Osvansh Udbhav Aur Vikas Part 01

Author(s): Mahavirmal Lodha
Publisher: Lodha Bandhu Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020517/1

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zrI sacciyA mAtA | osarvazaH udbhava aura vikArA prathama khaNDa: jainamata aura osavaMza osavaMza kI kula devI DaoN mahAvIramala lor3hA For Private and Personal Use Only

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osabaMza : udbhava aura vikAsa (prathama khaNDa : jainamata aura osavaMza) lekhaka DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA prAdhyApaka hindI vibhAga (se.ni.), rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, zrIgaMgAnagara prAcArya (pUrva), pArIka mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura ' preraka caMcalamala lor3hA prakAzaka lor3hA baMdhu prakAzana mukhyAlaya : kaTalA kI bArI, jodhapura - 342002 dUrabhASa : 0291-612875 zAkhA : sI-7, bhAgIratha kaoNlonI, caumU hAusa, jayapura - 302001 dUrabhASa : 0141-362334 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prathama saMskaraNa: 1 janavarI, 2000 For: Outstanding Book PL. Remember sola saplAyara "yatIndra sAhitya sadana" sezana korTa ke sAmane sarasvatI vihAra, bhIlavAr3A (rAjA.) phona naM. 221183 (r) saMcAlaka :- phatehasiMha ranohA Current Price Gal yod wz sarvAdhikAra prakAzaka ke adhIna prakAzaka lor3hA baMdhu prakAzana mukhya kAryAlaya - kaTalA kI bArI, jodhapura - 342002 zAkhA - sI-7, bhAgIratha kaoNlonI, caumU hAusa, jayapura-302001 lejara TAipa seTiMga priyA kampyUTarsa jayapura * phona : 311011 mudraNa : iNDiyana maipa sarvisa zAstrI nagara, jodhapura - 342 003 For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSaya-sUcI osavaMza : udbhava aura vikAsa (prathama khaNDa) jainamata aura osavaMza pRSTha AzIrvacana evaM sammatiyAM do zabda viSaya praveza prathama adhyAya : pIThikA : osavaMza ke pahale 1-25 bhAratIya jana 1. bhArata meM vividha prajAtiyAM 2. bhArata meM varNa vyavasthA 3. bhArata meM jAti vyavasthA osavaMza ke pahale: kSatriya aura rAjapUta agnivaMza kA rahasya sUrya aura caMdravaMzIya mata brAhmaNoM kI utpatti osavaMza dvitIya adhyAya : osavaMza kA preraNA srota : jainamata 26-184 'osavaMza aura jainamata jainamata : aitihAsika yAtrA 1. pUrva mahAvIra yuga : jainamata kA pravartana aura pravarddhanakAla (ka) prAgaitihAsika kAla : Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva : adhizeSa tIrthaMkara (kha) aitihAsika kAla ke tIrthaMkara 22 bhagavAna ariSTanemi 23 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 2. mahAvIra yuga : jainamata kA vikAsakAla : bhagavAna mahAvIra jainamata : AcArya paramparA (akhaNDa jinazAsana) bhadrabAhu aura candragupta Arya suhastI aura samprAti osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa 3. mahAvIrottara yuga : jainamata kA prasAra kAla vividha pradezoM meM jainamata kA prasAra For Private and Personal Use Only

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2. vaicArita bhadrabAhu kAla (dUsarI zatAbdI se solahavIM zatAbdI taka) (ka) Agama vAcanA aura saMghabheda kAla (zrutikevali bhadrabAhu se devarddhikSamAzramaNa taka) (kha) saMkrAMtikAla aura haribhadrakAla (haribhadrasUri se lagabhaga 1000 I taka) (ga) sampradAyabheda kAla (1000 I se loMkAzAha taka) vaicArika krAMti athavA lokAzAha kAla (lokAzAha se Aja taka) sthAnakavAsI paramparA mUrtipUjaka paramparA terApaMthI paramparA jainamata : pravartana se prasArakAla taka osavaMza : bIjAropaNa se utkarSa taka jainAcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita osavaMza ke gotra tRtIya adhyAya- osavaMza : udbhava 185-259 upakeza vaMza : vyutpatti prathama mata : paramparAgata dhArmika mata dvitIya mata : bhAToM aura bhojakoM kA mata tRtIya mata : tathAkathita aitihAsika mata osiyA kI prAcInatA upaladeva kauna? upakezagaccha kI prAmANikatA aura aitihAsikatA osavaMza kA udbhava: niSkarSa caturtha adhyAya : osavaMza ke udbhUta gotra : pUrva jAtiyAM 260-395 osavaMza ke 18 gotra gotra saMkhyA nAma- padyAtmaka osavaMza ke gotroM kA vargIkaraNa 1. pratibodhakartA ke AdhAra para 2. gaccha ke AdhAra para pratibodha ke sthAna ke AdhAra para 4. gotroM ke udbhUta- samaya ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra para pUrva jAti ke AdhAra para For Private and Personal Use Only

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1. kSatriyoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 2. parihAra/paDihAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 3. paramAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 4. cauhAna rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 5. rAThaur3a rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 6. kachavAhA rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 7. zizodiyA rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 8. bhATI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 9. solaMkI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 10. gaur3a rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 11. dahiyA rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 12. brAhmaNa (gotra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 13. anya vaizya varga se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 14. kAyasthoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra niSkarSa paMcama adhyAya- jainamata aura osavaMza: sAMskRtika saMdarbha 396-446 jainamata : sAMskRtika saMdarbha kSatriya aura rAjapUta : sAMskRtika saMdarbha osavaMza : sAMskRtika saMdarbha jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA saMrakSaNa, sampreSaNa aura sRjana jaina sAhitya jainagraMtha bhaNDAra jainakalA- jaina mUrtikalA, jaina sthApatyakalA jainatIrtha jaina zikSaNa saMsthAeM jaina patrakAritA osavaMzIya viziSTa puruSa evaM mahilAeM jainamata aura osavaMza : sAMskRtika saMdarbha pariziSTa 447-452 sahAyaka pustaka sUcI (ka) hindI (kha) aMgrejI (ga) patra-patrikAeM (hindI) (gha) Journals (English) For Private and Personal Use Only

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- D AzIrvacana aura sammatiyAM - - For Private and Personal Use Only

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(iv) rakSaNa yogya nitAnta Avazyaka grantha pratyeka jAti-jJAtinI kA pUrva itihAsa hotA hai / vaha itihAsa meM se vartamAna kAlIna vyakti kucha na kucha sIkhatA hai, bodha pA letA hai| Ajakala jamAnA zIghratA kA paryAya ho gayA hai / prAyaH nagaravAsI yuvakoM ko svayaM ke pitA ke pUrvaja Adi kA nAma smRti meM nahIM hai| aise yuga meM aise 'jainamata aura osavaMza' grantha kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Aja ke jaina ke pAsa yadi aise svajAti-jJAni kA itihAsa prApta ho to naI pIr3hI usase paricita ho aura itihAsa kA rakSaNa ho jAe aura aisI paraMparA kA rakSaNa to honA cAhie / DaoN. mahAvIramalajI loDhA ne athaka parizrama kiyA hai| unake bar3e bhAI sAhaba caMcalamalajI lor3hA ne preraNA dI hai| svayaM sthAnaka kI paraMparA vAle haiM / ataH sahaja hai unakA paricaya kSetra vaha rahA ho, kintu itihAsa ke lekhana ke samaya sArI paramparAoM eka so Akalana karanA jarUrI hai| AzA rakhatA hU~ ki agale bhAga meM vaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhakara saMpAdanalekhana ho / yaha yahA~ pUrNa saphalatA prApta kareM, hamArI zubhakAmanA / dhanamindave homacandra pari zrI nemi deva- hemacandra sUri ziSya pradumna sUri zrAvaNa zuklA, SaSTI, vi. saM. 2055 oparA jaina upAzrama pAlaDI, ahamadAbAda - 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Ananda zatAbdI varSa meM racanAtmaka kArya 'osavaMza kA udbhava aura vikAsa kA prathama khaNDa- caMcalamala jI lor3hA ke dvArA prApta huaa| 'jainamata aura osavaMza' ke mAdhyama se DA. mahAvIramala jI lor3hA ne bahuta hI gaharI aitihAsika khoja karane kA kArya kiyA hai| itihAsa meM isa vaMza kI utpatti kahA~ se huI, isake pUrva meM bhArata meM kaisI jAtIya vyavasthA thI, Adi kA sundara varNana karate huye bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha taka aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt AcArya paramparA kA yogadAna isa vaMza kI paramparA meM huA, isakA sundara vizleSaNa karate hue sAhitya kI dRSTi se inhoMne mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| kisI bhI jAti kI sampUrNa jAnakArI ke lie usakA itihAsa jAnanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / isa kRti meM inhoMne sAmAjika, aitihAsika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sundara saMkalana kiyA hai| yaha kRti saMgha, samAja evaM zodha chAtroM ke liye upayogI siddha hogii| AnaMda zatAbdI varSa meM sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha eka racanAtmaka kArya anumodanIya hai| hamArA hArdika AzIrvAda hai ki Apa apanI racanAtmaka zakti ko isI prakAra prakAzita karate rheN| maMgalamaitrI ke saath| zrI pravana (AcArya zivamuni) gaNeza bhavana, jAlanA dinAMka : 17 agasta, 1999 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(vi) eka dustara anusandhAna yAtrA ||arhm|| osavAla jAti kA udbhava apane ApameM eka mahattvapUrNa aura yugAntarakArI ghaTanA hai / jainAcAryoM ke gauravazAlI kartRtva aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA use eka nidarzana kahA jA sakatA hai| kSatriya jaisI marane-mArane ko udyata rahane vAlI yuddhapriya jAti ko ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana jIne ko udyata banA denA kisI camatkAra se kama nahIM hai| AmUlacUla vaicArika parivartana dvArA hI aisA saMskArAntaraNa saMbhava ho sakatA hai| vibhinna samayoM meM vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne aisA kiyaa| usa kAlakhaNDa meM ahiMsA saMskAroM meM dIkSita usa samudAya kA nAmakaraNa 'osavAla kiyA gyaa| vibhinna gotroM ke rUpa meM usakI zAkhA-prazAkhAoM ke phailAva ne use eka zatazAkhI kalpavRkSa banA diyaa| osavAla jAti ne saMskRti, kalA, sAhitya, rAjanIti evaM vyavasAya Adi prAyaH pratyeka kSetra meM unnata zikharoM para apane dhvaja gAr3e haiN| aneka vidvAnoM ne osavaMza ke vibhinna samayoM ke una pragati-par3AvoM kA adhyayana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, parantu ukta kArya bahuta zrama sAdhya aura samaya sAdhya hai| jitanA jAnA gayA hai usase aneka guNa adhika jJAtavya hai| yaha eka dustara anusaMdhAna-yAtrA hai, jo pUrNa hokara bhI pUrNa nahIM hotii| maMjila para pahu~cane para patA calatA hai ki Age aura bhI maMjileM haiN| DaoN. mahAvIramala loDhA kI pustaka "jainamata aura osavaMza" kA prathama khaNDa hai - jainamata aura osavaMza / prastuta pustaka korA itihAsa hI nahIM hai, yaha jainamata ke pariprekSya meM osavaMza ke itihAsa ke sAtha usake vikAsa para bhI prakAza DAlane kA upakrama hai| vidvAna lekhaka ne apane pUrvavartI lekhakoM ke vicAroM kA bharapUra upayoga karate huye aneka niSkarSa nikAle haiN| unase aneka praznoM ko samAhita karane kA prayAsa huA hai, to sAtha hI aneka naI jijJAsAoM ke jAgaraNa ke dvAra bhI khule haiN| maiM ise lekhaka ke zrama kI saphalatA mAnatA huuN| AzA karatA hU~ - pustaka kA dUsarAkhaNDa bhI prakAza meM Akara graMtha ko zIghra hI pUrNatA pradAna kregaa| muni buddhamalla dinAMka - 10 agasta, 1999 tAter3a gesTa hAUsa, saradArapurA, jodhapura For Private and Personal Use Only

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(vii) madanagaMja dinAMka 4 akTUbara, 1999 osavaMza sata sRjana kI, mehanata karI kamAla, nija jAti samAna kI, 'rajata' lekhoM sahAla / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rUpa muni 'rajata ' pravarttaka zrI jaina zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha For Private and Personal Use Only

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(viii) Paayas Arunvijay Maharaj 16 Aug., 1999 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pUnA zrI AdIzvara jaina maMdira AdinAtha sosAyaTI pUnA satArA ror3a pUnA - 421037 itihAsa kI kar3I joDane vAlA AdhAra stambha graMtha " jaina mata aura osa vaMza" prastuta grantha ke avalokana kA avasara milaa| kAphI varSoM se mana meM eka aisI jijJAsA AkAra letI thI ki ...... . jaina dharma ke caubIsoM tIrthaMkara kSatriya the aura unake hI vaMzaja Aja hama saba aba koI kSatriya nahIM hai| Akhira kyoM aura kaise ? Aja kSatriyoM meM jaina dharma kA nAmonizAna nahIM rahA hai aura aba koI kSatriya yA rAjapUtAdi koI jaina dharma ke pada para bhI nahIM Ate haiN| mAtra DhAI hajAra varSoM ke antarAla kAla meM itanA hrAsa kaise ho gayA ? bar3A Azcarya evaM asamaMjasa kA viSaya hai| - kAphI lambI-caur3I jijJAsA kaI varSoM se banI rahI ki. hama Aja osavAla yA poravAla haiM, Akhira kyoM ? yaha gotra kaise banA ? yaha hamArA vaMza kaise calA ? kyA hama hI to kSatriyoM ke parivartita rUpa vAle to nahIM haiM? agara ina rahasyoM kA patA cale aura yaha tathya ujAgara hokara sAmane Ae ki 'hama hI kSatriyoM ke parivartita rUpa vAle haiM aura kSatriya hamAre pUrvaja the to hameM jarUra gaurava hogA aura Ananda bhI hogaa| dharmalAbha ! Aja jaba zrImAna caMcalamalajI lor3hA svayaM yaha pustaka lekara pUnA padhAre aura mujhe mile, prastuta pustaka hAtha meM dI tathA maukhika kucha bAta bhI batAI taba lagA ki aneka varSoM kI uparokta jijJAsA saMtoSane kA avasara AyA hai| pUrA samaya milane para akSaraza: pUrNa avalokana karU~gA aura Age pragaTa hone vAlA dvitIya tRtIya bhAga bhI jarUra dekhuuNgaa| taba kAphI samAdhAna hogA, aisI AzA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only sacamuca to pratyeka vyakti ko apane vaMza-gotrAdi ke itihAsa kI jAnakArI rakhanI hI caahie| mujhe AzA hI nahIM apitu pUrNa vizvAsa bhI hai ki prastuta grantha ke avalokana se osavAloM ko svagotra- vaMza Adi kI utpatti evaM vRddhi Adi kI saMtoSaprada sAmagrI milegii| usase kAphI AnaMda hogaa| isa prayAsa ke lie zrImAna caMcalamalajI loDhA evaM lekhaka mahAvIramalajI loDhA-ubhaya baMdhuoM ne jo puruSArtha kiyA hai, vaha vAstava meM sarAhanIya hai, prazasya hai| maiM baMdhuoM ko hArdika AzIrvAda ke sAtha zat-zat abhinaMdana dete hue prastuta prayAsa kI kAphI sarAhanA karatA hU~ aura AzA karatA hU~ ki itihAsa kI kar3I jor3ane meM prastuta grantha AdhArastambha bnegaa| abhAgavijaya aruNavijaya

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(ix) - - samAja, deza aura jAti ke liye varadAna rUpa mujhe yaha jAnakara parama prasannatA hai ki AdaraNIya suzrAvaka samAja sevI zrImAna caMcalamalajI loDhA kI preraNA va prayatna se DaoN. mahAvIramalajI loDhA dvArA osavAla vaMza kA itihAsa prakAzita ho rahA hai| koI bhI jAti apanI sabhyatA, saMskRti se hI jIvita raha sakatI hai| osavAla jAti bhI apanI saMskRti se Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika bhArata ke pratyeka kSetra meM isakA amUlya yogadAna rahA hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI isameM vimalazAha, udayana, dIvAna muhaNota nainasI, ratanasiMha bhaNDArI, ajamera ke zAsaka dhanarAja, indrarAja siMdhI, bIkAnera ke karamacanda, mevAr3a ke AzAzAha ne udaya siMha ko zaraNa dI, bhAmAzAha mahArANA pratApa ke dIvAna rahe, jagaDUzAha Adi aneka dharmavIroM - dAnavIroM ne isa osavAla vaMza kI gaurava gAthA meM cAra cA~da lagAe haiN| isI prakAra jainAcAryoM kI paramparA meM AcArya amarasiMha jI, AcArya amolaka RSi jI, AcArya hastImala jI, AcArya Ananda RSi jI, AcArya devendra muni jI Adi anekAneka AcAryoM ko dene kA gaurava isa osavAla jAti ko rahA hai| grantha ke prathama khaNDa meM isake udbhava evaM vikAsa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo pratyeka pAThaka kI jAnakArI hetu paThanIya hai| AzA hI nahIM apitu pUrNa vizvAsa hai Apa dvArA kiyA gayA yaha prayAsa samAja deza va jAti ke lie varadAna rUpa siddha hogA, Apake isa sadprayAsa ke lie sAdhuvAda va maMgala bhAvanAe~ arpita haiN| AcArya samrATa zrI devendra muni jI ke ziSya DaoN. rAjendra muni oraMgAbAda 17-8-99 For Private and Personal Use Only

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stutya graMtha 'osavaMza : udbhava aura vikAsa' kA prathama khaNDa 'jainamata aura osavaMza' jainamata aura osavaMza ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI dRSTi se eka anUThA graMtha hai| maiM ubhaya baMdhuoM - preraka zrI caMcalamala jI lor3hA aura lekhaka DaoN. mahAvIra mala lor3hA ke isa stutya prayAsa ke liye maMgala kAmanA karatA huuN| jJAna muni byAvara % 3D - For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xi) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahArASTra vANIbhUSaNa sAdhvI zrI prItisudhAjI mahArAja ausssavAla hai moTo I kimakara rakhaNI apaNI zAna // sa''jjana satpuruSAro 1 ApA rakhanA kimakara mAna || vA''rI kartavagArI rI 1 itihAsa hI rakhasI yAda / / la''kSaNa sapUtarA hai 1 ye hI, tAjo kare purAno svAda // jAta likho to ghaNA roba su / soco AI kaThA sU A // hasuA milI nyAta hai / bAta pUcho lA kiNa ne jA // Apa AparI mUla jAta ro / khoja nikAlo bheda 11 sabasu prIta rakho hiradAsu / meTo aMtara mana rA kheda || For Private and Personal Use Only sAdhvI prItisudhA

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(xii) hara pIr3hI ke liye prakAza stambha itihAsa kI gaurava gAthAoM meM osavaMza kA avismaraNIya sahayoga sadaiva se rahA hai| cAhe vaha dhArmika ho, Arthika ho, rAjanaitika ho aura cAhe pAramArthika kSetra hI kyoM na ho, osa vaMza meM janmeM pale bar3e hue bhAmAzAha, AzAzAha, pepar3azAha, jagaDuzAha, sAraMgazAha Adi-Adi ke dAna samarpaNa aura karuNA kI divya gaurava gAthAe~ Aja bhI jana-jana ke mukhaprasphuTita hotI hai| inhIM karNadhAroM ke kAraNa osavaMza kA itihAsa Aja bhI camaka rahA hai| jaina itihAsa ke prAMgaNa meM mahAn krAMtikArI AcArya zrI dharmadAsa jI mahArAja, kSamAzramaNa zrI bhUdharajI ma.sA. yugapradhAnAcArya cakravartI AcArya zrI jayamala jI ma.sA., Agama marmajJa sva. AcArya zrI jItamala jI ma.sA., Agama marmajJa sva. AcArya zrI jItamala jI ma.sA. sAhitya sUrI AcArya pravara zrI lAlacandra jI ma.sA. Adi mahApuruSoM kA abhUtapUrva amiTa yogadAna rahA hai| itihAsa marmajJa suzrAvaka zrImAn caMcalamala sA lor3hA ke sadprayAsoM se aura lekhaka DaoN. mahAvIra mala jI lor3hA kA osavAla vaMza kA itihAsa graMthita rUpa meM osavAla samAja ke lie eka varadAna siddha hogaa| ApakA yaha prayAsa zrama sAdhya hai| isase pUrva bhI osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA va vistAra Adi kI carcA choTI-bar3I pustakoM ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM, magara itanA vizAla graMthAkAra ke rUpa meM prayAsa to sambhavataH prathama bAra hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| zrIyuta lor3hA jI kA yaha satprayAsa Ane vAlI hara pIr3hI ke lie prakAza-staMbha kA kArya kareM, isI zubhAzaMsA ke saath| mahAsatI zrI sugana kuMvara vraja-mudhakara bhavana 13-10-99 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xiii) itihAsa kA kalpavRkSa AtmA kI hamArA paramAtmA hai, jJAna kI kuMjI hI kalpavRkSa hai, hamArA AdhAra dharma kA kalpavRkSa hai| itihAsa kA kalpavRkSa hai - jainamata aura osvNsh| sAdhvI kaMcana kaMvara kucerA - For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xiv) - - - itihAsa nirmANa kI dizA meM upayogI grantha 'osavAla vaMza : udbhava aura vikAsa ke prathama bhAga ko dekhakara bar3I prasannatA kA anubhava huaa| yaha graMtha apane Apa meM eka anUThA grantha hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvakAlIna tathA uttarakAlIna varNa vyavasthA kA tathA vibhinna paramparAoM kA ullekha karane ke sAtha hI osavAla gotroM para prakAza DAlA hai| isa graMtha meM jaina tIrtha, mUrtikalA, zikSaNa saMsthAna Adi kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| osavAla vaMza kI utpatti kahA~ se huI, jainadharma para kisa prakAra unakA prabhAva par3A, ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana jIne ko kaise udyata hue, isa para lekhaka DaoN. mahAvIramalajI lor3hA ne acchA prabhAva DAlA hai| prastuta pustaka itihAsa kI nirmANa dizA meM atyanta upayogI siddha hogI, aisA merA pUrNa vizvAsa hai / yaha pustaka kevala paThanIya hI nahIM, apitu saMgrahaNIya bhI hai| merI yaha zubhakAmanA aura pUjyA zrI premakavarajI ma.sA. kA pUrNa AzIrvAda hai ki niHsvArtha sevAbhAvI zrImAn caMcalamalasA lor3hA kI preraNA tathA zrImAn DaoN. mahAvIramala sA lor3hA kA yaha prayAsa itihAsa ke kSetra meM kIrtimAna siddha ho| osavAla jAti kA hai nUtana graMtha vizeSa gAgara meM sAgara bharA, par3hakara bano jJAneza sAdhvI vimalavatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xv) 19-9-99 zubhAzaMsA "osavAla vaMza kA udbhava aura vikAsa prathama khaNDa mujhe bhatIje caMcalamala lor3hA ne dikhAyA aura maiMne use sarasarI nigAha se dekhaa| lekhaka bhatIja mahAvIramala lor3hA kA yaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai| yUropIyana hisTrI ke lekhaka heja ne apanI pustaka kI bhUmikA meM kahA hai- "Man without man's past is meaningless." osavaMza kA udbhava va vikAsa kaise huA, isa vaMza kI utpatti kahA~ se huI, osavAla jAti meM kauna-kauna sI jAtiyoM ke loga, jaise rAjapUta, brAhmaNa, kAyastha ityAdi samAviSTa hue haiM, jaina dharma kA kisa prakAra una para gaharA prabhAva par3A, jisase unako ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana jIne ko udyata banA diyA, ina bAtoM para lekhaka ne acchA prakAza DAlA hai| jaina dharma kI maiM do bar3I dena mAnatA hU~ - eka to zAkAhArI bhojana va dUsarA ahiMsA kA siddhAnta, jisase kevala bhAratavAsI hI nahIM, balki samasta saMsAra ke loga prabhAvita hue haiN| caJcalamala va mahAvIramala isa prayAsa ke liye badhAI ke pAtra haiM aura maiM unake liye apanI zubhakAmanAe~ va AzIrvAda preSita karatA huuN| cApamalaloTA cA~damala lor3hA mukhya nyAyAdhipati (sevAnivRtta) rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya, jodhapura For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xvi) eka aitihAsika dastAveja Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA dvArA likhita 'osavaMza: udbhava aura vikAsa' ke prathama khaNDa 'jainamata aura osavaMza' kA avalokana kiyaa| isameM varNa evaM jAtiyoM kI utpatti, jaina darzana, osavaMza kA udbhava, osavaMza kI 2400 gotroM kI sUcI, gotroM kA vizleSaNa kiyA, yaha zramasAdhya evaM prazaMsanIya kArya hai| lekhaka ne gahana adhyayana kara aneka granthoM zilAlekhoM, paTTAvaliyoM se zodha kara samAjopayogI mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| isa pustaka kA kArya sarAhanIya hai evaM vandanIya hai / DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA ke sAhityika yajJa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa anuSThAna hai / yaha aitihAsika dastAveja siddha hogA, aisI kAmanA hai| zrI kRSNamala lor3hA pUrva nyAyAdhipati (sevAnivRtta), rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya pUrva adhyakSa, rAjya Ayoga upabhoktA saMrakSaNa rAjasthAna saMrakSaka, akhila bhAratIya jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xvii) - - eka pramANika graMtha osavAla vaMza para pUrva meM kucha pustakeM prakAzita huI haiM, kintu jainamata aura osavaMza ke preraNA ke saMbaMdhoM ko ujAgara karane vAlI yaha prathama pustaka hai| prAgaitihAsika kAla ke pramANoM se puSTa kara lekhaka ne osavAla jAti ko AryajAti svIkAra kiyA hai tathA jainAcAryoM ko osavaMza kA preraNA srota kahA hai| bhagavAna RSabha ke yuga se mahAvIra ke yuga taka kA vizleSaNa karate hue jaina dharma ke vikAsa kI kahAnI ko vartamAna yuga taka dhArApravAha rUpa meM preSita karane kA parizrama pAThaka ke lie upayogI rahA hai| osiyA (mAravAr3a) sthAna ko sAdhAraNataH osavAla vaMza kI utpatti ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai, magara koI bhI paramparA eka dina meM prArambha nahIM hotii| osiyA ke zilAlekha osavaMza kI utpatti para prakAza DAlate haiN| lekhaka ne paTTAvaliyoM, guTakoM, vibhinna granthAgAroM ke sAhitya kA upayoga karate huye pustaka ko prAmANika stara pradAna kiyA hai| vartamAna meM osavAla jAti, jainadharma ke pUraka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jAtI hai, yadyapi jAti aura dharma ke kArya-kalApoM meM bahuta antara hotA hai| phirabhI osavAla samAja kI vyavasthA meM jainadharma pratibimbita hotA hai / jarmana vidvAna vyUhalara dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA ke samaya eka jaina parivAra ke yahA~ ThaharA thA aura unakI jIvana zailI ko dekhakara jaina dharma kI ora AkarSita huA thaa| usake pariNAmasvarUpa harmana jekobI ne gaharA adhyayana kara pramANita kiyA thA ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma se bhinna hai| lekhaka ne gahare adhyayana aura parizrama se pustaka ko vistAra diyA hai, vaha stutya hai| AzA hai yaha pustaka osavAla aura jainamata ke logoM ke lie hI upayogI nahIM hogI, apitu sAdhAraNa pAThaka ko bhI prerita kregii| lekhaka ne aneka pustakeM vibhinna viSayoM para likhI haiM, lekina yaha pustaka apanI hI jAti aura dharma ko samarpita kara lekhaka ne samAja se RNamukta hone kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAdhuvAda. mahAvIra gela mahAvIra rAya gelar3A nidezaka (se.ni.) mahAvidyAlaya zikSA, rAjasthAna sarakAra, jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xviii) 49, himmata nagara, ToMka ror3a, jayapura zrIpAla jaina dinAMka 6-10-99 saMdarbha graMtha ke liye sArvajanika sammAna ke pAtra - yaha tathya to sarvavidita hai ki zvetAmbara jaina mata tathA osavAla jAti eka-dUsare se abhinna haiM aura unakA itihAsa paraspara gumphita hai| isa bindu ko dRSTi meM rakha vidvAna lekhaka DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA ne jainamata aura osavaMza" kA lekhana prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM ve pUrNa rUpa se saphala hue haiN| pUrvAgraharahita hokara DaoN. lor3hA ne osavAla jAti, osiyA nagarI aura vibhinna gotroM ke prAdurbhAva ke sambandha meM vibhinna pracalita matoM kA samyak Akalana aitihAsika pariprekSya meM kara apane vicAroM ko pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhA hai| jaina dharma ke utthAna-patana kA kAla vibhAjana unakA maulika cintana hai| apane pakSa ko zilAlekhoM, paTTAvaliyoM, bhojakoM aura bhAToM ke kavittoM, adhikArI itihAsavettAoM ke kathanoM kA sahArA lekara tarkayukta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa vizada phalaka ko citrita karane meM unako kitanA kaThora parizrama karanA par3A hogA, isakI sahaja hI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM yaha pustaka eka saMdarbha graMtha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI hai aura bhaviSya meM isa viSaya para likhane vAloM ke liye yaha preraNA srota banegI, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| pratyeka osavAla ke ghara meM isa pustaka kA honA eka anivAryatA bana gaI hai| DaoN. lor3hA apane prayAsa ke liye na kevala badhAI, apitu samAja dvArA sArvajanika sammAna ke pAtra bhI haiN| mAnana zrIpAla jaina prAcArya (se.ni.) mahAvidyAlaya zikSA, rAjasthAna sarakAra, jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xix) DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ema.e., pI-eca.DI. (esozieTa prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura) pradhAna sampAdaka : jinavANI 547394 mizrIlAlajI ThekedAra kA makAna, AkAzavANI ke pIche, // pAvaTA "sI ror3a, jodhapura - 342010 (rAja.) dinAGka : 17.9.99 eka stutya prayAsa 'osa (vAla) vaMza : udbhava aura vikAsa' pustaka ke prathama khaNDa kA sthAlI pulAka nyAya se avalokana kiyaa| yaha khaNDa jaina itihAsa ko prastuta karane ke sAtha osavaMza ke udbhava evaM vikAsa para prakAza DAlatA hai| grantha meM varNa-vyavasthA, mahAvIra pUrva, mahAvIra yuga, mahAvIrottara yuga evaM jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM evaM paramparAoM kI saMkSipta carcA karane ke sAtha osavaMza ke gotroM kA vibhinna AdhAroM para vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| osavAla jAti meM kSatriya rAjapUtoM ke atirikta brAhmaNa, kAyastha Adi jAti ke loga bhI samAviSTa hue haiM, aisA isa graMtha meM nirdeza hai| jainoM ke sAMskRtika sandarbhako prastuta karate hue grantha bhaNDAroM, mUrtikalA, jainatIrthoM, zikSaNa-saMsthAoM, jaina patrakAritA Adi kA bhI grantha meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| lekhaka ke samakSa zrI sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI, zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI, zrImatI manamohinI, zrI mA~gIlAla bhUtor3iyA Adi ke dvArA racita osavAla vaMza kA pratipAdana karane vAlI pustakeM vidyamAna rahI haiN| ataH inake prakAza meM evaM aneka mUlagranthoM evaM dvitIyaka sandarbhagranthoM ke prakAza meM yaha pustaka likhI gaI haiN| lekhaka zrI mahAvIramala lor3hA evaM preraka zrI caMcalamala lor3hA kA yaha prayAsa stutya hai| (dharmacanda jaina) For Private and Personal Use Only

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(xx ) vistRta jJAna aura gahana parizrama kA paricAyaka 'jainamata va osavaMza' kA prathama khaNDa dekhane kA avasara milA / prayatna stutya hai| DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA va unake agraja caMcalamala lor3hA ne jisa prayatna ko hAtha meM liyA hai, vaha zramasAdhya hote hue bhI atyanta mahatva kA hai / jainamata bhArata ke prAcInatama dharmoM meM se eka hai aura usakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ne samasta bhAratIya jIvana, AcAra, saMskRti va cintana ko prabhAvita kiyA hai aura isI vaiziSTya ne rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika uthalaputhaloM meM eka atyanta ucca jIvana paddhati ko bhArata meM pravAhita hone diyA aura vizva zAnti hetu ucca mAnadaNDoM ko sthApita kiyaa| jainoM kA itihAsa sampUrNa bhAratIya paramparA kA itihAsa hai| 25.9.99 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir grantha meM jaina AcAryoM va AdhyAtmika pravAha kA jisa gaharAI se varNana kiyA gayA hai aura usameM jainoM ke atirikta vaidika paurANika mAnyatAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA, vaha lekhaka ke vistRta jJAna aura gahana parizrama kA paricAyaka hai / osavaMziyoM kI mUla utpatti kSatriyoM se huI, para itihAsa kI gaharAIyoM meM jAveM to aura isake sAtha anya aneka vaizya jAtiyoM kA jaina dharma meM praveza deza kI vibhinna dArzanikoM dhArAoM kA saMgharSa aura unameM se jaina vicAradhArA ko surakSita nikAlane kA prayatna itihAsa kA mahatvapUrNa pahalU hai aura usa pahalU para bhI aura gaharAI se cintana ho to itihAsa ke aneka adhakhule pRSTha ujAgara ho sakeMge, maiM paramaprabhu se isa prayatna kI saphalatA kI prArthanA karatA huuN| pAlAla sAlecA campAlAla sAlecA sadasya nAkaur3A jaina tIrtha TrasTa, mevAnagara ( bAr3amera jilA, rAjasthAna) For Private and Personal Use Only

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do zabda jAti kA itihAsa jAtIya jIvana kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hotI hai| bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana meM osavaMza kA AvirbhAva aura phira usakA vikAsa eka mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai / osavaMza eka gauravapUrNa jAti hai aura bacapana se hI mere mana meM lalaka rahI ki osavaMza ke gauravazikharoM kI prazasti meM maiM apanA yogadAna prastuta karUM / do dazaka pahale isa deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka ghUma ghUma kara maiMne 'osavAla: darzana: digdarzana' ke liye aneka jIvanavRta ekatrita kiye| merI apanI sImAeM thI aura vaha kArya prakAzita hone para bhI AdhA adhUrA hI rahA / pUnA meM rahate hue eka lambe samaya taka osavAla jAti kI patrikA 'baMdhu saMdeza' kA sampAdana- prakAzana kiyA aura usameM osavAla jAti ke itihAsa ko saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta karane kI ceSTA kI / mere anuja DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA lagabhaga cAra dazakoM se hindI ke adhyayana-adhyApana se jur3e hue haiN| unakI sevAnivRtti ke pazcAt maiMne unheM preraNA dI ki jIvana ke isa mor3a para jAti kA itihAsa likhakara dharma aura jAti se bhI unheM jur3anA cAhiye DaoN. mahAvIramala ne "osavaMza: udbhava aura vikAsa' kA prathama khaNDa 'jainamata aura osavaMza' prastuta kara zlAghanIya kArya kiyA hai| yaha prabandha osavaMza ke udbhava ke prazna kI dRSTi se eka prAmANika aura anusaMdhAnaparaka dastAveja siddha hogA, aisI merI mAnyatA hai yaha 'osavaMza: udbhava aura vikAsa' kA pahalA par3Ava hai, dUsarA par3Ava dvitIya khaNDa osavaMza ke gotroM para prAmANika sAmagrI prastuta karegA / lekhaka ne gotra sambandhI prAyaH sabhI upalabdha zilAlekhoM aura dhAtu pratimA lekhoM ko ekatrita kara liyA hai / vividha gotroM kI prAmANika sAmagrI- guTakoM, vaMzAvaliyoM Adi ko ekatrita karane kA maiMne bIr3A uThAyA hai| osavaMza ke vikAsa ko sahI pariprekSya meM prastuta karane ke liye osavaMza ke viziSTha puruSoM / nAriyoM ke jIvanavRta aura upalabdhiyoM kI apekSA rahegI aura mujhe vizvAsa hai ki osavaMza ke sabhI kSetroM - vyavasAya aura vANijya, rAjanIti aura samAja, kalA aura saMskRti ke viziSTha puruSoM / nAriyoM kI upalabdhiyoM kA lekhA jokhA hameM prApta hogA / For Private and Personal Use Only prAmANika sAmagrI kI upalabdhi eka dustara kArya hai, kintu osavaMziyoM ke sahayoga se hameM avazya saphalatA milegI / - c.m. .mage caMcala mala lor3hA

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viSaya praveza 'jainamata aura osavaMza' graMtha ko prastuta karate hue mujhe atyadhika sukha kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| mere agraja lor3hA kulabhUSaNa zrI caMcalamala jI ne lagabhaga eka dazaka pUrva mere mana meM 'osavaMza kA itihAsa' likhane kI preraNA jAgRta kii| sevAnivRtti ke anantara 'naitika zikSA: vividha AyAma ke prakAzana ke pazcAta mere agraja ne mujhe yaha dAyitva soMpA ki maiM 'osavaMza: udbhava aura vikAsa ko do khaNDoM meM prastuta kara osavaMza ke itihAsa ko eka nayI dRSTi pradAna kruuN| lagabhaga 7 dazaka pahale zrI sukhasampatarAja jI bhaNDArI kA 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa prakAzita huA thaa| yaha osavAla jAti ke itihAsa lekhana kA pahalI bAra vyavasthita aura Adhunika dRSTikoNa se prayatna thaa| isake pahale phuTakara prayatna hue the| usa samaya bhaNDArI jI ke netRtva meM cAra daloM ne Der3ha lAkha mIloM kI lambI yAtrA kii| bhaNDArI jI ne athaka parizrama karake graMtha kA nirmANa kiyaa| yaha graMtha osavAla jAti ke itihAsa kA pahalA mIla kA patthara thaa| lekhaka ke anusAra isa jAti kA itihAsa kitanA mahatvapUrNa aura gauravamaya rahA hai, yaha bAta isa itihAsa ke pAThakoM ko bhalI bhA~ti rozana ho jaaegii|' svayaM lekhaka ne svIkAra kiyA ki isameM zilAlekhoM kA abhAva hai| abhI kamiyoM ke bAvajUda lekhaka kA dAvA thA ki abhI taka koI bhI jAtIya itihAsa, bhAratavarSa meM isakI jor3a kA nahIM hai|' __ zrImatI manamohinI ke 'osavAla: darzana: digdarzana' ne osavAla kauna kyA (Whose, Who) kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM osavaMza ke itihAsa ko prastuta kiyA gyaa| osavAla kauna kyA kI sAmagrI juTAI thI- zrI caMcalamala lor3hA ne| isakI bhUmikA meM spaSTa kahA hai 'saMskRti prANa hai to jAti shriir| binA prANa ke zarIra nahIM raha sktaa|' khaNDa khaNDa vicAroM ke prastutIkaraNa ke kAraNa isakI bhUmikA meM prabandhAtmaka anviti kA abhAva khaTakatA hai| isa graMtha ne spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA, 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa jainadharma ke itihAsa se bahuta alaga nahIM hai| jainadharma yadi eka nirbandha jharanA hai to usa jharane kA jala do taToM kI sImA meM baMdhakara bahane para osavAla jAti saMjJaka saritA kahA jA sakatA hai|' ___'osavAla jAti ke itihAsa' ke lagabhaga AdhI zatAbdI ke pazcAt zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI ne 'osavAla vaMza: anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM prakAzita huaa| isakI bhUmikA meM lekhaka ne svIkAra kiyA, 'jaina jAtiyoM meM kaunasI jAti kaba For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya 'osavaMza ke pahale : bhAratIya jana' meM bhArata kI prajAtiyoM, varNavyavasthA aura jAtivyavasthA ke vizAla biyAvAna meM osavaMza ko DhUMDhane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| ___ jainamata osavaMza kA preraNA srota hai aura jainAcArya osavaMza ke sUtradhAra rahe haiN| dvitIya adhyAya 'osavaMza kA preraNA srota : jainamata' meM jainamata kA sampUrNa itihAsa simaTa gayA hai| pUrva mahAvIra yuga' jainamata kA pravartana aura pravarddhanakAla hai, 'mahAvIra yuga jainamata kA vikAsakAla' aura 'mahAvIrottara yuga' ko hama jainamata kA prasArakAla kaha sakate haiM / isI krama meM mahAvIra yuga meM osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa huA aura phira mahAvIrottara yuga meM osavaMza kA pravartana, pravarddhana, vikAsa aura prasAra huaa| isa adhyAya ke anta meM jainAcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita gotroM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya 'osavaMza : udbhava' meM paramparAgata dhArmika mata, bhAToM aura bhojakoM kA mata aura tathAkathita aitihAsika kI prasthApanA kara unakA gaharAI se vivecana-vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| lekhaka kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki tathAkathita aitihAsika mata kA AdhAra lekara naiNasI muhaNauta se lekara Aja taka osavaMza ke itihAsako pratiSThita itihAsakAroMtakane kevala anumAnoM kA sahArA lekara osavaMza ke Adi puruSa ko uppaladeva paramAra meM DhUMDhane kI asaphala ceSTA kI hai| kevala abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para hI itihAsa kI saMracanA nahIM ho sktii| maukhika paramparA se prApta paTTAvaliyoM ko bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| agara itihAsa kA AdhAra svIkAra karanA hai to kevala anumAnoM ke sahAre itihAsa kA DhA~cA khar3A nahIM ho sktaa| caturtha adhyAya osavaMza ke udbhUta gotra : pUrva jAtiyAM' meM pUrva jAtiyoM aura unakI vaMzAvaliyoM ke pariprekSya meM yaha prastuta kiyA ki kina kina pUrva jAtiyoM se kauna kauna se gotra kaba kaba udbhUta hue ? yaha mAnya hai ki osavaMza ke adhikAMza gotra kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM se udbhUta hue haiN| brAhmaNoM, vaizyoM aura kAyasthoM se udbhUta gotra nagaNya hai| aMtima adhyAya 'jainamata aura osavaMza : sAMskRtika saMdarbha' meM isa bAta kI prasthApanA kI gaI hai ki jainamata aura osavaMza ke bIca sAMskRtika setu hai| jainAcAryoM ne lagabhaga 2500 varSoM taka mukhya rUpa se kSatriyoM aura phira rAjapUtoM (rAjapUtakAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM) ko ahiMsAmUlaka jIvana saMskRti kA pATha pddh'aayaa| jainAcAryoM ne paMca mahAvratoM/ aNuvratoM ke dvArA sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kI sthApanA kara vIratA ke pratIka kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM kA kAyAkalpa kara una yuddhavIroM ko karmavIra, dharmavIra, dAnavIra aura dayAvIra banA diyaa| yaha kevala dharmAMtaraNa na hokara, sAMskRtika parivartana kI prakriyA thii| isa sAMskRtika parivartana kI prakriyA meM osavaMza kA udbhava aura vikAsa huaa| isa dRSTi se osavaMza ko jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kI prayogazAlA kahA jA sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne kalAkAroM kI taraha jina manuSyoM ko binA tUlI aura chenI ke racA aura gar3hA, usase naye samAja kI, nayI saMskRti kI racanA huii| jainAcAryoM ne osavaMza ko jo dAyitva sauMpA, use osavAla jAti ne bar3I bakhUbI se nibhaayaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke jaina sAhitya, jaina graMthAgAroM, jaina tIrthoM aura jaina zikSaNa saMsthAoM Adi ke dvArA osavaMza ke pratiSThita nararatnoM aura mahilAoM ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, sampreSaNa aura sRjana meM yoga diyaa| yaha merI mAnyatA hai ki sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kI dRSTi se osavaMzajainamata kA pratirUpa hI nahIM ,kintu sAra, nicaur3a aura Adarza pratIkAtmaka rUpa hai| osavaMza ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke prathamakhaNDako 'jainamata aura osavaMza' ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue mujhe atyadhika prasannatA ho rahI hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki samasta bikharI sAmagrI ko anusaMdhAnaparaka prabandhAtmaka dRSTi se isameM sameTane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| isa maulika zodhaprabandha meM jina vidvajanoM kI kRtiyoM ke vicAroM aura niSkarSoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, unakA maiM upakRta hai| isameM vidvAnoM ke prastuta tathyoM kI vyAkhyA aura vizleSaNa hI nahIM , vyavasthita aura maulika prastutIkaraNa bhI hai| ___ aMta meM maiM apane agraja lor3hA kulabhUSaNa caMcalamala jI ke prati puna: AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinakI preraNA, protsAhana aura AzIrvAda se hI yaha saMbhava ho sakA hai| isa graMtha ke lekhana meM mere kAkAzrI pro. kalyANamalasA lor3hA ne bhI samaya samaya para abhiprerita kara mujha para mahatI kRpA kI hai| sI 7, bhAgIratha kAlonI, caumU hAusa, sI-skIma, jayapura- 302001 dUrabhASa: 0141/362334 mahAvIra mala lor3hA For Private and Personal Use Only

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prathama adhyAya pIThikA : osavaMza ke pahale bhAratIya jana AdamI kA udbhava sabase pahale kahA~ huA, yaha manoraMjaka aura vivAdAspada prazna hai| koI ise sIriyA meM, koI pazcima eziyA meM, koI madhya eziyA meM, koI barmA, koI aphrIkA, koI uttarI dhruva aura aneka bhAratIya vidvAna prathama manuSya kA janma bhArata meM mAnate haiN| 'aphrIkA ke pakSa meM eka dalIla dI jAtI hai ki vahA~ ciMpAMjI aura gorillA bandara bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiN| isake sivAya aphrIkA meM bahuta sI haDDiyA~ pAI gaI haiM, jinake bAre meM yaha anumAna hai ki ve Adi mAnava kI haDDiyA~ hoNgii|'' 'bhAratIya itihAsa kAMgresa' ke gvAliyara vAle adhivezana (1952 I.) meM sabhApati pada se bhASaNa dete hue DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne kahA ki Adi manuSya paMjAba aura zivAlika kI U~cI bhUmi para vikasita huA hogA, isa bAta ke pramANa milate haiN| mukharjI mahodaya kA mata yaha dIkhatA hai ki manuSya bhArata meM hI utpanna huA thA aura isI deza meM usakI sabhyatA bhI vikasita huii| paMjAba meM himAlaya ke pAsa manuSya kA Adi janma, phira siMdhu kI tarAI meM kRSi sabhyatA kA vikAsa aura siMdhu ke paThAra meM bhArata kI prAcInatama sabhyatA kA avazeSa pAyA jAnA, ye sArI bAteM eka dUsare ko puSTa karane vAlI hai aura ajaba nahIM ki adhyayana aura khoja karane para mukharjI mahodaya kA anumAna hI satya pramANita ho|' ina vivAdoM ke bIca yaha to nizcita hai ki bhArata meM jo bhI loga maujUda haiM, unake pUrvaja isa deza meM anya dezoM se Aye aura anya dezoM se Akara hI unhoMne Apasa meM mizrita hokara isa deza meM janasamUha kI racanA kI, jise hama bhAratIya janatA kahate haiN| aura bhArata kI miTTI para anantakAla se, kitanI vibhinna jAtiyA~, kitane prakAra ke logoM kA samAgama hotA rahA hai, vaha kissA bhI kAphI majedAra hai| agara IsAiyoM aura musalamAnoM ko chor3a deM, taba bhI isa deza meM eka ke bAda eka, kama se kama gyAraha jAtiyoM ke Agamana aura samAgama kA pramANa milatA hai, jinhoMne isa deza ko apanA deza mAna liyA aura jinakA eka eka sadasya yahA~ kI saMskRti aura samAja meM paca khapa kara Arya athavA hindU ho gyaa| nIgro, AsTrika, dravir3a, Arya, yUnAnI, yUcI, zaka, AbhIra, hUNa, maMgola aura muslima AkramaNa ke pUrva turka, ina sabhI jAtiyoM ke loga kaI jhuNDoM meM isa deza meM Aye aura hindU samAja meM dAkhila hokara sabake saba usake aMga ho gye| asala meM hama jise hindU saMskRti kahate haiM, vaha kisI eka jAti kI dena nahIM, balki ina sabhI jAtiyoM kI saMskRtiyoM ke mizraNa kA pariNAma hai|' 1. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 27 2. vahI, pR. 27 3. vahI, pR. 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) nasla vijJAna : bhArata meM vividha prajAtiyAM samAja ke kucha logoM ke rUparaMga, vezabhUSA, rahana sahana, bhAva vicAra aura jIvana viSayaka dRSTikoNa meM kucha anivArya rUpa se ekatA pAI jAtI hai| eka nasla ke logoM kA dUsarI nasla ke logoM ko alaga karanA muzkila kAma hai| mUla nasloM kI pahacAna bhASA aura zarIra kI gaThana ko dekhakara kI jAtI hai|' bhASAvijJAna ke AdhAra para manuSya kI pahacAna sarala kArya hai, kintu rUparaMga aura zarIra ke DhA~ce ko dekhakara manuSya ke mUla khAnadAna kA patA lagAnA utanA AsAna nahIM hai, kyoMki jalavAyu ke prabhAva aura vivAhAdi ke dvArA rakta ke mizraNa ke kAraNa isa kSetra meM bar3I bar3I ulajhaneM paidA ho jAtI hai| phira bhI janavijJAna (Anthropology) ne jo kasauTiyA~ banAI hai, una para AdamI kI nasla kI pahacAna, bahuta dUra taka sahI sahI kara lI jAtI hai|' nasla kI pahacAna-raMga, khopar3I kI lambAI, caur3AI, nAka kI U~cAI, caur3AI, khar3A yA cipaTA honA, AdamI kA kada, DIla-Daula, mu~ha yA jabar3e kA bar3A yA na bar3A honA Adi se ho sakatI hai| dinakara ke anusAra janavijJAna ne saMsAra kI sabhI jAtiyoM ko mukhyata: tIna nasloM meM bA~Ta rakhA hai| pahalI nasla ke loga, gore logoM kI hai, jinheM hama kAkeziyana kahate haiM, dUsarI nasla ke loga jinakA raMga pIlA hotA hai aura jo maMgola jAti ke haiM tathA tIsarI nasla una logoM kI hai, jinakA raMga kAlA hai aura jo ithopiyana parivAra ke haiN| bhAratIya janatA meM ina tIna raMgoM ke pratinidhi maujUda haiM aura raMgoM kI dRSTi se bhAratIya mAnavatA vizva mAnavatAkA adbhuta pratIka mAnI jA sakatI hai| dUsare mata se bhArata meM cAra prakAra ke loga milate haiN|' 1. eka taraha ke loga ve haiM, jinakA kada choTA, raMga kAlA, nAka caur3I aura bAla dhuMgharAle hote haiM / ye AdivAsI haiN| 2. eka dUsarI taraha ke loga haiM, jinakA kada choTA, raMga kAlA, mastaka lambA, sira ke bAla ghane aura nAka khar3I aura caur3I hotI hai| ye dravir3a jAti ke loga haiN| ___ 3. tIsarI jAti ke logoM kA kada lambA, varNa gehuA~ yA gorA, dAr3hI mUMcha ghanI, mastaka lambA tathA nAka patalI aura nukIlI hotI hai| ye Arya jAti ke loga haiN| 4. eka cauthe prakAra ke loga barmA, asama, bhUTAna aura nepAla tathA uttara pradeza, paMjAba, uttarI baMgAla aura kAzmIra ke uttarI kinAre para pAye jAte haiN| inakA mastaka caur3A, raMga 1. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 29 2. vahI, pR. 29 3. vahI, pR. 29 4. vahI, pR. 29 5. vahI, pR. 29-30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAlA-pIlA, AkRti cipaTI tathA nAka caur3I aura pasarI haI hotI hai| inake cehare para dADhI ma~cha bhI kama ugatI hai| ye maMgola jAti ke loga haiN| isa prakAra atyanta prAcIna kAla meM Arya, dravir3a, AdivAsI aura maMgola ina cAra jAtiyoM se bhAratIya janatA kI racanA huii| hama jinheM AdivAsI kahate haiM, unake bIca nIgro aura AsTrika nAmaka una jAtiyoM ke loga zAmila haiM, jo drAvir3a jAtiyoM se pUrva isa deza meM AI thii| isI prakAra maMgola jAti vAloM kA bhI prAcIna nAma kirAta hai|'' DaoN. sunIti kumAra caTarjI ne bhI mAnA hai ki maMgola jAti ke loga AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva bhArata meM basa cuke the, kyoMki kirAta nAma AryoM ke prArambhika sAhitya meM hI milane lagatA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI isa deza meM cAra bhASA parivAra haiN| 1. maMgola jAti ke logoM kI bhASA tibbatI cInI parivAra kI bhASA hai| 2. dravir3a parivAra kI bhASA tamila, malayAlama, kannar3a aura telagu hai| 3. hindI, urdU, baMgalA, marAThI, gujarAtI, ur3iyA, paMjAbI, asamI, gorakhAlI aura kazmIrI Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAe~ haiN| 4. AdivAsiyoM kI bhASAeM AsTrika aura Agneya bhASA samUha kI bhASAeM hai| DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI ne likhA hai ki bhAratIya janatA kI racanA jina logoM ko lekara huI hai, ve mukhyata: tIna bhASAoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiM - arthAt AsTrika athavA Agneya, drAvir3a aura hinda yoropIya (hinda jrmn)| zrI jayacaMdra ne eka sUkti kahI hai "bhAratavarSa kI janatA mukhyata: Arya aura dravir3a nasloM kI banI huI hai, usameM thor3I sI chauMka zabara aura kirAta (muNDa aura tibbata barmI) kI hai|" isa prakAra rakta, bhASA aura saMskRti sabhI dRSTiyoM se bhArata kI janatA aneka mizraNoM se yukta hai| nIgro jAti ke bAda Agneya, Agneya ke bAda dravir3a aura dravir3a ke bAda Arya isa deza meM sAMskRtika samanvaya kA kArya zurU hotA hai| vastuta: zaivazAkta, vaiSNava, jaina aura bauddha, ye Arya bhI the aura dravir3a bhii| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM kaI vidvAna bhI dUra para ve eka hI khAnadAna kA mAnate haiN| zrI bI.esa. guhA kI choTI sI pustaka "resa aphIniTIja oNpha da pIpalsa oNpha iNDiyA' kI samIkSA karate hue kahA ki sara Arthara kItha ne san 1936 meM likhA ki sImAprAnta ke paThAnoM aura trAvaNakora kI vanya jAtiyoM ko milAne vAlA setu abhI bhI maujUda hai| lekina sabhI vidvAna yahI kahate jArahe haiM ki bhArata meM prajAtigata jo vibhinnatAe~ haiM, ve isI kAraNa hai ki bhArata ke sabhI loga bAhara se Ae haiM, yaha dekhane kI kisI ne koziza hI nahIM kI ki bhArata kI ve jAtiyA~ kauna kauna haiM, jinakA udbhava aura vikAsa bhArata meM huaa| 1. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 30 2. vahI, pR. 32 3. vahI, pR. 32 4. vahI, pR.43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jUliyana haksale ko kahanA par3A ki prajAtivAda kA siddhAnta jhUThA bhI hai aura khataranAka bhii| vastuta: Arya zabda prajAtivAcaka hai, jabaki dravir3azabda prajAtivAcaka na hokara sthAnavAcaka hai| manu ne dravir3a zabda kA prayoga una logoM ke liye kiyA, jo dravir3a deza meM basate the| ___DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA aura DaoN. rAjendrazarmA ke anusAra "bhArata itanA vizAla deza hai ki isako choTA moTA mahAdvIpa kahanA bhI anucita nahIM hogaa| isa vizAla bhUkhaNDa meM lagabhaga 50,00,000 varSa pUrva ke manuSya ke cihna prakaTa hue haiN| hajAroM varSoM se yahA~ para bAhara se prajAtiyA~ AtI rhii| ata: bhAratavAsiyoM meM aneka prakAra kI prajAtiyoM ke zArIrika lakSaNa pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra se yaha prajAtiyoM kA ajAyabaghara hI hai|''2 inhoMne bhAratIya janatA meM nIgriTo, proToAsTrelAyaDa, bhUmadhyasAgarIya prajAti, pizAca Adi darada bhASA parivAra kI tIna prajAtiyA~- alpAina, dInArika, ArmIniyana aura nArdika, aura maMgola prajAti mAnI hai| isameM nIgriTo aphrIkA aura prazAMta mahAsAgara meM basI nIgrAyaDa (Negroid) prajAti kI eka nasla hai| DA. haTTana aura bI.esa. guhA ke anusAra nIgriTo bhArata kI sabase prAcIna prajAti hai| proTo AsTrelAyaDa (Proto Australoid) nIgriTo ke bAda bhArata meM Ane vAlI dUsarI prajAti thii| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yahI bhArata kI Adima prajAti hai, kyoMki negriTo prajAti ke avazeSa bhArata meM bahuta kama milate haiN| bhUmadhyasAgarIya prajAti bhArata meM AI huI tIsarI prajAti mAnI jAtI hai| inhIM logoM ne sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA sthApita kii| inakI bhASA sambhavata: dravir3a thii| bhUmadhyasAgarIya prajAti ke bAda bhArata meM madhya eziyA kI pAmIra parvatamAlA aura IrAna ke paThAra se IsA se 3000 varSa pUrva eka navIna prajAti aaii| ye loga pizAca athavA darada bhASA parivAra kI Arya bhASA bolate the| inameM alpAina prajAti gujarAta meM, dInArika prajAti baMgAla, ur3IsA, kAThiyAvAr3a, kannar3a aura tamilapradeza meM aura ArmIniyana prajAti bambaI ke parasiyoM ke rUpa meM milate haiN| iNDo Aryana kI eka bar3I prajAti nArdika 1500 I pUrva ke lagabhaga bhArata meM Ae aura inhoMne bhArata kI prAcIna sabhyatA kA nirmANa kiyaa| meksamUlara ke anusAra nArdika prajAti bhArata meM madhya eziyAse, tilaka ke anusAra uttarI dhruva se aura gAilsa ke anusAra yUropa se aae| bhArata kI chaThI prajAti maMgola hai| ye asama meM aura barmA meM adhika pAye jAte haiN| inakA udgama irAvatI nadI kI UparIghATI, cIna, tibbata aura maMgoliyA meM mAnA gayA hai| ina prajAtiyoM ke zArIrika lakSaNa ora raMgoM meM bhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| DI.ena. majUmadAra ke anusAra negriTo kA sira U~cA, khar3A mAthA (Vertical Head), choTA aura caur3A mu~ha, moTe oTha, taMga kaMdhe, UMcA kaTipradeza, choTI TAMge, lambI bhujAe~, dAr3hI aura zarIra para kama bAla haiN| inake vayaska puruSoM kA kada 150 se.mI. hotA hai| inakI tvacA kA raMga maTiyAlA, pIlA, bAla kAle aura dhuMgharAle hote haiN| inake lakSaNa bhAratIya samudra ke taTavartI pradezoM meM pAye jAte haiN|' 1. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 43 2. DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA aura DaoN. rAjendra zarmA, bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAyeM aura saMskRti, pR. 15 3. vahI, pR. 15-16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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proTo AsTrelAyaDa ke dIrgha kapAla, choTA kada, dhuMgharAle bAla, cAkaleTI raMga kI tvacA, dhaMsI huI tathA caur3I nAka, moTe oTha tathA Age bar3hI huI jabar3e kI haDDiyA~ hotI hai| inakA ausata kada 162 se.mI. hotA hai| inake bAla kAle aura kama tathA mu~ha tathA dUra-dUra taka uge hue hote haiN| inakI AMkheM kucha kAlI bhUrI hotI haiN| mukhya rUpa se viMdhya pradeza, dakSiNI bhArata aura madhya bhArata meM milate haiN| bhUmadhyasAgarIya prajAti lambe sira vAlI thii| inakA sira lambA, kada choTA, ausata U~cAI 166 se.mI., ceharA taMga, ThoDI nokadAra, kucha sIdhI bIca meM uThI huI, mur3I huI sire vAlI nAka, caur3A mu~ha, patale aura jhillIdAra hoTha, caur3A kaTipradeza, laharadAra tathA halke bhUre raMga ke bAla, halkI bhUrI tvacA tathA kAlI AMkheM hotI hai| AryoM meM alpAina kA ausata kada 160 se.mI., kaMdhA caur3A, chAtI gaharI, TAMge lambI tathA caur3I, hAtha caur3e, uMgaliyAM choTI tathA pAMva choTe aura caur3e hote haiN| inakI striyoM kA kaTipradeza yUropIya prajAtiyoM kI apekSA patalA hotA hai| inakA sira caur3A, inake sira kA AkAra gola, mAthA U~cA, ceharA gola tathA caur3A, nAka mAMsala, choTI aura capaTI hotI hai| inakI tvacA kA raMga pIlA, bAloM kA caisTanara tathA A~khoM kA haijala bhUrA hotA hai|' dInArika (Dinaric) prajAti baMgAla, ur3IsA, kAThiyAvAr3a, kannar3a aura tamila pradeza meM milatI hai| U~cA zikhara vAlA sira, DhAlU mAthA, sira kA pichalA bhAga capaTA, caur3A sara, zIrSa dezanA 83 seM.mI. se adhika, lambA taMga ceharA, uThI huI tathA unnata nAsikA, Age nikalI huI Thor3I, U~cA kada, ausata U~cAI 170 se.mI.,zarIra kA gaThana aura zarIra kA DhA~cA bhArI, lambI TAMge, moTI gardana, nArdika logoM se adhika caur3e hoMTha, jaitUna ke raMga vAlI kAlI tvacA, halke bhUre raMga kI A~khe, kAle bhUre laharadAra tathA zarIra tathA cehare para ugane vAle bAla inakI zArIrika vizeSatAe~ thii| ArmIniyana prajAti ke loga mukhya rUpa se bambaI ke pArasiyoM meM milate haiN|' nArdika prajAti ke loga bhI iNDo Aryana kI eka zAkhA hai| ye pahale siMdhu aura yamunA ke kinAre base aura bAda meM sampUrNa bhArata meM basa gye| lambA sira, U~cI patalI nAka, patale hoMTha, U~cA ikaharA zarIra, lambA ceharA, sunahare dhuMgharAle bAla aura U~cAI 172 se.mI. ke atirikta anya vizeSatAe~ lambI TA~geM, gulAbI AbhA liye aura gauravarNa tvacA tathA nIlI aura halkI bhUrI A~kheM haiN| 1. DA. zarmA aura DA. zarmA, bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAeM aura saMskRti, pR. 17 2. vahIM, pR. 17 3. vahI, pR. 17-18 4. vahI, pR. 18 5. vahI, pR. 18 6. vahI, pR. 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMgola prajAti ke loga bhArata meM asama aura barmA meM adhika pAye jAte haiN| pIlI yA bhUrI raMga kI tvacA, khar3e yA bahuta kama dazAoM meM laharadAra bAla, caur3A capaTA ceharA, ubharI huI haDDiyoM vAle gAla, choTI aura capaTI nAka, choTA kada, ausata 165 se.mI. se bhI kama U~cAI, choTI TA~geM, lambA dhar3a, caur3e kaMdhe, caur3A sira, zIrSa dezanA 80 se Upara, sIdhA mAthA, moTe hoMTha, gola ThoDI, kAle bhUre raMga kI AMkheM, cehare aura zarIra para kama bAla inakI zArIrika vizeSatAe~ mAnI gaI haiN| inameM se osavaMza ko kisI bhI zuddha rUpa meM pAne kI AzA karanA vyartha hai, kyoMki bhArata meM anekAneka prajAtiyAM AI aura paraspara mizrita ho gii| 'nabbe karor3a se adhika manuSyoM ke isa deza kI prajAtiyoM kI sahI sahI gaNanA karanA asambhava nahIM, to kaThina avazya hai|' yahI kahA jAtA hai ki osavaMza AryoM kI santAna hai, kintu mizraNa se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| DI.ena.e. parIkSaNa se kucha sImA taka osavAla jAti kI prajAti kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2) bhArata meM varNa vyavasthA isa deza meM do hI jAtiyAM pramukha rahI- Arya aura dravir3a / ina donoM jAtiyoM ke pArasparika mizraNa kI prakriyA bahuta pahale se sampanna ho cukI thii| paNDitoM meM isa bAta ko lekara matabheda hai ki arya mUlata: bhAratavAsI the yA bAhara se Ae the, vaise hI yaha bAta bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahI jA sakatI ki dravir3a isa deza ke mUla nivAsI haiM athavA isa deza meM ve kisI aura deza se Aye haiN| Arya aura dravir3a donoM prakAra ke loga isa deza meM ananta kAla se pahale Aye haiM aura hamAre prAcInatama sAhitya meM koI pramANa nahIM milatA ki ye donoM jAtiyAM bAhara se AI tathA donoM ke bIca lar3AIyA~ bhI huI thii| Arya aura dravir3a nAma se abhihita kiye jAne vAle bhAratavAsiyoM kA dharma eka hai, saMskAra eka haiM, bhAva aura vicAra eka haiM aura jIvana ke viSaya meM unakA dRSTikoNa bhI eka hI hai| zaiva, zAkta, vaiSNava, jaina aura bauddha, ye Arya bhI the aura dravir3a bhii| ina donoM prajAtiyoM meM AryoM ke sAtha saMskRta bhASA deza meM AryoM ke sAtha AI aura utkRSTa saMskRti, sAhitya aura sabhyatA ke kAraNa Arya vizva ke itihAsa meM prakhyAta haiN| anveSakoM kA mata hai ki Arya jAti kI eka zAkhA ne bhAratavarSa meM praveza karake eka naye samAja kI sthApanA kii| eka mata ke anusAra Arya madhya eziyA ke rahane vAle the, tilaka kA mata thA ki Arya logoM kA Adi deza uttarI dhruva thA aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki saptasiMdhava deza (siMdhu nadI se sarasvatI nadI taka) hI AryoM kA Adi deza thaa| prasiddha bhASAvid DaoN. 1. DaoN. zarmA aura DaoN. zarmA, bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAeM aura saMskRti, pR. 19 2. vahI, pR. 19 3. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 34-35 4. vahI, pR. 35 5. DA. sampUrNAnaMda, AryoM kA Adi deza, pR. 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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7 sunIti kumAra caTarjI kA mata hai ki Arya bhArata meM hI svayaMbhUta hue the, vicAraNIya hI nahIM hai / ' AryoM ne isa deza meM Akara vedoM kI racanA kI / brAhmaNavAdI vicAradhArAeM vedoM ko apauruSeya mAnatI hai, kintu pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke mata se inake nirmANa kA kAla IsA se do hajAra varSa pUrva ke lagabhaga hai | 2 saptasiMdhava deza kI sAta nadiyoM ke nAma the- sindhu, vipAzA (vyAsa), zatadru, (satalaja), vitastA (jhelama), asikrI ( canAva), paruNNI (rAvI) aura sarasvatI / sarasvatI ke pAsa hI dRSadvatI thii| manusmRti meM kahA hai - sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI deva nadiyAM hai, inake bIca deva nirmita brahmAvarta deza hai / " vaidika Arya bhArata ke jisa bhAga se paricita the, vaha bhAga vibhinna jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita thA aura pratyeka jAti kA eka zAsaka rAjA thaa| Rgveda meM dasa rAjAoM ke yuddha kA varNana hai, inameM pAMca ullekhanIya haiM- aNu, dradhyu, turvaka, yadu tathA puru / ' inameM puru eka zaktizAlI rAjA the| aise pramANa milate haiM, jo puruoM ko ikSvAku siddha karate haiM / zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra purukutsa ikSvAku thA / ' zatapatha brAhmaNa meM inheM asura rAkSasa batAyA hai / " I Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Rgveda kI kucha RcAoM meM paNiyoM kA citraNa milatA hai| saMskRta ke zabda paNika yA vaNika, paNya aura vipaNi se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paNi loga RgvedakAlIna vyApArI the / paNi vaidika AryoM ke devoM ko nahIM pUjate the / " Rgveda kI aneka RcAoM meM dasyu zabda kA prayoga huA hai| dasyu yajJa nahIM karate the| Rgveda meM inheM akarmA (kriyA na karane vAlA) adevayu (devatAoM kA apakSapAtI), abrAhmaNa, ayajvAna (yajJa na karane vAlA), avrata (vratarahita), anyavrata ( atirikta vratoM kA dhAraNa karane vAlA), devapIyu (devatAoM kI nindA karane vAle) kahA gayA hai / " ko anAsa (binA mukha kiyA yA nAkarahita capaTI nAka vAlA), samajhane yogyavANI) vAlA kahA gayA / " 1. DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI, bhAratIya Arya bhASA aura hindI, pR. 20 2. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 3 3. manusmRti, 2/7 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 14-15 5. zatapatha brAhmaNa- 8, 5/4/3 6. vahI 6, 8/1/14 7. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 16 bAda ke sAhitya meM eka susaMskRta dAnava jAti ke aneka ullekha pAe jAte haiM, jo asura kahalAtI thI / mahAbhArata meM asuroM kA varNana eka susaMskRta dAnava jAti ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| pANDava kaurava yuddha ke samaya ina asuroM ke hAtha meM magadha aura rAjapUtAnA thA / 8. Vedic Index 1, 471-72 9. Rgveda 10/12/8 For Private and Personal Use Only mRdhuvAca: (na

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mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa aura purANoM meM AMdhro, puriMdro aura zabaroM ko dakSiNa bhArata kI jAtiyA~ batalAyA hai| puNDra loga baMgAla ke uttara bhAga meM rahate the| AryoM ke Ane ke pazcAt bahuta sI prAcIna jAtiyA~ to lupta ho gaI yA anya jAtiyoM meM mila gaI, athavA apanA prAdhAnya kho baiThI aura aneka jAtiyA~ prakAza meM aaii| paMjAba kI pAMca jAtiyAM- puru, anu, drayu, yadu aura turvaza pIche calI gii| atharveda meM 'mAgadha' nAma kI jAti kA ullekha milatA hai| atharvaveda meM mAgadhoM ko vrAtyoM se sambaddha batalAyA hai| videzI vijJAna jimmara (Zimmer) ne atharvaveda aura yajurveda meM ullikhita mAgadhoM ko vaizya aura kSatriya ke mela se utpanna eka mizrita jAti batAyA hai| 'vaidika iNDeksa' meM magadha gaMdharvo kA deza thA, isaliye mAgadhoM ko gaMdharva batalAyA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki mAgadhoM kA pUrNa rUpa se brAhmaNIkaraNa na ho skaa| ___ Arambha meM vaidika AryoM meM jAtibheda nahIM thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paurohitya Adi zAsana kA kAma saMyukta thaa| satat yuddhoM ne vaidika AryoM ko vivaza kiyA ki apane apane vyavasAya ke anusAra ve apane ko vibhinna samudAyoM meM vibhAjita krte| dhIre dhIre yauddhA logoM kA sthAna unnata hotA gayA aura ve kSatriya khlaae| Rgveda ke aMtima puruSasUkta meM rAjanya, brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUrda cAra varNoM kA nirdeza hai| jimmara (Zirnmar) mAnatA hai ki Rgveda kI jAtihIna paramparA jo yajurveda kI jAtigata paramparA ke rUpa meM parivartana huA, isakA sambandha vaidika AryoM ke pUraba kI ora bar3hane se hai| vizvAmitra aura kaNDva ko kSatriya mAnA hai aura vizvAmitra, jamadAgni, bhAradvAja, gautama, atri, vaziSTa, kAzyapa aura agastya brAhmaNoM ke pUrva purUSa haiN| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki AMgirasa, kAzyapa, vaziSTa aura bhRgu se prAcInatama purAhitoM kI paramparA calI hai| upaniSadoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kSatriyoM ke pAsa sarvocca vidyAthI aura brAhmaNa unake pAsa jAte the| kSatriya varga dArzanika carcAoM meM khUba rasa lete the| ve jJAna ke mAtra rakSaNakartA hI nahIM, svayaM jJAnI aura brAhmaNa taka unake ziSya the| pro hopakiMsa ne mAnA hai ki bhArata kI dhArmika krAMti ke adhyayana meM vidvAna loga apanA sArA dhyAna Arya jAti kI ora lagAdete haiM aura bhArata ke samasta itihAsa meM dravir3oM ne jo bhAga liyA hai, usakI upekSA kara dete haiM, ve mahatva ke tathyoM taka pahu~cane se raha jAte haiN|' 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 21 2. vahI, pR. 27 3. atharvaveda, 5-12-14 4.jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 29 5. Vedic Index 2, 936 6. Vedic Age (Indian History Association) Page 430 7. Prof. Hopkins, Religions of India, Page 4-5 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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DA. bhaNDArakara kI mAnyatA hai ki bhArata meM jAtiyoM kA mizraNa hotA AyA hai| ina jAtiyoM ke apane devatA hote the| AryoM ke hAtha meM bhArata kA adhikAra Ane se pUrva kucha jAtiyA~ liMga kI upAsanA karatI thii| liMga pUjA ko AryoM ne svIkAra kara liyA thaa| Arya zabda kI vyutpatti RdhAtu se batAI gaI hai, jisakA artha gati hotA hai| Arya kadAcita gatvara (ghumakkar3a) loga the| AryoM ne sabase pahale 'Rgveda' kI racanA kii| Rgveda' AryoM kA hI nahIM, vizva kA prAcInatama graMtha hai| koI ise pacahattara hajAra varSa purAnA mAnatA hai, to koI IsA se 15000 varSa pUrva kI cIja mAnate haiN| meksamUlara Rgveda kI racanA IsA se 12001000 varSa pUrva, viMTaranija ke anusAra 2300 varSa pUrva aura jaikobI ke anusAra IsA ke 6500 varSa pUrva kA mAnA hai| prAcIna kAla meM dhaMdhoM ke AdhAra para samAja ko vibhakta karane kA kaI dezoM meM rivAja thaa| IrAnI samAja meM cAra jAtiyA~ thii| pArasiyoM ke avestA meM cAra jAtiyA~ yA vargoM kA vidhAna thA - ___ 1. adhravana (brAhmaNa) 2. rathaistAeM (kSatriya) 3. vAsayoSa (vaizva) 4. hutoza (shuudr)| bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNa zabda kA ullekha pahale aura jAti zabda bahuta bAda meM milatA hai| maMgaladeva zAstrI ne mAnA hai ki hameM vaidika saMhitAoM meM jAti zabda nahIM milA hai| isI se yaha anumAna lagAyA gayA ki varNabheda kI utpatti raMgabheda ke kAraNa huI hogii| brAhmaNoM kA varNa zveta, kSatriyoM kA lAla, vaizyoM kA pIta aura zUdroM kA zyAma varNa hotA hai, yaha bAta mahAbhArata meM kahI gaI hai| 'nirukta' meM zrI yAskAcArya ne varNa zabda kI utpatti varaNa athavA cunAva karane vAlI vR (vRta varaNe) dhAtu se kI hai| isa prakAra varNa vaha hai, jisako vyakti apane karma aura svabhAva ke anusAra cunatA hai| paramparAgata siddhAnta kI dRSTi se 'puruSasUkta' ke anusAra vizvapuruSa meM brAhmaNa mukha, kSatriya bAhu, vaizya jaMghA aura zUdra kA sthAna pairoM ko prApta hai| isa prakAra ye cAroM varNa vizvapuruSa ke pratIkAtmaka aMga hai| mukharUpI brAhmaNa kA kArya vidyAdAna hai| bAhurupI kSatriya kA kArya samAja kI rakSA karanA hai| jA~gha ke pratIka se vaizya varga kA kArya vyApAra aura vaNikatA hai| paira hone ke kAraNa zUdroM kA pramukha kArya anya tInoM vargoM kI sevA hai| Rgveda ke 'puruSa sUkta' ke anusAra prajApati dvArA jisa samaya puruSa vibhakta hue to usako kitane bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA, inake mukha, bAhu, kara aura caraNakahe jAte haiN| brAhmaNa isa puruSa ke mukha se, kSatriya jAti bhujA se, vaizya jAti urU se aura zUdra jAti donoM caraNoM se 1. bhAratIya saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 utpanna huii| yatpuruSa vyadadhuH katidhA vyakalpayan / mukha kimasya ko bAhu kAvurU pAdo uccate / brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIdvAha rAjanya kRtaH / urU tadasya yadvaizya: padamoM zUdro'jAyata / ' bhRgu RSi ne mAnA ki varNa kA siddhAnta kevala tvacA ke raMga para AdhArita na hokara karma aura guNa para AdhArita hai| jo loga bhoga, krodha, kaThoratA, vIratA Adi ke yukta the, ve rajopadhAna athavA lohita guNa ke kSatriya khlaaye| isI taraha jo loga khetIbAr3I aura pazupAlana Adi meM ruci lete the, pItaguNa pradhAna vaizya varNa khlaaye| jo loga asatyavAdI, lobhI, lAlacI aura hiMsaka tathA isa prakAra zyAmavarNa vAle vyakti the, ve zUdra khlaaye| paramparAgata siddhAnta, raMgasiddhAnta ke atirikta prAcIna sAhitya meM karma aura dharma kA siddhAnta bhI pratipAdita thaa| vaidika yuga meM varNoM kI vyavasthA samAja kI AvazyakatAe~ thIpaThanapAThana, dhArmika aura bauddhika kAryoM kI pUrti 2. rAjya vyavasthA kA saMcAlana tathA samAja kI vyavasthA 3. Arthika kriyAoM kI pUrti, 4. sevaa| ina cAra AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie kramaza: brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra varNoM kI utpatti huii|' yaha karma dharma se jur3A thaa| mahAbhArata kAla meM vargoM kI utpatti jAti ke guNoM ke AdhAra para mAnI gaI hai| satoguNa pradhAna vyakti brAhmaNa, rajoyuga pradhAna kSatriyaya aura tamoguNa pradhAna vyakti zUdra kahalAtA hai| ina cAroM siddhAntoM ke viruddha zrI bI.ke. caTTopAdhyAya ne janma ko varNa kA kAraNa btaayaa| janma ke kAraNa hI kSatriya kA karma karate hue bhI droNAcArya brAhmaNa khlaaye| janma ke kAraNa hI krUra azvatthAmA apanI krUratA ke bAvajUda brAhmaNa khlaayaa| satoguNI dharmarAja yudhiSThira guNoM se brAhmaNa hote hue bhI kSatriya khlaaye| pA~coM pANDavoM ke svabhAva meM bhArI antara hote hue bhI ve sabhI kSatriya khlaaye| isameM varNa siddhAnta prajAtIya aMtara para AdhArita hai, karma kA siddhAnta vyakti ke svabhAva kI ora saMketa karatA hai| prArambha meM varNa karmaNA thI, janmanA nhiiN| pururuvA kSatriya rAjA thaa| gAdhi unhIM ke vaMza meM janme the| kintu gAdhi kI kanyA satyavatI se parazurAma ke pitAmaha RcIka ne vivAha kiyA thaa| isa prakAra gAdhi ke putra vizvAmitra kSatriya aura jAmAtA RcIka brAhmaNa kahe gaye haiN| kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa kI mAtA dhIvara jAti kI thI, kintu vyAsa kSatriya aura brAhmaNa sabake pUjanIya the|' 1. Rgveda meM 10 sU. 9, 10/3/12 2. bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAyeM aura saMskRti, pR 30 3. vahI, pR.30 4. vahI, pR31 5. vahI, pR31 6.saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, 175 7. vahI, pR76 For Private and Personal Use Only

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11 mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM kahA gayA hai, yudhiSThira ! phira paramAtmA kRSNa ne mukha se sau brAhmaNa, bAhuoM se sau kSatriya aura uruoM se sau vaizya aura caraNoM se sau zUdroM kI sRSTi kI - tata: kRSNe mahAbhAga: punareva yudhiSThira / brAhmaNAnAM zataM zreSTha mukhA devA sRjat prabhuH // bAhumyAM kSatriya zata: vaizyAnAmUrutaH zatam // padmayAM zUdra zataJcaiva ke zavo bharatarSama / bhAratIya samAja meM karmaNA varNa vyavasthA dhIre dhIre janmanA ho gaI aura isI varNa vyavasthA ne dhIre dhIre jAti vyavasthA kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyaa| (3) bhArata meM jAti vyavasthA bhAratIya samAja meM karmaNA varNa vyavasthA hI kAlAntara meM janmanA hokara jAti vyavasthA meM pariNata ho gii| jAti kyA hai, yaha vivAdAspada hai| prArambha meM jAti kA nirNaya loga karma se karate the, phira isakA nirNaya janma se karane lge| aMgrejI ke Caste ko purtagAlI bhASA se liyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai utpanna krnaa|' jAti zabda jan dhAtu se "ktina' pratyaya karane se banatA hai| yadyapi jAti eka prakAra kA chanda, mAlatI veda kI zAkhA Adi kaI arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| vyAkaraNa ke mata se kisI zabda ke pratipAdya artha ko jAti kahate haiM, vaiyAkaraNa cAra prakAra ke zabda batalAte haiM, unameM hI jAtivAcaka eka prakAra kA hai, vyAkaraNa meM jAti kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai AkRti, grahaNa jAtiliMgAnAcaM na srvbhaak| sakR dArayAta nirmAdyA gotraJca caraNai saha / / jisa AkRti ke dvArA koI pahacAnA jAya, usako arthAt AkRti ko jAti kahate gautamasUtra ke anusAra - samAnaH samAnakArakaH prasavo buddhi jananamAtma svarUpaM yasyAH arthAt jisa padArtha se samAnatA kA bodha hotA hai, usI kA nAma jAti hai| vAtsyAyana kA mata hai ki eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se pRthaka hai, isa bheda ko mAnakara sAmAnya vizeSa kA nAma jAti hai| bhArata meM jAtiyoM kA udgama kaba huA, yaha vivAdAspada hai| jAtiyoM kA udgama varNa se huA, isaliye varNa vyavasthA ke udgama ko hI hama jAti kA udgama mAna sakate haiN| pazcima ke 1. Emile Senart, Caste in India, Page 1 It was borrowed from Portuguese casta, which signifies properly ___ "breed'. 2. jAti bhAskara, pR. 1 3. vahI pR. 3 4. vahI pR. 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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12 vidvAna jAti kA udgama kevala brAhmaNa graMthoM se mAnate haiN|' Rgveda meM cAroM jAtiyoM ke udbhava kA ullekha hai / prajApati dvArA jisa samaya puruSa vibhakta hue to brAhmaNa jAti isa puruSa ke mukha se, kSatriya jAti bAhu se, vaizya jAti uru se aura zUdra jAti caraNoM se utpanna huii| taitirIya brAhmaNa' ke anusAra yaha saba saMsAra brahmA dvArA sRSTa huA hai| koI Rka se vaizya kI utpatti, yajurveda kSatriya kI yoni arthAt utpatti sthAna hai aura sAmaveda se brAhmaNa varNa kI utpatti kahate haiN| sarva hedaM brahmaNA hedaM sRSTamRgamyo jAtaM vaizyaM varNa mAhaH / yajurveda kSatriyasyAhu yonisAmavedo brAhmaNAnA prsuuti|| 'zatapatha brAhmaNa' meM mAnA gayA ki bhU: zabda uccAraNa karake brahmAjI ne brAhmaNa ko utpanna kiyA, bhuva: zabda kahakara kSatriya ko aura sva: zabda kahakara vaizya ko utpanna kiyaa| yaha samasta vizvamaNDala brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya se paripUrNa hai| harivaMza purANa ke anusAra prajApati ne hI dakSaprajApati hokara aneka prakAra kI prajA utpanna kii| akSara rUpa se saumyaguNa viziSTa brAhmaNa, kSara rUpa se kSatriya, vikAra rUpa se vaizya aura dhUmavikAra se zUdra hue| dakSaH prajApati bhUtvA sRjate vipula: prjaa| . akSarA brAhmaNa: saumyaHkSarAtkSatriyA baandhvaa| vaizyA vikArata zcaiva zUdrA dharmavikArataH / / prAcIna bhArata meM jAti parivartana sambhava thA / garbha se zini, zini se gArgya utpanna hue| yaha gAyegaNa kSatriya se brAhmaNa meM parivartita ho gaye' gArgAcchinistato gArgya: kSatmA dvahma hyaavrtt| 'matsyapurANa ke anusAra zrI urukSaya ke tIna putratryasaruNa, puSkarI aura kapi kSatriya hokara bhI brAhmaNa hue - urUkSaya sutA hyete sarve brAhmaNatAM gataH 'harivaMzapurANa' ke anusAra nAgAbhariSTa ke tIna putra vaizya brAhmaNa bhAva ko prApta hue|' 1. Emile Senart, caste in India, Page XIV 2. jAti bhAskara, pR.7 3. vahI, pR.9 taitirIya brAhmaNa 3/12/9/2 5. jAti bhAskara, pR.9 6. vahI, pR. 11 7. vahI, pR. 12 8. vahI, pR. 15 9. vahI, pR. 16 . For Private and Personal Use Only

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13 nAgAbhariSTa putrau dvau vaizyo brAhmaNata : gatau 'mahAbhArata' ke anusAra yadi koI varNa apanA karma tyAga kara dUsarI jAti ke karma karatA hai, to parajanma yoni meM prApta hotA hai| jo brAhmaNa brAhmaNatva ko prApta karake kSatriya dharma se jIvikA nirvAha karate haiM, ve brAhmaNatva se bhraSTa hokara kSatriya yoni meM janma grahaNa karate haiM aura jo buddhihIna brAhmaNa lobha moha ke kAraNa vaizyakarma grahaNa karatA hai, vaha vaizyatva ko prApta kara parajanma meM vaizyatva hI ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra vaizya zUdra ho jAtA hai| brAhmaNa apane dharma se bhraSTa hotA hotA zUdratva ko prApta hotA hai| yastu brahmatvayutsajya kSAtmaM dharma niSevate / brAhmaNyAtsa paribhraSTaH kSatma yauno prajAyate // vaizyakarma ca yo vipro lobha moha vyapAzrayaH / brAhamaNyaM durlabhaM prApya karotmalcamati sadA / sa dvijo vaizyatameti vaizyA tA zUdratApiyAt / svadharmA pracyuto viprastata: zUdratva mApnute // -mahAbhArata, anuzAsanavarNa isa prakAra prArambha meM jAti yA varNa kA AdhAra karma thA, janma nhiiN| 'mahAbhArata' ke anusAra jisameM vaidika AcAra dekhe jAya, vaha brAhmaNa, jisameM vaha lakSaNa nahIM hai, vaha zUdra hai| 'mahAbhArata' meM mRga uvAca ke anusAra "isa loka meM vargoM meM kucha bhI vizeSatA nahIM, saba saMsAra hI brahmamaya hai, manuSyagaNa prathama brahmAjI dvArA utpanna hokara dhIre dhIre karmoM se vargoM meM vibhakta hue| jina brAhmaNoM meM rajoguNa hokara kAma bhogApriya, krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara tathA sAhasI aura tIkSNa hokara svadharma kA tyAga nahIM kiyA hai, ve kSatriya pana ko prApta hue haiM, jinhoMne raja aura tamoguNa mukta hokara pazupAlana aura kRSi kAAzraya karA liyA, ve vaizyapana ko prApta hue; jo tamoguNa yukta hokara hiMsaka lubdha sarva karmopajIvI mithyAvAdI aura zauca bhraSTa hue, ve dvija zUdratva ko prApta hue| _ 'chAMdogya upaniSada' ke anusAra jAti kA AdhAra karma nahIM, janma hai| yadi karma se hI varNavivibhAga hotA to nirantara zastradhAraNakartA parazurAmajI kSatriyavarNa meM meM gine jAte aura mahAtmA droNAcArya aura kRpAcArya niraMtara yajurveda ke pAraMgata hone se brAhmaNatva se hIna hokara kSatriya ho jaate| _ 'manusmRti' ke anusAra cAroM vargoM meM samAna jAtivAlI akSaya yoni striyoM meM vivAhapUrvaka anulobha vidhi arthAt brAhmaNa se brAhmaNI meM, kSatriya se kSatriyA se jo saMtAna utpanna hotI hai, vaha apane pitA kI jAti kI hotI hai| yAjJavalkya RSi ke anusAra savarNoM kI savarNA 1. jAti bhAskara, pR. 17 2. vahI, pR. 21-22 3. vahI, pR. 25 4. vahI, pR. 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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strI meM vahI jAti utpanna hotI hai, jo usake pitA kI hai| atri muni ke anusAra brAhmaNI meM brAhmaNa se utpanna brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai| brAhmaNa saMskAroM se dvija hotA hai, vidyA se vipra aura tInoM vedoM ke jJAna se zrotriya kahAtA hai| -, janmanA brAhmaNoM kSeyaM saMskAraidvija ucyte| vidyayAyAti vipratvaM zretriya stribhireva c| mahAbhASyakara ke anusAra tapasyA, zAstra aura yoni- yaha tIna brAhmaNa ke kAraka haiN| tapaH zrutaM ca yonizcetyeta dvA braahmnnkaarkm| tapa zrutAmyAM yo hIno jAti brAhmaNa eva sH|| 'manusmRti' ke anusAra sAtavIM brAhmaNa kanyA zUdra ko utpanna karatI hai| isa prakAra sAtavIM pIDhI meM zUdra brAhmaNa aura brAhmaNa zUdra ho jAtA hai| isa jAti vyavasthA kA AdhAra karma na hokara janma thaa| vizvAmitra aura kaNva ko purANoM meM kSatriya kahA hai| Azvalayana zrautra sUtra ke anusAra vizvAmitra, jamadAgni, bhAradvAja, gautama, atri, vaziSTa, kAzyapa aura agastya- ye saba brAhmaNoM ke pUrvapuruSa hai| ina AThoM meM cAra ko brAhmaNa gautroM kA mUla mAnA jAtA hai| 'mahAbhArata' meM kahA gayA hai ki aMgirasa, kAzyapa, vaziSTa aura bhRgu, vaidika AryoM ke prAcInatama purohitoM kI saMtAna calate haiN| atharvaveda meM brAhmaNa ko pRthvI kA devatA kahA gayA hai| jAti vyavasthA ne hamAre dhArmika jIvana ko gaharAI se prabhAvita kiyA hai| dharma aura jAti eka dUsare se avibhAjya rUpa se jur3e haiN| yaha jAti vyavasthA dehAntara aura janmajanmAntaravAda para AdhArita hai| dehAntaravAda hindUvAda kA mUlAdhAra hai| jAti samAja kI eka anivArya saMsthA hai| jAti vyavasthA meM brAhmaNoM kI prabhutA sarvatra svIkAra kI gaI hai| brAhmaNoM kI zreSThatA saba sthAnoM para pratipAdita hai| zAyada hI kahIM inakI zreSThatA para vivAda uThA ho|' 1. jAti bhAskara, pR. 27 2. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina dharma kA itihAsa, pR. 46 3. Castes in India, Page XVII Caste is no more than a fragment of the work, which has reshaped the whole fabric of religious Life. 4. vahI, pR. XVII The doctrmie of metempsyosis is the corner stone of Hinduism 5. vahI, pR. 13 It is an institution and an essential one. vahI, Page 18 The pivot of this hierarchy is the recognised superiority of Brahminic caste and its numerous branches. 7. vahI pR. 19 Brahmins hold a dominant pisition every where, It is rarely that their superiority has been disputed. For Private and Personal Use Only

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15 rijale ne jAti kI paribhASA gautra kI dRSTi se kI hai| isake anusAra, jAti parivAroM kA eka saMkalana hai, jo eka kAlpanika pUrvaja, mAnavIya yA daivI se sAmAnya utpatti kA dAvA karate haiM / blaNTa kA mata bhI rijale ke mata se bhinna nahIM hai| blaNTa ke anusAra eka jAti eka antarvivAha vAlA samUha yA antarvivAha karane vAle samUhoM kA saMkalana hai, jo apane sadasyoM para sAmAjika sahavAsa ke sambandha meM kucha pratibaMdha lagAtA hai, eka sAmAnya paramparAgata vyavasAya ko karatA hai tathA eka sAmAnya utpatti kA dAvA karatA hai tathA sAdhAraNatayA eka sajAtIya samudAya ko banAne vAlA samajhA jAtA hai| majUmadAra aura madAna ke anusAra eka jAti eka baMda varga hai|| mArTiNDela aura moneksI ke anusAra " jAti vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai, jinake kartavyoM aura vizeSAdhikAroM kA jAdU athavA dharma donoM se samarthita tathA svIkRta bhAga janma se nizcita hotA hai|'' ketakara ke anusAra jAti do vizeSatAeM rakhane vAlA samUha hai- 1. sadasyatA unhIM taka sImita rahatI hai, jo sadasyoM se utpanna hote haiM aura unameM isa taraha utpanna sabhI vyakti sammilita hote haiN| 2. sadasyoM kI eka anulaMghanIya sAmAjika niyama dvArA samUha se bAhara vivAha karane se roka diyA jAtA hai| kUle ke anusAra, jaba eka varga nizcita rUpa se AnuvAMzika ho jAtA hai, taba hama use jAti kahate haiN|' 'mekAivara aura peja' ke anusAra, jaba sthiti pUrI taraha pUrvanizcita ho tathA manuSya binA kisI parivartana ke AzA ke apanA bhAgya lekara utpanna hote hoM, taba varga jAti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| grIna ke anusAra " jAti starIkaraNa kI aisI avasthA hai, jisameM gatizIlatA, sAmAjika sthitiyoM kI sIDhI meM Upara nIce jAnA kama se kama vicAra kI dRSTi se nahIM ho sktaa| eka vyakti janma se prApta sthiti usakI AjIvana sthiti hotI hai| janma vyakti ke vyavasAya, nivAsa sthAna, jIvana paddhati, sAthiyoM tathA usa samUha kA nizcaya karatA hai, jisameM use apanA jIvanasAthI cunanA hai| eka jAti vyavasthA meM sadaiva yaha vicAra sammilita hotA hai ki nIcI jAti ke logoM ke sAtha zArIrika athavA anya kisI prakAra kA sAmAjika samparka bhI U~cI jAti ke vyaktiyoM ko patita karane vAlA ho sakatA hai| jAtiprathA kAnUna dvArA rakSita aura dharma dvArA svIkRta hotI hai|" 1. Majumdar & I.N. Madan, An Introduction in Social Anthropology, Page 22 - A Caste is a closed class 2. Martindale & Monachesi, Elements of Sociology, Page 529 A caste as an aggrogate of persons whose share of obligation & privileges is fixed by birth, sanctioned & supported by magic and or religion. 3. Ketkar, History of Caste in India, Page 15 A caste is a social group having two characterstics (1) Membership is confined to those who are born of members and includes all persons so born, (II) The members are forbidden by an inexorable social law to marry outside the group. 4. Cooley, C.H. Social Organisation, Page 11. When a class is somewhat strictly hereditary, we may call it a caste. 5. Maclver & Page, Sociology When status is whoely predetermined, so than men are born to their lot in life without any hope of changing it, then the class takes the form of caste. 6. Green, Sociology Caste is a system of stratification when mobility, movement up and down the status ladder atleast ideally may not occur. A persons ascribed status in his life time status. Ketkar, History ste is a social gro who are bors are forbidden by For Private and Personal Use Only

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16 isa prakAra jAti kI koI nizcita paribhASA nahIM dI jA sktii| Aja paraspara baMdhana TUTa rahe haiN| jAti kevala samUha sUcaka nAma raha gayA hai| antarjAtIya vivAha ho rahe haiM, khAnapAna aura jIvanapaddhati ke baMdhana TUTa rahe haiN| jAti ne varga kA rUpa le liyA hai| nizcita rUpa se jAti eka AnuvAMzika, antarvivAhI samUha hai, jo sAmAjika saMstaraNa meM vyakti kI sthiti, vyavasAya Adi nizcita karatA hai| isa prakAra jAti janmajAta hotI hai, isameM khAnapAna sambandhI niyama hote haiM, adhikAMza jAtiyoM ke vyavasAya nizcita hote haiM, sAmAnyata: jAti meM antarvivAha hote haiM aura usameM U~ca nIca ke kAraNa usakA starIkaraNa hotA hai| DaoN. ghuriye ke anusAra bhArata meM jAti iNDoAryana saMskRti kA eka brAhmaNa bAlaka hai / paramparAgata siddhAMta ke anusAra brAhmaNa brahmA ke mukha se, kSatriya bhujAoM se, vaizya jAMghoM se aura zUdra caraNoM se utpanna hue| nesaphilDa ke anusAra vyavasAya hI bhArata meM jAti prathA ke udgama ke liye uttaradAyI hai|shrtcndr rAya ke anusAra jAti prathA kI utpatti iNDoAryana logoM kI varNa vyavasthA, pUrva dravir3a logoM kI janajAti vyavasthA aura dravir3a loga kI vyAvasAyAtmaka paddhati ke paraspara prabhAva aura saMgharSa se huI aura iNDoAryana logoM ke karmasiddhAnta ne ise dRr3ha rUpa pradAna kiyaa| prajAtika siddhAnata ke anusAra jAti kA stara rakta kI zuddhatA ke pRthakkaraNa para nirbhara hai| majUmadAra ke anusAra "jAti kI sthiti pRthakkaraNa kI sImA para nirbhara karatI hai|" mAnA ke anusAra jAtiprathA kI utpatti anArya jAtiyoM ke dhArmika vizvAsoM aura niyamoM se hue| ibeTasana ne jAtiprathA kI utpatti kA kAraNa janajAtiyAM, vyAvasAyika zreNiyAM aura dharma mAnA / hokArTa ke anusAra samAja kA vibhAjana dhArmika prathAoM ke kAraNa huaa| senArTa ne jAtiprathA kI utpatti ko bhojana sambandhI niSedhoM ke AdhAra para samajhAyA hai| haTTana kI bAta adhika upayukta lagatI hai / inake anusAra "yaha bAta jora dekara kahI jA sakatI hai ki jAti vyavasthA kaI bhaugolika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika aura Arthika kAraNoM kI anta:kriyA kA svAbhAvika pariNAma hai|" isa prakAra jAti vyavasthA eka jaTila vyavasthA hai aura usakI utpatti jaTila paristhitiyoM se huI hai| ____jAti vyavasthA ne bhAratIya samAja ko saMgaThita karane kA kArya kiyaa| haTTana ke anusAra taba yaha samajhA jA sakegA ki jAti kA eka mahatvapUrNa kArya, sambhavata: usake saba kAryoM meM sabase 1. Green, Sociology Birth dominates one"s occupation, place of residence, style of life, personal associates, and the group from amongst whom one must find a mate. A caste system always includes the notion than physical or some form of social system is also protected by law and sanctified by religion. 2. DA. rAmanAtha zarmA, aura DA. rAjendra zarmA, bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAyeM aura saMskRti, pR. 67 3. bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAyeM aura saMskRti, pa.71-72 4. Majumdar, D.N. Races & Castes of India, Page 292 We should think that the Caste depends upon the degree of purity of blood and extent of isolation maintained by the social groups. 5. Hutton, J.H. Casta in India, Page 188 It is urged emphaticelly that the Indian Caste system is the natural result of number of geographical, social, religions, and economic factors. For Private and Personal Use Only

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17 adhika mahatvapUrNa aura vaha jo sarvopari hai jo bhArata meM jAti ko eka advitIya saMsthA banA detA hai, vaha bhAratIya samAja ko saMgaThita karanA hai|' gilabarTa ne mAnA hai "bhAratavarSa meM jAtiyoM kI eka vyavasthA vikasita kI hai, jo sAmAjika samanvaya kI eka yojanA ke rUpa meM saMgharSarata rASTroM kI yUropIya vyavasthA kI tulanA meM kharI utaratI hai|" jAtiprathA ne suprajanana kI zuddha rekhA ko banAe rkhaa| senavika ke anusAra "bhAratIya jAti vyavasthA antarjAtIya vivAha tathA gautra bahirvivAha dvArA suprajanana kI zuddha rekhA (Pure lines of Genetics) ko banAe rakhane kI uttama paddhati hai|'' zeriMga ke zabdoM meM "jAti svacchatA aura vyavasthA kI vRddhi karatI hai aura kisI artha meM hindUsamudAya ke saba vargoM meM ekatA kA baMdhana hai|" jAti AnuvaMzika vyavasAyoM kA sabase dRDharUpa hai| isa prakAra bhArata meM jAti vyavasthA ne bhAratIya samAja ko saMgaThita kiyA, rAjanItika aura sAmAjika sthiratA pradAna kI, suprajanana kI zuddha rekhA ko banAe rakhA, sAmAjika aura mAnasika surakSA pradAna kI, AnuvaMzika vyavasAyoM se vyApArika saMgha kA kArya kiyA, praudyogika aura yAMtrika prazikSaNa diyA aura dhArmika kArya ke sAtha sahayoga aura bhrAtRtva kA pracAra kiyaa| dUsarI ora jAtivyavasthA ne svastha janatAMtrika vyavasthA meM bAdhA DAlI hai; starIkaraNa ke dvArA sAmAjika vighaTana kiyA hai; aspRzyatA kA poSaNa kiyA; hindU samAja ko kSINa kiyA; dhana aura zrama kA asamAna vitaraNa kiyA; zilpakalA kA hrAsa kiyA aura sAmAjika pragati meM bAdhA phuNcaaii| ke. ema. pannikara ne jAti vyavasthA ko Aja ke saMdarbha meM ghora aprajAtAMtrika mAnA hai| inake anusAra 'janataMtra aura jAti pUrNatayA viruddha hai| eka janma kI samAnatA para AdhArita hai, dUsarA asamAnatA para / eka sAmAjika sammilana se banatA hai, dUsarA sAmAjika bahiSkaraNa se| janataMtra varga kI sImAoM ko tor3ane kI ceSTA karatA hai, jAti usako banAe rakhanA cAhatI hai| sabhI mahatvapUrNa viSayoM meM jAti aura janataMtra mUlarUpa meM viruddha haiN|'' 1. Hutton, J.H. Castes in India, Page 119 It will be understood then that one important function of caste, perhaps the most important of all its functions, and the one, which above all other makes Caste in India a unique institution, is or has been to integrate society territorial nationalities. 2. Gilbert, People of India, Page 82 India has developed a system of castes which as a scheme of social adjustment compares rather fovourarty with the Europeon system of warring. 3. bhAratIya samAja, saMsthAyeM aura saMskRti, pR. 84 4. Sherring, Hindu Tribes & Castes, Page 279 Caste promotes cleanliness & order and is in a certain sense a bond of union among all classes of Hindu Society. 5. Pannikar, K.M., Caste & Democracy, Page 37 Democracy & Caste are totally opposed as we have tried to show, then one is based on equality & other inequality of birth. The one is actuated by the principle of social inclusion, the other is by the principle of social exclusion. Democracy tries to break down the barriers of class, caste seeks to perpetuate then, Democracy imparts universal education in order that class consciousness might vanish, caste refuses, education, exept to the governing class. For Private and Personal Use Only

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18 badalatI paristhitiyoM ne jAtiyoM ne apane svarUpa ko badalA hai aura aba ise arASTrIya aura aprajAtAMtrika vyavasthA nahIM kaha sakate haiN| yaha kahanA bhIbhUla hai ki jAti kevala vizrRMkhalita sAmAjika saMsthA hai, jo bhAratavarSa ke vAtAvaraNa ko durgaMdha se bhara rahI hai| kevala rAjanItika aura kucha rAjanItika daloM ke kAraNa sAmAjika samAnatA ke nAma para jAtivAda kA jahara phaila rahA hai, jisase hamArA janataMtra ko khatarA hai| janataMtra ko khatarA jAtiyoM se nahIM, cunAva kI rAjanIti meM AMkaTha DUbe rAjanItijJoM se hai| osavaMza se pahale : kSatriya aura rAjapUta 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra vIra saMvat 70 varSa bAda osiyAM meM pratibodha pAkara jo kSatriya jaina bane, ve 18 gotroM ke the| bhAToM ke anusAra 222 vi.saM. meM jo kSatriya jaina bane, ve kSatriyoM ke 18 gotroM ke the| osavAla jAti kA udgama mUla kSatriya mAnA jAtA hai| kAlAMtara maiM jaina dharma ke prabhAva se hiMsA chor3akara ye vyAvasAyI bne| osavaMza kI utpatti kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM se mAnI jAtI hai, isaliyeusa bAta kI apekSA hai ki rAjapUtoM kI utpatti ke rahasya kI chAnabIna kI jaay| isa sambandha meM tIna mata pracalita hai| rAjapUta videzI haiN| rAjapUta mizrita jAti haiN| rAjapUta vizuddha AryoM kI saMtAna haiN| kyA rAjapUta videzI hai ? katipaya itihAsakAroM ne rAjapUtoM kI utpatti ke prazna ko jaTila banA diyA hai| viliyama kruka aura DaoN. vI.esa. smitha Adi videzI itihAsakAroM ne rAjapUtoM ko videzI jAtiyoM kI saMtAna hI mAna liyA hai| karnala TADa ke anusAra rAjapUtoM ke svabhAvoM aura unakI AdatoM se bhI isa bAta kA sApha patA calatA hai ki ve aura zaka loga kisI samaya eka the aura ThaMDe pradeza meM eka sAtha rahA karate the| isakA pramANa hai ki zaka logoM kI sabhI bAteM rAjapUta jAtiyoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| zIta pradhAna deza ke rahane vAle zakoM ke svabhAva aura unakI AdatoM ko apanA lenA garma deza ke nivAsiyoM ke liye sambhava na thaa| zaka logoM kI vIratA, unakI AdateM aura unake vizvAsa rAjapUtoM meM pUrNarUpa se dekhane ko milate haiN| aneka prakAra kI sAmAjika prathAoM ke sAtha sAtha azvamegha yajJa kI prathA bhI rAjapUtoM meM vahI hai, jo zaka logoM meM pAI gaI hai| karnala TADa yaha bhI kahate haiM ki satI prathA, azvamegha yajJa, sUryapUjA, zastroM aura ghor3oM kI pUjA aura madyapAna Adi prathAe~ rAjapUtoM ne jyoM kI tyoMzakoM aura hUNoM se lI hai| unakA mata hai ki pA~cavIM aura chaThI zatAbdI se pahale rAjapUta zabda kA kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| ve caMdela, 1. sohanarAja bhaMsAlI, osavAla vaMza: anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR. 10 2. ThAkura IzvarasiMha maDADha, rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR. 1 3. karnala TADa, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR. 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAThaur3a ora gaharavAra Adi vaMzoM ko videziyoM se utpanna huA mAnate haiN|' unakA mata hai ki rAjapUtoM ke kucha vaMza AryoM ke aura kucha videziyoM kI saMtAna hai| ___ bhaNDArakara ne bhI rAjapUtoM ko videziyoM kI saMtAna mAnA hai| unakA mata hai ki uttarI pazcimI bhArata gujarAta meM basI gUjara jAti, jinakA hUNoM kA nikaTa sambandha hai, svayaM ko rAjapUta hI mAnate haiN|' itihAsakAroM ne rAjapUtoM ko videziyoM kI santAna mAMnA, kyoMki prAcIna sAhitya meM rAjapUta zabda upalabdha nahIM hai| ___ DA. smitha ne rAjapUtoM ke videzI mata ko svIkAra kara kahA ki zaka, gurjara aura hUNa jAtiyAM zIghra hI hindU dharma meM milakara hindU bana gii| unameM se jina kuTumboM aura zAkhAoM ne kucha bhUmi para adhikAra kara liyA, ve tatkAla kSatriya rAjavarNa meM milA diye gaye haiN| ve likhate haiM ki isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki parihAra aura uttara ke kaI rAjapUta vaMza inhIM jaMgalI samudAyoM se nikale haiM, jo IsA kI pAMcavI yA chaThI zatAbdI meM bhArata meM Ae the| unhoMne hindUdharma svIkAra kara liyA aura unhIM se caMdela, rAThauDa, gaharavAr3a Adi prasiddha rAjapUta vaMza nikale aura unhIM ne apanI utpatti ko pratiSThita karane ke liye sUrya caMdra se jA milaayaa| viliyama krUka ne bhI yaha dalIla dI hai ki cUMki vaidika kSatriyoM aura madhyakAlIna rAjapUtoM ke samaya meM itanA aMtara hai ki donoM ke sambandhoM ko sacce vaMzakrama se nahIM jor3A jA sakatA, isaliye inakI mAnyatA yaha hai ki jo zaka, zIciyana tathA hUNa Adi videzI jAtiyAM hindU samAja meM sthAna pA cuke the aura deza rakSaka ke rUpa meM sammAna prApta kara cuke the, unheM mahAbhArata aura mahAbhArata kAlIna kSatriyoM se sambandhita kara sUrya aura caMdravaMzI mAna liyA gyaa|' rAjapUta vizuddha Arya haiM yaha bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai ki rAjapUta videzI haiN| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI azvamegha kA ullekha hai, isaliye isa AdhAra para rAjapUtoM kA udgama zakoM se mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ina videzI vidvAnoM kA mata kalpanA kI ur3Ana hai| rAjapUtoM kI jina prathAoM ko karnala TADa ne zakoM aura hUNoM se lI gaI batAte haiM, ve prathAeM to yahA~ vaidika yuga meM vartamAna thii| vaidika yuga meM jaba apane pati jalaMdhara kI mRtyu kA samAcAra pativratA vRMdA sunatI hai, to turaMta citA para satI ho jAtI hai| rAvaNa ke balAtkAra karane para kuzudhvaja RSi kI putrI vedavatI apane apamAna kI pIr3A na sahana karake turaMta satI ho gaI thii| rAvaNa kI putravadhU sulocanA aura mahAbhArata 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI pR. 1 2. vahI, pR. 1 3. vahI pR. 2 4. DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR. 31 5. vahI, pR. 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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20 meM pANDu kI patnI mAdrI kA satI honA itihAsa prasiddha hai| isI taraha kRSNa ke sAtha unakI AThoM paTarAniyAM aura balarAma ke sAtha revatI satI huI thii|' azvamegha aura rAjasUya yajJa bhI prAcIna AryoM kI prathAeM haiN| rAmAyaNakAla meM rAjA janaka ne svayaMvara yajJa, rAjA rAma ne azvamegha yajJa, mahAbhArata meM rAjA drupada ne dropadI svayaMvara yajJa aura yudhiSThira ne rAjasUya yajJa kiye the| isI prakAra sUrya kI pUjA, zastroM kI pUjA tathA azvamegha yajJa, jise karnala TADa ghor3oM kI pUjA kahate haiM, prAcIna samaya meM bhI vidyamAna thii| sUryavaMza aura caMdravaMza kI utpatti prAcIna sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| 'brahmavaivarta purANa' ke anusAra candrAditya manunAMca pravaza kSatriya: smRtaH' cauhAnoM, cAlukyoM aura gurjara pratihAroM ko videzI gUjara kahanA upayukta nahIM hai| cauhAna maharSi vatsa, cAlukya mahArAja udayana tathA pratihAra mahArAjarAma ke laghu bhrAtA lakSmaNa kI saMtAna hai| svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI, ojhAjI, DA. dezaratha zarmA, DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, zrI jagadIza siMha gahalota, DA. indra, DaoN. cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya, ThAkura devIsiMha nirvANa aura yUropiyana itihAsakAra nesaphilDa, ibTasana, TevalIya hvIlara rAjapUtoM ko vizuddha AryoM kI santAna mAnate haiN| DaoN. vaidya ke anusAra jAtIya paramparAoM aura sabhI sambhAvanAoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki rAjapUta vizuddha Arya hai aura ve videziyoM kI santAna nahIM hai| ojhAjI ne mAnA hai ki rAjapUtoM aura videzI rasmorivAja meM jo sAmyatA karnala TADa ne batAI hai, vaha sAmyatA videziyoM se rAjapUtoM ne uddhRta nahIM kI hai, varan unakI sAmyatA vaidika aura paurANika samAja aura saMskRti se kI jA sakatI hai| ataeva unakA kahanA hai ki zaka, kuSANa yA hUNoM ke jina rasmorivAja aura paramparAoM kA ullekha sabhyatA batAne ke liye karnala TADa ne kiyA hai, ve bhAratavarSa meM atItakAla se pracalita thii|' ojhAjI ne siddha kiyA hai ki dUsarI zatAbdI se sAtavIM taka kSatriyoM ke ullekha milate haiM aura moryoM aura nandoM ke patana ke bAda bhI kSatriya honA pramANita hai| kaTaka ke pAsa udayagiri ke vi.saM. pUrva kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke rAjA khAravela ke lekha meM kusumba jAti ke kSatriyoM kA ullekha hai| isI taraha nAsika ke pAsa pANDava guphA meM vi.saM. ke dUsarI zatAbdI ke lekha meM kSatriyoM kA varNana milatA hai| giranAra parvata ke 150 I pUrva 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR.2 2. vahI, pR. 2-3 3. brahmavaivartapurANa, 10-15 4. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR. 5 5. vahI, pR.7 6. vahI, pR.7 7.DaoN.gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pa.32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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21 ke lekha meM yaudhayoM ko spaSTa kara kSatriya likhA hai| tIsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa jaggyapeTa tathA nAgArjunI koMDa ke lekhoM meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjAoM kA nAmollekha hai| zrI jagadIza siMha gahalota kA bhI mata hai, "musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa taka yahA~ ke rAjA kSatriya kahalAte the| bAda meM unakA bala TUTa gayA aura ye svataMtra rAjA ke sthAna para sAmanta, nareza ho gye| musalamAnoM ke samaya meM hI ina zAsaka rAjAoM kI jAti ke liye rAjaputra yA rAjapUta zabda kAma meM Ane lgaa|" ojhAjI kA mata hai, musalamAnoM ke rAjatvakAla meM kSatriyoM ke rAjya kramaza: asta ho gaye aura jo bace unako musalamAnoM kI adhInatA svIkAra karanI par3I, ata: ve svataMtra rAjA na rahakara sAmanta se bana gye| aisI dazA meM unake liye musalamAnoM ke samaya meM rAjavaMzI hone ke kAraNa "rAjapUta' nAma kA prayoga hone lgaa| vastutaH rAjapUta mizrita jAti bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki hindU dharma, vizeSakara rAjapUtoM ke niyama aura upaniyama itane kaThora the ki usameM dUsare dharmAnuyAyI ko praviSTa na hone diyA jAtA thaa| yahA~ kI varNavyavasthA aura rAjapUtoM ke niyama IsvI zatAbdI ke bAda to itane kaThora ho gaye ki kisI bhI kSatriya kI jarA sI galtI hone para use jAti se nikAla diyA jAtA thaa|' ___ ata: rAjapUta jAti na videzI hai aura na mizrita, kintu vizuddha AryoM kI santAna hai| agnivaMza kA rahasya paMvAra, paramAra, cauhAna (cAhamAna), cAlukya tathA pratihAra (gurjara pratihAra) ina 4 vaMzoM ko kaI itihAsakAra agnivaMzI mAnate haiN| ina matoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama candarabaradAI ne apane graMtha 'pRthvIrAjarAso' meM kiyA hai| candarabaradAI kA mata hai ki jaba parazurAma ne pRthvI ko ikkIsa bAra kSatriyoM se zUnya kara diyA, to rAkSasoM ne RSiyoM ko satAnA zurU kara diyaa| rAkSasa RSiyoM dvArA racAye gaye yajJoM meM hAr3amAMsa Adi DAlakara apavitra kara vidhvaMsa kara diyA karate the| aisI sthiti meM vaziSTha Adi kaI RSiyoM ne AbU parvata para eka yajJa racAyA aura prabhu se prArthanA kI ki hamArI rakSA ke lie eka zaktizAlIjAti utpanna kI jaay| kahate haiM ki usa yajJa meM cAra zaktizAlI puruSa utpanna hue jinhoMne apane nAma para uparokta cAra vaMzoM ko claayaa| muhaNota nainasI ne apanI khyAta meM, sUryamala mizraNa ne vaMza bhAskara' meM, kavidhanapAla ne 'tilaka maMjarI' meM, abulaphajala ne 'Aine akabarI' meM, kavi jodharAja ne 'hammIra rAso' meM tathA padmagupta ne 'navasAhasAMka carita' meM isa mata kI puSTi kI hai| yaha mata kevala mAtra kaviyoM kI mAnasika kalpanA kA phala hai| koI itihAsa kA 1. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR. 41-76 2. jagadIza siMha gahalota, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR7 3. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR.6 4. vahI, pR. 8 5. vahI, pR. 8-9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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22 vidyArthI yaha mAnane ko udyata nahIM ho sakatA ki agni se bhI kisI kA sRjana hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki candarabaradAI vaziSTha dvArA agni se ina vaMzoM kI udbhUti se yaha abhivyakta karatA hai, jabaki videzI sattA se saMgharSa karane kI AvazyakatA huI to ina vaMzoM ke rAjapUtoM ne apane Apako zatruoM se mukAbalA karane ko sajaga kara diyaa|' chaThI zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM tathA sAhityika graMthoM kI sAmagrI hameM yaha pramANita karane meM sahAyatA pahu~cAtI hai ki ina cAra vaMzoM meM tIna vaMza sUryavaMzI aura eka candravaMzIya the| rAjazekhara ne mahendrapAla ko raghukula tilaka kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA hai| isI taraha kaI dAnapatroM se solaMkiyoM kA caMdravaMzI honA pramANita hai| bihArI prastara abhilekha meM cAlukyoM kI utpatti candravaMzIya batAyI gaI hai| harSa abhilekha, 'pRthvIrAjavijaya' kAvya tathA 'hamIra mahAkAvya' se cauhAna sUryavaMzIya kSatriya kI saMtAna hai / paramAroM ke sambandha meM jahA~ tahA~ ullekha milate haiM, unameM udayapura prazAsti, piMgala sUtravRti, tejapAla abhilekha Adi mukhya hai, yahA~ inheM agnivaMzIya nahIM batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra cAra kSatriyoM ko agnivaMzIya kahanA banAvaTI aura avyAvahArika hai| 'pRthvIrAjarAso' kI prAmANikatA hI saMdigdha hai, isaliye kevala 'pRthvIrAjarAso' ke AdhAra para cAra kSatriya gotroM ko agnivaMzIya kahanA kadApi ucita nhiiN| DaoN. dazaratha zarmA isa sambandha meM likhate haiM ki yaha bhAToM kI kalpanA kI eka upaja mAtra hai|' sUrya aura caMdravaMzIya mata jahA~ agnimata kA khaNDana ojhA jI ne kiyA hai, vahA~ ve rAjapUtoM ko sUryavaMzIya aura caMdravaMzIya mAnate haiM / vedapratipAdya kSatriya jAti meM sUryavaMza vikhyAta hai, dUsarA caMdravaMza hai, inhIM vaMzoM ke kSatriyoM ke nAma se bhI aneka vaMza vikhyAta hue haiN| ojhAjI ne agnivaMzIya tIna gotroM ko sUryavaMzIya aura eka ko candravaMzIya kahakara udAharaNa ke liye 1028 vi. (971 I.) ke nAtha abhilekha meM, 1034 I (971I) ke ATapura lekha meM, 1324 vi (1285 I) ke AbU ke abhilekha meM tathA 1485 vi (1428 I) ke zrRMgI RSi ke lekha meM guhilavaMzIya rAjapUtoM kA raghukula se utpanna batAyA gayA hai| isI taraha pRthvIrAja vijaya', hamIra mahAkAvya', 'sujAnacaritra' ne cauhAnoM ko kSatriya mAnA hai| vaMzAvalI lekhakoM ne rAThaur3oM ko sUryavaMzI, yAdavoM, bhATiyoM aura caMdrAvalI ke cauhAna ko caMdravaMzIya nirdiSTa kiyA hai / ojhA jI ke anusAra rAjapUta prAcIna kSatriyoM ke vaMzadhara haiM aura jo lekhaka aisA nahIM mAnate, unakA kathana pramANazUnya hai| isa mata ko sabhI rAjapUtoM kI utpatti ke liye svIkAra karanA Apattijanaka hai, kyoMki rAjapUtoM ko sUryavaMzI batAte hue unakA vaMzakrama ikSvAku se jor3a diyA gayA hai, jo prathama sUryavaMzIya rAjA haiN| balki sUrya aura caMdravaMzIya samarthaka bhAToM ne to rAjapUtoM kA sambandha indra padmanAma, viSNu Adi se batAte hue 1. DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR. 29 2. vahI, pR. 29-30 3. vahI pR. 30 4.jAtibhAskara, pR. 209 5. DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR. 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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23 eka kAlpanika vaMzakrama banA diyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ve bhI inakI utpatti ke viSaya meM kisI nizcaya para nahIM pahuMcane pAye haiN| alabattA isa mata kA eka hI upayoga hameM dikhAyI detA hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI se ina rAjapUtoM kA kSatriyatva svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| karnala TADa ke anusAra vyAsa ne sUryaputra vaivasvata manu se lekara rAmacandra taka sUryavaMza ke sattAvana rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| .......yayAti se candravaMza prArambha hotA hai| ....... yudhiSThira, jarAsaMdha aura bahuratha taka jo kRSNa aura kaMsa ke samakAlIna the, ...... candravaMzI the| gahalota ke anusAra, 'sArAMza yaha hai ki vartamAna rAjapUtoM ke rAjavaMza vaidika aura paurANika kAla meM rAjanya ugra, kSatriya Adi nAma se prasiddha sUrya aura candravaMzI kSatriyoM kI santAna hai| ye na to videzI hI hai aura na vidharmiyoM ke vaMzaja hI, jaisA ki kucha yUropiyana lekhakoM ne anumAna kiyA hai| likhita sAhitya ke atirikta aneka zilAlekha bhI rAjapUtoM ko sUrya aura caMdravaMzI batAte haiN| inameM pramukha haiM prathama zatAbdI kA udayagiri kA zilAlekha, tejapAla maMdira meM 1230I. kA zilAlekha jisake anusAra ghUmravAla, paramAra rAjA sUryavaMzI the; sIkara jile meM harSanAtha ke maMdira se prApta zilAlekha ke anusAra cauhAnoM ke pUrvaja sUryavaMzI the; ajamera meM ojhAjI ko prApta zilAlekha meM sUryavaMza kI bhArata meM prastuti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai; cittaur3a kI jayadevI ke maMdira se prApta 14vIM zatAbdI kA zilAlekha jisameM sUryavaMza kA varNana hai; cir3AvA meM prApta 15vIM zatAbdI kA zilAlekha vaMzAvalI detA hai aura jAlaura aura nADaula meM prApta 13vIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekha jisameM rAThauroM ko sUryavaMzI kSatriya kahA gayA hai| DaoN. dazaratha zarmA ke anusAra, "agnikuNDa kA siddhAnta cAraNa va bhAToM kI mAnasika kalpanA thI, jisakA eka mAtra AdhAra apane saMrakSakoM ke liye uccakula kI talAza karanA thaa| rAjapUta sUrya aura candravaMzI the|" brAhmaNoM se utpatti DA. bhaNDArakara prathama vidvAna the, jinhoMne cauhAnoM kI utpatti kisI videzI (khajjara) brAhmaNa se batAI hai| phira to kaI vidvAnoM aura lekhakoM ne rAjapUtoM kI utpatti brAhmaNoM se batA dii| maNDora ke pratihAra brAhmaNa ke vaMza ke the| isI prakAra AbU ke pratihAra vaziSTa RSi kI santAna the| Adhunika itihAsakAra DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA ne isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki mevAr3a ke nAgara jAti ke brAhmaNa guhedatta ke vaMzaja haiN| zrI ojhAjI ne bhI isa siddhAnta ko mAnA hai| mevAr3a ke mahArAjA kumbhA ne jayadeva ke 'gIta govinda' para TIkA likhate samaya svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai guhilota kI utpatti guhedatta se huI hai, kintu adhikAMza rAjapUta ise svIkAra nahIM krte| DaoN. bhaNDArakara ne jahA~ gurjara mata ko videzI AdhAra para sthita kiyA hai, vahA~ yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki rAjapUta vaMza dhArmika vaMza se bhI sambandhita the, jo videzI the| isa mata kI 1. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR. 41-78 2. vahI pR. 31 3. karnala TADa, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR. 42 4. jagadIzasiMha gahalota, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR. 3 5.bI.ema. divAkara, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR.9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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24 puSTi ke liye ve bijoliyA zilAlekha ko prastuta karate haiM, jisameM vAsudeva ke uttarAdhikArI sAmanta ko vatsagotrIya brAhmaNa batAyA gayA hai| unake anusAra rAjazekhara brAhmaNa kA vivAha avanti sundarI ke sAtha honA cauhAnoM kA brAhmaNa vaMza se utpatti hone kA akATya pramANa hai| 'kAyamakhAM rAsA' meM bhI cauhAnoM kI utpatti vatsa se batAI gayI hai, jo jamadAgni gotra se thaa| isa kathana bhI puSTi suNDA tathA AbU ke abhilekha se bhI hotI hai| isI taraha bhaNDArakara kA mata hai ki guhila rAjapUtoM kI utpatti nAgara brAhmaNoM se thii| dUsarI ora DA. ojhA tathA vaidya isa brAhmaNavaMzIya mata ko asvIkAra karate haiM aura likhate haiM ki jo bhrAMti DaoN. bhaNDArakara ko rAjapUtoM kI brAhmaNoM kI utpatti se huI hai, vaha dvija, brahmakSatrI, vipra Adi zabdoM se huI hai, jinakA prayoga rAjapUtoM ke abhilekhoM meM huA hai| parantu inakI mAnyatA hai ki inakA prayoga kSatriya jAti kI abhivyakti ke liye huA hai, na ki brAhmaNa jAti ke liye| DaoN. zarmA ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa aise kaI udAharaNoM ko prastuta karatA hai, jahA~ prArambha meM brAhmaNa hote hue kaI rAjavaMza kSatriya pada ko prApta hue| aise vaMzoM meM kaNva aura zaMga vaMza mukhya haiN|' rAjapUtoM ko bar3A batAne ke liye usa samaya ke lekhakoM, dhArmika graMthoM aura zilAlekhoM ne kabhI unheM daivika zakti se utpanna kiyA aura kahIM unheM brAhmaNoM kI santAna batAkara sammAnita kiyaa| agnikuNDa kA siddhAnta batAkara unheM devatAoM kI kRti batAnA caahaa| yahA~ itane samarthaka aura acchA batAne vAle haiM, vahA~ unheM videzI, dharmaparivartita aura AdivAsI anArya kahane vAloM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| smitha ne unheM hUNa se kahA, bhaNDArakara ne unheM nAgara brAhmaNa kI santAna kahA, vedavyAsa ne unheM sUrya aura caMdravaMzI khaa| ___DA. zarmA ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yaha bhI sambhava hai ki prArambha meM aura bAda meM guptakAla meM kucha videzI prajAtiyA~-zaka, pahalavAja (Pahlvas) aura hUNa bhArata meM Ae, uttara bhArata meM base aura ve hinduoM aura kSatriyoM jaise yuddhaparaka logoM meM ekIkRta varga ne unheM kSatriya kA darjA bhI pradAna kiyA hai| apanI mahatvapUrNa paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa ve rAjapUta hue| samaya ke sAtha rAjapUta aura kSatriya zabda samAnArthaka ho gye| aMta meM yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki rAjapUtoM kI utpatti kA na devIsiddhAnta ThIka hai, 1. DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR. 33-34 2. vahI pR. 34 3. vahI pR. 34 4. bI.ema. divAkara, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR. 9-10 5. G.N. Sarma, Origin of Rojputs, page 10 The sum & substance of the following discussion lead us to believe they during the penod preceding and following the supremay of early and later Guptas, many foreign races like the Saka, the Pahlavas & Huns had come to India, settled in the northern part of the country, adopted the manners & customs of Hindus & merged in the Khstriya or other worlike people, due their value & devotion to Hinduism, the priestly class conterred upon them the status of Kshatriyas. As they enjoyed a royal position they turned themselves as Rajputs. In the course of time the Kshatriyas & the Rajputs became Kuientical terms. For Private and Personal Use Only

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25 na agnivaMzIya siddhAnta, na sUryavaMzI aura candravaMzIya siddhAnta, na brAhmaNavaMzIya siddhAnta aura na videzI siddhAnta / DaoN. kAnUnago ke anusAra "agnikuNDa kI kahAnI isa pragatiyuga meM nahIM cala sktii| unakI sUrya aura candra se utpatti eka kAlpanika satya ho sakatI hai, lekina yaha satya hai ki itihAsa meM unhoMne mahAkAvyakAla ke kSatriyoM kI paramparA ko banAe rakhA hai|" rAjapUta jAti AryoM kI santAna hai, kSatriyoM kI santAna hai, kintu dIrghakAla meM thor3e bahuta mizraNa se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Aja ke yuga meM zuddha prajAti aura rakta kI zuddhatA kA Agraha vyartha hai| osavaMza osavaMza kI utpatti mukhyarUpa se kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM se aura AMzika rUpa se anya jAtiyoM se huI hai| osavAla jAti Arya jAti kI santAna hai aura unakI dhamaniyoM meM kSatriya AryoM kA rakta pravAhita hai| isa dIrgha avadhi para kahA~ aura kaba mizraNa huA, isase kauna inkAra kara sakatA hai ? 1. Dr. Kanungo, Studies in Rajput History, Introduction For Private and Personal Use Only

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dvitIya adhyAya osavaMza kA preraNA srota : jainamata osavaMza aura jainamata osavaMza aura jainamata eka dUsare se avicchinna rUpa se jur3e haiN| osavaMza ke astitva kI kalpanA jainamata ke pare nahIM kI jA sktii| isa jAti kI mAnasikatA, isakI naitikatA, isakA samAjazAstra, dharmazAstra aura darzanazAstra kA mUlAdhAra jainamata hai| osavaMza kA itihAsa jainadharma ke itihAsa se bahuta alaga nahIM hai, jainadharma yadi eka nirbandha jharanA hai, to isakI sImA meM baMdhakara bahane vAlI osavAla saMjJaka jAti ko saritA kahA jA sakatA hai|' osavaMza kI nirjhariNI jainamata se hI pravAhita hai| jainamata kA sAMskRtika saMdarbha osavaMza ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huA hai| jainamata aura jainAcAryoM ne yugoM yugoM se jisa jIvana zailI kI prasthApanA kI, usakI prayogazAlAosavaMza hai| jainamataH aitihAsika yAtrA prAgaitihAsika yuga se lekara Ajataka-Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara Ajataka jainamata ne lambI yAtrA pUrI kI hai, use tIna yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. pUrva mahAvIra yuga : jainamata kA pravartana aura pravarddhanakAla 2. mahAvIra yuga : jainamata kA vikAsakAla 3. mahAvIrottara yuga : jainamata kA prasArakAla (1) pUrva mahAvIra yuga : jainamata kA pravartana aura pravarddhanakAla sindhughATI meM jainamata ke avazeSa bhArata meM AryoM ke pUrva siMdhughATI kI sabhyatA vartamAna thii| yaha sabhyatA IsA ke cAra hajAra varSa pUrva kI hai| mohanajodar3o nivAsI yoga kI praNAliyoM se paricita the| zrI rAmacaMdra caMdA ke anusAra "mohanajodar3o se prApta patthara kI mUrti, jise pujArI kI mUrti samajha liyA gayA hai, vaha mujhe isa niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke liye prerita karatI hai ki sindhughATI kI sabhyatA meM yogAbhyAsa hotA thA aura yoga kI mudrA meM mUrtiyAM pUjI jAtI thii|" usa samaya kI khar3I mUrtiyAM yoga kI kAyotsarga kI mUrtiyAM haiN|' DA. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ke anusAra "yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai| yadi aisA ho to zaivadharma kI taraha jaina dharma kA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhu sabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| vastuta: zramaNa paramparA zramaNoM kI yogiyoM kI paramparA hai| mohanajodar3o kI 1. manamohinI, osavAlaH darzana : digdarzana, pR23 2. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR99. 3. vahI pR. 101 4. DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI, hindU sabhyatA, pR 23-24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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27 taraha har3appA se prApta mUrtiyA~ bhI nagna hai, jisameM eka ziva kI mUrti mAnI gaI hai aura dUsarI ko zrI rAmacandra jaise purAtatvavida vRSabha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti mAnate haiN| unhoMne apane lekha meM ziznadevA kA artha nagnadevatA mAnA hai / ' hoM / zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke anusAra bhI mohanajodar3o kI khudAI meM yoga ke pramANa milate haiM aura jainamArga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the, jinake sAtha yoga aura vairAgya kI paramparA usI prakAra lipaTI huI hai, jaise zakti kAlAMtara meM ziva ke sAtha samanvita ho gaI / isa dRSTi se kaI jaina vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki RSabhadeva vaidollikhita hone para bhI vedapUrva haiM 12 prAgaitihAsika kAla : Adi tIrthaMkara : 1. RSabhadeva 1 jainamata kA pravartana prAgaitihAsika kAla meM Adi tIrthaMka RSabhadeva ke dvArA huA / jainamata atyadhika prAcIna hai| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra manu caudaha hue| aMtima manu nAbhirAma the| unhIM ke putra RSabhadeva hue, jinhoMne ahiMsA aura anekAntavAda kA pravartana kiyA hai| jainapaNDitoM kA vizvAsa hai ki RSabhadeva ne lipi kA AviSkAra kiyA tathA kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina tIna jAtiyoM kI racanA kI / bharata RSabhadeva ke hI putra the, jinake nAma para isa deza kA nAma bhArata par3A / bhagavAna RSabhadeva mAnava samAja ke Adi vyavasthApaka aura prathama dharmanAyaka rahe haiM / ' vaidika paramparA ke dharmagraMtha 'zrImadbhAgavata' meM bhI prathama manu svAyaMbhuva ke manvantara meM hI unake vaMza anI se nAbhi ora nAbhi se RSabhadeva kA janma honA mAnA gayA hai| Rgveda ke 'rudrasUkta' meM kahA gayA hai ki he vRSabha ! aisI kRpA karo ki hama kabhI naSTa na Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir evaM vabhro vRSabha cekitAna yathAdeva na huNIye na haMsI / ' 'Rgveda' ke RSabhadeva vRSabha haiM, dharma ke pratIka haiM aura hiraNyagarbha bhI' - hiraNyagarbha samavatartAgre bhUtasthaya jAtaH patireka AsIta / sa dAdhAra pRthvI dyAbhutimAM kasmai devAya haviSA vidheya // Rgveda kA hiraNyagarbhA vAstava meM kauna hai, yaha abhI taka spaSTa nahIM ho sakA hai hiraNyagarbha zabda lAkSaNika hai, yaha mahAn zaktiyoM kA pratIka hai, kintu jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra RSabhadeva hiraNyagarbhA hai| 'mahApurANa' meM bhI RSabhadeva ko hiraNyagarbhA mAnA gayA hai / " 1. paM kailAzacaMdrazAlI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR 106 2. Ajakala, mArca, 1962, pR. 8 3. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR. 146 4. AcArya hastImala jI, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR9 5. vahI, pR. 14 6. Rgveda, 2-33-15 7. vahI, pR. 2-33-16 8. mahApurANa 1-68 For Private and Personal Use Only

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28 gabha TThi assa jassa hiraNavuTTI saMkacaNA pddiyaa| teNaM hiraNagabbho jayammi uvagijarA usabho / 'mahAbhArata' meM ziva ke sAtha RSabha kA nAma ginAyA hai ': RSabhatvaM pavitrANAM yoginAM niSkala: ziva: 'zivapurANa' meM ziva kA Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra kA ullekha hai| Rgveda aura atharvaveda meM hI nahIM, mahAbhArata, zivapurANa, kUrmapurANa, brahmANDa purANa Adi vaiSNava paramparA ke purANa nAbhinandana RSabhadeva kI yazogAthAoM se bhare par3e haiN| purANoM meM inheM bhagavAna kA AThavAM avatAra mAnA gayA hai| manusmRti meM inakA yazogAna hai| bauddha graMtha Arya maMjuzrI' meM inakI yazogAthA hai| bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra bhArata ke Adi samrAToM meM nAbhiputra RSabha aura RSabhaputra bharata kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| inhoMne hemavaMtagiri himAlaya para siddhi prApta kii| ve vratapAlana meM dRr3ha the| ve hI nigraMtha tIrthaMkara RSabha jainoM ke Adi deva the| __ 'zrImadbhAgavata' meM RSabhAvatAra kA pUrA pUrA varNana hai aura unhIM ke upadezoM se jainadharma kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| DaoN. Ara.jI. bhaNDArakara ke anusAra "250 I. ke lagabhaga purANoM kA punarnirmANa honA prArambha huA aura guptakAla taka yaha krama jArI rhaa| isa kAla meM samaya samaya para naye purANa bhI race gye|" purANoM kI kathAoM ko kapola kalpita nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zrImadbhAgavata meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki nagnazramaNoM kA dharma ke upadeza ke liye udbhava huaa| bhAgavatakAra ke anusAra sundara zarIra, vipula kIrti, teja, bala, yaza aura parAkrama Adi sadguNoM ke kAraNa mahArAja nAbhi ne unakA nAma RSabha rkhaa|' digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM RSabha kA kaI sthAnoM para vRSabhadeva nAma upalabdha hotA hai| dharmarUpI amRta kI varSA karane vAle haiM, isaliye indra ne inakA nAma vRSabhadeva rkhaa| cUrNikAra ke ullekhAnusAra RSabhakA eka nAma kAzyapa bhI rakhA gyaa| 1. mahAbhArata 14-18 2. zivapurANa 4-47-47 3. AcArya hastImala jI ma., jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR. 38 Arya maMjuzrI 390-91-92 5. Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar, A Peep into Early Indian History, Part I, Page 56 6. zrImadbhAgavat purANa 20-5-3 varhiSI tasminneva viSNudatta bhagavAna paramArSimi prasAdito nAbhe priya cikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane marudevyAM dharmAn darzayitu kAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnA mRSINa marha va maikinA zuklayA tanuvAvatAra // 7. vahI, 5-4-2, pR. 556, (gorakhapura saMskaraNa) 8. Avazyaka cUrNi, pR 151 9. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa,921 For Private and Personal Use Only

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29 bhagavAna RSabhadeva mAnava samAja ke Adi vyavasthApaka aura prathama dharmanAyaka rahe haiN|' kalpasUtra meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pA~ca nAmoM kA ullekha hai- 1. RSabha, 2. prathama rAjA 3. prathama bhikSAcara, 4. prathama jina 5. prathama tIrthaMkara / ' mahApurANa ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva jisa samaya mAtA ke garbha meM Ae, usa samaya kubera ne hiraNya kI varSA kI, isa kAraNa inakA nAma hiraNyagarbhA bhI rakhA gyaa| uttarakAlIna AcAryoM aura jaina itihAsakAroM ne bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko karmabhUmi aura dharmabhUmi ke Adyapravartaka hone ke kAraNa AdinAtha ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| zatAbdiyoM se bhagavAna RSabhadeva AdinAtha ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| RSabhadeva ne sazakta rASTra kA nirmANa kiyA, rAjya kI suvyavasthA ke liye ArakSaka dala kA nirmANa kiyA aura rASTra ko 52 janapadoM meM vibhakta kiyA, cAra prakAra kI senA aura cAra senApatiyoM kI niyukti kI daNDa vyavasthA pracalita kI, daNDanAyaka aura padAdhikAriyoM kI niyukti kI, prajA ko svAvalambI banAyA aura isa prakAra mahArAja RSabha ne eka sundara, sazakta aura susamRddha rASTra ke nirmANa kI pUrI taiyArI kii| lokanAyaka aura rASTra sthavira ke rUpa meM mahArAja RSabhadeva ne vividha vyavahAropayogI vidhiyoM se tatkAlIna janasamAja ko paricita kraayaa| RSabhadeva karmabhUmi meM Agamana ke samaya karmabhUmi ke kAryakalApoM se nitAnta anabhijJa una bhogabhUmi ke bhole logoM ko karmabhUmi ke samaya meM sukhapUrvaka jIvanayApana kI kalA sikhAkara mAnavatA ko bhaTakane se bacA liyaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA gRhastha parivAra vizAla thA, usI prakAra unakA dharma parivAra bhI vizAla thaa|yoN dekhA jAya to prabhu RSabhadeva kI vItarAgavANI ko sunakara koI biralA hI aisA rahA hogA, jo lAbhAnvita evaM zraddhAzIla na huA ho| agaNita nara-nArI, deva-devI aura pazu taka unake upAsaka bne| 'jambUdvIpa prajJati sUtra ke anusAra caurAsI gaNadhara, bIsa hajAra kevalI sAdhu, cAlIsa hajAra kevalI sAdhviyA~, caurAsI hajAra sAdhu, tIna lAkha sAdhviyA~, tIna lAkha pacAsa hajAra zrAvaka aura pAMca lAkha caupana hajAra zrAvikAeM thiiN| bhagavAna RSabha ne vizAla samudAya ko zramaNa saMskRti meM saMskArita kiyaa| 'zrI madbhAgavata' ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva sAkSAt Izvara hI the| ajJAniyoM ko unhoMne satyadharma kI zikSA dii|' bhagavAn RSabha ne putroM ko zikSA dete samaya kahA, "mere isa avatAra svarUpa kA rahasya sAdhAraNa janoM ke liye buddhigamya nahIM hai| zuddha tatva hI merA hRdaya hai aura usI meM dharma kI sthiti hai| maiMne adharma ko bahuta dUra Dhakela diyA hai, isaliye satyuruSa mujhe 1.jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa,114 2. kalpasUtra, 194 3. mahApurANa, parva 12 aura 15 4. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathamakhaNDa, pR. 38 5. vahI, pR. 127 6. vahI, pR. 128 7. zrImadbhAgavata purANa, 5-4-14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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30 RSabha kahate haiM / putro ! tuma sampUrNa carAcara bhUtoM ko merA hI zarIra samajhakara zuddha buddhi se pada pada para merI upAsanA kro| "" bhagavAn RSabha ko yugoM yugoM se lokanIti, rAjanIti, dharmanIti- ina tIna nItiyoM kA AdikartA, karmavIroM aura dharmavIroM kA Adi pravartaka, sakala surAsuroM kA vandanIya aura prathama jina mAnA gayA hai / 2 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sArvabhauma lokanAyaka aura sArvabhauma dharmanAyaka ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva kI kIrti jagata akSuNNa rahI hai, isaliye prAcIna dharmagraMthoM meM RSabhadeva ko dhAtA, bhAgyavidhAtA aura bhagavAna Adi lokottara nAmoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAna RSabha ke samaya meM mAnava samAja kisI kula, jAti aura vaMza ke vibhAga meM vibhakta nahIM thA / jaba samAja meM viSamatA bar3hI taba AdinAtha RSabha ne varNavyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyA / inhoMne sudRr3ha aura zaktisampanna logoM ko kSatriya kI saMjJA dI, kRSi aura vANijya meM nipuNa logoM ko vaizya aura janasamudAya kI sevA karane vAloM ko zUdra kI saMjJA dii| isa prakAra RSabhadeva ke samaya meM kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina tIna varNoM kI utpatti huI / ' isa prakAra prAgaitihAsika yuga ke utkhanana aura vaidika aura vaidettara sAhitya meM RSabhadeva ke astitva aura svarUpa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jainamata ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se hI jina zAsana aura zramaNa saMskRti kI srotAsvinI pravAhita huii| Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke kAla ko jainamata kA pravartana kAla kaha sakate haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki jainamata ke Adi pravartaka aura saMsthApaka RSabhadeva ne varNavyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kara parokSa rUpa meM osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa kara diyaa| zramaNa paramparA bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM do bhinna paramparAoM ke darzana hote haiM- unameM se eka brAhmaNa kI hai, dUsarI zramaNa kI / bhAratavarSa kA kramabaddha itihAsa buddha aura mahAvIra ke kAla se prArambha hotA hai| usa kAla se lekara ina donoM paramparAoM kA pRthaktva barAbara lakSita hotA hai / " sikandara ke samakAlIna yUnAnI lekhakoM ne sAdhuoM kI do zreNiyA~ batAI haiM- zramaNa, brAhmaNa aura pataMjali ne apane mahAbhASya meM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa meM zAzvata virodha batalAyA hai| " zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNa batAe gaye haiM- nirgratha, zAkya, tApasa, gairuka aura AjIvaka / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM brAhmaNa, zramaNa aura tApasoM kA pRthaka pRthaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1. zrI madbhAgavata purANa 5-4-14 2. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa pR 141 3. vahI, pR. 23 4. mahApurANa 16-243, 246 5. mahAbhASya- 2-4-12 6. vahI, 18, pR 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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31 zvetAmbara jaina agamoM meM ATha prakAra ke brAhmaNa parivrAjaka aura ATha prakAra ke kSatriya parivrAjaka batalAe gae haiN| mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke anuyAyI sAdhu zramaNa kahe jAte the aura mahAvIra tathA buddha donoM pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt mahAzramaNa khlaaye| ye donoM kSatriya the| donoM veda aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke virodhI the / vaidika saMskRti meM jo tatva pIche se praviSTa hue- AtmavidyA, punarjanma, tapa, mukti, una sabako donoM mAnate the| 'vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada' aura 'taittiriya AraNyaka' ke samaya meM zramaNa vartamAna the| DA. bhaNDArakara kA kathana hai ki prAcInakAla se hI bhAratIya samAja meM aise vyakti maujUda the, jo zramaNa kahe jAte the| ve dhyAna meM magna rahate the aura kabhI kabhI mukti kA upadeza dete the, jo pracalita dharma ke anurUpa nahIM hotA thaa| zramaNoM kI paramparA ko hama yogiyoM kI paramparA kaha sakate haiN| __mathurA myujiyama meM dUsarI zatI kI, kAyotsarga sthita eka vRSabhadeva kI mUrti hai| isa mUrti kI zailI sindhu se prApta moharoM para aMkita khar3I huI devamUrtiyoM ke bilkula milatI hai| rAdhAmukuda mukharjI ne bhI caMdA ke niSkarSa ko svIkAra kara kahA hai "unhoMne (caMdAne) 6 anya muharoM para khar3I huI mUrtiyoM kI ora dhyAna dilAyA hai| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai, jaise mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita tIrthaMkara RSabha devatA kI mUrti meN| isameM sindhu sabhyatA evaM aitihAsika bhAratIya sabhyatA ke bIca kI khoI huI kar3I kA bhI eka ubhaya sAMskRtika paramparA ke rUpa meM uddhAra ho jAtA hai|" mohanajodar3o ke nivAsiyoM meM liMga sahita ziva ko pUjane kI prathA thii| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtatva vibhAga ke saMyukta nidezaka zrI TI.ena. rAmacaMdrana ne mAnA hai "har3appA kI mUrti ke uparokta guNa viziSTa mudrA meM hone ke kAraNa yadi hama use jaina tIrthaMkara athavA khyAti prApta tapo mahimA yukta jaina santa kI pratimA kaheM, to kucha bhI asatya na hogaa|"5 isa prakAra mohanajodar3o se prApta nagna mUrti ko zrI rAmacandra caMdA ne sambhAvanA rUpa meM RSabhadeva kI mUrti batalAyA hai aura idhara har3appA se prApta kabandha ko zrI rAmacandrana ne RSabhadeva kI mUrti batalAyA hai| isa kAraNa DaoNrAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne mAnA ki zaivadharma kI taraha jaina dharma kA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhu sabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| vrAtya paramparA zramaNa paramparA ko vrAtyoM se jor3A jA sakatA hai| vaidika vAGgamaya kI eka kaThina 1. Collected works of Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar, Part I, Page 10 2. Modern Review, June 1932 3. DA. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI, hindU sabhyatA, pR23-24 4. Indian Litereature, April, 1936, Page 767 5.paM. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, 105-106 6. vahI, pR107 For Private and Personal Use Only

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32 pahelI vrAtya bhI rahA hai| Rgveda ke aneka maMtroM meM vrAtya zabda AyA hai|' naramedha meM jina manuSyoM kA balidAna kiyA jAtA thA, usameM vrAtya bhI the| dUsarI ora atharvaveda meM vrAtyoM ko vidvAnoM meM uttama, mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla aura vizvapUjya mAnA hai| vrAtyoM ko magadha kA vAsI batAyA gayA hai| manusmRti meM licchiviyoM ko vrAtya batalAyA gayA hai| 'mahAparinivvANa sutta' se patA calatA hai ki arhatoM aura caityoM ke anuyAyI vrAtya kahalAte the| DaoN. hAvara ne vrAtyoM ko rudra kA anuyAyI batAyA hai| pAla kArapeNTara (Paul Carpenter) ne vrAtyoM ko Adhunika zaivoM kA pUrvaja tathA atharvaveda ke ukta vrAtya ko rudra ziva batalAyA hai, kintu kItha ne likhA ki atharvaveda ke kANDa 15 se isa bAta kA samarthana nahIM hotA ki vrAtya rudra ziva hai|'. jAyasavAla ne vrAtyoM ko abrAhmaNa kSatriya mAnA hai, jahA~ mahAvIra kA janma huaa| bevara ne vrAtyoM ko bauddha dharma se sambaddha mAnA, kintu vaidika sAhitya aura bauddha dharma ke bIca meM sudIrgha antarAla hai| bauddha dharma jaisA abrAhmaNa dharma jaina dharma hI ho sakatA hai| vrAtya kA sambandha vrata se hai| jaina dharma meM vratoM kAno mahatva hai, vaha Aja kisI bhI brAhmaNettara dharma meM nahIM hai| ata: vrAtya bhramaNazIla jaina sAdhu the, jo uttarakAla meM vajji yA parivrAjaka kahe gaye / vastuta: vrAtya paramparA zramaNa paramparA kA hI apara nAma hai| vaidikavAGgamaya meM vrAtya kA ullekha hai| vrAtya ke sambandha meM hiraNyagarbhazabda ullekhanIya hai| Rgveda ke aneka maMtroM meM vrAtya zabda AyA hai| yajurveda aura taitirIya brAhmaNa meM vrAtya kA artha naramedha kI bali sUcI meM AyA hai| mahAbhArata meM vrAtyoM ko mahApApiyoM meM ginAyA gayA hai|' atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai / vrAtya AsIdIyamAna eva sa prajApati samezyat / ' vrAtya ne apane paryaTana meM prajApati ko zikSA aura preraNA dii| vrAtya ko vidvAnoM meM uttama, mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla aura vizvapUjya mAnA gayA / isa prakAra, 'vrAtya zabda vrata se vyutpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hai vratapuNya kArya meM dIkSita manuSya yA manuSyoM kA samudAya / vrAtyoM ko rudra anuyAyI batAyA ucita nahIM hai / vrAtyoM ko Adhunika zaivoM kA pUrvaja tathA atharvaveda ke ukta vrAtya ko rudra ziva batalAyA thA / ' 1. Rgveda 1-163-8 2. jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra, bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, 4349 3.Rgveda 1-163-8,9-14-2 4. mahAbhArata 5-35-46 5.atharvaveda, kANDa 15 6.jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR31 7. Orientai Jouiral, Geneva, 15, Page 355-368 ... For Private and Personal Use Only

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33 atharvaveda ke AdhAra para e. bI. kItha ne isakA nirAkaraNa kara kahA ki yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vrAtya rudra ziva thA / zvetAzvara upaniSada' meM kahA gayA hai - yo devAtM prabhavazca Dargabhavazca vizvAdhiyo rudro maharSi hiraNyagarbhaM janayAyAsa pUrvam Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yadi vrAtya hiraNyagarma hai, to prazna uThatA hai ki hiraNyagarma kauna vyakti hai| jaina zAstroM meM RSabhadeva ko hiraNyagarbha mAnA hai| prAgaitihAsika yuga: adhizeSa tIrthaMkara prAgaitihAsika kAla ke dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha se lekara ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha aura aitihAsika kAla ke do tIrthaMkaroM bhagavAna ariSTenami aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke kAla ko jainamata ke itihAsa kA pravarddhana kAla kaha sakate haiN| 2. zrI ajitanAtha RSabhadeva ke pazcAt dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha hue| jambUdvIpa mahAvideha kSetra meM sItA nAmaka nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para sulImA nAmaka nagarI thii| isI ke rAjA vimalavAhana agale jIvana meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya mahArAjA jita zatru kI mahArAnI vijayA devI ke garbha meM utpanna huA / mAgha zuklA aSTamI kI mahApunItA rAtri meM rohiNI nakSatra meM putraratna kA janma huaa| rAjA ne kahA, jaba se yaha apanI mAtA ke garbha meM AyA, taba se mujhe koI jIta nahIM sakatA, isaliye yaha ajitanAtha hai / inake bhAI kA nAma sagara kumAra thaa| mahArAjA ajitanAtha kA Adarza zAsana rhaa| ajita ne bar3e bhAI kI taraha sagara kA rAjAbhiSeka kiyaa| mAgha zuklA navamI ke dina rohiNI nakSatra meM ajitanAtha ne svayaM varamAlAoM ko utAra kara dIkSA grahaNa kii| ajitanAtha bAraha varSa taka grAma grAma vicaraNa karate rahe / ApakA nirvANa caitra zuklA paMcamI ko mRgazIrSa nakSatra meM huA / inake anuja sagara ne bhI apane pautra bhagIratha ko rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna kiyA aura bhagavAna ajitanAtha caraNakamaloM meM zramaNa dharma aMgIkAra kiyA / 1. zvetAzvara upaniSada 15-5-1 2. tiloyaNNati, gAthA 526-549 3. caupanna mahApurisa carita pR 72 3. zrI sambhavanAtha bhagavAna ajitanAtha ke bAda tIsare tIrthaMkara zrI sambhavanAtha hue| kSemapurI ke rAjA vipulavAna ne zrAvastI nagarI ke mahArAja jitArI ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM janma liyA / Apane phAlguna zuklA aSTamI ko mRgazira nakSatra meM jitArI ke yahA~ janma liyA / ApakI mAtA kA nAma susenA thA / usa samaya deza kI bhUmi dhanadhAnya se lahalahA uThI, ataH mAtA pitA ne nAma sambhavanAtha rkhaa| inake vivAha ke pazcAt inake pitA pravrajita hue / magasira sudI pUrNimA ko gavbhaye jiNide NihANAiyaM bahuyaM saMbhUyA, jAyabhbhiya rajassa sayalassa vi suhaM saMbhUya ti kaliUNa saMbhavAhihANaM kuNati sAmiNo / For Private and Personal Use Only

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mRgazira nakSatra meM saMyamadharma meM dIkSita hue / caudaha varSoM kI kaThora tapasyA ke pazcAt kArtika kRSNapaMcamI ko zrAvastI nagarI meM mRgazira nakSatra meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| Apa caitra zuklA chaTha ko mRgazira nakSatra meM siddha, mukta aura nivRtta ho gye| 4. zrI abhinandana ___ bhagavAna samnaknAtha ke pazcAta caturtha tIrthaMkara abhinandana hue| pUrvabhava meM mahAbala (samavayAMga sUtra meM dharmasiMha) kA jIva mahArAjA saMvara ke yahAM tIrthaMkara rUpa meM utpanna huaa| mahArAnI siddhArthA ne vaizAla zuklA caturthI ko garbha dhAraNa kiyA, kintu harivaMzapurANa' ke anusAra mAgha zukla 12 ko yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huii| mAtA pitA aura parijanoM meM prasannatA chA gaI isaliye inakA nAma abhinandana rkhaa| inake pitA ne inheM rAjyapada diyA aura svayaM ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa dIkSA ke dUsare dina sAketapurI padhAre / aTThAraha varSoM kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAt pauSa zuklA caturdazI ko abhijita nakSatra meM kevala jJAna kI prApti huii| vaizAkha zuklA aSTamI ko nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 5. zrI sumatinAtha jambUdvIpa ke puSkalAvatI meM Apa mahArAjA vijayasena aura sudarzanA ke putra the| rAjakumAra kA nAma puruSasiMha rakhA gyaa| pitAkIAjJA leke vairAgya prApti ke pazcAt AcArya vijayAnanda ke pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gye| yahI puruSasiMha ayodhyApati mahArAja megha ke yahAM mAtA maMgalAvatI ke garbha se janme sumatinAtha kahalAe / vaizAkha zuklA aSTamI ko madhyarAtri ke samaya maghA nakSatra meM ApakA janma huaa| mahArAja megha ne kahA "mere putra ne ulajhI huI samasyAoM kA hala nikAlA hai, isaliye mere putra kA nAma sumatinAtha rakhA jaay|' pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt Apa vaizAkha zuklA navamI ke dina maghA nakSatra ke samaya muni bana gye| bIsa varSoM kI kaThora tapasyA ke pazcAt caitra zuklA ekAdazI ne dina maghA nakSatra ke samaya Apako kevala jJAna huaa| caitra zuklA navamI ko punarvasu nakSatra meM siddha aura mukta hokara nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 6. zrI padmaprabhu susImA nagarI ke nyAyapriya zAsaka mahArAja aparAjita agale bhava meM kauzAmbI nagarI ke mahArAjAdhara ke yahA~ chaThe tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| Apa mAgha kRSNA SaSTI ke dina citrA nakSatra meM mAtA susImA kI kokha meM garbha dhAraNa kiyA aura kArtika kRSNa dvAdazI ke dina janme / bAlaka ke zarIra kI prabhA padma ke samAna thI, isaliye inakA nAma mahApadma rakhA gyaa| vivAha ke pazcAt kArtika kRSNa trayodazI ke dina dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa cha: mAsa taka kaThora tapasyA karate rahe aura phira caitra sudI pUrNimA ke dina citrA nakSatra meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| 1. harivaMza purANa, gAthA- 169-180, 2. caupanna mahApurisa caritra, pR75 bhagavammi rAgabbhattha kulaM rajaMNagaraM abhiNaMdaha, ti teNa jaNaNi jaNaehiM viyariUaNa guNa niSpha abhiNaMdake ti bAyayamaM kyN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. caupanna mahApurisa carita, pR86 www.kobatirth.org maMgasira vadI ekAdazI ke dina nirvANa prApta kiyA / 7. zrI supArzvanAtha kSemapurI ke mahArAjA naMdisena kA jIva bhAdrapada kRSNA aSTamI ke dina vizAkhA nakSatra meM vArANasI nagarI ke mahArAja pratiSThAsena ke rAnI kI kokha meM sthAna grahaNa kiyA / aura jyeSTha zuklA dvAdazI ko vizAkhA nakSatra meM janma liyaa| nAmakaraNa ke samaya mahArAja pratiSThA sena ne socA ki garbhakAla meM mAtA ke pArzva zobhana rahe, ataH bAlaka kA nAma supArzvanAtha rakhA jAya / vivAha ke pazcAt jyeSTha zuklA trayodazI ko eka hajAra anya rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| navamAsa ke pazcAt phAlguna zuklA SaSTI ko kevala jJAna prApta huA aura phAlguna kRSNa saptamI ko nirvANa pada prApta kiyA / 8. zrI candraprabha svAmI maMgalAvatI nagarI ke mahArAja padma agale bhava meM caitrakRSNa paMcamI ko anurAdhA nakSatra meM candrapurI ke rAjA mahAsena kI rAnI sulakSaNA kI kokha meM garbhadhAraNa kiyA aura pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI dina anurAdhA nakSatra meM janma huaa|' bAlaka kI prabhA caMda ke samAna thI, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma candraprabha rkhaa| pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt pauSa kRSNA trayodazI ko anurAdhA nakSatra meM vidhipUrvaka dIkSA grahaNa kii| tIna mAsa ke pazcAt phAlguna kRSNa saptamI ko kevala jJAna prApta huaa| bhAdrapada kRSNa saptamI ko anurAdhA nakSatra meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyA / 9. zrI suvidhinAtha inheM puSpadaMta bhI kahA jAtA hai| puSkalAvatI vijaya ke bhUpati agale bhava meM kAkandI nagarI ke mahArAja sugrIva aura rAmAdevI ke yahA~ Apa tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ke rUpa meM janme / kA jIva phAlguna kRSNA navamI ko mUla nakSatra meM rAmAdevI kI kokha meM garbha ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| garbhakAla meM mAtA saba vidhiyoM meM kuzala rahI, isaliye inakA nAma suvidhinAtha aura garbhakAla meM mAtA ko puSpa kA dohada utpanna huA, ataH puSpadaMtabhI rakhA gyaa| isa prakAra suvidhi aura puSpadaMta- prabhu ke ye do nAma prakhyAta hue / pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt aura lambe samaya taka rAjya saMcAlana ke pazcAt eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| kArtika zuklA tRtIyA ko mUla nakSatra meM kevala jJAna kI prApti huI aura kRSNA navamI ke dina mUla nakSatra meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| 10. zrI zItalanAtha susImA nagarI ke mahArAja padmottara agale bhava meM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha ke rUpa meM bhagavambha ga gabmagae jaNaNI supAsatti tao bhagavao supAsattiNAmaM kayaM / 2. triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita, 3/6/32 pauSa kRSNa 13 mAnI gaI hai| 3. vahI, pR49-50 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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36 janme / bhaddilapura ke rAjA dRDharatha inake pitA aura nandAdevI inakI mAtA thii| bAlaka ke garbhakAla ke samaya mahArAja dRr3haratha kI bhayaMkara dAha jvara kI pIr3A nandAdevI ke sparzabhAva se zAMta ho gaI , isaliye bAlaka kA nAma zItalanAtha rkhaa| mAtA naMdA ne mAghakRSNA dvAdazI ko pUrvApADhA nakSatra meM putraratna ko janma diyA thaa| mAghakRSNa dvAdazI ko pUrvApADhA nakSatra me dIkSita hue aura pauSakRSNA caturdazI ko pUrvApADhA nakSatra meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| vaisAkha kRSNA tRtIyA ko pUrvApADhA nakSatra ke samaya prabhu ne nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 11. zrI zreyAMsanAtha gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha pUrvabhava meM puNkaradvIpa ke rAjA nalinagulma the| siMhapurI nagarI ke adhinAyaka mahArAja viSNu inake pitA aura mahArAnI viSNu devI inakI mAtA thii| bAlaka ke janma ke samaya rAjaparivAra aura rAja kA zreyakalyANa huA, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma zreyAMsanAtha rkhaa| pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha phAlguna kRSNa trayodazI ko ko zravaNa nakSatra meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce pravrajyA grahaNa kii| mAgha kRSNa amAvasyA ko kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura zrAvaNa kRSNa tRtIyA ko dhaniSThA nakSatra meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| 12. zrI vAsupUjyajI bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya jI pUrvabhava meM puSakarArddha dvIpa ke maMgalAvatI vijaya meM padmottara raajaathe| bhArata kI prasiddha campA nagarI ke pratApI rAjA inake pitA aura jayAdevI mAtA thii| jyeSTha zuklA navamI ko zatabhiSA nakSatra meM padmottara ke jIva ne garbha meM sthAnagrahaNa kiyA aura phAlguna kRSNA caturdazI ke dina zatAbhiSA nakSatra meM inakA janma huaa| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya avivAhita mAne gaye haiM, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke "caupanna mahApurisa cariyaM' meM vivAha evaM rAjyapAlana ke pazcAt dIkSA grahaNa kii| mAgha zuklA dvitIyA ko zatAbhiSA nakSatra ke samaya kevala jJAna kI prApti huI aura ASAr3ha zuklA trayodazI ko uttarA bhAdrapada nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 13. zrI vimalanAtha jI terahaveM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha apane pUrvabhava meM mahApurI nagarI ke padmasena the| padmasena kA jIva vaizAkha zuklA dvAdazI ko uttarAbhAdra nakSatra meM mAtA zyAmA kI kukSi meM utpanna huaa| mahArAja kRtavarmA kapilapura ke mahArAjA the aura unakI mahArAnI thI shyaamaa| mAgha zuklA tRtIyA ko uttarAbhAdrapada meM vimalanAtha kA janma huaa| bAlaka ke garbha meM rahate samaya mAtA mana se nirmala rahI, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma vimalanAtha rakhA gyaa|' pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt mAgha zuklA caturthI kI uttarAbhAdrapada nakSatra meM vimalanAtha dIkSita hue| bhagavAna vimalanAtha ne ASAr3ha kRSNa saptamI ko 1. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritta, pR47 2. vahI, pR86 3. caupanna mahApurisacarita, pR 104 4.triSaSTi zlAkA puruSa caritta, pR48 For Private and Personal Use Only

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37 puSya nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 14. zrI anantanAtha caudahaveM tIrthaMkara ananta nAtha pUrvabhava meM ariSTAnagarI ke mahArAja padmaratha the| padmaratha ke jIva ne zrAvaNa kRSNA saptamI ko revatI nakSatra meM mAtA suyazA kI kukSi meM sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| inake pitA ayodhyA ke mahArAja siMhasena the| inakA janma vaisAkha kRSNA trayodazI ko revatI nakSatra ke samaya huaa| mahArAja siMhasena ne mAnA "bAlaka kI garbhAvasthA ke samaya maiMne utkaTa apAra zatru sainya para vijaya prApta kI, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma anantanAtha rakhA jaay|''| 'pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha vaisAkha kRSNA caturdazI ko revatI nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura caitra zuklA paMcamI ko revatI nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 15. zrI dharmanAtha pandrahaveM tIrthaMkara zrI dharmanAtha pUrvakarma se bhaddilapura ke mahArAja siMharatha the, jinhoMne vaisAkha zuklA saptamI ko puSya nakSatra meM ratnapura ke mahArAja bhAnu kI mahArAnI suvratA ke garbha meM sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| pitA ne kahA, "bAlaka ke rahate mAtA kI bhAvanA sadA dharmamaya rahI, ata: bAlaka kA nAma dharmanAtha rakhA jAtA hai| pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt mAgha zuklA trayodazI ko puSya nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura pauSa zuklA pUrNimA ke dina kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha ne nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 16. zrI zAMtinAtha solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha pUrvabhava meM ratnasaMcayA nagarI ke mahArAja megharatha the| bhAdrapada kRSNA saptamI ko bharaNI nakSatra meM hastinApura ke mahArAja vizvasena kI mahArAnI kI kukSi ke garbha meM sthAna grahaNa kiyA aura jyeSTha kRSNAtrayodazI ko bharaNI nakSatra meM janma huaa| mahArAnI acirAdevI ke garbha meM prabhu kA Agamana hote hI mahAmArI kA bhayaMkara prakopa zAMta ho gayA, ata: bAlaka kA nAma zAMtinAtha rakhA gyaa| vivAha ke pazcAt Apane cakravartI pada se sampUrNa bhAratavarSa para zAsana kiyA aura eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha kRSNA caturdazI ke dina bharaNI nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apako kevala jJAna kI prApti pauSa zuklA navamI ko bharaNI nakSatra meM huI aura jyeSTha kRSNA trayodazI ko bharaNI nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 17. zrI kuMthunAtha jI satrahaveM tIrthaMkara pUrva bhava meM khaDagI nagarI ke mahArAja siMhAvata the| siMhAvata ke jIva ne mahArAnI zrIdevI kI kukSi meM zrAvaNa vadI navamI ko kRtikA nakSatra meM garbha rUpa meM sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| vaisAkha zuklA caturdazI ko kRtikA nakSatra meM prabhu ne janma liyaa| 1. caupanna mahApurisa carita, pR 129 2. triSaSTi zalAkA puriSa carita, pR49 3. caupanna mahApurisa carita, pR 150 For Private and Personal Use Only

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38 mahArAja vasusena ne kahA, garbha samaya meM bAlaka kI mAtA ne kuMthu nAma ke ratnoM kI rAzi dekhI, ata: bAlaka kA nAma kuMthunAtha rakhA jAtA hai|' vaisAkha kRSNa paMcamI ko kRtikA nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura caitrazuklA tRtIyA ko kRtikA ke yoga meM kevala jJAna kI prApti huii| vaisAkha kRSNa pratipadA ko kRtikA nakSatra meM prabhu ne nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 18. zrI aranAtha ___ aTThArahaveM tIrthaMkara aranAtha pUrvabhava meM susImA nagarI ke mahArAja dhanapati the| dhanapati kA jIva hastinApura ke mahArAja sudarzana kIrAnI mahAdevI kI kukSi meM phAlguna zuklA dvitIyA ko garbharUpa meM utpanna huA aura mArgazIrSa zuklA dazamI ko revatI nakSatra meM janma liyaa| garbhakAla meM mAtA ne bahumUlya ratnamaya cakra ke ara ko dekhA isaliye bAlaka kA nAma aranAtha rakhA gyaa| pANigrahaNa aura rAjyabhoga ke pazcAt mArgazIrSa zuklA ekAdazI ko revatI nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kArtika zuklA dvAdazI ko revatI nakSatra meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| prabhu ne mArgazIrSa zuklA dazamI ko revatI nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 19. zrI mallinAtha bhagavAna mallinAtha kA jIva tIsare bhava se mahAvideha kSetra kA mahArAjA mahAbala thaa| mithilA ke mahArAjA kumbha kI mahArAnI prabhAvatI devI kI kukSi meM mallinAtha ne garbha rUpa meM sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| mArgazIrSa zuklA ekAdazI kI madhyarAtri ko azvinI nakSatra kA yoga hone para bAlikA malli kA janma huaa| arhata malli ne pauSa mAsa kI zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ke dina azvinI nakSatra ke yoga ke samaya, tIna sau mahilAoM aura ATha rAjakumAroM- naMda, naMdimitra, sumitra, balamitra, bhAnumitra, amarapati, amarasena aura mahAsena ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| prabhu ko pauSa zuklA ekAdazI ko kevala jJAna kI prApti huI aura caitra zuklA cautha kI ardharAtri ko nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 20. zrI munisuvrata jI bIsaveM tIrthaMkara muni suvrata pUrvabhava meM campA nagarI ke mahArAja surazreSTha the| surazreSTha ke jIva ne rAjagRhI kI mahArAnI padmAvatI kI kokha meM zrAvaNa zuklA pUrNimA ko zrAvaNa nakSatra meM sthAna grahaNa kiyA aura jyeSTha kRSNA navamI ke dina zrAvaNa nakSatra meM putrarUpa meM janma liyaa| garbha ke samaya mAtA muni rUpa meM vratapAlatI rahI, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma muni suvrata rakhA gyaa| vivAha ke pazcAt phAlguna kRSNA aSTamI ke dina zravaNa nakSatra meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| phAlguna kRSNA dvAdazI ke dina prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI aura jyeSTha kRSNA navamI ke dina azvinI nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra maryAdA purUSottama rAma munisuvrata ke samakAlIna the| 1. caupanna mahApurisa carita, pR152 2. vahI, pR 153 For Private and Personal Use Only

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39 aitihAsika kAla ke tIrthaMkara 21. zrI neminAtha ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIva pUrvabhava meM kozAmbI nagarI ke rAjA siddhArtha the| Azvina zuklA pUrNimA ke dina azvinI nakSatra meM rAjA siddhArtha ke jIva ne mithilA nagarI ke rAjA mahArAja vijava kI mahArAnI vaprA ke garbha meM utpanna huA aura zrAvaNa kRSNa aSTamI ko azvinI nakSatra meM putra rUpa meM janma liyaa| jaba bAlaka garbha meM thA, taba zatruoM ne rAjA vijaya ke samakSa namana kiyA thA, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma neminAtha rakhA gyaa|' pANigrahaNa ke pazcAt aSADha kRSNa navamI ko dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mRgazira kRSNA ekAdazI ko kevalajJAna prApta kara arihaMta khlaae| vaisAkha kRSNa dazamI ko azvinI nakSatra meM prabhu ne nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| 22. zrI ariSTanemi ___ bhagavAna zrI ariSTanemi ne hastinApura ke pUrva bhUpati zrISeNa kI bhAryA mahArAnI zrImatI ne zaMkhakumAra ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura tIrthaMkara pada kI yogyatA kA sampAdana kiyaa| mahArAja zaMkha kA jIva kArtika kRSNA 12 ke citrA nakSatra ke yoga meM mahArAja dharmazIlA kI mahArAnI zivAdevI ke kukSi meM garbha rUpa meM utpanna huaa| zrAvaNa zuklA paMcamI ke dina citrA nakSatra ke yoga meM ariSTanemi kA janma huaa| inake pitA ke anusAra "bAlaka ke garbhakAla ke samaya hama saba prakAra ke kaSToM se bace aura mAtA ne ariSTa ratnamaya cakranemi kA darzana kiyA, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma "ariSTanemi' rakhA gayA hai|" samudra vijaya harivaMzIya rAjA the| bIsaveM tIrthaMkara muni suvrata bhI isI prazasta harivaMza meM hue the| harivaMzIya mahArAja zauri se aMdhika vRSNi aura yogavRSNi do parAkramI putra utpanna hue| andhika vRSNi ke dasa putra hue- samudra vijaya, akSoma, stabhimita, sAgara, himavAna, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicaMda aura vasudeva / samudra vijaya sabase bar3e aura vasudeva sabase choTe the| samudra vijaya ke putra the ariSTanemi aura vasudeva ke shriikRssnn| ariSTanemi ke vivAha kA Ayojana kiyA gayA, kintu virakta ariSTanemi ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke 54 dina pazcAt Azvina kRSNa amAvasyA kI citrA nakSatra meM prabhu ko kevala jJAna kI prApti huI aura ASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ko citrA nakSatra ke yoga ke samaya nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| Adhunika itihAsakAra aba taka kevala bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hI aitihAsika puruSa mAnate rahe, kintu anusaMdhAnoM se yaha pramANita ho gayA hai ki ariSTanemi bhI aitihAsika puruSa the| prasiddha kozakAra DA. narendranAtha vasu, purAtatvajJa phuharra, pro vAraneTa, karnala TADa, DA. harisana, DA. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra aura DA. rAdhAkRSNana Adi vijJa vidvAnoM ne dhAraNA vyakta kI hai ki ariSTanemi eka aitihAsika puruSa rahe haiN| 'Rgveda' meM ariSTanemizabda bAra bAra AyA hai| 'mahAbhArata' ke zAMtiparva meM ariSTanemi 1. caupanna purisa carita, pR177 2. Avazyaka cUrNikA, uttarArddha, pR3 3. AcArya hastImalajI. jainadharma kA vRhad itihAsa-tIrthaMkarakhaNDa,1429 For Private and Personal Use Only

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40 kA ullekha hai| Rgveda ke atirikta anyAnya graMthoM meM bhI ariSTanemi kA ullekha huA hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki kRSNa ghora AMgirasa RSi ke ziSya the| dharmAnanda kozAmbI ne ghora AMgirasa ko ariSTanemi yA neminAtha mAnA hai| yajurveda ke anusAra adhyAtma ko prakaTa karane vAle saMsAra ke saba jIvoM ko saba prakAra ke yathArtha upadeza dene vAle aura jinake upadeza se jIvoM kI AtmA balavAna hotI hai, una sarvajJa ariSTanemi ke liye Ahuti samarpita hai| isake atirikta atharvaveda ke mANDUkya prazna aura muNDaka meM bhI ariSTanemi kA nAma AyA hai| 'mahAbhArata' ke viSNu ke sahasra nAmoM meM 'zUra: zaurirjanezvara' pada vyavahRta huA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa aura usake cacere bhAI kA vaMza paricaya diyA hai| ___ mahArAja yadu sahasrada payoda payoda koSTA nIla aMjika mAdrika patnI se yudhAjita devamIDhuSa sahasrada nIla vRSNi andhaka vasudeva adisaputra svaphalka citraka devakI se zrIkRSNa 12 putra pRthu vipRthu azvagrIva supArzvaka gaveSaNa ariSTanemi azvasudharmA dharmaghRta subAhu bahubAhu vaidika paramparA ke mAnya graMtha 'harivaMza purANa' meM diye gaye yAdava vaMza ke varNana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki zrIkRSNa aura ariSTanemi cacere bhAI the aura donoM ke paradAdA yudhAjita aura devabhIduSa sahodara the| jaina paramparA meM ariSTanemi ke pitA samudravijaya ko vasudeva kA bar3A sahodara mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki citraka samudra vijaya kA hI apara nAma ho| ____ ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa donoM kA janma yadakula meM huaa| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra zrIkRSNa bAIsaveM jaina tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| unake prapitAmaha kA nAma zUra thA aura pitAmaha kA nAma thA andhika vRssnni| zUra ne mathurA ke nikaTa sauripura nAmaka nagara kI sthApanA kI thii| sauripura nareza andhaka vRSNi ke dasaputra the| unameM se sabase bar3e putra kA nAma samudravijaya thaa| andhikavRSNi ne apane bar3e putra samudravijaya ko rAjya dekara jina dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| unake sabase choTe putra kA nAma vAsudeva thaa| vaha apane bar3e bhAI samudravijaya ke anuzAsana meM rahatA thA 1. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, pR 288 2. jaina dharma kA vRhada itihAsa, tIrthaMkara khaNDa, pR429 3. yajurveda saMhitA a. 9, ma. 25 (sAtavalekara saMskaraNa, vi.sa. 1984) vAjasyanuprasava babhUve mA ca vizvA bhuvanAti sarvama:. sa nemirAjA, pariyAti vidvAna prajA puSTi vardhamAno asmai svaahaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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41 aura aneka kalAoM kA pAraMgata thaa| vAsudeva ke sambandha meM zikAyata milane para samudravijaya ne use mahala se nikalane para Toka lagA dI, kintu vaha ghUmatA ghUmatA kaMsa se milaa| kaMsa ugrasena kA putra thaa| eka bAra jarAsaMdha ne samudravijaya ko apane zatru para AkramaNa karane kI AjJA dii| samudravijaya ne kaMsa ke sAtha vAsudeva kI adhInatA meM eka senA bhejii| jarAsaMdha ne prasanna hokara vAsudeva ko mathurA rAjya aura apanI putrI denI cAhI, kintu vasudeva ne asvIkAra kara diyA aura kaMsa ko usa pAritoSika kA adhikArI btaayaa| jarAsaMdha ne kaMsa ke sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha karake use mathurA rAjya de diyaa| jaina purANoM ke anusAra sauripura meM samudravijaya ke yahA~ ariSTanemi nAma kA putra huaa| usase prathama samudravijaya ke laghubhrAtA vasudeva se vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kA janma ho cukA thaa| 'ariSTanemi nivRttimArgI' the aura zrIkRSNa prvRttimaargii| ariSTanemi ne hI bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki "Aja se bArahaveM varSa meM madyapAna ke nimitta meM dvIpAyana muni ke krodha se dvArakApurI kA vinAza hogA aura vana meM sote hue zrI kRSNa kA anta jarat rAjakumAra ke nimitta se hogaa|" chAndogya upaniSada ke anusAra devakI putra zrIkRSNa ko ghora AMgirasa kA ziSya mAnA gayA hai| AMgirasa RSi ne devakI putra zrIkRSNa ko kucha naitika tatvoM kA upadeza diyA, jisameM ahiMsA bhI hai / upaniSadoM ne yahIM se ahiMsA tatva grahaNa kiyaa| zrI dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne ghora AMgirasa ke ariSTanemi hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai, kyoMki jaina graMthakAroM ke anusAra zrI kRSNa ke guru neminAtha tIrthaMkara the| ___ 'atharvaveda', 'praznopaniSada' aura muNDaka upaniSadoM meM ariSTanemi kA nAma AyA hai| 'mahAbhArata' meM kahA gayA hai __kAlanemi mahA vIraH zUraH shaurijneshvrH|| AgarA jile meM baTezvara ke pAsa zauripura nAmaka sthAna hai| prArambha meM yahI yAdavoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| jarAsaMdha ke bhaya se yAdava loga yahIM se bhAgakara dvArikApurI meM jA base the| yahIM para ariSTanemi kA janma huA, isaliye unheM zauri bhI kahA gayA hai khetAdro jino nermiyugAdirvimalacale / RSiNAmAzramAdeva muktimArgara ya kaarnnm|| 'skandapurANa' meM ariSTanemi kA ullekhakara unheM mokSamArga kA kAraka batAyA gayA hai| bhavasya pazcime bhAge vAmanena tapaH kRtam / tanaiva tapasAkRSTaH zivaH pratyakSataH gataH // padmAsanaH samAsIna zyAmamUrti digambaraH / neminAthaH zivo'yaitaM nAma cakre'sya vAmanaH // kalikAle mahAghore sarvapApa prakAzakaH / darzanAth sparzAnAdeva koTi yajJa phala pradaH // 1. mahAbhArata: anuzAsanaparva, 82 For Private and Personal Use Only

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42 __ arthAta janma ke pichale bhAga meM vAmana ne tapa kiyaa| usa tapa ke prabhAva ziva ne vAmana ko darzana diye / ve ziva, zyAmavarNa, nagna digambara aura padmAsana se sthita the| vAmana ne unakA nAma naminAtha rkhaa| yaha naminAtha isa ghora kalikAla meM saba pApoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai| usake darzana aura sparzana se karor3oM yajJoM kA phala hotA hai| ___ jaina mAnyatA naminAtha ko kRSNavarNa mAnatI hai aura unakI mUrti bhI anya jaina mUrtiyoM ke samAna digambara aura padmAsana meM sthita hotI hai| ata: aisA pratIta hotA hai ki padmAsana rUpa jaina mUrti ko ziva kI saMjJA de dI gaI hai|' brAhmaNoM ko aneka purAnI vaidika rItiyoM ko tyAganA pdd'aa| jAna par3atA hai naminAtha kI mUrti kI ziva ke rUpa meM upAsanA usI kA phala hai| Aja bhI badrInAtha meM jaina mUrti badrIvizAla ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI hai| isa prakAra bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara naminAtha yA ariSTanemi jaina paramparA ke aitihAsika tIrthaMkara haiN| 23. zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ariSTanemi (neminAtha) ke pazcAta teIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha hue| Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra se 250 varSa pUrva hue| aitihAsika yuga IsA pUrva nauvI zatAbdI ke madhya prArambha hotA hai, jaba kAzI ke rAjA azvasena ke ghara teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ne janma liyaa| kauzala aura videha ke sAtha kAzI ko bhI prAdhAnya uttaravaidika kAla meM milA thaa| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se 278 varSa pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA janma kAzI meM huA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma IsvI pUrva 599 meM huA, ata: bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA janma IsvI pUrva 877 meM huaa| bhagavAna pArzva ne apane AThaveM bhava meM svarNabAhu ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara pada prApta karane kI yogyatA arjita kii| caitrakRSNa caturthI ke dina vizAkhA nakSatra meM svarNabAhu kA jIva vArANasI ke mahArAjA azvasena kI mahArAnI vAmA kI kukSi meM garbha rUpa meM utpanna huaa| AcArya muNDaka ne 'uttara purANa' aura puSpadanta ne 'mahApurANa' meM pitA kA nAma vizvasena aura mAtA kA nAma brAhmI likhA hai| devaguptasUri ke "pArzvanAtha caritra' aura 'triSaSTi zlAkA kA purisa' meM azvasena ke gotra ko ikSvAkuvaMzI batalAyA hai| 'tiloyapaNNatI' meM ApakA vaMza ugravaMza batalAyA hai| puSpadaMta ne pArzva ke vaMza ko ugravaMzIya batalAyA hai| isa prakAra digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ugravaMzI the, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra ikssvaakuvNshii| RSabhadeva ikSvAkuvaMzI the, isaliye yaha mAnA jA rahA hai ki ugravaMza bhI ikSvAkuvaMza kI eka zAkhA hI honA caahiye| sambhava hai ki ugrasena se hI kAzI meM ugravaMzI rAjya kI sthApanA huI ho| 'viSNupurANa' aura 'vAyupurANa' meM kAzirAja brahmadatta ke uttarAdhikArI ko yogasena, vizvakasena aura jhallATa batalAyA hai| 1.paM. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR 173 2. mahApurANa, 94-4-23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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43 DA. bhaNDArakara ne purANoM ke vizvakasena aura jAtakoM ke vissasena, purANoM ke udakasena aura jAtakoM ke udayamaha ko eka hI batalAyA hai| DA. rAya caudharI ke anusAra bhAratavaMza kA sthAna eka naye vaMza ne liyA, jisakA vaMzanAma brahmadatta thA / hArIta kRSNadeva ne brahmadatta ko vaMzanAtha mAnA hai / 'mahAbhArata' meM 100 brahmadattoM kA nirdeza hai| jAtaka meM kAzIrAja brahmadatta ke yuvarAja soTThIsena ko 'videha putra' kahA hai|' Ajakala ke itihAsakAra pArzva ko uraga yA nAgavaMzI bhI kahate haiM / caudharI ne kumbhakAra jAtaka ke ullekhAnusAra uttara pAMcAla kA rAjA dummukha, liMga kA rAjA karaNDu, gAMdhAra kA rAjA nagajita (nagnajita) aura videha kA rAjA nAbhi, ye saba samakAlIna the / 2 'jaina uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ina sabako jainadharma kA anuyAyI mAnA hai| DA. rAya 12 caudharI ne ina rAjAoM ke samaya ko 777 I. pU. aura 543 I. pU. ke bIca rakhA hai, kyoMki yaha sabhI mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI the / ina rAjAoM kA nirdeza aitareya brAhmaNa' aura zatapatha brAhmaNa' meM bhI milatA hai| DA. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaina sAhitya meM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena yA assaseNa batalAyA hai| yaha nAma na to hindU purANoM meM milatA hai aura na jAtakoM meM milatA hai| gata zatAbdI meM race pArzvanAtha pUjana meM inake pitA kA nAma vissasena rakhA hai- "tahA~ vissasena narendra udAra / ' DA. bhaNDArakara ne jAtakoM ke AdhAra para brahmadatta ke atirikta vArANasI ke cha rAjA batalAe haiM- uggasena, dhanaMjaya, mahAsIlava, saMyama, vissasena, udayabhaTTa / isa prakAra jAtakoM ke vissaseNa aura purANoM ke vizvakasena ke sAtha isakI ekarUpatA baiThatI hai / pArzvanAtha ne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA lI, taba eka bAra eka nAga yugala ko pIr3ita dekhA, pArzvanAtha ne unheM bacAyA aura dharmopadeza diyaa| isase yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAlA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke vaMza kA nAgajAti ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa sambandha thA / nAmakaraNa ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki inake pitA azvasena ke anusAra "bAlaka ke garbhastha rahate samaya inakI mAtA ne aMdherI rAtri meM pAsa (pArzva) meM calate hue sarpa ko dekhakara mujhe sUcita kiyA aura apanI prANahAni se mujhe bacAyA, ataH isa bAlaka kA nAma pArzvanAtha rakhanA cAhiye / '' zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke kucha pramukha graMthoM meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki vAsupUjya, mallI, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kumAra avasthA meM dIkSita hue, isI AdhAra para digambara paramparA inheM avivAhita mAnatI hai| zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai ki tIsa varSa taka gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI pArzva kAma bhoga meM Asakta nahIM hue| Apako caitrakRSNa caturthI ke vizAkhA nakSatra meM caMdra ke yoga ke samaya kevala jJAna 4. zatapatha brAhmaNa 81-4-10 5. triSaSTi zalAkA purisa carita 9-3-45 1. Dr. R. Chaudhary, Political History of Ancient India, Page 64. 2. vahI, Page 124 3. aitareya brAhmaNa 7-34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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utpanna huaa| lagabhaga 70 varSa taka vihAra karate hue pArzvanAtha ne jainamata kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura zrAvaNa zuklA aSTamI ko vizAkhA nakSatra meM candra kA yoga hone para nirvANa prApta kiyaa| "pAsanAtha cariUM ke anusAra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke nimnAMkita gaNadhara the1. zubhadatta 2. AryaghoSa 3. vaziSTha 4. Arya brahma 5. soma 6. AryazrIdhara 7. vArisena 8. bhadrayaza 9. jaya 10. vijaya kyA zramaNa paramparA kI nIMva RSabhadeva ne DAlI? harmana jekovI ne mAnA hai ki buddha ke pUrva nigraMtha sampradAya vidyamAna thaa| Adhunika itihAsakAra bhagavAna pArzva ko nigraMtha sampradAya kA pravartaka mAnate haiN| DA. harmana jekobI ke anusAra "yaha pramANita karane ke liye koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the| vAstava meM nigraMtha dharma kA pravartana pArzvanAtha se bhI pahale kA hai| jaina paramparA RSabha ko prathama tIrthaMkara Adi saMsthApaka mAnane meM ekamata hai|" bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI vANI meM karuNA, madhuratA aura zAMti kI triveNI eka sAtha pravAhita hotI thii| unake upadezoM kA prabhAva vaidika RSi pippalAda, muNDaka sampradAya ke bhAradvAja RSi, uttara vaidika kAlIna RSi naciketA aura vaidika kriyAkANDa ke kaTTara virodhI ajita keza kambala Adi para spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| pippalAda ke anusAra prANa yA cetanA jaba zarIra se pRthaka ho jAtI hai, taba zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai| muNDaka sampradAya ke tApasa sira muMDAkara bhikSA mA~gate the| naciketAzItajala meM jIva mAnate the| buddha para bhI pArzvamata kA prabhAva pdd'aa| pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma kA sAnniveza buddha ke zIla skandha meM hai pArzvanAtha kI vANI kA aisA prabhAva thA ki unase bar3e-bar3e rAjA mahArAjA bhI prabhAvita hue binA na raha ske| kaliMga ke zaktizAlI rAjA karakuMDa, pAMcAla nareza durmukha yA dvimukha, vidarbha nareza bhIma, gAndhAra nareza nAgajita yA nAgAti bhI tIrthaMkara pArzva ke samasAmayika nareza the| pArzvanAtha zramaNa paramparA ke anuyAyI the| jaina sAhitya meM pA~ca prakAra ke zramaNa batalAe gaye haiM- nigraMtha, zAkya, tApasa, rauruka aura aajiivk| jaina sAdhuoM ko nigraMtha zramaNa kahate haiN| DA. yAkobI ne yaha pramANita kiyA thA ki buddha ke pahale nigraMtha sampradAya thaa| mahAvIra ke pUrva isa nigraMtha sampradAya kA netRtva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kiyaa| Adhunika itihAsakAroM ke anusAra vahI nigraMtha sampradAya ke pravartaka the| pArzvanAtha cAturyAma- sarva prakAra ke prANaghAta kA tyAga (ahiMsA) saba prakAra ke asatyavacana kA tyAga, sarvaprakAra ke adattAdAna (bikI huI vastu grahaNa) kA tyAga, aura saba prakAra kI parigraha kA tyAga dharma kI sthApanA kI thii| 1. Indian Antiquary, Vol IX, Page 163 But there is nothing to prove that Parsve was founder of Jainism. Jain tradition is unanimous in making Rishab, the first Tirthankara, as the founder. For Private and Personal Use Only

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45 bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pravartita jaina darzana ke siddhAnta kevala mahAvIra kI hI dena nahIM hai, vaha pArzvanAtha kI bhI dena hai| isa taraha kA vibhAgIkaraNa karanA ucita nahIM hai| vastuta: dArzanika cintana kA uhApoha upaniSadoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki upaniSada bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke pUrva ke nahIM hai| usa kAla se hI unakA praNayana prArambha huA thaa| bahuta se vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki prAcInatama upaniSadoM ko IsvI pUrva 600 se pUrva nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| DA. vinTaranITsa ne unheM IsvI pUrva 750-500 ke madhya rakhA hai|' na kevala jaina sAhitya se kintu bauddha sAhitya se bhI pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsika pramANita hotI hai| DA. yAkobI ke anusAra, yadi jaina aura bauddha sampradAya ekasA prAcIna hote , jaisA ki buddha aura mahAvIra kI samakAlInatA tathA donoM sampradAyoM kA saMsthApaka mAnane se anumAna hai ki aisA upadeza kisI vaidika RSi kA nahIM ho sktaa| dharmAnanda kozAmbI ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha para 'pArzvanAtha kA cAra yAma' nAmaka pustaka likhakara apanI zraddhAMjali prastuta kI hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ahiMsaka krAMti ke agradUta haiN| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzva aitihAsika puruSa haiN| unakA tIrtha pravartana bhagavAna mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya taka unakI paramparA avicchitra thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhagavAna pArzva ke anuyAyI the / ahiMsA aura satya kI sAdhanA ko samAjavyApI banAne kA zreya bhagavAna pArzva ko hai| bhagavAna pArzva ahiMsaka paramparA ke unnayana dvArA atyanta lokapriya ho gaye the| mejara janarala phalga ke anusAra ""usa kAla meM sampUrNa bhArata meM eka aisA ati vyavasthita, dArzanika, sadAcAra evaM tapa pradhAna dharma arthAt jainadharma avyavasthita thA, jisake AdhAra se hI brAhmaNa evaM bauddhAdidharma sanyAsa bAda meM vikasita hue| DA. harmana jaikobI ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko aitihAsika puruSa svIkAra kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI bhUmikA meM DA. cArla zArpaTiyara ne likhA, "jainadharma nizcita rUpeNa mahAvIra se prAcIna hai| unake prakhyAta pUrvagAmI pArzva prAyaH nizcita rUpeNa eka vAstavika vyakti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna raha cuke haiM, evaM pariNAmasvarUpa mUla siddhAntoM kI mukhya bAteM mahAvIra se bahuta pahale sUtrarUpa dhAraNa kara cukI hoNgii|" 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR203 2. harivaMzapurAya, parva 1, adhyAya 33 3. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina paramparA kA itihAsa, 119 4. DA. jyotiprasAda, bhAratIya itihAsa, eka dRSTi, pR149 . 5. The Sacred Books of the East, Vol XIV Int Page 21 "That Parsva as a historical person is now admitted by all." 6. The Unttaradhyayane Sutras, Introduction, Page 21 We ought to remember both, the Jain religion is certainly older than Mahaveer, his reputed predecessor Parsva having almost certainly existed as a real person, and that subsequently, the main points of original doctrive may have been codified long before Mahavira. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 46 www.kobatirth.org bhagavAna pArzvanAtha nissaMdeha aitihAsika puruSa the, yaha Aja aitihAsika tathyoM se asaMdigdha rUpa meM pramANita ho cukA hai| jaina sAhitya hI nahIM, bauddha sAhitya se bhI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA pramANita hai|' Adhunika itihAsakAra pArzvanAtha ko nirgratha sampradAya pravartaka mAnate haiM / vastutaH nirgratha paramparA pArzvanAtha ke pahale hI vidyamAna thI / DA. harmana jaikobI ke anusAra yaha pramANita karane ke liye koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the / jaina paramparA RSabha ko prathama tIrthaMkara (Adi saMsthApaka) mAnane meM sarvasammati se ekamata hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM kI lambI paramparA thii| zvetAmbarI jainAgamoM meM aneka vyaktiyoM ko "pAsAvAcccijja' kahA gayA hai| isakA saMskRta rupa pArzvatatyIya hai / isakA artha hai - pArzvasvAmI ke ziSya / 'AcarAMga sUtra' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha pArzvapatyIya zramaNopAsaka aura mAtA trizalA ko pArzvApatyIya zramaNopAsakA likhA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma dharma- hiMsA kA tyAga, asatya kA tyAga, . caurya tyAga aura parigraha ke tyAga ke sAtha inakI vANI meM karuNA, madhuratA aura zAnti kI triveNI eka sAtha pravAhita hotI thI / pariNAmata: jana jana ke mana para unakI vANI kA maMgalakArI prabhAva par3A, jisase hajAroM nahIM lAkhoM loga unake ananya bhakta bana gye| 2 eka mAnya vaidika RSi pippalAda, prakhyAta brAhmaNa RSi bharadvAja, upaniSadakAlIna vaidika RSi naciketA, vaidika kriyAkANDa ke virodhI ajita keza kambala - saba para pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva pdd'aa| usa samaya samasta vrAtya kSatriya saba jainadharma ke upAsaka the / pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM pArzvanAtha hI iSTadeva mAne jAte the / pUrva mahAvIra yuga meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jainamata kA pravartana kiyA, kintu dUsare tIrthaMkara se lekara bAIsaveM aura teIsaveM tIrthaMkara - ariSTanemi aura pArzvanAtha taka ke yuga ko hama jainamata kA pravarddhanakAla kaha sakate haiN| ariSTanemi aura pArzvanAtha ne zramaNa paramparA ke pravarddhana meM yoga dekara jainamata ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi nirmita kii| 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR499 2. vahI, pR 503 3. vahI, pR 507 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(2) mahAvIra yuga: jainamata kA vikAsakAla jainamata ke pravartanakAla aura pravarddhanakAla ke pazcAt caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga ko jainamata kA vikAsakAla kaha sakate haiN| Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha deva se lekara teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ne zramaNa paramparA ke dvArA isa deza meM dhArmika krAMti kA sUtrapAta kiyA, kintu mahAvIra ne jainamata meM dhArmika krAMti ke sAtha AdhyAtmika krAMti kA udghoSa kiyaa| jainamata ke itihAsa meM mahAvIra kA avadAna yugAntakArI rahA aura ve eka aise milana bindu para khar3e the, jahA~ eka yuga kA paTAkSepa ho rahA thA aura eka nayA yuga janma le cukA thaa| mahAvIra yuga kA prasAra prathama zrutakevali bhadrabAhu ke samaya taka hai, kyoMki bhadrabAhu ke sAtha mahAvIra ke akhaNDa jinazAsana kA anta huA aura vaha zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra bauddha piTakoM meM nirdiSTa nigaMTha' nATaputra hI jainoM ke aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiN| 'nigaMTha nATaputra' nigraMthoM ke bar3e bhArI saMgha ke adhipati the, yaha bauddha piTakoM ke ullekhoM se spaSTa hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra mahAvIra kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma ke rAjA siddhArtha ke putra the| digambara paramparA ke anusAra siddhArtha nAthavaMza yA NAha vaMza ke kSatriya the aura zvetAmbarI paramparA ke anusAra NAyakula ke the| inheM NAyakulacaMda aura NAyaputra kahA hai|' rAhula sAMkRtyAvana ne nATaputra kA artha jJAtRputra aura nAthaputra donoM kiyA hai| bevara ke anusAra "yaha anumAna karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai ki nigaMThoM yA nigraMthoM ke pramukha nATaputra yA jJAtiputra aura jJAtavaMza ke uttarAdhikArI evaM nigraMtha athavA jaina sampradAya ke aMtima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna eka hI RSi haiN|" bauddha bAra bAra kahate haiM ki nigaMTha nATaputra apane ko aha~ta kahate aura sarvajJa mAnate haiN| buddha kA pratidvandvI bar3A prabhAvazAlI evaM khataranAka thA tathA buddha ke samaya meM hI usakA dharma phaila cukA thaa|" bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma meM huA, yaha donoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya hai| 'AcarAMga sUtra' meM kuNDagrAma ko eka sanniveza kahA hai| satriveza kA artha hai, nagara ke bAhara kA prdesh| AcarAMga sUtra ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ko nAtha yA jJAtRkula ke aura videha deza mAnA hai nAe nATaputra nAthakula nivvate videhe videhajacce sUmAlai tIsaM vAsaI videhaM sitti kaTu AgAra majjhe vsittaa| 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaisAliya (vaizAlika) kahA hai| vaizAliya kahane ke tIna abhiprAya haiM - unakI mAtA vizAlAthI, ve vizAla kula meM utpanna hue the tathA unake 1. paM. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR43 2. Bevar, Indian Sect of the Jains Page 29, 36 3. AcarAMgasUtra, 2/3/399 4. vahI, 2/3/402 5. sUtra kRtAMga, 1/2/3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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48 vacana vizAla the| DA. yAkobI ke anusAra vaizAlika kA artha spaSTa rUpa se vaizAlIvAsI hotA hai aura jaba kuNDagrAma vaizAlI kA bAhyabhAga thA, to mahAvIra ko vaizAlika kahanA ucita hI hai| __DA. yAkobI ke anusAra bauddha graMtha 'mahAvagga' meM hama paDhate haiM ki jaba buddha koTiggAna meM the, to rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ke ticchavI aura gaNikA ambapAlI unake darzanArtha Ae the| vahA~ ve nAtikA bhAga meM Thahare / ata: yaha bahuta kucha sambhava hai ki bauddhoM kA koTiggAma hI jainoM kA kuNDagrAma ho| nAmoM kI samAnatA ke sAtha nAtikAoM kA nirdeza bhI isI kA samarthana karatA hai, kyoMki nAtikA spaSTa rUpa se jJAtrika kSatriyoM kA sUcaka hai| mahAvIra inhIM jJAtrika kSatriyoM ke vNshjthe| jaina aura bauddha ullekhoM ke anusAra kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma videha deza meM vaizAlI ke nikaTa honA caahie| jJAtRvaMza licchiviyoM ke kula meM mahAvIra ne janma liyA thA, unake vaMzaja Aja bhI jathariyA jAti ke rUpa meM bihAra ke mujaphphara jile ke isI paraganA meM nivAsa karate the tathA vaha mujaphphara jile kA vasADha hI vaizAlI thA tathA kuNDagrAma bhI usI ke nikaTa honA caahiye| aba kuNDagrAma ko vAsakuNDa kahate haiM, jo prAcIna vaizAlI kA hI eka bhAga thaa| vaizAlI ke tIna bhAga the- ekakhAsa vaizAlI (vasADha), eka kuNDapura (vAsakuNDa) aura eka bniyaagraam| unameM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura baniye rahate the| usa samaya licchiviyoM ke gaNataMtra kA pradhAna rAjA ceTaka thaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra ceTaka kI putrI aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra ceTaka kI bahana trizalA yA priyakAriNI kA vivAha siddhArtha se huA thaa| aguttara nikAya' addhakathA meM vaizAlI kI samRddhi kA varNana hai| mahAvIra ke pitRkula kI apekSA mAtRkula kA rAjavaMzAnugata sambandha adhika vyApaka aura adhika prabhAvaka thaa| bauddha graMthoM meM ceTaka kA nAma nahIM hai| DA. yAkobI ke anusAra "jainoM ne apane tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paramabhakta tathA sambandhI ceTaka kI smRti ko surakSita rakhA hai| unhIM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa vaizAlI jainadharma kA gaDhI banI huI thI, jaba ki bauddha use pAkhaNDiyoM yA vidrohiyoM kA zikSAlaya mAnate the|" ceTaka ke sAta putriyAM thii| sabase bar3I trizalA siddhArtha se byAhIthI aura chaThI celanA magadha ke rAjA zreNika rAjA bimbasAra se byAhI thii| ata: magadha ke sAtha mahAvIra kA nikaTa kA sambandha thaa| bimbasAra bauddha thA, kintu celanA ke prabhAva se vaha mahAvIra kA bhakta bnaa| ceTaka kI anya putriyoM meM mRgAvatI vatsa deza ke kauzAmbI nagarI ke rAjA zatAnIka se, suprabhA dazArka deza ke hemakacchapura ke rAjA dazaratha se, prabhAvatI kacchadeza ke roruka nagara ke rAjA udayana se byAhI thii| mahIpura ke rAjA satyakI ne jyeSTA kI mAMga kI, kintu manA karane para ceTaka para car3hAI kii| yuddha meM hArane para vaha sAdhu ho gayA aura bAda meM jyeSThAaura candanAbhI sAdhvI ho gii| 1. Dr. H. Yakobi, The Second Books of the East, Part 22, Page 11 2. vahI, pR. 22-23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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49 zvetAmbara paramparA meM trizalA ko ceTaka kI bahana mAnA hai aura ceTaka ke sAta putriyA~ mAnya haiM- prabhAvatI, padmAvatI, mRgAvatI, zivA, jyeSThA, sujyeSThA aura celnaa| prabhAvatI kA vivAha sindhu sauvIra deza ke rAjA udayana se huA, padmAvatI campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana se, mRgAvatI kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatanIka se, jyeSThA mahAvIra ke bhAI nandivardhana se aura celanA rAjagRhI ke rAjA zreNika se byAhI thI aura sujyeSThA sAdhvI ho gaI thii| usase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki mAtRkula ke prabhAva ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke sauvIra, aMga, vatsa, avantI, videha aura magadha ke rAjagharAnoM se sambandha the| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra kA garbha parivartana huaa| eka deva ne mahAvIra ko brAhmaNI devanandA ke garbha se trizalA ke garbha meM parivartita kiyaa| 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM mahAvIra svayaM kahate haiM ki devanandA merI mAtA hai| digambara loga ise hAsyAspada samajhate haiN| garbha parivartana kA vicAra jainoM kI maulika racanA nahIM hai| yaha usa paurANika kathA kI anupratikRti hai, jisake anusAra zrIkRSNa ko devakI ke garbha se rohiNI ke garbha meM parivartita kiyA gyaa| DA. yAkobI ne TippaNI meM kahA hai "merA anumAna hai ki siddhArtha ke do patniyA~ thIM, eka brAhmaNI devanandA, jo mahAvIra kI vAstavika mAtA thI aura eka kSatriyANI trishlaa| trizalA ke sAtha vivAha hone se uccavaMzI tathA mahAn prabhutvazAlI vyaktiyoM ke sAtha unakA sambandha ho gayA, isaliye sambhavatayA yaha prakaTa karanA ki mahAvIra trizalA kA dattaka putra nahIM, kintu aurasa putra hai, adhika lAbhadAyaka samajhA gyaa|" vastuta: yAkobI ne kliSTa kalpanA kA sahArA liyA hai, jo amAnya hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rahe, na unhoMne strI sukha bhogA aura na rAjasukha / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra unakA vivAha yazodharA se huA aura unakI kanyA jamAli se byAhI gii| . __ 'Avazyaka niyukti' kI gAthA ke anusAra "mahAvIra ariSTanemi, pArzva, malli aura vAsupUjya ko chor3akara zeSa tIrthaMkara rAjA the aura ye pA~coM tIrthaMkara yadyapi rAjakula aura vizuddha kSatriya vaMza meM utpanna hue the, phira bhI unheM rAjyAbhiSeka iSTa nahIM huA aura unhoMne kumAra avasthA meM hI pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii|" vIraM ariTThanemi, pAsaM, malli ca vAsu pujNc| e e mAttuNa jiNe avasesA Asi rAyaNNiI / / rAyakulesu vi jAyA visuddhavaMseSu khattiya kulesu| na ca icchiyA mesayA kumAra vAsaMmi pavvayA // jinhoMne kumAra avasthA meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kI una mahAvIra, ariSTanemi, pArzva, malli aura vAsupUjya ko chor3akara zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ne viSayoM kA sevana kiyA 1. Dr. H. Yakobi, The Sacred Book of the East, Page 22, Page 31 2. Avazyaka niyukti, 243, 244 sUkti For Private and Personal Use Only

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50 gAmAyarA visayA niseviyA te kumAra vajehiM gAmAgarAiesu va kesi (su) viharo bhave kss||' zvetAmbara mAnyatA mallinAtha ko chor3akara sabako vivAhita mAnatI hai| paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI ke anusAra hameM bhI mahAvIra kI patnI yazodA ke nAma ke sAtha buddha kI patnI yazodharA kA smaraNa ho AtA hai aura lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana meM yazodA kA lAyA jAnA, kahIM buddha kI patnI yazodharA kI anukRti to nahIM hai|''2 tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM mArgazIrSa vadI dazamI ke dina mahAvIra ne pravrajyA grahaNa kii| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra 13 varSa taka cIvaraghArI rahe aura usake pazcAt nagna digambara hokara vicre| samaNe bhagavaM mahAvare saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM cIvaradhArI hutthA, teNa paraM acelae pANi pddigghiraa|' 'Avazyaka niyukti' meM likhA hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaMkara eka vastra ke sAtha pravarjita hue| bhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa ke anusAra "jaba vaha vastra gira jAtA hai to sabhI acela vastrarahita nagna ho jAte haiN| tahati gahirA gavatthA savatthatithovae saNatthaM ti| abhivikkhamaMti savve tami cue'celayA huti|| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM diyaa| unake kAla meM dharma kI bhASA saMskRta thI, kintu mahAvIra aura buddha ne lokabhASA meM hI upadeza diyaa| __cUrNikAra jinadAsa mahattara ke anusAra aTThAraha prakAra kI dezI bhASAoM meM niyata sUtra ko ardhamAgadha kahate haiN| magahaddhavisayamAsA nibadR addha mAgahaM, ahavA aTThArasadesI bhAsANiyataM addhmaagdhN| mArkaNDeya ne mAnA hai ki zauradevI bhASA ke nikaTavartI hone se mAgadhI hI ardhamAgadhI magaha hai zaurasenyA adUratvAdiya mevAdha mAgadhI kramadIzvara ne mAnA ki mahArASTrI se mizrita mAgadhI hI ardhamAgadhI hai mahArASTrI mizraNa ardhaM mAgadhI mahAvIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt valabhI meM unakA saMkalana sampAdana aura lekhana huaa| 1. Avazyaka niyukti sUtra 2. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR244 3. kalpasUtra, 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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51 digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara batalAye haiN| inameM pradhAna gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama the| AcArya guNabhadra ne apane purANa meM gyAraNa gaNadhAroM ke nAma isa prakAra batAe haiM - indrabhUti, vAyubhUti, agnibhUti, sudharmA, maurya, maundra, putra, naitreya, amampana, andhavela yA asvayela aura prbhaas|' ___zvetAmbara sAhitya meM nAma isa prakAra haiM- indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maMDika (ta) mauryaputra, akpita acalabhrAtA akpita, metArya aura prbhaas| indrabhUti kA gautra gautama, varNa brAhmaNa thA, ve cAroM veda aura cha vedAMgoM ke jJAtA the| digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhitya meM indrabhUti ke pazcAt sudharmA ke sambandha meM svalpa jAnakArI milatI hai| pArzvanAtha kA dharma caturyAma thaa| mahAvIra kA dharma paMca mahAvrata rUpa tathA acelaka hai| 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' meM gautama ne pArzva aura mahAvIra ke dharma meM ukta antara hone ke kAraNa unakI ziSya paramparA kI pravRtti aura mAnasa ko hI batalAyA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke nigraMtha saralamati aura samajhadAra ho the, isaliye Adhaka vistAra na karane kA bhI ve yathArtha Azaya ko samajhakara ThIka rIti se vrata kA pAlana karate the, kintu mahAvIra kI paramparA ke nigraMtha kuTila aura naasmjhthe| isaliye mahAvIra ne parigraha tyAga vrata meM strI tyAga vrata ko pRthaka karake vratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca kara dii| 'sthAnAMga sUtra' kI vyAkhyA TIkAkAra ne prastuta kI hai, madhya ke 4 tIrthaMkara tathA vedehastha tIrthaMkara caturyAma dharma kA tathA prathama aura aMtima paMcayAma dharma kA kathana ziSyoM se apekSA karate haiN| vAstava meM to donoM paMcayAma dharma kA kathana pratipAdana karate haiM, kintu prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu Rju jar3a se vakra jar3a se hote haiM, ata: parigraha chor3ane kA upekSA dene para parigraha tyAga meM maithuna tyAga bhI garbhita hai, yaha samajhane aura samajhakara unakA tyAga karane meM samartha hotA hai, kintu zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu Rju aura prAjJa hone ke kAraNa turaMta samajha lete haiM ki parigraha meM maithuna bhI sammilita hai, kyoMki binA grahaNa kiye strI ko nahIM bhogA jA sktaa| 1. AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, 24/373-374 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 23 purisA ujjujaDA u vakvajahvA ya pcchimaa| majjhimA ujjuppanA u teNa dhammo duhA ke| 261 purimANaM duvisojjho u parimANaM durnnupaalo| kappo majjhimagANaM tu suvisujjho supaalo| 27 3. sthAnAnAMgasUtra, 266 TIkA "ihaM ceha bhAvattA / madhyama tIrthaMkarANAM videhakAnAJca caturyAmadharmasya pUrva pazcima tIrthaMkara yozva paMcayAmadharmasya prarUpaNA ziSyA pekssyaa| paramArthatastu paJca mAsyavai vobhayeSA madha sau, yat prathama pazcima tIrthaMkara sAdhavaH Rjujar3A vakrajar3Azceti tatvAdeva pArigraho varjanIya ityupadiSTe maithunavarjanabhava boddhuNpaaruyituNcnkssmaa| madhyama videha jatIrtha sAdhavastu RjuprAjJAstadvodadhuM, varjayituM ca kSamA iti| For Private and Personal Use Only

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/ vastuta: gaharAI se dekhA jAya to pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma dharma aura mahAvIra ke paMcayAma meM tatvata: koI maulika bheda nahIM hai| 72 varSa kI avasthA meM bihAra pradeza ke paTanA jile ke antargata pAvA nAmaka sthAna para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne muktilAbha kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza sunane ke liye vibhinna dezoM ke rAjA pAvA meM pdhaare| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ekatra janasamUha ko 6 dina taka upadeza diyaa| sAtaveM dina rAtri ke samaya rAtabhara upadeza diyaa| jaba rAtri ke pichale pahara meM saba zrotA nIMda meM the, taba bhagavAna mahAvIra paryAMkasana se zukla dhyAna meM sthita ho gye| jaise hI dina nikalane kA samaya huA, mahAvIra prabhu ne nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| jaba manuSya jAge to unhoMne dekhA kivIra prabhu nirvANa lAbha kara cuke haiM, usa samaya gautama gaNadhara ke sivAya, unake sabhI ziSya upasthita the| digambara paramparA ke anusAra unnIsa varSa, pA~ca mAsa aura bIsa dina pazcAt kArtika mAsa kI kRSNa caturdazI ke dina svAti nakSatra ke rahate hue rAtri ke samaya nirvANa ko prApta hue| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA ko svAti nakSatra ke rahate hue rAtri ke pichale prahara meM mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaa| vikrama saMvat ke 470 varSa pahale tathA IsvI san se 527 varSa pahale bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thaa| DA. harmana jekobI isa mata ke sahamata nahIM hai| inake anusAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 470 varSa pazcAt jisa vikrama rAjA hone kA ullekha hai, usakA itihAsa meM koI astitva nahIM hai| bauddha graMthoM ke anusAra buddha kA nirvANa IsvI san ke 570 varSa pUrva huA thaa| buddha kI avasthA nirvANa ke samaya 80 varSa thii| yadi jaina gAthAoM ke anusAra I.pU. 527 varSa meM huA hotA to usa samaya buddha kI Ayu 30 varSa honI cAhiye, parantu yaha saba mAnate haiM ki 36 varSa kI umra ke pahale buddha ko bodhilAbha nahIM huA thaa| aitihAsika ullekhoM ke anusAra ajAtazatru buddha ke nirvANa se 8 varSa pUrva rAjagaddI para baiThA aura usane 32 varSa taka rAjya kiyA thaa| aba yadi ukta jaina gAthAoM ke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANakAla mAnA jAtA hai to ukta bAta ghaTita nahIM hotii| mahAvIra kA nirvANakAla kalpita hai, ataH usameM 60 varSa kama karanA caahie|' yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki candragupta maurya mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 219 varSa pazcAt aura buddha nirvANa se 218 varSa pazcAt gaddI para baitthaa| isa taraha jainoM kI kAla gaNanA ke anusAra candragupta IsvI san se 326 yA 325 varSa pUrva gaddI para baitthaa| jArla kArpeNTira ne mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke saMvat ke viSaya meM zaMkA kii| usake pazcAt sva kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne mahAvIra ora buddha ke nirvANa kI vidvattApUrvaka vivecanA kii|unhoNne 18 varSa kI bhUla batAkara vIra nirvANa saMvat meM 18 varSa baDhAne kA sujhAva diyaa| jugalakizora mukhtAra ne isa saMdarbha meM jAyasavAla ke 18 varSa baDhAne se aura isakI aura jArla cApeMTiyara ke 80 varSa ghaTAne ke sujhAva ko sadoSa batAkara pracalita vIra nirvANa saMvat ko hI ThIka tthhraayaa| isake pazcAt muni kalyANavijaya jI ne bhI eka nibandha likhakara vIra 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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nirvANa saMvat ko ThIka pramANita kiyaa| jaina aura bauddha ullekhoM ke anusAra mahAtmA buddha, ajIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka makkhali gozAla, vaizAlI nareza ceTaka, magadha rAjA zreNika yA bimbasAra aura zreNika putra abhaya aura kuNIka yA ajAtazatru, ye itihAsa prasiddha vyakti mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| licchavI gaNataMtra ke pramukha ceTaka kI sabase bar3I putrI kI kukSi se mahAvIra kA janma huA thA aura sabase choTI putrI celanA zreNika kI paTarAnI aura kuNIka kI jananI thii| jaina graMthakAroM ke anusAra zreNika carita ke AdhAra para zreNika ke pitA ne zreNika ko rAjya se nikAla diyA thaa| mArga meM brAhmaNa milA, unakI buddhimatI putrI se zreNika kA vivAha huaa| usase abhayakumAra nAmaka putra huaa| pitA kI mRtyu para zreNika ko magadha kA rAjya milA aura bar3A hone para abhayakumAra rAjamaMtrI huaa| abhayakumAra ke maMtritvakAla meM rAjA zreNika ceTaka kI sabase choTI putrI celanA para Asakta gaye aura ceTaka se usakI yAcanA kii| ceTaka dvArA asvIkRta karane para abhayakumAra ne chala se celanA kA haraNa kara zreNika se usakA vivAha karA diyaa| celanA ke prayatna se rAjA zreNika ne jainadharma svIkAra kiyA aura mahAvIra kA upadeza sabhA kA pradhAna zrotA bnaa| jaba 42 varSa kI avasthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevala jJAna huA aura rAjagRhI meM padArpaNa huA, usa samaya rAjAzreNika celanA ke sAtha nivAsa karate the| harizeSa ke 'kathAkoza' ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se sAta varSa pA~ca mAsa pazcAt zreNika kI mRtyu huii| bauddha aura jaina graMthoM se isakA samarthana nahIM hotaa| ___ jainoM meM paramparA se pracalita vIra nirvANakAla ko aura bauddhoM meM paramparA se pracalita buddha nirvANakAla ko hI ThIka mAna kara calane se buddha, mahAvIra, gozAlaka, zreNika, abhayakumAra aura ajAtazatru Adi kI samakAlIna tathA jaina aura bauddha graMthoM meM varNita ghaTanAoM kI saMgati ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| mahAvIra buddha janma 599 I.pU. 624 I.pU. bodhilAbha 557 I.pU. 599 I.pU. nirvANa 527 I.pU. 544 I.pU. jinazAsana ke caubIsaveM aura aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra hue, jinakA samaya IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai, jo ki vizva ke sAMskRtika aura dhArmika itihAsa meM bahuta mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM, jabaki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aura unake samakAlIna mahAtmA buddha ne ahiMsA kA upadeza dekara dhArmika aura sAMskRtika krAMti kA sUtrapAta kiyA, lagabhaga usI samaya cIna meM lAotse aura kanphUziyasa, yUnAna meM pAithogorasa, aphalAtUna aura sukarAta, IrAna meM jarathuSTa, philIstIna meM jiremiyA aura irjAkela Adi mahApuruSa apane apane kSetra meM dhArmika krAMti ke sUtradhAra bne| 1. vRhad kathA koSa, kathA 55 2. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR532-533 For Private and Personal Use Only

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54 jisa samaya mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva huA, usa samaya yajJoM meM nirIha pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thI, dhArmika kriyAoM kA bhAra sadAcArI yA durAcArI, paNDita yA mUrkha brAhmaNoM para thaa| jAtivyavasthA meM mAnava samAja jakar3A huAthA aura zUdra loga na veda kI RcAeM suna sakate the,na bola sakate the aura na par3ha sakate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra na kevala eka mahAna dharma ke saMsthApaka hIthe, kintu mahAn lokanAyaka, krAMtidraSTA aura vizvabaMdhutva ke pratimAna the| mahAvIra ne mAnavatA ko ahiMsA, dayA aura prema kA pATha par3hAyA, rUr3hivAda, pAkhaNDa aura varNabheda ko dhvasta kara samatA kA udghoSa kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vizva ko sacce samatAvAda, sAmyavAda, ahiMsAvAda, syAdavAda, aparigrahavAda aura AtmavAda kA amRta pilAkara bhaTakatI mAnavatA ko nayA rAstA dikhaayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmaparivAra meM nau gaNa aura gyAraha gaNadhara- indrabhUti, amimUrti, vAyubhUrti, vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita, mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAtA, metArya aura zrI prabhAstha the| ye sabhI brAhmaNa the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM meM karmavAda kI mahattA batAkara naitika mUlyoM kA zaMkhanAda kiyA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, bahuta khojane para bhI jaise kele ke per3a meM koI sAra dikhAI nahIM dekhA, vaise hI indriya sukha meM bhI koI sukha dikhAI nahIM detaa|' khujalI kA manuSya jaise khujalAne para dukha ko sukha mAnatA hai, vaise hI mohAtura manuSya kAmajanya dukha ko sukha mAnatA hai, vaise hI mohAtura manuSya kAmajanya dukha ko sukha mAnatA hai| rAgadveSa saMsArI jIva ke pariNAma hote haiM, pariNAmoM se karmavadha hotA hai| karmavadha ke kAraNa jIva cAra gatiyoM meM zAsana karatA hai- janma letA hai| janma se zarIra aura zarIra se indriyA~ prApta hotI haiN| usake jIva viSayoM kA sevana karatA hai, usase phira rAgadveSa hotA hai| isa prakAra jIvana saMsAra cakra meM bhramaNa karatA hai| janma dukha hai, bur3hApA dukha hai, roga dukha hai, mRtyu dukha hai| yahA~ saMsAra dukha hI hai, jisameM jIva kleza pA rahe haiN| 1. samaNasuttaM, pR 16, 17 suTThi mAggijaMto, kattha vi kelIi natthi jaha saaro| iMdi avisaesu tahA, natthi, suhaM suDDu vi gaviDhaM // 2. vahI, pR17, 18 jahaM kacchullo kacchaM, kaMDaya mANe duhaM muNaI sukkhaM / mohADarA maNussA, vaha kaNa duhaM suhaM viti / / 3. vahI pR 19 jo khalu saMsArattho, jIvo tatto du hori prinnaamo| pariNAmAdo kammaM kammAdo hodi gadisu gadi // gadimadhigadassa deho, dehAdo iMdiyANi jAyate / tehi du visavaggahaNaM, tatvo rAgo vA deso vA / / jAyadi jIva jIvassevaM, bhAvo saMsAra ckkvaalmbhi| 4. vahI, pR19 janma dukhaM, jarA dukkhaM, rogA ya maraNAdi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kIsanti jaMtavo / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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55 karma se mukti pAne ke liye mokSa prApti ke liye mahAvIra ne dharma kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA, dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai| ahiMsA, saMyama, aura tapa usake lakSaNa hai| jisakA mana sadA dharma meM ramA rahatA hai, usake devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN|' uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama ArNava, uttama zaurya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga aura uttama AkiMcanya tathA uttama brahmacarya ye dasadharma haiM, maiM saba jIvoM ko kSamA karatA huuN| saba jIva mujhe kSamA kareM / merA saba prANiyoM ke prati maitrI bhAva hai| mahAvIra kA dharma AtmavAdI dharma hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI hai, AtmA hI kUTazAlmalI vRkSa hai, AtmA hI kAmadugdha dhenu hai, AtmA hI nandana vana hai|' mahAvIra kAAtmavAdI dharma zreSTha jIvana mUlyoM para Achuta hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai, mAna vinaya ko naSTa karatA hai, mAyA maitrI ko naSTa karatI hai aura lobha saba kucha naSTa karatA hai| kSamA se krodha kA hanana kareM, namratA se mana ko jIteM, RjutA se mAyA ko aura saMtoSa ko lobha se jiiteN| mahAvIra ne sAdhu ke paMca mahAvrata aura zrAvaka ke liye paMca aNuvratoM kI udghoSaNA kii| mahAvIra ne aparigrahavAda kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA, jIva parigraha ke nimitta hiMsA karatA hai, asatya bolatA hai, corI karatA hai, maithuna kA sevana karatA hai aura atyadhika mUrchA karatA hai| jaise hAthI ko vaza meM rakhane ke liye aMkuza hotA hai, nagara kI rakSA ke liye khAI hotI 1. samaNasuttaM, pR 29 dhammoM maMgalamukkhiTuM, ahiMsA saMjayo tavo / devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNo / 2. vahI, 128-29 uttamakhamamaddhavajjava-saccasaucca ja saMjamaM ceva / tava cAgama kiMcaNhaM bamha idi dasaviho dhammo // 3. vahI, pR28-29 khammAmi savvajIvANaM, savve jIvA khamantu meN| mitti meM saccabhUdesu, ve majjhaM Na keNa vi|| 4. vahI, pR 39 appA naI veyaraNI, appA meM kddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU, appA meM naMdaNaM vaNaM // 5. vahI, pR43 koho pII paNAseda, mANo viNaya nAsaNo / mAyA mitrANi nAsei, loho svvvinnaasnno|| 6. vahI, pR43 uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM, bhaddavayA jiNe / mAyaM ca'jja bhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosao jiNe // 7. vahI, pR44-45 saMga nimittaM mArai, bhaNai alIaM karei corikaM / setai mehuNa mucchaM, adharimANaM, kuNai jIvo / For Private and Personal Use Only

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56 hai, vaise hI indriya nivAraNa ke liye parigraha kA tyAga kahA gayA hai|' mahAvIra ne ahiMsAvAdI jina darzana kI mahattA sthApita kii| mahAvIra ne kahA, "jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsAna kreN| itanA jAnanA hI paryApta hai ki ahiMsAmUlaka samatAhI dharma hai aura yahI ahiMsA kA vijJAna hai; sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nahIM, isaliye prANavadhako bhayAnaka jAnakara nigraMtha usakA varjana karate haiN| jIva kA vadhaapanA hI vadha hai| jIva kI dayA apanI hI dayA hai| ata: AtmahitaiSI (AtmakAma) puruSoM ne sabhI taraha kI jIva hiMsA kA parityAga kiyA hai'; jise to hanana yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise to AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jaise jagata meM meruparvata se U~cAaura AkAza se vizAla aura kucha nahIM hai, vaise hI ahiMsA ke samAna koI dharma nahIM hai|' mahAvIra ke matAnusAra AtmA ke tIna rUpa haiM- bahirAtmA, aMtarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| iMdriya samUha ko AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAlA bahirAtmA hai, AtmasaMkalpa-deha se bhinna AtmA ko svIkAra karane vAlA aMtarAmAtrA hai aura karmakalaMka se vimukta AtmA paramAtmA hai|' mahAvIra ke anusAra paramAtmA ke do rUpa haiM- aha~ta aura siddh| kevala jJAna se samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAle sazarIra jIva arhata haiM tathA sarvottama sukha (mokSa) ke saMprApta jJAna zarIra jIva siddha 1. samaNasuttaM, pR46-47 gaMthagaccAo iMdiya NivAraNe aMkuso vhthiss| Nayarassa khAiyA vi ya, iMdiya gucI asaMgataM / / 2. vahI, pR46-47 eyaM khu nANiyo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kaicaNa / ahiMsA samavaM yeva, etAite viyANiyA / / 3. vahI, pR46-47 savve jIvA vi icchAMti, jIviDaM na marijiuM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, niggaMdhA vajjayeti NaM // 4. vahI, pR48-49 jIva vaho appaho, jIva dayA appaNo dayA hoi| tA savva jIvAhiMsA pascitA attAkAmehiM / / 5. vahI, pR4-49 tamaM si nAma sa ceva, haitatvaM ti manasi / tumaM si nAma sa ceva, jaM ajjAveyavvaM ti mannAsi // 6. vahI, pR50-51 tugaMna maMdarAo, AgAsAo visAlayaM ntthi| jaha taha jayaMmi jANasu dhammamahiMsA samanasthi / / 7. vahI, pR 56-57 akkhANi bahirappA, aMtarappA hu appsNkppo| kamma kalaMka vimukko, paramappA bhaNNae devo // 8. vahI, pR56-57 sazarIrA arahaMtA, kevala NANeNa muNiya syltthaa| jANazarIra siddhA, savvuttama sukkha-saMpattA / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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57 mahAvIra ne samyagjJAna, samyagadarzana, samyagcAritrya ko mokSamArga kahA hai| ise ratnamaya bhI kahA gayA hai| dharma Adi kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| aMgoM aura pUrvo kA jJAna samyagjJAna / tapa se prayatnazIlatA samyagacaritra hai| yaha vyavahAra mokSamArga hai|' jJAna se jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| darzana se unakA zraddhAna karatA hai, cAritrya meM karmAsrava karatA hai aura tapa se vizuddha hotA hai; samyagdarzana ke viruddha jJAna nahIM hotA hai, jJAna ke binA cAritryaguNa nahIM hotA hai, cAritryaguNa ke binA mokSa nahIM hotA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa (ananta arana de) nahIM hotaa|' AtmA meM lIna AtmA hI samyagdRSTi hai ; jo yathArtharUpa meM AtmA ko jAnatA hai vahI samyagjJAna hai aura usameM sthita rahanA hI samyakcAritrya' hai aura AtmA hI merA jJAna hai, AtmA hI darzana aura caritra hai, AtmA hI pratyAkhyAna hai aura AtmA hI saMyama aura yoga hai| mahAvIra ne cAritrya para adhika bala diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA, caritrya zUnya puruSa kA vipula zAstrAdhyayana bhI vyartha hI hai, jaise ki aMdhe ke Age lAkhoM karor3oM dIpaka jalAnA vyartha hai ', caritrya sampanna kA alpatama jJAna bhI bahuta hai aura caritryavihIna kA zrutajJAna bhI niSphala mahAvIra ne zrAvaka aura sAdhu ko paribhASita kiyA hai| siMha ke samAna parAkramI, hAthI ke samAna svAbhimAnI, vRSabha ke samAna bhadra, mRga ke samAna sarala, pazu ke samAna nirIha, vAyu ke 1. samaNasuttaM, pR 68-69 dhammA dIkhaM saddahaNaM sammataM NANamaMga puvvagaMda / ciTThA taMvasi cariyA, vavahAro mokkhabhaggo tti // 2. vahI, pR68-69 nANeNa jANaI bhavi, daMsaNeNa ya saddate / caritteNa nigiNhAi, taveNa parisujjhaI // 3. vahI, pR70-71 nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na huMti caraNa gunnaa| aguNissa natthi mokkho, nathi amokkhassa nivaannN|| 4. vahI, pR72-73 appA appami rao, sammAiTTI haveI phuDu jiivo| jANai taM saNNANaM, caradiha cAstimaMgutti / 5. vahI, pR72-73 AyA hu mahaM nANe, AyA me daMsaNe caritre yaM / AyA paccakkhaNi, AyA meM saMjame joge| 6. vahI, pR86-87 suvahuM pi suyamahIyaM kiM, kAhii caraNavippa honnss| aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIva sayasahassa koDI vi // 7. vahI, pR86-87 thovammi sikkhade jiNai, bahusudaM jo crittsNpunnnno| jo puNa caritahINo, kiM tassa sudeNa bahueNa // For Private and Personal Use Only

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58 samAna nissaMga, sUrya ke samAna tejasvI, sAgara ke samAna gambhIra, meru ke samAna nizcala, candramA ke samAna zItala, maNike samAna kAMtimAna, pRthvI ke samAna sahiSNu, sarpa ke samAna aniyata AzrayI, aura AkAza ke samAna niravalamba sAdhu paramapada mokSa kI khoja meM rahate haiN| kevala sira muMDAne se zramaNa nahIM hotA, oma kA jApa kahane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, araNya meM rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA, kuzacIvara pahanane se koI tapasvI nahIM hotaa| vaha samatA se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna se muni hotA hai aura tapa se tapasvI hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tatvajJAna kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA jahA~ na dukha hai na sukha, na pIr3A hai na bAdhA, na maraNa hai na janma, vahI nirvANa hai| jahA~ iMdriyA~ hai na upasarga, na moha na vismaya, na nidrA hai na tRSNA aura na bhUkha hai, vahIM nirvANa hai|' mahAvIra syAdavAda ke vyAkhyAtA the| mahAvIra ne kahA dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha aneka virodhI dharmoM dvArA paraspara ghule mile padArtha meM yaha dharma aura vaha dharma kA vibhAga karanA ucita nhiiN| jitanI vizeSa paryAya hoM, utanA hI avibhAga samajhanA caahiye| syAta asti, syAtanAsti, syAt AstinAsti, syAt avaktavyaM, syAta Asti avaktavya, syAt nAsti avaktavyaM, syAt AstinAsti avaktavyaM-inheM pramANa saptamaMgI jAnanA caahiye|' 1. samaNasuttaM pR 108-109 sIha-gaya-vasaha-miya-pasu, maarud-suruuvti-mNdrihu-mnnii| khidi- uragaMvarasarisA, parama-paya-vimaggayA sAhU / / 2. vahI, pR30-31 na vi muNDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa ta tAvaso / 3. vahI, pR30-31 samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa ya muNI hoi, tavaNe hoi tAvaso / 4. vahI, pR196-197 Navi dukkhaM Navi sukkhaM, Navi pIr3A Neva vijade baahaa| Navi maranaM Navi jaNaNaM, tattheva ya hoya NitvANaM / / 5. vahI, pR 196-197 Navi iMdiya uvasaggA, Navi moho vimhayo Na vaNiddAya / NayaNhA Neva bhuhA, tattheva ya hoi NivvANaM / 6. vahI, pR214-255 anonANu gayANaM, imaM vataM va taM va 'vibhayaNamajutaM / jaha duddhapANiyANaM, jAvaMta visesapajjAyA / / 7. vahI, pR230-231 asthi tti Natthi do viya, avvattavvaM sieNa saMjuttaM / avvattavvA te taha, pamANabhaMgI suNAyavvA / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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59 jainamata: AcArya paramparA (akhaNDa jinazAsana) ___ jainagraMthoM meM mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya praziSyoM kI bhI paramparA kA ullekha kAla karma se kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 62 varSa meM tIna kevalI aura tatpazcAt 100 varSa meM 5 zrutakevalI hue| tiloyapaNNati ke anusAra 'jisa dina vIra prabhu kA nirvANa huA, usI dina unake pradhAna ziSya kevala jJAnI hue| unake mukta hone para sudharmAsvAmI kevalajJAnI hue| unake mukta hone para jambUsvAmI kevala jJAnI hue| jambUsvAmI ke mukta hone para anubaddha kevalI nahIM huaa|' Age likhA hai- nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, cauthe govarddhana, pA~caveM bhadrabAhu- yaha pA~ca puruSa zreSTha jagata meM vikhyAta zrutakevalI hue| ina pA~coM ke kAla kA sammilita pramANa 100 varSa hotA hai| isake pazcAt bharatakSetra meM koI zrutakevalI nahIM huaa| ___ indranaMdi zrutAvatAra meM tInoM kevaliyoM kA pRthaka pRthaka kAla diyA hai| nandisaMgha kI 'prAkRta padAvalI' meM pratyeka kevalI aura zrutakevalI kA pRthaka pRthaka kAla diyA haitIna kevala pA~ca zrutakevalI 1. gautama gaNadhara 12 varSa 1. viSNu kumAra 14 varSa 2. sudharma svAmI 3 varSa 2. naMdimitra 16 varSa 3. jambUsvAmI 38 varSa 3. aparAjita 4 varSa 4. govardhana 19 varSa 5. bhadrabAhu 21 varSa 62 varSa 100 varSa isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa meM bhadrabAha zrutakevalI paryanta 162 varSa hote haiN| zravaNabelamola ke zilAlekha-1 meM dUsare kevalI kA nAma lItAmahI pAyAjAtA hai| harivaMzapurANa, zrutAvatAra tathA zilAlekha 105 meM usake sthAnapara sudharmA nAma hai| 'jambU paNNatI' meM spaSTa likhA 1. tiloyapaNNati, 1476-1484 jAdo siddho vIro taddivase godamo paramaNANI / vAro tAsmi siddhe sudhambhasAmI tado jaado| 1476 // tasmi kadakammaNA se jaMbUsAmitti kevalI jAdo / tatthAvi siddhipaNNe kevAliNoM Natthi annubddhaa| 1477 // vAsaTThI vAsANi godama pahudINa NANavaMtANaM / dhammapayadRNa kAle parimANaM piMDarUpeNa / 1478 / / NaMdIya NaMdimitto vidio avarAjido taijjoya / govaddhaNoM cauttho paMcamao bhaddabAhutti // 1479 / / paMca ime purisavarA caudasapUvI jagammi vikkhaadaa| tebArasa aMgadharAtitthetithi siribddhmaannss||1483|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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60 hai ki lohAryakA nAma sudharmA hI thaa|' yaha sambhava hai ki kahIM nandI aura kahIM viSNu nAma AtA hai / yaha sambhava hai ki AcArya kA pUrA nAma viSNu nandi hoM, saMkSepa meM unheM kahIM viSNu aura kahIM nandi kahA gayA ho| vIra nirvANa ke 170 varSa bItane para bhadrabAhu svAmI kA svargavAsa huaa| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra - zrI vIra mokSAt varSa zatai sahAtyapate gati sti| bhadravAda rapi svAmI yayau svarga smdhijaa||' bhadrabAhu hI eka aise haiM, jinheM donoM sampradAyoM ne mAnA hai bhadrabAhu kA yugapradhAnatva donoM sampradAyoM ko svIkArya hai| inhIM ke samaya meM saMghabheda prArambha huA hai| bhadrabAhu kA sthAna akhaNDa jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| digambara jaina graMtha aura zilAlekha inheM maurya samrATa candragupta kA samakAlIna siddha karate haiN| videzI aura dezI itihAsa bhI inase sahamata haiN| kintu kAla gaNanA ke hisAba se samakAlInatA siddha nahIM hotii| donoM ke bIca 60 varSa kA antara par3atA hai| yadi bhadrabAhu ke samaya vIra nirvANa 162 meM 60 varSa bar3hA diye jAye to candraguptamaurya aura bhadrabAhu kI samakAlInatA ThIka bana jAtI hai| - jambUsvAmI kevalI ke pazcAt hone vAle yuga pradhAna AcAryoM meM bhadrabAhu hI eka aise haiM, jinheM donoM sampradAyoM ne mAnA hai| jambU svAmI ke pazcAt aura bhadrabAhu svAmI se pahale hone vAle 4 AcAryoM ke nAma donoM sampradAyoM meM milA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve eka dUsare se bhinna vyakti haiM, kintu bhadrabAhu kA yugapradhAnatva donoM sampradAyoM ko svIkArya hai| isaliye bhadrabAhu kA sthAna akhaNDa jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| bhadrabAhu aura candragupta digambara sAhitya ke hariSeNakRta vRhatakathAkoza' kI kathA 131 ke anusAra bhadrabAhu puNDra deza ke nivAsI eka brAhmaNa ke putra the, jinheM caturthazruta kevalI govardhana ne unake pitA se mAMgakara vidvAna banA diyaa| bhadrabAhu govardhana ke pazcAt paMcama zrutakevalI hue| bAda meM divyajJAna se yaha jAnA ki 12 varSa taka akAla pdd'egaa| ve dakSiNa kI ora cale gaye aura candragupta maurya ne vizAkhAcArya banakara dIkSA lii| yaha nirvivAda hai ki vRhat kathAkeza meM jisa bhadrabAhu kA AkhyAna diyA hai, ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hI haiM aura unake samaya meM caMdragupta nAma kA yadi koI rAjA huA to paMcANa melidANaM kAla pamANaM havedi vAsasadaM / bIdammipaMcamarA bharahe sutakevali gtthi||14841 1. jambU paNNAti, zloka 10 teNavi lohajassaM ya lohajjeNa ya sudhammaNAmeNaM / maNahara sudhammaNA raktujaMbuNAmANasaya nniddittuN||10|| 2. hemacandrAcArya, pariziSTa parva For Private and Personal Use Only

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61 vaha maurya samrATa candragupta hI hai| satyaketu vidyalaMkAra ke anusAra 'isa anuzruti meM koI saMdeha nahIM karate haiM ki candragupta nAma kA ujiyinI kA eka rAjA AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha zravaNabolagola meM AyA thA aura vahA~ pahu~cakara anazanavrata kara svargaloka sidhArA hai| parantu prazna yahI hai ki candragupta hai kauna sA ? jaina sAhitya ke anusAra yaha azoka kA pautra hai| - candragupta dvitIya samprAti ke nAma se prasiddha hai| samprati aura bhadrabAhu kI samakAlInatA siddha nahIM hotii| azoka ke pautra samprAti kA rAjyAbhiSeka 40 I.pU. huA, arthAt candragupta prathama ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke 100 varSa phle| usa samaya bhadrabAhu kA astitva kisI bhI taraha sambhava nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM samprAti ko jainadharma kA mahAn uddhAraka batAyA hai| Arya suhastI ne use jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke 7 5 varSa pazcAt Arya padAsIna hue the| DA. smitha ke anusAra 'candragupta maurya kA rAjyakAla kisa prakAra samApta huA, isakA ThIka prakAza jaina kathAoM se hI par3atA hai| jainiyoM ne sadaiva ukta maurya samrATa ko bimbasAra ke sadRza jaina dharmAvalambI mAnA hai aura unake isa vizvAsa ko jhUTha kahane ke liye koI upayukta kAraNa nahIM hai| isameM jarA bhI saMdeha nahIM ki zizunAga naMda aura maurya rAjavaMzoM ke samaya meM jainadharma magadha prAnta meM bahuta joroM para thaa| eka bAra jahA~ candragupta ke dharmavalambI hone kI bAta mAna lI, phira unake rAjya ko tyAga kara jaina vidhi ke anusAra saMlladekhanA vidhi ke dvArA maraNa karane kI bAta sahaja hI vizvasanIya hotI hai|'' jaina graMthoM ke anusAra ki bhadrabAhu ne zramaNabelagola meM zarIra tyaagaa| rAjarSi candragupta ne unase bAraha varSa pIche samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| isa bAta kA samarthana zravaNabelagolA Adi ke nAmoM, IsA kI sAtavIM sadI ke uparAnta ke lekhoM tathA dasavIM zatAbdI ke graMthoM se jJAta hotA hai| belagolA ke candragiri parvata, pArzvanAtha bastI ke zilAlekha saMkhyA-1 meM bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI na batalAkara nimitta jJAnI aura candragupta ke sthAna para prabhAcaMdra kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu belagolA ke zilAlekha saMkhyA 17, 18, 40, 54 aura 108 meM bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI aura candragupta ko unakA ziSya batalAyA hai|' 1. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, pR343 2. satyaketu vidyAlaMbhAra, maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, pR. 424 3. Dr. Smith, Oxford History of India, Page 75-76 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-1 (1) zrI bhadraH sarvato yohi bhadrabAhuriti zrutaH / zrutake valI nAtheSu caramaH paramo muni // 4 // candraprakAzojjavala sAndra kIrti: zrI candragupto'jani tasya shissy| (2) zrI bhadrabAhuH zrutakevalInAM munIzvarANAmmiha pshcimo'pi| apazciyamo'bhUt viduSAM vijetA sarvazrutArtha pratipAdanena // 8 // tadIya ziSyo jani candragupta: samagrazIlAnata devavRddhaH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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62 dUsare bhadrabAha kA samaya IsvI sana se 53 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| ata: donoM bhadrabAhaoM ke madhya tIna zatAbdiyoM kA aMtarAla hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM dvitIya bhadrabAhu ko varAhamihira kA bhAI likhA hai / varAhamihira kA kAla I.pU. 505 nizcita hai| candragupta kA pUrvAdhikArI nanda jaina thA, yaha bAta khAravela ke zilAlekha se spaSTa hai| bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI aura candragupta maurya kI samakAlIna siddha hai| Arya suhastI aura samprAti ____ 'kalpasUtra sthirAvalI' ke anusAra Arya yazobhadra ke do ziSya the- saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu / saMbhUtavijaya ke ziSya kA nAma bhadrabAhu thA / sthUlabhadra ke do ziSya the- Arya mahAgiri aura suhstii| __ Arya bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa se 170 varSa pazcAt huaa| sthUlabhadra vIra nirvANa 170 se 215 taka AcArya pada para rhe| inake pazcAt Arya mahAgiri 30 varSa taka aura tatpazcAt suhastI 46 varSa taka padAsIna rhe| zvetAmbarIya ullekhoM ke anusAra sthUlabhadra aMtima naMda ke maMtrI zarkahAla (zakaTAra) ke putra the| unake ziSya suhastI ne azoka ke pautra samprati ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karake jainadharma kA mahAn uddhAra karAyA thaa| sthUlabhadra kA svargavAsa candragupta ke rAjyakAla meM huA hai| Arya suhastI ne candragupta maurya, tatputra, bimbasAra, tatputra azoka aura azoka ke pautra samprati kA rAjyakAla dekhaa| zrI jAyasavAla ne candragupta kA rAjyakAla I.pU. 326 I. se 302 taka tathA samprati kA rAjyakAla I.pU. 40 se 23 taka ThaharAyA hai| arthAt candragupta aura samprAti ke madhya eka zatAbdI kAantara hai| jaina srotoM ke anusAra samprAti caMdragupta ke 105 varSa pazcAt rAjyAsana para baitthaa| 'matsya purANa' aura 'viSNu purANa' meM dazaratha ke bAda samprati kA nAma hai| jAyasavAla jI ne pariNAma nikAlA ki samprAti dazaratha kA choTA bhAI aura uttarAdhikArI thaa| ata: unhoMne azoka ke 8 varSa taka kuNAla kA, usake 8 varSa pazcAt dazaratha aura usake bAda samprati kA kAla ThaharAyA hai| ___ munikalyANa vijaya jI ne Arya mahAgiri kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 291 meM aura azoka kA rAjyakAla vIra nirvANa 205 taka mAnA hai| ___zvetAmbara sAhitya meM samprAti kI eka kathA hai| Arya suhastI ne kauzAmbI meM eka daridra vyakti ko dIkSA dI, vaha agale janma meM kuNAla kA putra huaa| aMdhe kuNAla ne azoka se rAjya maaNgaa| azoka ne kahA tuma aMdhe ho, tumheM rAjya kA kyA prayojana / usane kahA - mere samprAti 1.jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR 328 2. Journal of Bihar, Orrisa Research Society, Patna Part Ist, Page 94-95 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 63 (abhI) putra huA hai| azoka ne usakA nAma samprAti rakha diyaa| jaba Arya suhastI ujjiyinI sampratiko pUrva janma kA dhyAna huA aura ve AryasuhastI ke bhakta aura zramaNa baca gaye / samprAti ke nagara meM cAroM ora bhojanazAlAeM sthApita kii| yaha sAdhuoM ke liye bhI thI / AryahastI jAnate the ki isa prakAra kA anya sAdhuoM ke liye agrAhya hai taba bhI ziSya samprAti ke moha meM usakA samarthana diyA / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM sthUlabhadra dvitIya ko zakaTAra putra kahA hai / zakaTAra ke putra sthUlabhadra kA nAma to kyA, saMketa bhI digambara jaina graMthoM aura jainettara sAhitya meM nahI hai| kevalI gautama vasudharmA zrutakevali bhadrabAhu taka mahAvIra yuga kA prasAra hai, kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 170 varSoM taka zramaNa paramparA aura jaina saMgha suvyavasthita rhaa| zrutakevalI kA nAma donoM paramparAoMzvetAmbaroM aura digambara meM hai, kintu samaya kA bheda hai| digambara paramparA ise nimnAnusAra 162 varSa kA kAla mAnate haiN| vA zrutavalI viSNu zrutakevalI naMdimitra www.kobatirth.org zrutakevalI aparAjita zrutakevalI govarddhana zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu 1. sudharmA 2. jambU 3. prabhava 4. zvayabhata 5. yazobhadra 6. saMbhUtavijaya 7. bhadrabAhu 12 varSa 20 varSa 38 varSa 14 varSa 16 varSa 25 varSa 17 varSa 29 varSa 162 varSa zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 170 varSa nimnAnusAra hai / 20 varSa 44 varSa 11 varSa 23 varSa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 50 varSa 8 varSa 14 varSa paMcama zrutakevala bhadrabAhu kA samaya caMdragupta ke samakAlIna ThaharatA hai| smitha ne svIkAra kiyA hai caMdragupta ne jainamuni kA pada aMgIkAra kiyaa|' 1. Vincent Smith, History of India Part IX Page 146 Jain now disposed to believe that the tradition is probably true in livne on its main theme that Chandragupta really abdicted & became Jain ascetic. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 64 www.kobatirth.org 'tiloyapaNNati' meM spaSTa hai ki mukuTadhara rAjAoM meM aMtima caMdragupta nAmaka nareza ne jinendra dIkSA grahaNa kii| bhadrabAhu kA jIvana zramaNabelagolA ke maMdira, mUrtiyoM, kiMvadaMtiyoM ke lipiyoM ke AdhAra para DA. basaMtakumAra caTarjI dvArA nirmita huA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki bhadrabAhu kI dIkSA AcArya yazobhadra ke pAsa vIra nirvANa saMvat 131 ke bAda huI / bhadrabAhu 45 varSa taka gRhastha meM rahe aura 14 varSa taka saMgha ke eka mAtra saMgha ke eka mAtra AcArya rahe aura vIra nirvANa 170 ke varSa meM 66 varSa kI Ayu meM inakA nirvANa huA / bhadrabAhu ne hI dakSiNa bhArata ko jainadharma ke raMga meM raMga kara jainamata ke vikAsa meM abhUtapUrva yoga diyA / kadamba aura cAlukyavaMzI rAjA ajaina hone para bhI jainadharma para vizeSa anurAga rakhate the / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhadrabAhu kA janma brAhmaNa parivAra meM vIra nirvANa saM. 94 meM huA aura 45 varSa ke gRhasthAzrama ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saMvat 139 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pA~caveM vaTTadhara AcArya yazobhadrasvAmI ke pAsa nirgratha zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kii| vIra nirvANa saMvat 148 meM AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke sAtha Apako bhI AcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke chaThe paTTadhara AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saMvat 156 meM saMgha ke saMcAlana kI pUrNa bAgaDora sambhAla lii| AcArya bhadrabAhu ko - AcarAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzruta skandha, kalpa, vyavahAra, sUrya prajJapti, aura RSibhASita ina dasa sUtroM, bhadrabAhu saMhitA aura vAsudeva caritra nAmaka graMtha kA kartA mAnA jAtA hai| Apako digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM pA~caveM tathA aMtima zrutakevalI mAnA jAtA hai / aneka lekhakoM ne ApakI bhAvapUrNa stuti kI hai| aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM hI digambara aura zvetAmbara - matabheda kA sUtrapAta ho cukA thaa| digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM ke graMthoM se dekhane se patA calatA hai ki bhadrabAhu kaI hue / digambara paramparAoM meM bhadrabAhu nAma ke 6 AcArya hue haiM aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM do AcArya / 1. tiloyappaNNati, 4/1481 zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jainamata meM eka yuga kA paTAkSepa hotA hai, kyoMki bhadrabAhu ke jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM hI akhaNDa jina zAsana digambara aura zvetAmbara kI do dhArAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA aura usake pazcAt zane zane aneka gaNoM, saMghoM aura sampradAyoM meM ba~Ta gayA aura sampradAyavAda ke raMga meM raMga gyaa| ur3adharesuM caritto jiNa divakhaM dhara dicandaguttoya | tato maur3adharA duppavvajajaM Neya girhati // For Private and Personal Use Only

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osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa mahAvIra yuga meM hI 'upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra vIra nirvANa saM. 70 meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke AcAryoM meM sAtaveM paTTa ratnaprabhasUri ne upakezanagara (osiyAM) meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| 'upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI' meM ullekha hai ki bhinnamAla ke rAjA bhImasena ke putra puMja kA rAjakumAra utpaladeva apane pitA se ruSTa hokara kSatriya maMtrI uhar3a ke sAtha bhinnamAla se nikala par3A aura usane 12 yojanA lambe caur3e kSetra meM upakezanagara bsaayaa| vahA~ AhAra pAnI kI anupalabdhi thii| eka dina upakezanagara ke rAjA utpala ke dAmAda trailokyasiMha ko, jo maMtrI uhar3a kA putra thA, eka bhayaMkara viSidhara ne Dasa liyaa| usa samaya AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne use jIvana dAna diyaa| usa adbhuta ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara aneka kSatriyoM ne jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura ve mahAjana khlaae| yahI mahAjana bhaviSya ke upakezanagara ke nAma ke kAraNa osavAla khlaae| AcArya ratnaprabhu ne saccikAdevI ko osavAloM kI kuladevI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| 'pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa' meM AcArya ratnaprabhasuri kI avicchinna paramparA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra yuga ke aMtima caraNa meM osa (vAla) vaMza kA bIjAropaNa mahAjana vaMza ke rUpa meM upakezanagara, uesanagara athavA osiyA meM huaa| mahAvIrottara yuga : jainamata kA prasArakAla . vividha pradezoM meM jainamata kA prasAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt jainamata kA prasAra pUre deza meM huA aura unake dvArA batAe rAste ko aMgIkAra kara zrAvaka dharma ke nikaSa para khare utarane lge| mahAvIra ke pazcAt, prakRti ke vinAza ke pazcAt bhI pUre deza meM tIrthaMkAroM kI mUrtiyAM, vihAra, guphAeM, maMdira ke rUpa meM deza meM jainamata kI lambI virAsata milatI hai| osavaMza ne bhI jainamata kI lambI sAMskRtika virAsata ko apane bhItara saMjo kara rakhA hai| __ jaina samAja kA deza meM choTA samudAya hai, jinheM alpasaMkhyaka kahA jA sakatA hai aura jaba alpasaMkhyaka samudAyoM- muslima, sikha, IsAI, bauddha aura pArasI kI bAta AtI hai, to unheM dUra taka ise bahusaMkhyaka hindU samAja kA aMga (Offshoot) mAna liyA jAtA hai| eka samaya meM ve alpasaMkhyaka nahIM the| zramaNa sabhyatA pUre deza meM phailI huI thii| jainamata kI kahAnI meM bihAra ne eka viziSTa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| varddhamAna yA mahAvIra bihArI kI dharatI meM hI jnme| bihAra tIna tIrthaMkAroM- zItalanAtha, munisuvrata aura neminAtha kI 1. Jain Journal, Mahaveer Jayanti Special, Page 146 The Jains today are a small community in this country which may reasonably be called a minority and yet when minorities are usually referred to the muslims, the sikhs, the Christians, the Budhists, the Parsis, the Jain are scarcely remembered or mentioned as if they are a remote offshoot of a dominant Hindu majority For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 66 anantanAtha bhI janmabhUmi rahI hai| isake atirikta bIsa tIrthaMkAroM- ajitanAtha (dvitIya), sambhavanAtha (tRtIya), abhinandana (caturtha), sumatinAtha (paMcama), padamaprabhu (SaSTa), supArzvanAtha (saptama), suvidhinAtha (navam), zItalanAtha ( dazam ), zreyAMsanAtha (ekAdaza), vimalanAtha (terahaveM), (caudahaveM), dharmanAtha (pandrahaveM), zAMtinAtha (solahaveM), kuMtInAtha (satrahaveM), aranAtha (aTThArahaveM), mallinAtha (unnIsaveM), munisuvrata ( bIsaveM), neminAtha ( ikkIsaveM) aura pArzvanAtha ( taibIsaveM ) tIrthaMkAroM kI nirvANabhUmi rahI hai| bhagavAna RSabha ne prastara yuga kI samApti aura kRSiyuga ke prArambha ke pahale magadha meM upadeza diyA thaa| yahIM azoka ke pautra samprAti ne jainamata kA pracAra bhArata meM hI nahIM, sudUra aphagAnistAna meM bhI kiyA / ' mAnavIya arthavattA ke kAraNa jainamata dUra dUra taka phailaa| bihAra ke rAjAoM meM zreNika (bimbasAra), kuNIka (ajAtazatru) ceTaka, jItazatru, naMdivarddhana, candragupta, samprAti aura salIyuka jainamata ke anuyAyI the / 2 bihAra meM aneka jaina mUrtiyAM hai, kintu anekoM ko bauddhamata kI mAna liyA gayA hai, phira bhI jaina purAnavezeSoM kI dRSTi se bihAra sampanna hai / hajArIbAga jile meM pArzvanAtha pahAr3I pavitra sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| paTanA ke ajAyabaghara meM gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI jaina mUrtiyAM upalabdha hai| bihAra meM rAjagRha, nAlaMdA, pAvApurI, aura pATalIputra meM jaina purAvazeSa upalabdha hai| mrAvaka pahAr3I meM eka guphA meM pArzvanAtha kI sundara mUrti hai| zahabAda meM chaThI zatAbdI se navIM zatAbdI taka kI jainamUrtiyAM upalabdha haiN| mAravAr3a ke rAThaur3a jaina yahAM basa gae the, unake dvArA sthApita caudahavIM zatAbdI kI eka mUrti meM 1386 I aMkita hai| ArA aura usake nikaTa DAlamiyA nagara meM eka jaina maMdira hai| karaNagar3ha meM karaNa ke rAjakumAra ne jainamata svIkAra kiyA thA aura isakA pracAra kiyaa| pATalIputra jaina sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / yahIM jaina vidvAna bhadrabAhu aura sthUlibhadra hue aura yahIM prathama jainasabhA huI / pAvApurI jainiyoM kA prasiddha tIrtha hai| rAjagRha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aneka bAra upadeza diye| yahAM cInI hvenasAMga ne sAtavIM zatAbdI meM nirgratha muniyoM ko dekhA / ' udayagirI kI pahAr3iyoM kI eka guphA meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| rAjagRha meM 212 phITa lambI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai, jinake sira para saptamukhI sarva chatra banAe hue haiN| rAjagRha meM hI tIna jaina mUrtiyoM- gautama svAmI, sudharmasvAmI aura svAmI nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| ina tIna gaNadharoM kI janmabhUmi bhI bihAra hI hai| isa prakAra 1. Jain Journal, April 69, Page 147 2. vahI, pR 147 www.kobatirth.org 3. vahI, pR 157. 4. vahI, pR 158. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir The grandson of Ashoke Samprati was converted to the creed and spread the gospel of Jainism, not only in different parts of India, but even in the distant land of Afganistan. Among the kings of Bihar who followed Jainism, mention may be made of Srenik (Bimbsar) Kunika (Ajat Satru) Cetake, Jit Satru, Nandivardhan, Chandragupta, Samprati, Salisuka. Some Rathor Jains of Marwar had settled at Mesarh in the 14th century A.D. and an inscribed Jain image bearing the date 1386 could be seen at Masarh. The Chinese traveller Hieun Tsang visited India in the 7th century A. D. noticed Nirgrantha on the Vaibhara hill. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. Jain Journal, Page 166. jaina ke purAvazeSoM kI dRSTi se bihAra zIrSa para hai / Aja baMgAla meM jainamata luptaprAya: hai, kintu eka samaya aisA nahIM thA / mahAvIra ne baMgAla meM bhI yAtrA kI thI / bhadrabAhu kA janma baMgAla meM huaa| guptakAla meM eka tAMbe kI pleTa pAMcavI zatAbdI (478-79 I) kI upalabdha hai, jo eka jaina purAvazeSa hai| hvenasAMga ne bhI baMgAla nirgratha sAdhuoM ko dekhaa| baMgAla meM navIM aura dasavIM zatAbdI kI aneka jainamUrtiyAM upalabdha hai / RSabha kI mUrtiyAM dhyAnamudrA aura kAyotsarga kI mudrA meM yahA~ milatI hai| baMgAla ke aneka jiloM ke sAtha sundaravana ke janapadoM meM bauddhamata aura hindUmata ke sAtha jainamata bhI eka zaktirUpa meM upasthita thA / ' 2. vahI, pR 166 3. vahI, pR 166 ur3IsA meM jainamata kA itihAsa pArzvanAtha aura unake bhI pahale aTThArahaveM tIrthaMkara aranAtha taka jAtA hai, jinheM prathama bhikSA rAyapurA meM milii| 2 pArzvanAtha kA kaliMga ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai / jainamata kA sambandha ur3IsA se teisaveM tIrthaMkara se rahA hai, jinhoMne isa deza ke AdhyAtmika jIvana ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai|' mahAvIra ke pitA kaliMga ke zAsaka ke mitra the aura mahAvIra ne upadeza dene ke liye tosAlI aura mosAlI kI yAtrA kI thii| haThIgumphA zilAlekha kI caudahavIM paMkti meM DA. jAyasavAla batAte haiM ki kaliMga ke kumArI pahAr3iyoM meM mahAvIra ne vyaktigata rUpa se upadeza diyA thA / ' caMdragupta ke sAmrAjya meM kaliMga nahIM thA, kyoMki vaha aise rAjya para AkramaNa nahIM cAhatA thA, jo usake hI dharma ko mAnatA ho / ' kaliMga meM jainamata kA svarNayuga khAravela ke samaya meM thA / ' khAravela ke samaya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai aura yaha samaya cauthI, tIsarI, dUsarI aura pahalI zatAbdI meM ho sakatA hai| khAravela ke samaya meM jainamata kA bahuta pracAra huA / yahA~ eka sammelana bhI huA, jaba AgamoM ko lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| isake sAdhu zvetAmbara 4. vahI, pR 168 www.kobatirth.org 5. vahI, pR 168 6. vahI, pR 169 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 67 Jainism continued to be a potent force along with Budhism & Brahminism in the once florishing Janpadas of the Sunderbans, now wild & forlorn. All these indicate that possibly Jainism was introduced into Orissa by the twenty third Tirthankara and it exercised a considerable influence in the spiritual life of the country. Dr. Jayaswal on the basis of the Hathigumpha inscription also holds that Mahavira personally preached his religion in the Kumari Hill of Kalinga. The farflung empire of Chandragupta did not inclnde Kalinga probably due to the fact that it was a land of Jainism & Chandragupta did not like to wage war on a country which professed his own religion. For Private and Personal Use Only The golden age of Jainism prevailed in Kalinga under illustrious Kharvala.

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68 paramparA ke the, kyoMki ve zveta vastra dhAraNa karate the|' khAravela ke pazcAt tRtIya zatAbdI kI eka svarNamudrA prApta huI hai aura yaha tRtIya zatAbdI ke mahArAjA dharmadhara kI hai| DA. alTekara ke anusAra ye murandA parivAra ke khAra velottara yuga ke jaina zAsaka the| isake pazcAt kaliMga meM bauddhamata lokapriya ho gyaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hvenasAMga ne kaliMga meM nigraMtha sAdhuoM ko dekhA thaa| usa samaya khaNDagiri aura padyagiri meM jainamata lokapriya thaa| bAlAsora ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra kumArasena dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA jainamata kA adhyApaka thaa| ur3IsA meM AThavIM se lekara gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM jaina mata kA bahata pracAra thA, isakA pramANa isa kAla kI upalabdha mUrtiyAM haiN| isake pazcAt vaiSNavamata aura jagannAtha pUjA ke kAraNa ur3IsA meM jainamata kA hrAsa huaa| jagannAtha meM bhI nAtha zabda kA upayoga jainamata ke prabhAva ke kAraNa thaa| ur3IsA jaina kalAoM kI dRSTi se samRddha hai| jaipura, nandapura, bhairavasiMhapura meM jaina tIrthaMkAroM kI aneka mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI hai| kaTaka ke jaina maMdira meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM hai| aba vahA~ zramaNa sabhyatA kevala eka choTe samudAya taka sImita hai, kintu AThavIM zatAbdI taka isakA vahA~ vyApaka prasAra thaa| madhyapradeza meM mauryakAlIna aura guptakAlIna jaina avazeSa naSTa hone ke kAraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| vidizA ke udayagirI kI guphA meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti upalabdha hai, jinake sira ke Upara sAMpa va chatra hai| khajurAho meM hindU maMdiroM ke atirikta tIna jaina maMdira hai| ina maMdiroM meM eka ghaMTiyA maMdira hai| ghaMTiyA maMdira ke uttara pUrva meM AdinAtha kA maMdira hai aura tIsarA maMdira pArzvanAtha kA hai| caMdelA sAmrAjya ke pahale kA dasavIM zatAbdI kA jinanAtha maMdira hai, jisameM solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAthakI 16 phITa kImati zAMti kI sahI pratimA hai| AThavIM zatAbdIka caMdela rAjya caMdravarmA ke samaya kI saiMkar3oM jaina mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI hai| devagar3ha meM gurjara parihAra rAjAoM ke samaya kA 784 I. kA eka maMdira hai| isake zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki yaha nAgabhaTTa dvitIya ke pautra aura vatsarAja ke prapautra bhojadeva kA zilAlekha hai| 1294 I meM yahA~ jainamata kA bahuta pracAra thaa| eka maMdira meM zAMtinAtha kI 12 phITa kI mUrti hai| purAtatva vibhAga ko yahA~ jaina sambandhI 1200 zilAlekha prApta hue haiN| gvAliyara meM hindU, bauddha aura jaina- tInoM kI 1. Jain Journal, Page 170 The monks appear to have belonged to the Svetambara order as they wore pieces of clothes and robes. 2. vahI, pR 170 A gold coin of the Maharaja Rajdhiraja Dharmdhar of the 3rd century A.D. has been found form Sisupalgarh in course of the excavation and according to Dr. A.S. Altelcar, he was probably a Jain king of the Murunda family, who controled Orissa in the post Kharvala period. 3. vahI, pR 172 Further inscription from Balsore mentions one Kumarsena who seems to have been a Jain teacher of the 10th century A.D. 4. vahI, pR 175 5. vahI, pR 176 6. vahI, pR 177 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha hai| isake kile meM chaThI zatAbdI ke kacchavAhA vaMza ke vajradamma jainadharma kA bhakta thA, usane eka jainamUrti sthApita kii| isake pratihAra zAsaka bhI jainadharma ke bhakta the, jinakA zAsana 1593 I taka claa| yaha sabhI jainadharma, jaina saMskRti, jaina sAdhuoM ke sahayogIthe, isaliye isa yuga ko jainadharma kA svarNayuga kaha sakate haiN|' hAthIdvAra aura sAsa bahUdvAra ke bIca ke eka jaina maMdira ko masjida meM parivartita kiyA gyaa| urbahI geTa ke pAsa 75 phITa U~cI eka AdinAtha kI mUrti hai| devakuNDa jaina saMskRti meM digambara paramparA kA kendra thaa| gvAliyara bhI bhaTTArakoM kA mahatvapUrNa kendra thaa| velsA jile ke udayagiri meM to 425-26 I. kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti milI hai| naravAr3A meM 1213 I aura 1348 I ke madhya kI mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI hai| aisA patA calatA hai ki madhyapradeza meM digambara paramparA kA varcasva thaa| ___ jahA~ taka uttarapradeza kA prazna hai, yaha jainamata kI dRSTi se ati prAcIna hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva yahIM ayodhyA meM aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vArANasI meM janme / koI Azcarya nahIM ki IsA kI ATha zatAbdI ke pahale se lekara dasavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI taka jainamata kA yahA~ bahuta pracAra-prasAra huaa| ayodhyA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke alAvAajitanAtha, abhinandana, sumatinAtha aura anantanAtha kI bhI janmabhUmi rahI hai| sarayU nadI ke kinAre kucha jainamaMdira haiN| zrAvastI tIsare tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kI janmabhUmi thii| kausAmbI chaThe tIrthaMkara padmaprabhu kI janmabhUmi thii| sAranAtha meM gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha, candrapurI meM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabhu, phaijAbAda ke kampilA meM terahaveM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha, ratanapurA meM pandrahaveM tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha aura hastinApura meM solahaveM, satrahaveM aura aTThArahaveM tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha aura aranAtha jnme| AgarA ke pAsa saurIdAra meM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha janme / mathurA jainamata kA prAcIna kendra rahA hai| yahA~ tIsarI zatAbdI kA jainastUpa upalabdha hai| jinaprabha sUrike anusAra yahA~ yakSa kubera ne sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ke sammAna meM eka stUpa kA nirmANa krvaayaa| mathurA ke jaina samudAya ne kevala cAra tIrthaMkaroM kA hI cayana kiyA- prathama RSabhanAtha, sAtaveM supArzvanAtha, tebIsaveM pArzvanAtha aura caubIsaveM mhaaviir| jainamata kA udgama sarvaprathama pUrvI bhArata meM huA aura phira isakA prasAra pUre bhArata meM phailaa| jahA~ isakA udgama huA, vahA~ isane varcasva kho diyA, kintu dakSiNaaura pazcima meM isake 1. Jain Journal, April 69, Page 179 All of them were great patrons of Jain religion, Jain culture & Jain monks & this religion, therefore had its golden age in this region. 2. vahI, pR 181. 3. vahI, pR 183 It is no wonder therfore, that Jainism was in a most flourishing condition from the 8th century B.C. to the 10th or 12th centuries A.D. in Uttar Pradesh. 4. vahI, pR185 5. vahI, pR 186 According to Jinprabha Suri, it believed that the ancient stupa was erected by Kuvera Yaksa in honour of 7th Tirthankara Suparsvanath For Private and Personal Use Only

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70 prasAra ne rAjanItika, sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika kSetroM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI jainamata ne avibhAjita paMjAba meM praveza kiyaa|' jaina sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM ke bhramaNa aura azoka ke pautra samprAti ke kAraNa jainamata kA dUra dUra taka pracAra huaa| takSazilA meM 500 jaina maMdira haiN| RSabha ne bharata ko ayodhyA aura bAhubali ko takSazilA sauMpA thaa| har3appA meM khudAI meM jo miTTI kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM, unakI tulanA rAmaprasAda caMdA ne jainamUrtiyoM se kI hai| vizeSa rUpa se isakI tulanA mathurA meM upalabdha RSabha kI kAyotsarga kI mudrA se kI jA sakatI hai| RSabha vRSabha kA apabhraMza hai aura baila RSabha kA pratIka cihna hai| siMdhu ghATI meM pRSThabhUmi meM baila hai| yaha sahaja hI patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki dhyAna kI mudrA jo jainamata meM hai, vahI hajAroM varSa pahale siMdhu ghATI kI sabhyatA meM thii| prAcIna sthaloM se bhAvIkhoja se patA calegA ki donoM meM kitanI samAnatA hai| kAMgar3A kI ghATI eka samaya meM jainamata se sampanna thii| multAna meM kharataragaccha ke jinadattasUri ne saMvata 1169 meM caturmAsa kiyA thaa| 1582 I. meM bIkAnera ke maMtrI jaina baniyA karmacaMda ne akabara ke darabAra meM zaraNa lekara yahA~ AvAsa kiyaa| karmacaMda ke kAraNa akabara ke darabAra meM jainamata kI pratiSThA meM vRddhi huI aura isa samaya jinacaMdrasUri ne akabara ko prabhAvita kiyaa| paMjAba meM mAravAr3a se kaI zrAvaka parivAra aura sAdhu paMjAba ke zaharoM meM Ae aura basa gye| jaina sAdhuoM ne apane upAsare bhI sthApita kiye| badalI kA zilAlekha batAtA hai ki pAMcavI zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM jainamata vidyamAna thaa| sAvatIM zatAbdI se lekara Adhunika samaya taka yaha dharma rAjasthAna meM U~ce pada para sAdhuoM ke bhavya vyaktitva, zAsakoM aura rAjakumAroM ke sahayoga aura dhanI vaNika varga kI udAratA ke phalasvarUpa rhaa| 1276 I. ke bhInamAla ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra mahAvIra svayaM zrImAla nagara padhAre aura isase yaha patA calatA hai ki yahA~ jainamata kA khUba prasAra thaa| gautama zrImAlanagara ke brAhmaNoM se aprasanna the| ve vahA~ se kAzmIra prasthAna kara gaye aura zrImAlanagara lauTane para inhoMne 1. Jain Journal, Apil, 1969, Page 190 2. vahI, pR 192. 3. vahI, pR 192. It can reasonably be inferred that a cult of meditation similar to that practised by jainas formed part of the Indus Valley civilization thousand years ago. Further discoveries from other ancient sites might reveal more signs of resemblance between the Indus Cult and Jain religion. 4. vahI, pR 194 That the valley of Kangra was once a flourishing centre of Jainism. 5. vahI, pR 199 From the 7th century A.D. through modern times, this religion has remained on a high pedestal in Rajasthan by the lofty personalities of the Sadhus, the cooperation of the rulers & the princes and the magnanimity of the business community. For Private and Personal Use Only

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71 vaizyoM ko jainamata meM dIkSita kiyaa|' 1369 I. ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra mahAvIra svayaM apane jIvana ke saiMtIsaveM varSa arbudabhUmi pdhaare| badalI ke zilAlekha se yaha patA calatA hai ki rAjasthAna meM jainamata kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 84 varSa kI tithi ke isa zilAlekha meM eka sthala majjamikA kA ullekha hai| yaha vastuta: cittaur3a ke pAsa kA madhyamikA hai, jisakA paMtajali ke 'mahAbhASya' meM ullekha hai| isa zahara kI nIMva priyagraMtha ne rakhI, jo tIsarI zatAbdI ke suhAstI kA ziSya thaa| mauryakAla meM rAjasthAna meM jainamata sampanna thaa| sAhityika pramANa aura zilAlekha se siddha hai ki caMdragupta jaina thaa| isake sAmrAjya meM rAjasthAna kA bhI kucha aMza thaa| isane gaMgANI meM eka maMdira meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sthApita kI thii| jaina itihAsa meM azoka ke pautra samprAti ko jaina azoka kahA jAtA hai| yaha paramparA se mAnya hai ki usane rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mAlavA meM aneka maMdira nirmita kiye| grIka strotoM ne mAnA hai ki pazcimI bhArata meM usa samaya kaI nagna sAdhu the, jo bhUkhe rahakara mRtyu ko prApta hote the aura unakA samAja meM bahuta sammAna thaa| kaI mahilAeM unake nirdeza se saMyama kA jIvana bitAkara dharma aura darzana kA adhyayana karatI thii| zakakAla meM bhIjainamata kAU~cA sthAna prApta thaa| vikramAditya ke samaya meM mAlavA gaNarAjya dakSiNI pUrvI rAjasthAna kA eka aMga thA aura jainamata pazcimI bhArata meM 1. Jain Journal, April 63, Page 199. It is known from an inscription (1276) obtained at Vinmal that Mahavira has himself come to Srimalnagar. Even the text of the Srimal Mahatamya reveals the flourishing nature of Jainism here. According to it, Gautam became unhappy at the behaviour of Brahmins of Srimalnagar and went to Kashmir on his return to Srimalnagar, he converted the Vaisyas to Jainism. 2. vahI, pR 199 From an inscription (V. 1369) obtained Mungsthale, it is known that Mahavira had himself come to Arbudhbhumi during the 37th years of his life. 3. vahI, pR200 In the greatest evidence in support of the propogation of Jainism in Rajasthan is contained in the Badli inscription dated 84th year affer the death of Mahavira, it has a a mention of a place called Magghamika. This is the same Madhyamika of Chittor of which Patanjali makes mention in the Mahabhasya. 4. vahI, pR200 The foundation of the city was laid by Priyagranta, a disciple of Suhasti in the 3rd century. 5. vahI, pR200 In the Jain history, he (Samprati) is known as Jain Ashoka. According to tradition he erected many temples & images in Rajasthan, Gujrat & Malva. 6. vahI, pR200 According to them many nudist monks, when they called Gymmosophists used to move about in this region. They expressed themselves to hardships & converted death by starvation. They held a position of esteem in society. ladies practised restraint & studied religion & philosophy under their guidance. For Private and Personal Use Only

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72 eka jIvanta dharma thaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra vikramAditya svayaM jaina ho gayA thaa| jaina graMthoM ke anusAra ajamera aura puSkara ke bIca meM harSapurA meM karIba 300 jaina maMdira the, kintu itihAsa meM harSapurA ke nAma kA astitva vidyamAna nahIM hai| zravaNavelagolA ke eka lekha ke anusAra sAmaMtabhadra dUsarI zatAbdI meM jainamata ke pracAra ke liye mAlavA gayA thA, jo dakSiNI pazcimI rAjasthAna kA eka aMga thaa| hvenasAMga ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki jainamata kA pracAra takSazilA se sudUra dakSiNa taka thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke vasatagar3ha maMdira se yaha patA calatA hai ki usa samaya rAjasthAna meM jainamata kA astitva thaa| AThavIM aura navIM zatAbdI meM haribhadra sUri ke prayatnoM se isa dharma kA rAjasthAna meM khUba prasAra huaa| muslima yAtriyoM ne AThavIM navIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM jainamata kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| kaI ne bauddha mUrtiyoM aura jaina mUrtiyoM ke bIca bheda nahIM kiyA aura jaina mUrtiyoM ko bauddha mUrtiyAM mAna liyaa| yahI galtI Age calakara yUropiyanoM ne kii| abajaidula ne jina nagna sAdhuoM kA varNana kiyA, ve bauddhabhikSu na hokara jaina saadhuthe| jainamata kA atyadhika vikAsa rAjapUta kAla meM huA, ve sahanazIla the aura jainamata ke prasAra meM pUrNa sahayoga diyaa| pratihAroM ke samaya meM jainamata kA acchA samaya thaa| osiyA meM vatsarAja ne mahAvIra mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| 783 I meM jinasena ne apane isa zAsaka kA ullekha harivaMzapurANa' meM kiyA hai| isako uttarAdhikArI nAgabhaTTa 792 I. meM zAsaka banA, jo jaina sAdhu bappabhaTTa sUri kA prazaMsaka thA aura isake Adeza se isane aneka sthAnoM para jaina maMdira nirmita krvaae| 840 I meM mihirabhojazAsaka banA jo, govindasUri se prabhAvita thaa| kukkuka maNDora kA pratihAra zAsaka thaa| yaha saMskRta kA vidvAna aura jainamata kA saMrakSaka thA / ghaTiyAlA zilAlekha ke anusAra isane 861 I. meM eka jainamaMdira kA nirmANa 1. Jain Journal, April 63, Page 201 During the region of Vikramaditya, the Malwa Republic was a part of South East Rajasthan & Jainism was a living religion in western India. According to Jain tradition vikramaditya himself became a Jain. 2. vahI, pR201 It is known from Huen Tsang"s account that Jainism was practised from Taxila to the extreme south. 3. vahI, pR. 202 In the Vasatgarh temples there is an image of the 7th century A.D. This supports the existence of Jainism in Rajasthan in this century. In the 8th & 9th centuries this religion became widespread in Rajasthan by the efforts of noted Haribhadra Suri. 4. vahI, pR202 We know of the existence of Jainism in the 8th & 9th Centuries from Muslim Travellers. 5. vahI, pR203 Jainism had a good time under the Pratihars. There is a Mahavira Temple at Osia, that was built by Vatsraja. 6. vahI, pR203 For Private and Personal Use Only

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73 krvaayaa| cauhAnoM ke kAla meM jainamata kAkhUba pracAra huaa| jinadatta sUri arNerAjakA samakAlIna thaa| nADola meM 960-1252 I. ke bIca cauhAnoM ne zAsana kiyaa| cauhAna azvarAja ne jainamata svIkAra kiyA aura rAjya meM pazuvadha kA niSedha kiyaa| isa sambandha meM aneka zilAlekha upalabdha haiN| cAvar3A (Cavadas) aura cAlukyoM meM bhI jainamata acchI sthiti meM rhaa| cAvar3A zAsaka banarAja ne silAganA sUri (Silagana Suri) ko nimaMtrita kiyA aura apanA samasta zAsana inake caraNoM meM rakha diyaa| inhoMne yaha svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isake badale vanarAja ne anahipurA pATana meM pArzvanAtha kA eka mandira banavAyA aura zrImAla aura marudhara deza ke vyApAriyoM ko anahilapurA meM basane ke liye AmaMtrita kiyA / cAlukya zAsakoM jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ke kAla meM jainamata kA vyApaka prasAra huaa| jayasiMha ke kAla meM digambara sAdhu kumudacaMdra aura zvetAmbara sAdhu devasUri ke bIca zAstrArtha huaa| kumArapAla ne to jainamata svIkAra kara liyaa| bhIma dvitIya ke kAla meM do zaktizAlI puruSoM - vAstupAla aura tejapAla ne 1230 I meM mAuNTa AbU meM prasiddha jainamaMdira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| paramAra rAjAoM ke kAla meM bhI jainamata kI atyadhika pragati huii| mAlavA ke paramAra zAsaka bhI jainamata ke prati sahAnubhUti rakhate the| mevAr3a sirohI, koTA aura jhAlAvAr3a isa sAmrAjya ke adhIna the| mAlavA ke zAsaka narovarmana ke kAla meM jinavallabha sUri prasiddha jainasAdhu the, jinakI vidvattA se rAjA AtaMkita the| rAThaur3oM kA haTUNDI meM dasavIM zatAbdI meM zAsana rhaa| vAsudevAcArya ke parAmarza para vidgdharAja ne eka RSabhadeva kA maMdira banavAyA aura bhUmi dAna meM dii| dasavIM gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM bharatapura meM jainamata kA vyApaka pracAra huaa| isI taraha mevAr3a, vAgdeza (DUMgarapura, bAMsavAr3ApratApagar3ha) koTA, sirohI, jaisalamera, jodhapura, bIkAnera, jayapura meM jainamata kA vyapAka pracAra huaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM jinezvara sUri kI kRpA se putra prApta hone para bhATI rAjapUtoM ne ludravA meM pArzvanAtha maMdira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| jodhapura meM eka osavAla khaMjAcI ne bhImadeva ke zAsana meM 1168 I meM satyapura (sAMcora) meM eka maMdira bnvaayaa| bIkAnera ke mahArAja rAyasiMha jainamata ke bhakta the| inhoMne karmacaMdra kI prArthanA para akabara se lUTe gaye 1052 mUrtiyAM (sirohI kI) punaH prApta kii| jayapura meM kachavAhA zAsakoM ke rAjya meM lagabhaga 50 jaina dIvAna rhe| alavara meM gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI kI jaina mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI hai| isa prakAra rAjasthAna meM jainamata kA praveza to mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI ho gayA, kintu sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara Ajataka jainamata kA vyApaka prasAra huaa| vastuta: osavAla jAti kA udbhava aura nAmakaraNa bhI rAjasthAna meM hI huaa| zatAbdiyoM se gujarAta jainamata kI zaktizAlI bhUmi rahI hai| RSabha aura neminAtha ne zatrujaya aura giranAra meM tapasyA kI thii| pAMcavI zatAbdI meM saurASTra ke vallabhI meM eka jaina sammelana huaathaa| 'kuvalayamAlA' ke anusAra chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM yahA~ aneka jaina maMdira the| cAlukya zAsaka durlabha rAja ke kAla meM varddhamAnasUri aura inake ziSya jinezvara sUri hue| 1024 1. Jain Journal, April 1963, Page 203 2. vahI, pR212 In the 5th century of Christian era, a conference of Jain monks was held at Vallabhi in Saurastra. For Private and Personal Use Only

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74 I. meM eka zAstrArtha huaa| vimalanAtha kA prasiddha aura bhavyamaMdira batAtA hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta meM jainamata kitanA adhika lokapriya thaa| siddharAja ke kAla meM gujarAta meM jainamata ne eka nayA itihAsa racA, jaba unake darabAra meM digambaroM kI hAra aura zvetAmbaroM kI vijaya huii|' isakA ullekhaeka samakAlIna nATaka 'mudritA kumudacaMdra' meM hai| yaha zAstrArtha digambara santa kumudacaMdra aura zvetAmbara santa devacandrasUri (1086-1169 I) ke bIca huI thii| yaha zAstrArtha siddharAja ke samakSa 1181 I. kI vaisAkha kI pUrNimA ko huaathaa| isake pazcAt gujarAta meM zvetAmbara paramparA phliiphuulii| siddharAja ne eka maMdira kA bhI nirmANa krvaayaa| kumArapAla bhI gujarAta meM jainamata kA mahatvapUrNa sahAyaka aura saMrakSaka thaa| kumArapAla ne kaI jaina maMdira bnvaae| jAlora ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki kumArapAla hemaprabhasUri ke jJAna se prabhAvita the| kumArapAla ke pazcAt gujarAta meM rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke sthAna para vaNikoM kA saMrakSaNa milaa| vastupAla aura tejapAla ne kaI jainamaMdira bnvaae| vastupAla ne giranAra kA maMdira bnvaayaa| udayaprabhasUri donoM bhAiyoM vastupAla aura tejapAla ke guru the| vastupAla aura tejapAla ke pazcAt gujarAta meM jainamata meM koI mahAn aitihAsika vyakti nahIM jur3A, kintu gujarAta meM jainamata pUrI zakti se apanI jar3eM jamA cukA thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM prArambha se hI digambara sampradAya kA ghara rahA hai aura vahA~ zvetAmbara sampradAya ke liye bahuta kama avkaashrhaa| jainoM kA dakSiNa bhArata meM darzana, vyAkaraNa, vAstukalA, zilpakalA, sAhitya aura citrakalA kI dRSTi se gauravapUrNa avadAna rahA hai| jainoM ne tamila sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai / IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdI se hI dakSiNa bhArata meM jainamata kAkhUba pracAra huaa| aneka purAvazeSa-zilAlekha, mUrtiyAM, maMdira aura sAhitya sAmagrI isake jvalaMta pramANa haiN| 1. Jain Jourmal, April, 1963, Page 213 The next land mark in the history of Jainism in Gujrat was the reign of Sidharaja when the Swetambara doctrine became, so to say the legal Jaina doctrine of Gujrat as the result of a debate held in the court of Sidharaja, where the Digambaras had to acknowledge the defeat. 2. vahI, pR.222 South India was the sole abode of Digambar sect from the beginning and that it afforded little quarter to the followers of Swetambar sect. 3. vahI, pR247 The Jaines made a glorious contribution to the philosophy, Grammer, Architecture, Sculpture, Literature and Painting of South India. For Private and Personal Use Only

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75 mahAvIrottara yuga : jainamata kA prasArakAla zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se mahAvIrottara yuga ko nimnAMkita caraNoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| (i) bhadrabAhukAla (dUsarI zatAbdI se solahavIM zatAbdI taka) (ka) AgamavAcanAkAla aura saMghabhedakAla (zrutakevalibhadrabAhu se devarddhi kSamAzramaNa taka) (kha) saMkrAMtikAla aura haribhadrakAla (haribhadrapUri se lagabhaga 1000 I taka) (ga) sampradAyabhedakAla (1000 I se loMkAzAha taka) (ii) vaicArika krAMti athavA loMkAzAha kAla (lokAzAha se Aja taka) (1) bhadrabAhukAla zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se bhadrabAhu ke pazcAta ke itihAsa ko bhadrabAhu kAla kA nAma diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM hI saMghabheda kA bIja par3A ; bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM hI prathama vAcanA kI bhUmikA nirmita ho gaI ; bhadrabAhu ke samaya jisa zvetAmbara paramparA kA bIjAropaNa huA; usI kA pravartana, pravarddhana aura vikAsa Age calakara huaa| ina 1500 varSoM meM pahale saMghabheda huA aura phira sampradAya bhed| lagabhaga 1500 varSoM kA itihAsa bhadrabAhu ke kRtitva se prabhAvita hai, isaliye isakA nAma bhadrabAhukAla denA samIcIna jAna par3atA hai| bhadrabAhu ke samaya se lekara loMkAzAha taka jaina mata kI zvetAmbara paramparA ne kitane hI utAra car3hAva dekhe| (i) (ka) AgamakAla aura saMghabhedakAla (zrutakevali bhadrabAhu se devAddhikSamAzramaNa taka) zrutakevali bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt do ghaTanAeM dhIre dhIre eka sAtha ghaTita huI - (1) AgamoM kI vAcanA aura (2) sNghbhed| jainamata ke itihAsa kI yaha donoM ghaTanAeM eka dUsare se abhinna rUpa se jur3I haiN| bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt hI digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA bIjavapana ho gyaa| pATaliputra vAcanA meM isakA bIjavapana huA, mAthurI vAcanA meM isakA aMkura phUTA aura valabhI vAcanA meM saMghabheda ne vaTavRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| valabhI vAcanA ke ThIka bAda meM zvetAmbara paTa kI patAkA phaharAne lgii| saMghabheda bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha-zvetAmbara aura digambara una do paramparAoM meM vibhakta huA, isa viSaya meM ina donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM meM matabheda hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta maurya ke kAla meM hI jainamata do sampradAyoM digambara aura zvetAmbara meM vibhAjita huaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 76 www.kobatirth.org hariSeNa ke 'vRhatkoza kathA' (vi.sa. 989), devasena ke 'darzanasAra' (vi.sa. 999)', bhAvasaMgraha aura ratnaMdI ke 'bhadrabAhu caritra' Adi digambara graMthoM meM zvetAMbara saMgha ke udbhava kI kathA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir devasena ke 'darzanasAra'' ke anusAra vikramarAjA kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt valabhIpura meM zvetapaTa saMgha utpanna huaa| zrI bhadragaNi ke ziSya zAMtinAtha ke nAma ke AcArya the, unakA jinacaMdra nAma kA eka zithilacArI duSTa ziSya thA / usane mAnA ki vastradhAraNa karane vAlA muni mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / zvetAmbara - digambara kisa samaya utpanna huA- isa prazna para yadi moTe taura para vicAra kiyA jAya to donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM meM koI antara dRSTigocara nahIM hogaa| kevala tIna varSakA antara hai / isa prakAra sampradAya bheda digambara paramparA kI prAcIna evaM sAdhAraNataya vartamAna meM pracalita mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 606 meM aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI sarvasammata mAnyatAnusAra vIranirvANa saMvat 601 meM huA mAnA jAtA hai| DaoN. gulAbacaMdra caudharI ke anusAra IsA kI 4 - 5vIM zatAbdI meM jainasaMgha ke vahA~ vizAla do sampradAya - zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aura nirgratha mahAzramaNa saMgha kA astitva thA / vastutaH kaliMga ke zAsaka khAravela ke samaya meM zvetAmbara mata astitva meM A cukA thaa| yahA~ eka sammelana bhI huA, jaba AgamoM ko lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| inake sAdhu zvetAmbara paramparA ke the, ve zvetavastra dhAraNa karate the / khAravela ke samaya ke bAre meM vivAda hai, yaha samaya IsA ke bAda 4,3,2 aura prathama zatAbdI kA ho sakatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra digambara sampradAya kI sthApanA kaba huI, yaha aba bhI anusaMdhAna sApekSa hai / paramparA se isakI sthApanA vIra nirvANa kI chaThI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM mAnI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara nAma kaba par3A, yaha bhI anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sApekSa zabda haiN| inameM se eka ke nAmakaraNa hone ke bAda hI dUsare ke nAmakaraNa kI AvazyakatA huI / ' zvetAmbara se digambara zAkhA nikalI, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| digambara se zvetAmbara zAkhA kA udbhava huA, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka sampradAya apane ko mUla aura dUsare ko apanI zAkhA batAtA hai| kiMvadantI ke anusAra vIra nirvANa 601 varSa ke pazcAt digambara sampradAya kA janma huA, yaha 1. darzanasAra ekkasae chatrIse vikkabharAyasa maNNapatasya / soraThThe balatIe upaNNo saMghI // 1 // siribhadda bAhugaNiNo sIsoNAmeNa saMti Airio / taesa tha sI TuTTho jiNacaMdo maMdacAritto ||2|| te kiyaM mayayedaM itthINaM Atthe tabbhave mokzo / kevalANANINa puNa aNNa karatAva tahA rogo // 3 // aMbara sahio vi jaI sijyaI vIrassa ganbhacAratai / paraliMge viyamuttI dvAsu yojnaM ca savvattha // 4 // 2. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya khaNDa, pR 10 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3 (mANikacaMda digambara jaina graMthamAlA samiti) prastAvanA, pR 3 4. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ( chaThA saMskaraNa, 1990) pR 66 For Private and Personal Use Only

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77 zvetAmbara mAnate haiM aura digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa 609 meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kA prArambha huA / ' uttarAdhyayana, digambara - zvetAmbara sampradAya kA bIjAropaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ke kAla se jur3a huA hai / ye mahAn jyortidhara AcArya sadA se sarvapriya aura sarvavikhyAta rahe haiN| ye dasa sUtroM- AcarAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, : dazAzruta skandha, kalpa, vyavahAra, sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita kA niyuktikAra mAnA gayA hai| inakA janma vIra nirvANa saMvat 94 meM huA aura Apane vIra nirvANa saMvat 139 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAcaveM paTTadhara yazobhadra svAmI ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kii| digambara paramparA ke anusAra aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM hI digambara - zvetAmbara - isa prakAra ke matabheda kA sUtrapAta ho cukA thA / ' usa samaya madhyapradeza meM bhayaMkara anAvRSTi ke kAraNa duSkAla pdd'aa| AcArya vimalasena ke ziSya AcArya devasena ne digambara paramparA ke prasiddha graMtha 'bhAvasaMgraha' meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI utpatti kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isameM kahA gayA, rAjA vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt soraTha deza kI vallabhI nagarI meM zvetapaTa- zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huI | ujjayinI nagarI meM bhadrabAhu nAmaka eka AcArya the / ve nimittazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita the apane nimitta jJAna ke bala para unhoMne apane saMgha se kahA, yahA~ para nirantara bAraha varSa paryanta bhayaMkara duSkAla kA prakopa rahegA, ataH Apa loga apane apane saMgha ke sAtha anyAnya prAntoM aura kSetroM kI ora cale jAo / bhadrabAhu kI vaha bhaviSyavANI sunakara sabhI gaNanAyakoM ne apane apane saMgha ke sAtha ujjayinI ke vibhinna kSetroM se vihAra kara diyA aura jina pradezoM meM subhikSa thA, vahA~ jAkara vicaraNa karane lge| zAMti nAmaka eka saMghapati apane bahuta se ziSyoM ke sAtha suramya soraTha pradeza kI vallabha nagara meM pahu~cA / ' apane sAdhusaMgha ke sAtha AcArya zAMti ke vallabhI pahu~cane ke pazcAt vahA~ para bhI bar3A bhI bar3A bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| vahA~ ghora duSkAla ke kAraNa aisI vIbhatsa sthiti utpanna ho gaI ki bhUkha se pIr3ita eka loga anya logoM ke peTa cIrakara unakI AMtoM aura ojhariyoM anna nikAla- nikAla kara khAne lage / isa bhayAvaha sthiti se majabUra hokara saMgha ke 1 3. devasena, bhAvasAra, gAthA saMkhyA 52-56 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina paramparA kA itihAsa (chaThA saMskaraNa, 1990) pR67-68 2. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya khaNDa, pR 326 chatrIse varisasae vikkama rAyassa maraNa pattasA / soraTTe ughaNo sevar3a saMgho hu vallahIe 1152 / / AsI ujjeNIyare Ayariyo bhaddabAhu NAyeNa / jANiya suNimittadharo mANiyo saMgho Niyo teNa // 53 // hoha iha dubmikkhaM bAraha barasANi jAva pumpANi / saMtarA gacchaha yi Niya saMgheNa saMjuttA ||54|| soUNa iyaM payaNaM NANA desehi gaNaharA savve / Niya yi saMgha pattA vitariyA jatta sumikkhaM ||55|| eka puNa saMti NAyo saMpatto vallahI NAma NayarIrA / bahusIsa sampautto visae soraTThae ramme ||56|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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78 sabhI sAdhuoM ne kambala, daNDa, tUMbA, pAtra aura AvaraNa hetu zvetavastra dhAraNa kara liye / ' durbhikSa ke samApta hone para usane puna: Adeza diyA ki aba punaH zreSTha AcaraNa ko grahaNa karo, kintu prathama ziSya ne manA kara diyaa| zAMtAcArya ke isa kathana se ruSTa hokara unake usa pradhAna ziSya ne lambe sus se guru ke sira para prahAra kiyA, jisake AghAta se sthavira AcArya kA prANAnta ho gayA aura marakara vyantarajAti ke deva bane / AcArya ke marane para unakA vaha pramukha ziSya saMghAdhipati bana baiThA aura prakaTa meM zvetAmbara ho gyaa| 2. 1. devasena, bhAvasAra, zloka 57-58 AcArya hariSeNa ke 'vRhatakathAkoza' ke anusAra AcArya bhadrabAhu ke svargasidhArane ke pazcAt duSkAla ke samaya zrAvakoM ne nivedana kiyA, Apa loga bhikSApAtra lekara bhikSA lAne hetu rAtri ke samaya hI gharoM meM AyA kreN| rAtri meM lAyA huA AhAra dUsare dina khA liyA kreN| kucha samaya pazcAt una zramaNoM meM se eka atyaMta kRSakAya zramaNa arddharAtri ke samaya bhikSApAtra liye gRhastha ke ghara ne bhikSArtha praviSTa huaa| rAtri ke ghanAnAMdhakAra meM usa nagna sAdhu ke kaMkAlAvaziSTa gRhiNI itanI adhika bhayabhIta huI ki tatkAla usakA garbha gira gyaa| aba zrAvakoM ne zramaNoM se prArthanA kI ki ve apane bAMye skandha para kapar3A (arddhaphAlaka) bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya rakheM / bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya bAyeM hAtha se kapar3e ko Age kI ora kara deM aura dakSiNa hAtha se grahaNa kiye hue pAtra meM bhikSA grahaNa kareM / subhikSa hone para tIna AcArya rAmila, sthUlavRddha aura sthUlabhadrAcArya ne arddhaphAlaka tyAga kara nirgratha muniyoM kA veza dhAraNa kara liyA aura jo sAdhu kaSTa sahana se katarAte the aura jinakA manobala dRr3ha nahIM thA, unhoMne jinakalya aura sthavira kalpa ke vidhAna kI kalpanA kara nirgratha paramparA ke viparIta sthavira kalpa paramparA ko grahaNa kiyaa| 3 digambara paramparA ke apabhraMza ke kavi rayadhU ke "mahAvIra carit' meM sthUlabhadra ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt duSkAla meM sthUlAcArya Adi zramaNoM dvArA pAtradaNDa vastrAdi grahaNa karanA tattha vi yassa jAyaM, Tubbhivala dAruNaM mahAghoraM / jattha viyAriya uyaraM khaddo raMketi kurutti ||57|| taM lahiUNa Nimitta gahiyaM savvehi kambalidaMDa / duddiyapattaM ca tahA pAvattha seyavatsaM ca // 58 // 2. vahI, zloka 66-69 tA saMtiNA pauttaM cariya pamaTThetiM jIviyaM loe / rAyaM Nahu sundaraNaM dUsaNayaM jaiNa maggassa ||66 || NiSNa thaM paNNayaNaM jiNavaraNAheNa AkseyaM paramaM / taM chaDiUNa aNNaM pavatta mANeNa micdataM |167 // tA rUsiUNa pahao sIse sIseNa dIha daMDeNa / thaviro dhArANa muo, jAo sau vitaroM daivo |1681 iyaro saMghAhivai payaDiya pAkhaMDa sevar3o jAo / akkhar3a loe dhammaM samAMthaM atthi NivvANaM ||69 || 3. AcArya hariSeNa, bRhatakathakoza, zloka 66 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tyakta vArddha karpaTaM sadyaH saMsArAttrasta mAnasAH / nairgranthyaM hi tavaH kRtvA murirUpa dadhu strayaH ||661 For Private and Personal Use Only

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79 likhA hai| yahI kathA kucha parivartana ke sAtha digambara paramparA ke graMtha bhadrabAhu caritra' (vi.sa. 16 29) meM aMkita hai| bhaTTAraka ratna nandi ke 'bhadrabAhu carita' ke anusAra 'bhadrabAhu svAmI kI bhaviSyavANI hone para bAraha hajAra sAdhu unake sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara gye| parantu rAmaltha, sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra Adi muni ujjiyinI meM hI raha gye| durbhikSa par3ane para unake ziSya vizAkhAcArya Adi lauTakara ujjiyinI aae| usa samaya sthUlAcArya ne kahA ki zithilAcAra chor3a do| para unhoMne krodhita hokara sthUlAcArya ko mAra ddaalaa| ina zithilAcAriyoM se ardhakAlaka sampradAya kA janma huaa| isake bahuta samaya bAda ujjiyinI meM candrakIrti nAma kA rAjA huaa| usakI kanyA vallabhIpura ke rAjA ko byAhI gii| usa kanyA ne adhiphAlaka sAdhuoM ke pAsa vidyAdhyAna kiyA thA, isaliye vaha unakI bhakta thii| eka bAra usane apane pati se una sAdhuoM ko apane yahA~ bulAne ke liye khaa| rAjA ne bulAne kI AjJA de dii| ve Ae aura unakA khUba svAgata satkAra huaa| parantu rAjA ko unakA veza acchA na lgaa| ve rahate the nagna, para Upara vastra rakhate the| rAnI ne apane pati ke mana kA bhAva jAnakara sAdhuoM ke pAsa pahanane ke liye zveta vastra bheja diye| sAdhuoM ne bhI unheM svIkAra kara liyaa| usa dina se saba sAdhu zvetAmbara kahalAne lage, inameM jo pradhAna thA, usakA nAma jinacaMdra thaa| zvetAmbara sampradAya kI AcArya paramparA kA Arambha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se na hokara sthUlacaMdra se hotA hai| inhoMne sthUlabhadra ko aMtima zrutakevalI mAnA hai| digambara graMthoM ke anusAra bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI kA zarIrAnta vIra nirvANa saMvat 162 meM huaa| aura zvetAmbaroM kA utpatti vIra nirvANa saMvat 603 meM huI thii| donoM ke bIca sADhe cAra sau varSoM kA antara hai| vAstava meM ardhaphAlaka nAma kA koI sampradAya nahIM huaa| 'bhadrabAhu caritra' se pahale kisI bhI graMtha meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI Tole ke pAsa prApta jaina avazeSoM meM eka zilApaTTa para eka jaina yati kRSNa kI mUrti milI hai| kaNha kI mUrti vastra pahane hone se use zvetAmbara mUrti kahA jA sakatA hai, saMvat 95 ke sAla meM vAsudeva kA rAjya thA, taba kI yaha honI caahiye| 'jaina sAhitya' itihAsa meM likhA hai "Aeka jaina stUpano bhAga che je ukta mathurAlI kaMkAlI TIlA TekarI mAyI nikalela ch| kula te cAra AkRtiyoM (mUrtiyoM) chellA cAra tIrthaMkara nabhi, nemi, pArzva ane vardhamAnanI che| nIce nA bhAgamA kaNhanI mUrti ne vastra paha rAvelAM hotA thI te zvetAmbara mUrti mAnIzaMkAya / AmAM Avela mUla lekha koI anirNIta likhimaaNche| AraMbha mAM 95 ke sAla jaba vasudeva kA rAjya thA, taba kI honI caahiye|" vulahaTa ne mAnA hai ki nemiNaM devatA ke bAeM ghuTane ke pAsa eka choTI sI AkRti naMge manuSya kI hai, jo bAeM hAtha meM vastra hone se tathA dAhinA hAtha Upara ko uThA hone se 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR 378-379 2. paTTAvalI samuccaya, vIramagAMva, gujarAta, 25 yogIndra sthUlabhadro'bhUda sAntyaH zrutakevalI For Private and Personal Use Only

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80 eka sAdhu mAlUma hotA hai| ___ DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke anusAra 'paTTa ke Upara bhAga ke stUpa ke cAra tIrthaMkara hai, jinameM pArzvanAtha (sarpaphaNAlaMkRta) aura cauthe sambhavata: bhagavAna mahAvIra hai| pahale do RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ho sakate haiN| para tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM para na koI cihna hai aura na vastra / paTTa meM nIce eka strI aura usake sAmane eka nagna zramaNa khudA huA hai| vaha eka hAtha meM sammAnI aura bAeM hAtha meM eka kapar3A (laMgoTa) liye hue haiM, zeSa zarIra nagna hai| 2 sambhavata: zvetAmbara sampradAya ke ardhaphAlaka sampradAya kA prArambhika rUpa yahI pratIta hotA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadra ke 'saMbodhi prakaraNa' se prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI 7vIM 8vIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara sAdhu bhI mAtra eka kaTivastra rakhate the| tathA jo sAdhu usa kaTivastra kA upayoga niSkAraNa karatA thA, vaha kusAdhu mAnA jAtA thaa| prArambha meM zarIra kA guhya aMga hI DhA~kane kA vizeSa khyAla rakhatA thaa| pIche yaha dhAge se kamara meM bAMdhA jAne lgaa| ise colapaTTa kahate haiN| cola culla se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - kSudra ptttt| ardhapAlaka sampradAya kA astitva kisI kI kalpanA kA viSaya na hokara vAstavika hI hai aura vahI vartamAna zvetAmbara samAja kA pUrvaja bhI hai| kathA aTapaTI sI hai| kisI nagarI ke rAjA ke Adeza mAtra se ardhaphAlaka se zvetAmbara bana jAnA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotA hai| __ paM. becaradAsa ke anusAra, valabhI nagarI meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti bahalAne meM aitihAsika tathya nihita hai, kyoMki vartamAna meM upalabdha zvetAmbarIya AgamoM kA saMkalana valabhI nagarI meM hI kiyA gayA aura unakI saMkalanA aura lekhana ke pazcAt zvetAmbara-digambara bheda kI eka aTUTa dIvAra khar3I ho gaI, jisane donoM ko sarvadA ke liye pRthaka kara diyaa| zvetAmbara sAhitya se vIra nirvANake 609 varSa bItane para rathavIrapura meM boTika zivamUrti se boTika mata utpanna huaa| isakI kathA hai ki rathavIrapura meM zivabhUti nAma kA eka kSatriya rahatA thaa| vaha rAtri ko bahuta vilamba se aataathaa| eka rAta dera se apane para mA ne dvAra nahIM kholaa| vaha sAdhu bana gyaa| rAjA ne use bahumUlya ratna kambala diyaa| eka dina AcArya ne zivabhUti kI anupasthiti meM usa ratna kambala ko phAr3akara usake paira poMchane ke Asana banA diye / eka dina zivabhUti ne kahA, jinakalpa kyoM nahIM dhAraNa karate ? uttara thA- jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA viccheda ho gayA hai| usane kahA, maiM use dhAraNa kruuNgaa| usane vastra tyAga diye| usakI bahana namaskAra karane AI, vaha bhI nagna ho gii| vaha nagara meM bhikSA mAMgane gaI, taba eka gaNikA ne use vastra pahanA diye| naMgI strI vIbhatsa lagatI hai, isaliye zivabhUti ne use savastra rahane kI AjJA de dii| pazcAt zivabhUti ne koDinsa aura koTTavIra nAma ke do ko apanA ziSya banA liyaa| isa prakAra boTika zivabhUti se boTikoM kA mata utpanna huaa| digambara lekhaka digambara veza se jaina muni kA sAdhAraNa AcAra mAnakara durbhikSajanita 1. India Antiquary, Part II Page 316 2. DA. vAsudeva agravAla, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 10, 480 For Private and Personal Use Only

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81 paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa utpanna huI zithilAcAritA ko zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti kA janaka batalAte haiM aura zvetAmbara lekhaka jambUvAsI ke pazcAta vicchinna hue jinakalpa puna: saMsthApana karane ko digambara mata kI utpatti kA janakamAnate haiN| zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra jinakalpa (digambaratva kI prakRti) jambUsvAmI taka avicchinna rUpa se calI AtI thii| usake pazcAt hI usakA viccheda huA aura zivabhUti ne use puna: pracalita karake digambara sampradAya kI sRSTi kii| ___'kembrija hisTrI' ke anusAra 'yaha samaya (bhadrabAhu kA dakSiNAgama) jaina saMgha ke liye durbhAgyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai aura isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki IsvI pUrva 300 ke lagabhaga saMghabheda kA udgama huA, jisane jaina saMgha ko zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyaa| Ara sI majUmadAra ke anusAra "jaba bhadrabAhu ke anuyAyI magadha se lauTe to eka bar3A vivAda uTha khar3A huaa| niyamAnusAra jaina sAdhu nagna rahate the, kintu magadha ke jaina sAdhuoM ne sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya utpanna hue|"2 paM. vizvezvaranAtha reU ke anusAra, kucha samaya bAda jaba akAla samApta ho gayA, aura karnATaka se jaina loga vApisa lauTe, taba unhoMne dekhA ki magadha ke jaina sAdhu pIche se nizcita kiye gaye dharmagranthoM ke anusAra zveta vastra pahanane lage haiM / isa vastra pahanane vAle jaina sAdhuzvetAmbara aura nagna rahane vAle digambara khlaae|' _ 'uttarAdhyayana' ke kezI gautama saMvAda meM acelatA-sacelatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM spaSTa kahA hai ki mahAvIra ne acelaka dharma kA upadeza diyA hai aura pArzvanAtha ne sAntarottara dharma kA upadeza diyaa| sAntarottara kA artha hai, aise vastra jinheM dhAraNa kiye jAyeM, vaha dharma sAntarottara hai| sAntara+uttara kA artha hai, or3hanA, arthAt jo AvazyakatA hone para vastra kA upayoga kara letA hai, nahIM to pAsa meM rakhe rahatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke sAdhu acela bhI the aura sacela bhii| jaba ve vastra kA upayoga nahIM karate the to acela kahalAte the, jaba ve vastra kA upayoga karate the to sacela kahalAte the| kucha pArzvapaMthiyoM meM zithilAcAritA thii| zvetAmbara sAhitya ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke dharma meM sAdhuoM ke liye sAntarottara vastra kI vyavasthA thI- arthAt sAdhu vastra pAsa meM rakhate the aura AvazyakatA ke samaya use or3ha lete the| vastra kI vyavasthA ke viSaya meM jitanI kar3I nIti bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanAI, utanI pArzvanAtha ne nahIM apnaaii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke liye acela dharma Avazyaka batalAyA, kintu madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkara ke sAdhuoM ke liye acela aura sacela donoM dharma 1. Cambridge History of India, Page 147 2. R.C. Majumdar, Ancient India, Part II Page 41 3. paM. vizvezvaranAtha reU, bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza, bhAga |, 4431-432 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 23 a acelao ajo dhammo jo imosNtruttro| desiyo vaddhamANeNaNaM pAseNa va mhaamunii||. For Private and Personal Use Only

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82 Avazyaka batAe haiN| 'sthAnAMga sUtra'' meM vastra dhAraNa karane ke tIna kAraNa batalAe gae haiM- lajjA nivAraNa, glAni nivAraNa aura parISaha nivAraNa / _ 'uttarAdhyayana' kI eka kathA ke anusAra AcArya AryarakSita ne apanI mAtA, bhAryA, bhaginI Adi sabhI svajanoM ko sAdhvI banA diyA, kintu usake pitA ne samajhAne para bhI lajjAvaza sAdhupada svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| vaha kahatA- maiM kaiseM zramaNa banUM ? jaba AcAryoM ne bahuta kahA to bolA- yadi mujhe do vastra, kamaNDala, chatra, jUtA aura yajJopavIta ke sAtha pravarjita kara sakate ho to se maiM sAdhu banane ko taiyAra huuN| eka dina AcArya sAdhu saMgha ke sAtha caitya vandanA ke liye gye| taba pahale se sikhAkara taiyAra kiye gaye bAlakoM ne kahA, "isa chAte vAle sAdhu ke sivAya hama saba sAdhuoM kI vandanA karate haiN|" vaha vRddha bolA, "inhoMne mere putra-pautra saba kI vandanA kI, merI vandanA nahIM kii| kyA maiMne dIkSA nahIM lii|" taba bAlaka bole- "dIkSA lI hotI to chAtA kamaNDala vagairaha tumhAre pAsa kaise hote ?" vRddha ne AcArya se kahA- "putr| bAlaka bhI merI haMsI ur3Ate haiM / maiM chAtA nahIM rkhuugaa| isI taraha prayatna karake dhotI ke sivAya saba cIjoM kA tyAga vRddha se karA diyA gyaa|" ___ inhI AryarakSita ke svarga ke pazcAt zvetAmbara sampradAya meM dhIre dhIre upAdhiyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hotI gii| muni kalyANa vijaya jI ke anusAra "AryarakSita ke svarga ke pazcAt dhIre dhIre sAdhuoM kA nivAsa bastiyoM meM hone lagA aura sAtha hI nagnatA kA bhI anta hone lgaa| pahale mAtra zarIra kA guhya aMga hI DhaMkane kA vizeSa khayAla rahatA thA, bAda meM sampUrNa nagnatA DhaMka lene kI jarUrata samajhI gaI aura usake liye vastra kA AkAra prakAra bhI badalanA pdd'aa|"2 kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki mahAvIra ne acelakatA ko apanAyA, usa para unake ziSya aura bAda meM AjIvika sampradAya ke guru makkhAla gozAla kA prabhAva hai| yaha maMkhaputra gozAlA meM janmA thaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki gozAlaka chaH varSoM taka unake hAtha rhaa| zvetAmbara AgamoM ke anusAra mahAvIra kevala eka varSa taka cIvaradhArI rahe the| ata: jaba gozAlaka ne unheM dekhA, taba avazya hI nagna hone caahiye| isake viparIta gozAlaka ke pAsa usa samaya vastra kamaNDala Adi upakaraNa the, jinheM usane mahAvIra kA ziSya banane se pUrva kisI brAhmaNa ko de diye| gozAlakakI nagnatA kA prabhAva mahAvIra para pratIta nahIM hotA, kintu mahAvIra kI nagnatA ve prabhAvita gozAlaka ne apane AjIvika sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ko nagna rahane kA niyama bnaayaa| 1. sthAnAMga sUtraM, 171 sUtra tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dhrejjaa| taM.- hiripAttiyaM, dugaMdhApattiyaM parISahaNattiyaM 171 sUtra 2. muni kalyANa vijaya, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, pR292 3. bhagavatIsUtra, 151 sADiAo ya pADiAo ya kuMDiyAo ya vittaphalagaM ca mAhaNe aayaameii| 4.jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR429 For Private and Personal Use Only

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83 bauddha ullekha ke anusAra gozAlaka ko nandavakkha aura kissa saMkikka ko acelaka parivrAjaka sampradAya kA uttarAdhikArI batAtI hai / ' DA. harnale ke anusAra "bauddha sAhitya meM gozAlaka ke do sAthI batAe jAte haiM - kissa saMkicya aura nandavakkha / mahAvIra se alaga hone ke pazcAt ina tInoM ne zrAvastI se eka sampradAya nAte netA ke rUpa meM ekAkI jIvana bitAnA zurU kiyaa| "2 devasena ke 'darzanasAra' (vi.sa. 990) meM prArambha meM buddha ko pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke nirgratha kA ziSya batAyA hai, vaise hI maskarIpuraNa sAdhu (makkhalI gozAlaka) ko bhI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM dIkSita batalAyA gayA hai / " 'dhammapada' kI buddhaghoSa kRta TIkA meM nirgrathoM aura acelakoM meM bheda kiyA gayA hai / usake anusAra acelaka bilkula nagna hote haiM, jabaki nirgratha maryAdA kI rakSA ke liye eka prakAra AvaraNa kA upayoga karate haiM / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAvIra ke samaya ke anya sampradAyoM ke netAoM meM pUraNakazyapa ne yaha socakara ki digambara rahane se merI vizeSa pratiSThA honI, kapar3e pahananA svIkAra nahIM kiyA / AjIvaka sampradAya ke sAdhu nagna rahate the, kintu uttarakAla ke lekhakoM ne nagnatA ko AjIvikoM ke sAtha jor3a diyA aura digambaroM ko hI gozAlaka yA AjIvikoM kA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyaa| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yadi digambara sampradAya AjIvikoM se nikalA hotA yA AjIvika hI Age calakara digambara jaina sampradAya meM parivartita ho gaye hote to AjIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka gozAlaka kI vicAradhArA kA kucha aMza to usameM avazya hI parilakSita hotA / "" kintu hArnalI ne AjIvika sampradAya kA uttarAdhikArI digambara sampradAya ko mAnA hai| zIlAMka ne apanI TIkA meM aura halAyudha ne apanI 'abhidhAna ratnamAla' meM digambaroM aura AjIvikoM ko eka batalAyA hai tathA prAcIna tamila sAhitya meM jaina ke liye AjIvika zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| chaThI zatAbdI se varAhamihira ne AjIvika zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, yaha digambara jainoM sUcaka hai| zrImatI sTIveMsana ke anusAra "sambhAvanA hai ki jaina samAja meM sadA se do pakSa rahe haiMeka vRddhoM aura kamajoroM kA, jo pArzvanAtha ke samaya se vastra dhAraNa karate karate Ate haiM, jise 1. Sacred Books of the East, Part 45, Page 29 The Budhist records speak of him as successor of Nandvikha and Kissa Samkika. 2. Encyclopaedia, Ethics & Religion, Part 1, Page 267. 3. devasena, darzana sAra, zloka 21 sirivIraNAhatihatthe vahussudo pAsa saMgha gaNisI so / pUraNa sAhU aNNANaM bhAsae loe // 20 // 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR429 5. Encyclopaedia, Ethics & Religion, Part 1, Page 266. For Private and Personal Use Only

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84 sthavirakalpa kahate haiM / yaha sthavira kalpavRkSa zvetAmbara sampradAya kA pUrvaja hai aura dUsarA pakSa jinakalpa hai, jo niyamoM kA akSaraza: pAlana karatA thA, jaisA mahAvIra ne kiyA, yaha pakSa digambaroM kA agraja hai|" vastuta: gautama gaNadhara, sudharmA svAmI aura jambUsvAmI taka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jaina saMgha akhaNDa rUpa se pravartita huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ina tInoM uttarAdhikAriyoM ko donoM sampradAya apanA dharmaguru mAnate haiN| yadyapi antara itanA avazya pratIta hotA hai ki digambara paramparA gautama gaNadhara ko hI vizeSa mahatva detI hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA sudharmA ko| sudharmA ke ziSya jambU svAmI the| jambU svAmI ke pazcAt anubaddha kevalajJAnI nahIM huA aura isa taraha kevalajJAniyoM kI paramparA kA anta ho gyaa| __jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt hI digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI gurvAvalI meM antara par3atA hai aura kevala eka zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hai, jinheM donoM mAnya karate haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt aisA vivAda khar3A huA, jisake kAraNa donoM kI AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI meM antara par3a gyaa| jambU svAmI ke pazcAt jinakalpa vicchinna ho gyaa| jinakalpa vicchinna hone ke kathana kA yaha abhiprAya ho sakatA hai ki pUrva ke kaThora mArga meM naramI AI aura dhIre dhIre vanavAsI se caityavAsI bana gye| digambara paramparA ke anusAra zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti valabhI nagarI meM huii| valabhI meM kiye gaye aMgoM ke lekhanakArya ne saMghabheda kI dIvAra ko sthAyI kara diyaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM saMghabheda kA bIja bo diyA gayA aura valabhI meM usakI utpatti ho gii| valabhI meM Agama graMthoM ko pustAkArUDha kiyA gyaa| valabhI vAcanAkA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 hai, jo vi.saM. 510 hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle ke avazeSa IsA kI prathama aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke haiN| vuhalara ke anusAra "mathurA ke jaina zvetAmbara sampradAya ke the aura dUsare jisa saMghabheda ne jaina sampradAya ko paraspara virodhI do sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA, vaha IsvI san ke prArambha hone ke bahuta pahale ho cukA thaa| valabhI vAcanA se lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa pUrva vi.sa. 357-370 ke madhya meM mathurA meM vAcanA hone kA nirdeza zvetAmbara sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai| saMghabheda kI tInoM sIr3hiyA~ kramaza: sthApita huii| bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke pazcAt gurubheda sthAyI rUpa se sthApita ho gyaa| eka pakSIya Agama vAcanA se prArambha huA saMghabheda valabhI meM AgamoM kI saMkalana aura pustakArUr3hatA ke sAtha sthAyI ho gyaa| tathA phira devamUrtiyoM meM pahale vastra ko aura phira deva ko bhI pRthaka kara diyA aura isa taraha saMghabheda cirasthAyI kara diyA gyaa| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu taka akhaNDa jina zAsana kI vaijayantI phaharAtI rahI aura usake 1. Mrs. Stevension, House of Jainism, Page 79. 2. Indian Sect of the Jains, Page 44 For Private and Personal Use Only

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85 pazcAt jinazAsana vibhakta huA aura jina sAhitya kI surakSA aura nirmANa kI cintA ne zrutadharoMzrutapremiyoM ko Andolita kiyaa| saMghabheda se zvetAmbara sampradAya kA aMkuraNa huA aura zvetAmbara sampradAya ke muni aura AcArya osavaMza ke preraka aura sUtradhAra bne| AgamavAcanA mahAvIra yuga (bhadrabAhu taka) ke pazcAt saMghabheda huA, kintu bhadrabAhu se lekara devAddhi kSamAzramaNa taka ke yuga ko hama Agama vAcanAkAla bhI kaha sakate haiN| Arya sthUlabhadra ke do pramukha aura paTTadhara ziSyoM- Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI meM Arya mahAgiri bar3e the, isaliye Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA pramukha zAkhA mAnI jAnI caahiye| Arya mahAgiri ke pazcAt vAcaka vaMza paramparA dI jA rahI hai - Arya mahAgiri Arya suhasti Arya balissaha Arya svAti Arya zAMDilya Arya samudra Arya maMgu Arya dharma Arya bhadragupta Arya vajra Arya rakSita Arya Anandila Arya nAgahastI Arya revatI nakSatra Arya brahmadIpaka siMha Arya skandilAcArya Arya himavaMta Arya nAgArjuna Arya govinda Arya bhUtAdina Arya lohitya Arya dRSTagaNi Arya devAddhi kSamAzramaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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86 prathama vAcanA- pATaliputra vAcanA maurya senApati puSyamitra ke atyAcAroM se taMga Akara magadha jainadharmAvalambI janatA kI pukAra sunakara bhikkhurAya khAravela ne magadha para AkramaNa kara puSyamitra ko do bAra parAjita kiyA / bhikkhurAya ne zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM, zrAvakoM aura zrAvikAoM ko ekatrita kara AgamoM kA uddhAra karane ke liye pUrvajJAna kA saMkalana, saMgraha aura punaruddhAra krvaayaa| aMga zAstroM ke saMkalana, saMgraha aura saMrakSaNa hetu khAravela dvArA karAe gaye saMgha sammelana kA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 323 ke pazcAt 327 se 329 vIra saMvat ThaharatA hai| puSyamitra 323 vIra nirvANa saMvat meM pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para ArUDha huaa| khAravela ke zilAlekha meM spaSTa aMkita hai ki jaina dharma ke paramapoSaka kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAya khAravela ko puSyamitra dvArA jainoM para kiye gaye atyAcAroM kI sUcanA milI, to usane rAjyakAla ke AThaveM varSa meM pATaliputra para eka bar3I senA lekara AkramaNa kara diyaa|' yaha sambhava hai usa samaya saMdhi ho gaI aura cAra varSa pazcAt usane phira pATaliputra para AkramaNa kiyaa| 'himavaMta sthirAvalI' ke ullekhAnusAra Agam vAcanArtha Ayojita sammelana meM vAcanAcArya Arya balihassa bhI sammilita the| Arya balihassa kA vAcanAcAryakAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 245 se 327-329 taka thaa| dvitIya vAcanA- mAthurI vAcanA vAcaka vaMza paramparA meM Arya skandila bar3e prabhAvazAlI aura pratibhAzAlI AcArya ho gaye haiM / 'himavaMta sthirAvalI' ke anusAra mathurA ke brAhmaNa parivAra meM Arya skandila janme aura inake mAtA pitA prArambha se hI dharmAvalambI the| muni skandila ne guru Arya brahmadIpaka siMha kI sevA meM rahakara AgamoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| guru ke svargagamana ke pazcAta Arya skindala vAcanAcArya niyukta hue|aary skandila kA kAryakAla vIra nirvANa se 823 se 840 ke Asa pAsa hai / saMkrAtikAla meM zrutadharoM kI saMkhyA ati nyUna ho gaI thii| phalataH Agama viccheda kI sthiti utpanna ho cukI thii| ati vikaTa samaya meM subhikSa hone para vIra nirvANa saMvat 930 se 840 ke madhya skindala sUri ne uttara bhArata ke muniyoM ko mathurA meM ekatrita kara Agama vAcanA kI / paTTAvalI samuccaya ke anusAra, "subhikSa ke samApta hone para Arya skandila sUri ne zramaNa saMgha ko mathurA meM ekatrita kara anuyoga kiyA | 2 1. kaliMga kA zilAlekha Ame ca base mahatA senA - goradhagiri ghAtANayitA rAjagahaM upapIr3Ayayati etinaM ca kaMmApadAna saMnAdena saMvitasenavAhano tiNamucita madhura apayAto yavanarAja Dimita / 2. paTTAvalI samuccaya, pariziSTa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dubbhivakkhammi paNa puNaravi milita samaNasaMghAo / bhihurAe aNuogo, pataiyo khaMdilo sUri / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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87 'nandisthirAvalI' meM Arya skandila ko praNAma kiyA hai- jinake dvArA saMgaThita suvyavasthita anuyoga (Agama pATha) Aja bhI bharata kSetra meM pracalita hai, una mahAn yazasvI Arya skandila ko praNAma karatA huuN| usa samaya jisa jisa sthavira ko jo jo zruta pATha smaraNa thA, use suna sunakara skandilAcArya ne sarvAnumati se sunizcita kiyaa| yaha vAcanA mathurA meM huI, isaliye ise mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiN| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mathurA nivAsI osavaMzIya polAka ne gaMdhahastI ke vivaraNa sahita una sUtroM ko tAr3apatrAdi para likhAkara muniyoM ko pradAna kiyaa| tRtIya vAcanA- valabhI vAcanA jisa samaya mathurA meM AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama vAcanA huI, lagabhaga usI samaya dakSiNa ke zramaNoM ko ekatrita kara AcArya nAgArjuna ne bhI valabhI meM eka Agama vAcanA kii| donoM vAcanAoM meM bheda hai| AgamoM kA uddhAra karane ke pazcAt Arya skandila aura Arya nAgArjuna nahIM mila ske| unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| jo vAcanAbheda raha gayA, vaha vaisA hI banA rhaa| vismRta sUtra aura artha ko yAda karake vyavasthita karane meM vAcanAbheda ho jAnA avazvambhAvI hai| himavaMta kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt Arya nAgArjuna vAcanAcArya hue| Arya nAgArjuna kSatriya saMgrAmasiMha ke putra the| vIra saMvat 840 ke lagabhaga vAcanAcArya Arya skandila ke svargastha hote hI jyeSTha muni himavAn ko vAcanAcArya niyukta kiyA gayA aura himavAn ke svargagamana ke pazcAt Arya nAgArjuna ko yugapradhAnAcArya ke kAryabhAra ke sAtha vAcanAcArya ke pada para bhI pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI valabhI nagarI meM zramaNasaMgha kA sammelana Ayojita kiyaa| unhoMne na kevala Agama vAcanA dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke vismRta pAThoM ko suvyavasthita, saMkalita evaM sugaThita hI kiyA, kintu pustakoM ke rUpa meM lipibaddha karavAkara dUradarzitA kA paricaya diyaa| devaddhi janmata: kAzyapagotrIya kSatriya the| devarddhi kSamAzramaNa ne zramaNasaMgha kI anumati se vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM valabhI meM eka mahAsammelana kiyA aura Agama vAcanA ke mAdhyama se 1. nandI sthirAvalI, zloka 33 jesimimo aNuogo payarai ajjAvi addbhrhaammi| bahunayaraniggaya jase te vaMde khaMdilAtharie / 2. himavaMta sthirAvalI mathurA nivAsinA zramaNopAsaka vareNa osavaMzi bhUpaNena polAkAmidhena tatsakalamapi pravacanaM gaMdhahasti kRta vivaraNopetaM tAlayatrA deSu tekhayitvA bhikSubhyaH svAdhyAyArtha samarpitam / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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88 AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| kaI vidvAna devarddhi kSamAzramaNa kI AgamavAcanA na kahakara Agama lekhana hI kahate haiM / inhoMne matabheda meM nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke anusAra hI AgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiyA / ata: ise Agama vAcanA ke sAtha Agama lekhana mAnanA ucita hai / usa samaya AcArya nAgArjuna kI paramparA ke AcArya kAlaka (caturtha) aura skandilI (mAthurI) vAcanA ke pratinidhi AcArya devaddhikSamAzramaNa the / merUtuMga ne bhI spaSTa kahA hai ki devaddhigaNi ne siddhAntoM ko vinAza se bacAne ke liye pustakArUDha kiyA / ' isI AgamakAla ne jainamata ne aneka rAjAoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta kiyaa| maurya samrATa caMdragupta jaina thA / viseMTa smitha ke anusAra "maiM aba vizvAsa karatA hU~ yaha paramparA sambhavataH mUlarUpa meM yathArtha hai ki candragupta ne sAmrAjya kA parityAga kara jaina muni kA pada aMgIkAra kiyA / " 2 itihAsakAra DA. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla bhI mAnate haiM ki pA~cavI sadI ke jaina graMtha aura usake pazcAt ke zilAlekha yaha pramANita karate haiM ki candragupta jaina samrATa thaa| candragupta hI jaina sAdhu banakara vizAkhAcArya khlaae| zramaNa belagolA ke candrabastInAma ke candagira para avasthita maMdira kI dIvAroM para samrATa candragupta ke jIvana ko aMkita karane vAle citra haiN| digambara paramparA ke graMtha 'tiloyapaNNati' meM spaSTa likhA hai ki mukuTadhara rAjAoM meM aMtima candragupta nareza ne jinendra dIkSA grahaNa kii| isake pazcAt mukuTadhArI kisI nareza ne pravrajyA dhAraNa nahIM kI aura na hI karegA / "3 kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya ke basantakumAra caTarjI ne mAnA hai ki caMdragupta bhadrabAhu ke abhinnAtmA the| pro. harmana yAkobI caMdragupta ko akATya pramANoM se jaina siddha kara cuke haiN| 1. merutuMga therAvalI, TIkA 5 vizAkhAcArya kA AcArya sthUlibhadra se matabheda thA, kintu vizAkhAcArya ne alaga sampradAya sthApita nahIM kiyA, kintu yahIM se jainasaMgha meM zAkhAeM phuuttii| muni suzIlakumAra ke anusAra 'zvetAmbara aura digambara zabda bahuta pIche se cale haiM, kintu mujhe yaha bAta adhika samIcIna lagatI hai ki sthUlibhadra aura vizAkhAcArya kA matabheda to pahale hI khar3A ho gayA thA, kAlAntara meM digambara aura zvetAmbara kahalAI / '4 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrI vIrAdanu sahAviMzatamaH puruSo devaddhigaNi, siddhAntAn avyavacchedAya pustakAdhirUDhAna kArNIta / 2. Vincent Smith, History of India 3. faciter quorfa, 4/1481 I am now disposed to believe that the tradition is possibly true in its main outhlines and that Chandragupta realy abdicted and became Jain ascetic. maDDadharesu carito jiNa dikkhaM dhara di candaguttoya | tato maDar3adharA duppa vvajanaM Neya gihaMti // 4. muni suzIla kumAra, jaina dharma kA itihAsa ( saMvat 2016 ), pR 129 For Private and Personal Use Only

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89 sthUlibhadra kA svargavAsa vIra saMvat 215 huA aura phira Arya mahAgiri kI dIkSA huii| vIra saMvat 245 meM AcArya mahAgiri kA svargavAsa huA aura AcArya suhasti ko AcArya banAyA gyaa| usa samaya kuNAla kA putra samprAti magadha kA zAsaka thaa| samprAti kA janma I.pU. 257, vIra nirvANa saMvat 270 pauSa mAsa meM huA thaa| samprAti kA svargavAsa I.pU. 203 aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 232 meM huaa| kalhaNa ke 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM spaSTa likhA hai ki prArambha meM azoka jaina thA aura usane jaina dharma kA pracAra kAzmIra meM kiyA thaa| azoka ke dharmacakra meM 24 Are 24 tIrthaMkAroM ko sUcita karate haiN| rAjA vallidhe nAmaka kannar3a graMtha meM azoka ko jaina batalAyA hai| azoka ke pautra samprAti ko AcArya suhastI ne jaina dharma kI dIkSA dii| usane jaina dharma aura arhata saMskRti kA brahmadeza, AsAma, tibbata, aphagAnistAna, turkI aura araba sthAna meM pracAra kiyaa| usa samaya deza videza meM jaina dharma kI vaijayantI laharA rahI thii| dasarI sadI ke kaliMga kA zAsaka mikkharAya khAravela jainadharma kA ananya upAsaka thaa| khAravela sambhavata: pArzvanAtha paramparA ke AcAryoM ke anuyAyI the| khAravela ke hI prayatnoM se pATaliputra meM Agama vAcanA huI, jisameM kaI AcArya- nakSatrAcArya, devasenAcArya, umAsvAmI, zyAmAcArya Adi ekatrita hue| umAsvAmI ke tatvArtha sUtra' ko hama jainadharma kI gItA kaha sakate haiN| 'tatvArtha sUtra' jainadarzana kA nicor3a hai| mahAvIra ke 400 varSa pazcAt Agamayuga samApta ho cukA thA aura isa samaya samasta jaina sAhitya pratispardhiyoM ke prahAra surakSArtha AgamoM ke AdhAra para racA jAne lagA, jisako yuga kI AvazyakatA thii| 'kalpasUtra sthirAvalI' ke anusAra devarddhi sahastI zAkhA ke Arya khAMDilya ke ziSya the| naMdIsUtra kI sthirAvalI, jinadAsa racita cUrNi, haribhadrIyA vRtti, malayagirIyA TIkA aura merutuMga ke anusAra devaddhi dRSyagaNi ke ziSya the aura tIsarA pakSa Arya lohitya kA ziSya batAtA hai| muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne suhastI paramparA ko mAnyatA dI hai| devaddhi kSamAzravaNa vIra nirvANa saMvat 1000 meM svarga sidhaare| aba anusaMdhAna se yaha patA calA hai ki devarddhi kSamAzramaNa devarddhi dRSyagaNI ke ziSya hone caahiye| jaina saMgha meM usa samaya 500 AcArya the, jinako kSamAzramaNajI ne zrutarakSArtha ekatrita kiyaa| samayasundara gaNI ne apane samAcArIzataka' aura vinayavijaya kRta 'lokaprakAza' meM ise 1. kalhaNa, rAjataraMgiNI, zloka 101, 102 yaH zAMta vRjino prapatro jina zAsanam / puSkale'tra vitastAtrau tastAra stUpa mnnddle|| 2. muni suzIla kumAra, jaina dharma kA itihAsa, pR 132 For Private and Personal Use Only

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90 valabhI vAcanA kA nAma diyA hai| mUla meM gaNadharoM se graMthita sUtroM ko devaddhigaNi ne puna: saMkalita kiyaa| ata: isI kAraNa zAstra ke kartA devarddhi kSamAzramaNa khlaae| isa prakAra Agama racanAkAla ke sAtha saMghabheda se zvetAmbara-digambara mata ke rUpa meM akhaNDa jinazAsana ba~Ta gyaa| AgamoM ke punaruddhAra ne zvetAmbara paramparA ko sudRr3ha bhitti para sthApita kara diyaa| DA. yAkobI ke anusAra, 'sarvasammata paramparA ke anusAra jaina Agama athavA siddhAMtoM kA saMgraha devarddhi kI adhyakSatA meM valabhI sammelana meM huaa| kalpasUtra meM usakA samaya vIra nirvANa 980 yA 993 (454 yA 367) diyA gayA hai| nAthUrAma premI ne eka prAcIna gAthA ko prastuta kiyA hai| valahipuraMmi nayare devaDiDhaya bhuha sayala saMghehi / puvve Agamu hihida nava saya asIANu vIrADa / / aba jo jaina Agama yA aMga sAhitya upalabdha hai, use digambara jaina sampradAya mAnya nahIM karatA, yaha sabako vidita hai| digambara paramparA meM vIra nirvANa meM 683 varSa paryanta aMgajJAna kI paramparA pravartita rahI hai, kintu use saMkalita karane yA lipibaddha karane kA kabhI koI sAmUhika prayatna kiyA ho, aisA AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| viMTaranITja kI mAnyatA hai 'yadyapi svayaM jainoM kI paramparA unake AgamoM ke bahuta prAcIna hone ke pakSa meM nahIM hai, tathA kama se kama unake kucha bhAgoM kI apekSAkRta prAcInakAla kA mAnane meM aura yaha mAna lene meM ki devarddhi ne aMzata: prAcIna pratiyoM kI sahAyatA se aura aMzata: maukhika paramparA ke AdhAra para AgamoM ko saMkalita kiyA, paryApta kAraNa hai|'' bevara kA mata hai: 'maujUdA Agama dUsarI aura pA~cavI zatAbdI ke bIca race gaye haiM, kintu yekobI kA sujhAva hai ki unakA kucha bhAga paTanA se hI apekSAkRta thor3e parivartana ke sAtha AyA hai|'2 Age likhate haiM, kintu yaha adhika sambhava hai ki prAcIna sAhitya aMzata: surakSita rahA hai| yadyapi yaha nissaMdeha hai ki saMghabheda ke samaya se zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke dvArA apane sampradAya ke anukUla isameM saMzodhana kI pravRtti cAlU rhii| ....AgamoM meM zvetAmbaroM kI isa pravRtti ke spaSTa cihna pAye jAte haiN| devarddhi kSamAzramaNa ne jaina sUtroM ko pustakAruDha karake eka kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| unhoMne ina AgamoM ko adhyAyoM aura adhyayanoM meM vibhakta kiyA aura graMthagaNaNa (32 akSara kA eka zloka) kI paddhati cAlU kii| vastuta: yaha osavaMza kA udbhavakAla bhIkahA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA aura osavaMza kI dhArA samAnAntara rUpa se bahI hai| 1. Winternitge, History of indian Literature, Part II Page 431-434 2. J.N. Farguhar, An Outline of the Religion & Literature, Page 76 3. vahI, pR120-121 For Private and Personal Use Only

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97 Agama sAhitya AgamoM kA mUla nAma aMga hai| inakI saMkhyA 12 hai, isaliye inheM dvAdazAMga kahate haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA mUla AgamoM ke sAtha niyuktiyoM ko milAkara 45 Agama mAnatA hai| isameM 11 aMga, 1 2 upAMga, 6 mUladhana Adi 10 painnA haiM aura koI 84 Agama bhI mAnate haiN| zrutarUpa parama puruSa ke aMgoM ke tulya hone se inheM dvAdazAMga kahate haiN| aMgoM ko Agama bhI kahate haiN| gaNadharoM dvArA race gaye sUtroM ko sUtrAgama kahate haiN| vyavahAra sUtra meM prathama AcarAMga sUtra se lekara aSTama pUrva paryanta aMgoM aura pUrvo ko to zruta kahA gayA hai aura navam Adi zeSa cha pUrvo ko Agama kahA gayA hai| isakA bheda hai ki jisase atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna ho, ve Agama haiN| yoM samasta Agamika sAhitya ko zruta kahate haiM / 'zruta' kA artha hai sunA huaa| tIrthaMkAroM se sunakara gaNadhara AgamoM kI racanA karate haiN| paramparA se Ane ke kAraNa Agama kahate haiN| 'vizeSAvazyaka' meM likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara rUpI kalpavRkSa se jo jJAnarUpI puSpoM kI vRSTi hotI hai, unheM lekara gaNadhara mAlA meM gUMtha dete haiN|| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM eka nayA nAma milatA haigaNipiDaga- gaNadhara kA pittaaraa| bAraha aMga- dvAdaza aMga nimnAnusAra haiN| 1. AcarAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyA prajJapti 6. jJAtRdharma kathA 7. upAsakAdhyayana 8. antakRddaza 9. anuttaropapAdikadaza 10. prazna vyAkaraNa 11. vipAka sUtra 12. dRSTivAda 1. AcarAMga isameM muni kI AcArasaMhitA hai| isameM 18000 pada haiN| AcarAMga sUtra' para niyukti hai, jise bhadrabAha kRta kahA jAtA hai| eka cUrNi hai aura zIlAMka (876 I.) kI TIkA hai| 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya taM nANa kusuma buTTi ghetuM vIyAibuddhao savvaM / ___ gaMthati pavayaNaTThA mAlA iva citta kusumANaM // 2. zrI devenu muni zAstrI, jaina Agama sAhitya, pR. 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 92 2. sUtrakRtAMga isameM do zrutaskandha hai| donoM sUtroM meM 23 adhyayana hai - 16+71 isameM do skandha hai, dvitIya skandha 5,6 ko chor3akara gadya meM haiN| isameM cArvAka, bauddha aura niyativAda Adi kI samasyA hai| bevara ise bahuta prAcIna mAnate haiN|' 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM sAdhuoM kI dhArmika caryA kA varNana hai| pro viNTaranITUja kA kathana hai ki prathama skanda prAcIna hai aura dUsarA skanda eka pariziSTa hai, jo bAda meM jor3a diyA gayA hai|' isa aMga para eka niyukti, cUrNi aura zIlAMka kI TIkA hai| 3. sthAnAMga sUtra isameM jIva- ajIva, svasamaya, parasamaya, loka aloka aura lokAloka Adi kA vyavasthita varNana hai / digambaroM ke anusAra isameM 42000 pada aura zvetAmbara ke anusAra bahattara hajAra pada haiN| 'sthAnAMga sUtra' kI TIkA saMvat 1120 meM navAMga vRttikAra aNahilapATana ke ziSya yazodevagaNa kI hai| 4. samavAyAMga samavAya meM saba padArthoM ke samavAya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvoM ke samavAya kA varNana karatA hai| isa aMga kI eka vizeSatA hai- nandI sUtra kA nirdeza pAyA jAnA | nandI aura samavAya meM pAye jAne vAle samAna varNanoM kA mUlAdhAra nandI hai| DA. bevara ke anusAra samavAya se nandI kI viSayasUcI saMkSipta hai| DA. viMTaranIja ke anusAra "isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki yA to vartamAna samavAyAMga kI racanA bAda meM kI gaI yA usameM kucha bhAga bAda meM race gaye / "4 5. vyAkhyA prajJapti hai yA nahIM ityAdi sATha hajAra praznoM kA samAdhAna karatA hai| upalabdha pA~caveM aMga bhagavatI bhI kahate haiN| isameM 41 zataka haiN| prArambhika 20 zatakoM ko paurANika bAnA pahanAyA gayA hai aura unameM aisA taMtu pratIta nahIM hotA jo sabako jor3atA ho| unameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAryoM aura upadezoM ke vividha ullekha haiN| rAjagRhI ke rAjA zreNika ke samaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra apane prathama ziSya gautama indrabhUti se vArtAlApa karate haiN| 21 se viSaya badala jAtA hai| 31 se 41 taka sat, tretA, dvApara aura kaliyuga Adi kA varNana hai| isameM pArzvanAtha kA varNana nahIM hai, kintu isase patA calatA hai ki pArzva ke aneka anuyAyI mahAvIra ke ziSya bane / 6. jJAtdharma kathA isameM bahuta se AkhyAna aura upAkhyAnoM kA kathana hai| isakA prAkRta nAma zvetAmbara sAhitya meM NAyadhamma kahA aura digambara sAhitya meM NAtadhamma kathA hai| isameM aneka kathAeM haiN| 1. Indian Antiquary, Part 17, Page 344-345 2. Winternitge, History of Indian Literature, Part VI, Page 440 3. Dr. Webar, Indian Antiquary, Part 18, Page 374 4. History of Indian Literature, Part VI, Page 442 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pratyeka adhyAya eka svataMtra kathA hai| isa aMga para abhaya devakRta TIkA hai| 7. upAsakAdhyayana isameM zrAvaka dharma ke lakSaNa haiM / inameM gyAraha prakAra ke zrAvakoM ke lakSaNa, unake vratadhAraNa karane kI vidhi tathA unake AcaraNoM ke varNana hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM sAtaveM aMga kA nAma uvAsagadaza (upAsaka dazA) hai| isameM dasa adhyayana meM una upAsakoM kI kathAe~ haiM, jinhoMne svarga prApta kara mokSa prApta kiyaa| 8. antaHkRhaza jinhoMne saMsAra kA aMta kiyA unheM anta:kRta kahate haiM / TIkAkAra abhayadeva ke anusAra antakRta arthAt tIrthaMkara jinhoMne karmoM aura karmoM ke phalasvarUpa saMsAra kA anta kara diyA, unakI dazA hai| viSaya ke anusAra ATha vargoM ko tIna staroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 se 15 taka varga kRSNa aura vasudeva sambandhita vyaktiyoM kI kathAeM 6 aura 7 varga- mahAvIra ke ziSyoM kI kathAeM, AThavAM varga- ratnAvalI, muktAvalI Adi dasa tapoM kA varNana hai| 9. anuntaropapAda daza upapAda kA janma hI jisakA prayojana, unheM aupapArika kahate haiN| isa taraha anuttaroM se utpanna hone vAle dasa sAdhuoM kA jisameM varNana ho, use anuttaropAdikadaza nAmaka aMga kahate 10. praznavyAkaraNa isameM laukika aura vaidika artha diye gaye haiN| AkSepa aura vikSepa ke dvArA hetu aura naya ke Azrati praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko prazna vyAkaraNa kahate haiN| 11. vipAkasUtra isameM sukRtA arthAt puNya aura duSkRta arthAt pApa ke vipAka kA varNana hai| isa taraha vartamAna Agama graMtha meM se 6 se 11 taka ke Agama kathA pradhAna hai aura ve apane mUla rUpa meM nahIM hai, kintu ekadama parivartita rUpa meM hai| bhagavatI kA rUpa sabase nirAlA hai, usakA saMkalana bhI uttarakAla meM huA, kintu usameM prAcIna sAmagrI avazya hai| zeSa cAra aMga avazya hI apanA vaiziSTya rakhate haiM, kintu ve bhI apane mUlarUpa meM nahIM hai, yaha spaSTa hai|| cAra mUlasUtra zrI bevara aura viMTaranIja' ne uttarAdhyayana ko prathama mUlasUtra batalAyA hai| yaha AdhyAtmika rUpa meM sthita hai, isaliye ise mUla kahA gayA hai| cArpoNTira' ke anusAra 'svayaM 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR.671 2. Indian Antiquary, Part 21, Page 309 3. History of Indian Literature, Part VI Page 466 4. Indian Antiquary, Part 21, Page 309 For Private and Personal Use Only

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94 mahAvIra ke zabda kisI bhI taraha ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| zubriMga kI rAya thI ki jo AdhyAtmika patha ke mUla arthAt zurU meM sthita haiM, unake liye jo mUla sUtra the, unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA thA / zrI vebara kA kahanA thA ki yaha nAma kAphI arvAcIna hai aura mUlasUtra kA matalaba sUtra se adhika kucha nahIM hai / kintu ye sUtra dya rUpa nahIM hai, kintu padyoM meM haiN| unameM 'uttarAdhyayana' aura 'dazavaikAlika' vizeSa prAcIna hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (1) Avazyaka sUtra - isa sUtra meM 6 adhyAya haiN| inameM sAmAjika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna nAmaka 6 AvazyakoM kA kathana hai| ye pratidina Avazyaka hai, isaliye inakA nAma Avazyaka pdd'aa| Avazyaka sUtra para Avazyaka niyukti nAmaka vyAkhyA hai, jise bhadrabAhu racita mAnA jAtA hai| isakI do prAcIna TIkAe~ haiM- eka cUrNi aura eka haribhadrIya vRtti / (2) dazavaikAlika - vikAla meM par3hA jA sakane kA kAraNa yaha vaikAlika kahA jAtA hai| isake dasa adhyayana haiM, isaliye ise dazavaikAlika kahA gayA hai| isakI niyukti meM AcArya zayyaMbhava ko dazavaikAlika kA racayitA batAyA gayA hai / dazavaikAlika prAcIna hai, zvetAmbara ke sAtha digambara sampradAya meM bhI isakI mAnyatA rahI hai| yApanIya saMgha ke aparAjita sUri ne bhI isakI TIkA racI hai| yaha anveSaNIya hai ki isakA prAcIna rUpa yahI thA yA bhinna / dasa hai ( 3 ) uttarAdhyayana- isakA adhyayana AcarAMga ke pazcAta hotA thA, isaliye ise 'uttarAdhyayana' kahA gyaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne apane nirvANa ke aMtima varSAmAsa meM chattIsa praznoM kA uttara diyA thA, uttarAdhyayana usI kA sUcaka hai| DA. viMTaranITUja ke anusAra 'vartamAna uttarAdhyayana' aneka prakaraNoM kA saMkalana hai aura ve prakaraNa vibhinna samayoM meM race gaye the| usakA prAcInatama bhAga ve mUlyavAna padya hai jo prAcIna bhArata kI zramaNakAvya zailI se sambaddha hai aura jinake sadRza padya aMzata: bauddha sAhitya (dhammapada) meM bhI pAye jAte haiN|'' isa prakAra yaha eka upadezAtmaka aura kathAtmaka saMgraha, jisameM prAcInatA kA puTa bhI nahIM hai| eka niyukti hai, jise bhadrabAhu kI kahA jAtA hai| eka cUrNi hai| zAMtisUri aura nemicaMdra kI saMskRta TIkAe haiN| harmana jekobI ne isakA anuvAda jarmanI meM kiyA, jo 'da sekreDa buka oNpha da IsTa' kA 45vAM khaNDa hai| dasa pannA yyn prakIrNa phuTakara graMtha hai| jaina dharma sambandhI vividha viSayoM kA varNana hai| inakI saMkhyA 1. catu: zaraNa- isameM batAyA hai ki arhanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma - ina cAra kI zaraNa lene se pApa kI nindA aura puNya kI anumodanA hotI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only 2. Atura pratyAkhyAna - isameM batAyA hai ki paMDita ko rogAvasthA meM kyA kyA pratyAkhyAna karanA cAhiye / 1. History of Indian Literature, Part II Page, 466-467

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95 3. bhakta parijJA- bhojana chor3a dene ko bhakta parijJA kahate haiN| isameM bhakta parijJA kI vidhi kA nirupaNa hai| 4. saMstAraka - isakI 123 gAthAoM meM samAdhimaraNa yA saMthAre kA kathana hai| 5. tanula vaicArika - isameM zarIra kI racanA ko lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama ke bIca kA saMvAda hai| isakI gAthAeM 1 39 haiN| isake TIkAkAra vijayavimalagaNi hai| 6. candravaidhyaka - isameM 1 74 gAthAeM haiN| isameM batAyA hai ki AtmA ke ekAgra dhyAna se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| 7. devendra stava - inakI 307 gAthAoM meM devendroM kA kathana hai| 8. gaNividyA - isakI 82 gAthAoM meM jyotiSa kA kathana hai| 9. mahApratyAkhyAna - 142 gAthAoM meM mahApratyAkhyAna kA kathana hai| 10. vIra stava - isakI gAthAoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI gaNanA stuti rUpa meM hai| 'dasa painnA' kI tAlikA anizcita hai| saMkrAMtikAla aura haribhadrakAla (haribhadrasUri se 1000 I taka) saMkrAMtikAla vIra nirvANa ke eka hajAra pazcAt taka kA arthAt devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt pA~ca sau sAta sau varSoM kA jainadharma kA itihAsa timirAcchanna hai, vismRti ke ghanAndhakAra meM vilIna ho cukA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki una pA~ca sAta sau varSoM kI avadhi ke jaina itihAsa se sambandhita na to koI zrRMkhalAbaddha tathya upalabdha hote haiM aura na virkINa tathya hii|' isa yuga meM sAdhuoM ne taMtra, maMtra, yaMtra, mUrtiyoM, maMdiroM Adi ke mAdhyama se prabhutva, sattA, aizvarya, kIrti aura vipula vaibhava prApta karanA prArambha kara diyaa| muniyoM kA AcaraNa zithila se zithilatara hotA gayA hai| sAtavIMAThavIM zatAbdI meM jaina sAdhuoM aura purohitoM ke bIca kA aMtara samApta ho gayA hai| ve jaina bhaktoM dvArA prApta athAha dhana ke svAmI hote gye| vIra nirvANa saMvat 1000 se 1300 taka ke jainadharma ke itihAsa para bhAva paramparAoM ke sthAna para dravya paramparAeM chAI rhii| vIra nirvANa saMvat 850 meM caityavAsI saMgha kI sthApanA huI thii| aMdha zraddhAluoM ne 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, (tRtIya khaNDa) pR7 2. Ram Bhushan Prasad Singh, Jainism in Early Mediveal Karnataka, Page 51 Thus the distincation between Jain monks & priests gradually disappeared from the 7th & 8th century. The change in usual practise of priesthood would have surely made them the sole master of enormous wealth acquired from endowments made by the Jain devotees. 3. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, (tRtIya khaNDa) pR73 For Private and Personal Use Only

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96 udAratApUrvaka Arthika dAna dekara caityavAsI saMgha ko sudRr3ha, sakSama aura sabala bnaayaa| inheM rAjyAzraya bhI milaa| rAjyAzraya prApta caityavAsI paramparAbhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM prasUta huI, phailI aura phalI phuulii| 'vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa se vIra nirvANa saMvat 1554 taka yahI sthiti rahI ki caityavAsI paramparA hI lokadRSTi se jainadharma kI saccI pratinidhi aura mUla paramparA ke rUpa meM mAnya rhii|'' inhoMne rAjAjJAeM prasArita kara mUla zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA apane kSetroM meM praveza taka niSiddha karavA diyaa| zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI ke anusAra caityavAsI paramparA kA vikasita rUpa vikrama kI pAMcavI zatAbdI meM parilakSita ho cukA thaa| muni jayaMta vijaya jI ke anusAra, 'duSkAla rAjyakrAMti va rAjyoM ke uthalaputhala va anya matAvalambiyoM ke atyAcAroM ke kAraNa jaina samAja ke sAdhuoM ne apanA svarUpa sameTa liyaa| unhoMne choTe choTe samudAya meM apanA kAryakSetra bnaayaa| ve logoM kI ruci va rujhAna ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zithilAcArI bane / jaMtra maMtra kA sahArA liyaa| jyotiSa, nimitta, zikSA, auSadhi upacAra Adi kA kArya bhI karane lge| ina saba kAryoM kA mukhya sthala caityoM meM thaa|' inakA dhArmika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika kSetra meM varcasva thaa| yaha jainadharma ke vaicArika patana kA pratIka bhI thii| jinezvara sUri ne phira isake pratikAra ke nimitta ina caityavAsI yatiyoM ke viruddha eka prabala Andolana zurU kiyaa| inhoMne suvihita vidhimArga kA nayA gaNa sthApita kiyaa| inhoMne pATana ke rAjA durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA meM caityavAsa ke samarthaka surAcArya ke viruddha zAstrArtha kara vijaya prApta kii| mahArAja durlabha rAja ne inheM 'tamakharA cho' kahA, jisake bAda meM kharataragaccha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| muni jinavijaya ke anusAra prabhAvaka caritra' ke varNana se yaha to nizcita hI jJAta hotA hai ki surAcArya usasamaya caityavAsiyoM ke eka prasiddha aura prabhAvazAlI vyakti the| ve paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha caitya ke mukhya adhiSThAtA the| svabhAva se ve bar3e ugra aura vAda vivAda priya the| jinezvarasUri aura unake ziSyasamudAya ne caityavAsI paramparA kA unmUlana kara zvetAmbara jaina samAja meM eka naye yuga kA pravartana kiyaa| yadi usa samaya aisA nahIM hotA to ye jaina maMdira bhogavilAsa aura bhraSTAcAra ke maTha bana jAte / vIra nirvANa kI navIM zatAbdI meM caityavAsiyoM meM kucha zithilAcArI muni ugravihAra chor3akara maMdiroM meM paripArzva meM rahane lge| devaddhigaNI ke digaMta hote hI inakA sampradAya zaktizAlI ho gyaa| vidyAbala aura rAjyabala donoM ke dvArA inhoMne ugravihArI zramaNoM para paryApta prahAra kiyaa|' caityavAsI zAkhA ke udbhava ke sAtha eka pakSa, vidhimArga yA suvihita mArga kahalAyA aura dUsarA pakSa caityavAsI pakSa / ' 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra "vIra nirvANa saMvat 882 ke pazcAt caityasthiti athavA caityAvAsa kI sthiti huii| AcArya haribhadra ne caityAvAsa janya tAtkAlika vikRtiyoM kA apane graMtha 'sambodhi prakaraNa' meM ullekha kiyA hai| vikrama kI 1. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR 34 2. murijinavijaya, kathAkoza, pR43 3. jaina paramparA kA itihAsa, pR68-69 4. vahI, pR69 5. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya khaNDa, pR 624 For Private and Personal Use Only

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97 pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM yahI caityAvAsa parivartita hokara yatisamAja ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hone lgaa| upalabdha sAhitya ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki vikramasaMvat 1285 meM caityAvAsa sarvathA banda ho gayA aura muniyoM ne upAzraya meM utaranA prArambha kara diyaa|' caityavAsI paramparA ke kAraNa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga dharma kI mUla AdhyAtmikatA se bhaTaka gyaa| anahilapura paTTana ke mahArAja durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM kI parAjaya ke sAtha hI caityavAsiyoM kA patana prArambha ho gayA aura gujarAta meM usakA gar3ha DhahanA prArambha ho gyaa| bhaTTAraka paramparA isI caityavAsI paramparA ke samAnAntara AcArya devaddhigaNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pUrva vIra nirvANasaMvata 840 ke AsapAsa hI bhaTTAraka paramparA meM nasiyAM (nisihiyAM-niSidhiyAM), bastiyaM (vasadiyAM) Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| inhoMne jaina kuloM ke bAlakoM ko zikSaNa denA prArambha kiyaa| ina zikSaNa saMsthAnoM ne jainavidyA kA prazikSaNa diyA gyaa| digambara paramparA ke AcArya kudakunda ke samaya caityavAsI bhaTTAraka Adi paramparAeM lokapriya ho cukI thii| AcArya kundakunda kA samaya vIra nirvANa samaya 1000 tadanusAra vikrama saMvat 530, IsvI san 473 mAnA jA sakatA hai / bhaTTAraka paramparA bhI apane utkarSakAla se apakarSakAla taka caityavAsI paramparA ke hI pada cihnoM para calatI rahI aura phira uttara vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM pUrNata: vilupta ho gaI, kintu dakSiNI pradezoM meM aba bhI vidyamAna hai| haribhadrakAla sAhityaracanA aura saMkrAMtikAla ke caityavAsI paramparA ke virodha ke svara ko mukharatA pradAna karane ke lie haribhadrasUri kA AvirbhAva huaa| haribhadrasUri mahA medhAvI AcArya the| haribhadrasUri ko jaina paramparA meM sAhitya sraSTA aura samAja vyavasthApaka ke nAma se khyAti prApta hai| jinavijayajI ne inakA samaya vi.saM. 757 se 857 nizcita kiyA hai| citrakUTa nagarI meM haribhadra rAjapurohita the| haridatta jinadatta sUri dvArA dIkSita hue aura ve apane ko yAkinI mahattarA ke dharmaguru mAnane lge| AcArya jinadatta sUri ne haridatta ke vidvattA se prasanna hokara inheM AcAryatva pradAna kiyaa| 'sambodhiprakaraNa' meM haridatta ne caityAvAsa kI zithilAcAra kA citra khIMcA hai| inake anusAra, Ajakala saMyama aura tyAga kI asidhara para calane vAle jaina sAdhu caitya aura maTha meM nivAsa karate haiN| pUjA ke liye AratI karate haiN| jinamaMdira aura pauSadhazAlA calAte haiN| maMdira kA devadravya apane upayoga meM lAte haiN| 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya khaNDa, pR628 2. sambodhi prakaraNa, pR13-19 ceipamaDhA ivAsaM pUyAraMbhAha nizcasittaM, devAi davva bhogaM jiNahara sAlAi karaNaM c| maya kicaM jiNapUyA parUvaNaM maya dhaNANaM jiNa daraNe, gihipuradyo yaaMgAipavayaNa kahaNaM dhntttthaar| For Private and Personal Use Only

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98 haribhadra spaSTa kahate haiM ki ye muni zrAvakoM ko zAstroM kA rahasya nahIM batAte / muhUrta nikAlate haiN| jyotiSa se zubhAzubha phala nikAlate haiM / raMgIna sugaMdhita aura dhUpita vastra pahanate haiN| striyoM ke sAmane gAte haiN| sAdhviyoM kA lAyA huA AhAra karate haiN| dhana kA saMcaya karate haiN| keza loca nahIM krte| miSTAhAra karate haiN| tAmbUla, ghI, dUdha, phalaphUla kA upayoga karate haiN| vastra, vAhana-zaiyA rakhate haiN| kaMdhe para binA kAraNa kaTivastra rakhate haiN| tela mardana karate haiN| striyoM kA saMsarga karate haiN| mRta guruoM ke dAha sthala para pAdapITha banavAte haiN| bali karate haiN| jina pratimAeM becate haiN| gRhasthoM kA bahumAna karate haiN| paisA dekara bAlakoM ko celA banAte haiN| vaidyakI taMtra, maMtra Adi karate haiN| haribhadra sUri ne 1414 graMthoM kI racanA kii| DA. harmana jekobI ke anusAra 'siddhasena divAkara ne jisa jaina darzana kI paddhati kA pracalana kiyA, use parAkASTA taka pahu~cAne vAle to haribhadrasUri hI hai| 2 inhoMne sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA praveza nahIM hone diyaa| haribhadra kI dRSTidhArmika udAratA kI dRSTi thii| ve spaSTa kahate haiM- digambara ho yA zvetAmbara, buddha ho yA anya koI ho, jo bhI apanI AtmA ko samabhAva se bhAvita karatA hai, vahI nissaMdeha mukti prApta karatA hai| haribhadra ne jaina sAhitya ko vizAla graMtha rAzi arpita kii| inhoMne jaina yoga sAhitya kA sampAdana kiyaa| ve jaina yoga sAhitya ke sarvaprathama ubhaavkthe| jahA~ siddhasena divAkara jaina tarkazAstra ke AdyapraNetA the, to haribhadrasUri jaina yoga zAstra ke| haribhadrasUri eka bar3e udAracetA, mahAnanA, pakSapAta rahita satyopAsaka sAdhu puruSa the| 1.sambodhi prakaraNa, pR13-19 nara yagaiheDa jo usa nimitta temIcchamaMta jogaaii| bhiccha tarAya sevaM nIyANa vipAva sahijja vatthAi vivida baNNAI aisai saddAi dhuvaM vaasaai| pahirajai jattha gaNeta gaccha mUla guNa mukaM anatthiDbasahA ivapuraogAyAntijattha mahilANaM jattha mayAra mayAraM bhaNaMti alaM sayaM diti / sanihi mahAkambhaM jala thala kusumAI savva saccitaM nicca dutivAra moyaNa vigaila baMgAi taM bolaM kI vo na kuNaI lIyaM lajjai paDimAi jalla bhuvaNei sorAhaNoM ya diNDeda, baMdhai, kaDipaimama kaje, vattho vagaraNa pattAi davvaM niyaNisseNa saMgahiyaM gihirohaMmmi yajesiM te kiNiNo nANa naha munninno| gihipura o sajjAyaM karaMti aNNoNameva jhUjhati sIsAiyANa kaje kalaha vivAyaM uidUreti / ki bahuNA maNiyeNa bAlANaM te ivaMti ramaNijjA dukkhANaM puNa ee virahAgA chAtra pAva dahA / 2. jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR 201 3. haribhadrasUri Asambaro yA seyambarI vA buddho vA ahava annovaa| samabhAva mAviyappA lahei mukkhaM na saMdeho / For Private and Personal Use Only

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99 jia bhArata ke ucca dharmAcAryoM ke puNyaloka itihAsa meM uccatama puruSoM meM the| unhoMne jaina sAhitya meM mahAn yogadAna rUpa vizAla graMtha rAzi arpita kI hai| usI prakAra unhoMne jaina yoga sAhitya kA sarvaprathama saMkalana kiyA hai| jaina yoga sAhitya ke navanavIna yuga ke sarvaprathama udbhAvaka the / ' haribhadrasUri kevala graMthakAra hI nahIM the, apitu sarvatomukhI pratibhAsampanna mahAkavi bhI the / ve jaina paramparA ke mahAn sAhityakAra aura samAja vyavasthApaka hI nahIM, apitu yoga sAhitya ke prathama nirmAtA, samabhAva ke spaSTa udgAtA aura syAdvAda ke pramukha pracAraka sarala mahAtmA puruSa the / jaina paramparA ko unakI dena mahAn hai| unakA utsarga avismaraNIya hai aura unakI virAsata anamola aura amara hai / ' 'samarAhaccakahA' inakA mahAn graMtha hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir haribhadrasUri ke paravartI AcArya bhI haribhadra ke hI anugAmI rahe haiM, isaliye muni suzIla 1000 taka ke kAla ko haribhadrayuga kI saMjJA dI hai| vAstava meM jAtiyoM kA itihAsa bhI spaSTa rUpa se yahIM se prArambha hotA hai| isIkAla meM jAtiyA~ aura upajAtiyAM bnii| isI yuga se bhArata meM jAtiyoM kA mahAjAla phailaa| vidyAdharagacchIya haribhadrasUri ne poravAloM ko dIkSita kiyA / isI yuga meM udyotanasUri (vi. sa. 834 ) ne bANabhaTTa kI racanAzailI ke AdhAra para amUlyakRti 'kuvalayamAlA' kI racanA kI / bappabhaTTasUri ( janma vi. sa. 800, mRtyu vi.sa. 875) ne baMgAla ke lakSaNAvatI nagara ke rAjA ko prabodha diyA, prasiddha cAvar3A vaMza para prabhAva chor3A, AmarAjya ke putra bhoja rAjA para inakA prabhAva thaa| jainadharma ko pracAra ke dvArA phailAne vAloM meM ye prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| zIlAMkAcArya (vi.sa. 925) ne 10000 zlokoM kA "mahApuruSa carita' nAmaka vRhada graMtha kI racanA kI, AcarAMgasUtra aura 'sUtrakRtAMga' para vi. saM. 933 meM saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAeM likhI / siddharSi sUri (vi.sa. 962 ) - mahAn jainAcArya the, jinhoMne "upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA' nAmaka vizAla rUpaka graMtha kI racanA kI / bhAratIya sAhitya meM alaMkAramayI saMskRta ke kAraNa isakA viziSTa sthAna hai| jambUsvAmI nAga (vi.sa. 1005) ne 'maNipati caritra ' graMtha kI racanA kI / vaidika zAstra ke prakANDa paNDita padyumnasUri sapAdalakSa aura tribhuvanagiri ke rAjAoM ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dii| jainadarzana ke prakANDa paNDita abhayadeva sUri nyAya ke vizAlabhavana zarI the, tarka paMcAnana meM niSNAta the / dhanezvara sUri (gyArahavIM zatAbdI) kA dhArA nagarI ke mahArAjadhirAja muMja para gaharA prabhAva thA / inhoMne apane gaccha kA nAma caMdragaccha se badalakara rAjagaccha rakhA / dhanapAla muMja ke rAjasabhA ke paNDita the, jinhoMne jaina siddhAntoM ke anurUpa 'tilakamaMjarI' nAmaka saMskRta meM AkhyAyikA likhI / dhanapAla ke hI bhrAtA zobhana ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stutiyAM likhI / AcArya zAMtisUri (gyArahavIM zatAbdI) ne 'uttarAdhyayana' sUtra para TIkA likhI aura 1. muni suzIlakumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR 203 2. vahI, pR 205 3. vahI, pR 214 For Private and Personal Use Only

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100 100 zrImAlI kuTumboM ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dii| caMdragacchIya varddhamAna sUri (vi.sa. 1045) ne haribhadrasUri kRta upadeza pada, upamiti bhavaprapaMca' 'kathAnAMsammuccaya' aura 'upadezamAlA vRhadavRtti nAma kI TIkAeM likhii| jinacaMdrabhrabhasUri (vi.sa. 1073) ne 'navatatva prakANa' kI racanA kii| sampradAya bheda (gacchabheda)- (1000 I se loMkAzAha taka) jinezvarasUri ne pATana meM caityAvAsI sAdhuoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara ravaratara upAdhi prApta kI, usI dina se isa gaccha kA nAma kharataragaccha pdd'aa| inhoMne haribhadra ke aSTamoM para (vi.sa. 1080) meM TIkA likhii| inhoMne sahodara aura sahadIkSita buddhisAgara jI ne 7000 zlokoM ke paMcagraMthI vyAkaraNa kI racanA kii| buddhisAgara sUri jaina samAja ke Aya vaiyAkaraNa kahe jA sakate haiN| jinezvarasUri ke ziSya dhanezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1095) ne surasundarI kathA prAkRta' meM likhii| inake hI samaya meM AbU meM vimalavasati nAmaka prasiddha kalAtmaka maMdira kA nirmANa huaa| abhayadevasUri jainamata ke zAstroM ke saphala TIkAkAra mAne jAte haiN| ye arhata saMskRti ke mahAn evaM divya nakSatra the| abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya caMdraprabha mahattara vi.sa. 1137 ke lagabhaga prAkRta bhASA meM 'vijayacaMdra carita' nAmaka graMtha likhaa| abhayadeva sUri ke hI ziSya varddhamAna sUri ne prAkRta meM 'manoramA carita' kI racanA kii| isake atirikta vi.sa. 1160 meM prAkRta bhASA meM 'AdinAtha caritaM' aura vi.sa. 1172 meMtti dharmaratna karaNDa vRtti, kI racanA kii| harSapurIgacchIya malladhArI abhayadevasUri ojasvI vaktA the| inhIM ke upadezoM se aneka ajainoM ne jainamata aMgIkAra kiyaa| jinavallabhasUri ne caityAvAsa kA tyAgakara navAMgavRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ne puna: dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vAgnaDa (vAgar3a) kI janatA ko pratibodhita kiyaa| ye prasiddha AgamajJa aura prakANDa vidvAna the| jinavallabhasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya aura kharataragacchIya mahAn prabhAvaka puruSa the, jinhoMne siddhi se "dAdA' nAma se prasiddhi prApta kii| inhoMne aneka rAjapUtoM ko prabodha dekara osavaMza aura jainadharma ke prasAra meM yoga diyaa| jinadattasUri jinavallabhasUri ke ziSya rAmadeva gaNi ne (vi.sa. 1173) 'vairAgya zataka' ke atirikta RSabha aura neminAtha para mahAkAvya likhe| caMdragacchIya vijaya siMha sUri ke ziSya vIrAcArya (vi.sa. 1160) ne nAgaura kSetra meM jainadharma kI acchI prabhAvanA kii| navAMgavRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ke praziSya aura prasannacaMda sUri ke ziSya devacaMdra sUri ne prAkRta meM ArAdhanAzAstra', 'vIra caritra', 'kathAratnakoza' aura 'pArzvanAtha carita' (vi.sa. 1165) kI racanA kii| caMdragacchIya IzvaragaNI ke ziSya vIragaNi ne vi.sa. 116 9 meM 'piNDa niyukti' para TIkA likhii| vi.sa. 1160 meM prakhyAta hemacaMdra sUri ke guru devacaMda sUri ne prAkRta bhASA meM zAMtinAtha carita' kI racanA kii| _vRhadagaccha ke municaMdrasUri ne bahuta se graMthoM para vRttiyAM aura cUrNiyAM likhane kA mahAna kArya kiyaa| inakA dehAnta vi.sa. 1178 meM huaa| malladhArI hemacaMdrasUri ne vi.sa. 1193 'munisuvrata carita' aura prAkRta meM saMgrahaNI tatva' nAmaka graMtha likhaa| candragacchIya zrI caMdrasUri ne vi.sa. 1214 meM prAkRta meM 12 hajAra zlokoM kA 'sanatakumAra carita' likhaa| zrIcandrasUri ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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101 ziSya haribhadrasUri (yAkinI) ne prAkRta-apabhraMza meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanacarita likhe| candragacchIya muniratnasUri ne vi.sa. 1235 meM AgAmI tIrthaMkara abhayasvAmI kA caritra likhA |tpaagcch ke omaprabhasUri ne 'sumatinAtha carita', 'sUkti muktAvali', 'zatArthakAvya', kumArapAla pratibodha ne saMskRta meM racanA kii| ___ hemacaMdrasUri jJAna ke mahAsamudra mAne jAte haiM / ' hemacaMdra ne 'zandAnuzAsana', 'chandAnuzAsana', 'kAvyAnuzAsana' aura 'liMgAnuzAsana' ke sAtha kumArapAla carita' nAmaka prAkRta kAvya aura mahAkAvya saMskRta meM likhaa| saMskRta bhASA meM 'triSaSThi zalAkA puriSa carita' likhakara jainamata meM eka yugAntakArI kArya kiyaa| jinadattasUri kA vi.saM. 1265 meM prAdurbhAva huaa| Apane hajAroM sadgRhasthoM ko dIkSA dii| vijayasiMha sUri ke ziSya varddhamAna sUri ne vi.sa. 1299 meM 4894 zlokoM meM vAsupUjya carita' kI racanA kii| vijayasena sUri ne saM 1288 meM prAcIna gujarAtI (apabhraMza mizrita) meM 'evaMtA munirAsu' kI racanA kii| harSapura gacchIya naracandrasUri ne 'kathA ratnAkara' meM dharmakathAoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| narendraprabhasUri ne 'alaMkAra mahodadhi' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI / candragacchIya haribhadrasUri ke ziSya bAlacaMdra ne 'basanta vilAsa' mahAkAvya aura 'karuNA vajrAyudha' nATaka kI racanA kii| AcArya vIrasUri ke ziSya jayasiMha sUri ne hammIra mardana' nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kii| rAjagacchAcArya bhAgaracaMdra sUri ke ziSya AcArya mANikya caMdrasUri ne mammaTa ke 'kAvya prakAza' para TIkA likhii| 'zAMtinAtha carita' aura 'pArzvanAtha carita' mahAkAvya ApakI racanA kauzala ke jvalaMta pramANa hai| upAdhyAya caMdratilaka jI ne saMvat 1312 meM 'abhayakumAra caritra' kI racanA kii| 14vIM zatAbdI meM rAjazekhara ne 'syAdvAda kalikA', 'ratnAkarAvatArikA', 'SaTadarzana sammuccaya', 'prabandhakoSa' Adi graMthoM se sAhitya kA pravartana kiyaa| kRNNarSi gaccha ke jayasiMha sUri ne saMvat 144 meM 'kumArapAla carita' kI racanA kii| mahendrasUri ne saMvat 1427 meM 'yaMtrarAja' nAmaka graMtha likhaa| ratnazekhara sUri ne saMvat 1498 meM vipula sAhitya kA sarjana kiyaa| AcArya jayazekhara sUri ne saMvat 1496 meM 'nyAyamaMjarI', 'jainakumAra sambhava', aura 'upadezamAlA' nAmaka tIna graMthoM ke dvArA jaina sAhitya ko vizeSa dizA pradAna kii| AcArya merutuMga ne vi.sa. 1449 meM AgamoM kA sAhitya kSetra meM avataraNa kiyaa| kulamaNDana ne vi.sa. 1443 meM 'prajJApanAsUtra', 'vicArAmRtasAra' aura 'jayAnaMda caritra' Adi zreSThatama kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| zrI jayacaMdasUri kI 'samyaktva kaumudI' aura jayazekharasUri kI 'prabodha caMdrodaya' jaina sAhitya ke gagana ke camakate ho nakSatra haiN| AcArya merUtuMga ke ziSya mAgikyasundara aura mANikya zekhara ne 'AcarAMgasUtra', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'AvazyakasUtra' aura 'kalpasUtra' para niyuktiyAM likhii| isa taraha isa yuga ko hama sAhityasarjana kA yuga bhI kaha sakate haiN| sAhitya sarjana kI dRSTi se yaha yuga haribhadrasUri ke yuga se pUrI taraha prabhAvita hai| 1. muni suzIla kumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR239 2. vahI, pR 250 For Private and Personal Use Only

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his wir 102 madhyakAla meM jainamata meM vibhinna bheda-upabhedoM ke rUpa meM gacchoM aura saMghoM ke rUpa meM astitva meM aayaa| jainAcAryoM kI dharmaprasAraka prabhAvanA evaM udbodhana se vibhinna jAtiyAM mukhyata: kSatriya aura rAjapUta jainamata meM dIkSita hue| / jaina paramparA ke anusAra 65 I. meM jinadatta ke cAra putroM- candra, nAgendra, nivRtti aura vidyAdhara ne zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lii| yahI kramaza candrakula, nAgendrakula, nivRttikula aura vidyAdhara kula ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki 84 I. meM 4 gaNoM aura 84 gacchoM kI utpatti huii| kucha paTTAvaliyoM meM 937 I. meM 84 gacchoM ke astitva meM Ane kA ullekha hai| vastuta: khataratara gaccha, aMcalagaccha, tapAgaccha bAda meM astitva meM aae| ye gaccha adhikatara sirohI, mAravAr3a jaisalamera aura mevAr3a meM the| kharatagaccha rAjasthAna meM sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI, lokapriya aura prasiddha gaccha rahA hai| yaha samaya samaya para kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huaa| 1110 I. meM jinavallabhasUri dvArA / madhukara kharatara zAkhA 1112 I. meM jamazerasUri / rUdrapallIya kharatara zAkhA 1274 I. meM jinasiMha sUri laghu kharatara zAkhA 1365 I. meM jinezvarasUri vaikaTa kharatara zAkhA 1404 I. meM jinavardhanasUri pippalaka kharatara zAkhA 1507 I. meM zAMtisAgarasUri AcAryiyA kharatarazAkhA 1629 I. meM jinasAgara sUri laghu AcAryiyA kharatara zAkhA 1643 I. meM raMgavijayagaNI raMgavijaya kharatarazAkhA kharataragaccha kI nimnazAkhAeM bhI dekhane ko milI hai - 1. jinacandrasUri dvArA sthApita sAdhu zAkhA 2. mANikyasUri zAkhA 3. kSemakIrti zAkhA 4. jinaraMga sUri zAkhA 5. kharataragaccha kA candrakula 6.kharataragaccha kA naMdigaNa 7. vardhamAna svAmI kA anvaya 8. jinavardhanasUri zAkhA 9.raMgavijaya zAkhA 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka 2, aMka 4, pariziSTa pR 10 2. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI bhAga 1, 471 3. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, aMka 4, pariziSTa 70 4. paTTAvalI pravadha saMgraha, pR 91,97 5. DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina, madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR84 6. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 84-85 For Private and Personal Use Only

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103 kucha gaccha aura unake abhilekha nimnAnusAra haiN| vRhada gaccha gaccha ke 1046 I. ke abhilekha sirohI rAjya meM koTarA grAma meM hai|, 1158 I. kA abhilekha nADola (mAravAr3a) meM bhI pAyA gayA hai| isa gaccha kA prAcInatama abhilekha 954 I kA sirohI ke dayANA caitya kA hai jisameM vRhadagaccha ke paramAnanda sUri ke ziSya yakSadeva sUri kA ullekha hai| upakezagaccha isakI utpatti mAravAr3a ke AsiyA yA upakezanagara se mAnI jAtI hai| isa gaccha ke devagupta sUri ne sirohI meM loTANA tIrtha meM dhAtu paMcatIrthI kI pratiSThA 954 I. meM prAgvaTa zAha siMha deva ke putra nala dvArA karAI thii| ise prAcInatama gaccha mAnA jAtA hai, kintu pramANa ke abhAva kAraNa prAmANikatA para saMdeha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| saMDeraka gaccha isa gaccha kI utpatti mAravAr3a meM yazodeva sUri dvArA saMDerA meM huI / sAMDa ke vijaya ke kAraNa isakA nAma saMDerA rakhA gayA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI meM nADaula meM isakA astitva thA / isa gaccha ke zAMtisUri ne sirohI rAjya ke dharAda meM 1147 I. meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kraaii| malladhArI gaccha isa gaccha kA prAcInatama ullekha 1157 meM ghANerAva meM prItisUri kA ullekha upalabdha hai|' brahmANagaccha yaha gaccha sirohI rAjya meM brahmANaka (varamANatIrtha) se utpanna huaa| isakA prAcInatama ullekha pradyumna sUri kA 1160 meM dharAMda meM milatA hai| isake atirikta 1185 meM sirohI ke varamANa tIrtha meM aura 1166 I kA sirohI ke ajitanAtha maMdira kA eka pratimA lekha hai| nivRtti gaccha nivRtti gaccha aura zekharasUri kA ullekha 1073 I ke lauTANA tIrtha se prApta hotA 1. prAcIna lekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, kra. 3 2. jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara), kramAMka 833, 834 3. zrI jina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 331 4. vahI, kramAMka 321 5. prAcIna lekhasaMgraha, kra 5 aura 23 6. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kra. 173 7. vahI, kramAMka 324 8. vahI, kramAMka 200 9. vahI, kramAMka 328 10. vahI, kramAMka 32 11. vahI, kramAMka 318 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 104 vRhatapAgaccha: isa gaccha ke hemacaMdrAcArya kA ullekha 1163 I. meM sirohI ke dharAda ke eka pratimA lekha se prApta hotA hai / ' tapAgaccha kA udbhava saMvat 1228 meM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu isake pUrva bhI tapAgaccha vRhadatapA ke rUpa meM astitva meM thA / ise vRddhatapA bhI kahate haiM / vAyaTagaccha isa gaccha kA utpatti sthala ajJAta hai| sirohI ke ajitanAtha maMdira meM 1078 I. meM eka pratimAlekha meM isakA ullekha hai / 2 dhArAgaccha isa gaccha kI utpatti mAlavA kI dhArA nagarI meM huii| sirohI ke ajitanAtha maMdira meM 1177 I. meM isa gaccha kI pratimA haiN| 3 anya gacchoM ke prAcInatama lekha 4 anya gacchoM ke prAcInatama lekhoM meM jAlora se caMdragaccha kA 1182 I. ' kA aura 1125 I. ' kA, yazasUri gaccha kA ajamera se 1185 I. 'kA, selAnA se bhAvadevAcArya gaccha kA 7 1157 I. ' kA, aura bAlotarA se bhAvaharSa gaccha kA 9528 I. ke abhilekha prApta hue haiN| www.kobatirth.org - pUrNimA gaccha * anya gacchoM meM pUrNimA gaccha kA udbhava 1179 I. athavA 1102 I. meM huaa| isakI tIna zAkhAeM haiM- pradhAnazAkhA, bhImapallIya zAkhA aura sAdhu zAkhA / 1347 aura 1567 I. ke bIca isa gaccha ke 43 pratimA lekha mile haiM / " pUrNimA pakSIya - 1329 I. aura 1547 I. ke madhya ke madhya 28 mUrtilekha isa gaccha ke prApta hue haiM / " pUrNimApakSe bhImapallIya gaccha 1519 I. 12 meM mile haiN| 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 85 2. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 7 3. vahI, kramAMka 36 4. jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara), kramAMka 899 5. arbudA pradizaNA lekha saMdoha 6. Jain Sects & School, 59 7. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 24 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 10. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha pari. 2, pR 226 11. vahI, kramAMka 521 12. vahI, kramAMka 962 - 8. jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara), kramAMka 736 9. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 178, 70, 273, 54, 139, 360, 119, 221, 18, 94, 121, 356, 28, 2, 368, 56, 262, 32, 140, 141, 93, 71, 8, 261, 79, 168, 11, 95, 126, 217, 166, 207, 31, 246, 101 isa gaccha ke ullekha 1456 I. " aura For Private and Personal Use Only

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hai | 2 105 pUrNimA pakSe kaccholIvAla - isa gaccha ke ullekha 1456 I, 1434 I, 1468 I aura 1470 I ke pratimA lekhoM meM mile haiN|' pUrNimA pakSe vaTapadrIya - sA~gAnera ke mahAvIra maMdira meM 1466 I meM isakA ullekha upakezagaccha - osiyA se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1287 I se 1535 I taka kI 58 pratimAoM ke lekhana meM milA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kRSNarSi gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha 1416I, 1444 I, 1467I, aura 1477 I kI mUrtiyoM meM upalabdha haiM / 4 sirohI kI do mUrtiyoM meM 1426 I meM isakA ullekha hai / ' kRSNarSi tapAgaccha isa gaccha kA ullekha 1426 I, 1450 I, 1468 I, 1473 I aura 1477 I ke pratimA lekhoM meM milatA hai / ' komala gaccha - isa gaccha kA nAma derAsara ne pArzvanAtha maMdira ke ajitanAtha ke 1477 I ke lekha meM upalabdha hotA hai / " khar3Ayatha gaccha - sirohI ke AdinAtha maMdira ke 1236 I meM abhilekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai / kharataragaccha - rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM ke 1251 I se 1599 I taka ke 152 pratimA lekhoM meM isa gaccha ke AcAryoM aura zrAvakoM ke nAmollekha milate haiM / kharatara madhukara gaccha - kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha mer3atA meM 1490 I ke eka lekha meM milatA hai| 10 koraMTa gaccha - isa gaccha ke nAmollekha 1335 I se 1511 I taka kI 18 mUrtiyoM meM upalabdha hue haiN| " jagadeva saMtAnIya gaccha - sirohI rAjya ke dharAda se prApta 2 mUrtiyoM- 1465 I aura 1526 I aura jIrAdallA se prApta 1364 I kI pratimAoM meM isa gaccha ke ullekha milate haiM / 12 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 523, 657, 84, 685 2. vahI, kramAMka 626 3. vahIM, pariziSTa, pR 222 4. vahI, kramAMka 23, 351, 648, 782 5. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, 288, 291 6. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 241, 416, 659, 722, 780 7. vahI, kramAMka 770 8. vahI, kramAMka 56 9. vahI, pari. 2, pRSTha 223 10. vahI, kramAMka 848 11. vahI 2, pR 223, zrI jaina pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 7, 205 12. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 40, 10, 303 a, For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 106 kAcholI gaccha - sirohI ke kAcholI grAma se isakI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| isI gAMva kI 1246 I kI eka pratimA meM isakA ullekha hai / ' caitragaccha - caitragaccha kA ullekha 1252 I se 1525 I taka kI 4 mUrtiyoM ke abhilekhoM meM milatA hai / jIrApallI gaccha ise jIrAulA gaccha bhI kahate haiN| isake do abhilekha 1492 aura 1500 I ke milate haiM / www.kobatirth.org - vRhatapA/vRddhatapAgaccha - yaha tapAgaccha se bhI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| rAjasthAna meM 1424 I se 1580 I taka kI 63 mUrtiyoM meM isake ullekha milate haiM / ' prApta hue haiN| hai / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dhirApadrIya gaccha - sirohI ke kSetra ke vibhinna sthaloM se 1413 se 1475 I ke bIca mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM se isake abhilekha mile haiN| S dharmaghoSa gaccha - AcArya dharmaghoSa ke nAma se rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina maMdiroM meM 1252 I se 1520 I taka ke 53 pratimAoM me isa gaccha ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai|' nAgendra gaccha - nAgendra kula se utpanna isa gaccha ke ullekha 1238 I se 1560 I ke madhya 4 pratimA lekhoM meM mile haiN| 7 nigama prabhAvaka gaccha - sirohI rAjya kI do pratimAoM para 1524 I ke do abhilekha mile haiN| nivRtti kula / gaccha - isakA ullekha 1472 I aura 1510 ke mUrtilekhoM meM milatA pippala gaccha - sirohI kSetra ke vibhinna sthAnoM se 1234 I. se 1504 I. ke madhya 51 lekha mile haiN| 10 vRhada gaccha - AbU meM utpanna 1259 I se 1502 I taka 39 mUrtiyoM ke abhilekha 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 332 2. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, pari. 8, pR 224, zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 106, 67, 155, 37, 213, 267 3. vahI, kramAMka 855 aura 892 4. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR43-45 5. vahI, kramAMka 206, 268, 65, 142, 229, 61, 165, 172 evaM pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha pari. 2, pR 227 6. vahI, pR 199, 290, 98,269, 123 aura pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, pari. 2, pR 225 7. vahI, pR 57, 6, 183, 369, 216, 96, 197, 365, 39, 215, 122, 27, pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha 22, 58, 151, 167, 366, 696, 883, 931, 946, 951 8. vahI, kramAMka 80, 241 9. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 712, 937 10. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, pR 40-50 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #136
107 brahmANa gaccha - sirohI rAjya ke varayANa tIrtha se utpanna isa gaccha ke 48 pratimA lekha 1284 I. se 1511 I. ke madhya mile haiN|' bhAvadAra gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha 1292 I se 1580 I ke madhya 25 mUrtilekhoM meM upalabdha hue haiN| maDAhaDa gaccha - sirohI kSetra ke 9 mUrti lekhoM ke 1428 I. se 1500 I. ke madhya ke lekha prApta hue haiN| maDAhaDa ratnapurI gaccha - isa gaccha ke ullekha 1228 I, 1444 I aura 1500 I ke mile haiN| malladhArI gaccha - isa gaccha ke ullekha sirohI kSetra ke 30 pratimA lekhoM meM 1401 I se 1527 I ke madhya milate haiN| vimalagaccha - isa gaccha kA eka mUrtilekha 1460 I kA sirohI kSetra ke luANA ke ajitanAtha ke jainamaMdira kA milatA hai|' saMDeraka gaccha - isa gaccha ke ullekha 38 mUrti lekhoM meM 1211 I se 1531 I taka milate haiN|' sarasvatIgaccha - sirohI kSetra ke gharAda gAMva se 1456 I aura 1563 I. ke pratimA lekha mile haiN| siddhAnti gaccha - 7 mUrti lekhoM meM 1444 I se 1541 I ke madhya isake ullekha mile citrApallIya gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha 1277 I kI jayapura ke paMcAyatI maMdira kI paMcatIrthI para aMkita haiN|10 citrAvAla gaccha - isa gaccha ke ullekha 1444 I, 1446 I, 1448 I, 1451 I aura 1456 I ke mUrtiyoM para mile haiN|" 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 292, 219, 22, pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha pari. 2, pR226 2. vahI, kramAMka 20, 33, 176, 255, 150, 162, 88, 157, 9, 191, 235, 124, pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 169,342, 362,363,402, 463,527,578,583 3. vahI, kramAMka 334, 103, pratimA lekhasaMgraha kramAMka 210, 603, 788, 789 aadi| 4. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 253, 339, 891 5. zrI jaina pratimA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 292 ba, pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha pari. 2, pR 227 6. vahI, kramAMka 359 7. vahI, kramAMka 208, pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, pari. 2, pR 228 8. vahI, kramAMka 174,264 9. vahI, kramAMka 4,153, 145,252, 19, 212, pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 999 10. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 86 11. vahI, kramAMka 346, 370,397,434,505 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #137
108 citrAvAlA dhArApadrIya gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha nAgaura se 1504 I. kA milA ___ chahitarA gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha jayapura ke sumatinAtha maMdira kI paMcatIrthI para 1555 I kA milA hai| jAkhar3iyA gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha nAgaura ke zItalanAtha maMdira ke paMcatIrthI ke 1477 I kA upalabdha hai| jAloharIya gaccha - mAlapurA ke muni suvrata maMdira meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| dekAtrIya gaccha - koTA ke caMdraprabhu maMdira kI pArzvanAtha paMcatIrthI para 1351 I ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| dvivaMdanIka gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha 1390 I 1466 I aura 1468 I ke lekhoM meM milatA hai| nAgara gaccha - isakI utpatti rAjasthAna ke prAcIna nAma nagara meM huI hai| isakA ullekha kekar3I ke caMdraprabhu maMdira kI pArzvanAtha kI paMcatIrthI para 1236 I kA milatA hai|' nAgaurI tapAgaccha - tapAgaccha kI yaha zAkhA nAgaura meM astitva meM aaii| isakA ullekha 1494 I ke eka mUrti lekha meM milatA hai| nANakIya/jJAnakIya gaccha - isakI utpatti nANA nAmaka prAcIna tIrtha se huI hai| isakA nANakIya nAma se 1253 I se 1473 I ke madhya 4 mUrtilekhoM aura jJAnakIya nAma se 1444 I se 1504 I ke madhya 3 mUrtilekhoM meM milatA hai|' ___nANAvala gaccha - isakI prasiddhi bhI nANA tIrtha se huii| isake ullekha 7 pratimA lekhoM meM 1472 I se 1513 I ke madhya milate haiN| pallIgaccha - pAlI se utpanna isa gaccha ke 3 abhilekha 1378 I se 1518 I ke madhya milate haiN| 1. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 913 2. vahI, kramAMka 1010 3. vahI, kramAMka 773 4. vahI, kramAMka 23 5. vahI, kramAMka 146 6. vahI, kramAMka 173,372, 652 7. vahI, kramAMka 57 8. vahI, kramAMka 865 9. vahI, kramAMka 68, 89, 139, 301, 349, 381, 467, 519, 675, 697 aadi| 10. vahI, kramAMka 713, 783, 819, 930, 932, 934, 943 11. vahI, kramAMka 162, 177, 183, 261, 262, 197, 430 759, 863, 906, 956 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #138
109 pallIvAlagaccha - pallIvAla jAti se sambandhita isa gaccha ke pratimA lekha 1453 I se 1526 I ke madhya milate haiN|' kAzadraha gaccha - koTA ke AdinAtha maMdira meM 1565 I ke pratimA lekha meM isakA nAma milatA hai| pippapala gaccha - isakA ullekha 1459 I, 1473 I aura 1480 I ke mUrtilekhoM meM milatA hai| pippapala gacchetalAjIya - harasUlI ke pArzvanAtha maMdira ke sumatinAtha paMcatIrthI para isakA ullekha hai| pippalagacche tribhavIyA - pippala gaccha kI isa zAkhA ke pratimA lekha 1419 I, 1467 I aura 1468 I. ke upalabdha hue haiN|' vRhadagacche jinerAvaTake - vRhadagaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha nAgaura meM suvidhinAtha paMcatIrthI para 1456 I kA upalabdha hai| vRhadagacche jIrApallIgaccha - vRhadagaccha kI yaha zAkhA jIrApallI meM vikasita huii| savAI mAdhopura ke vimalanAtha maMdira meM muni suvrata paMcatIrthI para 1462 I meM isakA ullekha milatA boMkar3iyA gaccha - isa gaccha kA ullekha 4 mUrtilekhoM para 1439 I se 1505 I ke madhya milatA hai| boMkar3iyA vRhadgaccha - vRhadagaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha panavAr3a ke mahAvIra maMdira kI dharmanAtha paMcatIrthI para 1473 I ke lekha meM milatA hai| bhInamAla gaccha - bhInamAla ke nAma se utpanna bhinAya ke kesariyAnAtha maMdira meM suvidhinAtha kI paMcatIrthI para 1456 I kA eka lekha prApta hotA hai| rAjagaccha - tIna pratimA lekhoM- 1447 I, 1452 I aura 1453 I meM isakA nAma milatA hai| 1. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 470, 472, 723, 823, 973 2. vahI, kramAMka 1021 3. vahI, kramAMka 553,723, 813 4. vahI, kramAMka 778 5. vahI, kramAMka 217, 640,677 6. vahI, kramAMka 514 7. vahI, kramAMka 594 8. vahIM, kramAMka 315,714,716, 916 9. vahI, kramAMka 725 10. vahI, kramAMka 509 11.vahI, kramAMka 379,441,458 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #139
110 rAmasenIya gaccha - nAgaura meM padmaprabhu paMcatIrthI para 1401 I kA eka mUrtilekha milA hai|' rudrapallIya gaccha - 1449 I se 1496 I ke madhya ke 12 pratimA lekhoM meM isakA nAma milA hai| . . vidyAdhara gaccha - nAgaura ke kuMthunAma maMdira meM 1463 I meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai|' vRtrANA gaccha - mer3atA ke eka maMdira ke zAMtinAtha paMcatIrthI meM 1450 I ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA nAma hai| vRddha dhArANadrIya gaccha - isa gaccha kA nAma 1383 I aura 1470 I ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| zatIzalI gaccha - mAlapurA ke muni suvrata mandira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1477 I ke lekha meM isakA nAma hai| sAdhu pUrNimA gaccha - yaha pUrNimA gaccha kI zAkhA hai| 1476 I ke 5 pratimA lekhoM meM isakA nAma hai|' sItara gaccha - savAI mAdhopura ke vimalanAtha maMdira kI AdinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1405 I ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| suvihita pakSa gaccha - koTA ke mANikyasAgara maMdira kI suvidhinAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1555 I ke lekha meM isakA ullekha hai|' sudharmagaccha - bhaiMsaroDagaDha ke RSabhadeva maMdira kI ajitanAtha paMcatIrthI ke 1600 I ke lekha meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai| ___ harSapurIya gaccha - isakI utpatti harasUra (harSapurA) se huii| nAgaura ke eka maMdira ke 1498 I ke lekha meM isakA ullekha hai|" hArIja gaccha - harasUlI ke pArzvanAtha maMdira kI mahAvIra paMcatIrthI ke 1388 I ke lekha meM isakA ullekha hai| 1. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 182 2. vahI, kramAMka 401, 438, 454-456, 520, 570, 669, 741, 830, 840, 873 3. vahI, kramAMka 608 4. vahI, kramAMka 426 5. vahI, kramAMka 166, 687 6. vahI, kramAMka 875 7. vahI, kramAMka 158, 359, 361, 709, 765 8. vahI, 186 9. vahI, 1011 10. vahI, 1074 11. vahI, 879 12. yahI, 170 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #140
111 bApar3Iya gaccha - yaha gaccha jaisalamera meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM thaa|' devAcArya gaccha - 13vIM zatAbdI ke eka abhilekhoM meM isakA saMdarbha hai| prabhAkaragaccha - mer3atA ke eka abhilekha meM isakA saMdarbha hai|' vyavasiMha gaccha - ratnapura (mAravAr3a) ke 1286 I meM isa gaccha kA ullekha hai|' hummar3agaccha - udayapura meM pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM isakA astitva thaa|' pAlIkIya gaccha - pAlI se sambandhita isa gaccha kA ullekha 1439 I ke lekha meM purandara gaccha - yaha vRhadatapAgaccha se utpanna huA hai| renapura (mevAr3a) se prApta 1439 I ke lekha meM isakA saMdarbha hai|' kutubapurA gaccha - tapAgaccha kI yaha zAkhA mAravAr3a meM 16vIM zatAbdI meM thii| jJAnakathya gaccha - jayapura se prApta 1444 I. ke abhilekha meM isakA ullekha hai|' tAvakIya gaccha yA jJAnakIya - mANA se prApta 1448 I ke lekha meM isakA saMdarbha hai| nAgapurIya gaccha - isa gaccha kI utpatti nAgaura meM hii|| udyotanAcArya gaccha - pAli se prApta abhilekha se patA calA hai ki isakI utpatti pallikIya gaccha se huI hai| sAgara gaccha - tapAgaccha ke rAjasAgara sUri dvArA alaga hue isa gaccha kA saMdarbha osiyA ke lekha meM milatA hai|" 1. jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara), 3, kramAMka 2218 2. vahI, bhAga 1, kramAMka 813 3. vahI, bhAga 3, kramAMka 764 4. vahI, kramAMka 1059 5. vahI, kramAMka 825ba 6. vahI, 3,700 7. vahI, 149-151 8. vahI 2,kramAMka 1143 9. vahI1,kramAMka 887 10. vahI, 2 kramAMka 1606 11. vahI 1, kramAMka 825 12. vahI, kramAMka 825 13. vahI, kramAMka 304 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #141
112 candragaccha - candrakula se utpanna isa gaccha kI utpatti sirohI meM huii| isakAabhilekha 1435 I kA milA hai| hastikuNDI gaccha - mAravAr3a ke hastikuNDI meM utpanna isakA abhilekha udayapura se prApta 1396 I ke lekha meM milA hai|' bharataripura gaccha - 13vIM zatAbdI ke eka abhilekha meM isakA astitva milatA ratanapuriyA gaccha - madAhaDa gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA lekha udayapura meM 1453 I kA upalabdha huA hai| bhImapallIya gaccha - pUrNimA gaccha kI isa zAkhA kA abhilekha jodhapura meM 1541 I kA milA hai| jApadAnAgaccha - nAgaura ke 1477 I ke abhilekha meM isakA saMdarbha hai|' tAvadAra gaccha - jodhapura ke muni suvratanAtha ke maMdira meM 1442 I ke abhilekha meM isakA nAma hai| vAtapIya gaccha - jaisalamera se prApta 1281 I. ke lekha meM isakA nAma hai|' saravAlA gaccha - 13vIM zatAbdI meM jaisalamera meM isakA astitva thaa| caMcalA gaccha - jayapura se prApta 1472 ke abhilekha meM isakA nAma hai|' prAyA gaccha - 1317 I ke udayapura se prApta abhilekha meM isakA nAma hai| nithyati gaccha - mevAr3a kSetra ke 1439 I ke lekha meM isakA pramANa hai|" kAsahRda gaccha - kAsiMdrA se utpanna isa gaccha kA ullekha 1242 I ke lekha meM milatA hai|12 1. prAcIna lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 43 2. Annual Report Rajputana Museum, 1923, kramAMka 9 3. prAcIna lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 49, 124,256 4. jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara) kramAMka 604 5. vahI, 1288 6. vahI, kra. 616 7. Jainism in Rajasthan, Page 68 8. jaina lekhasaMgraha nAhara 3, kramAMka 2220, 2221, 2222 vahI, kramAMka 359 10. Jainism in Rajasthan, Page 68 11. jainalekhasaMgraha (nAhara), kramAMka 1078 12. Jain Inscriptions of Rajasthan, Page 194 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #142
113 kucha pramukha zvetAmbara gaccho ke prAcInatama zilAlekho kA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai:gaccha saMvata/san AcArya/muni sthAna srota 1. kharataragaccha 1090 I . jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara) kra. 2124 2. vRhadagaccha 1046I . sirohI (koTarA) prAcIna lekhasaMgraha 1, kramAMka 3 3. upakezagaccha 954 I devaguptasUri sirohI (loTApA) zrI jaina pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, kra.321 4. saMDeraka gaccha 1147I zAMtisUri sirohI (gharAda) vahI, kramAMka 173 5. malladhArI gaccha 1157 I muchAlA (ghANerAva) vahI, 324 6. brahmANa gaccha 1160 I. padyumnasUri sirohI (brahmANatIrtha) vahI, 200 7. nivRtti gaccha 1073 ii| zekharasUri sirohI (loTANA) vahI, 318 8. vRhattapAgaccha 1163 I. hemacandrAcArya sirohI (gharAda) vahI, 85 vAyara gaccha 1078 I sirohI pratiSThA lekha saMgraha kra.7 10 candragaccha 1125 I. sirohI arbadAcala prazikSaNa jaina lekha saMdoha 11. yazasUri gaccha 1185I yazasUri ajamera Jain sects & Schills Page 59 12. bhAvadevAcArya gaccha 1157I bhAvadevAcArya selAnA pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, kramAMka 24 13. bhAvaharSa 952 I muni bhAvaharSa bAlotarA jaina loka saMgraha (nAhara) bhAga 1 kramAMka 736 14. dhanezvaragaccha 861 dhanezvarasUri paTiyAlA vahI, kramAMka 945 15. kAmyaka gaccha 1043I Jain Seats & School, Page 53 16. osavAla gaccha 1043I prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha 2, kra. 316 17. brAhmI gacchI 1087 I pAlI Epigraphica India Page 119,319 to 24 18. devAbhidita gaccha 1144I delavAr3A (mevAr3a) jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara) kra. 1998 19. pizapAlAcArya gaccha 1151I pizapAlAcArya / sirohI arbudAcala pradikSaNA lekha sadoha 962 20. AmradevAcArya gaccha 11vIM zatAbdI AMnadevAcArya sirohI vahI, kra. 396, 470, 475, (amATI, hoTANA) 472 21. bharataripurA gaccha 10vIM zatAbdI bhaTevara (mevAr3a) vahI 22. jalayodhara gaccha 1156 I (jorAdra gA~va, ajArI)vahI, kramAMka 408 23. vAtapIya gaccha 1105 I jaisalamera Jainism in Raj., Page 68 24. ArAsaNA gaccha 1127 I yazodevasUri dilavAr3A arbudakAla maNDala kA sAMskRtika vaibhava, pR. 45 25. kAsahada gaccha 1034 I sirohI (kAsidra) arbudakAla kA sAMskRtika vaibhava, pR46 26. AMcalagaccha 1206 I jIrAvalAtIrtha dharmaghoSa sUri jaina pratiSThAlekha For Private and Personal Use Only

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114 sagrahU kramAka 308 27. Agamagaccha 1364I jIrAvalatIrtha vahI, kramAMka 304 28. tapAgaccha 1228 I jainacandrasUri jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara) kramAMka 394 tapAgaccha kI zAkhAe~ vijayadevasUri tapAzAkhA 1675 I vijayarAja tapAzAkhA 1534 I kamalakalaza tapAzAkhA 1534I vRhadaposAla tapAzAkhA 1526 I laghu pozAla tapAzAkhA 1526 I sAgara gaccha tapAzAkhA 1557 I vijayAnanda sUri tapAzAkhA 1600 I AgamIya tapAzAkhA 1300 I brAhmI tapAzAkhA 1576 I nAgaurI tapAzAkhA 1526 I isa prakAra zvetAmbara mandira mArgI paramparA meM anaginata gacchoM ne jahA~ sampradAyabheda ko pallavita poSita kiyA, vahIM muniyoM aura AcAryoM ne osavaMza ke pravarddhana, vikAsa, prasAra aura utkarSa meM bhI yoga diyaa| vaicArika krAMti yuga : loMkAzAha kAla (lokAzAha se Aja taka) jainamata ke itihAsa meM lokAzAha ke AvirbhAva ko jainamata ke itihAsa meM vaicArika krAMti kA yuga kaha sakate haiN| loMkAzAha ne samAja kI rUr3hivAditA aura jar3atA ko samApta karane ke liye apane prANoM ke pradIpta ko prajjvalita kiyA aura jar3apUjA kI jagaha guNapUjA kI pratiSThA kii|' lokAzAha ko jainamata kA kabIra kahA jA sakatA hai| lokAzAha ne samAja kI zithilatAoM aura kumAnyatAoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheNkaa| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke ThIka 2000 varSa pazcAt vIra saMvat 2001 meM lokAzAha ne krAnti kA bigula bjaayaa| krAMti ke agradUta lokAzAha jIvana kI asad vRttiyoM ke ucchedaka the| loMkAzAha ko jainamata kA mArTina lUthara bhI kaha sakate haiN| lokAzAha ke janma varSa ke sambandha meM vivAda hai prathamamata : muni zrI bIkA vIra saMvata 1945 arthAt vi.sa. 1475 dvitIya mata : lokAyati bhAnucaMda vi.saM. 1482 tRtIya mata : loMkagacchIya yati kezava vi.sa. 1477 caturthamata : kSitimohanasena vi.sa. 1486 1. muni suzIlakumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR 262 2. vahI, pR270 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra paMcamata SaSTamata CO :: www.kobatirth.org lekhaka 'hArTa Apha jainijma' I san 1452 tapAgacchIya yati kAMtivijaya vi. sa. 1482 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sabhI mAnate haiM ki lokAzAha kA janma kArtika pUrNimA ko huA, kintu saMvat meM matabheda hai| muni zrI bIkA loMkAzAha ko laghu poravAla mAnate haiM, kintu tapAgacchIya kAMtivijaya (vi. sa. 1636) inheM osavaMzIya mAnate haiM / kAMtivijaya jI ke anusAra 66 'A mahAtmA no janma arahar3avAr3A nI osavAla gRhastha caudharI aTakanA roTha hemAbhAI nI pativratapArAyaNa bhAryA gaMgAbAI nI kukSinI hato / 1482 nA kArtika zuda pUnama ne divaso thayo / ' inake pitA hemAzAha osavAla the| muni suzIlakumAra ke anusAra inakA osavAla honA adhika prAmANika hai| inake pitA jauharI the| mAtA kezarabAI dharmaparAyaNa aura patiparAyaNA thI / inakA janma sirohI se 8 mIla dUra arahaTTabAr3A meM huaa| 115 lokApati bhAnucaMdra ke anusAra inakA janma saurASTra ke liMvar3I grAma meM zrImAlI parivAra meM huaa| digambara ratnanaMdI ke 'bhadrabAhu carita' ke anusAra pATaNa ke poravAla kula meM lokAzAha kA janma huA / ' lokAyati kezavajI ne saurASTra ke mAgaveza grAma meM seTha harizcandra ke yahA~ huaa| inakI mAtA madagI bAI thii| nAgacaMdrajI kI paTTAvalI aura rUpacaMda jI kRta caupAI meM inakA janma jAlora mAnA jAtA hai| itihAsakAroM ke anusAra sirohI ke pAsa arahaTavAr3A hI inakA janma sthAna hai| lokazAha ne dIkSA lI yA nahIM, yaha bhI vivAdAspada hai| ve janma se tatvazodhaka the / zAha ne mUrtipUjA kA khaNDana kiyaa| 'vyavahArasUtra' kI cUlikA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu svAmI svargavAsa ke pazcAt mUrtipUjA kI paramparA clii| jinadAsa mahattara ne 'Avazyaka cUrNi' meM pUjA kA vivecana kiyA hai - idANiM pUyAkajhaM purastAta pujjA pUjA, dravya, pUyA, higA dINaM bhAva pUyA para logATThitANa / * 1. muni kAMtivijaya, loMkAzAha nuMjIvana prabhuvIra paTTAvalI, pR 161 2. muni suzIla kumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR 273 3. digambara ratnaMdI, bhadrabAhu carita, pR90 4. Avazyaka cUrNi pR 18 haribhadrasUri ne aSTapuNya pUjA kA vidhAna kiyA / yaha aSTapuSpa pUjA- 'ahiMsA, satyAsteya brahmacaryamarAMgatA gurubhakti stapo jJAnArjana satpuSpANi pracakSate,' kahA hai / isa taraha haribhadrasUri ke anusAra - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, gurUbhakti, jJAnArjana aura For Private and Personal Use Only

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116 tapa-anuSThAna hI zAzvata aSTa puSpa hai| usa samaya cAra saMghapati- nAgajI, dalIcaMda, motIcaMda aura zaMbhujI pUrI taraha loMkAzAha se prabhAvita the| usa samaya loMkAzAha ne apane gaccha kA nAma loMkAgaccha rkhaa| ___ jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM upalabdha tAr3apatroM ke AdhAra para loMkAzAha ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| isameM kahA gayA hai "samata panarene ar3atIsarI sAla migasara suda pAcama ne dina ahamadAbAda vAlA lUMkAjI daphtarI jina dIkSA lii| jJAna rikhaba jInA celAsumati sena jIre pAsalUkA jI pA~ca celA lUMkA nA huaa|luuNkaa nAma thApiyo, lUMkA jI dIkSA lInI tiNase parivAra ghaNo badhiyo / lUkA jI gujarAta, mAravAr3a aura dillI taka padhAriyA aura dillI mAhe pAtasAhe Agama carcA thii| zrIpUjya jI se carcA huI, carcA karIne ghaNoM mithyAtva hArAi ne ghaNA zrAvaka ne pratibodha diivo| aisI zAkha sUrata nA seTha jI kalyANa jIbhaMsAlAnA bhaNDAra mA saMskRta mA che| teyA lUMkA jInI dIkSAnI hakIkata chai tathA jJAnasAgara jatInI jor3a ko graMtha nATaka te mAM paNa lUMkA jIe dIkSA lIdhA ne liravyu che|" _lokAzAha ke dehAnta ke bAre meM bhI vivAda hai| yativara bhAnucaMdajI (1578) ke anusAra inakA svargavAsa saMvat 1532 meM huA, 'prabhuvIra paTTAvalI ke anusAra' vi.sa. 1532 meM, lokAyata kezava jI ke anusAra saMvat 1533 meM, vIra vaMzAvalI ke anusAra vi.sa. 1535 huaa| lokAzAha ne mAnA ki tapa ke binA bhI zAstra abhyAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jina pratimA kI pUjA AgamoM meM nahIM hai; sAdhu ko daNDa nahIM, pustakeM rakhanI cAhiye; binA upavAsa ke pauSadha kiyA jA sakatA hai; upavAsa kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainamata ke itihAsa meM lokAzAha kI dena abhUtapUrva rhii| yahI samaya thA jaba yUropa maM IsAImata meM sudhAravAda kA bolabAlA thaa| dharmaprANa loMkAzAha ne zvetAmbara paramparA meM sudhAra aura krAMti ke dvArA yugAntara upasthita kiyaa| lokAzAha ko ADambara, jar3a upAsanA, jar3a kriyA se ghRNA thii| 'hArTa oNphajenijma' ke lekhaka ne kahA ki 1452 I meM lokAzAha sampradAya ke sAtha hI sthAnakavAsI paramparA prArambha huii| yahI vaha samaya thA jaba yUropa meM lUthara kA zuddhatAvAdI AMdolana zurU huA thaa| "lokAzAha kisI siddhAnta, mAnyatA, paramparA apanA vizvAsa ke virodhI nahIM aura na hI kisI mata, sampradAya, dharma athavA majahaba ke anuraagii| ve sadaiva taTastha rahakara satya kA zodhana krte| unakI satyAnveSIvRtti ko lokabhASA meM DhUMDhiyA vRtti kahate haiM, isaliye sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ko DhUMDhiyA sampradAya kahane lge|' 1. Heart of Jainism. About A.D. 1452 the Lonka Shah arise was followed by Sthanakwasi Sect, dates of which coincide strikingly with the Lutheren puritant in Europe. 2. munisuzIla kumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR 309 For Private and Personal Use Only

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117 usa samaya zramaNavarga meM zithilatA thI, caityAvAsa meM vikAra the aura dharma kA rUr3higata rUpa prazasta ho rahA thaa| jinavallabhasUri ne cittor3a ke mahAvIra maMdira ke 44 zlokoM meM kahA, "jAti, veza, guNa, jJAna aura kisI prakAra kI parIkSA ke liye caityAvAsI dhar3Adhar3a cele mUMDate phirate haiN|" nirvAhArthina mujivaM gunnlvairjnyaanshilaanvyN| tAzyAvaMza tadguNena guruNA svArthAya munnddiikRtm| isameM Age kahA hai ki ye caityavAsI zraddhA meM phaMse hue jainoM kI tIrthayAtrA, pratimA snAna Adi ke nAma lekara isa prakAra chala se phaMsAte haiM, jaise macchImAra kAMTe meM ATA lagAkara macchiyoM ko phaMsAtA hai| AkRSTaM mugdhabhInAn bariza pizivad bimbamAdarzya jaina, tanmAicha;Na ramyarUpAnapavara kamavama sveSTasiddhacai vichnny| yAtrA snAtrAyu pArya yesi taka nizAjArAdye zvalaizca, zraddhAlu nami jainezdvalita iva zaDairvacyate hA janoiyama / Age kahA hai kive caityavAsIsAdhuvarga zvetavastra pahanakara, devadravya ke nAma se arthasaMgraha karake apanI icchAnukUla apane maTha banavAte haiM aura unameM sadA ArAma se rahate haiN| ye sAdhu suvidhAbhogI, parigrahI, lolupa, IrSyAlu aura lobhI haiM aura sukhalaMpaTa bhI - devArtha vyayato yathArucikRte sarvaturramye maThe / nityasthAH zuci padRtUlizayanA: sadgAvida kAdyAsanAH // sAraMbhA: saparigrahaH saviSayAH seAH sAkAMkSA: sdaa| sAdhu vyAjAvita aho sitaparA: kaSTaM caraMti vratama // caityAvAsa ke prArambha meM hI sambodhi prakaraNa' meM haribhadrasUri ne kahA thA, "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhu Aja sUrya ke udaya hote hI udarapoSaNa karane lagate haiN| svAdiSTa miSThAnoM kA bAra bAra bhakSaNa karate haiN| zayyA jor3A, vAhana, zastra aura tAMbA vagairaha dhAtu ke pAtra apane pAsa rakhate haiN| itra phulela lagAte haiN| tela mardana karate haiN| grAma, kula aura ziSyoM para apanA adhikAra batAte haiN| pravacanoM ke sthAna para nindA karate haiN| bhikSA svayaM na lAkara apane upAzrama meM hI maMgAkara khAte haiN| choTI choTI umra ke baccoM ko kraya karake dIkSita karate haiM / yaMtra, DorA, tAbIja Adi kA ADambara karate haiM / paisA, dhana aura parigraha para gRddha dRSTi rakhate haiN|" lokAzAha ne mAnA ki dharma ke upakaraNa-rajoharaNa, mukhapatrI, daNDa Adi upakaraNa mAtra haiM, dharma nhiiN| dharma to AtmA kI bhUkha hai aura hai, AtmA kA svbhaav| loMkAzAha jainamata meM krAMti ke sUtradhAra bne| usa samaya lokAzAha para AropoM kI bauchAra huii| una para Aropa lagAe ki loMkAzAha caityavAda ke virodhI haiM, guru ko asvIkAra karate haiM, kevala mUla AgamoM ko prAmANika mAnate haiM, TIkA aura itara graMthoM ko nahIM, dAna kI apekSA dayA ko dharma mAnate haiM, ye yati paramparA nahIM mAnate, For Private and Personal Use Only

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118 mUrtipUjA kA virodha karate haiM, zramaNavarga kI zithilatA ke kaTTaravirodhI haiM, cAritrya kI kaThora sAdhanA ko saMyama mAnate haiM aura inhoMne yathAsthiti ko tor3akara nayA patha calAyA hai| ye AropahI lokAzAha kI upalabdhiyA~ hai| ___ lokAzAha kI calAI huI saMyamakrAMti kI jyoti 100 varSoM taka dIpazikhA kI taraha jalatI rhii| 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra lokAzAha kA prathama ziSya bhANA nAmaka vyakti huaa| bahuta se loMkAgacchAdhipatiyoM kI paramparA- kezava jI, ratana jI, jagamalajI, rAyapAla jI, dhanna jI, mohana jI, goradhana jI aura sonajI taka calatI rahI hai| lokAgaccha ke 100 varSa ke bhItara tIna sampradAya bane- 1. gujarAtI loMkAgaccha 2. nAgaurI loMkAgaccha aura 3. uttarArddha loNkaagcch| lokAzAha ke 100 varSa ke pazcAt jaba puna: zithilatA kA daura calA, taba solahavIM zatAbdI aura satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM lokAzAha kI amara krAMti ko pAMca mahApuruSoM ne punarujjIvita kiyA 1. jIvarAja jI mahArAja 2. dharmasiMha jI mahArAja 3. labakhI RSijI mahArAja 4. harajI RSijI mahArAja 5. dharmadAsa jI mhaaraaj| sthAnakavAsI paramparA pUjya zrI jIvarAjajI, lavajI RSi jI, dharmasiMhajI, dharmadAsa jI aura hAjIRSi jI mahArAja kI paramparAoM meM sarvaprathama jIvarAja jI hue / jIvarAja jI mahArAja kA janma saMvat 1581 meM huA, jabaki lavajI RSi ne saMvat 1692 athavA 1705 meM yati dIkSA tyAgakara sAdhu dIkSA lii| zrI AnandaRSi jI mahArAja ke sUcanAnusAra lavajI RSi ne 1692 meM yati dIkSA aura 1694 saMvat meM sAdhu dIkSA lii| ye pAMcoM mahApuruSa tyAga aura vairAgya kI vibhUti the| (1) jIvarAja jI mahArAja ___ inakA janma sUrata meM vi.sa. 1500 meM zrAvaNa zukla 14 ko huaa| ye janmanA vairAgI the| ApasaM. 1575 meM jagAjI yati ke pAsa dIkSita hue| ye vizva ke vaibhava, mA~ ke mamatva aura patnI ke pyAra ko ThukarAkara sAdhu hue| inhoMne saMvat 1566 meM pAMca sAdhuoM ke sAtha ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| jIvarAja jI mahArAja ko sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA saMsthApaka kaha sakate haiN| ye sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kI vyavasthita krAMti ke mUla praNetAoM meM prathama pada ke adhikArI bne| 1. muni suzIla kumAra, jainadharma kA itihAsa, pR330 2. vahI, pR352 For Private and Personal Use Only

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119 Aja bhI koTA sampradAya, amarasiMha jI kA sampradAya, nAnakarAma jI kA sampradAya, svAmIdAsa jI kA sampradAya aura nAthUrAmajI kA sampradAya- saba inhIM mahApuruSa kI ziSya santati hai|| (2) dharmasiMha jI sarasvatI ke varada putra dharmasiMha jI meM vidvattA ke sAtha cAritrya thaa| inhoMne 27 zAstroM para Tabbe (TippaNiyA~) likhii| inakI agAdha buddhi, vilakSaNa pratibhA aura divyamUrti jinazAsana ke liye varadAna svarUpa bnii| dharma kI yaha tejasvinI mUti saM 1725 meM 43 varSa kI zuddha dIkSA pAlakara ojhala ho gaI / jIvarAjajI mahArAja ne saMyama se sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kI jo bAr3I lagAI thI, usakA sAhitya se siMcana dharmasiMha jI mahArAja ne kiyaa| inakA pracAra kSetra sArA gujarAta aura saurASTra thaa| (3) lavajI RSi zrImAlI vaNika parivAra meM janmeM lavajI para lakSmI aura sarasvatI donoM kI kRpA thii| saM 1692 meM ApakI yati dIkSA huI aura saMvat 1694 meM zuddha diikssaa| Aja bhI lavajI RSi se anuprANita sampradAya bar3I saMkhyA meM hai| lavajI RSi ke anantara somajI RSi hue| inhoMne ekatA ke liye prayatna kiye, kintu sAmUhika bhAvanA ko na panapA ske| (4) dharmadAsajI mahArAja ApakA janma ahamadAbAda ke pAsa sarakheja gA~va meM 1701 caitra zukla ekAdazI ko huaa| dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ne apanI divyavANI se kaccha, kAThiyAvAr3a, khAnadeza, bAgara, saurASTra, paMjAba, mevAr3a, mAlavA, hADautI aura DhuMDhAra Adi sthAnoM ko Alokita kiyaa| dharmadAsa jI ne krAMti kI apekSA pracAra ko mahatva diyaa| tInoM mahApuruSoM kI virAsata sthAnakavAsI samAja ko milI, jise inhoMne isa atyaMta vyavasthita tathA anuzAsita banAe rakhane kA prayatna kiyaa| inakI ziSya paramparA meM 99 ziSya hue jisameM 35 to saMskRta aura prAkRta ke paNDita the| __inhoMne samasta ziSyoM ke samakSa ekatrita karane kI yojanA prastuta kI kintu saM 1772 meM caitra zukla 13 ko mahAvIra jayantI ke dina 22 ziSyoM ke nAma se 22 sampradAya kI sthApanA huii| dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kA svargavAsa 1769 meM huaa| Aja bhI 22 sampradAyoM kI nirantara aura avirala paramparA pAI jAtI hai1. pUjya zrI raghunAtha jI mahArAja ke zrI mizrImala jI mhaaraaj| 2. pUjya zrI jayamala jI ma. ke zrI hajArImala jI mhaaraaj| 3. pUjya zrIratnacaMda jI ma. ke zrI hastImala jI ma. aura aba AcArya zrI hIrAcaMda jI mhaaraaj| 4. limbar3I sampradAya meM zrI nAnakacaMdajI mhaaraaj| 5. satyalA meM zrI kezu muni jI mhaaraaj| 6. gauDala meM muni zrI puruSottama jI mahArAja / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 120 www.kobatirth.org 7. boTAda meM muni zrI mANakacaMda jI mahArAja / 8. AThakoTI moTI pakSa meM zrI choTelAlajI mahArAja / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 9. nRsiMhadAsa jI ke muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja / 10. manoharadAsa jI ke sampradAya meM pUjya zrI pRthvIcaMda jI mahArAja / 11. pUjya zrI rAmaratanajI ke sampradAya meM zrI saubhAgyamala jI mahArAja / 12. jJAnacaMdajI ke sampradAya meM zrI samarathamalajI mahArAja / (5) harajI RSijI mahArAja lokAzAha ke pazcAt jina pAMca AcAryoM ne vaicArika krAMti ko Age bar3hAyA, unake sampradAya lagAtAra jana jana ko upadezAmRta pradAna karate rahe haiM / (1) jIvarAjajI mahArAja kA sampradAya AcArya dhanajI - bIkAnera meM Apane osavAloM ke Adya gotra toter3oM kI gavAr3a meM pravacana diyaa| bIkAnera meM mahArAnI ne Apake praveza kI agavAnI kii| AcArya viSNu aura AcArya mana jI svAmI - dhana jI ke pazcAt AcArya viSNu AcArya bane / AcArya viSNu ke pazcAt manajI svAmI AcArya hue| sAdhumArgI sampradAya meM ApakI AcAra niSThA pratiSThita thI / vidvAna the / AcArya nAthUrAmajI svAmI - khaNDelavAla jaina parivAra meM janmeM nAthUrAmajI svAmI apane bIsoM ziSyoM ko sUtra kaMThastha kraae| Apane AcArya kRSNa jaise vidvAnoM ko dIkSita kiyA, jo paMjAba meM rAmacandra ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / AcArya lAlacaMda jI mahArAja - inhoMne AgamoM ko lokavANI rAjasthAnI bhASA padyabaddha kiyA / AcArya chajamala jI - darzanazAstra ke paNDita chajamala jI ne sAmAnya janoM ko anekAnta ke siddhAnta kA bodha karAyA / AcArya rAjArAmajI - mithyAdarzana ke kaTTara zatru AcArya rAjArAma jI ke anuzAsana kAla meM AtmaniSThA dRr3ha huI / AcArya uttamacaMda jI - Apa aura Apake gurubhrAtA rAmacaMdra SaTazAstroM ke pAraMgata AcArya bhajjUlAlajI - pallIvAla kulabhUSaNa bhajjUlAlajI aneka bhASAoM ke vidvAna the / bahuzruta vidvAna hone ke kAraNa alavara nareza ne Apako rAjya paNDita kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / 'zAMtiprakAza' graMtha ApakI vidvattA kA pramANa hai / pannAlAlajI - Apa AcArya bhaggUsvAmI ke ziSya the| ApakA samAdhikaraNa saMvat 1952 meM jyeSTha zukla 3 ko huA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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121 zrI rAmalAla jI mahArAja - saMvat 1870 meM ApakA vihAra byAvara meM huaa| mAravAr3a meM ApakA vihAra 9 bAra huaa| 1950 saMvat meM ApakA samAdhimaraNa huaa| muni zrI phakIracaMda jI mahArAja - ApakA janma sUrata meM saMvat 1916 jeTha sudI 15 ko huaa| vivAha hote hue bhI Apa vairAgI the| ApakA jhariyA (baMgAla) meM cArtumAsa san 1936 meM huaa| ApakA samAdhimaraNa saM 1996 jeTha sudI 15 ko huaa| svAmIdAsa jI mahArAja aura unakA sampradAya - Apa jIvarAja mahArAja ke cauthe pATa para AcArya rUpa meM virAje / svAmI phatahalAla jIsvAmI chaganalAla aura svAmI kanhaiyAlAla jI Adi Apake sampradAya meM vidvAna sAdhu the| amarasiMha jI mahArAja - ApakA janma dillI meM saMvat 1719 meM huaa| muni lAlacaMda jI mahArAja ne Apako dIkSA dii| vi.sa. 1761 meM Apane AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| Apa samartha vidvAna aura udAra pravacanakAra the| auraMgajeba kA putra bahAdurazAha aura jodhapura kA dIvAna khIMvasiMha jI bhaNDArI Apake ziSya the| ApakA mAravAr3a meM bahuta prabhAva thaa| ApakA svargavAsa vi.sa. 1812 meM huaa| Apake pazcAt tulasIdAsa jI mahArAja, pUjya sujAnamalajI aura pUjya jItamala jI Adi pratibhAzAlI vidvAna hue| pUjya jItamala jI mahArAja - ApakA janma rAmapurA meM saM 1826 meM huaa| saMvat 1834 meM sujAnamala jI mahArAja ne Apako dIkSA dii| Apa vidvAna aura yuktivAdI vicAraka the| saMvat 1992 meM ApakA svargavAsa huA taba aisA lagA mAno vijJAna kA Aloka asta ho gyaa| ApakI ziSya paramparA meM pU. jJAnamalajI, pUjya pUnamacaMda jI, pU. jeThamala jI aura pUjya pUnamacaMda jI hue| jeThamalajI mahArAja - ApakA janma sAdar3I meM saMvat 1914 ko huaa| ApakI dIkSA saMvat 1931 meM huii| Apa tapasvI, jJAnI aura dhyaaniithe| ApakI pratiSThA siddha muni ke rUpa meM huii| saMvat 1979 meM yaha jJAna kA pradIpa bujha gyaa| muni tArAcaMda jI mahArAja - ApakI janmabhUmi (baMborA) thii| ApakA gRhastha nAma hajArImala thaa| ApakA svargavAsa jayapura meM huaa| pUjyazItaladAsa jI mahArAja kA sampradAya - Apane AgarA zahara meM saM 1763 I meM caitra kRSNA 2 ko bAlacaMda jI mahArAja kI sevA meM dIkSA lii| Apa agravAlavaMzIya maheza jI ke suputra the| ApakA janma vi.sa. 1747 meM huaa| sAhitya zikSaNa meM Apa bejor3a the| ApakA samAdhimaraNa vi.sa. 1836 ko pauSa suda 12 ko huaa| tapasvI veNIcaMda jI- ApakA janma saMvat 1998 ko huaa| Apane pannAlAla jI mahArAja kI sevA meM saMvat 1920 kI asADha, sudI 5 ko dIkSA grahaNa kii| ApakA samAdhimaraNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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122 saMvat 1995 ko pauSa sudI 14 ko huaa| Apa abhaya ke jvalaMta pratimAna the| tapasvI kajor3Imala jI - Ajanma brahmacArI kajor3Imala jI kA janma begUzahara meM se 1939 ko mAgha zuklA 15 ko huaa| muni chogalAla jI- prabhAvazAlI pravacanakAra muni chogalAlajI ne vi.sa. 1958 meM 9 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA lii| Apane jIva hiMsA ke viruddha prabala Andolana claayaa|| nAnakarAmajI mahArAja kA sampradAya - nAnakarAma jI ke paMcama paTTa para nAnakarAmajI virAje / ApakI vidvattA aura AcAraparAyaNatA viziSTa thii| pUjya rAyacaMda jI mahArAja - Apa nAthUrAma jI mahArAja ke prakhyAt ziSya the| Apa samartha yogiithe| Apake ziSya kavirAja naMdalAla jI mahArAja sAdhumArgI samAja ke bahuzruta paNDita the| Apake bAda jIvarAja jI mahArAja kA sampradAya do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| kavirAja naMdalAla jI - kazmIrI brAhmaNa parivAra meM janmeM nandalAlajI ne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| Apane 'rAmAyaNa', 'jJAna prakAza', 'skamaNI rAsa' Adi graMthoM kI racanA kii| Apa hoziyArapura meM saMvat 1907 meM svargavAsI hue| Apake tIna prabhAvazAlI ziSya hue 1. muni kizanacaMdajI, 2. muni rUpacaMda jI 3. muni jaukIrAma jii| muni kizanacaMda jI jyotiSa zAstra ke paNDita the, muni rUpacaMda jI vacanasiMddha tapasvI muni the| kizanacaMda jI kI paramparA meM bihArIlAlajI, mahezacaMda jI, vRSabhAnu jI, muni zAhIlAla jI Adi hue / jaukIlAla jI ke ziSya agravAla vaMzIya cetarAmajI dIkSita hue| cetarAmajI ke ziSya ghAsIlAla jI aura ghAsIlAla jI ke ziSya jIvanarAmajI, govinda rAmajI aura kundanalAla jI mahArAja hue| __ rUpacaMda jI mahArAja - rUpacaMda jI mahArAja kA janma ludhiyAnA meM saMvat 1868 mAgha suda 3 meM huaa|aapkii dIkSA saMvat 1894 ko phAlguna sudI 3 ko huii| muni suzIlakumAra para Apake tyAga aura jJAna kA prabhAva pdd'aa| govindarAma jI - ApakA janma deharAdUna meM saMvat 1998 ko huA aura Apa pratibhAzAlI padyakAra the| caritra aura svAdhyAya Apake AbhUSaNa the| muni kundanalAla jI mahArAja-ApasaMvat 1957 ke kArtika sudI 2 ko bhaTiNDA meM ghAsIlAla mahArAja kI sevA meM dIkSA lii| Apa tapasvI aura vacanasiMddha santapuruSa the| saMvat 2008 meM ahamadanagara meM ApakA samAdhimaraNa huaa| pUjya jIvaNarAma jI - samasta paMjAba meM ApakA varcasva thaa| prasiddha vijayAnandasUri jI ne AtmArAma jI mahArAja ke nAma se Apake hI pAsa dIkSA lI thii| zrI caMdajI mahArAja - jyotiSa ke Apa samartha aura zAstra niSNAta paNDita the| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1 2 amara siMhajI nAnakarAmajI kA sampradAya kA sampradAya (1) amarasiMha jI kA sampradAya 1. jIvarAja jI 2. lAlacaMda jI 3. amarasiMha jI 4. tulasIdAsa jI 5. sujAnamala jI 6. jItamalajI 7. 8. 9. 10. nainamala jI 11. dayAlacaMda jI jIvarAja jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA jJAnamalajI pUnamacaMda jI jyeSThamala jI 6. 7. 8. 9. nArAyaNadAsa jI (2) nAnakarAma jI kA sampradAya 1. jIvarAja jI 2. lAlacaMda jI 3. dIpacaMda 4. mAnakacaMdajI 5. nAnakarAma jI www.kobatirth.org vIramaNi jI lAmaNadAsajI maganamala jI gajamalajI 3 svAmIdAsa kA sampradAya 12. 13. muni tArAcaMdajI (vartamAna puSkara muni jIvanarAmajI lAlacaMda jI ke ziSya ) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 4 zItaladAsajI kA sampradAya (1) nAnakarAma jI (2) nihAlacaMda jI (3) sukhalAla jI (4) harakacaMdajI (5) dayAlacaMdajI (6) lakSmIcaMda jI For Private and Personal Use Only 5 nAthUrAmajI kA sampradAya 123

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124 10. dhUlacaMdajI 11. pannAlAla jI 12. choTelAla jI (3) svAmIdAsa kA sampradAya 1. jIvarAja jI 2. lAlacaMda jI 3. dIpacaMda jI 4. svAmIdAsa jI 5. ugrasena jI 6. muni ghAsIrAma jI 7. kanIrAma jI 8. RSirAma jI 9. raMgalAla jI 10. phatahalAla jI (vartamAna meM kanhaiyAlAlajI 1971 meM) (4) zItaladAsa jI kA sampradAya 1. jIvarAja jI 2. dhanA jI 3. lAlacaMda jI 4. zItaladAsa jI 5. devIcaMda jI 6. hIrAcaMda jI 7. lakSmIcaMda jI 8. bhairUdAsa jI 9. udayacaMdajI 10. pannAlAla jI 11. nemIcaMda jI 12. veNIcaMda jI 13. paratApacaMda jI 14. kajor3Imala jI (1971, mohana muni vidyamAna) (5) nAthUrAmajI kA sampradAya 1. jIvarAja jI 2. lAlacaMda jI 3. manajI RSi 4. nAthUrAmajI For Private and Personal Use Only

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125 5. lakSmIcaMda jI 6. chItaramala jI 7. rAmalAla jI 8. phatahalAlajI 9. phUlacaMda jI (1971 vartamAna) (2) dharmasiMha jI mahArAja kI paramparA dharmasiMha jI mahArAja kA sampradAya vRkSa nimnAnusAra hai dharmasiMha jI mahArAja soya jI meghajI dvArakAdAsa jI morArajI nAthajI jayacaMda jI morArajI Arya sundara jI nAthA RSi jIvaNaRSi prAbhajI RSi zaMkara jI nAnacaMda jI bhagavAna jI khuzAla jI prAgajI RSi - dharmasiMha jI ke 12veM pATa para prAgajI RSi virAjamAna hue| Apa vIramagAMva ke bhAvasAra raNachor3adAsa ke putra the| ApakI dIkSAsaM 1830 meM huii| Apake 15 ziSya the| thomaNajI mahArAja - thomaNajI kaccha ke pradhAna kAryakartA the| somacaMda jI mahArAja kA upadeza sunakara Apane paMca mahAvrata svIkAra kiyaa| vi.sa. 1846 meM kRSNa jI ne Apake pAsa dIkSA lii| pUjya kRSNa jI ke dazaveM paTa para dharmasiMha jI mahArAja AcArya hue| karmasiMha jI mahArAja - ApakA janma bAMkI (kaccha) meM seTha hemarAja jI ke yahA~ vi.saM 1886 meM huaa| ApakI dIkSA pUjya pAnacaMda jI ke pAsa huI aura Apa saMvat 1959 meM AcArya bane / ApakA svargavAsa vi.saM. 1969 ko huaa| Apake bAda kramaza: brajalAla jI, pUjya kAnajI svAmI aura pUjya nAgacaMda jI AcArya hue| For Private and Personal Use Only

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126 nAgacaMda jI mahArAja - kaccha ke bhojAya gAMva meM ApakA janma zAhalAla jI jevata ke yahA~ huaa| Apa saMvat 1947 meM 3 varSa kI Ayu meM pUjya karmasiMha jI mahArAja se dIkSita hue| Apa saMvat 1958 meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue| Apane gujarAtI meM aneka rAsa rce| devacaMda jI mahArAja - ApakA janma 1940 meM haA aura dIkSA saMvat 1957 meM huI / Apa nyAya sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa ke prakANDa paNDita the / Apane 'sthAnAMga sUtra' kA bhASAMtara kiyaa| ApakA saMvat 2000 meM porabaMdara meM svargavAsa huaa| pUjyaratnacaMda jI mahArAja - Apane pUjya nAgacaMda jI ke pAsa saMvat 1975 meM dIkSA lii| Apane saMskRta meM tIna carita graMthoM kI racanA kii| jayamalajI mahArAja - Apa lAniyA nivAsI mohanadAsajI samadar3iyA mUthA ke suputra the / mer3atA meM Apane bhUdhara jI kA pravacana sunA vairAgya huA aura dIkSita ho gye| saMvat 1887 mArgazIrSa 2 ko Apane paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| ApakA samAdhikaraNasaMvat 1853 kI vaisAkha sudI 14 ko huaa| Apake sampradAya meM jorAvaramala jI mahArAja dIkSita hue, jinakA svargavAsa saMvat 1986 meM huaa| jorAvaramala jI vidvAna aura kurItiyoM ke niSedhaka the| dharmasiMha jI mahArAja kI dariyApurI samudAya paramparA prastuta hai - 1. dharmasiMha jI mahArAja 2. somajI meghajI dvArikAdAsa jI gorAsI nAthAjI RSi jayacaMda jIRSi 8. morArajI RSi 9. nAthAjI Rzi 10. prAgajI RSi 11. zaMkarajI RSi 12. khuzAlajI mahArAja 13. harakhacaMda jI mahArAja 14. morArajI mahArAja 15. jhaveracaMda jI mahArAja 16. pUMjA jI mahArAja 17. nAnA bhagavAna jI 18. malUkacaMda jI mahArAja 19. hIrAcaMda jI mahArAja 20. raghunAtha jI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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127 21. hAdhojI mahArAja 22. uttamacaMda jI mahArAja 23. IzvaralAla mahArAja 24. cunnIlAla jI mahArAja (3) lavajI mahArAja kA sampradAya kAnhajI RSi - lavajI RSi kI paramparA kAnha jI RSi ke sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha huii| isa sampradAya ke santa dakSiNa, barATa, khAnadeza aura karnATaka meM vicarate haiN| Apake ziSyoM meM maMgalajI RSi gujarAta meM khambhAta meM pdhaare| tiloka RSi jI - ApakA janma vi.saM 1904 meM seTha dulIcaMda jI surANA kI sahadharmiNI nAnUbAI kI kukSi se ratalAma huaa| Apane dakSiNa meM jaina dharma kA pracAra prasAra kiyaa| Apa 70 hajAra zlokoM kI racanA kii| Ava 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' kA sampUrNa svAdhyAya dhyAna meM kara lete the| ahamadanagara meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ratnaRSi jI mahArAja - mAravAr3a meM botA meM janmeM ratnaRSi jI ne triloka mahArAja kI sevA meM 12 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita hue| alIpura (baMgAla) meM 1884 ke jyeSTha kRSNa 8 ko ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ___ amiRSijI mahArAja - daloTa (mAlavA) meM saMvat 1930 meM ApakA janma huaa| 13 AgamagraMtha Apako maukhika yaadthe| saMvat 1988 meM zujAlapura meM vaisAkha zuklA 14 ko ApakA svargavAsa huaa| __amolaka RSijI mahArAja- vi.saM. 1944 meM Apa dIkSita hue| Apane karnATaka meM dharmapracAra kiyaa| sthAnakavAsI samAja meM AgamoM kA hindI meM anuvAda kArya sarvaprathama Apane hI kiyaa| saMvat 1982 meM Apa AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue| saMvat 1993 bhAdrapada kRSNa 14 ko dhuliyA meM Apa svarga sidhaare| devaRSi jI mahArAja - kaccha ke pukar3I ke nivAsI seTha jeThAnI siMghavI ke yahA~ saMvat 1929 kI dIpAvalI ko zvetAmbara jaina kuTumba meM ApakA janma huaa| saMvat 1993 meM mAghakRSNa 6 ko Apako AcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| ApakA svargavAsa saMvat 1999 mArgazIrSa 9 ko nAgapura meM huaa| tArAcaMda jI mahArAja - Apa lavajI RSi ke caturthapada para AcArya hue| Apa pratibhAzAlI pravacanakAra the| chaganalAla jI mahArAja - nirbhaya vaktA aura zubhra hRdaya ke saMta puruSa chaganalAla jI mahArAja kI dIkSA vi.saM 1945 meM huii| amarasiMha jI mahArAja - lavajI RSi ke dazaveM paTTa para Apa AcArya rUpa meM viraaje| amRtasara meM janmeM amarasiMha jI mahArAja kI dIkSA saMvat 1898 ko vaisAkha kRSNa dvitIya ko huii| Apa tAter3a gotrIya osavAla the| ApakA svargavAsa amRtasara meM vi.sa. 1913 meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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128 huaa| Apake ziSyoM meM pramukha ziSya the- loDhA gotrIya rAmavakSa jI alavara nivAsI the| mAlerakoTalA meM Apa AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue| inake cAra mukhya parivAra nikale - 1. kAzIrAma jI mahArAja 2. motIrAma jI mahArAja - Apa saMvat 1939 meM AcArya bne| 3. mayArAma jI mahArAja- ApakA prabhAva mAravAr3a se ambAlA taka thaa| 4. lAlacaMda jI mahArAja- sarvAdhika prabhAva pazcimI paMjAba meM thaa| rAmasvarUpa jI mahArAja - lAlajI mahArAja ke ziSya lakSmIcaMda jI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM cale gaye, kintu ina lakSmIcaMdajI ke ziSya rAmasvarUpa jI sthAnakavAsI samAja meM hI rahe / inake ziSya amaramuni samAja vibhUti the| ve ahiMsA ke pracAraka, zAMti ke prakAzaka, AtmA ke ujAraka aura hRdaya ke dhanI mahAtmA the| sohanalAla jImahArAja - amarasiMha jI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM Apane saMvat 1933 meM dIkSA lii| ApakI saMgaThana zakti asAdhAraNa thii| ApakI preraNA se kAzI meM uccastarIya jaina zikSaNa ke liye pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama kI sthApanA huii| Apako paMjAba kezarI kahA jAtA hai| udayacaMda jI mahArAja - brAhmaNakula meM utpanna hue aura phira jainAgamoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyaa| ajamera sammelana meM Apa zAMtirakSaka the| kAzIrAmajI mahArAja - ApakA janma pasarUra (syAlakoTa) meM huaa| ApakA janma saMvat 1960 meM huaa| ApakI AvAja bulaMda thii| (3) lavajI RSi mahArAja kA sampradAya /3 4 tArARSi rAmaratanajI amara siMhajI kA sampradAya kAnajI RSi kA sampradAya kA sampradAya kA sampradAya (1) amarasiMha jI kA sampradAya 1. lavajI RSi somajI RSi haridAsa jI vRndAvana jI svAmI 5. bhagavAnadAsa jI malUkacaMda jI 7. mahAsiMhajI 8. kuzalacaMdajI 9. chajamala jI 10. rAmalAlajI For Private and Personal Use Only

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129 11. amarasiMha jI 12. rAmabaksa jI 13. motIrAma jI 14. sohana lAla jI 15. kAzIrAma jI 16. AtmArAma jI (2) kAnajI RSi kA sampradAya 1. lavajI 2. somajI 3. kAnajI 4. tArAcaMda jI kAlARSi jI 6. baksu RSi jI 7. dhannA (pRthvI) RSi jI 8. tiloka RSi jI 9. zrI daulata, abhiRSi jI Adi 10. zrI amolaka jI 11. devajI RSi 12. Ananda RSi jI (vartamAna meM zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya, 1971) (3) tArA RSi kA sampradAya 1. lavajI 2. somajI 3. kAnajI tArA RSi jI maMgalaRSi jI 6. raNachor3ajI 7. nAthAjI 8. becaradAsa jI 9. bar3e mANakacaMdajI 10. harakhacaMda jI 11. mANajI 12. giradhara jI 13. chaganalAla jI (4) rAmaratana jI kA sampradAya inakI paramparA prApta nahIM hai For Private and Personal Use Only

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130 (4) harajI RSi kA sampradAya hukmIcaMdajI mahArAja aura unakAsampradAya - paMcama muni harajI RSikI sampradAya paramparA meM koTA sampradAya meM 26 paMDita ratna aura eka sAdhvI kula 27 the| inameM pUjya hukmIcaMda jI eka AcAraniSTha vidvAna the / ApakA janma DhUMDhAr3a (jayapura rAjya) ke ToDA nAmaka grAma meM huaa| saMvat 1877 meM Apa lAlacaMda jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| ApakA svargavAsa jAvara (madhyabhArata) meM saMvat 1918 meM huaa| zivalAla jI mahArAja - hukmIcaMdajI ke pazcAt zivalAla jI mahArAja AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue / saMvat 1934 meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ghANiyA (mAlavA) ApakI janmabhUmi thii| harajI RSi kI do zAkhAeM prasiddha haiN| 1. koTA sampradAya kI AcArya paramparA - do 2. hukmIcaMda jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA (a) koTA samudAya kI AcArya paramparA 1. pUjya harajI RSi 2. godAjI RSi 3. parasarAma jI mahArAja 4. lokamala jI mahArAja 5. mAyArAma jI mahArAja 6. daulatarAma jI mahArAja 7. govindarAma jI mahArAja 8. phatahacaMda jI mahArAja 9. jJAnacaMda jI mahArAja 10. chaganalAla jI mahArAja 11. roDamala jI mahArAja 12. premarAja jI 13. gaNezamalajI (A) koTA samudAya kI AcArya paramparA 1. haradAsa jI mahArAja 2. godAjI 3. parasarAmajI 4.khemasI jI 5. khetasI jI 6. phatahacaMda jI For Private and Personal Use Only

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131 7. anopamacaMda jI 8. devajI 9. campAlAla jI 10. cunnIlAla jI 11. kizanalAla jI 12. baladeva jI 13. harakacaMda jI hukmIcaMda jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA- do (a) 1. harajI RSi 2. godAjI 3. parasarAma jI 4. lokamala jI 5. mAyArAma jI 6. daulatarAma jI 7. lAlacaMda jI 8. hukmIcaMda jI 9. zivalAla jI 10. udayasAgara jI 11. cauthamala jI 12. zrIlAla jI . 13. javAharalAla jI 14. gaNeza lAla jI (zramaNa saMgha ke upAcArya the, aba unake paTTa para nAnAlAla jI vidyamAna haiM, 1971) (ba) 1. lAlajI mahArAja 2. mannAlAla jI 3. khUbacaMda jI 4. chaganalAla jI (kistUracaMdajI vidyamAna hai, 1971) (5) dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke sampradAya ___ dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kA ziSya samudAya vizAla thaa| Apake ninyAnave ziSyoM ke nAma bhI kahIM kahIM milate haiN| marUdhara paTTAvalI' meM pUjya zrI ke sAtha dIkSita hone vAle ikkIsa ziSyoM ke nAma diye haiM, inameM se kaI nAma aise haiM- usa samaya zAyada janma bhI huA hogA yA nahIM, isameM bhI saMdeha hai| pUjya zrI kA parivAra bAIsa bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hokara vicaraNa karatA thaa| ye bAIsa 1. sUryamuniH zrImad dharmadAsa jI mahArAja aura unakI mAlava ziSya paramparAeM, pR83 For Private and Personal Use Only

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132 saMghAr3e yA bAIsa sampradAya yA bAIsa TolA ke nAma se prasiddha hue| AcArya hastImala jI ma.sA. ne bAIsa samudAya ke nAyaka muni nimnAnusAra mAne haiN| 1. pUjya zrI mUlacaMda jI mahArAja 2. pUjya zrI dhanA jI mahArAja 3. pUjya zrI lAlacaMda jI mahArAja 4. pUjya zrI mannAjI mahArAja 5. pUjya zrI moTA pRthvIcaMda jI mahArAja 6. pUjya zrI choTA pRthvIcaMda jI mahArAja 7. pUjya zrI bAlacaMda jI mahArAja 8. pUjya zrI tArAcaMda jI mahArAja 9. pUjya zrI premacaMda jI mahArAja 10. pUjya zrI revatasI jI mahArAja 11. pUjya zrI padArtha jI mahArAja 12. pUjya zrI lokamala jI mahArAja 13. pUjya zrI bhavAnIdAsa jI mahArAja 14. pUjya zrI malUkacaMda jI mahArAja 15. pUjya zrI puruSottamajI mahArAja 16. pUjya zrI mukuTarAma jI mahArAja 17. pUjya zrI manoharadAsa jI mahArAja 18. pUjya zrI rAmacaMdra jI mahArAja 19. pUjya zrI gurusadA sAhibajI mahArAja 20. pUjya zrI bAghajI mahArAja 21. pUjya zrI rAmaratana jI mahArAja 22. pUjya zrI mUlacaMda jI mahArAja AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. ne svIkAra kiyA ki hastalikhita paTTAvalI meM 4 nAmoM kA ullekha kucha bhinna taraha se milatA hai| usameM pahale zrI dharmadAsa jI mahArAja aura ikkIsaveM samaratha jI kA ullekha hai| rAmaratana jI kA nAma nahIM milatA, mUlacaMda jI kA nAma do bAra bhrAMti se likhA mAlUma hotA hai| ina 4 nAmoM meM 1,2,6,17 aura 18 ke samudAya Aja bhI vartamAna hai|' dharmadAsajI malarAja ke ziSya zrI mUlacaMda jI mahArAja ke 7 ziSyoM meM se 6 zAkhAeM abhI bhI vidyamAna hai 1. lImaDI 2. goMDala 3. bakhAlA 4. voTAda 5. sAyalA 6. kaccha 1. AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja. AcArya caritAvalI, pR. 147-148 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lImar3I 1 lImar3I goMDala 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. dvitIya sampradAya 1. 2. 3. bakhAlA dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke 22 ziSyoM meM mUlacaMdajI mahArAja 7 ziSyoM meM se 6 samudAya vidyamAna hai| inakI paramparAeM dI jA rahI hai| dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 12 3 goMDala bakhAlA dharmadAsa jI mUlacaMda jI paMcANa jI icchA jI hIrA jI kAnajI ajarAmarajI devarAja jI gulAbacaMda jI ajarAma jI devarAja jI avicatAdAsa jI himacaMda jI gopAla jI www.kobatirth.org mohanalAla jI maNilAla jI (vidyamAna 1947) (ka) 1. 2. 3. 4. DUMgarI jI (kha) koI sAdhu vidyamAna nahIM mUlacaMda jI paMcANa jI ratana jI dharmadAsa jI 4 boTAda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 5 sAyalA For Private and Personal Use Only 6 kaccha 133

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134 2. mUlacaMda jI 3. banAjI 4. puruSottamajI banArasI jI kAnajI 7. rAmarakhA jI 8. cunnIlAla jI 9. ummeda caMda jI 10. mohanalAla jI (vidyamAna san 1971) bArToda 1. dharmadAsa jI 2. mUlacaMda jI 3. viThThala jI harakhajI bhUSaNajI 6. rUpacaMdajI basarAma jI jarasA jI amarasiMha jI sAyalA 1. dharmadAsa jI mUlacaMda jI gulAbacaMda jI bAlajI nAgajI mUlacaMdajI 7. devadhara jI megharAja jI saMghajI 10. harajIvana jI 11. maganalAla jI 12. kAna jI 14. karmacaMda jI inliitilinin itinliivit 8. For Private and Personal Use Only

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135 kaccha (ka) ATha koThI moTI pakSa 1. dharmadAsajI 2. mUlacaMda jI 3. indracaMda jI sonacaMdajI. bhagavatI jI dhImaNa jI 7. karasaNajI 8. devakaraNa jI 9. jahayA jI 10. deva jI 11. raMga jI 12. kezava jI 13. karamacaMda jI 14. devarAja jI 15. mauNa jI 16. kamamasI jI 17. prajapAla jI 18. kAnamala jI (kha) ATha koTi nAnIpakSa 1. karasana jI 2. DAhyAjI 3. jasarAja jI 4. bastA jI 5. haMsarAja jI 6. brajapAla jI 7. DUMgarazI jI 8. sAma jI dhannA jI mahArAja kA parivAra dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke parivAra meM dhannA jI mahArAja hue| Apane saMvat 1727 meM dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSA lii| ApakA janma sAMcora meM mUthA bAghAzAha ke yahA~ huaa| Apake bar3e ziSya bhUdhara jI mahArAja hue, inakI ziSya paramparAeM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| bhUdhara jI kA janma mAravAr3a ke grAma sojata meM huaa|aapne saMvat 1773 meM dhannA jI ke pAsa dIkSA lI aura 1804 meM svargavAsI hue| For Private and Personal Use Only

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136 bhUdhara jI mahArAja kI paramparAeM zrI raghunAtha jI mahArAja kI samudAya paramparA 1. zrI dhannA jI 2. zrI bhUdharajI 3. zrI raghunAtha jI 4. zrI ToDaramala jI 5. zrI dIpacaMda jI 6. zrI bhairodAsa jI 7. zrI jaitasI jI 8. zrI phaijamala jI 9. zrI saMtoSacaMda jI 10. zrI motIlAla jI 11. zrI rUpacaMda jI upazAkhAeM dhannA jI ke cauthe pATa para ToDaramalajI ke ziSya indramala jI ke bAda dUsare pATa se do zAkhAeM nikalI, jinameM mahAn tapasvI zrIbhAnamala jI aura budhamalajI hue| budhamala jI mahArAja ke ziSya marudhara kezarI mizrIlAla jI sA. vidyamAna haiN|' bhairoMdAsa jI se cauthamala jI alaga hue aura cauthamala jI kI zAkhAalaga kahI jAne lgii| jaitasI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA dhannAjI ke sAtaveM pATa para zrI jaitasI jI mahArAja kI paramparA meM zrI ummedamala jI, zrI sultAnamalajI, zrI caturbhuja jI hue| Age sAdhu paramparA nahIM rhii| jayamala jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA 1. zrI jayamala jI 2. zrI rAyacaMda jI 3. zrI AsakaraNajI 4. zrI sabaladAsa jI 5. zrI hIrAcaMda jI 6. zrI kastUracaMda jI 7. zrI bhIkama jI 8. zrI kAnamala jI 1. AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja, AcArya caritAvalI, 147-148 For Private and Personal Use Only

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137 vi.saM. 2009 ke sAdar3I sammelana meM isa paramparA ke jasavaMtamalajI ne apane samudAya ko zramaNasaMgha meM vilIna kara diyaa| pUjya zrI kuzala jI mahArAja aura zrI ratnacaMdajI 1. zrI kuzala jI mahArAja 2. zrI gumAnacaMda jI mahArAja 3. zrI durgAdAsa jI mahArAja 4. zrI ratnacaMdajI mahArAja 5. zrI hamIramala jI mahArAja 6. zrI kajor3Imala jI mahArAja 7. zrI vinayacaMda jI mahArAja 8. zrI zobhAcaMdajI mahArAja 9. zrI hastImala jI mahArAja 10. zrI hIrAcaMda jI mahArAja pUjya zrI cauthamalajI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA 1. zrI raghunAtha jI mahArAja 2. zrI ToDaramalajI 3. zrI dIpacaMda jI 4. zrI bhairUMdAsa jI 5. zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja choTA pRthvIrAja jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA 1. zrI dharmadAsa jI 2. zrI choTA pRthvIrAja jI 3. zrI durgAdAsa jI 4. zrI haridAsa jI 5. zrI gaMgArAma jI 6. zrI rAmacaMda jI 7. zrI nArAyaNadAsa jI 8. zrI pUrAmala jI 9. zrI ror3amalajI 10. zrI narasiMha dAsa jI 11. zrI ekaligadAsa jI 12. zrI motIlAla jI For Private and Personal Use Only

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138 manoharadAsa jI mahArAja kA samudAya paramparA 1. zrI dharmadAsa jI 2. manoharalAla jI 3. bhAgacaMda jI 4. sItArAma jI 5. rAmadayAla jI 6. lUNakaraNa jI 7. zrI rAmasukhadAsa jI 8. zrI khayAlIrAma jI 9. zrI maMgala sena jI 10. zrI motIrAma jI 11. pRthvIcaMdajI (upAdhyAya amaramuni vidyamAna hai, san 1971) zrI rAmacaMda jI mahArAja kA samudAya 1. zrI dharmadAsa jI 2. zrI rAmacaMdra jI 3. zrI mANakacaMda jI 4. zrI jasarAja jI 5. zrI pRthvIcaMda jI 6. zrI amaracaMda jI 7. zrI kezavajI 8. zrI mokhamAsiMha jI 9. zrI nandalAla jI 10. zrI mAdhava muni jI 11. zrI campAlAla jI 12. zrI tArAcaMda jI 13. zrI kizanalAla jI (madhura vyAkhyAnI sobhAgamala jI mahArAja vidyamAna hai, 1971) san 1971) chaThA samudAya dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isake do vibhAga hue (1) rAmaratana jI mahArAja kA samudAya (2) jJAnacaMda jI mahArAja kA samudAya (samarathamala jI mahArAja Aja bhI vidyamAna hai, san 1971) For Private and Personal Use Only

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139 dharmasiMha jI mahArAja ke vividha sampradAyoM ke aneka AcAryoM aura sAdhuoM ke upalabdha paricaya diye jA rahe haiM / boTAda sampradAya jasarAja jI mahArAja - Apa dharmadAsajI mahArAja ke paMcama paTTadhara AcArya hue| Apane vikrama saMvat 1867 I meM dazarathamalajI mahArAja sA. ke pAsa dIkSA lii| Apa boTAda meM sthiravAsa ke liye Ae, taba se isa sampradAya kA nAma boTAda sampradAya pdd'aa| ApakA svargavAsa 1929 meM huA / amarazIjI mahArAja - ApakA janma kSatriya vaMza meM vi.saM 1886 meM huaa| Apa saM 1909 meM pUjya jasarAja jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hIrAcaMda jI mahArAja ApakA janma vikrama saMvat 1928 meM kher3A (mAravAr3a) meM huaa| Apa 1928 meM raNachor3adAsa jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| mUlacaMda jI svAmI - vi.saM 1920 meM nAgabheda gAMva meM ApakA janma huA aura vi.saM 1948 meM Apa hIrAcaMda jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue / mANakacaMda jI mahArAja Apa boTAda ke pAsa turakhA gAMva meM vi.sa. 1938 meM aura vi.sa. 1903 meM amarazIjI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| - - zivalAla jI mahArAja Apa bhAvasAra jAti kula meM utpanna hue aura vi.saM 1974 meM mANakacaMda jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| ApakI pravacana zailI sarasa aura subodha thI / dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kA sampradAya AcArya bhIkhaNa jI- marubhUmi meM kaMTAliyA grAma meM vi.saM 1787 meM ApakA janma huaa| Apa raghunAthajI mahArAja ke ziSya the / AcArya bhIkhaNa jI pUjya raghunAtha jI mahArAja se sahamata nahIM the, isaliye Apane terApaMtha nAma se alaga saMgha bagar3I meM sthApita kiyA / / cauthamala jI mahArAja kA sampradAya raghunAtha jI mahArAja kI ziSya paramparA se pUjya dharmadAsajI mahArAja ke AThaveM paTTa para Apa virAje / Apa pUjya bhairUmala jI mahArAja ke ziSya the / Apake sampradAya meM zArdUlasiMha jI mahArAja vi.saM. 1937 meM janme / pUjya ratnacaMda jI mahArAja kA sampradAya pUjya dhannA jI ke ziSya pUjya bhUdharajI ke ziSya AcArya kuzala jI hue| kuzalajI ke ziSya gumAnacaMda jI prabhAvazAlI hue| inake ziSyoM meM ratnacaMda jI mahArAja se isa sampradAya kA prArambha huA / ratnacaMda jI mahArAja kA janma rAjasthAna meM kur3agAMva meM huaa| nAgaura ke zrImaMta seTha ne For Private and Personal Use Only

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140 Apako goda liyA / vi.saM 1948 meM gumAnacaMda jI mahArAja ke pAsa Apa dIkSita hue| Apane AgamoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyaa| Apane hajAroM jainettaroM ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dii| 1 saM 1902 meM Apa svarga prayANa kara gaye / AcArya hamIramata jI - osavaMzIya gAMdhI gotrIya zreSThi nagarAja jI ke yahAM nAgaura meM janme / saM. 1863 meM AcArya ratnacaMda jI ko bhagavatI dIkSA dii| ve apane yuga ke Adarza saMta mAne jAte the| saMvat 1902 meM Apa AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue| 61 varSa kI Ayu meM ApakA samAdhimaraNa huA / AcArya kajoDImala jI AcArya ratancaMda jI kI paramparA ke tRtIya paTTadhara the / ApakA janma kizanagar3ha ke osavaMzIya zreSThi zakunalAla ke ghara huaa| dIkSA ke samaya virAdhe ke kAraNa se 1887 meM nyAyAdhIza kI anumati se bhagavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa saMvat 1910 meM AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue| Apake zAsanakAla meM 13 muni dIkSAeM aura 49 cAturmAsa hue / AcArya vinayacaMda jI kA phalaudI ke osavaMzIya pUMgaliyA gotrIya zreSThi pratApamala ke yahA~ saMvat 1897 meM janma huaa| saMvat 1912 meM Apane kajor3Imala jI bhagavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa savaMt 1937 meM AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue| ApakI Agama maryaddatA evaM samraNa zakti vilakSaNa kii| ApakA svargavAsa saMvat 1772 ko huaa| T zobhAcaMda jI mahArAja - pUjya ratnacaMda jI mahArAja ke cauthe paTTa para Apa AcArya rUpa meM virAje / ApakA janma vi.saM 1914 meM jodhapura meM huaa| 13 varSa kI avasthA meM kajor3Imala jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM Apa dIkSita hue| saM 1972 meM caturvidha zrIsaMgha ne Apako AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| Apa saMvat 1983 meM samAdhimaraNa ko prApta hue / AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. sA. - zrI ratnacaMda jI mahArAja kI AcArya paramparA zrI kuzala jI mahArAja se prArambha huI thI, kintu sampradAya kA nAmakaraNa ratnacaMdra jI mahArAja ke nAma para ratnavaMza pdd'aa| isa vaMza meM naveM pATa para zobhAcaMda jI mahArAja ke ziSya hastImalajI ma.sA. vi.saM 1967 pauSa zukla caturdazI ko pIpAr3a siTI meM osavaMzIya kevalacaMda jI boharA ke yahA~ zrImatI rUpakuMvara kI kukSi se janme / vi.saM 1977 mAgha zuklA dvitIya ke ajamera meM AcArya zrI zobhAcaMda jI mahArAja ne dIkSA dI aura vi. sa. 1987 ko AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue / Apane deza ke vividha kSetroM- rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, dillI, hariyANA, uttarapradeza, gujarAta, mahArASTra, karnATaka, AMdhrapradeza aura karnATaka meM jainamata kI alakha jagAI / Apane 31 saMta aura 54 sAdhuoM ko dIkSita kiyaa| ApakA samAdhimaraNa vi.sa. 2048 ko prathama vaisAkha zuklA aSTamI ko huA / AcArya hastImalajI mahArAja ne nandIsUtra, vRhatakalpasUtra, antaH kRdRdazAsUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra kI TIkAeM likhii| ApakI 'tartvAthasUtra' para likhI TIkA For Private and Personal Use Only

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141 aprakAzita hai| Apane 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa' (cArakhaNDa) likhakara jaina itihAsa ke lekhana meM kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| isake atirikta 'aitihAsika kAla ke tIna tIrthaMkara' aura 'jaina AcArya caritAvalI' jaina itihAsa ko amUlyasAmagrI pradAna karatI hai / isake atirikta Apake pravacana, pada, bhajana, kathA-kahAniyAM Adi bhI prakAzita hue haiN| aneka dhArmika aura zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke Apa prerakasUtra rhe| AcArya hastImala jI ke uttarAdhikArI AcArya hIrAcaMda jI ma.sA. ne AcArya hastImalajI ko jaina jagata kI Alokamaya bhAskara khaa|' upAdhyAya mAnacaMda jI ne mahAkalpa vRkSa; zrI jJAnamuni ne inake jIvana ko jAjjvalyamAna maanaa|' DA. sampatasiMha bhANDAvata ne saMyama sAdhana, zuddha sAtvika sAdhu maryAdA, viziSTa jJAna aura dhyAna ke zrRMga, ratnaRya-samyagdarzana, samyajJAna aura samyacAritrya- ArAdhanA meM lIna samAdhistha yogI aura AdhyAtmikatA ke gaurava zikhara khaa| pro. kalyANamala loDhA meM AcArya zrI ko zramaNa saMskRti kA ujjvala pratIka khaa| pro. loDhA ke anusAra unakA jIvana jina satsaMkalpoM aura AdarzoM se paripUrNa rahA, jisameM komalatA, karuNA kA ajamra pravAha bahatA rahA- sAdhanA ke uccatama sopAna Ate rahe-guNoM aura lezyAoM kA teja svata: khulatA rahA aura loka jIvana kI naitika maryAdAoM se hameM nistAraNa karane kI anavarata samIkSA rahI- vahI to saccA guru aura AcArya thaa|' kisI ne prajJApuruSa kahA, kisI ne phakkar3a saMta', kisI ne dhairya aura bhavyatA kI mUrti , kisI ne yugAntakArI virala vibhUti', kisI ne sarasvatI putra, kisI ne jJAna kA zikhara aura sAdhanA kA zrRMga", kisI ne jainamata kA daidIpyamAna nakSatra, kisI ne itihAsa manISI aura kisI ne zramaNasaMskRti kA gaurava khaa| vastuta: AcArya pravara kA sampUrNa jIvana mAnava saMskRti aura samAja kI mUlyAtmaka cetanA ko, usakI naitika arthavattA ko, svastha mAnasikatA ko jAgRta karane ke liye samarpita thaa| 1. jinavANI, AcArya zrI hastImala ma.sA. zraddhAMjali vizeSAMka, pR17 vahI, pR19 3. vahI, pR4 4. jinavANI, AcArya hastImalajI ma.sA. vyaktitva evaM kRtitva vizeSAMka, pR16 5. vahI, pR29-30 6. jinavANI, zraddhAMjali vizeSAMka, apanI bAta, 7. vahI, pR30 8. vahI, pR66 9. vahI, pR67 10. vahI, pR 131 11. vahI, pR135 12. vahI, pR149 13. vahI, pR164 14. pro. kalyANamala loDhA, jinavANI, zraddhAMjali vizeSAMka, maI, jUna, julAI 91, pR46 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 142 prastuta hai / vastuta: AdhyAtmikatA ke gaurava zikhara AcArya hastImala jI mahArAja ne bIsavIM zatAbdI meM zramaNa saMskRti ke itihAsa meM nayA adhyAya jodd'aa| naye sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke kAraNa Apake osavaMzIya zrAvakoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA ki osavaMza zramaNa saMskRti kI sAMskRtika prayogazAlA hai aura osavaMza kevala jainamata kA pratirUpa hI nahIM, kintu zreyaskara ahiMsAmUlaka sAMskRtika mUlyoM kA AdarzAtmaka aura pratIkAtmaka rUpa hai| dharmadAsa jI mahArAja ke sampradAya ke katipaya AcAryoM / muniyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya www.kobatirth.org - motIrAmajI mahArAja - saM. 1925 meM jayapura rAjya ke sidhora grAma meM ApakA janma huaa| saMvat 1941 meM Apa maMgalasena jI mahArAja kI sevA meM dIkSita hue aura saMvat 1988 meM AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| Apako AgamoM kA gambhIra jJAna thA aura jyotiSa zAstra ke jJAtA the| saMvat 1992 meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| rAmacaMdrajI mahArAja pUjya dharmadAsa jI ke dUsare paTTa para Apa AcArya rUpa meM viraaje| Apa dhArA nagarI ke gosvAmI guru aura veda vedAMgoM ke paNDita the| Apa sanAtanI se jaina sAdhu hue aura pratibhAzAlI buddhi vaibhava se sammAnIya AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue / virAja mAdhava muni-pravacana kalA meM niSNAta mAdhava muni prabhAvazAlI AcArya - hue haiN| tArAcaMda jI mahArAja Apa vi.sa. 1946 meM dIkSita hue| AMdhrapradeza aura karnATaka meM Apane jainamata kA pracAra kiyA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir limbar3I kA bar3A sampradAya pU ajarAmarajI kI paramparA - dharmadAsa jI ke 4 ziSyoM meM 21 to paMjAba - rAjasthAna meM phaile aura eka saurASTra meN| saurASTra ke muni kA nAma mUlacaMda jI mahArAja thaa| Apake sAta ziSyoM meM vizAla saMgha ke saMsthApaka the - ajarAmara jI / jAmanagara ke pAsa par3AvA gAMva meM vi. saM. 1801 meM ApakA janma huA / vi.saM 1845 meM Apa AcArya pada para AsIna hue / isake pATa para kaI AcArya hue saM 1562 meM nAnaka jI ke pATe rUpa jI 1587 jIvarAja jI ke pATe bar3avIra jI 1605 jasavaMta jI 1616 rUpajI svAmI 1656 dhanarAja jI svAmI 1678 cintAmaNi svAmI 1693 khemakaraNajI svAmI For Private and Personal Use Only

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143 lAghAjI svAmI- kaccha guMdAle grAma meM janme, saM 1903 meM bIkAnera meM dIkSita hue aura saMvat 1963 meM AcArya pada para viraaje| prasiddha jyotiSa zAstrajJa choTelAlajIApake ziSya rhe| devacaMdajI svAmI - saM 1902 meM Apa kaccha ke samANiyA gAMva meM janmeM, daMgajI svAmI se 3 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita hue aura saMvat 1977 meM svargavAsI hue| gulAbacaMda jI mahArAja - saM 1921 meM mArolA grAma meM janma saM 1988 meM AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| saMskRta aura prAkRta ke Apa prakANDa paNDita the| nAgajI svAmI - nAgajI svAmI vidvattA, gAmbhIrya aura AcAra vicAra ke pratimAna the| limbar3I meM Apa dIkSita hue aura vahIM svargavAsI bhii| ratnacaMdajI mahArAja - saMvat 1936 meM mArolA kaccha meM janmeM, gulAbacanda mahArAja ke caraNoM meM adhyayana kiyA, ardhamAgadhI koza' banAkara AgamoM ke adhyayana kA mArga sarala aura sugama banAyA, 'jaina siddhAnta komudI' ke nAma se prAkRta vyAkaraNa taiyAra kiyA aura jayapura meM Apako bhArataratna' kI upAdhi dI gii| liMbar3I choTe sampradAya kI paramparA hImacaMda jI mahArAja - Apa muni avicaladAsa jI ke caraNoM meM dIkSita hue| ApakA janma vaNika zrImAlI ke ghara huaa| vi.saM 1875 meM Apane paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa kiye| ApakA svargavAsa vi.saM 1929 ko huA aura Apake paTTa para gopAlajI svAmI nAma ke AcArya gopAlajI svAmI - brahmakSatriya vaMzI ghara meM Apa vi.saM 1886 meM janmeM, 10 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue, sUtroM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA aura vi.saM 1940 meM svargavAsI hue| mohanalAla jI svAmI - osavAla koThArI parivAra meM Apa gholeTA meM janme, vi.saM 1938 meM dIkSita hue aura ApakI lekhana zakti prabala thii| maNilAla jI svAmI - vi.saM 1946 meM Apa dholerA meM dIkSita hae, 'prabhuvIra paTTAvalI' jaisA aitihAsika graMtha kI racanA kI, ajamera ke sAdhu sammelana meM zAMtirakSaka bane aura vi.saM 1886 meM svargavAsI hue| Apake sampradAya meM uttamacaMda jI mahArAja aura kezavalAla jI mahArAja hue| goMDala sampradAya pUjya DUMgarazI svAmI - Apa goMDala sampradAya ke Adya saMta the| ApakA janma saurASTra ke meMdAraNDA grAma meM huaa| 25 varSa kI Ayu meM paMcamahAvrata dhAraNa kiyA, vi.saM 1845 meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue aura prakhyAta seTha saubhAgacaMdra jI Apake ziSya the| ApakA svargavAsa goMDala meM saMvat 1877 meM huaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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144 gaNezajIsvAmI- rAjakoTa ke pAsa kherar3I grAma ApakI janmabhUmi thI aura ApakA samAdhikaraNa vi.saM 1866 meM huaa| khoDAjI svAmI - mUlajI svAmI ke ziSya pUjya DolAjI svAmI ke caraNoM meM Apa saMvat 1908 meM dIkSita hue| Apa sukavi aura gAyaka the| pUjya jasAjI mahArAja - Apa rAjasthAna meM janmeM, kintu gujarAta-saurASTra meM prasiddha hue| Apa vi.saM. 1907 meM dIkSita hue| Apake gurubhAI hIrAcaMda jI svAmI ke ziSya devajI svAmI hue| inakI sevA meM aMbA jI svAmI hue| aMbAjI svAmI ke ziSya bhImajI svAmI hue| inake ziSya kramaza: neNajI svAmI, devajI svAmI, jayacaMdajI svAmI aura maNikacaMda jI svAmI hue| jayacaMdajI svAmI - zrImAlI seTha premajI bhAI ke ghara meM jaitapura meM ApakA janma saMvat 1906 meM huaa| meMDhaNA grAma meM Apa 32 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita hue| aneka zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke janmadAtA muni prANalAla jI jaise munirAja Apane hI sthAnakavAsI samAja ko bheMTa diye| mANakacaMda jImahArAja- ApakAAgama jJAna vistRta thaa|yog meM pravINa mANakacaMda jI aneka zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke preraNA srota bane / saurASTra ke muniyoM meM Apa agragaNya mAne jAte haiN| nAgajI svAmI kI paramparA bAlajI svAmI ke ziSya nAgajI svAmI ne vi.saM 1872 meM isa parivAra kI sthApanA kii| jyotiSa zAstrajJa megharAja jI aura lokapriya pravacanakartA pUjya saMghajI Apake hI parivAra meM hue| udayasAgara jI mahArAja - jodhapura meM udayasAgara jI kA janma huaa| Apane saMvat 1897 meM bhagavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa jAti sampanna, kula sampanna, zarIra sampanna, vacanasampanna aura vAcanAsampanna prabhAvazAlI AcArya hue| muni cauthamala jI ko AcArva pradAna kara saMvat 1954 meM ratalAma zahara meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| cauthamala jI mahArAja - ApakA janma pAlI (rAjasthAna) meM huaa| Apa zithilAcAritA ke ghora virodhI the| zrIlAla jI mahArAja - ApakA janma ToMka (rAjasthAna) meM huaa| Apake AcAryatva meM sampradAya kI kIrti meM abhivRddhi hone lgii| 51 varSa kI Ayu meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| zAstravizArada munnAlAla jI mahArAja - lAlajI mahArAja ke pazcAt yaha sampradAya do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| Apa AcArya munnAlAla prakRti se namra aura zAstroM ke parama marmajJa the| adhikAMza sUtra Apako kaMThastha the| Apa byAvara meM svarga sidhAre / For Private and Personal Use Only

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145 naMdalAla jI mahArAja - naMdalAla jI mahArAja kA pUrA ghara dIkSita thA / kavivara hIrAlAla jIApake bhraataathe| Apa tapasvI, nirmala aura tIvra buddhishaaliithe| ApakA samAdhimaraNa ratalAma meM 1993 meM huaa| jainAcArya zrI javAharalAla jI mahArAja - bAlabrahmacArI javAharalAla jI mahArAja kA janma saMvat 1932 meM huaa| pUjya lAla jI mahArAja ke pazcAt Apa hI isa sampradAya ke AcArya bane / 'sUtrakRtAMga' Apane vistRta TIkA likhii| 'lokamAnya tilaka, mahAtmA gAMdhI, vallabhabhAI paTela, paM. madanamohana mAlavIya aura kavivara nAnAlAla jI ne Apake pravacanoM kA lAbha prApta kiyaa| 23 varSa taka AcArya pada kA nirvahana kara Apa saMvat 2000 meM svarga sidhaare| pU. zrI khUbacaMda jI mahArAja - ApakA janma nimbAher3A (rAjasthAna) meM saMvat 1930 kI kArtika zuklA 8 ko huaa| pUjya munnA lAla jI ke pazcAt Apako AcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| ApakI dIkSA muni naMdalAla jI ke karakamaloM se 4 varSa kI avasthA meM nImaca meM huii| byAvara meM saMvat 2002 ke caitra zuklA 3 ko ApakA samAdhimaraNa huaa| vaktA muni zrI cauthamala jI mahArAja - jagata vallabha jaina divAkara cauthamala jI mahArAja hIrAlAla jI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSita hue| ApakI vyAkhyAna zailI se prabhAvita hokara bar3e bar3e rAjAoM-mahArAjAoM ne madyamAMsa aura jIvahiMsA kA tyAga kiyaa| Apa jaina aura jainetara sabhI sampradAyoM meM paramapriya the| ApakA svargavAsa koTA meM huaa| . daulatarAma jI mahArAja - saMskRta aura prAkRta ke prakANDa paNDita daulatarAma jI mahArAja haratI RSi ke bar3e pATa para virAje / ApakI hI sevA meM rahakara ajarAmara jI mahArAja ne zAstroM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA thaa| sthAnakavAsI adhivezana . sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke zramaNavarga ne vibhinna sampradAyoM meM ekatA ke liye kaI adhivaMza kiye jisameM nimnAMkita mukhya haiM prathama adhivezana - moravI dvitIya adhivezana - ratalAma tRtIya adhivezana - ajamera caturtha adhivezana - jAlaMdhara paMcama adhivezana - sikandarAbAda SaSTa adhivezana - malakApura saptama adhivezana - bambaI aSTama adhivezana - bIkAnera navam adhivezana - ajamera dazam adhivezana - ghATakopara, bambaI For Private and Personal Use Only

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146 gyArahavAM adhivezana - madrAsa meM prathama adhivezana 26, 27, 28 pharavarI, 1906 ko moravI meM huaa| durlabhajI jhaverI, phAdara oNpha dI kAMphreMsa the| ajamera ke rAyasAhaba seTha cAMdamala jI ko pramukha banAyA gyaa| isa adhivezana se sAdhu saMsthA aura zrAvaka saMgha kA vizAla paricaya prApta huaa| dvitIya adhivezana, ratalAma meM 27, 28, 29 mArca 1908 ko huaa| isake pramukha seTha kevalacaMdajI tribhuvanadAsa jI the| isameM spaSTa kahA gayA ki jaina koI jAti na thI, jaina koI bAr3A na thI, jaina koI deza na thI, jaina saghalI jAti mA ch| tRtIya adhivezana 10, 3, 12 mArca 1909 ko huaa| isake pramukha bAla mukundajI satArA vAle the| - caturtha adhivezana jAlaMdhara meM 27, 28, 29 mArca 1910 ko huaa| isake pramukha ummedamalajI lor3hA the| paMcama adhivezana sikandarAbAda meM 12, 13, 14 aprela 1913 ko huaa| isake pramukha balagAMva ke lachamanadAsa mulatAnamala the| SaSTa adhivezana malakApura meM 7, 8, 9 jUna 1924 ko huaa| isake pramukha dAnavIra seTha meghajI thomaNa the| sAtaveM AThaveM adhivezana meM kramaza: agaracaMda bhairUdAna seThiyA aura vA. mo zAha sabhApati pada para viraaje| ajamera kA sAdhu sammelana sthAnakavAsI sAdhu samAja kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| yaha sammelana 5 aprela 1933 se prArambha hokara 19 apraila, 1933 ko samApta huaa| isameM sthAnakavAsI samudAya ke 30 meM se 26 sampradAyoM ne bhAga liyaa| isameM 463 sAdhu 332 sAdhviyoM ne bhAga liye| dasavAM adhivezana ghATakopara meM huaa| isake pramukha seTha vIra caMdra bhAI meghajI thomaNa the| gyArahavAM adhivezana madrAsa meM huA zrI kundanamalajI phirodiyA isake pramukha the| bArahavAM adhivezana sAdar3I meM huaa| jo bIja ajamera sammelana meM boyA gayA thA, aba usakA phala sAdar3I meM prApta huaa| isa sammelana meM jainadharma divAkara AcArya AtmArAma jI mahArAja ko AcArya mAna liyA gyaa| zrI gaNezIlAla jI mahArAja ke liye upAcArya kA pada niyata kiyA gyaa| usa samaya 16 maMtrI banAe gaye, kintu 13 ne hI dAyitva sNbhaalaa| 1. prAyazcita __ zrI Ananda RSi jI mahArAja- pradhAnamaMtrI For Private and Personal Use Only

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147 zrI hastImala jI mahArAja- sahamaMtrI 2. dIkSA zrI sahasramalajI mahArAja 3. sevA zrI zuklacaMdajI mahArAja zrI kizanalAla jI mahArAja 4. cAturmAsa zrI pyAracaMda jI mahArAja- sahamaMtrI zrI pannAlAla jI mahArAja 5. vihAra zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja zrI marudharakezarI mizrImalajI mahArAja 6. AkSepa nivAraka zrI pRthvIcaMda jI mahArAja zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja 7. pracAraka zrI premacaMdajI mahArAja zrI phUlacaMda jI mahArAja isa sammelana meM phUTa aura vidveSa ke sthAna para prema aura ekatA sthApita ho gii| aura isa taraha vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina samAja astitva meM aayaa| zrI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina kAMphreMsa kA prathama adhivezana sAdar3I meM aura dUsarA 17 pharavarI 1953 ko sojata meM huaa| isa sammelana meM pradhAnamaMtrI AnandaRSijI mahArAja, upAcArya gaNezIlAla jI mahArAja, kavivara amara muni jI mahArAja, sahamaMtrI hastImalajI mahArAja, zAMtirakSaka madanalAla jI maharAja- isa pAMca saMtoM ke ekatrita cAturmAsa kA nirNaya huA aura jodhapura saMgha kI vinatI mAna lI gii| paramapUjyapAda zrI amolaka RSi jI mahArAja ne 32 AgamoM ko hindI bhASA meM anUdita karake, mahAvIra kI vANI ko sarvajanahitAya btaayaa| zatAvadhAnI ratnacaMda jI mahArAja kA sAhitya aura 'ardhamAgadhI koza' sAhitya kSetra kI amUlya nidhi hai| AcArya hastImalajI mahArAja ne jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa- cAra khaNDa meM likhakara jainamata ke itihAsa meM eka yugAntara upasthita kiyaa| zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI samAja kA ajamera sAdhu sammelana bhI valabhI vAcanA ke bAda kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| isameM nimnAMkita sampradAya ke sAdhu, sAdhviyAM sammilita hue| isa prakAra adhivezana lagAtAra hote rahe- rASTrIya aura kSetrIya stara pr| aMtima kSetrIya sAdhu sammelana nAsika meM 16-17 janavarI 99 ko AcArya pravara devendra muni jI kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| isameM yuvAcArya DaoN. zivamuni, upAdhyAya zrI vizAla muni, mahAmaMtrI zrI saubhAgya muni, zrI 1. muni suzIla kumAra, jaina dharma kA itihAsa, pR 533 2. vahI, pR 535 For Private and Personal Use Only

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148 prazAMta RSi jI aura zrI rAjendra muni ke atirikta viduSI mahAsatI zrI dilIpakuMvarajI, mahAsatI zrI caMdanAjI, mahAsatI zrI arcanAjI, mahAsatI zrI kiraNasudhAjI aura mahAsatI zrI caritra prabhAjI ne bhAga liyaa| ajamera sammelana meM sammilita vibhinna sthAnakavAsI sampradAyoM ke ___ AcAryoM aura munirAja kI sUcI (1) pUjya zrI dharmasiMhajI mahArAja kA sampradAya (dariyApurI) muni 20, AryAjI 59, kula 79 1. muni zrI puruSottajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI paMDita harSacaMdrajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI sundarajI mahArAja pratinidhi 4. muni zrI bhAgyacandrajI mahArAja pratinidhi 5. muni zrI cunnIlAlajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI nAnacandrajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI choTAlAlajI mahArAja gujarAta (2) zrI khaMbhAta sampradAya muni 8, AryAjI 10, kula 18 1. pUjya zrI chaganalAlajI mahArAja 2. muni zrI ratanacandrajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI gulAbacandrajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI becaralAlajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI khoDAjI mahArAja pratinidhi pratinidhi kAThiyAvAr3a (3) zrI lIMbaDI moTo sampradAya muni 29, AryAjI 66, kula 95 1. tapasvI muni zrI zAmajI mahArAja, 2. zatA. paM. muni zrI ratnacandrajI ma. 3. kavi paM. muni zrI nAnacandrajI ma. 4. muni zrI anUpacandrajI mahArAja pratinidhi pratinidhi pratinidhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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149 5. muni zrI lAlacandrajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI harSacandrajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI cunnIlAlajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI kapUracandajI mahArAja 9. muni zrI saubhAgyacandrajI ma. 10. muni zrI pUnamacandrajI mahArAja 11. muni DuMgarazI mahArAja pratinidhi kAThiyAvAr3a pratinidhi (4) zrI lIMbaDI nAno sampradAya muni 7, AryAjI 19, kula 26 1. muni zrI paM. maNilAlajI mahArAja, 2. muni zrI megharAjajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI tribhuvanajI mahArAja ___ muni zrI pUnamacandrajI mahArAja (lIMbaDI moTA sampradAya) pratinidhi kAThiyAvAr3a (5) zrI goMDala sampradAya muni 20, AryAjI 66, kula 86 *1. munizrI puruSottamajI mahArAja 2. munizrI chaganalAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi kAThiyAvAr3a (6) zrI boTAda sampradAya muni 10, AryAjI 0, kula 10 1. pra. munizrI mANakacandrajI mahArAja, pratinidhi 2. muni zrI kAnajI mahArAja *3. muni zrI zivalAlajI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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150 *pratinidhi zrI sAyalA sampradAya kAThiyAvAr3a (7) zrI sAyalA sampradAya muni 4, AryAjI 0, kula 4 muni zrI zivalAlajI mahArAja, (boTAda sampradAyanA) pratinidhi kaccha (8) zrI kaccha ATha koTI moTI pakSa muni 4, AryAjI 36, kula 58 1. yuvAcArya zrI nAgacandrajI mahArAja, pratinidhi 2. muni zrI caturalAlajI mahArAja, pratinidhi 3. muni zrI ratnacandrajI mahArAja, pratinidhi mAlavA-mAravAr3a (9) pUjya zrI javAhiralAlajI mahArAja nI sampradAya muni 65, AryAjI 30, kula 175 1. pUjya zrI javAhiralAlajI mahArAja, pratinidhi 2. muni zrI moDIlAlajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI (bar3e) gabbUlAlajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI harSacandrajI mahArAja koTA 5. muni zrI bhUrAlAlajI mahArAja sampradAya 6. muni zrI mAMgIlAla mahArAja 7. yuvAcArya muni zrI gaNezIlAlajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI zAMtilAlajI mahArAja 9. muni zrI bakhtAvaramalajI mahArAja 10. muni zrI zrIcandajI mahArAja 11. muni zrI (choTe) gabbUlAlajI mahArAja 12. muni zrI manoharalAlajI mahArAja 13. muni zrI pannAlAlajI mahArAja 14. muni zrI cauthamalajI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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151 15. muni zrImAnamalajI mahArAja 16. muni zrI sAgaramalajI mahArAja 17. muni zrI siradAramalajI mahArAja 18. muni zrI sirahamalajI mahArAja 19. muni zrI jeThamalajI mahArAja 20. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja 21. tapasvI muni zrI kesarImalajI mahArAja 22. tapasvI muni zrI sundaralAlajI mahArAja 23. muni zrI mohanalAlajI mahArAja 24. muni zrI jIvaNalAlajI mahArAja 25. muni zrI sugAlacaMdajI mahArAja 26. muni zrI javarIlAlajI mahArAja 27. muni zrI dhanarAjajI mahArAja 28. muni zrI cunnilAlajI mahArAja 29. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja 30. muni zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja 31. muni zrI maMgalacaMdajI mahArAja 32. muni zrI nandalAlajI mahArAja 33. muni zrI paratApamalajI mahArAja 34. muni zrI zremalajI mahArAja 35. muni zrI cA~damalajI mahArAja 36. muni zrI choTe ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja 37. muni zrI kisanacaMdajI mahArAja 38. muni zrI gulAbacaMdajI mahArAja 39. muni zrI hemacaMdajI mahArAja 40. muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja 41. muni zrI sUrajamalajI mahArAja rAjapUtAnA-mAlavA (10) pUjya zrI mannAlAlajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 44, AryAjI 31, kula 75 1. pUjya zrI mannAlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. upA. muni zrI khUbacaMdajI mahArAja pratinidhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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152 pratinidhi pratinidhi 3. prasiddha vaktA muni zrI cauthamalajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI zaMkaralAlajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI kesarImalajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI harSacandajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI hajArImalajI mahArAja 9. paNDita muni zrI chaganalAlajI mahArAja 10. muni zrI nAthulAlajI mahArAja 11. muni zrI pyAracandajI mahArAja 12. muni zrI mayAcandajI mahArAja 13. muni zrI sesamalamI mahArAja 14. muni zrI vRddhicandajI mahArAja 15. muni zrI sobhAlAlajI mahArAja 16. muni zrI chabAlAlajI mahArAja 17. muni zrI nAthulAlajI mahArAja 18. muni zrI rAmalAlajI mahArAja 19. muni zrI maganalAlajI mahArAja 20. muni zrI paratApamalajI mahArAja 21. muni zrI hIrAlAlajI mahArAja 22. muni zrI campAlAlajI mahArAja 23. muni zrI kevalacandajI mahArAja 24. muni zrI vakatAvaramalajI mahArAja 25. muni zrI rAjamalajI mahArAja 26. muni zrI vijayarAjajI mahArAja 27. muni zrI mohanalAlajI mahArAja 28. muni zrI sohanalAlajI mahArAja 29. muni zrI hukamIcandajI mahArAja 30. muni zrI bhairUMlAlajI mahArAja 31. muni zrI javAhiralAlajI mahArAja 32. muni zrI indramalajI mahArAja 33. muni zrI kisanalAlajI mahArAja 34. muni zrI zrIcandajI mahArAja 35. muni zrI zAMtilAlajI mahArAja 36. muni zrI sukhalAlajI mahArAja 37. muni zrI kAlulAlajI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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153 ajamera-meravAr3A (11) pUjya zrI nAnakarAmajI mahArAja nI sampradAya muni 5, AryAjI 10, kula 15 1. pravartaka muni zrI pannAlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI hagAmIlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI choTUmalajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI devIlAlajI mahArAja meravAr3A-mAravAr3a (12) pUjya zrI svAmIdAsajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 5, AryAjI 12, kula 17 1. pravartaka muni zrI phatahalAlajI ma. pratinidhi 2. muni zrI chaganalAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI pratApamalajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI gaNezamalajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja mAravAr3a (13) pUjya zrI ratanacaMdrajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 9, AryAjI 38, kula 47 1. pUjya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI sujAnamalajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI bhojarAjajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI amaracandajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI lAbhacandrajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI cauthamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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154 7. muni zrI lakSmIcandajI mahArAja bar3e 8. muni zrI lakSmIcandajI mahArAja choTe mAravAr3a (14) pUjya zrI jJAnacaMdajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 13, AryAjI 105, kula 38 1. muni zrI pUraNamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI indramalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 4. muni zrI siremalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 5. muni zrI samarathamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 6. muni zrI siradAramalajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI cA~damalajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI ratanalAlajI mahArAja 9. muni zrI sUrajamalajI mahArAja 10. muni zrI rAmalAlajI mahArAja mAravAr3a (15) pUjya zrI mAravAr3I cauthamalajI mahArAja nI sampradAya muni 3, AryAjI 15, kula 18 muni zrI cA~damalajI mahArAja pratinidhi (pU. jayamalajI ma. nI sampradAya nA) 1. muni zrI rUpacandajI mahArAja pratinidhi mAravAr3a (16) pUjya zrI amarasiMhajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 9, AryAjI 81, kula 90 For Private and Personal Use Only

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155 pratinidhi pratinidhi pratinidhi 1. pravartaka muni zrI dayAlacandrajI ma. 2. muni zrI maMtrI tArAcandajI ma. 3. muni zrI hemarAjajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI haMsarAjajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI nArAyaNadAsajI ma. 6. muni zrI pratApamalajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI pukharAjajI mahArAja pratinidhi mAravAr3a (17) pUjya zrI rughanAthajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 4, AryAjI 15, kula 19 1. pravartaka muni zrI dhIrajamalajI ma. pratinidhi 2. mantrI muni zrI mizrImalajI ma. pratinidhi 3. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI pukharAjajI mahArAja mAravAr3a (18) pUjya zrI jayamalajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 13, AryAjI 90, kula 103 1. pravartaka muni zrI hajArImalajI ma. pratinidhi 2. muni zrI gaNezamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. maMtrI muni zrI cauthamalajI ma. pratinidhi 4. muni zrI vaktAvaramalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 5. muni zrI cAMdamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 6. muni zrI brajalAlajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI cainamalajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI dhanarAjamalajI mahArAja 9. muni zrI jItamalajI mahArAja 10. muni zrI mizrImalajI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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156 11. muni zrI lAlacandrajI mahArAja mevAr3a (19) pUjya zrI ekaliMgadAsajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 8, AryAjI 35, kula 43 1. muni zrI jodharAjajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI viradIcandrajI mahArAja pratinidhi 4. muni zrI bherUlAlajI mahArAja mevAr3a (20) pUjya zrI zItaladAsajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 5, AryAjI 3, kula 16 1. muni zrI kajor3ImalajI mahArAja 2. muni zrI bhUrAlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI chogAlAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 4. muni zrI gokalacandajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI phUlacandajI mahArAja mAlavA ane dakSiNa (21) pUjya zrI amolakhaRSijI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 24, AryAjI 81, kula 105 1. pUjya zrI amolakhaRSijI mahArAja, pratinidhi 2. tapasvI muni zrI devajIRSijI mahArAja, pratinidhi 3. paM. ratna muni zrI AnandaRSijI ma., pratinidhi 4. muni zrI mANakaRSijI mahArAja 5. AtmArthI muni zrI mohanaRSijI ma. pratinidhi 6. muni zrI lakSmIRSijI mahArAja For Private and Personal Use Only

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157 pratinidhi 7. muni zrI vinayaRSijI mahArAja 8. muni zrI manasukhaRSijI mahArAja 9. muni zrI uttamaRSijI mahArAja 10. muni zrI tulARSijI mahArAja 11. muni zrI kalyANaRSijI mahArAja 12. muni zrI vRddhiRSijI mahArAja 13. muni zrI multAnaRSijI mahArAja 14. muni zrI samarthaRSijI mahArAja 15. muni zrI zAMtiRSijI mahArAja 16. muni zrI phatahaRSijI mahArAja 1. muni zrI kalyANajI mahArAja RSi sampradAya 2. muni zrI cunnIlAlajI mAharAja nI nezrAya mAM mAlavA (22) pUjya zrI dharmadAsajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 15, AryAjI 74, kula 89 1. pravartaka muni zrI tArAcandajI ma. pratinidhi 2. muni zrI kizanalAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. paM. muni zrI saubhAgamalajI mahArAja pratinidhi 4. muni zrI baccharAjajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI sUrajamalajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI kundanamuni mahArAja 7. muni zrI rUpacandrajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI nagIna muni mahArAja 9. muni zrI mANaka muni mahArAja 10. muni zrI hIrA muni mahArAja 11. muni zrI vinaya muni mahArAja mAlavA For Private and Personal Use Only

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158 (23) zrI rAmaratanajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 3, AryAjI 2, kula 5 1. muni zrI motIlAlajI mahArAja 2. muni zrI dhanasukhajI mahArAja, pratinidhi koTA (hAr3autI) (24) pUjya zrI dolatarAmajI ma. (koTA) nI sampradAya muni 13, AryAjI 26, kula 39 1. paM. muni zrI rAmakumArajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI viradIcandrajI mahArAja pratinidhi 3. muni zrI rAmanivAsajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI tapasvI hajArImalajI mahArAja 5. muni zrI javAharalAlajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI tapasvI devIlAlajI ma. pratinidhi 7. muni zrI jIvarAjajI mahArAja paMjAba pratinidhi pratinidhi (25) pUjya zrI sohanalAlajI mahArAja nI sampradAya muni 73, AryAjI 60, kula 133 1. gaNi muni zrI udayacandajI ma. 2. upAdhyAya muni zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI kundana lAlajI mahArAja 4. yuvAcArya muni zrI kAzIrAmajI ma. 5. muni zrI bhAgamalajI mahArAja 6. muni zrI harSacandajI mahArAja 7. muni zrI madanalAlajI mahArAja 8. muni zrI rAmajIlAlajI mahArAja prati. pratinidhi pratinidhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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159 9. muni zrI nihAlacandajI mahArAja 10. muni zrI kastUracandajI mahArAja 11. muni zrI kapUracandajI mahArAja 12. muni zrI raghuvaradayAlajI mahArAja 13. muni zrI hemacandrajI mahArAja 14. muni zrI tilokacandajI mahArAja 15. muni zrI durgAdAsajI mahArAja 16. muni zrI mANakacandajI mahArAja 17. muni zrI niraMjanamalajI mahArAja 18. muni zrI TekacandajI mahArAja 19. muni zrI premacandajI mahArAja 20. muni zrI pArzvacandajI mahArAja 21. muni zrI rAmasiMhajI mahArAja 22. muni zrI naubatarAyajI mahArAja 23. muni zrI phUlacandajI mahArAja 24. muni zrI manoharalAlajI mahArAja 25. muni zrI mahAvIraprasAdajI mahArAja paJjAba (26) pUjya zrI nAthurAmajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 7, AryAjI 10, kula 17 1. muni zrI phUlacandajI mahArAja pratinidhi 2. muni zrI kundanalAlajI mahArAja pratinidhi yU.pI. jamanApAra (27) pUjya zrI motIrAmajI mahArAja kA sampradAya muni 7, AryAjI 0, kula 7 1. muni zrI pRthvIcandajI mahArAja pratinidhi For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 160 2. muni zrI amaracandajI mahArAja 3. muni zrI amolakacandajI mahArAja 4. muni zrI zrIcandajI mahArAja www.kobatirth.org 1. goMDala moTo saMpradAya 2. goMDala saMghANI saMpradAya 3. baravAlA saMpradAya 4. kaccha ATha koTI nAnI pakSa nimnAMkita sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ne bhAga nahIM liyA 1. jaina dharma kA itihAsa, pR496 2. jaina dharma kA itihAsa, pR469 3. osavAla, darzana, digdarzana, pR 173 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir terApaMthI paramparA dharmadAsa jI kI AcArya paramparA meM zrI raghunAtha jI ke zrIcaraNoM meM AcArya zrI bhISaNa jI ne saMvat 1808 meM dIkSita hue| AcArya bhISaNajI kucha mAnyatAoM pUjya raghunAthajI se sahamata ho sake / ye dekhakara unhoMne bhISaNajI ko saMgha se pRthak kara diyaa| bhISaNajI ne anya 12 sAdhuoM (kula teraha) ke pAsa bagar3I (mAravAr3a) meM alaga paramparA khar3I kara dii|' AcArya bhISaNa hI AcArya bhikSu kahalAe / 'pA~ca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti aura tIna muni hI' terApaMtha ke sAdhvAcAra haiN|' AcArya bhikSu kA uddezya thA - sAdhu-sAdhviyAM paraspara sauhArda va sneha meM rahe, AcAryaniSTha rahe, saMgha meM anuzAsana aura maryAdA rhe| isa saMgha kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM eka hI AcArya hai| AcArya zrI bhikSu - Apa saMvat 1783 meM kaMThAliyA (mAravAr3a) meM janme / osavAla saMkhalecA gotra meM janme bhISaNajI ne saMvat 1816 meM terApaMtha kI sthApanA kii| ApakA svargavAsa saM 1860 meM huA / viparIta paristhitiyoM meM AcArya bhikSu DaTe rhe| Apane 38000 zloka pramANa sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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161 AcArya zrI bhAramala - zreSTha sAdhu ke pratimAna AcArya zrI bhAramala AcArya bhikSu ke uttarAdhikArI hue| ApakA janma mUMhA rAjasthAna meM kisano jI loDhA ke yahA~ saMvat 1804 meM haa| saMvat 1813 meM bAgora meM dIkSA lI, saM 1817 meM dIkSA aura saMvat 1860 meM AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue aura svargavAsa vi.saM 1878 ko huaa| AcArya zrI rAyacaMda jI (RSi rAya) - ApakA janma vi.saM 1847 aura dIkSA saM 1857 meM huii| Avazyaka cUrNi', 'dazavaikAlika', 'uttarAdhyayana' aura 'vRhatakalpa' Apako kaMThastha the| Apa catarojI bama ke putra the| Apa svargavAsa vi.saM 1908 meM huaa| jayAcArya - terApaMtha kI maryAdA mahotsava ke janaka jayAcArya the| Apane lagabhaga 3,50,000 padyoM kI racanA kii| Apa golachA parivAra ke AIdAna jI ke putra the| saM 1860 meM jodhapura ke rohaTa grAma meM ApakA janma huaa| 9 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA aura saM 1908 meM AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue| ApakA svargavAsa jayapura meM saM 1938 meM huaa| AcArya zrI magarAja - magarAja jI pUraNamala baiMgAnI ke yahA~ saM. 1897 meM bIdAsara (bIkAnera) meM jnmeN| dIkSA lADanU meM saMvat 1908 aura AcArya saM 1938 meM hue aura svargavAsa saradArazahara meM saM 1945 meM huaa| Apa saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita the, kintu saMvAda kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hI rhii| AcArya zrI mANakacaMda - saMvat 1912 meM hukamacaMdajI zrImAlI ke yahA~ Apa janmeM, 16 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita hue, saMvat 1949 meM AcArya hue aura svargavAsa saradArazahara meM saM 1954 meM huaa| Apa AcArya mANaka gaNi ke nAma se prasiddha the| AcArya zrI DAlacaMda - Apa samasta jaina saMghoM ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane ke liye prayatnazIla rhe| ujjaina ke kannIrAma pIpAr3A ke yahA~ Apane saMvat 1909 meM janma liyA, 14 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA lI, saMvat 1954 meM AcArya bane aura saM 1966 meM svargastha hue| ___ AcArya kAlUrAma (kAlUgaNi) - Apa chApara meM mUlacaMda jI koThArI ke yahA~ saMvat 1933 meM janme, 11 varSa kI Ayu meM bIdAsara meM dIkSA lI, 33 varSa kI Ayu meM AcArya bane aura 60 varSa kI Ayu meM gaMgApura meM svargavAsa huaa| Apa eka mahAn adhyetA the| AcArya zrI tulasI - AcArya zrI tulasI ne apane AcAryakAla meM terApaMtha kI hI nahIM, jainamata ko pratiSThA dilaaii| Apa 11 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue aura 22 varSa kI alpa avasthA meM AcArya pada para abhiSikta hue / Apake netRtva meM terApaMtha ne AzAtIta unnati kii| ApakI preraNA se hI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU ne jainamata se sambandhita vizvavidyAlaya starIya adhyayana-adhyApana ke naye dvAra khole / isa deza kA buddhijIvI AcArya tulasI ko isa zatAbdI kA mahatvapUrNa santa aura vicAraka mAnatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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162 AcArya mahAprajJa - vartamAna meM terApaMtha ke AcArya mahAprajJa hai| AcArya mahAprajJa hI eka samaya muni nathamala, phira yuvAcArya mahAprajJa aura aba isa paramparA ke AcArya haiM / ApakI bauddhika cetanA prakhara hai| eka vicAraka ke rUpa meM Apake aneka graMtha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 'maiM, merA mana, merI zAMti' meM dhArmika udAratA hai| 'tuma ananta zakti ke strota ho' meM jainamata ke sAdhanA prakAroM kI carcA hai| naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa' meM Aja ke pariprekSya meM naitikatA kA vizleSaNa hai| "atIta kA anAvaraNa meM aitihAsika dRSTi ke dvAra-buddha aura mahAvIrakAla bhArata ke anadhue aitihAsika pRSThoM ko anAvRta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA aneka zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMtoM aura AcAryoM ne jainamata ke pracAra-prasAra meM yoga diyA hai| yazovijaya - upadhyAya yazovijaya ko AcArya hemacaMdra kA Adhunika saMskaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| paM sukhalAla ke zabdoM meM 'inake samAna samanvaya zakti rakhane vAlA, jaina, jainetara graMthoM kA dohana karane vAlA, zAstrIya aura laukika bhASA meM vividha sAhitya kI racanA kara apane sarala aura kaThina vicAroM ko saba jijJAsuoM taka pahu~cAne vAlA aura sampradAya meM rahakara bhI sampradAya ke baMdhana kI paravAha na kara jo ucita mAlUma ho, usa para nirbhayatApUrvaka likhane vAlA, kevala zvetAmbara digambara samAja meM hI nahIM, balki jainettara samAja meM bhI unake jaisA koI viziSTa vidvAna hamAre dekhane meM aba taka nahIM aayaa| kevala hamArI dRSTi meM hI nahIM, parantu pratyeka taTastha vidvAna kI dRSTi meM jaina sampradAya meM ina upAdhyAya kA sthAna zaMkarAcArya ke samAna hai|" unhoMne aneka adhyAtA aura darzana graMthoM ke sAtha Agama graMthoM kI TIkAeM likhI, yoga sambandhI darzana graMthoM kI TIkAeM likhii| jJAna ke isa mahAsAgara aura adhyAtma yogI kA svargavAsa saMvat 1743 ko huaa| AcArya hIrAvijaya sUri - isa tejasvI aura camatkArI saMta ko saM 1640 meM jagadguru kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / ApakA janma pAlanapura meM 1583 meM huA, saMvat / 1596 meM AcArya vijayadAna sUri ke pAsa dIkSAlI aura saMvat 1610 meM AcArya pada para ArUDha hue| ApakA prabhAva akabara para par3A aura ApakI hI preraNA se akabara ne hiMsA kI manAhI karavA dI, kaI kaidiyoM ko mukta kara diyA aura svayaM akabara ne Apake vacanAmRta sune| upAdhyAya vinaya vijaya aura meghavijaya - Apa donoM ne aneka Agamika, dArzanika aura vaiyAkaraNika graMthoM kI racanA kii| meghavijaya jI ne jyotiSa viSayaka graMtha aura 'zAMtinAtha caritakAvya' likhaa| AcArya vijayAnaMda sUri - paMjAba prAMta meM laTata meM saMvat 1893 meM ApakA janma huaa| 1946 meM jodhapura meM Apako 'nyAya mahodadhi' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| ApakA 1. osavAla darzana : digdarzana, pR 161 2. vahI, pR 160 For Private and Personal Use Only

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163 gRhastha nAma AtmAnaMda thA / zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke pahale Apa sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM the / 'jainatatvadarzana', 'tatvanirNaya prasAda', 'ajJAna timira bhAskara', 'samyakatva zalyoddhAra', 'jainadharma viSayaka praznottara', 'navaratna', 'jainamata vRkSa' aura 'jaina dharma kA svarUpa' Adi Apake prasiddha graMtha haiN| paMjAba kA zvetAmbara samAja ApakA bhakta hai / vijayazAMti sUrIpUvara - Apane 16 varSa kI avasthA meM saMvat 1961 meM AcArya tIrtha vijaya se dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa 16 varSoM taka mAlavA ke bIhar3a jaMgaloM meM ghUma-ghUmakara jaina kI alakha jagAte rahe / saMvat 1990 meM vAmanavAr3I meM poravAla samAja ne Apako jIva yA pratipAdaka rAja rAjezvara kI upAdhi pradAna kii| Apako AcArya sUri samrATa ke pada para abhiSikta kara jagadgurU se sammAna se sammAnita kiyA / nepAla ke DepuTezana ne Apako nepAla rAjaguru kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA / ' Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir AcArya vijayavallabha sUri - AcArya vijayavallabha sUri ne jainamata kI ekatA ke lie digambara zvetAmbara vizeSaNoM ko tyAgane ke liye bIr3A utthaayaa| deza ke kaune kaune meM AtmAnanda jI ke nAma se aneka zikSaNa saMsthAe~ sthApita karane ke liye preraNA dii| ApakA svargavAsa bambaI meM huA / ApakI zavayAtrA meM aura dharma kI sImAeM TUTa gaI / - kharataragacchIya paramparA ke AcArya aura sUri- Adhunika kAla meM kharataragacchIya AcAryoM aura muniyoM meM sarvazrI dharmasAgara, vijayasamudra, yazovijaya, janakavijaya, kAMtisAgara, kalyANavijaya, bhadraMkaravijaya, bhAnuvijaya, vizAla vijaya Adi pramukha AcArya aura muni haiM / muni kAMtisAgara muni kAMtisAgara jainamata ke mahAn adhyetA aura zedhArthI haiM pustakeM inake liye amUlya nidhi rahI hai| unakI aneka pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| inakI 'khoja kI pagaDaMDiyAM' carcita rahI hai| inake vicArapUrNa aura zodhapUrNa lekha patra patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 1 sAdhvI zrI vicakSaNajI- sAdhvI zrI vicakSaNa jI ne jaina sampradAyoM ko ekatA ke sUtroM meM bA~dhane kA prayatna kiyaa| Apa eka prabhAvazAlI upadezikA haiN| zrI aMcalagaccha zrI kharataragaccha kaaura zrI tapAgaccha kI AcArya paramparAe~ prastuta kI jA rahI hai| 1. osavAla, darzana, digdarzana, pR 162 aMcala gaccha kI AcArya paramparA AryarakSita sUri (vi.sa. 1236 meM svargastha ) jayasiMha sUri (vi. sa. 1258 meM svargastha ) dharmaghoSa sUri (vi. sa. 1268 meM svargastha ) mahendrasiMha sUri (vi.sa. 1309 meM svargastha ) siMhaprabhasUri (vi.sa. 1313 meM svargastha ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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164 ajitasiMha sUri (vi.sa. 1339 meM svargastha) devendrasiMha sUri (vi.sa. 1371 meM svargastha) dharmaprabhasUri (vi.sa. 1393 meM svargastha) siMhatilaka sUri (vi.sa. 1395 meM svargastha) mahendraprabha sUri (vi.sa. 1444 meM svargastha) merutuMga sUri (vi.sa. 1471 meM svargastha) jayakIrti sUri (vi.sa. 1500 meM svargastha) jayakezarI sUri (vi.sa. 1541 meM svargastha) siddhAnta sUri (vi.sa. 1583 meM svargastha) bhAvasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1583 meM svargastha) guNanidhanasUri (vi.sa. 1602meM svargastha) dharmabhUti sUri (vi.sa. 1670 meM svargastha) kalyANasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1718 meM svargastha) amarasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1762 meM svargastha) vidyAsAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1797 meM svargastha) udayasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1826 meM svargastha) kIrtisAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1843 meM svargastha) puNyasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1870 meM svargastha) rAjendrasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1892 meM svargastha) muktisAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1914 meM svargastha) ratnasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1928 meM svargastha) vivekasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 1948 meM svargastha) jitendrasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 2004 meM svargastha) gautamasAgara sUri (vi.sa. 2009 meM svargastha) guNasAgara sUri ....... guNodayasAgara sUri (vartamAna gacchAdhipati) 1. zramaNa, (aprela-jUna) svarNa jayantI varSa, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, pR. 115-116 For Private and Personal Use Only

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165 kharataragaccha AcAryoM kI AcArya paramparA 1. AcArya vardhamAna sUri vi.sa. 1050 2. jinezvara sUri vi.sa. 1066-1078 3. jinacandrasUri 4. abhayadeva sUri- nAvAMga TIkAkAra svargavAsa 339 5. jinavallabhasUri AcArya pada 367 - 6. yugapradhAna dAdA jinadatta sUri AcArya 369..... 7. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri 1205 8. yugapravarAgama jinapati sUri vi.sa. AcArya pada 143 9. jinezvarasUri AcArya pada saM 1278 10. jinaprabodha sUri AcArya pada saM 1331 11. kalikAla kevalI jinacandrasUri AcArya pada saM 1341 12. dAdA zrI jinakuzala sUri AcArya pada saM 1377 13. jinapadmasUri AcArya saM 1390 14. jinalabdhi sUri svargavAsa 1406 15. jinacandrasUri 1406 16. jinodayasUri 1451 17. jinarAjasUri 1433 18. jinabhadrasUri 1475 19. jinacaMdrasUri 1515 20. jinasamudra sUri . 1533 21. jinahaMsasUri 1555 22. jinamANikya sUri 1582 23. akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhapana jinacandrasUri 1612 24. jinasiMha sUri 1649 25. jinarAjasUri 1674 26. jinaratna sUri 1700 27. jinacandrasUri 28. jinasukha sUri 1763 29. jinabhakti sUri 1780 30. jinalAbha sUri 1804 isake pazcAt yati paramparA clii| 173 1. sAdhvI zrI zaziprabhA zramaNI- agrinandana graMtha, sajjana zrI jI mahArAja pR. 5 (khataragaccha kA saMkSipta paricaya, ma. vinayasAgara) For Private and Personal Use Only

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166 kharataragaccha kI saMvigna sAdhu paramparA (sukhasAgara jI kA samudAya) 1. upAdhyAya prItisAgara gaNi 2. vAcaka amRtadharmagaNi 3. upAdhyAya kSamAzramaNa 4. dharmavizAla dharmAnanda 5. rAjasAgara jI / 6. RddhisAgara jI 7. gaNAdhIza sukhasAgarajI 8. gaNAdhIza bhagavAna sAgara jI 9. tapasvI chaganasAgarajI 10. trailokya sAgarajI 11. jinahari sAgara sUrijI 12. jinAnanda sAgara sUri 13. jinakavIndra sAgara sUri 14. jina udaya sAgara sUri- jinakAMti sAgara sUri 15. mahodaya sAgara sUri vartamAna gacchAdhipati tapAgaccha kI AcArya paramparA 1. zrI jinacandra sUri 44veM paTTadhara 2. zrI devendrasUri 45veM paTTadhara 3. zrI dharmaghoSa sUri 46veM paTTadhara 4. zrI somaprabha sUri 47veM paTTadhara 5. zrI soyatilaka sUri 48veM paTTadhara 6. zrI devasundara sUri 49veM paTTadhara 7. zrI sAmasundara sUri 50veM paTTadhara 8. zrI muni sundara sUri 51veM paTTadhara 9. zrI ratnazekhara sUri 52veM paTTadhara 10. zrI lakSmIsAgara sUri 53veM paTTadhara 11. zrI sumati sAgara sUri 54veM paTTadhara 12. zrI hemavimala sUri 55veM paTTadhara 13. zrI Anandavimala sUri 56veM paTTadhara 14. zrI vijayadAna sUri 57veM paTTadhara 15. zrI hIravijaya sUri 58veM paTTadhara 16. zrI vijayasena sUri 59veM paTTadhara 1. jayantIlAla choTe lAla zAha - zrI tapAgaccha zramaNa vaMza vRkSa For Private and Personal Use Only

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60veM paTTadhara 17. zrI vijayadeva sUri 18. zrI vijayasiMha sUri 61 veM paTTa isake pazcAt sAdhu paramparA satyavijayagaNI se prArambha ho gaI / 167 jainamata - pravartanakAla se prasArakAla taka isa prakAra jainamata ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekheM to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki 'pUrva mahAvIra yuga' meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se jainamata kA pravartana huA, dUsare tIrthaMkara se lekara tebIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke yuga ko hama jainamata kA pravarddhana kAla kaha sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jaina ke itihAsa meM apane vyaktitva aura kRtitva se eka yugAntara upasthita kiyA, isaliye mahAvIra ke AvirbhAva se lekara zrutakevali bhadrabAhu ke kAla ko 'mahAvIra yuga' kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| mahAvIra yuga ko jainamata kA vikAsakAla kaha sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt 'mahAvIrottara yuga' ko hama 'jainamata ke itihAsa kA prasArakAla' kaha sakate haiM / jainamata ke isa prasArayuga ne jainamata ne kitane hI utAra car3hAva dekhe| do hajAra varSoM ke isa lambe antarAla meM 3 vAcanAeM huI, AgamoM kI racanA huI aura AgamoM kI racanA ke sAtha hI saMghabheda kA bIja par3A aura phira saMghabheda sthAyI ho gyaa| isa yuga meM jainamata kA utkarSa bhI huA aura apakarSa bhI / caityAvAsa kI paramparA meM jainamata kA apakarSa thA / caityAvAsa ke viruddha virodha kA bIja boyA haribhadra sUri ne aura krAMtikA zaMkhanAda kiyA kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ne| solahavIM zatAbdI meM lokAzAha ke AvirbhAva ne jainamata ke itihAsa meM vaicArika krAMti kA sUtrapAta huaa| loMkAzAha ke pazcAt zvetAmbara jaina paramparA - tIna svataMtra paramparAoM- sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI aura maMdira mArgI dhArAoM meM bahatI rahI / terApaMthI paramparA ke atirikta sthAnakavAsI paramparA aura zvetAmbara maMdira mArgI paramparAoM ne kitane hI sampradAyoM / gacchoM ko janma diyA, isaliye haribhadrabAhu ke pazcAt zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ko hama vividha sampradAyoM aura gacchoM kA kAla bhI kaha sakate haiM / 1 osavaMza: bIjAropaNa se utkarSa taka osavaMza kA srota jainamata aura isake sUtradhAra jainAcArya rahe haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga ko hama osavaMza kI dRSTi se bIja vapana kAla, kintu mahAvIrottara yuga meM osavaMza kA kramazaH pravartana, pravarddhana, vikAsa aura prasAra dekha sakate haiM / jainAcAryoM ne pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa meM osavaMza ke pravarttana, pravarddhana, vikAsa, prasAra aura utkarSa meM yoga diyaa| isa jAtivihIna dharma ne eka nayI saMskRti kI racanA karane ke liye kabhI pratyakSa rUpa meM aura kabhI parokSa rUpa meM aisI jaina jAtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jo jaina darzana ke anurUpa eka nayI ahiMsAmUlaka aura mUlya paraka jIvana zailI ko AtmasAta kara nayI saMskRti kI racanA kara sake / For Private and Personal Use Only mahAvIrayuga meM upakezagaccha ke saptama AcArya ratnaprabhu ne mahAjanavaMza ke rUpa meM osavaMza kA bIja DAlA aura phira mahAvIrottara yuga ke aneka AcAryoM aura muniyoM ne pratyakSa rUpa se bhI aneka gotroM kI pratiSThApanA karake osavaMza ke pravarttana, pravarddhana aura vikAsa meM yoga diyaa|

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168 jainAcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita osavaMza ke gotra jainamata ke pravartana, pravarddhana, vikAsa aura prasArakAla ke lambe itihAsa meM jainAcAryoM ne zrAvakoM kI eka lambI katAra khar3I kara jainajAtiyoM ke udgama meM yoga diyA hai| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt vIra saMvat 70 meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke sAtaveM paTTadhara AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne osiyAM meM kSatriyoM ko pratibodhita kara mahAjana vaMza ke udbhava ke sAtha 18 gotroM kI sthApanA kii| ye gotra haiM- tAtehar3a, karNATa, badhanAga (bAkaNNa) balAhA (balahArA) mArokSa, kulahaTa, virahaTa, zrImAla, zreSThi, sahacitI yA saMcetI, AdityanAga, bhAdra, cIMcaTa, kumaTa, DIDU, kannoja aura laghu shresstthii| ___ yaha sUcI rAmalAla jI ke 'mahAjanavaMza muktAvalI', jJAnasundara jI ke 'jaina jAti mahodaya' aura 'jainajAti nirNaya' meM milatI hai, jisakA srota 'upakezagaccha caritra' hai| ina 18 gotroM se nisRta 498 zAkhA gotroM kI eka tAlikA upakezagacchIya jJAnasundara jI ne 'pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa' meM dI hai| upakezagaccha ko kAlAMtara meM kamalA gaccha kahA gyaa| ina gotroM ke AcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita gotroM kI sUcI nimnAnusAra hai - (1) mUlagautra tAter3a - tAteDa, toDiyANi, caumolA, kausIyA, dhAvaDA, cainAvata, talovaDA, naravarA, saMghavI, DuMgarIyA, caudharI, rAvata, mAlAvata, suratI, jokhelA, pAMcAvata, binAyakA, sADherAvA, nAgaDA, pAkA, harasota, kelaanniiN| (2) mUlagautra bAphaNA-bAphaNA, (bahuphUNA) nAhaTA, (nAhATA nAvaTA) bhopAlA, bhUtiyA, bhAbhU, nAvasarA, muMgaDiyA, DhAgarecA, camakIyA, caudharI, jAMghaDA, koTecA, bAlA, dhAturiyA, tihuyaNA, kurA, betAlA, salagaNA, bucANi, sAvaliyA, tosaTIyA, gAndhI, koTArI, khokharA, paTavA, daphatarI, goDAvata, kUcerIyA, bAlIyA, saMghavI, sonAvata, selota, bhAvaDA, laghunAhaTA, paMcavayA, huDiyA, TATIyA, ThagA, laghucamakIyA, boharA, mIThaDIyA, mArU, raNadhIrA, brahmecA, paTalIyA vAnuNA, tAkalIyA, yoddhA, dhArolA, duddhiyA, bAdolA, shukniiyaa| (3) mUlagautra karaNAvaTa- karaNAvaTa, vAgaDiyA, saMghavI, raNasota, AcchA, dAdaliyA, hunA, kAkecA, thaMbhorA, gudecA, jItota, lAbhAMNI, saMkhalA, bhInamAlA evaM krnnaavtt| (4) mUla gautra balAhA- balAhA, rAMkA, vAMkA, zeTha, zeDIyA, chAvata, caudharI, lAlA, boharA, bhUteDA, koTArI, laghu rAMkA, depArA, nerA, sukhivA, pATota, pepasarA, dhAriyA, jaDiyA, sAlIpurA, citoDa, hAkA, saMghavI, kAgaDA, kuzalota, phlodiiyaa| (5) mUlagautra morakha- morakha, pokaraNA, saMghavI, tejArA, laghupokaraNA, vAMdolIyA, cuMgA, laghucaMgA, gajA, codharI, gorIvAla, kedArA, vAtokaDA, karacu, kolorA, zIgAlA, kottaarii| (6) mUlagautra kulahaTa- kulahaTa, suravA, susANI, pukArA, masAMNIyA, khoDIyA, saMghavI, laghusukhA, boraDA, caudharI, surANIyA, sAkhecA, karArA, hAkaDA, jAlorI, mannI, For Private and Personal Use Only

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169 pAlakhIMyA, khuumaannaa| (7) mUlagautra virahaTa- virahaTa, bhuraMTa, tuhANA, osavAlA, laghubhuraMTa, gAgA, nopattA, saMghavI, nibolIyA, hAMsA, dhArIyA, rAjasarAM, motIyA, codharI, punamiyA sarA, ujota / (8) mUla gautra zrIzrImAla- zrI zrImAla, saMghavI, laghusaMghavI, nilaDiyA, koTaDiyA, jhAbAMNI nAharalANI, kesariyA, sonI, khopara, khajAnacI, dAnesarA, uddhAvata, aTakalIyA, dhAkaDiyA bhInnamAjA, devaDa, mADalIyA, koTI, caMDAlecA, sAcorA, krvaa| (9) mUla gautra zreSThi- zreSThi, siMhAvat, bhAlA, rAvata, vaida, muttA, paTavA, sevaDiyA, codharI, thAnAvaTa, cItoDA, jodhAvat, koTArI, botthANI, saMghavI, popAvata, ThAkurot, bAkheTA, vijot, devarAjot, guMdIyA, bAloTA, nAgorI, sekhAMNI, lAkhAMNI, bhurA, gAndhI, meDatiyA, raNadhIrA, pAtAvat, shuurmaa| (10) mUlagautra saMceti- saMceti (sucaMti sAcetI) DhelaDiyA, dhamANi, motiyA, biMbA, mAlot, lAlot, codharI, pAlANi laghusaMceti, maMtri, hukamiyA, kajArA, hIpA, gAndhI, begANiyA, koThArI, mAlakhA, chAchA, citoDiyA, isarANi, sonI, maruvA, gharaghaTA, udecA, laghucodharI, cosarIyA, bApAvat, saMghavI, muragIpAla, kIlolA, lAlot, kharabhaMDArI, bhojAvat, kATI jATA, tejANI, sahajANi seNA mandiravAlA, mAlatIyA, bhopAvat, gunniiyaa| (11) mUla gautra AdityanAga- AdityanAga, coraDiyA, soDhANi, saMghavI, uDaka masANiyA, miNiyAra, koTArI, pArakha, "pArakhoM' se bhAvasarA, saMghavI, DhelaDiyA, jasANi, molhANi, naDaka, tejANi, rUpAvat, codhari, "gulecchA'-gulecchoM se dolatANI, sAgANi, saMghavI, nApaDA, kAjANi, hulA, sehajAvat, nAgaDA, cittoDA, codharI, dAtArA, mInAgarA, "sAvasukhA' sAvasukhoM se mInArA, lolA, bIjANi, kesariyA, valA, koTArI nAMdecA, "bhaTanerAcodharIbhaTanerAcodhariyoM se kuMpAvat, bhaMDArI, jImaNiyA, caMdAvat, sAMbharIyA, kAnuMgA, "gadaIyA gadaiyoM se gehalota, lugAvat, raNazobhA, bAlot, saMghavI, nopattA, "bucA' bucoM se sonArA, bhaMDalIyA, karamot, dAlIyA, ratnapurA, phira coraDiyoM se nAbariyA, sarApha, kAmANi, duddhoNi, sIpAMNi, AsANi, sahalot, laghu soDhANI, dedANi, rAmapuriyA, laghupArakha, nAgorI, pATaNIyA, chADot, mamaiyA, boharA, khajAnacI, sonI, hADerA, daphatarI, codharI, tolAvat, rAba, jauharI, glaanni| (12) mUlagautra bhUri-bhUri, bhaTevarA, uDaka, siMghi, codharI, hiraNA, macchA, bokar3iyA, baloTA, bosudIyA, pItalIyA, siMhAvat, jAlot, dosAkhA, lADavA, iladIyA, nAcANi, muradA, koThArI, paattotiiyaa| (13) mUlagautra bhadra- bhadra, samadaDiyA, hiMgaDa, jogaDa, giMgA, khapATIyA, cavaherA, bAlaDA, nAmANi, bhamarANi, delaDiyA, saMghI, sAdAvat, bhAMDAvat, catura, koTArI, laghu samadaDiyA, laghu hiMgaDa, sAMDhA, codharI, bhATI, surapurIyA, pATaNiyA nAMnecA, gogaDa, kuladharA, rAmANi, nAthAvat, phuulgg| For Private and Personal Use Only

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170 (14) mUlagautra ciMcaTa- ciMcaTa, desaraDA, saMghavI, ThAkurA, gosalANi, khImasarA, laghuciMcaTa, pAcorA, purviyA, nisANiyA, nopolA, koThArI, tArAvAla, lADalakhA, zAhA, AkatarA, posAliyA, pUjArA, vanAvat / (15) mUlagautra kumaTa-kumaTa kAjalIyA, dhanaMtari, sughA, jagAvat, saMghavI pugalIyA, kaThorIyA, kApurIta, saMbhariyA cokkhA, sonIgarA, lAhorA, lAkhANI, maravANi, moracIyA, chAlIyA, mAlot, laghukuMmaTa, naagorii| (16) mUlagotra DiDU- DiMDU, rAjot sosalANi, dhApA dhIrot, khaMDiyA, yoddhA, bhATiyA, bhaMDArI, samadariyA, siMghuDA, lAlana, kocara, dAkhA, bhImAvat, pAlaNiyA, sikhariyA, vAMkA, vaDavaDA bAdalIyA, kaanuNgaa| (17) mUlagautra kanojiyA- kannojiyA, vaDabhaTA, rAkAvAla, tolIyA, dhAdhaliyA, ghevarIyA, guMgalecA, karavA, gaDhavANi, karelIyA, rADA, mIThA, bhopAvat, jAlorA, jamaghoTA, paTavA, mushliiyaa| (18) mUlagotra laghuzreSTi- laghuzreSTi, vardhamAna, bhobhalIyA, luNecA, boharA, paTavA, siMghI, ciMtoDA, khajAnacI, punot-godharA, hADA, kubaDiyA, luNA, nAlerIyA, gorecaa| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne osiyAM ke alAvA anya sthAnoM para osavAla gotroM ko pratibodhita kiyA'1. mUlagotra caraDa - caraDa, kAMkariyA, sAnI kIsturiyA, boharA, achupatA, pAraNiyA, saMghavI, vrsaaNnni| 2. mUlagotra sughar3a - sughar3a, saMDAsiyA, karaNA, tulA, lerkhaa| 3. mUlagotra luMga - luMga, caMDAliyA, bhAkhariyA, boharAdi 4. mUlagotra gaTiyA - gaTiyA, TIvANI, kAjaliyA, rAMNota upakeza gacchIya AcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita anya 18 gotra nimnAnusAra hai| 1. mUlagotra Arya - luNAvata, saMghavI, sindhudd'aa| 2. mUlagotra kAma 3. mUlagotra garuDa - ghADAvala, caapdd'| 4. mUlagotra sAlecA boharA, jodhAvata, banAvala, gAMdhI, koTArI, pATaNiyA, caudhrii| 5. mUlagotra bAgarecA sonI, saMghi, jaaloraa| 6. mUlagotra copar3A - kuMkumacopar3A, dhUpiyA, kukar3A, gaNadharacopar3A, jAvaliyA, blvraa| 7. mUlagotra saphalA boharA, sAMDiyA, jAlorA, koTArI, bhlbhlaa| 8. mUlagotra nakSatra ghIyA, saMghavI, sNjaacii| 9. mUlagotra Amar3a - kAMkarecA, kuberiyA, paTavA, caudharI, koThArI, sAMbhariyA, sNghimehtaa| 10. mUlagotra chAvata - koNejA, gahIyAlA, leheriyA, cohAna / 11. mUlagotra tuMDa - bAgamAra, phalodiyA, harasorA, tAlA, sAcA1. zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA, itihAsa kI amarabela - osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 164 2. vahI, pU164 For Private and Personal Use Only

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171 sNdhi| 12. mUlagotra pacholiyA - boharA, rUpAvata, nAgaurI 13. mUlagotra hathuDiyA - chapaniyA, rAtar3iyA, gauDa, rANAvata / 14. mUlagotra maMDovarA - ratnaputra, boharA, kottaarii| 15. mUlagotra gudevA - gagoliyA, vaagaannii| 16. mUlagotra chAjer3a - saMghavI, nakhA, caavaa| 17. mUlagotra rAkhecA - puMgaliyA, pAvecA, dhaamaannii| ina gotroM kA udbhavakAla 7vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA gayA / ye sabhI kSatriya rAjapUta the / ratnaprabhasUri ne 18 kSatriya jAtiyoM ko pratibodha dekara jaina banAyA, kintu paravartI upakeza gaccha ke AcAryoM ne vibhinna rAjapUta jAtiyoM ko pratibodha dekara osavAla banAkara gotra kA nAmakaraNa diyaa|' gotra AdipuruSa pUrvajAti grAma pratibodhaka vi.sa. AcArya 1. Arya rAva gausala bhATI aTavaDa devaguptasuri 684 2. chAjer3a rAva kAjala rAThoDa zivagar3ha siddhasUri 942 3. rAkhecA rAvarAkhecI bhATI kAlera devaguptasUri 878 4. kAga pRthvIdhara cauhAna dhAmAgrAma kakkasUri 1011 5. garur3a mahArAya cauhAna satyapura siddhasUri 1043 6. sAlecA sAlamasiMha solaMkI pATTaNa siddhasUri 912 7. vAgarecA gajasiMha cauhAna vAgarA kakkasUri 1009 8. kuMkuma aDakamala rAThor3a kanauja devaguptasUri 885 9.saphlA lAkhaNasi cauhAna jAlora siddhasUri 144 10. nakSatra madanapAla - rAThor3a vaTavADAgrAma kakkasUri 994 11. Abhar3a rAvaAbhar3a cauhAna sAMbhara kakkasUri 1079 12. chAvata rAvachAhaDa paMvAra dhArAnagarI siddhasUri 1073 13. la~Da sUryamala laiMDagrAma siddhasUri 933 14. pIccholiyA vAsudeva gauDa pAlhaNapura devaguptasUri 1204 15. hAthur3iyA rAu abhaya rAThoDa hathuDi devaguptasUri 1191 16. maMDovarA devarAja paDihAra maMDora siddhasUri 935 17. mala malavarAva rAThoDa kheDagrAma siddhasUri 949 18. guMdecA rAva lAdhI paDihAra pAvAgar3ha devasUri 1026 __ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke 48veM paTTadhara AcAyai nanaprabhasUri osavAla saMvat 15281574 ne hajAroM ajaina kSatriyoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kara mahAjana saMgha kI vRddhi kii| ye gautra haiMsudyecA koThatrI koDiyA kapUriyA dhAkar3a dhUvagolA nAgagelA nAra seThiyA dhAkaTa mathurA sonecA makavANa phitUriyA khAliyA 1. zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtoDiyA. itihAsa kI amarabela, prathama khaNDa, 165 cauhAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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172 sukhiyA DAgaliyA pANDugola posAlecA bAkIliyA sahAtretI nAgaNA khImANadiyA vaDerA jogaNecA sonANAM Ar3ecA ciMcar3A nivaattaa| AcArya bhAvadevasUri ne vi.saM 912 meM bAThiyA jAti ko Abu ke pAsa paramA nAma ke gAMva ke rAva mAdhudevAdi ko pratibodhita kara jaina bnaayaa|' AcArya kRSNArSi ne nAgapura meM nArAyaNa nAmaka seTha jo brAhmaNadharma pAlatA thA, usane jaina dharma svIkAra kara use baraDiyA gotra diyaa|' saMghI ko muni zrI jJAnasundara ne paMvAra rAjapUta mAnA hai| nanavANA boharA kA nAmakaraNa naMdavANA gAMva ke AdhAra para huaa| vi.saM 332 meM AcArya dharmaghoSa sUri vihAra karate hue ajayagar3ha ke Asa-pAsa jyeSTApura meM padhAre taba paMvAra rAyasUra ko pratibodha dekara jaina bnaayaa| rAva sUra kI saMtAna hone ke kAraNa ye surANA khlaae| vi.saM 332 meM AcArya dharmaghoSa sUri baNathali nagara meM padhAre, vahA~ ke cauhAna rAja pRthvIpAlAdi ko pratibodha dekara vidhi vidhAna se jaina bnaayaa| ye bhaNavaTa jAti khlaaii|' muni zrI jJAnasundara jI ke anusAra kaI bhAroM ne bhaNavaToM ke liye eka kathita khyAta banA rahI hai ki saMvat 910 meM pATTaNa ke cauhAna bhUrasiMha ne rAjA kA roga miTAkara jaina banAyA, usa bhUrasiMha kI saMtAna bhaNavaTa khlaaii| yaha kathana sarvathA mithyA hai, kAraNa avvala to pAraNa meM kisI samaya cauhAnoM kA rAja hI nahIM rahA aura na pAraTaNa kI rAjadhAnI meM bhUrasiMha nAma kA koI rAjA hI huaa| yaha upakezagaccha kAlAMtara meM kamalAgaccha kahA gyaa| isa gaccha kI pozAle- rAjasthAna ke vividha sthAnoM para pAI jAtI hai| anya gacchoM dvArA pratibodhita gotra koraMTa gaccha ke AcAryoM ne 34 osavAla gotroM ko pratibodhita kiyA - mANDota, sundhecA, dhruvagotA, rAtar3iyA, botharA (bacchAvata), mukIma, phophaliyA, koThArI, koTar3iyA, dhADivAla, dhAkar3a, nAgagotrA, nAgaseThiyA, dharakaTa, khIMvasarA, sonecA, 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, uttarArddha, pR 1498 2. vahI, pR 1499 3. vahI, pR 1500 4. vahI, pR 1501 5. vahI, pR 1501 6. vahI, pR102 7. vahI, pR1502 8. vahI, pR1502 9. jaina jAti mahodaya, pR82 For Private and Personal Use Only

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173 makavANA, phIturiyA, sabiyA, sukhiyA, saMkalecA, DAgaliyA, pAMDugotA, posAlecA, sahAcetI. nAgaNa, khImANadiyA, baDerA, jogaNecA, sonAr3A, jAr3ecA, ciMcar3A, kapuriyA, nivAMDA aura baakuliyaa| zrI koThArI ne mAnA hai ki koraMTa gacchAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne 1175 vi.saM meM cauhAna lakhamajI ko saMkhavAla sthAna para pratibodhita kara saMkalecA gotra kI sthApanA kii| vRhata tapAgaccha/nAgapuriyA tapAgaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA pratibodhita gotra jaina jAti mahodaya' ke anusAra nimnAMkita osavaMza ke gotra vRhada tapAgaccha/nAgapuriyA tapAgaccha dvArA pratibodhita hue 1. moTaloNi, naulakhA, bhuutedd'iyaa| 2. pIpAr3A, hIraNa, gogar3a, shiishodiyaa| 3. rUNabAla, begaannii| 4. hIMgar3a, liNgaa| 5. rAyasonI 6. jhAmar3a, jhAbaka 7. chalANI, chajalANI, goDAvata 8. hIrADa, kelANi 9. gokharU, caudharI 10. rAjaboharA 11. choriyA, sAmar3A 12. zrI zrImAla 13. dUgar3a 14. loDhA 15. suriyAmaNa 16. jogar3a, nakSatra 17. nAhara 18. jdd'iyaa| ina 18 gotroM kI vaMzAvalI kharAr3I, baluMdo aura nAgaura ke tapAgacchIya sAdhu likhate haiN| isake atirikta varaDiyA baradiyA varahuDiyA vAMThIyA cAmar3a, kavAr3a zAhA lakhAvata lAlANi gAMdhI rAjagaMdhI vedagAMdhI sarApha luMkaDa buraDA sAMI munota goliyA AstevAla kacholA maraDocA sIlarecA mAdarecA lolecA bhAlA vinAyakiyA koTArI mInI khaTola caudharI solaMkI AMcaliyA goThI chatrIyA DaphariyA gujarANI Adi jAtiyAM tapAgaccha se jur3I hai| / 1.jaina jAti mahodaya, pR83-84 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #203
boharA deDiyA 174 AMcala gacchopAsaka osavaMza ke gotra / gAlhA ApAgota buhaDa kaTAriyA ratanapurA koTecA subhAdA nAgar3a mIThar3iyA vaDorA gaMdhI devanaMdA gotamagottA dostI (DosI) sonIgarA kAMTIyA hariyA borecA syAlA aura gharabelA Adi gotra aura inase nikale gotroM kA gaccha AMcalagaccha hai| maladhAra gacchopAsaka gotra pagariyA, koTArI, baMba, bhaMga, gIrIyA, gehalar3A, caMDAliyA, khiiNvsraa| punamiyA gacchopAsaka gotra' sAMDa, sIyAla, sAlecA aura punamivA / nANAvAla gacchopAsaka gotra' raNadhIra, kaTArI, DhaDhDhA, zrIpati, tilerA, aura kaavdd'iyaa| surANA gacchopAsaka gotra surANA, sAMkhalA, vaNavara, bhiTaDiyA sonI, ustavAla, khaTor3a, nAhara / pallivAla gacchopAsaka gotra' __ dhoravA, boharA, DuMgaravAla, Adi gotra pallivAla / kaMdasAgara gacchopAsaka gotra khAbiyA, gaMga, baMba, dudher3iyA aura kttotiyaa| sAMDerA gacchopAsaka gotra gugaliyA, bhaNDArI, catura, dhArolA, kAMkarecA, boharA, dudher3iyA, shishodiyaa| 1. jaina jAti mahodaya, pR 84 2. vahI, pR84 2. vahI, pR84 4. vahI, pR85 5. vahI, pR85 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #204
175 aMcala gaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) aMcala gacchAcAryoM meM AcArya jayasiMha sUri, dharmaghoSa sUri, mahendrasUri, siMhaprabhasUri, ajitadevasUri Adi prabhAvika AcArya ho gaye haiM, unhoMne bhI hajAroM ajainoM ko jaina banAkara mahAjana saMgha kI khUba unnati kI thii| yaha jAtiyAM haiM1. gAlha 2. athagotA / 3. buhar3a 4. subhadrA 5. boharA 6. siyAla 7. kaTAriyA, korecA, ratnapurA, boharA 8. nADayola 9. miTaDiyA boharA 10. gharavelA 11. vaDera 12. godhI 13. devAnaMdA 14. gotamagota 15. DosI 16. sonIgarA 17. koTiyA 18. hariyA 19. deDiyA 20. borecA ina jAtiyoM kA vivaraNa jAmanagara ke paNDita haMsarAja hIrAlAla ke pAsa hai| maladhAra gaccha (1528 - 1574 osavAla saMvat) isa gaccha meM pUrNacaMda sUri, devAnaMdasUri, nAracaMdrasUri, devAnandasUri, nAracaMda sUri, tilakasUri Adi mahAn pratAyI AcArya hue| ina AcAryoM ne bhUbhramaNa kara hajAroM jainettaroM ko pratibodha zrAvaka bnaayaa| yaha gautra haiM - 1. pagAriyA (goliyA, koThArI, saMghI) 2. koThArI 3. gIriyA 4. bamba 5. gaMga 6. gehalar3A 7.khIMvasarA pUrNiyAgaccha (1528-1574) osavAla saMvat isa gaccha meM mahAn vidvAna evaM prabhAvika AcArya hue, jisameM caMdrasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, muniratnasUri, somatilaka sUri Adi AcArya hue| unhoMne bhI hajAroM jainettaroM ko upadeza dekara jaina banAkara mahAjana saMgha kI khUba vRddhi kii| gautra nimnAnusAra hai1. sAva 2. siyAla 3. sAlecA 4. punamiyA 5. meghANI 6. ghneraa| nANAvala gaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, uttarArddha, 11504 2. vahI, 41504 3. vahI,91504 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #205
176 isa gaccha meM kaI prabhAvika AcArya hae jisameM AcArya zAMtisari siddhasari aura devaprabhasUri Adi hue| inhoMne bihAra ke daurAna aneka ajainoM ko jaina banAkara nUtana jAtiyAM bnaaii|' ye gautra haiM 1. raNadhIrA- 2. kAvar3iyA 3. DhaDhDhA zrIpati- talerA 4. koThArI surANA gaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) isa gaccha meM dharmaghoSasUri Adi AcArya hue jinhoMne aneka ajainoM ko jaina bnaayaa| 1. surANA 2. sAMkhalA 3. bhaNavaTa 4. miDhaDiyA 5. sonI 6. ustavAla 7. khaTora 8. nAhara surANA gaccha ke mahAtmA nAgaura ke gopIcaMda jI haiN| pallIvAla gaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) ___ isa gaccha meM kaI prabhAvika AcArya hue jaise, AcArya yazobhadrasUri, pradyobhnasUri, abhayadevasUri vgairh| inhoMne kaI ajainoM ko jaina bnaayaa| ye gautra haiM 1. ghokhA 2. boharA 3. DUMgaravAla kaMdarasAgaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) isa gaccha meM AcArya puNyavardhana, mahendrasUri Adi kaI prabhAvika AcArya hue haiN| inhoMne aneka jainettaroM ko jaina banAyA', jaise 1. khAbar3iyA, 2. gaMga 3. bamba baMga 4. dUdhoDiyA 5. kttotiyaa| sAr3erAva gaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) __isa gaccha meM AcArya IzvarasUri, yazobhadrasUri, sumatisUri, zAMtisUri vagairaha mahAn pratibhAzAlI AcArya hue jinhoMne bahuta se jainettaroM ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dekara mahAjana saMgha meM zAmila kiyA: 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, uttarArddha, pR 1504 2. vahI, pR 1504 3. vahI, pR1505 4. vahI, pR 1505 5. vahI, pR 1505 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #206
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. guMgaliyA 4. dudhoDiyA 7. boharA 2. bhaNDArI 5. ghArolA 8. zIzodamA kharataragacchIya mahAtmA bhI likhate haiM / www.kobatirth.org vRhadatra pAgaccha ( osavAla saMvat 1528 - 1574 ) 11. pagAriya 13. solaMkI 15. kaccha 17. soleca 19. kharola 21. sarAdha 23. bhinna 25. goliyA 27. gorI 29. lolecA yaha vaMzAvaliyA kharataragaccha ko de dI gaI / aba inakI vaMzAvaliyA Asopa ke 14. gujarANa 16. morar3aye 18. koThArI 20. vinAyakiyA 22. lokar3a 24. AMcaliyA 26. osavAla 28. mAdareca 30. mAlA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa gaccha meM mahAn prabhAvika AcArya hue, jaise jagaccandra sUri, devIcandra sUri, dharmaghoSa sUri, somaprabhasUri, somAtilaka sUri, devIdasundara sUri, muni sundara sUri, ratnAzIrAsUri, Adi / inhoMne aneka ajainoM ko jaina banAkara mahAjana saMgha meM zAmila kiyA', jaise 1. . varaDiyA, varadiyA bahudAna 2. baMThiyA, kavAr3azAha, harakhAtara 4. DaphariyA 3. chariyA 5. lalavANI 6. gAMdhI, vaidyagAMdhI, rAjagAMdhI 7. khajAMcI 8. buraDa 9. saMghavI 10. munoyata 12. caudharI 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, uttarArddha, pR 1505 3. catura 6. kAMkareca For Private and Personal Use Only 177

Page #207
178 nAgapuriyA tapAgaccha (osavAla saMvat 1528-1574) isa gaccha meM candrasUri, vAdidevasUri, padmasUri, prasannacandrasUri, guNasundara sUri, vijayazikhara sUri Adi mahAprabhAvika AcArya hue| inhoMne lAkhoM ko jainadharmI banAkara mahAjana saMgha kI khUba vRddhi kii| ina zrAvakoM kI kaI jAtiyAM bana gii| - jaise 1. gohalANI, navalakhA, bhuutedd'iyaa| 2. pIpAr3A, hIraNa, gogar3a, zizodiyA 3. rUlIvAla, begaannii| 4. higdd-liNgaa| 5. raamsonii| 6. jhAbaka, jhmdd'| 7. chalANI, chajalANI, ghodd'aavl| 8. hIrAU kelaannii| 9. gokharU, caudhrii| 10. jogdd'| 11. choriyA, saamdd'aa| 12. loddhaa| 13. sUriyA, miitthaa| bhAvahar3AgacchopAsaka gotra DAgA, mAlU, aaghriyaa| citravAla gacchopAsaka gotra __ bhaMDazAlI, alaMjhar3A, araNodA citrvaal| caityavAsI gacchopAsaka gotra ravArA, khArIvAla, lUniyA, nibar3iyA, maMtrI, sUramA caityvaasii| pIpalagacchopAsaka pIpalA, pItaliyA, songraa| jainAcAryoM dvArA pratibodha (abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para) zilAlekhoM dvArA jainAcAryoM ke pratibodhita gotroM ke saMdarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarvAdhika pratibodhana/udbodhana kharataragacchAcAryoM ne kiyaa| varddhamAna sUri- kharataragaccha ke janaka zrI jinezvara sUri ke guru evaM prAkRta graMtha 'kuvalayamAlA' ke racayitA udyotanasUri ke ziSya varddhamAna sUri ne vi.saM 1026 meM saMcetI gotra kI, 1072 meM laDhA mAhezvarI gotra ko pratibodhita kara loDhA gotra kI, saMvat 1972-73 meM pIpAr3a nagara meM karmacaMda gahalota ko pratibodhita kara pIpAr3A gotra ke udbhava meM yoga diyaa| jinezvarasari- jinezvarasUri (vi.saM 1061-33) ne zrIpati DhaDhA, tilerA, bhANasAlI gotroM kI sthApanA kii| inhoMne vi.saM 1076 meM dillI meM sonagarAcauhAna rAjAko pratibodhita kara sucaMtI (sahacintI) gotra kI sthApanA kI / yati rAmalAla jI ke anusAra sucantI gotra kI 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, uttarArddha, pR 1503 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #208
179 utpatti jinezvarasUri ke guru varddhamAna sUri dvArA huii| jinezvarasUri ke pratibodha se lodravA (jaisalamera) ke bhATI nareza ko pratibodhita kara bhaNasAlI (bhaMsAlI, bhanasAlI) gotra kI prasthApanA kii| jodhapura ke munisuvrata svAmI ke maMdira ke talaghara meM isa gotra kI utpatti kA patA calatA hai| zrI pUrNacaMda nAhara ne 'jaina lekhasaMgraha' bhAga 3 meM eka patra (bIkAnera ke upAdhyAya paM jayacaMdra gaNI se prApta) ke anusAra lodravA ke sAgara rAjA ke do putra zrIdhara aura rAjadhara jinezvarasUri se pratibodha pAkara jaina hue aura bhaNasAlI khlaae| jinezvarasUri ne 1101 vi.saM meM solaMkI rAjapUta govinda ko nANA grAma meM pratibodhita kara zrIpati gotra kI saMsthApanA kii| abhayadeva sUri - 1072-1135 vi.saM ne khelasI pagariyA aura mer3atavAla gotroM kI sthApanA kii| brAhmaNagotrIya zaMkaradAsa ko saMvat 1111 meM pratibodhita kara pagAriyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| inake vaMzajoM kI pagAriyA, mer3atavAla aura khetasI kI tIna zAkhAeM clii| goliyA isI pagariyA gotra kI zAkhA hai| hemacaMdrasUri - hemacaMdrasUri ne sAMkhalA, surANA, siyAla, sAMDa, sAlecA aura punamiyA gotroM kI sthApanA kii| inhoMne siddhapura meM mUrajI ko pratibodhita kara surANA gotra kI sthApanA kii| sUrajI ke bhAiyoM meM saMkhajI se sAMkhalA gotra, sAvala jI se siyAla gotra sAMvalajI ke putra sukhA meM sukhANI aura pUnama se punamiyA gotra sthApita hue| sAMvala jI ke putra ne sAMDa ko pachAr3A, isase sAMDa gotra sthApita huaa| jinavallabhasUri-jinavallabhasUri vi.saM 1156-1177 ne copar3A, guNadhara, baDera, kukar3a, sAMDa, bauThiyA, lalavANI, baramecA, harakhAvata, mallAvata, sAha, solaMkI, kAMkariyA, aura siMghI Adi gotroM kI sthApanA kii| inhoMne saMvat 1142 meM kSatriya bhImasiMha ko kAMkarola meM pratibodha dekara kAMkariyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| vi.saM 1156 meM maNDora ke parihAra zAsana nAharadeva ko pratibodhita kara kukar3a gotra (putra kA nAma kukkar3a deva thA) kI sthApanA navanIta copar3ane se huA, isaliye kukar3a copar3A khlaayaa| kAyastha maMtrI guNadhara ne rAjapUta ke navanIta cupar3A thA isaliye yaha gotra guNadhara copar3A khlaayaa| guNadhara copar3A ke vaMza meM gAMdhI kA vyavasAya karane se gAMdhI hue| gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hI vIsalapura meM cauhAna rAjapUta dUgar3a sUgar3a ko pratibodhita karane se dUgar3a sUgar3a gotra kI sthApanA huii| 1177 vi.saM meM paMvAra kSatriyA pRthvIpAla dhAra nagarI meM bahuphaNa zatrujaya kA maMtra prApta karane se bahuphaNA gotra kI sthApanA kI vi.saM 1167 meM raNathambhaura ke paramAra kSatriya lAlasiMha ko pratibodha dekara saba ko jaina bnaayaa| bar3e putra bayoddhAra se baMTha gotra, choTe putra lAlaNI se lalavANI gotra, putra udayasiMha ke vaMza zAha upAdhi se zAha hue aura malle putra se mallAvata hue| paMvAra lAlasiMha ke putra brahmadeva ke nAma se brahmecA (baramecA) gotra kI sthApanA huii| zrI koThArI ke anusAra yaha vizvasanIya hai ki bAMThiyA gotra kI sthApanA jinavallabhasUri ne kii| isI vaMza meM 1644 meM harakhAjI se harakhAvala 1. sohanalAla koThArI, osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR208 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #209
180 gotra huA, paMvAra lAlasiMha ke putra malla ke nAma se mallAvata gotra kI sthApanA huii| inhoMne vi.saM 364 meM sirohI meM nanavANA boharA vijayAnaMda ko pratibodhita kara siNghii| siMghavI gotra kI sthApanA kii| 1784 vi.saM meM zatrujaya kA bar3A saMgha nikAlA isaliye siMghavI kahalAe / ravImasara meM cauhAna dabImasI ko pratibodhita kara ravImajI gotra kI sthApanA kii| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki jinavallabhasUri dvArA hI solaMkI rAjapUta bhaMDasAla ko pratibodhita kara bhaMsAlI gotra kI sthApanA kii| jinadattasUri- jinadattasUri vi.saM 1130-1211 khaNDavA, pATevA, TauMTiyA, koThArI, borer3a,khImasarA, samadAriyA, kaThotiyA, ratnapurA, kaTAriyA, lAnavANI, DAgA, mAlA, momU, seThI, seThiyA, raMka, bokazaMkA, bAMkA, sAlecA, pUgaliyA, coraDiyA, sAvaNasukhA, golecchA, lUniyA, caNDAliyA, Ater3A, khaTola, gar3avANI, mer3atiyA, aura pokaraNA Adi gotroM kI sthApanA kii| ____ 1152 vi.saM meM aNahilapura ke goThI (vyakti) ko prabodhita kara goThI gotra kI sthApanA kii| 1156 vi.saM meM kAyastha maMtrI guNadhara kI vaMza paramparA meM hI maNDora AcArya zrI jinadattasUri dvArA pratibodhita jAlora ke modI haiN| jodhapura ke mahArAja ajItasiMha ne inheM modI kI upAdhi dii| 1156 vi.saM meM parihAra kUkar3adeva maNDora meM pratibodhita hokara kUkar3a caupar3a copar3A khlaae| 1169 vi.saM meM DeDUjI kSatriya ko pratibodhita kara dhAr3A (DAkA) DAlane ke kAraNa dhAr3IvAla khlaae| DeDUjI kI chaThI pIr3hI meM sA~valajI hue, isasa TATiyA zAkhA niklii| 1175 vi.saM meM aMbAgar3ha meM paramAra boraDa ko AcArya zrI jinadattasUri ne pratibodhita kara boraDa gotra kI sthApanA kii| 1177 vi.saM meM dhAra meM bahuphaNA/bAphaNA gotra ke hI paMvAra jayapAla pratibodhita hokara nAhaTA khlaae| yuddha meM nA haTane ke kAraNa nAhaTA khlaae| _ vi.saM 1176 meM kaccha meM paramAra gadAdhara ko pratibodhita kara gadA gotra kI sthApanA kI aura yahIM se Age calakara karaNiyA (keniyA) gotra bnaa| yaha gotra kaccha pradeza meM phaila gyaa| kaThautI grAma ke eka brAhmaNa ko pratibodhita kara AcArya jinadattasUri jI ne vi.saM 1176 meM kaThotiyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| kaThotI grAma se kaThotiyA gotra bnaa| _ vi.saM 1182 meM ratanapura ke cauhAna dhanapAla ko pratibodhita kara AcArya zrI jinadattasUri jI ne ratanapurA kaTAriyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| vi.saM 1185 meM pAlI ke nikaTa eka grAma meM gaur3a kSatriya rAMkA bAMkA ko pratibodhita kara rAMkA bAMkA gotra kI sthApanA kii| bAda meM pATana nareza dAna dene ke kAraNa ne rAMkA ko seTha aura choTe bhAI bAMkA ko seThiyA kI padavI se sammAnita kiyaa| vi.saM 1187 meM lodravA (jaisalamera) meM bhATI kalhaNa ko pratibodhita kara AcArya jinadattasUri ne rAkhecA gotra kI sthApanA kii| karnala TADa ke anusAra bhATI rAjA ke haTa ke vaMza For Private and Personal Use Only

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181 meM Alana huA / Alana ke cAra putroM - devasI, tripAla, bhavAnI aura rAkhecA hue, rAkhecA ke nAma se rAkhecA gotra kI sthApanA tarka saMgata lagatI hai| rAkhecA ke putra puMgala meM base, usase puMgaliyA gotra kI sthApanA huI / 1192 vi.saM meM rAThaur3a kharahattha coraDiyA gAMva meM AcArya zrI jinadattasUri ne pratibodhita kara coraDiyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| coraDiyA gAMva jodhapura - jaisalamera (tahasIla zeragar3ha) mArga meM sthita hai / vi.saM 1192 meM hI baccharAja rAThaur3a ko pratibodhita kara golecchA gotra kI sthaapnaakii| kharahattha ke dUsare putra bhaiMsAzAha aura phira bhaiMsAzAha ke dUsare putra gelojI aura gelojI baccharAja ko gelabacchA kahate the, usI se golechA gotra kA nAmakaraNa pdd'aa| bhaiMsAzAha ke bar3e putra kuMvara jI rAThaur3a ko pratibodhita kara cittaur3a meM sAvaNasukhA gotra kI sthApanA kii| usane eka bA bhaviSyavANI kI ki sAvana sUkhA hai, bhAdo harA hai, usI se sAvaNasukhA gotra bnaa| kharahattha siMha ke pautra senahattha (pyAra se gaddAzAha) se kharataragacchAcArya zrI jinadattasUri pratibodhita kara dhaiyA (gaddAhiyA ) gotra kI sthApanA / vi.saM 1192 meM Ahar3a meM rAThaur3a pAzujI ko pratibodhita kara pArakha gotra kI sthApanA kii| pAzu bhaiMsAzAha kA cauthA putra thA / pAzu hIroM kA pArakhI thA, isakA gotra pArakha khlaayaa| mulatAna meM mUMdhar3A mAhezvarI dhIMgar3amala ko pratibodhita kara vi.saM 1192 meM pratibodhita kara lUniyA gotra kI sthApanA kI / dhIMgar3amala ke putra lUNA ko pratibodhita karane ke kAraNa yaha gotra lUNiyA kahalAyA / vi.saM 1196 meM bhaNsAla meM bhAdojI bhATI ko pratibodhita kara bhaMsAlI gotra kI sthApanA kii| bhAToM aura kulaguruoM kI prAcIna bahiyoM ke anusAra to jinezvarasUri jI ne bhaMsAlI gotra kI sthApanA kI, kintu jodhapura ke muni suvrata svAmI ke jaina maMdira ke talaghara meM saMrakSita zAstrabhaNDAra ke eka prAcInapatra ke anusAra jinadattasUri ne bhaNsola nagarI ke bhATI bhAdojI ko pratibodhita kara bhaMsAlI gotra kI sthApanA kii| isameM kahA gayA hai: - "zrI pUjyajI zrI jinadatta sUrijI pratibodhyA bhATI bhAdojI gAMva bhaNasola nagarI se rAja karatA thA / " isameM vistAra se aMkita hai ki kauna kahA~ basA / vi.saM 1197 meM vikramapura meM sonagarA rAjapUta hIrasena ko pratibodhita kara DosI gotra kI aura vikramapura meM hI cauhAna rAjapUta pIulA ko pratibodhita kara pIthaliyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| ThAkura ne apanA doSa svIkAra karane ke kAraNa dosI gotra par3A aura pIulA nAma se pIthaliyA gotra kI sthApanA huii| inhoMne delavAr3A meM kSatriya bohittha ko pratibodhita kara botharA (bohittharA ) gotra kI sthApanA huaa| botharA gotra meM hI bacchAjI se bacchAvata gotra huaa| vi.saM 1198 meM siMdha meM bhATI abhayasiMha ko pratibodhita kara AyariyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| nadI meM pAnI A rahA thA, rAjA ne kahA, "AyariyA hai|' isI se AcArya ne AyariyA gotra kI saMjJA de dii| isI ke vaMza meM satrahavIM pIr3hI meM lUNAzAha se lUNAvata gotra kA nAma pdd'aa| vi.saM 1201 meM khATU meM buddhaviMha cauhAna ko pratibodhita kara khATU ke nAma se khATer3a gotra kI sthApanA kI / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 182 vi.saM 1201 meM AcArya jinadattasUri jI ne hI rUNa gAMva meM soDhA kSatriya vegA ko pratibodhita kara rUNa gAMva ke nAma se rUNavAla gotra kI sthApanA kii| rAThI mAhezvarI bhAbhU ko ratanapura meM pratibodha dekara kharataragacchAcArya jinadattasUri ne gotra kI sthApanA kI / ratanapura meM hI rAThI mAhezvarI mAlhade ko pratibodhita kara jinadattasUri mAlU gotra kI sthApanA kii| AcArya zrI jinadattasUrijI ne bhAkharI (ajamera ke pAsa) gAMva meM gar3avA nAmaka rAThaur3a ko pratibodhita kara gar3avANI gotra kii| jinadattasUri jI ne hI puSkara meM sakalasiMha rAThaur3a ko pratibodhita kara pokaraNA gotra kI sthApanA kii| puSkarajI ke nAma se yaha gotra pokaraNA kahalAyA / jinacaMdrasUri - zrI jinacaMdrasUri (vi. saM 397 - 143) ne AchariyA, chAjer3a, mintrI, khajAMcI, bhUgaMDI, zrImAla, sAlecA, dUgar3a - sUgar3a, zekhANI, koThArI, AlAvata, polAvata Adi gotroM kI sthApanA kii| vi.saM 1215 meM sivAnA meM rAThaur3a jAti ke kAgana ko pratibodhita kara chAjer3a gotra kI sthApanA kii| AcArya zrI dvArA maMtrita vAsakSepa karane se chajje svarNamaya dikhAI diye, jisase chAjer3a gotra kA nAmakaraNa pdd'aa| kAjala se kAjalota chAjer3a kahalAe / vi.saM 1216 meM maNidhArI zrI jinacaMdra sUri ne devIkoTa meM kAMdhala (pUrvajAti ajJAta) ko pratibodhita kara khajAMcI minI gotra kI sthApanA kii| ye bohare kA vyApAra karate the isaliye kAMdhala boharA khlaae| isa parivAra ke puruSa jAMjaNajI ke putra rAmasiMha jI ko bIkAnera mahArAjA khajAMcI kA kA sauMpA, isaliye ye khajAMcI khlaae| isa vyakti ke eka vyakti ne siMdha ne mUMgar3I kA vyApAra kiye, isaliye mUMgar3I bhI khlaae| vi.saM 1217 meM AcArya zrI jinacaMdrajI ne siyAlakoTa meM daDyA sAlamasiMha ko pratibodhita kara sAlecA boharA gotra kI sthApanA kii| zrI jinacaMdrasUri ne mohipura meM gaMgasiMha paramAra ko pratibodhita kara gAMga gotra kI sthApanA kI / nArAyaNasiMha ke 16 putra the / 16 putroM se 16 gotra hue| gaMgA ke putra gAMga, mohivAla ke vaMzaja mohivAla, gaDiyA ke putra gaDiyA hue| ye 16 gotra haiM- gAMga, pAlAvata, dudheriyA, mohIvAla, gir3iyA (gar3iyA), bAMbha, goDhavAr3a, tharAvatA, khuraghA, paTavA, gopa, ToDaravAla, bhATiyA, AlAvata aura vIrAvata hue / jinacaMdrasUri jI ke pratibodha se ratanapura ke mAhezvarI rAThI mAhezvarI aura khetAsara gAMva ke rAThI mAhezvariyoM se rIhar3a gotra sthApita huaa| jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) - jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) ne vi.saM 1313 meM ne saMkhavAla grAma meM cauhAna kocarazAha ko pratibodhita kara saMkhalecA gotra kI sthApanA kI / inhoMne hI solaMkI kumArapAla ko pratibodhita kara tilerA gotra kI sthApanA kii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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183 jinakuzalasUri - zrI jinakuzalasUri jI (vi.saM 1330-1389) ne bAvelA, saMghavI, jar3iyA aura DAgA Adi goMtroM kI sthApanA kii| vi.saM 1371 meM bAvelA grAma meM cauhAna raNadhIra ko pratibodhita kara bAvelA gotra kI, vi.saM 1381 meM nADaula meM cauhAna DUMgAjI ko pratibodhita kara DAgA gotra kI sthApanA kii| jinabhadrasUri - zrI jinabhadrasUri ne vi.saM 1475 meM jhAbuA meM rAThaur3a jhaMvare ko pratibodhita kara bhAvaka gotra kI sthApanA kI aura zrI mAMgIlAla bhUter3iyA ke anusAra vi.saM 1478 meM inhoMne bhaNDArI gotra kI sthApanA kii| jinahaMsasUri - zrI jinahasasUri ne vi.saM 1552 meM khajavANA meM khIMcI giradhArI ko pratibodhita kara gelar3A (gehalar3A) gotra kI sthApanA kii| giradhArI jI ke putra kA nAma gelAjI thA, isaliye isa gotra kA nAma gelar3A pdd'aa| raviprabhasUri - rUdrapallI kharataragacchAcArya zrI raviprabhasUrijI ne devar3AcauhAna lAkhana ko bar3anagara meM vi.saM 1172 meM pratibodhita kara loDhA gotra kI sthApanA kii| loMde jaisA putra hone ke kAraNa yaha loDhA khlaae| mAnadevasUri - kharataragaccha mAnadevasUri ne mahAnagara meM paMvAra rAjapUta AsadhIra ko pratibodhita kara nAhara gotra kI sthApanA kii| AsadhIra ko khoyA putra nAhara ke pAsa milA, isaliye gotra kA nAma nAhara rkhaa| jayaprabhasUri - isI gaccha ke jayaprabhasUri ne chajalAnI aura ghor3Avata gotroM kI sthApanA kii| saMDeragaccha-yazobhadrasUri kharataragaccha ke atirikta anyagaccha ke AcAryoM meM saMDeragaccha ke yazobhadrasUri ne 11vIM zatAbdI meM nADola meM dArAba ko pratibodhita kara bhaNDArI gotra kI sthApanA kii| dArAba khajAne kA bhaNDAgArika thA, isaliye yaha gotra bhaNDArI khlaayaa| guhaNotoM kI khyAta ke anusAra kher3a meM tapAgaccha ke yati zrI zivasena se pratibodhita mohana ko pratibodhita kara mohanota (muhaNauta, muNota) gotra kI sthApanA kii| zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA ke anusAra muhaNota gotra vAle apanI vaMza paramparA rAThaur3a rAvasiMha jI se milAte haiN| sIhAjI kA putra AsapAla thA, usakA putra dhuhaDa, tatputra rAyapAla huA aura rAyapAla kA dUsarA putra mohana thaa| isI kI bIsavIM pIr3hI meM prasiddha itihAsakAra naiNasI hue| koraTagacchAcArya-ratnaprabhasUri koraMTagacchAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne saMkhavAla ne cauhAna lakhamasI ko vi.saM 1175 meM pratibodhita kara saMkhavAla gotra kI sthApanA kii| bAppabhaTTasUri - zrI mIjIlAla bhUter3iyA ke anusAra AcArya bANabhaTTasUri (vi.saM 1. zrI mAMgIlAla bhUter3iyA, itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama, pR 168 For Private and Personal Use Only

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184 800-895) ne AmarAjA ko pratibodhita kiyaa| isameM eka rAnI ke putra koSTAgArI the, usase koThArI gotra claa| nemicaMdrasUri - AcArya nemicaMdra sUri ne saMvat 954 meM varaDiyA gotra kI sthApanA kii| kintu zrI sohanalAla koThArI ke anusAra 954 vi.saM meM paMvAra rAjapUta lakhanajI ko pratibodhita kara varaDiyA darar3A gotra kI sthApanA kii| udyotana sUri ne vara diyA thA, isaliye yaha barDiyA gotra khlaayaa| ___1369 I ke eka zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra svayaM arbudAcala padhAre aura 1276 I ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki gautama ne kAzmIra se lauTakara vaizyoM ko jainamata meM dIkSita kiyA, isaliye mahAvIra yuga meM mahAjanavaMza ke rUpa meM osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa ho cukA thaa| isaprakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke vibhinna gacchoM ke vibhinna AcAryoM ne anavarat mukhyarUpa se kSatriyoM-rAjapUtoM aura AMzika rUpa se anya gotroM-kAyastha, mAhezvarI aura brAhmaNoM Adi ko pratibodhita kara osavaMzI bnaayaa| jainamata kA sAMskRtika saMdarbha osavaMza ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huaa| mahAvIra yuga meM hI vIrAt saMvat 70 meM mahAjana vaMza ke rUpa meM osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa huA aura mahAvIrottara yuga meM vikrama saMvat 222 meM osavaMza kA aMkuraNa phUTA aura phira Aja taka osavaMza kA pravarddhana, vikAsa aura prasAra dekha sakate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne pratyakSa aura apratyakSa rUpa se ajainoM ko jaina banAkara osavaMza ke prasphuTana meM yoga diyaa| jainamata kA sAMskRtika saMdarbha osavaMza ke zramaNoM aura zrAvakoM meM dekha sakate haiN| jainamata dvArA pratipAdita zreyaskara jIvanazailI aura jIvanamUlyoM ko AtmasAta kara osavaMzIya mahApuruSoM aura mahilAoM ne jainamata kI pratiSThA meM abhivRddhi kii| __ osavaMza ke udbhava aura vikAsako nissaMdeha jainamata ke itihAsa ke paripArzva aura pariprekSya meM rakhakara satya ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| osavaMza kA itihAsa aura jainamata kA itihAsa eka dUsare se pUrI taraha ghule mile haiN| jainadharma yadi eka nibaMrdha jharanA hai, to usake madhya bahane vAlI saritA osavaMza hai| osavaMza kI nirjhariNI jainamata se hI pravAhita huI hai| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR167 2. vahI, 1165 For Private and Personal Use Only

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185 tRtIya adhyAya osavaMza : udbhava osavAloM kA prAcIna nAma upakeza vaMza hai| upakeza vaMza ke uaiza, ukeza, ukezI, ukezIya, ukosiya aura upakeza Adi nAma milate haiN|' osavAlI bhUmi para jo nagara AbAda huA, use Usa-osa-uaiza kahA gyaa| uaiza kA rUpAntara prAkRta meM ukesa kara diyA gayA hai| ukeza aura uaisa hI saMskRta meM upakeza huA hai| 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' meM upakezapura ke liye uezapure samAyatI, upakezagaccha caritra meM 'upakezapure vAstavya' aura 'nAbhinandana jinoddhAra' meM bhI matyupakezapure' kahAgayA hai| caNDAliyAgotra ke zilAlekhava 1285 meM uezavaMza caNDAliyA gotra', pUrNacandajI zilAlekha va 480 meM 'ukezavaMza jAMghar3A gotra' aura saMkhyA 1256 meM upakezavaMza zreSThigotre kahA gayA / buddhisAgara sUri ke lekhAMka 558 meM 'uezagacche zrI siddhi sUribhi', kramAMka 1044 meM 'upakeza gacche kakkasUri santAneM" aura kramAMka 195 meM 'upakeza gacche kukundAcArya' santAneM kahA gayA hai| upakezavaMza: vyutpatti kharataragacchIya vallabhagaNi ne vi.saM. 1655 meM 'upakezavaMza' zabda kI vyutpatti para gaharAI se prakAza DAlA hai| 1. mUla zabda okezA' mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM izika dhAtu aizvaryavAcI hai aura oka kA artha ghara hai| okezA satyakA nAma se prasiddha hai| isakA artha hai aizvaryamAna logoM kA ghr| 2. Izana yAne Iza- aizvarya tathA oke- arthAt mahAdhanika zrAvaka Adi manuSyoM ke gharoM se yukta hai, aizvarya jisameM aisI okezA "osikA' nAmaka nagarI aura usa nagarI meM paidA hue gaccha kA nAma okesh| 3. oika' kA abhiprAya hai- a:- kRSNa, u:= zaMkara, kaH= brhmaa| aba ye tInoM deva jina manuSyoM dvArA Izte yAni devasvarUpa se pUjyamAna hote hue aizvarya ko prApta hoM, una manuSyoM ko okeza kahate haiN| 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, pR 129 2. vahI, pR 129 3. vahI, pR131 izika aizvarye okeSu gRheSu iSTe pUjya mAnA satI yA sA okeza, satyakA nAmnI gotra devtaa| 4. vahI, pR131 IzanamIza: aizvarya okairma hRddhika zrAddha pramukha lokAnAgR hairI zo yasyAsA okezA osikA ngrii| tatra bhava: okezaH / 5. vahI, pR 132 a: kRSNA, i: zaMkara, ko, brhmaa| eSAM dvandvasamAse okAste Izate pUjya mAnA: saMto devatvena manyamAnA saMtazca yebhyaste okeshaaH| For Private and Personal Use Only

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186 .. 4. kRSNa, brahmA aura zaMkara se jo devAdhideva arthAt zrI vardhamAna svAmI stutya kiyaa| yaha zabda obhi: se banA hai| yahAM artha hai kRNNAdhi se stutya devAdhideva kA ghr| 5. okeza meM a: kA abhiprAya arhata aura siddha hai| yahA~ abhiprAya hai, mahAvIra svAmI kA oka- gRh| tatpuruSa samAsa paraka artha huA mahAvIra svAmI kA caitya / bAda meM isakA artha huA usavardhamAna svAmI ke caitya se hai Iza- aizvarya jiskaa| okezagaNa mahAvIra svAmI ke sAnnidhya se hI vRddhi ko prApta huaa| isake atirikta bhI aneka artha sambhava hai| 1. zrI kezarIkumAra'nagAra jisa gurugaNa meM hai, usa gaNa kA nAma bhI upakeza huaa|' 2. jahA~ keza chor3e jAte haiM, muNDana saMskAra hotA hai|' 3.ka: brahmA, a: kRSNa, a:shNkr| inakA dvandva karane para kA bnaa| jisane chor3a diyA brahmA, kRSNa aura zaMbhu se keza yAne pAratIrthaka dharma aura jo tIrthakAroM ne khaa| 4. kaH sukha, I- lakSmI, ye donoM jisa dharma meM yA jisa dharma meM taddharmI manuSyoM ke svAdhIna hai, usa dharma kA nAma huA keza arthAt svAdhIna sukha sampatti vAlA dharma aura vaha dharma (jaina dharma) jisa gaccha se upa= samIpa meM ho yA jisase adhika prApta ho, usa gaccha kA nAma bhI upakezagaccha hai| 5. keza kA artha hai ka, a aura I, jisakA artha hai brahmA, viSNu aura maheza / tathA 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, pR133 mUla a: kRSNa, A brahmA, uzaMkara, eSe dvandve Avastata: omi: kRSNa: brahmA zaMkara devai: kAyate devAdhidevatvAditi oka: prastAvat zrI vardhamAna svaamii| 2. vahI, pR133 a: arhana "a: syAdarhati siddhe ca" prastAvAdiha a iti zabdena zrI varddhamAna svAmI procyte| tata: asya okA gRhaM caityamiti yaavt| oka: zrI varddhamAna svAmI caitya mityarthaH / tasmAdIza: aizvarya yasya okeza: / yato'pa gaNa: zrImahAvIratIrthaMkara sAnnidhyata: sphAti mavApoti pNcmo'rth| 3. vahI, pR 133 upa samIpe kezA: ziroruhA: santyasyeti upakeza: zrI pApityIya keshiikumaaraa'gaarH| 4. vahI, pR 134 upavarNi tAtsyaktA: kezA: sa upakeza: 'osikA nagarI' taracAM hi satyakA devyaashcaitymsti| 5. vahI, pR 134 ko brahmA, a: kRSNaH, a: zaMkara: tato dvandve kaaH| tairISTeaizvarya manubhavati yaH sa: keza: / kAnAM Iza: aizvaryaramAdvA keza: pAratIrthika dharma: sa: upavarjitsyakto yasmAtsa upakeza kRdukta vizuddha dharma: sa: vidyate yasminagacche sa upakeza: 6. vahI, pR 135 kaM ca sukha I ca lakSmI: kayau te Ize svAyatte yatra yasmAdvA sa: keza: arthAt jainodharmaH / saH upasamIpe adhiko vA'smAdgacchAt sa upakeza iti cturthory| For Private and Personal Use Only

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187 unake brahmA, viSNu mahezane dharma kA nirAkaraNa karane ke kAraNa upadvatA- dUra kiye gaye, vaha huA upkesh| prathama mataH paramparAgata dhArmika mata osavaMza kA udbhavakAla eka atyadhika vivAdAspada prazna hai| 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' Adi ke anusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA upakezanagara (osiyAM) meM cAturmAsa kiye jAne aura vahA~ ke kSatriyoM ko osavAla banAne kA ullekha milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki pArzvanAtha paramparA ke AcArya svayaMprabhasUri ke pAsa vidyAdhara rAjA maNiratna' bhinnamAla meM vandana karane AyA aura unakA upadeza sunakara apane putra ko rAjya samhalA AcArya zrI ke pAsa dIkSita ho gyaa| usa samaya vidyAdhara rAja maNiratna ke sAtha anya 500 vidyAdhara bhI dIkSita ho gye| dIkSA ke pazcAt AcArya svayaMprabha ne unakA nAma ratnaprabha rkhaa| __ vIra nirvANa saMvat 52 meM muni ratnaprabha ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| AcArya ratnaprabha aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue eka samaya upakezanagara pdhaare| upakezanagara ke sambandha meM 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' meM ullekha milatA hai ki bhinnamAla ke rAjA bhImasena ke putra puMja kA rAjakumAra utpalakumAra kisI kAraNavaza apane pitA se ruSTa hokara kSatriya maMtrI ke putra uhar3a ke sAtha bhinnamAla se nikala pdd'aa| rAjakumAra aura maMtrI putra ne eka navIna nagara basAne kA vicAra kiyA aura antatogatvA 12 yojana lambe caur3e kSetra meM upakezanagara bsaayaa| naye basAye gaye upakezanagara meM bhinnamAla ke 1800 vyApArI 900 brAhmaNa tathA aneka anya loga bhI Akara basa gye| 'AcArya ratnaprabhasUri' jisa samaya apane ziSya samUha ke sAtha upakezanagara meM padhAre, usa samaya sAre nagara meM bhI jaina dharmAvalambI gRhastha ke na hone ke kAraNa unheM aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| bhikSA na milane ke kAraNa unheM aura unake ziSyoM ko upavAsa para upavAsa karane par3e, phira bhI unhoMne 35 sAdhuoM ke sAtha upakezanagara meM cAturmAsa karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura apane zeSa saba ziSyoM ko koraMTA Adi anya nagaroM aura grAmoM meM cAturmAsa karane ke liye upakeza nagara se vihAra karavA diyaa|' ___ 'upakezanagara meM cAturmAsa karane ke pazcAt ratnaprabhasUri AhAra pAnI ko samabhAva se sahate hue AtmasAdhanA meM tallIna rahane lge| isa prakAra cAturmAsa kA kucha samaya nikalane ke pazcAt eka dina upakezanagara ke rAjA utpala ke dAmAda trailokyasiMha ko, jo maMtrI ahar3a kA putra thA, eka bhayaMkara viSadhara ne Dasa liyaa| upacAra ke rUpa meM kiye gaye sabhI prayatna niSphala rahe aura kumAra ko mRta samajhakara dAha saMskAra ke liye zmazAna kI ora cale / vahA~ AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kA caraNodaka sIMcane para kumAra kA jahara utara gayA aura usane navIna jIvana prApta kiyaa| zoka meM 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, pR 135 kazca, azca, Izazca% kezAH, brahmA, viSNu, mahezA: / tarddhama nirAkaraNAti upahatA: yena sa upakeza: // For Private and Personal Use Only

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188 DUbA huA rAjaparivAra aura samasta upakezanagara Anandita ho utthaa|' 'isa adbhuta ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara rAjA, maMtrI, unake parijanoM aura paurajanoM Adi ne eka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jainadharma svIkAra kiyA aura una sabake osiyA nivAsI hone ke kAraNa naye jaina bane logoM kI 'osavAla' se prasiddhi huI / 'yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki isa adbhuta ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara rAjya kI adhiSThAyikA cAmuNDA devI ko bhI - jise ki bali dI jAtI thI, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne samyaktvadhAriNI banAyA aura saccikA nAma dekara use osavAloM kI kuladevI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| devI ne kevala pazuoM kI bali lenA hI nahIM chor3A apitu lAla raMga ke phUla bhI vaha pasanda nahIM karatI thii|' 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke isa prakAra ke aneka camatkAroM kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Apane 1,80,000 ajainoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAyA aura vIra nirvANa saM. 84 meM svarga prApta kiyA / ' 'ratnaprabhasUri ke pazcAt yakSa devasUri Adi ke krama se upakezagaccha kI AcArya paramparA adyAvadhi avicchinna rUpa se calatI huI batAI gaI hai|' 'mAhezvara kalpadruma graMtha meM osavAloM ke hone isa taraha likhA hai, 'zrI varddhamAna jina pachai varSa bAvana pada lIdho ratnaprabhasUri nAma tasa guruvrata dIdho, bhInamAla sUM uThiyA jAya osiyAM basANAM kSatrI huA zAkha aThAra uThai osavAla kahANAM, eka lAkha caurAsI sahasradhara, rAjapUta prati bodhiyA, ratanaprabhU osyA nagara osavAla jiNa dina kiyA / ' 2 ratnaprabhasUrIzvaraH aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ratnaprabhasUrIzvara jI kA radhanupura nagara ke rAjA mahendracUr3a kI mahAdevI lakSmI kI ratnakukSa se ApakA janma huaa| ApakA nAma ratnacUr3a rakhA gayA thaa| rAjA ratnacUr3a ne apane putra ko rAjagaddI sauMpa kara 500 vidyAdharoM ke sAtha AcArya svayaMprabhasUri ke caraNakamaloM meM dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| AcArya svayaMprabhasUri ne una mokSArthiyoM ko dIkSA dekara rAjA ratnacUr3a kA nAma ratnaprabha, zeSa pAMca sau muniyoM ko ratnaprabha kA ziSya banA diyA / tadanantara muni ratnaprabha gurucaraNoM kI sevA ArAdhanA karate hue kramaza: 12 varSa nirantara jJAnAbhyAsa kara dvAdazAMga arthAt sakalAgamoM ke pUrNata: jJAtA bana gaye / itanA hI kyoM, AcArya pada yogya sarvaguNa bhI prApta kara liye, ataH ApakA bhAgya ravi madhyAnha ke sadRza camakane laga gyaa| AcArya svayaMprabhasUri ne apanI aMtimAvasthA aura muniprabha kI suyogyatA dekhakara vIrAt 52 veM varSa meM muniratnaprabha ko AcArya pada se vibhUSita kara apanA sarvAdhikAra unako sauMpa diyA / 3 1. AcArya hastImala jI ma.sA., jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pR 379-380 2. upAdhyAya zrI rAmalAlajI, mahAjanavaMza muktAvalI, pR13 3. muni zrI jJAnasundara jI mahArAja, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, pUrvArddha, pR 62 For Private and Personal Use Only

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189 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra "krameNa dvAdazAMga caturdazapUrvI babhUva guruNA svapade sthApita: zrImada vIra jinezvarAt dvi paMcAzata varSe AcArya pade sthApita: paMcAzata sAdhumiH sahadharAM vicrti|" tadanantara AcArya ratnaprabhasUri zAsanataMtra sucArU rUpa se calate hue bhUtala para dharmapracAra karate hue vihAra karane lge| tIrthAdhirAja zatrujaya tIrtha se arbudakAla padhAre aura adhiSTAtrI cakrezvarI devI kI prArthanA para marubhUmi kI ora prayANa kiyaa| Apa aneka kaThinAiyoM aura bAdhAoM ko jhelate hue upakezapura nagara pahu~ca gye| zrImAla nagara ke rAjA bhImasena ke do putroM-puMja aura surasundara meM puMja kA putra utpaladeva thaa| eka samaya kA jikra hai utpaladevakumAra ApasI tAnA ke kAraNa apamAnita ho nagara se nikala gyaa| usakI icchA eka nayA nagara basA kara svayaM rAja karane kI thii| idhara to rAjakumAra apamAnita hokara nikala rahA thA, udhara pradhAna kA putra uhar3a kumAra bhI saMyogavaza apamAnita hokara rAjaputra ke sAtha ho gyaa| utpaladeva ne DhelIpura (dillI) nagara ke rAjA sAdhuse AjJA lekara maNDora ke Age pAnI kI suvidhA dekhakara eka nagara kA nAma usa vAlI bhUmi hone se 'uesa' rakha diyaa| svalpa samaya meM hI yaha nagara 9 yojanA lambA aura 12 yojanA lambA basa gyaa| rAjA bhImasena se dukhI janatA isa nUtana nagara meM A bsii| yahA~ isa nUtana nagara meM cAmuNDA devI kI sthApanA kara dii| kaI prAcIna vaMzAvaliyoM meM isa nUtana nagarI ke sambandha meM kavitta milate haiN| gAr3I sahasaguNa tIsa, yatA ratha sahasra gyAre, aTThAraha sahasra asavAra pAlA pAvaka nahIM koI paare| uTThI sahasa aTThAra, tIsa hastI mada jaratA, dasa sahasra vipra bhinnamAla se maNidhara sAthe mAMDiyA, eva upalade maMtrI Uhar3a, ghara bAra sAthe chaaddiyaa| isa nagarI meM vyApAriyoM ke sAtha brAhmaNa bhI A gye| do do vyApArI eka eka brAhmaNa kA nirvAha bhI kara dete the aura nUtana nagara kI adhiSThAtrI cAmuNDA devI kI sthApanA kara dii| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri upakezapura padhAra to gaye para kisI eka bhI AdamI ne unakA svAgata satkAra nahIM kiyA, itanA hI kyoM kisI ne Thaharane ke liye sthAna taka bhI nahIM btlaayaa| isa hAlata meM AcArya zrI ne sAdhuoM ke sAtha luNAdri pahAr3I para jAkara dhyAna lagA diyaa| nagara ke 1. upakezagaccha paTTAvalI, pR 184 2. upakezagaccha caritra dvAbhyA vaNigbhyAM tatreka vipravRti: prakalpitA pAdradevI ca cAmuMDA tatstha loka kulezvarI: pitA putrazca yatraubhau vaNijau vyavahAriNau SaNmAsI tasthuSau jAtu militau na mitha kvacita / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 190 tamAma loga mAMsAhArI the, isaliye sAdhuoM ko bhikSA nahIM milii| AcArya zrI ne Adeza kiyA ki jo vikaTa tapazcaryA karane vAle haiM, ve cAturmAsa ke liye ruka jAyeM aura zeSa vihAra kreN| www.kobatirth.org rAjA utpaladeva kI putrI saubhAgyasundarI kA vivAha maMtrI putra trailokyasiMha ke sAtha huaa| eka samaya rAjakanyA apane patideva ke sAtha zaiyA para so rahI thI, taba eka sarpa ne kumAra ko sa liyaa| kumAra mRtAvasthA ko prApta ho gaye / nagara meM zoka ke kAle bAdala chA gye| rAjA, maMtrI aura nagara ke loga rudana karate hue rAjamAtA kI zmazAna yAtrA ke liye jA rahe the| saba loga sUri jI ke pAsa Aye aura rAjA tathA maMtrI dIna svara se prArthanA karane lage, he dayAsiMdho ! Apa hamAre para durdeva kA kopa hone se hamArA rAjya zUnya ho gayA hai| hamAre putra rUpI dhana ko mRtyu rUpI cora ne haraNa kara liyA hai| he karuNAvatAra! Apa hamAre dukha kA pAra nahIM hai, ataH Apa kRpA kara hamAre saMkaTa ko dUra kara putra rUpI bhikSA pradAna kreN| AcArya zrI ne garama jala mNgvaayaa| usa garma jala se sUri jI ke caraNAMguSTha kA prakSAlana kara isa jala ko maMtrI putra para DAlA / ' basa, phira to kyA thA, maMtrI putra ke zarIra se viSa coroM kI taraha bhAga gayA aura maMtrIputra khar3e hokara idhara udhara dekhane lgaa| saba loga Azcaryacakita ho gaye / usa samaya cAroM ora harSa aura nAda ke bAje bajane lge| sabake mu~ha se yahI zabda nikalane lage ki ina mahAtmA kI kRpA se maMtrIputra ne nayA jIvana prApta kiyA hai / 2 usa samaya rAjA ne khajAMciyoM ne maNimuktAeM muni zrI ko bheMTa svarUpa le gaye / kintu grahaNa karane se manA kara diyaa| 1. upakezagaccha caritra, pR. 185 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir usa samaya sUri jI ne kahA ki hama kevala janakalyANArtha bhramaNa karate haiN| yadi Apa logoM kI icchA ho to jainadharma ko svIkAra kara lo, tAki isa loka aura paraloka meM ApakA 2. vahI ! vAditrAn ArkaNya laghuziSyaH tatrAgata jhaMpANoM dRSTavA evaM kathApayati bho ! jIvitaM kathaM jvAlAyatH te zreSThine kathitaM eSaM munivaraM evaM kathayati / zreSThinA jhaMpANo vAlitaH kSullakaH praraSTra guru pRSThe sthitaH mRtakAmAnIya guru agre mucati zreSTri caraNoM ziraM nivezya evaM kathayati bho dayAlu mamadevI rUSTha mamagRho zUnyo bhavati tena kAraNena mama putra bhikSAM dehi ? guruNA prAsuka jalamAnIya caraNau prakSAlya tasya chaMTitaM / kAraNe sajne harSa vAditrANi vabhUva / lokaiH kathitaM zreSThi putra nUtana janmo AgataH / mune sAlita caraNena jalena pariSecanam / kRtaM mRto paritadA sahasA jIvitotthita // uvAca janatA tatra harSa vAditra nisvanai / adya tvayA maMtriputra / labdha janma dvitIyakama // 3. upakezagaccha paTTAvalI zreSThatA guruNAM agre aneka maNimuktA phala suvarNa vastrAdi bhagavAna guhyatA ? guruNAM kathitaM mama na kArya paraM bhavadbhi jainadharma gRhyatAM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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191 kalyANa ho| AcArya zrI ne ucca svara aura madhura bhASA se dharmadezanA denA prArambha kiyaa| rAjA ne kahA ki Apane ajJAnarUpI parde ko cIra DAlA hai, sUrya kA prakAza kara sadamArga dikhalAyA hai| Apane hamAre putra ko jIvana dAna hI nahIM diyA, mithyA ke samudra se nikAlakara hamArA uddhAra kiyA hai| usa samaya AcArya zrI ke Adeza se gale ke janeU aura kaMThiyeM tor3a tor3akara sUrIzvarajI ke caraNoM meM DAla diye| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki rAjA-prajA ko dharmadezanA dekara una sabako zrAvaNa kRSNa 14 ko jainadharma kI dIkSA dii| una rAjA, maMtrI aura kSatriyoM kI saMkhyA paTTAvalIkAroM ne savAlakSa kI likhI hai| usa samaya zAstrArtha ke pazcAt nUtana jaina samUha ke liye 'mahAjanasaMgha' nAmaka saMsthA kI sthApanA karavA dii| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya ratnaprabhasari ne upakeza vAsiyoM ko hI nahIM cAmuNDAdevI ko bhI ahiMsA kA pratibodha diyaa| upakezagaccha caritra ke anusAra1. upakezagaccha caritra tato'varat sa sacivaM, zrutvAvai dhrmruupkm| gRhayatAm jainadharmazca, kalyANaM labhyatA tvayA // arpitaM taddhanaM tena, nAMgIkRta malobhinA / pUjyante muniyazcaiva, tyakta sarva prigrhaa| 2. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa, pUrvArddha, pR90 3. vahI, pR95 4.upakezagaccha caritra anyadopasakA: pUjyaiH proktA: mAcaNDikA'rcanam / kurudhvaMyadiyaM satva ghAta pAtakinI sadA / / sa prabhAvA prabho! devI, nArcyate yadi tad dhruvm| hanti na: sa kuTumbena, pyevaM prAhurupAsakA: // ahaM rakSA karibyAmi, tyukte sUribhirarcanAt / nivRtA: zrAvakA: sarve, kupyatismAtha sA gurau / chalaM vilokayantyasthAtsA guruNA maharnizam / sAyaM dhyAna vihonAnAM, netra pIr3Aya kalpayat / / ajJAna bhAva vihito'parAdhaH kSamyatAM mama / na vidhAsye puna: svAmi, nevaM jAtu prasIda naH / / sUri rUce kathaM roSa: ? sa''hamatsevakAn bhavAn / arakSayanmadabhISTaM, maduktaM cetkarivyasi // labdhe'bhISTaM prabho, vazyAte 'nvayinAmapi / bhavitrIti vadantI tA~, jagurAcArya puMgavAH / / nija pratijJA vacane, sthirI bhANyaM tvayA sadA / kar3ar3A mar3ar3A devi dAsye tatra ratiM kRthAH // pratijJAya gurUktaM tad, devi sadyastirodadhe / For Private and Personal Use Only

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192 "eka dina pUjya AcArya zrI ne devI ke upAsaka bhaktoM ko upadeza diyA ki tuma caNDikA kA pUjana mata karo, kyoMki isake mandira meM hamezA prANI mAre jAte haiM, ata: devI pApinI hai| logoM prAta: sarvAnapi zrAddhAna, guruva: paryamIlayan / / militAnAM zrAvakANAM purutaH sUrayo'vadana / pakvAnnAni vidyApyantAM suhAlI prabhRtIni bhoH / pratigehaM dhanasArA'guru kastUrikA'dika / bhoga: saMmIlyatoM bhavyo gRhacatAM kusumAni ca / / kRtvainaM pauSadhAgArai, zIghra mAgamyatAM yathA / cAmuNDA''yatanaM yAma:, sadyema sahitA vayam / / pUjopaskara mAdAya, zrAvakA pauSadhokasi / abhyayuH sUrayaH, saMdhi tairdevI sadena yayuH / / ayU pUjana sUrI zrAddhaiH, sUrayo dvAra saMsthitA / avadaMzca nijAbhISTaM, lAhidevi ! dadAbhyaham / / ityuktobhaya pArzvasthe, pakvAnamRta suNDake / pANibhyA~ cUrNAyetvocuH, svAbhISTaM devi gRhacAtAm / / atha pratyakSa rUpeNa, sUriNA purata: sthitA / " prAha prabho mada bhISTa, kar3ar3A mar3aDA 'parA // guru rUce na sA yuktA, lAtuM dAtu ca te mama / pAladA rAkSasA eva, devA devi ! sudhA'zanA / / pUrva darzana vikhyAtaM, svanAmArtha vidantyapi / palAdAnoM sagAcAraM, carantI kiM na lajase // loka zcopAnana pazUna, vinihatya purastava / tAnati nItvA svagRhe, tvamaznAsi na kiMcana / svI kurvANa mudhA hiMsA, pAtakAnna viSibhekim / devAnAM mAnavAnA~ca, narakaH pApa kra mA / / pApa nAtaH paraM kiMcita, sarva darzana vizrutama / tasmIjIva dayAdharma, sAramekaM samAzraya / / ityAdibhirupadezaiH prabuddhA prAha he prabho / bhava kUpe patayAlI, hastAlamba madA mama / / ita: prabhRti dAsatvaM, kariSye'smi tava prbho| A candrArka tvadgaNe'pi saMnidhyaM vratinAmapi / / paramasmi smaraNIyaH! smartavyA samaya sadA / dharmalAbha: pradAtavyo, devatA'vasare kRte / / tathA kuMkuma naivaidya, kusumAdi bhirudyate / zrAvakaiH pUjayayadhvaM mA~, yUyaM sAdhamikImiva / / dIrghadarzibhirAlocya, zrI ratnaprabha sUri bhiH / tadvAkya murarI cakre, yatasanto guNa kaMkSiNa / / satya pratijJA jAteti, caNDikA pApa khnnddikaa| satyaketi tato nAma viditaM bhuvane'bhavata / / evaM prabodhyatoM devI, sarvama viharana prabhuH / sapAdalakSa zrAddhAnA, madhikaM pratyabodhayata / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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193 ne kahA ki he prabho ! yadi hama loga isakI pUjA na kareM to yaha sakuTumba hamArA saMhAra kara degii| sUrIzvarajI ne kahA, maiM tumhArI rakSA kruuNgaa| sUrIzvara jI ke kathana se zrAvakagaNa devI kI pUjA se virata ho gye| isa para devI sUrIzvarajI para bahuta kupita huii| vaha rAtadina guru ke chalachidra dekhane lgii| eka dina jaba gurujI sAMyakAla ke samaya binA dhyAna ke ba~Te evaM soye hue the, to devI ne unake netroM meM pIr3A utpanna kara dii| pUjya sUrijI yoga bala se netra pIr3A kA kAraNa jAna gaye, devI svayaM lajjita ho gii| vaha sUri jI se prArthanA karane lagI ki he svAmI ! maiMne ajJAna bhAva se prerita hokara yaha aparAdha kiyA hai, Apa kSamA kreN| maiM aba kabhI aisA aparAdha nahIM kruuNgii| he vibho, Apa mujha para prasanna hoN| sUrijI bole, devI itanA roSa kyoM ? devI ne kahA, Apane mere bhaktoM ko merI pUjA se manA kiyA hai| yadi Apa merA abhISTa mujhe pilA do to he prabho! Apake aura Apake vaMzajoM ke avazya AdhIna ho jaauuNgii| AcAryavara ne kahA ki maiM Apako ApakA abhISTa kaDDA maDDA dilaauuNgii| prAta:kAla gurujI ke pAsa saba zraddhAlu zrAvaka ekatrita hue| unhoMne kahA, he zrAvakoM! tuma saba pakvAla Adi pratyeka ghara se lekara pauSadhAgAra meM ekatra milo, bAda meM saMgha ko lekara maMdira cleNge| yaha sunakara saba sAmagrI ekatrita kara pauSazAlA meM ekatrita hue aura sUrijI unheM sAtha lekara cAmuNDA ke maMdira meM gye| vahA~ pahu~ca kara zrAvakoM ne devI kA pUjana kiyA aura sUrijI ne kahA ki he devI! tuma apanA abhISTa le lo| aisA kahakara donoM tarapha ke pakvAnna pUrNa suNDakoM ko donoM hAthoM se cUrNa kara bole ki he devi, apanA abhISTa grahaNa kro| devI bolI, he prabho! merI abhISTa vastu kar3aDA maDaDA hai| guru bole he devi! yaha vastu tumheM lenA aura mujhe denA yogya nahIM, kyoMki mAMsAhArI to kevala rAkSasa hI hote haiM, devatA to amRta pAna karane vAle hote haiN| he devi! tU devatAoM ke AcaraNa ko chor3akara rAkSasoM ke AcaraNa ko karatI huI kyoM nahIM lajAtI ho? he devi! tere bhakta loga terI bheMTa meM lAe hue pazuoM ko tere sAmane mArakara tujhako isa ghora pApa meM zAmila kara usa mAMsa ko ve svayaM khAte haiM, tU to kucha nahIM khAtI, ata: tU vyartha hiMsAtmaka kArya ko aMgIkAra karatI huI pApase nahIM DaratI hai ? yaha to nirvivAda hai ki cAhe devatA ho, cAhe manuSya ho, pApa karane vAle ko manvantara meM naraka avazya milatA hai| isa jIva hiMsA ke samAna bhayaMkara aura koI pApa nahIM hai| tU jagata kI mAtA hai to terA kartavya hai ki saba jIvoM para dayA bhAva rakhanA aura tU isI 'ahiMsA paramodharma' kA Azraya le| isa prakAra sUrijI kathita upadeza se pratibuddha huI devI sUri jI ko kahane lagI he prabho! Apane mujhe saMsAra kUpa meM par3I huI ko bacAyA hai| he prabho! Aja maiM ApakI adhInatA svIkAra karUMgI aura Apake gaNa meM bhI vratAdhAriyoM kA sAnidhya karUMgI tathA yAvacandra divAkara ApakAdAsatva grahaNa kruuNgii| he prAta svamaraNIya sUripuMgava! Apa yathAsambhava mujhe smaraNa rakhanA aura mujhe bhI dharmalAbha denaa| apane zrAvakoM se kuMkuma naivaidya puSpa Adi sAmagrI se dhArmika kI taraha merI pUjA karavAnA / dIrghadarzI ratnaprabhasUri ne bhaviSya kA vicAra karake devI ke kathana ko svIkAra kara liyaa| pApoM ke khaNDita karane vAlI vaha caNDikA satyapratijJA vAlI huii| usa dina se devi kA nAma satyakA prasiddha huii| isa prakAra ratnaprabhasUri ne devi ko pratibodha dekara vihAra karate hue savAlAkha se bhI adhika zrAvakoM ko pratibodha diyaa| ___ upakezanagara ke maMtrI Uhar3a ne eka nayAmaMdira banAyA, para dina ko jitanA maMdira banatA, vaha rAta ko gira jaataa| isa sthiti meM jaba usane AcArya ratnaprabhasUri jI se Akara yahI savAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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194 pUchA to sUrijI ne kahA, Apa kisakA maMdira banAte haiN| maMtrI ne uttara diyA, maiM nArAyaNa kA maMdira banAtA hUM / sUrijI ne kahA, yadi Apa mahAvIra ke nAma se maMdira banAo to eka bhI upadrava nahIM hogaa|' __yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANasaM 70 mAghazukla paMcamI ke dina AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke karakamaloM se upakezapura aura koraMTapura nagara meM mahAvIra maMdira kI pratiSThA kI gii| koraMTapura meM AcArya zrI ke mAyAvI rUpa ne pratiSThA kii| vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM hI AcArya ratnaprabhasUri 500 muniyoM ke sAtha upakezapura padhAre, isI varSa upakezapura ke sUryavaMzI rAjA utpaladeva aura caMdravaMzI maMtrI Uhar3a ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| isI varSa zrAvaNa zukla pratipradA ke dina nUtana jainoM kI 'mahAjanasaMgha saMsthA sthApita kI aura isI varSa koraMTapura ke zrI saMgha ne kanakaprabhajI AcArya pada para AsIna hue| vIra nirvANa 77 meM mahArAjA utpaladeva dvArA pahAr3I para banAe pArzvanAtha maMdira kI pratiSThA AcArya ratnaprabhasUri aura kanakaprabhasUri ke karakamaloM dvArA huii| vIra nirvANa saMvat 82 meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUrijI ne apane eka yogya ziSya ko yakSadevasUri nAma se vibhUSita kara AcArya pada sauMpa diyaa| vIra nirvANa 84 kI mAgha zukla pUrNimA ke dina ratnaprabhasUri kA svargavAsa huaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne isa bhUmi para janma lekara apane kalyANa ke sAtha aneka bhavyoM kA kalyANa kiyaa| itanA hI kyoM mahAjana saMgha rUpI eka kalpavRkSa lagAkara unakI vaMza paramparA hajAroM varSoM taka cirasthAyI banA dii| Apane apane jIvana meM 1500 sAdhu, 3000 sAdhviyAM aura 1400000 ghara vAle kSatriyoM ko jaina banAkara jainazAsana kI khUba unnati kI aura mAravAr3a jaise prAnta meM jaina maMdiroM kI pratiSThA karavAkara jainadharma kI nIMva sudRr3ha banAkara dharma ko cirasthAyI banA diyaa| munizrI jJAnasundara jI mahArAja ne osavAla samAja kA udbodhana kiyA hai ki prativarSa zrAvaNa kRSNa caturdazI ke dina osavAla jAti kA janma dina kA 1. upakezagaccha caritra itazca zreSThI tatrA''ste, Uhar3a kRSNa maMdiram / kArayannatulaM navyaM, puNyavAna puNya hetave / / divA biracitaM devaM, maMdira rAja maMtriNA | bhinnatvaM prAptanuyAdrAtrau, tato vismayatA gataH // aprAkSIddA rzikAna maMtrI, kathyatAmasya kAraNam / na kazcidvace tatvajJaH, satya satya vacastadA / tato'pacchanmani mantrI. kAraNa cktaaNjliH| pratyuvAcatata: sUri, mandim kasya nirmitam / / nArANasya yantrIti, pro vAcAcArya makSam / tacchrutvA muni zArdUla:, provAca gira muttamAm / / upadrava neccha sicena mahAvIrasya mandiram / kArayatvaM he mantrina ! madAjJA~ ca gRhANatvam / / mantriNevaM kRte caiva, nAbhUta punarUpadrava / eva mAlokya lokAsya, sarve vitmayAtA~ gataH // tanmUla nAyaka kRte, vIra pratimAM navAm / tasyaiva zreSTino dhenoH, vayasA katruryAmAhaNAt / / 2. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, 4 120 For Private and Personal Use Only

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195 mahotsava aura mAgha zukla pUrNimA ke dina bar3I bar3I sabhAeM karake AcArya ratnaprabhasUri jI kI jayantI manAkara yaha zubha saMdeza pratyeka prANI ke hRdaya taka pahuMcA kara kRtArtha bane / ' Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrI bhaNDArI kI mAnyatA hai ki vikrama saMvat 1393 kA likhA huA eka hastalikhita graMtha 'upakezagaccha caritra' milatA hai| usameM tathA aura bhI jaina graMthoM meM osavAla jAti aura osiyA nagarI kI utpatti ke viSaya meM jo kathA likhI huI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai vikrama saMvat se karIba cAra sau varSa pUrva bhInamAla nagarI meM bhImasena nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA, jisake do putra the, jinake nAma kramazaH zrIpuMja aura upaladeva thaa| isa viSaya meM do mata aura pAye jAte haiM, pahalA yaha ki paTTAvalI na. 3 meM bhImasena ke eka putra zrIpuMja thA, jisake sura sundara aura upaladeva nAmaka do putra hue| dUsarA yaha ki bhImasena ke tIna putra the, jinake nAma kramazaH upaladeva, AsapAla aura Asala the| jinameM se upaladeva ne osiyA tathA Asala ne bhInamAla basAyA / prathama matAnusAra eka samaya yuvarAja zrIpuMja aura upaladeva ke bIca kisI kAraNavaza kahAsunI ho gaI, jisa para zrIpuMja ne tAnA mArate hue kahA ki isa prakAra ke hukma to vahI calA sakatA hai, jo apanI bhujAoM ke bala se rAjya kI sthApanA kare / yaha tAnA upaladeva ko sahana nahIM huA aura vaha usI samaya navIna rAjya sthApanA kI pratijJA karake apane maMtrI Uhar3a aura dharaNa ko sAtha le vahA~ se cala pdd'aa| usane DhelIpurI (dillI) ke rAjA sAdhu kI AjJA lekara maNDora ke pAsa upakezapura kA osiyA paTTaNa nAmaka nagara basA kara apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA / usa samaya osiyAM nagarI kA kSetraphala bahuta lambA caur3A thaa| aisA kahate haiM ki vartamAna osiyAM nagarI se 12 mIla dUra para jo tivarI gAMva hai, vaha pahale osiyAM kA telIvAr3A thA tathA jo isa samaya khetAra nAmaka grAma hai, vaha pahale yahA~ kA kSatrIpurA thA / rAjA upaladeva vAmamArgI thA aura usakI khAsa kuladevI cAmuNDA mAtA thI / isI samaya jainAcAryoM meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke sAtaveM paTTadhara AcArya ratnaprabhasUri apane upadezoM ke dvArA pracAra karate hue AbU pahAr3a se hote hue upakezapaTTaNa meM padhAre aura pAsa hI luNAdri nAmaka choTI sI pahAr3I para eka eka mAsa kI tapazcaryA kara dhyAnAvasthita ho gaye / isa samaya 500 muniyoM kA saMgha unake sAtha thaa| kaI dina hone para bhI jaba una muniyoM ke zuddha bhikSA kI vyavasthA usa nagarI meM na ho sakI taba logoM ne AcArya zrI se prArthanA kI ki bhagavAna, yahA~ para sAdhuoM ke liye bhikSA kI koI samucita vyavasthA nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM muniyoM kA isa sthAna para nirvAha honA kaThina hai| AcArya zrI ne jaba vihAra kA nizcaya kiyA, taba vahA~ kI adhiSThAyikA cAmuNDA devI ne prakaTa hokara kahA ki mahAtmanU, isa prakAra se ApakA yahA~ se cale jAnA acchA nahIM hogA, yadi Apa yahA~ para apanA cAturmAsa nahIM kareMge to saMgha aura zAsana kA bar3A lAbha hogaa| isa para AcArya ne muniyoM ke saMgha ko kahA ki jo sAdhu vikaTa tapasyA karane vAle hoM, ve yahA~ raha jAyaM, zeSa saba yahA~ se vihAra kara jAye / isa para 465 muni to AcArya kI AjJA se vihAra kara gaye / zeSa 35 muni tathA AcArya cAra cAra mAsa kI vikaTa tapasyA svIkAra kara samAdhi meM lIna ho gye| isI 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pR 120 2. zrI sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI, osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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196 dina devayoga se rAjA ke jAmAtra traitrolasiMha ko rAtri meM bhayaMkara sarpa ne Dasa liyaa| isa samAcAra se sAre zahara meM hAhAkAra maca gyaa| bahuta se maMtra taMtra zAstrI ilAja karane ke lie Ae, magara pariNAma na huaa| aMta meM jaba use zmazAna yAtrA ke lie le jAne lage taba kisI ne AcArya zrI kA ilAja karavAne kI bhI salAha dii| jaba rAjakumAra kI rathI AcArya zrI ke sthAna para lAI gaI, to AcArya zrI ke ziSya vIra dhavala ne gurumahArAja ke caraNoM kA prakSAlana kara rAjakumAra para chir3aka diyaa| aisA karate hI vaha jIvita ho utthaa| isase saba loga bar3e prasanna hue aura rAjA ne AcArya zrI se prasanna hokara anekoM thAla bahumUlya javAharAtoM se bharakara AcArya zrI ke caraNoM meM rakha diye| isa para AcArya zrI ne kahA ki rAjana ! hama tyAgiyoM ko isa dravya aura vaibhava se koI prayojana nahIM hai| hamArI icchA to yaha hai ki Apa loga mithyAtva ko chor3akara paramapavitra jainadharma ko zraddhA sahita svIkAra kareM, jisase ApakA kalyANa ho, isa para saba logoM ne prasanna hokara AcArya zrI kA upadeza svIkAra kiyA aura 12 vratoM ko zravaNakara jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| tabhI se osiyAM nagarI ke nAma se ina logoM kI gaNanAosavAla vaMza meM kI gii| kucha graMthoM meM isa kathA meM thor3A heraphera hai| inameM rAjA ke jAmAtra ke sthAna para rAjA ke putra kA ullekha hai| kahIM kahIM para aisA bhI ullekha hai ki devI ke kahane para AcArya ratnaprabha sUri ne rUI kI pUNI kA sarpa banAkara bharI sabhA meM rAjA ke putra ko kATane ke liye bhejA thaa| isake pUrva cAmuNDA mAtA ke maMdira meM navarAtri ke avasara para bhaiMsoM aura bakaroM kA balidAna huA karatA thaa| AcArya zrI ne usako rokakara usake sthAna para laDDU, cUramA, lApasI, khoyA nAriyala ityAdi sugaMdhita padArthoM se devI kI pUjA karane kA Adeza diyaa| isase cAmuNDA devI bar3I nArAja huI aura usane AcArya zrI kI AMkha meM takalIpha paidA kara dii| AcAryazrI ne bar3I zAMti se isa takalIpha ko sahana kiyaa| cAmuNDA ne jaba AcArya ko vicalita hote na dekhA taba vaha bar3I lajjita huI aura AcArya zrI se kSamA mAMgakara samyaktva ko grahaNa kiyaa| usI samaya se usane pratijJA kI ki Aja se mAMsa aura madirA to kyA lAlaraMga kA phUla bhI mujha para nahIM car3hegA aura mere bhakta jo osiyAM meM svayaMbhU mahAvIra kI pUjA karate raheMge, unake saMkaTa ko maiM dUra kruuNgii| tabhI se cAmuNDAdevI kA nAma sacciyA devI par3a gayA aura Aja bhI yaha maMdira sacciyA mAtA ke maMdira ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jahA~ para abhI bhI bahuta se osavAloM ke bAlakoM kA muNDana saMskAra hotA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki usI samaya uhar3a maMtrI ne mahAvIra prabhu kA maMdira taiyAra karavAyA aura usakI mUrti svayaM cAmuNDA devI ne bAlUreta aura gAya ke dUdha meM taiyAra kI, jisakI pratiSThA svayaM ratnaprabhasUri ne mArgazIrSa zukla paMcamI guruvAra ko apane hAthoM se kii| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki ThIka isI samaya koraMTapura nAmaka sthAna meM bhI vahA~ ke zrAvakoM ne zrI vIraprabhu ke maMdira kI sthApanA kI, jisakI pratiSThA kA muhUrta bhI ThIka vahI thA jo ki upakezapaTTaNa ke maMdira kI pratiSThA kA thaa| donoM sthAnoM para apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se AcArya zrI ne svayaM upasthita hokara pratiSThA krvaaii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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197 vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM osiyA nagarI meM osavaMza kA udbhava huA, yaha upakeza vaMza paTTAvaliyoM aura 'upakezacaritra' para AdhArita hai| "itihAsa aura kAvyoM ke atirikta vaMzAvaliyoM kI kaI pustakeM milatI hai| tathA jainoM kI kaI paTTAvaliyAM milatI hai| ye bhI itihAsa ke sAdhana hai| pratyakSa pramANoM kI dRSTi se usa samaya ke zilAlekha, tAmrapatra aura anya lekha prApta nahIM hai| pratyakSa pramANoM kI tulanA meM usa yuga ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke liye parokSa aura pratyakSa pramANoM para hI nirbhara honA par3atA hai| paTTAvaliyAM tyAjya nahIM hai| TADakRta rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa' kevala bAraNI sAhitya para AdhArita hai, kintu itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM yaha mAnya hai| pRthvIrAja rAso', 'muhaNauta naiNasIrI khyAta' aura TADakRta 'rAjapUtAne ke itihAsa' meM aneka truTiyAM haiM , kintu usa samaya ke anupalabdha itihAsa kA yaha adbhuta khajAnA hai| itihAsa tathya nahIM satya hai| tathya pratyakSa pramANa para AdhArita hotA hai aura satya meM yathArtha aura anumAna kA maNikAMcana yoga hotA hai| ina paTTAvaliyoM meM guru paramparA dvArA kaMThastha jJAna milatA hai| jaina zilAlekhoM kA samaya prAya: vikrama saMvat 10vIM zatAbdI se prArambha hotA hai aura usameM bhI isa jAti ke udbhava kA ullekha nahIM hai| kyA yaha sambhava nahIM ki mahAjana zabda atyadhika prAcIna hai aura osavaMza/ osavAla vaMza arvAcIna ? bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA- prathama jinda meM isa jAti kI prAcInatA ke viSaya meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra 'jaina paTTAvaliyoM' meM 'himavaMta paTTAvalI' sabase prAcIna paTTAvalI hai| isake racayitA AcArya himavaMtasUri haiN| Apa zrI kA nAmollekha 'zrI naMdI sUtra kIsthavirAvalI' meM milatA hai| AcArya himavaMta Arya skindala ke paTTadhara the| ata: itihAsa ke liye prastuta paTTAvalI bar3I upayogI hai| isameM varNita ghaTanAoM meM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM hai| isa gAthA meM jo varNana milatA hai, vaha hastIguphA se prApta mahAmeghavAhana cakravartI mahArAjAkhAravela ke zilAlekha ThIka milatA hai| kucha parokSa pramANoM se yaha patA calatA hai ki pUrva jamAne meM gaMdhahastI AcArya ne jainAgamoM kA vivaraNa jarUra likhA thA, jisako osavaMza ziromaNi zrAvaka polaka ne likhavAkara jaina zramaNoM ko svAdhyAya ke liye samarpaNa kiyA thaa| usa samaya mathurA meM isa vaMza kI saMkhyA vizeSa thI taba hI to polaka ko osavaMza ziromaNi kahA hai| jaba hama osavaMza kI vaMzAvaliyoM ko dekhate haiM to patA milatA hai ki usa samaya mathurA meM jainamaMdira banAne evaM jainAcAryoM kI AgrahapUrvaka vinatI karake cAturmAsa karavAne vAle bahuta zrAvaka basate the|' upakezagaccha ke andara vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM bar3e bar3e vidvAna muni aura yakSadeva sarIkhe pUrvadhara AcArya vidyamAna the| usa samaya dazapUrvadhara AcArya vajrasUri ke sadRza aneka guNanidhi AcArya yakSadevasUri bhUmimaNDala para vihAra karate the, usa samaya bhISaNa janasaMhAra karane vAlA bArahavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla par3A thaa| jaba dhanika logoM ke liye motiyoM ke barAbara jvAra ke 1.gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR10 2. bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA, prathama jilda, pR 149 3. vahI, pR 139 For Private and Personal Use Only

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198 dAne milane muzkila ho gaye the, to sAdhuoM ke liye bhikSA kA kahanA hI kyA ? yadi kahIM mila jAya to sukha se khAne hI kauna detA? usa bhayaMkara duSkAla meM yadi koI vyakti apane ghara se bhojana kara tatkAla nikala jAve to bhikSuka udara cIrakara andara kA bhojana nikAla kara khA jAte the| usa hAlata meM kitane hI jainamuni anazanapUrvaka svarga ko cale gye| zeSa rahe muniyoM ne jyoM tyoM kara duSkAla rUpI aTavI kA ullaMghana kiyaa| jaba akAla ke bAda sukAla huA to AcArya yakSadevasUri (candrAdi cAra muniyoM ko par3hAne vAle) ne rahe hue sAdhuoM ko ekacita kiye to 500 sAdhu, 700 sAdhviyAM, 7 upAdhyAya, 12 vAcanAcArya, 4 guru (AcArya), 2 pravartaka, 2 mahattara (padavizeSa), 12 pravartanI, 2 mahattArika ityAdi saba ko zAmila kara gaccha maryAdA bAMdha dii|' koraMTapura ko hastalikhita paTTAvalI meM bhI aMkita hai ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 varSa meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri upakezapura padhAre, tabakanakaprabhAdi 465 sAdhu vihAra kara koraMTapura meM caumAsA kiyA aura vahAM unake preraNA se eka mahAvIra jI kA maMdira nirmita kiyA gyaa| jaba ratnaprabhasUri jI ne upakezapura ke upaladeva aura maMtrI Uhar3a aura savAlAkha kSatriyoM ko jainadharma ke zrAvaka banAyA taba usa vakta koraMTapura kA saMgha ratnaprabhasUri jI se vinatI karane AyA ki Apa mahAvIra svAmI ke navanirmita maMdira kI pratiSThA kareM / usa samaya mAgha sudi paMcamI ko ratnaprabhasUri jI ne eka hI dina upakezapura aura dUsarI koraMTapura meM pratiSThA kraaii| 'prabhAvaka caritra' eka prAcInagraMtha hai, jisameM koraMTapura kA ullekha hai| isameM upAdhyAya 1.upakezagaccha caritra tadanvaye yakSadeva sUri rAsIddhiyAM nidhiH / dazapUrvadharo bajra svAmI bhuvyabhavadyadA / / durbhikSe dvAdakSAbdIye, janasaMhArakAriNI / vartamAne'nAzakena. svarge'gabahasAdhavaH / / tato vyatIte durbhikSe'vaziSTAn militAn munIn / amelayanyakSadevA, cAryAcandragaNe tathA / tadAdi candragacchasya, ziSya pravrAjana nAvidhau / zrAddhAnAM vAsa nikSepe. candragaccha: prakIrtyate // gaNa: koTika nAmApi, vjrshaakhaa'pisNmtaa| cAndrakulaM ca gacche'smina, sAmprataM kathyate ttH| zatAni paMca sAdhUnAM, punagacche'pimiktaniha / zatAni sapta sAdhvInAM, tathopAdhyAya saptakama / / dazadvauvAcanAcAryA zcatvAro guru vastathA / pravartakau dvAvabhUtAM, tathaivobhe mahattare / dvAdazasyaH pravattinya::, samIti dvau mahattarau. militaucandra gacchAntaM sakhayeyaM kathyate gnne|| 2. prabhAvaka caritra, pR191 tatra koraMTakaM nAma pura mastyunnatA zrayam / dvijita vimukhAyatra vinatA nandanA janAH // tatrA'sti zrI mahAvIra caityaM caityaM dadhad dRDhama / kailAza zailavabhAti sarvAzraya tayA'nayA / upAdhyAyo'sti tatra zrI devacandra iti zrataH / vidvavanda ziroratna tamastatihAro janaiH / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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199 devacaMdra kA ullekha hai| upAdhyAya devacaMdra kA samaya pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| koraMTapura kA mahAvIra maMdira usake pUrva kA banA huA hai| 'kalpasUtra' kI kalpadumakalikA TIkA kI sthirAvalI' meM koraTapura kI prAcInatA kA ullekha hai|' koraMTAjI tIrtha ke itihAsa meM yaha batAyA gayA ki yaha maMdira lagabhaga 2400 varSa purAnA hai| isI taraha tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' aura AMcalagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra ratnaprabhasUri dvArA osavaMza kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| AMcalagaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra upakezapura vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM upakezavaMziyoM se phalAphUlA thaa| ina paTTAvalI Adi ke pramANoM se osavAla jAti kI utpatti kA samaya vi.pU. 400 varSa mAnanA nyAyasaMga aura yuktiyukta hai|' __ osavaMza ke aneka gotroM kI vaMzAvaliyAM upalabdha hai, unase bho isa jAti kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki upakezapura meM zreSThi gotrIya rAva jagadeva ne vi.sa. 119 meM candraprabhajI kA maMdira banavAyA, jisakI pratiSThA AcArya yakSadeva sUri ne kI; khatarIpura meM taptabhaTTa gotrIya kA virATa saMgha nikAlA, jisameM AcArya yakSadeva Adi bahuta se sAdhu sAdhviyAM the; vijayapaTTana meM bAghanAga gotrIya maMtrI sajana ne vi.sa. 39 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA maMdira banAyA, jisakI pratiSThA yakSadeva sUri ne kI, jisameM maMtrIzvara ne savA lAkha rUpaye kharca kiye; dhenapura meM bhAdragotrIya maMtrI mehakaraNa ne vi.saM 309 meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kI adhyakSatA meM tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke liye eka saMgha nikAlA gayA, jisameM yAtriyoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha thI; upakezapura meM zreSThigotrIya rAva janhaNadeva ne vi.saM 208 meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke upadeza se mahAvIra maMdira meM aTThAI mahotsava kiyA; bhinnamAla nagara meM sucaMti gotrIya zAha pethar3a hararAja ne vi.saM 358 meM AcArya zrI devaguptasUri ke upadeza se bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA maMdira banAyA, jisakI pratiSThA devaguptasUri ne kI; mAMDavyapura meM kulabhadrA gotrIya zAha nAthA khemA ne AcArya siddhasUri ke upadeza se vi.saM 377 meM RSabhadeva ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra AcArya siddhasUri dvArA karavAyA; sAlaNapura meM zreSThigotrIya Uhar3a ne mahAvIra kA maMdira banavAyA, jisakI pratiSThA vi.saM 393 meM AcArya siddhasUri ne kI; vi.saM 247 mAghasudi 5 meM upakezavaMzI dUdhar3a samarathakAnA ne ratnapura meM mahAvIra kA maMdira banavAyA; vi.saM 521 meM gaThiyA gotrIya zAha devarAja ne AcArya zrI AdinAtha kA maMdira banavAyA jisakI pratiSThA AcArya siddhasUri jIne kI; vi.saM 531 meM kumaTa gotre zAha durjanazAla ne AcArya siddhasUri kA paTTamahotsava kiyaa| vi.saM 513 meM AdityanAgagotre coraDiyA zAkhA meM zAha dharamaNa sAdhu malakhanAdi ne nAgapura (nAgaura) meM pArzvanAtha kA maMdira banavAyA; vi.sa. 589 meM bAppanAgagotra zAha vIramadeva tolA jAgarUpAdine zatrunAdi tIrthoM kA saMgha nikAlA; vi.sa. 53 meM taptabhaTTa (tAteDa) ne nAgapura (nAgaura) meM zAha raghuvIra haracaMda ne AcArya devagupta sUri ne upadeza se zatrujayAdi tIrtha 1. kalpasUtra kI kalpadramukalikA TIkA kI sthirAvalI upakezagacche zrI ratnaprabhasUri: yena usiyAnagare koraMTanagara casamakAlaM pratiSThAkRtA rUpadvayaeNena cmtkaarshcdrshit| 2. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, 1146 3. vahI, pR 150 For Private and Personal Use Only

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200 nikAlA; vi.sa. 578 meM caMdrAvalI nagarI meM vIraharagotra sAraMga ke putra sAyara ne mAghazukla 5 ko AcArya kanakasUri ke paTTa mahotsava meM savAlakSa dravya vyaya kiyA; vi.saM 595 meM laghuzreSThi gotrIya zAha devAla dhanadeva ne AcArya kanakasUri ke upadeza se bhInamAla nagara meM zrI zatrujaya kA saMgha nikAlA jisameM sAtalakSa dravya vyaya kiyA gayA aura ciMcaTa gotre zAha vIradeva ne vi.saM 599 meM zatrujaya saMgha para 7 lakSa dravya kharca kiye| isI taraha kanojiyA gotra, (vi.se 908) morakhagotra (vi.sa. 658) bhUrigotra (vi.sa 497) prAgvaTavaMza (vi.sa. 302) ke ullekha milate haiN| ina pramANoM se vaMzAvaliyAM bharI par3I hai| vi.saM 33 meM upakezavaMzIya balAha gotra ke zAha vIramadeva ne eka mAhezvarI rAmapAla kI putrI se vivAha kara liyA, jisakA virodha huA kintu AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne isa vivAha kA zamana kiyaa| ina vaMzAvaliyoM se patA calatA hai ki kisa kisa samaya jainetara kSatriyoM ko pratibodha dekara kisa kisa jainAcArya ne jaina banAe aura jAtiyoM ke nAma saMskaraNa kiye / vaMzAvaliyAM adhika prAcIna to nahIM hai, kintu vaMza paramparA ke jJAna ko inameM saMcita kiyA gayA hai| 'nAbhinandana jinoddhAra' eka aitihAsika graMtha hai| isase patA calatA hai ki vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM upakezapura, upakezagaccha aura upakezavaMza kisa taraha the| isake anusAra marubhUmi kA bhUSaNa rUpa upakezapura nAma kA eka zreSThanagara hai, jo pRthvI para svastika kI taraha atisundara aura SaTaRtu ke phalaphUloM sahita bAga bagIce se zobhAyAtrA hai| vahAM rahane vAle munijana kanaka kAminI ke sambandha se bilkula mukta hai, parantu nAgarika logoM meM aisA koI dRSTikogocara nahIM hotA hai, jisake pAsa puSkala dravya aura vinIta sundara ramaNI na ho| usa nagara meM haMsoM kI cAla ramaNiyoM kI cAla haMsa binA hI upadeza ke zikSA pA rahe haiN| makAnoM para lagI maNiyoM kI kAMti se aMdhakAra kA nAza hotA hai aura tAlAboM ke andara kamala sadA praphullita rahate haiN| rAtri ke samaya makAna kI jAliyoM ke aMdara caMdra kI kiraNoM kA prakAza virahaNI auratoM ko kAmadeva ke bANa kI bhAMti saMtapta karatA hai| vyApAra kA to eka aisA kendra hai ki pitAputra alaga alaga vyApAra karane vAle cha cha mAsa meM bhI mila nahIM skte| usa nagara meM vIra nirvANa se 70veM varSa AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maMdira kI huI mUrti Aja paryanta vidyamAna hai| usa nagara meM vizAla evaM unnata dhana dhAnya sampanna eka saMgaThana meM saMgaThita upakeza nAma kA eka unnata vaMza hai aura jaise vaMza pattoM se eka bar3a zAkhAoM se zobhAyAtrA hai, vaise yaha upakezavaMza 18 gotra se zobhAyamAna hai|' 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA, prathama jilda, pR151-153 2. vahI, pR 156 3. vahI, pR 156 4. nAbhinandana jinoddhAra, 17-48 asti svasticavva da bhUmeru dezasya bhUSaNam / nisarga sarga subhagamupake zapuraM varam // sAgA yana sadArAmA adArA muni sattamAH / vidyante na puna: ko'pi tAddaka paureSu dRzyate // yatra rAmAgati haMsA rAmA vIkSya ca ladratima / vinopadeza manyonyaM tA~ kurvanti suzikSitAm / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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201 isa 'nAbhinandana jinoddhAra' meM zreSTi vesaTa kA vaMzavRkSa diyA hai| upakezavaMzIya vesaTa varadeva jinadeva nAgendra salakSaNa (pAlenapuragayA) ojaDa gosala desala (pATana gayA) samAsiha zAlhAzAha vi.saM 800 ke pUrva osavaMzIya loga bhArata meM cAroM ora phaila gaye the| muni zrI ratnavijaya jI mahArAja kI zodhakhoja se osiyA ke eka bhagna maMdira ke khaNDaharoM meM eka TUTI huI candraprabhajI kI mUrti ke nIce khaNDita patthara ke Tukar3e para vi.saM 602 AdityanAga gotre aMkita hai| isase yaha patA calatA hai ki saMvat 602 ke pUrva upakezapura osavaMziyoM se phalAphUlA aura AbAda thaa| vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM toramANa ke bAda mehirakula ke atyAcAroM se mAravAr3a meM vizAla saMkhyA meM osavAla, poravAla, zrImAla milate haiN| vi.sa. 802 meM AcArya zIlaguNa sUri se preraNA pAkara jaina zAsaka vanarAja cAvar3A ne aNahallapura nAmaka nayA pATanazahara bsaayaa| usa samaya caMdrAvalI bhinnamAlAdi mAravAr3a ke osavAlAdi jainoM ko pATaNa le gye| osiyAmaMdira kI prazasti ke zilAlekha meM upakezapura ke parihAra rAjAoM meM vatsarAja saraSISu saromAni vikacAni sadA'bhavana / yatra dI pragaNijyotiharvasta rAtri tamastavataH / / nizAsu gata bhartRNAM gRhajAleSu subhruvAm / prApta zcanaMdrakarA: kAmakSiptA rUNyA zarA iva // yatrAsti vIra nirvANa saptatyA vatsa rairga taiH / zrImadratnaprabhAcAryaiH sthApita: vIra maMdiram / / tadAdi nizcatAsIno yatrA khyAti jinezvaraH / zrI ratnaprabhasUrINAM pratiSThA'tizayaM jane / / 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, pR 162 2. vahI, pR163 For Private and Personal Use Only

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202 kI prazasti hai, jisakA samaya vikrama saMvat 783-84 hai|' vi.saM 508 kA eka zilAlekha koTA rAjya ke aTArU nAmaka grAma ke eka jaina maMdira meM milA hai, jisakI samAlocanA purAtatvajJa muMzI devIprasAda ne 'rAjapUtA kI zodhakhoja' meM kI hai / isa zilAlekha meM bhaMsAzAha kA nAma aMkita hai| bhaiMsAzAha ke nAmase hI mevAr3a kA bhaiMsaror3A basAyA gyaa| mahAvIra nirvANa se 84 varSa kA eka zilAlekha va gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda jI ojhA jI ko zodhakhoja meM varlI grAma se milA hai, jo ajamera ke ajAyabaghara meM surakSita hai|' madhyakAla meM bhAratIya itihAsa ke srotoM ko naSTa kiyA gayA, pustaka bhaNDAra jalA diye gaye, bhAratIya maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko khaNDita kiyA gayA, kIrti stambha aura asaMkhya zilAlekha naSTa kiye gaye aura hamAre aitihAsika dharohara ko lupta prAya: kara diyA gyaa|at: jo kucha upalabdha hotA hai, usI ke AdhAra para itihAsa kA bhavana nirmita hotA hai| __Aja bhAratIya itihAsakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hI nahIM, pArzvanAtha aura kRSNa ke cacere bhAI neminAthajI ko bhI itihAsapuruSa svIkAra karate haiN| aitihAsika pramANoM se maurya samrATa candragupta ho cuke haiM / nAgendra vasu ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki jo zilAlekha, stambhalekha, AjJApatra azoka ke mAne jAte haiM, ve unake pautra jaina samrATa samprAti ke haiN| kaliMgapati cakravartI mahArAjAkhAravela jainadharma ke upAsaka hI nahIM, apitu kaTTara pracArakathe, yaha ur3IsA kI hastIguphA ke lekha se spaSTa hai| 'upakezanagara basAne vAle upaladeva ko itihAsa se anabhijJa kaI vyakti paramAra kahate haiN| vastuta: ve paramAra nahIM the| bhATa bhojakoM kI daMta kathAoM ke atirikta kinhIM prAcIna graMthoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM utpaladeva rAjA ko paramAra likhA nahIM milatA hai| hamAre utpaladeva kA samaya vikrama se 400 varSa pUrva kA hai, usa samaya paramAroM kA astitva hI nahIM thaa| paramAroM ke AdipurUSa dhUmrarAja the| unake bAda utpaladeva nAma ke eka rAjA avazya hue, jinakA ki samaya vi.saM. kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA hai| inhIM paramAra jAti ke utpaladeva ko hamAre zrImAla nagara ke rAjavaMza meM utpanna huA sUryavaMzI utpaladeva ko eka hI samajha lenA, yaha eka akSamya bhUla hai|' 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhImasena ke putra utpaladeva hue jo paramAra nahIM the / ' gorIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA jI ke ne 'kuvalayamAlA' kathA ko AdhAra banAkara yaha svIkAra 1. pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, 1164 2. vahI, pR165 3. vahI, pR165 4. vahI, pR175 5. vahI, pR175 6. vahI, pR177-178 7. upakezagaccha paTTAvalI tatra zrI rAjA bhImasena: tatputra utpaladeva kumAra apara nAma zrI kumAra: tasya bAMdhava: zrI surasundaro yuvarAjo rAjya bhAre dhurandharaH / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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203 kiyA hai ki vi.saM. 400 varSa pUrva aura isake pUrva bhinnamAla para gurjaroM kA rAjya thaa| vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hUNa toramANa paMjAba kI ora se mAravAr3a meM AyA, usa samaya bhI bhinnamAla para gurjaroM kA hI rAjya thaa| toramANa ne gurjaroM ko parAjita kara diyA, ata: ve gurjara lATa prAnta kI ora cale gye| una gurjara logoM ke nAmAnusAra hI usa prAnta kA nAma gurjara par3a gyaa| hUNa toramANa AyA thA, usa samaya mAravAr3a meM nAgapura (nAgaura), upakezapura, jAbalIpura (jAlaura) mADavyapura evaM bhinnamAlAdi Adi aneka prasiddha nagara the| ina prakaraNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya bhinnamAla nagara acchA AbAda nagara hogaa| jisa samaya toramANa ne bhinnamAla meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI, usa samaya vahA~ para jainAcAryoM haridatta evaM devagupta virAjate the| unhoMne toramANa ko jainadharma kA upadeza dekara jaina dharmAnuyAyI bnaayaa|' osiyAke mahAvIra maMdira meM vi.saM 1013 kA zilAlekha lagA huA hai| isa zilAlekha meM upakezapura meM pratihAra vatsarAja kA rAjya honA likhA hai| vatsarAja parihAra kA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI kA hai, ata: AThavIM zatAbdI meM upakezapura acchA AbAda thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha aTakala lagAI ki osavaMza ke saMsthApaka ratnaprabhasUri (prathama) na hokara aMtima ratnaprabhasUri hai| Adya ratnaprabhasUri aura aMtima ratnaprabhasUri ke bIca 900 varSoM kA antara hai| aMtima ratnaprabhasUri samaya ke to anekoM graMtha Aja milate haiM, kintu kisI bhI graMtha yA zilAlekha se yaha patA nahIM calatA ki vikrama kI pAcavIM zatAbdI meM aMtima ratnaprabhasUri ne osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA kI ho, kyoMki usa samaya kA itihAsa itane aMdhere meM nahIM hai|' vidvAnoM ne yaha bhI aTakala bAjI lagAI ki osiyA ke mahAvIra maMdira meM vi.sa. 1013 kA zilAlekha prApta huA hai, isaliye yaha anumAna lagA liyA ki osavaMza kI utpatti dasavIM gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM huI ho| yaha zilAlekha atyaMta khaNDita hai aura isakA lekha na 1. zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, 456 2. osiyA ke mahAvIra maMdira kA zilAlekha tasyA kASatkila premNAlakSmaNaH pratihAratAm tato'bhavan pratihAra vaMzorAma samudravaH // dadvaMze sabazI bazIkRta ripuH zrI vatsarAjo'bhavatkIrtirya tuSAra hAra vimalA jyotsnAstiraskAriNI nasminmAmi sukhena vizva vivare natveva tasmAdvahinnirgantu rigibhendra danta musala vyAjAda kaaOmmnuH|| 3. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, prathama jilda, pR 182 4. osiyA kA mahAvIramaMdira kA zilAlekha prakaTa mahimA maNDapaH kArito'tra bhUmaNDalo maNDapa: pUrvasyAM kakumi tribhArA vikalAsan goSThikAnu tena jinadevadyAma tatkAritaM punaramuNa bhUSaNaM saMvatsara dazatyAmArNakAyA vatsaraistrayo dazami phAlguna zukla tRtIya For Private and Personal Use Only

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204 osavAloM kI utpatti kA hai, na mahAvIra ke maMdira kI mUla pratiSThA kaa| isa zilAlekha meM osiyA meM pratihAroM kA rAjya honA likhA hai, jisameM vatsarAja pratihAra kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| yaha maMdira vi.saM 1013 meM nahIM banA, isake pahale AcArya kanakasUri ne mahAvIra maMdira meM zAMtipUjana par3hAkara bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI mUrti saMvat 1011 caitra sudI 6 ko karAI, jisakA zilAlekha' upalabdha T isa prakAra ' upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 70 varSa pazcAt arthAt vikramasaMvat 400 varSa pUrva osiyAM meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke AcArya ratnaprabha sUri jI ne mahAjana vaMza kI sthApanA kii| mahAjana vaMza kA hI nAmAntara tadanantara meM upakezavaMza huA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saMvat 1393 meM viracita 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' meM osiyA meM mahAvIra maMdira ke nirmANa prasaMga meM nagara ke udbhava kI kathA bhI dI hai| 'jaina zAstroM ke prAcIna graMtha bhaNDAra meM isa graMtha kI viziSTatA aura prAmANikatA asaMdigdha hai| jainAcArya AtmarAmajI (Anandavijaya jI) ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'timira bhAskara' ke dUsare bhAga meM sampUrNa paTTAvalI prakAzita kI hai| prasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAna itihAsakAra pro. e. epha. hornale ne 'iNDiyana eMTIkkerI' (189) meM isa avikala AMgla bhASA anuvAda TippaNiyoM ke sAtha prakAzita karavAyA thA / ' 2 zrI kanakasUri kRta 'nAbhinandana jinoddhAra' graMtha meM bhI upakezapura kI samRddhi aura vistAra kA varNana hai / donoM graMtha vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM likhe hue haiN| ' (2) bhAToM aura bhojakoM kA mataH 24 vikrama saMvat osavaMza ke udbhava kA dvitIya mata bhATo aura bhojakoM kA mata hai| jitane bhI bhAToM aura bhojakoM ke guTake upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI osavaMza ke udbhava kA samaya 222 vikrama saMvat mAnate haiN| isameM saMgrahakarttAoM ko nimnAMkita sthAnoM se guTake upalabdha hue haiM: - 1. osiyA ke mahAvIra maMdira kA zilAlekha 1. pUrNacandra nAhara graMthAgAra 2. eziyAiTika sosAiTI kA hastalikhita graMthabhaNDAra 3. rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, bIkAnera 4. kezariyA nAtha maMdira graMthAgAra 5. sva. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI saMgraha 6. abhaya jaina graMthAlayaya (agaracaMdajI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA), bIkAnera oma saMvat 1011 caitra sudI 6 zrI kakkAcArya ziSya devadattA guruNA upakezIya caityagRha asvayuja caitra SaSTayaM zAMti pratimA sthApaniya gaMdodakAn divAtikAmA sulapratimA iti // 2. mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA, itihAsa kI amarabela (prathama bhAga ), pR62-63 3. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama bhAga, pR 63 For Private and Personal Use Only

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205 7. kelar3I maMdira graMthAgAra 8. gurrA sA gaNapatarAyajI kA guTakA (adhUrA) 1. pUrNacaMdra nAhara graMthAgAra - prasiddha itihAsakAra aura purAtatvavetA aura jaina lekhasaMgraha ke prasiddha lekhaka bhI pUraNacaMdra nAhara ke kalakattA sthita graMthAgAra meM eka anAtha bhATa kA guTakA milA hai| yaha osavAloM kI utpatti kathA aura kIrti kA vyAkhyAtA hai| isameM spaSTa kahA hai 'utpatti kahuM usvaal|' isake anusAra bhInamAla meM bhIma rAjya karatA thaa| usake do putra the- surasundara aura upl| maMtrI ke bhI do putra the - dharaNa aura uhdd'| dharaNa kI patnI ne devara ko upAlambha diyaa| Uhar3a ko bhAvaja kI bAta laga gaI aura donoM ne nayA durga banAne kI yojanA banAI - kavitta zrI surasatI dejyo mudA Asai bahuta vizAla nAsai saba saMkaTa paro, utpatti kahu~ usavAla / / 1 / / deza kise kiNa nagara meM, jAta huI chai eha suguru dharama sikhAviyo, kahisyu aba sasane ha / / 2 / / pura sundara dhAma basai sakalaM, kiranyAvata pAvasa hoya bhalaM caUTA caurAzi virAja khare, pagabhelaya jora sugyAna dharai / / 1 / / bhinamAla karai nita rAjaparaM, bhala bhIma narendra upaMti varaM paTarANI ke doya sutanna bharaM, sura sundara Upala matta dharaM / / 2 / / alakA nagarI jiha rIta kharI, aThabIsa babAkarI sobha dharI tasa nArI basai bahu sukha kahI, dukha jAba na pAsai sudUra ttrii||3|| triya sundara opama phUla kalI, kanaA mayaoNM utarI bijalI mugatAmbara jema cale padharama, bahurUpa bhalo manu kAmaharaM / / 4 / / sura sundara jeTha sahodara chai, laghu Upala rAva jodhAra achai sura loka meM bhI gayA padharA, bhinamIla ko rAja bar3I jukarA // 5 // puna doya sahodara mitra bhalA, sama rUpa mayaMka sudhAra kalA nalarAla manamatha rUpa jisA, mahirAMNa athagga sobhAya isaa||6|| kiraNAla tapai puna bhAga bhalaM, aridUra bhajai ika Apa balaM aMgarAga udAra dIpaMti kharA, kila chAtA paMvAramugaTTa kharA / / 7 / / duraga mAMhi maMtrI taNA beTA doya sarUpa bar3o duraga mAMhi rahai rupiyA koDa anUpa / / 1 / / sahara mAMhi choTo basai lAkha ghATa chai koDa baDai bhrAta nai isa kahai karU koDa rI jor3a / / 2 / / 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 80-81 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 206 eka lAkha deve kharA duraMga basUM huM Aya balatI bhojAI kahai bacana suno cita lAya 11311 devara jI suNa jyoM tumheM kiso koTa chai sUna yA viNa AyA hI marai rAkho ye aba mUna ||4|| bar3aU dharaNa bakhANIyai choTo Uhar3a jAMNa uThIyo bacana suNIkarI laghu baMdhava harirANa 11511 kopa aMga tiNa bela ghaNa nayo basAu TraMga ema kahI Ayo sahara bahulo porasa aMga ||6|| upala nai pAsai jai vade pAchalI bhojAI moso diyo suvAlo muja tAta 11711 bAta nAharajI ke graMthAgAra meM kucha aura chanda mile haiM jisameM bhojakoM ke daphtara se osavAloM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| isake anusAra zrImAla nagara meM Uhar3a rUhar3a do bhAI the| donoM zreSThiputra the| Uhar3a ko usakI bhAbhI ne upAlambha diyaa| eka dina Uhar3a rAjaputra Upala ke pAsa AyA aura donoM ne nayA nagara basAne kI tthaanii| yaha donoM maNDovara aae| inhoMne osiyA nagara basAyA / vahA~ ratanasUri AcArya pdhaare| ve jainadharma nahIM, zivadharma jAnate the / sAdhu ne pUnI se sarpa banAyA aura zreSThaputra sukhasena soyA thA, usa samaya pINiyA sarpa ne viSa pilA diyaa| usa samaya rAjA unakA ziSya huaa| isa kathA meM saMvat 'vIye bAise' meM rAjapUta kaumoM se osavAloM ke 18 gotra banane ke sAtha bhojakoM kI utpatti kathA bhI hai - bhojakoM ke daphtara se osavAloM kI utpatti zrImAla basai doya seTha bhale nidhi uhar3a rUhar3a bhAI / ninAnu rUhar3a so lAkha uhar3a savAI 11 uhar3a icchA upanI koTa meM bAsa karIjai / binatI karI bIraku dAma lakha udhArA dIjai / / basai koTa thAhIM binA bhojAI mukha bhAkhiyo / maraNa bhalo dhraga mAMgaNoM hRdaya meM gUso rAkhiyo ||1|| sahara basai zrImAla gAMva cobIsa girI de / rAja karai pauMvAra dUTha rAjA dezala de // dezala suta dasa doya upala omAdikha dAkhIjai / bijo par3hA diye dUNa upala do sera javAra dIrIjai // eka dina kaMvara upala kanee kara jor3a rUhar3a kahaiM / pura sU~ alaga par3a pagala to rAva tuma mo pAse raheM ||2|| sUraja ugai sAsatA kavara nita goTa karAve / rUr3e cita rAvatAM AvatAM Avadha banAve // For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAMNa baMkA anabhaMga ThATha ghor3AM gaja ThaThThAM ha ATha pora udamAda banAve nija guNa ThaThThAM // rAja re kAja mAre rakhai o to dANava UTiyo / kavara pradhAna eko kare duSTa jAna desATo diyo ||3|| gAr3I sahasa guNatISa ratha bala seSa igyAra / azva sahasa aThAra pragaTa pAya gANa pAle / / uMca sahasa pacIsa tIsa hAthI madha jharaMtA / dasa sahasa dukAna kuMvara vyopAra karaMtA // pAna se zeSa vipra maghAmilakara sAte maMDIyA / seTa to uhar3a upara chantoM etA chaMDIyA ||4|| sakala ocAlo sahita Upala maMjovara Ave / maMjovara ro dhanI deza pura maila dekhAve // nAya base nava terI baDama Apa basAvo isa maMDovara ake kaMvara jI rAja karAvo // maMgA vipra tare kayo eka arja sunIjiye / basa jAya sahara upala base koI upAya karIjiye |15|| magA vipra tina samaya eka mana sakta arAdhe / suprasanna huI sakta ArAkena arAdhe 11 jada kayo kara jor3a tave eka rAkasa cAvo / mAjI jinane mAra bastiyAM sahara basAvo // mAriyo tabe maratA mukhAM karuNAkara vosekayo moya nAva namra basai devI ketA vara diyo |16|| piMData jozI pUcha turta vasI nava terI / bastI basata kara vica kare sevA siva kerI // devI re baradAna putra rAjasa phala pAyo / jinaro nAma jaicaMdra varSa paMdare paranAyo 11 nikaTa rAja osyAM nagara ke bhUpa upala kareM ratana sUra / prabhu Ayo osiyAM nagara ayA InIja avasara |17|| narazA sahara vicAra prama guru ziSya paThAyo / ziSya phira Ayo ra sakala Ahara kiNI na pAyo || ati huye udAsa parama mana meM pichatAyo / bade madhura subaina vipra bhojana bairAyo || siva dharma rahA jAne sako jAne na dharma jaina ro / siSya ko ratanasUra prabhu ne koI upAva dharma ro karo // 8 // siSya tanI katha sune ke dara guru ko paja kIno / Ano punI eka duye ziSya jeTho dIno // For Private and Personal Use Only 207

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208 jeThe cele jAya loga kara puNI lAyo / kara mAyA kAraNI viSa pilo banAyo / seTha suta kavara sutAM sukha seja meM maja devAroM mAlIye / pI gayo sAsa pilo panaMga dharatI tAte jAlIye / / 9 / / dovar3I ratI dirAya ANa jirANa utArI / bar3A jeTha jeThava pati upara jadoM adhikArI / / guru paThAyo ziSya ziSya kirata kaI sArI / kyuM jalAvo jIva ne jivAve jar3I hamArI / / AnIyAkavara guru Agale kavarA ne jIvata kiyA / eka eka sAre nagara dezala suta guru ne diyA / / 10 / / prathama sAkha pavAra sAkha gelota zrRMgAra / rina thambara rAThor3a basu cauvAna bar3AlA / / bhATi daiyAbula kAvA paDiyAlA / voDauva hADA jAdava gor3a moyala goyala makarANA / / tuara bhUpa kharabara tano letA paTA lAkharA / eka dina itarA osavAla hu itanI sAkharA / / 3 / / sAvaNa pakha sutAta saMvat viye na bAI se / arka vAra aThama osavAla huA upadeze / iSTa cAvaMDa arAdhe jar3I mAta kavara jivAyo / devI jinaro divasa nAma jada sAcala pAyo / / cAra sahasa rAjasa kulI zrAvaga jJAnI samApiyA / ratana sUra prabhu osiyAM nagara osavAla thira thApiyA / 12 / / viprAM kiyo vicAra erA ziva dharma uthApe / sitAba jAMdIyA kina kare juara ke tAMI / / Upara karavA Apa car3ha sAcala AI / sicI AI bicai munivara sabe pragaTa saca prItapAla kaa| je kade virace osavaMsa to karasI gaTa ko kAlakA / / 13 / / viprA kInI vinatI zravaNa cAvaMDa sunIjai / kopa kiyo jI kRpA dayAvara dAnaja dIjai / / sAco muja zarApa bacana kima cave, hamAro badasI / mAla beloM bade hosI vipra thorA kayo / osiyAM taja jAsI alaga devI karatA vara diyo / / 14 / / gAMveTA gunIyA supe jina kari sevA / deveM vivA dAna lAkhA tIrI jasa levA / / baDama sutAratha vyAva valA AzIza banAve / avasara dUta apAra vidhe ghara ku~vara badhAve / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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209 upala deva osIyA nagara zeNa mAla samApiyA / bhAva su madhAkara bhojaka thIra kula prohita thApiyA / / 15 / / eziyAiTika sosAiTI meM upalabdha guTake kalakattA sthita eziyAiTika sosAiTI meM eka hastalikhita guTakA upalabdha hai, isakA zIrSaka hai osavAlA rI utpata rA kvitt|' nAhara jI ke guTake aura isa guTake meM 15 kavittoM ke kathAnaka to samAna hai, kintu do guTake bhinna haiN| isameM pahale kavitta meM spaSTa kathana hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 52 varSa pIche ratnaprabhasUri AcArya pada para padAsIna hue aura ve osiyA pdhaare| inhoMne eka lAkha assI hajAra rAjakuloM ko pratibodhita kiyA aura isa prakAra osiyA nagarI meM osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA kii| isase spaSTa kathana hai ki zrAvaNa pakSa meM 222 saMvat meM osavaMza kI sthApanA kA upadeza diyaa| taba paramAra Upala ke atirikta gahalota, cauhAna, rAThaur3a aura rAjapUtoM kaumoM ke osavAla hone kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu paramAra Upala kahakara inake bhI osavAla hone kA saMketa de diyA haiM - zrI vardhamAna jina pache pATa bAvane pada lIdho satagura Ake saMsAra nAmaM guradA otho dIdho tAta ATha dasa barasa nagara oyasIyA Ae pratabodhe cAmuMDa nAma tIhAM sAcala pAe eka lAkha assI hajAra rAjaku la pratibodhiyA zrI bijai ratnaprabhasUra oIsIyA nagara osavAla thira thaapiyaa| zrAvaNa pakha sitAta saMvata bIe nai bAvIse araka vAra AThama osa vaMsa huA upadeze pratibodha paramAra upala jaina dharama meM Ayo prathama gota so pA~ca bAvana sahata baMdhAyo nava maNa janoI brAhmaNa avasadharI utArIyA bhojana jImAya thApiyA bhojaga kIdhA tasa AraMbha karIyaH / / eziyAiTika sosAiTI meM aise aura bhI guTake haiM, jisameM do mukhya haiM - (1) bilAr3A paraganA ke olavI grAma ke ThAkura daulatasiMha bhATI ke yahA~ se upalabdha huA hai, jo vikrama saMvat 1917 kA hai| (2) sevaga sukharAma loDAvata kA hai| ina donoM ke nAgarI rUpAntara diye jA rahe haiN| eziyATika sosAyaTI ke eka aura guTake meM osavAla vaMza kI utpati ke kathAnaka para prakAza par3atA hai| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR86 For Private and Personal Use Only

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210 guTakA naM. 1 - grAma olavI paraganA bilAr3A ke ThAkura daulatasiMha bhATI (rAjapUta) kI pustaka meM sAdhu bAlArAma kA vikrama saMvat 1971 meM likhe chanda kA nAgarI rUpAntara : kavitta zrImIla basai doya seTha rohaDa ne uhar3a bhAI ninAe~ uhar3a re lAkha rohaDa so lAkha savAi uhar3a IuDA upanI koTa mai mehala karI .jai vinatI kare vIra soM lAkha dAna udhAra dIja basai koTa thAhIM bigara ema bhojAI mukha bhAkhIyo maraNa bhalo dhRga mAMgaNo hRdaya meM goso rAkhIyo / / 1 / / zahara base zrImAla gAja cobIsa garada hai rAja kare paramAra UTha rAjA dezalade tihA~ dezala putra datrA doya upala aNamInIta AbIje paTAijA para dhela doya sera juvAra upala na dIjai divasa eka upala ne dekhane ku~vara ne Uhar3a kahe pura sUraja ka kapar3oM uchala rAvata iNividha goMr3ha rahai / / 2 / / sUraja uge sAsatI kuvara nita goTha karADai rUDe kAja rAvatA~ asa Avadhi aNADai maDa bAMkA aNa jaMgA dhoDAM gaja ghaTAM ATo pohara unamAda bhaNA ugaDA guja bhaTAM rAja re kAja mArai rabai oto dANava uThIyo kuMvarA rAva ukhI naeko kare duSTa jANi deso dIyo / / 3 / / ATha sahasa asavAra rata sahasa igyAraha gAmI sahatra guNatIta pAyakapAlA nahIM pAra hai uThIsaha sahasa aThAraha tIsa hAthI mada jharaMtA dasa sahasa dUkAna kulaha vyApAra karatAM pokaraNarAva pramAra re mela gharevAra sAthe maMdIyA uhar3a para zrImAla lakhAM badaMtA e tAva dIyA / / 4 / / se hasa uchAlA sahita upala maMDovara Ayo maMDovara rA dhaNI karI mahira deza pUra mahila dikhAyo paMDita jozI pUba urata basAI nava torI veda khatrI yAM dhara bace karo sevA ziva ke rI ziva ro rAha jANe sako jANe nahIM rAha jaina ro ziSya kahai ratmaprabhasUra ne koIka vIcAra dharaNa rokro||5|| ziSya taNIkathA suNai kaha kaha ura kopa ja kIdho ANo pUNI eka kayo-ziSya ne jaThe dIpa taThe cale jAya For Private and Personal Use Only

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211 lobha kaja pUNI lyAyo kInI mAyA kAramI viSahara pINoja baNAyau seTha seTha suta suto sahaja makabapAre mAlIye pI gayo sarva vINo pa jaMga jIravAMNa lejAye jAlIye / / 6 / / badI rathI baNAya AMNa jAkhANa utArI vaDa jAna bhUpa to upala sarIkhA ahaMkArI jAlaNa vAra jatIye ANaM dIdhI upala rI jAlo kyU~ o jIva jIvANa jar3I baijerI A~Niyo kuMvara guru AgalA kuvara ne jIvato kiyo nara ekama thAre nagara dezala sata gura nai diyo / / 7 / / vardhamAna jina thakI pATa bAvane pada lIdho zrI ratna prabha sUri nAma tA sadagura dIdho tiNa sU aTha dasa barasa nagara osIyA Ae pratibodha bAdhAda nAMmati hAMsA cala pAe cyAra lAkha caurAsI sahasavara rAjakumAra pratibodhiyA zrI ratna prabha sUra uIsA nagara thira usavAla tharapiyA // 8 // zrAvaNa pakha sitAt saMvata vIye bAvIse arka vAra AThama usavaMza huvo upadese pratibodhyA pamAra upala jina dharma meM Avo atha mago tasai pAMca bola sahita ba~dhAyoM nava maNa janou brAhmaNa aMsavatara utAriyo bhojana jImAya brahmA bhojagAM kiyA thita Arambha kA rIyA // 9 // iti zrI usavAla upatapantiH / likhitaM jodhapura madhye sAdhu bAlArAmeNa vikrama saMvat 1971 phAlguna sudi 12 zuka dine / IsavI san 1915 pharavarI tA. 26 1 gAMva olavI paraganA bilAr3A ke ThAkura bhATI daulata siMha jI kI pustaka se likhii|| guTakA naM. 2 - sevaga sukharAma loDAvata ke chanda kA nAgarI rUpAntara: etha osavAloM rI utapata lIkhate / zrImAla base doya seTha, bhalI rIddha uhar3a na rUhar3a bhaaii| nInANU uhar3a re lAkha, rUhar3a sau lAkha svaaii| Uhar3a icchatA upanI, koTa meM mahala karIje / vinatI kIdhI vIra , dAma lAkha udhArA dIje / base koTa thAI bigara, bhojAI mukha bhAkhIyo / maraNa bhalo dhRga mAMgIyo, haride meM gose rAkhIyo // 1 // sahara baso zrImAla, gAu caubIsa garad hai / 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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212 rAja kare pramAra, duTha rAjA dezala hai / dezala putra dasa doya, upala aNamAne to akhIje / dujA paTA duNA, uvAne doya sera jvAra hai dIje / eka divasa upala ne dekhIne, kavara ne uhar3a kahai / pura surI ja kanhaiM kapar3A pragala rAvata mo gaiDe rahe / / 2 / / suraja uTho sAsatI, ka~vara nita goTha karAr3e / rUr3e hita rAvatA, ise AvadhI anAr3e / bhar3a baMgA aNa bhaMga ThATa ghor3A gaja thaTAM / ATha pohara umAda bhaNADe pamAr3a guNa bhaTAM / rAja re kAja mAre rakhe, o to dAnava uThIyo / kavara paradhAna aiko kare, duSTa jANa desoTo dIyo / / 3 / / aTha sahasa asavAra, ratha sahaja igyAraha / gAr3I sahasa guNa tIsa, pAlA pAIka nahIM pAra hai / oThI sahasa aThAra, tIsa hAthI mada jharaMta / dasa sahasa dukAna koDa vyApAra karaMta / pAkaraNa rAva juvAra re, mela ghara bAra sAtha maMDIyA / seTha uhar3a ne upali sahata char3atAM sAte chaMDIyA / / 4 / / sahasa ucAlA sAtha, upala maMDovara Ayo / maMDovara re dhaNI, disapura mehala dIkhAvo / paMDita jozI pUcha turata vasAI nava terI / veda ghara khatrIyA bAcIjai, kare seTha sevA vipra kerI / ziva rI rAha jANe zako, nahIM jANe dharma jaina ro / ziSya kahe ratna prabhu sUra ne, koI ka vicAra dharma ro karo / / 5 / / vardhamAna jina takI, pATa bAvane pada lIdho / zrI ratana prabhu sura, nAma vAjha guru dIdho / tAte ATha dasa barasa, nagara oyasAM Ayai / pratibodhe cAmaMDa nAma, tasAcala pAe / cAra lAkha caurAsI hajAra ghara rAjakulI prabha baaNdhiiyaa| zrI ratna prabhu sura oyasA nagara osavAla thIra thNpiiyaa||6|| sAvaNa pakha zrI tAtu saMvata vIye bAbIse / arakavAra (sUryavAra) AThama osa vaMsa huA padese / pratabodhe pavAra, upala jyAne dharama Aye / atha gota pA~ca sau, bAyala bho nyAta ba~dhAye / maNa nava janoI brAhmaNAM, azaMka mala utArIyA / bhojana jImAya thApIyA, bhojaga kara thIta AraMbha kAkIyA // 7 // prathama gota tAter3a biye bAphaNA bAhadara / For Private and Personal Use Only

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213 kuharatIyA karaNAvaTa, vale modaka sahodara / kurahada birahada sIkhara zrImAla sujANa hai / DIDU laghu kaMDelavAla veda pAraka bakhANa hai / Adaha kanhA bhUra jadraka kuMbhaTa cIMkaca knojiiyaa| zrI vIradhamAna surapATa avicala sahI osavAla thIra thaapiyaa||8|| ukta donoM kavittoM meM zrImAla nagara ke rAjA dezala ke rAjaku~vara Upala evaM rohaNa aura UhaDa do bhrAta zreSThiyoM kA ullekha haiN| Uhar3a aura Upala dvArA maMDora ke pAsa osiyA basAne, ratnaprabhasUri ke osiyA padharane, Upala sahita 4 lAkha 84 hajAra kSatriyoM ko bIye bAIse' meM osavAla banAne evaM bhojakoM kI utpatti kA bhI ullekha hai| kintu donoM kavittoM meM kucha bhinnatAe~ bhI haiM aura ve baDI sArthaka haiM / sevaga sukhArAma ke chanda meM jina prathama 18 gotroM kA ullekha hai, ve osavAloM ke Adi gotra haiM, parantu sAdhu bAlArAma ke chanda meM bAda ke 18 rAjapUta gotroM kA nAmollokha hai| nAhara jI ke saMgraha meM upalabdha guTakoM se ukta chandoM kA milAna karane para eka aura mahattvapUrNa tathya dRSTigocara hotA hai| eziyATika sosAyaTImeM upalabdha kavittoM meM osavaMza pratiSThApaka ratnaprabha sUri kA spaSTata: bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nivArNa ke 42 varSa bAda AcArya pada para AsIna honA evaM usake 18 varSa anantara osiyA padhArane kA ullekha hai| isa dRSTi se ye pada osavAloM kI utpatti ke kAla-nirNaya meM bahuta sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| ina donoM guTakoM meM zreSThi bhrAtA- rohar3a aura Uhar3a haiN| zrImAla nagara kA rAjA dezalade hai| prathama jaina rAjA ko paramAra hI mAnA hai| Upala aura uhar3a maNDovara aae| Upala ne osiyAM nagarI basAI / vahA~ ratnaprabhasUri padhAre / vahA~ unhoMne cAra lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjakumAroM ko pratibodha diyaa| 'vIye vAise' ke zrAvaNa ke zukla pakSa meM osavaMza kI prasthApanA kii| prathama kavitta kA sevaka jodhapura kA bAlAdabheNa hai, jisane vikrama saMvata 1971 kI phAlguna sudi 12 zukravAra, IsvI san 1915 pharavarI kI 26 tArIkha ko olavI paraganA bilAr3A ke ThAkura bhATI daulata siMha jI kI pustaka milii| dvitIya kavitta meM spaSTa likhA hai 'lIkhatu sevaga sukharAma lodd'aavt| isameM bhI kahA hai ki 'zrImAla nagara meM do zreSThi putra the- uhar3a aura ruuhdd'| Uhar3a ko bhAbhI ne upAlambha diyA, vaha rAjakumAra Upala ke pAsa AyA aura nayA nagara basAne kI yojanA bnaaii| dezala ke bhI do hI putra 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR86 rAjasthAna rAjya ke rAjakIya prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna meM nimnAMkita guTake upalabdha haiM 1. osavAla rI jAti vigata (kramAMka 655) 2. osavAla jAtyupAtti kavitta (kramAMka 3334) 3. kavi bhAIdAsa racita kUkar3a copar3A rI utpatti (kramAMka 3340) 4. osavAla jAti utpatti varNana (kramAMka 3978) 5. itihAsa osavaMza (kramAMka 27033) 6. usavAla vaMza utpatti rA kavitta (kramAMka 655) For Private and Personal Use Only

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214 the| yahA~ bhI pamAr3a gotra hI mAnA hai| donoM maNDovara aae| vardhamAna ke pATa para vikrama saMvat 52 meM ratnaprabhasUri pATa para viraaje| ve oyasA nagara pdhaare| inhoMne cAra lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjakuloM meM pratibodha diyA aura isa taraha zrI ratnaprabhasUri ne oyasA nagara meM osavAla jAti kI sthApanA kii|' zrAvaNa pakSa ke 24 saMvata meM sUryavAra aSTama ko osavaMza kI sthApanA huii| isa kavitta meM 18 gotroM kI sthApanA kA bhI varNana hai| (3) rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, bIkAnera meM upalabdha guTake ina kavittoM meM osavAla kI jAti kI utpatti sambandhI chanda eziyAiTika sosAiTI ke guTakoM chandoM ke lagabhaga samAna hai| aMtima guTakA velAnuttaradAsa dvArA likhita hai / isa guTake aura sAdhu-belArAma aura sukharAma ke guTake meM chanda sAmya nimnanusAra hai| vardhamANa jiNa thakA pIr3hI bAramI pada lIdho zrI ratana prabha sUra nAma te sata gura dIdho / te suM aTha dasa barasa nagara oIsA Ae pratibodhI cAmuMDa nAma te , sAcala pAe / cAra lAkha caurAsI sahasa thira rAjaputra pratibodhiyA zrI ratana prabhasUri oIsA AvIyA osavAla thirpNthpiiyaa| sAvaNa pakha sitAta, saMvat bIye bAI se arakavAra AThama oIsa vaMza huyo / upadeze pratibodhyA pramAra upala jiNa dharamA Ayo prathama gauta sau pAMca nAMvala sahita baMdharAIyo / maNa nava janoI brAhmaNAM asaMyana re utArIyA bhojana jImAku bhojagAM kIyA thita ArimakIrIyA / / prathama gota tAter3a bIyA bAphaNI bahAdura / / kahaM tIyA karNATa bala moraka sahodara / ku rahada virahaTa saghana zrI zrImAla sujANAM DIDu laghu khaMDelavAla veda pArakha bakhANAM / / AdityanAtha mUraja kahai kU bhaTa cIMcaTa kanojIyA zrI ratana prabha jaga meM acala, usavAla thithaM pIyA / / guTakA saMkhyA 2 kramAMka 3334 meM do hI padya hai, isake anusAra bhI ratnaprabhasUri osiyA padhAre / inhoMne cAra lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjakuloM ko pratibodhita kiyA aura isa taraha osavAla jAti kI sthApanA kii| yaha unhoMne 24 saMvat ke zrAvaNa ke zukla pakSa meM kiyaa| isa dina ravivAra thA aura aSTamI thii| yaha guTakA 1828 vikrama saMvat kA likhA pratIta hotA hai| usavAla gotrAMro zrI vardhamAna jina thakI pIr3hI bAraha pada liyo zrI ratana prabha sUri nAma dAula guru diyo For Private and Personal Use Only

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215 tAse ATha dasa barasa nagara usIyA Ae pratibodhe cAmuMDa nAma tihAM sAccula pAe cAra lAkha caurAsI sahasa rAjakulI pratibodhiyA zrI ratana prabhu sUri usyA nagara usavAla thirathapiyA sAvaNa pakha sitAta saMvata bIyai bAvIse arka vAra AThamma usa vaMsa chavo upade se pratibodha pamAra upala jina dhrama ha Ae prathama gota pA~ca sai bAvala bhaya bota baMdhAe maNa nava jano u brAhmaNAM asaMka melI utArIyA bhojana jimAi thAkA bhojaga karithiti Arambha kA kiyA // 2 // 4. kezariyA nAtha maMdira graMthAgAra ke guTake isa graMthAgAra meM do guTake upalabdha haiM (1) guTakA naM. 4, 'kavitta usavAlAM rI utpatti ro' (2) guTakA naM. 29 prathama guTakA adhika mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isa para saMvat 1801 aMkita hai| yaha sambhavata: prAcInatama guTakA hai| isameM upala dezala suta hai| uhar3a-upala donoM zrImAlanagara se maNDora Ae, osiyA basAyA aura ratnaprabhasUri ne 24 vi.saM. meM pratibodhita kara osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA kii| dvitIya guTake meM bhI kathAnaka samAna hai| guTakA saMkhyA 4 ke do chanda uddhRta hai| ye donoM chanda rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, bIkAnera ke kramAMka 655 ke guTake ke chandoM ke samAna hai| yahA~ bhI saMvat 'vIye vAiye' hI kahA hai| varddhamANa jiNa thakI pIr3hI bAramI pada lIdho zrI ratana prabha sura nAma tesa guru dIdho te suM aTha dasa barasa nagara oIsA Ae pratIbodhI cAmuMDa nAma tai sAcala pAe cAra lAkha caurAsI sahasa thira rAjaputra pratibodhiyA zrI ratana prabha sUra oIsA nagara osavAla thirthpiiyaa||8|| sAvaNa pakha sitAta samvat vIyai bAI se araka vAra AThama oisa vaMza huyo upadesa pratibodhyA pamAra opala jina dharma meM Ayo prathama gota so pAMca bAbala sahita ba~dhAyo maNa nava jinoI brAhmaNa asaMkha nare utArIyA bhojana jImAvana bhojagAM kIyA thita aarimkaariiyaa||9|| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR91-92 For Private and Personal Use Only

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216 5. sva. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI saMgraha inake saMgraha meM kavi udayaratna 'pAMca pATa rAsa' nAmaka eka guTakA upalabdha hai| isameM tInoM jaina jAtiyoM- zrImAla, osavAla aura poravAla jAtiyoM kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai| zrImAliyoM kI kuladevI mahAlakSmI hai, poravAloM kI ambikA aura osavAloM kI saMciyA devI sIdha purIIM pohatA svAmI vIra jI antrjaamii| gautama Ade gahU gATa bIca mAhe bahI gayA pATa / / trevIsa upare ATha bA~dhA dharmano bAMTa zrI rahapi / ratna prabhU sUrizvara rAje AcAraja pada chAje / / zrI ratna prabha sUri rAya kezInA ke r3avAya / sAta sau sekA ne samayere zrImIla nagara sanUra // zrI zrImalI thApiyA re mahAlakSmI hajUra / neU hajAra ghara nAtInA re zrI ratna prabha sUra / thira suharata karI thApanAre ullaTa gharI ne ur| bar3A kSatrI te bhAmA re nahIM kAra diyo koya / / pahalo tilaka zrImAla ne re sigalI nAte hoy| mahAlakSmI kula devatA re zrImAla saMsthAna / / zrI zrImAlInAtI nA re jAne bisvA bIsa / pUraba disa thApyA te re poravADa kahevAya / / te rAjA te samaye re laghu baMghava ika jAya / uvasa vAsI rahayo re tiNe uvezApura hoya / / osavAla tiMhA thApiyAre savA lAkha ghara jaay| poravAr3a kula ambikAre osavAla saMciyAya / / 6. abhayagraMthAlaya, bIkAnera rAjasthAnI sAhitya aura jainasAhitya ke mUrdhanya vidvAna anusaMdhitsu zrI agaracaMdanAhaTA aura zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ke abhaya graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM nimnAMkita guTake upalabdha haiM - 1. hastalikhita graMtha kramAMka 648 osavaMza thApanakavitta (zobhakavi racita) 2. hastalikhita graMtha kramAMka 7765 osavAla utpatti kavitta 3. hastalikhita graMtha kramAMka 501 (saMvat 1835 meM likhita) "atha usavAlAM rA kavitta" prathama guTakA vIrAt 70 varSa meM osavaMza kI sthApanA kI puSTi karatA hai| isameM kahA 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, 192-93 For Private and Personal Use Only

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217 gayA hai ki zrIratnaprabha vardhamAna ke nirvANa ke 52veM varSa meM AcArya pada grahaNa kiyA aura usake ATha dasa varSa pazcAt osiyA (uesyA) padhAre / vahA~ tIna lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjaputroM ko pratibodha diyaa| isa prakAra ratnaprabhasUri ne uesanagara meM osavAloM kI sthApanA kii| phira sabhI 18 gotroM kI sthApanA kii| dvitIya guTakA kramAMka 7765- osavAlA utpatti kavitta meM kula 16 chappaya hai, jisameM oyasA nareza upaladeva ke jainadharma aMgIkAra karane kI kathA vistAra se kahI gaI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki nareza upaladeva paMvAra saMciyA mAtA ne putra hetu varadAna diyaa| usa samaya ratnaprabhu mAsakhAmaNa kara rahe the| usa samaya pIvaNA sarpa ke kAraNa kuMvara ko cetanA nahIM aaii| kuMvara kA bahuta upacAra kiyA, kintu koI phala nahIM milaa| usa samaya AcArya ratnaprabhu ne kuMvara ko jIvanadAna diyaa| unhoMne jainadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| inhoMne tIna lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjaputroM ko pratibodha diyaa| isa prakAra osiyAM ke osavAloM kI sthApanA kI isameM sabhI rAjapUta jAtiyoM ke osavAla hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| yaha guTakA vIrAt 70 varSa meM osavaMza sthApanA se kAphI mela khAtA hai| tRtIya guTakA (kramAMka 501) ke anusAra- eke ugaNIza saMvat 39 ke zrAvaNa ke zukla pakSa meM paramAra upaladeva ne jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| sAdhuoM ko osiyA meM ghara ghara ghUmane para bhI AhAra nahIM milaa| inhoMne pIvaNA sAMpa ko prakaTa kara rAjakumAra ko cetanA zUnya kara diyaa| isa prakAra isa pada meM saMvat 'ekai ugaNIse' meM osavaMza kI sthApanA kA spaSTa ullekha hai| yaha guTakA saM. 1835 kA likhA huA hai| yaha kavitta adhUrA hai|' oza vaMsa thApana kavitta zrImadiSTa devAya namaH zrI vardhamAna jina thakI barasa vAvana pada lidho, zrI ratna prabha sUranAma tihAMsa gura dhio / tAU aTha dasa barasa naya uesyA AyA, pratibodhe cAmuMDa nAma tihAMsA valaNAyA / tIna lAkha caurAsI sagastra rAjaputra pratibodhiyA, zrI ratna prabha sUri uesanagara usavAla thirthpiiyaa| prathama gota tAter3a bIya bAphaNA bAhadara, kaha tIjo karaNAvaTa rAMkA bulaha morAkSa pohkrnno| suhaMkara ulahaTa nai virahaTa akhara zrI zrImAla bakhANu, navama vaida mutA bhaNIje zreSTha dasama sucaMtI jANu / Aditya nAga coraDiyA sa bhUri bhaTevarA bhAI, laghu ciMcaTa bhAI gotra lIgA samadar3IyA / laghu zreSThi kuMbhaTa kocara mImu kanojIyA, zrI ratna prabha sUrI uesanagara usavAla thIrathapIyA / / 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR93-98 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 218 (2) atha osavAlAM rI utapatta rA chappaya likhyate upaladeva pavAra nagara oyasA nareza rA rAja rIta bhogavai sakala saciyAya diyo vara nava lakha carU nidhAna diyo sonahiyAM devI itava upara arigaMja kiyo saha pAya na kevI ima kare rAja bhugate adala ke ika vara saba diviyA nahiM rAjaputra, citA nipaTa sakata pragaTa kahakatthiyA / / 1 / / ho rAjA, kiNa kAja karai ciMtA mana mAMhi thArai udara sutanna veha aMka likhiyA nAMho jada nRpa chai dalagIra dInA vAya ka ima dAkhai rAja binA suta rAya, rAja mhAro kuNa rAkhai jA nRpata putra hosI hameM ghaNAM narAM paNa ghaTasI havasI varNa saMkara juvA puva sAMdha rAva lahasI // 2 // diyo varadAna putra rAjA phala pAye nAma diyo jayacanda barasa panarAM paraNAye pitA putra bhaDayA mahala sahalAM suka mANe dina dina gar3ha maM chAkha kA nisANa bajANa uNa samau Aye prabhu ratana RSi mAsa khamaNa karato murA siSa mela baharAvA sahara me dharama lAbha karato dhurA ||3|| ghara ghara siSa phiragayo para ta AhAra nahiM pAyo bipara heka piNa bAra vacana rasar3o batalAyo ho sikha, jholI hAta mela, kara kAma hamAro karadayo na saMta rokIyo vale jaga sAda bihAro bahu bahara khAMDa bhojana ghirata le Aye guru agala guru kahao bAra lAgI ghaNI kaha celA vRtAMta sakala // 4 // siSa mukha suNe vRtAMta sahara syU~ ri, risAyo pivaNa sarapa kara pragaTa mahala kava~rA milavAyo pivaNa sarapa pIbAtAM kava~ra cetanA na kAI sAsa nahIM besAsa soga yaNapa Dasa~ tAI hAhAkAra huya desa me dAga diyaNa saba cala dInA par3a paMca kare pUchyo uhama mage Aya ubho munI ||5|| sikha mukha suNe vayANa bhavara rAjA bhUlANo kavaNa nAma guru kaThe thae so dAsa ThikANI o khejar3alo aThe kava~ra ne leya padhAro Ahu dIna rI araja sa mo kAja sudhAro For Private and Personal Use Only

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219 riSa kahyo vipra ghaNA rAjare adhikArI gurabudha anama jo kai ka~vara ne jIvaco to pUcho ma'hatAMpa nama / / 6 / / nRpata pUche guru vipra kava~ra jIvai kiNa kAraNa okhada maMtra upacAra veda bar3A kiyo vicAraNa paNa guNa laga na lagAra riSa kahiyau suNa rAjA hU~ jIbAU kavara kahu~ so karasao kAjA tiNabAra nRpata ima uccare kaho rAja so meha karAM jo kavara kAja cUkAM vacana mota aphUTI saha marAM / / 7 / / tada kahiyo riSarAja kavara mahalA padarAvA maMtra phera maMtrIyA jAya por3hAya jagAvo khamA khamA kara svAsa gIta maMgala cA gAyA bAjA subha bAjiyA uTha guru caraNAM AyA maMgalIka kuMkuMbha kara gohalI coka motiyA~ pUratadU pAlajyoM dayA riSarAja bhaNava sudhA sirajiNadharamabada / / 8 / / jaina dharama jiNa dIha abhaMga SaradhA Adariyo miTI Ada marajAta dhyAna hiya riSaba suM dhAriyo viSAM haMta badalla mUla ajJAna ha mAninI U AMko AviyA rAja vigraha racAnI nRpa virra lAga devI nahIM kara gharaNo tAgo kiyo tada yo maraNa ketAMtaNo viralo vipra ju joviyo // 9 // tiNa hi tyAM kAraNe prajA rAjA pIr3Ave sA kA baMdha sahaira minaka cAlatA mara jAve koI tApa viroda satra paNa keya ke ya saMghArau keya sarapa le sIha jalaNa para ke tAjAre tiNa parai sahara khAlI huyo basejAya bhinamAla laga anaratha huyo guru kahe anama bhUkha mare bhUkhA jinaga / / 10 / / tada kahiyo rikharAja yAda gura meTa kiyA kima tiNa tItAgo kiyo tikA saha pApa lago tuma abe huve vA baMsa jikAM manoja divAr3o bai deve AzISa udotada hoya tumArA ANiyAM vipra voho kara araja page lAga paracAniyA AvidA ke ka guru AgalAke naha caina ha aaniyaa||11|| AviyA guru agala nRpata kara jora kahyo bala the mhArA pujanIka Ada namata NIra cau ila hoNahAra A huI lIha bhavataNI lupANI For Private and Personal Use Only

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220 hamaiM palaTa sIdhyAMha tikI saha pApa lagANI dai vacana bIca saciyAya debrama bhojana mana bhAvIyA oyasAM hU~ta bhinamAla meM mahapata vipra manAviyA / / 12 / / dIdha gurAM goMhalI dIda devAM cI sevA diye lAga vyAharA putra putra paraNevA uttama dAna AcAra tAra dAtA re taraNA iNa vidha sUI savara kiyA sevaga pokaraNAM upalade rAva avasara taNe sAkha aThAre sahata sakha oyesA thI u~Tale base jAya bhinamAla bakha / / 1 3 / / viradhamAna jiNa pache barasa bAvana pada lIdho sirI ratana prabhu sUra nAma sata gura bho dIdho saMvata ika ugaNIsa nagara oyasAM Aye pratabhodhe cAmaMDa nAma sAcalatA pAye sahasa corAsI tIna lAka rAjaputra parabodIyA ima bhInamAla pura oyasAM osavAla thira thppiyaa||14|| bhinnamAla thI ucala jAya oyesAM basANAM chatrI A rai baMsa uThe usavAla kahANAM gayo rAja dhara gaI pthI palaTI pammArAM upala de huya asata sata sAcala su piyArAM gura huve ratana prabhu akala gamabhaDa kai bhUpata bhUvinAM pokaraNAM sebaga tada hubA osavAla tada apanAM / / 15 / / prathama sAkha pammAra sIka sIsoda siMghAlA raNathaMbha rA ger3avasU cahuANa baDAlA solaMkI sAMkhalA barala paDiyAraM borANa dasyA bhATI soTa moyalA goyala makavANA kachavAha gorama kaDabaDa kitA lahatA paTA ju lAkharA heka dina itA mIlana huA sUra bar3A bhar3a sAkharA / / 16 / / (3) atha usavAlAM rI utapata rA kavitta zrAvaNa paSpa (pakha) sitAta saMvata ekai ugaNIsai arakavAra Avimma usa vaMsa lao udesai pratibodhiyo paramAra upala jaina dharma meM Ayo prathama gauta sau pAMca bAvana jiNesara baMdhAyo maNatri janoI asaga mile utArIyAM bhojana jimAmeM thipe bhojagAM karathita AraMbhakArIyAM / / 1 / / ghari ghari riSa phira gayo pavitra AhAra na pAyo For Private and Personal Use Only

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221 vipra eka tiNa vAra vacana isai batalAyo ho riSa jholI hAtha mela kara kAma hamAro kahIya uNa INa kIyo vipra pAta zrAdha dihA yo, beharAya bhojana khIra khAMDa lAyo sIka guru le agala gurukahIyo bAra lAgI ghaNI sIkha kahIyo kAraNa sakala // 2 // sISa mukha britAnta suNi riSi sahairaM suMrIsAe pIyaNa sApa kare pragaTa me hela ku~ ara re melAe pIyaNa sAsa pIyaM te ku~ ara cetanA na kAI nahIM sAsa bezAsa sAMga hue rAya ciMtAI hAhAkAra sai haira ku~ ara mota huI sunI dAgadI aNamila saba sanI parapaMca kara poravachaMDai mAraga rahai U bhosuno // 3 // sISa mukha vitaMta suNI bharama rAjA bhalANau kavaNa nAma guraM kaThe theso vANa ThikANI uTho DAMDa gura uThe ku~ ara le pAro Aya vAMde kI araja zAMha mo kAraja sAro sISa kahai vipra rAja rai IdhakArI baigura antama je kare ku~vara ne jIvate poha pu bai tihAne praNAma / / 4 / / nRpa hara vaigura viprAM ku~varajI 3 ko kAraNe uSadha mantra upacAra vipre boha kIA vicAraNa piNa guNa na hoI lI gAra riSa kahIyo suNa rAjA ku~ jIvAU ku~ ara kaU~ so karaso kAjA riSa kahe rAja Ima anuSThai kaho rAja so mhe kahAM nRpa yA putra kAjanRkA vacana mota adhavI sau hamarAM / / 5 / / 7. kelar3I maMdira graMthAgAra kA guTakA isa graMthAgAra meM osavaMza kI utpatti' graMtha kramAMka 1275 meM dI hai| isase 'saMvata ekai ugaNIse' meM osavaMza ke udbhava kI puSTi hotI hai| abhayagraMthAlaya ke guTake 7765 ke 13 pada isake samAna hai| pAMca kavittoM meM paramAra upala ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 52 varSa pazcAt ratnaprabhasUrikA AcArya paTTa para AsIna honA, 18 varSa pazcAt arthAt vIra nirvANa 70 meM jainamata aMgIkAra karanA aura osavaMza kI sthApanA honA varNita hai| usa samaya osavAla ke 18 gotra bne| usa samaya eka lAkha caurAsI hajAra rAjaputroM ko pratibodha diyA aura osavAla jAti kI sthApanA kii| 'ekai ugaNIsa' meM zrAvaNa ke zukla pakSa ke ravivAra aSTamI ko osavaMza kI sthApanA huii| sabhI rAjapUtoM ko isameM osavAla honA varNita hai|' 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 98-99 For Private and Personal Use Only

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222 khatrI sAkha aThAra tike osavAla kahavANAM gayo rAja dharatI gaI pRthvI palaTI paramArAM sAcI AI sacIyAya rAyamana soce vicArAM eka lAkha caurAsI sahasa ghara rAja sulI pratIbodhiyA zrI ratna prabha sUra bhanamAla meM osavAla thirthpiiyaa||19|| zrAvaNa pakha sitAta saMvata aike ugaNIse arka vAra AThama osa vaMsa huvA upade se pratibodhyA paramAra upala jiNa dharama meM Ayo prathama gotra so pAMca bAvana jine sara ba~dhAyo maNa traNa janoI brAhmaNAM asaMga milI ne utArIyA bhojana jimAya ne bhojagAM dhara karakatha ArambhakIyA prathama gotra so pAMca prathama sAkhAM paramArAM sAkha sIsodiyA sAMkhalA riNathaMbhanerA boda / / 20 / / basI cahuANa vaDAlA solaMkI ne sAMkhalA burabakIyAra borAMNA daIyA bhATI sor3ha mohala gohala makahavANA kachavAhA ne goda kharapada kathA letA paTA jalAkharA eka dina itarA mahAjana huA sUrA pUrA khatrI sudhasAkharA / / 21 // varadhamAna jina thakI barasa bAvana pada lidho zrI zrI ratana prabha sUra nAma zrI sadgurujI dIdho tAhu aTha dasa barasa nagara osIyA AyA prativodhyA mAta cAmuMDa nAma sAcala de pAyA traNa lAkha caurAsI sahasa ghara rAjaputra pratibodhiyA zrI ratna prabha sUra osIyA nagara osavAla tihaaNthaapiyaa||22|| prathama gotra tAter3a pragaTa, bubakIyA bApaNA bahAdura kahe tIjA karaNATa balahI te rIyA khAMpa suhakhara kulahaTa bhIrahaTa sikhA zrI zrI mAla bakhANA sAsaha sacetA sabaghara pratyaru saciyAya purAMNI AditayanAga gotra bhara bhAI valacaceTI kuMbhaTa ne kanojIyA DIDU laghu zreSTha osIyA nagara osavAla tihA~ thApIyA / / 23 / / 8. gurrA sA. gaNapatarAya jI kA guTakA pUjya mahArAja zrI darzanAvijaya jI mahArAja ko nArAyaNagar3ha ke zrI gaNapatarAya jI se eka guTakA milA, jo 'osavAla akhabAra' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake anusAra upaladeva For Private and Personal Use Only

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223 pamAra ne jainamata svIkAra kiyaa| usa samaya ziSyoM ko gocarI nahIM milane para pIvaNA sarpa banAkara mahala meM bhejaa| rAjA utpala kA putra cetanAhIna ho gyaa| usa samaya zrI ratnaprabhasUri ne rAjaputra ko viSamukta kara diyaa| yaha kavitta adhUrA hai|' rAjA upaladeva paMvAra nagara osiyo narezvara / rAja rIta bhogave saktA (devI) saciyA dInahavara / / nava sau carU nidhAna diyA sonaiyA devI / iMlA uparI aMgaja kiyA supA nAmA ke vI / / imakarI rAja bhogave adala bahuta khalaka vadIta hoya / nahIM rAjapUta ciMtAnipaTa sagata pragaTa kahI kathA soya // he rAja / kiNa kAja karo ciMtA mana mAhIM / suta na udarata ya likhyo deu kima aMka banAI / / nRpata hoya dIlagIra dIna vAyaka ima mukha bhAkhai / putra vinA sura rAya rAja mAro kuNa rAkheM / / devI dayA vicAra vacana dino niradozI / raho raho rAyanizaMka putra nizcaya eka hosI / / juga jAhira jasa pura sukha ghaNA naropaNa halaTa sii| uduvANA bhANA phirasI ahe pa~vArA gar3ha palaTasI / / devI ke varadAna punya rAjA phala pAyo / nAma diyo jayacanda varasa panaro paraNAyo / / putra pitA bhIr3a pAsa mahala sahalAM sukha mANe / tINa avasara sSiIrAja ratnaprabhu mAsa khAmaNe / / ziSya caurAsI sAtha vrata saMyama tapa sAdhe / dhare dhyAna ekatAra deva jinarAja ArAdhe / zahara meM gaye ziSyavaharavA dharma lAbha karatA phire / iNa nagara mAhi dAttA na ko vase suma sArA zIre / ghara ghara saba phira gaye pavitra AhAra na pAyo / / vipra eka tINavAra vacana aiso batalAyo / / hama gRha pAvana karo dhana dhanabhAga hamAro / Aja huo AvaNo muni ye deza tumAro / / sujhato AhAra doSaNa bino khIra khA~Da baherAviyAM / ujale cita doU jaNa te gurU ke pAsa AviyA / / dekha gurU gocarI dhyAna dhara ne ArohaNa kiyA / sabada taNo pASaNa toya brAhmaNa ghara liyA / / nagara mahI nava lAkha base ghara eka sarIkhA / 1. pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, 41318-20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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224 zakta pantha matta bAda zIsa saMdUrI TIkA / / samajha huA thira mana dhyAna antara sU khole / ziSya prati mahArAja musaka pukha vAyaka bole / / gurU kahe vAra lAgI gaNIta kaho ziSya kINa kAraNe / ziSya kahe AhAra milyo nahIM maiM phirIyo ghara 2 bAraNe / / ziSya mukha se suna vaiNa AhAra parathavI paraThAyo / pIvaNa sarpa hua gayo mahala nRpa suta ke Ayo / / pIvaNa sApa pI gayo kuMvara ne caina na tAI / nahIM AzA vizvAsa soga hugayo satAI / / hAhAkAra huo zahara meM dAga deNe calI duni / ratanaprabha sAMvala rudana dayA dekha bole muni / / muni vAthaka suNI vaina bhrama rAjana TAMNoM / kauna nAma gurU kahe sAMca dekhAve ThIkANo / / nRpata vacana jo suna kahe muni uttara isa dhAro / usa khejar3e prasthAna ku~vara ne lei padhAro / / sAdho saraNe Aya nRpata vinatI karAve / nizcaya he trAsa haro mukaTa RSi caraNa dhArAve / / mApha karo takasIra aba Apa cUka baksAI / ye mau vRddha kAla kI lAja hai guru ku~varajIvAiye / karuNAsindhu dayAla napata ka~ hasI vara diyo / gayo rosa tatkAla mRtaka suta tatakhINa jiyo / / dhariyo khAsa disavAsa naina khuliyA mukha vAcA / roga soga saba dUra zabda sataguru kA sAcA / / Alasa moDa uhiyoM kahe niMda Ai bhalo / kisa kAja maneM khyAyA aThe dUrasa kaho sAcI galo / / khamA khamA saba kahe uTha guru caraNe lAgA / maMgala dhavala apAra badhAvA ArNa davAgA / toraNachatra nizANa kalasa sauvana vadhAvA / bhara motiyana kA thAla sakhiyana mila maMgala gAve / / ochAMDiyA mahala bajAra ghara ratano coka purAviyA / jadI khIna khApa paga pAtiyA ratanaprabha padharAviyA / / nRpata kare vinatI jor3a kara hAjara ThADo / kRpA karo mahArAja dharamameM raha su gADo / / paTA paravAnA gAma khajAnA khAsa khulAeM / kabahu na lopu kAra hukama zravaNa suna pAu / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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guru kiyo tyAga dhana vaikAra eka vacana moya dIjiye / mithyA tyAga jainadharma graho dAna zIla tapa kIjiye || tahata vacana ura dhAra nRpata zrAvaka vrata liyA / pura DuDiM pharavAya nAra nara bhelA kiyA || bhinna bhinna vakhyAna suNe guru ke vAyaka / . khaTa kAyA prati pAla zIla saMyama sukha dAyaka || kara manaso thoM sakala mila mauDa kara joDiyA / siddhAnta jAna jina dharma ko zakta pantha mukha moDiyA zIla dhara dRr3ha sAca kare pauSAda paDIkraramA / sAmAyika saMma bhAva samajha vai dina dina duNA / / hiMsA kahu nahIM lesa deza meM ANa phIrAI || dharma taNa phala STi sabe sAMbhala jo bhAI // iha bhAMta jaina dharma dhAriyo zakta paMtha mukha mor3ake gurAM vacana ziradharI nRpa mAna mor3a kara jor3ake iSTa miliyau mana mila gayo, mila mila milyo mela phUla vAsa dhRta dudha jiya, jyo, tilayana mAMhI tela sahasa caurAsI eka lakha ghara gaNatI pura mAMha ekaNa thAla arogiyA, bhinna bhAva kuccha nAha oTA jagar3A choDhiyA, gar3ha gar3ha zastra sIpAha / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir guToM ke chandoM se yaha patA calatA hai osavaMza ke AdipuruSa bhinnamAla ke kSatriya rAjakumAra upaladeva the / inake pitA kA nAma kahIM bhImasena diyA hai aura kahIM dezalade / inake mitra kA nAma saba sthAnoM para Uhar3a hI hai| paramAra zabda prakSipta jAna par3atA hai| yaha kavitta 17vIM 18vIM zatAbdI ke hai| zrI bhUtor3iyA kI bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai ki vikrama saMvat 24 meM AbhA nagarI kA dezala sutta jaggA zAha bahuta bar3A dhanapati huA jisakI dAnavIratA jaga prasiddha thI / bhAToM/cAraNoM ne usakI jaga prasiddhi meM saiMkar3oM chanda banAe / ' isI kAraNa 222 saMvat meM osavAloM kI sthApanA kA kAraNa batAnA ucita nahIM jAna par3atA / 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 100 2. vahI, pR 100 225 'AThavIM / navIM zatAbdI ke bAda paramAra rAjapUta kula ke aneka sAmantoM / zAsakoM ko jainAcAryoM ne pratibodha dekara jaina dharma aMgIkAra karAyA evaM osavAla mahAjana jAti meM sammilita karake unake vaMzajoM ke vibhinna gotra sthApita kiye| kAlAMtara meM ho sakatA hai isa bhramavaza 17vIM bIsavIM sadI ke bIca race yA likhe gaye kavitta aura chandoM meM ye zabda sthAna pA gaye / '2 9vIM 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt sabhI rAjapUta jAtiyoM ke rAjaputroM ne jainamata aMgIkAra kiyA aura osavAloM ke vibhinna gotra sthApita kiye, kintu upaladeva paramAra thA, yaha bhrama sabase pahale For Private and Personal Use Only

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226 muhaNauta naiNasI ne osavAloM kA saMsthApaka paramAra upaladeva ko mAnakara isakA bIjAropaNa kara diyA aura phira sabhI lekhaka isI pUrvAgraha se bhrama ko Age bar3hAte rahe aura upaladeva ko paramAra mAna kara tila kA tAr3a kara diyaa| isI graMtha ke kAraNa bhAToM aura bhojakoM ne 18vIM aura 19vIM zatAbdI meM apane kavitA, padyoM meM upaladeva ko paramAra hI mAna liyaa| osavAla jAti ko rAjapUtoM kI virAsata milii| rAjapUtoM ne sadaiva bhAToM/cAraNoM ko prazraya diyA hai| isI kAraNa rAjasthAna ke pratyeka kSetra meM bhAToM ne apane bahiyoM meM osavAla jAti ke vibhinna gotroM kI vaMzAvaliyoM ko samaya samaya para aMkita karane kA kArya kiyA hai| ina bhAToM ne dAnadAtAoM kI prazasti meM chandoM kI racanA kI hai| isa pezevara jAti kA yahI pIr3hiyoM se peza rahA hai| dhanADhya zreSThiyoM ke Azraya meM bhAToM aura bhojakoM ne apanA jIvanayApana kiyA hai| ina bahiyoM meM bhAToM ne osavaMza kI udbhava kathA aMkita kI hai| ___ AbU parvata para agnikuMDa meM cAra kSatriya vIra prakaTa hue, unase kramaza: cauhAna, paramAra, parihAra aura solaMkI rAjakuloM kA pravartana huaa| paramAra ke vaMzaja dhAMdhUjI jUnAgar3ha (bAr3amera ke pAsa) ke zAsaka the| unake do rAniyA~ thiiN| eka solaMkI kanyA (jogIdAsa kI putrI) dUsarI rAnI ke do saMtAneM thI, jisameM eka upaladeva / usakA vivAha kachavAhA kula kI kanyA se huaa| eka dina yuvarAja upaladeva ne panihArinoM se cuTalabAjI kii| panihArinoM ke ghaDe phoDa diye| rAjakuMvara kI zikAyata huii| upaladeva ne dUsare dina yaha cuTalabAjI rAjapurohita kI kanyA se kii| usakA bhI miTTI kA ghar3A phor3a diyA / rAjapurohita kI zikAyata para rAjakumAra ko dezanikAlA diyA gyaa| rAjakuvaMra ko 12 varSa kA dezanikAlA diyA gyaa| kuMvarAnI bhI unake sAtha gii| unakI tIna sau gAr3iyoM kA kAphilA osiyA phuNcaa| unakI kuladevI saciyA mAtA ne sapane meM paracA diyA- 'yaha jagaha mata chodd'naa| yahIM nagara bsaao| 60 kadama uttara meM mAyA se bhare 99 carU (dhAtu ke bartana) bartana mileNge|' subaha hI rAjakumAra ke lalATa para kuMkuma kA tilaka dekhaa| palaMga ke nIce kuAkhodA to khArA pAnI milaa| kuladevI ne paracA diyA 'devI kA car3hAvA nahIM kiyA, isaliye pAnI khArA niklaa| aba car3hAvA kara denA, pAnI mIThA ho jaaegaa| pAMca dasa saradAroM ke sAtha ghor3I ke sAtha dina bhara meM jitanA gAMva ko ghera sako, vahA~ taka tumhArA rAjya hogaa| pahale kuladevI kA maMdira banAnA, phira mahala / ' usane sabase pahale maMdira bnaayaa| devI ne saccA 'paracA' diyA, isaliye 'saciyA mAtA' khlaaii| bhATa ke anusAra upaladeva ne saMvat 184 meM saciyA mAtA ke maMdira kI nIMva rkhii| 12 varSa bItane para upaladeva mAtA pitA ke darzanArtha gye| eka aura vivAha osiyA meM kiyA thaa| donoM kuvarANyA sasurAla gii| rAjya meM praveza ke pahale saMdeza bhijvaayaa| choTIrAnI mA ne socA ki upaladeva hI aba jUnAgar3ha aura osiyA kA zAsaka hogA, mere putra ko kucha nahIM milegaa| choTI rAnI ne 'minakhamAroM' ko bulAkara Adeza diyA ki upaladeva ko khatma kara do| maMdira meM ghusate hI bhinakhamAroM ne upaladeva kA sira kATa liyaa| 1.itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla,prathamakhaNDa,pU 101-103 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #256
227 usa samaya kuvarANyA kA sata jaagaa| usane zrApa diyA "dhAMdhUjI rI dUsarI rANI ro vaMza mata cAlajyo, rAja mata rhiijo|' vahI huaa| rAThaur3oM ne rAjya chIna liyaa| donoM ne satI hone kA nizcaya kiyA / choTo garbhavatI thI, isaliye satI nahIM huii| osiyA Akara usane eka bacce kA janma diyaa| usakA nAma bhagavAna siMha rakhA gyaa| - kucha varSa pazcAt ratnasUri jI mahArAja osiyA pdhaare| unake ziSyoM ko gocarI nahIM milii| aMta meM eka suthAra ke yahA~ phuNce| suthAra ne jaMgala se lakar3iyAM lAne ke liye kulhAr3I pakar3A dii| isa taraha kisI taraha cAra mAsa bIte / gurujI ko krodha A gyaa| dharma kI prabhAvanA ke liye dUsarA rAstA apnaayaa| ruI kI pUNI kI maMtrabala se sarpa banAkara rAjA para chor3a diyaa| rAjA ne nAbAliga bhagavAna siMha ko Dasa liyaa| loga unheM zmazAna le jA rahe the| ziSya ne unakA rAstA roka liyA aura gurujI ke pAsa le gaye / bAraha sAmantoM ne gurujI se prArthanA kii| gurujI ne punarjIvita kara diyaa| sAmantoM aura bhagavAnasiMha ne tatkAla zaivadharma chor3akara jainadharma aMgIkAra kara diyaa| bhAToM kI isa kathA ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA saMvat 'bIye bAise' zrAvaNa sudI 8 guruvAra ko huii| una teraha vyaktiyoM ke teraha gotra hue- tAter3a, bAphaNA, sAmasukhA, veda, boraDa, bAMThiyA, minI, saMkalecA, sureza golA, ArA, jhAvaka, dezavAla, luukdd'| sAmaMtoM aura bhagavAna siMha ne hiMsA kA tyAga kara diyaa| devI ko mahAbhoga nahIM milane para devI kruddha huii| gurujI ne bakaroM kI balI ke sthAna para kahA- 'khAjA ro khar3ako, khoparA ro bhar3ako aura mIThI lAyasI ro ddero|' devI ke Adeza para bhagavAnasiMha ko gAMva chor3anA pdd'aa| bhagavAnasiMha kA beTA lAbharAja sojata jAkara bsaa| vaha navAba kI begama salamA kA dharmabhAI bnaa| salamA ke AMkha meM pIr3A huii| pUjA meM baiThe lAbharAja ne kahA- AMkha meM Aka kA dUdha aura bAlU reta DAla do| AMkheM phUTa jAnI cAhiye, para ThIka ho gii| isI se usake vaMzajoM kA veda gotra huaa| isa kathA se patA calatA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri se pratibodha upaladeva ne nahIM, bhagavAna siMha ne liyaa| isake anusAra osiyA saMvat 184 meM basAI aura saM 222 meM jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| adhikAMza bhATa, bhojaka aura sevaga Adi ke anusAra osavAloM kA udbhava saMvat 222 meM huaa| abhayagraMthAlaya ke do guTakoM (saMkhyA 7765, 501) aura kelar3I maMdira ke eka guTake (saMkhyA 1275) meM osavAla jAti kA udbhava saMvat 119 mAnA hai| bhAToM aura bhojakoM ne upaladeva ko hI osavAloM kA Adi puruSa mAnA hai| saba meM jainAcArya ratnaprabha sUri hI nAma hai| kisI bhI guTake meM "vIye vAise' ke pahale vikrama nahIM hai| __ yati rAmalAla jI ne mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI meM mAnA hai, "bhAToM kA 'bIye bAise' vikrama saMvat nahIM, naMdivardhana kA saMvatsara hai|" naMdirasaMvatsara mAne to bhI vIrAt saMvat vAlI bAta siddha nahIM hotii| mahAvIra ke bhrAtA naMdivardhana ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA ke samaya eka saMvat pravartita kiyA thaa| yaha naMdi saMvat mAne to 47+70 = 112 naMdi saMvatsara AtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #257
228 'bIye bAise' meM jaggA zAha huA thaa| osavAla bhUSaNa jaggAzAha kI prazasti meM kaviyoM ne spaSTa kahA rUpA no nahIM pAra sahasa karahA kara maalaa| bIye bAvIse bhala jAgiyo yo osavAla bhuupaalaa|| AbhAnagarI ke jaggAzAha ne saMvat 222 meM saMgha nikAla kara tIrthayAtrA kii| zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA kI bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai isase do bAteM siddha jaggAzAha osavAla thA aura vaha 222 meM prasiddhi ke zikhara para thA / saMvat vIye bAise meM hue jaggAzAha ko osavAla jAti kA pratIka stambha mAna kara jAti kI utpatti ke chandoM ke sAtha bIye bAIse' kA prayoga huA hai- yaha saMbhava hai|' yaha bAta adhika ucita lagatI hai, kahate haiM ki saMvat 222 meM khaNDelA grAma meM samasta vaNija pezA jAtiyoM kA eka sammelana huaa| isameM 12 pramukha bastiyoM (pradezoM) se loga Ae, jaise pAlI se Ane vAloM ko pAlIvAla, osiyA se Ane vAloM ko osavAla, khaMDelA ke logoM ko khaNDelavAla, zrImAla nagara se Ane vAloM ko zrImAlI, agrohA ke agravAla, poravA ke poravAla nAma se jAne gye| isake pahale osavAloM ko mahAjana kahate the, kintu 'vIye bAise' meM osavAloM kA nAmakaraNa ho gyaa| osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa yA pravartana vIrAt 70 meM ho gayA, kintu nAmakaraNa 'vIye bAIse' meM huA, yahI ucita jAna par3atA hai| tRtIya mata: tathAkathita aitihAsika mata osavAla jAti ke udbhava ko vaijJAnika aura tArkika AdhAra dene ke liye aneka itihAsakAroM ne tRtIya mata kI avadhAraNA prastuta kara, use tathAkathita aitihAsika mata kI saMjJA pradAna kii| zrI sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI ke anusAra yaha bAta to nirvivAda siddha hai ki osiyA nagarI kI sthApanA upaladeva paramAra ne kI joki kisI kAraNavaza deza chor3akara maNDovara ke par3ihAra rAjA kI zaraNa meM aayaa| yaha upaladeva kahA~ se AyA, isake viSaya meM kaI mata hai| Upara hamane jina matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, usameM isakA AnAbhInamAla se siddha hotA hai aura kucha logoM ke mata se isaka AnA kirADU nAmaka sthAna se pAyA jAtA hai| magara ye donoM bAteM galata mAlUma hotI hai| kyoMki bhInamAla ke purAne mandiroM meM jo zilAlekha khude hue mile haiM, unameM se do lekha kRSNarAja paramAra ke haiN| eka saMvat 1113 kA hai aura dUsarA saMvata 1123 kA hai| pichale lekha meM kRSNarAja ke bApa kA nAma ghaMghuka likhA hai| yaha ghaMghuka AbU kA rAjA thaa| eka pUrNapAla aura dUsarA kRSNarAja / pUrNapAla ke samaya kA eka lekha saMvata 1098 kA sirohI jile ke eka vIrAna gAMva basaMtagaDha meM milA hai aura dUsarA saMvata 1102 kA likhA huA mAravAr3a ke bhaMDUda nAmaka eka gAMva meM milA hai| ina donoM lekhoM se yaha bAta pAyI jAtI hai ki ghaMghuka kA bar3A putra pUrNapAla apane pitA kI gaddI para baiThA aura kRSNarAja ko bhInamAla kA rAja milaa| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-AsavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 109 2. vahI, pR112 3. zrI sukhasampatarAjabhaNDArI, osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR9 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #258
229 kRSNarAja ke pIche bhInamAla kA rAjya 150 varSoM taka usake vaMza meM rahA, jisakA ullekha saMvat 1239 ke lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai, jisameM mahArAja putra jaitasiMha' nAma AyA hai| nAma ke sAtha yadyapi jAti nahIM likhI huI hai, para aisA sambhava hai ki yaha bhInamAla kA aMtima rAjA yA yuvarAja rahA hogaa| kyoMki isake pIche saMvat 1262 ke lekha meM cauhAna rAjA udayasiMha kA nAma AtA hai aura usake pazcAt saMvat 1362 taka ke lekhoM meM cauhAna rAjAoM ke hI nAma Ate haiM, jinakA mUla puruSa nADola ke rAjA alhaNadeva kA putra kItU thA aura jisane paMvAroM se jAlora lekara apanA alaga rAjya jamAyA thaa|' uparokta dalIloM se yaha bAta sahaja hI mAlUma ho jAtI hai ki bhInamAla kA pahalA paMvAra rAjA kRSNarAja saMvat 1100 ke pazcAt huaa| upaladeva kA ina lekhoM meM patA nahIM hai|' dUsarA mata kirADU ke sambandha meM hai| yahA~ para eka lekha saMvat 1218 kA milA hai, jo paMvAroM se sambandha rakhatA hai| isa lekha se yaha patA calatA hai ki mAravAr3a kA pahalA rAjA siMdhurAja thaa| usakA rAjya pahAr3oM meM thaa| usake vaMza meM kramaza: sUrajarAja, devarAja, sobharAjaaura udayarAja hue| udayarAja saMvat 1218 meM maujUda thaa| yahA~ bhI upaladeva kA patA nahIM cltaa|' zrI pUranacaMda nAhara ke anusAra paMvAroM kA janma sthAna AbU hai| vahA~ ke eka lekha meM dhaMdhuka ke pAMca puzta Upara utpalarAja kA nAma milatA hai| ina lekhoM meM yadyapi paMvAroM kA mUla puruSa dhUmarAja ko mAnA hai, magara vaMzavRkSa utpalarAja se hI zurU kiyA gayA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki sambhava hai, dhUmarAja ke pIche aura utpalarAja ke pahale kucha rAjanItika gar3abar3a huI ho aura utpalarAja se phira rAjya kAyama huA ho| kyA Azcarya hai, isI kAraNa utpalarAja ko maNDovara ke par3ihAra rAjA kI zaraNa meM AnA par3A ho| isase jahA~ taka hamArI samajha hai osiyA kA basAne vAlA AbU kA utpalarAja ho| muhaNota neNasI ne apanI khyAta meM upaladeva kA koI sAla saMvata to nahIM batAyA magara upaladeva ko dhArA nagarI ke rAjA bhoja kI sAtavIM puzta meM mAnA hai- 1. rAja jagadeva, 2. rAjA vida 3. rAjA udayacaMda 4. rAjA jagadeva 5. rAjA DAbarikha 6. rAjA ghamarikha 7. rAjA upaladeva / ' bhaNDArI ne mAlavA aura AbU ke paMvAra rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI dI hai1. mAlavA 2. upendra 3. bairisiMha 4.sIyaka 5. vAkpatirAja 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR9-10 2. vahI, pR 10 3. vahI, pR10 4. vahI, pR10 5. vahI, pR11 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #259
230 6. bairisiMha 7.sIyaka harSa 8. vAkpati bhuMjarAja saM. 1031 9. siMdhurAja (na 6 kA bhAI) 10. bhojarAja (rAjA bhoja saM 1078) . 11. udayAditya 1116 12. naravarmA saM 1161 13. yazovarmA saM 1192-93 14. ajaya varmA 15. viMdhyavarmA saM 1200 16. sumaravarmA saM 1235 17. arjuna varmA saM 1256 AbU 1. utpalarAja 2. araNyarAja 3. kRSNarAja 4. araNyarAja 5. mahipAla 6. dhandhuka 7. pUrNapAla saM 1099-302 8. dhruvabhaTa 9. rAmadeva 10. yazodhavala 11. dhArAvarSa 1236-1256 12. somasiMha 13. kRSNarAja 14. pratApasiMha 15. jaitakaraNa saM 1345 bhaNDArI jI kA kathana hai ki uparokta vaMzAvaliyoM aura unake saMvatoM para vicAra karane se yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki upendra aura upala donoM nAma zAyada eka hI rAjA ke ho| Upara likhI huI donoM vaMzAvaliyoM meM pUrNapAla kA samaya karIba saMvat 1100 ke nizcita hotA hai aura utpala rAjya isake 7 puzta pUrva huA hai| hara puzta kA samaya karIba 25 varSa mAna liyA jAya, to isa hisAba se utpalarAja kA samaya karIba vikrama saMvat 950 ThaharatA hai| yahI samaya vAkpatirAja aura mahArAja bhoja ke zilAlekhoM se upendra kA AtA hai| yaha vaha samaya hai jaba maNDovara meM parihAra rAjA bAhuka thaa| isa kA eka saMvata 940 kA jodhapura ke koTa meM milA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #260
231 yahI samaya osiyA ke basane kA mAlUma hotA hai| par3ihAra rAjA bAhuka aura bhAI kukkuka ke zilAlekhoM (ghaTiyAla grAma meM prApta) saMvata 918 aura saMvat 940 kI lipi se bhI ukta prazasti kI lipi milatI huI hai| isase purAnI lipi osiyAM meM kisI aura purAne lekha kI nahIM hai|' __ Upaladeva ne maNDovara ke jisa rAjA ke yahA~ Azraya liyA thA, use saba logoM ne par3ihAra likhA thA, lekina par3itAroM kI jAti vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI meM paidA huI, aisA pAyA jAtA hai| isakA pramANa bAhuka rAjA ke usa zilAlekha meM milatA hai, jisameM likhA hai ki brAhmaNa harizcandra kI rAjapUta patnI se par3ihAra utpanna hue| par3ihAra jAti kI utpatti rAjA bAhuka se 12 puzta pahale yAni harizcandra brAhmaNa se huI hai| aura bAraha puztoM ke liye jyAdA se jyAdA samaya 300 varSa kA nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| rAjA bAhuka kA samaya saMvat 894 kA thaa| isa hisAba se harizcandra kA putra rAjula jo maNDovara ke par3ihAra rAjAoM kA mUla puruSa thA, vaha saMvat 600 ke karIba huA ho| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri jI ke upadeza se jo aTThAraha kaume eka dina meM samyaktva grahaNa karake osavAla jAti meM praviSTa huI thI, una saba ke nAma karIba aise haiM, jo saMvat 222 meM duniyA ke parde para hI maujUda nahIM thii| yaha aTThAraha jAtiyAM nimnAnusAra haiM1. paramAra 7. par3ihAra 13. makavANA 2. sisodiyA 8. bor3A 14.kachavAlA 3. rAThauDa 9. dahiyA 15. gaur3a 4. solaMkI 10. bhATI 16.kharavada 5. cauhAna 11. moyala 17. berada 6. sAMkhalA 12. goyala 18. saurava paramAra jAti vi.saM 900 ke pazcAt dRSTigocara hotI hai| 222 vi.saM meM paramAroM kA astitva nahIM thaa| sisodiyA gahalotoM kI zAkhA hai| rAvala samarasiMha ke samaya kA eka zilAlekha saMvat 1342 kA khudA huA AbU pahAr3a para hai| rAThauDoM ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki saMvat 1000 ke karIba mAravAr3a hathakuNDiyA nAmaka sthAna meM ye loga basate the| bIjApura ke saMvat 996 aura saMvat 1153 ke lekha meM inheM rASTra kUTa aura hastakuNDI nagarI kA mAlika likhA hai| isakA koI lekha vi.saM 900 ke pUrva kA nahIM solaMkI dakSiNa meM rahate the aura cAlukyavaMza ke nAma se prasiddha the| inake koI 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR3-12 2. vahI, pR12-13 3. vahI, pR13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Sh 232 zilAlekha saMvat 681 ke pUrva kA nahIM hai| cauhAnoM ke lekha bhI saMvat 1000 ke pUrva ke nahIM mile haiN| sAMkhalA paramAroM kI zAkhA hai| muhaNota naiNasI ne dharaNI varAha ke putra bAgha kI aulAda se isakI utpatti mAnI hai| bIjApura ke lekha meM dharaNIvarAha kA saMvat 1050 ke karIba hai| solaMkiyoM kA rAjya saMvat 1200 ke karIba kirADU meM honA pAyA jAtA hai| parihAra jAti bhI vi.saM 222 meM nahIM thii| bhATI jAti kA prAmANika itihAsa 1200 ke karIba prakAza meM AtA hai| jaisalamera ke dIvAna mehatA ajItavIra jI ne apane bhaTTI nAmeM meM isakI utpatti kA samaya saMvat 336 ke pazcAt lAhora ke rAjA bhaTTI kI saMtAnoM se honA likhA hai| moyala jAti cauhAnoM kI eka zAkhA hai| isakA saMvata 1500 taka lADanU nAmaka sthAna para rAjya karanA pAyA jAtA hai| soyala gahalotoM kI eka zAkhA hai| isakI utpatti bAppA rAvala se huI hai| yaha itihAsa prasiddha hai ki bAppA rAvala ne saMvat 770 ke pazcAt mAnarAja morI se cittor3a kA rAjya liyA thaa| inakA rAjya mAravAr3a ke ilAke meM thA, jise rAThaur3oM ne chIna liyA thaa| dahiyA jAti kA rAjya cauhAnoM se pUrva saMvat 1200 ke karIba jAlora meM thA, para ye paramAroM ke Azrita yA naukara the| makavAnA jAti paramAroM kI zAkhA kahI jAtI hai| inakI choTI zAkhA jhAlA' hai| kachavAhA jAti kAsaMvata 1100 ke pazcAt mvAliyara meM pAyA gayA hai| eka zilAlekha saMvat 1150 kA hai| isameM rAjA mahipAla ke pUrva ATha puzteM likhI huI hai| pratyeka puzta yadi 25 varSa kI mAna lI jAya to 200 varSa pUrva arthAt saMvat 850 taka unakA vahA~ rahanA sambhava ho sakatA hai| gaur3a jAti baMgAla se pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke samaya rAjapUtAne meM AI, pUrva meM nhiiN|' isa prastutIkaraNa ke pazcAt bhaNDArI jI ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA, prAcIna jainAcAryoM ke mata kI puSTi meM- jo ki osavAla jAti kI utpatti ko bhagavAna mahAvIra se 70 varSa ke pazcAt mAnate haiM, abhI taka koI aisA majabUta aura dRr3ha pramANa nahIM milatA, jisake bala para isa mata kI satyatA ko svIkAra kiyA jA ske| kucha aura pramANa dekara inhoMne siddha kiyA hai ki vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI taka to isa jAti kI utpatti kI khoja meM kisI prakAra khIMcatAnI se pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, magara usake pUrva to koI bhI pramANa hameM nahIM milatA, jisameM osavAla jAti, upakeza jAti, yA ukeza jAti kA nAma AtA ho| usake pahale isa jAti kA itihAsa aise aMdhakAra meM hai ki usa para kucha bhI 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR. 13-16 2. vahI, pR 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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233 chAnabIna nahIM kI jA sktii| dUsare usa samaya isa jAti ke na hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki osavAla ke mUla 18 gotroM kI utpatti kSatriyoM ke jina aTThAraha zAkhAoM se honA jainAcAryoM ne likhA hai, una zAkhAoM kA astitva bhI usa samaya nahIM thA, taba koI bhI jimmedAra itihAsakAra una zAkhAoM se 18 gotroM kI utpatti kisa prakAra mAna sakatA hai| vikrama ke 400 varSa pUrva se lekara vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI taka arthAta lagAtAra 300 varSoM meM isa jAti ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prAmANika vivecana kA na milanA, isake astitva ke sambandha meM zaMkA utpanna kara sakatA hai| ___ zrI pUraNacaMdra nAhara kI mAnyatA hai, jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~ prathama rAjapUtoM se jainI banAne vAle zrI pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya zrIratnaprabhasUri jainAcArya the| ukta ghaTanAko prathama zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI kI isa paramparA kA nAma upakezagaccha bhI na thaa| kyoMki zrI vIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt zrI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jisa samaya jainAgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiye the, usa samaya ke jaina siddhAntoM meM aura 'zrI kalpasUtra kI sthirAvalI' Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha nahIM hai| uparokta kAraNoM se sambhava hai ki saMvat 500 ke pazcAt aura saMvat 1000 ke pUrva kisI samaya upakeza yA osavAla jAti kI utpatti huI hogI aura usI samaya se upakezagaccha kA nAmakaraNa bhI huA hogaa| ___ 'osavAla vaMza: anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM' ke lekhaka zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI ne bhI bhaNDArI jI ke padacihnoM kA anugamana kara kahA ki itihAsa aura purAtatva jaina-ajaina vidvAna osavAla jAti kI utpatti 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca honA mAnate haiN|' zrI bhaMsAlI ne aneka lekhakoM- zrI gaurI zaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, DaoN.DI. Ara. bhaNDArakara, muni darzanavijaya, muhaNota naiNasI, zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA, zrI jagadIzasiMha gahalota aura zrI pUrNacaMda nAhara Adi ke vicAra uddhRta kiye| ojhA jI ke anusAra osavAloM kI utpatti kA samaya vIra nirvANase 70 varSa pazcAt (vikrama saMvata 400 varSa pUrva) aura bhAToM kA 222 saMvat kalpita hai, kyoMki usa samaya osiyA nagarI kI sthApanA kA patA nahIM thaa| purAtatvavettA DaoN. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara ne mAnA hai ki uppaladeva ne parihAra rAjA ke yahA~ zaraNa maaNgii| parihAra rAjA ne use bhelapura paTTana de diyA aura kahA ki vahA~ zaraNa lo aura use puna: AbAda karo, jo abhI ujar3A huA hai| uppaladeva ne use puna: AbAda kiyA, vahI osiyA ke nAma se prasiddha huA kyoMki upaladeva ne vahA~ osalA kiyA thaa| mAravAr3I bhASA meM osalA zabda kA artha hai, zaraNArthI kA zaraNasthala / ' yaha samaya navIM zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra uppaladeva sUryavaMzI thA aura bhInamAla kA rAjA 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pRSTha 18-19 2. zrI sohanarAjabhaMsAlI, osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, 43 3. vahI, pR3 4. osavAla vaMza: anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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234 thA, kintu bhAToM ke anusAra uppaladeva paramAra thaa| zrI sukhasampatarAjabhaNDArI, 'paTTAvalI samuccaya' ke lekhaka muni darzanavijaya, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, muhaNauta naiNasI rI khyAt, itihAsakAra zrI agaracaMda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, zrI jagadIzasiMha gahalota, zrI pUrNacaMdra nAhara aura DaoN. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara Adi sabhI uppaladeva ko paramAra mAnate haiN|' 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' meM upaladeva ko vi.saM 400 varSa pUrva huA mAnate haiM aura bhAToM ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 222 meM / tIsarA mata itihAsakAroM kA hai, jo itihAsa ke tathya tathA paramAravaMza ke upalabdha zilAlekhoM para AdhArita hai / mAravAr3a ke paramAroM kI zrRMkhalAbaddha vaMzAvaliyAM uppaladeva se milatI hai| paramAroM kA mUla sthAna AbU thaa| yahA~ se hI ye loga alaga alaga phaile / gujarAta, mAravAr3a, AbU, bhInamAla Adi kaI pradezoM para paramAroM kA adhikAra rahA / ina paramAroM ke kaI zilAlekha jodhapura saMbhAga ke jAlora bhADUMda, kirADU, diyANA aura AbU meM mile haiN| paramAra kRSNarAja ke saMvat 1113 aura 1123 ke do zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kRSNarAja do putra the| saMvat 1098 ke basantagar3ha aura saMvat 1102 ke bhADUMda ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki pUrNapAla apane pitA kI gaddI para baiThA aura kRSNarAja bhInamAla kA rAjA thaa| __paramAroM ke sambandha meM diyANA grAma ke jaina maMdira meM vi.saM 1024 kA sabase purAnA abhilekha milA hai| isake anusAra kRSNarAja ke zAsana meM kisI varddhamAna dvArA vIra prabhu kI mUrti pratiSThita karane kA vivaraNa hai| yaha zilAlekha kRSNarAja paramAra kA samaya nizcita karane meM sahAyaka siddha huA hai| yaha kRSNarAja AbU ke paramAra uppaladeva kA pautra thaa| isa taraha uppaladeva aura kRSNarAja ke bIca do pIr3hI hotI hai / isa do pIr3hI kA samaya sAmAnyata: 50 varSa kA hotA hai| isa prakAra uppaladeva kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI ke Asa pAsa kA mAnA jA sakatA hai|' 'osiyA ke jainamaMdira ke saMvat 1032 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya vahA~ pratihAroM kA rAjya thaa| hama paramAra uppaladeva kA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAna cuke haiN| paramAra uppaladeva ne maNDora ke pratihAroM ke yahA~ zaraNa lI, yaha bAta sabhI mata vAle svIkAra karate haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki uppaladeva ne dasavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa Akara zaraNa lI aura osiyA basAI, kyoMki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM to osiyA meM pratihAroM kA rAjya thaa|' karnala TADa ke anusAra navIM zatAbdI ke pUrva paramAroM kA koI bar3A rAjya nahIM thaa| ojhA jI ke anusAra dharaNIzAha ke pote uppaladeva ko mAravAr3a ke parihAroM ne dasavIM zatAbdI meM zaraNa dii| "rAjasthAna kI jAtiyoM kI khoja' ke lekhaka ke anusAra osiyA meM vi.saM 885 meM uppaladeva paramAra kA rAjya thaa| DaoN. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara ke anusAra paramAra uppaladeva ko 1. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR4 2. muni jayantavijaya, arbudacAla pradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha 3. vahI 4. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR6 5. vahI, pR7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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235 parihAroM ne navIM zatAbdI meM zaraNa dii|' ___ jahA~ taka parihAroM kI utpatti kA prazna hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bAhuka rAjA ke ghaTiyAlA (jodhapura se 20 mIla dUra) meM vi.saM 918 aura 941 ke zilAlekha mile haiN| ina zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki harizcandra brAhmaNa, jo maNDora ke rAjA ke yahA~ DyoDhIdAra thA, usakI rAjapUta strI se rAjula putra utpanna huaa| isa rAjula se hI parihAroM (pratihAroM) kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| rAjula kI 12vIM pIDhI meM bAhuka rAjA huA / isa prakAra 12 pIr3hI kA samaya 200-250 varSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase yaha sahaja siddha hotA hai ki parihAroM kI utpatti AThavIM zatAbdI meM huii| ata: uppaladeva paramAra AThavIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda hI maNDora meM zaraNa lene AyA, usake pUrva nhiiN| ata: uppaladeva ne osiyA bhI 8vIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda hI basAI, isake pUrva nahIM, yaha nizcita hai| ghaTiyAlA zalAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kukkuka maNDora kA pratihAra zAsaka thaa| usane saMvat 918 meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA ki osiyA kaba bsii| 'paramAroM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM aba taka upalabdha zilAlekhoM se itihAsakAra isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki uppaladeva parihAra kA samaya 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA hai, ata: upaladeva ne isI kAla meM osiyA basAI hai| itihAsakAra DA. bhaNDArakara, rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, DaoN. jagadIza siMha gahalota, muhaNauta naiNasI, paNDita vizvezvaranAtha reU, muni darzanavijaya jI, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, sukha sampatarAja bhaNDArI, pUraNacaMda jI nAhara, nAhaTAjI tathA jaina praznottara graMtha' ke lekhaka umarAvasiMha jI TAka Adi sabhI kA yahI mata hai ki uppaladeva ne 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI osiyAM basAI hai|' zrI bhaMsAlI ke anusAra osiyA meM Aja taka aisI koI vastu (mudrAeM, lohe tAMbe ke upakaraNa, bartana bhANDe Adi) utkhanana meM nahIM milI hai, jo isa nagarI ko 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI siddha karatI ho|' osiyA ke mahAvIra svAmI ke maMdira meM jo abhilekha (prazasti) lagA huA hai, vaha saMvat 1013' kA hai| maMdira ke stambha para bhI vi.saM 1075 kA eka choTA sA lekha hai| maMdira ke toraNa aura mUrtiyoM para kaI lekha utkIrNa hai, jo saMvat 1035 se 1758 taka ke haiN| eka lekha saMvata 1245' kA hai| jisameM eka vyakti dvArA apanA makAna maMdira ko bheMTa karane kA ullekha hai| 1. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR7-8 2. nAhara, jaina lekha saMgraha, saMkhyA 945 3. Dr. K.C. Jain, Jainism in Rajasthan. 4. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR8-9 5. vahI, pR9 6. vahI, pR 10 7. nAhara, jaina lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 788 8. vahI, lekhAMka 789 9. vahI, lekhAMka 806 10. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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236 ghaTiyAlA se prApta saMvat 918 aura vi. saMvat 940 ke lekhoM aura osiyA se prApta saMvata 1013 ke prAcInatama lekha kI lipi milatI huI hai| isase adhika prAcIna lipi osiyA se prApta kisI lekha kI nahIM hai, isase yaha mAnA jA sake ki osiyA AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva basI ho| osiyA ke saciyA mAtA ke maMdira meM jo lekha prazasti hai, vaha bhI saMvat 1236 kI hai| osiyA ke vartamAna meM jo imArateM, smAraka, chatariyAM, maMdira Adi haiM athavA hai tathA unake jo bhagnAvazeSa upalabdha hai, ve vAstukalA kI dRSTi se vAstukalAvidoM ke matAnusAra 9vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke haiN| ___ ojhA jI ke anusAra yahA~ ke maMdiroM kI banAvaTa candrAvatI va jhAlarApaTTana ke mandiroM se milatI huI hai, jo 9vIM zatAbdI kI hai| muhaNauta naiNaNI ne osiyA kA jaina maMdira 11vIM zatAbdI kA banA huA mAnA hai| DaoN. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara ne osiyA ke samasta maMdiroM ko tIna zreNI meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| 1. AThavIM va navIM zatAbdI ke bane hue| 2. gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke bane hue| 3. ve jo naye bane, yA dubArA bane aura 13 zatAbdI ke / zrI bhaMsAlI kI dhAraNA hai ki vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kisI bhI lekha meM yA prAcIna graMtha meM upakezagaccha kA nAma nahIM milatA, na koI upakeza, ueza yAosavAla jAti yA isake kisI gotra kA nAma hI pAyA jAtA hai| 'kalpasUtra kI sthirAvalI' Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha svAmI kI paramparA kA nAma bhI upakezagaccha nahIM thaa| vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kisI bhI zilAlekha, tAmrapatra, yA graMtha meM upakezagaccha kA nAmollekha na milanA yaha siddha karatA hai ki upakezagaccha itanA prAcIna nahIM hai, jitanA paTTAvalIkAra ne batAyA hai| aura aMta meM nirNaya de diyA ki 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalIkAra' ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 70 varSa bAda osiyA nagarI kI sthApanA kA aura osavaMza ke udbhava kA jo samaya batAyA hai eva jina aTThAraha osavAla gotroM kI utpatti kA samaya evaM jina prasaMgoM ke ullekha kiye haiM, ve saba upakezagaccha ke yatijanoM kI kalpanA kI ur3AneM mAtra haiN|' niSkarSa rUpa meM zrI bhaMsAlI ne kahA hai, 'uppaladeva ne maNDora meM Akara pratihAra (parihAra) rAjA ke yahA~ zaraNa lI, yaha bAta sabhI loga svIkAra karate haiN| uppaladeva paramAra ko pratihAra rAjA ne zaraNa dekara use bhelapurapaTTana de diyA aura kahA ki vahA~ jAkara rahA aura use puna: AbAda karo, jo ujar3a cukA hai| upaladeva vahA~ gyaa| usane bhelapurapuTTana aura usake AsapAsa kI bhUmi lekara 1. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR 10-3 2. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa 3. muhaNauta naiNasI, mAravAr3a ke paraganoM kI vigata, saMkhyAMka 137 4. Aracheological survey of India, 1908-09, Page 114 5. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM,120-21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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237 nayA nAma dekara use puna: bsaayaa| uppaladeva ne vahA~ osalA (zaraNa) liyA thaa| bhInamAla, siMdha, paMjAba, takSazilA Adi dUrastha deza videza ke logoM ne vahA~ Akara osalA (zaraNa) liyaa| isa kAraNa dhIre dhIre isa sthAna kA nAma osalA se osI aura osI ke bAda osiyA par3a gayA, sambhava hai| bhaMsAlI jI Age likhate haiM, 'mere vicAra se jaba uppaladeva zaraNa lene bhelapurapaTTana AyA to usane isa patanonmukha nagara ko tathA usake AsapAsa kI aura bhUmi ko lekara eka nayA nagara osiyA basAyA, usa samaya bhI isa bhelapura paTTana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jainamaMdira astitva meM thaa| vahA~ jainoM kI AbAdI bhI thii| saMvat 1013 ke abhilekha ke anusAra vatsarAja kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| uppaladeva ke osiyA basAne ke kucha varSoM bAda jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri aae| unake upadezoM aura camatkAra ke prabhAva se vahA~ ke nivAsI jainadharma kI ora AkarSita hue| aneka jAti ke logoM ne pratibodha pAkara ahiMsA dharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| yaha samaya lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA thaa| ye ratnaprabhasUri kisa gaccha ke the, isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| ye upakezagacchIya to nahIM the, yaha nizcita hai, kAraNa 'upakezagacchIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra isa gaccha ke chaThe va aMtima AcArya ratnaprabhasUri 5vIM zatAbdI meM ho cuke the|' vIra saMvat 70 meM osavaMza ke udbhava ko nakAra kara bhaMsAlI jI kahate haiM, ata: spaSTa hai ki usa samaya taka na to upakezagaccha hI thA aura na ueza, upakeza yA osavAla jAti kA udbhava hI huA thaa| __ aMta meM bhaMsAlI jI kahate haiM, ata: sabakucha vicAra karane para hama isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki isa osavAla jAti kA udbhava 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda hI huA hai, isake pUrva kadApi nhiiN|' nissaMdeha upakezagaccha paTTAvalI kA osavAla (ueza yA upakeza) jAti kA udbhava vi. saMvat 400 varSa pUrva honA batAnA aura bhAToM kA bIye bAise (222) meM honA mAnanA, ye donoM hI vicAra bhrAmaka aura kAlpanika ur3Ane mAtra hai|' isa sambandha meM nimnAMkita bindu vicAraNIya haiM osiyA kI prAcInatA uppaladeva kauna? paramAra yA kSatriya upakezagaccha kI prAmANikatA 1. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR25-26 2. vahI, pR27 3. muni jJAnasAgara, pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa 4. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR29 5. vahI, pR30 6. vahI, pR31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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238 osiyA kI prAcInatA aba isa bAta kI apekSA hai ki osiyA nagarI kI prAcInatA kA patA lagayA jaay| rAjasthAna ke kaI maMdira guptakAla aura guptakAla ke bAda ke haiM, jinameM osiyA ke maMdira bhI haiN| jahA~ taka osiyA kI prAcInatA kA prazna hai, utkhanana meM osiyA meM prastara yuga ke avazeSa prApta hue haiN| sUkSma prastara ojAra (Microlithlic tools) tahasIla osiyA meM ummeda se do mIla dUra para mile haiN|' jodhapura meM osiyA meM uttara guptakAlIna maMdira mile haiN|' osiyA ke maMdiroM kA zilpa aura dRSTi atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai / samanvayAtmaka mUrtiyoM meM osiyA meM harihara mUrti hai jisameM AdhA ziva aura AdhA viSNu hai| osiyA meM paMcAyatana prakAra ke do harihara maMdira hai|' ___osiyA meM kRSNamaMdiroM meM vasudeva ke sira ke Upara kRSNa, yazodA, kRSNa kA azva aura bhaiMsoM se yuddha, pUtanAvadha, kAliyadamana, govardhana dhAraNa, mAkhana corI Adi haiN| kucha dilacaspa mUrtiyoM meM balarAma ko zeSanAga kA avatAra batAyA hai| 1. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page, 28 Of the temples belonging to Gupta, Later Gupta and earlier mediveel periods either in ruins or renovated, mention may be made to the temples at Mukandara pass, charcoma & Krisna Vilas in Kota, The Harsata Mata temple at Abaneri, the Dilwara temples at Abu, the Jain temple at Sanganer, the Sun temple at Varman, Barod & Amer, the fort of Mandor and the temples at Osia. 2. Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page 34-35 Traces of another stone age, called the Microlithnic on account of the tiny character of the tools used, have been found both on the flanks of Eastern & Western Rajasthan, and such microclithnic culture might have existed in the sarasvati basin Special reterence in this connection, might be made to the microliths urearthed in Ajmer, Tonk, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pali & Udaipur districts, and they have been brought to light also from Raigarh in Jaipur district, from Umednagar in Tehsil Osia. 3. vahI, pR47 Microlithic tools were discovered also from a site, 2 miles at Umednagar in Tehsil Osia. 4. vahI, pR71 Of the later Gupta temples existed in Rajasthan may be mentioned, the temples at Osia in Jodhpur. 5. vahI,367 Among suncretist images attention should be drawn to the Harihara images, the left half of which represents Vishnu and the right half of Shiva. There are two hari-hara temples of the Panchayatana type at Osia. 6. vahI, pR372 The scenes at Osia (Jodhpur Division) include Vasudeva with the baby Krsna on his head, Krsna, Yasoda, Krisna's fight with horse & bull demons, murder of putna, Kaliyadamana, Goverdhan-dharna, stealing butter etc. From the same localty come some interesting images of Balrama which seem to represent him as an incarnation of Seshnaga. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #268
239 DaoN. Ara.sI. agravAla ne osiyA meM arddhanArIzvara mUrti kI ora saMketa kiyA hai|' osiyA meM sUrya kI pratimA bhI hai, jisake kamare meM vastra (scarf) haiM aura pA~voM meM jUte (boots) pahane haiN| kubera kI pratimA bhInamAla ke samAna hI osiyA meM bhI hai, jisa para vikrama saMvat 749 kA ullekha hai| isameM caNDikA ke caraNoM meM kubera aura gaNeza hai|' osiyA meM zreSTha guptakAlIna mUrtikalA ke avazeSa milate haiN|' vAstukalA kI dRSTi se bhI osiyA ke sundara maMdira apratima hai| zakti kI pratimAoM meM osiyA kI mahiSAsura mardinI hai, jise jainoM ne saccikA banA diyaa| osiyA vaibhavazAlI nagarI rahI hai aura isake mandira zreSTha aura apratima hai|' navagrahoM kI sundara pratimAeM osiyA ke maMdiroM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaha patA lagAnA Avazyaka hai ki osiyA kaba basI? kyA osiyA sacamuca itanI prAcIna nagarI hai, jaisA ki 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' likhA hai aura jaisA bhAToM ne 222 vikrama saMvata batalAyA hai| yaha bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai ki osiyA meM Aja taka koI bhI vastu utkhanana meM nahIM milI 1. Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page 378 Dr. R.C. Agrawal has described Ardhanarisvara images from Abaner, Osia & Mena and referred to the Khandela inscriptions of V. 701 (645 A.D.) which mentions the construction of temples of Ardhanarisvara 2. vahI, pR383 At Osia there is an images of the sun, with his waist tied with a scarf & the legs covered with long bouts. 3. vahI, pR 390 Kubera & Ganpati flank chandika on the pedastal of Pipladmata in Osia and are involved with her in Sakrai inscription of V. 749 4. vahI, pR530 In the field of art, Rajasthan, inherited the rich sculptural traditions of the Guptas as proved by the discoveries at Amjhara in Dungarpur, Jagat in Mewara, Abaneri in Jaipur, Osia in Jodhpur 5. vahI, pR. 531 In Architecture, Rajasthan evolved a superb style of its own which found in the beautiful temples of Osia. 6. vahI, pR 720 7. vahI, pR209 The Osia temples are a class by themselves. 8. vahI, pR 386 Beautiful portraiture of Navagrahas is to be seen also in the Osia temples. For Private and Personal Use Only

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240 jo isa nagarI ko AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI siddha karatI ho| isameM prastara yuga ke sUkSma prastara upakaraNa upalabdha ho cuke haiM, jisase isa nagarI kI prAcInatA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| jahA~ taka abhilekhoM kA prazna hai osiyA ke mahAvIra svAmI ke maMdira meM abhilekha lagA huA hai, vaha saMvat 1013 kA hai, eka stambha para vi.saM 1075 kA eka choTA sA lekha hai, maMdira ke toraNa aura mUrtiyoM para kaI lekha utkIrNa hai ve saciyA mAtA ke maMdira meM jo prazasti hai, vaha bhI saMvat 1236 kI hai| vAstuvidoM kI dRSTi se mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM hai, ojhA jI ne ina maMdiroM ko navIM zatAbdI kA mAnA hai, muhaNauta naiNasI ne mAravAr3a ke paraganA kI vigata meM 11 vIM zatAbdI kA, DaoN. DI. Ara. bhaNDArakara ne AThavIM, navIM, gyArahavIM aura terahavIM zatAbdI ke mAne haiM / ataH abhilekhI pramANa kI dRSTi se osiyA kI prAcInatA AThavIM zatAbdI ke pahale kI siddha nahIM hotii| itihAsakAroM meM DaoN. bhaNDArakara, zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, DaoN. jagadIzasiMha gahalota, paNDita vizvezvaranAtha reU, muni darzanavijaya, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, zrI sukha sampatarAja bhaNDArI, zrI pUraNacaMda jI nAhara, zrI agaracaMda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA sabhI mAnate haiM ki osiyA ko AThavIM se dasavIM zatAbdI ke bIca basAI gii| vastuta: kevala sthApatya, zilpa aura zilAlekhoM dRSTi se hI kisI nagara kI prAcInatA kA anumAna lagAnA ucita nahIM hai / dharmAcAryoM dvArA maukhika paramparA se likhita sAhitya aura bhAToM aura bhojakoM kI maukhika paramparA dvArA rakSita sAhitya ko bhI pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhiye / vartamAna nagara se 3 mIla dUra jo tivarI grAma avasthita hai, vaha prAcIna nagarI kA telIpADA rahA ho, yahA~ se 6 mIla dUra sthita paNDita jI kI DhANI kabhI isa nagara kA paNDitapura rahA ho, 6 mIla dUra sthita khetAsara, isI nagara kA kSatrIpurA rahA ho, 24 mIla dUra lohAvara isa nagara kI luhAroM kI bastI ho, yaha bahuta sambhava hai| isa nagara se 20 mIla dUra sthita ghaTiyAlI grAma ko prAcIna osiyAM kA praveza dvArA mAnA jAtA hai| ghaTiyAlI ke utkhanana meM aneka prAcIna cihna mile haiN| yahAM kabhI 108 jainamaMdira the, jinameM se mAtra eka mahAvIra svAmI kA maMdira bacA hai| dasa bAraha maMdiroM ke avazeSa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / inhIM khaNDaharoM se prAcIna nagara se vistAra kA aMdAja lagAyA jA sakatA hai| tatkAlIna upakezanagara ke 12 yojana lambA aura 9 yojana caur3A basA hone ullekha graMthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai|' jisa mahAvIra maMdira meM osavAla jAti ke saMsthApaka zrI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti kI pratiSThA kiyA jAne kA ullekha graMthoM meM hai, osiyA kA vaha mahAvIra maMdira aba bhI vidyamAna hai| isI maMdira meM jinadAsa zrAvaka dvArA nirmita raMgamaMDapa kA saMvat 1013 kA eka zilAlekha hai, jisameM pratihAra sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka mahArAjA vatsarAja kI prazasti hai | 2 mUla maMdira meM AdinAtha bhagavAna kI sundara pratimAeM hai, jina para saMvat 1551 utkIrNa hai / janazruti ke AdhAra para yaha 400 varSa pUrva rAjA samprati ke kAla kI batAI jAtI hai| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR 70 2. vahI, pR 70 For Private and Personal Use Only

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241 isa maMdira meM jinadAsa zrAvaka dvArA nirmita raMgamaNDapa ke saMvat 1013 ke alAvA nimnAMkita zilAlekha draSTavya hai / - 1. toraNa dvAra kA lekha vi.sa. 1035 ASADha sudi 10 2. raMgamaNDapa ke stambha kA lekha - vi.sa. 1231 mAgha sudi 5 3. maMdira ke lekha vi.sa. 1180 cetrasudi 8 dUsarI vi.sa. 1134 migasara vadI 7 4. jinAlaya kA lekha vi.sa. 1207 5. mUrtiyoM kA lekha vi.sa. 1088 vi.sa. 1234 osiyAM bhagnAvazeSoM ke liye prasiddha hai| osiyAM meM harihara kA paMcAyatana rUpa hai jisameM mUrti kA AdhA hari (viSNu) aura AdhA hara (ziva) kA hai| osiyA ke eka maMdira kRSNa kI vibhinna lIlAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahiNasura mardinI kI aneka mUrtiyAM haiN| yahA~ ke prAcIna maMdiroM meM sUryamaMdira kalA kI dRSTi se zreSTha hai| maMdira ke stambha bar3e hI kalAtmaka hai| pahAr3I para sthita saciyAmAtA kA maMdira hai aura zilAlekhoM se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki isakA aneka bAra jIrNoddhAra huaa| "vartamAna osiyAM nagara ujar3akara bhI apanI aneka sadiyoM kI kahAnI kahane meM samartha hai| hinda, jaina, zaiva, zakti aneka dharmoM kI samanvita gAthA osiyAM ke khaNDaharoM se aba bhI dhvanita ho rahI hai|" itihAsakAroM ne yaha mAnyatA vyakta kI hai ki osiyA AThavIM zatAbdI meM basI, kintu aisA dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha eka prAcIna nagarI hai| utkhanana ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki prastara yuga meM yaha nagara thA, kintu usake pazcAt purAtatvavettA aura itihAsakAra mauna hai| nagara ke utkhanana se hI prAcIna osiyAM kI prAcInatA siddha ho sakatI hai| zrI bhaNDArakara ne mahAvIra maMdira ke raMgamaNDapa meM sthita 28 paMktiyoM ke vRhada zilAlekha kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM rAvaNasaMhAraka zrIrAma ke bhrAtA lakSmaNa ke vaMzajoM ke pratihAra vaMza meM hue rAjA vatsarAja kI prazasti hai, jinhoMne maMdira kI pratiSThApanA krvaaii| ukezanagara ke madhya meM sthita mahAvIra maMdira ke raMgamaNDapa ke nirmANakartA jindaka nAmaka vyApArI kA vikrama saMvat 1013 meM jIrNeddhAra karAne kA ullekha bhI zilAlekha meM hai| zrI bhaNDArakara ke anusAra yaha maMdira san 770800 meM avazya maujUda rahA hogaa|"3 bhAratIya itihAsa ke aitihAsika srotoM para dRSTipAta kareM to saMvatoM kI kathA atyadhika 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR71 2. vahI, pR74 3. vahI, pR77 For Private and Personal Use Only

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242 jaTila hai| zilAlekhoM meM jahA~ kevala saMvat hai aura vikrama zabda kA abhAva hai, vahA~ kevala saMvata zabda saMzaya utpanna karatA hai| eka aura ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki isa zilAlekha meM "saMvatsara dazazatyAma dhikAyaM vatsaraistrayo dazAbhi: phAlguna zuklA tRtIyA' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga vikrama saMvata sthApita nahIM krtaa| saMvat 1013 ko naMdivardhana saMvata mAne to vikrama saMvata 501 AtA hai aura vIra saMvata mAne ko vikrama saMvata 543 AtA hai| bhArata deza meM vibhinna saMvatoM ko pracalana samaya samaya para hotA rahA hai| ata: nizcita samaya sthApita karane ke liye anya sAkSyoM kA sahArA atyAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA kI dhAraNA hai ki pratihAra zAsaka vatsarAja kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI kA honA cAhiye / udyotana sUri racita 'kuvalayamAla' meM pratihAra zAsaka vatsarAja kA ullekha hai| kuvalayamAlA kA racanAkAla vikrama chaThI zatI mAnA jAtA hai| DaoN. dazaratha zarmA kI mAnyatA hai ki pratihAra zAsaka vatsarAja ke rAjya meM jAlaura meM udyatana sUri ne kuvalayamAlA' kI racanA vi.saM 778 meM kii| ___ DaoN. ke.bI. rameza ne apane eka lekha (1972) meM osiyAM meM harihara maMdira ke AMgana meM surakSita vi.sa. 893 aura 992 ke do smAraka lekhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nissaMdeha osiyAM usa samaya eka samRddha nagara rahA hogaa|' mahAvIra maMdira ke prAMgaNa meM toraNa para utkIrNita saMvat 1035 ke pratiSThA lekha ke kucha bhI pUrNacaMda nAhara ne 'jaina lekhasaMgraha' (lekhAMka 789) meM prakAzita kiye haiN| zrI bhaNDArakara ne bhI ukta aMza meM utkIrNita saM 1035 ASADha sudi 10 AdityavAre svAti nakSatre zrI toraNa pratiSThita miti ke AdhAra para toraNa dvAra kI mAtra sthApanA tithi dI thii| parantu yaha pATha toraNa utkIrNita abhilekha kA eka aMza mAtra thaa| paMjAba vizvavidyAlaya ke purAtatvavibhAga ke pro. devendra hANDA ne toraNa ke stambhakI aSTakoNAtmaka paTTikA para utkIrNita abhilekha ko osiyA kI prAcInatA' Alekha ke sAtha karmayogI zrI kesarImala jI surANA abhinandanagraMtha meM prakAzita kiyA hai, jisameM "yati saMvatsarANAM sura muni sahita vikrama.... gurau zukla pakSe paMcabhyAm.... sa kIrtikAra..... kaSaTa devayaza: sadya sonAzikhe...... Adi pATha draSTavya hai| pro. hANDA ke anusAra suramuni se sura Ane 33 aura muni yAni 7 yAni vikrama saMvat 733 meM nirmita artha abhipreta hai|"5 suramuni ko ulTA na paDhakara yadi sIdhA paDhe to kyA yaha vi.sa. 337 sambhava nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se yaha stambha vi.sa. 337 artha abhipreta hai / isa prakAra ulTA paDhe to vikrama saMvat 733 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR77 2. vahI, pR78 3. Rajashtan through the Ages, Page 110. In the Pratihara period (750-1018 A.D.) itself the earliest reference to the ward, Gurjara, is found in the 'Kuvlayamala' of Uddyotana Suri written at Jalore, in 778 A.D. in the reign of redoubtable Pratihara ruler Ranhastin Vatsraja, 4. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR78 5. vahI, pR79 For Private and Personal Use Only

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243 aura sIdhA par3he to vi.sa. 337 artha abhipreta hai| astu vi.sa. 337 athavA vi.sa. 733 ke pUrva osiyAM avazya samRddha nagara rahA hogaa| pro. hANDA ne osiyAM sthita zrI vardhamAna jaina ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya kI nIMva khode jAte vakta mile una sikkoM bhI jikra kiyA hai jo, araba zAsaka ahamada ke samaya ke haiN| 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM osiyAM para araboM kA AkramaNa huA hai / ye sikke osiyAM ke seTha maMgalasiMha ratanasiMha devI kI per3I TrasTa meM surakSita hai|' osiyAM ke utkhanana meM kucha aise saMcayana bhANDa mile haiM, jina para brAhmI lipi ke abhilekha haiN| pro. hANDA ke anusAra ye bhAMDa IsA kI dUsarI/tIsarI zatAbdI ke haiN| isase osiyA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| pro. hANDA mAnate haiM ki isa upalabdhi se isa bAta meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki osiyA nagara IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM thaa| brAhmI ke prAcInatama namUne bastI jile meM prApta piparAvA ke stUpa tathA ajamera jile ke baDalI gAMva ke zilAlekha meM mile haiN| inakA samaya 5vIM sadI IsA pUrva mAnA gayA hai| usa samaya se lekara 350 I. taka brAhmI lipi kA prayoga milatA hai| __isa prakAra navInatama utkhanana meM jo saMcayana bhANDa milate haiM, jina para brAhmI lipi ke abhilekha haiM, ata: isa upalabdhise osiyAM kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai aura aneka itihAsakAroM kI yaha dhAraNA nirmUla siddha ho jAtI hai ki osiyA kA astitva AThavI zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM thaa| osiyA kA astitva vIra saMvat 70 arthAt vikrama saMvata ke 400 varSa pUrva avazya thaa| utkhanana ke dvArA nayI khojoM ne osiyA kI prAcInatA ko pratipAdita kara aba taka kI mAnyatAoM kI dhajjiyAM ur3A dI hai ki osiyA prAcIna nahIM, arvAcIna nagarI hai| upaladeva kauna ? osavAla jAti kI utpatti ke sambandha 'upakezagaccha caritra' aura 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM arthAt vi.sa. se karIba 400 varSa pUrva bhinnamAla ke rAjA bhImasena ke putra upaladeva ne osiyAM nagarI basAI aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke sAtaveM paTTadhara upakezagacchIya AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne rAjA ko pratibodha dekara jainadharma kI dIkSA dI aura mahAjana vaMza kI sthApanA kii| bhaNDArI jI ke kathAnusAra "yaha bAta to prAya: nirvivAda siddha hai ki osiyA nagarI kI sthApanA upaladeva paramAra ne kI jo ki kisI kAraNavaza apanA deza chor3akara maNDovara ke par3ihAra rAjA kI zaraNa meM AyA thaa|"4 yaha upaladeva kahA~ se AyA, isake viSaya meM kaI mata hai| kucha kahate haiM, yaha bhInamAla 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR79 2. vahI, pR79 3. DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI, hindI bhASA, pR682 4.zrI sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI, osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 244 se AyA aura kucha kirADU se AnA mAnate haiM / bhInamAla ke purAne maMdiroM meM jo saMskRta lekha pattharoM para khude mile haiM, usameM do lekha kRSNarAja paramAra ke haiN| eka saMvat 1113 kA aura dUsarA 1123 kA hai| pichale lekha meM kRSNarAja ke pitA kA nAma dhaMdhuka milatA hai| yaha dhaMdhuka AbU kA rAjA thaa| isake do putra the - eka pUrNapAla, dUsarA kRSNarAja / pUrNapAla ke samaya kA eka lekha saMvat 1098 kA sirohI jile ke eka vIrAna gAMva basantagaDha se milA hai aura dUsarA saMvata 1102 kA mAravAr3a ke bhaDUMda nAmaka gAMva meM milA hai| ina donoM lekhoM se yaha bAta pAI jAtI hai ki dhaMdhuka kA bar3A putra pUrNapAla apane pitA kI gaddI para baiThA aura kRSNarAja ko bhInamAla kA rAjya milA / kRSNarAja ke pIche bhInamAla kA rAjya usake vaMza meM rahA, , jisakA ullekha saMvat 1239 ke lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai jisameM mahArAjaputra jaitasiMha kA nAma AyA hai| nAma ke sAtha yadyapi jAti nahIM likhI huI hai, para sambhava hai ki yaha bhInamAla kA aMtima rAjA yA yuvarAja rahA hogaa| kyoMki isake pIche saMvat 1262 ke lekha meM cauhAna rAjA udayasiMha kA nAma AtA hai| bhInamAla ke paramAra rAjAoM meM utpalarAja kA nAma nahIM hai / ' 6. ghurabhaTa www.kobatirth.org dUsarA mata kirADU ke sambandha meM hai / yahA~ eka lekha 1218 kA milA hai, jo paramAroM se sambandha rakhatA hai / isa lekha se patA calatA hai ki mAravAr3a kA pahalA paMvAra rAjA siMdhurAja thaa| inake vaMza meM kramaza: sUrajarAja, devarAja, sobharAja aura udayarAja hue| yahA~ bhI upaladeva kA patA kahIM nahIM calatA hai|' yaha bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai| vastuta: AbU aura kirADU ke paramAra rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI meM isa vaMza kA prArambha dhUmarAja se huA, kintu vaMzAvalI siMdhurAja se prArambha mAnI jAtI hai| siMdhurAja ke pazcAt utpalarAja zAsaka mAnA jAtA hai| yaha vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai - dhUmarAja 1. siMdhurAja 9. pUrNapAla lohibhIdeva 2. utpalarAja 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR9 2. vahI, pR 10 3. araNyarAja 4. udbhuta kRSNarAja (967 I.) I 1 5. gharaNiTarAha 7. mahipAla devarAja (1002 I.) 8. dhuMdhuka 10. daMtivardhana // T yogarAja Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 11. kRSNadeva / / (1060 -1066 I.) For Private and Personal Use Only

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245 rAmadeva 12. kAkaladeva 13. vikramasiMha 14. yezodhavala (1144 I) 15. dhAra varSa (1663, 1176, 1180, 1183, 1188, 1190, 1192, 1198, 1208, 1214, 1217, 1219 I.) 16. somasiMha (1230, 1233, 1236 I.)) 17. kRssnnraaj|| 18. pratApAsiMha 1287 I. 19. arjuna (1290 I.) 20. vikrama siMha (1200 I.) zrI bhaNDArI jI ne aTakala lagAI, "isase yaha patA calatA hai ki sambhava hai dhUmarAja ke pIche aura utpalarAja ke pahale bIca meM kucha gar3abar3I huI ho aura utpalarAja se phira rAjya kAyama huA ho| kyA Azcarya hai ki isI utpalarAja ko maNDovara ke par3ihAra rAjA kI zaraNa meM AnA par3A ho| isase jahA~ taka hamArI samajha hai ki osiyA kA basAne vAlA upaladeva hI AbU kA upaladeva ho|" khIMcatAna kara pahale zrI pUrNacaMda nAhara ne aura phira bhaNDArI jI ne AbU ke utpalarAja ko binA kisI pramANa ke osiyA kA saMsthApaka upalarAja mAna liyaa| mAlavA ke paramAra rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI bhaNDArI jI ne dI haiupendra vairIsiMha sIyaka vAkapatirAja sIyakaharya vAkapatirAja puMjarAja (saM 1031) sindhurAja (saMvat 1036-1050) bhojarAja bhojarAja kI sAtavIM pIDhI meM eka rAjA upaladeva huA, yathA- 1. rAjAbhoja, 2. rAjA vida, 3. rAjA udayacaMda, 4. rAjA jagadeva, 5. rAjA DAbarikha, 6. rAjA dhUmarikha, 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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246 7. rAjA upldev| mAlavA ke paramAra rAjAoM meM rAjA upaladeva kA nAmonizAna nahIM hai| yaha nimnAnusAra 1. kRSNarAva 2. verisiMha 3. sIyaka 4. vAkapatirAja 5.verisiMha II 6. zrI harSasiMha 7. muMja 8. siMdhurAja 9. bhojA 10. jayasiMhA 3. udayAditya 12. lakSmaNadeva 13. naravarmA 14. yazovarmana 15. jayavarmA 16. ajaya varmA 17. viMdhya varmA 18. sumaTa varmA 19. arjuna varmA 20. devapAla 21. jagata gidrava 22. jayavarmana 23. jayasiMha 24. arjuna varmA II 25. bhoja II 26. jayasiMha DA. dazaratha zarmA ne yaha vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra prastuta kI hai| isameM vAkpati II kA nAma muMja yA utpala bhI mAnA hai - ___ 1. upendra 1. rAjapUtAnA myujiyama riporTa, ajamera 193-12 lekha 2, pR2 2. Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page 549-552 For Private and Personal Use Only

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247 2. verisiNh| 3. sIyakA 4. ajJAta zAsaka 5. kRSNarAja, vaakpti| 6. verisiMha 7. sIyaka II (949, 969 AD) 8. vAkapati I] (muMja, utpala, 949, 969 I.) bhaNDArI jI ne dUra kI ur3Ana bharakara mAnA ki upendra aura upaladonoM nAma donoM eka hI rAjA ke hoM aura araNyarAja aura verisiMhabhAI bhAI hoN| jinameM pahale se AbUevaM dUsare se mAlavA kI zAkhA nikalI ho| pUrNapAla kA samaya saMvat 1100 nizcita hotA hai aura utpaladeva isake sAta varSa pUrva huaa| hara puzta kA samaya yadi 25 varSa mAna liyA jAya to utpalarAja kA samaya vi.sa. 950 varSa ThaharatA hai| yahI samaya vAkpatirAja aura mahArAja bhoja ke zilAlekhoM se upendra kA AtA hai| yahI vaha samaya hai jaba maNDovara meM parihAra rAjA bAhuka rAjya karatA thaa| isa samaya kAeka zilAlekha saMvata 940 kAjodhapura ke koTa meM milA hai| yahI samaya osiyA ke basane kA mAlUma hotA hai| isa kalpanA kI puSTi osiyA ke jaina maMdira kI prazasti kI lipise hotI hai, jo vi. saMvat 1013 kI khudI huI hai| par3ihAra rAjA bAhuka aura usake bhAI kakkuka ke zilAlekhoM (saMvat 918 aura saMvat 941) kI lipi se ukta prazasti kI lipi milatI huI hai| isase purAnI lipi osiyA meM kisI aura lekha kI nahIM hai|" jisa bhrAmaka avadhAraNA kA bIjAropaNa pUrNacaMda nAhara ne kiyA ki paramAra upaladeva ne osiyAM nagarI basAI, usI kA pallavana zrI bhaNDArI ne apane 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa' aura zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI ne osavAla baMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM kiyaa| yaha uppaladeva kauna thA ? isa 1. upakezagaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra uppaladeva sUryavaMzI thA aura bhInamAla kA rAjakumAra thaa| 2. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa ke lekhaka sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI ise paramAra mAnate 3. muMzI darzanavijaya jI ke 'paTTAvalI samuccaya' meM ise paramAra hI likhA hai| 4. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra uppaladeva paramAra thaa| 5. 'muhaNauta naiNasIro khyAta meM' uppaladeva ko kirADU kA mAnA hai| kirADU para paramAroM kA rAjya thaa| ata: upaladeva paramAra hI huaa| 6. zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA aura zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne upaladeva ko paramAra hI mAnA 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR 3-16 2. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR4-5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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248 7. itihAsakAra gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, zrI jagadIzasiMha gahalota aura zrI pUrNacaMda nAhara Adi vidvAnoM ne upaladeva ko paramAra hI mAnA hai| 8. 'rAjasthAna jAtiyoM kI khoja' meM likhA hai ki vi.sa. 885 meM osiyAM meM uppaladeva kA rAjya thA aura yaha paramAra thaa| 9. 'jaina praznottara' ke anusAra uppaladeva paramAra thaa| 10. antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta purAtatva ke udbhaTa vidvAna aura vAstuvida DA. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara ne upaladeva ko paramAra hI mAnA hai|' __ osavAloM kI utpatti kA AdhArabhUta graMtha 'upakezagaccha caritra' aura 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' hai| upakezagaccha ne aura 'pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa' ke lekhaka zrI jJAnasundara mahArAja ne upaladeva ko paramAra nahIM, sUryavaMzI mAnA hai| ___ 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra uppaladeva ne vi.sa. 400 varSa pUrva osiyAM basAI aura bhAToM ke anusAra upaladeva ne vi.sa. 222 meM osiyAM basAI / yaha sahI hai ki yadi upaladeva ko paramAra mAne to na to vaha vi. 400 varSa yA na vi.sa. 222 varSa meM osiyA basA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa samaya paramAroM kI utpatti hI nahIM huI thii| ___ bhaMsAlI jI kI mAnyatA hai ki 'tIsarA mata itihAsakAroM kA hai, jo itihAsa ke tathyoM tathA paramAra vaMza ke upalabdha zilAlekhoM para AdhArita hai| mAravAr3a ke paramAroM kI zrRMkhalAbaddha vaMzAvaliyAM upaladeva se milatI hai| paramAroM kA mUla sthAna AbU thaa| yahA~ se hI ye loga alaga alaga phaile / gujarAta, mAravAr3a, AbU, bhInamAla Adi kaI pradezoM para paramAroM kA adhikAra rahA / ina paramAroM ke kaI zilAlekha jodhapura saMbhAga ke jAlaura, bhaDUMda, kirADU, diyANA aura AbU meM mile haiN| paramAra kRSNarAja ke se 1113 vi.sa. aura vi.sa. 1123 ke do zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kRSNarAja ke pitA kA nAma dhaMdhuka thaa| yaha dhaMdhuka AbU kA rAjA thaa| isake pUrNapAla aura kRSNarAja do putra the| saMvat 1098 ke basantagar3ha aura saM. 1102 ke bhADUMda ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki pUrNapAla aura pitA kI gaddI para baiThA aura kRSNarAja bhInamAla kA rAjA huaa| paramAroM ke sambandha meM diyANA grAma ke jaina maMdiroM meM paramAroM kA vi.sa. 1024 kA sabase purAnA abhilekha milA hai| isake anusAra kRSNarAja ke zAsana meM vIraprabhu kI mUrti pratiSThita karane kA vivaraNa hai| yaha zilAlekha kRSNarAja paramAra kA samaya nizcita karane meM bar3A sahAyaka siddha huA hai| yaha kRSNarAja paramAra uppaladeva kA pautra thaa| isa prakAra uppaladeva aura kRSNarAja ke bIca do pIDhI hotI hai| isa do pIDhI kA samaya sAmAnyata: 50 varSa kA hotA hai| isa prakAra uppaladeva kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'osiyAM ke jaina maMdira ke saM 1013 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya 1. Arkelojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, 1908-09, 1104 2. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR4-6 3. jaina lekha saMgraha, pUrNacanda nAhara For Private and Personal Use Only

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249 vahA~ pratihAroM kA rAjya thaa|' isase siddha hotA hai ki upaladeva ne dasavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa zaraNa lI aura usane isI kAla meM osiyAM bsaaii| kyoMki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM to osiyAM meM pratihAroM kA rAjya thaa|' yaha puna: kalpanA kI ur3Ana bharate haiM, 'aisA lagatA hai ki pratihAroM se matabheda ho jAne para athavA apane pUrva rAjya AbU para puna: anukUla paristhitiyAM ho jAne para uppaladeva ne pratihAroM kA upakAra mAna kara svecchA se osiyAM chor3a do ho aura svayaM zakti prApta kara puna: apanA adhikAra jamA liyA ho|' karnala TADa ne mAnA ki navIM zatAbdI ke pUrva paramAroM kA koI bar3A rAjya nahIM thaa| ojhA jI ke anusAra paramAra dharaNIzAha ke pote uppaladeva kI mAravAr3a ke paramAroM ne dasavIM zatAbdI meM zaraNa dii| 'rAjasthAna kI jAtiyoM kI khoja' pustaka ke lekhaka ne mAnA ki vikrama saMvat 885 meM osiyAM paramAroM kA rAjya thaa| DaoN. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara kA bhI kathana hai ki paramAra uppaladeva ko paramAroM ne navIM zatAbdI meM zaraNa dii| __ uppaladeva ke astitva ko jAnane ke liye parihAroM kI utpatti para bhI vicAra kiyA jaay| bAhukake rAjA ke ghaTiyAlA meM zilAlekha mile haiM, jo vi.sa. 918 aura vi.sa. 941 ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki harizcandra brAhmaNa jo maNDora ke rAjA kA DyoDIdAra thA, usakI rAjapUta strI se rAjula putra utpanna huaa| isa rAjula ne zakti prApta kara maNDora para apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| isa rAjula se hI parihAroM kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| DrayoDIdAra kI rAjapUta strI se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye parihAra (pratihAra) khlaae| rAjala kI bArahavIM pIr3hI meM bAhuka rAjA huaa| isa prakAra 12 pIr3hI kA samaya 200-250 varSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase yaha sahaja siMddha hotA hai ki parihAroM kI utpatti AThavIM zatAbdI meM huii| ata: uppaladeva 8vIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda hI maNDora meM zaraNa lene AyA, usake pUrva nhiiN| ata: uppaladeva ne osiyAM bhI 8vIM zatAbdI yA usake bAda basAI, isake pUrva nahIM, yaha nizcita hai| ghaTiyAlA zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kukkuka maNDora kA pratihAra zAsaka thA, usane vi.sa. 918 meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| vastuta: uppaladeva paramAra nahIM thaa| anekAneka vidvAnoM aura itihAsakAroM ne osavAla jAti ke pUrva puruSa uppaladeva ko paramAra svIkAra kara na jAne kitanI ur3Ane bhara lii| ina vidvAnoM ne 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' aura bhAToM aura bhojakoM ke osavAla jAti ke pUrvapuruSa upaladeva ko itihAsa kI vaMzAvaliyoM meM DhUMDhane kI vyartha koziza kii| paramAroM kI vaMzAvalI meM uppaladeva ko DhU~Dhakara kalpanA ke raMgabhara kara kAlpanika kahAnI gar3ha lii| aise koI pramANa nahIM ki uppaladeva paramAra thaa| yaha bhI pramANita nahIM ki vaha kaba rUSTa hokara AbU se maNDora gayA, kaba maNDora ke parihAra rAjAoM se milA, kaba usane osiyAM kI sthApanA kii| isa sambandha meM koI aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| kevala paramAroM kI vaMzAvalI meM upaladeva nAma dekhakara apanI apanI dRSTi se vidvAnoM ne kAlpanika kahAnI/kahAniyA~ gar3ha lii| 1. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR7 2. rAjasthAna kI jAtiyoM kI khoja, pR.57 3. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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250 ___"upakezanagara ko basAne vAle upaladeva ko itihAsa se anabhijJa kaI vyakti paramAra kahate haiN| vastuta: ve paramAra nahIM the| bhATa bhojakoM kI daMtakathAoM ke atirikta kinhIM prAcIna graMthoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM upaladeva ko paramAra likhA nahIM milatA hai| hamAre upaladeva kA samaya vikrama se 400 varSa pUrva kA hai, usa samaya paramAroM kA astitva hI nahIM thaa| paramAroM ke Adi puruSa dhUmrarAja the| unake bAda utpaladeva nAma ke eka rAjA avazya hue, jinakA ki samaya vi.sa. kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA hai| inhIM paramAra jAti ke utpaladeva ko hamAre zrImAlanagara ke rAjavaMza meM utpanna huA sUryavaMzI utpaladeva ko eka hI samajha lenA, yaha eka akSamya bhUla hai|" upakezagaccha kI prAmANikatA aura aitihAsikatA ___ 'upakezagaccha caritra' aura 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ne hI mAnA ki kSatriya rAjA uppaladeva ne osiyAM meM osalA kara osiyAM (upakezapura, uesapura) kI sthApanA kI aura pArzvanAtha paramparA ke SaSTa AcArya ratnaprabha sUri se pratibodha lekara jaina bane aura unhIM ke anukaraNa para mahAjanavaMza kI nIMva pdd'ii|mhaajn vaMza hI kAlAMtara meM upakezavaMza/osavAla vaMza ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| aba isa bAta kI apekSA hai ki upakezagaccha kI prAmANikatA kI jAMca kI jaay| bAba paraNacaMdajI nAhara ne isakI prAmANikatA para praznacihna lagAyA hai| inake anusAra "jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~ (merA vicAra bhramapUrNa honA bhI saMbhava nahIM) prathama rAjapUtoM se jainI banAne vAle pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya zrI ratnaprabhasUri jainAcArya the| usa ghaTanA ke prathama zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI kI isa paramparA kA nAma upakezagaccha bhI na thaa| kyoMki zrI vIra nirvANa ke 980 varSa ke pazcAt bhI devarddhi kSamAzramaNa ne jisa taraha jainAgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiye the, usa samaya ke jaina siddhAntoM meM aura 'zrI kalpasUtra kI sthirAvalI' Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha nahIM hai| uparokta kAraNoM se sambhava hai ki saMvat 500 ke pazcAt aura saMvat 1000 se pUrva kisI bhI samaya upakeza yA osavAla jAti kI utpatti huI hogI aura usI samaya se upakezagaccha kA nAmakaraNa huA hogaa|" maMdiroM va mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM tathA prAcIna hastalikhita graMthoM ke adhyayana, avalokana karane ke bAda vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kisI bhI lekha yA prAcIna graMtha meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha nahIM milA aura na koI upakeza, ueza yA osavAla jAti yA isake kisI gotra kA nAma pAyA jAtA hai| osavAloM ke mUla sthAna osiyAM meM mAtra eka lekha saMvat 1259 kA hai, jisameM upakezagaccha kA ullekha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta saM 1011 kA eka prAcInatama lekha hai, jisameM kevala 'upakezIya caitya' likhA hai| isa 'upakezIya' zabda se upakezagaccha kA paryAya honAkadApi pramANita nahIM hotaa|"5 'upakezIya caitya' zabda upakezagaccha 1. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa. prathamakhaNDa.4175 2. zrI pUraNacanda nAhara, jaina lekhasaMgraha, tRtIya bhAga 3. jaina lekhasaMgraha, bhAga pahalA, lekhAMka 791 4. vahI, lekhAMka 134 5. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR17-18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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251 se hI sambandhita hai| vibhinna gacchoM ke prAcInatama zilAlekhoM meM vi.sa. 1011 kA zilAlekha sabase prAcIna hai| zrI pUrNacaMda jI nAhara ke matAnusAra "hinduoM se jainI banAne kA kArya abAdha hotA rahA aura osavaMza baDhatA gyaa| zilAlekhoM se jahA~ taka merA isa viSaya meM jJAna hai, vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kisI lekha meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke nAma ke sAtha upakezagaccha kA nAma nahIM ___ isake atirikta 'kalpasUtra kI sthirAvalI' Adi prAcInagraMthoM meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha nahIM hai| prathama pArzvanAtha svAmI kI paTTa paramparA kA nAma upakezagaccha bhI nahIM thaa| DaoN. bhaNDArakara ke anusAra osiyA basane ke kucha varSa bAda ratnaprabha nAma ke janasAdhu (yati) vahA~ Ae jo hemAcArya ke ziSya the| vaha samaya navIM zatAbdI kA thaa| ___ ajArI grAma (sirohI) se prApta vi.sa. 1194 kA eka zilAlekha hai, jo upakezagaccha kA prAcInatama lekha mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki anyAya gacchoM ke saikar3oM lekha usa samaya ke pUrva ke milate haiN| namUne ke rUpa meM kucha gacchoM ke eka eka, do do zilAlekha prastuta hai, jo upakezagaccha ke prAcInatama zilAlekha (1194) se adhika prAcIna hai| 'vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kisI bhI zilAlekha, tAmrapatra yA graMtha meM upakezagaccha kA nAmollekha na milanA, yaha siddha karatA hai ki upakezagaccha itanA prAcIna nahIM, jitanA paTTAvalIkAra ne batAyA hai| upakezagaccha ke aba taka jitane zilAlekha mile haiM, unameM adhikatara 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke bIca ke hI haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki isa gaccha kI lokapriyatA mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, sirohI Adi sthAnoM meM 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI rhii| yaha bhI dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki osiyAM meM pratibodha dekara nUtana jaina banAne vAle AcArya ratnaprabha sUri kauna the ? ve kisa gaccha ke the ? 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke anusAra upakezagaccha ratnaprabhasUri nAma ke chaha AcArya hue aura isa gaccha ke chaThe yA aMtima ratnaprabhasUri hone kA samaya paTTAvalIkAra ne pAcavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha ke anusAra vi.sa. 1420 aura vi.sa. 1462' ke abhilekhoM se siddha hai ki upakezagaccha meM 15vIM zatAbdI meM ratnaprabhasUri nAma ke AcArya bhI 1. pUrNacaMda nAhara, jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 3 kI prastAvanA 2. vahI, prastAvanA 3. Arkelojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, 1908-09, pRSTha 9 4. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR 20 5. vahI, pR21 6. bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 444 7. vahI, lekhAMka 603 For Private and Personal Use Only

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252 maujUda hai| isake atirikta anya gacchoM meM bhI ratnaprabhasUri nAma ke AcArya hue| 1. vRhadagaccha vi.sa. 1409, 1499, 1508 2. candragaccha vi.sa. 1310 3. pUrNimAgaccha 1491 vi.sa. 4. kacholIgaccha vi.sa. 1436 5. caitragaccha vi.sa. 1267 6. gudAUgaccha vi.sa. 1465, 1466, 1477, 1483 7. pippalagaccha vi.sa. 1309, 1526 8. AMcalagaccha vi.sa. 1287 9. tapAgaccha vi.sa. 14vIM zatAbdI 10. aTTAtagaccha - vi.sa. 1286 DaoN. bAlathera zubriga ke anusAra 'mujhe jainoM kI aura sabhI paTTAvaliyAM sahI pratIta hotI hai, para yaha upakezagaccha paTTAvalI sahI pratIta nahIM hotii| upakezagaccha apanA sIdhA sambandha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se jor3atA hai| upakeza gaccha caritra evaM paTTAvalI Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM isa gaccha kA sampUrNa itihAsa surakSita hai| ___ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke prathama paTTadhara zubhadatta gaNadhara, dvitIya paTTadhara haridatta sUrIzvara, tRtIya paTTadhara samudra sUrIzvara, caturtha paTTadhara kezIzramaNa (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna) hue| isa paramparA ke sabhI santa nigraMtha kahalAte the| pAMcave paTTadhara svayaMprabhasUri ke samaya unake saMgha ko vidyAdhara gaccha ke nAma se pukArA jAne lgaa| 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' aura 'upakezagaccha caritra' ke anusAra AcArya ratnaprabhu vikrama saMvat se 400 varSa pUrva upakezapura padhAre aura unhoMne mahAjana vaMza kI nIMva ddaalii| samaya ke aMtarAla se yahI mahAjana saMgha uesa, ukeza aura upakeza vaMza kahA jAne lagA aura inake guruoMko upakezagacchIya kahA jAne lgaa| hajAroM zilAlekhoM meM upakezagaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| "upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI meM pArzvanAtha ke bAda hue gaccha ke 85 paTTadharoM kA sampUrNa itihAsa surakSita hai, hAlAMki jo prAcInatama prati isa samaya upalabdha hai, usakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1 313 hai| duvidhA yaha hai ki isa gaccha ke paTTadharoM ke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti hai - jaise chaThe paTTadhara ratnaprabha sUri ke bAda 32veM paTTadhara taka yakSa sUri, kakkasUri, devasUri, siddhasUri aura ratnaprabhasUri- inhIM pAMca nAmoM kI punarAvRtti hai| tatpazcAt 85veM paTTadhara taka bIca ke nAmoM kI 1. osavAlavaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR4 2. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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punarAvRtti hai | 2 nAmoM kI punarAvRtti hinduoM ke Adi guru zaMkarAcArya kI dekhI jAtI hai| Aja taka cAroM maThAdhIzoM ko zaMkarAcArya kahA jAtA hai / 'zvetAmbara sampradAya ke kharataragaccha meM 16veM paTTadhara zrI jinacaMdrasUri itane prabhAvazAlI hue ki unake bAda hara cauthe paTTadhara kA nAma inhIM ke nAma para jinacaMdrasUri rakhA jAtA hai|" Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrI pUrNacaMda nAhara ne mAnA 'sambhava hai vikrama saMvat 500 ke pazcAt aura 1000 ke pUrva kisI samaya upakeza jAti kI utpatti huI hogI aura usI samaya upakezagaccha nAmakaraNa huA hogA | 2 253 itihAsa ke srota ke zilAlekha aura usa samaya ke lekha hI nahIM hote, kintu sAhityika bhI hote haiM / 'zilAlekhoM evaM graMthoM kI prAcInatA se tathyoM kI puSTi to kI jA sakatI hai, sAhityika sAkSyoM se puSTa itihAsa ko nakAranA ucita nahIM / ' para yadi sAhityika sAkSya svIkAra na kiye jAyaM to vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke pAtra rAma aura mahAbhArata ke kRSNa kI aitihAsikatA para praznacihna khar3A ho jaaegaa| kyA yahI prazna cihna bhagavAna pArzva aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA para nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai ? zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcAryoM, zramaNoM aura sAdhuoM kA pArzvaprema prasiddha hai| yaha to svataH siddha hai, 'kharataragaccha kI utpatti se pUrva pArzvanAtha paramparA kA upakezagaccha evaM caitya maujUda the| osavaMza ke aneka gotroM ke nirmANa kA zreya kharataragaccha ko hai| naye gotra nirmANa se hI mUla jAti kI pUrva utpatti siddha ho jAtI hai| kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM naye gotra banAkara unheM osavaMza meM sammilita kiyaa| nissaMdeha yaha jAti usa samaya prabhAvazAlI rahI hogii| samasta kharataragaccha AcArya jAti kI utpatti ke sambandha meM cupa hai| unhIM kI paramparA 19vIM sadI ke yatiyoM ne eka svara se apane graMthoM meM osavaMza aura upakezagaccha ko pArzvanAtha paramparA ke bhI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA vIrAt 70veM varSa meM utpanna svIkAra kiyA hai / '4 1. jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, prastAvanA 2. itihAsa kI amarabela osavAla, prathama khaNDa, pR39 3. vahI, pR. 124 4. vahI, pR 124-125 "osavAla kula ke aneka gotroM kI sthApanA 11vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM dvArA huii| ina cha zatAbdiyoM meM isa jAti kA bahuta vikAsa huaa| kharataragaccha meM aneka prasiddha AcArya hue| unhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| parantu ullekhanIya yaha hai ki kisI kharataragaccha AcArya ne osavAla vaMza kI utpatti kA zreya hI nahIM liyA, na hI kisI graMtha meM kisI kharatara AcArya dvArA isa vaMza kI prasthApanA kA jikra hI kiyA gyaa| yadi 1 1 vIM zatAbdI yA usase kucha pahale isa vaMza kI utpatti huI hotI to avazya hI utpatti sambandhI kathAnaka ina graMthoM meM AtA, , jabaki 11 vIM zatAbdI ke aneka zilAlekhoM meM kharatara AcAryoM kA nAma vibhinna gotroM ke sAtha utkIrNita hai| kharataragaccha hI kyoM, ztetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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254 aneka diggaja vidvAna hue| aneka bahumUlya graMthoM kA sRjana bhI huA, parantu kisI meM osavAla vaMza kI utpatti kA ullekha nahIM hai| to kyA binA utpanna hue hI 11vIM sadI se osavAla vaMza ke aneka gotroM ke bhArata ke sudUra meM phaile hue zilAlekhoM kI bADha A gaI ? jisa taraha saikar3oM zilAlekhoM meM kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ke nAma osavAla gotroM se jur3e haiM, usI taraha upakezagaccha evaM anya gacchoM ke AcArya ke nAme osavAla gotroM se jur3e milate haiN| yaha silasilA bIsavIM sadI taka niraMtara calatA rahA hai| aise hAlAta meM jaba anya kisI gaccha meM osavAla vaMza kI utpatti ke bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA to upakezagaccha ke mAnya graMthoM evaM osavAla vaMza kI utpatti sambandhI ullekhoM ko nakAranA kahA~ taka ucita hai ?! __ upakeza zabda ke sAtha osavAloM kA sambandha siddha prAya hai evaM jise sabhI itihAsajJa evaM purAtatvavettA bhI svIkAra karate haiN| jahA~ taka 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' kI prAcIna pANDulipi na milane kA prazna hai, isa saMdarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai, 'vikrama saMvat 523 meM devadhikSamAzramaNa ne Agama pustakArUr3ha kiye| isake pUrva Agama vAcanAoM meM AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| AgamoM meM prAcInatama pANDulipi Avazyaka sUtra kI vikrama saMvat 1199 kI hai| DA. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla (rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, 1977) ke anusAra prAcInatama tAr3apatrIya pANDulipi vikrama saMvat 1117 kI hai| agara vIrAt 80 ke badalI zilAlekha ko bAda de diyA jAya, jise kucha itihAsakAra prAmANika nahIM mAnate, to chaThI/sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA koI zilAlekha upalabdha nahIM hai| bAda ke likhe gaye graMthoM evaM zilAlekhoM (vikrama saMvat 530-585 yA 757827) evaM udyotana sUri kI kuvalayamAlA' (chaThI sadI) ko prAcInatama evaM prArambhika racanAeM mAnA gayA hai| ina graMthoM meM upakeza jAti kA ullekha bhI huA hai| jaina zvetAmbara matoM kA prAdurbhAva IsA pUrva dUsarIzatAbdI meM huA, yaha sabhI itihAsakAra evaM purAtatvavettA svIkAra karate haiN| kAlAMtara meM unake vibhinna gacchoM evaM gaNoM kI sthApanA huI parantu kisI bhI gaccha kA prAcInatama zilAlekha 11vIM zatAbdI ke pahale kA nahIM milatA hai, jaisA ki nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai gaccha kA nAma prAcIna zilAlekha kA samaya prApti sthAna 1. vRhadagaccha saMvat 1143 koTarA (sirohI) 2. candragaccha . saMvat 1231 jAlaura 3. nagendragaccha saMvat 1088 osiyA 4. nivRttigaccha saMvat 1469 5. koraTaka gaccha saMvat 1088 sirohI 6. upakezagaccha saMvat 1194 ajArI (sirohI) sirohI 1. itihAsa kI amarabela- osavAla, pR 124-125 2. vahI, pR 126-127 3. vahI, pR 129 For Private and Personal Use Only

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255 7. brAhmaNagaccha vi.sa. 1242 arbudAcala 8. pisapAlAcArya gaccha vi.sa. 1208 9. yazasUrigaccha vi.sa. 1242 ajamera 10. madAharAgaccha vi.sa. 1287 madArA 11. pithatagaccha vi.sa. 1208 koTarA 12. vAtapIyagaccha vi.sa. 1162 jaisalamera yaha sabhI gaccha pUrvotpanna hai| kevala prAcIna zilAlekha se inakI utpatti nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ___ 'zrI kakkasUri dvArA vikrama saMvat 1393 meM viracita isa paTTAvalI ko pAzcAtya vidvAna pro. e.epha. rUDolka hornela ne pUrNata: prAmANika mAnate hue isakI vizada carcA kI hai|| __isa prakAra upakezagaccha kI prAmANikatA aura usakI aitihAsikatA ko cunautI denA ucita nhiiN| osavaMza kA udbhava : niSkarSa osavaMza kI utpatti ke sambandha meM isa bIsavIM zatAbdI meM gaharA Alor3ana-vilor3ana huA hai| tathAkathita aitihAsika mata ke dAvedAroM ne 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' ke osavaMza ke saMsthApaka upaladeva ko bhojakoM aura bhAToM ke kucha guTakoM ke prakSipta aMza meM upaladeva ko paramAra mAnakara, paramAroM kI vaMzAvalI meM se upaladeva ko lekara kevala anumAnoM ke sahAre kalpanA kA mahala khar3A kara, use itihAsa kA jAmA pahanAne kA nirarthaka prayAsa kiyaa| kevala paramAroM kI vaMzAvalI meM upaladeva nAma dekhakara yaha kathA gar3ha lI ki uppaladeva AbU se maNDovara parihAroM kI zaraNa meM gayA, parihAroM kI kRpA se osiyAM nagarI basAI, osiyAM meM jainamata svIkAra kara osavaMza kA mUla puruSa banA aura puna: AbU meM ThIka sthiti dekhakara osiyAM parihAroM ko sauMpakara AbUkA rAja smbhaalaa| itihAsa meM ina saba ghaTanAoM kA koI pramANa nahIM hai, kintu upakezagaccha paTTAvalI' meM uppaladeva aura bhAToM bhojakoM ke AdhAra para kalpita kathA gar3ha lii| inhoMne 'kahIM kI IMTa, kahIM kA ror3A, bhAnumatI kA kanubA jor3A' kI kahAvata ko caritArtha kiyA / yaha kaisI viDambanA hai ki osavaMza ke udbhava ko itihAsa ke dharAtala para khojane meM kevala anumAnoM ke sahAre kahAnI gar3ha lii| yaha sahI hai ki itihAsa meM tathya nahIM, satya hotA hai aura satya ke liye anumAna bhI Avazyaka hai, kintu kisI tathya ke abhAva meM kevala anumAnoM se satya kI saMracanA nahIM ho sktii| ina tathAkathita aitihAsika mata ke pRSTapoSakoM ne kabhI kahA ki upaladeva ne dasavIM zatAbdI meM osiyAM kI sthApanA kI, kabhI navIM zatAbdI meM, kabhI AThavIM zatAbdI meM aura kabhI usase bhI phle| zrI bhaMsAlI jI ne mAnA ki paramAroM kA samaya 8vIM zatAbdI se 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI hai, isaliye isI kAla meM osiyAM basAI arthAt isI kAla meM osavaMza kA udbhava huaa| zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ke anusAra 'kavivara RSabhadAsa racita 'harivijaya sUri rAsa' ke 1. Indian Autiqumry Vol. 19, 1890 For Private and Personal Use Only

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256 anusAra osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA vi.sa. 510 meM ratnasUri dvArA huI / dUsare ullekha 'mahAvIra stavana' aura 'osavAla utpatti vRtAMta' ke anusAra isa ghaTanA kA samaya saMvat 1011-15 hai| inameM se mujhe 9vIM zatAbdI se 11vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI sahI samaya honA sambhava lagatA DA. lakSmImalla siMghavI ke anusAra 'osavAla jAti kI utpatti ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika rUpa se IsA pUrva pAMcavI zatAbdI kA nirNaya ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| zrI bhaMsAlI ke anusAra paTTAvalIkAra va bhAToM ne osavAloM kI utpatti evaM isa jAti ke jina 18 gotroM ke nAma usa samaya meM udbhava honA batAyA hai, vaha vizvasanIya nahIM hai| osavAloM ke 18 gotroM (mUlagotra) kI utpatti kA samaya 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda hI ho sakatA osavAla : darzana : digdarzana' kI lekhikA ne mAnA hai, 'ina saba bAtoM kI gaharAI meM jAkara kahA~ hama osavAla jAti ke astitva ko vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM to svIkAra kara sakate haiM, kintu jaba taka hameM koI Thosa pramANa nahIM mila pAtA, isa jAti ko aura adhika purAnA ghoSita karanA apane Apa ko auroM para thopane ke samAna pratIta hotA hai| isa tathAkathita aitihAsika mata kA apratyakSa khaNDana svayaM zrI bhaNDArI jI ne apane 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa' meM kara diyaa| inake anusAra 'suprasiddha itihAsajJa muMzI devI prasAda jI jodhapura ne 'rAjapUtAne kI zodha khoja' pustaka likhii| jisameM unhoMne likhA ki koTA rAjya ke aTarU nAmaka grAma meM jainamaMdira ke ekakhaNDahara meM eka mUrti ke nIce vi.sa. 508 kA bhaiMsAzAha nAma kA eka zilAlekha milatA hai| yadi vaha bhaiMsAzAha aura jainadharma ke andara prasiddhi prApta AdityanAga gotra ko bhaiMsAzAha eka hI ho to isakA samaya vi.sa. 508 nizcita karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii|' isake atiriktaeka aura pramANa hai| isake anusAra, 'zveta hUNa ke viSaya meM itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki zveta hUNa toramANa vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM marusthala kI tarapha aayaa| usane bhInamAla ko hastagata kara apanI rAjadhAnI vahA~ sthApita kii| jainAcArya harigupta sUri ne usa toramANa ko dharmopadeza dekara jainadharma kA anuyAyI bnaayaa| jisake pariNAma svarUpa toramANa ne bhInamAla meM bar3A vizAla maMdira bnvaayaa| isa toramANa kA putra mihirakula jainadharma kA kaTTara virodhI zaiva dharmopAsaka huaa| usake hAtha meM rAjataMtra ke Ate hI jainiyoM para bhayaMkara atyAcAra hone lge| jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jainI logoM ko deza chor3akara lATa gujarAta kI ora bhAganA pdd'aa| ina bhAgane vAloM meM upakeza jAti ke vyApArI bhI the| ata: isase bhI patA calatA hai ki usa samaya upakeza jAti maujUda thii|' 1. osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR13 2. vahI, pR13 3. vahIM, 114 4. osavAla-darzana: digdarzana, pR44 5. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, 917 6. vahI, pR17-18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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257 uparokta pramANoM se patA calatA hai ki vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI taka ko isa jAti kI utpatti kI khoja meM kisI prakAra khIMcatAnI se pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, magara usake pUrva koI bhI pramANa hameM nahIM milatA, jisameM osavAla jAti, upakezajAti yA ukeza jAti kA nAma AtA ho| chaThI zatAbdI meM osavaMza kA udbhava mAnA jAya, to upaladeva ko paramAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / osavaMza kA pUrvapuruSa utpaladeva paramAra utpalarAja nahIM hai| isa prakAra chaThI zatAbdI ko svIkAra karane para osavaMza ke astitva ko svIkAra kara kara dasavIM zatAbdI meM jAti kI utpatti svIkAra karane para svata: hI eka prazna cihna laga jAtA 'himavaMta sthirAvalI' ke anusAra AgamoM kI dvitIya mAthurI vAcanA ke anusAra Arya skindilAcArya vIra nirvANasaMvat 823 se 840 ke AsapAsa AcArya niyukta hue| Arya skandila sUri ne uttara bhArata ke muniyoM ko mathurA meM ekatrita kara Agama vAcanA saMvata (357-360) kii| usa samaya mathurA nivAsI osavaMzIya polAka ne gaMdhahastI ke vivaraNa sahita una sUtroM ko tAr3apatroM para likhAkara muniyoM ko pradAna kiyaa| ata: samaya 357-360 ke madhya osavaMza kA astitva vidyamAna thaa| zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ne osavaMza kI sthApanA ke samaya sambandhI mahatvapUrNa ullekha meM likhA hai, "abhI taka 'upakezagaccha paTTAvalI', 'upakezagaccha prabandha' Adi ke ullekhoM ke anusAra vIra bhagavAna ke 70 varSa bAda osavaMza kI sthApanA honA mAnA jAtA rahA hai, para merI zodha se isa samaya se bhinna samaya ko sUcita karane vAle tIna ullekha prakAza meM Ae haiN| jinameM se pahale kavivara RSabhadAsa racita 'harivijaya sUri rAsa' ke anusAra osavAla vaMza kI sthApanA saMvat 510 meM ratnaprabhasUri dvArA huI / isake ullekha meM osiyA ke 'mahAvIra stavana' aura 'osavAla utpatti vRtAMta' ke anusAra isa ghaTanA kA samaya saMvat 1011-15 hai| tIsare ullekha meM pAMca pATa rAsa' kA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai| inameM mujhe 9vIM se 11vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI sahI samaya honA sambhava lagatA hai|" prasiddha itihAsakAra TADa kA kathana hai kikheranArA jAti ke loga sahastroM kI saMkhyA meM osIgrAma meM base / osI grAma ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa ye osavAla khlaae|osii grAma aba osiyA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, pR 17-18 2. himavaMta sthirAvalI, zloka 33 mathurA nivAsikA zramaNopAsaka vareNa osavaMzi, bhUSaNena polAkAbhidhena tAsakalamaNi pravaMcana, gaMdhahastikRta vivaraNopetaM tAlapatrAdiSu, lekhayitvA bhikSubhyA svAdhyAyArya: smrpitm| 3. amaracaMda nAhaTA, zramaNa mAsika, agasta, 1952 4. karnala TADa, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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258 prasiddha itihAsavettA muni kalyANa vijaya jI ke anusAra, 'saMseniyana rAjA ardazira ne bhArata para car3hAI karake sindhu taka ke pradezoM para adhikAra kiyA thaa| sambhava hai isa saMseniyana jAti ke bhArata para AkramaNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa takSazilA kA nAza huA ho aura vahA~ ke jaina loga usa yuddha lIlA se paMjAba kI ora A gae hoN| mere vicAra se osavAla jAti takSazilAAdi pazcima ke nagaroM se nikale jaina saMgha se nikalI ho|' 'hUNa toramANa kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI kA hai, jaba hUNa toramANa ne bhInamAla ko apane adhikAra meM kara liyA thaa| ata: ho sakatA hai chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hUNoM ke atyAcAroM ke bAda hI ye loga bhaTakate bhaTakate osI grAma meM base hoN| __isa managaDhaMta aura tathAkathita aitihAsika mata ke viruddha yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadrasUri racita 'samarAicya kahA' graMtha ke anusAra usa samaya uezanagara kA astitva thaa| isa graMtha meM likhA hai ki ueza nagara ke loga brAhmaNoM ke kara se mukta the| unake guru brAhmaNa nahIM the| basa yahIeka prAcInatama pramANa hai jo isa jAti kA astitva vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI taka khIMcatAna kara pahuMcAtA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri kA samaya saM 757 se 857 arthAt AThavIM aura navIM zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| 'samarAicca kahA' meM jo zloka AyA hai, vaha nimnAnusAra hai tasmAt upakezajJAti nAma guravo brAhmaNa: nhiiN| uesanagaraM sarva kara RNa samRddhi mat // sarvathA sarva nirmukta muesA nagaraM param / tatpramRti sajAtiviti loka pravINam // zrI bhaNDArI ne haribhadrasUri kA samaya saMvat 530 se 585 ke bIca mAnA jAtA thA, para aba jaina sAhitya ke prasiddha vidvAna isa samaya ko saMvat 757 se saMvat 857 ke bIca mAnA hai| yadi isa mata ko svIkAra kara liyA jAya to saMvat 757 ke samaya ueza jAti aura ueza nagara bahuta samRddhi para the aura mAnanA bhI anucita na hogA ki isa samRddhi ko prApta karane meM kama se kama 200 varSoM kA samaya avazya lagA hogaa| isa hisAba se isa jAti kI daur3a vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| isa mata se bhaNDArI jI ne osavAla vaMza ke saMsthApaka utpaladeva utpalarAja ko paramAra mAnane se apratyakSa rUpa se asahamati jatA dI hai, kyoMki usa samaya paramAroM kA astitva hI nahIM thaa| eka zilAlekha saMvat 1587 kA zatrujaya tIrtha para AdIzvara ke maMdira meM hai - itazca gopAhva girau gariSTa zrI bappa bhaTTI pratibodhitazca / zrI AmarAjo'jati tasya pali kAcitva bhUvavyavahArI putrii|| tatkukSijAtAH kila rAjakoTA zArAhva gautre sukRtaika paatre| zrI osavaMza vizadi vizAle tasyAnvaye'zripuruSa prasiddha / 1. muni kalyANa vijaya, prabhAkara caritra prabandha paryAyalocana For Private and Personal Use Only

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259 isake anusAra bappabhaTTa sUri ne kannoja ke AmarAjA (nAgabhaTTa par3ihAra) ko pratibodha dekara jainI bnaayaa| usa rAjA ke eka rAnI vaNika putrI thii| isase hone vAlI saMtAnoM ko ina AcArya ne osavaMza meM milA diyA, jinakA gotra rAjakoSThAgAra huaa| prasiddha itihAsakAra sva. muMzI devIprasAda ke rAjapUtAne kI zodhakhoja' ke anusAra koTA rAjya ke aTarU nAma grAma meM jaina maMdira meM eka khaNDahara meM eka mUrti ke nIce vikrama saMvat 508 kI hai, jisameM bhaiMsAzAha ke nAma kA ullekha hai| yadi yaha bhaiMsAzAha aura jainamata ke andara prasiddhi prApta AdityanAga gotra kA bhaiMsAzAha eka hI hai, to isakA samaya vi.sa. 508 kA nizcita karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| aMta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki aba osiyA kI prAcInatA siddha ho cukI hai isaliye abhilekhI pramANoM kA moha tyAgakara sAhityika sAkSya ke AdhAra yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 70 meM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke SaSTa paTTadhara ratnapabhasUri se pratibodha pAkara aneka kSatriya (18 gotra- rAjapUta nahIM) mahAjana bne| mahAjanoM ke rUpa meM osavaMzakA bIjAropaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra yuga meM unake nirvANa ke 70 varSa pazcAt (vikrama pUrva 400 meM) huA, kintu vikrama saMvat 222 meM osavaMza kA nAmakaraNa huaa| jainamata ke itihAsa meM saMghabheda ke bIja par3ane ke sAtha mahAjana vaMza ke rUpa meM osavaMza kA bIjAropaNa huA aura jaba mAthurI vAcanA meM saMghabheda sthAyI ho gayA, usake samAnAntara osiyA ke mahAjana anya grAmoM aura nagaroM meM osiyA nivAsI hone ke kAraNa osavaMzI khlaae| osavaMza ke udbhava ko lekara kitanA piSTapeSaNa aura carvita carvaNa huA hai, isaliye AvaraNa ko vidIrNa kara satya kA sAkSAtkAra Avazyaka hai| diggaja itihAsakAroM ne osavaMza ke mUla puruSa aura paramAroM ke rAjA utpalarAja ko eka mAnakara eka kAlpanika mahala khar3A kara diyaa| binA kisI tathyAtmaka AdhAra ke kevala nAma sAmya dekhakara kalpanA kI U~cI ur3Ana bharanA, kisI bhI sthiti meM zreyaskara nhiiN| yaha sahI hai ki kisI jAti kI prAcInatA gaurava kI bAta nahIM, kintu kisI jAti kA gaurava usake vikAsa aura utkarSa meM hai| osavaMza zvetAmbara paramparA kI jaina jAtiyoM meM agragaNya hai, isaliye zvetAmbara paramparA aura osavaMzIya paramparA ko samAnAntara rUpa se dekhakara hI isake udbhava ke prazna ko hala kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise gaMgA gaumukha se nikalI aura phira kitanI hI nadiyAM usameM samAtI gaI aura isa taraha kAlAMtara meM eka vizAla nadI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, usI prakAra osavaMza kA udgama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt vIra saMvat 70 meM (vikrama pUrva 400 varSa meM) huA aura phira dhIre dhIre kitanI hI jAtiyAM apanA dharmAMtaraNa/rUpAtaMraNa kara isa osavaMza rUpI srotasvinI meM samAtI gii| 1. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa, 17 2. vahI, pR17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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260 caturtha adhyAya osavaMza ke udbhUta gotra : pUrva jAtiyAM gotra bhAratIya jana jIvana meM gotra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| gotra kA vyutpattiparaka artha hai'gUyate zabdyate iti gotram'- jo kahA gayA hai| ___ mAnava samAja meM nAma kA vizeSa mahatva hai| dhIre dhIre sAmAjika sambandhoM aura rItirivAjoM meM bhI isane sthAna prApta kara liyaa| jaina sAhitya meM gotra kI vyAkhyA vaMza paramparA ke AdhAra para kI jAne lgii| vaidika sAhitya ke anusAra prArambha meM aise ATha RSi hae. jo gotra kartA mAne jAte haiM / ye ATha RSi haiM- jamadagni, bharadvAja, vizvAmitra, atri, gautama, vaziSTha, kAzyapa aura agastya / jamadagnirbharadvAjo vizvAmitratrAtri gautamaH / vaziSThaH kazyapo'gastyo munayo gotra kAraNam // brAhmaNa paramparA meM ye maMtradRza RSi hue haiM aura inhIM se gotra paramparA calI hai| sAdhAraNata: brAhmaNa paramparA meM gotra rakta paramparA kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma meM gotra kA vicAra prANI kI AbhyaMtara vRtti kI dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra vyakti kI AbhyaMtara vRtti ke sAtha isakA sambandha hone ke kAraNa vaha guNa nAma hai|' mohanIya karma ke samAna gotra ko AtmA meM nibaddha kahA hai| kula, gotra, vaMza, santAna - ye ekArthavAcI nAma haiN| gotra kI vyAkhyA meM kucha vyAkhyA paryAyaparaka hai, kucha vyAkhyAeM AcAramUlaka hai aura kucha vyAkhyAeM kula, vaMza yA santAnaparaka haiN| 'padmapurANa' meM kahA gayA hai ki koI jAti garhita nahIM hotii| vAstava meM guNa kalyANa ke kAraNa hote haiM, kyoMki jinedradeva vratoM meM sthita cANDAla ko bhI brAhmaNa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isa kathana se yaha patA calatA hai ki sAmAnyata: dharma meM jAti vyavasthA ko sthAna prApta nahIM hai| umAsvAmI ke tatvArthasUtra' meM kahA hai, uccainI caishc|' gotra ucca aura nIce ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| gotra do prakAra kA hai- uccagotra aura niicgotr| jisake udaya se lokapUjita kuloM meM janma hotA hai, vaha uccagotra hai aura jisake udaya 1. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacaMdra zAstrI, varNa, jAti, dharma, pR 105 2. padmapurANa 3-203 najAti garhitA kAcita guNA: klyaannkaarnnm| __vrata sthamapi cANDAlaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH // 3.umAsvAmI, tatvArthasUtra, 8-12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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261 se garhita kuloM meM janma hotA hai, vaha nIca gotra hai|' 'padmapurANa ke anusAra ayogya AcaraNa karane vAlA nIca hotA hai| anAryabhAcaran kiJcijAyate niivnorH| osavaMza ke prArambhika 18 gotra paramparAgata aura dhArmika mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra saMvat 70 meM osiyAM meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUrijI ne aneka kSatriyoM ko pratibodha dekara jainadharma meM dIkSita kara mahAjanavaMza kI nIMva rakhI aura usI samaya mahAjanavaMza ke 18 gotroM kI bhI nIMva pdd'ii| 'jaina jAti mahodaya' ke anusAra AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne upaladeva rAjA ko pratibodha diyA, usa samaya 18 gotra kI sthApanA kii| eka mata hai ki maMtrIputra kI khuzI meM sUrijI kI sevA meM 18 ratnoM kA thAla rakhA thA, tadanusAra 18 gotra hue| dUsarA mata hai ki devI ke maMdira meM pUjA karane gaye hue zrAddhavarga ke 18 gotra sthApana kiye| tIsarA mata hai ki 18 kula ne kSatriyoM ko pratibodha diye, jinase 18 gotra hue| 18 gotroM kI sthApanA eka samaya huI yA alaga alaga samaya meM huI ho, kintu itanA to nizcaya hai ki upakezapura meM ratnaprabhasUri jI ne upakezavaMza (mahAjanavaMza) kI sthApanA kara vIra saMvat 70 meM mahAvIra mUrti kI pratiSThA kara prArambha meM nimnAMkita gotra the| inake dakSiNa bAhu meM nimnAMkita gotra the. 1. tAtahar3a gotra 2. bApaNAgotra 3. karNATagotra 4. valatA gotra 5. morakSAgotra 6. kulahaTa gotra 7. vIraharapgotra 8. zrI zrImAla gotra 9. zreSThigotra dUsare ora vAmabAhu ke nimnAMkita gotra the - 1. sucaMvaMtigotra 2. AdityanAgagotra 3. bhUrigotra, 4. bhAdragotra 5. ciMcaTagotra 6. kumaTa gotra, 7. kanojiyegotra 8. DiDugotra 9. lghushresstthigotr| gotra saMkhyA osavaMza ke udbhava se lekara Aja taka aneka gotra banate gaye / dhIre dhIre inakI zAkhAoM-prazAkhAoM meM niraMtara vRddhi hotI gii| vartamAna meM osavAloM ke gotroM kI saMkhyA ThIka ThIka nahIM batAI jA sktii| yati rUpacaMdajI ke 'jainasampradAya zikSA' ke anusAra yaha saMkhyA 440 aura 'mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI' ke yati rAmalAlajI ke anusAra yaha saMkhyA 609 hai| eka 1. vahI, 8-12 (TIkA savArthasiddhi) gotraM dvividhama- uccairgotraM niicairgotrmiti| yasyayodayA llokapUjiteSu kuleSu janna taduccergotram / yahudayAd garhi teSu kuleSu janma tannI caigotrm| 2. padma purANa, 58-218 3. mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI, pR 52-53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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262 sevaga dvArA dI gaI ginatI ke AdhAra para yaha saMkhyA 1444 hai| jainoM meM 1444 kI saMkhyA ke prati vizeSa AkarSaNa aura lagAva pratIta hotA hai / AcArya haribhadra sUri dvArA sRjita graMthoM kI saMkhyA jaba hama ThIka ThIka jJAta nahIM kara sake, to hamane kaha diyA, unhoMne 1444 graMthoM kA sRjana kiyaa| raNakapura ke maMdira ke khambhoM ko bhI jaba hama ThIka ThIka nahIM gina sake to kaha diyA, ye khambhe 1444 haiN| isI taraha acalagar3ha AbU ke caumukha dhAtu kI pratimAeM jo saMkhyA meM 12 haiM, unakA vajana bhI 1444 hI mAna liyA gyaa| ThIka isI taraha osavAla vaMza ke gotroM kI saMkhyA jaba hama ThIka se nahIM gina pAe to kaha diyA ki yaha 1444 haiN|' _ 'upakezagaccha caritra' ke anusAra udbhava ke samaya 18 gotra mAne aura utpanna gotroM kI saMkhyA 498 mAnI hai| osavAla vaMza ke gotroM kI saMkhyA kI vRddhi vaTavRkSa kI taraha hotI gii| 'upakezagacchAcArya aura anya gaccha ke AcAryoM ne rAjapUtoM ko pratibodha de jaina jAtiyoM meM milAte gaye arthAta vikrama pUrva 400 varSa se lekara vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI taka jainAcArya osavAla banAte hI gaye, osavAla kI jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA vizAla hone ke kAraNa yaha huA ki kitane ke to vyApAra karane se, kitane eka grAma ke nAma se, anya grAma jAne se pUrvagrAma ke nAma se, kitane ke pUrvajoM ne dezasevA, dharmasevA yA bar3e bar3e kArya karane se aura kitanoM ke haMsI, ThaThA, maskarI se upanAma par3ate par3ate, ve jAti ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gye| eka yAcaka ne osavAloM kI jAtiyoM kI ginatI karanI prArambha kI, jisameM use 1444 gotroM ke nAma mile| bAda meM usakI aurata ne pUchA hamAre yajamAna kA gotra ApakI ginatI meM AyA hai yA nahIM ? yAcaka ne pUchA ki unakA kyA gotra hai ? aurata ne kahA, 'DosI,' yAcaka ne dekhA to yaha ginatI meM nahIM AyA, taba usane kahA ki "DosI to aura bahuta se hotii| osavAla jAti eka ratnAgAra hai, isakI ginatI honA muzkila hai| paTTAvaliyoM aura vaMzAvaliyoM ke atirikta ina gotroM ke pramANa kA aura koI paricaya Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, isaliye paTTAvaliyoM aura vaMzAvaliyoM meM upalabdha sAmagrI ko hI pramANa svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| osavAloM kI akArAdi krama se do sUciyAM upalabdha haiprathama sUcI- baMdhusaMdeza, mAsika patrikA kii|' dvitIya sUcI- 'itihAsa kI amarabela- osavAla kI'' donoM sUciyAM yathAvat prastuta hai| donoM sUciyA~ kisa sImA taka pUrNa hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| prathama sUcI- 'osavAla darzana : digdarzana' kI saMzodhita sUcI osavAla jAti kI 1. osavAla vaMza : anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM, pR. 71 2. muni jJAnasuMdara jI, zrI jaina jAti mahodaya, pR.59-60 3. baMdhu saMdeza (mAsika patrikA) 4.zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtoDiyA, itihAsa kI amarabela, prathama khaNDa, pR191-214 For Private and Personal Use Only

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263 mAsika patrikA 'baMdhusaMdeza' meM prakAzita huI thI, use yathAvat prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| gotrasUcI- prathama akolyA, aghorA, aghoDA, acala, achaDa, achUpattA, achoiyA, ajamerA, ajImagaMjiyA, aTakaliyA, anavidha-pArakha, avaDa, abvANI, abhaDa, amarANI, amarAvata, amI, araNodA, alaMkaDA, asuma, asociyA / AIcaNAMga, AkatarA, AkAzamArgI, AkodaDiyA, AkoliyA, AkhA, AgamiyA, AgariyA, AdhAriyA, AcchA, ADapAyata, AthA, AthAgota, Aditya, AdityanAga, AdheriyA, AbeDA, AmaDa, AmaDarahA, AbhANI, AbhU, AmarDa, AmaNI, Amadeva, AmU, AyariyA, AyAriyA-lUNAvata, Arya, Alajhau, AlAvata, AlIjhA, AvagotA, AbaDa, AstevAla, AsapurA, AsarANI, AsAr3hiyA, AsANI, AsI / iTIDakA, iToliyA, ilAdiyA, ilaDiyA, isarANI, IMda, IMdANI / uesa, ukeza, ucitavAla, ujota, uTaDA, uDaka, utakaNTha, udAvata, udecA, unakaNTha, upakeza, ura, udAvata, usatavAla, usabha, UnavAla, UraNa / okaza, oDIcA, oparecA, oraDiyA, obarecA ostavAla, osatavAlA, osavAlA, ohaDa / aMcala, aMbhaDa, A~cala, aaNcliyaa| kaDaka, kakkA, kakkaDa, kakarecA, kagarA, kacchI, kacchI-nAgaDA, kacarA, kacharA, kachAvA, kachavAhA, kachIlA, kAjalota, kajArA, kaTa, kaTakathalA, kaTakathalA- desAI, kaTArA, kaTalecA, kaTArI, kaTAriyA, kaTI, kaMToliyA, kaTha, kaThauDa, kaThaphoDa, kaThArA, kaThAla, kaThiyAra, kaThoDa, kaThotiyA, kaThoriyA, kaDhiyA, kaDe, kaNora, katakapurA, kadamAliyA, kanaka, kanhUDA, kanyakuMja, kaniyA, kaniyAra, kanojA, kanADA, kannaijiyA, kapAiyA, kapUriyA, kamala, kameDI, karacU, karakaTa, karaNA, karNATa, karaNANI, karaNArI, karanAvaTa (karNAvaTa), karanelA, karamadiyA, karamota, karayu, kaTareDI, karavA, karahaDI, karaheDI, kareliyA, karoDiyA, kalavANA, kalarohI, kaliyA, kavADa, kavADiyA, kastUriyA, kasANa, kasArA, kasUMbhA, kahA / kADa, kAkarecA, kAkaliyA, kAkecA, kAga, kAgaDA, kAchavA, kAjala, kAjaliyA, kAjANI, kATI, kATheDa, kAThelavADa, kADa, kADaka, kAtyA, kAtela, kAtelA, kAtarelA, kAnarelA, kAnalota, kAnUMgA, kAnUnago, kAnnelA kAnhauDA, kApaDa, kApaDA, kApaDiyA, kApUrIta, kAbA, kAbiyA, kAbeDigA, kAmadAra, kAmANI, kAyANI, kArapUDiyA, kAlya, kAlA, kAveDiyA, kAlA paramAra, kAvaDiyA, kAvasA, kAviyA kAsTiyA, kAsatavAla, kAzyapa (kazyapa), kaatrelaa| For Private and Personal Use Only kImatI, kirADa, kiraNATa, kiraNAla, kIliyA, kilolA, kistUriyA, kIDecA / kUkaDa, kugaciyA, kuceriyA, kucoriyA, kuchAla, kuNana, kuNAvata, kudAla, kubaDiyA, kuberiyA, kubuddhi, kubhaTa, kummaTa, kumbhA, kummaja, kurkaTa, kumakuma, kurakuciyA, kuMrA, kulaguru,

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264 kuladharA, kulabhANA, kulavaTa, kulavaMta, kulahaTa, kulahaNA, kusalota, kuhADa (kuvADa), kukaDA, kUmaDa, kUmaTha, kUmaDha, kuuhdd| keDa, kedAra, kerANI, kela, kelavAla, kelADI, kesariyA, kesavANecA, kehddaa| kokaDA, kokaliyAM, kocara, kocara-mUthA, koceTA, koTa, koTaDiyA, koTAriyA, koTArI, koTI, koTIkA, koTekacA, koThariyA, koThArI, koThArI-mehatA, koThiyA, koThIphoDA, koThecA, koNecA, kobara kobeDA, korANI, kolyA, kolara, kolaDa, kolAMga, kolorA, kovaDA, kosehiyA, kohecA, kosiyA, kaMkara, kaMkAliyA, kaMca, kaMjala, kAnyakubja kAMka, kAMkaliyA, kAMkariyA, kaaNkrecaa| kAMga, kAMgarecA, kAMgaliyA, kAMgasiyA, kAMcaliyA, kAMciyA, kAMThiyA, kATheDa, kAMdhAla, kAMvabhA (kAmasA), kaaNsttiyaa| kAMhUDA, kIMcA, kuMkuma, kuMkuma-copaDA, kuMkUrIla, kuMjAvata, kuMDa, kuMDaliyA, kuMDAliyA, kuMdaNa, kuMpaDa, kuMpAvata, kuMbhAriyA, kuMvarade, kyAvara / khagANI, khaDa-bhaNDArI, khaDa-bhaMsAlI, khaDabaDa, khaDiyA, khajAMcI, khaTabala, khaTahaDa, khaTeDa, khaToDa, khaTola, khapATiyA, khamasarA, khamesarA, kharadharA, kharahatha, khare, khareDa, khvaadd| khAToDa, khAnyA, khAbiyA,khAbhaIyA, khAbaDiyA, khAraDa, khArA, khAriyA, khArIvAla, khaaredd| khilacI, khimApAdiyA, khIMcA, khIciyA,khIMcI, khImasarA (khivasarA), khImasiri, khImasI, khImANadiyA, khiiyaa| khuDadhA, khumANA, khUtaDA (khUthaDA), khUmANa, khecA, kheDiyA, kheDecA, khetarapAla, khetalANI,kheMtasI, khemAnandI, khemAsariyA, khemAhAsiyA, kheravAla, khoDiyA, khokharA, khokhA, khopara, khaDiyA, khivsraa| gagoliyA, gaDiyA, gajA, gaTAgaTa, gaTTA, gaTiyA, gaTiyAlA, gaDavANI, gaNadhara, gaNadhara-copaDA, gada, gaddeyA, gadhaiyA, gaddadiyA, gadIyA, gannA, grathaliyA, gara, garuDa, gallANI, galuMDaka, galUMDiyA, gahalota gAgA, gAgANI, gADiyA, gAdiyA, gAya, galahA, gAvaDiyA, giDiyA, giNA, giramera, giriyaa| gujarANI, gujarAtI, guNapAlANI, guNahaMDiyA, guNiyA, gunecA, gulaguliyA, guvAla, gugaliyA, gujariyA, gUjaragottA, gUjara nAgaDA, guuddliyaa| gemAvata, gerA, gelANI, gevariyA, gelaDA, gehlot| gokaDa, gokharu, gogaDa, gogarI, gogaliyA, gogeDa, goDAvata, goDavADiyA, goTAvata, For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra gUMgaliyA / www.kobatirth.org 265 goTecA, goDhA, goDhI, gotama, gotamagotA, gotANI, godharA, godAvata, godibA, godha, gopa, gopAvata, gomAvata, gorA, gorAvata, gorIsAla, gorecA, goliyA, golecchA, golachA, golabacchA, govariyA, gosala, gosalANI, gosaliyA, gohilANa, gauDa / ghagheravAla, ghaTTA, gharavelA / ghIyA, ghIvAla / gaMga, gaMgavAla, gaMdhiyA, gaMdhI, gAMgaliyA, gAMdhI, gAMcI, gIgA gUMgalecA, gUMdecA, ghulla, ghuliyA, gheriyA / ghevariyA, ghokhA, ghoDAvata, ghoravADa, ghoSa / ghaMghavAla, ghaMTeliyA, ghAMgharola, ghAMghArI, ghoMsala / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir catakariyA, catara, catura, caturamUthA, catura-mehatA, capaDA, caparota, capalAvata, capalota, cama, camakiyA, camaniyA, caraDa, caraveDiyA, catha, cavaherA, cahuANa / cAcIgANI, cApaDa, cApaDA, cAmaDa, cAla, cAvA / cir3acir3a, citAliyA, cittauDA, citoDiyA, cipaDA, citravAla, cIcaMDA, cIcaMTa, cIla, cIla mehatA, cIliyA / cukhaMDa, cUdAliyA, cuttara, cutra / cenAvata, celAvata / cokkhA, cokheDiyA, coDhU, cothANI, copaDA (caupaDA), coraDiyA, corabeDiyA, cIlU, cIvaTiyA, cosariyA, cohAna (cauhAna), caukhA, caudharI, cauMmolA, cauhAnA, cauharanA / caMcala, caMDAliyA, caMDAlecA, caMdrAvata, campa, cAmpaDa, cIMcaTa (cIMcaDa), cImpaDa, cIMpaDA, cIMpaTa, cuMkhaNDa, cuMgA, cuMdoliyA / chakalasoyA, chachohA, chajalANI, chattIsA, chappaniyA, challANI, chatravAla, chatrI, chatariyA / chAgA, chAchA, chADota, chADoriyA, chAjahaDa, chAjahaDa - kajalota, chAjeDa, chAparavAla, chApariyA, chAliyA, chAva, chAvata / chIliyA / cheDa, cheva, chedavAla, chera, chevaTiyA, chaila, chogAlA, choriyA, choliyA, chohayA, chohariyA, chohayA / chAMTA, chiMgANI / For Private and Personal Use Only

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266 jakha, jaga, jagaDU, jagAvata, jaDiyA, jaDiyA-telavANI, jaDUM, jaNakAriyA, jaNiyA, jadiyA, jannANI, janArAta, jamaghoTA, jaragaja, jala, jalAvata, jalavANI, javiyA, jaberI, jassANI, jaserA, jkssgotaa| jAIla, jAIvAla, jAgA, jAgaDA, jATA, jANecA, jADecA, jAtaDiyA, jAdava, jAbaka, jAbaliyA, jAmaDA, jAraDA, jAroDiyA, jArolI, jAlANI, jAlokhA, jAlota, jAlorA, jAlorI, jAvaka, jAvaliyA, jAsala, jaahdd| jinnANI, jIjANI, jIta, jItota, jImaNiyA, jIrAvata, jiiraavlaa| jugaliyA, jubarDA, juSTAta, juSTala, juuniivaal| jelamI, jenAvata, jesagANI, jaina, jainAvata / jokhalA, jogaDA, jogaDecA, joganI, joganerA, jogapocA, jogiyA, joDiyA, jogANI joghaDa, jodha, jodhAvata, jodhapurA, joraMDA, johA, jauharI / jaMDa, jAMgaDa, jAMgaDa-siMdhI, jAMgaDA, jA~gI, aMjI, jAMtaliyA, jAMbaDa, jiMda, jiMdANI (jinnANI), jhuMjADA, gNjaannaa| jhagaDAvata, jhabaka, jhaverI, jhlorii| jhAkuliyA, jhAgaDa, jhADacUra, jhAbaka, jhAmaDa, jhAlAI, jhaaboNnnii| jhottaa| jhaMDa, jhaMbaka, jhAMbaDa, jhAMbANI, jhAMvAvata, jhaavNrpaal| TakuliyA, Tapa, TahuliyA, TAgI, TATiyA, ttaapriyaa| TIkAyata, TIkAro, TIbANI, ttiiliyaa| TekA, ttevaa| ToDaramalota, ToDaravAla, ttoddrvaaliyaa| TaMka, TaMca, TAMka, TA~TiyA, TiMDIvAla, TiMbANI, ttukaaliyaa| ThakI, Thakura, ThagA, tthgaannaa| ThAkarANI, ThAkUra, ThAkurA, ThAga, tthaavaa| ThIkariyA, ttholiyaa| ThaMThavAla, tthttheraa| Dapha, DaphariyA, ddhtth| DAkTara, DAkale, DAkaliyA, DAkUyAliyA, DAkUliyA, DAkUpAliyA, DAgariyA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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267 DAgarecA, DAgaliyA, DAgA, DADecA, DAbara, DAvariyA, ddaabaa| DiDUtA, DiDuyA, DiDu, DIDula, ddiidduutaa| Duka, DUgariyA, ddubriyaa| DoThA, DoDiyA, DoDiyAlecA, DoDecA, DolaNa, ddosii| DaMDa, DAMgI, DiMDuma, DUMgaravAla, DUMgarANI, DUMgariyA, DUMgarevAla, DUMgarola / Dhar3hA (ddhddh'aa)| DhAkaliyA, DhAbariyA, ddhaasriyaa| ddhilliivaal| DheDhiyA, (DheDiyA), ddheNlddiyaa| Dhora, ddhiiNk| taptabhaTa, taravecA, tallANI, talavADA, talerA, (tAlerA, tAleDA), talesarA, talovaDA, tvaah| tAkaliyA, tAteDa (tAtahaDa), tAtola, tArAvala, tAla, tAlaDa, tAlA, taaleddaa| tiraNAla, tiravekiyA, tirapaMkhiyA, tirapekiyA, tiravekiyA, tilakhANAM, tilaharA, tillANA, tilerA (tillerA), tillANI, tilorA, tihupaNA, tiivtt| tulA, tulAvata, tuhANA, tuutaa| tejapAlANI, tejANI, tejarA, tejAvata, telaDiyA, telaharA, teliyA, teliyA-boharA, teleraa| tolA, toDaravAla, tolIvAla, toDayANI, tolAvata, teliyA, tosaTiyA, tosariyA, tosliyaa| tA~Na, tuMga, tAMbI, tuMDa, tuNgaa| thaTerA, tharadAvata / thAnAvaTa, thArAvata, thAvarANI, thAhara / thiravAla, thirANI, thiraavaal| thoravAla, thoriyaa| thaMmorA, thaaNbhlecaa| daIyA, daka, darava, daTTA, daNavaTa, daphtarI, daragaDa, darageDA, daraDa, daraDI, dalAla, davarI, dassANI (dassAnI), dasANI, dasavANI, dasavANI, dazalaharA, dasorA, dhaa| dAu, dAkhA, dADa, dAMDIvAla, dANI, dAtArA, dAtevADiyA, dAdaliyA, dAnA, dAnesArA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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268 dAliyA, daasot| dillIvAla, dinANI, dIpaka, dIpaga / dugga, duggaDa (dUgaDa), duThAhA, duDiyA, dur3hAhA, dUNIvAla, dunivAla, duddhoNI, dUdavAla, dUdaveDiyA, dUdhiyA, dUdhiyA-gAMdhI, dUdheDiyA (dUdhoDiyA), dUdhAriyA, dUghoDA, dUsAja, duusaajaa| deDiyA, der3hiyA, dedharANI, depAlANI, deparA, depArA, demArA, dedANI, deyANI, derAsariyA, delaDiyA, delavADiyA, devaDa, debaDA, devarAjota, devalasakhA, desaralA, desalANI, desAI, dehaDA, dehraa| dolatANI, dosAkhA, dosii| dAMDhaDiyA, dAMtevADiyA, diiNg| dhakaTa, dhaDavAI, dhatUriyA, dhana, dhanacAra, dhanaDAyA, dhanaMtarI, dhanapAla, dhannANI, dhanArI, dhanecA, dhanejA, dhaneriyA, dhavaDiyA, dhammala, dhammANI, dhamANI, dhara, dharakaTa, dharakUTA, dharA, dharma, dharamANI, dhliipaa| dhAkaDa, dhAkaDiyA, dhADAvata, dhADIvAla (dhArIvAla), dhAdhaliyA, dhAmANI, dhADevAla, dhADecA, dhAtUriyA, dhAyA, dhArA, dhAriyA, dhArota, dhArolA, dhAvaDA, dhaavaadd| dhIyA, dhiir| dhura dhuravANI, dhulla, dhuvagotA, dhrunota, dhUpaDa, dhUpyA, dhUpiyA, ghuumaavt| dhenaDAyA, dhenAvata, dhelaannii| dhokA, dhokA dhokhA, dhokhiyA, dhola, dhopyaa| dhaMga, dhaMdhalA, dhA~gI, dhIMga, dhIMgA, dhIMgaDa, cUMdhiyA, dhUpiyAdhola / nakIyANI, nakkhA, nakhata, nakharA, nakhA, narakhItreta, naga, nagagotA, nathAvata, nandaka, nandAvata, nanagANI, napAvaliyA, naravarA (naruvariyA), nahasiMdhA (narasiMhA), narAyaNa, nalabAyA, naliyA, navakuddAla, navalakhA (naulakhA), navaba, nakSatra, nksstrgotaa| nAga, nAgagotra, nAgaDa, nAgaDA, nAgaNa, nAgaNA, nAgadauna, nAgapara, nAgapurA, nAgapuriyA, nAgaseThiyA, nAgara, nAgArjunANI, nAgaurI, nAcANI, nADuliyA, nADoliyA, nANA, nANAgotA, nANAvaTa, nANI, nAthAvata, nAnakANI, nAnAvaTa, nAnAvaTI, nAnecA, nApaDA, nAmANi, nAyakANI, nAraNa, nAraNavAla, nAriyA, nArelA, nAreliyA, nAroliyA, nAleriyA, nAvaTA, nAvaTI, nAvariyA, nAvasarA, nAveDA, nAveDAra, nAhausarA, nAhaTA, nAhara (nahAra), nAharalANI, nAhAra / nidhi, niboliyA, nirakhI, nilaDiyA, niyANI, nisANiyA, nImANI, nIvaraDA, nIvaNiyA, nIsaTA, niisr| For Private and Personal Use Only

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neNavAla, neNasara, neNasarA, nera, nerA, nenAvaTI / noDANI, nopattA, nopAlI, nopolA, naulakhA / naMdaraka, nandAvata, nAMdecA, nAMnecA, niMbaDiyA, niMbADA, niMbaraDA, niMbaNiyA, niMbeDA, niMboliyA, niveDA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pagATiyA, pagAriyA, pagoriyA, paDagatiyA, paDAIyA, paDiyAra, paDihAra, pacanAvata, pacAyaNIca, pacIsA, pacholiyA, paTaNI ( paTanI), paTavA, paTavArI, paTavidyA, paTAvarI, paTola, paToliyA, paThANa (paThAna), padamAvata, pamAra, paraDiyA, parajA, paradhAna, paradhalA, paradhAlA, paradhAliyA, paramAra, , pallIvAla, pasalA, pahADiyA, paDa | 269 pAkA, pAcorA, pATaNI (pATanI), pATaNiyA, pATaliyA, pATota, pATotiyA, pATAMniyA, pAtAvata, pAnagaDhiyA, pAnagaDiyA, pAnota, pApaDiyA, pAmecA, prAmecA, pArakha, pArANiyA, pArasana, pAlakhiyA, pAlagotA, pAlaDecA, pAlaNapurA, pAlaNecA, pAlarecA, pAlANI, pAlAvata, pAlecA, pAvecA, pAhaNiyA / picholiyA, piragala, pItaliyA, pIthaliyA, pIthANI, pIpalA, pIpaliyA, pIpADA, pIharecA | pukArA, pugaliyA, pujArA, pujArI, puhADa, pUNa, pUnamiyA (pUnamyA~), pUnota, pUnotagodharA, pUrANI, pUrbidyA, puSkaraNA / pethaDANI, pethANI, pepasarA / pokaraNA, pokaravAla, pokharaNA, potadAra, popANI, popAvata, pAmasiyANI, pomANI, posAliyA, polaDiyA, posAlecA, posAlevA, procAlA / phAkariyA, phAla, phAlasA, phAphU / phitUriyA, phirodiyA / paMcakudAlA, paMcalor3hA, paMcavanA, paMcA, paMcAyaNecA, paMcAvata, paMcavayA, paMcANecA, paMcAyaNI, paMcorI, paMcolI, paMcolI-bAbela, paMDarIvAla, paMvAra, paMsArI, paMcA, pAMcAvata, pAMcAriyA, pAMDUgotA, pIcA, pIMpADA, pUMgaliyA, peMcA, paiMtIsA / phatahapuriyA, phalasA, phalodiyA / phUmaDA, phUlagarA, phUlaphagara, phUsalA / phokaTiyA, phophaliyA, pholiyA / For Private and Personal Use Only bakarA, bakIla, bakiyANI, baga, bagaDiyA, bagacAra, bagANI, bagalA, bagheravAla, baDagautA, vaDajAtiyA, baDabaDa, baDabhaTTA, baDalA, bar3agItA, baDaloyA, baDAlA, baDera, baDerA, baDola, baDolA, baDorA, bacchAvata, bacchasa, bajAja, baTa, baTabaTA, baDodiyA, baDhAlA, baNa,

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270 baNabhaTa, baNavaTa, baladoTA, badalor3hA, badaliyA (badAliyA), baddhar3a, baddhaNa, badhANI, baboIyA, banabaTa, banAvata, bappanAga, babbara, vavAla, babAlA, babUkiyA, babera, bayA, barakiyA, baraDa, baraNa, baraDiyA (barahaDiyA), barADa, baraDeyA, baradiyA, barapata, baramecA, brahmacA, baralecA, barasANI, barahuDiyA, barADa, barAdUpiyA, baruA, baruDiyA, varIdiyA, braddha, balA, baladevA, ballaDa, baladoba, baladoTA, balaharI, balAhArA, balAI (balAhI, balahI), baloTA, vavAla velA, basAhA, bahaDA, bahANI, baharA, bahuDa, bahUbola, bahurA, bhiiraa| bAkaramAla, bAkuliyA, bAkhoTA, bAgaDiyA, bAgaDecA (bAgarecA), bAgacAra (bAghacAra), bAgajayANI, bAgajayAsI, bAgarecA, bAgalA, bAgha, bAdhaDI, bAghamAra (bAgamAra), bAdhaNA, bAr3abhaTA, bADonA, bAtaDiyA, bAtokaDA, bAdariyA, bAdavAra (bAdavora), bAdaliyA, bAdolA, bAdhANI, bAnIgotA, bAnuNA, bAneta, bAnetA, bApaDA, bApavata, bApAvata, bApanA (bahUphaNA), bAbela, bAbI, bAmANI, bAyaragotA, bAraDecA, bArANI, bAla, bAlagotA, bAlaDa, bAlaDA, bAlatya, bAlabA, bAloTA, bAlota, bAlaha, bAlA, bAliyA, bAloTA, bAlota, bAvariyA, bAvarecA, bAvela (bAbela), bAvelA, bAhaDA, bAhaNI, bAhalA, bAhariyA, bAhabala baahuublii| bichAvata, bijAta, bidANI, bidAmiyA, binaya, binasaTa, binasara, binAyaka, bimala, biradAla, biramecA, bilasa, birahaTa, bizAla, viSApaharA, bIjalA, bIjANI, bIjAvata, bojota, bItarAgA (vItarAgA), bIra (vIra), bIrANI, bIrAbata, bIsarANI, bIsalANI, biisriyaa|| bugalA, buccA, bucANI, buTiyA, buDa, buraDa, bubakiya, buhaDa, bUjADiyA, buuliyaa| begaDa, begavANI, begANiyA, begANI (vaigANI), bechAta, betAla, betAlA, betAliyA, berAThI, beda, belA, belA-bhaNDArI, belAvata, beliyA, belIma, belahasa, bevala, behaDa, boka, bokaDA, bokaDiyA, bokaDAsA, bokariyA, bogAvata (boradhiyA), bAcANI, botthAnI, botharA, bomIcA, boraDa, boraDA, boraDiyA, borDiyA, boradiyA, boradhA, boradhiyA, borA, borANA, borANArAThoDa, boriyA, borudiyA, bArecA, borIcA, borocA, boliyA, bIsUdiyA, bohaDa, boharA, boharA-kAga, bohariyA, bohitthraa| baMkA, baMga, baMgAlA, baMdA, baMdA-mehatA, baMba (bamba), baMbha, baMboI, baMborI, baMza, baMboDA, bAMkA, bogANI, bATiyA, bAMThiyA, bAMdoliyA, bAMbaDA, bAma, baMbala, bAMvaliyAM, biMbA, bumba, baiNgaannii| ___ bhakkaDa, bhagata, bhagAliyA, bhaDakatiyA, bhaDagatiyA, bhaDagotA, bhaDamecA, bhaDAsa, bhaTTa, bhaTTArakiyA, bhaTanerA, bhaTerA, bhaTevaDA, bhaMDAsA, bhaTAvara, bhaNota, bhaNUkiyA, bhadra, bhadrA, bhadezvara, bhamarANI, bhabhAvata, bhayANa, bhayANA, bhara, bharakIyANI, bharadda, bharathANa, bharavAla, bharaha, bhalagaTa, bhalaNiyA, bhalabhalA, bhalla, bhallaDiyA, bhalA, bhavaliyA, bhsiidd| __ bhAIcaNA, bhAkhariyA, bhAgU, bhADegA, bhATiyA, bhATI, bhANada, bhANeza, bhAdaniyA, bhAdara, bhAdragotA, bhAdrA, bhAdAnI, bhAnAvata, bhAbhU, bhAbhU-pArakha, bhAmaDa, bhAmarANI, bhAyA, For Private and Personal Use Only

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271 bhArANI, bhAlA, bhAvaDA, bhAvasAra / bhinnamAlA, bhITaDiyA, bhInamAlA, bhImAvata, bhIra, bhIlamAra, bhugaDI, bhugatariyA, bhuTo, bhuNiyA, bhuraTa, bhuradA, bhuraTa, bhUtaDA, bhUtiyA, bhUteDa, bhUteDA, bhUteDiyA (bhUtoDiyA), bhUya, bhUraTa, bhUraTiyA, bhUrA, bhUrI, bhUlaDA, bhUlANI, bhUsala, bhuussnn| bhelaDA, bhelaDiyA, bhelaa| bhogara, bhojANI, bhojAvata, bhor3hA, bhopAvata, bhopAlA, bhobhaliyA, bhora, bhoraDiyA, bhola / bhaMgaliyA, bhaMDagotA, bhaMDaliyA, bhaMDasAlI, khaDa-bhaMsAlI, rAya-bhaMDasAlI, isarAbhaMsAlI, bhaMDArA, bhaNDArI, bhaDAsarA, bhaNavaTa, bhaMvarA, bhaMsAlI (bhaNasAlI), bhAMDAvata, bhAMDiyA, bhaMjhaDa, bhAMbhaTa, bhIDa, bhuMDaliyA, bhaiNsaa| __makkalavAla, makavANA, makANA, makuyANA, makhANA, magadiyA, maghAsariyA, maDiyA, macchA, macharAlA, maTTaDa, maTTA, maThA, maNaharA, maNahariyA (maNahADiyA), maNaheDA, saNiyAra, mathANA, mathAla, mathurA, madAriyA, madarecA, madAriyA, mannA, mantrI, manahAnI, mamaiyA, maraDiyA, maraDecA, maralecA, maravANI, maruvA, maruthaliyA, maroThiyA, maroThI, malaTiyA, mallA, mallArA, mallAvata, mallAvata-bA~ThiyA, malhADA, malezA, masarA, masANA, masANiyA, mahaDa, mahaNota (manota), mahatthA (mahata), mahatiyANa, maharoDa, mahAjana, mahAjaniyA, mahApAla, mahAbhadra, mahAvata, mahipAla, mahivAla, mahIrolana, maheca, mahecA, mahelA, mahotA, mhoraa| ___mAdhavANI, mAdhoriyA, mADaliyA, mADota, mANakANI, mANAvata, mAthurA, mAdarecA, mAdurA, mAdhavANI, mAgheTiyA, mAghoriyA, mAnI, mAralecA, mAru, mAlaka, mAlakaza, mAlakhA, mAlatiyA, mAlade, mAlanaisA, mAlaviyA, mAlhaNu, mAlhAjA, mAlA, mAlANI, mAlAvata, mAlU, mAlota, maahaalaannii| micakina, michelA, miThA, miNiyAra, minAgarA, minArA, miniyA, minnI, mIThaDiyA, mIThaDiyA sonI, mIThAnAgarA, mInArA, miihaa| mukIma, mukhatarapAla, mugaDiyA, muNota (muhanota), muttA, matthaDa, munnI, munnI-boharA, munahAnI, mumaDiyA, muragopAla, muragIvAta, muraDiya (maraDiyA), muradA, mulalA, musaliyA, muhaNANI, muhaNo, muhANANI, muhAlA, muhAliyA, mRhimavAla, muhiyaDa, muhilANa, mUghA, mUdA, mUdhAlA, mUmaDiyAM, mUlamerA, mulaannii| meghA, meghAlajAnI, meDatavAla, meDatiyA, metAlA, menAlA, memavAla, mera, merANa, melANI, mehamavAra, mehara, mehatA, mehU, mairaannaa| __mogarA, mogiyA, moghA, moData, moDota, moTAvata, moTANI, motiyA, motiyANa, modI, mora, morakha, moraca, moraciyA, morAkSa, mohalAnI, molAnI, mohaDA, mohanANI, mohanota, mohatA, mohabbA, mohalANI, mohinAnI, mohIvAla, mohIvAlA, mautiyANI, mNgliyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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272 maMgIvAla, maMDalIka, maMDocita, maMDociyA, maMDoMvarA, maMdiravAla, mesANiyA, mema, maMtrI, maMhorA, mAMgeta, mAMDalecA, mAMDota, mAMDotA, muMgaDiyA, muMgarola, muMDaNecA, muMhAnI, muMhiyaNa, mUhimavAla, mUMgaravAla, mUMgarecA, mUMdhaDA, meNhu| yati, yakSa, ykssgotaa| yaadv| yogaDa, yogesarA, yoddhaa| rakhavAla, raNadhIra, raNadhIrota, raNasota, raNazobhA, rattANI, rattANI-botharA, ratanagotA, ratanapurA, ratanasurA, ratanAvata, rheddaa| rAkyAna, rAkAvAla, rAkhaDiyA-boharA, rAkhecA, rAgalI, rADA, rAjagaMdhI, rAjaDA, rAjadA, rAja-boharA, rAjadhyAnA, rAjasarA, rAjANI, rAjAvata, rAjota, rAThoDa, rAThauDiyA, rAThArAThI, rANANI, rANAvata, rANota, rAtaDiyA, rAmapuriyA, rAmasenyA, rAmANI, rAmAvata, rAya rAyajAdA, rAyajAdA-bAphaNA, rAyapuriyA, rAya-bhaNDArI, rAya-bhaMsAlI, rAya surANA, rAyasonI, rAva rAvata, rAvala, raahdd| rikhaba, risANa, rIhaDa, rugvaal| ruNavAla, ruNiyA, runIvAla, rupa, rupadharA, rupAvata, rupAvara / reDa, renu, rehaDa, raidAnI, raidaasnii| roA~, roTAMgaNa, rohil| raMka, rAMkA, ruMgalecA, ruNgvaal| lakkaDa, laghu-kummaTa, laghu-khaMDelavAla, laghu-camakiyA, laghu-ciMjaTa, laghu-cUMgA, laghu-caudharI, laghu-nAhaTA, laghu-pArakha, laghu-pokaraNA, laghU-bhUraMTa, laghu-rAMkA, laghu-rAThI, laghu-samadariyA, laghu-suravA, laghu-saMghavI, laghu-sor3hatI, laghu-soDhAnI, laghu-saMcetI, laghuhiMgaDa, laghu-zreSThI, lachA, lalavANI (lalavAnI), lalAnI, lalita, lasoDa, lhriyaa| lAkhAnI, lAchI, lADavA, lADalaravA, lAmAnI, lAmbA, lAmar3a, lAlaNa, lAlana, lAlA, lAlAnI, lAlena, lAlota, lAhorA / liruNA, lIgA, lIge, liirunnaa| luTaMkaNa, luNavAla, lUNA, luNAvata, lUNiyA, lUNecA, luusdd| lerakhA, lela, lelA, levA, lehriyaa| loTA, lor3hakara, lor3hA, loDhA-rAya, lombA, lolaga, lolA, lolecA, lIsara / liMgA, lImbA, lIMbaDA, lIMbaDiyA, lUMkaDa, lUMga, lUMDA, la~baka, lUMgAvata, lUMchA, lauNkdd| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vIra / 273 vakIla, vaDera, vaDerA, vardhana, vardhamAna, varadiyA / vAgAnI, vAgajayAsI, vAghamAra, vAjiyAnI, vAnUNA / vidyAdhara, vinaya, vinAyaka, vinAyakA, vinAyakiyA, virahaTa, viSApahAra, vItarAgA, vaidya, vaidya - gA~dhI, baidya - mehatA / sthUla, syAla, syAlA, sakalecA, sakalAda, sakhada, sakhANI, sakhalA, sakhaleMcA, sakhAnI, sagarAvata, saciyA, sacoNA, saNavA, sadhyAnI, sadharA, sadharANI, saphalA, sabhadrA, samadaDiyA, samadhaDiyA, samarakhI, samudika, samudraDiyA, samUliyA, sarajAnI, sarabhelA, sarabhela, saralA, saravAlA, sarA, sarApha, sarAhA, sarupiyA, saraganI, salagaNA salaganA, salagavA, savaralA, savaliyA, savAyA, sahacetI, sahaciMtI, sahajAno, sahalota, sahasaguNA, sahasaguNA- gA~dhI, sahI sAkhecA, sAgAnI, sAgAvata, sAcA, sacAvaTa, sAcAsaMghi, sAcorA, sAcorI, sADha, sADhA, sADherAva, sAdAvata, sAghi mehatA, sAdhu, sAnI, sAraMgaNi, sAmaDA, sAmadrA, sAmara, sAmotA, sAyAnI, sAyalecA-boharA, sArupAriyA, sArupriyA, sAlIpurA, sAlecA, sAvana, sAvaNasukhA, sAvalasakhA, sAvaliyA, sAha, sAhalecA, sAhaciMtI, sAhibagotA, sAhilA, sAhalecA, sAhAvAThiyA, sAhAbotharA, sahilA, sAhulecA, sAhulA, sikhariyA, sidhADiyA, sicivAla, siNagAra, siyAra, siyAla, sirahaTa, sirohiyA, sisodiyA / sIkhariyA, sIkhA, sIkhAnI, sIgAlA, sIpa, sIpAnI, sIlarecA, sIvANI, sIsodiyA / sukhaniyA, sukhalecA, sukhA, sukhAnI, sukhiyA, sugaNiyA, sughaDa, sujantI, suMTa, suthaDa, sudevA, sugharA, sudhA, sughecA, subAjiyA, subhannA, subhAdA, suratI, surapiyA, surapAriyA, surapuriyA, surabharA, surahA, suraDiyA, surANA, surANiyA, suriyA, suvarNagirI, susAnI, susAMkhulA, kAlI, sughaDa, sUcA, sudhA, sUryA, sUra, sUrati, sUrapurA, sUramA, sUrayA, sUhA / sekhANI, sejAvata, seTha, seThiyA, seThiyA-pAvara, seThiyA vaidya, seThI, seThIpArA, seNA, semalAnI, selahota, selota, sepaDiyA, selavADiyA, sevaDiyA, sevAjI, sehajAvata / sojatavAla, sojatiyA, sojana, soThila, sor3hA, sor3hAnI, sodhila, sonagarA, sonA, sonANA, sonArA, sInAvaTa, sonAvata, sonI, sonIgarA, sonI-bAphaNA, sonIbhiMDe, sonecA, sophADiyA, sobhAvata, somaliyA, somANI, somAliyA, solaMkI (solaMkhI), sosariyA, sosalANI, sohanavADiyA, sauvaNika / For Private and Personal Use Only saMkalecA, saMkhalA, saMkhalecA, saMkhavAla, saMkhavAlecA, saMghavI, saMdhI, saMghoI, saMcetI, saMDU, seDAsiyA, saMdhI, saMbhAriyA, saMbhuAtA, saMvalA, saMvaliyA, soIyA, sAMkhyA, sAMkhalA, sAMkhalA - paramAra, sAMkhalecA, sAMgAnI, sAMcopA, sAMcorA, sAMDa, sAMDelA, sAMr3hA, sAMr3hiyA, sAMpadrAha, sAMpulA, sAMbara, sAMvaliyA, sAMbara, sAMbhariyA, sAMsalA, siMgaDa, siMghala, siMdhI, siMghavI,

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274 siMghalorA, siMghalA, siMghuDA, siMghuDA, siMdariyA, siMhAvaTa, siMhAvata, sIMdhADiyA, sIMcA, sIpANI, suMdara, suMghaDa, suMDAla, sundhA, sUMghecA, suuNddaal| zyAmasukhA (shaamsukhaa)| zAha (zAhA), shaah-chaajedd| zivA, zigAlA, shiishodiyaa| zukaniyA, zUramA, shuurvaa| zekhAvata, shetth| shauraann| haguDiyA, haThila, haThIlA, halUMDiyA, harathAla, hayDiyA, hamIra, haladiyA, harakhAvata, haragaNAnI, haraNa, harayANI, harasoTa, hastI harasota, harasorA, hrssaavt| hAkaDA, hAkA, hATiyA, hADA, hADerA, hAthAla, hApANI, hAlA, haahaa| hiyA, hiraNa, hiraNA, hirAU, hirANI, hIDAu, hIpA, hIyA, hIyA, hiiraabt| hukamiyA, huDiyA, hunA, hubbaDa, hulA, huvaa| hema, hemapurA, hemaade| haMsa, haMsA, haMsAriyA, hAMDiyA, hAMsA, hiMgaDa, hIMgala, huNddiyaa| tripaMkhI, tripekiyaa| RSabha, Rssbhgotaa| zrApa, zrAvaNa sukhaa| zrIpati, zrIpaNA, zrImAla, zrIvaMza, zrIvara, zrI shriimaal| shresstthi| gotra sUcI (dvitIya -ka) osavAla jAti ke kaccha saurASTra evaM gujarAta meM base gotroM/khApoM kI sUcI adhodUyA AbhANI kaTAriyA abharANI AlhA kapAiyA aliyANa AsarANI karaNANI Agneya isarANI karaNIyA AthA kaUDa kAMkariyA AMbaliyA kAtyAyana kAMTiyA kakA For Private and Personal Use Only

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275 kApaDiyA kAmasA kAyANI dughar3a der3hiyA depAlANI deyANI devayA kAlA devar3A caMDIsara ciMcaTa cothANI caupar3A caudharI cokher3iyA cauhAna chakalasIyA chAjer3a chuTasakhA cheDA chovaTTANI javerI jAMbar3a jAjA kAlA paramAra kAzyapa kuladhara kuparda keniyA kokaliyA koThArI korANI khetalANI khoDAyaNa khonA devANI devANadasakhA desalANI dosI gaTA jAsala gadA graMthaliyA gAgANI gAdabANA gAMdhI gAlA, gAlhA gugalIyA gelANI gokharU goThI, goSThI godar3A, godar3iyA gopAuta gosala gosalIyA gautama jAhar3a jhaverI Thakkara ThAkarANI DaharavAliyA DUMgarANI DoDiyA DoDiyAlecA r3hAsariyA r3hiyA tAtola tAlANI tejapAlANI thAvarANI dharoDa dhuriyANI nakIyANI napANI nAgar3A nAganA nAkhuyANI nAgArjunANI nAgara nAhara nIkIyANI nIsara nodrANI paDAIyA paMcAyANI pabANI paramAra parIkha, pArIkha, pArekha, pATaliyA pArasa daMDa ghaTTA dAgheliyA dAMThar3I pArAyaNa pAMcAriyA pAlaNapurA pAvecA ghalaiyA ghelANI dinnANI For Private and Personal Use Only

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276 mahuDiyA mahuDiyA gAMdhI mANakANI mAlade mAlANI mAlhU, mAlU mIThar3iyA varahaDiyA, varahuDiyA vahorA vAgar3iyA vAgar3ecA vAMchiyA vAradha vAhaNI prAmecA pIpaliyA purANI pethaDANI pethANI poma polaDIyA bakIyANI bahaMda bahula brahmazAMti bAdhANI bIsalANI buhar3a berIyA borIyA mumaNiyA viSapahAra bohar3a mUlANI meghAjalANI melANI yazodhana rAjANI rAThaur3a rANANI rANAthI rAMkA laghuzAkhA lAkhANI lAchila lAchI lAlana lAlANI lIMbar3iyA loDAIyA loDAyA lor3hA lor3hAyaNa lolar3iyA vakIyANI vaDerA var3aharA vaMzIyANa vyavahArI vIkharI vIjala vIsariyA mahetA vIsANI vRddha zAkhA zaMkha zAelA zAha zaMkhezvariyA zeDha zata vardhavAna sacIyA sadhyANI sagharANI saMghavI syAla samarasI boharA bhaNasAlI, bhAMDazAlI bhaMDArI bharakIthANI bhAdarAyaNa bhAradvAja bhuMbANI bhulANI bhUgatariyA saravaNa bhora mathAla maNiyAra maruthaliyA mahAjanI mahIrola mahetA mahotA saravANI sahasagaNA sahasraphaNA sahasraphaNAgAMdhI sAMIyA sAMDa sAcorI sAMDala For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra hariyA hariyANa hariyANI hApANI hIrANI sAMDasA sAMyANI sAhulA sAdhu sAyalecA siMghalorA zrI pallivAla zrIpAla zrImAlI zrI zrImAlI RSabha (2) gotra - sUcI ( dvitIya 'kha' ) ukta www.kobatirth.org sivANI sIyANI sugaMdhI suvarNa surANA selhota hI mAnA hai| aneka gotra aise hoM / haiM, jo kisI bar3e gotra kI akolyA zAkhA yA upazAkhA haiM / adhorA, aghor3A kAlAntara meM unhoMne apanI achar3a alaga pahacAna banA lI ataH achutA unheM bhinna gotra mAna liyA hai / achoiyA anekoM ko apane pUrva gotra kA ajamerIyA sonagirA sonI saurANakIyA hathuDIyA haragaNANI samastanAma bhI nahIM maaluum| hamArAajImagaMjiyA vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para samastasamAja itanA vRhad hai ki aba aTakalIyA osavAla gotroM kI ekavaivAhika sambandhoM ke sandarbha meM aMcala pramANika sUcI yahA~ prakAzitagotroM kA koI aucitya nahIM anavidha pArakha kI jA rahI hai jisameM kula 26 rahA / 00 gotroM ke nAma saMgrahIta haiM / aMbar3a yaha sUcI bhI pUrNaabANI, abbANI aneka gotroM ke nAma sthAna nahIM kahI jA sakatI / hoabhar3a samaya ke viparyaya se badalate rahe sakatA hai aneka gotroM ke nAma abhANI haiN| gaNanA meM unheM 'eka' gotra chUTa gaye abharANI amarAvata amI araNodA alaMjhar3A 277 asubha asociyA AIcaNAga

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278 ostavAla osatavAla osavAla, ozavAla ohar3a kauka kyAvara karkarecA kakkA AkatarA AkAzamArgI Akodar3iyA AkoliyA AkhA AgamiyA AgariyA AdhAriyA AchA, AcchA ADapAyata AthA AthAgota Aditya AdityanAga AditanAga AdheriyA A~cala A~caliyA A~calyA Aber3A Abhar3arahA Abhar3a AbhANI Avar3a AstevAla Asapura AsarANI AsADhiyA AsANI AsI iToDakA iMdA iMdANI iladiyA isarANI uesa, ukeza, Ukeza ucitavAla ujota uTar3A ur3aka utkaMTha udvAvata, UdAvata udecA unakaNTha upakeza kakkar3a kagarA kar3aka kar3Avata kar3iyA kar3e kacchI kacchI nAgar3A kacarA kachArA kachAvA kachavAhA kacholA kajalota kajArA kaTakathalA desAI kaTalecA ura AbhU ustavAla usatavAla usabha kaTArA UnavAla Amar3a AmaNI AmU Amadeva AyariyA Arya Alajhar3A AlAvata AlIjhA AvagotA UraNa okeza oDIcA, odIcA opecA oraDiyA orA ovarecA kaTArI kaTAriyA kaTI kaToliyA kaTha kaThaur3a kaThaphor3a kaThArA For Private and Personal Use Only

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279 kaThAla kaThIyAra kaThor3a kaThotiyA kaThoriyA karNAvaTa karNATa kaNora katakapurA kadAmAliyA kaMkara kaMkAliyA kAtarelA kAMka kAMkaliyA kAMkariyA kAMkarecA kAMga, kAMgarecA kAMgasiyA kAMciyA kAMTiyA kAMTheDa karanelA karamadIyA karamota karayu kararer3I karavA karahar3I, karaher3I kareliyA karoDiyA kalavANA kalarohI kaliyA kavAr3a kavAr3iyA kasturiyA kasANa kasArA kasUMbhA kahA kAu kAkarecA kAkaliyA kAga, kAgota kAgar3A kaMca kaMjala kaMThIra kaMber3I, kamer3I kanyAkubja kanaka kanIya kaniyAra kanor3A, kanhUr3A kanojA kanojIyA, kanojiyA kapAIyA kapUriyA kabAr3a kabAr3iyA kamala karakaTa, karkaTa karaNA karaNATa karaNANI kAMdhAla kAMvasA, kAmasA kA~sTiyA kAnhar3A kAnarelA kAnalota kAnU~gA, kAnUgA kAnUnagA, kAnUnago kAnnelA kApar3a kApar3iyA kApurIta kAbariyA kAbA kAbiyA kAbeDiyA kAver3iyA kAMber3iyA kAmadAra kAmANI kAyANI kAraNI kArapUMDiyA kArAjI kAchavA kAr3aka kAjala kAjaliyA kAjANI kATI kATher3a kAThelevar3A kADa kAtyA kAtela karaNArI karaNAvaTa, karNAvata For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 280 kAlyA kAlA kAlA paramAra kAvar3iyA kAvasA kAviyA kAver3iyA kAsTiyA kAsatavAla seriyA kAzyapa, kAlA kimatI kirAr3a kiraNATa kIMcA kazyapa kATecA kIlolA kastUriyA kukar3a, kukkar3a, kukkur3a kukar3a, copar3A kuciyA kucoriyA kucoriyA, kucorcA kuchAla kuNana kuNAvata kudAra, kudAla kuMkuma kuMkuma copar3A kuMkurola kuMjAvata kuMr3a kuMDaliyA, kuMDAliyA www.kobatirth.org kuMdaNa kuMpar3a kuMpAvata kuMbhAriyA kuMvarade * kubar3IyA, kubAr3iyA kuberiyA kubuddhi kubhaTA kummaTa, kumbhaTa, kumaTha kumbhA kurkaTa kurakuciyA kurA kulaguru kuladharA kulabhANA kulavaTa kulavaMta kulahaTa kulahaNA kulota kuhAr3a, kuAr3a kuvA~, kuvAr3a kukar3A kUmar3ha, kUmaTha kUhar3a ker3a kedAra rANI kela kelavAla lAr3I kesariyA kesavANecA kehar3A kA kokalIyA kocara kocarathA koceTA koTa koTar3iyA koTaliyA koTArI koTIkA koTI koTecA koThariyA koThArI koThArI mehatA koThArI copar3A koThiyA koThIphor3hA koThecA koNejA kobara kober3A koNI kolyA kolara, kolar3a kolorA cA kausIyA khagANI khar3a bhaMDArI khar3a bhaMsAlI

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281 gadIyA gaMga, gAMga gaMgavAla gaMdhiyA gaMdhI khar3abar3a khar3iyA khajAMcI khaTavar3a, khaTahar3a khaTer3a, khATer3a, khaTera khaTAr3a, khaMTer3a khaTela khaTor3a, khATor3A khaTola khaMDiyA khapATiyA khamasarA khamesarA kharadharA khIyA khur3adhA khutar3A, khuthar3A khumANA khecA kheDiyA kher3ecA khetapAliyA khetarapAla khetalANI khetasI khemAsariyA khemAnandI khemAhAsyA kheravAla khokharA khokhA khor3iyA khopara gagoliyA gar3iyA, gaDiyA gajasarA kharahattha kharer3a, kharor3a khavAr3a khAvyA, khAbiyA khAbhaIyA khAbar3iyA khArar3a khArA khAriyA khArIvAla khArer3a gannA grathalIyA gara garjA garur3a galANI galuMDaka galUMDiyA gahalota gAgA gAgANI gAMgaliyA gAMdhI, gAMdhI mehatA gAMdhI sahasaguNA gAMcI gAr3hiyA gAdiyA gAya gAlhA, gAlA gAvar3iyA giDiyA giNA giramera giriyA gIgA gujarANI gujarAtI guNapAlANI guNahaMDiyA gajA gaTTA gaTAgaTa gaTiyA gaTiyAlA khiMdAvata gaDavANI gar3havANI khilacI khIcA, khIciyA khIcI khImasarA, khIMvasarA khImasiri khImasI khImANadiyA gaNadhara gaNadhara copar3A gadA gadaiyA, gadaIyA gaddahaiyA, gadehiyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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282 ghAMdhArI ghAsAla ghiyA, ghIyA ghIvAla . dhuliyA ghemAvata guNiyA guMgalecA guMdecA, godecA, gudecA gunecA gulaguliyA guvAla gUgaliyA gUjar3iyA, gUjariyA gUjara gottA gUjara nAgar3A gUDaliyA gUMgaliyA gUMdiyA gemAvata gerA gelANI gevariyA, ghevariyA gehalar3A, gelar3A gehalota gokar3a gokharU gheriyA ghevariyA ghokhA ghoravAr3a gotama gotama gotA gotANI godharA godAvata, godhAvata godibA goMdha godha goMdhA gopa gopAuta, gopAvata gomAvata gorA gorAvata gorIsAla gorecA golIyA golecchA, golecA golachA golavachA govariyA gosA gosala gosalANI gosaliyA gohIlANa ghoMsala ghoSa catakariyA catara catura catura mUMthA catura mehatA caMcala caMDAliyA, ciMDAliyA caMdAvata candrAvata caMDAlecA capalAvata capalota caparauta campa gogaDa gaur3a gogarI gogAliyA goger3A gor3Avata gor3Avata gor3Avata gor3avAr3iyA goTAvata goTecA goThA goThI cama ghagheravAla ghaMghavAla ghaTTA ghaMTeliyA gharaghaTA gharavelA ghAMgharola camba camakIyA camanIyA carar3a caraver3iyA cavA gor3hA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra careharA cahuANa cAcigANI cAMciyA cANodiyA cApar3a cApar3a cApar3A cAmar3a cAvata cAmaNa cAla cAvA cir3acir3a citAliyA citor3A citor3iyA citravAla cIMcar3a cIcar3A cIcaMTa cIMpar3a cIMpar3A cIMpaTa cIla coliyA cukhaMDa cuMgA cudAlijA caMdoliyA cutara cutra celAvata cainAvata www.kobatirth.org cokkhA cothANI codU codharI, caudharI copar3A corar3iyA coraver3iyA colU covaTiyA cosariyA cohAna, cauhAna caumolA cauhAnA, cauhanA cauharanA chakalasIyA chachohA chajalANI chattIsA chapaniyA chalANI, chelANI challANI chatravAla chatrI chatra chatriyA chAgA chAchA chAr3oriyA chAr3o chAjer3a, chAjer3a chA~TA chAparavAla chApariyA chAliyA chAva chAvata chiMgANI chIliyA cher3A chedavAla chera . chevaTANI chaila chogAlA choliyA choriyA chohariyA chohyA jakha jaga jagaDU jagAvata jar3iyA r3iyA vANI jaDIyA jaNkArI jaNiyA jadiyA jannANI jaMDa jahU~ janArAta jammar3a, jhammar3a jAmar3a jamaghoTA jaragar3a jala jalavANI 283

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284 jiMda jauharI jiMdANI jauhA jhagar3Avata jhaMr3a jalAvata javiyA javerI, jhaverI jassANI jaserA jakSagotA jAIla jAIlavAla jAgA jATA jANecA jAjecA jAtar3iyA jAdava jA~gI jAMgar3a jAMgar3a siMghavI jAgar3A, jAMghar3A jAMjI jAMtahyA jAMbar3a jAbaka jAbaliyA jAmar3A jArar3A jAroDIyA jArolI jAlANI jolokhA jAlerA, jAlorI jAlota jAvaka jinnANI jIjANI jIta jItota jImaNIyA jIrAvata jIrAvalA jIrAvAla jugaliyA juMjAr3A jujANA junIvAla, jUnIvAla jubarDI juSTata juSTala jelamI jesagANI jaina jailAvatajokhelA jogar3a, jogar3A joganerA joganI jogaNecA jogapocA jogiyA joDyA jogANI jhaMbaka jhaberI jhalorI jhAkuliyA jhAgar3a jhAr3acUra jhAMbar3a jhAMbAvata jhAMbarapAla jhAMbaravAla jhAMbANI jhAmar3a jhAbaka jhAlAI jhoTA TakuliyA TaMka, TAMka TahuliyA TAgI TAMTiyA, TATiyA TApariyA TiMDIvAla TiMbANI TIkAyata TIkorA TIbANI TIliyA TuMkaliyA, TuMkAliyA jodhar3a jodhapurA jAsala jodhA jodhAvata joruDA jAhar3a For Private and Personal Use Only

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DAvariyA DIDU TekA TebA ToDaravAla, ToDaravAhyA ToDaramAlota ThakI DIDula DIDUtA 285 talerA, tAlerA, tAler3A talesarA talebar3A tavAha tAkalIyA toter3a, tAtahar3a tA~Na tAmbI DIDuma Thakura DIDuyA ika DUMgaravAla DUMgarANI tArAvala DUMgarANI tAla ThagA ThagANA ThaMThavAla ThaMThera, ThaMTherA ThAkarANI ThAkura ThAkurA ThAkurota tAlar3a i~gariyA DUMgarovAha DUMgarola DUbarIyA ThAvA DoThA ThIkariyA TheliyA Daka DaMDa tAlA tAlANI tAler3A tiraNAla tirapaMkhiyA tirapekiyA tiravekiya tilakhANA tilaharA tilANA tilerA, tillerA tilANI tilorA tihuyaNA tIvaTa DoDiyA DoDoyAlecA DoDecA DolaNa Dolasagara DosI r3hAr3hA, DhaDr3hA DhAkaliyA DhA~cAliyA DhAbariyA DhAsariyA dillIvAla DhIMka der3hiyA, deDiyA delar3iyA Dhora taptabhaTTa taravecA talavAr3A Dapha DapharIyA Dahattha DAkTara DAkale DAkaliyA, DAkuliyA DAkUlIyA DAgariyA DAgarecA DAgaliyA DAgA DA~gI DADecA DAbara tulA tulAvata tuhANA tuMgA tUtA teDapAlANI DAvA For Private and Personal Use Only

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286 daka tejANI tejArA dakha dIpaka dIMga dIpaga daDA tejAvata telar3iyA dugga tejANI tejArA tejAvata duggar3a, dUgar3a duThAhA duDiyA dur3hAhA duNIvAla, dunivAla duddhoNI dahA daNavaTa danecA daphtarI daragar3a darager3A darar3a darar3A darar3iyA dalAla daMvarI dassAnI, dAsAnI dasANI dasavANI dazalaharA dasorA dAu dUdavAla dUdhaver3iyA dUdhiyA, dudhiyA dUdhIyA gAMdhI dUdheDiyA, dudhor3iyA dUdhoriyA dUdhor3A telar3iyA telaharA teliyA teliyA boharA telerA toDaravAla tor3IvAla toDayANi tolAvata tolIyA tosaTIyA tosariyA tosaliyA thaTerA thaMbhorA tharadAvata thAMbhalecA thAnAvaTa thArAvata thAvarANI thAhara thiravAla thirANI thirAvAla thoravAla thoriyA daIyA dUsAja dAkhA dAr3hIvAla dANI dAtArA dAdaliyA dusAjhA deDiyA der3hiyA dedharANI depAlANI deparA depArA demArA dedANI deyANI derAsariyA delaDIyA delavAr3iyA devar3a devar3A devarAjota dAnA dAnesarA dAMThaDiya dAMtevAr3iyA dAliyA dAsota dillIvAla dinANI For Private and Personal Use Only

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287 dhara dhara devalasakhA daivANadaMsakhA dharakaTa, dharkaTa dharakUTTA dharA, dharma dhurIyANI dhulla devANI dhuvagotA dharamANI devAnandA devAnandI dezaralA, desaralA dezalaharA, desalarA dezavAla desaralA desalANI desaraDA, desar3alA dezAI, desAI deharA, dehar3A dolatANI dosAkhA doSI, dosI dhaMga dhaDavAI dhatUriyA dhana dhalaIyA dhAkar3a dhAkar3iyA dhAMgI dhAr3Avata dhAr3IvAla, dhArIvAla dhAr3evAla dhAr3evA, dhAr3evAha dhAturiyA dhAbAla dhAMdhAliyA dhAMdhiyA dhruvagotA dhUmAvata dhenaDAyA dhenAvata dhelANI dhokA dhokhA dhokhiyA dhola dhopya nakIyANI nakhata dhAyA dhanacA dhanacAra dhanar3AyA, dhanaDAya dhanaMtarI dhanapAla dhannANI dhanArI dhanecA dhanejA dhaneriyA dhabar3iyA dhammala dhammANI dhAmANI dhArA dhArIyA dhArota dhArolA dhAvar3A dhAvariyA dhAvar3A dhIMgA dhIMga, dhIga dhIMgar3a dhIyA dhIra cUMdhiyA dhupar3a dhupyA dhupiyA nakharA nakhitreta naga nagagotA nathAvata nandaka nandAvata nanagANI napAvaliyA naravarA, naruvariyA narasiMghA, narasiMha narAyaNa nalavAyA, nalavAhyA naliyA nava kuddAla navalakhA, naulakhA navAba nakSatra For Private and Personal Use Only

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288 nakSatragotA nAga nagagotta nAgottA nAgothA nAraNa nAriyA nArelA nAreliyA nAroliyA nAleriyA nAvaTA nerA nainAvaTI noDANI nepattA nopAlI nAgaNa nopolA nAgar3A nAvaTA nAgar3a nAgapurA nAgapuriyA nAgArjunANI nAgIyANI nAgadauna nAga seThiyA nAgaNA nAgara nAgaurI nAcANI nADulIyA nADolIyA nANA nANA gotA nANavaTa nANI nAvaTI nAvariyA nAvasarA nAver3A nAreDAra nAhara, nahAra nAharalANI nAhausarA nAhaTA, nAhaTA niMbar3iyA niMbAr3A naulakhA pagATiyA pagAriyA pagoriyA par3agatiyA par3AIyA par3iyAra, par3ihAra pacanAvata pacIsA paThANa, paThAna paTaNI, paTanI pacholiyA paTola paTavA paTavArI paTAvarI paToliyA paMcakudAla paMcalor3hA nibarar3A niMbaNiyA niMbar3A niboliyA nidhi nirakhI nimANI nilar3iyA nAthAvata paMcavanA paMcAyaNecA nIsaTA paMcAvata nAnakANI nAnAvI nAnAvaTa nAnecA nAMdecA nApar3A nAmANI nAyakANI nAraNavAla niyANI nisANiyA neNavAla paMcavayA paMcANecA paMcAyANI paMcorI paMcolI paMDarIvAla neNasara neNesarA For Private and Personal Use Only

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289 punIta purANI pUrviyA paMvAra, paramAra pamAra paTavidyA paToliyA padamAvata paraDIyApabANI pArakha, pArekha pArIkha pAraNIyA, pArANIyA pArasana pAlagotA pAlakhIyA pAlaNIyA puhAr3a puSkaraNA peMcA, paicA pethaDANI pethANI peMtIsA pepasarA parajA pAlANI paradhAna paradhalA paradhAlA pokaraNA paramAra palIvAla pallIvAla pasalA paMsArI pahAr3iyA pokharaNA pokaravAla potadAra popANI popAvata pAlAvata pAlarecA, pAlar3ecA pAlaNecA pAlaNapurA pAlecA pAvecA pAhaNiyA picholiyA piragala pItaliyA pIthaliyA pIthANI pIMcA pIpAr3a, pIpAr3A pIpaliyA pIpalA pIharecA pukArA pugaliyA pUMgaliyA pAkA pAcorA pATaNI pATanI pATaNiyA pATotiyA pAtAvata pAMcAvata pAMcArIyA pAMDugotA pAnagar3hiyA pAnagar3iyA pAnota pApar3iyA pAmecA prAmecA pomasIyANI pomANI posAlIyA poravAla posAlecA posAlevA procAla phatahapuriyA phalasA phalodiyA phAkariyA phAla phAlasA phAphU phitUriyA phirodiyA phUmar3A phUlagarA pujArA pujArI pUNa punarAjANI punamiyA, pUnamyAM pUniyANI For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 290 phUlaphagara phulecA phUsalA phokaTiyA phophaliyA pholiyA bakarA kIla bakIyANI bagar3iyA bagacAra gANI, bAgANI baMgANI bagalA bagheravAla bar3agautA bar3ajAtyA bar3alA bar3autA bar3oyA baDAlA bar3olA bacchAvata, bacchasa bajAja baTa baTavaTA bar3abar3A bar3abhaTA bar3aharA bar3era bar3erA bar3aharA borA bachAvata www.kobatirth.org bar3odiyA bar3hAlA baNa baNabhaTa, baNavaTa badaloTA, baladoThA lor3hA badAliyA, badaliyA baddhar3a baddhaNa baghANI baMkA baMga baMgAlA bandA bandA mehatA baMba, bamba baMbha baMbaI boIyA baMborI boIyA baMborI bolI baMza bor3A baMhada banabaTa banAvata babbara bavAla babAlA babU kiyA be bayA barakIyA barar3a barAr3a barar3A baraNa barar3iyA, barahar3iyA barahUr3iyA baDeyA baradiyA bardhamAna baramecA, brA biramecA barapata baraladdha baralecA barasANI bahur3iyA dupA baruA barur3iyA barodiyA bRddha brahmevA balA baladevA ballar3a baladobA baladoTA balaharI balAhArA balAI, balAhI, valahI baloTA bavAla

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bavelA basAha bahar3A bahANI baharA bahur3a bahubola bahurA bahorA vappanAga bAkaramAra bAkuliyA bAkheTA bAkhoTA bAgar3iyA bAgar3ecA/bAgarecA bAgacAra, bAghacAra bAga jayANI bAga jayAsI bAgarecA bAgalA bAgAnI bAgha bAghar3I bAghamAra, bAgamAra bAghaNA bAr3abhaTA bAdhANI bAMkA bAgANI, baMgANI bAMvaliyA bAMThiyA bAMdoliyA bAMbala bAMbar3A bAMbha bAnIgotA bAnuNA bAneta bAnetA bApar3A bApanA bAphaNA, bahuphaNA bApAvata bAbela, babela bAbo bAmANI bAyaragotA bAraDecA bArANI 291 bAvariyA bAvarecA bAvelA bAhar3A bAhaNI, vahANI, vAhaNI bAhalA bAhariyA bAhabala, bAhubalI bichAvata bijota bidANA vidyAdhara bidAmiyA binaya binAyaka binAyakA binAyakiyA, binAkiyA binAyakyA binasaTa binasara bimbA bimala biradAla biramecA bilasa birahaTa bizAla biSApahAra bIjala bIjANI bIjAvata bIjota botarANA bAla bAlar3a bAlar3A bAlagotA bADonA bAlatya bAtar3iyA bAtokar3A bAdariyA bAdavAra, bAdavora bAdaliyA, bAdalIyA bAdolA bAlavA bAloTA bAlota bAlaha bAlA bAliyA bIra For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 292 bIrANI, vIrANI bIrAvata bIsANI bIrANI bIsalANI bIsariyA bucasa burar3a buccA bucANI buTIyA bundecA bUhar3a jar3iyA, bUjhar3iyA bUva kiyA, bUbakiyA bumba pakyA bulIyA, buliyA bUr3a begar3a begavANI begANiyA gANI, beMgANI bechAta betAla betAlA betAliyA betAlI beda, veda bedya, baidya da gAMdhI, vaidya gAMdhI beda mehatA thA, beda beda mUtA baikara, baiMkara www.kobatirth.org gANI, baMgANI berAThI, bairAThI belAvata belA bhaMDArI belie belIma belahasa bevala behar3a boka bar3A bokar3iyA bokariyA bokar3A bogAvata bocANI boDAne boTAurA botharA, boharA bopIcA borar3a borar3A borar3iyA borDiyA boradiyA, boradhiyA boradhA borA borANA borIyA borudiyA borecA borIcA, borocA boliyA bodiyA bohar3a, buhar3a boharA boharA kAga bohariyA bohittharA bhakkar3a bhagata bhagAliyA bhar3akatiyA bhagatiyA bhagotA bhar3abhecA bhaTerA bhaTevar3A bhaTevarA bhaTanerA bhaTTArakiyA bhaTTa bhaNavaTa bhadra bhadrA bhadrezvara bhaNeta bhakiyA bhaMDaliyA bhaMDasAlI bhaMDAsara bhaMDArA bhaMDArI bhaMsAlI, bhaNasAlI bha~varA bhamarANI bhamAvata

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra bhayANa, bhayANA bhara bharakIyANI bharathANa bharaha bharavAla bhalagaTa bhalla bhallar3iyA bhalabhalA bhalaNiyA bhalA bhavAliyA bhasaur3a bhAIcaNA bhAkharIyA bhAgU bhAr3egA bhANeza bhAdara bhAdaniyA bhAdAnI bhATI bhATiyA bhANada bhAdragotA bhAdrA bhAMcAvata bhADAvata, bhaMDAvata bhAMDiyA bhAMbha bhAbhaTa bhAnAvata bhAmar3a www.kobatirth.org bhAmarANI bhAbhU bhAbhU pArakha bhAyA bhArANI bhAlA bhAvar3A bhAvasarA, bhITar3iyA bhIMDa bhInamAla, bhInamAlA bhImAvata bhIra bhIlamAra bhugar3I bhugatariyA bhuNiyA bhUTI bhuMDaliyA bhutar3A bhuter3A bhUter3iyA, bhUtor3iyA bhutiyA bhUya bhUraTiyA bhuraTa bhuraMTa bhuradA bhIMvasarA bhUrA bhUrI bhUlANI bhUsala bhUSaNa bhelar3A bhelar3iyA bhelA bhaiMsA bhogara bhojANI bhojAvata bhopAvata bhopAlA bhobhaliyA bhoDhA bhora bhorar3iyA bhola makkalavAla makavANA makuyANA makANA magadiyA macchA macharAlA mar3iyA maghAsariyA maTThA maTThar3a maThA maNaharA mahAr3iyA mA maNiyAra mathAla mathurA mathANA mathAla madAriyA madarecA 293

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294 mAlaka maMgaliyA maMgIvAla mAlakasa maMDalIka maMDocita maMDociyA maMDovarA mannA maMsANiyA manma maMtrI mahorA manahanI, manihAnI mamaIyA, mamaiyA marar3iyA maraDecA maralecA maravANA maravANI maruvA maruthaliyA maroThI maroThiyA malla malhAr3A mallArA mallAvata mallAvata, bAMThiyA malaTiyA malA malezA masarA mavaDIkAra masANA masANiyA mahar3a mahatthA mahaNota, manota mahatA mahatiyANa maharor3a mahA . mahAjana mahAjaniyA mahAbhadra mahAvata mahivAla mahIrolana maheca mahecA mahelA mahipAla mahotA mahorA mAMgeta mAghavANI mADalIyA mANakANI mANAvata mAthurA mAdarecA, mudarecA mAdhoTiyA mAdhoriyA mAMDalika mAMDalecA mAMDota mAMDotA mAnI mAralecA mAlakhA mAlatiyA mAlanesA mAlaviyA mAlhaNu mAlhAjA mAlA mAlANI mAlAvata mAlU, mAlhU mAlota mAhAlANI micakina michelA miNa miNiyAra minnI miniyA minnI, miniyA miThA mitrI mIThar3iyA mIThar3iyA sonI mInAgarA mInArA mIhA mukIma mukhatarapAla muNota, muhanota mutthar3a muThaliyA muMgar3iyA mArU For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra muMgorala muDaNecA munnI boharA munhAnI maNiyA mulala muragIpAla muragIvAla murar3iyA muradA musalIyA muhaNANI muhANANI muhimavAla muMhiyar3a mahilANa muhAlyA mUghA muMthar3A mUMthA, mUthA mUdA mudhAlA mUMgaravAla mUMgarecA mUMchAlA mUMdhar3A mUlamerA mUlANI mUsala meghA meghAlajANI mer3atavAla mer3atA metAlA www.kobatirth.org menAlA memavAla mera merANa melANI mehamavAla mehara mehatA mehasA meMhU mairANa mogarA mogiyA moghA moData moDota moTAvaNa moTANI motA motIyA motIyANa modI momAyA mora morakha moraca moracIyA morAkSa molhANI molANI mohar3A mohanANI mohabbA mohalANo mohaNota mohatA mohIvAla mohIvAlA mautiyANa yati yakSa yAdava yogar3a yogesarA yoddhA raMka rakhavAla raNadhIrA raNadhIrota raNazobhA raNasota ratanagotA ratanapurA, ratanapura ratanasurA ratanAvata rattANI raher3a zaMkA, kA rAkyAna rAkAbAla rAkhar3iyA boharA rAkhecA rAgalI rAjar3A rAjadA rAja gAMdhI rAja boharA rAja dhyAnA 295

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 296 rAjasarA rAjANI rAjAvata rAjota rAThor3a, rAThaur3a rAThaur3ayA rAThI rAThA rADA rANAvata rANAMNI rANota rAtar3iyA rAmapuriyA rAmasenyA rAmANI rAmAyata rAya rAyagAMdhI rAyajAdA rAyapuriyA rAya bhaMsAlI rAya bhaMDArI rAya surANA rAyasonI rAba rAvata rAvala rAhar3a rIkhaba sANa rIhar3a ruNavAla, ruNivAla ruNiyAM www.kobatirth.org rugavAla raMgalecA, ruMghacA rUpa rUpadharA rUpANI rUpAvata rUpAvara rUmAla rekhAvata rer3a reNu rehar3a OM raidAnI raidAsanI, raidAsaNI roA~ roTAgaNa rohila lakkar3a laghu kumbhaTa laghu khaMDelavAla laghu camakIyA laghu ciMcaTa laghu cuMgA laghu caudharI laghu nAhaTA laghu pokaraNA laghu pArakha laghu bhuraMTa laghu rAMkA laghu rAThI laghu suravA laghu saMghavI laghu samadar3iyA laghu sor3hatI laghu saMcetI laghu hiMgar3a laghu zreSTha lalavAnI, lalavANI lalAnI lUMDiyA lalita lasor3a lahariyA lAkhANI lAchI lADavA lADalakhA lAbhANI lAmbA lAmar3a lAlaNa, lAlana lAlA lAlANI, lAlAnI lAlena lAlota lAhorA lIgA lIge, lige lIMgA, liMgA labar3iyA lIrUNA luMkar3a, lUMkar3a luMga luMDA luMbaka lUMgAvata lU~chA luNA

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lUNiyA, lUniyA lUNAvata, lUnAvata lUNavAla lUNecA lUsar3a lerakhA lela levA leheriyA loDAyA loTA lor3hakara r3hA lor3hA rAya lolaga lolA lolecA losara laukar3a syAla, syAlA sakalecA sakalAda sakhaNa sakhalA sakhaleMcA sakhANI sagarAvata saciMtI saciyA sacopA saNavAla sthUla sadhyANI sadharA sadharANI saMkalecA saMkhalA www.kobatirth.org saMkhalecA, saMkhavAlecA saMkhavAla saMghavI saMghI saMcayi saMcetI saMDa saMDAsiyA saMdhi saMbhariyA saMbhuAnA saMvalA saMvaliyA savAM sadAvata saphalA sabhadrA, sabadarA samadar3iyA, samadariyA samadhar3iyA samarakhI samudarikha samudraDiyA samudriyA samUliyA syAla syAlA sarA sarApha, sarrApha sarabhela saralA saravalA sarAha, sarAhA sarupiyA salagaNA salagavA savA saravalA savAyA sahacetI sahaciMtI sarajANI, sajANI sahajAvata sahalota sahasaguNA sahasaguNA gA~dhI sahI sAkhecA sAgANI sAgAvata sAcA sAcAvaTa sAcA saMdhi sAcorA sAcorI sAr3herAva sAr3hA sAdAvata sAdhi mehatA sAdhu sAMIyAM sAMkhyA sAMkhalA, sAkhalA sAMkhalA paramArA sAMkhalecA sAMgANI sAMcopA sAMDa sAMDelA sAr3ha r3hA sAMr3hiyA sAnI pAhA sAMpulA 297

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298 siMdhur3A sudhar3a siMdariyA siMhAvaTa siMhAvata sAraMgaNi sA~varA sAMvalA sA~valiyA sAmaDA sAmasukhA, syAmasukhA sAMbhariyA sAbhadrA sAmara sAmotA sAyANI sAyalecA boharA sArUpriyA sArUpAriyA sAlhaNecA sAlIpurA sAlecA, sAlesA sAvana sAvaNasukhA sAvalasakhA sAvaliyA sAsalA sAha sAhiba gotA sAhilA sAhalecA sAhulA sikhariyA sicivAla siNagAra siMghala siMghI siMghavI siMghalorA siMghAlA siMdhI siMdhar3a sudharA suMDAla sundara sundhA sundhecA subAjiyA subhanA subhAdA suratI surapiyA surapAriyA surapuriyA surayarA surANA surANIyA surahA surahiyA siyAla, sIyAla sirahaTa sirodiyA siroliyA sirohiyA, siroyA sIkhA sIkhANI sIgAlA sIMgI sIMghAr3iyA sIMcA sIpa sIpAnI, sIpAnI sIpANI sIrohyA saMghavI sIrohiyA, sIrohyA sIlarecA sIvANI sIsodiyA sukhaniyA sukhalecA surovA susANI susA~khulA suvarNagirI sUkAlI sUghar3a sukhA sUcA sukhANI, sukhAnI sukhiyA, sukhIyA sUdhA sUMDAla sugaMdhI sugaNiyA sucaMti, suMcitI suciMtita sUrapurA sUramA sUriyA, sUryA sUhA sekhANI, zekhANI seThiyA sughar3a sujantI sudevA sujaMtI sudhecA, sa~dhecA seThiyA pAvara seThiyA vaidya seTha suTa For Private and Personal Use Only

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299 hAr3A hAr3erA sauvarNika zaMkhI zaMkhezvarIyA zyAmasukhA, zAmasukhA zaThe zAha, zAhA zAha-chAjer3a zivA zIgAlA zIzodiyA zukaniyA zUramA zUravA zekhAvata zeTha zaurANa hagur3iyA har3iyA, hariyA, harIyA haThIlA haThur3iyA hathur3iyA hamarI haladIyA harakhAvata, harakAvata haragaNANI haraNa harapAvata harasorA harasota, harasoTa hariyANI hATiyA hAMDiyA hAthAla hApANI hAlA hAMsA hAhA hiraNa hiraNA hirAu hirANI hiMgar3a, hIMgar3a hIMgala hIDAu seThI seThIpArA seNA semalAnI selhota selota sopar3iyA selavAr3iyA sevar3iyA sevAjI sehajAvata sojana sojatavAla sojatiyA soThila sor3hA sor3hANI sodhila sonagarA sonA sonANA sonArA sonAvaTa sonAvata sonI sonIgarA sonI bAphaNA sonImiMDe sonecA sophAr3iyA sobhAvata somANI somAliyA solaMkhI, solaMkI sosalANI sosariyA sohanavADiyA hIpA hIyA hIrAU hIrANI hIrAvata hukamiyA hur3iyA huDiyA huMDiyA heshco.co hunA hubbar3a hulA huvA haMsa hasA haMsAriyA hastI harSAvata hAkA hAkar3A hemapurA hemAde tripaMkhI tripaMkhiyA RSabha zrApha zrAvaNasukhA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 300 zrI zrIpati zrIpaNA nAma- padyAtmaka hai| www.kobatirth.org zrImAla zrIvaMza zrIvara laddha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrI zrImAla zreSThi 'osavAla jAti no rAsa' aura 'osavAla bhopAloM kA rAsA' meM aneka gotroM ke nAma For Private and Personal Use Only // osavAla jJAtinI rAso // " soha vadhau saMsAra sIra, ila rAkhaNa ikhiyAtaH, nakhitra abhIca nimaMghiyau nija ujalAvaNa nyAti / / jahA~ sADhIbAhara nyAti sarAMhA zrImAlI vo savAla save / DIDU, bagheravAla dAkhI jai, citrAvAla palIvAla cave / / khaikhAla, narANA, harasaurA, jugatI jai opama jANe / atI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, badhau bar3i mahatha vAkhANe || pINI pokaravAla bhaNo je, valI meDatavAlA kAramahe / khaMDelavAla lahuvai jasa khATai, sagalI vidhi ThaThavAla sahe // vanAta vakhaNai oma berasala, kharI nyAMti hIrA khAMNe / atI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, baghau bar3i mahatha vAkhANe || AyacaNAM tAtahaDa bhUrA bhAkhIye, karaNAMTA bAphaNA kahe / cIcaDa arAbhaMDa kUkar3A, cAvA lahuDIDU kubhaTA lahe || seThIyA bhiraha mora susaMcItI zrI zrImAlI suratAMNe / yetI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, baghau vAkhANe || zaMkA ara liMgA vaida kahi rUpaka salahAM loDhA sUrAMNA / nAhara votharA copar3A niramala vaNa dAMnI pArikha ghaNA / / sAMDa sIkhA golechA bahu vidhi, jagapura ceraDayA jANe / yetI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, baghau bar3i mahatha vAkhANe || gAdahIyA caMba caudharI dUgaDa vinAikAyA vaMbha bhaNe / darar3A prAmecA jaMbar3a dAkhA, bhuta sakhavAlA sujasa suNe // bhaMDasAlI adhika chAjahar3a bhalla paNa ila kAMkariyA ahinANe yetI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM vaghau bar3i vAkhANe || vAgaraicA voharA mIThaDiyA vali, chajalAMNI DAgA chAjai / DAkaliyA sAMDa sAMkalA DAhI, kAbeDiyA kathAvara kAje // luNiyA sIsodiyA, vAMgANI, pUre vagar3a pariyAMNe / yetI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vaghau var3i mahatha vAkhANe || charelIyA kelAMNI bhelaDIyA chali, lalavANI lokar3a lekhe /

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301 sIrohiA mAlU sau vidhi suMdara, dIpaka mAlavIyA dekhe / / gaNadhara caupar3A desalahara gAjai, vidhi kahi phophalIyA naaNnne| yetI osavAla nyAti ujAlaM, vaghau var3i mahatha vAkhANe / kUkar3a luNAvata khIvasarA kahi sahasaguNA mAhe soha / bAvela luNAvata phalodhIA vahu, matisAgara jogaDa mohai / / kulaNa nAhaTA bhaMDArI kahIye, vale vAMThiyA nidhi vANe / yetI osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vaghau var3i mahatha vAkhAMNe / / muhaNota anai bhaMDasAlI moTima, barahaDiyA vidhi vidhi vaayaa| paMzula prAmecA sonI saphalA, sahu vidhi mohAMNI sAcA / bhagalIyA koThArI pokaraNA bhaNi, yema gahalaDA ApAMNe / yetI osavAla nyAti ujAlaM, vaghau vaDi mahatha vAkhAMNe / / DosI kaTAriyA pAlhavata samadaDIyA giDIyA sAcA / rAkhecA vAgharecA bAMsi rUpaka, vihu DohuDIyA nahu vAcA / / thoravAla vopamA lAlaNa, jugati nAga gotrA jANe / ye ti osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vadhauvaDi mahatha vAkhANe / / var3a gotrA AchA go9 bar3alA dhAr3IvAhA ghavaladhare / khaTavar3a asaucIyA DAMgI hIMgar3a, khita parAriyA sAMbharA paTe / / khIcI ayarI kuhAr3a gokharU, ghIyA aragaM gavAla ghaNe / yetI osavAla nyAti ubjAlaM, vadhau var3i mahatha vAkhAMNe // ToTakhAla TikuliyA tathije, kakar3a vIroliyA kahIye / nAdecA rAtar3IyA DhAbariyA nakhai,nikalakaM nAkharIyA nahIye / / magadIyA acaliyA choharIyA mahi, hIraNa ghamArI dalida haNe / yeti osavAla nyAti ujAlaM, vaghau var3i mahatha vAkhANe / / vaDaharA bhAMgarIyA jodhapurA vali, nAgaurI vadhavAla nara / naravai mIThaDIyA nalavAyA nIdhananara, hita jAlorI daliharaM / / ciMDAlIyA parar3a pAleracA cAcavi, DUgariyA jar3IyA DhANe / yeti osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vaghau bar3i mahatha vAkhAMNe / / rUNavAla bhaTevarA jAMgar3A rAje, dhupIyA khAMTahaDa kahA ghane / pIpAr3A vorodIyA catura paNi mer3atavAlAM kahe mane / / asubha gotra roTAgiNa AkhA, burar3a ghAMgha bahu vidhi vANe / yeti osavAla nyAti ujAlaM, vadhau var3i mahatha vAkhANe / / bhar3akatIyA maMDorA bhaNIye, maMDalecA aghIkA muNIye / vali vIrolA DugaravAlA vAcIjai thaMbha mahevacA jasa thuNiye / / dillIvAla mahamavAla dUdheDIyA, pragaTa vopamA paramANe / yeti osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vagho var3i mahatha vAkhAMNe / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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302 sojatIyA maDovarA suNi je mANahaMDiyA re haDa maMDe / gajadAtA sura huvo guNa haDIyo, var3hapAtrA dAlida vihaDai / / amarAva teja tUja ho abicala, bhuvanaMtara ugai bhANe / yeti osavAla nyAti ujjAlaM, vaghau var3hi mahatha vAkhANe / / ||judaaN judAM gotranA prasiddha shriimaaliio|| Age adhikArI the anaMta tisa nAma kahU~ zrImAlakA, isa kali meM sAMDA koDiyA de kanaka TakA kalikAlakA, isa pari bhIma taMbola tyAgI, hema mukata arU lAlakA, udesI vIdhU TAka dAMni, jAsA arU depAla kA, uha dilI gopA badalIyA je jiyA chu TayA dara hAla kA, ratanAgara nAhA bhAMDiyA DhilI Dhiga jhajharavAlakA, rAya saghAraha sIrI vacha bhaMDArI sera saMbhAlakA, likhI satIdAsa ciMDAliyA, jo desaka nAMne cAlakA, lAkaja narasI raipatI karI nara boharA narapAlakA, isa juga meM vego mahArAja the, sighur3a amiTa aTAlikA, iNa kANyoNja ghiriA junivAla, harakhAraDa harapAlakA, vo kIratimala kukar3I AMdarIja karanAla kA, vo jaunapura bharahA Dhora jAni pA~NI patha vAgha muchAlakA, aradhAna mAna rustagi hUye, mauThIyA kahU~ mahipAlakA, adhikArI TAlana dhAMdhIyA, jasa palhavaDa rAjapAla kA, khitI bhairU rAMmA paragaTe, mevAta bahatari pAlakA, golhA sAraga samaratha sAha, tAMbI megha pranAla kA, ghaNAM virada aba rAMki ANa tisa UparI haThI haThAla thA, nakhitraja terA bhAramala bhabhIca janama bharisAla kA, mali maivAsI kIye jera caDhi gira khaMdyA khuratAla kA, jagi upari bali vikama jisA, dAlida kasyA jaMjAla kA, rAjA ToDaramala zuM prIti, jyauM saravara mAMna marAla kA, sAcA guna khete kahyA, saMbata solAsai te tAlakA / hukamaja akabara pAtisAha paratApa jo bhArahamAlakA / / osavAla bhopAloM kA rAsA zArada mAta nabhU ziranAmI / kaviyoM kI tUM aMtarjAmI viNA pustaka dhAraNI mAtA / haMsa bAhani vayaNa vara dAttA / / 1 / / bAraha nyAta balI caurAsI / osavAla saba meM guNa raasii| rAsa bhaNu mana dharI ullAza / jAti nAmaka karahU~ prakAza / / 2 / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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pArzvanAtha vara chaTTe paTTAmbara / ratnaprabhasUri sUrivAra / Aye marudhara deza majhArI / ueza nagare ugra vihArI ||3|| ziSya pAMcasau the guNavantA / mAta domAsa tapa AcaraMtA / koI nahIM pucche na annapANI / jJAna dhyAna tapasyA mana ThANI rAya jamAta ahI viSa grahyo / sUri samIpa lAine dharyo / caraNa prakSAla nalachaTakAve / tatkSaNa kuMvara sacetana thAve |15|| rAjA maMtrI nAgarika sArA / guru upadeza zira pai dhArA / sAta durvyasana dUra nivArI | savAlAkha saMkhyA naranArI |16|| jinake gotra prasiddha atthaaraa| tAter3a bApaNA karNAvaTa sArA / lAha gotra kI rAMkA zAkhA / morakSa te pokaraNA lAkhA |17|| virahaTa kUlahaTa ne zrI zrImAla / saMcetI zreSThi ujjamAla / AdityanAga corar3iyA vAje / bhUri bhAdra samadar3iyA gAje ||8|| ciMcaDa - desarar3A kumbhaTa bheTI / kanaujiyA DiDu laghuzreSTi / caraDa gota kAMkariyA AkhA / luMgagota caMDAliyA zAkhA ||9|| sughar3a dUdhar3a ne ghaTiyA gota / aitA AdR osavaMza udyota / mahAjana saMgha thApyo gururAya / dina dinavRddhi adhikI thAya // 10 // vIra saMvat ke the sItara varSa / apUrva thA usa saMgha kA darza / amara yaza: sUrIzvara lino / dharma kali meM sthirakara dino ||3|| Arya chAjer3a rAkhecA kaag| garur3a sAlecA bharI jina mAga / vAgharecA kuMkuma ne saphalA / nakSatra Abhar3a bahurI kalA // 12 // chAvata vAghamAra piccholiyA / hathur3iyoM ne zubha kArya kiyA / maMDovarA mala guMdecA jANa / gaccha ueza aite pahacAna 111311 var3a lima zAkhA vistarI / gaNatI tenI ko nahIM karI / bhAnuM tApa pracaNDamadhyAnha / mahAjana saMgha ko vaDiyo mAna ||14|| taptabhaTTa tAter3a kahalAyA / toDiyANI Adi mana bhAyA / bIsa zAkhA vistarI / bhAgyaravi ne unnati karI ||15 // bAppanAga prasiddha bAphaNA / nAhaTA jaMghar3A vaitAlA ghaNA / paTavA vAliyA ne daphtarI / bAvana zAkhA vistarI ||16| karaNAvaTa kI suniye bAta / jinase nikalI caudaha jAta / vAha vAsa vallabhI kare / zilAditya rAjA se aDe / / 17 / / kAMgasI ne utpAta macAyo / vallabhI ko bhaMga karAyo / zaMkA bAMkA nAma kamAyo / jAti rAMkA seTha pada pAyo ||18|| chavIMsa zAkhA pRthaka kahI / samaya unnati ko mAno sahI / morakSa gota pokaraNA Adi / sattarA zAkhA bhAgya prasiddha ||19|| kulahaTa zAkhA sUravA kahAMjI / jAti aThAraha prakaTa ko jANI / For Private and Personal Use Only 303

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304 virahaTa gota bhureTAdi sattare / var3a jima zAkhAeM vistare / / 20 / / zrIzrImAloM ne sono pAyo / mAna rAja se miliyo svaayo| niDiyAdi bAvIsa jAta / zubha kAryoM se huI vikhyAta // 21 // rAva utpaladeva ke nAma kamAyo zreSTigota vaidya mehatA pada pAyo / bhAlA rAvatAdi ekatIsa / zreSTha kAma karate nizadisa / / 4 / / sucaMti zubha sUcanA kare / saMcetI hiMgar3a nAma ja dhare / zAkhA tetAlIsa nikalI / unnati meM saba phUlI phalI / / 23 / / AdityanAga thA puruSa pradhAna / prakaTa huA thA navanidhAna / dharma taNokinA udyota / mahAjana saMgha meM jAgati jota / / 24 / / coraDiyA gulecchA jAta / parakha gAdaiyA suprabhAta / sAmasukhA ne bUccA Adi / caurAsI zAkhA hai prasiddha / / 251 osavaMza meM nAma kamAyo / vistAra pAyo saMgha svaayo| isa gota meM bhaiMsAzAha cAra / jinaki mahimA aparaMpAra / / 26 / / bhUri gota bhaTevarA lAkhA / vistarI bar3ajima vIsa zAkhA / bhAdra gota samadaDiyA nAma / guNatIsa zAkhA var3iyA kAma // 27 // ciMcaTa gota desaraDA jANo / unnIsa jAti sukAma pramANo / kummaTa zAkhA kAjaliyA pare / bIsa jAti sevA zira dhare / / 28 / / DiDU gota kaucara pramANa / tevIsa zAkhA zubha kArya jANa / kanojiyA kI unnati khii| unnIsa zAkhA mAno sahI / / 290 laghu zreSTi phira inakI jAta / vardhamAnAdi solaha vikhyAta / caraDa gota kAMkariyA jANo / nava zAkhA ke kAma phcaanno||30|| sughar3a dUghar3a ke saMDAsiyAsAta / luMga-caNDhAliyA cAra huI jAta / gaTiyA gota TIbAMNo tIna / dharma karma meM rahate lIna / / 31 / / aThAraha cAra saba bAbIsa mUla / pAMca sau pandraha jAti huI kUla / unnati ke yaha hanANa / nAmI puruSa hue pramANa / / 32 / / jinhoMne dhArmika kArya kiye / dharma kAma meM bahu dravya diyA / rAja kAja vyApAra se khii| kaI hA~so se jAtiyeM bana gaI / / 33 / / doya hajAra varSa nirAntara / upake za-sUriyoM ne barAbara / ajainoM ko jaina banAte rhe| unakI jAti kI ginatI kona khe||34|| anyAcAryoM ne jaina banAye / mahAjana saMgha ke sAtha milAye / jisase saMgaThana bar3hatA gyaa| alaga rakhane kA nAma na liyaa||35|| mahAjana (saMgha) samRddhazAlI bhayA / tana dhana mana utaMga nabha gyaa| kriyA bheda gaccha pRthaka huA taba zrIgaNeza patana kA huA / / 36 / / caitya nizraya anizraya kRtadoya / goSTika banAye suyogya ko joy| isane gar3abar3a macAi purI / mamatva bhAva nahIM rahI adhUrI / / 37 / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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305 hAla isakA hai vistAra / ke tA likhU nahIM Ave pAra / vartamAna jo pracalIta hai vaat| jisakA hI likha dU abadAtA / / 38 // matamatira nikale nahIM mAna / le le jAtiyAM mAMDI dukAna / jAtiyoM ne unakA sAtha diyaa| unake hI itihAsa kA khUna kiyaa| tor3a saMgaThana apanI kI thApa / kRtaghnI bana kiyA vajra pApa / patana dazA kA kAraNa yahI / anubhava se saba jANI sahI / / bhavitavyatA TArI nahIM Tare / hona hAra anyathA kona kare / anya gaccha ke kahalAve gotra / vaMzAvaliyoM se pAI jota / / maMDota suMghecalane rAtaDiyA / bottharA bachAvata va phophaliyA / koThArI koTar3iyA kapuriyA / ghAr3ivAla dhAkar3hA seThiyA / / dhUvagotA nAgagotA valI nAhara / dhAkar3a aura khIbasarA sAra / mathunA minnI sonecA sujANa / makavANA phituriyA ko jANa // khAbiyA sukhiyAne sNkhlecaa| DhAkaliyA pADUgota posaalecaa| bAkuliyA sahucetI nAgaNA / khIvAMNadiyA vaDerA vaDapaNA / / koraMTagaccha ke ye zrAvaka jANa / vaMzAvaliyoM meM haiM pramANa / nannaprabhasUri Adi prabhAvika / jinhoMne banAye jainI bhAvika // gohalANi ne navalakhA gaNa / bhutoDiyA ye eka hI pramANa / pIpAr3A hiraNa ne gogddh'aa| zizodiyA hai isameM bar3A 145 / / rUNIvAla ne vegANI dAnI / hiMgar3a liMgA ne rAyasa nI / / jhAmar3a jhAbaka dUdheDiyA khii| chajalANI chalANI sahI // 46 / / ghoDAvata hariyA kalhANI / gokharU codharI nAgaDa jaannii| choriyA sAmar3A loDAvaDa vIra / sUriyA mIThA nAhara gaMbhIra // 471 jar3iyA Adi ora viveka / nAgapuriyA tapA sUri neka / durvyasana choDAi jaina bnaayaa| unakA upakAra sadA svaayaa||48|| varadiyA-varaDiyA vaMza jatAve / vara diyA zilAlekhabatAve / bAMThiyA kavADa the bar3e hI vIra / zAha-harakhAvata sAhasa sadhIra / / 491 chatriyA lAlANI ne raNadhIra / lalabANI hue vaDe gaMbhIra / gAndhIrAja vaidblgaandhii| jinhoMne prIta prabhu se sAndhI // 5 // khajAnacI aura DaphariyA jANa / yuraDa saMghI munauta pahacAna / pagAriyA caudharI va saulNkii| gujarAMNI kaccholA jinakI / / 51 / / maraDecA solecA aura khaTola / vinAyakiyA luMkaDa sarApha amol| aMcaliyA minI ne goliyA, ostavAla goThI doliyA / / 52 // mAdarecA lolecA va bhAlA / guru pyAla pI lo mtvaalaa| ghRhada tapAgaccha ke sUri sadhIra / jaina banAye kSatrI vIra / / 53 / / girate naraka se svarga batAyA / paramparA hama calate Aye / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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306 upakAra taNo nahIM Ave pAra / pratidina vandana vAra hajAra / / 54 / / gAlhA Atha gotA buraDa jaannaa| subhadrA boharA va siyAlANa // kaTAriyA koTecA ratnapurA / nAgar3agota miTar3iyA var3azUrA // 55 // ghara gAndhI devAnanda dharA / gotama gota DosI sonogarA / / kAMTiyA hariyA deDiyA vIra / borecA aura zrImAla vdddhiir||56|| aMcala gaccha sUrIzvara rAyA / ajainoM ko jaina banAyA / / upakAra ApakA aparampAra / smaraNa kariye pratyupakAra / / 57 / / pagAriyA baMba gaMga kotthaarii| giriA gahalar3A ora hai nyArI / / maladhAra gaccha ke sUri jANa / zrAvaka banAye jAti pramANa / / 58 // sAMDha sivAla punamiyAdhAra / sAlecA meghANI dhanerA sAra / / pUnamiyA gaccha ke sUrirAya zrAvakabanAye karuNA lAya / / 59 / / raNadhIrA kAvaDiyA sujANa / DhaDhDhAzrIpati telerA mAna / / koThArI nANAvala gaccha sAra / sUri kito jabara upakAra / / 60 / / surAMNA sAMkhalA sonI jisA / bhaNavaTa miTar3iyA hai kisA / / ostavAcha khaToDa ora nAharaM / surAMNA gaccha kA parivAra / / 61|| dharmaghoSa sUri kA upakAra / nahIM bhUle eka kSaNa lagAra / / dhokhA-boharA DugaravAla khii| pallIvAla gaccha kI kRpA sahI dUdher3iyA kaTotiyA gaMga jAti / baMba aura khAbar3iyA sAti / / kadarasA gaccha ke sUri mahanta / hama para kiyA upakAra anaMta bhaMDArI gugaliyA dhArolA / cUtara dUdheDiyA boharA jholA / / kAMkarecA aura zizodiyA vIra / gaccha sAMDherAva sadA sadhIra / / 64 / / upakAra taNo nahoM Ave pAra / vinaya bhakti vandanA vAra hajAra // gaccha maMDovarA AgamiyA gcch| dvivardAnaka jIrAvalA hai svcch| citravAla gaccha chApariyA ora / caurAsI gacchoM kA thA bahu jaura / / thor3e bahuta pramANa meM sahI / ajainoM ko jaina banAye kahIM khiiN| sAdhu sAdhvI hue viccheda tamAma / kahIM 2 kula guru mANDe nAma // sAhitya kA hai Aja abhAva / prakAzita nahI huA svabhAva / / osavaMza ratnAkara thA vizAla / gotra jAtiyA~ thI ratnoM kI mAla / saMvat satarahasau sIhara majhAra / sevaga pratijJA lI dIladhAra // tamAma jAtiyoM kA likhasunAma / picche karasu ghara kA kAma / / dazavarSa taka bhramaNa bhukiyaa| caudahasau camAlIsa nAma likha ly| zeSa raha gaI eka DosI jAta / DosI aura ghaNerI hosI-sAcIbAta pannA purAMNA miliyo jJAna bhaNDAra / likha sujAtiyo unake AdhAra / For Private and Personal Use Only

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307 Upara likhI jAtiyoM karasu bAda / phirabhI raha jAtA hai apavAda / / AmI araNodiyA aura atAra / acchA AmadevA AlajhaDA saar|| AbagotA AkhA arbudA jANa / bhAlIjA osarA AsAMNI mAna / / orar3iyA ijjArA indANI pare / UTar3A ubar3A umarAvaja sare / / UniyA UkArA usakeriyA mAna kaTaka kaTArA kaNerA pramANa / kar3iyA kaTotiyA kasArAkaTa / kAgadiyA kAjaliyA karakaTa / / kAsatavAla kAMkaliyA kaapddiyaa| kAndhala kaviyA kAla diyaa| kirAr3a ku~boja kuMkara kuMDasAra / kuceriyA kuMpar3a kasariyA dhAra / / kelavAla keriyA kevar3A bhArI / koliyA kAbara kaMDIrakArI / khaMgAra khaMgaNI khara bhaMDArI / khaDabhaMzAlI khaTavar3A upakArI / / khATA khArIvAla khelacI jANo / khIcI khIciyA kheMcAtANoM / kheriyA khetarapAla khetasI vIra / khemAnandI khutar3a khetANI gaMbhIra / / khulavAlakhe tasAra khaMDiyA / khAu khelU khetAsara khIjuriyA / khakharoTA kheDIvAla khosiyA / gaTTA galagaTa gaDavANI liyA / gulagulA gemAvata aura gaurA / gujarA gola kiyA gIyA bhaurA / guNatiyA gulakhaNDiyAM godaa| gogAvata govariyA yoddhA / / gosalANI gohila gujarA / ghoghA gIravA ghaMghavAla dhAra / causarA cImANI caumohallA / cUMgIvAla cetAvat caukhaMDa / cokhA cUr3AvAla ne caMcala / cinIcur3Avata cUMgA alibala / / cha chor3a chogA choTA chA hii| chAliyA chITiyA chIvarasAhI / bhAlA jogar3a jogAvat zUrA jANecA / jInANI jetAba jotUrA / / jakSagotA jAlaurI jindA / jelamI joganerA jebI prasiddhA / jhoTA jhabaravAla ne jhalecI / TATiyA ToDaravAla aura TakebI / / TADuliyA TIkAyata TukaliyAM / TAMcA TAkaliyA TAMkIvAdiyA~ / ThAvA ThAkura TheThavAla ThaMThera / ThagaNA ThaMThavAla aura ThaMDera / / DAgA DAMga DAvA ddaakliyaa| DoDiyA DAvaNAM ne DAvariyA / DhAbariyA Dhe livAla DheDhiyA / DhUMDhavAla DhU~Dhe DA liyA / / toDaravAla tolAvat tullA / tIkhA tejAvat ne tomulA / thothA thAbhalecA thAnAvat / thAkA, thIrA aura thIrAvat / / dAdA darar3adaka ne dedAvat / dAu dIlIvAla aura dIpAvat / devar3A dIsAvAla dIvAnA / dhamANI dhIMgar3a dhupiyA AnA / / dhokhA dhaMdhaliyA dhanecA / dhAvA dhIrA dhIMgA dhUlecA / nAvariyA nADolA nAMdecA / nidhi ne mANI ne nAthecA / navasarA nAthasarA nauverA / nANAvaTI nArA nibeDanerA / / paMvAra pAmecA pAlIvAle / pATaNiyA paTavA SomAvat cAle / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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308 par3ihAra pApar3iyA pAlarecA / pokaravAla pitaliyA pAdecA / pAlAvat pipaliyA puhar3A vIra / pAthavat popaTiyA paY dhIra / / phUlA phUlapagara phokaTiyA jANa / phakkar3A phephAvat phalA pramANa / baDoliyA baDAlA valoTA dhIrA bAlaDA bahubolA bAvalA vIrA // vAbela bAMgANI bagheravAla / bAbeliyA bahyecA vAMkIvAla / burar3a burkacA bokaDiyAmAna / borUdiyA bogA bajAja pahacAna / / bubakiyA burDa begaDA kharA / bAliyA borecA bagalA dhraa| bhakkar3a bhar3agatiyAM bhaMDesarA shii| bhIllaDiyA bhAbhU bhanzAlI khii| bhaMDAvat bhopAlA bhuMgar3I dhIra / bhInamAlA bhAdavata bhuniDavIra / bhAlA bhogaravAla aura bhUrA / bhATI bhalabhalA ne bhala cUrA / / maraDiyA mInIyAra me maagdiyaa| mer3atiyA mamAiyA bhAlukiyA / mahutIyANI mInArA ne muzala / methAta hai moDo mIThA kuzala mADalecA mAlaviyA ne mevaadd'aa| mAlAvata mugA mothA cADA // macchA mulIvAla arU murgiipaal| makANA mAdarecA ve suvizAla / / modI marcI aura motiyA vaDavIra / mohIvAla meM dIvAla hue raNabIra rAyajAdA rAya bhaNasANI ne raatthaudd'| rAjAvat rAsANI roDA kor3a lAlana luNiyA luNAvata jANa / luMbaka lolA levA pahacAna / / lAkhANI lakhesarA ne lolecA / saMriyA sAcorA ne solecA / / siroyA saravAlA ne sevaiyA~ / soDhA sagANI zRMgArAriyA / / surapuriyAM sAMgariyA sonIgarA / sojatiyA siMhAvat uttamadharA saMkhavAla sAccA sukhA shii| harasolA hAr3A hemAvata khii| hAMsA haMsANI hAlA kheDI vIra / hApar3A hullA hariyAgaMbhIra / / saMkSipta se maiM kiyA vicAra / osavaMza ratnAkara nahIM Ave pAra / / osavaMza ke gotroM kA vargIkaraNa osavaMza ke gotroM kA vargIkaraNa nimnAMkita AdhAroM para prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| inameM kucha gotroM ko hI sthAna mila sakA hai| 1. pratibodhakartA AcArya ke AdhAra para 2. gaccha ke AdhAra para 3. pratibodha ke sthAna ke AdhAra para 4. udbhava ke samaya ke AdhAra para 5. nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra para 6. mUla gotroM ke AdhAra para 7. pUrvajAti (udbhava jAti) ke AdhAra para For Private and Personal Use Only

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1. pratibodhakartA ke AdhAra para mAnasUra aura unakI ziSya paramparA ne yaha sarAhanIya kArya kiyaa| inakI ziSya paramparA meM jinezvara sUri, jinacaMdra sUri, abhayadeva sUri, jinavallabha sUri, jinadatta sUri, maNidhara sUri, jinacandra sUri, jinapati sUri, jinakuzala sUri, jinaprabha sUri, jinabhadra sUri, jinacandra sUri, jinakIrti sUri Adi ne aneka osavAla gotroM ke udbhava meM yoga diyaa| ina AcAryoM ne jina jina gotroM ke udbhava meM yoga diyA, ve nimnAnusAra haiM / 1. vardhamAna sUri- lor3hA, pIpAr3A' 2. jinezvara sUri - zrIpati, DhaDhDhA, tilerA, bhaNasAlI (cIla mehatA) 3. jinacandra sUri- zrImAla 4. abhayadeva sUri- khetasI, pagAriyA, mer3atavAla 5. jinavallabha sUri- kAMkariyA, copaDA, gaNadhara caupaDA, kUkaDa, copaDA, baDera, sAMDa, siMdhI, bAMThiyA, lalavANI, baramecA, harakhAvata, mallAvata, sAha aura solaMkI / 6. jinadatta sUri- paTavA, TAMTiyA, koThArI, boraDa, khImasarA, samadariyA, kaTotiyA, ratnapurA, kaTAriyA, lalavANI, DAgA, mAlU, bhAmU, seThI, seThiyA, rAMkA, bA~kA, dhokA, rAkhecA, sakalecA, puMgaliyA, coraDiyA, sAMbasukhA, golecchA, pArakha, lUNiyA, nAbariyA, sonI, pItaliyA, bohittharA (botharA) AyariyA, lUnAvata, bApanA, bhaMsAlI, caNDAliyA, AveDA, khaTola, bhagatiyA, pokaraNA / 7. maNidhArI jinacandra sUri- AghaDiyA, chAjeDa, bhinnI, khajAMcI, muMgaDI, zrImAla, sAlecA, gAMga, dUgaDa-sUgaDa, zekhANI, AlAvata, koThArI, sAlecA boharA 8. jinakuzala sUri-, bAbela, saMghavI, jar3iyA, DAgA / 9. jinaprabhasUri- khaNDelavAla jAti ke logoM ko pratibodha diyaa| 10. jinabhadra sUri- Apane pratibodha dekara nUtana jaina banAye / 11. jinacandra sUri - pahAlyA, pIMcA 12. jinahaMsa sUri- gelar3A 13. jinakuzala sUri - DAgA 14. mAnadeva sUri - nAhara 15. udyotana sUri - baraDiyA / daraDA, siMghI (baladoTA) 16. yazobhadrasUri bhaNDArI 309 1. zrI mohanarAja bhaMsAlI - osavAla vaMza, anusaMdhAra ke Aloka meM, pR. 279-280 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 310 www.kobatirth.org 17. zivasena sUri- muhaNota 18. dhanezvara sUri- lUMkaDa 19. raviprabha sUri- lor3hA 20. devagupta sUri- lUNAvata 21. hemasUri- surANA Adi Adi / 2. gaccha ke AdhAra para gaccha ke AdhAra para osavAla ke gotroM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| gaccha ke anusAra osavaMza ke gotroM kA vargIkaraNa nimnAnusAra hai 1. upakezagaccha- prAraMbhika aTThAraha gotra 2. kharataragaccha- kaTAriyA, kAMkariyA, karaNiyA, kaThotiyA, khajAMcI, copaDAkUkaDa, copaDA, guNadhara, coraDiyA, gotechA, sAMvasukhA, pArakha, chAjeDa, jhAbaka, DAgA, DosI, pIthaliyA, dUgaDa- sUgaDa, dhADiyA, TATiyA, pagAriyA, pokaraNA, pIpADA, bAbelA, boraDa, bAphaNA (bahUphaNA), nAhaTA, botharA (bohittharA), bacchAvata, phophaliyA, mUkIma, bhAmU, bhaMsAlI, mAlU, muhaNota, rAkhecA, puMgaliyA, lalavANI, bAMThiyA, brahyecA, harakhAvata, mallAvata, rAMkA, bAMkA, ruNavAla, lUNiyA, lor3hA, AyariyA, lUNAvata, kAsaTiyA, maimeyA, sAlecAboharA, zrIpati DhaDhDhA, tilerA, sIMdhI, siMdhavI kamANI, siMdhI, sucantI, AveDA, khATeDa aura khaNDelavAla osavAlaAdi 3. sAMDera gaccha bhaNDArI 4. tapAgaccha- muhaNota Adi 5. upakeza gaccha - lUNAvata Adi 6. koraMTa gaccha - saMkalecA 7. rudrapallIgaccha- chajalAnI / ghor3Avata 8. saMkhaizvara gaccha - seTha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3. pratibodha ke sthAna ke AdhAra para - dharma ke AcAryoM ne alaga alaga sthAnoM para aneka jAti ke logoM ko alaga alaga sthAnoM para pratibodha dekara unheM jaina banAyA aura isa prakAranaye gotroM ke udbhava meM yoga diyA 1. ratanapura - kaTAriyA, mAlU, rIhaDa 2. kAMkarota- kAMkariyA 3. kaccha - karaNiyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 4. kaThautI - kaThotiyA 5. devIkoTa- khajAMcI minnI 6. khImasara- khImasarA 7. bhAravarI - gar3avAtI, bhar3agatiyA 8. khabANA - lar3A 9. aNahilapura- goThI 10. maNDora - copaDA kUkaDa, copaDa gaNadhara 11. coraDiyAgAMva - coraDiyA 12. cittoDa - sAmasukhA 13. AhaDa- pArakha 14. sivANA - chAjeDa www.kobatirth.org 15. jhAbuA jhAbaka 16. nADola - DAgA 17. vikramapura - DosI, pIthaliyA 18. vIsalapura- dUgaDa, sUgaDa 19. AghATa- dUgar3a, sUgaDa 20. mahAnagara- nAhara 21. bhInamAla- pagAriyA 22. puSkara- pokharaNA 23. pIpADa - pIpADA 24. bagaDa - bagarecA 25. bAvelA - bAvela 26. ambAgar3ha - boraDa 27. dhAra- bAphaNA / bAhuphaNA, nAhaTA 28. delavADA- votharA (bohittharA) 29. ratanapura- bhAmU 30. bhaDasAla- bhaMsAlI 31. nADola bhaNDArI 311

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312 32. kheDa- muhaNota 33. jaisalamera- rAkhecA 34. eNgala- puMgaliyA 35. raNathambhora- lalavANI, bAMThiyA, brahyecA, mallAvata 36. ruNa- ruNavAla 37. pAlI ke pAsa eka gAMva- rAMkA, bAMkA 38. neNA- lUMkaDa, zrIpati 39. multAna- lUNiyA 40. baDanagara (mUMDavA)- lor3hA 41. siMdha- AyariyA, lUNAvata, DhaDhDhA 42. saMkhavAla- saMkalecA 43. siyAlakoTa- sAlecA boharA 44. sirohI- sIMdhI, siMghavI 45. mAMDavagar3ha- kamANI siMghI, siMghavI 46. DIDara- siMghavI DIDU 47. dillI- sucantI 48. siddapura- surANA 49. pATana- AveDA 50. khATU- khATeDa 5. gotroM ke udbhUta- samaya ke AdhAra para __ saMvat vikrama saMvat 400 varSa pUrva sabhI 18 prArambhika gotra __vi.saM. 24 dUdhoriyA Adi sAtavIM zatAbdI 684 saM Arya/AyariyA Adi AThavIM zatAbdI 735 saM galUNDiyA Adi navIM zatAbdI 878 saM rAkhecA __ se 885 kuMkubhA Adi dasavIM zatAbdI 912 saM sAlecA tuNDa 933 saM 935saM chAjer3a For Private and Personal Use Only

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313 bordiyA/darar3A nakSatra Adi dUgar3a, sUgar3a, bhaNDArI, bhaNsAlI lUkar3a bAgarecA kAga kamANI siMghavI/siMghI, guMdecA pIpAr3A saMvat 954 994 gyArahavIM zatAbdI 1001 1009 1011 1026 1072 1076 bArahavIM zatAbdI 1101 1111 1132 1042 1043 1152 1156 sucantI 1167 1169 1175 1172 1176 1177 1182 1187 1192 mAlU zrIpati pagAriyA surANA, bhaNvaTa kAMkariyA garur3a goThI copar3A kUkar3a, copar3A guNadhara (jAlora ke modI) harakhAvata (kuvAr3a), bAMThiyA, lalavANI, mallAvata TAMTiyA, ghAr3IvAla brahmacA, saMkhalecA, saMkhavAlecA, Arya AyariyA, boraDa, lor3hA karaNiyA, kaNatiyA bAphaNA, nAhaTA kaTAriyA rAkhecA, puMgaliyA golecchA, gadahiyA (gadhaiyA), pArakha, coraDiyA, lUMkaDa, zAmasukhA, lUNiyA bacchAvata, phophaliyA, mukIma, pIthaliyA, botharA (bohittharA) dosI Adi AyariyA bhaNsAlI, mAlU, bhaTanerA caudharI, osatavAla vaidya, khaTeDa (khaTor3a), Aver3A 1197 1198 terahavIM zatAbdI . 1201 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 314 1204 1215 1216 1217 caudahavIM zatAbdI 1313 1371 1381 pandrahavIM zatAbdI saMvat 1475 solahavIM zatAbdI 1552 1595 satrahavIM zatAbdI 1800 aTThArahavIM zatAbdI 1727 6. nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra para www.kobatirth.org rAThauDa, khIMcI, solaMkI, khaNDelavAla, (ii) sthAna ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa bhaMDasAla se bhaMsAlI khIsarA se khIMvasarA pApA nAgora se nAgaurI meDatA se meDatavAla pUMgala se pUMgaliyA kAMkarota se kAMkariyA saMkhavAla se saMkhalecA ruNa se ruNavAla jhAbuA se jhAbaka hAla se halakhaMDI pIcholiyA chAjeDa khajAMcI, bhinna dUgaDa-sUgaDa, sAlecAboharA, gAMga, sisodiyA, tilerA saMkhavAla, saMkhalecA bAvelA karaNa ke AdhAra para bhI osavAla vaMza ke gotroM kA vibhAjana kiyA jA sakatA hai / isako nimnAnusAra upavibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai (i) pUrva jAti ke AdhAra para Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir DAgA joharI, siMghavI DIDU jhAbaka lar3A / gehalar3A pIMcA DhaDhA gemAvata rAmapuriyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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315 jAlora se jAlorI khATU se khaTola maNDora se maNDovarA sirohI se sirohiyA sAMcora se sAMcorA kucerA se kuceriyA kATeDA se koTecA aadi| (iii) pUrvaja/pramukha vyaktiyoM ke nAma ke AdhAra para lUNasiMha se lUNiyA lUNA se lUNAvata harakhacaMda se harakhAvata DuMgarasI se DUgarAnI malla se mallAvata dAssu se dassAnI khetA se khetAnI AsapAla se AsANI mAlhade se mAlU bohittha se botharA bacchAjI se bacchAvata DUMgA se DAgA goMgA se gAMga dudher3A se dudheDiyA brahmadeva se brahmecA gaddAzAha se gadiyA lAlasiMha se lalavANI pIDalA se pIthaliyA Adi 8. vyApAra-vyavasAya ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa tela se tilerA ghI se ghIyA gUgala se gUgaliyA javAharAta se jauharI boharAgata se boharA aadi| (iv) rAjakIya sevAkArya ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa khajAne kA kArya se khajAMcI For Private and Personal Use Only

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316 koThAra kA kArya se koThArI hukUmata kA kArya se hAkima modI kA kArya se modI caudharATa kA kArya se caudharI bhaNDAra ke kArya se bhaNDArI (v) padavI Adi ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa zAha, seTha, seThiyA, vaidya, pArakha, siMghavI, saMghavI Adi (vi) haMsI majAka ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa ___ gelaDA, TATiyA, hIraNa, bAghamAra, ciMcaDa, dhokA Adi 18 pUrvajAti (udbhava jAti) ke AdhAra para osavaMza ke vividha gotroM kI pUrva jAtiyAM ___ jAti vyavasthA kA janma varNavyavasthA se huA hai| mUla meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ye cAra jAtiyAM mAnakara avAntara bheda mAna liye gaye haiN| jaina sAhitya meM kevala mahApurANa meM jAti vyavasthA ko prazraya milA hai| jainadharma meM jAtivAda ko sthAna nahIM hai kintu, jaina sAhitya ke avalokana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI ke kAla se lekara jainadharma rUpI mayaMka ko jAtivAda rUpI rAhu ne grasanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| digambara jainAcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai, na deha vaMdanIya hai, na kula vaMdanIya hai, na jAti saMyukta manuSya hI vaMdanIya hai| guNahIna manuSya kI maiM vandanA kaise kruuN| aisA manuSya na zrAvaka hI ho sakatA hai na zramaNa hii| mahAvIra ke hI samAna digambara paramparA ke graMtha 'varAMgacaritra' meM kahA hai, brAhmaNa kucha candramA kI kiraNoM ke samAna zubhravarNa vAle nahIM hote, kSatriya kucha kiMzuka ke puNya ke samAna gaura varNa vAle nahIM hote, vaizya kucha haratAla ke samAna raMga vAle nahIM hote aura zUdra kucha aMgAra ke samAna kRSNa varNa vAle nahIM hote| calanA, phiranA, zarIra kA raMga, keza, sukha-dukha, rakta, tvacA, mAMsa, medA, asthi aura rasa ina saba bAtoM meM eka samAna hote haiN| pAramArthika dRSTi se jainamata meM jAtivAda ko asvIkAra kiyA hai| pAramArthika dRSTi ho yA laukika dRSTi, jAtivAda burA hai, jAti nhiiN| osavaMza ke vividha gotroM kA udgama pramukha rUpa se prArambha meM kSatriyoM aura kAlAMtara meM rAjapUtajAti se huA, kintu kAlAMtara meM anya jAtiyoM- brAhmaNa, anya vaizya varga aura kAyastha Adi jAtiyoM ne bhI choMka DAlI hai| 1. paM. phUlacaMda zAstrI, varNa, jAti aura dharma, pR 165 2. varAMgacarita 3-195 na brAhmaNAzrandra marIci zubhrA na kSatriya: kizaMku puNya gauraa| na ceha vaizyA haritAla tulyA: zUdrA nacAGgArasamAna varNA // pAda pracAre stanu varNa kezaiH sukhena dukhena ca shonniten| tvagmAMsamedo'sthirasai: samAnAzcatuH prabhedAzca kathaM bhavanti For Private and Personal Use Only

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317 kSatriyoM (gotra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra kSatriya kSatriya jAti ke mUlata: do vaMza hai- sUryavaMza aura candravaMza / mahAkavi kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM kSatriyoM ke 36 vaMzoM kI carcA kI hai| 'pRthvIrAja rAso' meM candarabaradAI ne nimna pada meM chattIsa vaMza varNita kiye haiM baMsa chattIsa ganIje bhArI, cyAra kulI kula tIna adhikaarii| saba sujAta jonIbhaga diNieM, e brahmA avizeSa visiSyiye / / ravi sasi jAdava vaMza, kAkustha paramAra sdaavr| cAhumAna cAlukya, chaMda silAra AbhIyara / / doyamata makavAna, garuja gohila gohilput| cApotkaTa parihAra, rAva rAThaura rosa jut|| devarA TAMka saiMdhava aniga, yetika pratihAra dughiSaTa, kAraTTapAla kArapAla hula, haritara gotara kalAva mada / / dhanya pAlaka nikuMbha vara, rAjapAla kviniis| kAla charakke Adi hai, varanai vaMsa chattIsa / / mohanalAla pAMDyA ne kAkuststha ko kachavAhA, sadAvara ko taMvara, chaMda ko caMdela aura doyamata ko dAyamA likhA hai| isa sUcI meM varNita rojasuta, anaMga, yotikA, dadhiSTa, kAraTTapAla, koTapAla, harItaTa, kaimAza, dhAnyapAla aura rAjapAla Adi nahIM milate jabaki vaisa, bhATI, jhAlA aura seMgara Adi vaMza isa sUcI meM nahIM hai| karnala TADa ko chattIsa kuloM kI bhinna pAMca sUciyAM milI - (1) nADola ke jaina maMdira ke yati se, (2) pRthvIrAja rAso se, (3) kumArapAla carita se, (4) khIciyoM ke bhATa se aura (5) bhATiyoM ke bhATa se| isake AdhAra para karnala TADa kI saMzodhita sUcI nimnAnusAra hai1. gahalota 2.yAdava 3. tuAra 4. rAThaura 5. kachavAhA 6. paramAra 7. cauhAna 8. cAluka yA solaMkI 9. pratihAra (parihAra) 10. cAvar3A 11. TAMka 12. jiTa 13. hUNa 14. kaTTI 15. ballA 16. jhAlA 17. jaiTavA 18. gohila 19. sarvayA 20. silaTa 21. DAbI 22. gaura 23. Dor3A 24. geharavAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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318 25. candelA 26. vIragunara 27. seMgara 28. sikaravAla 29. vaisa 30. dahiyA 31. johiyA 32. mohila 33. nikumbha 34. rAjapAlI 35. dAhariyA 36. dAhimA eka kavi ke eka dohe ke anusAra chattIsa kuloM meM dasa kula sUryavaMzI, dasa candravaMzI, cAra agnivaMzI aura eka eka nAgavaMza aura bhUmivaMza ke haiM dasa rati se dasa caMda se dvAdasa RSi pramANa cAra hutAsana yajJa se, yaha chatrIsa kula jaan| sUryavaMza1. maurI (sUryavaMzI) 2. nikumbha (zrIniketa) 3. raghuvaMzI 4. kachavAhA 5. baDagUjara 6. gahalota (sisodiyA) 7. rAThaura (gaharavAra) 8. raikatAra 9. gaur3a 10. nimi (kaTahariyA) candravaMza1. vaduvaMzI (jAdauna, bhATI, jAr3ecA) 2. somavaMzI 3. taMvara (kaTiyAra) 4. caMdela 5. karacula (hehaya) 6. baisa (pAyar3a) 7. polaca 8. vAcchita 9. vanAphara 10. jhAlA (makavAnA) agnivaMzI1. parihAra 2.paramAra 3. solaMkI 4.cauhAna RSivaMzI1. seMgara 2. kanupariyA 3. visaina 4. gautama 5. dIkSita 6. puNDIra 7. dhAkare (bhRguvaMzI) 8. gaMgavaMzI 9. paDiyArina 10. dAhimA nAgavaMza1. TAMka (takSaka) bhUmivaMza1. kaToca yA kaTokSa isameM agnivaMzI, nAgavaMzI, bhUmivaMzI kevala AlaMkArika nAma haiN| RSivaMzI bhI kahanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki sabhI kSatriya RSiyoM kI saMtAna hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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319 sUryavaMza sUryavaMziyoM kI utpatti vivasvAna (sUrya) se mAnI jAtI hai| brahmAjI ke putra mArIca hue, mArIca ke kazyapa hue aura kazyapa kI rAnI aditi se sUrya kI utpatti huI, jise vivasvAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| vivasvAna ke putra manu the| manu ke dasa putroM meM pRthu, harizcandra, dilIpa, raghu, dazaratha, rAmacandra, zuddhodhana aura siddhArtha jaise rAjA aura mahApuruSa hue| sUryavaMza ke raghuvaMzI uttarapradeza ke phaijAbAda, banArasa, jaunapura, Ajamagar3ha, gaur3A, sultAnapura, madhyapradeza ke satanA aura bihAra, rAjasthAna, AsAma aura caNDIgar3ha ke AsapAsa rahate haiN| nimi vaMzavaivasvata manu ke eka putra nimi (mithi) kI santAna hai| mithilA ke zAsakoM kI upAdhi janaka bhI hai| sIradhvaja janaka kI putrI sItA kA vivAha rAmacandra se huA aura dUsarI putrI urmilA kA vivAha lakSmaNa se huaa| choTe bhAI kuzadhvaja kI putrI mAMDavI bharata ke sAtha aura dUsarI putrI zrutakIrti kA vivAha zatrughna se huaa| yaha vaMza bihAra prAnta ke uttarI jiloM meM nivAsa karatA hai| ikSvAku vaMza ke prasiddha rAjA nikumbha se vaMza claa| inhoMne bambaI ke pAsa khAnadeza meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba rAjasthAna ke jayapura, alavara, bihAra ke ArA, chaparA, vaizAlI, mujaphpharapura tathA uttarapradeza ke gorakhapura, Ajamagar3ha, baliyA, jaunapura, gAjIpura, rAyabarelI, haradoI, pharrukhAbAda aura kAnapura meM basate haiM / isa vaMza kA rAjya pahale zrInagara meM thA, rudrapura kA rAjya inheM daheja meM milA aura unavala kA rAjya inhoMne bAda meM jIta liyaa| isake atirikta isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba uttarapradeza ke uparokta sthAnoM ke atirikta baliyA, gAjIpura, bastI aura bihAra ke mujaphpharapura, bhAgalapura, chaparA aura darabhaMgA Adi jiloM meM basate haiN| nAgavaMza, sUryavaMzI rAjA zeSanAga kA vaMza hai| mahAbhAratakAla meM ye gaMgA yamunA ke bIca aura kurukSetra aura dillI ke AsapAsa khANDava vana meM basate the| nAgavaMziyoM kA phojI dvIpa para zAsana hone ke pramANa mile haiN| arjuna ne nAgarAjA kI putrI ulUkI se vivAha kiyA thaa| mathurA, mAravAr3a aura kAzmIra para sAtavIM se nauvI zatAbdI taka, bastara para nauvIM zatAbdI meM, yelavargA, bhAgevatI aura nijAma rAjya para dasavIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka inakA rAjya thaa| aba isa vaMza ke kSatriya bihAra ke rAMcI, hajArIbAga, mujaphpharapura jiloM, AsAma, baMgAla, madhyapradeza, kAzmIra aura dakSiNa bhArata meM basate haiN| karnATaka meM yaha karnATaka kSatriya kahalAte haiN| isakI upazAkhA TAMka vaMza ke kSatriya Takka deza (paMjAba) meM rahate the| isakI eka zAkhA paMcakarTaka kiMcita mAtra meM paMjAba, rAjasthAna meM basate haiN| gohilavaMza gahalota vaMza kI zAkhA hai| sisodiyA bhI gahalota vaMza kI zAkhA hai| yaha vaMza rAma ke putra lava kA vaMza hai| rAThaur3a vaMza kI utpatti mucakuMda rAThaur3a se huii| bhATa isakI utpatti hiraNyakazyapa kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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320 rAnI dIti se utpanna mAnate haiN| rAThaur3a vaMza prAcIna rASTrakUTa vaMza kI hI zAkhA hai| gautamavaMza ko aneka graMthoM meM vizuddha sUryavaMzI mAnA hai| isI vaMza meM mahArANA zAkyasiMha jI hue, isaliye ise zAkyavaMza bhI kahate haiN| isI vaMza meM gautama buddha hue| ye uttarapradeza ke gAjIpura, phatahapura, pratApagar3ha pharrukhAbAda, gorakhapura, banArasa baharAica Adi aura bihAra meM ArA, chaparA, daramaMgA aura madhyapradeza ke rAyapura Adi jiloM meM basate haiN| paramAroM ko zatruoM ko mArane ke kAraNa pramAra yA pa~vAra bhI kahA gayA hai| candarabaraMdAI aura sUryamalamizraNa inheM agnivaMzI, videzI vidvAna inheM videzI mAnate haiN| zrI haranAmasiMha cauhAna inheM mauryavaMza kI zAkhA mAnate haiN| cAvar3AvaMza ko cApotkara, cApotkaTa yA cApavaMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| kAThiyAvAr3a ke haDDAlA grAma se mile 914 I ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha vaMza zaMkara kI cApa se utpanna hue| isake vaMzaja ziva ke pujArI haiN| kucha vidvAna inheM gurjara kahate haiN| muhaNauta naiNasI, kalyANasiMha parihAra aura jagadIzasiMha gahalota inheM paramAroM kI zAkhA mAnate haiN| inakA zAsana thor3e samaya taka bhInamAla para bhI rhaa| mAgha bhInamAla kA nivAsI thaa| usane 'zizupAla vadha' meM likhA hai ki usakA dAdA subhadeva bhInamAla kA rAjA cAvar3A kA mukhyamaMtrI thaa|' parihAroM se parAjita hone ke pazcAt 821 I meM vanarAja cAvar3A ne anahilapura (pATana) ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| vanarAja, yogarAja, khemarAja, bhUyodarAja, vairisiMha, ratnAditya aura sAmantasiMha anahila ke cAvar3A nareza hue| DoDavaMza ko DoDa, DoDiyA aura DoDeyA bhI kahate haiN| aisA kahate haiM ki agnivaMzI kuloM kI taraha eka kele ke phUla se eka puruSa utpanna huA, use DoDeyA yA DoDa kahA gyaa| yaha kapola kalpita hai| aba isa vaMza ke kSatriya saradAragar3ha (mevAr3a) ke atirikta, madhyapradeza meM pIpalodA, DAMNI, gudanakher3A aura campAnera Adi riyAsatoM meM basate haiN| isake atirikta ye uttara pradeza ke murAdAbAda, gAjiyAbAda, bulandazahara, meraTha, alIgar3ha, bAMdA tathA madhyapradeza ke pannA aura sAgara aura kahIM kahIM paMjAba meM bhI milate haiN| kacchavAhA vaMzako kacchapaghAta yA kacchapari bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhagavAna rAma ke dvitIya putra kuza kA vaMza hai| parihAra vaMza ko panihAra, parihAra, paDiyAra yA gurjaravaMza bhI kahate haiN| candarabaradAI ne inheM agnivaMzI aura videzI vidvAnoM ne inheM videzI mAnA hai| yaha rAma ke anuja lakSmaNa kA vaMza SaDagUjara vaMza ko karnala TADa zakoM aura haNoM kI saMtAna mAnate haiN| 'bIkAnera vaMzAvalI', 'kSatriya vaMza prakAza' aura 'kSatriya vaMza bhAskara' meM ise lava kA vaMza mAnA gayA hai| kucha vidvAna ise pratihAra vaMza kI zAkhA kahakara lakSmaNa kA vaMza kahate haiN| isa samaya isa vaMza ke kSatriya uttarapradeza ke meraTha, bulandazahara, gAjiyAbAda, eTA, iTAvA, mainapurI, alIgaDha, pharrukhAbAda, 1. mAgha, zizupAla vadha, sarga 20, zloka 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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321 badAyU, murAdAbAda, hariyANA ke gur3agAMva aura rAjasthAna ke jayapura, alavara aura bIkAnera jiloM meM basate haiN| mAhezvarI tApar3iyA isI vaMza se nikale haiN| sikaravAra aura maDADha bhI bar3agUjaroM kI zAkhA hai| gaur3avaMza rAma ke laghu bhrAtA bharata kA vaMza hai| gaMdharva zabda ne hI sambhavata: gaur3a bnaa| cauhAna vaMza ko candarabaradAI, muhaNauta naiNasI aura sUryamalamizraNa ne agnivaMzI mAnA hai| karnala TADa aura smitha sabhI tathAkathita agnivaMziyoM ko videzI mAnate haiN| rAmakRSNa bhaNDArakara ne cauhAnoM kI vatsagotrI brAhmaNoM kI santAna mAnA hai| vAstava meM ye vizuddha sUryavaMzI haiN| khIMcI aura sonagarA Adi bhI cauhAnoM kI zAkhAeM haiN| vaisavaMza vasati janapada ke mahArAjA vAsu ke vaMzadhara hI vaisa vaMza ke kahe jAte haiN| harSavardhana isI vaMza kA hai| harSavardhana ke pazcAt isI vaMza meM prasiddha rAjA huaa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya uttarapradeza ke mainapurI, erA, badAyUM, alIgaDha, kAnapura, bAMdA, hamIrapura, ilAhAbAda, pharrukhAbAda, ajayagar3ha, jaunapura, gAjIpura, phaijAbAda, gorakhapura, unnAda, rAyavarelI aura bihAra meM sAraNa jile meM basate haiN| dAhimA vaMza : jodhapura jile meM goTha aura mAMgaloda ke bIca dadhimAtA kA maMdira hai| ojhA jI ke anusAra isa maMdira ke kSetra ke rAjapUta dAhime rAjapUta khlaaye|' pRthvIrAja cauhAna kA senApati kaimAsa dAhimA vaMza kA thaa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya jilA meraTha ke bAgapata tahasIla meM basate haiN| isa vaMza kI kevala eka riyAsata jasamaura rAjya hai| aba isa vaMza ke kSatriya uttarapradeza ke sahAranapura, mujaphpharapura, mainapurI, iTAvA aura alIgaDha jiloM meM basate haiN| dahiyA vaMza maharSi dadhici kI saMtAna hai| mahArAjA bilhaNa dahiyA vaMza kA sabase zaktizAlI rAjA rahA hai| isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba rAjasthAna ke nivAsI bhI haiN| dIkSita vaMza ko kucha itihAsakAroM ne caMdravaMza kI zAkhA mAnA hai, jo ThIka nahIM hai| prAcIna samaya meM inakA rAjya ayodhyA meM honA siddha hotA hai| ayodhyA ke rAjA durgabhAva ne apanA rAjya gujarAta meM sthApita kiyA thaa| ujjaina ke mahArAjA vikramAditya ne inheM dIkSita kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| isake atirikta sUryavaMza ke visenavaMza ke bhabhUrabhaTa ne karnATaka pradeza ke pallavoM ko harAkara apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya ilAhAbAda, gorakhapura, goMDA, phaijAbAda, pratApagar3ha, bAMdA, jaunapura, banArasa, gAjIpura, Ajayagar3ha Adi jiloM meM basate haiN| kAnanavaMza, sUryavaMza kAeka prAcIna vaMza hai| ye koMkaNa se Ae isaliye inheM kAnanavaMza kahate haiN| ye yU.pI. ke gAjIpura, baliyA, Ajayagar3ha aura bihAra ke ArA, chaparA, dAyaMgA aura mujaphpharapura jiloM meM basate haiN| isake atirikta DogarA vaMza (kazmIra ke) aura guptavaMza bhI vizuddha sUryavaMzI kSatriya the| 1. gau.hI. ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR 270 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 322 www.kobatirth.org sUryavaMza kI vaMzAvaliyAM T zrI nArAyaNa brahmAjI marIci atri (atri vaMza) kazyapa vivasvAna (sUrya) vaivasvata manu ikSvAku nRga zaryAti ghRNTa karuSa nAriSyanta nabhaga kavi ila ikSvAkuvaMza apara nAma nimi vikukSi Adi (nimi vaMza) T puraMjaya vizvagaMdha Ardra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yuvanAzva zrAvasta 1 dhuMdhamAra I dRDhAzca haryazva nikuMbha (nikuMbha vaMza) For Private and Personal Use Only

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323 1. nimi 2. mithi 3. janaka 4. udAvasu 5. naMdivarddhana 6. ketu 7. devarAta 8. bRhadratha 9. mahAvIrya 10. sudhRti 11. ghRSTaketu 12. harya 13. maruta 14. pratIpa 15. kRtaratha 16. devabhIDha 17. vistRta nimi vaMza 18. mahApRti 19. kRtirAta 20. mahAroya 21. svarNaroyA 22. hasvaroyA 23. sIradhvana 24. kuzadhvaja 25. dharmadhvana 26. kRtadhvana 27. kezIdhvaja 28. bAhumAna (bhAnumAna) 29. ariSTanemi 30. zrutAyu 31. supArzva 32. citraratha 33. kSemadhI 34. samaratha iti nimivaMza nikuMbha vaMza 17. sakkAma 18. sudAsa 19. azmaka 20. mUlaka 21. satyavrata (dazaratha) 22. aiDaviDa 23. vizvasaha 24. khaTavAMga 25. dIrghabAhu 26. trizaMku 27. harizcandra 28. rohita 29. harita 30. campa 31.vijaya 32. bhasaka 35. urdhvaketu 36.somaratha 37. satyaratha 38. uyaguru 39. upagupta 40. ekanagupta 41. yuyudhAna 42. subhASaNa 43. zrutasena 44. nayasena (jaya) 45. vijaya 46. Ardra (Rju) 47. zunaka 48. vItahavya 49. ghRti 50. bahulAzva 51. kRti 1. nikuMbha 2. bRhaNAzva 3. senajita 4. yuvanAzva 5. mAndhAtA 6. purukutsa 7. anaraNya 8. vidhenvA 9.trayyAruNa 10.satyakrata 11. nAbhAga 12. ambarISa 13. sindhudvIpa 14. AyutAyu 15. RtuparNa 16. nala 33. vRka 34. bAhuka (asita) 35. sagara 36. kezI 37. asamaMjasa 38.aMzumAna 39. dilIpa 40. bhagIratha 41. zrutasena 42. dilIpa 43. raghu 44. aja 45. dazaratha 46. rAmacaMdra For Private and Personal Use Only

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324 rAmAyaNa ke pAtroM ke pramukha vaMza/vaMzanAma lakSmaNa bharata zatrughna parihAra/pratihAra vaMza gautamavaMza gauDavaMza lava kuza gahalota vaMza rAThaur3a vaMza hanumAna kA vaMza ( kesarI vaMza) caMdravaMza caMdravaMza dUsare putra atri kI saMtAna hai| atri kI dharmapatnI anusUyA kA jyeSTha putra soma thaa| soma kA vaMza hone se yaha candravaMza khlaayaa| atri kA putra soma, soma kA putra budha, budha kA putra pururuvA, pururuvA kA putra Ayu, Ayu kA putra nahuSa, nahuSa kA putra yayAti, yayAti kA putra puru, aura puru kA putra janamejaya huaa| duSyaMta, bharata, zAntanu isI kula meM hue| zAntanu kI patnI gaMgA se bhISma aura rAnI satyavatI se citrAMgada aura vicitravIrya utpanna hue| candravaMza se yaduvaMza, haihayavaMza, jAr3ecA vaMza, caMdela vaMza, taMvara vaMza, seMgara vaMza, gaharavAra vaMza, bundelAvaMza, jhAlAvaMza, solaMkI vaMza, baghela vaMza aura banAphara vaMza nikle| somavaMza prAcIna vaMza hai| hastinApura kA rAjya chUTane ke pazcAt ina kSatriyoM ne jhUsI (prayAga ke pAsa) rAjya sthApita kiyaa| yaha terahavIM zatAbdI taka claa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba uttarapradeza ke pratApagar3ha, goMDA, rAyabarelI, haradoI, sItApura, pharrukhAbAda, kAnapura, barelI, phaijAbAda, zAhajahAMpura, jaunapura, ilAhAbAda, bihAra aura paMjAba ke katipaya sthAnoM meM milate haiN| isa vaMza kI zAkhAeM puruvaMza, haridvAra kSatriya, durvasuvaMza, drahayUvaMza, pAMcAlavaMza, zalyavaMza, kAzyavaMza, kaNva vaMza, kauzika vaMza, janavAra vaMza, palavA vaMza, bhAradvAja aura bhRguvaMza hai| mahArAjA yayAti ke do rAniyAM thii| pahalI rAnI devayAnI (zukrAcArya kI putrI) do putroM meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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325 (1) yadu se yAdava vaMza (2) durvasu se durvasu vaMza dUsarI rAnI zarmiSThA ke putroM se (1) drahayU- drahayUvaMza (2) anu se- anuvaMza (3) puru- puruvaMza pAMcAla vaMza - pAMcAla nareza mahArAjA hastI se pAMcAlavaMza prArambha huaa| dhRSTadyumna arjuna kA sAlA thaa| zalyavaMza - candravaMza ke chiyAlasaveM zAsaka pratApa se claa| kAzyavaMza - pururuvA se kAzyavaMza prArambha huaa| kaNva vaMza- yayAti se kaNva vaMza kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai| pururuvA se kauzika vaMza claa| janavAra vaMza - meM gAdhi aura gAdhiputra vizvAmitra hue| rAjA janamejaya ke vaMzaja janavAra kSatriya khlaaye| palavAravaMza - pAlI (jilA) haradoI ke rahane vAle palavAra kSatriya kahalAte haiN| bhAradvAja vaMza - kucha kSatriya bhAradvAja RSi ke Azrama meM cale gaye, ve bhAradvAja kSatriya kahalAte haiN| bhRguvaMza - bhRgu RSi meM jina RSiyoM ne dIkSA lI, ve kSatriya bhRgu kSatriya kahalAte haiN| kAkatIya vaMza kuMtIputra arjuna kA vaMza hai| isa vaMza ke kSatriyoM ne anmakor3e (hanumakor3e) meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| bAda meM inakA rAjya bahamanI rAjya meM milA diyA gyaa| kAkatIyavaMza - kAkatIya kSatriyoM ne yahA~ se jAkara bastara meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| vacchilazAkhA - somavaMza kI zAkhA vAcchila mathurA bulandazahara aura zAhajahA~pura meM milate haiN| jarauliyA zAkhA ke vaMzaja bulandazahara meM milate haiN| yaduvaMza- yaha candravaMza kI sabase bar3I zAkhA hai| zrIkRSNa isI vaMza ke the| caMdravaMzIya rAjA yayAti kI putrI devayAnI se yadu kA janma huA thA, isI ke nAma se yaduvaMza claa| ___ koSThu vaMza yadu ke dUsare putra koSThu se claa| yaduvaMza kI paramparA meM sAtvata hue, unase sAtvata vaMza claa| sAtvata vaMza kI paramparA meM punarvAsa ke putra Ahuka aura putrI AhukI huii| Ahuka ke do putra the- devaka aura ugrasena / mathurA kA yaha vaMza aMdhaka vaMza kahalAtA thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 326 vRSNivaMza- sAtvata ke choTe putra vRSNi se vRSNivaMza claa| isI vaMza meM surasena kI putrI pRthA (kuMtI) kA vivAha rAjA pANDu se huA thA / surasena kI pAMca putriyAM thI- pRthA, zrutakIrti, zrutadevI, zrutazravA, aura raajaadhidevii| isameM zrutazravA se sunIta (zizupAla ) kA janma huA thA, jisaka vadha zrIkRSNa ne kiyaa| sUrasena ke hI putra vasudeva devaka kI putrI devakI se huA thA / vasudeva kI dUsarI rAnI rohiNI se balarAma kA janma huA / yaduvaMza ke bAre meM itihAsakAroM kA vicAra hai ki zrIkRSNa kA pUrA vaMza unake jIvanakAla meM hI samApta ho gayA / yAdavoM ke prAcIna kAla meM bar3e bar3e sAmrAjya the, jaise maisUra aura karaulI / ojhA jI ke anusAra musalamAnoM ke pUrva inake rAjya dakSiNI kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha aura rAjapUtAnA ke Adi meM the / yaduvaMziyoM kA dvArikA kI tarapha se dakSiNa meM jAnA likhA milatA hai| prAcIna tAmrapatra, zilAlekha aura pustakoM meM inakA itihAsa milatA hai| yaduvaMza kI zAkhAeM siMghena, hoyasala, jAdauna, DArI, kharabar3a, khAgara, chokara aura Adi haiN| vaMza kI utpatti ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| svayaM haihayavaMzI ise sisodiyA vaMza kI zAkhA mAnate haiM, kintu eka tAmrapatra meM ise caMdravaMzIya rAjA bharata kI saMtAna mAnA hai| yadu ke jyeSTha putrasahasrAjita ke putra zatAjita thA / zatAjita kA putra haihaya thA / aba isa vaMza ke kSatriya uttarapradeza ke baliyA, bihAra aura Andhrapradeza meM milate haiM / bhATI vaMza ko bhaTTI vaMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| devAsa meM 1183 I ke eka zilAlekha meM zrI kRSNa kI 606vIM pIr3hI meM vijayapAla ke vaMzajoM meM gajapAla, zAlivAhana aura bhATI hue / bhATI ke dvArA hI yaha vaMza bhATI vaMza claa| jaisalamera para bhATI narezoM kA rAjya rahA hai| jAr3ecA vaMza ko jAr3ejA vaMza bhI kahate haiN| lAhaura ke rAjA bAlaMda ke bAraha kuMvaroM meM sabhI jI ne parihAroM kI jAma padavI chIna lI, isake kAraNa ise jAma + jyA jAr3ecA yA jAr3ejA kahA gayA / inakI riyAsateM rAjakoTa, kacchasTeTa, navAnagara, goMDAla sTeTa, moravI sTeTa aura goMdala hai| candela vaMza ko karnala TADa videzI vaMza mAnate haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise rAThaur3a aura sisodiyoM kI zAkhA mAnA hai| isake bAre meM eka loka kathA hai ki kAzI ke mahArAjA indrajIta rAjapurohita hemarAja kI solahavarSIya putrI hemAvalI ratipuNya nAmaka sthAna meM jalakrIr3A kara rahI thI, taba bhagavAna candra ke saMsarga se candrabrahma hue, unhIM ke kAraNa yaha vaMza caMdela vaMza kahalAyA / khajurAho ke vikrama saMvat 1059 ke eka lekha ke anusAra atri ke netrakamala se candramA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| isase candrAletra yA candelavaMza kI utpatti huii| candela rAjA yazovaryana kannoja ko rAjadhAnI banAkara apanA rAjya rAjasthAna se baMgAla tathA uttara meM tibbata taka vistRta kara diyA thA / isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba kAnapura, mirjApura, jaunapura, baliyA, bAMdA, sItApura, phaijAbAda, Ajayagar3ha, ilAhAbAda, banArasa, unnAkSa aura haradoI Adi jiloM meM base haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

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327 taMvaravaMza kA nAma mahAbhArata ke yuddha ke uparAnta aayaa| isa vaMza ke bAre meM kathA hai ki parIkSita ke putra janamejaya ne nAgajAti ko hI samApta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usa samaya eka nAgavaMzIya RSi ne janamejaya ko samajhAyA taba eka yajJa meM janamejaya kA putra pautrAdi dIkSita hue| unheM maharSi 'tura' ne dIkSita kiyA, isaliye ve taMvara (tomara) khlaaye| 'pRthvIrAja rAso' meM bhI tevaroM ko candravaMzIya mAnA hai| rAjasthAna ke sIkara kI tahasIla nIma kA thAnA, jayapura kI tahasIla koTaputalI aura alavara ke kucha kSetroM meM taMvara adhika hai isaliye ise torAvATI (taMvaravaTI) bhI kahate haiN| isakI kaI zAkhAeM haiN| seMgaravaMza ke sabase prasiddha rAjA bali the| inake pAMca putra bAleya kahalAe 1. aMga 2. baMga 3. sahaya 4. kaliMga 5. puNDUka aMgadeza kaliMga deza kI sthApanA kI kI sthApanA kI aMgavaMza paramparA meM 20vA~ vikarNa huaa| vikarNa ke 100 putra hone se ve zatakarNI khlaae| zatakarNI kA hI apabhraMza seMgarI siMgara, seMgara huaa| cedi inakA rAjya thaa| isa vaMza kA siMroja (mAlavA) para kaI varSoM taka rAjya rhaa| gaharavAra vaMza ko kucha vidvAna rAThaur3oM se utpanna mAnate haiN| karnala TADa ise videzI mAnate haiN| vastuta: yaha vizuddha caMdravaMzI hai / isa vaMza kA udaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM mirjApura ke pahAr3I kSetroM meM hue| guphA meM rahane ke kAraNa ye guhAvAla yA gaharavAra khlaae| jayacaMda isI vaMza kA rAjA thaa| jayacaMda ke sAtha hI yaha vaMza samApta ho gyaa| isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba uttarapradeza ke ilAhAbAda, banArasa, mirjApura, gAjIpura, tathA bihAra ke rAMcI rAmagaDha, palAgU, gayA, darabhaMgA, zAlAbAda, vaizAlI aura mujaphpharapura jiloM meM basate haiN| bundailA gaharavAra vaMza kI zAkhA hai jhAlAvaMza kI utpatti ke bAre meM matabheda hai| karnala TADa na ise sUryavaMzI, na caMdravaMzI aura na agnivaMzI mAnate haiN| vAstava meM yaha vaMza candravaMzIya hai, jo makavAnA kSatriyoM se utpanna hai| jhAlAvAr3a para jhAlA narezoM kA rAjya rhaa| solaMkI vaMza ko prAcIna graMthoM, tAmrapatroM aura zilAlekhoM meM colukya, culukya, calukya, cAluvadha, culuvaka aura culuga vaMza mAnA hai| karnala TADa ise agnivaMzI mAnate haiN| solaMkI kSatriyoM ke do vaMza haiM- uttara ke solaMkI, dakSiNa ke solNkii| baghelavaMza bhI isI kI zAkhA hai| __ banApharavaMzako karnala TADa ne yaduvaMza kI zAkhA mAnA hai| ambikAprasAda divya ise lakSmaNa kA vaMza mAnate haiN| inake anusAra banAphara inakI upAdhi thii| vahvideva kI acchI sevA karane ke kAraNa ye banApharavaMzI khlaae| vAstava meM yaha pANDuputra bhIma kA vaMza hai| hiDimbA ke putra se yaha vaMza claa| isa vaMza ke loga aba uttarapradeza meM jAdauna, hammIrapura, bAMdA, banArasa, For Private and Personal Use Only

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328 gAjIpura, bihAra ke gayA aura rAMcI jiloM meM basate haiN| jaganika kRta 'paramAlarAso' meM isI ke vIroM kI prazasti hai / caMdravaMza kI anya zAkhAeM- kAnhavaMzI kSatriya, rakaselA kSatriya, kaTocavaMza, copaTa khambha kSatriya, gargavaMza Adi haiM / candravaMza kI prAcIna zAkhAoM meM maukharI vaMza hai| azvapati ne 100 putra prApta kiye| azvapati ke eka vaMzaja mukhara yA mokharI thA / candravaMza ke eka puruSa sAmantasena se yaha vaMza claa| yadu yadu yA yAdava vaMza pAMDyavaMza kA pANDava vaMza kI zAkhA mAnA gayA hai| candravaMzIya tIna bhAiyoM pAMDya cola aura ceri se tIna vaMza cale / or3achA nareza kA mUla sthAna vakATa (vartamAna nAgAra) ke nAma sevAkATaka vaMza claa| pallava vAkATaka vaMza kI zAkhA kilI vallana kA vivAha maNi pallava kI putrI pilivalaya ke sAtha huaa| mAtA ke nAma se yaha vaMza pallava vaMza claa| pAMDuputra yudhiSThira ke putra kA nAma yauddheya thA, jisake nAma se yauddheya vaMza claa| magadha ke aMtima zAsaka ripuMjaya ke kevala eka putrI thii| usake pradyota kA vivAha rAjakumArI se kara diyaa| pradyota ke nAma se eka vaMza pradyota vaMza claa| isane magadha para kula 138 varSa rAjya kiyA / zizunAgavaMza meM bimbasAra aura ajAtazatru hue| zizubANa vaMza ke anta meM naMda vaMza ne magadha para adhikAra kiyaa| devayAnI se durvasu durvasu vaMza caMdravaMza / atri 1 samudra candra (soma) caMdravaMza Ayu pururuvA nahuSa yayAti Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir drahyU hyU vaMza dharmapatnI anusUyA kauzika vaMza zarmiSThA se anu anuvaMza For Private and Personal Use Only puru puruvaMza yA kauzika vaMza

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329 janamejaya (janavAra vaMza) prAcIravAna pravIra manasyu cArupada sudhanvA bahugava saMyAti ahayAti raudAzva (dasa putra) ratinAra sumati kaNva kaNva vaMza Ayu dhImAna . pururuvA kA vaMza amAvasu zrAyu bhIma zatAyu apatAyu kAcana suhotra jahva ajaka lalAkAzva kuza kuzAmba For Private and Personal Use Only

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330 gAdhi (kauzika) vizvAmitra (kauzika vaMza) puruvaMza kI vaMza paramparA puru ke vaMzaja pANDu yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula, sahadeva (kAkatIya vaMza) mahArAja janamejaya janavAra vaMza taMvara vaMza maharSi tura ne dIkSita kiyA yaduvaMza yadu koSThu nIla aMjika raghu koNTu vaMza sahasrAjita isI paramparA meM sAtvata se sAtvata vaMza choTA putra vRSNi vRNNi vaMza vRSNi (vRSNi vaMza) vaMza paramparA meM surasena pAMca putriyA~ dasa putra vasudeva, devAbhAgA, devazravA, anAvRSThi, kuvi, naMdi, sakRdyaza, zyAma, samIra, zaMsasyu For Private and Personal Use Only

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331 zrI kRSNa pRthA- arjuna kI mAtA zrutakIrti zrutadevI zrutazravA rAjAdhidevI puru ke vaMzaja mahAbhoja hRdika devabhoDha ahidyota punarvasu Ahuka (aMdhaka vaMza) devaka ugrasena yaduvaMza kI zAkhAeM yaduvaMza bhATIvaMza hehayavaMza jAr3ecAvaMza ATha zAkhAeM yadu ke jyeSTha putra 1. yadu- karaulI ke rAjA sahasrAjita ke putra 2. bhATI- jaisalamera ke rAjA zatAjita se 3. jAr3ecA- kacchabhuja ke rAjA 4. samecA- sindha ke nivAsI 5. muDecA - 6. vidabhana / ajJAta 7. baddA 8. sohA - For Private and Personal Use Only

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332 koSThuvaMza yadu ke putra koNThu se koNThuka vajrinavAna svAhi citraratha pRthuzravA suyazA usanA titikSu (titikSu vaMza) koSTuvaMza kI vaMza paramparA meM bali aga ___baMga . kaliMga suhya pauNDU dadhivAhana diviratha dharmaratha citraratha dazaratha (lobhapAda) caturaMga pRthulAbha campa haryasva For Private and Personal Use Only

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333 bhadraratha vRhatkarmA vRhadagarbha vRhanmanA jayadartha dRr3haratha karNa vikarNa- (saukarNa- zatakarNI se) (seMgaravaMza) kSatriya (gotra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra zrI bhUtor3iyA ne nimnAMkita osavaMza ke gotra kSatriyoM se nisRta mAne haiN| 1.zreSThi/vaidya/veda/mehatA/mUthA 2. jhAbaka/jhabaka/jhammar3a/jammar3a 3. bAphanA/bahuphaNA/nApanA 4. nAhaTA 5. koceTA/koTecA 6. betAlA 7. sAMbhara/sAmara/catura sAmbhara 8. kumbhaTa 9. siMghI (murzidAbAda ke baladotA siMdhI) 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, 23 aura 74 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 334 10. rAjakoSThAgAra/ rAyakoThArI 11. kAvar3iyA www.kobatirth.org 12. 13. vinAyakiyA 14. gAMdhI / gAMdhI mehatA / rAyagAMdhI 15. paTavA prArambhika sabhI 18 gotra tAter3a, bAphaNA, karaNAvaTa, balAhA, morakha, kalahaTa, virahaTa, zrI zrImAla, zreSThi, saMceti, AdityanAga, bhUri bhahu, ciMcaTa, kumaTa, DiDU, kannojiyA aura laghu zreSTha aura inakI ja zAkhAoM pahale mahAjana kahalAte the, ve osavaMzI gotra ho gaye aura ye sabhI gotra vividha kSatriyoM se vIra saMvat 70 meM hI sthApita ho gaye / rAjapUtakAla meM ina gotroM ko pratibodhita kiyA, saMsthApita nahIM / AcArya zrI ratnaprabhasUri ne osiyA ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para kucha gotroM caraDa, sughar3a, luMga, gahiyA, Arya, kAma, garur3a, sAlecA, bAgarecA, copar3A, saphalA, nakSatra, Abhar3a, chAvata, tuNDa, padaboliyA, hathaMDiyA, maNDovarA, gudecA, chAjer3a, aura rAkhecA aura inakI zAkhAoM ko pratibodhita kiyA, yaha sabhI kSatriya the / gotra 1. kAMkariyA 1142 jinavallabhasUri kharatara 2. TAMTiyA 1169 jinadattasUri kharatara kharatara 3. dhAr3IvAla 1169 jinadattasUri 4. phophaliyA 1197 jinadattasUri kharatara kharatara 1197 jinadattasUri kharatara bhAvadevasUra upakeza Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isake atirikta vividha gacchoM ke aneka AcAryoM ne jina jina gotroM kI sthApanA kI, unake pUrvapuruSoM kI jAtiyoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai, isaliye jaba taka vivaraNa jJAta nahIM ho to unakI pUrva jAti ko kSatriya (gotra jJAta nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / osavaMza ke katipaya gotra jo kSatriyoM se nisRta hue, unake vivaraNa upalabdha haiMsamvata AcArya gaccha pratibodhita vyakti 5. bacchAvata 1197 jinadattasUri 6. botharA (bohittharA) 7. bAThiyA 912 sthAna kAMkarola bhImasiMha sAMvala jI DeDUjI samadhara For Private and Personal Use Only - bacchAjI bacchAjI paramA rAvamadhu devAdi (AbU ke pAsa)

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 8. mukIma 9. vaidya ' 10. jhammar3a (jhAmar3a) 11. nAhaTA 12. siMghI' saMvat 109 baladotA www.kobatirth.org 1197 jinadattasUri kharatara 1201 jinadattasUri kharatara pradyotanasUri pradyotanasUra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir cittor3a jhabuA rAmasINa cAhaDadeva savAIma dUlhA jayasena sAMvalajI nagara. rAmasINa bAlAtadeva nagara sva bhrAtA rAma bhadrastha pratihArya kRtaM sataH // zrI pratihAra vaDa zoyamata zrInnati mApyuyAta // 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, pR74-75 2. vahI, pR91 3. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 39 parihAra / par3ihAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra parihAra / par3ihAra / pratihAra isa vaMza ko pratihAra, pratihAra, par3ihAra yA gurjara pratihAra vaMza bhI kahA jAtA hai / candarabaradAI Adi kaviyoM ne ise agnivaMzI mAnA hai| pahale isa vaMza ko rAma ke putra lava kI saMtAna mAnate the, kintu aba ise lakSmaNa kA vaMza mAnate haiN| lakSmaNa ne vana meM rAma ke pratihAra kA kAma kiyA, isaliye ise pratihAra vaMza kahate haiN| navIM zatAbdI ke eka zilAlekha meM aMkita hai 335 isa zilAlekha ke anusAra isa vaMza kA zAsanakAla gujarAta meM prakAza meM AyA thA / usa samaya isakI rAjadhAnI bhInamAla thaa| bhInamAla ko prAcIna graMthoM meM mAlapaTTana aura skandapurANa meM zrImAla bhI kahA gayA hai| gurjarasmA yA gujarAta pradeza para rAjya karane ke kAraNa inheM gurjara pratihAra kahA gyaa| navIM zatAbdI kI gvAliyara prazasti meM bhI vatsa rAjya pratihAra ko ikSvAku vaMziyoM meM agraNI batAyA gayA hai| rAjazekhara ne kannoja ke pratihAra rAjA bhojadeva ke putra mahendra ko raghukula tilaka arthAt sUryavaMzI kSatriya kahA gayA hai| bhArata meM isa vaMza kA zAsana 750 I se 1018 I taka mAnA jAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only maNDovara ke pratihAra maNDora ke pratihAroM ke bAre meM hameM kucha jAnakArI 836 I ke jodhapura ke zilAlekha aura do 837 I aura 831 I ke ghaTiyAle ke zilAlekha haiM / ina zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki harizcandra pratihAroM kA guru thA, jo sAmanta bhI rahA ho| isake do patniyA~ thI- eka brAhmaNa aura dUsarI kSatriya / brAhmaNa patnI se brAhmaNa pratihAra aura kSatriya patnI se kSatriya pratihAra hue| bhadrA kSatriya patnI thI, jisase cAra putra - bhogabhaTTa, kadaka, rajjila aura daTha hue| harizcandra kA samaya

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336 chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai|' isameM rajjala potA nAgabhaTTa | bar3A pratApI zAsaka thA, jisase maNDora meM pratihAroM kI sthiti sudRr3ha huii| isane apanI rAjadhAnI maNDora se mer3atA sthApita kii| usakA putra jIvana ko kSaNabhaMgura samaya maNDora meM Azrama meM jAkara dharmAcaraNa meM laga gyaa| isake dasaveM zAsaka zIluka ne bhATI devarAja ko yuddha meM pachAr3A / ' usake bhATI vaMza kI mahArAnI bAhuka aura dUsarI rAnI durlabhadevI se kakkuka nAma ke putra hue| bAhuka ne 837 I kI prazasti maNDora ke viSNu maMdira meM lagAI jise bAda meM jodhapura zahara ke koTa meM lagA diyA gyaa| 861 I meM paTiyAle ke zilAlekha utkIrNa krvaae| ina zilAlekhoM kA eka aMtima zloka kakkuka ne racA thA / 1145 I kA sahajapAla cauhAna kA eka lekha milatA hai isase yaha sthApita hotA hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya se hI maNDora para cauhAnoM kA rAjya sthApita ho gayA thA / bhauMca ke gurjara pratihAra aisI mAnyatA hai ki harizcandra kA bhAI yA putra dadda gujarAta rAjya vyavasthA ke liye nikala gayA ho| ojhAjI kI mAnyatA hai ki bhInamAla kA gurjaroM kA rAjya hI bhaDauMca taka phaila gayA ho aura bhInamAla nikala jAne para bhaDauMca ke rAjya para unakA yA unake sambandhiyoM kA adhikAra rahA / ' 629 I aura 641 I ke dAnapatroM se jJAta hotA hai ki nAndIpurI inakI rAjadhAnI rahI ho / jayabhaTTa caturtha isa vaMza kA aMtima zAsaka pratIta hotA hai, jisakA jJAta samaya 735 I. hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gurjara pratihAra - jAlaura, ujjaina aura kannauja isa zAkhA ke pratihAroM kA udbhava sthAna maNDora se hI pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki harizcandra bhAMti isa vaMza ke pravartaka nAgabhaTTa ko rAma kA pratihAra, meghanAtha ke yuddha kA avarodhaka, indra ke garva kA nAzaka, nArAyaNa kI mUrti kA pratIka Adi vizeSatAoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| aMtara kevala itanA hai ki harizcandra ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA, jabaki nAgabhaTTa ko kSatriya / isa zAkhA ko raghuvaMzI pratihAra bhI kahate haiN| DA. dazaratha zarmA nAgabhaTTa gurjara pratihAroM kI rAjadhAnI jAlaura mAnate haiM aura dUsarA mata ujjaina aura kannoja hai / ' vastuta: gurjara pratihAroM kA udbhava maNDora meM huA aura vahIM se anya sthAnoM para rAjya sthApanA meM laga gye| 'kuvalayamAlA' ke anusAra raNahastI. jAlaura kA zAsaka thA aura yaha nAgabhaTTa kA potA thA / isa vaMza kA cauthA zAsaka vatsarAja bar3A prabhAvazAlI thaa| yaha jaina ' harivaMzapurANa' se pramANita hai| 778 I meM 'kuvalayamAlA' jAlaura meM likhI gaI / ina graMthoM se usa samaya kI rAjanItika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika sthiti para prakAza par3atA hai| vatsarAja kI rAnI sundaradevI se nAgabhaTTa kA janma huA, jisake zAsanakAla kA varNana hargraMthoM aura gvAliyara prazasti meM upalabdha hai| nAgabhaTTa kA svargavAsa 23 agasta 833 I ko 1. B.N. Puri, The Gurjar Pratihar, Page 23-24 2. ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR 167-168 3. vahI, pR 166 4. B.N. Puri, The Gurjar Pratihar, Page 27,31 5. vahI, pR 34-36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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337 huaa| nAgabhaTTa ke bAda rAmabhadra aura bhojadeva isa vaMza ke zAsaka the| inake uttarAdhikArI mahendrapAla ke bhI 893-900 I ke tAmrapatra milate haiN| inake guru rAjazekhara the jinhoMne 'kAvyamImAMsA', 'karpUra maMjarI' Adi kI racanA kI / isakA putra mahipAla bar3A vijetA rahA, jisake 914 I se 917 I. ke dAnapatra mile haiN| 1093 I meM kannoja ke pratihAra rAjya kA patana ho gayA phira bhI rAjasthAna meM kucha pratihAra gahar3avAloM, rAThaur3oM aura cauhAnoM ke sAmanta rahe / jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhoja jainAcArya bappabhaTTa kA mitra thA / ' rAjagar3ha ke pratihAra alavara rAjya ke rAjagar3ha (rAjagar3ha) meM 960 I ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki sAvaTa kA putra mathanadeva rAjya karatA thaa| isa zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki gurjara (gUjara ) jAti ke kisAna bhI vahA~ rahate the / pratihAroM kI vaMzAvalI sAmrAjyavAdI pratihAra 1. nAgabhaTTa prathama 756 I 2. kakkuka 9. mahipAla kArtikeya (914, 917, 923 ) 13. devapAla (948 I) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 3. devarAja 4. vatsarAja (778 I, 783 I) 5. nAgabhaTTa dvitIya ( 815, 813 I ) 6. rAmabhadra 7. bhojamihira ( 836, 843, 862, 865, 875, 876, 882) 8. mahendrapAla prathama 893, 898,899,903, 907 I 10. bhoja dvitIya 14. vijayapAla (950 I) | 11. vinAyakapAla (931, 932, 942 $) 12. mahendrapAla dvitIya (946) For Private and Personal Use Only 15. rAjyapAla (1018I) 1. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page 159

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338 16. trilocanapAta (1027, 1019 I) 17. yazapAla (1036 I) maNDora ke pratihAra 1. harizcandra brAhmaNa pratihAra (brAhmaNa patnI se) kSatriya bhadrA se 2 ejala bhogabhaTTa kakka daddA 3. narabhaTTa 4. nAgabhaTTa 5.tatta 6. bhoja 7. yazovardhana 8. canduka 9. silkA 10. joTA 11. bilAditya 12. kakka 13. bAku kakkuka (837 I) (861 I) pratihAroM kA udbhava pratihAroM kA udbhava kannoja nahIM, bhInamAla (jAlora ke pAsa) hai| pratihAroM ko lagAtAra gurjara kahA gyaa| yaha gurjara zabda jAtivAcaka na hokara pradeza vAcaka hai| gurjara pratihAra svayaM ko rAma ke anuja lakSmaNa kA vaMza mAnate haiM / DA. Ara.sI. majUmadAra ne mAnA hai ki maNDora kA pratihAra parivAra aura kannoja ke sAmrAjyavAdI pratihAroM meM samAnatA hai, kyoMki donoM apane ko rAma ke anuja lakSmaNa ke vaMza kA mAnate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki lakSmaNa ne rAma ke liye pratihAra kA For Private and Personal Use Only

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339 dAyitva nibhaayaa|' DA. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara pratihAroM kI gUjara utpatti mAnane ke prabala samarthaka haiN| rAjaura ke zilAlekha meM mahendradeva ko gurjara pratihAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kannoja ke pratihAra kSatriya aura inheM gurjara kahane kA abhiprAya hai ki ve gurjara pradeza ke the| pratihAroM kI eka zAkhA siyAdonI (SIYADONI) ke bhI milate haiM ina rAjAoM ke nAmoM aMta meM 'pAla' aura rAjA milatA hai| DA. DI.sI. sarakAra ne ina rAjAoM meM hIrArAjA (948 I) para prakAza DAlA hai| yaha zAkhA bhI kannoja ke pratihAroM se sambandhita hai| isake alAvA IDara ke pratihAra bhI milate haiN| isameM bhI pratihAra nAma vaMzAnukrama se haiN| isa zAkhA ke bAre meM abhI bhI khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| isa prakAra yaha nirNaya liye jA sakate haiN| 1. pratihAra vaha vyAvasAyika upanAma hai, jo rAjazAhI ke darabAnoM se jur3A hai| 2. jAlaura aura kannoja ke pratihAra gurjara pradeza se sambandhita hai, isaliye gurjara pratihAra kahA jAtA hai| navIM zatAbdI meM inheM raghu parivAra ke kSatriya mAnA jAtA thaa| 3. maNDora ke pratihAra brAhmaNa aura kSatriya donoM the / yaha vaMza lakSmaNa se utpanna na hokara brAhmaNa harizcandra se utpanna hai| ___4. rAjora ke gurjara pratihAra ina donoM zreNiyoM ke pratihAroM se bhinna hai| 5. inake atirikta bhI deza meM kucha pratihAra parivAra mila sakate haiN| sAmrAjyavAdI pratihAra sAmrAjyavAdI pratihAroM ko gurjara pratihAra kahA gyaa| isa mata kI prasthApanA DA. dazaratha zarmA ne kI hai| yahI mata DA. DI.Ara. bhaNDArakara aura DA. Ara.sI. majUmadAra kA hai| hvenacAMga ne 22 deza mAne jisameM gurjara deza kI rAjadhAnI bhinnamAla mAnI, jisakA rAjA kSatriya thaa|' pratihAra kAla (750-1018 I) meM raNahastI vatsarAja ke kAla meM 778 I meM jAlora meM likhita 'kuvalayamAlA' ke lekhaka udyotanasUri ne gurjara zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake pazcAt somadeva sUri (959 I) ne 'yazatilaka' campU meM dAkSiNya, tiramukta, gaur3a, utarApatha aura gurjara 1. Dr. Dasharath Sharma, Rajasthan through the ages, Page 159 2. Dr. B.N. Puri, Gurjar Pratihars page 14 The family of Mandore held in common with the Imperial Pratihars of Kanuj, the tradition that they were descended form Laksman, the brother of Rama, and both explained the origin of family named Pratihar to the same event viz that Lakshman served as the doorkeeper of Rama. 3. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan through the Ages, Page 481. 4. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan though the Ages, Page 109. In the Pratihar period (750-1018 A.D.) itself the earliest reference to the word Gurjara, is found in 'Kuvlayamala' of Udhotana Suri written at Jalore in 778 AD in an region of redoubtable Pratihar ruler, Ranhatin Vatsraja. For Private and Personal Use Only

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340 senAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prabandhakoza' meM kahA gayA ki gujarAta ke logoM ko muNDikA kahA gayA, kyoMki unake sira TopI se nahIM DhaMke rahate haiM yA gurjara nareza ke AdhyAtmika guru- zvetAmbara muNDikA kahalAte the| isase yaha bhI dhvanita hotA hai ki gurjara nareza ke AdhyAtmika guru zvetAmbara muni hote the| isa prakAra gurjara zabda bhUgolavAcaka hai, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| ___ nAgabhaTTa | prathama pratihAra nareza the, jinakI rAjadhAnI jAlaura thI aura inhoMne jaina vidvAna yakSadeva ko kSamAzramaNa svIkAra karate hue parAmarzadAtA bne| pratihAroM ne hindU bhArata kI rakSA ke liye apanA dAyitva nibaahaa| bhoja / ke gvAliyara prazasti meM nAgabhaTTa meM nAgabhaTTa ko nArAyaNa mAnA gayA hai, jisane utpIr3ita vyaktiyoM kI prArthanA sunI aura usazAsaka kA vinAza kiyA jo guNoM kA nAzaka thA / nAgabhaTTa II ko zreSTha puruSa aura bhoja / aura vAkpatirAja ko Adi varAha mAnA gyaa| vatsarAja ke sambandha meM vi.saM. 1013 kA osiyAM kA zilAlekha milatA hai| mAlavA ko pratihAroM kA ghara mAnA jAtA hai, kintu vahA~ prArambha ke koI sikke aura lekha nahIM milate haiM / hvenasAMga ke anusAra sAtavIM ke zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM pazcimI mAlavA para vallabhI rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa|' vatsarAja nizcita rUpa se rAjasthAna kA zAsaka thaa| vatsarAja ne bhATiyoM ko parAjita kiyaa| bhATI ko bhAMDI bhI kahA jAtA thaa| vatsarAja ne gaur3a deza (baMgAla) para bhI AkramaNa kiyA thaa| DA. Ara.sI. majUmadAra ke anusAra vatsarAja kA rAjasthAna aura rAjasthAna ke bar3e bhUbhAga para adhikAra thaa| rASTrakUTa meM dhruva dhAra varSA ke hAthoM vatsarAja ko parAjaya jhelanI pdd'ii| aisA lagatA hai ki vatsarAja ko 786 I aura 793 I ke bIca yaha parAjaya jhelanI pdd'ii| vatsarAja kI mRtyu lagabhaga 794 I meM mAnI jA sakatI hai| nAgabhaTTa II ke kAla meM pratihAra rAjya meM paripakvatA A gii| isake pautra bhoja / ke gvAliyara prazasti meM yaha mAnA gayA ki AMdhu, siMdhu, vidarbha aura kaliMga ke nareza nAgabhaTTa II rUpI zamA meM paravAnoM kI taraha jala mare, yaha ugate sUrya kI taraha prakAzita huA aura isane kaI kile phataha kiye / gvAliyara prazasti se bhI patA calatA hai ki nAgabhaTTa II ne rAjasthAna meM apanI sthiti sudRr3ha kara lI thii| 'prabhAvaka caritra' se patA calatA hai ki usake darabAra meM inakA pathapradarzaka jaina AcArya 1. prabandhakoza, pR59 TopikA rahitA sirasaktavA muNDikA gurjarA lok| athavA zvetAmbara gajarendra guruo|| People of Gurjara were called Mundikas because their heads were not covered with caps or it may be that the Swetambaras, the spritual guides of the king of Gurjara were called Mundikas. 2. Indian Historical Quarter, 1958, Dr. Dasharath Sharma's paper Rambhodra & Bhoja. 3. Dr. Dasharath Sharma, Rajasthan though the Ages, Page 126. 4. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajashtan though the Ages, Page 134. 5. Bappa Bhatt Pradandh, Page 127-141. For Private and Personal Use Only

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paTTasUra the aura inakI salAha se inhoMne jaina mUrtiyoM meM dhana vyaya kiyA / pratihAra sAmrAjya kI caramasImA - rAmabhadra se mahendrapAla prathama taka pratihAroM ne rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM, pUre bhArata meM apanI sudRr3ha sthiti banA lii| 833 I se 910 I. ke sattara varSoM taka tIna pratihAra rAjAoM nAgabhaTTa II ke putra aura uttarAdhikArI rAmabhadra, rAmabhadra ke putra bhoja aura bhoja ke putra mahendra pala / hue| 341 rAmabhadra (833 se 836 I) ne kevala 2/3 varSa hI zAsana kiyaa| rAmabhadra sUryopAsaka thA, isaliye isane apane putra kA nAma mihira rkhaa| 1 agalA zAsaka bhoja / mihira yA mihira bhoja pratihAra vaMzAvalI kA mahAnatam zAsaka mAnA jAtA hai| bhoja kA gaur3a deza ke devayAla se saMgharSa huaa| bhoja devapAla ko parAjita karane meM saphala ho gyaa| dillI ke purAne kile se prApta eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki dillI bhI bhoja sAmrAjya meM thI / navIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM bhoja eka mahAn bhAratIya zAsaka thA, jisake rAjya meM uttarapradeza, rAjasthAna, saurASTra, dakSiNI pUrvI paMjAba, bihAra ke kucha bhAga, aura pazcimI paMjAba the| apane zAsanakAla ke aMta meM gujarAta para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isake sAmrAjya kA prazAsana vyavasthita thA aura pratyeka ko dhArmika svataMtratA thI / isane bhAratIya saMskRti ke zatruoM kA vinAza kiyA aura niraMkuzatA se bhArata ko mukta kiyA / mahendrapAla I 892 I meM rAjagaddI para baiThA / mahendrapAla I kA jIvana yuddhoM meM vyatIta huI / mahendrapAla I kA AkhirI zilAlekha 908 I kA milatA hai| 914 I meM mahendrapAla kA putra mahipAla gaddI para baitthaa| mahipAla kA zAsana kucha asaphalatAoM ke bAvajUda saphala zAsana thA / isa samaya bhI kannoja bhAratIya saMskRti kA kendra thii| rAjazekhara ne 'kAvya mImAMsA' kI racanA isake darabAra meM rahakara kii| II 917 I aura 931 I ke bIca gaddI para baitthaa| bhoja II ke rAjya ke bAre meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai / bhoja II ke pazcAt isakA bhAI - mahendrapAla I kA putra vinAyakapAla I rAjagaddI para baitthaa| isa samaya rASTrakUTa ke zAsakoM ne pratihAra sAmrAjya para AkramaNa kiyA aura pratihAra parAjita hue / pratApagar3ha ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahendrapAla II mahArAjA vinAyakapAladeva aura prasAdhanadevI kA putra thA / 950 I taka pratihAra sAmrAjya ne 200 varSa pUre kiye| do nAgabhaTTa, vatsarAja, bhoja I, mahendrapAla I, aura mahipAla ke kAraNa isa vaMza ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi huI | 2 devapAla pratihAra 949 I meM gaddI para baiThA / 960 I meM devapAla kA bhAI vijayapAla na kI gaddI para baiThA / aisA lagatA hai ki 984 I meM vijayapAla kI mRtyu ho gaI taba rAjapAla 1. R.S. Tripathi, History of Kanauj, Page 247. 2. Dr. Dasharath Sharma, Rajasthan though the Ages, Page 197. For Private and Personal Use Only

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342 gaddI para baiThA / yaha rAjya kI rakSA na kara skaa| mahamUda gajanI ke AkramaNa se rAjapAla TUTa gayA aura usane agni meM jalakara AtmahatyA kii| isake pazcAt pratihAra sAmrAjya kA kucha aMza rAjyapAla ke putra trilocanapAla ke adhIna rahA, isake jhUsI ke 1084 I. zilAlekha meM milatA hai| 1019 meM mahamUda ne puna: AkramaNa kiyaa| mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa ke pazcAt trilocanapAla ke pAsa rAjya kA kitanA hissA bacA, yaha jJAta nahIM hai| yaha vaMza kucha samaya taka ghisaTa kara calatA rhaa| gajanavI se parAjaya ke bAvajUda pratihAroM ke zAsana ne isa deza ko bahuta kucha diyaa| kalA kI nayI vicAradhArA pnpii| osiyA ke maMdira apane meM viziSTa hai| yuddha meM aura zAMti meM donoM hI dRSTiyoM se pratihAroM kA yoga viziSTa rhaa| inake samakAlInoM ne mAnA ki pratihAra rAjAoM ne viSNu ke rUpa meM pApa se vizva ko mukta kiyA aura guNoM kI rakSA kii| prarihAra/pratihAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta gotra zrI bhUtor3iyA ke anusAra pratihAroM/parihAroM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra nimnAnusAra 1. copar3A/kUkar3a/gaNadhara/parihAra/koThArI copar3A 2. gAMdhI/siyAla 3. sAMDa 4. maMtrI (mAhezvarI) 5. RSabhakoThArI 6. kAMkariyA 7. baMdA mehatA parihAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha 1. guMdecA 1026 devaguptasUri upakeza 2. copar3A 1156 jinadattasUri kharatara maNDovara kUkar3a 3. maNDovarA 955 siddhasUri upakeza maNDovara sthAna pAvAgaDha pUrva puruSa rAvalAdhI kUkar3adeva devarAja 1. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Throuhg the Ages, Page 209. A new school of art came with existence the production of which reveal in their beauty same of the art compositions of their periods. Osia temples are in a class by themselves. 2. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, 424 For Private and Personal Use Only

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343 paramAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra paramAra zabda kA artha zatru ko mArane vAlA hotA hai, isaliye isa vaMza ke rAjapUtoM kA nAma kSatriyocita karma se sambandhita hai| jyoM jyoM pratihAroM kI zakti kA hrAsa hotA gayA, paramAroM kA rAjanItika prabhAva adhika bar3hatA gyaa| dhIre-dhIre inhoMne mAravAr3a, sindhu, gujarAta, vAgar3a aura mAlavA Adi sthAnoM meM apane rAjya sthApita kiye| 'parAn mAratIti paramAra:' arthAt zatruoM ko mArane ke kAraNa hI inheM paramAra yA bAda meM pramAra yA pa~vAra kahA jAne lgaa| kavi candarabaradAI, sUryamala mizraNa Adi kaviyoM ne inheM agnivaMzI mAnA hai| karnala TADa aura DA. bhaNDArakara Adi ne inheM videzI jAtiyoM se utpanna mAnA hai, jo ThIka nahIM hai| zrI haranAmasiMha mAna ne ise maurya vaMza kI zAkhA mAnA hai| sabhI paramAra svayaM ko sUryavaMzI mAnate haiN| DA. jagadIza siMha gahalota ke anusAra agni vaMza kI bhrAMti utpanna hone ke kAraNa yaha hai ki isa vaMza ke mahApuruSa kA nAma dhUma rAja thaa| dhUma (dhuAM) agni se utpanna hotA hai, isaliye ise agnivaMzI kahA jAne lgaa| AbU ke paramAroM kA kulapuruSa dhUmarAja mAnA jAtA hai, parantu isakI vaMzAvalI utpala rAja se prArambha hotI hai| prArambha meM inheM solaMkiyoM se saMgharSa karanA pdd'aa| isakI caturtha pIr3hI meM dharaNI varAha meM solaMkI mUlarAja ne AkramaNa kiyA, isaliye isane rASTrakUTa dhavala kI zaraNa lI jo dhavala ke 997 I ke zilAlekha meM spaSTa hai / isake bAda dharaNIvarAha kA adhikAra phira se AbU para ho gyaa| mahipAla kA eka dAnapatra 1002 I. kA milatA hai| mahipAla kA putra dhuMdhaka svataMtra prakRti kA vyakti thaa| mAravAr3a ke paramAra narezoM kA krama nimnAnusAra hai 1. sindhurAja 2. utpalarAja 3. araNyarAja 4. kRssnnraaj| 5. dharaNIvarAha 6. mahipAla 7. dhuMdhuka 8. pUrNapAla 9. kRSNarAja // 10. dhruvabhaTa 11. rAmadeva 12. vikramasiMha 13. yazodhvata 14. dhArAvarSa 15. somasiMha 16. kRSNarAja || 17. pratApa siMha 18. vikramasiMha vikrama kA prapautra dhArAvarSa AbU ke paramAroM meM bar3A prasiddha hai| usane 60 varSa rAja kiyaa| isake 363 I se 1219 I taka ke zilAlekha milate haiN| dhAravarSa kA lar3akA somasiMha gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA bhImadeva (dvitIya) kA sAmanta thaa| isake samaya meM vastupAla ke choTe bhAI tejapAla ne AbU meM delavAr3A maMdira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| 1311 I ke AsapAsa AbU meM paramAra rAjya kA aMta huA aura cauhAna rAjya kI sthApanA huii| 1. DA. jagadIzasiMha gahalota, paramAra vaMza, 443 2. ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pRSTha 201-202 For Private and Personal Use Only

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344 jAlaura ke paramAra jAlaura ke paramAra nareza nimnAnusAra hue 1. vAkpatirAja 2. candana 3. devarAja 4. aparAjita 5. vijjala 6. dhArAvarSa 7. vIsala yaha sambhava hai ki isa zAkhA ke paramAra dharaNIvAla ke vaMzaja rahe ho / ise AbU ke paramAroM kI choTI zAkhA mAnA jAnA cAhiye / vAkapatirAja isa vaMzakrama meM prathama 960-985 I. ke lagabhaga jAlaura kA rAjA rhaa| sambhavata: vaha AbU zAkhA ke dhruvabhaTTa kA samakAlIna thaa| isa vaMza ke sAtaveM rAjA kI rAnI melaradevI ne siMdhu rAjezvara ke maMdira meM suvarNa kalaza 1087 I meM cddh'aayaa| kirADU ke paramAra kirADU ke zAsaka nimnAnusAra hue 1. sauccharAja 2. udayarAja 3. somezvara kirADU ke zivAlaya para utkIrNa 1 161 I ke eka zilAlekha se yahA~ ke rAjAoM ke nAma milate haiN| udayarAja solaMkiyoM kA sAmanta thaa| usane kaI yuddha ldd'e| mAlavA ke paramAra mAlavA ke paramAra nareza nimnAnusAra hai1. kRSNarAva 2. verisiNh| 3. sImara 4. vAkapatirAja 5. verisiNh| 6. zrI harSarivaha 7. bhuMja 8. siMdhurAja 9. bhoj| 10. jysiNh| 11. udayAditya 12. lakSmaNadeva 13. naravarmA 14. yazovarmA 15. jayavarmA 16. ajayavarmA 17. viMdhyavarmA 18. subhaTavarmA 19. arjunvrmaa| 20. devapAla 21. jAtakidrava 22. jayavarmA II 23. jayasiMha 24. arjunavarmA 25. bhoja II 26. jayasiMha // mAlavA ke paramAra bar3e hI zakti smpnnthe| isa zAkhA ke zAsaka vIra, sAhasI, vidyA sampanna aura dhana sampanna the| muMja ke bAda siMdhurAja aura usake bAda bhoja paramAra hue| bhoja apanI vijayoM aura vidyAnurAga ke liye prasiddha huaa| usane svayaM kaI graMtha likhe aura aneka vidvAna 1. ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR204 For Private and Personal Use Only

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345 bhoja ke darabAra meM Azraya lie hue the| khilajiyoM ke AtaMka se mAlavA kA vaibhava samApta huA aura bAda meM inhIM ke vaMzaja ajamera ke AsapAsa choTe sAmanta ke rUpa meM rahate the| inake vaMzajoM meM aura karmacaMda paMvAra sAMgA kA samakAlIna thA jo ajamera ke pAsa pAsa choTe sAmanta ke rUpa meM rahatA thaa| bAgar3a kA paramAra vaMza bAgar3a ke paramAra vaMza ke nareza nimnAnusAra haiM1. DambarAsiMha (mAlavA ke verisiMha kA putra) 2. dhanika 3. cacca 4.kaMvaradeva 5. caMDapa 6. satyarAja 7. liMvarAja 8. maMDa 9. cAmuNDarAja 10. vijayarAja mAlavA ke paramAra rAjA kRSNarAja ke dUsare putra DambarasiMha se bAgar3a kA paramAra rAjya prArambha hotA hai| yaha rAjya DUMgarapura bAMsavAr3A kA bhAga thA, jise vAgar3a kahate haiN| yahA~ ke rAjA dhanika ne dhanezvara kA maMdira bnvaayaa| vijayarAja aMtima zAsaka thaa| usake samaya ke 1178 I aura 1109 I ke do zilAlekha milate haiN| isake pazcAt usa bhAga meM paramAroM ke koI zilAlekha nahIM milate haiN| guDila sAmaMtasiMha ke kAraNa vAgar3a paramAroM ke hAtha se nikala gyaa| isake khaNDaharoM se patA calatA hai ki aMthUNA usa samaya bar3A vaibhavazAlI nagara thA, jahA~ aneka zaiva, vaiSNava, zakti aura jaina devAlaya the| paramAroM kI aneka zAkhAeM haiN| karnala TADa ke anusAra ___ morI, umarA, bulhaTa, soDA, sumara, kAvA, sAMkhalA, behila yA bihila, abhaTa, khaira, maipAvata, rehavara, daNThA, khecaDa, sampala, kohilA, devA, dhUtA, soragariyA, sugar3A, bhIkhA, pUyA, baratara, rikumbA, haTaira, barakoTA, kAlapusAra, kahoriyA, jIprA, TIkA, caudA, pUnA, kAlAmoha, dhuMdha, yosraa| DA. dazarathazarmA ne vibhinna rAjyoM ke paramAra rAjAoM kI vaMzAzavalI nimnAnusAra dI mAlavA ke paramAra 1. upendra 2. verisiNh| damavar3A siMha (vAgar3a zAkhA kA vaMzaja) 1. rAjapUtAnA myujiyama riporTa, ajamera, 193-12, lekha 2, pR2 2. ojhA, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pR.48-233 For Private and Personal Use Only

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346 3. siyAkA 4. ajJAta zAsaka 5. kRSNarAja, vAkpati / 6. verisiMha II vajrasvAmina 7. siyAka [I (harsa (949,969 A.D.) 8. vAkapati I (974, 979,981, 986 I) 9. siMdhurAja 10. bhoja 12. udayAditya (103, 1018, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1034, 1046 I) (1080, 1081, 1086 I) 11. jayasiMha / (1055 I) 13. lakSmaNadeva jagadeva (1112 I) 14. naravaravarmana (1094, 1100, 1104, 1107, 1110 I) 15. yazovarmana (1134,1135,1142 I) 16. jayavarmana ajayavarmana trailokyavarmana lakSmIvarmana (1143 I) 17. viMdhyavarmana harizcandra (357,378 I) 18. zubhatavarmana 19. arjunavarmana (1210, 1213, 1215 I) 20. devapAla (1225, 1229, 1232 I.) udayavarmana (1199 I.) For Private and Personal Use Only

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347 21. jaitugadeva 22. jayasiMha / / , jayavarmana (1255, 1257, 1260, 1263, 1269, 1274 I) 23. arjunavarmana | 24. bhoja || 25. mahAlakadeta 26. jayasiMha / / (1310 I) AbU aura kirADU ke paramAra dhUmarAja 1. siMdhurAja 2. utpalarAja 3. araNyarAja 4. adbhuta kRSNarAja / (967 I) 5. dharaNivarAha 6. ghurabhaTa 7. mahipAla, devarAja (1002 I) 8. dhaMdhuka lohimIdeva 9. pUrNapAla (1042, 1045 I) 10. dAMtivarmana // 11. kRSNadeva / / (1060, 1066 I) yogarAja rAmadeva soccharAja 12. kAkaladeva somadeva (1141 I) For Private and Personal Use Only

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348 13. vikramasiMha 14. yazodhanavala (1144 I) 15. dhAravarSA (1163,1176, 1180, 1183, 1188, 1190, 1192, 1198 I., 1208, 1214, 1217, 1219) 16. somasiMha (1230, 1233, 1236 I) 17. kRSNarAja || 18. pratApasiMha 1287 I 19. arjuna (1290 I) 20. vikramasiMha (1300 I) vagelA ke paramAra 1. dammarasiMha 2. dhanika 3. caccA 4. kanakadeva 5. caNDapa 6. salarAjA 7. timbarAjA 8. maNDAlika (1059 I) 9. cAmuNDarAva (1079, 1080, 300 I) 10. vijayarAjA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra jagadIzasiMha gahalota ke anusAra www.kobatirth.org TekahA, kAnA / jAlora ke paramAra 1. vAkapatirAja T 2. cAMdanA 3. devarAja 4. aparAjita 5. vijjala 6. dhAravarSA 7. visAlA (1109, 1118 I) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhAmala, sAMkhalA, kaNetA, jAMgatavA, soNa, ubhaTa, varAha, barar3a kAnnayA, gUgA, ujjenI, muhaNauta neNasI ke anusAra paMvAra, sAMkhalA, bharamA, bhAmala, pesa, thANamIvala, bahiyA, vAhasa, chAhar3a, modazI, huvaMDa - sIlorA, jaipAla, kaMganA, kAnA, UmaTa yA umata, dhAdhU, dhUriyA, bhAI, kachor3iyA, kAlA, kAlamuhA, ravedA, khUMTA, Dhala, Dhesala, jAgA, DhUDhA, gehalar3A, kalIliyA, kUkaNa, pIthaliyA, DoDA / paramAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMzoM ke gotra zrI bhUtor3iyA ne nimnAMkita osavaMza ke gotroM ko paramAroM se utpanna mAnA hai 1. dUdhor3iyA 2. gir3iyA 3. gAMga/ gaMga 4. pAlAvata 5. baraDiyA 6. nAhara 7. bAMThiyA 10. kuvAr3a 8. mallAvata 11. lalavANI 9. harakhAvata 349 12. baramecA/brahmecA For Private and Personal Use Only

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moripura mahAnagara 350 paramAra rAjapUtoM se nisRta kucha osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. karaNiyA 1176 jinadattasUri kharatara kaccha gadAdhara 2. gAMga 13vIM zatAbdI jinacandrasUri kharatara gaMgAsiMha 3. DIDU siMghavI 14vIM zatAbdI jinaprabhasUri kharatara DIDara mAdhavajI 4. nAhara - mAnadevasUri - AsapIra 5. baraDiyA/darar3A 954 udyotanasUri - lakhanasI 6. baramecA/brahmecA 1175 jinadattasUri kharatara aMbAgaDha boraDa 7. harakhAvata/kuvAr3a 1167 jinavallabhasUri kharatara raNathambhaura harakhAjI 8. surANA 1132 dharmaghoSa sUri - ajayagaDha rAvasUra 9. bAMThiyA 1167 jinavallabhasUri kharatara raNathambhora baMTha / 10. lalavANI 1167 jinavallabhasUri kharatara raNathambhora lAlasiMha 3. bAphanA bahuphaNA 1177 jinadattasUri kharatara dhAra jayapAla 13. mallAvata 1167 jinavallabhasUri kharatara raNathambhaura malla / 14. bAvela 1371 jinakuzalasUri kharatara bAvelA raNadhIra 15. chAvata 1073 siddhasUri upakeza dhArA rAvachAhar3a cauhAna rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra cauhAna - cauhAnoM kA itihAsa rAjasthAna ke uttarI pazcimI bhAga meM samRddhi aura prasiddhi kA yuga thaa| isa vaMza meM vAsadeva cauhAna se lekara pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke putroM ke samaya taka pA~ca sau varSoM taka uttara aura pazcimI bhArata meM cauhAnoM kA rAjya thaa| cauhAna jAMgala deza (marubhUmi) ke rAjA the| unhoMne gurjara rAjya ke patana ke bAda 736 I meM apanA rAjya sthApita kara liyA thaa| vAstava meM cauhAnoM kA Adi sthAna sIkara hai aura inake Adi puruSa sIkara meM hI rahate the| cauhAna sAmanta pratihAroM ke adhIna the / cauhAnoM kA sabase pahale zilAlekha bIjoliyA meM prApta huA hai jo 1169 I kA hai| 'prabandhakoza' ke anusAra cauhAnoM kA pahalA zAsaka vAsadeva 608 vi meM sAMbhara meM rAjya karatA thA aura sAMbhara jhIla usane khuda banavAI thii| DA. dazaratha zarmA isa rAjA kI utpatti ke bAre meM likhate haiM yaha vatsa gotra kA ahichatrapura (nAgaura) kA brAhmaNa thaa| nAgaura se 1.bI.ema. divAkara, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, 153 2. vahI, pR53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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351 ravAnA hokara yaha sAmanta zekhAvATI (sIkara) meM mahAjanoM kI sevA karane lgaa|' yahIM isane harSAdevI kA maMdira banavAyA aura zAsaka bana baiThA / 'pRthvIrAja rAso' ke anusAra cauhAna vaidikakAlIna brAhmaNa the, kintu yaha mata mAnya nahIM hai| DaoN. bhaNDArakara ne Indian Antiquary meM mAnA hai ki cauhAna loga khaMjara nAmaka videzI jAti ke the| cAraNa aura bhATa cauhAnoM ko sUryavaMzI batAte haiN| cauhAnoM ne hI ajamera nagara basAyA thaa| isa vaMza ke aNairAja ne musalamAnoM ko harAkara AnAsAgara jhIla banAI thii| __karnala TADake anusAra AThavIM zatAbdI se terahavIM zatAbdI taka cauhAna rAjya ajamera se sindha pradeza taka phailA huA thaa| unakI rAjadhAniyAM ajamera, nAgaura, jAlaura, sirohI aura coTana meM thii| yoM to sAdhAraNa taura para ve sabhI svataMtratA kA jIvana vyatIta karate the, parantu kucha bAtoM meM ajamera kI adhInatA svIkAra karanI par3atI hai|'2 naradeva ke bAda cauhAnoM kI cha pIr3hiyoM meM vigraharAja ullekhanIya hai| cauhAna zilAlekhoM meM vigraharAja ko mataMgA (musalamAnoM kA vinAzaka) kahA gayA hai| vigraharAja ne musalamAnoM ko harAyA, durlabharAja ne cAlukyoM ko, ajayarAja ne gajanI kI senA ko aura arnerAja ne dillI ko hI apane adhIna kara liyaa| ___ cauhAna zabda 'cAhamAna' kA vikRta rUpa hai| inakI utpatti vivAdAspada hai| bhAToM aura cAraNoM ne inheM agnivaMzIya, ojhA sUryavaMzI, yUropa ke vidvAna Arya mAnakara videzI aura dazaratha zarmA inakI utpatti brAhmaNoM se mAnate haiN| jina bhAToM aura cAraNoM ne inheM agnivaMzIya mAnA isakA AdhAra candarabaradAI kA 'pRthvIrAja rAso' hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki saba RSiyoM ne AbU meM yajJa karanA prArambha kiyA taba rAkSasoM ne unameM malamUtra, haDDiyAM Adi apavitra vastuoM ko DAlakara bhraSTa karane kI ceSTA kii| vaziSTha RSi ne yajJa kI rakSA ke liye maMtrasiddhi se agni se cAra puruSoM ko janma diyA jo pratihAra, paramAra, cAlukya aura cauhAna khlaaye|' pRthvIrAja vijaya, hamIra mahAkAvya hamIra rAsoM Adi graMtha cauhAnoM ko sUryavaMzIya mAnate haiN| karnala TADa ne cauhAnoM ko videzI maanaa|' DA. smitha aura kuka ne isI mata ko svIkAra kiyaa| DA. bhaNDArakara' ne cAhamAnoM ko khajra jAti se sambandhita btaayaa| DA. dazaratha zarmA ne bijoliyA ke lekha ke AdhAra para brAhmaNa vaMza kI saMtAna haiM / "vipraH zrIvatsa gotre bhUt' aMkita paMkti isa vicAra kI puSTi karatI hai| kAyamakhA~rAsoM' aura caMdrAvatI ke lekha meM inakA brAhmaNavaMzIya honA mAnA gayA hai| 1. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties, Page 9-10 2. Col Tod, Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan, Page 608. 3.DA. gopInAtha zarmA. rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, 187 4. vahI, pR87-88 5. TADa, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa , bhAga 1, 480 6. Dr. Smith Early History of India, III, Page 412. 7. Dr. Bhandarkar, Indian Antiquary, Page 41, 25-29. 8. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties, Page 9-10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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352 cAhamAnoM kA mUla sthAna cittoDagaDha ke mAnamorI 713 I. ke zilAlekha meM dI gaI vaMzAvalI meM mahezvaradAsa aura bhImadAsa nAma Ate haiM, jo cahamAna zAsaka bhartRvRddha dvitIya ke bhI pUrva puruSa the| cAhamAna aura morI vaMza kI vaMzAvaliyoM ke nAma yA nAmAnta kI hI sAmyatA nahIM hai, varan inake samaya meM bhI sAmyatA dIkha par3atI hai| aisI hAlata meM cAhamAnoM kA moriyoM se vaMza sambandha ho sakatA hai aura unakA mUla nivAsa sthAna cittor3a mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yadi chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM bhaDauMca prAnta meM cAhamAna the to ve pratihAroM ke sAmanta the| 'pRthvIrAja vijaya', 'zabdakalpadrama' Adi lekhoM meM cAhamAnoM ke nivAsa sthAna vizeSa kA varNana milatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki cAhamAna jAMgaladeza (bIkAnera, jayapura, uttarI mAravAr3a) ke rahane vAle the aura unake rAjya kA pramukha bhAga sapAdalakSa (sAMbhara) thA aura unakI rAjadhAnI ahichatrapura (nAgaura) thii|' ___ rAjasthAna ke itihAsa meM hI cauhAna dRSTigata hote haiN| ahichatrapura (nAgaura) inakA mUla sthAna hai| bijoliyA ke zilAlekha meM isake prArambhika sAmanta ko vipra vatsa gotra kA brAhmaNa mAnA hai| Arambhika zAsakoM meM siMharAja kA uttarAdhikArI vigraharAja dvitIya cauhAna ke prArambhika zAsakoM meM sabase zaktizAlI thaa| raNathambhaura ke cauhAna 1211 I. meM islAmI AkramaNa ke pazcAt sapAdalakSa aura nADola ke sAmrAjya lupta ho gaye, kintu inake hI parivAra ke eka vyakti ne jabalipura (jAlaura) para Adhipatya kara liyaa| yaha govinda thA, jise hamIra kAvya' meM pRthvIrAja kA pautra mAnA hai| raNathambhaura ke cauhAna rAja viraNyAraNa ko dillI ke bAdazAha altamaza ne jahara diyA, kintu altamaza kI mRtyu ke pazcAt isakA cAcA ne raNathambhora ko adhIna karake sAta varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| vAgabhaTTa ke kAla meM cauhAna paramAra saMgharSa prArambha ho gayA thaa| hamIra raNathambhaura kA aMtima cauhAna rAjA thaa| nayacaMdra sUri ke hamIra mahAkAvya' aura bhAMdU vyAsa ke hamIrAyaNa' bhATa khenA kI harIrAdo rAkavitta', mallA kA hamIrAde rA kavitta', candrazekhara kA hamIra haTha', gvAla kA hamIra haTha' Adi hamIra para likhI racanAeM hai| hamIra ne eka prakAra se digvijaya yAtrA prArambha kara dI thii| hamIra eka viziSTa prakAra kA rAjapUta thA / yaha apane mitroM ke prati niSThAvAna aura vIra, hindU saMsthAoM kA rakSaka zauryavAna aura rAjapUtoM kI pratiSThA kA rakSaka thaa| __ jaina kavi nayacandra ne hamIra kI prazasti gAI hai / nayacandra ne nahIM mAnA ki hamIra kI mRtyu ho gaI kyoMki usakI upalabdhiyA~ hamezA Upara rhegii| hamIra kA patana julAI 12, 1301 1. DA. gopInAtha zarmA, rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, pR89 2. vahI, pR 10 3. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties, Page 10-12. 4. Dr. Dasharath Sharma, Rajasthan through the Ages, Page 231 This would suggest save Naga Connections though in the Bijolia inscription, their early ruler Samanta is called Vipra, is a Brahman of Vatsa gotra. For Private and Personal Use Only

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353 ko huaa| jAlaura ke cauhAna jAlaura yA javAlipura ke cauhAna rAjAoM ne bhI hinda jIvana kI rakSA kii| nADola ke hI kIrtipAla cauhAna ne 1178 I meM jAlaura meM cauhAna rAjya kI nIMva rkhii| kIrtipAla ke putra samarasiMha aura phira samarasiMha ke putra udayasiMha ne jAlaura para 52 varSoM (1205-1557 I) taka zAsana kiyaa| yaha nANDola, jAlaura, maNDora, bahADamera, kirADU, rADAdharAkhera. rAmasena, ratanapurA, zrImAla aura sAMcaura kA svAmI thaa| udayasiMha anavarata dillI ke sultAnoM ke viruddha yuddha karatA rhaa| udayasiMha ko mAravAr3a kA svAmI yA 'zAkambhara Izvara' kahA jAtA thaa| 1259 I meM udayasiMha kI mRtyu taka jAlaura uttara bhArata meM zaktizAlI rAjapUta rAjya thaa| vaMzAvaliyAM 1. raNathambhaura ke cauhAna 1. govinda 2. balhana vi 1272 (1215 I) 3. prahalAdana 5. vAgbhaTTa 4.viranArAyaNa 6. jetrasiMha- mR vi. 1339 (1282 I) 7. hamIra virama vi 1345, 1339, 1358 (1288, 1292, 1391 I) jAlaura ke cauhAna 1. kIrtipAla (nADola ke alhaNa kA putra) 2. samarasiMha (1182, 1185 I) 3. udayasiMha (1205, 1217, 1248, 1249, 1253, 1257 A.D.) 4. cAcigadeva (vi 1316, 1319, 1323, 1332, 1333) 5. sAmaMtasiMha (vi 1339, 1340, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1348, 1352, | 1355, 1356, 1359, 1362) 6. kAnhAdeva mAladeva vi 1371 (1314 I) vIramadeva For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 354 www.kobatirth.org dholapura ke cauhAna 1. isakA 2. mahisarabhA 3. canda mahAsenA 841 I pratApagaDha ke cauhAna 1. govindarAja I 2. durlabharAja 1 3. mahAsAmanta indrarAjA (946 I) zAkambharI aura ajamera ke cauhAna 1 1. vAsudeva 1 2. sAmanta 3. nRpa yA naradeva 4. jayarAja I 5. vigraharAja / 6. candanarAja / 1 7. gopendrarAja yA gopedraka 8. govindarAjA yA gubAkA / I 9. durlabharAja / 10. goviMdarAja yA gubAkA // I 11. candanarAja || I 12. vAkapatirAja 13. viMdhyarAja 14. siMharAja (956 I) lakSaNa 15. vigraharAja // 16. durlabharAja || candarAja 973 I (996, 999 EUR) vatsarAja govindarAja

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 18. vAkpatirAja // 27. jaMgadeva 30. pRthvIrAja // (1167, 1168 ) www.kobatirth.org 17. govindarAja III 19. virayAmA 28. vigraharAja caturtha (1153, 1154, 1158, 1168 EUR) 29. amaragAMgeya 21. simha 7. 6. azvapAla ahila devadatta nADola ke cauhAna J 1. lakSmaNa - vAkpatirAja || zAkambharI ke putra 2. somitA 4. vigrahapAla 3. balirAja 5. maNoda 11. pRthvIrapAla 32. pRthvIrAja || (1177, 1179, 1182, 1187, 1188, 1191 I) 20. cAmuNDarAjA 8. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 9. bAlAprasAda 12. jojava (990 I) For Private and Personal Use Only 22. durlabharAja / / / 23. vigraharaNa || 355 24. pRthvIrAja / I 25. ajayarAja 26. arNerAja ahila 31. somezvara (1169,1177) 33. harirAjA 10. jheNDurAja 7 asarAja (1110, 1115, 1119)

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356 14. ratanapAla (1119 I) 15. rAyapAla (1132, 1138, 1141, 1145 I) sahamaNA rudrapAla amarapAla asarAja 16. kAtudeva 18. AlhaNa (1148, 1150, 1152, 1161 I) 17. javatasiMha 19. kelhAnA gajasiMha kIrtipAla (1163, 1164, 1166, 1167, 1170, 1174, 1176, 1179, 1184, 1192 ii)| 20. jayatasiMha / / (1194 I) 21. sAmantasiMha (1199, 1201 I) sUyamala mizraNa ne cauhAnoM kI kula 35 zAkhAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| cauhAnoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra zrI bhUtoDiyA ne nimnAMkita gotroM ko cauhAnoM se utpanna mAnA hai1. bohittharA (botharA) 2. dassANI 3. bacchAvata 4. mehatA 5. munIma/khajAMcI 6. phophaliyA 7. lor3hA 8. khajAMcI 9. minnI 10. dugar3a/sugar3a 11. zekhANI 12. koThArI 13. bAvelasiMdhI ____14. koThArI 15. kabhANI siMdhI 16. boliyA/bUliyA 17. baMgAlI/beMgANI 18. khIMvasarA 19. DAgA 20. bhaNDArI 21. lUnAvata bhaNDArI 22. khAMTeDa/khaTeDa/aveDa/kharola 23. ratanapurA 24. kaTAriyA/mehatA 25. pAvecA 26. balAhI 27. saMcetI/suciMtI 28. DosI/doNI 29. sonIgarA 30. pIthaliyA 31. bAgarecA 32. mehatA 33. AcchA 34. saMkhavAla/saMkhalecA 35. mamaiyA 36. jindANI/jinnANI For Private and Personal Use Only

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357 39. boradiyA 37. kAMsTiyA 38. buccA/bUMTA cauhAnoM kI upazAkhA khIcI se nisUta gotra 1. naravata/kucoriyA 2. gehalar3A/gelar3A 3. ghAr3IvAla/dhAr3evA : koThArI 4. TAMTiyA 5. pIpAr3A cauhAnoM kI upazAkhA devar3A se nisRta gotra 1. kamANI siMghavI/siMghavI 2. lor3hA sonagarA (cauhAna) se nisRta gotra DosI bAgarecA sucantI 1079 1011 dhAmAgrAma kharatara cauhAna rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata ____ AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1.Abhar3a kakkasUri upakezagaccha sAMbhara rAva Abhar3a 2. kAga kakkasUri / upakeza pRthvIdhara 3. kaTAriyA ____1182 jinadattasUri ratanapura dhanapAla 4. kAMsaTiyA . jinezvarasUri kharatara . . 5. khIMvasarA jinavallabhasUri kharatara khImasara khImasI 5. khATeDa/khaTeDa 1201 jinadattasUri kharatara khATU buddhasiMha 6. garur3a 1043 siddhasUri upakeza satyapura mahArAya 7. dUgar3a/sUgar3a 11vIM sadI jinavallabhasUri kharatara vIsalapura dUgar3a sUgar3a 8. DAgA 1381 jinakuzalasUri kharatara nADola DUMgAjI 9. tuNDa 933 siddhasUri upakeza tuMDagrAma sUryamala 10. bAgarecA 1009 kakkasUri upakeza bAjasiMha 11. bhaNavaTa 1132 dharmaghoSasUri upakeza pRthvIpAla bAgarA baNathali For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 358 12. mamaiyA jinezvarasUri 13. saMkhalecA/saMkhavAlecA 1175 ratnaprabhasUri 14. saMkhavAla 16. pIliyA www.kobatirth.org 17. bAvela 18. bhaNDArI kharatara koraMTa jinezvarasUri kharatara jinadattamUri kharatara jinakuzalasUri kharatara yazobhadrasUri saNDera siddhasUri upakeza jinadattasUri kharatara 1313 1197 1371 11 vIM zatI 19. saphalA 1197 20. bohittharA / botharA 1197 21. dassANI 4. bacchAvata cauhAnoM kI upazAkhA khIMcI se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna AcArya gaccha jinadattasUri kharatara saMkhavAla lakhamasI saMkhavAla kocarazA vikramapura pIulA bAvelA raNavIra nADola jAlora dehavAr3A 1. gelar3A / gehalar3A 1552 jinahaMsasUri kharaMtara khajavANA cauhAnoM kI upazAkhA devar3A se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna 1. kamANI/siMghI/siMghavI 1026 varddhamAnasUri kharatara mAMDavagaDha 2. lor3hA 1172 raviprabhasUra kharatara baDanagara cauhAnoM kI upazAkhA sonagarA se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra gotra saMvata 1. dosI / doSI 1197 rAThaur3a rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra rAThaur3a Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sthAna vikramapura For Private and Personal Use Only dUrArAva lAkhaNasI bohittha dassU baccho pUrvapuruSa giradhArI pUrvapuruSa samarasaMgha lAkhana pUrvapuruSa hIrasena rAThaur3oM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM matabheda hai / inake bhATa inheM hiraNyakazyapa kI rAnI diti se utpanna mAnate haiM / inakA kahanA hai ki rAjA mucakanda kA nAma rAThaur3a thA, jisake vaMzaja rAThaur3a khlaae| kucha vidvAna inheM indra kI rIr3ha se utpanna mAnate haiN| karnala TADa inheM zaka Adi anAryoM kI tathA vI. e. smitha inheM asabhya jAtiyoM se utpanna mAnate haiM / kucha vidvAna inakI utpatti dravir3oM se mAnate haiM / eka dayAladAsa inheM brAhmaNavaMzIya bhallarAva kI saMtAna mAnatA hai / IzvarasiMha

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359 mADha inheM rAma ke dvitIya putra kuza kA vaMza mAnate haiN|' isa vaMza kA prAcIna nAma rASTrakUTa hai, jo vikRta hokara rAiThar3a rAThauda, rAThaur3a, rAThaura huaa| ailorA kI guphAoM meM rASTrakUTa nareza daMtidurga ke lekha meM likhA hai :takha kaH kSito prakaTa rASTrakUTA nvayam bhagavAna rAma ke putra kuza ke kisI vaMzaja ne dakSiNa meM jAkara rAjya sthApita kiyaa| vahA~ inakI rAjadhAnI mAlakheTa thii| yahIM se inakI eka zAkhA madhyabhArata meM AI, jahA~ inake rAjya ko mahArASTra kahA gyaa| yahIM se ye kAThiyAvAr3a, badAyUM aura kannauja meM phaila gaye / badAyUM se rAva sIhA pAlI Ae aura vahA~ ke pallIvAla brAhmaNoM kI sahAyatA se san 1243 meM usane mAravAr3a rAjya kI sthApanA kI / 4. gAMgA 7. rAmasiMha rAva sIhA kI mRtyu ke bAda asthAna ne kheDagaDha chIna kara rAjya bar3hAyA / asthAna ke putra dhUhar3a ne nagANA (jilA bADamera) meM kuladevI sthApita kii| dhUhar3a ke bAda kramaza: kAnapAla, rAjapA, jAlaNaNI, chAr3a, tIr3A, salakhA kheDagaDha kI gaddI para baitthe| salakhA ke putra mallInAtha bhI lokadeva haiM, jinakA tilavAr3A (bAr3amera) meM maMdira hai| rAva salakhA ke vaMzaja kramaza: vIrama, cuNDA, kAnhA, sattA, raNamala aura jodhAjI hue| jodhAjI ne jodhapura basAkara vahA~ apanI rAjadhAnI basAI / jodhapura rAjya kI vaMzAvalI isa prakAra hai : 1. rAvajodhA 10. sUrasiMha 13. ajIta siMha 16. bakhtasiMha 19. mAnasiMha 22. saradArasiMha 25. hanavaMtasiMha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 2. sAtala 5. mAladeva 8. udayasiMha 11. gajasiMha 14. anayasIha 17. vijayasiMha 20. taravatasiMha 23. sumerasiMha 26. gajasiMha / 3. sUjA 6. candrasena 9. kizanasiMha 12. jasavaMtasiMha 15. rAmasiMha 18. bhImasiMha 21. jasavaMtasiMha // 24. ummedasiMha rAva jodhAjI ke dUsare putra bIkA ne 1485 meM bIkAnera rAjya sthApita kiyaa| jodhAjI tIsare putra dUdA ko mer3atA kI jAgIra dI gii| dUdA ke bar3e putra vIrama kA putra vIra jayamala thaa| dUdA ke putra ratnasiMha ko kur3akI grAma milA, jinakI putrI bhaktimatI mIrAbAI thii| jodhapura ke rAjA udayasiMha ke putra kizanasiMha ne san 1609 meM kizanagar3ha rAjya kI sthApanA kii| bIkAnera rAjya ke rAThaur3a zAsakoM kI vaMzAvAlI 1. rAva bIkA 2. rAvanarAjI 1. ThA. IzvarasiMha maDADha, rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 74 3. lUNakaraNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 360 4. jaitasI 7. dalapatasiMha 10. anUpasiMha 13. jorAvarasiMha 16. sUratasiMha 19. DUMgarasiMha 22. karNIsiMha kizanagaDha ke rAThaur3a rAjA 1. ratnasiMha 4. zivasiMha jI 6. chatrazAla 9. pRthvIsiMha 12. balavaMtasiMha 15. sajjana siMha 1. kezavasa 1 2. gajasiMha T 3. phatahasiMha 4. rAjasiMha 1 ratnasiMha 5. bhavAnIsiMha 6. zArdUlasiMha T 7. rAmasiMha www.kobatirth.org raghuvIrasiMha 8. kRSNasiMha 5. kalyANasiMha 8. sUrasiMha 11. svarUpasiMha 14. galasiMha 17. ratnasiMha 20. gaMgAsiMha ratanalAla ke tIsare rAjA kezavadAsasiMha ne sItAmaU aura sAtaveM rAjA mAnasiMha ke choTe bhAI jayasiMha ne sailAnA rAjya sthApita kiyA / sItAbhaU rAjya ke rAThaur3a nareza 6. rAyasiMha 9. karaNasiMha 12. sujAnasiMha 15. rAjasiMha 2. rAyasiMha 3. rAjasiMhajI 5. kezavadAsa (sItAmaU rAjya ke saMsthApaka) 7. kesarIsiMha 8. mAnasiMha 10. padamasiMha 11. parvatasiMha 13. bhairavasiMha 14. raNajItasiMha 16. lokendrasiMha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 18. saradArasiMha 21. zArdUlasiMha nAharasiMha bahAdurasiMha taravatasiMha For Private and Personal Use Only zArdUla

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. jayasiMha 2. jasavaMtasiMha 3. ajabasiMha 4. mohakamAsiMha 5. lakhmaNasiMha 6. ratnasiMha 7. nAharasiMha 8. takhatasiMha 9. dulatasiMha 10. jasavaMtasiMha IDara rAjya 1. rAvasonA 4. lUNakA 7. rAvapuMjA 10. sUrajamala 13. bhAramalla 16. vIramadeva 19. puMjo 22. karNasiMha jhAbuA kA rAjavaMza 1 . varasiMha 4. rAmasiMha 7. karaNI . anUpasiMha 13. pratApasiMha 16. udayasiMha www.kobatirth.org 10. sailAnA kA rAjya daulata siMha bakhtakharI siMha zirNAha kuzAlasiMha nAharasiMha bhavAnIsiMha jasavaMtasiMha 2. ahamalla 5. khanadatta 8. nArAyaNa 11. rAyamalla 14. puMjo 17. kalyANamala 20. arjunadAsa 23. caMdrAsiMha rAvajodhAjI ke putra varasiMha ne jhAbuA riyAsata para adhikAra kiyA 2. sIhAjI 5. bhImasiMha 8. mahAsiMha 11. bahAdurasiMha 14. ratnasiMha 17. dilIpa siMha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ajayasiMha For Private and Personal Use Only 3. dhavalamala 6. raNamalla 9. rAvamANa 12. bhIma 15. nArAyaNadAsa 18. jagannAtha 21. gopInAtha 3. jayasiMha 6. kezavasiMha 9. kuzalasiMha 12. bhImasiMha 15. gopAlasiMha 18. ajItasiMha 361 karnala TADa ne rAThaur3oM kI 24 zAkhAeM mAnI haiN| ve haiM- dhAMdhala, maDaila, cakita, pUhar3iyA, khoravarA, badUrA, chAjIrA, rAmadevA, kavariyA, haTUdiyA, suMDu, kaTecA, muhaulI, gogAdevA, mahecA, jayasiMha, muraMsayA aura joraa| DA. IzvarasiMha maDAr3ha ne rAThaur3oM kI 124 zAkhAoM ke nAma

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362 ginAe haiN| zrI jagadIza siMha gahalo ne rAThaur3a vaMza kI nimnalikhita zAkhAeM likhI haiM hatUMDiyA, chappaniyA, bADhela, siMghala, ahar3a, ghAMghala, cAcika, ghUhAr3iyA, aMgI, mohani, khokhara, dhavecA, sohar3a, rAr3adar3A, mahecA, jaitamalota, pokaraNa, bAr3amerA, koTar3iyA, jasoliyA, gogAde, cAhar3ade, devarAjota, bhadAvata, jaitAvata, jodhA, kAMpalota, cAMpAvata, mADalota, rUpAvata, pAlAvata, karaNota, maMDala, balA (bAlavata), bIkavata, dUdAvata, mer3atiyA, adAvata, ghAghariyA rAThauDa rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra zrI bhUtor3iyA' ke anusAra rAThaur3a rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 1. corar3iyA 2. rAmapuriyA 3. bhaTanerA 4. caudharI 5. gadhaiyA 6. golecchA/golachA 7. sAvaNasukhA/zAmasukhA 8. gugaliyA 9. gulaguliyA 10. nAMdecA 11. buccA 12. pArakha 13. sAdhu 14. AsANI 15. ostavAla 16. sarApha 17. muhaNota/muNota 18. pIMcA 19. chAjer3a 20. bhar3agaMtiyA 21. gar3avANI 22. muraDiyA 23. ghalUNDiyA 24. pokaraNA 25. ghemAvata rAThaur3a (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. kukubha 885 devaguptasUri upakeza ar3akamala 2. golechA 1192 jinadattasUri kharatara baccharAja 3. gadhaiyA/gadahiyA 1192 jinadattasUri kharatara senahattha 4. corar3iyA 1170 jinadattasUri kharatara corir3ayA grAma (yA caMderI nagarI) kharahattha 5. chAjer3a 942 siddhasUri upakeza zivagaDha rAva kAjala 1215 jinacaMdrasUri kharatara sivAnA kAjala 6. jhAbaka 1475 jinabhadrasUri kharatara jhAbuA 7. nakSatra kakkasari upakeza vaTavADagrAma madanapAla 8. pokaraNA jinadattasUri puSkara sakalasiMha 9. pArakha 1192 jinadattasUri Ahar3a pAzujI 10. bhar3agatiyA/gaDavANI- jinadattasUri bhAkharI grAma gaDavA 11. muhaNauta . jinacaMdrasUri kharatara kher3a mohana jI 12. mala 949 siddhasUri upakeza kher3a 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, pR 159 kannoja w a rgyu tstshaa bhyaa tstshaa tstshaa bhyaa tstshaa - - / jhaMbade 994 kharatara kharatara kharatara malavarAva For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 13. sAvaNasukhA / zAmasukhA 1192 jinadattasUri 14. 1191 devaguptasUri 15. pIMcA 1595 jinacaMdrasUri 16. rAmapuriyA 1727 rAmapurA 17. bhaTenarA caudharI, 12vIM sadI 18. gUgaliyA / gulaguliyA 19. buccA 20. AsANI 12 vIM sadI 21. osavAla 12 vIM sadI 735 1800 22. ghalUNDiyA 23. ghemAvata kachavAhA www.kobatirth.org kharatara upakeza cittaur3a kharatara jaisalamera khImasiMha (corar3iyA gotra kI zAkhA) bhaTanera 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 106 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sAvaNasukhA gotra kI zAkhA kuMvarajI abha pAMcIsiMha gularAja osatavA bhaTTArakazAMtisUrva kallAjI galUNDa hastIkuNDI ghemojI kachavAhA rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra For Private and Personal Use Only buccAzAha AsANI kachavAhA vaMza kI utpatti ke sambandha meM aneka aneka bhrAMtiyAM aura visaMgatiyAM haiN| kucha saMskRta zilAlekhoM meM inheM kacchapagAta yA kacchapari kahA gayA hai|' janarala kaniMghama ke anusAra kachuvAhA, kacchapagAta aura kacchapari kA artha kachuoM ko mArane vAlA hai| kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki kachavAhoM kI kuladevI kA nAma kachavAhI (kacchapavAhinI) thA, jisake kAraNa hI isa vaMza kA nAma kachavAhA pdd'aa| yaha donoM mata matagaDhaMta hai| kachuA mAranA rAjapUtoM ke liye gaurava kI bAta nahIM hai| karnala TADa, zeriMga, iliyaTa aura kuru ke anusAra yaha rAma ke dvitIya putra kuza kA vaMza hai| kuza kI pUrNa vaMzAvalI meM sumitra ke putra kUrma aura kUrma ke putra kacchapa hue| kacchapa ke hI vaMzaja kachavAhe khlaae| 363 zizunAga ne kachavAhoM se ayodhyA chIna liyA, to ye sona nadI ke kinAre vihAra meM rohatAzagaDha meM jA base / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yahA~ kA durga kachavAhoM ne hI basAyA thaa| yahA~ se eka zAkhA ne Akara naravaragaDha (mAlavA) kA durga banavAyA / vi. saM 977 aura vi.saM 1034 gvAliyara ke zilAlekha ke anusAra inhoMne vijayapAla parihAra se gvAliyara kA durga chIna aura phira svAmI bana gaye / lakSmaNa kA putra vajradAmA kachavAhA zAsaka bnaa| vajradAmA ke putra kIrtirAja ke vaMzadhara kramaza: mUladeva, devapAla, padamapAla, aura mahApAla hue| kutubadIna aibaka ke zAsanakAla taka ye gvAliyara ke zAsaka rhe| choTe putra sumitra ke vaMzaja kramazaH madhu, brahmA, kahAna, devAnIka, IzasiMha - IzvarIsiMha, soDhadaiva dehalarAyaya (durlabharAya yA DholArAva) hue| DholA rAya dausA (jayapura)

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364 ke bar3agUcara kSatriyoM ke yahA~ byAhe gaye, kintu unhoMne bar3agUjaroM ko nikAlakara svataMtra zAsaka bana gaye / isa prakAra dhIre dhIre va samasta DhUMDhANA (vartamAna) jayapura rAjya ke svAmI bana gaye / inake putra kAkiladeva ne 1027 vi.sa. meM mINoM se Amera chInakara apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| inakI vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai - 1. DholArAba 2. kAkiladeva 3. huNudeva 4. jAnhaDadeva 5. pajavaNadevA 6. mAlasI 7. vijaladeva 8. rAjadeva 9. kilhaNa 10. kuntala 11. jANasI 12. udayakaraNa 13. narasiMha 14. banavIra 15. udayarAja 16. candrasena 17. pRthvIrAja 18. pUrNamala 19. bhImadeva 20. ratnasiMha 21. AsakaraNa 22. bhAramala (bihArImala) 23. bhagavetadAsa 24. mAnasiMha 25. bhAvasiMha 26. jayasiMha 27. bizanasiMha 28. svaaiijysiNh| 29. IzvarIsiMha 30. mAdhavasiMha 31. pRthvIsiMha 32. pratApasiMha 33. jagatasiMha 34. jayasiMha 35. rAmasiMha 36. mAdhavasiMha 37. mAnasiMha 38. bhavAnIsiMha 28 ve zAsaka jayasiMha II ne jayapura nagara basayA / yaha nareza bar3A hI vidvAna aura khagolavida thaa| inhoMne jayapura ke atirikta dillI, AgarA, mathurA, ujjaina aura banArasa maiM pA~ca vaidyazAlAeM sthApita kii| alavara ke nareza bhI kachavAhA haiN| inakI vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai1. pratApasiMha (1775-1790) 2. bakhatAvasiMha (1790-1815) 3. bannesiMha (1815-1857) 4. zivadAna siMha (1857-1874) 5. maMgalasiMha (1874-1892) 6. jayasiMha (1892-1933) 7. tejasiMha (1933 For Private and Personal Use Only

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365 inake vaMzaja ur3IsA, madhyapradeza, uttarapradeza, jAlaura, jammU aura kazmIra aura puMcha meM hai| ThAkura udayanArAyaNa siMha ke anusAra naravaTa ke kachavAhe naruke kachavAhe bahalAte haiN| udayakaraNa ke dUsare putra bAlAjI ko zekha burahAna ciztI kI kRpA se zekhA jI utpanna hue| rAva zekhAjI ke vaMzaja zekhAvata kahalAte haiN| ye bar3I mAtrA meM zekhAvaTI meM rahate haiN| zekhAvatoM kI kaI zAkhAeM haiM, jaise- Takanela zekhAvata (zekhAjI kI TAMkara rAnI se utpanna), ratnAvata zekhAvata (zekhAjI ke putra ratnAvata kI saMtAna), mulkapuriyA zekhAvata (jayapura ke pAsa mulkapura ke rahane vAle),khejar3oliyAzekhAvata (khejar3olI grAma ke rahane vAle), rAyamalota zekhAvata (zekhAjI ke sabase sabase choTe putra rAyamala jI ke vaMzaja), tejesiMha zekhAvata (rAyamala jI ke tIsare putra tejasiMha jI ke vaMzaja), sahasamalajI zekhAvata (rAyamala jI ke tIsare putra sahasamalajI ke vaMzaja), dUdAvata zekhAvata (rAyamalajI ke dUsare putra dUdA ke vaMzaja) lUNakaraNa jI zekhAvata (rAyamala jI ke dUsare putra lUNakaraNa jI ke vaMzaja), rAyasalota zekhAvata (sUjA jI ke putra rAyasala jI ke vaMzaja), gopAlajI zekhAvata (sUjAjI rAyasalota ke tIsare putra gopAlajI ke vaMzadhara), cAMdApotA zekhAvata (sUjAjI ke dUsare putra cAMdA jI ke vaMzadhara), bherU jI zekhAvata (sUjA jI ke sabase choTe putra bhairUjI ke vNshj)| 1. kachavAhA-vaMzAvalI gvAliyara zAkhA lakSmaNa (950-975 I) vajradamana 975-995 I) maMgalarAja (995-1013) kIrtirAja (1015-35 I) mUladeva (1035-55 I) devapAla (1055-75 I) padamapAla (1075-80 I) mahipAla (1089-300 I) devakuNDa zAkhA yuvarAja (1000 I) For Private and Personal Use Only

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366 arjuna (1000-35 I) abhimanyu (1035-44 I) vijayapAla (1044-70 I) vikramasiMha (1070-1100 I) naravara zAkhA gaMgAsiMha (1075-1090 I) saradArasiMha (1090-1105 I) verisiMha (1105-1125 I) 3. 1. dulharAya 2. hanumAna 3. kAkaladeva 4. naradeva 5. jahAnadeva 6. pajlunA (pRthvIrAja || kA eka sAmanta) 7. malapaNI 8.bejala 9.rAjadeva - 10. kalyANa - 11. rAjakula - 12. tribhuvanapAla 13. vijayapAla 14. sUrajapAla 15. anaMgapAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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367 kachavAhoM (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra 1. naulakhA/navalakhA 2. bhUtor3iyA/bhUtor3iyA kachavAhA (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa navalakhA tapAgaccha - - bhUtor3iyA . . tapAgaccha bhUtigrAma - zizodiyA rAjapUtoM se nisRta gotra gohila gahalota vaMza gahalota vaMza kI utpatti ke bAre meM aneka visaMgatiyAM hai| abulaphajala ne isa vaMza ko IrAna ke bAdazAha AdilazAha nauzerakhA kI saMtAna mAnA hai| unakA mAnanA hai ki nauzerakhAM kA putra nozejAda IsAI dharma ko svIkAra karake bhArata AyA thA, usI ke vaMza guhila yA gahalota haiN| karnala TADa tathA smitha Adi ne bhI inheM videziyoM kI saMtAna mAnA hai| DaoN. bhaNDArakara ne inheM nAgaravaMzIya brAhmaNoM se utpanna mAnA hai| yaha saba bAteM kapola kathita haiN| gohila/gahalota vizuddha sUryavaMzI kSatriya haiN| inake jhaNDe aura sikkoM para sUrya kA cihna aMkita haiM aura sUryAya: namaH' isI mata ko pramANita karatA hai| yaha vaMza bhagavAna rAma ke putra lava kA vaMza hai| lava ne lAhaura para rAjya kiyA thaa| usake vaMzaja kanakasena (vijayasena) ne vallabhI (gujarAta) meM rAjya sthApita kiyaa| hUNoM ke AkramaNa se rAjA zilAditya san 524 meM vIragati ko prApta ho gayA aura vallabhI naSTa ho gii| zilAditya kI mahArAnI usa samaya ambA bhavAnI kI yAtrA ko gaI thii| use vallabhI patana kI sUcanA milI, to vaha arAvalI kI eka guphA meM rahane lagI aura vahA~ usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| usa putra kA nAma guhAditya rakhA gayA, kyoMki vaha guhA meM utpanna huaa| guhA ko mahArAnI ne eka nAgaravaMzIya brAhmaNa ko sauNpaa| bar3e hokara guhA ne IDara meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| usake vaMzajoM meM bhoja, mahendra, nAga, zIla, aura aparAjita hue| isIbhUla se DaoN. bhaNDArakara ne inheM nAgaravaMzIya brAhmaNoM se utpanna maanaa| karnala TADa ke anusAra isakI 24 zAkhAeM haiM ahAr3iyA, mAMgaliyA, sisodiyA, kelAnA, gahAre, ghoraNiyA, godha, maMgarIyA, bhoMsalA, kakoTaka, koTecA, pAra-UhaDa, usenA, nirUpa, nAdor3ayA, nAvotA, kucerA, dAsoda, 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 64 For Private and Personal Use Only

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368 bhaTaverA, pAMtA, puuraate| muhaNauta naiNasI ke anusAra isakI zAkhAeM gahalota,vIsodiyA, UhAr3A, pIpAr3A, hula, mAMgaliyA, AsAyata, kenatA, maMgarIyA, godhA, jahaliyA, moTasirA, godArA, bhIvala, mora, TIvaNa, bhAhila, tibar3akiyA, bosA, candrAvata, ghorapiyA, bUTIvAla, gautamA hai| 'vIravinoda' meM isakI zAkhAeM- gohilota, sisodiyA, pIpAr3A, mAMgaliyA, UjavarAyA, kelavA, kUpA, bhImala, ghorANyA, hUla, godhA, ahAr3A, nAdauta, AzAvata, SINa, karA, bhaTevaza, mUdota, ghAlarayA, kucelA, dusaMdhyA aura kar3ecA mAnI gaI hai| __vastuta: guhila vaMza gahalota vaMza kI zAkhA hai| vi.sa. 1034 ke zaktikumAra ke AvakumAda zilAlekha meM guhilavaMza ko guhadatta se utpanna mAnA hai| Anandapura vinirgata vipra kulAnandano mahidevaH / jayati zrI guhadatta: prabhana: zrI guhila vNshsy|| sisodiyA (gahalota) isa prakAra sisodiyA gahalota vaMza kI eka zAkhA hai| sisodiyA kI upazAkhAeM nimnAnusAra haiM 1. cuNDAvata (salUmbara meM) 2. sAMgAvata (Amera meM) 3. sAraMga devota (kAnor3a meM) 4. candrAvata (rAmapurA mAlavA meM) 5. kSemAvata (devaliyA pratApagaDha meM) 6. sUhAvata (ThikAnA dhAmodara) 7. rANAvata (mahArANA udayasiMha ke vaMzaja) 8. zaktAvata (mahArANA pratApasiMha ke choTe bhAI zaktisiMha ke vaMzaja- bhIDara aura bAnasI) 9. kAnhAvata (amaragar3ha meM) 10. jagamalota (sirohI meM) 11. vIramadevota 12. bhImasihoMta 13.saMgrAmasiMhota 14. kRSNAvata 15. rudrota (sirohI meM) 16. nagarAjajota (mAlavA meM) 17. jagamAlota For Private and Personal Use Only

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369 18. ahAr3iyA (ahAr3a grAma meM) 19. pIpArA (pIpAr3a meM) 20. nAgadeha (nAgadA meM) 21. mahayAna (madhyapradeza ke kucha kSetroM aura bihAra ke gayA meM) 22. cAmiyAha (udayapura ke rAjavaMza kI) isakI zAkhA meM (1) maDiyAra devagaDha (mevAr3a) aura gayA (bihAra) 22. bhoMsalA (zivAjI kA vaMza- cittor3a ke mahArANA lakSmaNa ke choTe putra ajayasiMha kA vaMza hai|) 23. siMdhiyA (gvAliyara aura iMdaura kA rAjavaMza) 24. goraNA (nepAla kA rAjavaMza) sisodiyA (gahalota) se nisRta osavazaM ke gotra zrIbhUtor3iyA ne nimnAMkita osavaMza ke gotroM ko zizodiyArAjapUtoM se nisRta mAnA hai 1. zizodiyA 2. surapuriyA 3. joharI sisodiyA (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa pIpAr3A 1072 varddhamAna sUri kharatara pIpAr3a karmacaMda sisodiyA 13vIM sadI yazobhadra jI - zravaNa, surapuriyA (sisodiyA kI zAkhA) - - joharI 15vIM zatI - - ThAkura padamasiMha bhATI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra bhATI ise bhaTTI vaMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakI utpatti caMdravaMzI rAjA bhATI se huii| zrIkRSNa ke vaMzajoM ne kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, gvAliyara, mathurA, dhaulapura, karaulI, jaisalamera, tathA gur3agAMvA taka rAjya sthApita kiyaa| isa vaMza ke eka rAjA rija kI rAjadhAnI puSpapura (vartamAna pezAvara) meM bhI pramANita ho cukI hai| inake putra gaja ne gajanIpura (vartamAna gajanI) bsaaii| isakA putra zAlivAhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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370 bar3A hI vIra, parAkramI, aura mahAn zAsaka thA, jisane zAlivAhana koTa (vartamAna syAlakoTa) bsaaii| isI zAlivAhana kA putra bhakta pUrNamala hue, jo bAda meM nau nAthoM meM cauraMgInAtha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| dUsarA putra bAlanda rAjya kA adhikArI banA / bAlanda putra bhATI (bhaTTI) thA jisake vaMzaja bhATI (bhaTTI) kSatriya kahalAte haiN| __kaI zilAlekha aise mile haiM, jinase bhATI vaMza ke mUla puruSa bhATI kA san 623 I meM pramANita honA siddha hotA hai / vi.sa. 686 I meM bhaTTIka saMvat bhI claa| inhoMne bIkAnera ke nikaTa bhaTanera aura govindagaDha ko basAkara bhaTiNDA (paMjAba) nAma rkhaa| bhATI ke putra maMgalarAva syAlakoTa se rAjasthAna aae| inake putra kehara ne tannora durga bnvaayaa| kehaTa ke putra vijayarAva ne bahAvalapura basAyA aura lodravoM se lodravA chInakara apanI nayI rAjadhAnI bnaaii| isI vaMza meM jesaladeva ne 1115 I meM jaisalamera durga banAkara apanI rAjadhAnI bnaaii| isake bAda jesaladeva ne paTiyAlA jItakara apane rAjya meM milA diyaa| DA. dazaratha zarmA ke anusAra 1214 vi.sa. (1157 I) meM jaisala ne jaisalamera basAyA aura ise apanI rAjadhAnI bnaaii| agara 1212 vi.saM kI paramparAgata rUpa se jaisalamera kI sthApanA sahI hai, to vijayarAja vijatA, vijaladeva, vijayarAjA 1167 I meM gaddI para baitthaa| bhATiyoM ne 623 I meM bhaTTikA saMvata claayaa| vijayarAjadeva bhATiyoM kA zaktizAlI zAsaka rahA hai, jisake kucha zilAlekha milate haiN| jaisalamera ke itihAsa meM eka se adhika vijayarAja hue| vijala ko to apane pitA ke samaya meM hI sautelI mA~ se sambandha hone ke kAraNa mAra diyA gayA thaa| vijayarAja ke liye to 'paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara' upAdhi zilAlekha meM milatI hai| naiNasI ke anusAra yaha rAva dusAja kA putra thaa| cAlukya rAjakumArI se virATa ke pazcAt ise 'uttara kA dvAra' upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| ise 'uttara dizA bar3A kiMvAr3a' kI upAdhi dI gii| vijayarAja ne cAlukya rAjA kI putrI se vivAha kiyA thA aura cAlukya rAjA siddharAja ne 1143 I taka rAjya kiyA, isaliye yaha anumAna hai ki vijayarAja lagabhaga 1222 vi.sa. ke lagabhaga gaddI para baiThA aura vi.sa. 1233 taka rAjya kiyaa| bhATiyoM aura musalamAnoM ke bIca yuddha bArahavIM zatAbdI meM sambhava hai| muslima AkramaNa kI sahI tithi jJAta nahIM hai| yaha sambhava hai ki Age bar3hate hue mohamada gorI ne lodravA kA zAsana jaisala ke supurda karA diyA ho, kyoMki bhoja ke pazcAt jaisala ne rAjadhAnI lodravA se jaisalamera parivartita kara dii| bhATiyoM kI vaMzAvalI se yahI patA calatA hai ki vijayarAja jaisala ke pahale huA, bAda meM nahIM / jaisalamera ke bAre meM sarvaprathama zilAlekha 1244 vi. kA milatA hai| vijayarAja kI mRtyu 1233 vi.saM meM huI, isaliye jaisalamera kI nIMva sambhavataH vi.saM 1234 meM rakhI gii| 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 213 2. D.C. Nahar, Jain Inscriptions, Jaisalmer, Page 4 3. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Through The Ages, Page 280. For Private and Personal Use Only

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371 vijayarAja zakti kA upAsaka thA, jisane cAhanadevI maTha kA nirmANa krvaayaa| jaisala ne phorTa apane nAma banavAyA, jisakA nAma jaisala meru rakhA gyaa| pAMca varSa pazcAt usakI mRtyu ho gii| isake putra zAlivAhana ne ise 1244 vi.sa. ke lagabhaga pUrNa karavAyA, kharataragaccha kI vRhada virudAvalI meM isakA saMdarbha hai / zAlivAhana ke pazcAt usakA putra vaijala huA, jo vijayarAja kadApi nahIM hai| vaijala kA uttarAdhikArI pitA kA anuja kelanA thA, jisane 18 varSa rAja kiyaa| __ kelhaNa kA uttarAdhikArI cIcagadeva huA jisane 28 varSa 5 mahIne rAjya kiyaa| cIcagadeva ke putra rAvalakarNA kA rAjya lambe samaya taka claa| 'kharataragaccha vRhada guruvAvalI' ke anusAra yaha vi.saM 1340 meM rAvalakarNa ke samaya meM kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinaprabha sUri vahA~ padhAre the| unhoMne rAjA ke anurodha para cAturmAsa kiyA thaa| 'kharataragaccha vRhadAvalI' ke hI anusAra rAjAdhirAja zrI jetrasiMha ke nivedana para jinacaMdrasUri jaisalamera padhAre the aura unakA adhikAriyoM aura prajAjanoM dvArA bhavya svAgata haathaa| vi.sa. 1357 (1300 I) meM jaitrasiMha ne sUrI ke tatvAvadhAna meM Ayojita eka dhArmika samAroha ke liye kucha vAdyayaMtra bheje the| __ jaitrasiMha ke putra puNyapAla ne kevala 2 varSa aura 5 mAha taka rAjya kiyaa| yaha jetasI ke dvArA haTAyA gayA, jo cIcar3adeva ke putra tejA kA putra thaa| puNyapAla ko apanI sautelI mA ke sAtha pratibandhita sambandha hone ke kAraNa haTA diyA gyaa| aneka zilAlekhoM Adi se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki alAuddIna khilajIkA jaisalamera para AkramaNa 1308 I meM huaa| jaitasI ke pazcAt dUdA zAsaka banA, jo rAva kalhaNa kA prapautra thaa| usa samaya ke pArzvanAtha aura sambhavanAtha maMdiroM ke zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiN| dUdA kA rAjyakAla sambhavata: 1309-1331 I. ke bIca rhaa| jaisalamera para dUsarI bAra AkramaNa alAuddIna khilajI dvArAna hokara gayAsuddIna tugalaka dvArA huaa| dUdA kAzatru tugalaka sultAna thA, alAuddIna khilajI nhiiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki yaha gayAsuddIna tugalaka na hokara usakA putra mohammada bina tugalaka ho| 1. mehatA nathamala, jaisalamera kI tavArIkha, 27 2. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Through the Ages, Page 680. Chachigdeve"s son Ravad Karna had a long reign and according to Khartargachachhabraha gurvavali, he was on the thone of Jaisalmer in V. 1340 (1283 AD) when the place was visited by Khortargachchha Acharya Jinprabha Suri. He had chatumars there at the request of the ruler. 3. Dr. Dashrath Sharma, Rajasthan Through the Ages, page 680. ..... at the request of Rajadhiraj Sri Jaitrasimha Jinchandra Sur went to Jaiselmer and had a splendid reception at the hands of officials as well as public. 4. vahI, pR680 In V. 1357 (1300 AD) Jaitrasimha sent musical instruments for certain religious functions performed under the aegis of Suri. For Private and Personal Use Only

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372 jaisalamera ke bhATI narezoM kI vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai| 1. bhATI 2. baccharAva 3. vijayarAva 4. maMgalarAva 5. kerA 6. tanu 7. vijayarAva 8. devarAja 9. muNDa. 10. baccha 11. dusAjha 12. vijayarAva 13. bhoja 14. jaisala 15. zAlivAhana 16. nejala 17. kelhaNa 18. cAcigadeva 19. karNa 20. jetrasiMha 21. lakhaNa sena 22. puNyapAla 23. jaitrasiMha 24. mUlarAja 25. ratanasiMha 26. dUdA 27. ghaTAsiMha 28. keharadeva (1361-96 I.) 29. lakSmaNa (1396-1436) 30. bairasI (1436-48) 31. cAcigadeva / / (1448-81) 32. devakarNa (1481-96) 33. jaitasiMha (1496-1528) 34. lUNakaraNa (1528-50) 35. mAladeva (1550-61) 36. dvarAja (1561-77) 37. bhImasiMha (1577-97) 38. kalyANadAsa (1597-1627) 39. manoharadAsa (1627-50) 40. rAmacandra (1650) 41. savalasiMha (1650-59) 42. amasiMha (1659-71) 43. jasavaMta siMha (1671-1707) 44. budhasiMha (1707-21) 45. tejasiMha (1721-22) 46. savAIsiMha (1722-23). 47. akhesiMha (1723-61) 48. mUlarAja // (1761-1819) 49. rAjasiMha (1819-46) 50. raNajItasiMha (1846-64) 51.berIsata (1864-1891) 52. zAlivAhana / / / (1891-1914) For Private and Personal Use Only

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373 53. javAharasiMha (1914-59) 54. giradharasiMha (1649-50) 55. raghunAthasiMha (1950-) isa vaMza kI zAkhAeM ambAlA, ropar3a, paTiyAlA jilA (tAvanI), gAjiyAbAda (rAvalota), siramaura (himAMcalapradeza-siramoriyA) meM milate haiN| zrI vikramasiMha guNdoja meM bhATiyoM ke mUla puruSa ke nAma se aneka khAMpoM kI ora saMketa diyA hai aura inakI saMkhyA 65 hai| bhATI rAjapUtoM se aneka jAtiyAM bhI nikalI jaise mUla puruSa jAti kA nAma maMDarAva mevAtI musalamAna pAlasena sasanavAla jATa suvasena ahIra khar3agasI jATa khemakANa cakatA musalamAna jAmarAva baniyA ANa khorI sAraNa sAraNajATa mur3ajI zrIkRSNa kI bhaTTI taka bhATI vaMzAvalI zrIkRSNa nAbha . pratibAhu padmAnu rina jAr3ecA muDajATa nAbha zAlivAhana bAlaMda cAkelA sahasarAva bhUpAta kalUrAva aju bhaTTI se jaisala taka kI vaMzAvalI bhaTTI ___ maMgalarAva zaraNarAva magalarAva zaraNarAva 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR. 215 2. vahI, pR. 215-216 For Private and Personal Use Only

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374 kehara (tanu)- maMDamarAva kaladasI mUlarAva zivarAva phUla vijayarAva zrIkRSNa kI 88vIM zatAbdI devarAja bApUrAva dUsA jaisala bhATiyoM kI vaMzAvalI naiNasI khyAta ke anusAra bhATiyoM kI vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai1. bhATI 2. vAcaravA (TADa ne nahIM dI) 3. vijayarAva (TADa ne chor3a dI) 4. maMjamaravA 5. keharA 6. tanu 7. vijayaravA / / 8. rAvalA devarA 9. muNThA 10. vacchA 11. dusAja (dusAja ke pazcAt bhaTTI vaMzAvalI nimnAnusAra hai) 12. vijayarAja laMjA (1164, 1166, 1175 I) 13. bhoja 14. jesala (vijayarAja || kAbhrAtA) 15. zAlivAhana For Private and Personal Use Only

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375 jaisala 1. zAlivAhana 3. kelhaNa pAlanA jasahaDA 2. vejala 4. cAcigadeva pAlanA 5. karNa (1283 I) 6. jetrasiMha 7. lakSNasena tejaravA (1356, 1357, 12. dUdA tilokasI 1299, 1300 I) 8. puNyapAla 9. jetrasiMha || 13. gATAsiMha | (1361 I) 10. mUlarAja 11. ratanasiMha mahArAvala devarAja se javAharasiMha taka kI sUcI jaina sAhitya- jaisalamera meM nimnAnusAra dI hai| devarAja (892 se 1022 saMvat) maMdhajI maNDa cAmuNDa (saMvata 1022 se 1065) bAdhUjI (bachera) (saMvata 1065 se 300) dUsAjI bachera ke jyeSTha putra (saM 1100 se .....) vijerAja (leja) dUsAnI ke tIsare putra (saMvata jJAta nahIM) bhojadeva (rAjya prApti hote hI jaisala se mAre gaye) jaisala (jayazAla saM 1212-144) zAlivAhana (jaisala ke dvitIya putra- saM 1234 ....) vIjaladeva (jaisala ke jyeSTha putra- pitA ke jIvita meM gaddI para baiThe aura mAre gaye) kelaNajI (jaisala putra- 1256-1275 saM) cAcakadeva (saM 1275-1306 kelaNa ke jyeSTha putra) karaNasiMha (cAcaka ke kaniSTa pautra- saM 1306-1327) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 376 www.kobatirth.org lakhanasena ( karaNasiMha putra - saM 1327-1331) puNyapAla ( lakhanasena ke jyeSTha putra- 1331-1332 T jaitAtI (jayatAlI) - karaNasiMha ke jyeSTha bhAI - saMvata 1332-1350 mUlarAja (jaitasI ke jyeSTha putra - 1350-1362 I dUdAjI (durjanazAla- bhAMTI usor3a ke putra) - saMvata 1351-1362 ghaDasI (ghaTasI - mUlarAja ke bhAI ratanajI ke putra - mRtyu 1391 saM ) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hara (mUlarAja ke pautra - rAjyakAla 60 varSa taka) 1 lakSmaNajI (keharajI ke putra- saMvat 1451-1493 'bairasI (vayarasiMha - saM 1493-1505 1 cAcakadeva (cAcojI saM 1505-1518 I devIdAsa devakarNa (cAcakadeva ke putra saMvat 1518-1533) 1 jaitasiMha jayaMta siMha (devakarNa ke jyeSTha putra saM 1581-1583 yA 1585) I lUNakaraNa nUnakaraNa (jayatasiMha ke putra 1529-1550) I mAladeva ( lUNakaraNa ke jyeSTha putra saM 1607-1618 ) T hararAja (mAladeva ke jyeSTha putra saM 1618-1634) bhImajI bhImasena (hararAja ke jyeSTha putra - 1650 se 1663) kalyANadAsa- kalyANasiMha (bhImajI ke kaniSTa bhrAtA- 1680 meM inakA rAjyakAla milatA hai) T manoharadAsa (kalyANadAsa ke putra - saMvat 1684 T rAmacaMdra (manoharadAsa ke putra saM 1700 meM rAjacyuta hue) | sabalasiMha (mAladeva ke prapautra- 1707-1717 meM rAjacyuta hue) I amarasiMha (sabala ke dUsare putra- saMvat 1717-1758) jasavataMsiMha (amarasiMha ke dUsare putra- saMvat 1759-1764) budhasiMha (jasavaMtasiMha ke pautra - 1764 - 1769 ) / tejasiMha (jasavaMtasiMha ke putra ....) For Private and Personal Use Only

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377 savAIsiMha (tejasiMha ke putra ......) mailasiMha (1778-1818 jasavaMtasiMha ke pautra) mUlarAja (akhesiMha ke jyeSTha putra- saM 1818-1876) gajasiMha (mUlarAja ke pautra 1876-1902) raNajItasiMha (gajasiMha ke bhrAtA putra- 1902-1920) vairIzAlajI (raNajItasiMha ke bhrAtaNputra 1921-1948) zAlivAhana (vairIzAla ke dattaka putra 1948-1971) javAhirasiMha (rAjyAdhikArI 1971 ....) bhATI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra zrI bhUtor3iyA' 1. Arya/AyariyA 2. lUNAvata 3. bhaMsAlI/bhaNasAlI 4. rAya bhaMsAlI 5. caNDAliyA 6. bhUrA 7. pUgaliyA bhaMsAlI 8. cIla mehatA 9. rAkhecA 10. pUgaliyA 11. jar3iyA 12. AgrahiyA/AgariyA bhATI (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. Arya/AyariyA 1175 jinadattasUri kharatara abhayasiMha Arya 684 devaguptasUri upakeza aTavar3a rAva kosala 2. bhaMsAlI/bhaNasAlI 11vIM zatI jinezvarasUri kharatara sAgara 12vIM zatI jinadattasUri kharatara bhAdojI 3. rAkhecA 878 devaguptasUri upakeza nAlera / rAvarAkheva sidha bhaNDasAla bhaNDasAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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378 rAkhecA 1187 jinadattasUri kharatara jaisalamera kalhaNa 4. puMgaliyA 1187 jinadattasUri kharatara pUgala kalhaNa 5. lUNAvata 14vIM sadI devaguptasUri upakeza gur3A guDhA (mAravAr3a) lUNAzAha 6. rAya bhaMsAlI (bhaMsAlI kI zAkhA) - thAharUzAha 7. caNDAliyA (rAya bhaMsAlI kI zAkhA) 8. bhUrA (bhaNDasAlI kI zAkhA) . 9. pUgaliyA (bhaNsAlI kI zAkhA) - pUgala 10. AgrahiyA 1214 jinacaMdrasUri kharatara agrarohA kozala siMhabhATI solaMkI rAjapUtoM se nisRta gotra solaMkI prAcIna graMthoM, tAmrapatroM tathA zilAlekhoM meM isa vaMza ko colukya, culukya, caluMkya, calikya, cAlukya, culukka tathA culuga vaMza bhI kahA gayA hai| aba ise solaMkI yA solaMkhI vaMza kahA jAtA hai| 'pRthvIrAja rAso' meM ise agni se utpanna mAnA hai |krnl TADa, viliyama kruka ise videziyoM se utpanna mAnate haiN| isa vaMza kA Adi puruSa aMjati yA cullu se utpanna huaa| kavi vilhaNa ne likhA hai ki brahmA ne culuka se eka vIra utpanna kiyA, jo culukya khlaayaa|vddngr kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki rAkSasoM se devatAoM kI rakSA ke liye brahmA ne caluka se gaMgAjala lekara eka vIra utpanna kiyA, jo caulukya khlaayaa| eka kathA yaha bhI pracalita hai ki hArIta RSi dvArA ardhya arpaNa karate hue unake jalapAtra se inake Adi puruSa kA janma huA, jo bAda meM caulukya khlaayaa| yaha kathAeM kapola kalpita, anaitihAsika aura aprAmANika hai| vastuta: solaMkI nAma ke rAjapUtoM ke do vaMza haiM- uttara ke solaMkI aura dakSiNa ke solNkii| uttara ke solaMkI bhAradvAja RSi kI saMtAna hai aura dakSiNa ke solaMkI mAnavya RSi kii| ___ DA. sI.vI. vaidya isa mata ko caMdravaMzI mAnate haiN| jainAcArya hemacaMdra bhI ise caMdravaMzI mAnate haiN| __isa vaMza kA rAjya to dvArakA, rohitagar3ha, ToMkayara meM rahA, kintu inakA prAmANika zAsana anahilavAr3A 'pATana' meM prArambha huaa| sAmbhara ke abhilekha se yaha patA calatA hai ki uttarabhArata ke cAlukya nareza mUlarAja ne apane mAmA sAmaMta siMha cAvar3A ko mArakara 941 I meM rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa vaMza kI riyAsateM gujarAta meM vAsandA, jItavAr3A, rUpanagara tathA bihAra meM pohiyAra 1. gorIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, solaMkiyoM kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha / 2. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR. 247 For Private and Personal Use Only

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379 meM hai| isake atirikta isa vaMza ke kSatriya aba gujarAta, mahArASTra, rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza aura bihAra meM milate haiN| uttarapradeza meM eTA meM isa vaMza ke 84+60 gotra haiM, jise somadatta solaMkI ne basAyA thaa| isa vaMza kI kaI zAkhAeM haiM jaise baghelA, bharasuriyA, tAMtiyA, svarNamAna, sarakiyA (bihAra meM) bhuretA (jaisalamera meM) kAlecA (jaisalamera meM) rAvakA (ToDA rAjasthAna meM) rANakarA (desUrI, rAjasthAna) svarUrA (jAlora aura jAvar3A (mAlavA) har3akaIyA (jhAMsI, lalitapura, bundelakhaNDa), kaTAriyA (bhAMNI mAlavA aura buMdelakhaNDa meN)| muhaNauta naiNasI ke anusAra isakI zAkhAe~ - 1. solaMkI 2. baghelA 3. khAlata 4. rahanara 5. cArapura 6. khaTor3a 7. vahelA 8. pIthApura 9. sojhatiyA 10. huhara (siMdhI susalayA) 11. rUjhA (musalamAna) 12. mUhaNa (musalamAna) karnala TADa ke anusAra isakI zAkhAe~1. baghelA 2. vIrapurA 3. behila 4.bhuratA 5. kAlecA 6. laMghA 7. logarU 8. bIku 9. solke 10. sikhariyA 11. rAjokA 12. rANIkA 13. kharUrA 14. tAMtiyA 15. alamecA 16. kAlAbhora hai| jagadIzasiMha gahalota ne isakI cAra zAkhAeM mAnI hai1. baghelA 2. vIrapurA 3. kulabhaura 4. bhuddA ojhAjI aura vaidya ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yaha managaDhaMta hai ki pratihAra, solaMkI, paramAra aura cauhAna agnivaMzI hai, kyoMki ina videziyoM ko agni meM tapAkara zuddha kiyA gyaa| vastuta: sabhI vIra jAtiyoM ko kSatriya kahalAne kA pUrA adhikAra hai kyoMki mUlataH kSatriya zabda karmaNA hai, janmanA nhiiN| solaMkI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra' bhaNasAlI/solaMkI/AbhU lUkar3a/kavAr3iyA/ThAkura/haMsa solaMkI/seThiyA/nAga seThiyA zrIpati/DhaDhA/talerA/tilerA 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR. 249 2. ojhA: rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR49 3. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, pR41 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kharatara 380 solaMkI rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. bhaNDasAlI/ solaMkI/AbhU 12vIM sadI jinavallabhasUri bhaMDasAla 2. zrIpati ..1101 jinezvarasUri kharatara nANA govinda 3. DhaDhA 17vIM sadI - - siMdha sAraMgajI 4.tilerA ___13vIM sadI . . kumArapAla 5. lUkar3a. 1001 dhanezvarasUri . nANA 6. sAlecA 912 siddhasUri upakeza pATana sAlamasiMha gaur3a vaMza se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra naravAhana gaur3a yaha bhagavAna rAma ke laghu bhrAtA bharata kA vaMza hai| rAjya vibhAjana ke pazcAt bharata gaMdharva deza ke svAmI bane the, jahA~ unake putra takSa ne takSazilA aura puSkala ne puSkalAvatI basA kara, unheM apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| yaha gaMdharva deza hI apabhraMza hokara gaur3a banA / mahAbhAratakAla meM jayadratha yahA~ kA shaaskthaa| jayadratha ne abhimanyu ko mArA thA aura vaha svayaM arjuna ke gANDIva se mArA gayA thaa| isake pazcAt isa vaMza meM siMhAditya aura lakSmaNAditya rAjA hue| isI vaMza ke kisI kSatriya ne baMgAla meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA, isaliye baMgAla ko gaur3a baMgAla kahA jAne lgaa| pUjya gopIcaMda isI vaMza ke the| yahIM se inakI zAkhA mathurA aaii| anaMgapAla taMvara ke do sage bhAI- sUra aura ghauTa the| yahA~ gaur3oM ke bAraha gA~va hai, yaha gaur3oM kA bAhara gA~va kahalAtA hai| udayapura jile ke ghATI sAdaDI se do mIla dUra eka pahAr3I para eka zilAlekha aMkita hai, jisakA Azaya hai, 547 saM. kI mAgha sudI dazamI ke dina rAjyavarddhana ke pautra prathama gupta gaur3avaMzI nareza ke dvArA apane mAtA-pitA kI puNya smRti meM yaha maMdira banavAyA thaa| zAkhAe~ karnala TADa ke anusAra- antari, silAtA, tUrantUDa, dusainA aura boDAnA isakI zAkhAe~ haiN| vibhinna gaur3a nimnAnusAra haiN| 1. brahmagaur3a (brAhmaNa gaur3a) 2. camara gaur3a (camAra gaur3a) 3. gaur3ahara (gaur3avAr3a mAravAr3a ke, do bhAI nAharadeva meM nAharadeva ko kAlapI kI jAgIra dI gaI aura nAharadeva ne nAra (kAnapura) ko rAjya bnaayaa|) For Private and Personal Use Only

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381 4. ameTiyA gaur3a (rAjAkAnhadeva ke vaMzajaameThiyA gaur3a kahalAe, kyoMki ve ameThI, lakhanaDa aura sItApura meM basate haiN|) 5. ajamera ke gaur3a- (nAra kI tIsarI pIr3hI meM haradeva hue| inheM ajamera kI jAgIra dI isaliye inheM ajamera gaur3a kahA jAtA hai|) 6. vaida gaur3a 7. suketa gaur3a (sukaita himAcala meM basane ke kAraNa) isake atirikta pIpariyA gaur3a (bundelakhaNDa meM) huTeDa, zAliyAnA, duhANa aura bor3ANA Adi anya zAkhAeM haiN| gaur3a (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra goThI chajalANI rAMkA bAMkA seThiyA (seThI/rAMkA-bAMkA) gaur3a (rAjapUtoM) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. rAMkA bAMkA 1185 jinadattasUri kharatara pAlI ke pAsa TAMkAvata 2. pIccholiyA 1204 devaguptasUri upakeza pAlhaNapura . 3. chajAlAnI/ghor3Avata - jayaprabhasUri rudrapallIgaccha jAvalanagara rAjA rAvata vIrasiMha chAjU ke vaMzaja chajalAnI 4. ghor3Avata . . . nAgaura zerasiMha 5. goThI 1152 jinadattasUri kharatara anahilapaTTana gaur3I 6. seThI (rAMkA kI saMtAneM) - jinavallabhasUri kharatara . kAka 7. seThiyA (bAMkA kI saMtAneM - jinavallabhasUri kharatara pAlI ke pAsa gAMva bAMkA dahiyA rAjapUtoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra dahiyA ___ yaha vaMza maharSi dadhIci kI saMtAna hai| zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM aura prAcIna graMthoM meM dAhiyA ke sthAna para dadhicika, dahiyaka, dayika, dadhici Adi zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra muhaNauta naiNasI ke anusAra dahiyArAjya bhinna bhinna zatAbdiyoM meM parabatasara, mAroTha, ghuTiyAta, sAbara, harasaura (jodhapura rAjya), naiNavA (bUMdI rAjya), jAMgalu (bIkAnera rAjya), jAlaura, sAMcora (mAravAr3a) aura derAvaragaDha meM rhaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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382 ___ parabatasara ke cAra mIla kI dUrI para eka sarvocca zikhara para bhavAnI kevAya mAtA kA maMdira hai, jisake zilAlekha (vi.sa. 1056 vaisAkha sudI akSaya tRtIyA) dadhicika cacca kA hai| yaha vaMza dadhicika kI saMtAna hai| cacca ke pazcAt yazapuSTa, kIrtisI aura vikramasiMha dAhiyA Adi zAsaka hue| maMdira ke dUsare zilAlekha (vi.sa. 1300) meM kIrtisiMha ke putra dadhIcika vikrama kI mRtyu para usakI rAnI nelAdevI ke satI hone kA ullekha hai| __ caccarAjA ke choTe putra vilhaNa ne mAroTha meM apanA alaga rAjya sthApita kiyaa| inake nivAsa sthAna devAr3A meM inake dvArA nirmita durga aura tAlAba Aja taka vidyamAna hai| mahArAjA vilhaNa dahiyA vaMza kA sabase zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| lokakathAoM ke anusAra usakI ghor3I tejA prasiddha thii| vilhaNa ke vaMzajoM kA mAroTha para lagabhaga 300 varSoM taka zAsana rahA aura terahavIM zatAbdI meM naSTa ho gyaa| jAlaura meM vIramadeva cauhAna se pUrva eka durga banA huA hai, isameM eka pola dAhiyoM kI pramANita hotI hai| bAvatarA grAma se 6 mIla dakSiNa meM muNDavA grAma ke jaina maMdira se upalabdha eka graMtha se yaha patA calatA hai ki cauthI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa jAlaura para paramAroM kA rAjya thaa| vikrama saMvat 1332 meM bAvatarAjI ke bUhar3a jI dAhiyA ne paramAroM se muNDavA chIna liyA thA aura dhIre dhIre 48 gA~voM para apanA svataMtra zAsana sthApita kiyaa| yaha kSetra dahiyAvATI kahalAtA hai| bUhar3ajI ke vaMzaja yavanoM se jUjhate hue zahIda hue, jinake smAraka para vi.sa. 1838 aMkita hai| vikrama saMvat 1797 meM jodhapura ke mahArAjA abhayasida ne dahiyAvATI para adhikAra kara dahiyoM kA zAsana sadA ke liye samApta kara diyaa| sikandara ke AkramaNa ke samaya sataluja nadI ke AsapAsa bhI dahiyoM kA rAja thaa| sAhilagar3ha (vartamAna aphagAnistAna) para bhI dahiyoM kA rAja honA pramANita hai| ropar3a paMjAba meM base dahiye (rAThaur3a) inase bhinna haiN| isa vaMza ke ThikAne rAjasthAna meM jAlaura, pAlI aura sirohI (kaira) meM basate haiN| kanavAsa (gvAliyara) meM bhI dahiyoM kA ThikAnA hai| dahiyA vaMza se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra sAlecA boharA dahiyA vaMza se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. sAlecA boharA 1217 maNidhArI jinacaMdrasUri kharatara siyAlakoTa sAlamasiMha 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR 169 For Private and Personal Use Only

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383 brAhmaNa (gotra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra varNa/jAtiparivartana kI prakriyA Rgveda ke puruSa sUkta meM cAroM varNoM- brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ke janma kA ullekha hai| prajApati dvArA jisa samaya puruSa vibhakta hue, unako kitane bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA, unake mukha, bAhU, urU aura caraNa kahe jAte haiM ? brAhmaNa jAti isa puruSa ke mukha se kSatriya jAti bhujA se, vaizya jAti urUdvaya se aura zUdra jAti caraNoM se utpanna huI hai|' zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra bhU: zabda uccAraNa karake brahmAjI ne brAhmaNa ko utpanna kiyA, bhuva: zabda kahakara kSatriya ko aura sva: zabda kahakara vaizya ko utpanna kiyaa| 'harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra dakSaprajApati aneka prakAra kI prajA utpanna karatA hai| akSara rUpa se saumyaguNa viziSTa brAhmaNa, kSararUpa se kSatriya, vikAra rUpa se vaizya aura dhUma vikAra se zUdra hue| ___ bhAratIya vAGamaya ke anusAra brAhmaNoM kA zvetavarNa, kSatriyoM kA lohita varNa, vaizyoM kA pIta varNa aura zUdroM kA nIlavarNa mAnA gayA hai| varNaparivartana bhAratIya samAja meM parivartana kI cirakAla se prakriyA rahI hai| matsyapurANa' ke anusAra garga, saMkRta aura kAvya ko kSatrovetA kahA gayA hai| gargA: saMkRtaya: kAvyA: kSatrovetA dvijAtayaH 'brAhmaNa purANa ke anusAra garga se zini aura zini se gAye utpanna hue| yaha gArmyagaNa kSatriya se brAhmaNatva meM parivartita ho gaye / 'matsyapurANa' ke anusAra bhI urukSaya ke tIna putraRyyaruNa, puSkarA aura kapi kSatriya hokara brAhmaNa hue| 1. Rgveda- 10 sU. 9 maM/3/12 utpuruSaM vyadadhu katidhA vyklpyn| mukha kimarayakau bAhU kAvUrU pAdA ucyte| brAhmavo'sya mukhamAsI dvAhU rAjanya kRtaH / urU tadAya yadvaisya, padyAM shuudro'jaayt| 2. zatapathabrAhmaNa 2/1/4/13 bhUriti vai prajApatirbraham ajayanata bhuva: kSayU~cha svriti| vizama etAvadvai idaM sarvaM yAvadvahya kSatraM vitt| 3. harivaMzapurANa dakSaprajApatirmU tvAsRjate vipula: prjaa| akSarAdvabrAhyaH somyAkSarAtkSatri baaNdhvaa| vaizvA vikArata zvaiva zUdrA dharma vikArataH / / 4. brahmapurANa 9/21/39 gArgAcchi nistato gArgya: kSatrAdrahma tyvrtn| 5. matsyapurANa urukSayasutA hyete sarve brAhmaNatAM gataH / For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 384 'bhAgavatapurANa' ke anusAra nodiSTa kA putra nAmAga nAbhAMga vaizya kanyA se vivAha karake vaizyatA ko prApta huaa|' 'harivaMzapurANa' ke anusAra nAbhAgAriSTa ke do putra vaizya brAhmaNa bhAva ko prApta hue| www.kobatirth.org mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM mahAdevajI pArvatI se kahate haiM, jo brAhmaNa brAhmaNatva prApta kara kSatriya dharma meM jIvikA nirvAha karate haiM, ve brAhmaNatva se bhraSTa hokara kSatriya yoni meM janma grahaNa karate haiM aura jo buddhihIna brAhmaNa lobha moha ke kAraNa vaizyakarma ko grahaNa karatA hai, "vaha vaizyatva ko prApta kara parajanma meM vaizya hI ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra vaizya zUdra ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra zUdra bhI zreSTha karma karate karate brAhmaNatva ko prApta ho jAtA hai| brAhmaNa sanAtanadharmAnusAra brAhmaNa janma sabase utkRSTa hai| atri RSi ke anusAra brAhmaNI meM brAhmaNa se utpanna brAhmaNa kahAtA hai, kintu saMskAroM se dvija hotA hai, vidyA se vipra hotA hai aura tInoM vedoM ke jJAna se zrotriya kahalAtA hai mahAbhASyakAra ke anusAra, tapa, zAstra aura yoni tIna brAhmaNa ke kAraka haiM / tapaH zrutaM ca yonizcetyetadvA brAhmaNa kArakam / zruti smRti meM kahA gayA hai ki saba jagaha deva ke adhIna hai, devatA maMtroM ke adhIna aura maMtra brAhmaNoM ke adhIna hai isaliye brAhmaNa devatA hai| janmanA brAhmaNI jJeva: saMskArau dverja ucyate / vidyati vipratvaM zrotriya stribhirave ca // Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'manusmRti' ke anusAra sAtavIM pIr3hI meM mAtA ko doSa dUra ho jAtA hai aura spaSTa brAhmaNatva prakaTa hotA hai| isa sAta ke bIca kI kanyA saMkara jAti ko utpanna karatI hai| 1. bhAgavatapurANa 9/2/23 brAhmaNotpatti mArttaNDa meM bahuta sI brAhmaNa jAtiyAM likhI hai kintu vindhyAcala ke uttara meM pA~ca brAhmaNa jAtiyAM - sArasvata, kAnyakubja, gaur3a, utkala aura maithila pAI jAtI hai| 2. harivaMzapurANa 3/3/9 devAdhInaM jagatsarvaM mantrAdhInAzca devatAH / te maMtrA brAhmaNAdhInAstasmAdvahana devatAH // sArasvatA: kAnyakubjA gaur3A utkala maithilAH / paMca gaur3A iti khyAtA viMdhyasyottara vAsinaH // kula dasa prakAra ke brAhmaNoM meM sArasvata paMjAba deza meM prasiddha hai / 'vAyupurANa' ke nAbhAgo diSTa putro'nyaH karmaNA vaizyatA gataH / 3. manusmRti 10/64 nAbhAgAriSTa putrau dvau vaizyo brAhmaNatAH gatau / zUdrAyAM brAhmaNAjjAtaH zreyasA caitprajAyate / azreyA zreyasI jAtiM gaccha For Private and Personal Use Only

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385 anusAra sarasvatI tIravAsI sArasvata deza meM rahane vAle sArasvata brAhmaNa kahe jAte haiN| zrI harSacarita' ke anusAra brahmaloka meM eka samaya jaba durvAsA ke mukha se jaba azuddha zabda nikala gayA, taba sarasvatI haMsI, taba durvAzA ne zrApa diyA ki tuma martyaloka meM mAnuSI ho, taba sarasvatI mAnuSI hokara dadhIci se byAhI gaI, usakI saMtAna sArasvata brAhmaNa ke nAma se vikhyAta huii| yaha jAti lAhaura amRtasara prAnta se gurudAsapura baTAlA, jalaMdhara, mulatAna, ludhiyAnA, ucca jhaMga aura zAharapura taka nivAsa karatI hai| kAnyakubja brAhmaNoM ke bAre meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM eka kathA ke anusAra mahodayapura nivAsI mahAtmA kuMzanAma rAjA se sau kanyA jnmii| vaha rUpaguNa sampanna yauvanA jaba bAga meM vihAra kara rahI thI taba sarvAtma vAyu ne vivAha kI icchA prakaTa kii| vAyudevatA kA nirAkaraNa kara usane kahA, Apa hamAre prabhu aura hamAre devatA haiM / yaha sunakara vAyudevatA ne use kubar3A kara diyaa| lauTane para pitA ko jaba yaha jJAta huA taba rAjA ne brahmadatta ko bulAkara sau kanyAoM ko dene kA vicAra kiyaa| taba RSi ke kara grahaNa karate hI una kanyAoM kA samasta roga aura kubar3Apana jAtA rhaa| vAlmIki kahate haiM, he rAma! jisa deza meM vaha kAnyakubjA huI, usI dina se vaha brahmarSi sevita deza kAnyakubja ke nAma se vikhyAta huAaura isa deza ke nivAsI brAhmaNa kAnyakubja nAma se vikhyAta ___ ayodhyApurI ke dakSiNa meM kAnyakubja deza kahalAtA hai| kAnapura, phatahapura, pharrukhAbAda, iTAvA Adi meM kAnyakubja bahutAyata meM phaile haiN| inake cha: gautra- kazyapa, bharadvAja, zAMDilya, sAMkRta aura kAtyAyana bahuta prasiddha haiM aura zeSa gautra haiM- kazyapa, dhanaMjaya, kavista, gautama, garga, kauzika, vaziSTa, vatsa, aura pArAzara dhArasaMjJaka haiN| inameM hI veda pAThI- dvivedI, trivedI, adhyApakaupAdhyApaka aura pAThaka, karmAnuSThAna karane vAle vAjapeyI, avasthI, agnihotrI aura dIkSita, zrota smArta karmAnuSThAna karane vAle zukla kahalAte haiN| brahmA ke putra marIci aura marIci ke kazyapa hue, unhIM se kazyapa yA kAzyapa ke yajJa karane se agnikuNDa se zANDilya RSi hue, unhIM se zANDilya gautra claa| zrI brahmarSi vizvAmitra ke vaMza meM kAtyAyana RSi utpanna hue, jinase kAtyAyana gautra claa| brahmAjI ke putra aMgirA, aMgirA ke bRhaspati, aura bRhaspati ke bharadvAja hue, jinase bharadvAja gautra claa| bharadvAja ke hI vaMza meM droNAcArya hue| brahmAjI ke putra vaziSTa jI, vaziSTa jI ke putra vyAghrapada aura unake upamanyu huA jinase upamanyu gautra claa| brahmAjI ke putra bhRgu jI ke vaMza meM sAMkhyAyana muni hue, inake putra gagana hue aura gagana ke putra sAMkRta se sAMkRta gautra claa| yaha sabhI kAnyakubja brAhmaNa haiN| sarayU nadI ke uttara kinAre ko loka meM sAkha kahate haiM, vahA~ utpanna hue brAhmaNoM kI sAkha saMjJA jo sAkhApArINa, sarayUpArIya yA saravariyA nAma se vikhyAta hai| baMga deza se lekara - - 1.jAti bhAskara (sampAdaka zrI jAlAprasAda mizra) pR48 2. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kanyA kubjA'bhavan yatra kAnyakubjastato'bhavat / dezo'yaM kAnyakubjAkhya: sadA brahma sevit|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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386 amaranAtha paryanta gaur3a deza kI sthiti hai| 'matasyapurANa' meM zrAvastI kA varNana gaur3a deza meM diyA gayA hai| gaNDa nadI ke pazcima kI bhUmi gaur3a deza kahalAtI hai| baMgadeza ke rAjAoM ne pA~ca brAhmaNoM ko bulAyA aura dAna se saMtuSTa kiyA, ata: gaur3a mUlata: baMgAla ke nahIM hai| isake atirikta pArAzara se pArIka, dAdhIca se dAyamA brAhmaNa hue| sanADhya brAhmaNa bhI gaur3a ke antargata haiN| ikSvAku vaMza meM utpanna hue ila se jo sudyumna nAma se vikhyAta hai, unake tIna putroMutkala, gaya aura haritAzva meM utkala ne utkaladeza bsaayaa| inake vaMzaja utkala brAhmaNa kahe jAte haiN| isI taraha maithila deza meM basane vAle maithila brAhmaNa kahalAte haiN| ___isa prakAra vaivasvata manu kI paramparA meM ikSvAku ke sudyumna se kAnyakubja kA, nimi se mithilA brAhmaNoM kA aura zaryAti se sArasvata brAhmaNoM kA vaMza claa| dakSiNa meM isI taraha karNAvaTa brAhmaNa, telaMga deza meM tailaMka brAhmaNa, dravir3a deza meM dravir3a brAhmaNa, mahArASTra meM mahArASTra brAhmaNa haiM aura sAgarakhaNDa se nAgara brAhmaNoM kI, gar3avAla meM gar3avAlI brAhmaNoM kI aura zrImAla meM zrImAlI brAhmaNoM kI utpatti huii| brAhmaNa (gautra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra' 1. kaThotiyA 2. pagAriyA/khetAnI/mer3atavAla/goliyA 3.saMghavI/siMghI/siMghavI 4. seTha/seThiyA 5. nanavANA siMghI brAhmaNa (gotra ajJAta) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. kaThotiyA 1176 jinadattasUri kharatara kaThautI grAma - 2. pagAriyA 1111 abhayadevasUri kharatara bhInamAla zaMkaradAsa 3. barDiyA - kRNNarzi upakeza nAgapura nArAyaNa 4. seTha udayaprabhasUri zaMkhezvaragaccha kAzI soma 5. siMghI/siMghavI 1121 jinavallabhasUri kharatara sirohI nanavANA boharA vijayAnaMda (brAhmaNa) For Private and Personal Use Only

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387 anya vaizya varga se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra vaizya Rgveda, yajurveda aura atharvaveda ke anusAra vaizya varga kA udbhava brahmA kI jaMghAoM (urU tadAya yadvaizya) se huaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra prajApati bhU zabda uccAraNa karake brAhmaNa, bhuva zabda kahakara kSatriya aura sva: zabda kahakara vaizya ko utpanna kiyaa| Arya jAti meM gorakSa annAdi AhArya dravya kA yoga hI vaizyoM kA karma hai| yAska ke anusAra bhUmi se utpanna hue padArthoM ko deza videza meM jAne ke liye hI vaizyoM kI sRSTi huI hai| isa vaizya jAti se hI zaiva, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM kI vizeSa puSTi huii| 'upAsaka dazAsUtra nAmaka jaina graMtha jo Der3ha hajAra varSa pUrva hai, usameM Ananda nAmaka eka vaizya kI kathA likhA hai ki usane jaina zAlAnusara yatidharma na grahaNa karake pA~ca aNuvrata dharma kiyA thaa|' ___ 'mRcchakaTika' nATaka meM zreSThi catvara jaise dhanakuberoM kA varNana hai / vikrama kI cauthI pAMcavI zatAbdI paryanta vaizya jAti parama unnata thI, usa samaya jaina aura bauddha dharma kA prabhAva camaka rahA thaa| vaizAlI, zrAvastI, pATalIputra, kAnyakuJja, ujjayanI, saurASTra, pauNDavarddhana Adi vyApAra ke nagaroM meM tAmrapatra pAye gaye haiM, unase vaizya samAja kI unnati kA patA calatA hai| agravAja, mAhezvarI, osavAla, poravAla, khaNDelavAla aura zrImAla pramukha vaizya jAtiyAM mAnI jAtI hai| agravAla vaizyoM meM jo pahale puruSa huA, usakA nAma dhanapala thaa| usakI kanyA yAjJavalkya RSi se byAhI gaI aura ATha putra mAne jAte haiM- ziva, nala, anila, nanda, kunda, kumuda, vallabha aura zekhara / zAnihotra ke nirmAtA vizAla rAjA ne apanI ATha putriyoM- padmAvatI, mAlatI, kAMti, zubhrA, bhavA, rajA aura sundarI kA vivAha ina se kara diyaa| nala kA putra yogI aura digambara hokara calA gayA aura sAtaputroM ne sAtadvIpa para adhikAra pAye / isI ke vaMza meM rAjA agrasena ne sAr3he satraha yajJa kiye| agravAloM ke gotra- garga, goIla, gAbAla, vAtAsila, kAsila, sihaMta, maMgala, bhadala, airaNa, TeraNa, hiMgala, tittata, tundala, govila aura gavana hai| mAhezvarI _ 'jAtibhAskara' meM varNita eka kathA ke anusAra 'sUryavaMzI rAjAoM meM cauhAna jAti ke khaMgalasena rAjA khaNDelA nagara meM rAjya karatA thA, isakA bahuta bar3A prabhAva thA, vaha bar3A dayAlu aura nyAyaparAyaNa thA, parantu usake koI putra nahIM thaa| eka samaya rAjA ne bar3e aramAna se eka brAhmaNoM ko bulAkara unakA bar3A satkAra kiyA, brAhmaNoM ne vara mAMgane para kahA, taba rAjA ne mahArAja mere putra nahIM hai, kRpAkara putra dIjiye, taba brAhmaNoM ne kahA tU zaMkara kI upAsanA kara tere 1. jAti bhAskara, pR266 2. vahI, pR271 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #417
388 putra hogA, parantu solaha varSa taka vaha uttara dizA meM na jAya aura sUryakuNDa meM nahIM nahAye, rAjA ne tathAstu khaa| brAhmaNa AzIrvAda dekara vidA hue, usa rAjAke caubIsa rAniyAM thI, unameM campAvatI rAnI ke putra huA, taba rAjA ne bar3A Ananda manAyA aura putra kA nAma sujAnakuvaMra rakkhA, isa prakAra Ananda se dina biite| 14 varSa kI umra meM kumAra ko eka jaina ne apanI zikSA se zaMkara mata ke viruddha kara diyA, jisake kAraNa vaha brAhmaNoM se droha karane lagA, tInoM dizAoM meM ghUmakara usane brAhmaNoM ko dukha diyaa| unake yajJopavIta tor3e gaye, yajJa yoga banda ho gaye, rAjA ke bhaya se uttara dizA ko nahIM jAtA thA, para prArabdha vaza uttara meM brAhmaNoM kA yajJa pUjana sunakara vahA~ calA hI gayA aura sUryakuNDa para jAkara pArAzara gautama Adi RSiyoM ko yajJa karatA dekhakara bar3A krodhakara kahA ki ina brAhmaNoM ko pakar3o mAro aura yajJa sAmagrI naSTa kara dI, brAhmaNoM ne yaha vacana suna rAkSasa jAna zApa diyA ki tuma saba jar3abuddhi pASANavata ho jAo, ve tatkAla aise ho gaye, taba rAjA aura nagaravAsI bar3e dukhI hue, rAjA ne to apane prANa tyAga diye, solaha rAnI rAjA ke sAtha satI ho gaI, zeSa umarAva Adi kI lieM brAhmaNoM kI zaraNa huI, unhoMne dharmopadeza dekara unheM zAMta kiyA aura saba ko zaMkara kI tapasyA karane ko kahA, una striyoM ne zaMkara kI tapasyA kI, jisake kAraNa zivapArvatI ne unako darzana de vara mAMgane ko kahA, tabarAniyoM ne kumAra aura unake sAthiyoM ko caitanya kiyA aura ve saba caitanya ho zivajI ko praNAma karane lge| zaMkara ne kahA tumane kSatriya hokara svadharma tyAgana kiyA, isa kAraNa tuma kSatriya na hokara vaizya pada ke adhikArI hoNge|'' yaha kapola kalpita kathA hai kintu isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki kSatriyoM se mAhezvarI parivartita hue| isa kathA ke anusAra 72 sAmanta khaNDelA se DIDavAnA A gaye aura bahattara khAMpa ke DIDU mAhezvarI khlaae| yaha 72 gotra haiMsonI, somAnI, jAkheTA, sauDhAnI, hurakaTa, nyAtiher3A, karavvA, kAkANI, mAlU, sAraDA, kahAlyA, gilaMga, jAjU, bAhetI, vidArA, vihANI, bajAjU, kalabhI, kAsaTa, kacolyA, kalhANI, jhaMvara, kAbarA, DADa, DAgA, gaTANI, rAThi, viDhAlA, daraka, tosaNIvAla, ajamerA, bhaNDArI, chaparavAla, bhaTaiM, bhUtaDAvaMga, ahata, indraNI, murAMgyA, bhaMsAlI, laDhA, mAlapAnI, siMkacI, lAhauTI, gadaiyA, gAgarAnI, khaTavyaMga, lakhauTA, asAtA, cecANI, muDadhanyA, gUdhar3A, caukha, baladavA, bAlado, bUca brAMgaDa, 1.jAtibhAskara, pR276-277 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #418
389 bajAja bhaMDovarA, tautalA, AgivAla, AgasaiMga, pratAnI, . nATUdhara, navAlaM, palaur3A, tApara, maNiyAra, dhUta, dhUpar3a, modaanii|| DIDU mAhezvarI se haTakara dhAkar3a mAhezvarI, khaNDelavAla mAhezvarI, mer3atavAla ityAdi hai| yaha jayapura, ToMka rAjya meM bagarU, mahala, nimADe, rAnIkheDe aura kucha cittor3a ke samIpa nivAsa karate haiN| inake gotra nimnalikhita haiM - caNDaka somAnI DADa jhaMvara rAThI mAlapAnI jArADe bhaMsAlI bAsaTa bAyatI mUMghar3e TAvANI DAgA bhaTaDa tosanIvAla kAbarA sAkauthA thIvA lAhautI nAgaurI garagaulI laNda bagheravAla dhAkhA dhAravAla maurI mauhatA mativAra mer3atavAla gUgale kulabha DIDU mAhezvarI se kucha paukara mAhezvarI ho gye| jaise kAbarA, cadesyA, sAhA, bIgaudyA, DaDavADyA, siMNolyA, dauDavAsa, dhutAvata, balavanyA, kAyakhAsa, sAbharayA, kIcaka hai| khaNDelavA mAhezvariyoM meM kucha DIDU mAhezvarI hai aura kucha khaNDelavAla zrAvaka haiN| eka samaya goDavADa meM padmAvatI nagarI ke pauravAla mahAjana ne bar3A dravya khecakara yajJa kiyA jisameM caurAsI jAti ke vaizya aae| 84 jAti ke vaizya 1. AgarA se AgaravAla 2. ADalapura se aDAliyA 3. ayodhyA se ajodhiyA 4. ajamera se ajamerA 5. Avera se avakathavAla 6. osiyAM se osavAla 7. khATU se kaThAr3A 8. karaulI se kAMkariyA 9. nagarakoTa se kapola 10. bAlakuNDA se kakasthana 11. khekhA se khaTavA 1.jAti bhAskara, pR295 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #419
390 12. khar3avAse se khar3Amata 13. khemAnagara se khemavAla 14. khaNDelA se khaNDelavAla 15. gehilagaDa se gAhilavAla 16. maMgarADa se maMgarADA 17. goragaDha se golavAla . 18. gogA se gogavara 19. gidaur3a se giMdaur3iyA 20. caraNapura se catudaNa 21. raNathambhacakaDA se cakaur3a 22. khemAnagara se khemavAla 23. cittora se cittor3a 24. cAvaMDiyA se poraMDiyA 25. somanagaDhajAlaurAta se jAlaura 26. jAmala se jAmalavAla 27. jesalagaDha se jAyalavAla 28. jambUnagara se jambUsarA 29. TIToDa se TITor3A 30. TaTerAnagara se TaMToriyA 31. DhAkalapura se dUsara 32. dasaura se dasaurA 33. dhAkar3agaDha se dhAkar3a 34. dhaulapura se dhavalakoSThI 35. nAgaracAla se nAgara 36. harizcandrapurI se nega 37. navasapura se navAMbharA 38. narAnapura se nAranagareNA 39. narasiMhapura se narahipura 40. nAgendra nagA se nAgindra 41. sirohI se nAthacallA 42. nADaulAI se nAchelA 43. nausalagaDha se noTiyA 43. pAlI se palIvAla 44. paMcama gara se paMcama 45. nosalagA se noTiyA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #420
391 46. parAnagaravAsa se paravAra 47. paukarajI se paukara 48. pAreva se pauravAra 49. pausaranagara se pausarA 50. bagherA se bagheravAla 51. badanaura se badanora 52. vidiyAda se vidiyAdA 53. brahmapura se varamAra 54. visalApurI se voMgAra 55. bhAvanagara se bhavanaga 56. bhUrapura se bhUgaDavAra 57.DIDavAnA se mAhezvarI 58. mer3atA se mer3atavAla 59. mathurA se mAthuriyA 60. sIdhapura pATana se mauDa 61. mAMDalagaDha se mADaliyA 62. rAjagaDha se rAjiyA 63. rAjapura se rAjapurA 64. lAvAnagara se lavecA 65. lAvAgaDha se lADha 66. bhInamAla se zrImAla 67. hastinApura se zrIzrImAla 68. zrInagara se zrIkhaNDa 69. abhUtA DaulAI se zrIguru 70. sIdhapura se zrIgaur3a 71. sAMbhara se sAMbharA 72. himalAdagaDha se sADauiyA 73. sAdar3I se sareDavAla 74. giranAra se soraThavAla 75. sItApura se setavAla 76. sauhita se sauhitapura 77. saunagaDha bAlaura se sauneyA 78. zivagirA vasivAna se sauraMDiyA 79. surendrapura avanti se suraMdrA 80. harasaura se harasaurA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #421
392 81. sAdanADa se hUNDa 82. haldAnagara se halada 83. hAkagaDa se hAkariyA isI taraha gujarAta deza kI caurAsI, dakSiNa deva kI caurAsI aura madhyapradeza kI bhI caurAsI nyAta hai| khaNDelavAla khaNDelavAla vaizya do zreNiyoM ke haiM kucha gautra DIDU mAhezvariyoM ke haiM aura kucha khaNDelavAla zrAvakoM ke haiN| bAraha nyAtoM meM khaNDelavAla bhI sammilita haiN| madhyapradeza mAlave meM nimnAMkita 12 nyAta mAnI jAtI hai| zrIzrImAla zrImAla agravAla osavAla khaNDelavA bagherabAla pallIvAla pauravAla jesavAla mAhezvarI- DIDU hUmar3I caurADiyA gaur3avAr3a gujarAta kAThiyAvAr3a meM 12 nyAtoM meM osavAloM ke sthAna para khaNDelavAla jainI hai| yahA~ agravAla nahIM hai cosavAla zrIzrImAla zrImAla bagheravAla pallIvAla cimavAla paulavAla mer3atavAla khaNDelavA ThaMThavAta mAhezvarI harasaurA jayapura nagara ke khaNDelAnagara ke nAga se isa jAti kA nAma khaNDelavAla pdd'aa| eka samaya khaNDelA nagarI zekhAvata rAjapUtoM kA kendrasthalI thaa| eka kathA ke anusAra vikramasamvat ke prArambha meM jina zainAcArya 507 munirAja ke sAtha lekara mAgha sudI paMcamI ko khaNDelAnagara meM padhAre, usa samaya vahA~ khaNDelAgiri nAma kA sUryavaMzI cauhAna rAjya karatA thaa| usa samaya vahA~ mahAmArI visUcikA phaila rahI thii| jisake kAraNa hAhAkAra maca rahA thaa| aneka upAya karane para bhI jaba mahAmArI zAnta na huI taba rAjA una munirAjoM kI zaraNa meM gayA aura bar3I prArthanA kii| taba RSirAja ne kahA, jainadharma svIkAra karo aura deza meM zAMti huI, 82 kSatriya aura 2 sunAra the, ve zrAvaka dharma meM dIkSita hue| mAhezvarI jAti se bane osavAla gotra 1. kocara 2. DAgA 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, pR231 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #422
393 3. baMbha 4. bhAbhU 5. mAlU 6. rIhar3a 7. lUNiyA 8. lor3hA 9. lUMkar3a khaNDelavAla jAti se bane gotra 1. koThArI 2. khaNDelavAla 3. gAMdhI 4. joharI boharA jAti se nisata osavaMza ke gotra 1. bhIlaDyA 2. siMghavI 3. nIMbajiyA/siMghavI 4. pAlAvata/koThArI 5. sAlecA mAhezvarI jAti se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. DAgA . jinadattasUri kharatara 2. bhAbhU - jinadattasUri kharatara ratanapura bhAbhU (rAThI) 3. mAlU 12vIM sadI jinadattasUri kharatara ratanapura ___ mAlhade 4. rIhar3a . jinacaMdrasUri kharatara ratanapura 5. lUNiyA 1192 jinadattasUri kharatara multAna dhIMgar3amala 6. lor3hA - vardhamAnasUri kharatara - laDhA mAhezvarI 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya khaNDa, pR 185 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #423
394 khaNDelavAla jAti se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa 1. khaNDelavAla - jinaprabhasUri kharatara jAMgala pradeza - __kAyasthoM se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra kAyastha brahmA kI kAyA se jo utpanna hue haiM, ve kAyastha kahalAte haiN| kAyastha ko cAra varSoM se itara pAMcavA varNa mAnA gayA hai| 'padmapurANa' meM bAraha prakAra ke gaur3a brAhmaNa aura 15 prakAra ke kAyastha jAti kI utpatti batAI hai| isake anusAra yamarAja ne kahA ki mujhe eka sahAyaka kI AvazyakatA hai, taba brahmA ne kahA, tumheM zIghra hI mukta kara duuNgaa| yamarAja ke jAne ke pazcAt AjAnubAhu, zyAmavarNa, kamala ke samAna netra aura hAtha meM davAta, kalama paTTI liye eka puruSa khar3A ho gyaa| vaha tapa karane lagA, taba loka pitAmaha brahmA prasanna hue| citragupta kA vivAha 100 varSa ke pazcAt zubha lakSaNa vAlI cAra vaivasvata manu kI aura pitRbhaktiparAyaNa ATha nAgoM kI kanyA se huaa| isa prakAra una bAraha kanyAoM se jagatpriya 12 putra utpanna hue| usa samaya brahmA ne kahA he citragupta, mujhako tU bahuta priya hai, kyoMki tU merI kAyA se utpanna hai| tuma isa loka meM kAyastha nAma se vikhyAta hoMge aura ye tumhAre bAraha putra haiN| kAyastha pAMcavA varNa mAnya hai| aba tuma dharmarAja ke samIpa jAkara merA kAma karo, prANiyoM kA pApa puNya saba kAla likhnaa| yaha bAraha putra nimnAnusAra haiM:putra RSi jAti (1) mADavya mADhavya RSi naigama kAyastha (2) gautama gautama RSi zrI gauDa kAyastha (3) zrI harSa zrI harSa RSi zrIvAstava kAyastha (4) hArIta hArIta RSi zrIgIpati kAyastha (5) vAlmIka vAlmIki RSi vAlmIka kAyastha (6) vaziSTha vaziSTha RSi vaziSTha kAyastha (7) saumari saumari RSi saurabha kAyastha (8) dAlamya dAlamya RSi dAlamya kAyastha (9) haMsanAma haMsanAmaka RSi sukhasena kAyastha (10) bhaTTa bhaTTanAmaka RSi bhaTanAgara kAyastha (11) saurabha saurabha RSi sUryadhvaja kAyastha (12) mAthura mAthura RSi mAthura kAyastha 1. jAti bhAskara, pR. 349 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #424
395 vidyAdAna, pavitra, dhIra, dAtA, paropakArI, rAjabhakta aura kSamAzIla honA, ye kAyasthoM ke sAta lakSaNa haiN|' kAyastha jAti varNavyavasthA meM paMcama jAti hai yA saMkara jAti, kSatriya hai yA vaizya, isake bAre meM vividha mata milate haiM, isaliye kucha bhI kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| mAthura (kAyastha) se nisRta osavAla gotra mAthura (kAyastha) se nisRta osavaMza ke gotra (tAlikA rUpa meM) gotra saMvata AcArya gaccha sthAna pUrvapuruSa copar3A guNadhara 1156 jinadattasUri kharatara maNDora guNadhara (jAlora ke modI) niSkarSa aMta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki osavaMza kI srotasvinI kSatriyoM se vikrama saMvat 400 varSa pUrva pravAhita huI, kintu ina 2500 varSoM meM aneka jAtiyAM isameM sammilita hotI gaI, unameM mukhyata: kSatriya aura rAjapUta jAtiyAM hI rahI, anya jAtiyAM bahuta kama / yaha eka taraha se kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM kA kevala dhArmika parivartana na hokara sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika parivartana thaa| 1. jAti bhAskara, pR 349 For Private and Personal Use Only

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396 paMcama adhyAya jainamata aura osavaMza : sAMskRtika saMdarbha jainamata : sAMskRtika saMdarbha jainamata ne eka nayI saMskRti kI racanA kii| jaina saMskRti yA zramaNa saMskRti kA mUlAdhAra jainadarzana hai| 'jainamata ne zramaNa vicAradhArA ko janma diyaa| jainamata eka aisA dharma hai. jise jina pAlana karate haiM, jina mukta AtmA hai, jo dukhI/pIr3ita mAnavatA ke trANa ke liye niyamoM kA pravacana karate haiN| yaha mukta AtmAeM karma baMdhanoM se mukta hai| yaha mukta AtmAeM tIrthaMkara haiM, jo dharma kA pravacana karatI hai| ina tIrthaMkaroM ne jIvana samudra ko pAra kara liyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne samAja kI vyavasthA kA vibhAjana cAra zreNiyoM meM kiyA- zramaNa aura zramaNiyAM, zrAvaka aura shraavikaaeN| jainamata zAzvata satya aura AdhyAtmikatA kA dharma hai| pratyeka yuga kI sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara ina tIrthaMkaroM ne upadeza diye| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isa avasarpiNI kAla meM - prAgaitihAsika yuga meM RSabha ne ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA upadeza diyaa| RSabha ne ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA upadeza dekara jainamata kI nIMva rkhii| yaha jainamata kA pravartana kAla thaa| jainamata ke pravarddhanakAla kI carama sImA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke yuga meM dekha sakate haiN| ajitanAtha se lekara aTThArahaveM tIrthaMkara mallInAtha ne RSabha ke hI upadezoM kA vistAra kiyaa| ___ yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne dharma ke paMca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA, vahA~ dUsare se lekara tebIsaveM tIrthaMkaroM ne caturyAma kA upadeza diyaa| pArzva ne cAra vratoM- ahiMsA, satya, adattAdAna (acaurya) aura aparigraha kA upadeza diyA, kintu usameM brahmacarya sammilita nahIM, kyoMki ve brahmacarya ko aparigraha kA hI aMga mAnate the| mahAvIra ne jainadarzana aura jaina nItizAstra kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra ne batAyA ki saMsAra meM dukha hI dukha hai, yaha saMsAra dukha bahuta hai| vyakti kAma meM lipta hai| ye kAmabhoga kSaNabhara sukha aura cirakAla taka dukha dene vAle haiM, bahuta dekha aura thor3A sukha dene vAle haiM, saMsAra mukti ke virodhI aura anarthoM kI khAna hai| bahuta khojane para bhI jaise kele ke per3a meM koI sAra dikhAI nahIM detA, vaise hI indriya sukha meM koI sukha dikhAI nahIM detA hai|' narendra surendrAdi kA sukha paramArthataH 1. T.G. Kalaghati, Study of Jainism, Page 2 2. samaNasutaM, pR16-17 khaNamitta sukkhA, bahukAla dukkhA, pagAma dukkhA, aNigAma dukkhaa| saMsAra mokkhassa vipakkhabhUyA, khANI aNatthANa u kA bhogaa| 3. vahI, pR16-17 suTThi maggijjato, kattha vikelIi natthi jaha saaro| idi avisarAsutahA, nathi, suhaM suTU vigvitttth|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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397 dukha hI hai| vaha to kSaNika hai, kintu usakA pariNAma dAruNa hotA hai, ata: usase dUra rahanA hI ucita hai|' khujalI kA rogI jaise khujalAne para dukha ko sukha mAnatA hai, vaise hI mohAtura manuSya kAmajanya sukha ko dukha mAnatA hai| AtmA ko dUSita karane vAle bhogAmiSa (Asaktijanaka bhoga) meM nimagna hita aura usI taraha karmoM meM baMdha jAtA hai, jaise zleSma meM makkhI'; jIva, janma, jarA aura maraNa meM hone vAle dukha ko virakta nahIM ho paataa| aho! mAyA (dambha) kI gAMTha kitanI sudRr3ha hotI hai| saMsArI jIva ke rAgadveSa pariNAma hote haiM, pariNAmoM se karmabaMdha hotA hai, karmabaMdha ke janma se zarIra aura zarIra se indriyAM prApta hotI haiM, iMdriyAM viSayoM kA sevana karatI hai, phira rAgadveSa paidA hotA hai, isa prakAra jIva saMsAra vana meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| isa taraha isa saMsAra meM janma dukha hai, bur3hApA dukha hai, roga dukha hai aura mRtyu dukha hai| aho saMsAra dukha hI hai, jisameM jIva kleSa pArahe mahAvIra ne karmavAda kA upadeza diyA hai| mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, karmakartAkAanugamana karatA hai, jAti, mitra, putra aura bAMdhava usakA dukha nahIM bAMTa sakate'; jIva karmoM kA bandha karane meM svataMtra hotA hai, parantu karma kA udaya hone para bhogane meM usake adhIna honA hai, jaise koI puruSa 1.samaNasuta-16-17 nara bibu hesarasukkhaM, dukkhaM, paramatthao tayaM biti / pariNAmadAruNa masAthaM ca jaM tA alaM teNa / / 2. vahI, pR16-17 naha kacyullo kacchaM, kaMDayamANo duhaM muNya sukkhaM / mohAurA maNussA, taha kAma duhaM suhaM biti / / 3. vahI, pR16-17 bhogAmisa dosa visoye, hiyanisseyasa buddhivotthe / bAle ya mandiya mUDhe, banjhaI macchiyA va khelammi / / 4. vahI, pR18-19 jANijjai cintijjai. jammajarAmaraNasabhavaM dkkh| naya visaesu virajaI, aho subaddho kavar3a gaMThI / 5. vahI, pR18-19 jo khalu saMsArattho, jIvo tatto du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kamma, kammodo hodi gadisu gadI / / gadimadhigadassa- deto, dehAdo iMdiyANijAyaMte / tohi du visayaggahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA / jAyadi jIvassevaM, bhAvo saMsAracakkavAlammi / iri jiNAroMta bhaNido aNAdiNIdhaNo saNidhaNovA / / 6. vahI, pR18-19 jamma dukkhaM, jarA dukkhaM, rAgA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kIsanti jaMta vo|| 7. vahI, pR20-21 na tassa dukkhaM vimayanti nAio, na mitta vaggA na suA na baMdhavA / ekko sayaM paccanuhoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kamma // 8. vahI, pR20-21 kammaM ciNaMti saksA, tassu dayammi uparavvasA hoti| rukkhaM duruhai savaso, vigalai sa paravvaso ttto|| . For Private and Personal Use Only

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398 svecchA se vRkSa para to car3ha jAtA hai, kintu pramAdavaza nIce girate samaya parabaza ho jAtA hai; kintu jo indriya Adi para vijaya prApta kara upayogabhava (jJAna, darzana, cAritrya) AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha karmoM meM nahIM bNdhtaa| podgalika prANa kaise usakA anusaraNa kara sakate haiM ? mahAvIra ne jIva kI mukti ke liye dharma kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA, 'dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai, saMyama aura tapa usake lakSaNa haiN| jisakA mana sadA dharma meM rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiM; ratnatraya aura jIvoM kI rakSA dharma hai ; uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama zauca, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama akAMcintya tathA uttama brahmacarya- ye dasa dharma haiN|' ___ mahAvIra ne AtmavAdI dharma kI prasthApanA kii| mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI hai, AtmA hI kUTazakhthalI vRkSa hai, AtmA hI kAmadhenu duhA hai aura AtmA hI nandanavana hai| AtmA hI sukha dukha kA kartA aura vikartA (bhoktA) hai| satpravRtti meM sthita AtmA hI apanA mitra hai aura duSpravRtti meM AtmA hI apanA zatru hai| jo durjeya saMgrAma meM hajAroM hajAroM yoddhAoM ko jItatA hai, usakI apekSA jo eka apane ko jItatA hai, usakI vijaya hI paramavijaya hai, bAharI yuddhoM se yA? svayaM apane hI yuddha kro| apane se apane ko jItakara hI saccA sukha prApta hotA hai ; mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, jIvAtmA tIna prakAra kI hai: bahirAtmA, aMtarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| paramAtmA ke do prakAra haiM: arhata aura siddh| iMdriya samUha ko AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAlA bahirAtmA hai, AtmasaMkalpa deha se bhinna AtmA ko svIkAra karane vAlA aMtarAtmA hai aura karmakalaMka se vimukta paramAtmA hai| jinezvaradeva kA kathana hai ki tuma mana, vacana aura kAyA 1. samaNasuttaM, pR 20-21 jo iMdiyAdi vijaI, bhavIya uvaogamappagaM jhAdi / kammehiM so Na raMjadi, kiMha taM pANA aNucaraMti / / 2. vahI, pR 28-29 dhammo maMgala mukkiTaThaM, asiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNo / / 3. vahI, pR28-29 rayaNatayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo / 4. vahI, pR28-29 uttamakhagamaddavajava- sacca sauccaM ca saMjamaM ceva / tavacAgama kiMtraNDaM, bamha idi dasa dhammo // 5. vahI, pR39 6. vahI, pR40-41 AtmA kattA vikattAya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca, duppATThiya suppaTTi o / / 7. vahI, pR40-41 jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jiNe / egaM jiNeja appaNaM, esa se paramo jao / 8. vahI, pR40-41 __ appANameva jujjhAhi, kiM te jujjheNa vjjho| appANameva appANaM, jaittA suhame harA / / 9. vahI, pR56-57 10. vahIM, 156-57 For Private and Personal Use Only

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399 se bahirAtmA ko chor3akara, antarAtmA meM ArohaNa kara paramAtmA kA dhyAna karo;' zuddha AtmA meM varNa rasa, sparza tathA strI, puruSa, napuMsaka Adi paryAya, saMsthAna aura saMhanana nahIM hote; zuddha AtmA vAstava meM arasa, arUpa, aMgadha, avyakta, caitanya guNa vAlA, azabda, AliMgagrAhya aura saMsthAna rahita hai; AtmA mana, vacana, karma me rahita, nirdvandva (akelA), nimarma (mamatvarahita), niSphala (zarIra rahita), nirAvalamba (paradravyAlambana se rahita), vItarAga, nirdoSa, moharahita aura nirmama hai; AtmA nigraMtha hai, nIrAga hai, nizalya (mAyArahita) hai, sarvadoSoM se nirmukta hai, niSkAma hai aura ni:krodha, nirmAna aura nirmada hai; AtmA na zarIra hai, na mana hai, na vANI hai, na kAraNa hai, na kartA hai, na karane vAlA hai aura na kartA kA anumodaka hai|' ___ AtmA kI yAtrA bahirAtmA se aMtarAtmA kI ora hote hue paramAtmA taka pahu~cane ke liye mokSa taka pahu~cane kI yAtrA hai| bhAratIya jIvana dRSTi ke anusAra cAroM puruSArthoM meM yaha dharma se mokSa taka kI yAtrA hai- artha aura kAma kI sthiti bIca meM hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritrya mokSa ke mArga haiM / yahI jaina darzana kA AcAra zAstra hai| (samyaga) darzana, jJAna, cAritrya tathA tapa ko jinendradeva ne mokSa kA mArga kahA hai| yaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra do prakAra kA hai| zubha aura azubha bhAva mokSamArga nahIM hai|' zubhabhAva se vidyAdharoM, devoM aura manuSyoM kI karAMjalibadda stutiyoM se cakravartI samrATa kI vipula rAjalakSmI upalabdha ho sakatI hai, kintu samyagasambodhi prApta nahIM hotii| 1. vahI, pR.58-59 AruhaMti aMtarappA, bahirappo chaMDiUNa tiviheNa / jhAijjai paramappA, uvaiTThaM jiNivariMdehiM / / 2. vahI, 58-59 vaNNa rasagaMdha phAsA, thI puMsaNaqsuyAdi- pjjaayaa| saMThANA saMhaNaNA, save jIvassa No saMti / / 3. vahI, pR58-59 ara samaruvamagaMdha, avvattaM cedaNAguNamasadaM / jANa aliMgaggahaNaM, jIvamaNiddiTThasaMThANaM // 4. vahI, pR58-59 NiiMDo NibaMdo, Nimmamo NikkAlo NirAlaMbo / NirAgo NiddoNI, jimmUDho Nibbhayo appA / / 5. samaNasuttaM, pR 58-59 NigaMtho NisorAgo, Nissallo sayaladosaNimmukko / NikkAmo Nikkoho, NimmANo, Nimmado appA / / 6. vahI, pR60-61 NAhaM deho Na mayo, Na ceva vANI Na kAraNaM tesiN| kattA Na Na kArayidA, aNumaMtA Neva kattINaM / / 7. vahI, pR64-65 dasaNaNANa carittANi, mokkhamammo tti sevidavvANi / sAdhUhi idaM bhaNidaM, tehi du baMdho va mokkho vA // 8. sumaNasutaM, pR 66-67 khayarAmaramaNuya- karaMjali- mAlahiMcasaMthuyA viDalA, cakka hararAyalacchI, bohI Na bhavvaNuo / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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400 jainamata kI nIMva ke patthara tIna ratna hai, jise ratnatraya kahA jAtA hai| yaha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritrya hai| mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, dharma Adi kA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| aMgoM aura pUrvo kA jJAna samyagajJAna hai, tapa meM prayatnazIlatA samyagcAritra hai| yaha vyavahAra mokSa mArga hai|' jJAna se jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se usakA zraddhAna karatA hai, cAritrya se virodha karatA hai aura tapa se vizuddha hotA hai, tInoM eka dUsare ke pUraka hai| samyagdarzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA cAritra guNa nahIM hotA, cAritra guNa ke binA mokSa nahIM hotA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa nahIM hotA; AtmA meM lIna AtmA hI samyagdRSTi hai, jo AtmA ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAnatA hai, vahI samyagjJAna aura usameM sthita rahanA hI samyagcaritra hai| isa prakAra AtmA hI jJAna hai, AtmA hI darzana hai aura AtmA hI saMyama aura yoga hai| ata: jainamata mUlata: AtmavAdI darzana ___ ratnatraya meM samyagdarzana hI sAra hai aura yahI mokSarUpa mahAvRkSa kA mUla hai| yaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| AtmA hI samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana satya ke sAkSAtkAra kI sahI dRSTi hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM, koI to viSayoM kA sevana karate hue bhI sevana nahIM karatA aura koI sevana na karate hue bhI sevana karatA hai, jaise koI puruSa vivAhAdi kArya meM lagA rahane para bhI usa kArya kA svAmI nahIM hone se kartA nahIM hotA;' kAmabhoga na samabhAva utpanna karate haiM aura na vikRti, jo unake prati dveSa aura mamatva rakhatA hai vaha unameM vikRti ko prApta hotA hai| 1. vahI, pR68-69 dhammAdIsaMdahaNaM sammataM NANamaMgapunvagadaM / ciTThA tavaMsi cariyA, vavahAro mokkhamaggo ti // 2. vahI, pR68-69 NANeNa jANaI bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya saddahe / caritteNa nigiNhAi, taveNa pari sujjhaI / / 3. vahI, pR70-71 nAdaM saNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na huMti caraNaguNA / aguNissa nasthi mokkho, natthi amokhassa nivvANaM / / 4. samaNasutaM, pR72-73 appA appammi rao, sammAiTThI havei phuDu jiivo| jANai taM saNNANaM, caradiha cAritta maNu ti / / 5. samaNasutaM, pR72-73 AyA hu mahaM nANe, AyA meM daMsane caritte ya / AyA paccakkhANe, AyA meM saMjame joge / 6. vahI, pR72-73 sammatarayaNasAraM, mokkhamahArukkhamUlamidi bhaNiyaM / taM jANijjai Nicchaya, vavahArasarU vadomeyaM // 7. vahI, pR74-75 sevaMto viNa sevai, asevamANo vi sevago koii| pagaraNaceTThA kassa vi, Na ya pAyaraNo tti so hoii|| 8. vahI, pR76-77 na kAmabhogA samayaM uti, na yAvi bhogA vigaI uti / je tappaosIya pariggahI ya, so tesa mohA vigaI uveddi|| For Private and Personal Use Only

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401 samyagdarzana hI divyadRSTi hai, jo hameM aMdhakAra se prakAza, asatya se satya aura mRtyu se amaratva kI ora le jAtI hai| samadarzana rUpI svarNapAtra meM cAritrya rUpI amRta hI muktirUpI phala pradAna karatA hai| samyagadarzana mukti kA bIja hai| jo mithyAvAdI hai, use samyagadarzana nahIM hotaa| 'tatvArthasUtra' ke anusAra mithyAtvIko sad-asada kA viveka nahIM hotA hai, vaha yathArtha-ayathArtha kA aMtara nahIM jaantaa| isaliye saMyoga se kabhI bhalA bana par3atA hai, vaha yadRcchopalabdha hai| samyagdarzana saba dharmoM kA kendrIya tatva hai, saMyama aura samatA kA mUla hai, vratoM aura mahAvratoM kA AdhAra stambha hai, adhyAtma sAdhanA kI AdhAra zilA hai, mokSa mArga kA prathama sopAna hai, cAritrya sAdhanA ke maMdira kA praveza dvAra hai, jJAna ArAdhanA kA svarNima sopAna hai, mukti prApti kA adhikAra patra hai, adhyAtma vikAsa kA siMhadvAra hai, pUrNatA kI yAtrA kA parama pAtheya hai, ananta zakti para vizvAsa kA preraNAsrota hai, cetanA kI malinatA nivAraNa kA amogha upAya hai, antazcetanA ke jAgaraNa kA agradUta hai, paramAtmadazA kA bIja hai, jinatya kI prazasta bhUmikA hai, cetanA ke urdhvArohaNa kA maMgalamaya mArga hai, AdhyAtma zakti kA mUlabhUta niyantA hai aura bhedavijJAna kA prANatatva hai| samyagdarzana sabaratnoM meM mahAratna hai, saba yogoM meM uttamayoga hai, saba RddhiyoM meM mahARddhi hai aura saba siddhiyoM ko pradAna karane vAlA hai| vastuta: samyagdarzana hai satyadRSTi, tatvadRSTi, zuddha caitanya dRSTi yA prmaatmdRsstti| ___ jainamata eka yathArthavAdI darzana hai| yaha apane dRSTi meM prayogAtmaka aura vidhi kI dRSTi se vizleSaNAtmaka hai| jainamata ke pratyeka dArzanika pratipatti ko vyAvahArika dharAtala para utArA jA sakatA hai| jainadharma kA dRSTikoNa hai - pahale dRSTi badaleM, bAda meM sRsstti| arthAt pahale vicAra badaleM, pIche AcAra / ' samyagdarzana eka mUla hai, eka AdhyAtmika mUla hai| bhAratIya samAja aura bhAratIya saMskRti ne zreSTha mUla saMhitA pradAna kI hai, unameM samyagdarzana eka zAzvata mUlya hai| samyagdarzana hamArI saMskRti kI amUlya dharohara hai, kyoMki yaha eka AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi hai| 'samyagdRSTi vaha naukA hai, jisa para ArUDhe vyakti saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kara letA hai, samyagdarzana eka pArasamaNi hai, jise prApta karane vAlA vyakti jIvana rUpa lohakhaNDa ko svarNamaya banA detA hai, samyagdarzana eka kavaca hai, jisase AtmA mithyAtvarUpIzatruoM se surakSita ho jAtA hai, samyaktva eka jagamagAtA prakAza hai, amRta rasa kI dhAra hai aura samyakatva AtmA kI svataMtratA kA rAjamArga hai, jabaki mithyAtva AtmA kI parataMtratA kA kaNTakAkIrNa maarg|" AcArya rajanIza ne samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga mAne haiM- (1) nizaMkA arthAt abhaya (2) niSkAMkSA (AkAMkSA kA abhAva) 3. 1. umAsvAmI, tatvArthasUtra 1/33 ___ sadasatoravizeSAd yadcchopalabdherunmattavat / / 2. jinavANI agasta, 96, samyagdarzana vizeSAMka, pR 69 3. vahI, pR 104 4. vahI, pR149 5. Kalghatagi, T.G., Study of Jainism, Page 138 Jainism is a realistic philosophy. It is empiricist in out look and it is analytical in methodology. 6. jinavANI, agasta, 1996, samyagdarzana vizeSAMka, 253 7. vahI, pR325 For Private and Personal Use Only

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402 nirvicikitsA (jugupsA kA abhAva- apane doSa aura dUsaroM ke guNoM ko chupAnA) 4. amUDha dRSTi- (1) devamUDhatA (2) gurumUDhatA 5. upagUhana (apane guNoM aura dUsare ke doSoM ko prakaTa na karanA- jugupsA ke viparIta) 6. sthirIkaraNa 7. vAtsalya 8. prabhAvanA (isa bhAMti jio ki dharma kI prabhAvanA ho)|' isa prakAra samyagdarzana jaina AcAra saMhitA kA eka vyAvahArika mUlya hai, . jisakI nIMva para zramaNa saMskRti kA bhavya bhavana nirmita hai| samyagjJAna mokSa mArga kI dvitIyasIDhI hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, 'sAdhaka sunakara hI kalyANa yA AtmAhita kA mArga jAna sakatA hai, sunakara hI pApa yA ahita kA mArga jAnA jA sakatA hai, jaise dhAgA piroI huI suI gira jAne para bhI khotI nahIM hai, vaise hI sasUtra arthAt zAstrajJAna yukta jIva saMsAra meM naSTa nahIM hotA, jisa vyakti meM paramANu bhara bhI rAgAdi bhAva vidyamAna hai, vaha samasta Agama kA jJAtA hote hue bhI AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA, AtmA ko nahIM jAnane se anAtmA ko nahIM jAnatA, taba vaha jIva-ajIva ko nahIM jAnatA, taba vaha samyagdRSTi kaise ho sakatA hai| jisase tatva kA jJAna hotA hai, citta kA nirodha hotA hai, tathA AtmA vizuddha hotI hai, usI ko jinazAsana kA jJAna kahA gayA hai, jisase jIva rAgAvimukha hotA hai, zreya meM anurakta hotA hai, jisase metrI bhAva prabhAvita hotA hai, usI ko jinazAsana meM jJAna kahA gayA hai; jo AtmA ko isa apavitra zarIra se tatvata: bhinna tathAjJAyaka bhAvarUpa jAnatA hai, vahI samasta zAstroM ko jAnatA hai;' jo jIva AtmA ko zuddha jAnatA hai vahI zuddha AtmA ko prApta karatA hai aura jo AtmA ko azuddha arthAt 1. jinavANI, agasta 96, samyagdarzana vizeSAMka, pR401-409 2. samaNasutaM, pR 80-81 soccA jANaI kallANaM, soccA jANaI pAvagaM / umaya vi jANae socA, jaM cheyaM taM samAyare / 3. vahI, pR80-81 suI jahA susattA, na nassaI, kayavarammi paDiA vi| jIvo vi taha susatto, na nassai gao vi sNsaaro|| 4. vahI, pR82-83 paramANumittaaM vi hu, rAyAdINaM tu vijjade jassa / Na vi so jANadi appANayaM tu savvAgamadharo / / appANamayANaMto, aNappayaM cAvi so ayaannNto| kaha hodi sammadiTThI, jIvAjIve ayANaMto / / 5. samaNasuttaM, pR82-83 jeNa taccaM bibujjheja, jeNa cittaM Nirujjhadi / jeNa attA visujjheja, taM NANaM jiNasAsaNe / / 6. vahI, pR82-83 jeNa rAgA virajjeja, jeNa seesu rajadi / jeNa mitI paramAveja, taM NANaM jiNasAsaNe / / 7. vahI, pR82-83 jo appANaM jANadi, asui-sarIrAdu taccado bhinnaM / jANaga-rUva-sarUvaM, so satthaM jANade savvaM / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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403 dehAdimukta jAnatA hai, vaha azuddha AtmA ko hI prApta hotA hai; jo adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai vaha bAhya (bhautika) ko jAnatA hai, jo bAhya ko jAnatA hai vaha adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai; jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba (jagata) ko jAnatA hai aura jo saba ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| isa prakAra adhyAtma kI, mokSa kI dUsarI sIDhI samyagjJAna hai| mokSa kI tRtIya aura aMtima sIDhI samyagcAritrya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, azubha se nivRtti aura zubha meM pravRtti hI vyavahAra cAritra hai, cAritryazUnya puruSa kA vipula zAstra jJAna bhI vyartha hI hai, jaise ki aMdhe ke Age lAkhoM lAkhoM dIpaka jalAnA vyartha hai; cAritrya sampanna kA alpajJAna bhI bahuta hai aura cAritravihIna kA bahuta zrutajJAna bhI niSphala hai; nizcayanaya ke dvArA AtmA kA AtmA meM AtmA ke liye tanmaya honA hI samyagcaritra hai, aise caritrazIla yogI ko hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai; vAstava meM cAritrya hI dharma hai, isa dharma ko zamarUpa kahA gayA hai, moha yA kSobha se rahita AtmA kA nirmala pariNAma hI sama yA samatA rUpa hai|' samatA, mAdhyasthabhAva, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra, dharma aura svabhAva ArAdhanA- ye sabaekArthaka zabda haiN| samyagcaritra ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AdhyAtmika bhitti para samatAvAda kI pratiSThApanA kii| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyamcAritra- ina tIna ratnoM kA samanvaya apekSita hai| 1. vahI, pR84-85 suddhaM tu viyANato, suddha cekppayaM lahai jiivo| jANaM to du asuddhaM, asuddhamevappayaM lahaI / / 2. vahI, pR84-85 je ajatthaM jANai, se bahiyA jANaI / je bahiyA jANai, te ajjhatthaM jANaI / 3.samaNasutaM, pR84-85 je egaM jANai, "se savvaM jANaI / je savvaM jANaI, se eNaM jANaI // 4. vahI, pR86-87 subahuM pi suyamahIyaM kiM kAhiya caraNavippahINassa / aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassa koDI vi // 5. vahI, pR86-87 thovammi sikkhade jiNai, bahusudaM jo caritta sNpunnnno| jo puNa carittahINo, kiM tassa sudeNa bahueNa / / 6. vahI, pR88-89 * NicchayaNayassa evaM, appA apammi appaNe surdo| so hodi sucaritto, joI so lahai NivvANaM // 7. samaNasutaM, pR90-91 cArittaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samo tti nniddittho| mohakkhohavihINo, pariNAmo, appaNo hu smo| 8. samaNasutaM, pR90-91 samadA taha majjhatthaM, suddho bhAvo ya vIyarAyataM / taha cArittaM dhammo, sahAvaArAhaNA bhaNiyA / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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404 nizcaya cAritrya sAdhyarUpa hai aura vyavahAra cAritrya usakA sAdhana hai;' zraddhA ko nagara, tapa aura saMvara ko argalA, burja,khAI aura zataghnI svarUpa triguNi (mana vacanakAya) se surakSita tathA sudRr3ha prakAra banAkara tapa rUpI bANoM se yukta dhanuSa se karma kavaca ko bhedakara saMgrAma kA vijetA muni saMsAra se mukta hotA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jainamata ke bhavana kI nIMva ke dvArA triratnasamyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ke dvArA rkhii| ___ jainamata ke bhavya bhavana kA nirmANa pA~ca stambhoM rUpI pAMca mahAvratoM- aNuvratoM para TikA hai- ye haiM- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya / yaha zramaNa ke liye mahAvrata hai aura zrAvaka ke liye annuvrt| jainamata kA AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika saMdarbha ahiMsA para TikA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, jJAnI kA sAra yahI hai ki kisIprANI kI hiMsA na kre| ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma hai, yahI ahiMsA kA vijJAna hai; sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nahIM, isaliye prANavadha ko bhayAnaka jAnakara niAtha usakA varjana karate haiM; jaise tumheM dukha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI jIvoM ko dukha priya nahIM hai- aisA jAnakara pUrNa Adara aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka Atmaupamya kI dRSTi se saba para dayA karo; jIva kA vadha apanA hI vadha hai, jIva kI dayA apanI hI hai; jise tU hanana yogya samajhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jise tU AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai; hiMsA se virata na honA, hiMsA kA pariNAma rakhanA hiMsA hI hai, isaliye jahA~ pramAda hai, vahA~ nitya hiMsA hai; jaise jagata meM meruparvata se U~cA aura AkAza se vizAla aura kucha nahIM, vaise hI ahiMsA ke samAna koI dharma nahIM hai; 1. vahI, pR90-91 Nicchaya sajjhasarUvaM, sarAya tasseva sAhaNaMcaraNaM / tamhA do vi ya kamaso, paDicchamANaM paqjheha / / 2. vahI, pR92-92 saI nagaraM kiccA, tavasaMvara maggalaM / khanti niDaNapAgAraM, tigutaM duppa ghaMsayaM / / tavanArAyajutteNa, bhittUNaM kammakaMcuyaM / muNI vigaya saMgAmo, bhavAo parimuccae / / 3. samaNasutaM, pRSTha 47 4. vahI, pR47 5. vahI, pR49 jaha te na piaMdukkha, jANia emeva savvajIvANaM / savvAyaramuvautto, attovammeNa kuNasu dayaM / / 6. vahI, pR49 7. vahI, pR49 tumaM si nAma sa ceva, haMtavvaM ti manasi / tumaM si nAma sa ceva, jaM ajjAveyavvaM ti manasi // 8. vahI, pR49 hiMsAdoaviramaNaM, vaha pariNAmo ya hoi hiMsA hu| tamhA pamattajoge, pANavvavarovao Nicca / / 9. vahI, pR51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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405 jainamata kA mUlamaMtra ahiMsA hai| jainamata ke anusAra adhyAtma kI AdhArazilA ahiNsaa| zramaNa saMskRti ahiMsA rUpI stambha para TikI hai| ahiMsA ke abhAva meM saMsAra meM dukha aura pIr3A utpanna hotI hai| jo hiMsA karatA hai, vaha pramatta hotA hai, dukhI rahatA hai, pratizodha kI mAnasika vedanA se sadaiva pIr3ita rahatA hai| 'tatvArthasUtra ke anusAra aisA vyakti zArIrika aura mAnasika utpIr3ana jhelatA hai aura usa mRtyu ke pazcAt puna: janma lene kI pIr3A bhoganI par3atI hai|' hiMsA meM ghamaNDa aura pUrvAgraha, moha aura ghRNA hotI hai / hiMsA meM dRSTi aura lakSya bhI mahatvapUrNa hai jo zArIrika hiMsA karatA hai, vaha sthUla hiMsA hai, jo mAnasika dRSTi se hiMsA ke liye socatA hai, vaha sUkSma hiMsA hai| jainamata ke anusAra ahiMsA kAyaratA nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka aura pratibodhAtmaka pakSa donoM hai| yaha pratibodhAtmaka rUpa meM karuNA, dayA aura vAtsalya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, jIva samUha kI hiMsA karatA hai, yA dUsaroM ke dvArA trasakAya jIva samUha kI hiMsA karate hue dUsaroM kA anumodana karate haiM, vaha hiMsA kArya manuSya ke ahita ke liye hotA hai, vaha usake liye adhyAtmahIna bane rahane kA kAraNa hotA hai| hiMsA kA kAraNa kucha bhI ho, phira bhI hiMsA hiMsA hI hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, kucha manuSya pUjA satkAra ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha manuSya hariNa Adi ke camar3e ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha manuSya mAMsa ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha manuSya khUna ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha manuSya hRdaya ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha pitta ke liye, kucha carbI ke liye, kucha paMkha ke liye, pUMcha ke liye, bAla ke liye, sIMga ke liye, hAthI dAMta ke liye, dAMta ke liye, dADha ke liye, nakha ke liye, snAyu ke liye, haDDI ke liye, bhItarI rasa ke liye kisI uddezya ke liyA tathA binA kisI uddezya ke liye vadha karate haiM, kucha karavAte haiN|' mahAvIra svAmI ne spaSTa kahA, koI bhI prANI, koI bhI jantu, koI bhI jIva, koI bhI prANavAna mArA nahIM jAnA cAhiye, zAsita nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye, satAyA nahIM jAnA cAhiye, azAMta nahIM kiyA jAnA caahiye| aha ahiMsAdharma zuddha hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai|' 1. tatvArthasUtra, VII/5 2.DA. kamalacaMda sogAnI, AcarAMga cayanikA, 13 sayameva tasakANasatthaM samAraMbhati, aNNe hi vA tasakAya satthaM sabhAraMbhAveti, aNNe vA tasakAyasatthaM samuNajANati taM se ahitAe taM se abodhIe / 3. AcarAMgacayanikA, 14-15 se bemi- appege accAe badheti, appege ajiNAe vadheti, appege maMsAe badheti, appege himayAe vadheti, evaM pittAe vasAe picchAe pucchAe bAlAe siMgAe visANAe dADhAe nahAe NhAruNIya aTTie advimiMjAe aTTAe aNaTThAe appege hiMsisu me tti vA, appege hiMsati vA appege hiMsissAtivANe vdheti| 4. vahI, pR48-49 savvepANA savve bhUtA savvejIvAsavvesattANahaMtaNNae, Na ajjAvetavyA, na parivettavvA, Na paritAveyatvA, Na uddeveyavvA / esa dhamme sudde Nitie sAsae samecca loyaM kheta paNe hiM pavedite / For Private and Personal Use Only

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406 __isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jainamata kI bhitti ko ahiMsArUpI sudRr3ha stambha para sthApita kiyaa| anya mahAvrata aNuvrata bhI ahiMsA rUpI vrata se hI udbhUta hai| ahiMsA rUpI stambha ke Dhahane se jIvana rUpIbhavana kisI bhI kSaNa Dhaha sakatA hai| ahiMsA jIvana aura mokSa donoM kA mUlamaMtra hai| ahiMsA ke dvArA hI vyakti kA rUpAntaraNa kara mahAvIra ne eka nayI saMskRti kI racanA kii| satya jainamata kA dvitIya stambha hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAnyatA hai ki jo jIva mithyAtva se grasta hotA hai, usakI dRSTi viparIta ho jAtI hai| use dharma bhI rucikara nahIM lagatA, jaise jvaragrasta manuSya ko mIThA rasa bhI acchA nahIM lagatA'; mithyAtva jIva tIvra kaSAya se pUrI taraha AviSTa hokara jIva aura zarIra ko eka mAnatA hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai; jo tatvavicAra ke anusAra nahIM calatA, usase bar3A mithyAdRSTi aura dUsarA kauna ho sakatA hai ? vaha dUsaroM ko zaMkAzIla banAkara apane mithyAtva ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai| he manuSya ! satya kA hI nirNaya kara, jo satya kI AjJA meM upasthita hai, vaha meghAvI mRtyu ko jIta sakatA hai, sundara citravAlA (saMyamI) vyakti dharma (adhyAtma) ko grahaNa kara zreSThatA ko dekhatA rahatA hai, vaha vyAkulatA meM nahIM pha~satA'; jo anupama (AtmA) ko jAnatA hai vaha saba (viSamatAoM) ko jAnatA hai, jo saba ko jAnatA hai, vaha anupama AtmA ko jAnatA hai; jo vyakti krodha ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha ahaMkAra ko samajhane vAlA hai, jo ahaMkAra ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha mAyAcAra ko samajhane vAlA hai, jo mAyAcAra ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha lobha ko samajhane vAlA hai, jo lobha ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha rAga ko samajhane vAlA hai, jo rAga aura dveSa ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha Asakti ko samajhane vAlA hai, jo Asakti ko samajhane vAlA hai, vaha vibhinna prakAra ke dukhoM ko samajhane vAlA hai| 1. samaNasutaM, pR23 2.vahI, pR24-25 micchattapariNadappA tivvakasAeNa suDu aavittttho| jIvaM dehaM ekaM, maNNaMto hodi bahiraNNA / / 3. vahI, pR24-25 jo jahavAyaM na kuNaI, micchAdiTThI tao hu ko annaa| vaDDhai ya micchataM, parassa saMkaM jaNe mANo / / 4.AcarAMga cayanikA, pR44-45 purisA / saccameva smmijaannaahi| saccassa ANAe se uvaTThie medhAvI mAraM tarati / sahite dhammAdAya seyaM samaNupassati / sahite dukkhamatAe puTTho No jhaMjhAe / 5. vahI, pR44-45 6. vahI, pR46-49 je kohadaMsI se mANadaMsi, je mANadaMsI se mAyadaMsI, je mAyadaMsI se lobhadaMsI, je lobhadaMsI se pejadaMsI, je pejjadaMsI se dosadaMsI, je dosadaMsI se mohadaMsI, je moharajI ......... se dukkhadaMsI / For Private and Personal Use Only

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407 satya eka zAzvata jIvanamUlya hai kintu syAdavAda ke dvArA mahAvIra ne satya ko zAzvata ke sAtha udAradRSTi se sApekSa bhI mAnA hai| syAdavAda ke dvArA mahAvIra ne saptabhaMgI nyAya- syAt asti, syAtanAsti, syAt asti-nAsti, syAt avaktavya, syAt asti avaktavya, syAt nAsti avaktavyaM, syAt asti nAsti avaktavyaM kI sthApanA kii| mahAvIra ne syAdavAda ke dvArA aisI saMskRti kI racanA karanAcAhate the, jisase dhArmika vivAda samApta ho jaay| bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM, kucha kevala apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM, tathA dUsaroM ke vacanoM kI nindA karate haiM aura isa taraha pANDitya pradarzana karate haiN| isa saMsAra meM nAnA prakAra ke jIva haiM, nAnA prakAra ke karma hai, nAnA prakAra kI labdhiyAM haiM, isaliye koI svadharmI ho yA paradharmI kisI ke sAtha vacana vivAda ucita nhiiN| isa prakAra satya kA abhiprAya vistRta hai| pramAda se jhUTha bolanA bhI asatya hai, kisI kI hiMsA kara vadha karanA bhI asatya hai, kisI para Aropa lagAnA bhI asatya hai, jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA bhI asatya hai| satya se hI AtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| satya se hI vaha jJAna hotA hai ki jIva uttama guNoM kA Azraya, saba dravyoM meM uttama dravya aura saba tatvoM meM paramatatva hai| satya se hI jAnA jAtA hai ki AtmAjJAyaka hai, jo jJAyaka hotA hai, vaha na apramatta hotA hai, na pramatta aura usameM azuddhatA nahIM hotii| AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko jAnane vAlA tathA parakIya bhAvoM ko jAnane vAlA aisA kauna jJAnI hogA, jo yaha kahegA, yaha merA hai, aura satya kA jJAtA hI kahegA, maiM eka hU~, zuddha hU~, mamatA rahita hU~ tathA jJAnadarzana se paripUrNa huuN| apane isa zuddha svabhAva meM sthita aura tanmaya hokara maiM ina saba (parakIya bhAvoM) kA kSaya karatA huuN| satya ko jAnane vAlA hI triratna ke dvArA mokSa mArga kA pathika hai| satya ko jAnane vAlA hI pA~ca mahAvratoM/aNuvratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| 1. samaNasutaM, pR236-237 NANAjIvA NANAkamma, NANAvihaM have laddhI / tamhA vayaNavivAdaM, sagaNparasa maehiM vajjijjA // 2. Study of Jainism, Page 203 (Truth Speeking) has also a wide connotation. 3. samaNasutaM, pR 56-57 uttamaguNANa dhAma, savvadavvANa uttamaM davvaM / / taccANa paraM taccaM, jIvaM jANeha nnicchydo|| 4. vahI, pR60-61 Nadi hodi appamatto, Na pamatto jANao dujo bhaavo| evaM bhaNaMti suddhaM NAo jo so u so jeva / / 5. vahI, pR60-61 ko NAma bhaNijja buho, NADaM savve parAie bhaave| majjhamiNaM ti ya vayaNaM, jANato appayaM suddhaM // 6. vahI, 160-61 ahamikko khalu suddho, nnimmmonnaanndNsnnsmggo| tamhi Nio taccito, savve ee khayaM Nemi / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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408 zrAvaka dharma ke liye satya dUsarA aNuvrata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA, sthUla rUpa meM asatya virati dUsarA aNuvrata hai| isake bhI pAMca bheda haiM- kanyA alIka, go alIka, bhUalIka, yathA bhUmi ke viSaya meM jhUTha bolanA, kisI kI dharohara ko dabA denA aura jhUThI gavAhI denaa| isakA tyAga asatya virati hai, satya aNuvratI sahasA na koI bAta kahatA hai, na kisI kA rahasyodghATana karatA hai, na apanI patnI kI koI gupta bAta mitroM Adi meM prakaTa karatA hai, na mithyA upadeza karatA hai aura na kUTalekha kriyA karatA hai| ___acaurya tRtIya mahAvrata/aNuvrata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, acauryANuvratI zrAvaka ko na corI kA mAla kharIdanA cAhiye, na corI meM preraka bananA cAhiye, na hI rAjyaviruddha koI kArya karane cAhiye, grAma, nagara athavA araNya meM dUsare kI vastu ko dekhakara use grahaNa karane vAle bhAva tyAga dene vAle sAdhu ke liye tIsarA acauryavrata hotA hai, sacetana athavA acetana athavA bahuta yahA~ taka kI dAMta sApha karane kI sIMka taka bhI sAdhu binA diye grahaNa nahIM krte| brahmacarya jainamata kA caturtha mahAvrata/aNuvrata hai| zramaNa ke liye brahmacarya kAakSaraza: pAlana aura zrAvaka ke liye vivAhita jIvana kI sImA meM rahanA hI brahmacarya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA, svastrI meM santuSTa brahmacaryANuvratI zrAvaka ko vivAhita yA avivAhita badacalana striyoM se sarvathA dUra rahanA cAhiye, anaMga krIr3A nahIM karanI cAhiye, apanI santAna ke atirikta dUsaroM ke vivAha Adi karAne meM dilacaspI nahIM lenI cAhiye aura kAma sevana kI tIvra lAlasA kA tyAga karanA cAhiye; maithuna saMsarga adharma kA mUla hai, mahAn doSoM kA samUha hai, isaliye brahmacaryavratI nigraMtha sAdhu maithuna sevana kA sarvadA tyAga karate haiM; vRddhA, bAlikA aura yuvatI- strI ke ina tIna pratirUpoM 1. vahI, pR100-101 thUla mUsAvAyassa u, viraI ducaM, sa paMcahA hoI / kannAgobhu Alliya- nAsAharaNa- kUDa sAkkhajje // 2. samaNasuttaM, pR 100-101 sahasA abbhakkhANaM, rahasA ya sadAramaMta bheyaM c| mosovaesayaM, kUDalehakaraNaM ca vajijjA / 3. samaNasuttaM, pR 102-103 vajijjA tenAhaDa- takkarajogaM viruddharajaM ca / kUDatulakUDamANa tappaDirUvaM ca vavahAraM // 4. vahI, pR118-119 gAme vA Nayare vA, raNe vA pecchiUNa paramatthaM / jo muMcadi gahaNabhAvaM, tidiyavadaM hodi tasseva / / 5. vahI, pR 118-119 cittamaMtamacittaM vA, appaM vA jai vA bahuM / daMtasohaNametaM vi. oggahaMsi ajAiyA // 6. samaNasuttaM, pR102-103 ittariyaparigAhiyA- uprighiyaagmnnaa-nnNgkiiddNc| paravivAhakkaraNaM, kAme tivvAmilAsaM // 7. vahI, pR120-121 mUlame amahammassa mahAdosamussayaM / tamhA mehuNasaMsaggiM niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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409 ko dekhakara unheM mAtA, putrI aura bahana ke samAna mAnanA aura strIkathA se nivRtta honA brahmacarya vrata hai| yaha brahmacarya vrata tInoM lokoM meM pUjya hai|' aparigraha jainamata kA aMtima aura paMcama mahAvrata/aNuvrata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA, jIva parigraha ke nimitta hiMsA karatA hai, asatya bolatA hai, corI karatA hai, maithuna sevana karatA hai aura atyadhika mUrchA karatA hai; sajIva yA nirjIva svalpa vastu kA bhI jo parigraha rakhatA hai, athavA dUsaroM ko usakA anujJA detA hai, vaha dukha se mukta nahIM hotA, jo parigraha kI buddhi kA tyAga karatA hai; vahI parigraha ko tyAga karatA hai, jisake pAsa parigraha nahIM, usI muni ne patha ko dekhA hai; sampUrNa parigraha se mukta zItIbhUta prasannacitta zramaNa jaisA muktisukha pAtA hai, vaisA sukha cakravartI ko bhI nahIM milatA; aura jaise hAthI ko vaza meM rakhane ke liye aMkuza hotA hai aura nagara kI rakSA ke liye khAI hotI hai, vaise hI indriyanivAraNa ke liye parigraha kA tyAga kahA gayA parigraha tyAga se iMdriyAM vaza meM hotI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra parigraha ke do bheda haiM-AbhyaMtara aura baahy|aabhyNtr bheda caudaha haiM- mithyAtva, strIveda, puruSaveda, naMpusakaveda, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / bAhya parigraha dasa haiMkheta, makAna, dhanadhAnya, vastra, bhANDa, dAsa-dAsI, pazu, yAna, zayyA aura aasn|' 1. samaNasuttaM, pR 120-121 mAdu sudAbhagiNI viya, dahraNitthittiyaM ya paDirUvaM / itthikahAdiNiyatti tiloyapujaM have baMbhaM / 2. vahI, pR44-45 saMganimittaM mArai, bhaNai alIaM karei corikaM / sevai mehuNa mucchaM, apparimANaM kuNai jIvo / / 3. vahI, pR44-45 citamaMtama cittaM vA, parigijjha kisaamvi| annaM vA aNujANAi, evaM dukkhA Na muccii| 4. vahI, pR44-45 je mamAiya matiM jahAti, se jahAti mamAiyaM / se haM diTThapahe muNI, jassa natthi mamAiyaM / / 5. vahI, pR46-47 savvagaMtha vimukko, soIbhUo pasaMtacitto a| jaM pAvai muttisuhaM, na cakkavaTThI vi taM lahaI / / 6. vahI, 46-47 gaMthagaccAo iMdiya-NivAraNe aMkuso va htthiss| Nayarassa khAiyA viya, iMdiyaguttI asaMgattaM / / 7. vahI, pR46-47 micchatavedarAgA, taheva, hAsAdiyA ya chaddosAM / cattAri taha kasAyA, caDadasa abhaMtarA gaMthA // bahirasaMgA khetaM, vatthu dhaNadhana kuppa bhAMDANi / dupayacauppaya jANANi, keva sayaNAsaNe ya tahA / / For Private and Personal Use Only

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410 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA, aparimita parigraha ananta tRSNA kA kAraNa hai, vaha bahuta doSayukta hai tathA narakagati kAma mArga hai| ata: parigraha parimANANuvratI vizuddha citta zrAvaka ko kSetra-makAna, sonA-cA~dI, dhanadhAnya, dvipada-catuSpada tathA bhaNDAra (saMgraha) Adi parigraha ke aMgIkRta parimANa kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahiye|' ___ mahAvIra ne zramaNa ke aparigraha mahAvrata ke saMdarbha meM Adeza diyA, nirapekSa bhAvanApUrNa cAritra kA bhAra vahana karane vAle sAdhu kA bAhyAmaMtara sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karanA pAMcavA mahAvrata, tyAga nAmaka mahAvrata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parigraha ko parigraha nahIM, mUrchA khaa|' mahAvIra ne kahA, sAdhu lekhamAtra bhI saMgraha na kareM, pakSI kI taraha saMgraha se nirapekSa rahate hue kevala saMyamopakaraNa ke sAtha vicaraNa kareM; saMstArakazayyA, Asana aura AhAra kA atilAbha hone para bhI jo alpa icchA rakhate hue alpa se apane ko saMtuSTa rakhatA hai, adhika grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha saMtoSa se hI pradhAna rUpa se anurakta rahane vAlA sAdhu pUjya hai|' ata: jainamata meM triratna vyakti ke mokSa kI prApti ke vaiyaktika mUlya hai aura ina vaiyaktika mUlyoM ke dvArA vaha zramaNa paMca mahAvratoM aura zrAvaka pAMca aNuvratoM kI sahAyatA se jIvanarUpI vaitaraNI ko pAra kara sakatA hai| pAMca mahAvrata/aNuvratoM ke stambhoM para hI jainamata kA sAMskRtika bhavana- eka naye samAja racanA aura nayI saMskRti kI racanA kA dAyitva hai| romAMrolAM ne spaSTa kahA ki jina RSiyoM ne hiMsA ke madhya ahiMsA ke niyama kI saMsthApanA kI ve nyUTana se adhika pratibhAzAlI aura vailiMgaTana se bar3e yoddhA the| jainamata meM mUlyoM kI sthApanA hai, vyAvahArika 1. samaNasuttaM, pR102-103 virayA pariggahAo, aparimiAo annNttnnhaao| bahudosasaMkulAo, narayagaigamaNapaMthAo // khittAI hiraNNAI dhaNAi dupavAi- kuviyagassa thaa| samma visuddhacitto, na pamANa ikkama kujjA / / 2. vahI, pR 120-121 savvesiM gaMthANaM, tAgo NiravekkhabhAvaNA puvvaM / paMcabhavadamidi bhaNidaM, cAritta vahaMtassa // 3. vahI, pR 120-121 na so pariggaho vutto, nAyaputteNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vutto, ii thutaM mahesiNA / / 4. samaNasuttaM, pR 122-123 sannihiM ca na kuvvejA, leva mAyAe saMjae / pakkhI pattaM samAdAya, niravekkho parivvae / / 5. vahI, pR122-123 saMthArasejjAsaNabhattapANe, appicchayA ailAye vi sNte| evapmapANAbhitosaejjA, saMtosapAhannarae sujjo / / 6. T.G. Kalghatgi, Study of Jainism, Page 191 The Rsis who discovered the law of non-violence in the midst of violence were greater genious than Newton, greater warriors than Wellington. For Private and Personal Use Only

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411 mUlya, AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI sthApanA meM sahAyaka hai|' yaha eka aise samAja aura saMskRti kI racanA kA sapanA hai, jahA~ mUlyoM kA akhaNDa sAmrAjya ho, jahA~ cAritrika zreSThatA zIrSa para ho / jainamata meM samyagcAritra pUrNatA prApta karane kA patha hai / 2 jainamata ke anusAra vyakti ke jIvana meM samyaktva honA caahiye| maithyu ArnalDa ne to naitikatA ko to tIna cauthAI jIvana kahA, vastutaH yaha sampUrNa jIvana hai|' jainamata ne zrAvakadharma kA pratipAdana karate hue AdhyAtmika ke sAtha dharmanirapekSatA ko bhI sthAna de diyA, dharmanirapekSatA kI upekSA nahIM kii| ise pUrNatA ke liye mAdhyama mAnA / ' isa prakAra jainamata ne mUlyaparaka naitikatA para AdhArita eka nayI samAja racanA aura eka nayI saMskRti vyavasthA kA sapanA dekhA, jo pAMca sAMskRtika pratimAnoM- ahiMsAmUla pratimAna, satyamUlaka pratimAna, acauryamUlaka pratimAna, brahmacarya mUlaka pratimAna aura aparigraha mUlaka pratimAna para AdhArita hai| osavaMza :: jainamata kI eka sAMskRtika prayogazAlA (Osvansh is cultural laboratory of Jainism) jainAcAryoM ne apane lambe itihAsa meM bhagavAna RSabha se lekara Aja taka, ! pravartanakAla se lekara pravarddhanakAla taka, pravarddhanakAla se vikAsa kAla taka, vikAsakAla se lekara Aja prasArakAla taka vyakti ke rUpAntaraNa ke dvArA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke liye sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika parivartana ke dAyitva ko vahana kiyA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jainamata eka gaira sAmpradAyika cittavAlA aura jAtivihIna mata hai, kyoMki jainamata ke anusAra janma se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, janma se koI kSatriya nahIM hotA, janma se koI vaizya nahIM hotA aura janma se hI koI zUdra nahIM hotaa| jIva karma se hI brAhmaNa, karma se hI kSatriya, karma se hI vaizya aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sAMskRtika parivartana kI isa prakriyA meM pichale 2500 varSoM se adhika samaya taka nirantara vyakti/vyaktiyoM ke rUpAntaraNa ke dvArA nayI samAja racanA / nayI sAMskRtika vyavasthA meM saMlagna rahe aura isI saMdarbha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainamata ne osavaMza ko 1. T.G. Kalghatgi, Study of Jainism, Page 192 2. vahI, pR.193 3. vahI, pR 192 It is not the entire negation of empirical values, but only an assertion to the superiority of the spiritual, empirical values are a means to the realizrtion of supreme values. 4. Study of Jainism. Samyak Carita (moral life) is important as the path way of perfection. Mathew Arnold said, it is the three fourth of life. In fact it is the whole of life. In the Jain conception of moral life (of Sravaka) we find, there is the harmonious blending of the secular & spiritual. The secular has not been neglected. It is a stepping stone for the spiritual perfection. For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 412 sAMskRtika parivartana ke liye jainamata kI sAMskRtika prayogazAlA banAyA / isa sAMskRtika parivartana kI prakriyA meM aneka hindUmatAvalambI aura zaiva matAvalambI jainAcAryoM ke samparka meM Ae, unameM adhikatA kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtakAla meM rAjapUtoM kI rahI / sAMskRtika parivartana kI isa prakriyA meM jainAcAryoM ne kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM kA kevala vaiyaktika rUpAntaraNa hI nahIM, sAMskRtika rUpAntaraNa kiyA / www.kobatirth.org kSatriya aura rAjapUta : sAMskRtika saMdarbha isa deza ke itihAsa meM kSatriyoM kI gauravapUrNa paramparA milatI hai| kSatriyoM ne sadaiva apane bAhubala se Arya jAti kI rakSA ke dAyitva kA nirvahana kiyaa| paurANika sAhitya aura bhAratIya itihAsa kSatriyoM kI vIratA se Adyantara bhare par3e haiM / kSatriyoM kI saMskRti - guNa karma aura svabhAva Adi kA vedoM meM varNana milatA hai| Rgveda ke anusAra kSatriya niyamapAlaka, yajJa sampAdaka, mahA tejasvI, yajJoM ke sevaka, pratidina svayaM yajJa meM havana karane vAle, satya sevaka, drohahita, yuddha meM zatrusaMhAraka vIra puruSa mAne gaye haiN|' ye kSatriya niyamapAlana karate hue satya ke anusAra calate hue pahale kSAtrateja prApta karate haiM aura phira uttamakarma karate hue sAmrAjya ke liye yatna karate haiN| atharvaveda meM prArthanA kI gaI hai ki he indra ! ina kSatriyoM meM vRddhi kara, inakI bhujAoM ko baliSTha bnaa| inake zatruoM ko balahIna kara de, jisase ye zatru naSTa kara sakeM / 2 manusmRti ke anusAra nyAya se prajA kI rakSA karanA, prajA kA pAlana karanA, vidyA, dharma aura supAtroM kI sevA meM dhana vyaya karanA, agnihotrI yajJa karanA, zAstroM ko par3hanA-par3hAnA, jitendrIya rahakara zarIra aura AtmA ko balasama banAnA kSatriyoM ke svAbhAvika karma hai| 3 zrImadbhAgavata gItA ke anusAra zaurya, teja, dhairya, dakSatA aura yuddha na bhAgane kA svabhAva, dAna aura Izvara bhakti- ye bhAva kSatriyoM ke svAbhAvika guNa aura karma hai / ' 1. Rgveda 10-66-8 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yahI jAti kAlAMtara meM rAjapUta kAla meM rAjapUta kahalAI / kSatriyoM ke saMskAra inako vaMzAnukrama meM mile, kintu samaya se unakI asmitA meM antara aayaa| 2. atharvaveda 4-4 dhRtavrata, yajJa niSkRto bRha dinA adhva rANarmAyAzrayaH / agni hotA Rta sAyoM adu hoso asRjanu vRtra tUye / imamindra vardhama kSatriyema imeM vizAmeka vRSa kRNutvama | nirAmitrA nakSNuAva sarvAstAna radhyAram ahabhuttarezu // 3. manusmRti, 45 4. zrImadbhAgavata gItA 4/43 zaurya tejo dhRti rayi yuddhe cApyApalAyanam / dAnabhIzvara bhAvasya kSAtraM karma svabhAvajam // For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjapUta saMskRti rAjapUta saMskRti kA bIjavapana kSatriyoM ne kara diyA thaa| apane bhItara vizvAmitra jaise muni, harizcandra jaise satyavAdI, raghu jaise parAkramI, janaka jaise rAjarSi, rAma jaise maryAdA puruSottama, kRSNa jaise karmayogI, karNa jaise dAnI, azoka jaise prajAvatsala, vikramAditya jaise nyAyapAlaka, vIra pratApa jaise dezabhakta aura durgAdAsa jaise svAmIbhakta ko apanI virAsata meM chipAe hue haiN| rAjapUta janmaghUMTI ke sAtha vIratA, dezabhakti aura tyAga kA pATha sIkhatA hai / 413 rAjapUta mAtA pAlane meM hI putra ko marane kI zikSA detI hai, ' rAjapUta vIra yuddha bhUmi meM kaTakara mara jAtA hai, kintu hArakara nahIM lauTatA, vaha yuddhabhUmi ke kaNa kaNa ko raktaraMjita kara detA hai, kintu mAtA ke dUdha ko nahIM ljaataa| rAjapUta nArI vIrAMganA hai, jo satItva rakSA ke liye jauhara a meM jalakara bhasma ho jAtA hai| rAjapUta saphala mAnava, sacce senAnI aura kuzala prazAsaka mAne gaye haiM / kSatriya aura rAjapUta zAsaka kamala ke samAna nirlepa, sUrya ke samAna tejasvI, caMdra ke samAna zItala aura pRthvI samAna sahanazIla hai / 2. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR31-32 karnala TADa ke anusAra, isa vIra jAti kA lagAtAra bahuta sI pIr3hiyoM taka yuddha karate rahanA, apane pUrvajoM ke dharma kI rakSA ke liye apane priya vastu kI bhI hAni sahanA aura apanA sarvasva dekara bhI zauryapUrvaka apane svatvoM aura jAtIya svataMtratA ko kisI prakAra ke lobha lAlaca meM Akara bacAnA, ye saba bAteM mila kara eka aisA citra banAtI hai, jisakA dhyAna karate hI hara kisI kA zarIra romAMcita ho jAtA hai / mahAn zUravIratA, dezabhakti, karttavyaniSThA, atithi satkAra, nirbala kI rakSA Adi zreSTha mAnavIya guNoM se yaha jAti yukta hai / barniyara ke anusAra ina jaisI vIratA ke udAharaNa saMsAra kI kisI bhI anya jAti meM nahIM pAye jAte / mi. TevalIya hvIlara ke anusAra rAjapUta jAti bhArata meM sabase kulIna aura svAbhimAnI hai| saMsAra meM aura koI aisI jAti zAyada hI ho, jisakI utpatti itanI purAnI aura zuddha ho / ve kSatriya jAti ke vaMzaja haiN| ye vIra loga dIna, anAthoM aura striyoM ke rakSaka hote haiN| karnala vAlTara ke anusAra, rAjapUtoM ko apane pUrvajoM ke mahatvazAlI itihAsa kA garva ho sakatA hai, kyoMki saMsAra ke kisI bhI deza ke itihAsa meM aisI vIratA aura abhimAna ke yogya caritra nahIM milate, jaise ina vIroM ke kAryoM meM pAe jAte haiM, jo ki inhoMne apane deza, usakI pratiSThA aura svataMtratA ke liye kiye haiN| abula phajala ke anusAra, vipattikAla meM rAjapUtoM kA asalI caritra jAjjvalyamAna hotA hai|2 rAjapUta vIratA aura zaurya ke jvalaMta pratimAna hai, rASTra kI ekatA aura akhaNDatA ke karNadhAra hai, jAtigata svAbhimAna ke purodhA hai aura tyAga aura balidAna ke ujjvala pRSTha haiM / dhIre dhIre rAjapUta jAti kI kahAnI vIratA se vilAsatA kI kahAnI hai / rAjapUtoM kI 1. sUryamala mizraNa, vIra satasaI ilA na deNI ApaNI, hAlariyA hularAya, pUta sikhAve pAlaNe, maraNa bar3hAI mAya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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414 vIratA kahIM pratizodha kI Aga meM bhar3akI aura sAmrAjya lipsA ne na jAne kitanA rakta bhaayaa| yuddha kI balivedI para na jAne kitanI narabali dI, raktaraMjita talavAra se na jAne kitanoM kA rakta bahAyA, raNacaNDI kI huMkAra ne na jAne kitanoM kA dila dhlaayaa| rAjapUta ke jIvana kI kahAnI yuddha se prArambha hotI hai aura yuddha meM hI samApta hotI hai| isa deza ke raktaraMjita itihAsa ke pRSTha rAjapUtoM ke rakta se AplAvita hai| rAjapUta yuddha nIti meM niSNAta hai kintu yuddha meM bhI nIti kA pAlana karate haiM, kintu samaya ke sAtha inakA skhalana bhI huA hai| durgoM kI rakSA inakA dharma hai aura durgoM kI rakSA ke liye na jAne kitanI vyUha racanA karate haiN| rAjapUtoM ke jIvana meM kabhI yuddha hai aura kabhI vivAha, vivAha maNDapa meM raNabherI sunakara yuddha ke liye kUca kara jAte haiM aura yuddha se lauTakara puna: vivaah| 'mahAbhArata kAla ke bAda rAjapUtoM meM bahuvivAha kA pracalana ho gayA thaa| madhyakAla taka Ate Ate yaha prathA atyadhika jora pakar3atI jAtI hai, jabaki eka rAjA ke yahA~ dasa-bAraha rAniyAM huA karatI thii|" sabhI rAjapUta vilAsI aura kAmuka nahIM the, kintu yaha satya hai ki zanaiH zanai: rAjapUtoM meM vilAsatA aura kAmukatA bar3hatI gii| yaha bhI satya hai ki anekabAra bhogavilAsoM kI tRpti ke liye nahIM balki deza rakSA kI bhAvanA se hI rAjapUtoM meM bahuvivAha prathA pracalita thii| yaha nizcita hai ki rAjapUtoM kI saMskRti meM hiMsA thI, ahiMsA nahIM; satyaniSTha the kintu kAlAMtara meM sAmrAjya lipsA aura rAjya vistAra ke liye mithyA kA bhI sahArA liyA; yuddha meM zatruoM ke dhana aura sampatti ko lUTanA unakA dharma thA; bahupatnI prathA aura vilAsatA ke kAraNa brahmacarya se kosoM dUra the aura pUrNarUpeNa parigrahI the- sAmrAjya lipsu aura raajylipsu| rAjapUta saMskRti se osavaMzIya saMskRti ___jainAcAryoM ne mukhyarUpa se kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAkara jaina jAtiyoM ke antargata unheM osavaMzIbhI bnaayaa| yaha balAta dharmAMtaraNa nahIM thA, yaha vyaktiyoM kA AbhyaMtara rUpa se rUpAntaraNa thA aura isa vaiyaktika rUpAntaraNa ke dvArA sAMskRtika rUpAntaraNa huaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ne kSatriya aura rAjapUta saMskRti meM pale eka varga ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAkara eka nayI jAti ke sAtha eka nayI saMskRti kI racanA kii| ___2500 varSoM taka jainAcAryoM ne isa jAti ko aura anya jAtiyoM ko bhI anavarata upadeza diyA ki hiMsA ko chor3akara ahiMsA ko apanAo, asatya ko chor3akara satya ko apanAo, cauryakarma ko chor3akara acaurya ko apanAo, parigraha ko chor3akara aparigraha ko apanAo aura vilAsatA aura vyAbhicAra ko chor3akara brahmacarya ko apnaao| kSatriya aura rAjapUta zatruoM ko parAjita karane ke liye yuddha karate the, isaliye mahAvIra kI bhASA meM hI kahA ki jo durjeya saMgrAma meM hajAra hajAra yoddhAoM ko jItatA hai, usakI apekSA jo eka apane ko jItatA hai, usakI vijaya hI paramavijaya hai, bAharI yuddhoM se kyA ? svayaM apane 1. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI, pR44 For Private and Personal Use Only

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415 se yuddha kro| apane se apane ko hI jItakara hI saccA sukha prApta hotA hai, svayaM para hI vijaya prApta karanI cAhiye / apane para vijaya prApta karanA hI kaThina hai| Atma vijetA hI isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai aura ucita yahI hai ki maiM svayaM hI saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA apane para hI vijaya prApta karU~ / bandhana aura vadha ke dvArA dUsaroM se maiM damita aura pratAr3ita kiyA jAU~, yaha ucita nahIM hai| ina yuddhavIroM kA jIvana krodha aura pratizodha kA pratIka thaa| mahAvIra ke hI zabdoM meM inhoMne anavarata upadeza diyA, krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai, mAna vijaya ko naSTa karatA hai, mAyA maitrI ko naSTa karatI hai, lobha saba kucha naSTa karatA hai, kSamA se krodha kA hanana kare, namratA se mAna ko jIte, 1jutA se mAyA ko aura saMtoSa se lobha ko jiiteN| __ jainAcAryoM ne upadeza diyA ki kisI prANI kI hiMsA na kareM, na karma se, mana se, na vacana se| sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nhiiN| prANIvadha pApa hai| jIva kA vadha kyoM karate ho, jIva kA vadha apanA vadha hai| ina jainAcAryoM ne upadeza diyA ki tuma yuddha aura hiMsA ke liye jAgate ho, kintu aba paramAtmA ko prApta karane ke liye jAgo, satata jAgRta raho, jo jAgatA hai, usakI buddhi bar3hatI hai, sotA hai vaha dhanya nahIM hai, dhanya vaha hai jo jAgatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne soI hue kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM ko jagAyA aura surApAna kI jagaha AtmavAda kA amRta pilaayaa| jainAcAryoM ke maMtroM se soI huI jAti aMgar3AI lekara jAga gii| jainAcAryoM ne zikSAdI, abhimAna chor3o, krodha chor3o, pramAda chor3o, roga aura Alasya chor3o aura mukti ke patha para prazasta ho jAo; tuma samyagadarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcaritrya apnaao| cakravartI samrAToM kI vipula rAjalakSmI samyaktva ke samakSa tuccha hai| ina jainAcAryoM ne kahA ki tuma yuddhavIra ho, kintu bhayabhIta ho, kyoMki tuma zatru se Darate ho| tuma sAtoM bhaya- isa loka kA bhaya, paraloka kA bhaya, arakSA kA bhaya, agupti kA bhaya, mRtyu kA bhaya, vedanA bhaya aura akasmAt bhaya chor3akara abhaya ke pratimAna bno| ina jainAcAryoM ne kSatriyoM aura rAjaputroM se kahA ki tuma sadaiva dargarakSA meM pravRtta rahate ho| mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM hI kahA, "zraddhA ko nagara, tapa aura saMvara ko argalA, kSamA ko (burja, khAI aura zatadhnIsvarUpa) trigupti (mana vacana kAya) se surakSita tathA ajeya sudRr3ha prakAra banAkara bANoM se yukta dhanuSa se karma kavaca ko bhedakara AMtarika saMgrAma ke vijetA bano, jaise jainshrmnn| jainAcAryoM ne usa kSatriya aura rAjapUta jAti kA kAyAkalpa kara diyA jo vIratA ke mAdhyama se artha aura kAma se jur3I thI, use mahAvIra se jor3akara dharma aura mokSa kI ora unmukha kara diyaa| 1. samaNasutaM, pR41 2. samaNasutaM, pR44 3. samaNasutaM, pR93 For Private and Personal Use Only

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416 ina jainAcAryoM ne kSatriya-rAjapUtoM ko upadeza diyA ki jIvana kA sarasa saMgIta hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai; jIvana ko lahalahAne vAlI saritA hiMsA nahIM ahiMsA hai; vizvamaitrI ke phala pradAna karane vAlI vATikA hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai; jIvana kI virATa zakti hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai; jIvana kA mUlamaMtra hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai; jIvana kA paramatatva hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai, dharma kA udgama sthala hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai; aura naitikatA kA pratimAna hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anavarata udbodhana se kSatriya aura rAjapUta jAti hiMsA ke patha ko chor3akara ahiMsA ke patha kI pathika banI aura phira kAlAMtara meM dhIre dhIre nayI asmitA milI aura unakI asmitA nayI jAtiyoM ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huI aura unameM eka osavaMza kA bhI pravartana, pravarddhana, vikAsa aura prasAra huaa| yaha kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM kA purAnI saMskRti kI keMcula tyAgakara nayI jIvana paddhati aura nayI jIvana zailI ko apanAkara nayI saMskRti kA varaNa thaa| jainamata osavaMza : sAMskRtika saMdarbha (Osvansh is not only replica but idealised epitome of Jainism) __ jainAcArya eka nayI jAti ke purodhA bane osavaMza kevala jainamata ke sAMskRtika pakSa kA pratirUpa hI nahIM, kintu jainamata ke pakSa kA sAra aura AdarzAtmaka pratIkAtmaka rUpa hai| jainamata ne isa deza meM zramaNa saMskRti ko janma diyaa| brAhmaNa saMskRti se bhinna zramaNa saMskRti karmavAda para AdhArita hai, aparigrahavAda para AdhArita hai aura syAdavAda yA anekAMtavAda para AdhArita hai| osavaMza kA udgama anya jAtiyoM aura mukhyarUpa se kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM se huA, isaliye vaMzAnukrama kI dRSTi se hindUmata, zaiva aura zAktamata ke avaziSTa cihna isameM kucha sImA taka rhe| __ osavaMzIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke tAra kSatriyoM aura rAjapUtoM se jur3e rahe, kintu jainAcAryoM ke nirantara pratibodha se unake AbhyaMtara meM parivartana AyA aura unhoMne jainamata dvArA pratipAdita darzana se udbhUta eka nayI AcAra paddhati ke anurUpa eka nayI jIvana paddhati aura nayI jIvanazailI kA anugamana kiyaa| zramaNoM ne to akSaraza: jainamata dvArA pratipAdita jIvana paddhati/ jIvanazailI ko apanAyA; kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne zrAvakoM ke lie mahAvratoM ke sthAna para aNuvratoM ke anusAra hI anuzaMsA kI, isaliye osavaMza kI jIvanapaddhati aura jIvanazailI meM hama jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA sAra aura nicor3a ke sAtha pratIkAtmaka rUpa dekha sakate haiM / badalate saMdarbho meM aura badalatI paristhitiyoM meM osavaMza ne samaya samaya para apanI jIvana paddhati meM saMzodhana kiye, isaliye osavaMza kI saMskRti meM jainamata kA pratibimba, pratirUpa aura praticchAyA na hokara, jainamata ke AdarzAtmaka svarUpa kA sAra, nicor3a aura pratIkAtmaka rUpa haiN| isa saMzodhita rUpa meM gaira sAmpradAyika aura dharmanirapekSa svarUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| osavaMza : jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA saMrakSaNa,sampreSaNa aura sRjana osavaMza ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kAsaMrakSaNa kiyaa| jainamata kI sAMskRtika jIvanadhArA aura sAMskRtika paramparA kA saMrakSaNa rAjasthAna ke vaibhava sampanna sAMskRtika itihAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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417 kAsvarNima pRSTha hI nahIM, kintu bhAratIya saMskRti ke indradhanuSI svarUpa kI bhI eka manohara raMgAbhA hai, jisakI dIpti isa sudIrgha kAla khaNDa ke jhaMjhAvAtoM meM kabhI dhUmila nahIM huii|'' rAjasthAna meM pazcima kSetra zvetAmbara sampradAya kA gar3ha rahA aura isI kSetra meM osavaMza ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa meM yoga diyaa| arbudamaNDala jaina sampradAya kA sabase bar3A kendra rhaa| rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke mahatvapUrNa stambha jaina saMsthAeM haiM, jinhoMne sudRr3ha nIMva kI bhAMti AdhAra pradAna kara jaina saMskRti kI gatizIlatA ko saMvardhita kiyA hai| jaina saMgha ke saMgaThana meM zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai / vIrAgI, nispRha, nisvArtha, zAstrokta aura maryAdita jIvana jIne ke kAraNa inakA jIvana tIrtha se kama nahIM hai| ina zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ne nirantara udbodhana ne samAja ko jAgRta kiyA hai| inhoMne zrAvaka samAja ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke liye sAtvika jIvana kI preraNA dI hai| inhoMne samAja se sUkSma liyA hai aura sthUla hI diyA hai- kama liyA aura adhika diyA hai| inhoMne lokabhASA meM, lokajIvana ko, lokakathAoM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmikatA kI srotasvinI pravAhita kI hai| jaina sAhitya racanA ina zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ne anavarata sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| jainamata se jur3e sAhitya racanA meM zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ke sAtha zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI saMlagna rahI hai| jaina jAtiyAM (osavaMza) se sambaddha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM aura zrAvaka zrAvikAoM ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa meM sAhitya racanA ke dvArA abhUtapUrva yoga diyA 1. umAsvAtI- tatvArdhasUtra (jainadharma kI gItA) 2. vimalasUri- paumacariaM (jaina rAmAyaNa) 3. AcArya pAdalipta- taraMgAvatI (prAkRta bhASA kI sundara kathA) 4. siddhasena divAkara- nyAyAvatAra (jaina sAhitya kA pahalA tarka evaM padya graMtha) 5. udyotanasUri (navIM zatAbdI), kuvalayamAlA (kathAgraMtha) 6. zivazarmAsUri (vi.saM. 500) karma prakRta, karmagraMtha (101 gAthAeM) 7. candarSi mahattara (paMcasaMgraha karmaviSayaka graMtha) 8. siddhasena gaNi- 'tatvArthasUtra' kI TIkA 9. dhanezvarasUri- kalpasUtra (vi.saM. 510/523) 10. mahAkavi mAnatuMga- bhaktAmara stotra (prasAdamayI aura bhAvapradhAna bhASA meM) 11. jinabhadra gaNI kSamAkSamaNa (vi.saM. 645) 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 1. DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina, madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma.4461 2. vahI, 1464 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 418 2. vRhasaMgrahaNI (400-500) gAthAeM 12. jinadAsa mahattara (vi.saM. 733) 1. nizI cUNikA 2. naMdIsUtra - cUrNI 13. haribhadrasUri ( kula 1444 graMtha) 1. saMbodhiprakaraNa www.kobatirth.org 2. samarAicca kahA 14. zIlAMkAcArya (vi.saM. 925) 1. 'AcarAMgasUtra' kI TIkA 2. 'sUtrakRtAMga' kI TIkA 15. siddharSi sUri - ( vi. saM. 962 ) upAmiti bhava prapaMca gAthA (vizAlarUpaka graMtha ) 16. jambUnAga svAmI (vi. saM. 1005) maNipati caritra 17. abhayadevasUri- navAMgoM para TIkAeM 18. candraprabha mahattara (vi. 1157-11377 - vijayacaMdracarita (prAkRta bhASA meM) 19. varddhamAnAcArya 1. manoramAcarita (prAkRta) 2. AdinAtha carita (prAkRta) 3. dharmaratnakaraNa vRtiH 20. jinavallabhasUri 1. sUkSmArtha siddhAnta vicAra sAra 2. Agamika vastu vicAra sAra 3. piNDa vizuddhi prakaraNa 4. pauSadha vidhi prakaraNa 5. prazna SaSTizataka 6. zrRMgAra zataka 21. jinadattasUri 1. gaNadhara sArthazataka 2. saMdeha dohAvalI 3. gaNadhara sapta 22. devabhadrasUri Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. ArAdhanAzAstra (prAkRta) 2. vIra carita (prAkRta) 3. kathAratnakoza (prAkRta) 23. vIragaNI (caMdragacchIya 1169) piNDaniyukti para TIkA For Private and Personal Use Only

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419 24. devacaMda sUri 1. zAMtinAtha carita (prAkRta- gadya padyamaya) 25. devasUri- jIvAnuzAsana 26. municaMdrasUri (vRhadagaccha), aneka vRtiyAM aura cUrNiyA) 27. maladhArI hemacaMdrasUri 1. dharmopadezamAlA (vi.saM. 1195) 2. muni suvratacarita (vi.saM. 1993) 28. zrIcandrasUri- sanatakumAra carita (saM 1214- prAkRta meM) 29. muniratnasUri (candragacchIya) abhayasvAmI carita (AgAmI tIrthaMkara) 30. somaprabhasUri (tapAgaccha) 1. sumatinAtha carita 2. sUktimuktAvalI 3.zatArthakAvya 4. kumArapAla pratibodha rAjasthAna meM zramaNoM aura zrAvakoM ne rAjasthAna kI sAMskRtika aura sAhityika paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhA hai| rAjasthAna ke sAhityika Andolana meM osavaMziyoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| osavaMziyoM ke dvArA sRjita sAhitya ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa, sampreSaNa aura sUjana meM yoga diyA hai| 13vIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhitya kA svarNakAla mAnA jAtA hai, terahavIM zatAbdI taka Agama, darzana, sAhitya, Agamika vyAkhyAeM aura kAvyagraMtha Adi mUlarUpa meM likhe gye| vibhinna kathAnakoM evaM caritanAyakoM para maulika sAhitya kI racanA huii| terahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kI sarjanA kI gaI, unameM bhASya, TIkA, bAlAvabodha, vRtiyAM, cUrNiyAM, vacanikAeM Adi likhI gaI / jaina sAhityakAroM- osavaMzIya sAhityakAroM kA uddezya jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA saMrakSaNa aura sampreSaNa thA, paNDitya pradarzana nhiiN| ___ jaina sAhitya bhramaNazIla muniyoM dvArA racA gyaa| rAjasthAna prAkRta sAhitya kA prArambha cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI meM ho gyaa| prAkRta ke atirikta apabhraMza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI aura hindI meM vipula sAhitya racA gyaa| jaina sAhityakAroM- osavaMzIya sAhityakAroM ke lie sAhitya dhArmika AcAra kI pavitratA kA pratimAna thaa| ina sAhityakAroM ne adhikAMza sAhitya lokabhASA meM rcaa| uttara madhyakAla meM to rAjasthAnI aura hindI ne prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA sthAna grahaNa kara liyaa| 17vIM 18vIM zatAbdI meM vipula mAtrA meM hindI meM gadya padya sAhitya racA gyaa| rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI vizAlatA kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ ke jainazAstra bhaNDAroM meM lagabhaga 3 lAkha hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~, tAr3apatroM evaM kAgajoM 1. DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina, madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 330 For Private and Personal Use Only

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420 para nibaddha sAhitya surakSita hai|' isa saMdarbha meM anusaMdhAna kI AvazyakatA hai ki inameM kitanoM ke racayitA osavaMzI hai| zvetAmbara jaina paramparA kA adhikAMza sAhitya osavaMzI sAhityakAroM dvArA sRjita hai| carita kAvya meM jaina sAhitya ne pramukha kAvyarUpoM- rAsa, caupAI, DhAla, pavAr3A saMdhi, carcarI, prabandha, carita, AkhyAnaka aura kathA Adi hai| utsava kavyarUpoM meM phAgu, dhamAla, bArahamAsA, vivAhalo, dhavala, maMgala Adi haiN| gadyarUpoM meM TabbA aura bAlAvabodha mukhya hai| jaina sAhitya ne AdhyAtmika cetanA kI abhivyakti kI, lokajIvana kI samakAlIna ghaTanAoM ko mukhya abhivyakti dI aura isa prakAra jaina sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hI nahIM, kintu jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA pratibimba hI nahIM kintu jainamata ke AdarzAtmaka rUpoM kA sAra aura nicor3a hai| rAjasthAnI aura utkRSTa jIvana AdarzoM ko lokabhASA meM loka kalyANa hetu abhivyakta kiyaa| yaha samasta sAhitya loka maMgalakArI hai| pramukha jaina prAkRta sAhitya rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhityakAroM meM prAkRta ke pramukha sAhityakAra haribhadra sUri, udyotanasUri, jayasiMha sUri, padmanaMdi, durgadeva, buddhisAgara sUri, jinezvarasUri, dhanezvara sUri, jinacaMdra sUri, jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri, hemacaMdra siMha kavi, jinacaMdra sUri, nemicaMda bhaNDArI, yazazcandra, jinaprabhasUri, jinakuzalasUri, guNa samRddhi mahattarA, jinaharSagaNI, hIrakalAza, bhaTTAraka rAmacaMdra aura samaya sundara Adi mukhya hai| pramukha jaina apabhraMza sAhitya apabhraMza ke sAhityakAroM meM hariSeNa (dharmaparikkhA) dhanapAla prathama (mahAvIra jinAlama sambandhI racanA), dhanapAla dvitIya (bhavisayattakahA) ghATila (paDamasirI cariya), lakkhaNa (jinadatta cariu), vinayacaMdra (neminAtha catuSpAdikA, upadezamAlA kalyANa), jinadattasUri (carcarI, upadezarasAyanarAsa, kAla svarUpa kulakAma), jinaprabhasUri (jJAnaprakAza) amarakIrti (cakkammovarAsa, purandaravidhAna kathA), zrIcaMdra (kathAkoza, ratnakaraNazrAvakAcAra), yazakIrti (harivaMzapurANa, pANDavapurANa) vibudha zrIdhara ( sukumAla cariu aura bhavisayatta cariu, pAsanAhacariu) Adi mukhya haiN| DA. devendrakumAra ne rAjasthAna ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha 968 pratiyoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa diyA hai| pramukha jaina saMskRta sAhitya ___ jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM lekhaka umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra' se prArambha hotA hai| jaina sAhityakAroM ne mahAkAvya, purANa, carita, kathA, nATaka Adi likhe| paurANika, aitihAsika aura zAstrIya mahAkAvya race gaye, unameM dhArmika bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA hai| AcArya raviSeNa 1. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR416 2. vahI, pR417 3. DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRtiyAM, pR 33-17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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421 (678 I) meM sarvaprathama 'padmapurANa' likhaa| AcArya hemacandra Asaga, sakalakIrti, jinadAsa brahmajinadAsa, zubhacaMdra Adi ke purANa saMskRta sAhitya ke anupama graMtha haiM / ' jinasena ke 'harivaMzapurANa' ko jaina saMskRta sAhitya kA mahAbhArata kahA jA sakatA hai| caritakAvyoM meM adhikatara tIrthaMkaroM kI jIvaniyAM haiN| kathAkAvyoM meM mahendrasUri kI narmadAsundarI kathA', naracandrasUri kI kathAratnasAra', rAjazekhara kI kathA saMgraha', somacandra gaNI kI kathA mahodaya' somakIrti kI 'saptavyasana kathA' guNasundara sUri kI 'samyaktva kaumudI' mukhya hai| nATakoM meM rAmacandraguNacandra kA raghuvilAsa, navalavilAsa', jayasiMha sUri kA 'hamIra madamardana', meghaprabhAcArya kA dharmAbhyudaya' mukhya hai| pramukha rAjasthAnI sAhitya rAjasthAnI jaina sAhityakAroM meM zAlibhadrasUri (bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa), Asagu (candanavAlArAsa), sumatigaNi (neminAtha rAsa), delhaDa (gayasukumAlarAsa), RSivardhana sUri (naladamayantI rAsa), dharmaSundara gaNI (sumitakumAra rAsa), pArzvanAthasUri (tejapAlarasa), kuzalalAbha (mAghavAvala kAmakandalA caDapai, DholAmaravaNI caupai), AsakaraNa (tiMvarI ke botharA- dasa zrAvakoM kI DhAla, kezI gautamacarcA, sAdhu guNamAlA, bharatajI rI siddhi, choTI sAdhu vandanA), savaladAsa (suputra AnandarAja lUNiyA), nemicandra (pitA devIlAla loDhA- nemavANI) zrAvaka kavi vinayacandra (pitA gokulacaMda kumbhaTa- vinayacandra caubIsa, pUjya hamIra carita, AtmanindA paTTAvalI), kavayitrI vidyAgiri- (sAmasukhA gotrIya karmacanda kI putrI- vimala siddhi guruNI jItama), bhUrasundarI (pitA akhamacaMda rAMkA- bhUrasundarI jaina bhajanoddhAra, bhUrasundarI vivekavilAsa aura bhUrasundarI bodha vinoda, bhUrasundarI adhyAtma bodha, bhUra sundarI jJAna prakAza, bhUrasundarI vilAsa) Adi pramukha hindI sAhitya haiN| ___ Adhunika jaina sAhitya meM nainamala jaina (pavanAMjanA), mizrImalajI mahArAja (pANDavayazorasAyana marudhara kesarI graMthAvalI), AcArya zrI hastImalajI (jaina AcArya caritAvalI) gaNezamuni (vINA vANI, subaha ke bhUle, gItoM kA madhuvana, saMgIta razmi, gIta guMjAra), AcArya tulasI zrI kAlU upadeza vATikA), muni mahendra kumAra kamala, saMskRti ke DhAI hajAra svara, pyAse svara, mana ke motI, prakAza ke patha para, phUla aura aMgAre), muni budhamala (maMthana, Avarta), muni rUpacaMda (kalA akalA, arddhavirAma, khule AkAza meM, guladastA, indradhanuSa), muni candanamala (maMjUSA), sAdhvI maMjulA (ceharA eka, darpaNa hajAra), sAdhvI saMghamitra (sAkSI hai zabdoM kI, bUMda bana gaI gaMgA), sAdhvI sumana (sAMso kA anuvAda, saMzaya kA caurAhA), marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI (upadeza bAvanI, budhavilAsa), kevala muni (gItaguMjAra, mere gIta, gItAvalI, gIta lahariyA, gIta saurabha), prakAza jaina (antaryAtrA), AcArya hastImala jI (gajendra muktAvalI), muni madhukara (guMjana) aadi| upanyAsa meM DA. premakumAra sumana (citoroM ke mahAvIra), mahAvIra koTiyA TIkA, AtmajayI, kuNIka Adi haiN| 1. Dr. K.C. Kasliwal, Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan, Page 138 2. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna (sampAdaka DA. narendra bhAnAvata) pR235 For Private and Personal Use Only

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422 . kahAnIkAroM meM gaNezamuni zAstrI (preraNA ke bindu, jIvana ke amRtakaNa), AcArya hastImala jI (dhArmika kahAniyAM), devendramuni (khilatI kaliyAM muskarAte phUla, pratidhvani, phUla aura parAga, bolate citra, amiTa rekhAeM, mahakate phUla), muni mahendrakumAra (jaina kahAniyAM bhAga 1 se 25), zrI madhukara muni (jaina kathAmAlA- bhAga 1-6), zrI bhagavatI muni nirmala (lo kahAnI suno, lo kathA kaha dUM), muni zrI chagamala (kathAkalpataru),zrI candana muni (antardhvani), muni zrI candrakamala (padacinha, razmiyAM), muni budhamala (AMkhoM ne kahA) aadi| jaina nATaka nATakoM meM DA. narendra bhAnAvata (viSa se amRta kI ora) aura mahendra jaina (mahAsatI candanabAlA) Adi hai| isa prakAra osavaMza ke sAhityakAroM ne anavarata jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye sadaiva ceSTA kI hai| jainagraMtha bhaNDAra osavaMza ne jainagraMtha bhaNDAroM ke dvArA jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa meM yoga diyA hai| rAjasthAna meM digambara aura zvetAmbara do sampradAyoM ke aneka vizAla graMtha bhaNDAra hai| digambara bhaNDAroM kA vivaraNa DA. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla ne 'da jaina graMtha bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna meM diyA hai| rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAra jJAnavijJAna ke saMrakSaNa ke kSetra meM abhUtapUrva hai| vigata 1000 varSa ke graMtha rAjasthAna ke jJAnabhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai| ye zAstra bhaNDAra kahIM vyaktiyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM hai aura kahIM saMsthAoM ke| jaina samAja ke maMdiroM, upAsaroM aura zrAvakoM ke nivAsoM para pANDulipiyoM kA apUrva saMgraha hai / gyArahavIM se unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke bIca sRjita sAhitya ke ye apUrva koSa hai| 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kAgaja kI upalabdhi lagabhaga nagaNya thii| jaisalamera ke graMthabhaNDAra meM prAcInatama graMtha 1060 I kA 'opaniyukti vRtti' tAr3apatra para likhA huA hai| ina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI aura hindI ke vividha vidhAoM ke graMtha upalabdha hai| jo sAhitya jJAnabhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM usase pichale 1000 varSoM kA prAmANika itihAsa sRjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina graMthabhaNDAroM meM jainakalA aura jaina citrakalA kI vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jodhapura saMbhAga ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAra (1) jaisalamera ke graMtha bhaNDAra jaisalamera jaina bhaNDAroM kI ora sarvaprathama dhyAna jarmana vidvAna vuhalara aura harmana jekobI kA gyaa| jaisalamera bhaNDAra ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya DA. esa.Ara. bhaNDArakara ne For Private and Personal Use Only

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423 kiyaa| isameM prAcInatama graMtha 867 I kA hai| (1) vRhada jJAna bhaNDAra, jaisalamera AcArya jinabhadrasUri 1440 I meM sambhavanAtha maMdira ke talaghara meM ise sthApita kiyaa| yahA~ tAr3apatrIya graMthoM kI saMkhyA 804 hai| yahA~ vimalasUri ke 'paDama cariDa' (141 I) paramAnaMdasUri ke hitopadezAmRta' (1253 I), devendra sUri ke 'zAMtinAtha carita', yazodevasUri ke 'candraprabhasvAmI carita' (1160 I), dhanapAla kRta "tilaka maMjarI' Adi aneka hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM haiN| isake atirikta kharataragaccha kApaMcAyatI bhaNDAra meM 14 tAr3apatrIya aura zeSa 1000 hastalikhita graMtha hai| yahA~ 1505 I kI sacitra "kalpasUtra' kI prati hai| paMcAnoM zAstra bhaNDAra meM 42 tAr3apatrIya hastalikhita graMthoM kA saMgraha hai / tapAgaccha jJAnabhaNDAra ko 1502 meM AnandavijayagaNI ne vyavasthita kiyA / "bar3A upAsarA jJAna bhaNDAra' meM yati vRddhicaMda kI guru paramparA kA saMgraha hai| yahA~ 1019 I kA eka graMtha hai| yahA~ jJAnasAgara sUri kI TIkA 1429 I kI hai| 'lokagacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra' kA saMgraha DUMgarayati ne kiyA, yahA~ tAr3apatrIya graMtha 500 anya hastalikhita graMtha hai| "yArUzAha jJAnabhaNDAra' kI sthApanA satrahavIM zatAbdI meM thAhasazAha bhaMsAlI ne kii| yahA~ 1612 I. aura 1827 I ke madhya kI aneka pANDulipiyA~ hai| yahA~ 4 tAr3apatrIya aura anya 1000 graMtha hai| isake atirikta 'harisAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, lohAvata' (2100 graMtha aura 87 guTake), 'bhaTTAraka jJAna bhaNDAra, nAgaura' (14000 pANDulipiyAM aura 1000 guTake haiN)| yahA~ adhikatara pANDulipiyAM 14vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI hai| jodhapura kSetra ke jJAna bhaNDAra . rAjasthAna prAcya vidyApratiSThAna (30000 hastalikhita graMtha) rAjasthAnIzodha saMsthAna caupAsanI (15000 hastalikhita graMtha), kezariyAna maMdira bhaNDAra (1000 pANDulipiyAM) hai| anya jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jaina jJAna ratnapustakAlaya, maMgalacaMda jJAna bhaNDAra, kAnamala nAhaTA kA sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra Adi haiN| ___ phalodI ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM phUlacaMda chAbaka ke pAsa 500 graMtha, puSpa zrI jJAnabhaNDAra meM 375 graMtha, dharmazAlAke mahAvIra jJAna bhaNDAra ke pAsa 150 graMtha saMgrahIta hai| rAjendra sUri jJAnabhaNDAra, Ahora meM vizAla saMgraha 4 baNDaloM meM baMdhe haiN| kucAmana siTI ke jJAnabhaNDAra ke 3 maMdiroM meM choTe choTe jJAnabhaNDAra hai| dhanArI (sirohI rAja) meM pUjya jJAnabhaNDAra padmasUri kI nizrA meM saMcAlita / / sirohI kA jaya vijaya jJAnabhaNDAra muni jaya vijaya kI nizrA meM saMcAlita thA / kalindI ke kevala vijaya jJAna bhaNDAra meM 2000 durlabhagraMtha hai| zivagaMja ke paMkubAI jJAna maMdira meM aneka graMthoM kI prAcIna pANDulipiyAM hai| sirohI meM sohanalAla pATanI ke nijI saMgraha meM 14vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke 1300 hastalikhita graMtha batAe jAte haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

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424 bIkAnera sambhAga ke jainazAstra bhaNDAra bIkAnera sambhAga meM lagabhaga eka lAkha hastalikhita graMthoM kA bhaNDAra hai jisameM 60000 abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, 15000 anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI aura zeSa anya bhaNDAroM meM hai jinameM mukhya hai - vRhada jJAna bhaNDAra, rAMgar3I kA cauka ( 10000 hastalikhita graMtha), pUjyabhaNDAra, kharataragaccha kA bar3A upAsarA (2500 graMtha aura 100 guTake) zrI jainalakSmI mohana bhaNDAra, rAMgar3I kA cauka (2529 graMtha aura 200 guTake), sumanAjI ke upAsare meM kSamA kalyANa jJAna bhaNDAra (715 graMtha kharatara gacchIya gurvAvalI nAmaka durlabhagraMtha upalabdha hai), boharoM kI serI meM upAzraya jJAnabhaNDAra (300 graMtha) mahopAdhyAya rAmalAla kA saMgraha (507 graMtha), kharatarAcArya zAkhA kA graMtha bhaNDAra (1875 graMtha), surANA kI guvAr3a meM mohanalAla kA saMgraha, yati lacchIrAma kA saMgraha, kocaToM ke upAzraya sthita graMtha bhaNDAra (800 graMtha) zrI jayakaraNa saMgraha (250 graMtha) seThiyA lAibrerI (1500 hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM), nAhaToM kI guvAr3a meM govinda pustakAlaya ( 6000 hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM ) motIcaMda khajAMcI kA saMgraha (6000 hastalikhita graMtha) botharoM kI guvAr3a meM jeThIbAI kA jJAna bhaNDAra (500 hastalikhita graMtha) hai| isake atirikta gaMgAzahara kA zAstra bhaNDAra (300 hastalikhita graMtha, zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA), curu ke pustakAlayoM meM surANA lAibrerI ( 2500 graMtha), kharataragacchIya varI kA upAsarA (3785 graMtha) saradAra zahara meM jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA kA jJAna bhaNDAra (1471 hastalikhita graMtha, 1477 I kI kalpasUtra kI svarNima syAhI meM likhI prati), zrIcaMda gaNezadAsa gadhaiyA kI havelI kA saMgraha, upakezagaccha (kevalAgaccha) ke pUjya aura yati premasundara ke saMgraha, bhInAsara kA jJAnabhaNDAra (700-800 graMtha) kAlUgrAma kA jJAna bhaNDAra (i kizanalAla ke saMgraha ke kucha graMtha) nohara meM kucha zrAvakoM ke saMgraha sUratagar3ha meM jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaNDAra, hanumAnagar3ha meM tArAcaMda tAter3a kA saMgraha, rAjaladesara meM upakeza gacchIya yati daulatapura ke saMgraha, ratanagar3ha meM vedoM kI lAibrerI aura sohanalAla veda ke kucha graMtha, chApara meM mohanalAla dudhoriyA ke saMgraha, sujAnagar3ha meM loMkAgaccha ke anuyAyI rAmalAla yati, kharataragaccha ke yati dudhecaMda aura dAnacaMda copar3A kI lAibrerI ke graMtha aura riNI meM pannAlAla ke vyaktigata saMgraha hai / ajamera-jayapura sambhAga ke jaina bhaNDAra Amera zAstra bhaNDAra (2705 hastalikhita graMtha aura 150 guTake ), kundIgaroM bhairoM jI kA rAstA meM jaina upAzraya meM zvetAmbara jaina bhaNDAra (3500 graMtha, prAcInatama graMtha 1447 I kA pArzvanAtha carita aura 1452 I kA AcarAMga bAlAboNa), bhomiyoM ke rAste meM berAThiyoM ke maMdira meM sthita nayA maMdira kA bhaNDAra (1549 I), brahmajinadAsa kRta harivaMza purANa (1584 I), lAla bhavana sthita vinayacaMda jJAnabhaNDAra (7000 mudrita aura amudrita graMtha), kuMdIgaroM ke bhairoM jI ke rAste meM zivajIrAmabhavana muni kAMti sAgara kI hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha, jayapura kA mahArAjA pothIkhAnA ( 18000 hastalikhita pratiyAM), rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna (2000 graMtha) hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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425 alavara kA khaNDelavAla paMcAyatI maMdira bhaNDAra (23 hastalikhita graMtha, bhaktAbhara aura tatvArtha sUtra kI svarNAkSarI pratiyAM), agravAla paMcAyatI maMdira (186 graMtha) chAjU jI kA maMdira ( 60 graMtha) nayA bAjAra jaina maMdira (39 graMtha) Adi hai| bharatapura kA paMcAyatI maMdira zAstra bhaNDAra (801 graMtha, prAcInatama graMtha tapAgaccha gurvAvalI (1433 I), DIga meM paMcAyatI maMdira zAstra bhaNDAra (21 hastalikhita graMtha) sevaTarAma pATanI kI mallinAtha carita (1493), jainamaMdira purAnI DIga zAstra bhaNDAra ( 101 hastalikhita graMtha) Adi hai| udayapura sambhAga ke zAstra bhaNDAra kesariyA jI meM 1070 hastalikhita graMtha hai / yahA~ 1359 I meM likhita 'saMgrahaNI sUtra' bAlAvabodha hai| koTA sambhAga ke zAstra bhaNDAra koTA kA kharataragacchIya zAstra bhaNDAra (317 hastalikhita graMtha), kalpasUtra kI svarNAMkita kRti (1473 I) mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara ke saMgraha meM 1500 pANDulipiyAM hai aura bUMdI kA sthAnakavAsI zAstra bhaNDAra Adi hai / isake atirikta raghunAtha jJAnabhaNDAra sojata, jayamala jJAnabhaNDAra pIpAr3a, jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra jodhapura, jaina ratnapustakAlaya, maMgalacaMda jJAna bhaNDAra jodhapura, jaina zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra alavara, jaina divAkara jJAnabhaNDAra byAvara, sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra bhinAya, nAnakarAma jJAnamaMdira, lAkhanakoTar3I ajamera Adi jJAnabhaNDAra sthAnakavAsI sampradAya sambandhita hai| anya jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jAlora kA muni kalyANavijaya kA saMgraha, mer3atA kA paMcAyatI jJAna bhaNDAra, sirohI kA tapAgacchIya bhaNDAra, ghANerAva kA himAcala sUri jJAnabhaNDAra, udayapura kA hAthIpola kI jainadharmazAlA aura dezanoka meM DosIjI ke pAsa bhI acchA saMgraha hai| isa prakAra rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM ne anUThe ratna saMgrahIta kara rakhe haiM / zvetAmbara jainazAstra bhaNDAroM meM adhikatara rakharakhAva osavaMzIya zrAvakoM ke dvArA huA hai| jainakalA osavaMzI zrAvakoM ke prayatnoM se rAjasthAna meM jainakalAeM phliiphuulii| dharma aura saMskRti kA avibhAjya sambandha hai / jaina citrakalA bhitti citroM kI kalA ke pazcAt 10vIM 3vIM zatAbdI meM tAr3apatrIya citroM ke rUpa meM jaina laghu citrazailI vikasita huI / nArmana brAuna to ise 'zvetAmbara jaina zailI' kahA haiM / ' 1. DA. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina, madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 269 For Private and Personal Use Only

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426 DA. kumArasvAmI ne ise jainakalA, ena.sI. mehatA ne 'gujarAtI zailI', rAmakRSNadAsa ne 'apabhraMzazailI'', tibbatI itihAsajJa tArAnAtha ne 'pazcima bhAratIya zailI' khaa| sArAbhAI navAba ne ise 'pazcimI jaina zailI 2 kahA hai| jaina citrakalA kA samaya 3vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt jainazailI ne mugala zailI ke sAtha saMyukta hokara 16vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAta rAjasthAna kI vividha zailiyoM ko janma diyaa| rAjasthAnI citrakalA kA prArambha tAr3apatrIya graMthoM se mAnA jAtA hai| jaisalamera ke jinabhadrasUri jJAnabhaNDAra meM 'dazavaikAlika sUtra cUrNi' aura 'oghaniryukti' ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / rAjasthAna meM jainakalA vastroM aura kASThaphalaka para bhI mile haiN| sabase prAcIna kASThaphalaka 'seTha zaMkaradAsa nAhaTA kalA bhavana' meM hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta bhI tAr3apatrIya graMthoM kI paramparA satat rahI hai / citranirmANa ke liye kAgaja kA prayoga 14vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt huA / 14vIM zatAbdI se hI vastrAMkita graMtha aura citra milanA prArambha ho jAte haiN| 17vIM se 18vIM zatAbdI ke bhitti citra aneka sthAnoM para surakSita hai / laghucitrazailI, sacitra kAgajagraMtha, sacitra vastrapaTTa, kASTaphalaka, vijJaptipatra Adi ke rUpa meM milate haiN| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir tAr3apatrIya citroM meM tIrthaMkaroM, devI deviyoM, muniyoM aura dharmarakSakoM kI AkRtiyAM hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki pazcima bhArata meM utpanna citra zailI nakha-zikha, raMgavidhAna evaM rekhA sauSThava kI dRSTi se rAjasthAnI zailI yA anya kisI bhI citra zailI se bhinna hai| isakA Alekhana ajaMtA kI bauddha zailI ke paryApta nikaTa hai|' jainacitroM kA Alekhana mukhyata: nAgaura, jAlora, jodhapura, bIkAnera, cittor3a, udayapura, jaisalamera, pAlI aura kucAmana Adi kSetroM meM huA / jaina mUrtikalA tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM do rUpoM meM milatI hai- 1. kAyotsargamudrA (khar3I huI), 2. padmAsana mudrA (baiThI huI) / 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva aura guptakAla meM rAjasthAna meM dhAtu pratimAeM upalabdha hone lagI / kalAtmaka dRSTi se jaina mUrtiyoM meM dhAtu pratimAeM bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| ina dhAtu pratimAoM meM vaividhya hai, vaha pASANa pratimAoM meM nahIM hai| basantagar3ha meM prApta 687 I kI 4 phuTa U~cI do khar3agAsana savastra dhAtu pratimAeM dhAtu mUrtikalA meM nayA adhyAya jor3atI hai / inameM gAMdhArazailI kI buddha pratimAoM kI taraha kA pahanAvA dikhAyA gayA hai|' dhAtu pratimAoM meM pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana kI mUrtiyAM hai, jisameM eka para 669 I aura dUsarI para 699 ke lekha hai / ' ye dhAtu pratimAeM pazcimI bhArata kI sarva prAcIna dhAtu pratimAeM hai| rAjasthAna meM jainadhAtu mUrtiyAM vizAla saMkhyA meM prApta hai| bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya meM 14 dhAtu mUrtiyAM saMgrahIta hai / 1. rAyakRSNadAsa, bhAratIya citrakalA, pR 29 2. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR 368 3. DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina, madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM dharma, pR 288 4. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 295 5. arbuda maNDala kA sAMskRtika vaibhava, pR42 For Private and Personal Use Only

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427 madhyakAla kI dhAtu pratimAoM meM basantagar3hazailI kI dhAtu pratimAoM meM acalagaDha ke maMdira kI dhAtu pratimAeM mahattavapUrNa hai|' DUMgarapura meM 12 mUrtiyoM kA vajana 1444 mana hai| 1603 I. meM sirohI ke ajitanAtha maMdira meM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha kI 1313 saMvat kI pratimA badalatI kalAtmaka rupa ko sUcita karatI hai| __ maMdiroM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta sarasvatI, ambikA, padmAvatI, cakrezvarI, saccikAdevI, marudevI, yakSa, kubera, AcAryoM, dAniyoM aura saMrakSakoM, hindUdeva devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM milatI hai| arbudamaNDala zilpakAroM kA gar3ha rahA hai| prastara pratimAoM meM bharatapura kSetra meM jaTAdhArI AdinAtha kI mUrti hai| patthara aura pAre kI kubera kI mUrti vilakSaNa hai / bharatapura meM neminAtha kI 2'-4" U~cI mUrti guptakAlIna kalA paramparA kI hai| khIMvasara se prApta 11vIM sadI kI mahAvIra kI vizAlakAya pratimA alaukika hai| pilAnI ke pAsa narabhaTTa meM sumatinAtha aura neminAtha kI kAyotsarga mudrA kI anya pratimAe guptottarakAlIna hai| alavara pradeza meM 11vIM zatAbdI kI 24 phITa U~cI vizAla jaina pratimA bhaMgura grAma se khojI gaI hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI prastara pratimAeM adhika sundara to nahIM, kintu kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| nAgadA ke adbhutajI ke maMdira meM zAMtinAtha kI 10 phITa U~cI eka padmAsana pratimA adbhuta hai| yaha 1473 meM nirmita huii| adhikatara mUrtiyAM 12vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI hai, jinake lekhoM meM AcAryoM, pratiSThAkAroM, zrAvakoM, unakI jAti, gaccha, aura parivAra Adi ke varNana hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina prastarakAla meM sthAnIya zilpiyoM kI sAdhanA rahI hai| jaina sthApatya kalA 'rAjasthAna ke jainamaMdira sAtvika, pavitra bhAvanAoM ke udgAtA, sAhitya ke saMrakSaka, sAdhanA ke kendra sthala hone ke sAtha hI apane utkRSTatama sthApatya, zilpavaibhava evaM sAMskRtika bhUmikA ke liye vikhyAta rahe haiN|' rAjasthAna ke kucha maMdira AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke bhI the, jinheM dhvasta kara diyA gyaa| 8vIM zatAbdI ke hI maMdiroM meM jaina sthApatya kA viziSTa svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa aneka dhanI osavaMza ke zreSThiyoM ne bhI krvaayaa| jainamaMdira mUlata: sthApatya kI nAgara zailI ke haiM, jisakA zikhara gola hotA hai, agrabhAga para kalazAkRti banAI jAtI hai, zikhara garbhagRha ke Upara hotA hai| maMdira nirmANa sAdagI aura pavitratA hotI hai| 1. madhyakAlIna, rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 297 2. vahI, pR299 3. History of Indian & Eastern Architecture, Page 250. 4. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma.4297 5. vahI, pR305 6. vahI, pR305 For Private and Personal Use Only

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428 783-84 I meM pratihAra vatsarAja ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita osiyA kA jainamaMdira isa kAla ke sthApatya kA sampUrNa pratIka hai|' jaina sthApatya kI dRSTi se 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke kAla ko jaina sthApatya kA svarNakAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM osavaMza ke zreSThiyoM, vyApAriyoM Adi ne dharma kI prabhAvanA ke liye protsAhana diyaa| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne cAlukya nirmANa zailI ko apnaayaa| isake anusAra eka garbhagRha, vakrabhAga yukta eka gUDha maNDapa, cha yA nau caukiyoM vAlA eka stambha yukta mukha maNDapa, sAmane eka nRtya maNDapa / ye saba catuSkoNa meM hote haiN| jIrAvalA, varamANa, chiMDavAr3A, nitor3A, kAlaMdrI, gohalI Adi ke maMdira bAvana jinAlaya paddhati ke haiN| isakI prathama paddhati meM mUlamaMdira ke cAroM ora mukhyadvAra ko chor3akara 51 devakulikAeM hotI hai, sAmane stambhoM para TikA eka barAmadA hotA hai| dUsarI paddhati meM mukhya maMdira ke pIche aura garbhagRha ke donoM pAryoM meM antaraMga maMdira aura usake sAmane TikA huA gumbada hotA hai| ina gumbadoM ko milAte hae barAmadoM ke bhItara 48 devakala prakoSTha cAroM ora hote haiN| sirohI ke caumukhA maMdira, ajitanAtha maMdira, AdIzvara maMdira aura delavAr3A ke mandiroM kI yahI zailI zvetAmbara jaina maMdiroM meM delavAr3A AbU kA jaina maMdira (vi.saM. 1088) lUNavasati kA mandira (1287- neminAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA), acalagar3ha ke maMdira (AdinAtha bhagavAna kA caukSuravA maMdira), bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA maMdira (1721), daravAje ke pAsa kuthunAtha kA maMdira (saM 1527) hai| piMDavADA meM bAvana jinAlaya vAle maMdira meM kAyotsarga kI jinamUrtiyAM hai, jinameM prAcIna kharoSThI lipi kA lekha vi.saM. 744 kA hai| mAravAr3a ke bar3I paMcatIrthI ke maMdira rANakapura, muMchAlA, mahAvIrajI, nAraloI, nADola aura varakANA meM hai| sAdar3I se 6 mIla dUra kapUra meM 1444 stambhoM para Azrita maMdira meM pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga kI mudrA hai| nAraloI ke 3 maMdiroM meM AdIzvara bhagavAna kA 1000 purAnA maMdira sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se zreSTha hai / nADaula tIrtha meM kalAtmaka aura vizAla padmaprabhujI kA maMdira hai| varakANA pArzvanAtha maMdira vi.saM. 1211 ke pUrva kA hai| rAtA mahAvIrajI (javAI bAMdha se 14 mIla pUrva) meM mahAvIra svAmI kI lAla raMga kI mUrti hai| koraMTA tIrtha eranapurA chAvanI se 6 mIla para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA maMdira hai| sirohI meM 18 jaina maMdira hai| 15 mandira eka hI mohalle meM hai| jAlora jile suvargagiri tIrtha se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA gaganacumbI maMdira hai| nAkaur3a tIrtha meM 12 se 17vIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyAM hai| kAparar3AtIrtha kI sthApanA vi.saM. 1678 meM jaitAraNa nivAsI bhANajI bhaNDArI ne kii| ghAMghANI tIrtha 400 purAnA mAnA jAtA hai| nAgaura meM 1515 kA zAMtinAtha bhagavAna kA prAcIna maMdira hai| jaisalamera kI paMcatIrthI meM- jaisalamera, amarasAgara, loDavA, pokaraNa aura brahmasAgara hai| bIkAnera meM 30 jaina maMdira hai| jodhapura kA jUnI maNDI kA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA maMdira vi.saM. 1800 kA hai| mevAr3a meM karIba 350 maMdira hai| AhAr3a tIrtha meM 1000 varSa purAne maMdira hai| zrI kesariyA meM prAcInatama 1. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 307 2. vahI, pR310 3. Propressive Report of Archealogical Survey, Western Circle, Page 173. For Private and Personal Use Only

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429 zilAlekha saM 1431 kA hai| karer3A pArzvanAtha (bhopAlasAgara sTezana ke pAsa) ke kucha lekha 12vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke haiN| cittor3agar3ha kA zAnti jinacaitya sthApatya kI dRSTi se bejor3a hai| vi.saM. 1505 meM karmAzAha kI dekharekha meM isakA nirmANa huaa| kuMbhalagar3ha meM tIna maMdira haiM jisameM vi.saM. 1515, vi.saM. 1608 ke lekha hai| ajamera ke pAMca zvetAmbara maMdira saM 1800 ke hai| kizanagar3ha kA zAMtinAtha maMdira saM 1698 kA hai| jayapura meM 9 zvetAmbara maMdira haiM, jisameM sumatinAtha kA maMdira vi.saM. 1784 kA aura pArzvanAtha kA maMdira 1800 kA hai| Amera kA candraprabha svAmI kA maMdira vi.saM. 1871 kA hai| alavara meM do zvetAmbara maMdira hai| vizAla pArzvanAtha maMdira saMvat 1800 kA hai| jhAlAvAr3a ke nAgezvara tIrtha meM zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu kI 9 phITa kI saiMkar3oM varSa purAnI pratimA hai| niSkarSa:- jainazailI kI mukhya vizeSaNa cakSu citraNa ke haiM, jo jaina sthApatya aura ziSya se AI hai| raMga saMyojana meM adhikatara lAla raMga kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| rekhAoM kI dRSTi se jaina citra sampanna hai| svarNa aura rajata sAmagrI se citra nirmANa bhI jaina zailI kI vizeSaNa hai| dharmapradhAna citroM meM nArI kA aMkana sImita hI hai| vastrAbharaNoM meM bhI jaina citroM kA vaiziSTya hai| jaina citroM meM lokakalA bhI abhivyakta huI hai| ahiMsA pradhAna jaina dharma ke citroM meM dayA aura lokopakAra kI bhAvanA hai| ina kRtiyoM meM mAnavIya Adarza hai| jaina vAstukalA dharmAzrita vAstukalA hai| jainamata ke sAMskRtika cetanA ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina citrakalA, jainamUrtikalA aura jaina sthApatya kalA ne mahatvapUrNa yoga diyaa| jainakalA meM jainadharma aura jainamata kA sAMskRtika Adarza pratibimbita hotA hai| athUNA, osiyA, nADaula aura nAgadA ke vividha maMdira meM AtmotthAna ke bhAva pratibimbita hote haiM / ina kalAoM meM zramaNa saMskRti ke amaratatvoM kA prasphuTana hai| jainatIrtha jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne Atmazuddhi aura AtmakalyANa ke liye tIrthayAtrA lokapriya thii| jinasena kRta AnandapurANa ke anusAra jo apAra saMsAra samudra pAra kare, use tIrtha kahate rAjasthAna meM kula cAra paMcatIrtha hai 1. mAravAr3a kI bar3I paMcatIrthI- kendra sAdar3I- raNakapura, muMchAlA, nADalAI, nADaura, vrkaannaa| 2. mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI- nANA, diyANA, nAMdiyA, varamANa, ajaarii| 3. mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI- kesariyAjI, nAgadA, delavAr3A, dayAlazAha kA kilA, karer3A tIrtha / 4. jaisalamera kI paMcatIrthI- jaisalamera, ludravA, amarasAra, devIkoTa, vrslpur| pramukha tIrthoM meM pUrvamadhyakAla meM AbU (1032 I se pUrva hI), vimala vasati 1. jinasena, AdipurANa, pR418 saMsArAbdhepArasya taraNe tIrthamiSyate / ceSTitaM jina nAthAnAM tasyo ktistIrthasaMkathA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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430 (1031 I), lUNavasahi (pratiSThA 1230 I- nAgendragaccha ke vijayasena sUri), jainamaMdira bhImAzAha (pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya), caumukhA yApArzvanAthamaMdira (kharataragacchAcArya jinacandrasUri-1458 I) maMdira vardhamAna svAmI (pandrahavIM zatAbdI) acalagar3ha, mandira caumukhI (1509 I kA lekha), AdinAtha maMdira, kuMthunAtha maMdira (pratiSThA 1470 I) hai, narenA (1026 I kA abhilekha), mUMgathalA (sirohI, navIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA), talavAr3A (bAMsavAr3A ke pAsa, 10vIM zatAbdI meM pradyumna sUri Ae the) moravAno (dezanoka ke pAsa, 1666 I kA abhilekha), phalaudI 1124 I meM dharmaghoSa sUri ne tIrtha kI sthApanA kI), jIrAvalA (delavAr3A ke citra, jainAcArya devasUri ne 274 I meM isakI pratiSThA kI,' haribhadrasUri ke ziSya zivacandra gaNI ne yahA~ yAtrA kI, haridattasUri ne isa maMdira kI pratiSThA kI', kirADU (vartamAna meM koI maMdira nahIM), bhInamAla (siddhasena sUri ne bhInamAla ke jainatIrtha kahA ),osiyA (8vIM zatAbdI meM pratihAra vatsarAja kA zAsana, 18 jaina aura brAhmaNa maMdira, 700-800 I ke madhya ke haiM, mahAvIra maMdira para 895 kA abhilekha, mer3atA (3vIM zatAbdI meM abhayadevasUri ne brAhmaNoM ko jainamata meM dIkSita kara yahA~ maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA, jinacaMdrasUri 1322 I. meM Ae aura 24 dina taka vihAra kiyA, jAlora (jAbAlipura, siddhasena sUri ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai, 1182 I. meM yazovIra nAma zrIlAlI vaizya ne apane bhAI yazarAja, jagadhara tathA goSThI ke samasta sadasyoM ke sAtha AdinAtha maMdira meM eka maNDapa banavAyA thA, 1164 IkAabhilekha bhI hai pArzvanAtha maMdira meM hai, bhaNDArI yazovIra ne 1185 I meM isako punarnirmita karavAyA, 1126 I meM narapati nAmaka osavAla ne isa maMdira (tRtIya mahAvIra maMdira) ko 100 drama bheMTa kI, 1224 I meM jinezvara sUri ne isa maMdira para dhvajA phaharAI, 1300 I ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki narapati aura usake pitA osavAla sonI the sAMcora (1265 I ke eka abhilekha ke anusAra osavAla bhaNDArI chAdhikA ne eka catuSkikA kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA,' 1226 I. meM jinakuzalasUri sAMcora Ae, nAgadA (adbhutajI, 13vIM zatAbdI meM vizAla kIrti ke ziSyaya madanakIrti ne nAgadraha meM pArzvanAtha kI vandanA kI) AghATa (udayapura ke pAsa, yazobhadrasUri 972 I meM yahIM divaMgata hue) nAgaura (nAgapurA, nADAra, nAgapaTTana, ahipura, bhujaMganagarakaI jaina maMdira the, 860 meM eka jaina maMdira kI sthApanA zreSThi nArAyaNa dvArA huI, dhanadeva ne neminAtha maMdira banavAyA aura sthApanA jinavallabhasUri dvArA huI, osavaMzI pethar3azAha ne 13vIM zatAbdI meM eka jaina maMdira banavAyAthA,101467 I meM AdityanAga gotra ke zrIvanta aura zivarata ne upakezagaccha ke kakkasUri ke dvArA zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA sthApanA samAroha karavAyA," upakezagaccha ke 1. arbudAcala kA sAMskRtika vaibhava, pR88 2. madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR 191 3. gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, pR76, pR 156 4. kharataragaccha vRhada gurNAvalI, pR68 5. Epigraphica India, Page 26, Page 73 6. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, 1 204 7. Progress Report of Achaeotigical Survey, Western Circle, Page 35 8. kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI, pR80 9. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR233 10. vahI, pR405 11. jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara) kramAMka 1274 For Private and Personal Use Only

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431 anuyAyI yahA~ vipula mAtrA meM the, tapAgaccha kI nAgapuriyA zAkhA kA udbhava yahIM se huA) khaNDelA (sIkara ke pAsa) hathUNDI (rAtA mahAvIra, pratimAoM kA sthApanA samAroha vAsudevAcArya ke ziSya zAlibhadra dvArA 997 I sampanna huA, 1278 I kA bhI abhilekha upalabdha hai, hathUNDiyA rAThaur3a yahA~ dIkSita hokara hathUNDiyA zrAvaka kahalAe), nADaula (jAlora ke pAsa), do kAyotsarga pratimAoM ke 1158 I. ke abhilekha upalabdha haiM, ye pratimAeM devasUri ke ziSya padamacandra gaNI dvArA mahAvIra mandira meM sthApita kI gaI, mukhyavedI para 1629 I kI abhilekha yukta3 pratimAe haiM, jo jodhapura ke muhaNota jayamala ke dvArA sthApita karavAI gaI hai), koraTA tIrtha (prAcIna nAma koraMTaka, upakezagaccha caritra ke anusAra yaha 2000 varSa purAnA hai, 10vIM zatAbdI ke dhanapAla ne apanI kavitA meM mahAvIra maMdira kA ullekha kiyA hai, upakeza gaccha kI zAkhA koraMTagaccha kI utpatti isI sthAna se huI), saMDerA tIrtha (pAlI ke pAsa, yahA~ saMDeraka gaccha ke mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke do maMdira the), nADalAI (prAcIna nAma- naDulaDAgikA, nandakulavatI, nADulAI, nAradapurI Adi, prAcInakAla meM 16 maMdira, 1500 I ko abhilekha ke anusAra saMDeraka gaccha ke yazobhadrasUri 907 I meM nADalAI Ae the), pAlI (pAllikA, pallikA, pallI-pallIvAla gaccha kA utpatti sthAna),kher3A (khehA, lavaNakher3A, 12vIM zatAbdI ke siddhasena sUri ne tIrtharUpa meM isakA ullekha kiyA, yahA~ RSabhadeva mandira kA eka toraNa nirmANa sthApanA samAroha bhAvahar3a gaccha ke vijayasiMha sUri dvArA 1180 I meM sampanna karavAyA gayA, 1326 meM ye jinakuzalasUri bADamera se jAlora Ate kher3A ruke the, jinapatisUri meM 1186 I meM cAturmAsa yahIM kiyA thA, jinapatisUri ne nemicaMda bhaNDArI ke putra aMbar3akumAra ko dIkSita kara vIraprabha nAma diyA aura yahI jinezvara sUri ke nAma se jAne jAne lage, harasUra (puSkara DegAnA basa mArga para, prAcIna nAma harSapurA, harSapurA gaccha yahIM se utpanna huA, yahA~ 13vIM zatAbdI kA osavAloM kA maMdira hai, isakI prastara pratimA para 996 I kA abhilekha aMkita hai ), raNathambhora (siddhasena sUri ne raNathambhora ko tIrthoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA), barodA (vATapadraka, DUMgarapura se 45 kimI dUra, eka abhilekha 1516 kA upalabdha hai, anya 1302 I, 1307 I ke abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai, dIvAla kA sthApanA samAroha kharataragacchIya ke jinacandrasUri dvArA 1308 meM kiyA gayA)", jUnA (bADamera ke nikaTa, prAcIna nAma jUnA bAhar3amera, bahar3ameru, bAhaDagirI, bAppaDAI Adi, 1262 I ke zilAlekha meM cauhAna cAcikadeva kA ullekha) baramANa tIrtha (vAmanavADa mahAvIra tIrtha, sirohI ke pAsa, prAcIna nAmabrAhmaNavAr3A, brahmANa, brAhmavATaka, bammanavAr3a Adi, siddhasena kRta 'sakala tIrtha stotra' meM isakA ullekha hai,' isa sthAna se brahamANaka gaccha kI utpatti huI, mahAvIra mandira san 1185 meM nirmita huA, kalAtmakatA aura zilpadarzanIya hai), candrAvalI tIrtha (AbU ke nikaTa, prAcIna nAma caTTAvalI, caDaDhAvalI, caDhADati, 'sakala tIrtha stotra' meM isakA ullekha hai, jinaprabhasUri dvArA 1. muni jinavinaya, prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha,2 kramAMka 364, 365 2. vahI, pR 366, 367 3.kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI,180 4. Ancient Cities & Towns of Rajasthan, No. 32 5. Gayakwad Oriental Series, Page 156. 6. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, DUMgarapura rAjya, 16 7.Gayakwad Onental Senes, 76, Page 156. For Private and Personal Use Only

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432 1389 meM viracita 'vividha tIrthakalpa' meM candraprabhu mandira kA varNana hai, padmasena sUri ke AcArya ne 1235 I meM candraprabhu maMdira banavA,'), mIrapura tIrtha (anAdarA siroha mArga para, prAcIna nAma hamIrapura, azoka ke pautra samprAti ne hamIragar3ha meM pArzvanAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thA, enasAiklopIDiyA oNpha varDa ArTa meM isa maMdira kA ullekha hai), nAdahada tIrtha / jhuMjhunu jile meM, vAgar3a kA mahatvapUrNa nagara, AcArya vinayaprabhasUri ne tIrthayAtrA upavana' meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai, cauhAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM jinadattasUri ne pArzvanAtha kI eka nauphaNI pratimA sthApita kI thI, jinakuzala sUri narahada meM jinadattasUri dvArA pratiSThita pArzvanAtha pratimA ke darzana ke liye ruke the) ArAsaNA tIrtha (arbudAcala kI talahaTI meM, neminAtha kI zveta saMgamaramara kI 1618 Ike lekhavAlI pratimA hai, jisake upakeza gacchIya vijayadeva sUri dvArA pratiSThA karane kA ullekha hai, prathama maMdira para 1251 I kA lekha hai, dUsare mahAvIra mandira para 1618 I kA lekha hai, tIsare zAMtinAtha maMdira meM 1089 I aura 1081 I ke ullekha haiM', caturtha maMdira kI vedI para 359 I kA lekha hai, parikramA ke aMtima devAlaya para 1104 I kA lekha hai aura pAMcavA maMdira sambhavanAtha kA hai, ghaMghANI tIrtha (arjunapura, yahA~ samprati dvArA banAyA gayA 2200 varSa purAnA maMdira batAyA jAtA hai, yahA~ 880 I kI eka AdinAtha kI pratimA khojI gaI hai) 1184 I ke abhilekha meM bhaNDArI guNadhara dvArA maNDAre kI maNDapikA se AdhA drama pratimAha dene kA ullekha hai, muchAlA mahAvIra tIrtha (ghANerAva ke nikaTa, 10vIM zatAbdI kAmaMdira, prAcInatama abhilekha 976 I kA hai,12) varakANA tIrtha (gor3avAr3A kI paMcatIrthI kA eka mahatvapUrNa tIrtha, navacaukI ke stambha para cauhAnakAla kA 1154 kA ullekha hai| yaha maMdira 12vIM zatAbdI meM nirmita pratIta hotA hai), karer3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha (yaha mevAr3a kI paMcatIrthI kA pArzvanAtha tIrtha hai, sthApatya vaiziSTya ke kAraNa mahatvapUrNa hai, yaha 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ kI eka dhAtu pratimA se 7vIM zatAbdI kA lekha prApta huA hai, isa pratimA kI pratiSThA saMDeraka gaccha ke yazobhadra ke ziSya zyAmAcArya ne karavAI thI, zyAma pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para 982 I kA lekha utkIrNa hai) nAMdiyA tIrtha (mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI ke antargata, prAcIna nAma naMdigrAma, nandipura, nandivarddhanapura, mahAvIra maMdira para 1073 IkAabhilekha hai,''), diyANA tIrtha (mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI kA tIrtha, mUlamaMdira zAMtinAtha kA, vartamAna meM 1. vahI, pR 156 2. jinaprabhasUri, vividha tIrthakAla, pRSTha 16, 85 3. Ancient Cities & Towns of Rajasthan, Page 345. 4.jainasAhitya saMzodhaka, 1, aMka 3, pRSTha 8 5. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR49 6. kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI, pR72 7. Ancient Cities & Towns of Rajasthan, Page 325. 8. jaina tIrtha gAiDa,106 9. vahI, pR107 10. vahI, 1109 11. jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara) bhAga 2, kramAMka 1709 12. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 323 13. jainalekha saMgraha (nAhara), bhAga 2, kramAMka 1905 14. vahI, kramAMka 1948 15. arbudAcalajaina pradikSaNA lekha saMdoha, kramAMka 452 For Private and Personal Use Only

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433 967 I kI mahAvIra pratimA kA 954 I kA lekha, jisakI pratiSThA vRhadagacchIya yakSadevasUri dvArA kI gaI'), ajArI tIrtha (mAravAr3a kI choTI paMcatIrthI kA eka tIrtha, piMDavAr3A ke pAsa, 961 I se 1397 I taka ke kaI abhilekha prApta hue haiM, 1397 I meM pippalAgacchAcArya ke somaprabhasUri ne sumatinAtha kI pratimA nirmita karavAI), loTANA tIrtha (zAMtinAtha paMcatIrthI kA 1054 I kA prAcInatama lekha milatA hai, jisameM upakezagacchIya devaguptasUri kA ullekha hai,) Adi mahatvapUrNa zvetAmbara paramparA ke tIrtha haiN| cittaur3a (8vIM zatAbdI ke santa haribhadrasUri kA janma aura kAryakSetra rahA, jinadattasUri kA paTTa samAroha 11 12 I. meM yahIM sampanna huA,' eka maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra bhaNDArI zreSThi velA ne 1448 meM karavAyA, yaha tapAgaccha kA maMdira hai, zeSa kharataragaccha ke haiM, 12vIM zatAbdI meM yaha jainamatAvalambiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa tIrtha mAnA jAtA thaa| jaisalamera ke tIrtha dharma. kalA aura sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA gar3ha rahA hai| yahA~ ke kuzala zilpiyoM ne chenI aura hathaur3oM ke mAdhyama se nIrasa pASANoM meM jisa prakAra kalA kI rasadhArA bahAI, vaha advitIya hai| yaha zvetAmbara sampradAya kA bahuta bar3A tIrtha hai| yahA~ 10 jainamaMdira hai| citrakUTa durga meM sthita cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdira 1218 I meM kSemaMdhara ke putra jagadhara ne nirmita krvaayaa| sambhavanAtha maMdira kA prArambha 1437 I meM copar3A gotrIya hemarAjapUnA ne krvaayaa|' isa maMdira ke 1440 I ke eka lekha meM copar3A vaMzIya zreSThiyoM kI vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| trikUTa durga meM zItalanAtha maMdira DAgA lUNasA mUNasA ne 1452 I meM krvaayaa| zAMtinAtha aura aSTApada maMdira kA nirmANa copar3A gotrIya khetA aura pAMcA ne karavAyA aura pratiSThA kharataragaccha ke jinasamudrasUri ne 1479 I meM kii| candraprabhasvAmI maMdira kI pratiSThA bhaNasAlI gotrIya bIdA ne 1452 I meM krvaaii| trikUTa durga ke RSabhadeva maMdira kA nirmANa copar3A gotrIya saccA ke putra dhannA ne 1479 I meM karavAyA aura pratiSThA 1479 I meM krvaaii| aMtima aura AThaveM maMdira- mahAvIra svAmI maMdira kA nirmANa 1416 I meM osavAla vaMza ke varaDiyA gotra ke dIpA ne krvaaii| nagara meM do aura maMdira mahatvapUrNa hai- supArzvanAtha maMdira (1812 I) aura vimalanAtha maMdira (1609 ii)| lodravA bhI nagara nirmANa ke bAda jainadharma kA kendra rhaa| raNakapura jainatIrtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA prasiddha tIrtha hai| isa maMdira ko rANapura kA caumukhamaMdira bhI kahate haiN| yaha mAravAr3a ke bar3e paMcatIrthI kA eka maMdira hai| isa maMdira meM AdinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita hai| yaha sundara aura kalAtmaka hai| yaha bhArata kA viziSTa zvetAmbara jainatIrtha 1. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 331 2. Ancient Cities & Towns of Rajasthan, Page 131. 3. zrI jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha, 321 4. prabhAvaka caritra, pR171-182 5. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma, pR243 6. kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI, pR 34 7. jaina lekha saMgraha, kramAMka 2139 8.jaina lekha saMgraha (nAhara) bhAga 3. kramAMka 2400 For Private and Personal Use Only

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434 hI nahIM, kalA tIrtha bhI hai| 1442 I meM meha kavi ne ise 'trailokya dIpaka khaa| ise AdinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita hai| isameM rAjasthAna kI jainakalA aura dhArmika paramparA kA apUrva pradarzana huA hai| yaha 48000 vargaphuTa jamIna para nirmita hai| isa maMdira meM kula 24 maNDapa, 84 zikhara aura 1444 stambha haiN| stambhoM kA saMyojana aisA hai ki koI bhI stambha pratimA ke dekhane meM bandhaka nahIM hai| vAstuzAstrI phargyusana ke anusAra "maiM aisA anya koI bhavana nahIM jAnatA jo itanA rocaka aura prabhAvazAlI ho yA jo stambhoM kI vyavasthA meM itanI sundaratA vyakta karate ho|| RSabhadeva (kesariyA jI) tIrtha- yaha udayapura se 64 kilomITara dUra dhuleva nAmaka grAma meM hai| bhIla loga RSabhadeva kI zyAma pratimA ko 'kAriyA bAbA' kahate haiN| yahA~ kula 72 pASANa kI mUrtiyAM hai, jisase kevala 9-10 zvetavarNa kI hai| isa mandira ke bAre meM zvetAmbaradigambaroM meM ugramatabheda rahA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki 13vIM zatAbdI ke aMta meM yaha gujarAta se lAI gii| kesariyA jI kI pratimA vizvavizruta mAnI gaI hai| nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha- yaha jasolagAMva se 5 kilomITara dUra sthita hai| isakA itihAsa purAnA hai| nagara kA prAcIna nAma 'mahevA' yA 'vIramapura' bhI milatA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha nagara IsA se 54 varSa para sthApita huA thA aura AcArya sthUlibhadra ne vIramapura meM candraprabhu kI ora nAkora nagara meM suvidhinAtha kI jina pratimAeM pratiSThita karavAI aura phira vIra nirvANa saMvat 281 meM samprati, vIra nirvANa saMvat 505 meM ujjena ke vikramAditya aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 532 (5 I) meM mAnatuMgasUri ne ina maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| 1158 I meM AcArya devasUri ne vIramapura va 1164 I meM nAkora meM jIrNoddhAra karavAkara pratiSThA krvaaii| isake pazcAt 852 I meM vIramapura nivAsI tAter3a gotrIya harakacandra ne jIrNoddhAra karavAkara mahAvIra svAmI kI pratiSThA kraaii| rAjasthAna ke bAhara bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke jainatIrthoM ke nirmANa aura pratiSThAe~ aura jIrNoddhAra Adi meM osavaMzIya zrAvakoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| 'takSazilAtIrtha' meM mAnadevasUri prabandha ke anusAra eka samaya yahA~ 500 maMdira the| zrI dhanezvarasUri kRta 'zatrujaya mahAtmya' ke anusAra takSazilA ke mahAjana zreSThi bhAvar3azAha ke putra jAvar3azAha ne vi.saM. 187 meM zatrujaya tIrtha kA uddhAra kiyA aura takSazilA se bhagavAna RSabha kI mUrti lejAkara vahA~ prasthApita kii| zajaya tIrtha jainoM ke prAcInatama tIrthoM meM eka hai| saMvat 477 meM AcArya dhanezvarasUri ke mahArAjA zilAditya ke samaya zatrujaya mahAtmya kiyaa| saM 1682 meM racita samayasundara upAdhyAya 1. History of Indian & Eastern Architecture, Part I, Page 240-242. 2. bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha, pR 106-126 3. vIra nirvANa smArikA, 1975, pR2-21 4. vahI, pR2-21 5. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama bhAga, pR. 280 For Private and Personal Use Only

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435 racita 'zatrujaya rAsa' ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yahA~ prathama samavazaraNa kiyaa| isa tIrtha kA caudahavAM uddhAra 'zatrujayarAsa ke anusAra vi.saM. 1273 meM zrImAla zreSThi vAhaNade muhaMte (muthA) ne kiyaa| tIrtha kA solahaka uddhAra rAsa ke anusAra saM 1587 meM karmazAha dozI ne kiyaa| saMvat 16 49 meM khambhAta ke zreSThi zAha tejapAla sonI ne tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| saMvat 1675 meM jAmanagara ke vardhamAna zAha aura padmasiMha zAha ne isa tIrtha para eka bhavya maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA aura 204 pratimAeM sthApita krvaaii| saMvat 1682 meM bhaMsAlI gotrIya thAharUzAha ne zatrujaya tIrtha meM gaNadharoM ke caraNa yugala prasthApita krvaae| isI taraha saMvat 1710 meM AgarA nivAsI kuhAr3a gotrIya zAha kizanacaMda kA lekha, saMvat 1987 kA ajamera ke lUNiyA gotrIya lekha osavAla zreSThiyoM ke dharmAnurAga kA bakhAna karate haiN|' pAvApurI kI vyavasthA 1000 varSoM se zvetAmbara osavAloM ke hAthoM meM hai| yahA~ bimba pratiSThA aura jIrNoddhAra kA dAyitva adhikatara ajImagaMja ke nolakhA parivAra aura suMcati parivAra ne nibAhA / campApurI samaya samaya para osavAla zreSThiyoM ne aneka mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA / saMvata 1725 meM murzidAbAda ke gehalar3A gotrIya zAha hIrAnaMda ne eka bhavya maMdira bnvaayaa| saMvat 1856 meM bIkAnera ke zreSThi koThArI jeThamala ne candraprabhu svAmI ne jinabimba kI pratiSThA jinacandra sUri ke hAthoM krvaaii| isI samaya golachA gotrIya osavAla zreSThi ne vAsupUjya svAmI kI bimba pratiSThA krvaaii| saMvat 1551 meM osavAla jAti ke siMghADiyA gotrIya zAha campA ne AdinAtha bhagavAna kI mUrti kI pratiSThA krvaaii| rAjagRha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke maMdira hai| saMvat 1412 ke eka zilAlekha meM osavAla zreSThi devarAja va baccharAja dvArA pArzvanAtha kA maMdira banAne kA ullekha hai| yahA~ sthAnakavAsI upAdhyAya zrI amaramuni kI preraNA meM 'vIrAyatana' saMsthA kI sthApanA huI, jisameM AcArya zrI candanA jI mukhya kAryavAhikA hai| pATalIputra, yaha tIrtha rAjA zremika ke pautra udayana (udaI) ne vikrama saMvat 444 varSa pUrva bsaayaa| yahA~ maMdira meM saM 1486 ke lekha meM dUgar3a gotrIya zAha udayasiMha kA ullekha hai| saMvat 1492 ke eka lekha meM kAMkariyA gotrIya zAha sohar3a aura unakI bhAryA hIrAdevI kA AdinAtha bhagavAna kI bimba pratiSThA kA ullekha hai| anya lekhoM meM gehalar3A gotrIya seTha mahatAbacaMda aura AgarA ke lor3hA gotrIya kuMvarapAla sonapAla kA ullekha hai|' madhuvanatIrtha - saMvata 1570 ke eka lekha meM osavaMzI surANA gotrIya sA. kezava ke pautra pRthvImala ne ajitanAtha bhagavAna kI bimba kI pratiSThA krvaaii| sambheda zikhara tIrtha - saMvat 1670 meM lor3hA gotrIya zreSThi kuMvarapAla sonapAla ne 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama bhAga, pR 281 2. vahI, pR282 3. vahI, pR283 4. vahI, pR304 5. vahI, pR305 6. vahI, pR305 7. vahI, pR 306 For Private and Personal Use Only

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436 vRhada saMgha kA Ayojana kiyaa| saMvat 1805 meM bAdazAha ahamadazAha ne samUcA pArasanAtha pahAr3a jagataseTha gehalar3A mahatAbarAya ko upahAra meM de diyaa| vartamAna meM pahAr3I kI 31 dehariyoM aura maMdiroM kI dekhabhAla ajImagaMja nivAsa dUgar3a gotrIya zrI bahAdura siMha dvArA kI jAtI hai|' prabhAsapATana- somanAtha maMdira se 400 mITara dUrI para isa maMdira meM candraprabha bhagavAna kA ati prAcIna maMdira hai| osavAla zreSThi pethar3azAha, sabharAzAha, rAjasI sadhavI ne saMgha samAyojana kara puNya kmaayaa| . bhadrezvara gaccha ke kinAre bhadrezvara grAma meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA prAcIna maMdira hai| saMvat 1682 meM upakeza vaMzIya lAlanagotrIya seTha vardhamAna zAha ne tIrtha kA uddhAra karavA kara mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThita krvaaii| anahilapATana gujarAta ke mehasANA kSetra meM sthita yaha nagara cAvar3A vaMza ke vanarAja ne vikrama saMvata 802 meM basAyA thaa| saMvata 1371 meM zatrujaya tIrtha ke uddhAraka osavAla zreSThi samarAzAha ne yahA~ ke maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa|' giranAra- yaha saurASTra pradeza kA prAcInatama tIrtha hai| yahA~ caudahavIM zatAbdI meM osavAla zreSThi samarasiMha sonI ne, satrahavIM zatAbdI meM vardhamAna zAha ne aura bIsavIM sadI ne osavAla zreSThi narasI kezavajI ne tIrthoM kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pazcima rAjasthAna ke aneka nagara aura grAma zvetAmbara paramparA ke prasiddha jaina tIrtha rahe haiN| ina tIrtha sthAnoM ke dvArA osavaMzI zrAvakoM ne jainamata ke dhArmika, AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke parirakSaNa meM apUrva yoga diyA hai| jaina zikSaNa saMsthAeM jainamata kI zvetAmbara paramparA kI zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke dvArA osavaMziyoM ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke sampreSaNa meM yoga diyA hai| __ zvetAmbara jaina mahAvidyAlayoM meM zrI jaina subodha mahAvidyAlaya jayapura, jaina kaoNleja bIkAnera, seThiyA vidyA maMdira sujAnagar3ha, pI.yU. kaoNleja phAlanA, jaina snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya bIkAnera, jaina TI.TI. kaoNleja alavara, je.bI.ena. vANijya mahAvidyAlaya rANAvAsa, prAjJa jaina mahAvidyAlaya, vijayanagara, vIra bAlikA mahAvidyAlaya jayapura aura javAhara vidyApITha grAmINa mahAvidyAlaya, kAnor3a Adi mukhya hai| ucca aura uccatara stara ke zvetAmbara jaina vidyAlaya byAvara, alavara, jayapura, bIkAnera, curU, sujAnagar3ha, osiyA, bhopAlagar3ha, lADanU, phAlanA, rAjAvAsa, varakANA, bhIlavAr3A, gulAbapurA, kAnor3a, choTI sAdar3I, rAnI, udayapura, aura jodhapura Adi meM hai| isake atirikta 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, prathama bhAga, pR307 2. vahI, pR284 3. vahI, pR285 4. vahI, pR289 For Private and Personal Use Only

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437 prAthamika aura ucca prAthamika stara kI lagabhaga tIna darjana saMsthAeM hai| lADanU meM 'jaina vizva bhAratI ne snAtaka aura snAtakottara stara para jaina vidyA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke dvArA naye kIrtimAna sthApita kiye haiN| jaina patrakAritA * zvetAmbara paramparA ke jaina patrakAritA ke dvArA bhIosavaMziyoM ne jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke sampreSaNa meM yoga diyA hai| rAjasthAna meM prAcInatama jainapatra 'jaina gajaTa' (1895 I) ajamera se prakAzita hotA thaa| 1923 I meM durgAprasAda ne ahiMsA pracArika, sAptAhika kA ajamera se prakAzana prArambha kiyaa| 1924 meM 'kAMphresa prakAza' ke rUpa meM bhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI kAMphreMsa ke mukha patra ke rUpa meM prakAzita huaa| 1925 meM AbUror3a se mAravAr3a jaina sudhAraka' kA prakAzana huA aura usI varSa ajamera se 'jaina jagata' kA prakAzana prArambha huaa| 1943 meM AcArya hastImalajI mahArAja kI preraNA se jainaratna vidyAlaya bhopAlagaDha meM 'jinavANI' kA prakAzana prArambha huaa| phira isakA prakAzana jodhapura se aura vigata kaI dazakoM se jayapura se anavarata rUpa meM ho rahA hai| sarvazrI campAlAla karNAvaTa, zAMticandra mehatA, cAMdamala karnAvaTa, pArasamala prasUna aura narendra bhAnAvata isake sampAdaka haiN| isake vartamAna sampAdaka DaoN. dharmacanda jaina haiN| jayapura meM DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata ne isako sAhityika svarUpa pradAna kiyA aura aneka avismaraNIya vizeSAMka isakI upalabdhiyAM rhii|' svAtaMtryottara bhArata meM prakAzita mukhya-mukhya zvetAmbara jaina sambandhI patra-patrikAoM kI sUcI prastuta haipatra-patrikAeM sthAna prArambhika varSa sampAdaka prakAzaka 1. jinavANI (mAsika) jayapura 1943 DA. dharmacaMda jaina 2. zAzvatadharma (mAsika) nivAher3A 1952 saubhAgyasiMha gokharU 3. osavAla 1954 mAnamala jaina 4. jainakalyANa (mAsika) 1954 sI.ela. koThArI 5. osavAla samAja (mAsika) 1964 mANaka coraDiyA 6. mahAtmA saMdeza (mAsika) cittor3agar3ha phatahacaMda mahAtmA 7. zreSThisamAja (traimAsika) ajamera 1967 mizrIlAla 8. taruNa jaina (sAptAhika) 1952 padamasiMha jaina 9. vIra loMkAzAha (sAptAhika) bilADA vijayamohana jaina 10. abhayasaMdeza bIkAnera 1955 bakhzI campAlAla jaina 11. marudhara kezarI (Ajakala baMda hai) jAlora 1956 12. jaina praharI (Ajakala baMda hai) jodhapura 1964 - jodhapura 1. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna, pR291 2. vahI, pR291 3. vahI, pR292 For Private and Personal Use Only

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438 13. ahiMsA (pAkSika) jayapura 1953 paM. indracaMdra zAstrI 14. sumati (pAkSika) cUrU 1556 sumeramala koThArI 15. zramaNopAsaka (pAkSika) bIkAnera 1963 jugarAja seThiyA (sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha kA mukhapatra, niyamita rUpa se prakAzita ho rahA hai) 16. zrI nAkor3A adhiSThAyaka bhairava bAlotara (pAkSika) 1964 - 17. vIravANI (pAkSika) jayapura - zrI bhaMvaralAla 18. dharmajyoti (mAsika) bhIlavAr3A 19. anusaMdhAna patrikA (traimAsika) lADanUM jaina vizva bhAratI (aba tulasI prajJA nAma se prakAzita hai) 20. zAMtajyoti jodhapura kamaleza caturvedI vijayasiMha koThArI 21. kathAloka dillI 22. vallabhasaMdeza (mAsika) jayapura rAmaratanakocara 23. vizvezvara mahAvIra (mAsika) jodhapura prakAza jaina bAMThiyA 24. baMdhusaMdeza pUnA caMcalamala loDhA osavaMzIya viziSTa puruSa evaM mahilAeM osavaMza ke puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne apane vyaktitva aura kRtitva se jainamata dvArA pratipAdita jIvanamUlyoM aura AdarzoM kI akhaNDa jyoti prajjvalita kI hai| osavaMza ke asaMkhya puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne kitanI hI zatAbdiyoM ke ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya ke pAMca mahAvratoM/aNuvratoM aura samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritrya ke triratna ke patha ke pAtheya banakara dharma ke dvArA mokSa ke sAdhaka aura sAdhikAeM bane hai| jainamata ne jo sAMskRtika mUlya pradAna kiye haiM, una sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA zatazata rUpoM meM saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, sampreSaNa aura sRjana osavaMza ke puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika rUpa meM kiyA hai| osavaMza ke narapuMgavoM aura zreSTha nAriyoM ne devapratimAoM kI pratiSThA karavAI, maMdiroM kA nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra karavAyA, unake nAma aba bhI ina abhilekhoM meM aMkita hai| prazAsana aura rAjanIti prazAsana aura rAjanIti meM bhI osavaMzI puruSoM ne apanI chApa chor3I aura mUlyaparaka rAjanItika aura mUlyaparaka prazAsana meM yoga diyaa| kSatriya aura rAjapUta yuddhavIra the, kintu kAlAMtara meM isa jAti ke aneka parivAroM ke osavaMzI hone para yahI yuddhavIra- dharmavIra, dAnavIra, dayAvIra aura karmavIra bana gye| vastuta: 'jainadharma ke anuyAyI vIroM aura narapuMgavoM ke bAhubala, kuzAgrabuddhi, viveka, kUTanItika, dUradarzitA evaM sarvasva nyauchAvara karane kI unakI tyAgamaya lAlasA ko itihAsa meM ucita aura prAmANika sthAna nahIM mila pAyA hai|' 'jaina matAvalambiyoM ke sainika aura rAjanItika yogadAna kI vipula sAmagrI sikkoM, tAmrapatroM, paTTekhAnoM, zilAlekhoM, kAvyagraMthoM, gItoM, vaMzAvaliyoM, khyAtoM, bAtoM tathA bhAToM kI 1. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna, pR 307 For Private and Personal Use Only

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439 bahiyoM meM vidyamAna hai, jisakA agara zodhaparaka aura taTastha dRSTi se mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA jAya to mevAr3a, jodhapura, bIkAnera aura anya rAjyoM ke itihAsa kI aneka lupta kar3iyAM jur3a sakatI haiN|" jainajAtiyoM meM osavaMziyoM meM mehatA, kAvar3iyA, siMghI-siMghavI, bhaNDArI, koThArI, bacchAvata, muhaNauta, lor3hA, bAphaNA, gAMdhI, beliyA, galUNDiyA, kocara mehatA, veda mehatA, kaTAriyA mehatA, rAkhecA aura samadar3iyA mehatA Adi pramukha haiN|'2 . mevAr3a rAjya meM jAlasI mehatA (14vIM zatAbdI) mevAr3a uddhAraka aura ananya svAmIbhakta the| jAlasI ke sahayoga se vi.saM. 1383 meM mevAr3a kA mahArANA banA aura svataMtratA prApti taka isI sisodiyA vaMza kA Adhipatya rhaa| kAvar3iyA bhAramala meM sainika yogyatA aura rAjanItika dUradarzitA thii| bhAmAzAha aura tArAcaMda bhAramala ke putra the| tArAcaMda kuzala sainika aura acchA prazAsaka thaa| kAvar3iyA bhAmAzAha kI dAnavIratA jagataprasiddha hai| raMgojI bolIyA ne mahArANA amarasiMha (vi.saM. 1653-76) meM mevAr3a mugala saMdhi meM pramukha bhUmikA nibhaaii| siMghavI dayAladAsa mahArANA rAjasiMha (vi.saM. 1709-37) kA pradhAna thA, jisane auraMgajeba ke sAtha yuddha meM bhAga liyaa| mehatA agaracaMda kI sevAeM mahArANA amarasiMha (dvitIya) (vi.saM. 1817-29) ke samaya meM advitIya thI, jisane mAdhavarAva siMdhiyA ke sAtha yuddha meM bhAga liyaa| mehatA mAladAsa mahArANA bhImasiMha (vi.saM. 1834-1885) ke zAsanakAla meM kuzala yoddhA, vIra senApati aura sAhasI purussthe| isake atirikta bhI aneka pradhAna hue aura, jaise navalakhA rAmadeva, boliyA nihAlacaMda, kAvar3iyA jIvAzAha, raMgojI boliyA, kAvar3iyA akSayarAma, boliyA motIrAma, boliyA ekaliMgarAja, gAMdhI somacaMda, gAMdhI satIdAsa, gAMdhI zivadAsa, mehatA devIcaMda, mehatA rAmasiMha, mehatA zerasiMha, mehatA gokulacaMda, koThArI kezarIsiMha, mehatA pannAlAla, mehatA balavaMtasiMha aura mehatA bhopAlasiMha aadi| kiledAra aura phojabakhzI meM mehatA jAlasI aura mehatA cIlajI aadi| rAva samarA aura unake putra narAbhaNDArI kA jodhapura rAjya meM vahI sthAna hai, jo mevAr3a meM jAlasI mehatA kA hai| rAva samarA tIna sau sainikoM ke sAtha lar3ate hue mArA gyaa| narA bhaNDArI ne rAva jodhA kA sAtha diyaa| ghamAsAna yuddha ke pazcAt vi.saM. 1510 meM jodhA kA maNDora para punaH adhikAra ho gyaa| isa yuddha meM narA bhaNDArI ne apUrva zaurya kA paricaya diyaa| narAbhaNDArI ne jodhapura nagara ke basAne meM yoga diyaa| jodhapura nagara ke basAne meM narA bhaNDArI kI sevAoM ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| muhaNota naiNasI (vi.saM. 1667) ne kaI yuddhoM meM bhAga liyaa| neNasI talavAra aura kalama donoM kA dhanI thaa| 'muhaMtA naiNasI rI khyAta' aura 'mAravAr3a rA paraganA rI vigata' muhaNauta neNasI ke prasiddha aitihAsika graMtha haiM / siMghI indararAja kA yogya yoddhA aura dUradarzI kUTanItijJa ke rUpa meM jodhapura rAjya ke itihAsa meM advitIya sthAna hai| isake atirikta dIvAnoM meM muhaNauta mahArAja jI, bhaNDArI nAthAjI, bhaNDArI adAjI, 1. jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna, pR 308 2. vahI, pR 308 3. ojhA, jodhapura rAjya kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga, 4 236 For Private and Personal Use Only

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440 bhaNDArI gorajI, bhaNDArIdhanojI, bhaNDArI lUNAjI, bhaNDArI mAnAjI, bhaNDArI hamIrajI, bhaNDArI rAyacaMdajI, kocara bhUyA belAnI, bhaNDArI IsaradAsajI, bhaNDArI bhAnAjI, bhaNDArI pRthvIrAjajI, bhaNDArI lUNAjI, siMghavI zAhamalajI, muhaNauta jayamalajI, siMghavI sukhamalajI, bhaNDArI rAyamalajI, siMghavI rAyamalajI, bhaNDArI tArAcanda nArAyaNota, muhaNauta naiNasI, bhaNDArI viThThaladAsajI, bhaNDArI khIMvasI jI, bhaNDArI raghunAthajI rAyacandota, bhaNDArI bhamAIdAsajI, samadar3iyA mUthA gokuladAsajI, bhaNDArI raghunAthasiMhajI, bhaNDArI amarasiMha jI, bhaNDArI amaracaMdajI, bhaNDArI giradharadAsajI, bhaNDArI manarUpajI, bhaNDArI sUratarAmajI, bhaNDArI daulatasiMhajI, bhaNDArI savAIrAmajI, siMghavI phatehacaMdajI, bhaNDArI narasiMhadAsajI, muhaNauta sUratarAmajI, siMghavI jJAnamalajI, bhaNDArI bhavAnIdAsajI, bhaNDArI zivacaMdajI, siMghavI navalarAjajI, muhaNota saradAramalajI, bhaNDArI gaMgArAmajI, muhaNauta jJAnamalajI, kocara mehatA sUrajamalajI, siMghI indararAjajI, siMghavI phataharAjajI, mehatA akhecaMdajI, mehatA lakSmIcaMdajI, siMghavI indramalajI, siMghavI gambhIramalajI, mehatA jasarUpajI, bhaNDArI lakhamIcaMdajI, siMghavI indramala jI, kocara budhamalajI, siMghavI sukharAmajI, bhaNDArI zivacaMda jI, mehatA mukundacaMdajI, rAva rAjamala lor3hA, mehatA vijayasiMhajI, mehatA vijayasiMhajI, mehatA gopAla lAla jI, lor3hA saradAramalajI aura mehatA saradArasiMhajI jodhapura rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| ___ jodhapura rAjya ke phojabakhzI meM sarvazrI muhaNauta sUratarAmajI, bhaNDArI daulatarAmajI, siMghavI bhaMvarAjI, siMghavI hindUmalajI, siMghavI akherAjajI, bhaNDArI zivacaMdajI, bhaNDArI bhavAnIrAmajI, siMghavI megharAjajI, bhaNDArI caturbhujajI, bhaNDArI agaracaMdajI, siMghavI phaujarAja jI, siMghavI devarAjajI, siMghavI samaratharAjajI, siMghavI karaNarAmajI, siMghavI kizanarAjajI aura siMghavI baccharAjajI rhe| bIkAnera rAjya kI sthApanA meM mehatA baccharAja kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rhaa| baccharAja kI cauthI pIr3hI meM mehatA karmacaMda bacchAvata kuzala prazAsaka hI nahIM, apUrva yoddhA bhI thaa| bIkAnera rAjya ke saMsthApakoM meM veda mehatA lakhaNaNI kA sAtavAM vaMzadhara veda mehatA mUlacaMda kA putra hindUmala mahArAjA sUratasiMha (vi.saM. 1844-85) aura ratnasiMha (vi.saM. 1885-1905) kAeka pratibhA sampanna aura dUradarzI prazAsaka thaa| bIkAnera ke dIvAnoM se sarvazrI baccharAja, mehatA lAvaNasI, mehatA karamasI bacchAvata, mehatA varasiMha bacchAvata, mehatA nagarAja bacchAvata, mehatA saMgrAma siMha bacchAvata, mehatA karmacaMda bacchAvata, veda mehatA. ThAkurasI, mehatA bhAgacaMda aura lakSmIcaMda, amaracaMda surANA, veda mehatA mahArAja hindUmala, mehatA kizanasiMha jI, rAkhecA mAnamalajI aura kocara mehatA zAhamalajI kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| kizanagar3ha rAjya meM muhaNauta rAyacandajI, muhaNota mehatA kRSNasiMha, mehatA AsakaraNa muhaNauta, mehatA, rAmacandra muhaNauta, mehatA haThIsiMha muhaNauta, muhaNauta hindUsiMha, mehatA jogIdAsa muhaNauta, mehatAcainasiMha muhaNauta, mehatA zivadAsa muhaNauta, mehatA karaNasiMha muhaNauta aura mehatA mokhamasiMha kI sevAeM dIvAna ke rUpa meM ullekhanIya rhii| For Private and Personal Use Only

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441 sirohI rAjya meM dIvAna ke rUpa meM siMghI zrIvaMtajI, siMghI zyAmajI, siMghI sundara jI, siMghI amarasiMha jI, siMghI hemarAja jI, siMghI kAnajI, siMghI pomAjI, siMghI jorajI, siMdhI kastUracaMdajI aura rAyabahAdura siMghI javAharacaMdajI kI sevAeM ullekhanIya rhii| isake atirikta sujAnamalajI bAMThiyA dIvAna ke pada para, jhAlAvAr3a meM surANA gaMgAprasAda jI phojabakhzI rahe aura bAMsavAr3A meM koThArI parivAra ke aneka sadasya dIvAna pada para rhe| jayapura rAjya meM adhikatara digambara pada para rhe| mAnakacaMda osavAla (saMvata 1906 -1912) aura nathamala golachA mAdhosiMhajI ke samaya meM dIvAna rhe| svAdhInatA sainAnI osavaMziyoM ne svAdhInatA saMgrAma meM mahatvapUrNa yoga diyaa| rAjasthAna ke svataMtratA saMgrAma ko dizA dene vAloM meM jodhapura rAjya ke zrI AnandarAja surANA kA nAma agragaNya mAnA jAtA hai| mevAr3a prajAmaNDala ke prathama adhyakSa mehatA balavaMtasiMha mehatA ne bhArata chor3o Andolana' meM bhAga liyA aura svAdhInatA ke pazcAt udyoga maMtrI ke pada para bhI rhe| zrI bhUrelAla bayAne namaka satyAgraha meM bhAga liyA, ArtharoDa aura yaravadA jela meM jela bhugatI, AdivAsiyoM aura kisAnoM ke satyAgrahoM ke sAtha racanAtmaka kAryakramoM meM bhAga liyaa| bhIlavAr3A ke umarAvasiMha DhAbariyA mevAr3a prajAmaNDala ke AndolanoM se sambaddha rahe / kuzalagar3ha ke DADamacanda doSI, jhabbAlAla kAvar3iyA, ucchavalAla mehatA, bherUlAla talesarA, kanhaiyAlAla mehatA, kizanalAla doSI aura sobhAgamala doSI Adi pramukha hai| koTA ke bAgamala bAMThiyA ne asahayoga Andolana meM bhAga liyaa| jayapura meM svAdhInatA AMdolana meM bhAga lene vAle osavaMziyoM meM zrI daulatamala bhaNDArI aura siddharAja DhaDhA kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / isake atirikta nathamala lor3hA, bhaMvaralAla botharA, ratanacaMda kAMsaTiyA Adi ne kRSNa maMdira kI yAtanAeM shii| jodhapura meM abhayamala jaina, mAnamala jaina, ugamarAja mohanota, amRta nAhaTA, gumAnamalalor3hA aura viradamala siMghavI ne AjAdI ke AndolanoM se sakriya bhAga liyaa| lADanUM ke campAlAla phUlaphagara, bilAr3A ke zrI pukharAja, phalaudI ke siMghI sampatalAla (lUMkar3a), saradAra zahara ke AMcaliyA nemIcaMda, sirohI ke dharmacanda surANA, dulIcaMda siMghI, rUparAja siMghI, zobhArAma siMghI, hajArImala jaina Adi mukhya rahe / pAlI jile meM sAdar3I ke phUlacaMda bAphanA, koTA ke rikhabacaMda dhADIvAla, bhIlavAr3A ke manoharasiMha mehatA, ajamera ke jItamala lUNiyA kI svAdhInatA Andolana kI sevAeM bhulAI nahIM jA sktii| bhIlavAr3A ke rozanalAla corar3iyA, ajamera kekAlUrAma lor3hA, amolakacanda surANA, vIrasiMha mehatA, udayapura ke hukamarAja jaina, jayapura ke zrI saradAramala golechA, sohanalAla lor3hA, pAlI ke tejarAja siMghavI, sirohI ke dhanarAja siMghI, jodhapura ke zrI suganacaMda bhaNDArI, RSabharAja jaina, pArasamala khiMvasarA, karor3Imala mehatA, sampamala lUMkar3a, pI.ema.lUMkar3a, indramala jaina aura rikhabarAja karNAvaTa Adi aneka svAdhInatA saMgrAma ke senAnI rhe| For Private and Personal Use Only

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442 19vIM zatAbdI meM kAzmIra meM osavaMza kI kIrtipatAkA phaharAne vAle mejara janarala vizanadAsa dUgar3a kA nAma itihAsa ke pannoM meM amara rhegaa|' svAtaMtryottara kAla meM prazAsanika kSetra meM osavaMzI prazAsakoM meM sarvazrI DA. mohanasiMha mehatA, satyaprasannasiMha bhaNDArI, gokulalAla mehatA, jagannAthasiMha mehatA, nArAyaNadAsa mehatA, devendrarAja mehatA, raNajItasiMha kumaTa, anila bordiyA, zrImatI otimA bordiyA, mIThalAla mehatA, jasavaMtasiMha siMghavI, pazupatinAtha bhaNDArI, bAbUlAla pAnagar3iyA, himmatasiMha galUNDiyA, himmatasiMha sarupUriyA, kanhaiyAlAla kocara, zrI arjunarAja bhaNDArI, padamacaMda siMghI, sampatarAja siMghI, savAI siMha siMghavI, harakarAja bhaNDArI, hIrAlAla siMghavI, candrarAja siMghavI, narapatasiMha bhaNDArI, ajItasiMha siMghavI aura mahendra surANA aura pulisa meM khulI jela kI dRSTi se arUNa dUgar3a aura AI. bI. ke sevAnivRtta mahAnidezaka sureza mehatA Adi ne apanI mUlyaparaka prazAsanika dRSTikoNase osavaMza ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi kii| sAhitya aura saMskRti ke kSetra meM aneka osavaMzI puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne osavaMza ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi kii| osavaMzI zreSThiyoM ne amUlya hastalikhita graMtha likhavAkara naSTa hotI sAMskRtika dharohara ko bcaayaa| jJAna bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA kI, sarasvatI bhaNDAra khole, maulika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| osavaMzIya sonI saMgrAmasiMha ne 'buddhisaMgrAma' (saMskRta) padya racanA kii| mahAkavi rayadhU saMghavI bhaTTAraka kamalakIrti (1506-1536) ke ziSya the| 'sAvaDa cariDa (zrAvaka caritra) ApakI pradhAnakRti mAnI jAtI hai / osavaMzIya mukIma gotra ke AgarA seTha hIrAcaMda ne 'adhyAtma bAvanI' kI racanA kI, gorA bAdala kI kathA ke racayitA osavAla jAti ke nAhara gotrIya sibulA grAma ke rahane vAle zreSThi dharamasI ke putra jaTamala the| kavi bhagavatI prasAda bhaiyA- osavAla jAti ke kaTAriyA gotrIya dazarathasAhU ke pautra aura lAlajI sAhU ke putra pratibhAzAlI AdhyAtmika kavi the| brahmavilAsa meM ApakI 67 kRtiyoM kA saMgraha hai|' isake atirikta bhaNDArI uttamacaMda (1857) kA alaMkAra Azaya', bhaNDArI udayacaMda kA 'sAhityasAra', hAjarAma osavAla kI 'sAdhu guNaratnamAlA' aura deva racanA, kumbhaTa vinayacaMda ke 'caubIsa stavana', jeThamala corDiyA kI jambUguNa ratnamAlA, sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI kI 'bhArata ke dezI rAjya', 'aMgrejI hindI koza' aura 'osavAla jAti kA itihAsa' mahatvapUrNa kRtiyAM hai| zrI pUraNacaMdra nAhara ke "jaina zilAlekha saMgraha' (pA~ca bhAga), becaradAsa DosI kA jaina sAhitya kA bRhata itihAsa', zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA kA 'bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha' zrI daulatasiMha lor3hA kA 'jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha', muni vinayasAgara kA pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, syAlakoTa ke bhAvar3A osavAla lAlA ThAkuradAsa kA 'ajJAna timira bhAskara', muni jJAnasundarajI (veda muhatA) kA jaina jAti mahodaya', osavaMzIya paramAnanda bhAI kApar3iyA kA 'pUrdUpaNa vyAkhyAnamAlA' saMghavI gotrIya paNDita 1. itihAsa kI amarabela- osavAla, dvitIya bhAga, pR425 2.vahI, bhAga 2, pR404 ? vahI. 9405 For Private and Personal Use Only

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443 sukhalAla kA "darzana aura cintana (tIna khaNDa) becaradAsa dosI kI 'vyAkhyAna mAlAeM', agaracaMda nAhaTA ke asaMkhya anusaMdhAna paraka lekha ke atirikta saradAra zahara ke kanhaiyAlAla seThiyA aura ajamera ke prakAza jaina (lor3hA) ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| tIna dazakoM taka zrI prakAza jaina 'lahara ke sampAdana ke dvArA hindI sAhityika patrakAritA ko nayA AyAma diyaa| inakA kAvyasaMgraha "antaryAtrA' jainamata para likhI kavitAeM hai| zrImatI manamohinI ne 'osavAla darzana : digdarzana meM pahalI bAra "osavAla kauna kyA?' (Whose who) pahalI bAra prastuta kiyaa| isa graMtha meM bhUmikA ke atirikta samasta sAmagrI juTAne kA zreya lor3hA kulabhUSaNa caMcalamala ko diyA jA sakatA hai| lor3hA caMcalamAlA ne isa deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka yAtrA karake athaka parizrama se eka eka vyakti kA paricaya prApta kara samasta osavAla jAti ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane kA prayatna kiyaa| zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI kI 'osavAla anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM' aura zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA kA "itihAsa kI amarabela' (do khaNDa) mahatvapUrNa kRtiyAM hai jisameM osavaMza ke udbhava aura vikAsa ko pUrI pratibaddhatA se mahimAmaNDita kiyA gayA hai| patrakAritA ke kSetra meM prakAzaka seTha kapUracaMda kuliza (koThArI) bhaMvara surANA, anila loDhA aura DaoN. mahendra madhupakI sevAeM bhI prazaMsanIya rahI hai| tIna dazakoM taka lahara' (sAhityika mAsika) ke prakAzana se zrI prakAza jaina ne hindI sAhityika patrakAritA ko nayA AyAma diyaa| zrI 'kuliza' kI rAjasthAna patrikA' patrakAritA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| prastuta graMtha ke lekhaka kI kRti "naitika zikSA: vividha AyAma' meM mUlyaparaka naitika zikSA kA saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika vivecana hai| yaha kRti jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM aura AcArazAstra ke prati pUrI taraha pratibaddha hai| anaginata osavaMzI lekhaka haiM, jinakI upalabdhiyAM sarAhanIya hai| bhArata kI sAMskRtika dharohara ke saMrakSaNa aura saMvardhana ke liye osavAla zreSThi bAbU bahAdurasiMha jI siMghI hamezA yAda kiye jaaeNge| jainamata ke prAcIna graMthoM ke zodha ke liye Apake hI kAraNa zAMti niketana meM siMghavI jaina vidyApITha hai|'' osavaMzIya zikSAviroM meM vizva vidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke pUrva adhyakSa DaoN. daulatasiMha koThArI, dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati DaoN. vIrendrarAja mehatA, usmAniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. govardhana mehatA aura jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrva kulapati pro. kalyANamala lor3hA ke nAma ullekhanIya hai| aneka osavaMzI puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne vidyAlayoM se lekara mahAvidyAlayoM aura vizvavidyAlayoM meM apanI ullekhanIya sevAoM ke dvArA mUlyaparaka zikSA ke dAyitva kA nirvAha kiyA hai| pUrva nidezaka kaoNleja zikSA rAjasthAna aura pUrva kulapati jaina vizvabharatI lADanU ke DA. mahAvIra rAja gelaDA ne ullekhanIya sevAeM pradAna kI hai| hindI ke adhyayana adhyApana ke kSetra meM sarvazrI pro. kalyANamala lor3hA, gaNapaticaMdra bhaNDArI, narapatacaMda siMghavI, mUlacaMda seThiyA aura svargIya DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata kI upalabdhiyAM sarAhanIya rahI hai| 1. itihAsa kI amarabela-osavAla, dvitIya bhAga, pR432 For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAjazAstra ke kSetra meM DaoN. narendra siMghI (sevAnivRtta) aura jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. ummedarAja nAhara kI upalabdhiyAM ullekhanIya hai| jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya meM to aneka viSayoM meM aneka osavaMzI AcArya padoM para pratiSThita rahe hai| isa saMdarbha meM sarvazrI DaoN. puSpendra surANA (samAjazAstra) DaoN. akSayamala bhaNDArI (rasAyanavijJAna) DaoN. ghADIvAla (bhautika vijJAna) DaoN. pI.sI. mohanota (sevAnivRtta, gaNita) DaoN. esa.Ara. bhaNDArI (sevAnivRtta, kAnUna) aura DaoN. suzIla lalavANI (vANijya) mukhya hai| jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya ke abhiyAMtrikI saMkAya meM aneka osavaMzI AcArya pada para pratiSThita rahe haiM, inameM mukhya haiM- DaoN. DI.sI. surANA (sevAnivRtta),pro. vI.ke. bhaMsAlI, DaoN. DI.esa. bhaNDArI, DaoN. suzIla bhaNDArI, pro. ema.sI. seThiyA, pro. esa.ela. surANA, pro. DI.ema. surANA aura abhiyAMtrikI mahAvidyAlaya koTA ke pro. nareza bhaNDArI aadi| osavaMza meM dAnavIroM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai| bhAmAzAha kAvar3iyA ne jisa paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA, use osavaMzI dAnavIroM ne akSuNNa rakhA hai| osavaMziyoM ne rugNa mAnavatA kI sevA ke liye kitanA dAna kiyA, dharma aura zikSA ke liye kitanA dAna kiyA, isakI thAha pAnA kaThina hai| koTyAdhipati osavAla zreSThi premacaMda rAyacaMda gAMdhI jI ke TrasTIziva siddhAnta ke mAnane vAle the| 'gujarAta ke osavaMziyoM meM ApakI gAthA advitIya hai|'' osavaMzI lor3hA gotrIya yazarUpamala ne nAkaur3A mahAvidyAlaya, jodhapura aura jodhapura meM hI zavavAhana ke dvArA dAna kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai| osavaMziyoM ne kitanA dAna kiyA, yaha anusaMdhAna kA viSaya hai| isa graMtha kI sImA meM ise Abaddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nyAya ke kSetra meM mukhya nyAyAdhipati cAMdamala lor3hA (sevAnivRtta) aura zrI gumAnamala lor3hA (sevAnivRtta) ke atirikta nyAyavidoM meM zrI raNajIta siMha bacchAvata (sevAnivRtta), zrI kRSNamala lor3hA (sevAnivRtta), zrI kizorasiMha lor3hA (sevAnivRtta), zrI jasarAja copar3A, zrI rAjeza vAliyA, zrI rAjendra lor3hA (bambaI ucca nyAyAlaya) zrI siMghavI (paMjAba ucca nyAyAlaya) ke nAma mahatvapUrNa hai jinhoMne nyAya ke kSetra meM mUlya AdhArita nyAya kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI hai| __ kAnUnavidoM meM to osavaMziyoM kA varcasva rahA hai| saMvidhAna vizeSajJa DaoN. lakSmImalla siMghavI ko kauna bhUla sakatA hai ! rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya meM osavaMzI kAnUnavidoM kI bharamAra cikitsA ke kSetra meM DA. zItala rAja mehatA (cikitsaka) DA. sUrajamala dUgar3a (vidhi vijJAna aura nidAna vijJAna), DA. sukhadeva loDhA (zalya jJAna), DA. ajItamala siMghavI (zalyacikitsA) DA. ela.ema. siMghavI (cikitsA) DA. jagadIza mehatA (zalya cikitsA), DA. aruNa bordiyA (hRdayaroga) narendra bhaNDArI (mUlarogavijJAna) aura DA. narapatamala siMghavI (cikitsA) kI sevAeM ullekhanIya rahI hai| osavaMzIabhiyAMtrikoM meM sarva zrI sAyaramala dUgar3a, rameza bhaNDArI, sUrajarAja mehatA, 1. itihAsa kI amarabela, osavAla, dvitIya bhAga, pR423 For Private and Personal Use Only

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445 muralI manohara siMghavI, bhUracaMda jaina aura daulatamala siMghavI Adi ne apanI ullekhanIya sevAeM pradAna kI hai| osavaMzI cArTarita lekhApAloM meM sarva zrI ajIta siMha bhaNDArI, yazarUpamala loDhA, surendrasiMha bhaNDArI, mahendra dUgar3a, bI.sI. chAjer3a, cainarAja mehatA, pI.sI. chAjer3a aura sajjanamala dUgar3a Adi kI sevAeM ullekhanIya hai| sevA ke kSetra meM 'sebI' ke adhyakSa zrI devendra rAja mehatA ne 'mahAvIra vikalAMga' ke jayapura phuTa ke dvArA sevA ke itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3A hai| kalA ke kSetra meM labdha pratiSThita citrakAra indra dUgar3a ne rAjagRha ke prAkRtika aura AdhyAtmika saundarya ko apane citroM meM ukerA hai| jodhapura nivAsI pArasa bhaMsAlI ne bhI kalAtmaka citroM kI dRSTi se khyAti arjita kI hai| osavaMzIya nArIratnoM meM mahAsatI saradArA jI (koThArI), mahAsatI gulAbAMjI (baiMgAnI), bhUrasundarI jI (rAMkA), pravartinI sAdhvI devazrI jI (bhAbhU) mahattarA sAdhvI mRgAvatI jI (saMghavI), pravartinI puNyazrI jI (pArakha), pravartinI sAdhvI vicakSaNA jI (mUthA) caMdanA jI (kaTAriyA) aura bilamakaMvarajI (lor3hA) Adi aneka sAdhviyoM ne jainamata kI jyoti prajjvalita kI hai| osavaMza kI aneka nArI ratnoM ne AjAdI ke AndolanoM meM bhAga liyA, jisameM mukhya hai kalakattA kI zrImatI govindI devI paTavA, sUrata kI puSpAdevI koTecA, nAgapura kI zrImatI sarasvatI devI rAMkA, ajamera kI saradArabAI lUNiyA aura nAgapura kI zrImatI dhanavatI bAI rAMkA aadi| sevA ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa osavaMzI nArI ratnoM meM pUnA kI nandUbAI osavAla, koTA kI prasannakumArI aura jodhapura kI zrImatI suzIlA boharA Adi mukhya haiN| nArI ratnoM meM hIrAkumArI botharA ne bhASAzAstra aura darzana meM niSNAta hokara jainazAstroM kAadhyayana kiyA aura AcarAMgasUtra kA baMgalA meM anuvAda kiyA; zrI kamaladevI dUgar3a osavAla samAja kI prathama mahilA DAkTara banI; cikitsA vijJAna meM perAsAiTolojI para pI.eca.DI. karake jodhapura kI zrImatI DaoN. aruNA siMghavI ne antarrASTrIya khyAti arjita kI; jodhapura kI DaoN. kiraNa kuceriyA mAnavIya manokozAnuvAMzikI kI prabhArI adhikArI aura akhila bhAratIya AyurvijJAna saMsthAna meM esosiyaTa prophesara hai aura zodha vaijJAnika kAMti jaina aMtarrASTrIya khyAtiprApta zodha vaijJAnika hai, jo Ajakala kalyANa sevA TrasTa jodhapura kI pramukha saMcAlikA hai| isake atirikta zrImatI kamalA siMghavI (lekhikA), zrImatI vimalA mehatA (lekhikA) zrImatI reNukA pAmecA (nArI jAgRti), zrImatI zazi mehatA (saMvAdadAtA), kumArI prabhAzAha (citrakAra), zrImatI mamatA DAkaliyA (lokagItakAra), zrImatI prIti lor3hA (saMgIta), sarayU DosI (sUkSma citrAMkana kalA kI vizeSajJa) aura mallikA sArAbhAI (nRtya aura nATya) ke atirikta anekAneka nArI ratna haiM, jinhoMne zreyaskara mUlyoM kI prasthApanA kI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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446 jainamata aura osavaMzaH sAMskRtika saMdarbha __ jainamata aura osavaMza ke bIca sAMskRtika setu hai| jainamata ne jina jina sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kI saMsthApanA kI, unake saMrakSaNa (conservation), saMvardhana (growth), sampreSaNa (communication) aura sRjana (creation) meM osavaMza ne jaina sAhitya aura jaina graMthAgAra, jainakalA citrakalA, mUrtikalA, vAstukalA aura jainatIrthoM dvArA yoga diyaa| osavaMzI puruSoM aura mahilAoM ne jainamata dvArA pratipAdita sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye unake saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, sampreSaNa aura sRjana meM yoga diyaa| jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM ke saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, sampreSaNa aura sRjana ke kAraNa osavaMza ko jainamata kI sAMskRtika prayogazAlA (Cultural Laboratory) kahA jA sakatA aMta meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainamata aura osavaMza ke bIca sAMskRtika setu hai aura yaha bhI kahanA ucita hI hai ki osavaMza jainamata ke sAMskRtika pratimAnoM kA kevala pratirUpa (Replica) na hokara sAra, nicor3a aura AdarzAtmaka pratIka (ideelized epitome) hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sahAyaka pustakeM (ka) hindI 6. manusmRti 7. zatapatha brAhmaNa 8. Rgveda 9. 1. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya . 2. bhAratIya samAja, saMskRti aura saMsthAeM 3. AryoM kA Adi deza 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa 5. bhAratIya AryabhASA aura hindI atharvaveda jAti bhAskara 19. rAjasthAna kA itihAsa 20. osavAla: darzana: digdarzana www.kobatirth.org 21. hindU sabhyatA 22. mahApurANa pariziSTa 10. 11. taitirIya brAhmaNa 12. osavAla vaMza: anusaMdhAna ke Aloka meM zrI sohanarAja bhaMsAlI 13. rAjapUta vaMzAvalI ThAkura IzvarasiMha maDADha 14. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa karnala TADa 15. rAjasthAna kA itihAsa DA. gopInAtha zarmA 16. brahmavaivarta purANa 17. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa 18. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa 23. mahAbhArata 24. zivapurANa 25. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa 26. 27. 28. 29. zrI madbhAgavata purANa vahI vahI vahI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara DA. rAmanAtha zarmA aura rAjendra zarmA. DA. sampUrNAnanda DA. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI DA. sunIti kumAra caTarjI zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA zrI jagadIza siMha gahalota zrI bI. ema. divAkara (zrImatI) manamohinI DA. rAdhAkumuda mukharjI daMtaci prathama khaNDa dvitIya khaNDa vahI tRtIya khaNDa vahI caturthakhaNDa vahI AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. For Private and Personal Use Only 447

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448 AcArya jinadAsa gaNi mahattara saM. devendra muni pAtaMjali yativRSabha zIlAkAcArya hemacaMdrAcArya yuvAcArya mahAprajJa DA. jyotiprasAda 30. Avazyaka cUrNi 31. kalpasUtra 32. mahAbhASya 33. zvetAzvara upaniSad 34. tiloyapaNNati 35. caupanna mahApurisaMcarita 36. triSaSTi zalAkA purisa carita 37. yajurveda brAhmaNa 38. aitareya brAhmaNa 39. jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 40. bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi 41. AcarAMga sUtra 42. sUtrakRtAMga 43. uttara purANa 44. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 45. vRhatakathAkoza 46. samaNasutaM 47. jambU prajJapti sUtra 48. maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa 49. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-1 50. vahI bhAga-2 51. vahI bhAga-3 52. darzanasAra 53. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 10 54. bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza 55. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 56. bhagavatI sUtra 57. nandi sthirAvalI 58. himavaMta sthirAvalI 59. merUtuMga therAvAlI 60. jaina dharma kA itihAsa 61. rAjataraMgiNI 62. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya AcArya guNabhadra saM. ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja hariSeNa AcArya saM. vinobA bhAva DA. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra zrI pUrNacandra nAhara vahI vahI AcArya devasena DA. vAsudeva agravAla paM. vizvezvaranAtha reU muni kalyANa vijaya saM. muni jJAnasundara jI mahArAja muni suzIla kumAra kalhaNa jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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sUrya muni 449 63. kathAkoza muni jinavijaya 64. sambodhi prakaraNa AcArya haribhadrasUri 65. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka bhAga 1 dharmasAgara gAya racita 66. vahI bhAga 2 vahI 67. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI bhAga 1 dharmasAgara gaNi 68. paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha saM. AcArya hastImala jI ma.sA. 69. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jainadharma DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina 70. jaina pratimA lekha saMgraha daulata siMha loDhA 71. prAcIna lekha saMgraha muni jinavijaya 72. arbudAcala pradikSaNA lekha saMdoha 73. lokAzAha kaMjIvana prabhuvIra paTTAvalI muni kAMtivijaya 74. zrImad dharmadAsa jI mahArAja aura ___ unakI mAlava ziSya paramparAeM 75. AcArya caritAvalI AcArya hastImalajI ma.sA. 76. zrI tapAgaccha zramaNa vaMzavRkSa zrI jayantIlAla choTelAlazAha 77. itihAsa kI amarabela- osavAla prathamakhaNDa zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtor3iyA 78. vahI dvitIya khaNDa 79. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa prathama khaNDa muni jJAna sundara jI ma. 80. vahI dvitIya khaNDa 81. jaina jAti mahodaya 82. upakezagaccha paTTAvalI 83. upakezagaccha caritra 84. osavAla jAti kA itihAsa zrI sukhasampatarAja bhaNDArI 85. mAravAr3a ke paraganoM kI vigata muhaNauta naiNasI 86. rAjasthAna kI jaina jAtiyoM kI khoja 87. bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha zrI agaracaMda aura zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 88. hindI bhASA DA. bholAnAtha tivArI 89. himavaMta sthirAvalI 90. prabhAvaka caritra prabandha paryAyalocana muni kalyANa vijaya 91. varNa, jAti, dharma siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacaMda zAstrI 92. tatvArtha sUtra umAsvAti 93. mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI upAdhyAya zrI rAmalAlajI For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI sUryamala mizraNa DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI rAyakRSNadAsa zrI hIrAlAla jaina AcArya jinasena tripuTi mahArAja zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA zrI gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA 450 94. kalpasUtra kI kalpadruma kalikA kI TIkA kI sthirAvalI 95. zrImadbhAgavata gItA 96. vIra satasaI 97. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRtiyAM 98. bhAratIya citrakalA 99. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna 100. AdipurANa 101. jaina sAhitya no itihAsa 102. DUMgarapura rAjya 103. jaina tIrtha gAiDa 104. bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha 105. jodhapura rAjya kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga 106. brahmavaivartapurANa 107. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha 108. bhadrabAhu carita 109. nAbhinandana jinoddhAra 110. AcarAMga cayanikA 111. vividha tIrthakAla 112. padmapurANa 113. varAMgacarita 114. zizupAla vadha 115. paramAra vaMza 116. solaMkiyoM kA prAcIna itihAsa, 117. matsya purANa 118. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa (kha) aMgrejI 1. Vedic Age 2. Religions of India 3. Castes in India 4. An Introduction to Social Anthropology muni vinayasAgara digambara ratnaMdI zrI kamalacaMda sogAnI zrI jinaprabhasUri mAgha DA. jagadIzasiMha gahalota gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA Prof. Hopkins Emile Senart D.N. Majumdar & T.N. Madan For Private and Personal Use Only

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5. Elements of Sociology 6. History of Caste in India 7. Social Organisation 8. Sociology 9. Sociology 10. Races & Castes of India 11. Castes in India 12. People of India 13. Hindu Trides & Castes 14. Caste & Democracy 15. Origin of Rajputs 16. Studies in Rajput History 16. Collected works of Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar 17. Political History of Ancient India 18. The Sacred Books of the East 19. Oxford History of India 20. History of India Part IX 21. Encyclopaedia, Ethics & Religion 22. House of Jainism 23. History of Indian Literature 24. An outline of Religion & Literature 25. Indian Antiquary Part 18 26. Part 21 27. History of Indian Literature Part II 28. Jainism in Early Mediveal 32. Jain Inscription of Rajasthan. 33. Heart of Jainism Martiadale & Monachesi Ketkar C.H. Cooley Green Maclver & Page D.N. Majumdar J.H. Majumdar Gilbert Sherring K.M. Pannikav G.N. Sharma Dr. Kanungo Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Dr. R. Chaudhary Dr. H. Yakobi Dr. V. Smith Dr. Vincent Smith Mrs. Stevension Winternitze J.N. Farguhar Dr. Webar Ibid 29. Jain Sects & Schools 30. Annual Report of Rajasthan Museum 31. Jainism in Rajasthan Ram Bhushan Prasad Karnataka Singh 34. Archeological Survey of India 35. Rajasthan through the Ages 36. History of Indian & Eastern Achitecture 37. Archeological Survey, western Circle. 38. Gayakwad Oriental Series Dr. Dashrath Sharma 39. Epigraphica India 40. Indian Cities & Towns of Rajasthan. 41. Vedic Index Part I 42. Ibid, Part II For Private and Personal Use Only 451

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 452 43. The Uttaradhyan Sutras 44. Indian Sects of Jains. 45. Study of Jainism 46. The Gurjar Pratihar 47. History of Kanauj www.kobatirth.org 48. Early History of India, Part III 49. Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan 50. Jain Inscriptions (ga) patra-patrikAeM (*) Journals (English) T.G. Kalaghati B.N. Puri R.S. Tripathi Dr. Smith Col. Tod. P.C. Nahar 1. Ajakala, mArca, 1962 2. jinavANI, AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. zraddhAMjali vizeSAMka 3. jinavANI, AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. vyaktivva evaM kRtitva vizeSAMka 4. zramaNa (mAsika) agasta 1952 5. jinavANI, agasta 96, samyagdarzana vizeSAMka 6. vIra nirvANa smArikA, 1975 7. baMdhu saMdeza Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. Journal of Bihar Orrisa Research Society. 2. Jain Journal, Mahavir Jayanti Special, April, 69 3. Indian Historical Quarter, 1959 (Paper of Dr. Dashrath Sharma on Ranthambore & Bhoj) For Private and Personal Use Only

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DaoN. mahAvIramala lor3hA - ema.e. hindI (rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya), ema.eDa. (karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya) aura pI eca. DI. (jodhapura vishvvidyaaly)| vigata cAra dazakoM se vidhAlaya stara se lekara mahAvidyAlaya meM snAtakottara stara kaa| adhyayana-adhyApana aura anusaMdhAna kArya se jur3e rahe haiN| rAjakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zrI gaMgAnagara se prAdhyApaka (hindI vibhAga) pada se sevAnivRti ke samaya taka esa.esa.jI. pArIka mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, (4) garya kara cuke haiN| Serving Jin Shasan gyanmandingkobatirth.org inake zodhaprabandha 'hiTa 133690 vivecana' ne upanyAsa viSayaka zodha ko nayI dizA pradAna paymskobatirth.org hI graMtha akAdamI, jayapura dvArA prakAzita 'naitika zikSAH vividha AyAma' naitika zikSA ke kSetra meM eka mahatvapUrNa aura sArthaka dastAveja hai| zodhanidezaka ke rUpa meM aneka laghuzodha prabandhoM ke atirikta 'hindI ke manovizleSaNAtmaka upanyAsa aura unakI zilpavidhi' kA saphala nirdezana / vArtAkAra ke rUpa meM AkAzavANI sUratagar3ha se sAmayika, zaikSika orasAhityika viSayoM para aneka vArtAeM prasArita / For Private and Personal Use Only