie bauddhadharma ke sazakta vyAkhyAtA vidvAna dArzanika nAgArjuna spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM- tattva kA sAkSAtkAra dRSTiyoM ke ghere se Upara uThakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki samagra dRSTiyAM (darzana) use dUSita hI karatI haiN| isa prakAra bauddha darzana kA dRSTirAga ke prahANa kA siddhAMta dharmanirapekSatA ke siddhAMta kA eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra hai| buddha kA saMdeza sadaiva hI Agraha aura matAndhatA ke ghere se Upara uThane kA rahA hai| kyoMki ve yaha mAnate haiM ki satya kA darzana Agraha aura matAndhatA se Upara uThakara hI ho sakatA hai| bauddha darzana kA vibhajyavAda kA siddhAMta bhI hameM yahI saMdeza detA hai ki satya kA samagrarUpa se darzana karane ke icchuka vyakti ko satya ko aikAntika dRSTi se nahIM, apitu anaikAntika dRSTi se dekhanA hogaa| bauddha paramparA meM satya ko aneka pahaluoM ke sAtha dekhanA hI vidvatA hai| theragAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo satya ko eka hI pahalU se (204)

Page #209
dekhatA hai vaha mUrkha hai, paMDita to satya ko aneka pahaluoM se dekhatA hai| vivAda kA janma ekAMgI dRSTi se hotA hai, kyoMki ekAMgadarzI hI Apasa meM jhagar3ate haiN| jaba hama satya ko aneka pahaluoM se dekhate haiM to nizcaya hI hamAre sAmane vibhinna pahaluoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna rUpa hote haiM aura aisI sthiti meM hama kisI eka vicArasaraNI meM Abaddha na hokara satya kA vyApaka rUpa meM darzana karate haiN| isIlie suttanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM ki maiM vivAda (Agraha) ke do phala batAtA hUM- eka to vaha apUrNa aura ekAMgI hotA hai aura dUsare vaha vigraha aura azAMti kA kAraNa hotA hai| nirvANa jo ki hamAre jIvana kA parama sAdhya hai vaha to nirvivAdatA kI bhUmi para sthita hai| isalie buddha kahate haiM ki nirvANa ko nirvivAda bhUmi samajhanevAlA sAdhaka vivAda meM na pdd'e| bhagavAn buddha kI dRSTi meM pakSAgraha yA vAdavivAda nirvANamArga ke pathika ke kArya nahIM haiN| ve spaSTa kahate haiM ki yaha to mallavidyA hai| rAjabhojana se puSTa pahalavAna kI taraha apane prativAdI ko lalakArane vAle vAdI ko usa jaise prativAdI ke pAsa bhejanA cAhie, kyoMki mukta puruSoM ke pAsa vivAdarUpI yuddha kA koI kAraNa hI zeSa nahIM hai aura jo apane mata yA dRSTi ko satya batAte haiM, unase kahanA cAhie ki vivAda utpanna hone para tumhAre sAtha bahasa karane ko yahAM koI nahIM hai|' isa prakAra bauddhadarzana isa bAta ko bhI anucita mAnatA hai ki hama kevala apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI niMdA karate rheN| buddha svayaM kahate haiM ki zuddhi yahIM hai, dUsare vargoM meM nahIM hai, aisA apanI dRSTi meM atidRr3hagrahI vyakti tairthika (mithyAdRSTi) hai| isa prakAra dRSTirAga hI mithyAdRSTi hai aura dRSTigi kA prahANa hI samyagdRSTi hai| dhArmika saMgharSa kI niyaMtraka tattva prajJA . samagra dhArmika matAndhatA aura saMgharSa isIlie hote haiM ki vyakti dhArmika saMdarbho meM vicAra aura tarka kI apekSA zraddhA ko adhika mahattva dete haiN| tarka aura ciMtana se rahita zraddhA aMdhazraddhA hotI hai aura aisI aMdhazraddhA se yukta vyaktiyoM kA upayoga tathAkathita dhArmika netA apane svArthoM kI pUrti ke lie kara lete haiN| ataH dharma ke kSetra meM zraddhA kA sthAna svIkRta karate hue bhI use viveka yA ciMtana se rahita kara denA nahIM hai| bauddhadharma ne sadaiva hI zraddhA kI apekSA tarka aura prajJA ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| AlArakalAmasutta meM buddha spaSTarUpa meM kahate haiM ki he kalAma! tuma merI bAta ko kevala isalie satya svIkAra mata karo ki inako kahane vAlA vyakti tumhArI AsthA yA zraddhA kA keMdra hai| adhyAtma aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pratyeka bAta ko tarka kI tarAjU para taula kara (205)

Page #210
aura anubhava kI kasauTI para kasa kara hI svIkAra karanA caahie| buddha anya vicArakoM kI vaicArika svataMtratA kA kabhI hanana nahIM karanA caahte| isake viparIta ve hamezA kahate haiM ki jo kucha hamane kahA hai use anubhava kI kasauTI para kaso aura satya kI tarAjU para taulo, yadi vaha satya lagatA hai to use svIkAra kro| buddha ke zabdoM meM he kalAma! jaba tuma Atma anubhava se jAnalo ki ye bAteM kuzala haiM, nirdoSa haiM, inake AdhAra para calane se sukha hotA hai tabhI inheM svIkAra karo anyathA nhiiN| buddha AsthA pradhAna dharma ke sthAna para tarka pradhAna dharma kA vyAkhyAna karate haiM aura isa prakAra ke dhArmika matAndhatA aura vaicArika durAgrahoM se vyakti ko Upara uThAte haiN| use kevala zAstA ke prati Adara ke kAraNa svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie| vastutaH, dhArmika jIvana meM jaba taka viveka yA prajJA ko vizvAsa yA AsthA kA niyaMtraka nahIM mAnA jAegA taba taka hama dhArmika saMgharSoM aura dharma ke nAma para khelI jAne vAlI holiyoM se mAnavajAti ko nahIM bacA skeNge| dharma ke lie zraddhA Avazyaka hai, kiMtu use viveka kA anugAmI honA caahie| yaha Avazyaka hai ki zAstra kI sArI bAtoM aura vyAkhyAoM ko viveka kI tarAjU para taulA jAe aura yugIna saMdarbha meM unakA mUlyAMkana kiyA jaae| jaba taka yaha nahIM hotA taba taka dhArmika jIvana meM AI saMkIrNatA kA miTa pAnA sambhava nhiiN| viveka hI aisA tattva hai, jo hamArI dRSTi ko udAra aura vyApaka banA sakatA hai| zraddhA Avazyaka hai, kiMtu use viveka kA anugAmI honA caahie| Aja AvazyakatA bauddhika dharma kI hai aura buddha ne bauddhika dharma kA saMdeza dekara hameM dhArmika matAndhatAoM aura dhArmika AgrahoM se Upara uThane kA saMdeza diyA hai| buddha kA madhyamamArga dharmanirapekSatA kA AdhAra buddha ne apane darzana ko madhyamamArga kI saMjJA dI hai| jisa prakAra nadI kI dhArA kuloM meM na ulajhakara unake madhya se baha letI hai, usI prakAra bauddhadharma bhI aikAntika dRSTiyoM se bacakara apanI yAtrA karatA hai| madhyamamArga kA eka Azaya yaha bhI hai ki vaha kisI bhI dRSTi ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| sAMsArika sukhabhoga aura dehadaNDana kI prakriyA donoM hI usake lie ekAntika hai| ekAntoM ke tyAga meM hI madhyama mArga kI viziSTatA hai| madhyamamArga kA artha hai- paraspara virodhI matavAdoM meM kisI eka hI pakSa ko svIkAra na krnaa| buddha kA madhyamamArga anaikAntika dRSTi kA udAharaNa hai| yadyapi ve kevala niSedhamukha se itanA hI kahate haiM ki hameM aikAntika dRSTiyoM meM nahIM ulajhanA caahie| dhArmika nirapekSatA kA bhI kisI sImA taka yahI Adarza hai ki hameM kisI eka dharma vizeSa yA matavAda (206)

Page #211
vizeSa meM na ulajhakara eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa apanAnA caahie| buddha ke zabdoM meM ekAMzadarzI hI Apasa meM jhagar3ate aura ulajhate haiN| madhyamamArga kA tAtparya hai- vivAdoM se Upara uThanA aura isa artha meM vaha kisI sImA taka dharmanirapekSatA kA hAmI hai| bauddhadharma yaha mAnatA hai ki jIvana kA mukhya lakSya tRSNA kI samApti hai| Asakti aura ahaM se Upara uThanA hI sarvocca Adarza hai| dRSTirAga vaicArika tRSNA athavA vaicArika ahaM kA hI eka rUpa hai aura jaba taka vaha upasthita hai taba taka madhyamamArga kI sAdhanA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH madhyamamArga kA sAdhaka ina dRSTirAgoM se Upara uThakara kArya karatA hai| jaisA ki bauddhadarzana meM kahA gayA hai ki paNDita vahI hai jo ubhaya aMtoM kA vivarjana kara madhya meM sthita rahatA hai| vastutaH, mAdhyastha dRSTi hI dharmanirapekSatA hai| buddha kA jIvana aura dhArmika sahiSNutA / yadi hama buddha ke jIvana ko dekheM to yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki ve svayaM kisI dharma yA sAdhanA-paddhati vizeSa ke AgrahI nahIM rahe haiN| unhoMne apanI sAdhanA ke prArambha meM aneka dharmanAyakoM, vicArakoM aura sAdhakoM se jIvanta samparka sthApita kiyA thA aura unakI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ko apnaayaa| udakarAmaputta Adi aneka sAdhakoM ke samparka meM ve Ae aura unakI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ko siikhaa| yaha samasta carcA pAli tripiTaka meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| cAhe AtmatoSa na hone para unhoMne unakA bAda meM tyAga kiyA ho, phira bhI unake mana meM sabhI sAdhakoM ke prati sadA AdarabhAva rahA aura jJAna prApti ke pazcAt bhI unake mana meM yaha abhilASA rahI ki apane dvArA udghATita satya kA bodha unheM kraae| yaha durbhAgya hI thA ki paMcavargI bhikSuoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI AcArya usa kAla taka kAlakavalita ho cuke the, phira bhI buddha ke dvArA unake pradarzita AdarabhAva unakI udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| yadyapi bauddhadharma meM anya tIrthikoM ke rUpa meM pUrNakazyapa, nigaMThanATaputta, ajitakezakaMbali, maMkhaligozAla Adi kI samAlocanA hameM upalabdha hotI hai, kiMtu aisA lagatA hai ki yaha saba paravartI sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA hI pariNAma hai| buddha jaisA mahAmanasvI ina vaicArika durAgrahoM aura abhinivezoM se yukta rahA ho, aisA socanA sambhava nahIM hai| . punaH bauddhadharma mUlataH eka karmakANDI dharma na hokara eka naitika AcAra paddhati hai| eka naitika AcAra paddhati ke rUpa meM vaha dhArmika durAgrahoM aura abhinivezoM se mukta raha sakatA hai| usake anusAra tRSNA kI samApti hI jIvana kA parama zreya hai aura tRSNA kI parisamApti ke samagra prayatna kisI eka dharma paramparA se sambaddha nahIM kie jA skte| ve (207)

Page #212
sabhI upAya jo tRSNA ke bhedana meM upayogI hoM bauddhadharma ko svIkAra haiN| zIlavAna, samAdhivAna aura prajJAvAna honA bauddha vicAraNA kA mantavya hai, kiMtu ise hama kevala bauddhoM kA dharma nahIM kaha skte| yaha dharma kA sArvajanIna aura sArvakAlika svarUpa hai aura bauddhadharma ise apanAkara vyApaka aura udAra dRSTi kA hI paricAyaka banatA hai| bauddhadharma meM dharma (sAdhanA-paddhati) eka sAdhana hai, vaha pakar3akara rakhane ke lie nahIM hai aura use bhI chor3anA hI hai, ataH vaha sAdhanA ke kisI viziSTa mArga kA AgrahI nahIM hai| upasaMhAra vastutaH, vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM ke AdhAra para sAdhanAgata aura AcAragata bhinnatAeM svAbhAvika haiN| ataH mAnavIya ekatA aura mAnavIya saMgharSoM kI samApti ke lie eka dharma kA nArA na kevala azakya hai apitu asvAbhAvika bhI hai| jaba taka vyaktiyoM meM rucigata aura svabhAvagata bheda hai taba taka sAdhanAgata bheda bhI aparihArya rUpa se bane rheNge| isIlie to buddha ne kisI eka yAna kA upadeza na dekara vividha yAnoM (dharma mArgoM) kA upadeza diyA thaa| Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama ina sAdhanAgata bhedoM ko eka vyApaka pariprekSya meM samanvita kara tathA unakI upAdeyatA ko svIkAra kara eka aisI jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa kareM jo sabhI kI sApekSika mUlyavattA ko svIkAra karate hue mAnava kalyANa meM sahAyaka bana ske| saMdarbha 1. suttanipAta 50/16-17 suttanipAta 51/3, 10-11, 16-20 theragAthA 1/106 udAna 6/4 . suttanipAta 51/2 suttanipAta 46/8-9 (208)

Page #213
hindU dharma aura dhArmika sahiSNutA aura saha-astitva . vizva ke vibhinna dharmoM meM hindU dharma aura vizva ke vibhinna dezoM meM bhArata hI eka aisA deza hai, jo dhArmika sahiSNutA aura saha-astitva ke aviraNa udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| vizva ke vibhinna dezoM ko dekheM to bhArata hI eka aisA deza hai, jahAM vizva ke sabhI pramukha dharmoM ke anuyAyI sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| dhArmika sahiSNutA aura saha-astitva kA isase bar3A udAharaNa kyA ho sakatA hai? yadi hama isa deza kA itihAsa dekhe to vibhinna jAtiyoM evaM dharmoM ke loga yahAM Ae aura isa deza kI mATI ke hokara raha ge| sarvaprathama bhArata meM zaka hUNa Ae aura yahAM ke pariveza meM aise ghula mila gae, Aja unheM alaga se pahacAna pAnA bhI kaThina yA asambhavasA hai| sikaMdara se sAtha grIsa aura yUnAna ke loga bhI bhArata Ae the aura isI mATI meM samAhita ho ge| kerala meM IsAI Ae cAhe unhoMne apane dharma aura apanapI saMskRti ko bacAne kA prayAsa avazya kiyA ho, kiMtu ve isa deza kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti se aprabhAvita bhI nahIM rhe| yahI sthiti IrAna se Ae pArasiyoM kI rhii| isa deza kI mATI ne na kevala unheM svIkAra kiyA, apitu unheM apane dharma aura saMskRti ko surakSita rakhane meM pUrA sahayoga diyaa| yahI sthiti islAma kI bhI rahI- bhArata ne unake dharma aura saMskRti ko bacAe rakhane meM unheM pUrA sahayoga diyaa| islAma bhI eka ora bRhad hindU dharma se prabhAvita huA, to dasarI ora usane use prabhAvita bhI kiyaa| islAma meM majArapUjA aura moharrama jaise parva bRhad hindUdharma ke prabhAva se astitva meM Ae, to dUsarI ora hindUdharma meM nirguNa upAsanA kI jo dhArA vikasita huI, vaha bhI hindUdharma para islAma ke prabhAva kA kAraNa hai| bhArata meM sikkha dharma kI utpatti aura vikAsa Aja bhI hindUdharma aura islAma ke samanvaya kI kahAnI kahatA hai| isa deza meM sUphI saMtoM ke sAtha-sAtha kabIra, dAdU, nAnaka ne sahiSNutA aura saha-astitva kI jo gaMgA bahAI thI, usakI dhArA Aja bhI jIvita hai| bhAratIya saMskRti aura bhAratIya ciMtana prArambha se hI udAravAdI aura samanvayavAdI rahA hai| bhAratIya ciMtana kI isI udAratA evaM samanvayavAditA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hindUdharma vibhinna sAdhanA aura upAsanA kI paddhatiyoM kA kucha aisA saMgrahAlaya bana gayA ki Aja koI bhI vidvAna hindUdharma kI sunizcita paribhASA dene meM asaphala ho jAtA hai| pUjA-upAsanA evaM karmakANDa kI Adima pravRttiyoM se lekara advaita vedAMta kA zreSThatama dArzanika siddhAMta (209)

Page #214
usameM samAhita hai| prakRti pUjA ke vividha rUpoM se lekara nirguNa-sAdhanA vikasita rUpa usameM parilakSita hotA hai| usakI dhArmika samanvayazIlatA hamAre sAmane eka advitIyaka Adarza upasthita karatI hai| dharma ke nAma para jo loga apane svArtha kI siddhi yA aham kA poSaNa cAhate haiM, unheM yadi eka ora kara deM to Aja bhI sAmAnya hindU yA sAmAnya musalamAna sahayoga aura saha-astitva kI bhAvanA ke sAtha jIte haiN| cAhe hama meM bhASa evaM vyavahAragata bhinnatAeM hoM, phira bhI lakSyagata bhinnatA nahIM hai| sabhI usI paramasattA se milana ke AkAMkSI hai| kisI hindI kavi ne sahI kahA hai alaga - alaga nadiyoM ke udgama alaga - alaga hai nadiyoM ke naam| eka hI mahAsAgara meM pAne ko vizrAma phira bhI bahI calI jA rahI hai, avirAma // kabIradAsajI kahate haiM ki 'ko hindU ko turaka kahAve, eka hI mATI ke bhaanndde'| arthAt eka hI deza kI mATI se nirmita eka hI prakAra ke zarIra ke dhArakoM meM kauna hindU aura kauna turka, aisA bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| gAMdhIjI kA kathana thA ki allAha aura Izvara usI paramAtmA ke nAma hai| . mAtra yahI nahIM, hindUdharma dvArA jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko aura bauddhadharma ke bhagavAn buddha ko Izvara ke avatAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lenA, hindUdharma kI samanvayavAditA kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| jaina AcArya haribhadra aura hemacaMdra ke kathanoM ke anusAra nAmabheda ko bhinnatA kA AdhAra na mAnakara vibhinna nAmoM meM usakI paramasattA yA paramAtmA kA darzana karanA dhArmika sahiSNutA kA eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra hai| kisI saMskRta kavi ne bhI kahA thA ki - jinakI zaivadharma vAle ziva ke rUpa meM upAsanA karate haiM, jinheM vedAMta ko mAnane vAle brahma ke nAma se pukArate haiM, jainadharma ko mAnane vAle jinheM arhat kahate haiM aura mImAMsaka jise karma karate haiN| pramANa prastuta karane meM kuzala bauddha jise buddhanAma se abhihita karate haiM aura naiyAyika jise Izvara kahate haiM, ve paramAtmA hari mujhe vAMchita phala pradAna kre| (210)

Page #215
prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI mArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| ___ isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patra patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai ____ isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| _zodhakArya ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rupa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai|

Page #216
DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca.DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA (darzanazAstra) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevAH 1964-67 sahAyaka prAdhyApaka ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1968-85 prAdhyApaka (prophesara) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1985-89 nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI : 1979-1987 evaM 1989-1997 lekhana : 49 pustakeM sampAdana : 160 pustakeM pradhAna sampAdaka : jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) puraskAra : pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra : 1986 evaM 1998 svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra : 1987 DipTImala puraskAra : 1992 AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna : 1994 vidyAvAradhi sammAna : 2003 presIDensIyala avArDa oNpha jainA yU.esa.e 2007 vAgArtha sammAna (ma.pra. zAsana) : 2007 gautama gaNadhara sammAna (prAkRta bhAratI) : 2008 ArcAya tulasI prAkRta sammAna : 2009 vidyAcandrasUrI sammAna : 2011 samatA manISI sammAna : 2012 sadasya : akAdamika saMsthAe~ : pUrva sadasya - vidvata pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla sadasya - jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ : pUrva sadasya - mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati : saMsthApaka - prabaMdha nyAsI evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) pUrvasacivaHpArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| videza bhramaNa yU.esa.e. zikAgoM, rAle, hyUTana, nyUjarsI, uttarIkarolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphrAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa luIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNToM, (kanAr3A) nyUyArka, landana (yU.ke.) aura kATamA (nepAla) Printed at Akrati Offset, UJJAIN Ph. 0734-2561720