Buddha aur Mahavir

Author(s): Kishorlal Mashruvala, Jamnalal Jain
Publisher: Bharat Jain Mahamandal
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010086/1

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vIra sevA mandira dillI 854 284:2 mathara khaNDa

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buddha aura mahAvIra tathA do bhASaNa lekhaka kizoralAla gha0 mazarUvAlA anuvAdaka jamanAlAla jaina mArata jaina mahA maNDala, va dhA

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sa. rAjendra-smRti granthamAlA -3 maI 1950 : prathama saMskaraNa : prati 2000 mUlya eka rupayA sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAcIna mUlacandra bar3ajAte, sahAyaka-matrI sumana vAtsyAyana, rAmASA peTa hindInagara, pI mAthA kSetra mahAmadhalA, varSA

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zrI0 dharmAnandajI kosambI tathA paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI ko savinaya arpita

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anukramaNikA anuvAdaka kI orase prastAvanA : lekhaka mahAminiSkramaNa tapazcaryA kr'aar' upadeza bauddha zikSApada kucha prasaMga aura nirvANa TippaNiyAM mahAvIra sAdhanA upadeza uttara kAla TippaNiyAM buddha-mahAvIra (samAlocanA) samAlocanA bhASaNa ahiMsAke nae pahAr3e mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma

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anuvAdaka kI ora se jI, anuvAdaka kA kAma bahuta kaThina hai| para preraNA, utsAha aura sahayoga milane para kaThina aura jaTila kAma bhI sahala bana bhAte haiN| yaha merA, mAnatA hU~ ki, pahalA prayAsa hai, ise sAhasa hI kaha sakatA huuN| kitanA saphala huA, yaha batAnA merA kAma nahIM / maiMne apanI priya bhASA hindI kA bhI koI vyavasthita adhyayana nahIM kiyaa| gujarAtI Adi mASAoM kA to karatA hI kahA~ se| phira bhI pUjya riSabhadAsajI rAMkA ne yaha pustaka hAtha meM thamA hI dii| par3hA, to Ananda Ane lagA / yaha svAbhAvika mI thaa| zraddheya mazarUvAlAjI kI saMyata, vivekapUrNa vicAra-maraNI se vicAraka-varga suparicita hai| buddha aura mahAvIra para likhI gaI isa pustaka ne mujhe vizeSa rUpa se AkarSita kara liyaa| jo ho, zrI. saMkAjI kI preraNA se hI aba yaha pustaka hindI meM pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM pahu~ca rahI hai|

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'vaina bhAratA' mAsika patrikA meM 'mahAvIra' aMza kA.anuvAda prakAzita huA thA mujhe usase bahuta sahAyatA milI hai| phira bhI apanI kaci ke anusAra bhASA sambandhI sazodhana karanA mujhe Avazyaka pratIta huaa| aura phira to svaya mazarUvAlAjI ne bhI use dekha liyA hai| buddha maMza unhoMne nahIM dekhA hai| unake paryaSaNa aura mahAvIra-jayaMtI para die gae do bhASaNa bhI jor3anA Avazyaka pratIta huaa| kAraNa 'buddha aura mahAvIra' meM mahAvIra para, aisA lagA ki jo likhA gayA hai, vaha adhUga-sA hai. isalie yadi ye do bhASana aura jor3a die jAyeM to mahAvIra ko samajhane ke lie,pAThakoM ko kucha aura bhI sAmagrI mila jAyagI / para yaha bhASaNoM ke aMza saba pAThakoM ko par3hane ko nahIM mileNge| jaina jagata ke grAhakoM ko bheMTa kI bAnevAlI pratiyoM meM ye bhASaNa nahIM rheNge| jaina jagata ne sau pRSTha dene kA saMkalpa kiyA thA aura vaha ina bhASaNoM ke binA pUrNa ho jAte haiM / pAThaka hamArI vivazatA ko kSamA kreN| 'ahiMsA ke nae pahAr3e' sarvodaya se liyA gayA hai aura 'mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma' ke anuvAda ko svayaM mazarUbAlAjI ne dekha liyA hai| donoM bhASaNa hamArI sAmAjika jIvanacaryA para mArmika prakAza DAlate haiN| hama samajhate haiM ki ye bhASaNa sAmAjika pravRttiyoM aura dhArmika tattvoMke vartamAna vaiSamya ko batAkara hamArA ucita mArgadarzana kara sakate hai|

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pustaka kI chapAI kI kahAnI karaNa hai| hama khabita hai ki pustaka ucita samaya para pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM nahIM dI jA skii| eka presa, dUsare presa aura tIsare presa isa taraha pustaka ghUmatA hI rahI / hama rASTrabhASA presa ke vyavasthApaka ke AmArI hai ki pustaka unoMne chApakara dii| madeva mazarUbAlAjI ke hama vizeSa kRtajJa haiM ki unhoMne pustaka ke prakAzana kI anumati pradAna kI aura svAsthya ThIka na hote hue bhI tathA atyanta kArya-vyasta hote hue bhI anuvAda Adi ko dekhane kA kaSTa utthaayaa| unakA AzIrvAda isI taraha hamezA milatA rahe, yahI hamArI abhilASA pustaka bhArata jaina mahAmaMDala ke antargata 'sva. rAjendra smRti graMtha. mAlA' kI ora se prakAzita kI jA rahI hai| yaha graMtha-mAlA pU. riSamadAsa mI rAMkA ke sva. putra rAjendrakumAra ko smRti meM cala rahI hai| yaha pustaka umakA tIsarA aura cauthA puSpa hai| pustaka kA prakAzana isI radhikoNa se kiyA gayA hai ki eka rASTrIya vicAraka vyakti ke hRdaya meM dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke prati jo vicAra hai unase hindI pAlaka paricita ho ske| hama nahIM bAnate pustaka meM pratipAdita vicAroM kA paraMparA aura rUr3hi-priya samAja meM kitanA svAgata hogaa| hama itanA ho anurodha kara sakate hai ki pustaka kA avalokana sadbhAvanApUrvaka kiyA jaay|

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(4) prakAzaka kA mAmAra mAnanA dUsare zabdoM meM apane muMha se apanI hI prazaMsA karane-jaisA hai| hAM, unakA itara avazya hU~ jinase misa pustaka ke.par3hane, anuvAda karane, chapAne Adi ke bahAne apane vikAsa ke mArga meM mune preraNA aura sahAyatA milI hai| 'jaina bagata kAryAlaya, varSA / bhAga paMcamI, vIra saM0 2446 22:55. -jamanAlAla jaina

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prastAvanA $79664 hama hindU mAnate haiM ki jaba pRthvI para se dharma kA lopa ho jAtA hai, adharma bar3ha jAtA hai, asuroM ke upadrava se samAja pIr3ita hotA hai, sAdhutA kA tiraskAra hotA hai, nirbala kA rakSaNa nahIM hotA, taba paramAtmA ke avatAra prakaTa hote haiN| lekina avatAra kisa taraha prakaTa hote haiM ? prakaTa hone para unheM kina lakSaNoM se pahacAnA jAya aura pahacAna kara athavA unakI bhakti kara apane jIvana meM kaise parivartana kiyA jAya, yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai| savatra eka paramAtmA kI hai| hama saba meM eka hI prabhu se saba kI halana calana hotI hai| zakti sattA hI kArya kara rahI vyApta hai / usI kI zakti rAma, kRSNa, buddha, IsA yAdi meM bhI isI paramAtmA kI zakti thI / taba hamameM aura rAmakRSNAdi meM bhI isI paramAtmA kI zakti thii| taba hamameM aura rAmakRSNAdi meM kyA antara hai ? ve bhI hama jaise hI manuSya dikhAI dete the; unheM bhI hama jaise duHkha sahana karane par3e the aura puruSArtha karanA paDA thA; isa lie hama unheM avatAra kisa taraha kaheM ? hajAroM varSa bItane para aba hama kyoM unakI pUjA kareM ? (er)

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"mAtmA satya-kAma satya-saMkalpa hai" yaha veda-vAkya hai| hama jo dhAraNa kareM, icchA kareM, vaha prApta kara sake, yaha isakA artha hotA hai| jisa zakti ke kAraNa apanI kAmanAe~ siddha hotI hai use hI hama paramAtmA, paramezvara, brahma kahate haiN| jAna-anajAna meM bhI isI paramAtmA kI zakti kA avalaMbana-zaraNa lekara hI hamane bAja kI sthiti prApta kI hai aura bhaviSya kI sthiti bhI zakti kA avalaMbana lekara prApta kreNge| rAmakRSNa ne isI zakti kA avalaMbana lekara pUjA ke yogya pada ko prApta kiyA thA aura bAda meM bhI manuSya jAti meM jo pUjA ke pAtra hoMge, ve bhI isI zakti kA avalaMbana lekara hii| hamameM aura unameM itanA hI antara hai ki hama mUr3hatApUrvaka, ajJAnatApUrvaka isa zakti kA upayoga karate haiM aura unhoMne buddhipUrvaka usakA bAlaMbana kiyA hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki hama apanI kSudra vAsanAoMko tRpta karane meM paramAtma-zakti kA upayoga karate haiN| mahApuruSa kI AkAkyAe~, unake bAzaya mahAn aura udAra hote haiN| unhIMke lie ve bhAsma-bala kA Azraya lete haiN| tIsarA antara yaha hai ki sAmAnya jana-samAja mahApuruSoM ke dhacanoM kA anusaraNa karanevAlA aura unake Azraya se tathA unake prati zraddhA se apanA uddhAra mAnanevAlA hotA hai| prAcIna zAstra hI unake AdhAra hote haiN| mahApuruSa kevala zAstroM kA anusaraNa karane ghAle hI nahIM; ve zAstroM kI racanA karanevAle aura badalanevAle bhI

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(i) hote haiN| unake bacana hI zAstra hote haiM aura unakA AcaraNa ho dUsaroM ke lie dIpa-zaMbha ke samAma hotA | unhoMne paramatatva jAna liyA hai, unhoMne apanA aMtaHkaraNa zuddha kiyA hai| aise sajJAna, savibeka aura zuddha citta ko jo vicAra sUjhate haiM, jo AcaraNa yogya lagatA hai vahI sat-zAstra, vahI saddharma hai| dUsare koI bhI zAstra unheM bA~dha nahIM sakate athavA unake nirNaya meM antara nahIM DAla sakate / apane AzayoM ko udAra banAne para, apanI AkAMkSAoM ko ucca banAne para aura prabhu kI zakti kA jJAnapUrvaka avalaMbana lene para hama aura avatAra gine jAnevAle puruSa tasvataH bhinna nahIM rahate / bijalI kI zakti ghara meM lagI huI hai; usakA upayoga hama eka kSudra ghaMTI bajAne meM kara sakate haiM, aura vaha bar3e-bar3e dIpoMkI paMkti se sAre ghara ko prakAzita bhI kara sakatI haiN| isI prakAra paramatattva hamAre pratyeka ke hRdaya meM virAja rahA hai, usakI sattA se hama eka kSudra vAsanA kI tRpti kara sakate haiM athavA mahAn aura caritravAn bana saMsAra se tira sakate haiM aura dUsaroM ko tArane meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| mahApuruSa apanI raga-raga meM paramAtmA ke baka kA anubhava karate hue pavitra hone, parAkramI hone, para-duHkha-bhaMjaka hone kI AkAMkSA rakhate haiN| unhoMne isa baka dvArA sukha-duHkha se pare karuNahRdaya, vairAgyavAna, jJAnavAna aura prANi- mAtra ke mitra hone kI

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icchA kii| svArtha-tyAga se, indriya-jaya se,mano-saMyama se, citako pavitratA se, karuNA ko atizayatA se, prANi-mAtra ke prati atyaMta prema se dUsaroM ke duHkhoM kA nAza karane meM apanI sArI zakti arpaNa karaneke lie niraMtara tatparatA se, apanI atyaMta kartavyaparAyaNatA se, niSkAmatA se, anAsakti se bora nirahaMkArIpana se gurujanoM kI sevA kara unake kRpApAtra hone se ve manuSya-mAtra ke lie pUjanIya hue| cAheM to hama bhI aise pavitra ho sakate haiM, itane kartavyaparAyaNa ho sakate haiM, itanI karuNAvRtti prApta kara sakate haiM, itane niSkAma, anAsakta aura nirahaMkArI ho sakate haiN| aise banane kA hamArA niraMtara prayatna rahe, yahI unakI upAsanA karane kA hetu hai| aisA kaha sakate haiM ki jitane aMzoM meM hama unake samAna banate haiM, 'utane aMzoM meM hama unake samIpa pahu~ca jAte haiN| yadi hamArA unake jaise banane kA prayatna nahIM ho to hamAre dvArA kiyA gayA unakA nAmasmaraNa bhI vRthA hai aura isa nAma-smaraNa se unake samIpa pahu~cane kI bAzA rakhanA bhI vyartha hai| yaha jIvana-paricaya par3hakara pAThaka mahApuruSoM kI pUjA hI karatA rahe, itanA ho paryApta nahIM hai| unakI mahattA kisalie hai yaha parakhane kI zakti prApta ho aura una-jaise banane meM prayatnazIla ho, to hI isa pustaka ke par3hane kA zrama saphala mAnA jAyagA /

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- ina saMkSipta caritroM kI yathArtha upayogitA kitanI hai ? itihAsa, purANa athavA bauddha, jaina, IsAI zAstroM kA sUkSma abhyAsa kara cikitsaka vRtti se maiMne koI nayA saMzodhana kiyA hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake lie pAThakoM ko zrI ciMtAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya athavA zrI baMkimacaMdra caTTopAdhyAya Adi kI vidvacApUrNa pustakoMkA abhyAsa karanA caahie| phira caritra-nAyakoM ke prati asAmpradAyika dRSTi rakhakara nitya ke dhArmika paThana-pAThana meM upayogI ho sakegI, aisI zailI yA vistAra se sAre caritra likhe hue nahIM haiN| aisI pustaka kI jarUrata hai, yaha maiM mAnatA hU~; lekina yaha kArya hAtha de lene ke lie jaisA abhyAsa cAhie usake lie maiM samaya yA zakti meM sarkegA, yaha saMbhava mAlUma nahIM hotaa| manuSya svamAvasehI kisI kI pUjA kiyA karatA hai| kaiyoM ko deva mAnakara pUjatA hai, to kaiyoM ko manuSya samajhakara pUjatA hai| jinheM deva mAnakara pUjatA hai, unheM apane se mila jAti kA samajhatA haijinheM manuSya samajhakara pUjatA hai unheM vaha apane se choTA-bar3A Adarza lamajhakara pUjatA hai / rAma, kRSNa, buddha, mahAvIra, IsA Adi ko mina-bhinna prajA ke loga deva banAkara-amAnava banAkara pUjate gAe haiN| unheM Adarza mAna una-jaise hone kI icchA rakha prayatna kara, apanA abhyudaya na sAtha unakA nAmodhAraNa kara, unameM uddhAraka zaktikA AropaNa kara, unameM vizvAsa

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(5) ra apanA abhyudaya sAdhanA hI Aja taka kI hamArI rIti rahI hai| yaha rIti nyUnAdhika aMdhazraddhA yAnI buddhi na daur3e vahIM taka hI nahIM paraMtu buddhi kA virodha karanevAlI zraddhA kI bhI hai| vicAra ke Age yaha Tika nahIM sakatI / bhinna-bhinna mahApuruSoM meM yaha deva-bhAva adhika dRr3ha karane kA prayatna hI saba sampradAyoM ke AcAyeM, sAdhuoM, paMDitoM jAdi ke jIvana-kArya kA itihAsa ho gayA hai| inameM se camatkAroM kI, bhUtakAla meM huI bhaviSya-vANiyoM kI aura bhaviSyakAla ke lie kI huI aura kharI utarI AgAhiyoM kI AkhyAyikAe~ racI huI haiM aura unakA vistAra itanA adhika bar3ha gayA hai ki jIvana-caritra meM se to pratizata yA usase adhika pRSTha inhIM bAtoM se bhare hote haiN| ina bAtoM kA sAmAnya janatA ke mana para aisA pariNAma huA hai ki manuSya meM rahI huI pavitratA, lokottarazIla-saMpannatA, dayA yAdi sAdhu aura vIra puruSa ke guNoM ke kAraNa unakI kImata vaha oNka nahIM sakatI, lekina camatkAra kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura camatkAra karane kI zakti vaha mahApuruSa kA Avazyaka lakSaNa mAnatI hai| zikSA se ahilyA karanekI, govardhana ko kaniSTha u~galI para uThAne kI, sUrya ko AkAza meM roka rakhane kI, pAnI parase calane kI, hajAroM manuSyoM ko eka TokanI bhara roTIse bhojana karAne kI, marane ke bAda jIvita hone kI Adi Adi pratyeka mahApuruSake caritra meM AnevADI bAtoM ke racayitAoMne janatA ko isa taraha mithyA dRSTi-biMdu kI

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(e) ora jhukA diyA hai| aise camatkAra karake batAne kI zakti sAdhya ho to usase kisI manuSya ko mahApuruSa kahalAne lAyaka nahIM samajhanA cAhie / mahApuruSoM kI camatkAra karane kI zakti yA 'arebiyana nAiTsa' jaisI pustakoM meM milanevAlI jAdUgaroM kI zakti ina donoM kA mUlya manuSyatA kI dRSTi se samAna hI hai| aisI zakti honese koI pUjAkA pAtra nahIM honA caahie| rAma ne zikSA se ahilyA kI athavA pAnI para patthara tirAe, yaha bAta nikAla DAlie, kRSNa kevala mAnavI zakti se hI apanA jIvana jIe aisA kahanA cAhie / IsA ne eka bhI camatkAra nahIM batAyA thA aisA mAnanA cAhie, phira bhI rAma, kRSNa, buddha, mahAvIra, IsA Adi puruSa mAnava jAti ke kyoM pUjA-pAtra haiM, isa dRSTi se yaha caritra likhane kA prayatna hai / kaiyoM ko saMbhava hai ki yaha na rucegA, lekina yahI yathArtha dRSTi hai / yaha merA vizvAsa hai; aura isa lie isa paddhati ko na chor3ane kA merA Agraha hai / mahApuruSoM ko dekhane kA yaha dRSTi-biMdu jinako mAnya hai unake lie hI yaha pustaka hai / anta meM eka bAta aura likhanA Avazyaka hai| isameM jo. kucha nayA hai vaha pahale mujhe sUjhA hai, aisA nahIM kaha sktaa| mere jIvana ke dhyeya meM aura upAsanA ke dRSTi-biMdu meM parivartana karanevAle, mujhe baMdhakAra se prakAza meM le jAnevAle apane puNya-pAda gurudeva kA

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maiM RNI huuN| isameM jo truTiyAM hoM unheM mere hI vicAra aura grahaNazakti kI smjheN| buddha deva ke caritra ke lie zrI dharmAnaMda kosaMbI kI 'buddhalIlA sAra saMgraha' aura 'buddha, dharma ane saMgha' pustakoM kA RNI haiN| mahAvIra kI vastu adhikAMzataH hemacaMdrAcArya kRta 'triSaSThi zalAkA purupa' ke AdhAra para likhI gaI hai| gujarAtI prastAvanA se] -ki0 gha0 mazarUvAlA

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mahAbhiniSkaraNa 'niraMtara jalatI huI agnimeM vaisA AnaMda aura hAsya! aMdhakAra meM bhaTakane vAlo, malA dIpaka kyoM nahIM zoSate lagabhaga pacIso varSa pUrva himAlaya kI samAmi caMpAraNyake uttarama, nepAlako tarAI meM kapilavastu nAmaka eka namarI thii| zAkya kulake yAtriyoMkA va eka choTayA mahAmanarucAka yajya thaa| hoTala nAmaka eka zAkya uThakA adhyakSa yA| use panA kahA baadaavaa| zuddhoknakA vivAha gautamavaMza kI mAyAvatI aura mahAprajApati nAmaka do sAnAle humAyA / mAyAvatIko eka putra huA, lekina prasava kesAta dina bAda hI usakA svargavAsa ho gayA / dhiyuke pAlana kA bhAra mahAmabApati para A gayA / usane zizukA pAlana apane putrakI taraha vithA / usa pAsapane bhI use apanI sagI mA~ka samAna mAsa bAlaka kA nAma zivA thaa| 1. konu hAso kimAno nincha pammAlita prti| - andhakArena mono (1) pIpaM asoya / 2. isI kAraNa buddha zAkya aura mokA ani nAma bhI maad|

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2. sukhopabhoga: zuddhodanane siddhArthakA bahuta lAr3a-pyArase pAlana kiyA / rAjakumArako usake upayukta zikSA dI gaI, lekina sAtha-hI-sAtha saMsArake vilAsoM kI pUrvi meM bhI kisI taraha kamI nahIM rakhI gaI / ma yo dharA nAmaka guNavAna kanyAke sAtha usakA vivAha huA Ara unake rAhula nAmaka putra paidA huaa| apane bhogoMkA varNana siddhArthane isa prakAra kiyA hai: " maiM bahuta sukumAra thA / mere lie pitAne tAlAba khudavAkara usameM vividha prakArakI kamaliniyAM lagAI thii| mere vastra rezamI hote the| dhIta aura uSNatA kA asara na hone dene ke lie mere sevaka mujha para zveta chatra lagAe rahate / ThaMDI, gamA aura varSA Rtumai rAne ke lie alaga alaga tIna mahala the| jaba maiM varSoM ke lie banAe hue mahala meM rahane ke lie jAtA, taba cAra mahIne taka bAhara na nikala, striyoM ke gIta aura vAdya sunate hue samaya bitAtA | dUsaroM ke yahAM sevakoM ko halakA bhojana milatA thA, lekina mere yahAM dAsa-dAsiyoM ko acche bhojanake sAtha mAta bhI milA karatA thaa| 3. viveka buddhi: isa prakAra siddhArtha kI javAnI bIta rahI thii| lekina itane aiza-ArAma meM bhI siddhArthakA cica sthira thaa| bacapana se hI vaha vicAra-zIla bhora ekAgra-citta rahatA thaa| jo dRSTimeM par3atA usakA bArIkIse nirIkSaNa karanA aura usapara gaMbhIra vicAra karanA unakA sahaja-svabhAva thaa| sadeva vicAra-dhIla rahe binA kisa puruSa ko mahattA prAta ho sakatI hai? aura kauna-sA aisA tuccha prasaMga ho sakatA hai jo vicAraka puruSake jIvana meM adbhuta parivartana karane meM samartha na ho' 1. pichalI TippaNI dekhie /

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mahAbhiniSkramaNa 4. vicAraH siddhArtha kevala yauvanakA upabhoga hI nahIM kara rahA thA, baski yauvana kyA hai| usake AraMbha meM kyA hai| usake antameM kyA hai isakA bhI vicAra karatA thA / itanA hI nahIM ki vaha kevala aiza-ArAma karatA thA, balki aiza-ArAma kyA hai ? usameM sukha kitanA hai ? dukha kitanA hai| aise bhogakA kAla kitanA hai / isakA bhI vicAra karatA thaa| vaha kahatA hai: "isa sampattikA upabhoga karate-karate, mere manameM vicAra AyA ki sAmAnya aza manuSya svayaM bur3hApeke jhapaTTemeM AnevAlA hai, phira bhI use bUr3he bhAdamI ko dekha glAni hotA hai aura usakA tiraskAra karatA hai! lekina maiM svayaM buDhApeke jAlameM phaMsane vAlA hUM isalie sAmAnya manuSyakI taraha jarA-prasta manuSyako mlAni karanA yA usakA tiraskAra kanA mujhe zobhA nahIM detA / isa vicArake kAraNa merA yauvanakA mada jar3amUnase bAtA rhaa| "sAmAnya ajJa manuSya svayaM vyAdhika jhapaTTemeM AnevAlA hai, phira bhI vyAdhi-asta manuSya ko dekha use glAni hotI hai aura usakA tiraskAra karatA hai| lekina maiM svayaM vyAdhike paTTe se nahIM chUTa sakA; isaliye byAdhi-grasta se glAni karanA yA usakA tiraskAra karanA mujhe zobhA nahIM detA / isa vicArase merA Arogya mada jAtA rhaa| "sAmAnya ajJa manuSya svayaM mRtyuko prApta honevAlA hai, phira bhI vaha mRta dehako dekha glAni karatA hai aura usakA tiraskAra karatA hai| lekina merI bhI to mRtyu hogI, isalie sAmAnya manuSya kI taraha mRta-zarIrako dekha glAni karanA aura usakA tiraskAra karanA mujhe zobhA nahIM detaa| isa vicArase merA Ayu-mada bilakula naSTa ho gayA / " 'buddha, dharma aura saMghAke AdhArase / siddhArthako bUDhe, rogI, zava aura saMnyAsI ke anukramase acAnaka darzana honese vairAgya utpanna huA aura vaha rAtorAta ghara chor3akara eka dina nikala gyaa| aisI kathA pracalita hai| ye kathAe~ kalpita mAlUma hotI haiM / dekho uparakI pustakame kosaMbAjIkA vivecanA

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5. mokSakI jijJAsA : jinake pAsa ghara, gAr3I, ghor3e, pazu, dhana, strI, putra, dAsa-dAsI mAdi hoM, ve isa saMsAra meM sukhI mAne jAte haiN| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki manuSya kA sukha ina vastuoM ke AdhAra para hai; lekina siddhArtha vicAra karane lgaa| "maiM svayaM jarA-dharmI, vyAdhi-dharmI, mRtyu-dharmI, zoka-dhabhI hote hue jarA, vyAdhi, matyu aura thokase saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI vastuoM ko apane sukhakA AdhAra mAna baiThA huuN| yaha ThIka nahIM / " jo svayaM duHkha-rahita nahIM, usase dUsaroMko sukha kese mila sakegA? isalie jisameM jarA, vyAdhi, mRtyu yA zoka na ho, aisI vastu kI khoja karanA ucita hai| aura usakA Azraya lenA caahie| 6. vairAgyakI vRtti isa vicArameM par3anevAle ko saMsAra ke sukhoMmeM kyA rasa rahegA! jo sukha nAzavAn hai, jinakA bhoga eka kSaNa bAda hI kevala bhUtakAlakI smRti rUpa ho rahatA hai, jo buDhApA roga aura mRtyuko nikaTa se nikaTa khIMca lAte haiM, jinakA viyoga zoka utpanna karatA hai, aise sukha aura bhogase siddhArtha kA mana udAsa hogayA / kisIke gharameM koI priya vyakti dIpAvalI ke dina hI maranekI sthitima par3A ho use usa dina kyA pakvAna priya lageMge ? kyA usakI icchA rAtako dIpavAlIkI rozanI dekhane jAnekI hogI? isI taraha siddhArthako dehake jarA, vyAdhi aura mRtyuse honevAle bhAvazyaka rUpAMtarako kSaNa-kSaNameM dekhakara, sukhopabhogase glAni hogaI / vaha jahAM-tahAM ina vastuoMko najadIka AtI huI dekhane lagA; aura apane Apta-iSTau, dAsa-dAsiyoM Adiko isa sukhake hI pAche par3e dekha usakA hRdaya karaNAse bharane lagA / loga aise jar3a kaise bana gaye ! vicAra kyoM nahIM krte| aise tuccha sukhake lie Atura kaise hote haiN| Adi vicAra use

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mahAbhiniSkramaNa hone lage / lekina ye vizvAra kaba kahe jA sakate haiM ? isa sukhake sthAna para dUsarA koI avinAzI sukha batA sakane para hI yaha bAta karanA ucita hai| aise sukhakI zodha karane se chuTakArA ho sakatA hai| nijI hita ke lie yahI mukha prApta karanA cAhie aura priyajanoMkA saccA hit karanA ho to bhI avinAzI sukha kI hI khoja karanI cAhie / 7. mahAbhiniSkramaNa : Age calakara vaha kahatA hai ki " aise vicAroMmeM kitanA hI samaya jAne ke bAda, jaba ki maiM unatIsa varSakA taruNa thA, merA eka bhI bAla sapheda nahIM huA thA aura mAtA pitA mujhe ijAjata nahIM de rahe the; AMkhoMse nikalate azrupravAhase unake gAla gIle ho gae the aura ve eka sarIkhe rote the, taba bhI maiM ziro muMDanakara, bhagavA veza dhAraNa kara gharase nikala hI gayA / 8. siddhArtha kI karuNA : yoM sage-saMbaMdhI mAtA-pitA, patnI-putra Adiko chor3anemeM siddhArtha koI niSThura nahIM thA / usakA hRdaya to pArijAtakase bhI komala ho gayA thA / prANI - mAtra kI ora prema-bhAvase nihAratA thA / use aisA lagA ki yadi jInA ho to jagatake kalyANa ke lie hI jInA caahie| kevala svayaM mokSa prApta karane kI icchAse hI vaha gRha-tyAga ke lie prerita nahIM huA thA / lekina jagatameM duHkha nivAraNa kA koI upAya hai yA nahIM, isakI zodha Avazyaka thI / aura, isake lie jinheM mithyA batAyA gayA hai, aise sukhoM kA tyAga na karanA to moha hI mAnA jAvegA / aisA vicAra kara siddhArthane saMnyAsa - dharma svIkAra kara liyA / 1. buddha, dharma aura saMghase

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tapazcaryA aprazako nahIM dhyAna, na prajJA dhyAna-hIna ko / jo hai prajJA va dhyAna-yukta, nirvANa usake pAsameM // ' 1. mikSA vRttiH yaha tyAga kara siddhArtha dUra nikala gayA / camArase lekara brAhmaNa taka saba jAtike logoMse prApta mikSAko eka pAtrameM jamA kara baha khAne lgaa| pahale pahala aisA karanA use bar3hA hI kaThina lagA, lekina usane vicAra kiyA, "are jIva, tujhe kisIne saMnyAsa lene ke lie jabaradastI nahIM kI thI / gajI khuzIse hI tUne yaha veza liyA hai; aba tujhe yaha bhikSAma khAne meM kyoM glAni hotI hai| manuSya-manuSya ke bIca bheda-bhAvako dekha terA hRdaya bhara bhAtA thA / paraMtu aba svayaM para hIna jAtike vyaktikA anna khAnekA prasaMga Ane para tere manameM ina logoMke viSayameM anukamA na Akara glAni kyoM hotI hai / siddhArtha, chor3ade isa durbalatA ko ! sugaMdhita bhAtama aura hIna logoM dvArA lie hue isa annameM tujhe bheda-bhAva nahIM karanA cAhie / isa sthitiko prApta karanepara hI terI pravrajyA saphala hogii| isa prakAra apane manako boSa de viSama-dRSTike saMskAroM kA siddhArthane dRr3hatA pUrvaka tyAga kiyaa| 2. gurukI zodha : kAlAma munike yahA~: ___ aba vaha AtyaMtika mukha kA mArga batAnevAle gurukI zodharme lgaa| pahale vaha kAlA ma nAmaka yogIkA ziSya hogayA / usane pahale siddhAryako 1. nasthi jJAna apanassa pacA napi ajjhaayto|| ___ ami jJAnaM ca pabhA ca save ninvAna santike ||-(dhmmpd) 2. dekho pIchekI TippaNI

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tapazcaryA apane sidhdAMta sikhalAe / sidhdArtha unheM sIkha gayA / aura, isa viSayama vaha itanA kuzala hogayA ki kisIke kucha pUchane para vaha unakA barAbara ucara de sakatA thA tathA unake sAtha carcA bhI kara sakatA thA kAlAma ke bahuta se ziSya isa prakAra kuzala paMDita hue the / lekina sidhdArtha ko itane se saMtoSa nahIM huaa| use kisI amuka sidhdAMtapara vAda-vivAda karanekI zaktikI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| use to duHkhakA nivAraNa karanekI auSadhi cAhie thii| vaha kevala vAda-vivAdase kaise milatI ! isalie usane apane guruse vinaya-pUrvaka kahA " mujhe kevala Apake siddhAMtoM kA jJAna nahIM cAhie thA, lekina jisa rItise ye sidhdAMta anubhavameM A sake, vaha rIti sikhAie / isase kAlAma munine sidhdArthako apanA samAdhi-mArga batAyA / isa mArgakI sAta bhUmikAe~ thI / sidhdArthane una sAta bhUmikAoMko jaldIhI siddha kara liyaa| bAdameM usane gusse kahA: " aba isake Age!" lekina kAlAmane kahA "bhAI maiM itanAhI jAnatA hai| maiMne jitanA jAnA hai utanA tumane mI jAna liyA hai, isalie tuma aura maiM aba samAna hogae haiN| ataH aba hama donoMko milakara mere isa mArgakA pracAra karanA caahie|" aisA kA usane siddhArthakA bahuta sanmAna kiyA / 3. asaMtoSa lekina itane se sidArthako saMtoSa huA nahIM / usane vicAra kiyaa| " isa samAdhi se kucha samaya taka duHkhake kAraNoM ko dabAkara rakhA jA sakatA hai| lekina unakA bar3a-mUDhase uccheda nahIM hotA, isalie mobakA mArga jaisA guru kahate haiM, usase kucha bhinna honA caahie|

Page #26
- - 4. phirase zoSa : udraka munike yahA~ : yA kAlAmakA bhASama chor3a udraka nAmaka dUsare logoke thA gyaa| usane siddhArthako samAdhikI AThavI bhUmikA sikhaaii| sihAyane ise bhI sidhda kara liyaa| isase udrakane usakA apane samAna ho jAne se bahuta sanmAna kiyaa| 5. punaH asaMtoSa: lekina sidhdArthako aba bhI saMtoSa nahIM huaa| isase bhI isa rUpa vRttiyoM ko kucha kAla taka dabAyA jA sakatA hai, lekina unakA jar3a-mUkhase nAza vo nahIM hI hotaa| 6. nijI prayatna : sidhdArthako lagA ki aba sukhake mArgako nijI prayatnase zodhanA cAhie / yaha vicAra kara vaha phirate-phirate gayAke pAsa uruvela prAmameM aayaa| 5. deha-damana: vahAM usane tapa karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| usa samaya aisA mAnA jAtA thA ki ugra rUpase zarIrakA damana hI tapa hai / isa pradezama bahutase sapasvI rahate the| una sabakI rautike anusAra sidhdArthane bhI mArI tapa zurU kiyA / zItakAlameM ThaMDI, grISmakAlameM garmI bhAra varSA kAlameM barasAtakI dhArAeM sahana kara upavAsakara usane zarIrako atyaMta kRza kara ddaalaa| ghaMToM taka yAsocchavAsa roka vaha kAukI taraha dhyAnastha baiThA rhtaa| isase usake peTamai bhayaMkara bedanA aura zarIrameM daarotii| usakA zarIra kevala hAr3iyokA DhAMcA ya gayA / bAkhira usameM uThanekI bhI zAkti na rahI aura eka dina vo yaha mUrchA khAkara gira pdd'aa| taba eka bAlane dUdha pilAkara use saceta kiyaa| lekina itanA kA uThAne para bhI use zAMti na milii|

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8. annagrahaNa : tapazcaryA siddhArtha ne dehadamana kA pUrA anubhava karanepara dekhA ki kevala dehadamana se koI lAbha nahI / yadi satya kA mArga khojanA ho to vaha zarIra kI zakti kA nAza karake nahI mila sakegA, aisA use lagA / isalie usane phira se annagrahaNa karanA zurU kara diyA / siddhArtha kI ugra tapazcaryA se kitane hI tapasvI usake ziSya ke samAna ho gae the / siddhArtha ko annagrahaNa karate dekha buddha ke prati uname nirAdara paidA huaa| siddhArtha yogabhraSTa ho gayA, mokpa ke lie ayogya ho gayA Adi vicAra kara unhone usakA tyAga kara diyaa| kina siddhArtha me logo me kaMvala acchA kahalAne kI lAlasA nahI thii| use to satya aura sukha kI zodha karanI thii| isa bAre me usake saMbaMdha meM dUsarI ke abhiprAya badaleMge, isa vicAra se use jo mArga bhULa bharA lagA usase vaha kaise cipaTa sakatA thA ? 6.. bodhaprApti : isa prakAra siddhArtha ko rAjya chor3e chaH varSa bIta gae / viSayoM kI icchA, kAmAdi vikAra, khAne-pIne kI tRSNA, Alasa, kuzaMkA, abhimAna, kIrti kI lAlasA, Atmastuti, paraniMdA Adi aneka prakAra kI citta kI AsurI vRttiyoM ke sAtha use ina varSo jhagar3anA pdd'aa| aise vikAra hI manuSya ke bar3e se bar3e zatru hai isakA use pUrA vizvAsa ho gayA / anta me ina saba vikAroM kI jIta kara usane cinta kI atyaMta zuddhi kii| jaba citta kI paripUrNa zuddhi ho gaI taba usake hRdaya meM jJAna kA prakAza huaa| janma aura mRtyu kyA hai ? sukha aura duHkha kyA hai ? duHkha kA nAza hotA hai yA

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nahIM hotA hai to kisa taraha ? yaha saba bAteM pratyakSa ho gii| zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa ho gyaa| azAMti ke sthAna para zAMti ho gaI / siddhArtha ajJAna nidrA se jAgakara 'buddha' ho gae / vaizAkha sudI 15 ke dina unheM prathama jJAna-sphuraNa huaa| isalie isa dina buddhajayaMtI manAI jAtI hai| bahuta dina taka unhoMne dhUma-ghUmakara apane sphurita jJAna para vicAra kiyaa| jaba sAre saMzayoM kA nirAkaraNa ho gayA, prApta jJAna kI unheM yathArthatA pratIta ho gaI taba svayaM zodhita satya prakaTa kara apane bhagIratha prayatnoM kA lAbha jagat ko dene ke lie unheM unakI saMsAra-sambandhI aura kAruNya bhAvanAoM ne prerita kiyaa| 1. bauddha graMthoM meM likhA hai ki brahmadeva ne unheM jagaduddhAra ke lie prerita kiyA / lekina maitrI, karuNA, pramoda (puNyavAna logoM ko dekha jAnaMda aura pUjyatA kI vRtti) upekSA (haThapUrvaka pApa meM rahanebAloM ke prati ) ina cAra bhAvanAloM ko hI buddhadharma meM 'brahmavihAra' kahA hai| isa rUpaka ko chor3a kara sarala bhASA meM hI Upara samajhAyA hai| caturmakha brahmadeva kI kalpanA ko vaidika granthoM meM aneka prakAra se samajhAyA hai, usI taraha yaha dUsarI rIti hai| sarala vastu ko sIdhe DhaMga se na kaha kavi rUpaka meM kahate haiN| kAlAntara meM rUpaka kA artha daba jAtA hai, sAmAnya jana rUpaka ko hI satya mAnakara pUjA karate haiM aura nae kavi apanI kalpanA se aise rUpakoM kA apanI ruci ke anusAra artha karate haiN| phira bhI ve rUpaka ko nahIM chor3ate aura rUpaka ko rUpaka ke rUpa meM pUjanA bhI nahIM chodd'te| mujhameM kAvya pratibhA kI

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tapazcaryA kamI hai, yaha Aropa svIkAra kara bhI mujhe kahanA cAhie, athavA mujhe parokSa pUjA rucatI nahIM / aneka bhole logoM ko bhrama meM sto kA yaha sIdhA rAstA hai| isa pratyakSa bhautika mAyA kI apekSA zAstrIya aura kaviyoM kI vAGmAyA (zabda-mAyA) bahuta trikaTa hotI hai / 11

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sampradAya mArga aSTAMgika zreSTha aru satya ke cAra pada / dharmoM meM zreSTha vairAgya, jJAnI zreSTha dvipAdoM meN| vANI kA nitya saMyama, mana se bhI saMyamI hove / pApa na saMcare deha meM vaha pAve RSimArga ko|' 1. prAraMbhika ziSya: apanI tapazcaryA ke samaya meM buddha aneka tapasviyoM ke saMsarga meM Ae the| ve saba sukha kI zodha meM zarIra ko aneka prakAra se kaSTa de deha-damana kara rahe the| buddha ko yaha kriyA bhUlabharI lgii| vahA~ se unhoMne una tapasviyoM meM se kaiyoM ko svayam ko prApta huA satya kA upadeza kiyaa| inameM se jina brAhmaNoM ne anna khAnA zurU karane para buddha kA tyAga kiyA thA ve unake pahale ziSya hue| 1. maggAnaThiGgiko seTho saccAnaM caturI pdaa| virAgo saThTho dhammAnaM dvipadAnaM ca cakkhumA / / vAcAnuravI manasA susaMvuto kAyena ca apusalaM na kyiraa| ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye ArAdhaye maggamisippaveditaM // (dhammapada)

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sampradAya - 2. sampradAya kA vistAra : buddha kA svabhAva aisA nahIM thA ki jo zAMti unheM prApta huI thI, usakA ve akele hI upabhoga kreN| apane sAr3he tIna hAtha ke deha ko sukhI karane ko hI unhoMne itanA prayAsa nahIM kiyA thaa| isase unhoMne jitane bega se satya kI zodha ke lie rAjya kA tyAga kiyA utane hI vega se unhoMne apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karanA zurU kiyaa| dekhate-dekhate hajAroM manuSyoM ne unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| kitane hI mumukSu unakA upadeza suna saMsAra kA tyAga kara unake mitu-saMgha meM praviSTa hue| inake sampradAya yA saMgha meM U~canIca, garIba-amIra kA bheda-bhAva nahIM thaa| varNa aura kula ke abhimAna se ve pare the| magadha ke rAjA biMbisAra, unake pitA zuddhodana, kausala ke rAjA pasenAda tathA anAthapiDika Adi dhanikoM ne jisa taraha unakA dharma svIkAra kiyA thA, usI taraha upAli nAI, cunda luhAra, baMbapAlI vezyA Adi pichar3I jAtiyoM meM se bhI unake pramukha ziSya the| striyA~ bhI unakA upadeza suna bhikSuNI hone ko prerita huii| pahale to striyoM ko bhikSuNI banAne ko buddha taiyAra nahIM the, lekina unakI mAtA gautamI aura patnI yazodharA ne bhikSuNI hone kI AturatA prakaTa kI aura unake Agraha ke vaza hokara unheM bhI bhikSuNI hone kI AjJA buddha ko denI pdd'ii| 3. samAja-sthiti: buddha ke samaya meM madhyama varga ke logoM kI manodazA nIce likhe anusAra ho gaI thI, aisA lagatA hai| 1. dekho pichalI TIppaNI naM.4

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buddha eka varga aihika sukhoM meM lipta rahatA thA / madyapAna aura vikAsa meM hI yaha varga jIvana kI sArthakatA samajhatA thaa| dUsarA eka varga aihika sukhoM kI kucha avagaNanA karatA, lekina svarga meM unhIM sukhoM ko prApta karane kI chAlasA se mUka prANiyoM kA balidAna kara unheM devoM ke pAsa pahu~cAne ke kAma meM lagA huA thaa| tIsarA eka varga isase ulaTe hI mArgapara jA zarIra kA aMta hone taka damana karane meM pha~sA thA / 14 4. madhyama mArga : ina tInoM mArgoM meM ajJAna hai, aisA buddha ne samajhAyA / saMsAra aura svarga ke sukha kI tRSNA tathA deha-damana se svayaM kA nAza karane kI tRSNA aura donoM siraM kI icchAoM ko tyAga kara madhyama mArga kA unhoMne upadeza kiyA / isa madhyama mArga se duHkhoM kA nAza hotA hai, aisA unakA mata thA / 5. Arya satya : madhyama mArga yAnI cAra Arya satyoM kA jJAna / ve cAra Arya satya isa prakAra haiM : 1. janma, jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa, aniSTa-saMyoga aura iSTa-viyoga ye pA~ca duHkha rUpI per3a kI zAkhAe~ haiN| ye pA~coM duHkha rUpa haiM arthAt anivArya haiM / ye apanI icchA ke adhIna nahIM haiN| inheM sahana karanepara hI chuTakArA hai / yaha pahalA Arya satya hai / 1

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sampradAya 2. inake sivA dUsare saba duHkha svayaM manuSya ke utpanna kie hue haiN| saMsAra ke sukhoM kI tRSNA, svarga ke mukhoM kI tRSNA aura AtmanAza kI tRSNA ye-tIna prakAra kI tRSNAe~ pahale ke duHkhoM ko phira se utpanna karane meM tathA dUsare saba duHkhoM ke kAraNa haiN| ina tRSNAboM se prerita ho manuSya pApAcaraNa karatA hai| apane ko tathA jagat ko duHkhI karatA hai| tRSNA duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai, yaha dUsarA Arya satya hai| 3. ina tRSNAoM kA nirodha ho sakatA hai| ina tIna tRSNAmoM ko nirmula karane se hI mokSaprApti hotI hai| yaha tIsarA Arya satya 4. tRSNAoM kA nidharo kara duHkhoM kA nAza karane ke sAdhana ke nIce mujaba ATha aMga haiM : 1-samyak jJAna-cAra Arya satyoM ko saba igriyoM se vicAra kara jaannaa| 2-samyak saMkalpa--zubha kArya karane kA ho nizcaya / 3-samyak vAcA-satya, priya aura hitakara vaannii| 4-samyak karma--satkarma meM hI pravRtti / 5-samyak AjIvikA prAmANika rUpa se hI AjIvikA calAne ke lie udym| 6-samyak prayatna--kuzala puruSArtha /

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16 buddha - samyak smRti - maiM kyA karatA hU~ ? kyA bolatA hU~ ? kyA vicAra karatA hU~ ? isakA niraMtara bhAna / 8 samyaka samAdhi' - apane karma meM ekApratA / apane nizcaya ekAgratA, apane puruSArtha meM ekAgratA aura apanI bhAvanA meM meM ekApratA | 6. , bauddha zaraNa-traya : yaha aSTAMga mArga buddha kA cauthA Arya satya hai| 1 jo buddhako mArga-darzaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kare unake upadeza kie hue dharma ko grahaNa kare aura unake bhikSu saMgha kA saMtsaMga kare, vaha bauddha kahalAtA hai : hai / budhda zaraNaM gacchAmi / dharmaM zaraNaM gacchAmi / saMghaM zaraNaM gacchAmi / ina tIna zaraNoM kI pratijJA lene para buddha dharma meM praveza hotA 1 samyak--yAnI yathArtha athavA zubha 2 bhAvanA meM ekAgratA yAnI kabhI maitrI, kabhI dveSa, kabhI ahiMsA, kabhI hiMsA, kabhI jJAna, kabhI ajJAna, kabhI vairAgya, kabhI viSayoM kI icchA Adi nahIM, balki niraMtara maitrI, ahiMsA, jJAna, vairAgya meM sthiti yaha samAdhi hai| dekho, gItA adhyAya 13 zloka 8 se 19; jJAna ke lakSaNa / 3 dekho pichaDI TippaNI 5 vIM /

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sampradAya 17 7. buddha dharmaH cAra Aryasatya meM manuSya ko apanI nyUnAdhika zakti ke anusAra mana, karma. vacana se niSThA ho aura aSTAMga mArga kI sAdhanA karate-karate vaha buddha-dazA ko prApta ho, isa hetu ke anukUla par3aneare if se buddha ne dharma kA upadeza kiyA hai| unhoMne ziSyoM ke tIna bheda kie haiM : gRhastha, upAsaka aura bhikSu / 8. gRhastha-dharma : gRhastha ko nIce kI pAMca azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra rahanA cAhie : [1] prANiyAM kI hisA [2] corI [3] vyabhicAra [4] asatya [5] zarAba AdikA vyasana | use nIce kI zubha pravRttiyoM meM tatpara rahanA cAhie : [4] satsaMga [2] guru, mAnnApitA aura kuTumba kI sevA [3] paNyamArga se dravya saMcaya [4] mana kI sanmArga meM haTatA [5] vidyA aura kalA kI prApti [6] samayocita satya, priya aura hitakara bhASaNa [ 7 ] vyavasthitatA [= dAna [6] saMbaMdhiyoM para upakAra | 10 ] dharmAcaraNa [11] namratA, saMtoSa, kRtajJatA aura sahiSNutA Adi guNoMkI prApti aura anta meM [12] tapazcayo, aar rte ke mArgapara cala cAra AryasatyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara mokSa kI prApti | 10 9. upAsaka kA dharma : upAsaka ko gRhastha-dhama ke uparAnta mahIne meM cAra dina nimnalikhita vratoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie :

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Ta buddha [1] brahmacarya [2] madhyAhna ke bAda bhojana na karanA [3] nRtya, gIta, puSpa ityAdi vilAsa kA tyAga [4] U~ce aura moTe bichaunoM kA tyaag| isa vrata ko uposatha kahate haiN| 10. bhikSuke dharma : bhikSu do prakAra ke haiM : zramaNera aura bhikSu / bIsa varSa ke bhItaravAle zrAmaNera kahalAte haiN| ye kisI bhikSu ke hAtha ke nIce hI rahate haiM / bhikSu meM aura jinameM itanA hI antara hai / bhikSA para jIvana nirvAha kI, vRkSoM ke nIce rahane kI, phaTe kapar3e jamA kara unase zarIra DhaMkane kI aura binA auSadhAdi ke rahane kI bhikSu kI taiyArI cAhie / ase cAMdI-sone kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura niraMtara cica ke damana kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / ' 1 bhartRharikRta nIce ke zloka meM sadAcAra ke jo niyama haiM ve mAnoM bauddha niyamoM kA hI saMkalita rUpa hai :prANAghAtAnnivRttiH paradhana haraNe saMyamaH satyavAkyaM kAle zaktyA pradAnaM yuvatijanakathAmUkabhAvaH pareSAm " tRSNA sroto vibhaMgo' guruSuca vinayaH sarvabhUtAnukampA sAmAnyaH sarvaM zAstra svanupakRtavidhiH zrayasAmeSapanthAH //

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sampradAya 19 11. sampradAya kI vizeSatA : buddha ke sampradAya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki sAmAnya nIti- priya manuSya kI buddhi meM utara sake, unhIM viSayoM para zraddhA rakhane ko ve kahate haiM 1 apane hI bala se buddhi meM satya ke samAna pratIta na ho aise koI camatkAra, siddhAMta, vidhiyoM yA vratoM meM ve zraddhA rakhane ko nahIM kahate / kisI kalpanA yA vAdapara apane sampradAya kI nIMva unhoMne nahIM DAlI; kintu jaise saba sampradAyoM meM hotA hai usI satya kI apekSA se sampradAya kA vistAra karane kI aicchAvAle logoM ne pIche se ye saba bAteM buddha dharma meM milA dI haiM, yaha saca hai / hindU aura jaina dharma kI taraha bauddhadharma bhI punarjanma kI mAnyatA para khar3A huA hai / aneka janmataka prayatna karate-karate koI bhI jIva buddha-dazA ko prApta kara sakatA hai / buddha hone kI icchA se jo jIva prayatna karatA hai use bodhisatva kahate haiM / prayatna karane kI paddhati isa prakAra hai : buddha hone ke pahale aneka mahAguNoM ko siddha karanA par3atA hai / buddha meM ahiMsA, karuNA, dayA, budAratA, jJAnayoga tathA karma kI kuzalatA, zaurya, parAkrama, teja, kSamAdi sabhI zra eSTha guNoM kA vikAsa huA rahatA hai| jaba taka ekAdha sadguNa kI bhI kamI hotI hai taba taka buddha-dazA prApta nahIM hotI / yahA~ taka ki taba taka usameM pUrNa jJAna nahIM hotA; vAsanAoM para vijaya nahIM hotI, moha kA nAza nahIM hotaa| eka hI janma meM vaha ina saba guNoM kA vikAsa nahIM :

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20 - - kara sakatA, lekina buddha hone kI icchAvAlA sAdhaka eka-eka janma meM eka-eka guNa meM pAraMgatatA prApta kare to janmAMtara meM vaha buddha hone kI yogyatA prApta kara sakatA hai| gautama buddha ne isI paddhati se aneka janma taka sAdhanA kara buddhatva prApta kiyA thA, aisA bauddha mAnate haiN| yaha bAta usa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke manapara jamAne ke lie eka bodhisatva kI kalpanA kara usake janmajanmAMtara kI kathA gar3ha dI gaI haiN| arthAt ye kathAe~ kaviyoM kI kalpanAe~ haiN| lekina sAdhaka ke mana para jame, isa prakAra gar3hI huI haiN| ina kathAoM ko jAtaka kathAe~ kahate haiN| sAmAnya-jana ina kathAoM ko buddha ke pUrva janma kI kathAoM ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| lekina yaha bholI mAnyatA hai| phira bhI inameM se kucha kathAe~ bahuta bodha-prada haiN|

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upadeza * pApa na bAcaro eka, raho sanmArga meM dRr3ha / svacitta sadA zodhie, yaha hai zAsana buddhoM kA // ' 1. AtmapratIti hI pramANa hai : __cAritrya, cittazuddha aura daivI sampatti kA vikAsa ye buddha ke upadezoM meM sUtra rUpa se piroe gae haiN| lekina isa samarthana meM ve svarga kA lobha, naraka kA bhaya, brahma kA Ananda, janma-maraNa kA dukha, bhavasAgara meM uddhAra yA koI bhI dUsarI AzA yA bhaya denA yA dikhAnA nahIM caahte| ve kisI zAkha kA AdhAra bhI nahIM denA cAhate / zAstra, svarga, narka AtmA, janma-maraNa aAdi inheM mAnya nahIM, aisI bAta nahIM hai, lekina inapara buddha ne apanA upadeza nahIM kiyA, ina bAtoM ko jo kahanA cAhatA hai usakA mahatva svayaM siddha hai, aura apane vicAroM se samajha meM Ane jaisI haiM, aisA anakA abhiprAya mAlUma hotA hai| ve kahate haiM : "manuSyo, maiM jo kucha kahatA hU~ vahaH paraMparAgata hai, aisA samajha use:saca na mAna lo| apanI pUrva paraMparA ke anusAra hai yaha 1 savva pApassa akaraNaM kusalassa upasampadA / sacittapariyodapanaM etaM buddhAnusAsanaM ||-(dhmmpd) (21)

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22 - samajha kara bhI saca na mAna ko| aisA honevAlA hai, yaha samajhakara bhI saca na mAna lo| laukika nyAya samajhakara bhI saca na mAna lo| sundara lagatA hai isalie bhI saca na mAna lo| prasiddha sAdhu hU~, pUjya hU~, yaha samajhakara bhI saca na mAna lo| tumheM apanI vivekabuddhi marA upadeza saca lage to hI tuma ise svIkAra krii|" 2. dizA-vandana: usa samaya kitane hI loga aisA niyama pAlate the ki prAtaH kAla snAna kara pUrva, pazcima, dakSiNa, uttara, urdhva aura adho ina chaH dizAoM kA vandana kiyA karate / buddha ne chaH dizA isa prakAra batAI hai: snAna kara pavitra honA hI paryApta nahIM hai| chaH dizAoMko namaskAra karanevAle ko nIce likho caudaha bAtoM kA tyAga karanA cAhie: 1. prANaghAta, corI, vyabhicAra, asatya-bhASaNa ye cAra dukharUpa karma, . 2. svacchaMdatA, dveSa, bhaya aura moha ye cAra pApa ke kAraNa aura 3. madyapAna, tribhramaNa, khela-tamAze, vyasana, juA, kusaMgati aura Alasa--ye chaH sampatti nAza ke dvaar| isa prakAra pavitra ho, mAtA-pitA ko pUrva dizA samajha unakI pUjA krnaa| yAnI unakA kAma bhaura pApaNa karanA, kula meM cale pAe

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- upadeza satkAryoM ko cAlU rakhanA, unakI saMpatti kA yogya vibhAjana karanA caura mare hue hissedAroM ke hisse kA dAna-dharma krnaa| guru ko dakSiNa dizA samajha unake Ane para khar3e honA, bImArI meM zuzrUSA karanA, par3hAte samaya zraddhApUrvaka samajhanA, prasaMga khAne para unakA kAma karanA aura unakI dI huI vidyA kI pratiSThA rakhanA, yaha dakSiNa dizA kI pUjA karanA hai| pazcima dizAbo ko samajhanA cAhiye / usakA mAna rakhane se, apamAna na hone dene se, patnIvrata ke pAlana se, ghara kA kArobAra use sauMpane se aura Avazyaka vastrAdi kI pUrti karane se usakI pUjA hotI hai| - uttara dizA yAnI mitravarga aura sge-sNbNdhii| unheM yogya vastue~ bheMTa karane se, madhura vyavahAra rakhane se, unake upayoga meM Ane se, unake sAtha samAnatA kA bartAva karane se, aura niSkapaTa vyavahAra se uttara dizA ThIka taraha pUjI jAtI hai| __adhodizA kA vandana sevaka ko zakti-pramANa hI kAma sauMpane se, yogya aura samaya para vetana dene se, bImArI meM zuzrUSA karane se ora acchA bhojana tathA prasaMgopAca inAma dene se hotA hai| UrvadizA kI pUjA sAdhu-saMtoM kA mana, vacana aura kAyA se Adara karane se, bhikSA meM bAdhA na galane se aura yogya vastu ke dAna se hotI hai|

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buddha isa taraha : dizA kA pUjana : apanA aura jagat kA kalyANa karanevAlA nahI hai, aisA kauna kahegA ? 24 3. dasa pApa : 1 prANaghAta, corI aura vyabhicAra ye tIna zArIrika pApa haiM asatya, cugalI, gAlI aura bakavAda ye cAra vAcika pApa haiM, aura paradhana kI icchA, dUsare ke nAza kI icchA tathA satya, ahiMsA, dayA dAna meM azraddhA ye tIna mAnasika pApa haiM 1 4. uposatha vrata : uposatha vrata karanevAle ko usa dina isa prakAra vicAra karanA cAhie : mana "Aja maiM prANaghAta se 'dUra rahA hU~ / ' prANimAtra ke prati mere meM dayA utpanna huI hai, prema utpanna huA hai| maiM Aja corI se dUra rahanevAlA hU~, jinapara merA adhikAra nahIM, aisA kucha lenA nahIM 1. buddha ke kAla meM mAMsAhAra kA sAmAnya pracAra thA / Aja bhI bihAra kI tarapha vaiSNavoM ke sivA dUsare saba mAMsAhArI haiM; : aura vaiSNavoM meM bhI aisA nahIM lagatA kI saba meM macchI tyAjya hai / buddha aura bauddha bhikSu ( kadAcit prAraMbha ke jaina bhikSu bhI ) zAkAharI hI the, isakA pramANa nahIM milatA / nirAmiSa bhojana hI karanevAlA varga deza meM dhIre-dhIre utpanna huA hai| aura usakI zurUAta jainoM se huii|

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- upadeza hai aura isa taraha maiMne apane mana ko pavitra kiyA hai| Aja brahmacarya kA pAlana karU~gA; Aja maiMne asatya mASaNa kA tyAga kiyA hai; Aja se maiMne satya bolane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| isase DogoM ko mere zabdoM para vizvAsa hogA / maiMne saba prakAra ke mAdaka padArthoM kA tyAga kiyA hai samayabAhya bhojana kA tyAga kiyA hai| madhyAhna ke pUrva eka hI bAra mujhe bhojana karanA hai| Aja nRtya gIta, vAdya, mAlA, gaMdha, AbhUSaNa Adi ko tyAga rkhgaa| Aja maiM ekadama sAdI zayyA para zayana kruuNgaa| ye ATha niyama pAlakara maiM mahAtmA buddha puruSa kA anukaraNa karanevAlA ho rahA huuN|" 5. sAta prakAra kI patniyA~: ___ badhika, cora, seTha, mAtA, bahina, mitra aura dAsI aisI sAta prakAra kI patniyAM hotI haiN| jisake antaHkaraNa meM patike prati prema nahIM hotA, jise paisA hI pyAga hotA hai vaha khI badhika yAnI hiMsaka kI taraha hai| jo pati ke paise meM se corI karake alaga se dhana jamA karatI hai vaha cora kI taraha hai| jo kAma nahIM karatI lekina bahuta khAnevAlI hai; pati ko gAlI dene meM kasara nahIM rakhatI aura pati ke parizrama kI ijjata nahIM karatI vaha seTha ke samAna hai| jo patnI ekamAtra putra ke samAna pati kI saMbhAla rakhatI aura saMpatti kI rakSA karatI hai vaha mAtA ke samAna hai| choTI bahana kI taraha pati kA jo Adara karatI hai aura usa ka tI hai vaha bahana ke samAna hai| jaise koI mitrale samaya ke bAda milatA hai vaise hI pati ko dekhakara jo ati jaga hai aisI

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26 buddha kulIna aura zIlavatI patnI mitra ke samAna hai| bahuta cir3hAne para bhI jo nahIM cir3hatI, pati ke prati jo kuvicAra bhI mana meM nahIM chAtI,. vaha patnI dAsI ke samAna hai / 6. saba varNoM kI samAnatA : buddha varNa ke abhimAna ko nahIM mAnate the / saba varNoM ko mokSa kA adhikAra hai| varNa kA zreSThatva pramANita karane kA koI svataH siddha AdhAra nahIM hai| yadi kSatriya Adi pApa kareM to ve naraka meM ara aura brAhmaNa Adi pApa kareM to ve na jAveM ? yadi brAhmaNa Adi puNya karma kareM to ve svarga meM jAveM aura kSatriya Adi kare to na jAveM ? brAhmaNa rAgadveSAdi rahita ho, mitra bhAvanA kara sakeM aura kSatriya Adi na kara sakeM ? ina saba viSayoM meM cAroM varNoM kA samAna adhikAra hai, yaha spaSTa hai|" phira eka brAhmaNa nirakSara ho aura dUsarA vidvAna ho to yajJa Adi meM pahale kisako AmaMtrita kiyA jAyagA ? Apa kaheMge ki vidvAn ko to vidvattA hI pUjanIya huI, jAti nahIM / lekina jo vidvAna brAhmaNa zIlarihata durAcArI ho aura nirakSara brAhmaNa atyaMta zIlavAna ho to kise pUjya mAnoge ? uttara spaSTa hai ki zIlavAna ko / lekina isa taraha jAti kI apekSA vidvatA zreSTha ThaharatI hai 1. tulanA kIjie: ahiMsA, satya, asteya, niSkAma-krodha-lomatA / sarva bhUta hita icchA - yaha dharma hai saba varNoM kA / / ( saMskRta sAhityapara se )

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-- - upadeza aura vidvattA kI apekSA zIla zreSTha ThaharatA hai aura uttama zIla to saba varSoM ke manuSya prApta kara sakate haiN| isalie yaha siddha hotA hai ki jisakA zIla ukAma hai vahI saba varSoM meM zreSTha hai| buddha bhagavAn brAhmaNa kI vyAkhyA karate haiM : " saMsAra ke saMpUrNa baMdhanoM ko chedakara, saMsAra ke dukhoM se jo nahIM DaratA, jisakI kisI bhI vastu para Asakti nahIM hai, dUsare mAra, gAlI , baMdhana meM DAlane para use sahana karate haiM, kSamA hI jinakA baDa hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~, kamala ke pattepara girI huI ba~doM ke samAna jo saMsAra ke viSaya-sukha se balipta rahatA hai use hI maiM prANa kahatA manoraMjaka aura upayukta, buddhi meM utare aise dRSTAMta aura kAraNoM se upadeza karane kI buddha kI paddhati anupama thii| inakA eka hI haTAMta yahA~ denA hai| buddha ke samaya meM yajJa meM prANiyoM kA vadha karane kA rivAja bAta pracalita thaa| yajJa meM honevAlI hiMsA ko baMda karane kA Andolana hindustAna meM buddha ke samaya se calA jA rahA hai| eka pAra phUTadaMta nAmaka eka brAhmaNa isa viSaya meM buddha ke sAtha carcA karane ke lie AyA / usane buddha se pUchA--" yaha kyA hai aura usakI vidhi kyA hai ?" 1. dekho pichaNe TippaNI chaThavI

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buddha - buddha bole-"prAcIna kAla meM mahAvijita nAmaka eka bar3A rAjA ho gayA hai| usane eka dina vicAra kiyA ki mere pAsa bahuta saMpatti hai / ekAdha mahAyajJa karane meM usakA vyaya karU~ to mujhe bahuta puNya hogaa|' usane yaha vicAra apane purohita se khaa| purohita ne kahA-"mahArAja, isa samaya apane rAjya meM zAMti nahIM hai| grAmoM aura zaharoM meM lUTa-pATa macI hai, logoM ko coroM kA bahuta trAsa hai| aisI sthiti meM logoM para (yajJa ke lie) kara biThAkara pApa kartavya se vimukha hoNge| kadAcit Apa yaha samajheM ki DAkuoM aura coroM ko pakar3akara phAMsI dene se, kaida karane se athavA deza se nikAla dene se zAMti sthApita ho sakegI lekina yaha bhUla hai| isa taraha rAjya kI andhAdhundhI kA nAza nahIM hogA; kyoM ki isa upAya se jo pakar3ameM nahIM AveMge ve phira se upadrava kreNge|" "aba maiM isa tUphAna ko miTAne kA saccA upAya kahatA hU~ : apane rAjya meM jo loga khetI karanA cAhate haiM, unako Apa bIja Adi deN| jo vyApAra karanA cAhate haiM unheM pUjI deN| jo sarakArI naukarI karanA cAhate haiM unheM yogya kAma aura ucita vetana para niyukta kreN| isa taraha saba logoM ko yogya kAma milane se ve tUphAna nahIM macAveMge, samaya para kara milane se ApakI tijorI bharegI, lUTapATa kA bhaya na rahane para loga bAlabaccoM kI icchA pUrI kara, daravAje khule rakha AnaMda se so skeNge|"

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upadeza 29 __ rAjA ko purohita kA vicAra bahuta acchA lgaa| usane turaMta hI isa prakAra vyavasthA kara dii| jisase thor3e hI samaya meM rAjya meM samRddhi bar3ha gii| loga atyaMta AnaMda se rahane lge|" "isake bAda rAjAne purohita ko bulAkara kahA-'purohitajI, aba merI mahAyajJa karane kI icchA hai, isalie mujhe yogya salAha diijie|" "purohita ne kahA-"mahAyajJa karane ke pahale Apako prajA kI anumati lenA ucita hai| isalie sthAna-sthAna para vijJaptiyA~ cipakAkara prajA kI sammati prApta kiijie|" purohita kI sUcanAnusAra rAjA ne vijJAptiyA~ cipakavA prajA se apanA abhiprAya nirbhayatA pUrvaka aura spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa karane ko kahA / sabane anukUla mata diyaa| taba purohita ne yajJa kI taiyArI kara rAjA se kahA-"mahArAja, yajJa karate samaya merA kitanA dhana kharca hogA aisA vicAra bhI bApa ko mana meM nahIM lAnA caahie| yajJa hote samaya bahuta kharca hotA hai yaha vicAra nahIM karanA caahie| yajJa pUrA honepara bahuta kharca ho gayA yaha vicAra bhI nahIM honA caahie|' Apake yajJa meM acche-bure saba prakAra ke loga Age, lekina kevala satpuruSoM para hI dRSTi ekha Apako yajJa karanA cAhie aura cica ko prasanna rakhanA caahie|"

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30 buddha "isa rAjA ke yajJa meM gAya, bakare, meMDhe ityAdi prANI mAre nahIM ge| vRkSoM ko ukhAr3akara unake staMbha nahIM rope ge| naukaroM aura majadUroM se begAra nahIM kI gii| jinakI icchA huI unhoMne kAma kiyA / jo nahIM cAhate the unhoMne nahIM kiyaa| ghI, tela, dahI, madhu aura gur3a itane hI padArthoM se yaha pUrA kiyA gayA / 1 "usake bAda rAjya ke zrImaMta loga bar3e-bar3e najarAne lekara aae| lekina rAjA ne unase kahA - "gRhastho, mujhe ApakA najarAnA nahIM cAhie / dhArmika kara se ekatrita huA mere pAsa bahuta dhana hai / usameM se Apako jo kucha Avazyaka ho vaha khuzI se le jAie / "isa prakAra rAjA ke najarAnA svIkAra na karane para una logoM ne a-lU Adi anAtha logoM ke lie mahAvijita ko yajJazAlA ke AsapAsa cAroM dizA meM dharmazAlAe~ banavAne meM aura garIboM ko dAna dene meM vaha dravya kharca kiyA / KH yaha bAta suna kUTadaMta aura dUsare brAhmaNa bole- "bahuta sundara yajJa ! bahuta sundara yajJa !! " bAda meM buddha ne kUTadaMta ko apane dharma kA upadeza kiyA / sunakara vaha buddha kA upAsaka ho gayA aura bolA, "Aja maiM sAta sau baila, sAta sau bachar3e, sAta sau bachar3iyA~, sAta sau bakare aura sAta | sau meMDhoM ko yaza staMbha se chor3a detA huuN| maiM unheM jIvanadAna detA huuN| tAjA ghAsa khAkara aura ThaMDA pAnI pIkara zItaka havA meM AnaMda se vicaraNa kreN|"

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upadeza 8 rAjya samRddhi ke niyamaH eka bAra rAjA bajAtazatru ne apane maMtrI ko buddha ke pAsa bhejakara kahalAyA ki, " maiM vaizAlI ke vajjiyoM para AkramaNa karanA cAhatA huuN| isalie isa viSayapara apanA abhiprAya deN|" ___ yaha suna buddha ne apane ziSya AnaMda kI bora mur3akara pUchA, "AnaMda, pabjigaNa bArabAra ekatrita hokara kyA rAjakAraNa kA vicAra karate haiM ?" bAnaMda : "hAM bhagavan / " buddha : " kyA ina logoM meM jamA hokara lauTane ke samaya taka bhI ekatA sthira rahatI hai ?" AnaMda : "aisA sunA to hai|" buddha : "ye loga apane kAnUnoM kA bhaMga to nahIM karate na ? athavA kAnUnoM kA cAhe jaisA artha to nahIM karate na" anaMda : "jI, nahIM / ye loga bahuta niyama pUrvaka pannevAle haiM, aisA maiMne sunA hai|" buddha : " vRddha rAjanItijJoM ko sammAna dekara vajjigaNa kyA unakI sagaha lete haiM" bAnaMda : "jI hA~; ve unakA bahuta mAna rakhate haiN|" buddha : "ye choga apanI vivAhitA yA avivAhitA striyoMpara atyAcAra to nahIM karate na "

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buddha AnaMda : "jI nahIM, vahA~ striyoM kI bahuta pratiSThA hai / " buddha : " vajjigaNa nagara ke athavA nagara ke bAhara ke devAlayoM kI kyA sAra sajhAla karate hai ? " AnaMda : "hA~ bhagavan / " buddha : "bayA ve loga saMtapuruSoM kA Adara karate haiM ?" AnaMda : "jI hA~ / " yaha suna buddha ne maMtrI se kahA : " maiMne vaizAlI ke logoM ko yaha sAta niyama die the| jabataka ina niyamoM kA pAlana hotA hai tabataka unakI samRddhi hI hogI, avanati ho nahIM sakatI / " maMtrI ne ajAtazatru ko vajjiyoM ke pIche na par3ane kI hI salAha dI / abhyunnati ke niyama : 9. 32 maMtrI ke jAne ke bAda buddha ne apane bhikSuoM ko ekatra kara isa prakAra zikSA dI : "bhikSuo, maiM tumheM abhyunnati ke sAta niyama samajhAtA hU~ / unheM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka suno [1] jaba tuma ekatra hokara saMgha ke kAma karoge, [2] jabataka tuma meM aikya rahegA, [3] jabataka saMgha ke niyamoM kA bhaMga nahIM karoge, [4] jabataka tuma vRddha aura vidvAna bhikSuoM ko mAna doge, [5] jabataka tuma tRSNA ke vaza nahIM hooge, [6] jabataka tuma ekAnta priya rahoge aura [0] jabataka

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upadeza apane sAthiyoM ko sukha hove aisI phikara rakhane kI Adata rakhoge, tabataka tumhArI unnati hI hogI, avanati nahIM hogii| "bhikSuo, maiM abhyunnati ke dUsare sAta niyama kahatA huuN| unheM sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sunoH [1] gharelU kAmoM meM AnaMda nahIM mAnanA, [2] bolane meM hI sArA samaya bitAne meM AnaMda nahIM mAnanA (3) sone meM samaya STa karane meM pAnaMda nahIM mAnanA [4] sAthiyoM meM hI sArA samaya naSTa karane meM AnaMda nahIM mAnanA, [5] durvAsanAoM ke vaza nahIM honA, [6] duSTakI saMgati meM nahIM par3anA, 7] alpa samAdhi-chAma se kRtakRtya nahIM honA / jabataka tuma ina sAta niyamoM ko pAloge tabataka tumhArI unnati hI hogI, avanati nhiiN|" "mikSuo, maiM punaH abhyunnati ke dUsare sAta niyama kahatA huuN| unheM sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sunoH [1] zraddhAlu bano [2] pApakoM se zaramAo[3] lokApavAda se DarA [4] vidvAna bano [5] satkarma karane meM utsAhI raho [6] smRti jAgRta rakho [7] prAjJa bno| jabataka tuma ina sAta niyamoM kA pAlana karoge tabataka tumhArI unnati hI hogI, avanati nhiiN|" | "bhikSuo, maiM phirase abhyunnati ke sAta niyama kahatA huuN| unapara dhyAna do| jJAnake sAta aMgoM kA hamezA cintana kiyA kro| ve sAta aMga ye haiM : [1] smRti [2] prajJA [3] vIrya [4] prIti [1] praznabdhi [6] samAdhi [7] upekssaa|"* (agale pRSTha para phuTa noTa)

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- mean 10. upadeza kA prabhAva : ___ buddha ke upadeza ko sunanevAle para tatkAla asara hotA thaa| jaise DhaMkI vastu ko koI ughAr3a kara batAve athavA aMdhere meM dopaka jaise vastuoM ko prakAzita karatA hai vaise hI buddha ke upadeza se zrotAoM meM satya kA prakAza hotA thaa| luTere-jaise bhI unake upadeza se . * [1] smRti yAnI satata jAgRti, sAvadhAnI : kyA karatA hU~, kyA socatA hU~, kaunasI bhAvanAe~, icchAe~ vAdi mana meM uThatI haiM, AsapAsa kyA ho rahA hai, ina saba viSayoM meM saavdhaanii| [2] prajJA arthAt manovRttiyoM ke pRthakkaraNa ko sAmarthya : AnaMda, zoka, sukha, dukha, jar3atA, utsAha, dhairya, bhaya, krodha Adi bhAvanAoM ko utpanna hote samaya yA usake bAda pahacAna kara unakI utpatti kaise hotI hai ? unakA zamana kaise hotA hai ? unake pIche kaunasI vAsanA rahI hai ? unakA pRthkrnn| ise dharma pravicaya bhI kahate haiN| [3] vIrya arthAt satkarma karane kA utsAha / [4] prIti arthAt satkarma se honevAlA AnaMda / [5] praznabdhi arthAt cica kI zAntatA, prasannatA [6] samAdhi arthAt citta kI ekAgratA [7] upekSA arthAt ciza kI madhyAvasthA,, vikAroMpara vijaya, vegake jhapaTTe meM nahIM aanaa| harSa bhI rokA nahIM jA sake, zoka, krodha bhaya bhI rokA nahIM jA sake, yaha madhyAvasthA nahIM hai|

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upadeza sudhara jAte the| aneka vyaktiyoM ko unake vacanoM se vairAgya ke bANa lagate aura ve sukha-saMpatti chor3a unake minu-saMgha meM dIkSita ho jaate| 11. katipaya ziSya : unake upadeza se kaIeka strI-puruSoM kA cAritrya kaise nirmANa huA yaha eka-do bAtoM se ThIka taraha se samajhA jA sakatA hai| 12. pUrNa nAmaka eka ziSya ko apanA dharmopadeza saMkSepa meM samajhA buddha ne usase pUchA:"pUrNa, aba tuma kisa pradeza meM jAgoge?" pUrNa : "Apake upadeza ko grahaNa karake aba maiM sunAparanta prAnta meM jAnevAlA huuN|" ghuddha : "pUrNa, sunAparanta prAnta ke loga bahuta kaThora haiM, bahuta krUra haiN| ve jaba tumheM gAlI deMge, tumhArI nindA kareMge, taba tumheM kaisA lagegA ?" pUrNa : "usa samaya he bhagavan ! meM mAnUMgA ki ye loga bahuta acche haiM; kyoMki unhoMne mujha para hAthoM se prahAra nahIM kiyaa|" buddha : "aura yadi unhoMne tuma para hAthoM se prahAra kiyA to?" pUrNa : "unhoMne mujhe patthara se nahIM mArA, isase ve loga acche haiM; aisA maiM smjhNgaa|' buddha : "aura pattharoM se mArane para " pUrNa : "mujhapara unhoMne daNDa-prahAra nahIM kiyA, isase ke bahuta acche loga hai; aisA maiM samajheM gaa|"

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buddha : "aura daNDaprahAra kiyA to ?" pUrNa : "to aisA samajhaM gA ki yaha unakI bhalamanasAhata hai ki unhoMne zastra prahAra nahIM kiyaa|" buddha : "aura yadi zastra prahAra kiyA to?" / pUrNa : "unhoMne mujhe jAna se nahIM mArA, ise unakI upakAra smjhNgaa|" buddha : "aura yadi prANaghAta kiyA to ?" pUrNa : "bhagavan ! kitane hI bhikSu isa zarIra se ukatAkara AtmaghAta karate haiN| aise zarIra kA yadi sunAparanta vAsiyoM ne nAza kiyA to maiM mAnUMgA ki unhoMne mujhapara upakAra hI kiyA hai; isase ve loga bahuta uttama haiM, aisA maiM smjheNgaa|" buddha : "zAbAza ! pUrNa, zAbAza ! isa taraha zamadama se yukta hone para tuma sunAparanta deza meM dharmopadeza karane meM samartha hooge|" 13. duSTa ko daNDa denA yaha unakI duSTatA kA eka prakAra kA pratikAra hai| duSTatA ko dhairya aura zaurya se sahana karanA aura sahana karate-karate bhI unakI duSTatA kA virodha kie binA nahIM rahanA, yaha dUsare prakAra kA pratikAra hai| lekina duSTa kI duSTatA baratane meM jitanI kamI ho utanA hI zubha cihna samajha usase mitratA karanA aura mitra-bhAvanA dvArA hI use sudhArane kA prayatna karanA duSTatA kI jada kATane kA tIsapa prakAra hai| mitra-bhAvanA aura ahiMsA

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upoza ' kI kitanI U~cI sImA para pahu~cane kA prayatna pUrNa kA rahA hogA, isakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai|' 14. nakula-mAtA kI samajhadArI : nakula mAtA ke nAma se prasiddha buddha kI eka ziSyA kA vivekajJAna apane pati kI bhArI bImArI ke samaya kahe hue vacanoM se jAnA jAtA hai| usane kahA : "he gRhapati, saMsAra meM Asakta rahakara tuma mRtyu ko prApta holo, yaha ThIka nahIM hai| aisA prapaMcAsakti-yukta maraNa duHkhakAraka hai, aisA bhagavAna ne kahA hai / he gRhapati, kadAcit tumhAre mana meM aisI zaMkA Ave ki 'mere marane ke bAda nakula mAtA-bacce kA pAlana nahIM kara sakegI, saMsAra kI gAr3I nahIM calA skegii| parantu aisI zaMkA mana meM na lAkho, kyoMki maiM sUta kAtane kI kalA jAnatI hU~ aura Una taiyAra karanA bhI jAnatI huuN| usase maiM tumhArI mRtyu ke bAda bAlaka kA pAlana kara skuuNgii| isalie he gRhapati, Asaktiyukta aMtaHkaraNa se tumhArI mRtyu na ho, yaha merI icchA hai / he gRhapati, tumheM dUsarI yaha zaMkA honA bhI saMbhava hai ki 'nakula-mAtA mere bAda punarvivAha karegI' parantu yaha zaMkA chor3a do| maiM Aja solaha varSa se uposatha vrata pAla rahI hU~, yaha tumheM mAlUma hI hai to phira maiM tumhArI mRtya ke bAda punarvivAha kaise karU~gI ? he gRhapati, tumhArI mRtyu ke bAda maiM bhagavAn tathA bhikSusaMgha kA dharmopadeza sunane nahIM jAU~gI, aisI zaMkA tumheM honA saMbhava hai, lekina tumhAre bAda pahale ke anusAra hI 1. aMgulImAla nAmaka luTere ke hRdaya-parivartana kI kathA bhI vilakSaNa hai / isake lie dekho 'buddhalIlA sAra sNgrh|

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38 buddhopadeza sunane meM merA bhAva rahegA aisA tuma pUrA vizvAsa rkho| isaliye kisI bhI taraha upAdhi-rahita maraNa kI zaraNa meM jaao| he gRhapati, tumhAre bAda meM buddha bhagavAn kA upadezita zIla yathArtha rIti se nahIM pAlU gI aisI tumheM zaMkA honA saMbhava hai| lekina jo uttama zIlavatI buddhopAsikAe~ haiM unameM se hI meM eka hU~ aisA Apa vizvAsa maaneN| isalie kisI bhI prakAra kI cintA ke binA mRtya ko jAne do| he gRhapati, aisA na samajhanA ki mujhe samAdhilAbha nahIM huA isalie tumhArI mRtyu se maiM bahuta duHkhI ho jaauuNgii| jo koI buddhopAsikA samAdhi-chAma vAlI hoMgI unameM se maiM eka hU~ aisA samajho aura mAnasika upAdhi chor3a do| he gRhapati, bauddha dharma kA tattva maiMne abataka nahIM samajhA aisI bhI zaMkA tumheM hogI, parantu jo tattvajJa upAsikAe~ haiM unameM se hI meM eka hU~ yaha acchI taraha dhyAna meM rakho aura mana meM se cintAe~ nikAla do|" 15. parantu sadbhAgya se usa jJAnI strI kA pati acchA ho gyaa| jaba buddha ne yaha bAta sunI taba usake pati se unhoMne kahA, " he gRhapati, tuma bar3e puNyazAlI ho, ki nakula-mAtA jaisI upadeza karanevAlI aura tumapara prema rakhanevAlI strI tumheM milI hai| he gRhapati, uttama zIlavatI jo upAsikAe~ haiM unameM se vaha eka hai| aisI patnI tumheM milI yaha tumhArA mahAbhAgya hai|" 16. saccA camatkAra : hRdaya ko isa taraha parivartita kara denA hI ina mahApuruSoM kA bar3A camatkAra hai| dUsare camatkAra to bAlakoM ko samajhAne ke

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bauddha zikSApada uttama hai agnizikhAsama tapta Dohe kA bhakSaNa | nahIM asaMyamI duSTa bana uttama rASTrAna kA bhojana // ' 1. pratyeka sampradAya pravartaka apane ziSyoM kA bartAva, sadAcAra, ziSTAcAra, zuddhAcAra, sabhyatA aura nItipoSaka ho isake lie niyama banAte haiN| ina niyamoM meM se kucha sArvajanika svarUpa ke hote haiM aura kucha usa usa sampradAya kI khAsa rUr3hiyoM ke svarUpa ke hote haiM, kucha sArvakAlika mahatva ke hote haiM aura kucha kA mahatva tAtkAlika hotA hai| 2. buddha dharma ke aise niyamoM ko zikSApada kahate haiN| unakA vistRta vivaraNa zrI dharmAnanda kosambI kI 'bauddhasaMgha kA paricaya' pustaka meM diyA huA hai| zrIsahajAnanda svAmI kI zikSA-patrI jaise pratyeka Azrama aura varNa ke lie hai vaise ye niyama nahIM haiN| mukhya rUpa se the bhikkhu 1. seyyo ayo guDho bhutto tato aggikhikhUpamo / bhuJjaya dussIko khupinu asaMyato / (dhammapada) 2. gujarAta vidyApITha se prakAzita / (39)

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40 buddha aura bhaNiyoM ke lie hI haiN| arthAt ina saba niyamoM kA paricaya yahA~ saMkSepa meM Aja kI upayukta bhASA meM diyA jAtA hai : 3. ziSyoM kA dharma : ziSyoM ko apane guru kI zuzrUSA isa prakAra karanI cAhie : (1) prAtaH karma - bar3e sabere uTha jUte utAra, vastroM ko vyavasthita rakha, guru ko mu~ha dhone ke lie dattauna aura pAnI denA aura baiThane ke lie Asana bichAnA / usake bAda unheM nAztA denA / nAztA kara cukane ke bAda hAtha-mu~ha dhone ko pAnI denA aura nAzte kA bartana sApha kara vyavasthita rUpa se use jagaha para rakha denA / guru ke uThate hI Asana sthAna para rakha denA aura vaha jagaha yadi gandI huA ho to sApha kara denA / (2) vicaraNa - jaba guru bAhara jAnA cAheM taba unake bAhara jAne ke vastra lAkara denA aura pahane hue kapar3e utArane para le lenA / guru bAhara gA~va jAnevAle hoM, to unake pravAsa ke pAtra, bichaunA tathA vastra vyavasthita rIti se bA~dhakara taiyAra rakhanA / guru ke sAtha apane ko jAnA ho to svayaM vyavasthita aitise vastra pahana zarIra ko acchI taraha Dha~ka apane pAtra, bichaunA va vastra bA~dhakara taiyAra honA / (3) mArga meM calate samaya ziSya ko guruse bahuta dUra athavA bahuta najadIka se nahIM calanA caahie|

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aura-zikSApada (4) pANI-saMyama : guru ke bolte samaya unake bIca meM nahI bolanA cAhie, paraMtu niyamakA bhaMga na ho, aisA kucha guru bote to namratA se usakA nivAraNa karanA caahie| (5) pratyAgamana : bAhara se vApasa lauTate samaya khura pahale Akara guru kA Asana taiyAra krnaa| paira dhone ke lie pAnI aura paTTA taiyAra rakhanA / bhAge jAkara guru ke hAtha meM chAtA aura peza ityAdi ho to le lenA, ghara meM se pahanane kA vana de denA aura pahanA humA bAla lenA / yadi vaha basa pasIne se gIlA ho gayA ho to use thor3I dera dhUpa meM sukhAnA, lekina use dhUpa meM hI nahIM rahane denA / vastra kI ekatra kara lenA aura aisA karate samaya phaTa na jAya, isakI sAvadhAnI rakhanA / vanoM ko saMvAra kara rakha denaa| (6) bhojana : nAzte ko taraha bhojana karate samaya bhI guru bhAsana, pAtra, bhojana jAdi kI vyavasthA krnaa| aura bhojana ke caparAMta pAtrAdi sApha karanA aura jagaha sApha krnaa| (7) bhojana ke pAtra kisI svaccha paTTe athavA cauraMga para rakhanA lekina nIcaM jamIna para nahIM rkhnaa| (8) snAna : yadi guru ko nahAnA ho to usako vyavasthA krnaa| unheM ThaMDA yA garma jaisA cAhate hoM vaisA pAnI denaa|mdn kI

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bAvazyakatA ho to zarIra meM tela lagAnA athavA mAliza kara denaa| baLAzaya para nahAnA ho to vahAM bhI guru kI vyavasthA krnaa| pAnI meM se bAhara nikala zarIra poMcha, kapar3e badala, guru ko aMgochA denA aura jAvazyaka ho to zarAra poMcha denaa| bAda meM unheM poye hue kapar3e sauMpa gIle kapar3e svaccha karake dho ddaalnaa| unheM vanI para sukhAnA aura sUkhane ke bAda vyavasthita Sar3I karake rakha denaa| lekina dhUpa meM adhika samaya nahIM rahane denaa| (9) nivAsa-svacchatA : guruke nivAsa meM roja kacarA sApha kara denA / nivAsa sApha karate samaya pahale jamIna para kI vastue~ vaise pAtra, vastra, Asana, bichaunA, takiyA Adi uThAkara bAhara athavA U~ce rakha denA / khaTiyA bAhara nikAlate samaya daravAje se TakarAve nahIM, isakI sAvadhAnI rakhanA / khaTiyAke pratipAdaka (pAyoM ke nIce rakhane ke lakar3I ke athavA patthara ke ThIe) eka ora rakhanA / pIkadAna uThAkara bAhara rakhanA / bichaunA kisa taraha bikA hai yaha dhyAna meM rakhakara hI bAhara nikAlanA / yadi nivAsa meM jAle Adi hoM to pahale chata sApha karanA / gerU se raMgI huI dIvAreM ThayA pakkA AMgana kharAba ho gayA ho to pAnI meM kapar3A gIlA kara use nicor3akara bAdameM sApha krnaa| sAdhAraNa lipI.putI jamIna yA bAMgana se dhUla na ur3e isalie pahale usapara pAnI chir3akakara bAda meM sApha karanA / kacapa jamA kara niyata sthAna para DAla denaa| bistara, khATa, pATa, cauraMga, pIkadAna Adi saba cIjeM dhUpa meM bhUkhane yogya sthAna para rakha denaa|

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bauddha zikSApada (10) makAna meM jisa dizA se havA ke sAtha dhUla ur3atI ho usa tarapha kI khir3akiyAM baMda kara denaa| ThaMDa ke dinoM meM dinako khir3akiyAM khulI rakhanA aura rAtako baMda karanA tathA garmI meM dina ko baMda rakhanA aura rAta ko khulI rkhnaa| (11) ziSya ko apane rahane kI koTharI, baiThane kI koTharI, ekatra milane kI baiThaka, snAnagRha tathA pAkhAne ko sApha rakhanA caahie| pIne tathA baratane kA jala bharakara rakhanA, pAkhAne meM rakhI koThI meM pAnI khatama ho gayA ho to bharakara rkhnaa| (12) adhyayana : guru ke pAsa se niyata samaya para pATha le lenA aura jo prazna pUchane hoM, ve pUcha lenaa| (13) guru ke doSoM kI zuddhi : guru meM dharmAcaraNa meM asaMtoSa yAtruTi utpanna huI ho athavA mana meM zaMkA utpanna hone se mithyASTi prApta huI ho to ziSya dUsare ke jarie use dUra karAve athavA svayaM kare / athavA dharmopadeza kre| guru se saMgha ke khAsakara naitika aura saiddhAntika niyamoM kA bhaMga hubhA ho to unakA parimArjana ho aura saMgha use phira se pahalI sthiti meM lA rakhe, aisI yojanA krnaa| (14) bImArI : guru kI bImArI meM ve jaba taka macchena ho athavA na mareM tabataka unakI sevA krnaa|

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4. guru ke dharma : 15 adhyApana: bharane ziSya para prema rakhanA aura usa.para anuyaha karanA, use dhama-: par3hAnA, usake dhArmika praznoM ke uttara denA, upadeza panA tathA rIti-rivAjoM kA paricaya de usakI madada krnaa| 15.ziSya kI samhAla: apane pAsa vasA, pAtra ArihoM aura ziSya ke pAsa na hoM, ho use denA athavA prApta karake denaa| 17. dhImArI: ziSya kI bImArI meM guru kA jAnA-pahacAnA ziSya hai aura igaha-sthAna para hai, aisA bartAva krnaa| 18. karmakauzala : kapar3e kaise dhonA, svacchatA tathA vyavasthA kaise karanA aura kAyama rakhanA Adi pAta ziSya ko zramapUrvaka sikhaanaa| 5. bhikSu (samAja sevaka) kI yogyatA : 19. ArogyAdi bauddha bhitu hone kI icchA rakhanegale meM nIce mujaba yogyatA gahie-yaha kuSTa, gaDa, kilAsamaya tathA apammAra ke rogoM se sahita na ho, puruSatvahIna na ho, svataMtra hoM (yAnI kisIke dAsarava

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bauddha zikSApada meM na ho. karjadAra na ho, mAtA-pitA ko mAlA lekara AyA ho, bIsa varSa pUre ho gae hoM bhora vastra, bartana Adi sAdhana-yukta ho| 20. taiyArI minu ko nIce mujaba taiyArI honI cAhie (1) AjIvana misATana para rahane kI taiyAro; bhikSA mika nAvegI to sdbhaagy| (2) cIthar3oM ke cIvara para rahane kI taiyArI ho : akhaMDa vasa mile to sdbhaagy| (3) vRkSa ke nIce rahane kI taiyArI ho para mile to sbhaagy| (4) gomUtra kI auSadhi se ilAja kI taiyArI thI, makAna bAdi vastue~ auSadhi ke rUpa meM mileM to sadbhAgya / 21. bata bhitu ke prata bhitu ko nIce mujaba vrata pAlanA cAhie-(1) zuddha prAcA 12) asteya : bhinu ko pAsa kA tinakA bhI nahIM curAnA cAhiecAra AnA athavA usase adhika kI corI karane para minu saMgha se nikala jaay| (3) ahiMsA :jAna-bUjhakara bode se jaMtu

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buddha ko bhI nahIM mAranA-manuSya-vadha karanevAlA, bhrUNa-hatyA karanevAlA nikala jAya / (4) adamitva : apane ko prApta na huI samAdhi prApta huI batAnevAlA bhintu saMgha meM se nikala jaay| 6.bhASA: (22) bauddha-dharma ke eka khAsa niyama dvArA loka-bhASAoM meM ho upadeza karane kI AjJA dI gaI hai| vaidika-(saMskRta) bhASA meM anuvAda karane kI manAhI kI gaI hai| 7. atithi ke dharma: bAharagAMva se bihAra meM jAne vAle bhikSu ko vahAM pahuMcanepara nIce mujaba bartAva karanA caahie| (23) praveza karate hI cappala nikAla bhaTaka denA, chAtA nIce rakha denA, sira para vastra ho to use utAra kaMdhe para lenA aura dhIre se praveza krnaa| bhikSuSoM ke ekatrita hone kI jagaha kI talAza kara paira dhonA / paira dhote samaya eka hAtha se pAnI chor3anA aura dUsare hAtha se paira sApha karanA; cappala poMchanekA kapar3A kahA~ hai yaha pUcha usase cappala poNchnaa| pahale kore Tukar3e se poMcha bAda meM gIle kapar3e se poNchnaa| vihAra meM rahanevAle vRddha bhikSuoM ko praNAma karanA aura choToM ke praNAma svIkAra karanA; apane rahane ke lie sthAna kI talAza kara vahAM Asana lagAnA; khAne-pIne kI prathA

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- - - bora zikSA pada maka-mUtra tyAga kI kyA suvidhA hai, yaha jAna lenA; jAne kA, thAne kA, rahane kA vaSA sAmudAyika upAsanA kA samaya jAna lenaa| 8 yajamAna ke dhrm| AvAsika (vihAra meM rahanevAle ) minu ko bhAgantuka bhintu kA nIce mujaba satkAra karanA caahie| (24) yadi Agantuka bhikSu apane se bar3A ho to usake lie bhAsana lagAnA / paira dhone kA pAnI tathA pATA taiyAra rakhanA; sAmane jAkara usake hAtha meM se sAmAna le lenaa| pAnI pInA cAhatA ho to pUchanA / bana sake to usakI cappaTa sApha karane kA kapar3A dho DAlanA / Agantuka ko praNAma karanA / use pahane kA sthAna btaanaa| sone Adi ke niyamoM kI jAnakArI denA / maka-mUtra svAga kI jagaha btaanaa| yadi Agantuka bhikSu apane se, choTA ho to svayaM jAna hakara hI bulAnA aura 'amuka amuka sthAnoMpara pAtra, vastra vAdi rakho aura amuka Asana para baiTho' Adi sUcanAe~ denaa| 9. vidA lenevAle ke kartavya : vihAra se vidA lekara jAne ke pahale nIce mujaba vyavasthA karake jAnA caahie|

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25. apane baratane meM lie hue paratanoM ko mUla sthAna para rakha denA athavA jinheM saupanA hI unake svAdhIna kara denaa| apane ko rahane ke lie mile hue sthAna ke khir3akI-daravAje baMda karake dUsare miSuoM ko (ve na hoM to caukIdAra ko ) sUcanA dekara jAnA cAhie / khaTiyA patthara ke cAra ThIyoM para rakha tathA usapara cauraMga bAdi rakhakara jAnA caahie| 10. striyoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha: 26. ekAnta bhintu ko Apatti kALa athavA anivArya kAraNa ke binA kisI strI ke sAtha ekAnta meM nahIM baiThanA caahie| aura er puruSoM kI anupasthiti meM usase pAMca-chaH vAkyoM ke sivA adhika saMbhASaNa, carcA, athavA upadeza nahIM karanA cAhie; usake sAtha ekAkI pravAsa nahIM karanA caahie| 27. ekAnta bhaMga : pati-patnI akele baiThe hoM yA soe hoM, isa bhAga meM pahale se sUcanA die binA bhikSu kI praveza nahIM karanA caahie| 28. paricaryA : bhivapu ko apane nikaTa-sambadhI ke sivA dUsarI strI se pAtra dhulAnA aura siTAnA nahIM caahie| 29. bheMTa : bhikSu ko kisI kauTubika saMbaMdha-rahita bI athavA bhikSuNI kI vastrAdi bheMTa nahIM karanA caahie|

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bauddha zikSApada 11. kucha pramANa 30. khaTiyAH khaTiyA pAye ke nIce kI baTanI se ATha sugata baMguTa U~cI rakhanA, adhika nhiiN| 31. Asana: bAsana kA AkAra adhika se adhika lambAI do sugata vista caur3AI lagabhaga Der3ha sugata vikastara aura purAne Asana se nikAlII cAroM tarapha kI kinAra eka pilst| cAroM 1. pAyoM kI baiThaka ke Upara ghor3e ke khura athavA TApa jaise bhaag| 2 sugata vista ko lagabhaga Der3ha hAtha ke barAbara kahA hai; lekina isameM kucha bhUka mAlUma hotI hai| dUsare sthAna para sugata-guru, sugata-cIvara aise zabda prayukta hue haiM / mujhe lagatA hai ki sugata yAnI buddha aura sugata-aMgula, sugata-viLasta aura sugata-cIvara yAnI buddha kI aMgula-vivasta aura cIvara kA baakaar| vista pAnI Der3ha haath| isake anusAra bhikSuoM ke dUsarI taraha ke jIvana ko dekhate hue yaha bahuta bar3A pramANa hai| udAharaNa svarUpa luMgI ke samAna pahanane kA paMcA 6x29 hAtha laMbA aura 21|| hAtha caudA ho nahIM sakatA; lekina 642 // veta barAbara (gamaga he zA se 1 // vA jagabhaga 24" ) yaha paryApta ginA jA sakatA hai| Asana bhI 30deg425" paryApta hotA hai|

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1. sarapha jUne Asana kI bhinna raMga kI kinAra kie binA Asana nahIM panAnA caahie| 32. kAchI-paMcAH laMbAI cAra sugata vilastu aura caur3AI do sugata vikst| 33. dhotIpacA : laMbAI chaha sugata vitarita aura caur3AI agabhaga DhAI sugata vilasta / 34. cIvara : laMbAI 9 Kgata vilamta aura caur3AI * suMgata vist| 12. samyatA: 35. Asana aura gati : zarIra ko yogya rIti se DhaMkakara calanA aura baiThanA / najara nIcI rakhakara calanA aura baiThanA / vastra upAdakara nahIM calanA aura baiThanA / jora se haMsate-ha~sate yA jora se AvAja karate nahIM calanA aura baitthnaa| calate yA baiThate zarIra ko nahIM hilAnA, hAtha nahIM hilAnA, sira nahIM ghumAnA, kamara para hAtha nahIM rakhanA, mAthe para oDhakara nahIM rakhanA, eDI ko U~cI nahIM rkhnaa| palasthikA (palAThI mAra bArAma kursI yA DolatI kursIjaise zarIra ko banA kara nahIM baitthnaa| 36. bhojana : bhojana karate samaya pAtra kI tarapha dhyAna rakhanA, rarosane kI vastuoM kI tarapha dhyAna rakhanA, koI vastu adhika na paro.. sane ke lie Dhakane yA chipani kI koziza nahIM karanA / bImArI ke binA khAsa apane lie vastue~ taiyAra nahIM karavAnA, dUsare ke pAtra

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bauddha zikSApada kI bora nahIM tAkanA, bar3e prAsa nahIM lenA, mAsa mu~ha taka gae binA mu~ha nahIM kholanA,baMguliyoM aura hathelI mu~ha meM DAlakara bhojana nahIM karanA / mu~ha meM pAsa ke rahate nahIM bolanA, hAtha baTakAte-jhaTakAte bhojana nahIM karanA, mAta idhara-udhara phailAkara nahIM khAnA, jIma idhara-udhara phirAte hue nahIM khAnA, capacapa AvAja nahIM karanA,sa-sa AvAja karate hue nahIM khAnA, hAtha, oMTha yA thAlI nahIM cATanA, jUThe hAtha se pAnI kA gilAsa nahIM lenA, jUThA pAnI rAste meM nahIM giraanaa| 37. zoca : binA bImArI ke khar3e-khar3e, ghAsa para yA pAnI meM zauca yA pezAba nahIM karanA /

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kucha prasaMga aura nirvANa zAnti aura sahanazIlatA parama tapa hai, buddha nirvANa ko parama zreSTha batalAte haiN| parapAvI pratrajita nahIM hotA, dUsare ko pIr3A na denevAlA hI zramaNa hai|' 1. jAnakI kasauTI: ___ mahApuruSoM ke upadeza yaha darzAte haiM ki unhoMne kyA socA hai, janake upadeza se samAja para honevAlA basara unakI vANI ke prabhAva ko batAyA hai| lekina una vicAroM aura vANI ke pIche rahI huI niSThA unake jIvana-prasaMgoM se hI jAnI jAtI hai| manuSya jitanA vicAra karatA hai utanA bola nahIM sakatA aura bolatA hai utanA kara nahIM sktaa| isalie vaha jo karatA hai usapara se hI unakA tasvajJAna chogoM ke hRdaya meM kitanA utara pAyA hai, yaha parakhA jA sakatA hai| 2. mitra-bhAvanA: jo jagat-sambandhI maitrI-bhAvanA kI apane ko mUrti banA sakatA hai, vaha buddha ke samAna hotA hai, yaha kahane meM koI Apatti 1. santI paramaM tapo titikkhA nibbAnaM paramaM vadanti buddhaa| nahi pambajito parUpaghAtI samaNo hoti paraM vihetthynto|| (dhammapada) (12) -

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kucha prasaMga aura nirvANa. nhiiN| prANImAtra ke prati mitratva ke sivA unakI koI dRSTi hI nahIM thii| unase vairabhAva rakhanevAle kitane hI loga nikle| nikRSTa-senikRSTa mithyA dUSaNa lagAne se lekara unheM mAra DAlane taka ke prayatna kie ge| lekina unake hRdaya meM una virodhiyoM ke prati bhI mitratA ke atirikta kisI prakAra ke hona-bhAva nahIM pAe, yaha nIce ke prasaMgoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai, aura una para se bavatAra yogya kaina puruSa hote haiM, yaha dhyAna meM lA sakatA hai| 3. kauzAMbIkI rAnIH kauzAMbI ke rAjA udayana kI rAnI jaba kumArI thI taba usake pitA ne buddha se usakA pANigrahaNa karane kI prArthanA kI thii| lekina usa samaya buddha ne uttara diyA thA ki, " manuSya kA nAzavaMta zarIra para se moha chUTane ke lie maine ghara chor3A hai| vivAha karane meM mujhe koI vAnaMda nahIM rahA / meM isa kanyA ko kaise svIkAra karUM?" 4. apane-jaisI sundara kanyA ko asvIkAra karane se usa kumArI ko apanA apamAna lgaa| samaya thAne para usane buddha se badalA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| kucha dinoM bAda vaha udayana rAjA kI paTAnI huii| 5. eka bAra buddha kauzAMbI meM aae| zahara ke guMDoM ko dhana dekara usa rAnI ne unheM sikhAyA ki jaba buddha aura unake ziSya bhikSA ke lie zahara meM bhramaNa kareM taba unheM khUba gAlayAM do| isa vaha jaba buddha kA saMgha galiyoM meM praviSTa hubA ki cAroM tarapha se manapara bImasa gAr3iyoM kI varSA hone lgii| kaI ziSya apazabdoM

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14 buddha se kyubdha ho uThe / jAnaMda nAmaka eka ziSya ne to zahara chor3akara jAne kI buddha se prArthanA kii| 6. buddha ne kahA : "AnaMda yadi vahA~ bhI choga apane ko gADiyoM deMge to kyA kareMgeM ?" AnaMda bolA : " anyatra kahIM jAveMge ? " buddha : " aura vahA~ bhI aisA hI huA to ? " AnaMda : " phira kisI tIsare sthAna para / " buddha : "AnaMda, yadi hama isa taraha bhAga-daur3a karate raheMge to niSkAraNa kleza ke hI pAtra hoMge, ulTe, yadi hama ina logoM ke apazabda sahana kara leMge to unake bhaya se anyatra jAne kA prayojana nahIM rahegA / aura unakI cAra-ATha dina upekSA karane se ve svayaM hI cupa ho jaayeNge| 7. buddha ke kahe anusAra sAta-bATha dina meM hI ziSyoM ko isakA anubhava ho gayA / 8. hatyA kA Aropa : eka samaya buddha zrAvastI meM rahate the| unakI choka-priyatA ke kAraNa unake bhikSuoM kA zahara meM bacchA Adara-sammAna thA / isa lie dUsare sampradAya ke vairAgiyoM ko IrSyA hone lgii| unhoMne buddha ke saMbaMdha meM aisI bAta ur3AI ki unakI cAla-calana acchI nahIM hai| thor3e dinoM ke bAda vairAgiyoM ne eka bairAgI strI kA khUna karavA usakA zava buddha ke vihAra ke pAsa eka gar3he meM phikavA diyA; mora bAda

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kucha prasaMga maura nirvANa Xin rAjA ke samakSa apane saMgha kI eka sI ke kho jAne kI phariyAda kI aura buddha tathA usake ziSyoM para zaka prakaTa kiyaa| rAjA ke AdamiyoM ne zava kI talAza kI aura use buddha ke bihAra ke pAsa DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| thor3e samaya meM sAre zahara meM yaha bAta phaila gaI aura buddha tathA unake freysoN para se logoM kA vizvAsa uTha gyaa| hara koI unake Upara thU-thU karane lagA / 55 9. isase buddha jarA bhI nahIM Dare / ' jhUTha bolanevAle kI pApa ke sivA dUsarI gati nahIM hai' yaha jAnakara ve zAnta rahe / 10. kucha dinoM bAda jina hatyAroM ne vairAgina kA khUna kiyA thA ve eka zarAba ke aDDe para jamA hokara khUna karane ke lie mile hue dhana kA ba~TavArA karane lge| eka bolA : "maiMne sundarI ko mArA hai isalie maiM bar3A hissA lU~gA / " dUsarA bolA : "yadi maiM galA na dabAyA hotA to sundarI cillAkara hamArA bhaMDAphor3a kara detI / " 11. yaha bAta rAjA ke guptacaroM ne suna hii| unheM pakar3a kara rAjA ke pAsa le ge| hatyAroM ne apanA aparAdha svIkAra kara jo kucha huA thA kaha diyA / buddha para lagAyA gayA aparAva mithyA sAbita hone se unake prati pUjyabhAva aura bhI bar3ha gayA aura pahale ke saba vairAgiyoM kA tiraskAra huA /

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12. devadataH unakA tIsarA virodhI devadatta nAmaka unhIMkA eka ziSya thaa| devadatta zAkya-vaMza kA hI thA / vaha aizvarya kA atyaMta DomI thaa| use mAna aura bar3appana cAhie thaa| usane kisI rAjakumAra ko prasanna kara apanA kArya siddha karane kA vicAra kiyaa| 13. rAjA bibisAra ke eka putra kA nAma bajAtazatra thaa| devadatta ne zusa phusalAkara apane vazameM kara liyaa| 14. bAda meM vaha buddha ke pAsa Akara kahane lagA : "Apa aba bUr3he ho gae haiM isalie sAre bhikSuoM kA mujhe nAyaka banA deM aura Apa aba zAMti se zeSa jIvana vyatIta kreN|" 15. buddha ne yaha mAMga svIkAra nahIM kii| unhoMne kahA : "tuma isa adhikArake yogya nahIM ho|" 16. devadatta ko isase apamAna mAlUma hulaa| usane buddha se badalA lene kI mana meM ThAna lii| 17. vaha ajAtazatru ke pAsa jAkara bolA : "kumAra, manuSyazarIra kA bharosA nhiiN| kaba mara jAvage, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie jo kucha prApta karanA hai use jaldI hI kara lenA cAhie / isakA koI nizcaya nahIM hai ki tuma pahale maroge yA tumhAre pitaa| tumheM rAjya milana ke pahale hI tumhArI mRtyu honA saMbhava hai| isalie rAjA ke marane kI rAha na dekha use mArakara tuma rAjA bano aura buddha ko mArakara maiM buddha bnuuNgaa|"

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kucha prasaMga aura nirvANa 18. ajAtazatru ko guru kI yukti ThIka aNcii| usane bar3e pitA ko bandIgRha meM DAla bhUkhoM mAra DAlA aura svayaM siMhAsana para car3ha baitthaa| aba rAjya meM devadatta kA prabhAva bar3ha jAya to isameM pAzcarya kyA? loga jitanA bhaya rAjA se khAte the usase adhika devadara se Darate th| buddha kA khUna karane lie usane rAjA ko prerita kiyaa| lekina jo jo hatyAre gae ve buddha ko mAra hI na ske| niratizaya ahiMsA aura premavRti, unake vairAgyapUrNa aMtaHkaraNa meM se nikalatA huA marmasparzI upadeza unake zatruoM ke hRdayoM ko bhI zuddha kara detaa| jo jo hatyAre gae ve buddha ke ziSya ho ge| 19. zilA prahAra: devadatta isase cir3ha gyaa| eka bAra guru parvata kI talahaTI .kI chAyA meM bhramaNa kara rahe the, taba parvata para se devadatta ne bhArI zilA unake Upara Dhakela dii| daivayoga se zilA to una para nahIM girI lekina usakI cIpa ur3akara buddha deva ke paira meM laga gii| buddha ne devadatta ko dekhaa| unheM usapara dayA A gaI / ve bole : "are mUrkha, khUna karane ke irAde se jo tUne yaha duSTa kRtya kiyA, usase tU kitane pApa kA bhAgI banA, isakA tujhe bhAna nahIM hai|" 20. paira kI coTa se bahuta samaya taka calanA-phiranA azakya ho gyaa| bhikSuoM ko bhaya huA ki phira se devadaca buddha ko mArane kA upAya kregaa| isase ve rAtadina unake AsapAsa paharA dene

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18 bukha shNge| buddha ko jaba isa bAta kI khabara lagI, taba unhoMne kahA : "mituo, mere zarIra ke lie ciMtA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| maiM nahIM cAhatA ki mere ziSya Darakara mere zarIra kI rakSA kreN| isalie paharA na dekara saba apane-apane kAma meM lage / " 21. hAthIpara vijaya : kucha dinoM ke bAda buddha acche ho ge| lekina devadatta ne punaH eka hAthI ke nIce dabAne kA vicAra kiyaa| buddha eka galI meM free lene ko nikale ki sAmane se devadatta ne rAjA kA eka matta hAthI una para chor3a diyaa| loga idhara-udhara bhAgane lage / jise jo jagaha dIkhI vaha vahIM car3ha gyaa| buddha ko bhI Upara car3ha jAne ke lie kula bhikSuoM ne AvAja dii| lekina buddha to dRr3hatA se jaise calate ye vaise hI calate rhe| apanI saMpUrNa premavRttikA ekIkaraNa kara unhoMne sArI karuNA apanI A~khoM meM se hAthI para brsaaii| hAthI apanI sU~r3a nIce kara eka pAlatU kuze kI taraha buddha ke Age khar3A gyaa| buddha ne usapara hAtha pherakara pyAra jtaayaa| hAthI garIba bana vApasa gajazAlA meM apane sthAnapara jAkara khar3A ho gyaa| J daNDeneke damayanti aMkusehi kasAhi ca / erdaNDena asatthena nAgo dano-mahesinA || - pazuoM ko koI daNDa se, aMkuza athavA lagAma se vaza meM rakhate haiM, lekina maharSi ne binA daNDa aura zastra hI hAthI ko roka diyA /

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kucha prasaMga aura nirmANa 22. devadatta kI vimukhatA: bAda meM devadatta ne buddha ke kucha ziSyoM ko phor3akara judA paMtha nikAlA / para unheM vaha rakha nahIM sakA aura sAre ziSya vApasa buddha kI zaraNa meM bhA ge| kucha samaya bAda devadatta bImAra ho gyaa| use apane karmoM ke lie pazcAtApa hone lgaa| para unheM buddha ke samakSa prakaTa karane ke pahale hI usakI mRtyu ho gii| 23. ajAtazatra ne bhI apane karmoM ke lie pazcAttApa kiyaa| usane phira se buddha kI zaraNa lI aura sammArga para calane lgaa| 24. parinirvANa : ___ assI sAla kI umra honetaka buddha ne dharmopadeza kiyaa| saMpUrNa magadha meM unake itane vihAra phaila gae ki magadha kA nAma 'bihAra' par3a gyaa| hajAroM loga buddha ke upadeza se apanA jIvana sudhArakara sanmArga para lge| eka bAra bhikSA meM kucha ayogya anna milane se buddha ko atisAra kA roga ho gyaa| usa bImArI se buddha uThe hI nahIM / gorakhapura jile meM kasayA nAmaka eka grAma hai| vahA~ se eka mIla antara para mAthAkuvara kA koTa nAmaka sthAna hai, usake bAge usa kAla meM kusinArA nAmaka prAma thaa| vahAM bukha kA parinirvANa huaa| 25. uttara kriyAH unakI mRtyu se unake ziSyoM meM bahuta zoka chA gyaa|maanii ziSyoM ne sAre saMskAra anitya hai, kisI ke sAtha sadA kA samAgama

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fo buddha nahIM raha sakatA, isa viveka se guru kA viyoga sahana kiyaa| buddha ke phUloM para kahA~ samAdhi bA~dhI jAve isa viSaya para unake ziSyoM meM bahuta kalaha maca gii| Akhira una phUloM ke ATha vibhAga kie ge| unheM bhinna bhinna sthAnoM para gAr3akara unapara stUpa bA~dhe gae / ye phUla jisa ghar3e me rakhe gae the usa ghar3e para aura unakI citA ke koyaloM para bhI do stUpa bAMdhe gae / 26. bauddha tIrtha : phUla para bAMdhe hue ATha stUpa ina grAmoM meM haiM : rAjagRha (paTanA ke pAsa), vaizAlI, kapilavastu, allakappa, ratnagrAma, vedvIpa. pAvA aura kusinArA / buddha kA janmasthAna luMbinIvana (nepAla kI tarAI meM ), jJAnaprApti kA sthAna buddhagayA, prathamopadeza kA sthAna sAranAtha (kAzI ke pAsa ) aura parinirvANa kA sthAna kusinArA bauddha dharma ke tIrtha ke rUpa meM laMbe samaya taka pujate rahe / 27. upasaMhAra : aisI pUjA vidhi se buddha ke anuyAyiyoM ne buddha ke prati apanA cAdara prakaTa kiyaa| lekina unake khuda ke aMtima upadeza meM isa prakAra kahA huA hai : " mere parinirvANa ke bAda mere deha kI pUjA karane ke bakher3e meM na pdd'naa| maiMne jo sammArga batAyA hai usa para paDhane kA prayatna krnaa| sAvadhAna, udyogI aura zAMta rahanA / mere abhAva meM merA dharma aura vinaya ko hI apanA guru mAnanA / jisakI utpatti huI hai, usakA nAza hai yaha vicAra kara sAvadhAnI pUrvaka bartAva karanA / "

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prasaMga aura nirvANa 28. saccI aura mUThI pUjA: buddhadeva ke tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA kara hama unakI pUjA nahIM kara skte| satya kI zodha aura bAcaraNa ke lie usakA bAgraha, usake lie bhArI se bhArI puruSArtha aura unakI ahiMsA vRtti, maitrI, kAruNya Adi sadbhAvanAoM ko sabako apane hRdaya meM vikasita karanA caahie| yahI unake prati hamArA saccA bAdara ho sakatA hai aura unake bodha-vacanoM kA manana hI unakI pUjA aura yAtrA kahI jA sakatI hai| -

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TippaNiyA~ 1. siddhArthakI viveka-buddhi: jo manuSya hamezA Age bar3hane kI vRttivAlA hotA hai vaha eka hI sthiti meM kabhI par3A nahIM rhtaa| vaha pratyeka vastu meM se sAra-asAra zodhakara, sAra ko jAna lene yogya pravRtti kara asAra kA tyAga karatA hai| aisI sAgasAra kI calanI kA nAma hI viveka hai| viveka aura vicAra unnati ke dvAra kI cAbiyA~ haiN| kaI loga atyaMta puruSArthI hote haiN| ve bhikhArI kI sthitimeM se zrImAn banate haiN| samAja ke ekadama nicale stara meM se parAkrama aura buddhi ke dvArA TheTha UparI stara para pahuMca jAte haiM, aura apAra jana-prasiddhi prApta karate haiN| maTThara samajhe jAnevAle vidyArthI kevala gana aura udyoga se samartha paMDita ho jAte haiN| yaha saba puruSArtha kI mahimA hai| puruSArtha ke binA koI bhI sthiti yA yaza prApta nahIM hotaa| lekina puruSArtha ke sAtha yadi viveka na ho to vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vikAsa ko icchAvAlA manuSya jisa vastu ke lie puruSArtha kara rahA ho, usa vastu ko apanA atima dhyeya kadApi nahIM mAnatA; lekina use prApta karane ke lie jisa zakti kI jarUrata hotI hai use

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TippaNiyA~ prApta karanA hI usakA dhyeya hotA hai| dhana ko tathA prasiddhi kI vaha jIvana kA sarvasva nahIM mAnatA, lekina dhana aura prasiddhi prApta karanA bhAtA hai, vaha isa prakAra prApta kI jAtI hai, aura use isa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie, isI meM lage rahane para usake pAsa dhana kA itanA Dhera aura itanI loka-prasiddhi AtI hai jise dekha, anubhava kara vaha usakA moha tyAga detA hai; aura isake Age jo kucha hai, usakI zodha meM apanI zakti lagAtA hai| isase ulTe, dUsare loga eka hI sthiti meM jIvana paryaMta par3e rahate haiN| dhana ko athavA loka-prasiddhi ko yA usase milanevAle sukhoM ko hI sarvasva mAnane se donoM bhAra rUpa ho jAte haiM aura unheM samhAlane meM hI Ayu pUrI ho jAtI hai / itanA Dhera jamA karane para bhI usameM se vaha nahIM hI nikalate / dhana se aura bar3appana ke AdhAra para maiM hU~ aura sukhI hU~, aisA mAnakara vaha bhUla karatA hai / lekina aisA vicAra nahIM karatA ki mere dvArA, merI zakti ke dvArA dhana aura bar3appana AyA hai, maiM mukhya hU~ aura ye gauNa haiN| I kisI bhI kAryakSetra meM rahakara apanI zakti kA atyaMta nissIma vikAsa karanA iSTa hai / alpa-saMtoSa aura alpa-yaza se tRpti ucita nahIM, lekina kAryakSetra pradhAna vastu nahIM hai / kAryadvArA jIvana kA abhyudaya pradhAna hai, ise nahIM bhUlanA cAhie / 1 jo yaha nahIM bhUlate unheM kisI bhI sthiti meM vyatIta hue jIvana ke hisse ke lie zoka karane kI jarUrata nahIM

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hotii| unakA saMpUrNa jIvana unheM U~cA uThAkara le jAnevAle rAstepaisA lagatA hai| kAryakSetra pradhAna nahIM hai, isakA artha yaha nahIM ki pravRttiyAM pArabAra badalanI caahie| lekina pravRtti meM se apanI pratyeka zakti aura bhAvanA ke vikAsa para dRSTi rakhanA Avazyaka hai| dhana prApta karanA AtA hai to dAna karanA bhI jAnA cAhie; dAna se prasiddhi milI ho to gupta dAna meM nipuNatA prApta karanI cAhie / dhana para prema hai, to manuSya para bhI prema karanA AnA caahie| isa taraha uttarottara Age bar3hA jA sakatA hai| 2. siddhArtha kI mikpA-vRtti: ____ snAna Adi zaucavidhi, pavitratAse kiyA huA sAtvika bhojana, vyAyAma ina saba kA phaLa citta kI prasannatA, jAgRti aura guddhi hai| snAna se prasannatA hotI hai, nIMda ur3a jAtI hai, sthiratA bhAtI hai aura kucha samaya to mAno tyauhAra ke dina jaisI pavitratA mAlUma hotI hai / aisA sabakA anubhava hogA hii| aisA hI pariNAma zuddha anna Adi ke niyamoM ke mahatva se AtA hai| baAsapAsa kA vAtAvaraNa apane zarIra ra manapara burA asara na mala sake, isalie ina saba niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| lekina jaba ye bAteM bhulA dI jAtI haiM taba ina niyamoM kA pAuna hI jIvana kA sarvasva bana baiThatA hai ; sAdhana ho sAdhya ho jAtA hai. aura jaba aisA hotA hai taba unnati kI ora le jAnevAlI jIvana-naukA para yaha niyama jamIna taka pahuMce hue laMgara kI taraha

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TippaNiyA~ ho rahate haiN| gada meM aisA bhI hotA hai ki unase chUTane kI icchA rakhanevAlA unheM ekadama tor3a DAlatA hai| phira yaha niyama kusaMskAra, aprasannatA ajAgRti Adi ke sAmane kile ke samAna haiN| jisa samaya kile se bAhara nikalakara lar3ane kI yogyatA AtI hai| usameM par3e rahanA bhAra rUpa mAlUma hotA hai aura usI taraha jaba maitrI, karuNA, samatA, Adi udAsa bhAvanAoM se citta bhara jAtA hai taba una niyamoM kA pAlana prasannatA bhAdi ke badale udvega hI paidA karatA hai| vaha manuSya usa kile meM kaise raha sakatA hai ? citta kI prasannatA kA artha viSayoM kA AnaMda nahIM hai| bhogavilAsa se kaiyoM kA citta prasanna rahatA hai| cAya, bIr3I, zarAba mAdi se bahutoM kA citta prasanna hotA hai aura buddhi jAgRta hotI hai| kaI miSThAnna se prasanna hote haiN| lekina yaha prasannatA yathArtha nahIM hai, yaha vikAroM kA kSaNika AnaMda hai| jisa samaya mana para kisI taraha kA bojha na ho, usa samaya kAma se mukta hokara ghar3Ibhara ArAma lene meM jaisA akRtrima, svAbhAvika: AnaMda hotA hai, vahI sahaja prasannatA hai| 3. samAdhi isa zabda se sAmAnya rUpa meM loga aisA samajhate haiM ki prANa ko roka adhika samaya taka zava ke samAna par3e rahanA samAdhi hai| amuka eka vastu yA vicAra kI bhAvanA karate-karate aisI sthiti ho

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66 buba jAya ki jisase deha kA bhAna na rahe, zvAsocchvAsa ghImA athavA baMda ho jAya aura mAtra usa vastu athavA vicAra kA hI darzana ho, ise samAdhi zabda se pahacAnA jAtA hai| mArga ko haThayoga isa haThayoga kI Upara kahI huI sthiti ko prApta karane ke kahate haiM / siddhArtha ne kAlAma aura udraka dvArA samAdhi prApta kI thI, aisA mAlUma hotA hai| isa prakAra kI samAdhi se samAdhi-kAla meM sukha aura zAMti hotI hai| samAdhi pUrI hone para vaha sAmAnya logoM kI taraha hI ho jAtA hai / lekina samAdhi zabda eka hI artha meM prayukta nahIM hotA / aura siddhArtha ne apane hI samAdhi-yoga se apane ziSyoM ko zikSA dI hai / vaha haThayoga kI samadhi nahIM hai| jisa vastu athavA bhAvanA ke sAtha citta aisA tadrUpa ho gayA ho ki usake sivA dUsarA kucha dekhakara bhI usakA koI asara nahIM ho sakatA athavA sarvA usrIkA darzana hotA hai, usa viSaya meM citta kI samAdhi dazA kahAtI hai| manuSya ko jo sthira bhAvanA ho, jisa bhAvanA se vaha kabhI nIce nahIM utaratA ho usa bhAvanA meM usakI samAdhi hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie / samAdhi zabda kA dhAtvartha bhI yahI hai / udAharaNa se yaha vizeSa spaSTa hogA / 1 lobhI manuSya jisa jisa vastu ko dekhatA hai usameM dhana ko hI DhUMr3hatA rahatA hai| Usara jamIna ho yA upajAU, choTA phUla ho yA suvarNamudrA, vaha yahI tAkatA hai ki isameM se kitanA dhana milegA /

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TippaNiyA~ 67 jisa dizA kI ora vaha najara pheMkatA hai, usameM se vaha dhana prApti kI saMbhAvanA ko DhU~r3hatA hai| use sArA jagata dhanarUpa hI bhAsita hotA hai| jar3ate pakSiyoM ke paMkhoM, jAti-jAti kI : vitakiyoM aura khuDI Tekar3iyoM, nahareM nikAlane jaisI nadiyoM, tela nikAlane jaise ku~dhoM, jahA~ bahuta loga khAte haiM aise tIrthasthAnoM Adi sabako vaha dhana prApti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM utpanna huA mAnatA hai / cica kI aisI dazA ko choga samAdhi kaha sakate haiN| koI rasAyana zAstrI jagata meM jahA~-tahA~ rAsAyanika kriyAoM ke hI pariNAma rUpa sabako dekhatA hai| vaha zarIra meM, vRkSa meM, patthara meM, AkAza meM, saba jagaha rasAyana kA ho camatkAra dekhatA hai| aisA kaha sakate haiM ki usakI rasAyana meM samAdhi laga gaI hai / koI AdamI hiMsA se hI jagata ke vyavahAra ko dekhatA hai| bar3A jIva choTe ko mArakara hI jItA hai, aisA vaha saba jagaha nihAratA hai / " balavAna ko hI jIne kA adhikAra hai" aisA niyama vaha duniyA meM dekhatA hai| usakI hiMsA bhAvanA meM hI samAdhi laga gaI samajhanA cAhie / niyama para hI athavA vikRta phira koI AdamI sAre jagata ko prema ke racA huA dekhatA hai / dveSa ko vaha apavAda rUpa meM rUpa meM dekhatA hai| saMsAra kA zAzvata niyama- saMsAra ko sthira rakhanekA niyama- paraspara premavRtti hai, aisA hI use dIkhatA hai| usake citra kI prema-samAdhi hai /

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koI bhakta apane iSTa-deva kI mUrti ko hI aNu-aNu meM pratyakSavat dekhatA hai, usakI mUrti-samAdhi smjhie| isa prakAra jisa bhAvanA meM citta kI sthiratA huI ho usa bhAvanA ko usako samAdhi kahanA cAhie / pratyeka manuSya ko isa taraha koI-na-koI samAdhi hai| lekina jo bhAvanAe~ manuSya kI unnati karanevAlI haiM, usakA cica zuddha karanevAlI hai, una bhAvanAboM kI samAdhi abhyAsa karane vogya kahI jAtI hai| aisI sAtvika samAdhiyA~ jJAna-zakti, utsAha, Arogya, mAdi saba ko bar3hAnevAlI haiN| ve dUsaroM ko bhI AzIrvAda rUpa hotI haiN| unameM sthiratA hone para phira caMcalatA nahIM AtI; isake bAda nIce kI halakI bhAvanA meM praveza nahIM hotA / aisI bhAvanAeM maitrI, karuNA, pramoda, upekSA bAdi vRttiyoM kI haiN| eka bAra sthiratA se prANimAtra ke prati maitrI-bhAvanA hone para usase utarakara hiMsA thA dveSa nahIM hI hotaa| aisI bhAvanAoM aura zIloM ke abhyAsa se manuSya zAMti aura satya ke dvAra taka pahu~catA hai| mAnavoM ke isa prakAra ke utkarSa binA haThayoga kI samAdhi vizeSa phala pradAna nahIM krtii| isa prakAra samAdhi-lAma ke bAre meM bauddha-graMthoM meM bahuta sundara sUcanAe~ haiN| 1. samAja-sthiti saca dekhA jAya to pratyeka kAla meM tIna prakAra ke loga hote haiM: eka pratyakSa nAzavaMta jagata ko bhogane kI tRSNAvAle; dUsare

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TippANayA marane ke bAda aise hI kAlpanika hone se vizeSa ramya chaganevAle jagata ko bhogane kI tRSNAvAle ( aise loga ina kAlpanika bhogoM ke lie kAlpanika devoM kI athavA bhUtakAla meM hue puruSoM ko kalpanA se apane se vijAtIya svarUpa de unakI upAsanA karate haiN|); tIsare mokSa kI vAsanAvAle arthAt pratyakSa sukha, dukha, harSa, zoka se mukti kI icchAvAne nahIM, kiMtu janma aura maraNa ke cakkara se nivRtta hone kI icchaavaale| isase cauthe, saMta puruSa, pratyakSa jagata meM se bhoga bhAvanA kA nAza kara, mRtyu ke bAda bhoga bhogane kI icchA kA bhI nAza karate haiM tathA janma-maraNa kI paraMparA ke bhaya se utpanna huI mokSa pAsanA ko bhI chor3a jisa sthiti meM, jisa samaya ve hoM usI sthiti ko. zAMtipUrvaka dhAraNa karanevAle hote haiN| ve bhI pratyakSa ko hI pUjanevAle haiM, kintu inameM unakI bhogavRtti nahIM hai, kevaLa maitrI, kAruNya yA pramoda kI vRtti se ye pratyakSa guru aura bhUta prANI ko pUjate haiN| isa pratyeka upAsanA se manuSya ko pAra honA par3atA hai| kitane samaya taka vaha eka hI bhUmikA para TikA rahegA, yaha usakI viveka dazA para avalaMbita rahatA hai| 5. zaraNatraya: bhinna-bhinna nAma se isa zaraNa-traya kI pratyeka sampradAya ne mahimA svIkAra kI hai| inakA zaraNa yaha hai ki ye zaraNa-praya svAbhA

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vika hI haiN| guru meM niSThA, sAdhana meM niSThA caura gurumAiyoM meM prIti athavA saMta-samAgama / isa tripuTI ke binA kisI puruSa kI unnati nahIM hotii| bauddha zaraNa-traya ke pIche yahI bhAvanA rahI hai| svAmInArAyaNa sampradAya meM ina tIna bhAvanAoM ko nizcaya ( sahajAnaMda svAmI meM niSThA), niyama (sampradAya ke niyamoM kA pAlana) aura pakSa (satsaMgiyoM ke prati baMdhu-bhAva ) ina nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA hai| buddha zaraNaM gacchAmi-isa zaraNa kI yathArthatA to vAstavika rUpa meM taba hI thI jaba buddha pratyakSa the| apane gurukI pUrNatA ke viSaya meM dRr3ha zraddhA na ho to ziSya U~cA uTha nahIM sktaa| jaba taka brahmaniSTha guru kI prApti na ho taba taka hI mumukSu ko kisI devAdika ke prati yA bhUtakAlIna avatAroM kI bhakti meM rasa AtA hai| guruprApti ke bAda guru hI parama daivat paramezvara banate haiN| veda dharmoM meM arthAt anubhava athavA jJAna ke AdhAra para race hue samasta dharmoM meM guru ko ho sarvazreSTha daivata mAnA hai| . lekina jaba-jaba koI guru sampradAya sthApita kara jAte hai taba pratyakSa guru kI upAsanA meM se parokSa avatAra yA deva kI upAsanA meM ve sampradAya utara par3ate haiN| samaya bItane para AdyasthApaka paramezvara kA sthAna prApta karatA hai aura vaha apanA tAraka hai isa bhaddhA kI nIMva para sampradAya kI racanA hotI hai| usake bAda isa prathama zaraNa kI bhAvanA bhinna hI svarUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| ye tIna zaraNa AdhyAtmika mArga meM hI upakArI haiM yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie / koI bhI saMsthA yA pravRtti netA yA bhAcArya ke prati

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TippaNiyA~ zraddhA, unake niyamoM kA pAlana aura unase sambaddha dUsaroM ke prati bandhubhAva binA yazasvI nahIM ho sakatI / " apanI saMsthA kA abhimAna " ina zabdoM meM hI ye tIna bhAvanAe~ piroI huI haiM, aura isI se Upara kahA hai ki yaha zaraNatraya svAbhAvika hai / vartamAna kAla meM guru bhakti ke prati upekSA yA anAdara kI vRtti kaI sthAnoM para dekhane meM AtI hai| unnati kI icchA rakhanevAle ko yaha vRtti svIkAra karane ke lAlaca meM nahIM par3anA cAhie / AryavRtti ke dharma anumatra ke mArga haiN| anubhava kabhI bhI vANI se batAye nahIM jA sakate / pustakeM isase bhI kama batAtI haiN| pustakoM se sArA jJAna prApta hotA ho to vidyArthiyoM ke mULAkSara, bArahakhar3I aura sau yA hajAra taka aMka sIkhane para zAlAe~ baMda kI jA sakatI haiM; lekina pustaka kabhI bhI zikSaka kA sthAna nahIM le sakatI; vaise hI zAstra bhI anubhavI saMtoM kI samAnatA nahIM kara sakate / .: 1 phira bhakti, pUjyabhAva, Adara--yaha manuSya kI svAbhAvika vRtti / thor3e-bahuta aMzoM meM saba meM vaha rahatI hai| jaise-jaise vaha parokSa athavA kalpanAoM meM se nikala pratyakSa meM utaratI hai, vaise-vaise vaha pUrNatA ke adhika samIpa pahu~catI hai| aisI pratyakSa bhakti kI bhUkha pUrI-pUrI prakaTa hone aura usakI tRpti hone para hI nirAlaMba zAMti kI dazA para pahu~ca jAtA hai| gurubhakti ke sivA isa bhUkha kI pUrIpUrI tRpti nahIM ho sakatI / mAtApitA pratyakSa rUpa se pUjya haiM lekina unake prati apUrNatA kA mAna hone se unakI acchI taraha bhakti karane para bhI bhakti kI bhUkha raha jAtI hai| aura use pUrI karane ke lie jaba taka sadguru kI prAptiHna ho taba taka manuSya ko parokSa devAdi kI sAdhanA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| isa taraha guru jJAna

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'' 72 buddha prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai yA nahIM isa vicAra ko eka tarapha rakhe to bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake binA manuSya kI bhakti kI bhAvanA kA pUrNa vikAsa hokara usake bAda kI bhAvanA meM praveza nahIM ho sakatA | 6. varNa kI samAnatA : meM varNa vyavasthA honA eka bAta hai aura varNa meM U~canIcapana kA abhimAna honA dUsarI bAta hai| varNa-vyavasthA ke viruddha kisI saMta ne Apatti nahIM kii| vidyA kI, zastra kI, artha kI yA kalA kI upAsanA karanevAle manuSyoM ke samAja meM bhinna-bhinna karma hoM isameM kisI ko Apatti karanA bhI nahIM hai| lekina una karmoM ko lekara jaba U~ca-nIca ke bheda DAla varNa kA abhimAna kiyA jAtA hai taba una ke viruddha saMta kaTAkSa karate hI haiN| usa abhimAna ke viruddha pukAra karanevAle kevala buddha hI nahIM haiN| zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, jJAnezvara, nAmadeva, ekanAtha, tukArAma, vallabhAcArya, caitanyadeva, nAnaka, kabIra, narasIha mehatA, sahajAnaMda svAmI Adi koI bhI saMta varNa ke abhimAna para prahAra kie binA nahIM rahe / inameM se bahutoM ne apane lie to cAlU rur3hiyoM ke bandhana ko bhI kATa DAlA hai / saba ne ina rUr3hiyoM ko tor3ane kA Agraha nahIM kiyA hai| isake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM: eka isa prema-bhAvanA ke bala se svayam ko ina niyamoM meM rahanA azakya lgaa| isa bhAvanA ke vikAsa ke binA una rivAjoM kA bhaMga jarA bhI bAbhadAyaka nahIM, tathA dUsare, rUr3hiyoM ke saMskAra itane balavAna hote haiM ki ve sahaja hI jIte nahIM jA sakate |

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ma hA vIra

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'mahAvIra sambandhI spaSTIkaraNa 'mahAvIra kA caritra cAhie utanA vistAra pUrvaka nahIM likhA jA sakA, isakA kheda hai| triSaSTizalAkA puruSa meM inakA jIvana vistAra pUrvaka hai, kintu isameM die gae vRttAntoM meM kitane sacce haiM, yaha zaMkAspada hai| 'bhAjIvara ityAdikI bAteM ikatarphI aura sAmpradAyika sagar3o segI huI lAtI hai| jainadharmakA hindustAna meM jo mahatva hai, use dekhate hue mahAkAra viSayaka vizvasanIya sAmagrA thor3I hI mila sakatI hai, yaha zocanIya bAta jainadharma ke tatvazana ko samajhAnA isa pustaka kA uddezya nahIM hai, isIlie isa carcA meM maiM utarA nahIM huuN| isa kAraNa 'mahAvIra' kA bhAga bahuta choTA lagatA hai, phira bhI jitanA hai vahI isa mahApuruSa ko sacce rUpameM darzAtA hai, aisA maiM mAnatA isa bhAga meM paM. sukhalAlajI tathA bhI. ramaNIkalAla maganalAla modI:kI mujhe jo sahAyatA:milI hai, usake lie unakA AbhArI huuN| -ki0 gha.ma. (04)

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gR i sthA zra ma 1. janma : buddhadeva ke janma ke kucha varSo pahile magadha deza meM ikSvAku kucha kI eka zAkhA meM jainoM ke aMtima tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra kI jamma huA thA / unake pitA siddhArtha kSatriyakuNDa nAmaka gAMva ke rAjA the| unakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA thaa| ve tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita jainadharma ke anuyAyI the* / mahAvIra kA janma caiva sudI 13 ko huA thA / unake nirvANa kAla se jaina logoM meM vIra samvat kI * jaina dharma mahAvIra se pahale kA hai| kitanA pahale, yaha kahanA to kaThina hai, parantu mahAvIra ke pahale pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara mAne jAte the aura unakA sampradAya calatA thA / caubIsa buddha, caubIsa tIrthaMkara aura caubIsa avatAroM kI gaNanA bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNa ina tInoM dharmoM meM hai| isameM caubIsa buddhoM kI bAteM kAlpanika hI mAlUma hotI haiN| gautama buddha ke pahale bauddha dharma rahA ho, yaha mAnA nahIM jA sktaa| tIrthaMkaroM aura avatAroM meM RSabhadeva baise kitane nAma donoM dharmoM meM sAmAnya miLate haiN| tIrthaMkara neminAtha zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the, aisI jaina mAnyatA hai / ina sabhI bAtoM meM aitihAsika pramANa kitanA aura pIche se milAI huI bAteM kitanI, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai| kisI eka dharma ne caubIsa saMkhyA kI kalpanA prArambha kI aura dUsaroM ne usakI dekhAdekhI kI aisA pratita hotA hai| , -lekhaka (ha)

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76 - mahAvIra gaNanA hotI hai| vIra samvat vikrama samvat se 470 varSa purAnA hai| aisA mAnate haiM ki nirvANa ke samaya mahAvIra kI umraH 72 varSa kI thii| ataH unakA janma vikrama samvat se 542 varSa pahile mAnA ... jA sarvAMcA hai| 2. bAla svabhAva evaM mAtR-bhaki: mahAvIra kA janma-nAma vardhamAna thaa| ve :bacapana se hI atyanta mAtRbhakta aura dayAlu svabhAva ke the tathA vairAgya aura tapa kI bora unakI ruci thii| 3. parAkrama-priyatA: vardhamAna kI bAlyAvasthA meM kSAtrocita kheloM meM bahuta ruci thii| unakA zarIra U~cA, baliSTha aura svabhAva parAkrama-priya thaa| enhoMne bacapana se hI bhaya ko hRdaya meM kabhI sthAna nahIM diyaa| eka pAra ATha varSa kI umra meM kucha lar3akoM ke sAtha khelate-khelate ve jaMgala meM cale ge| vahAM unhoMne eka per3a ke nIce eka bhayaMkara sarpa ko par3hAnA dekhA / dUsare lar3ake use dekhakara bhAgane lge| lekina ATha varSa ke vardhamAna ne use eka mAlA kI zAha ThAkara pheMka diyaa| 4. vimalA ve jaise parAkrama meM apraNI the, vaise hI par3hane meM bhii| kahA jAtA hai ki varSa kI umra meM unhoMne vyAkaraNa sIkha TiyA thaa|

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5. vivAha sAta hAtha U~cI kAyAvAle vardhamAna yathAkAla taruNa hue| bAlapana se hI unakI vRtti vairAgya-priya hone se saMnyAsa hI unake jIvana kA lakSya thaa| unake mAtA-pitA vivAha karane ke lie Agraha karate, lekina ve nahIM karanA cAhate the| Akhira unakI mAtA atyaMta bAgraha karane lagI aura unake santoSa ke lie vivAha karane ke lie unheM samajhAne lgii| unake avivAhita rahane ke Agraha se mAtA ke dila meM bahuta dukha hotA thA aura vardhamAna kA komala svabhAva vaha dukha nahIM dekha sakatA thaa| isalie anta meM unhoMne mAtA ke saMtoSa ke lie yazodA nAma kI eka rAjaputrI ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| jisase priyadarzanA nAmaka eka kanyA huii| mAge jAkara isa kanyA kA vivAha jamAlI nAmaka eka:rAjaputra ke sAtha huaa| 6. mAtA-pitA kA avasAna: vardhamAna jaba 28:varSa kI umra ke hue taba unake mAtA-pitA ne jaina bhAvanAnusAra anazana brata karake deha-tyAga kiyaa| varSamAna ke bar3e bhAI nandivardhana rAjyArUr3ha hue| 7. gRha-tyAga: do varSa ke ho bAda saMsAra meM rahane kA koI prayojana nahIM hai, aisA socakara jisa saMnyAsI jIvanA ke lie unakA citta vyAkula ho rahA thA use svIkAra karane kATAhone nizcaya kiyaa|

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mahAvIra - - - unhoMne apanI sarva sampatti kA dAna kara diyaa| kezalocana karake pajya chor3akara kevala eka vastra se ve tapa karane ke lie nikala pdd'e| 8 vastrArtha dAna: dIkSA ke bAda jaba ve cale jA rahe the, taba eka vRddha mAmaNa unake pAsa Akara.bhikSA mAMgane gA / vardhamAna ke pAsa pahane hue pakSa ke atirika aura kucha na thA, ataH usakA bhI AdhA bhAga unhoMne bAmaNa ko de diyaa| brAhmaNane apane gA~va jAkara usake phaTe mAga kA pallA banavAne ke lie vaha vakSa eka tunanevAle ko de diyA . tunanevAle ne vastra kA mUlyavAna dekhakara brAhmaNa se kahA-"yadi isakA dUsarA bhAga mile to usake sAtha ise isa taraha jor3a dUM ki koI jAna na ske| phira use becane se bhArI mUlya milegA aura hama donoM use bA~Ta leNge|" usase lalavAkara brAhmaNa phira varSamAna kI khoja meM nikala pdd'aa|

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sAdhanA 1. mahAvIra pada : para ghara se nikalane ke sAtha hI vardhamAna ne kabhI bhI kisI. krodha na karane aura kSamA ko apane jIvana kA vrata [mAnane 'kA nizcaya kiyA thA / sAdhAraNa vIra bar3e parAkrama kara sakate haiM, sacce kSatriya vijaya mila jAne para zatru ko kSamA kara sakate haiM, lekina vIra bhI krodha para vijaya nahIM pA sakate aura jaba taka parAkrama karane kI zakti rahatI hai taba taka kSamA nahIM kara sakate / bardhamAna parAkramI to the hI, lekina sAtha hI unhoMne krodha ko bhI hi meM kiyA aura zakti ke rahate hue kSamA-zIla hone kI siddhi prApta kara hI / isIlie ve mahAvIra kahalAai / 2. sAdhanA kA bodha : ghara se nikalane ke bAda mahAvIra kA 12 varSa kA jIvana isa bAta kA uttama udAharaNa hai ki tapazcaryA kA kitanA umra se ubha svarUpa ho sakatA hai, satya kI zodha ke lie mumukSu kI vyAkulatA kitanI tIvra honI cAhiye, satya, ahiMsA, kSamA, dayA, jJAna aura yoga kI vyavasthitatA, aparigraha, zAMti dama ityAdi daivI guNoM kA utkarSa kahA~ taka sAdhA jA sakatA hai, tathA citta kI zuddhi kisa naraha kI honI cAhie / (79)

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mahAvIra -----------. . . . 3. nizcayaH usa samaya ke unake jIvana kA vistAra sahita vivaraNa yahA~ denA azakya hai| unameM se kucha prasaMgoM kA hI ullekha kiyA jA sakegA / apane sAdhanA-kAla meM unhoMne bAcaraNa sambandhI kucha bAta taya kI thii| pahalI yaha ki dUsare kI madada kI apekSA na rakhanA, apane puruSArtha aura utsAha se ho jJAna prApta karake mokSa paanaa| unakA abhiprAya thA ki anya ko sahAyatA se jJAna prApta ho hI nahIM sktaa| dUsarI yaha ki jo upasarga aura parIpahara upasthita hoM unase bacane kI ceSTA na karanA / unakA aisA abhiprAya thA ki upasarga aura papeSaha sahana karane se hI pApakarma kSaya hote haiM aura citta ko zuddhi hotI hai / duHkha mAtra pApa karma kA phala hai aura vaha jaya thA par3e to use dUra karane kA prayatna Aja honevAle duHkha ko bhaviSya kI bora Thelane jaisA hai| kyoMki phala bhoge. binA kabhI nistAra nahIM hotaa| 5. upasarga aura parISahaH isalie pAraha varSa unhoMne aise pradezoM meM ghUmate hue bitAye jinameM unheM adhika se adhika kaSTa ho| jahAM ke loga krUra, bhAtithya bhAvanAse vihIna, saM-drohI, garIboM ko trAsa denevAle, niSkAraNa - 1-dUsare prANiyoM dvArA upasthita vina evaM klesh| -naisargika aapti|

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jn| parapIr3ana meM Ananda mAnanevAle hote vahA~ ve jAna-bUjhakara jAte the| aise loga unheM mArate, bhUkhA rakhate, unake pIche kutte chor3a dete, rAste meM anucita masakharI karate, unake samakSa bImatsa AcaraNa karale aura unakI sAdhanA meM vighna ddaalte| kitanI hI jagahoM para unheM ThaMDa, tApa, jhaMjhA, varSA vagairaha naisargika kaSTa aura sarpa, vyAghra dhagairaha hiMsra prANiyoM dvArA upasthita saMkaTa bhogane pdd'e| jina bAraha varSoM kA vivaraNa upasarga aura parISahoM ke karuNAjanaka varNanoMse bharA huA hai| jisa dhairya aura kSamAvRtti se unhoMne ye saba sahe, use smaraNa kara svAbhAvika rUpa se hamArA hRdaya unake prati Adara se khiMca jAtA hai| unake jIvanacaritra se mAlUma hotA hai ki sarpa jaise vaira ko na bhUlanevAle prANI bhI inakI ahiMsA ke prabhAva meM bAkara apanA baira bhAva chor3a dete| lekina manuSya to sarpa aura vyAghra se bhI jyAdA parapIr3aka siddha hotaa| 5. kucha prasaMga: eka bAra mahAvIra morAka nAmaka gAMva ke nikaTa A phuNce| vahAM unake pitA ke eka mitra kulapati kA Azrama thaa| unhoMne bAzrama meM eka kuTI bAMdhakara mahAvIra se cAturmAsa sAdhanA karane kI vinatI kI / kuTI ghAsa kI banAI huI thii| varSA kA prArambha abhI nahIM huA thaa| eka dina kucha gAyeM Akara inakI tathA dUsaraM tApasoM kI kuTiyoM kI ghAsa khAne lgiiN| dUsare tApasoM ne to lakar3I se gAyoM ko hakAla diyA, parantu mahAvIra apane dhyAna meM hI sthira baiThe rahe / yaha nispRhatA dUsare tApasa na saha sake aura

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82 mahAvIra unhoMne kulapati ke pAsa jAkara kuTI kI ghAsa khAne dene ke bAre meM mahAvIra kI zikAyata kii| kulapati ne mahAvIra ko unakI isa kAparavAhI ke lie upAlambha diyaa| isase mahAvIra ko khayAla huA ki unake kAraNa dUsare tApasoM ke mana meM aprIti hotI hai. isalie unakA yahA~ rahanA ucita nahIM / usI samaya unhoMne nIce likhe pAMca vrata lie - (1) jahA~ dUsare ko aprIti ho vahA~ nahIM basanA / (2) jahA~ rahanA vahA~ kAyotsarga' karake hI rahanA (3) sAmAnyatayA mauna rakhanA (4) hAtha meM hI bhojana karanA aura (5) kisI gRhastha kI vinaya na karanA / saMnyAsa grahaNa karate hI inheM dUsare ke mana kI bAta jAna lene kI siddhi prApta huI / isa siddhi kA unhoMne kucha upayoga bhI kiyA / 6. digambara dazA : pahale varSa ke aMta meM eka bAra eka jhAr3I se jAte samaya unakA AdhA vA phauToM meM ulajha gayA / chide hue kapar3e ko nirupa 1 1 - kAyotsarga - kAyA kA utsarga / zarIra ko prakRti ke pradhIna karake dhyAnastha rahanA, usake rakSaNa ke liye kisI prakAra ke trima upAya jaise jhoMpar3I banAnA, kambala or3hanA, tApa lenA nahIM karanA / 2- apanI AvazyakatA ke liye gRhastha ke Upara avaDambita ra bahanA aura usakI Ajijro na karanA /

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sAdhanA yogI samajha kara mahAvIra Age bddh'e| uparyukta brAhmaNa ne yaha AdhA vA uThA liyA / mahAvIra isI dina se jIvana-bhara vastra-hita ' dazA meM vicaraNa karate rahe / 1 7. lAr3ha meM vicaraNa : mahAvIra ko sabase jyAdA parezAnI aura krUra vyavahAra kA sAmanA lAr3ha pradeza meM karanA par3A thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki ve vahA~ isaliye bahuta samaya taka phirate rahe kyoMki unhoMne suna rakkhA thA ki vahA~ ke loga atyanta AsurI haiN| 8. tapa kA prabhAva : mahAvIrakA svabhAva hI aisA thA ki ve prasiddhi se dUra hI rahanA cAhate the| kisI sthAna para adhika samaya taka ve nahIM rahate 1- -aba taka mahAvIra sAmbara - vastra sahita the / atha digambara hue isa kAraNa jainoM meM mahAvIra kI upAsanA ke do bheda ho gaye / jo sabakA mahAvIra kI upAsanA karate haiM ve zvetAmbara, jo nirvastra kI upAsanA karate haiM ve digambara kahaDAte haiM / digambara jaina sAdhu aba birale hI haiM / 2- khAda ko kitane hI loga chATa samajhate haiM aura aisA mAnate hai ki vaha gujarAna meM hai / lekina yaha nAma kI samAnatA se utpanna huI bhrAMti hai / vAstavika rUpa se abhI jo 'rADa' nAma kA bhAga-bhAgIrathI ke kinAre ke AsapAsa kA vaha baMgAla - jaha muzidAbAda, ajImagaMja haiM, vahI bAr3ha hai|

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the| jahA~ mAna milane kI sambhAvanA hotI vahAM se ve cala pdd'te| unake citra meM abhI bhI zAMti na thii| phira bhI unakI lambI tapazcaryA kA svAbhAvika prabhAva logoM para hone lagA aura unakI anicchA hone para bhI ve dhIre-dhIre pUjanIya hote gye| 9. antima upasarga: visa prakAra bAraha varSa vyatIta ho gye| bArahaveM varSa meM unako sabase kaThina upasarga huA / eka gAMva meM eka per3a ke nIce ve dhyAnastha hokara baiThe the| usI samaya eka gvAlA baika carAte hue vahA~ aayaa| kisI kArya kA smaraNa hone se bailoM ko mahAvIra ke supurda kara vaha gA~va meM gyaa| mahAvIra dhyAnastha the| unhoMne gvAle kA kahA kucha sunA nhiiN| lekina gvAle ne unake mauna ko sammati mAna lii| baila carate-carate dUra cale gye| thor3I dera bAda gvAlA Akara dekhatA hai to baila nahIM / usane mahAvIra se puuchaa| parantu dhyAnastha hone se unhoMne kucha nahIM sunA / isase gvAle ko mahAvIra para bahuta krodha AyA aura usane unake kAnoM para eka prakAra kA bhayaMkara AghAta kiyaa| eka vaidya ne unake kAnoM ko acchA kiyA, parantu prarUma itanA bhayAnaka thA ki atyaMta dhairyavAna mahAvIra ke mu~ha se bhI rAkha-kriyA ke samaya cIkha nikala par3I thii| 1-mUla meM likhA hai ki kAnoM meM khUTiyAM gA dii| lekina 'itanA to nizcita haiM ki coTa sakhta kI gii|

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sAdhanA 20, bodha-prApti : isa aMtima upasarga ko sahane ke bAda bAraha varSoM ke kaThora napa ke aMta meM vaizAkha sudI 10 ke dina jAmmaka nAmaka gAMva ke pAsa eka vana meM mahAvIra ko jJAna prApta huA aura unake citta ko zAMti milii| - -

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upadeza 1. pahalA upadeza : ____ jAmbhaka gA~va se hI 'mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza prArambha kiyaa| kama se hI baMdhana aura mokSa hotA hai| ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya, asteya aura aparigraha-ye mokSa ke sAdhana haiM, yaha unake pahale upadeza kA sAra thaa.| 2. daza sat dharmaH saba dharmo kA mUla dayA hai, parantu dayA ke pUrNa utkarSa ke liye kSamA, namratA, saralatA, pavitratA, saMyama, saMtoSa, satya, tapa, brahmacarya aura amarigraha-ina daza dharmoM kA sevana karanA caahiye| inake kAraNa aura lakSaNa isa prakAra :- (1) kSamA-rahita manuSya davA kA pAlana acchI taraha nahIM kara sakatA; isalie kSamA karane meM tatpara manuSya dharma kI uttama rIti se sAdhanA kara sakatA hai| (2) sabhI sadguNa vinaya ke vaza meM haiM aura vinaya namratA se AtI hai| isalie jo vyakti namra hai yaha sarvaguNa sampanna ho jAtA hai| (3) saralatA ke binA koI vyakti zuddha nahIM ho sktaa| azuddha jIva dharma kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| dharma ke binA mokSa nahIM milatA aura mokSa ke binA sukha nhiiN| (4) isalie saranA ke binA pavitratA nahIM aura pavitratA ke binA mokSa nahIM / (5-6) (86)

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upadeza viSaya sukha ke tyAga se jinhoMne bhaya tathA rAga-dveSa kA tyAga kara diyA ho, aise tyAgI puruSa nirbaMdha ( saMyamI aura saMtoSI ) kahalAte haiN| (7) cAra prakArakA satya yAnI tana, mana aura vacana kI ekatA rakhanA aura pUrvApara aviruddha vacana kA uccAraNa karanA hai| (8) upavAsa, Unodara ( AhAra meM do-cAra kaura kama lenA ) AjIvikA kA niyama, rasa-tyAga, zItoSNAdi ko samavRtti se sahanA aura sthirAsana rahanA -- cha: bAhya tapa haiN| prAyazcitta, dhyAna, sevA, cinaya, kAyotsarga aura svAdhyAya - ye chaH AbhyaMtara tapa haiM / (6) mana, vacana, kAyA se sampUrNa saMyamapUrvaka rahanA brahmacarya hai / (10) nispRhatA hI aparigraha hai| ina daza dharmo ke sevana se apane-Apa bhaya, rAga aura dveSa naSTa hote haiM aura jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| 3. svAbhAvika unnati paMtha : zAMta, dAMta, vrata, niyama meM sAvadhAna aura vizvavatsaka mokSArthI manuSya niSkapaTatA se jo-jo kiyA karatA hai, usase guNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| jisa puruSa kI zraddhA pavitra hai, usako zubha aura azubha donoM vastue~ zubha vicAra ke kAraNa zubha rUpa hI phala detI haiN| 4. ahiMsA paramodharmaH he muni' janma aura jarA ke dukha dekho| jisa prakAra tumheM 1- muni arthAt vicAravAn puruSa /

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mahAvIra mukha priya hai vaise hI sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai- aisA soca. kara kisI bhI prANI ko na:mAranA, aura na dUsaroM se hI mrvaanaa| logoM ke duHkha ko samajhanevAle sabhI jJAnI puruSoM ne muniyoM, gRhasthoM, rAgiyoM, tyAgiyoM, mogiyoM aura yogiyoM ko aisA pavitra aura zAzvata dharma batAyA hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI na hiMsA karanA, na usapara hukUmata calAnA, na usako apane adhIna karanA, aura na parezAna karanA cAhie / parAkramI puruSa saMkaTa Ane para bhI dayA nahIM chodd'te| 5.dAruNatama yuddha he muni ! aMtara meM hI yuddha kara / dUsare bAla-yuddha kI kyA jarUrata hai ? yuddha kI itanI sAmagrI milanA bar3A kaThina hai| 6. viveka hI saccA sAthI : ___yadi viveka ho to gA~va meM rahane meM bhI dharma rahatA hai aura vana meM rahane meM bhii| yadi viveka na ho to donoM nivAsa adharma rUpa haiN| 7. syAdvAda __ mahAvIra kA syAdvAda tatva-ciMtana meM bahuta bar3A avadAna mAnA jAtA hai| vicAra meM saMtulana rakhanA bar3A kaThina hai| bar3e-bar3e vicAraka bhI jaba vicAra karane baiThate haiM taba apane pahale se bane hue khayAloM ke AdhAra para calate haiM / vastutaH saMsAra ke sabhI vyavahAya siddhAnta, maryAdA yA artha meM ho macce hote haiM / bhinna maryAdA yA

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'. upadeza artha meM unase viparIta siddhAnta sacce hoM, yaha bhI ho sakatA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa "samI jIva samAna haiM" eka bar3I vyavahArya siddhAnta hai lekina usapara amala karane kI koziza karate hI yaha siddhAnta maryAdita ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha, jaba aisI sthiti mA jAya ki garbha aura mAtA meM se koI bhI eka bacAyA jA sakatA ho, samudrI tUphAna meM yadi jahAja TUTa jAya aura pApadkAlIna naukAe~ kAphI na hoM, taba yaha prazna uThe ki jitanI haiM unakA phAyadA pahale lar3akoM aura triyoM ko uThAne denA yA puruSa ko, bhUkha se maratA hulA bAgha gAya ko pakar3ane kI taiyArI meM ho, usa vakta yaha duvidhA paidA ho ki gAya ko chur3AnA yA nahIM- aise saba prasaGgoM meM saba jIva samAna haiM ke siddhAnta kA hama pAlana nahIM kara sakate / balki hameM isa taraha baratanA par3atA hai mAno saba jIvoM meM tAratamya hai, yaha siddhAnta hI sahI hai lekina isakA artha yaha huA ki 'sarva jIva samAna haiM' yaha siddhAnta amuka maryAdA aura artha meM hI saccA hai| yahI bAta aneka siddhAntoM ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| 8. AcAra-vicAra kI maryAdA : lekina bahuta se vicAraka aura bhAcAraka isa maryAdA kA atireka karate haiM yA maryAdA ko nahIM mAnate haiM yA svIkAra karate hue bhI bhUla jAte haiN| pariNAmataH bAcAra aura vicAra meM matabheda yA jhagar3e hote haiM yA phira aisI rUr3hiyAM sthApita hotI haiM, jinakI tArIpha nahIM kI jA sktii|

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2. mahAvIra 1. syAvAda kI dRSTiyA~: pratyeka viSaya para baneka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| sambhava hai ki vaha eka dRSTi se eka tae kA dikhAI de aura dUsarI dRSTi se dUsarI taraha kA aura visalie pratyeka mujha manuSya kA yaha kartavya hai ki pratyeka viSaya kI pUrNarUpeNa parIkSA kare aura pratyeka dizA se usakI maryAdA kA patA lagAe / kisI eka hI dRSTi se khiMca kara vahI eka mAtra saccI dRSTi hai, aisA bAgraha rakhanA saMtulana dRSTi kI aparipakvatA prakaTa karatA hai| dUsare pakSa kI dRSTi ko samajhane kA prayatna karanA aura uma pakSa kI dRSTi kA khaMDana karane kA haTha rakhane kI apekSA kisa dRSTi se usakA kahanA saca ho sakatA hai, yaha zodhane kA prayatna karanA saMkSepa meM yahI syAdvAda hai, aisA maiM samajhatA hU~, syAd arthAt 'aisA bhI ho sakatA hai| isa vicAra ko anumodana karanevAlA mata syAdnAda hai| satyazodhaka meM aisI vRtti kA honA Avazyaka hai| 10 sthAvAda kI maryAdA : syAdvAda kA artha yaha nahIM ki manuSya ko kisI bhI viSaya sambandha meM kisI bhI nizcaya para pahuMcanA hI nahIM, balki vaha to 1-isake vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekhie zrI narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mehatA kA darzanoM ke abhyAsa meM rakhane yogya madhyasthatA' sambandhI lekha (prasthAna, pu.da. pRSTha 331-338)

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upadeza yaha hai ki maryAdita siddhAnta ko amaryAdita samajhane kI bhUjana karanA tathA maryAdA nizcita karane kA prayatla krnaa| 11. gyAraha gautama __mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA bahuta pracAra karanevAle aura inakI atizaya bhakti-bhAva se sevA karanevAle pahale gyAraha ziSya the| ve sabhI gautama gotra ke mAdhaNa the| myArahoM jana vidvAn aura bar3ebar3e kuchoM ke adhipati the| sabhI tapasvI niiMkArI aura mumucu the| vadavikti karmakAMDa meM pravINa the| lekina unhoMne yathArtha zAna se zAMti nahIM pAI thii| mahAvIra ne unake saMzaya miTAkara unheM sAdhu kI dIkSA dI thii|

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uttara kAla 1. ziSya zAkhA : mahAvIra ne jaina dharma meM naI cetanA DAlakara usakI punaH pratiSThA kii| unake upadeza se janatA punaH jaina dharma ke prati AkRSTa huii| sAre deza meM phira se vairAgya aura ahiMsA kA nayA jvAra car3hane DhagA / bahutere rAjAoM, gRhasthoM aura striyoM ne saMsAra tyAga kara saMnyAsadharmaM prahaNa kiyaa| unake upadeza kI badaulata jaina dharma meM sahAra sadA ke lie banda huaa| itanA hI nahIM, usake kAraNa vaidika dharma meM bhI ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnA gayA aura zAkAhAra kA siddhAnta vaiSNavoM meM bahuta aMza meM svIkRta huA / 2. jamAli kA matabheda : saMsAra kA tyAga karane vAloM meM unake jAmAtA jamAli aura putrI priyadarzanA bhI thii| Age jAkara mahAvIra se matabheda hone para jamAla ne alaga paMtha sthApita kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kauzAmbI ke rAjA udayana kI mAtA mRgAvatI mahAvIra kI parama bhakta thI / bAda meM vaha jaina sAdhvI ho gaI thii| buddha caritra meM kahA gayA ki udayana kI paTarAnI ne buddha kA apamAna karane kI ceSTA kI thii| ho sakatA hai ki isa para se jainoM aura bauddhoM ke bIca matapaMtha kI IrSA ke kAraNa jhagar3e calate rahe hoM / (92)

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uttara kAla 3. nirvANa : . 72 varSa kI umra taka mahAvIra ne dharmopadeza kiyA, unhoMne jaina dharma ko nayA rUpa diyA / unake samaya meM pArzvanAthatIrthaMkara kA sampradAya cala rahA thaa| Age jAkara mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM ne apane matabheda miTAkara jaina dharma ko eka rUpaH kiyA thA aura taba se sabhI jainoM ne mahAvIra ko antima tIrthakara ke rUpa meM mAna liyaa| 72 veM varSa meM Azvina ( uttara hindustAnI kArtika ) baDhI amAvasyA ke dina mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaa| . 4. jaina sampradAyaH mahAvIra ke upadeza kA pariNAma unake samaya meM kitanA thA, yaha jAnanA kaThina hai| parantu usa sampradAya ne apanI nIMva hindustAna meM sthira kara rakkhI hai| eka samaya vaidikoM aura jainoM meM bhArI jhagar3e hote the| lekina Aja donoM sampradAyoM ke bIca kisI prakAra kA paira bhAva nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina dharma ke kitane hI tatva, vaidikoM ne vizeSa karake vaiSNava sampradAya aura paurANikoM ne isa zAnti se apane meM samA liye haiM aura isI taraha jainoM ne bhI dezakAla ke anusAra itane vaidika saMskAroM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai ki donoM dharmoM ke mAnane vAloM ke bIca prakRti yA saMskAra kA bahuta bheda baba nahIM rahA / Aja to jainoM ko vaidika banAne kI yA vaidikoM ko jaina banAne kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM hai| aura yadi aisA ho bhI to kisI dUsare vAtAvaraNa meM praveza karane jaisA bhI nahIM lgegaa| tatvajJAna samajhAne ke donoM ke alaga-aDaga bAda haiN| lekina donoM kA aMtima nizcaya eka hI prakAra kA hai.

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94 mahAvIra sAtha hI sAdhana mArga bhii| Aja kA vaidika dharma adhikatara mati mArgI hai| vahI hADa jaina dharma ke haiN| iSTadeva kI atyanta bhakti dvArA citta zuddha karake manuSyatva ke sabhI uttama guNa sampAdita kara aura anta meM unakA bhI abhimAna tyAgakara AtmasvarUpa meM sthira rahanA, yaha donoM kA dhyeya hai| donoM dharmo ne punarjanma ke siddhAMta ko svIkAra karake hI apanI jIvana-paddhati racI hai| sAMsArika vyavahAra meM Aja jaina aura vaidika dina-dina nikaTa samparka meM Ate jAte haiN| bahutere sthAnoM meM donoM meM roTI-beTI vyavahAra bhI hotA hai| phira bhI eka dUsaroM meM dharma ke viSaya meM atyanta ajJAna aura gairasamajha bhI hai| yaha to bahuta kama hotA hai ki jaina vaidika dharma, avatAra, varNAzrama vyavasthA Adi ke viSaya meM kucha na jAnatA ho, lekina jaina dharma ke tatva, tIrthaMkara ityAdi ko eka vaidika kA kucha bhI na jAnanA bahuta sAmAnya hai / yaha vAMchanIya sthiti nahIM haiN| sarva dharmoM aura saba graMthoM kA avalokana kara sarva matoM evaM paMthoM ke bAre meM nirvaira vRtti rakhakara, pratyeka meM se sArAsAra kA vicAra kara sAra ko svIkAra kara asAra kA tyAga karanA yaha pratyeka mumukSu ke lie Avazyaka hai| aisA koI dharma nahIM hai, jisameM satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya ityAdi ko svIkAra na kiyA gayA ho| aisA koI bhI dharma nahIM hai jisameM samaya samaya para azuddhiyoM kA praveza na huA ho / ataH jaise varNAzrama-dharma kA pAlana karate hue bhI midhyAbhimAna rakhanA ucita nahIM hai, vaise hI apane dharma kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI usakA mithyAbhimAna tyAjya hI hai /

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TippaNiyA~ 1. mAta-bhaktiH mAna aura sAdhutA meM zreSTha jagata ke mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacaritra dekhane se unake apane mAtA-pitA aura gurujanoM ke prati asIma prema kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita hotA hai| aisA dekhane meM nahIM pAtA ki bacapana meM atyanta prema se mAtA-pitA aura guru kI sevA karake AzIrvAda prApta nahIM karane vAle mahApuruSa ho sake haiN| rAma, kRSNa, buddha, mahAvIra, IsA, jJAnezvara, tukArAma, ekanAtha, sahajAnanda mvAmI, niSkulAnanda Adi saba mAtA-pitA aura gurujanoM ko devatA ke samAna samajhane vAle the| ye saba satpuruSa atyanta vairAgya-niSTha bhI the| kaI mAnate haiM ki prema aura vairAgya, donoM paraspara virodhI vRciyoM haiN| isa mAnyatA ke kitane hI bhajana hindustAna kI bhinna minna bhASANoM meM likhe hue milate haiN| isa mAnyatA ke joza meM sampradAya-pravartakoM ne premavRtti ko naSTa karane kA upadeza bhI kaI bAra kiyA hai| mAtA-pitA mUThe haiM', 'kuTumbojana saba svArtha ke sage haiN| kisakI mAM aura kisakA pitA ' Adi pratikA nAza karane vAlI padeza-dhArA kI apane dharma graMthoM meM kamI nahIM hai| isa upadeza-bArA ke prabhAva se kaI loga pratyakSa-bhakti ko gauNa mAnakara parokSa avatAra athavA kAlpanika devo kI jada-bhakti

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26 mahAvIra kA mahAtmya mAnakara athavA bhUkamarI vairAgya bhAvanA se prerita hokara kuTumbiyoM ke prati niSThura banate jAte haiN| yAvajjIvana sevA karate karate prANa chUTa jAyeM taba bhI mAtA-pitA aura guru-janoM ke RNa se.koI mukta nahIM ho sakatA-aise pUjanIya aura pavitra sambandha ko pApa-rUpa, bandhanakAraka athavA svArtha-pUrNa mAnanA bar3I se bar3I bhUlaHhai / isa bhUla ne hindustAna ke AdhyAtmika mArga ko bhI caitanya-pUrNa karane ke badale jar3a banA diyA hai| mahattA ko prApta kisI santa ne kabhI aisI bhUla yadi kI ho, to use bhI isameM se alaga honA par3A hai-apanI bhUla sudhAranI par3I hai| naisargika pUjya bhAvanA, vAtsalya bhAvanA, mitrabhAvanA Adi ko svAbhAvika sambandhoM meM batAnA, bhUla se azakya ho jAne ke kAraNa unheM kRtrima pati se vikasita karanA par3A hai| isIlie kisI ko - devI meM, pANDuraMga meM, bAla kRSNa meM, kanhaiyA meM, dvArikAdhIza meM, yA dattAtreya meM mAtR-bhAva, putra-bhAva, pati-bhAva, mitra-bhAva yA guru-bhAva bAropita karanA par3A athavA ziSya para putra-bhAva bar3hAnA par3A hai; parantu ina bhAvanAoM ke vikAsa ke binA to kisI kI * unnati huI nahIM hai| - vairAgya prema kA abhAva nahIM hai, kintu, prema-pAtra logoM meM se sukha kI icchA kA nAza hai| unheM svArthI samajhakara unakA tyAga karane kA bhAva nahIM, kintu unake sambandha ke apane svArthoM kA tyAga aura unheM saccA sukha pahu~cAne svayaM kI sampUrNa zakti kA vyaya hai| prANiyoM ke sambandha meM vairAgya bhAvanA kA yaha lakSaNa hai|

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lekina jar3a sRSTi ke prati vairAgya kA iMdriyoM sukha meM anAsakti / pA~coM viSaya nijI sukha-dukha ke kAraNa nahIM 1 aisA samajha kara isa viSaya meM nigaha hue binA prema-vRddhi vikAsa honA yA Atmonnati honA asambhava hai| prema to ho, lekina usameM viveka na ho to vaha ho jAtA hai| jina para prema hai, unheM saccA sukha pahu~cAne kI icchA aura phira usakA bhI kabhI viyoga hogA ho-isa satya ko jAnakara use svIkAra karane kI taiyArI aura prama hone para bhI dUsare kA pAlana-ye viveka kI nizAniyA~ haiN| aise viveka abhAva meM prema moha-rUpa khlaaegaa| 2. vAda : jo pariNAma hameM pratyakSa rUpa meM mAlUma hote haiM, lekina unake kAraNa atyanta sUkSmatApUrNa hone yA kinhIM dUsare kAraNoM se pratyakSa pramANa dvArA nizcita nahIM kiye jA sakate, una pariNAmoM ko samajhAne ke lie kAraNoM ke bAre meM jo kalpanAe~ kI jAtI hai, me bAda(Hypothesis theory ) kahalAte haiN| udAharaNArtha: hama roja dekhate haiM ki sUrya kI kiraNeM pRthvI taka bAtI haiM, yaha pariNAma hama para pratyakSa hai| kantu ye kiraNeM karor3oM mIloM kA asara kATakara hamArI A~khoM se kaise TakarAtI hai, itanI tez2a kima prakAzamAna vastu meM hI na rahakara Age kaise bar3hatI hai-isakA kAraNa isa pratyakSa 'rUpa se nahIM jAna skte| lekina, kAraNa ke binA kArya nahIM hotA vizvAsa hone para hama kisI bhI kAraNa kI kalpanA karane 1

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mahAvIraH . .. - prayatna karate haiN| jaise kiraNa ke bAre meM Ira' tatva kA Andolana prakAza ke anubhava aura vistAra ke kAraNa kI kalpanA detA hai| bAndolana kI aisI kalpanA 'vAI' kaho jAtI hai| ye, Andolana hai hI, yaha pramANoM se siddha nahIM hotaa| aisI kalpanA jitanI saraka aura saba sthUla pariNAmoM ko samajhAne meM ThIka hotI hai, utanI hI vaha vizeSa prAhA hotI hai| parantu bhinna-bhinna vicAraka jaba bhinnaminna kalpanAeM aura vAda racakara eka hI pariNAma ko samajhAte haiM, taba ina vAdoM meM matabheda paidA ho jAtA hai| mAyA-bAda. punarjanma vAda Adi aise vAda haiN| ye jIvana aura jagata ko samajhAnevAlI kalpanAe~ hI haiM, yaha nahIM bhUlanA caahie| jisakI buddhi meM jo cAda rucikara ho use svIkAra kara donoM ko samajha lene meM doSa nahIM hai| lekina isa vAda ko jaba pramANita vastu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, taba vAda-bheda ke kAraNa jhagar3e kI pravRtti vA jAtI hai| dharma ke viSaya meM aneka mata-paMtha apane vAda ko vizeSa sayuktika patAne meM mAthA-paccI karate rahate haiN| itane se hI yadi ve ruka jAte to ThIka hotA; lekina jaba una vAdoM ko siddhAnta ke rUpa meM mAnane para usase pratyakSa anubhava meM AnevAle pariNAmoM se bhina pariNAmoM kA tarka-zAba ke niyamoM se anumAna nikAlakara jIvana kA dhyeya, dharmAcAra kI vyavasthA, nIti-niyama, bhoga tathA saMyama kI maryAdAnoM jAdi kI racanA kI jAtI hai, taba to kaThinAiyoM kA anta hI nahIM rhtaa| jijJAsu ko prArambha meM koI eka bAda svIkAra tohI patA hai, lekina use siddhAMta mAnakara atyAgraha nahaM rakhanA

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cAhie / jisa kalpanA para sthita hoMge, vaisA hI anubhava bhI hogaa| citta meM aisA Azcarya hai| jo vyakti apane ko rAjA mAnatA hai usakI kalpanA itanI hada ho jAtI hai ki vaha apane meM rAjApana kA anubhava karane laga jAtA hai| lekina kApanA yA vAda kA yaha sAkSAtkAra satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hai| kisI vAda yA kalpanA se bhinna anubhava hI satya hai| isa taraha vicAra karane para mAlUma hogA ki mitratA kA mukha'. pratyakSa hai, vairAgya kI zAnti pratyakSa hai, mAtA-pitA yA guru kI sevA kA zubha pariNAma pratyakSa hai, mAtA-pitA-guru Adi ko kaSTa dene para honevAlI tiraskAra-pAtratA pratyakSa hai| aisA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM ki svarga-sukha parokSa hai, mokSa (mRtyu ke pazcAt janma-rahita avasthA) sukha parokSa hai, kintu prathama ( nirvAsanA aura nispRhatA) kA sukha to pratyakSa hai|

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buddha aura mahAvIra (samAlocanA)

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buddha aura mahAvIra (samAlocanA) 1. janma-maraNa se mukti : . buddha aura mahAvIra Arya-saMbhoM kI prakRti ke do minna svarUpa haiN| saMsAra meM sukha-dukha kA sarako jo anubhava hotA hai, vaha satkarma aura duSkarma ke pariNAma svarUpa hI hai, aisA spaSTa dIkha par3atA hai| sukha-dukha ke jina kAraNoM ko deMDhA nahIM jA sakatA, ve bhI kisI kAla meM hue ko ke ho pariNAma ho sakate haiN| maiM nayA aura na hoU~gA, airA mujhe nahIM lagatA / isa para se isa janma ke pahale maiM kahIM na kahIM thA aura mRtyu ke bAda bhI merA astitva rahegA, usa samaya bhI maiMne karma kie hI hoMge aura ve hI mere jisa janma ke sukha-dukha ke kAraNa hone caahie| ghar3I kA lAlaka jisa taraha dAyeM-bAyeM jhUlatA rahatA hai, uso taraha maiM janma aura maraNa ke bIca jhUlanevAlA jIva huuN| karma ko cAbI se isa lolaka ko gati miLatI hai ora milatI rahatI hai| jaba taka cAbI bharI huI hai taba taka maiM isa phere se chUTa nahIM sktaa| aisa janma-maraNa ke phere kI sthiti duHkhakAraka hai| isameM kabhI-kabhI sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, lekina vaha atyaMta kSaNika hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki vahI puna, bhakSA lagane meM kAraNa rUpa bananA hai aura usakA pariNAma duHkha hI hai| mujhe isa duHkha ke mArga se chUTanA hI caahie| kisI bhI taka isa cAbI ko banda karanA hI caahie| isa taraha kI vicAramApa

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se preraNA pAkara kaI Arya-puruSa janma-maraNa ke phere se chUTane mokSa prApta karane ke vividha prayatna karate haiN| jaise bane vaise karma ko cAcI ko khatma karane kA ye prayatna karate haiN| AyoM meM se kaI eka mumukSugaNa punarjanma bAda se uttejita ho mokSa kI khoja meM DhaMga haiN| aisI khoja meM jinheM jisa-jisa mArga se zAti miThI-janma-maraNa kA bhaya dUra huA, unhoMne usa usa mArga kA pracAra kiyaa| ina at kI khoja se aneka prakAra ke darzana -zAstra paidA hue| mahAvIra kisI prakAra kI prakRti kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| 2. duHkha se mukti : . buddha kI prakRti isase bhinna hai| janma se pahale ko aura mRtyu ke bAda kI sthiti kI ciMtA karane kI jinheM utsukatA nahIM hai| yadi janma duHkha rUpa ho to bhI jisa janma ke duHkha to sahana kara Fan kie ge| punarjanma hogA to isa janma ke sukRta aura - duSkRta anusAra bAvegA isalie yahI janma bhAvI janma kA kahie yA mokSa kA kahie, sabakA AdhAra hai| isa janma ko sudhArane para bhAvI janmoM kI ciMtA karane kI koI jarUrata nhiiN| kyoMki isa janma ko sudhAranevAle kA dUsarA janma yadi isase burA bAve taba to yahI kahanA hogA ki satkarma kA phala duHkha hai / yaha mAnA nahIM jA sakatA / ataH isa jIvana ke pA~ca duHkha hI anivArya rUpa se zeSa rahate haiM : jarA, vyAdhi, mRtyu, iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-saMyoga / isake atirikta tRSNA ke kAraNa bhI sukha-duHkha bhogane meM Ate haiN| yadi khoja karane jaisA kucha ho to ina duHkhoM se chUTane kA mArga ho i

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104 buddha aura mahAvIra sakatA hai| jagata kI sevA karanI ho to isI viSaya meM karanI caahie| ina vicAroM se preraNA lekara ina duHkhoM ko davAI yA ilAja khojane ke lie ve nikala par3e ki ina duHkhoM se mukta hoU aura saMsAra ko chur3Akara sukhI kruuN| dIrgha kALa taka prayatna karane para unhoMne dekhA ki pahale pAMca du:kha anivArya haiN| unheM sahana karane ke lie mana ko balavAna kie binA dUsarA koI mArga nahIM ho sakatA; lekina dUsare duHkhoM kA, unakA tRSNA se paidA hone ke kAraNa nAza karanA saMbhava hai / yadi dUsarA janma lenA par3A to tRSNA ke kAraNa ho lenA par3egA / mana ke ciMtana ko sadA ke lie rokA nahIM jA sakatA / saviSaya meM na lagane para vaha vAsanAoM ko ekatra kiyA karegA / isalie use saviSaya meM lagAe rakhane kA prayatna karanA cAhie, yahI puruSArtha hai| isase sAtvika vRtti kA sukha aura zAMti pratyakSa rUpa se milegI; dUsare prANiyoM ko sukha milegA; mana tRSNA meM nahIM daur3egA aura usase saMsAra kI sevA hogii| tRSNA hI punarjanma kA kAraNa hai, yadi yaha bAta satya hai to mana ke vAsanArahita ho jAne para punarjanma kA Dara mAnane kI jarUrata nahIM rahatI / 'dhuvaM janma mRtasya ca' yaha bAta ThIka ho to bhI sadviSayoM meM lage hue mana ko ciMtA karane ko jarUrata nahIM hai| isa janma meM jo pA~ca anivArya duHkha haiM unake atirikta chaThavA~ koI duHkha dUsare janma meM AnevAlA nahIM hai / ina duHkhoM ko sahana karane kI Aja yadi taiyArI ho to phira dUsare janma meM bhI sahana karane par3eMge, isa ciMtA se ghabarAne kI jarUrata nahI / isalie janma-maraNa Adi duHkhoM kA bhaya chor3akara mana ko zubha pravRtti aura zubha vicAra Adi meM lagA

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'samAlocanA denA yaha zAMti kA nizcita mArga hai / isI mArga ko vizeSa vistAra pUrvaka samajhA kara buddha ne Arya-aSTAMgika mArga kA upadeza kiyaa| 3, icchAvAla hI dukhI haiM: .... jo sukha kI icchA karate haiM ve hI duHkhI haiN| jo svarga kI vAsanA rakhate haiM, ve hI niSkAraNa naraka-yAtanA bhogate haiN| jo mokSa kI vAsanA rakhate haiM, ve hI apane Apako baddha pAte haiN| jo duHkha kA svAgata karane ko hamezA taiyAra haiM, ve sadA hI zAMta haiN| jo satata sadvicAra aura satkArya meM tallIna haiM, aise ke lie yaha janma bhAyA yA dusaraM hajAroM janma Ave to bhI kyA citA ? na vaha punarjanma kI icchA rakhatA hai aura na usase DaratA hI hai : jo sukhI prANiyoM ke prati sadA maitrI-bhAva aura dukhiyoM ke prati karuNA rakhatA hai. puNyAtmA ko dekha AnaMdita hotA hai, aura pApiyo ko sudhAra bhI na sake to unake lie kama-se-kama dayA-bhAva yA ahiMsA vRtti rakhatA hai, usake lie saMsAra meM bhayAnaka kyA hai ? usakA jIvana saMsAra ke lie bhAra-rUpa kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? itane para bhI kimI ke mana meM usake prati matsara bhAvanA paidA ho to vaha use vyAdhi, maraNa, iSTa-ciyoga tathA aniSTa-saMyoga ke atirikta dUsarA kauna-sA duHkha de sakatA hai ? vicAroM kI isI koI bhUmikA para dRr3ha hokara buddha tathA mahAvIra ne zAMti prApta kii| 4. satyakI jijJAsA: ___ ina donoM prayatnoM meM satyAnveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hotI hI hai| jagata kA satya-tattva kyA hai ? 'maiM-maiM' dvArA isa deha ke bhItara

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206 jo mAna huA karatA hai, vaha 'maiM' kauna hU~ ? kyA hU~ ? kaisA hU~ ? yaha jagata kyA hai ? merA aura jagata kA pArasparika sambandha kyA hai ? Upara likhI do prakRtiyoM ke alAvA eka tIsarI prakRti ke kitane hI AyoM ne satya-tatva kI khoja kA prayatna kiyA; lekina jisa prakAra bIja ko jAnane se vRkSa kA pUrA jJAna nahIM hotA athavA vRkSa ko jAnane se bIja kA anumAna nahIM hotA; usI prakAra kevala aMtima satya-tatra ko jAnane se saccI zAMti prApta nahIM hotI aura Upara ullikhita ( buddha mahAvIra kI ) bhUmikA para bArUr3ha hone ke bAda bhI satya tatva kI jijJAsA raha jAya to usase bhI azAMti raha jAtI hai| satya ko jAnane ke bAda bhI aMta meM UparavAlI bhUmikA para dRr3ha honA par3atA hai athavA usa bhUmikA para dRr3ha hone ke bAda bhI satya kI zodha bAkI raha jAtI hai| lekina jaise vRkSa ko jAnanevAle manuSya ko bIja kI zodha ke lie kevala phala kI Rtu Ane taka ke samaya kI pratIkSA karanI par3atI hai, vaise buddha - mahAvIra kI bhUmikA para pahu~ce hue ke lie satya dUra nahIM hai / buddha aura mahAvIra 5. nizcita bhUmikA : jamma-mRtyu ke phere se mukti cAhane vAle ko, harSa-zoka se mukti cAhanevAle ko, AtmA kI zodha karanevAle ko-sabakoanta meM, vyAvahArika jIvana meM Upara kI bhUmikA para AnA hI par3atA hai / citta kI zuddhi, nirahaMkAra, samasta vAdoM- kalpanAoM meM anAmaha, zArIrika-mAnasika yA kisI bhI prakAra ke sukha meM,

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Kadam samAlocanA nispRhA, dUsaroM para naitika sattA calAne taka kI anicchA, jo chor3I nahIM jA sakatI, aisI apane adhIna rahI huI vastu kA dUsare ke lie arpaNa, yahI zAnti kA mArga hai, isI meM jagata kI sevA hai, prANI-mAtra kA sukha hai, yahI utkarSa kA upAya hai| jaise kisI se kaheM ki isa-isa rAste cale calo, jahA~ yaha rAstA pUrA hogA, vahA~ vaha apane nizcita sthAna para pahu~ca jAyagA, vaise hI isa mArga para jAne vAlA satya-tattva ke pAsa A khar3A rhegaa| agara kucha bAkI rahe to vahAM ke kisI nivAsI ko pUcha kara vizvAsa bhara kara lene ki satya-tattva yahI hai yA nahIM? 6. vuddha prakRti kI viralatA: lekina aise vicAroM ko jagata pacA nahIM sktaa| vAdoM kI yA parokSa kI pUjA meM praviSTa hue binA, aihika yA pAralaukika kisI bhI prakAra ke sukha kI AzA ke binA, virale manuSya hI satya, sadAcAra aura sadvicAra ko lakSya kara usakI upAsanA karate haiN| pAdoM, pUjAoM aura AzAoM ke ye saMskAra itane balavAna ho jAte haiM ki buddhi ko inake bandhana se mukta karane ke pazcAt yI vyavahAra meM inakA bandhana nahIM chor3A jA sakatA aura aise AdamI kA vyavahAra jagata ke lie dRSTAnta rUpa hone se, ina saMskAroM ko jagata aura bhI dRr3hatA pUrvaka apanAe rahatA hai| 7. buddha-tIrthakaravAda aura avatAravAda: brAhmaNa dharma meM caubIsa yA dasa avatAroM, bauddhoM meM caubIsa buddhoM aura jainoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA poSita huI hai|

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108 buddha aura mahAvIra yaha mAnyatA sarvaprathama kisane utpanna kI, yaha jAnanA kaThina hai| lekina avatAravAda tathA buddha-tIrthakaravAda meM eka bheda hai| buddha yA tIrthakara ke tarIke se khyAti prApta karanevAle puruSa janma se hI pUrNa Izvara yA mukta hote haiM, yaha nahIM mAnA gyaa| aneka janmoM se sAdhanA karate-karate Aga huA jIva banta meM pUrNatA kI carama sIr3hI para pahu~ca jAtA hai| aura jisa janma meM isa sIr3hI para pahu~catA hai, usa janma meM vaha buddhatva yA tIrthakaratva ko pAtA hai| avatAra meM jIvapane kI yA sAdhaka avasthA kI mAnyatA nahIM hai| yaha to pahale se ho Izvara yA mukta hai aura kisI kArya ko karane ke lie irAdA-pUrvaka janma letA hai, aisI kalpanA hai| isase, yaha jIva nahIM mAnA jAtA, manuSya nahIM mAnA jAtA / yaha kalpanA bhrama utpanna karanevAlI sAbita huI hai aura isakA cepa thor3e bahuta aMzoM meM, bauddha aura jaina dharmo ko bhI lagA hai| isa taraha buddha aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyI bhI vAda tathA parokSa devoM kI pUjA meM phaMsa gae haiM aura jaise saMsAra cala rahA thA vaisA hI cala rahA hai|* * yaha saba sarva prakAra kI bhakti ke prati Adara kama karane ke bAzaya se nahI likhA gayA hai| apane jaise sAmAnya manuSyoM ke bie parAvalambana se svAvalabana kI ora, asatya se satya kI ora, ajJAna se jJAna kI ora jAne kA kramamArga hI ho sakatA hai; lekina dhyeya svAvalambana, satya aura jJAna taka pahu~cane kA honA cAhie aura bhakti kA uddezya citta-zuddhi hai, yaha nahIM bhUlanA caahie| (zeSa pRSTha 109 para dekheM)

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samAlocanA 109 pUrva kAla meM hue avatAra puruSa hamAre lie dIpa-gRha ke samAna haiN| ina kI bhakti kA artha hai, inake caritra kA dhyAna / inakI bhakti kA niSedha ho hI nahIM sakatA, parantu avatAra jitane prAcIna hote haiM, utanA hI unakA mAhAtmya adhika bar3hatA jAtA hai / yahIM bhUla hotI hai| apane samaya ke santa-puruSoM kI khoja karake unakI mahimA ko samajhane kI buddhi hamameM honI caahie| jagata jisa taraha asurarahita nahIM hai, usI taraha sam-hila bhI nahIM hai /

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ahiMsA ke nae pahAr3e mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma ki.gha. mazarUvAlA [pahalA bhASaNa paryuSaNa ke upalakSyameM aura dUsarA mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para diyA gayA hai| upayogI hone se lekhaka kI anumati pUrvaka yahA~ unakA hindI anuvAda diyA jA rahA hai|]

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ahiMsA ke naye pahAr3e 1. ahiMsA ke TrasTI : duniyA ke mahAna dharmoM meM se jainoMne apane Apako ahiMsA ke khAsa saMrakSaka (TrasTI) mAnA hai / ahiMsA ke kucha aMgoMkAkhAsakara khAna-pAna ke kSetra meM unhoMne bar3e jatana se poSaNa kiyA hai aura apanI vRttiyoM ko itanA komala banA liyA hai ki ve kisI jIva ke raktapAta kI kalpanA bhI nahIM saha skte| saikar3oM varSoM ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa hiMsA ke lie unake dikameM utkaTa Adara hai| aura aba unheM dalIleM dekara yaha samajhAne kI jarUrata nahIM rahI hai ki ahiMsA hI parama dharma hai / 2. viparIta dhAraNA : duniyA meM, aura hinduoM meM bhI aisI kaI jAtiyA~ haiM jo kahatI haiM ki "ahiMsA hamAre samajha meM nahIM AtI, vaha manuSyasvabhAva ke viruddha hai, vaha AtmaghAtaka siddhAnta hai| vaha zArI rika durbalatA aura mAnasika kAyaratA ko bar3hAnevAlI hai, bhusakA atireka ho gayA hai;" ityAdi ityAdi / ( 113 )

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bhASaNa - -- - - - 3. naI pIr3hI aura hiMsA: bahisA kI tarapha jhukAva hote hue bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jainoMpara-khAsakara jainoM kI naI pIr3hIpara-isa vicAra kA asara hI nahIM huA hai| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki jainiyoM kI naI pIr3hI ke vicAra meM "ahiMsA parama dharma to hai; parantu hiMsA ke lie bhI kucha sthAna to honA hI cAhie / yA phira muniyoM ke lie ahiMsA kI eka maryAdA honI cAhie aura saMsArI vyaktiyoMke lie dUsarI honI caahie| khAna-pAna ke kSetra meM bhI ahiMsA kI purAnI maryAdA nibAhanA aba asambhava hai|" kaI jainoM ke aba aise vicAra ho gaye hoNge| udAharaNa ke lie, jaina DaoNkTara aura bImAra honevAle kamI jaina vyakti kaoNDa-livara, livara tathA dUsare mAMsa-janya padArthoM aura vaiksina, aNDe Adi kA upayoga karane lage hoNge| unakA dila itanA kar3A to ho hI gayA hogA / yuddha jaise viSayoM meM jainiyoM meM, aura una logoM meM jinhoMne ahiMsA kA varaNa nahIM kiyA hai, bahuta vicAra-bheda hogA, isameM sandeha hai| daMgA-phasAda mA zatra kI car3hAI kA sAmanA bhI ahiMsAhI se karane kI gAMdhIjI kI sUcanA dUsare logoMkI taraha jainiyoM ko bhI avyavahArya aura bahiMsA ko ekAMgI sAdhanAse janme hue khabta ke jaisI mAlUma hotI ho, to Azcarya nhiiN| jaina granthoM meM se yaddha-dharma ke lie anukUla pramANa bhI khoja-khojakara peza kiye jAte haiN| 4. aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA kA nae sire se aura jar3a-mUla se punaHvicAra karanekI hama sabako AvazyakatA hai| Ajataka jina

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ahiMsA ke naye pahADe DIkoM meM calakara hama ahiMsA dharma kA vicAra aura bhAcAra karate Aye haiM una lIkoM se nikala kara svataMtra dRSTi se vicAra aura usake anurUpa AcAra kI khoja karane kI jarUrata hai| ... : 5. hiMsA-ahiMsA kI jA~ca: isa jamAne meM himA-ahiMsA ke prazna kI jA~ca vizeSa kara manuSyoM ke paraspara-vyavahAra ke kSetra meM karanA jarUrI hai| manuSyoM kA paraspara-vyavahAra hiMsAtmaka, basasyapUrNa aura azuddha rahe aura kevala gaMge prANiyoM ke prati vyavahAra taka hI hama apanI ahiMsA sImina rakheM, to usameM tAratamya-bhaMga kA doSa hotA hai / gAMdhIjI ne Aja jisa ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA Arambha kiyA hai, usakA kSetra manuSyoM kA paraspara-vyavahAra hai| / / 6. asvastha manuSya samAja sArI duniyA kA manuSya-samAja asvastha (becaina ) ho rahA hai| jisa asvasthatA kA kAraNa prakRti kA koNI mahAn kopa nahIM hai| zera yA siMha bhAdi jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA upadrava ekAeka bar3ha gayA ho, aisI bhI koI bAta nahIM hai| paran manuSyamanuSya ke paraspara-vyavahAra ke kAraNa hI Aja yaha parezAnI hai| manuSya hI manuSya ko mAratA hai, yaMtraNAe~ detA hai aura baneka prakAra meM pIr3A detA hai; aura isalie Aja sArA manuSya-samAja bar3e bhArI saMkaTa meM yA gayA hai|

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mASaNa 7. zoSaNa kI mAMga : __ yudaMgha kA dAvAna vo sabhI pratyakSa dekha rahe haiN| parantu isa dAMcAnaka ke nIce zoSaNa kI Aga dhadhaka rahI hai| baneka choTe manuSyoM ko cUsakara eka bar3A manuSya banatA hai aura aneka nirbala' prajAmoM ko cUsakara eka balavAna prajA ho jAtI hai taba ve IrSA ke kAraNaM eka-dUsare kA khUna bahAne para utArU ho jAtI haiN| khUna bahAne meM bhI zoSaka prajA kA apanA khUna nahIM bahAyA jAtA, kintu choTe-choTe durbala logoM kA hI saMhAra hotA hai| yadi hama isa bhayaMkara hiMsA ko roka na sake, to ubAmA huA aura sau bAra chanA humA jantuhIna pAnI aura saba prakArake saMkalpa chor3a kara ke prApta kiyA huA AhAra aura pUrI taraha sAvadhAnI se kiyA huA bhojana bhI hamArI ahiMsA ko tejasvI nahIM banA sktaa| 8. isalie hameM ahiMsA kA vicAra karane kI dizA hI badala denI caahie| yuddhoM kI hiMsA banda karanekA mArga hameM siddha karanA hI caahie| 9. yuddha kI spardhA byApAra : . jisa yugake yuddhoM kA vicAra karane se mAlUma hogA ki Aja ke yuddhoM ke pIche "tere rAjya se maiM apanA rAjya bar3hAkara dikhAU~gA," yaha purAne jamAne ke rAjAboM kI vyaktigata spardhA nahIM hai balki "tumhAre vyApAra se hamArA vyApAra bar3A hai," yaha prajAkIya spardhA hai| haraeka vyApArI aura vyApArI-jAti kI yahI mupada hai ki

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ahiMsA ke naye pahAre jitanI taraha ke kArakhAne khole jA sake utane khole. jitane udyoga bar3hAye jA sake utane bar3hAye, aura sArI duniyA meM apane hI mAla kI khapata karAye / haraeka ne eka eka bAjAra para kabjA kara kiyA hai| yaha kahanA galata na hogA ki Aja haraeka sAmrAjya isa prakAra ke vyApAriyoM kA saMgaThana hai| pratyakSa lar3AI bhI isa taraha vyApAra kA hI. eka viSaya ho rahI hai| kAraNa hAI kA sAja-saraMjAma bhI udyoga aura kArakhAne kI hI cIja hai aura usake jariye bhI bAjAroMpara kabjA kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaMgI havAI jahAja, moTareM, TaiMka, basa Adi sArI cIjeM vyApAra ke viSaya haiN| unakI khapata meM vyApArI kA phAyadA hai| isalie lar3AI zurU hone se aura jArI rahane se bhI vyApArI ko khuzI hotI hai| use aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki acchI kamAI kA maukA hAtha lgaa| 10. zAnti ke upAsaka hI hiMsaka isa dRSTi se dekhane se mAlUma hogA ki bAja kI hiMsA ke pApa ke liye pratyakSa ur3AI meM lar3anevAle sipAhiyoM kI apekSA vyApArI hI adhika jimmevAra haiN| phira bhI Azcarya to yaha hai ki vyApArI hamezA hI svabhAva se zAMti-priya mAne jAte haiN| unheM raktapAta, mArapITa Adi bilakula nahIM aatii| aura phira hamAre deza meM to vyApArI adhikatara jaina, vaiSNava yA pArasI hote haiN| tInoM zAMti ke upAsaka haiN| jaina aura vaiSNava to 'ahiMsA parama dharma' kI mANa japane vAle haiN|

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118 bhASaNa 11. vyApAra meM sudhAra H isakA sIdhA artha yaha hai ki manuSya-jAti ko apanA vyApAra durusta karanA hai| jhUThA-hiMsAmaya, adharmamaya vyApAra sameTa kara saccA-ahiMsA kA, dharma kA-vyApAra zurU karanA ucita hai| jina udyoga-vyApAroM se lAbha kI mAtrA bahuta bar3hatI hai, choTe vyakti aura nirbala prajA kA zoSaNa hotA hai aura lar3AI chir3ayA calatI rahe to acchA, aisI icchA hotI hai, una udyogavyApAroM ko baMda kara denA caahiye| 12. eka AdamI eka hI dhaMdhA kare: eka hI manuSya kA aneka prakAra ke udyoga-dhandhe karanA adharma hai / manuSya apane nirvAha ke lie koI bhI eka dhaMdhA khoja le| apanI sArI zakti aura pUMjI usI meM lagA de| parantu eka hI vyakti kA javAhirAta, kapar3A, lohA, tela kA kolhU. moTara aura anya savAriyoM Adi saba prakArake udyoga karanA binA adharma-karma ke nahIM ho sktaa| kyoki jisameM lobha kI koI maryAdA nahIM hai| aura jahA~ loma haivihA~ ahisA sambhava nahIM hai| 13. rupayA bAMjha hai: saca to:yaha hai ki rupayA pA~ma hai| eka rupayA sau varSa taka rakha dIjiye, to bhI usa rupaye se do abhiyA~ bhI paidA nahIM hoNgii| yadi usa rupaye kA upayoga hama na kara sake aura vaha dUsare ke hAya meM calA gayA, to bhI usameM usase do abhiyA~ paidA karane kI

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ahiMsA ke naye pahAr3e siphata nahIM aaegii| lekina usa rupaye ke bIja kharIda kara use boyeM yA kapAsa lAkara usapara mehanata karake use kAteM yA buneM yA kaccA mAla kharIda kara usameM se koI upayogI padArtha banAveM, to usa mehanata kI kImata do Ane yA cAra Ane A sakatI hai| yaha rupayA hamArA apanA mAnA jAtA hai, isalie hama usapara byAja mAMgate haiN| isakA yaha matalaba huA ki vyAja denevAlA apanI do AnekI mehanata meM se thor3A-sA hissA hameM de detA hai| hama khuda kisI prakAra kA udyama karane ke lie apane rupaye kA aistemAla nahIM karate yA karane kI icchA nahI rakhataM / koI mehanata-majadUrI karanevAlA kisAna, bunakara, kArIgara Adi na ho, to hamArA rupayA hamArI tijorI meM par3A rhegaa| rAjA yA cora agara use lUTa na le yA hameM usakA dAna karane kI sadbuddhi na ho, athavA hamAre ghara meM koI ur3AU lar3akA paidA na ho to hamAre putra kI vidhavA aura sAre kula ke nAza ke bAda rahI huI koI vidhavA zAyada use bhaijAkara duHkha kI ghar3I meM upayoga kara skegii| lekina binA bhaijAye yaha rupayA yadi sau varSa taka tijorI meM bhI par3A rahe to bhI usake savAsolaha Ane bhI nahIM hoMge; balki rAjya meM parivartana hone se usakI kImata ghaTa jAne kA sambhava alabattA rhegaa| 14. rupaye kA upayoga : saca pUchiye to hama apanA rupayA upajAU kAma meM na ugA sake aura isa kAraNa vaha par3A rahe aura luTa jAne yA curAye jAne

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120 bhASaNa . . kA Dara paidA kare, jisase behatara yaha hai ki koI udyogI aura ImAnadAra kArIgara usakA upayoga kare aura hameM jaba jarUrata ho taba loTA dene kA vAdA kre| yaha hamAre lAbha kI bAta hogii| rupaye kI rakhavAlI ke liye vaha thor3A-sA kirAyA mAMge yAne solaha thAne kI jagaha pandraha yA sAr3he pandraha Ane hI lauTAne kA vAdA kare to mI anucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kisI jamAne meM aisA hotA bhI thA / bar3e-bar3e sarAphoM ke yahA~ koI amAnata rakaga rakkhe, to usakA byAja deneke padale rakhavAlI ke lie ve baTTA lete the|aaj mI kaI saMsthAe~ choTI-choTI amAnatoM para vyAja nahIM detIM aura gahane-baratana samhAlane ke lie mehanatAnA letI haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki paise, jevara vagairaha kImatI mAnI jAnevAlI cIjeM yadi bhaijAkara kAma meM na lAyI jAya~ aura kevala samhAlanI hI par3eM to vaha eka jaJjAla hI samajhA jaaygaa| aisA jaJjAla svIkAra karanevAlA apanA mehanatAnA le le, to koI tAjjuba nahIM hai| paraMtu Aja to dhArthika racanA kI vicitra kalpanAoM ke kAraNa jo vyakti hamAre paMjI kI hiphAjata karatA hai aura usakA upayoga karatA hai, vaha hama se kirAyA mAMgane ke badale mAno usakA upakAra kara rahe haiM, aimI bhAvanA se hameM byAja detA hai| agara sArA dina mehanata karake paha rupaye ke mAla meM aThAraha Ane kI cIja banA le, to Upara ke thAnoM meM se hameM ghara baiThe kucha hissA de detA hai| aura halake halake yaha vyAja isa taraha bar3hatA jAtA hai ki mehanata-mazakkata karanevAle ko to eka jUna kA bhojana bhI nahIM mila sakatA, lekina hameM bAlIzAna makAna, ba~galA aura zahara ke sAre zoka prApta hote hai|

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ahiMsA ke naye pahAr3e * 14. vyAja aura munAphA : eka udAharaNa se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAyagI : bambaI ke kisI pharnicara banAnevAle bar3haI kA udAharaNa lojie / jisameM mukhya cIjeM to lakar3I, pAliza Adi thor3A-sA mAla aura bar3haI kI mehanata itanI hI haiN| lekina bar3haI ko aujAra cAhie, mAla rakhane ke Dhie dUkAna cAhie aura jabataka mAla bikatA nahIM hai, tabataka khAne ke lie khurAka caahie| usake pAsa aujAroM ke lie paisA nahIM hai / hama apane bace hue paise meM se use vyAja para paise dete haiN| usake pAsa lakar3I vagairaha kharIdane ke lie bhI paise nahIM haiN| usake liye bhI hama usako vyAja para paise dete haiM / mAla rakhane ke liye usake pAsa dUkAna nahIM hai| hama apane makAna kA khAlI himsA use kirAye para de dete haiN| jabataka mAla nahIM bikatA, tabataka ke liye usake pAsa khAnepIne kA sAmAna nahIM hai| hama use vyAja para paise dete haiN| bAda meM eka rupaye kI lakar3I vagairaha para sArA dina mehanata karake vaha eka kursI banAtA hai / hamAre pAsa abhI bahuta-sA paisA bAkI hai jisakiye hamArA jI kursI kharIdane ko cAhatA hai aura hama usakI pA~ca rupaye kImata dene ke liye bhI taiyAra ho jAte haiM / arthAt eka rupaye ke mAla para cAra rupaye kI mehanata kI gaI, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu hama yaha jAnate haiM ki bar3haI ko savA yA Der3ha rupaye se jyAdA rojI nahIM pdd'tii| taba bAkI ke DhAI yA paune tIna rupaye kise mile ? spaSTa hai ki vaha sUda, dUkAna kirAyA, khAne-pIne ke 1. sAmAna para naphA Adi ke rUpa meM hameM vApasa mile / isakA yaha artha huA ki bar3haI agara cAra rupaye kI mehanata kare, to usameM se pauna ' 121 "

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122 bhASaNa hissA use baiThe-ThAle sAthIdAroM ko denA par3atA hai| aura phira ina sAthIdAroM kA hissA sirpha naphe meM hI hotA hai, nukasAna meM nhiiN| 15. hama isa mArthika vyavasthA ke jitane AdI ho gaye haiM ki isameM nAmunAsiba kyA hai, yahI hamameM se bahuteroM ke dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / lekina yadi hama sIdhA vicAra kareM to hameM vidita hogA ki sone-cAMdI kA sikkA svayaM bAMjha hai| usameM naphA paidA karane kI zakti nahIM hai| jo adhika kImata milatI hai vaha majadUra kI mehanata kI hai| isalie vyAja ke mAnI hai kArIgara yA majadUra kI mehanata meM se liyA jAnevAlA hissaa| agara yaha hissA itanA bar3A ho ki hama usakI badaulata aiza-ArAma meM raha sakeM aura mehanata karanevAloM ko hamezA taMgI meM rahanA par3e, to usa vyavasthA meM hiMsA honI hI caahie| 16. ikkevAle ke ghor3e ko sirpha khurAka hI mila sakatI hai| dina bhara kI kamAI cAhe eka rupayA ho yA dasa rupayA ho, usake hisse meM koI pharka nahIM pdd'taa| usI taraha hamAre deza meM mehanatamajadUrI karanevAloM ko korI khurAka hI mila sakatI hai| acchI phasala yA bAjAra kI tejI kA use koI lAbha nahIM miltaa| 17. vyApAra kA yadi yaha Avazyaka lakpaNa yA pariNAma ho, no vaha vyApAra usa vyApAra ko nibAhanevAlI sAmAjika tathA rAjakIya vyavasthA aura AntarrASTrIya nIti tathA deza-rakSA kI mAmagrI, ina sabako hiMsA kI hI paramparA kahanA hogaa|

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mahiMsA ke naye pahADe 123 18. nae pahADe ye ahiMsA ke naye gurU yA pahAr3e haiN| hameM apane vyApAra meM inake AdhAra para hisAba karanA sIkhanA caahie| agara manuSyasamAja ke vyavahAra meM hamane inheM dAkhila nahIM kiyA to choTe-choTe jIvoM kI rakSA kI jo hama cintA karate haiM vaha, aura hamArI sArI dAna-vRtti ahisA kA majAka ho sakatA hai| koI aisA na samajhe ki maiM jIvadayA ko nikammI cIja samajhatA huuN| vaha bhI Avazyaka hai| usake lie jo kucha kiyA jA rahA hai, usameM kucha saMzodhana kI jarUrata bhale ho ho, lekina jo kucha kiyA jA rahA hai, use kama karanekI siphAriza nahIM krtaa| parantu manuSyoM ke paraspara vyavahAra meM ahiMsA dAkhila karane kI jarUrata isakI apekSA kahIM adhika mahattva kI hai| isa dRSTi se nimna prakAra ke vyaktigata nizcaya kiye jA sakate haiM: 1. manuSya kI hisA karanevAlI pravRttiyoM yA vyApAroM meM apanA nijI yA dharmAdAya kA paisA na lagAnA / / 2. kisI bhI vyApAra meM mUladhana para jisase do yA DhAI pratizata se adhika vyAja mile itanA naphA na lenaa| 3. saTTA aura juA samAna maannaa| 4. zarIra-parizrama karanevAle vyakti ko karja denekA maukA Ave to bambaI jaise bar3e zahara meM jabataka vaha kama-se-kama Der3ha-do rupayA roja kamAI na kara sake tabataka usase vyAja na lenaa|

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124 bhASaNa 5. apanI mAsika kamAI kI eka madhyama maryAdA banAkara usase adhika kamAI na karanA / badhika kamAI na hotI ho, to zeSa sArI kama sArvajanika hita ke kAmoM meM athavA mehanata-majadUrI karanevAle vargoM ko svAvalaMbI banAne meM istemAla krnaa| 6. dAna yA dharmAdAya kA paisA seta seta kara na rkhnaa| use bar3hAne ke badale kharca kara DAlane kA prayatna krnaa| 7. naukara-cAkara tathA majadUra-kArIgaroM ko pUrA aura udAratA se pArizramika denA, bhale-bure maukoMpara unakI madada karanA aura apane bhoga-vilAsa kama karake unakI hAjateM pUrI krnaa| 8. hamAre pAsa kAphI paisA ho to bhI bhoga-vilAsa kamA karanA tathA sAdagI aura saMyama se rahanA / apane bhoga-vilAsa aura vyaktigata kharca dvArA paise kI ipharAta dikhAne meM bar3appana na maannaa| 6. jahA~taka ho sake, apanI jarUrata kI sArI cIja sIdhe unheM banAnevAle kArIgaroM se kharIdanA, unheM majadUrI se rakhanevAle vyApAriyoM yA kArakhAnevAloM se nhiiN| arthAta mila kA kapar3A thA bar3e-bar3e kArakhAnoM meM banane vAlA mAla na baratakara khAdI, prAmaudyoga aura dastakAriyoM ko nazejana denaa| isa prakAra yadi hama apanA-apanA vyApAra sudhAra kara pavitra kareM, to gAMdhIjI kI bhASA meM jaga pheraphAra karake kahA jA sakatA

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ahiMsA ke naye pahAr3e 125 " saba tarapha saMtoSa phailegA, vyartha kI spardhA naSTa hogI, IrSA jAtI:rahegI; koI bhUkhoM na maregA, janma-maraNa meM sam-tulana rahegA, jyAdhiyA~ kama hoMgI aura yuddha baMda hoNge| agara zuddha ahiMsA-dharma kA vAstavika pAlana hotA ho, to rAjA aura hAkima prabhutva yA sira-jorI kareM, vaizya mahala-maMjila banAveM aura mUlyavAna vasoM tathA AbhUSaNoM se lade raheM aura jJAnadAtA zikSaka tathA mehanata karanevAle kArIgara aura majadUra khAnAbadoza hokara roTiyoM ke lie muhatAja ho jAyeM, aisI dayA-janaka sthiti nahIM honI caahie|" paryaSaNa ke pavitra dinoM meM ina bAtoMpara vicAra karane kA anurodha karatA huuN|

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 1. vartamAna pravRttiyA~ : pahale to maiM Apase prArthanA karatA hU~ ki Aja jaisI jayaMtiyA~ manAne ke pIcha rahe hue uddezya para hameM vicAra karanA caahie| Ajakala hameM bolane aura likhane kA mAno pAgalapana ho gayA hai| bolane aura likhane ke vividha prasaMga hama hU~r3hate hI rahate haiN| jayaMtiyAM manAnA bhI isI bImArI kA eka prakAra hai| prAyaH ina pravRttiyoM meM mujhe kisI bhI taraha kI gaMbhIra vRtti kA abhAva lagA hai| mujhe lagatA hai ki hama isa pravRtti kA bAyojana isalie nahIM karate ki hama jisa mahAn puruSa kI jayaMtI manAte haiM unake prati hamAre hRdaya meM koI umaMga yA prema ho athavA una jaise hone kI tIvra icchA ho, balki vinoda-manoraMjana karane kI icchA hI mukhya hotI hai| aisI sabhAoM ke nimitta bar3e julUma, acche-acche saMvAda, saMgIta aura vyAkhyAna munane ko milate haiM, do ghar3I Ananda meM bItatI haiM, itanA hI phala prApta karane kI icchA se esI pravRttiyoM kA Ayojana hotA hai| isameM eka vaMcanA bhI hotI hai| sabhA bulAnevAle aura sabhA meM AnevAle donoM ko yaha bhI bhAsa hotA hai ki esI jayaMtiyAM manAne se hama eka mahattva kA kAma karate haiM aura usa mahApuruSa kI yogya kadara karate haiN|

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 2. jIvana gaMbhIra hai .' ' yoM cAhaM maiM gaMbhIra vRtti kA manuSya na bhI hoU lekina aise prasaMgoM ke lie merI vRtti atyaMta gaMbhIra hai| jIvana ko maiM atyaMta gaMbhIra vastu samajhatA hU~ aura mahAvIra-jaise jIvana ke sAthI puruSa kI jayatI ko maiM gaMbhIra prasaMgoM meM mAnatA huuN| maiM nahIM jAnatA ki bApa merI tulanA kitane baiMzoM meM samajha skeNge| lekina gAMbhIrya kyA hai, yaha Apako udAharaNa dvArA samajhAne kA prayatna karU~gA / mAna lIjie ki Apa borasada ke satyAgraha ke samaya vicAra kara rahe haiM athavA bAbarA (DAkU) ke bAre meM vicAra kara rahe haiM athavA cApake ghara meM kisI kA bar3A oNparezana karavAnA ho aura usakA Apa vicAra kara rahe haiN| usa samaya ApakaM mana kI vRtti kitanI gaMbhIra hotI hai isakA khayAla kiijie| jaise ye bAteM jIvana ke sAtha jur3I huI haiM vaise hI ye mahApurupa bhI apane jIvana ke sAtha jur3e hue mAlUma honA caahie| jaise uparyukta prasaMgoM meM Apako apane jAna-mAla kI citA hogI vaise hI inake sambaMdha meM Apako apane jIva kI ganI caahie| aMtara kaMvala itanA hI hai ki pahale prasaMgoM meM kadAcit ghabarAhaTa aura kheda homA aura isameM unakI jagaha utsAha aura sAhasa / maiM isa vRtti ko gaMbhIra vRtti kahatA huuN| 3. nijI unnati jayantI kA uddezya: yadi Apa isa gaMbhIra vRtti se mahAvIra jayaMtI manAveM to usase bApako lAbha hogaa| bApako anubhava hogA ki pratyeka jayaMtI para Apa jIvana vikAsa ke mArga meM eka eka paira bAge bar3hAte

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128 bhASaNa haiN| lekina aisA na ho to aisI jayaMtiyAM manAne meM maiM kisI taraha kA lAbha nahIM dekhtaa| yadi khayAla ho ki jayaMtI manAne se zrI pahAvIra kI kisI taraha kadra hotI hai to vaha bhUla hai| mahAvIra kI kadra karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi Apa kadra na kareM to usase unake jIvana kA mUlya ghaTa jAne aura kadra karane se vaha adhika unnata hone se rahA / Apa nijI unnati ke lie mahAvIra kI lapAsanA karate haiM aura sirpha usIke lie Apako unakI jayaMtI manAnI caahie| jIvana ko unnata banAne kI Apako utkaMThA na ho to jayaMtI manAne se koI hetu pUrA nahIM hogaa| 4. isalie merI Apase prArthanA hai ki Apa yadi yaha jayaMtI manAne kI icchA rakhane hoM to gaMbhIra bhAvase hI mnaaveN| yadi Apa manoraMjana karane yA apane paMtha kI vAha-vAha karAne yA svarga kA yA isa loka kA koI sukha prApta karane kI AzA rakhate hoM to vaha chor3a diijie| aura yadi ve bAzAe~ na chUTe to jayaMtI manAnA chor3a dIjie aura yaha manoraMjana, vAha-vAha yA puNya kisI dUsare mArga se prApta kiijie| 5. yadi aise gaMbhIra mAva se Apako jayaMtI manAnI ho to maiM batAtA hU~ ki mere vicAra se vaha kaisI manAyI jAnI caahie| nekina ina vicAroM meM se jitane anukUla hoM utane hI Apako lenA hai aura jo Apake saskAroM ke anukUla na hoM, unheM chor3a diijiegaa|

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mahAvIra kA jIvana - dharma 129 6. jayantI kauna manAe~ ? : aisI jayaMtiyA~ kevala upAsakoM, bhaktoM yA jijJAsuoMne hI ekatrita hokara manAnI caahie| isameM bar3A samAraMbha karane, bahuta se logoM ko ekatrita karane yA saba ke lie eka hI taraha kA kAryakrama rakhane kI jhaMjhaTa na ho / 7. anuyAyI : hara eka paMtha meM pAMca taraha ke anuyAyI hote haiM / upAsaka, bhakta, jijJAsu, paMDita aura sAmAnya varga / upAsaka arthAt mahAvIra ke samAna apanA jIvana nirmANa karane kI, mahAvIra ke mahAna guNoM ko apane jIvana meM utArane kI tIvra icchA rakhanevAle / bhakta yAnI jinameM mahAvIra ke prati itanA prema ho ki unake lie jo apane jAna-mAla ko kisI na kisI taraha upayoga meM lAne kI tIvra icchA rakhate hoN| ye svayaM mahAvIra jaise hone kI abhilASA nahIM karate, lekina mahAvIra ko apane nAtha, mitra, mAtA, pitA jaise samajha unake lie kucha karane kI icchA rakhate haiN| jijJAsu yAnI jaina saMpradAya ke tattvajJAna kI anubhava meM utArane kI icchAvAlA | paMDita arthAt jaina zAstroM kA jAnakAra aura samAnya varga yAnI jo jIvana meM sukhI rahakara kuTumba, dhana vyApAra-rojagAra ko jIvana ke mukhya aMga mAnatA hai lekina jise eka aisI zraddhA hai ki ye saba vastue~ mahAvIra kI divya zakti kA Azraya lene se sthira rahatI haiM aura unake paMtha meM dAna, puNya karane se yahAM sukhI raha sakate haiM aura dUsarA janma acchA milatA hai /

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130 bhASaNa 8. vAstavika anuyAyI : mere vicAra ke anusAra jagat kI dRSTi meM koI bhI paMtha paMDita aura sAmAnya varga kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para hI bahuta kucha joradAra mAnA jAtA hai| lekina paMtha meM janma lekara usakA sadupayoga karake apanI unnati karanevAle, dekhA jAya no, dilase upAsanA karanevAle upAsaka, bhakta yA jijJAsu hI hote haiN| paMtha kA utkarSa yA paMtha ke bAhara ke sAmAnya manuSya-samAja kA utkarSa ina tInoM, vargoM ke anuyAyiyoMse hI hotA hai| yaha bhI hotA hai ki Age jAkara yaha upAsaka, bhakta yA jijJAsu apane bhAI-bandhuoM se itanA adhika dUra par3a jAtA hai ki ve loga use apane patha kA mAnaneko bhI taiyAra nahIM hote| phira bhI paMtha kA pUrA pUrA lAbha uThAnevAle to ina tInoM vargoM meM hI hote haiM / pArasanAtha ke paMtha meM janma lekara apane ko aura sAre jainadharma ko U~cA uThAnevAle mahAvIra svAmI isI bAta ke eka udAharaNa haiN| rAjacandra kA udAharaNa bhI kucha-kucha aisA hI kahA jaaygaa| 2. sat-samAgama maNDala : ina tIna varSoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie jayaMtiyA~ barAbara manAnA vizeSa lAbhadAyaka ho sakatA hai| aisI jayatiyoM manAne kA DhaMga to yahI hai ki sat-samAgama ke maNDala banAkara apane jaise hI upAsaka, bhakta aura jijJAsuoM ke sAtha eka-dUsare kI unnati ke mArgoM para vicAra kiyA jaay| inameM upAsaka baiThakara mahAvIra ke caritra aura guNoMkA vicAra kareM aura unakA anukaraNa karane kA

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 131 mArga zodheM, aise karma kA vicAra kareM jinase ina guNoM kA udaya ho / bhakta jamA hokara mahAvIra kA guNAnuvAda kareM, unakI mahimA kA vicAra kareM aura unakI mUrti kI prema se hRdaya meM dhAraNa kareM / jijJAsu jJAnI sadguru kI khoja karake unakA samAgama kareM aura sAdhanA kareM, athavA anubhava kI dRSTise Apasa meM tatva carcA kreN| 10. tInoM varga abhinna hai : Apa yaha na mAneM ki ye tInoM varga eka dUsare se bilakula alaga haiN| sabameM kucha-kucha aMzoM meM tInoM vRttiyA~ hoNgii| lekina apane jIvana ke amuka kAla meM pratyeka manuSya vizeSa kara upAsaka bhakta yA jijJAsu hotA hai / 11. bar3e jalloM meM lAbha nahIM : jayaMtI manAne ke lie aise anuyAyiyoM ke choTe-choTe maMDala banAne meM hAni nahIM, balki lAbha hai| bar3e bhArI majamoM meM vRttiya fear jAtI haiM aura bAhya upAdhiyA~ bar3ha jAtI haiN| aise maMDala na bahuta bar3e na bahuta choTe, eka dUsare ke sAtha mela khAveM aise svabhAvacAle lagabhaga eka hI vRtti ke manuSyoM ke hoM to bahuta lAbha hogA / maiM Apake sAmane yaha bAta vicAra ke lie rakhatA hU~ ki Apa aise bar3e jalse aura julUsa nikAlane ke badale upAsaka, bhakta bora jijJAsu baneM aura aisI jayaMtiyoM ke prasaMga para choTe satsaMgI maMDaloM kI racanA kara isa taraha manAveM ki ApakI zubha vRttiyoM kA utkarSa ho / yadi bApa gaMbhIra rUpa se mahAvIra ke anuyAyI haiM to bar3e jassoM se dUra rahane meM ApakA lAbha hai| aura yadi vaha gAMbhIrya na

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132 mASaNa ho to merI dRSTi se aisI jayaMtiyoM kA koI mUlya nahIM hai aura mujha jaise manuSyoM ko bulAkara ulTA ApakA rasa-maMga hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 12. aba jisa mahApuruSa kI Apa jayaMtI manA rahe haiM unake jIvana-viSayaka do-cAra vicAra prastuta karatA huuN| 13. mahAvIra kI mAtR-bhaktiH ApakA dhyAna maiM pahale mahAvIra kI mAta-bhakti kI aura khIMcatA huuN| mahAvIra ke viSaya meM unakA jIvana-caritra likhanevAlo ne kahA hai ki garbha meM hilane-Dulane se mAtA kI vedanA hogI isa vicAra se ve hilate-DulataM taka na the| isa bAta meM kavi ko atizayokti hogI lekina unake vivAha Adi prasaMgoM se sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA hRdaya bAlya-kAla se hI mAtR-prema aura komala bhAvoM se ota-prota thaa| 14. para-dukha kAtaratA yA samabhAvanA : - dUsaroM ke lie dukhI hue binA aura unakA dukha nivAraNa karane ke lie dauDakara pahu~ce binA calatA hI nahIM, aisA jinakA svabhAva par3a gayA hai aise mahAvIra, buddha, gAMdhI yA eMDrUja kisI bhI satpuruSa kA kauTumbika jIvana dekheM to spaSTa mAlUma hogA ki inakA bacapana aise kuTumba meM gujarA hogA jahA~ sneha hI sneha bharA hogA aura bacapana ke bAda kA jIvana bhI isI taraha sneha se bharA hogaa| unhoMne ba~TavAre ke lie kabhI jhagaDe nahIM kie hoNge| apane aura

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 133 bhAI ke baccoM meM bheda nahIM mAnA hogaa| saMkucita vRtti ko apane hRdaya meM poSita nahIM kiyA hogaa| isase ulTe jahAM mAtA-pitAoMne apane baccoM kA lAlana-pAlana unheM khUba mAla-miThAiyAM khilAkara aura unake lie khule hAthoM paisA ur3Akara to kiyA hai lekina hRdaya ke svAbhAvika prema se nahIM, jahAM unheM apane mAtA-pitA parAyoM kI taraha bhAsita hote haiM aura unake lie mana kholakara hRdaya kI saba bAteM karane kA vAtAvaNa nahIM hai, jahA~ choTe bhAiyoM ko apane bar3e bhAiyoM se bacane ke lie isa taraha prayatna karane par3ate haiM mAnoM ve unake duzmana hI hoM, jahA~ aisA anubhava hotA hai ki sAre kuTumbI sirpha svArtha ke ho sAthI haiM, vahA~ kisI bhI taraha ke U~ce guNoMkA poSaNa nahIM hotaa| aise kuTumboMmeM se para-duHkha maMjaka manuSya kA nikalanA kaThina hai| kAraNa ki vahA~ sama-bhAvanA kI vRtti pAtakucha kuThita ho jAtI hai| 15 prema-virodhI vairAgya isa kauTumbika prema para maiM Aja kI rASTrIya sama-bhAvanA ke yuga meM atyaMta Agraha-pUrvaka jora detA huuN| kyoMki mujhe dinapara dina adhika se adhika vizvAsa hotA jA rahA hai ki hamArI hindU samAja kI nirbalatA kA apanI chima-bhinna sthiti kA mUla kAraNa hamAre kuTumboM meM hI hai| mAtA-pitA aura putra, bhAI-bhAI, bhAIbahana, pati-patnI, mitra-mitra, seTha aura naukara ke bIca hArdika prema ho, yaha hindU kuTumba kI bAja sAmAnya sthiti nahIM hai| hamArI roSita sArI vicArasaraNI hI ima prema-vRtti kI virodhI hai| hamane

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134 prema-vRtti ko vairAgya kI virodhI mAnA hai aura vairAgya-vRtti unnati kara hone se hamAre kuTumba meM rahate hue bhI jAna meM yA anajAna meM eka aisI vRtti kA poSaNa kiyA hai ki jo vairAgya-vRti jaisI dIkhane para bhI vairAgya-vRtti nahIM, balki prema-pratibandhaka vRtti hai| isake pariNAma svarUpa hama vividha anarthakArI bhAvanAoM kA poSaNa karate haiN| hama zAdI karate haiM aura vaha bhI eka ke bAda eka, phira bhI patnI para prema prakaTa karane meM zaramAte haiM, pratyakSa prakaTa na hone denekA prayatna karate haiM aura use dabAne ke lie puruSArtha karate haiM / hameM bhASaNa hote haiM, lekina unheM bacapana meM prema se sambodhita nahIM kara sakate, prema se ha~sA-khilA nahIM sakate, unapara mamatA prakaTa nahIM kara sakate, unakI bAtoM meM rasa nahIM le skte| jaba ve mauta ke paMje me A jAte haiM tabhI kahI hama apanI prama-vRtti para DhakI huI zilA ko kucha-kucha uThane dete haiM aura jisa samaya dhairya rakhanA cAhie taba dhairyahIna prema dikhAte haiN| apane bAlakoM kA vivAha karane kA jitanA bhI utsAha kisI deza ke logoM meM ho sakatA hai, unakI apekSA hama adhika utsAha se apane bAlakoM kA vivAha karate haiM / lekina usake bAda baccoM kA kauTumbika sukha yA dampati kA prema-pUrNa bartAva prasanna mana se nahIM dekha skte| ina saba kA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki kAma-vAsanA kI pAzavika vRtti yA saMsAra kA moha kama nahIM hotA / lekina bhAvanA-dona kauTumbika- jaMjAla hI bar3hatA jAtA hai jisameM na aikya hotA hai, na sukha, na vikAsa /

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 16. zuSka jJAna kI bAteM: hamAre mana meM bhI U~ca-nIca ke bheda, jAta-pAta, khetI-bAr3I deza, janmabhUmi Adi saba bhAva haiM aura saba kA upayoga karake apanA jIvana calAte haiN| unake bar3hane se hama apane Apako bar3hA mAnate haiM, logoM se lenA pAI-pAI vasUla karane meM bAjAra ke rukha kI cintA karane meM, saTTA khelane meM, jAti-bhoja karake vAha-vAha prApta karane meM, saMgIta-gAna kA Ananda lUTane meM, sAdhu ho jAne para kapar3e-latta pothI aura bhikSA ekatra karane meM kisI prakAra kA vrata, tapa yA dAna kiyA ho to use jaga-jAhira karane meM, duniyA ke kisI bhI deza kI duniyAdArI meM racI-pacI prajA ke samAna hama bhI sAvadhAna rahate haiM, phira bhI jaba kisI grAma meM yA deza meM rahate haiM usake lie khapane athavA cintA karane kA prasaMga Anepara "saMmAra kI ina jhaMjhaToM se kyA jIvana kA uddhAra hotA hai ? " " hamArI to AdhyAtmika saMskRti hai aisI saMsArI bAto se hamArA kyA prayojana ?' aisA tatvajJAna peza kara baiThate haiN| bhAiyo aura bahano, maiM Apase vizvAsa tathA bhAgraha-pUrvaka kahatA hU~ ki yaha kevala zuSka jJAna hai, isase ApakA kisI bhI kAla meM uddhAra nahIM ho sktaa| 17. vivaka pUrvaka vyavahAra pAstava meM to kisI bhI manuSya ke lie vivAha karane, santAna paidA karane, bacce ko byAhane, dhana-daulata kA saMgraha karane yA prAma

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136 bhASaNa meM yA zahara meM rahanekA pharja nahIM hai| lekina yadi usane aise sambandha kie hoM, to una sambandhoM ko viveka aura prema se nivAhane kA pharja avazya hai / vivAha kiyA yAnI bandhana ho gayA / bhApakA pharja ho jAtA hai ki bApa apanI strI ko apane sukha-dukha kI unnati aura adhogati kI hissedAra banAkara apanA aura usakA donoM ke uddhAra kA mArga sAtha rahakara pAra kreN| usa strI ke para jAne ke bAda, Apa jaise eka pazuke marajAne ke bAda dUsarA pazu lAte haiM, vaise dUsarI strI nahIM lA skte| yaha rAma ke mArga se, mahAbora ke mArga se saba sAdhupuruSoM ke mArgoM se ulTA hai| yaha pazutA hai, manuSyatA nahIM hai| usa strI ko Apa dutkAra nahIM sakate, mAra nahIM sakate, usakA tyAga nahIM kara skte| 18. santAna ke prati kartavya : viSayopabhoga karanA ApakA pharja nahIM hai / lekina Apa ghara basAveM aura bacce hue ki unakA bandhana Apako svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| jaise bakare aura murge-murgI pAlanevAlA unake baccoM ke AdhAra para hI unakI kImata karatA hai| vaise hI Apake bacce kitane paise phamAkara lAveMge isa bhAvanA se bApa unakI ora nahIM dekha skte| ApakA pharja yaha nahIM hai ki Apa unake lie khUba paisA kharca karake manakA poSaNa kareM yA unake lie paisA chor3akara mareM, lekina pharja to yaha hai ki Apa unakA poSaNa kareM, unakI zubha kAmanAoM ko padAvA deN| jisa saMsAra meM pApa lubdha hue haiM usameM lubdha hone kI

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mahAvIra kA jIvana dharma icchA na kareM, usameM se ve Age bar3hanA cAheM to yaha dekhakara prasanna hoN| 19. baccoM ke vivAha kI Apapara koI jimmevArI nahIM hai| lekina yadi Apa unheM byAha to bahUko lar3akI ke samAna mAnane aura baccoM kA sukhI saMsAra dekha prasanna honekA pharja avazya hai| 20. saba ke hita meM hI ApakA hita hai: Apako jarUrI dikhAI de to bApa apane gAMva yA deza ko chor3akara cale jAiye lekina Apa aisA koI kAma nahIM kara sakate jisase apake gAMva yA deza kA ahita ho, phira Apako bhale apane jAna-mAla kI jokhama uThAnA pdd'e| yadi Apake grAma meM pAnI kA dukha ho aura Apake kueM meM bahuta pAnI ho to vaha kuA~ gA~vako hI sauMpa denA caahie| yadi videzI kapar3e ke vyApAra se Apako bahuta lAbha hotA ho lekina usase aApake dezako nukasAna pahu~catA ho to Apako vaha vyApAra baMda kara denA cAhie / yadi ApakI zAlAe~ svataMtra rakhane meM hI dezakA hita ho to cAhe jitanA nukasAna uThAkara bhI Apako esA hI karanA cAhie / pAmameM yA deza meM rahakara usake prati kartavyase vimukha rahanepara Apa paramArtha sAdhane kI bilakula bAzA na rkheN| jise Apa paramArtha kI siddhi mAneMge yaha paramArtha nahIM, sirpha kalpanA hogii| 21. prema rahita sAdhanA vyartha hai| vairAgya aura prema ye do virodhI vRttiyA~ haiM, aisA khayAla yahi bApakA ho to vaha bilakula mithyA hai, yaha maiM pApako nizcayapUrvaka

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bhASaNa kahatA hU~ . isa mAnyatA ne hamArI prajA kI unnati ko roka diyA hai| vaha zuSka aura bhAvanA-hIna bana gaI hai| vaha satya meM mithyA aura mithyA meM satya dekhane lagI hai / isama ulTe maiM Apake Age yaha vicAra rakhatA hU~ ki niHmvAthe aura zuddha prema ke bi. kisI bhI manuSya kI unnati honA saMbhava hI nhiiN| yadi Apame vivaka aura vairAgya na ho to santa-samAgama se vaha nA sakatA hai, le.kana ApakA hRdaya prema rahana hogA to ApakA uddhAra cauvAsA tIrthaMkara milakara bhI nahIM kara skeNge| prema-rahita hRdaya meM bhagavAna kA bhakti bhI gaharI jar3a nahIM jmaatii| aura bhagavAna kA bhAkta nahI ho,phara bhI eka bhI jIva ko zuddha aura saccaM prema se cAhane kI ApameM zakti ho, to khApa unnati ke mArga para jA sakate hai| 22. mahAvIra prema ke avatAra the| ____maiMne eka bhI mahAn santa kA caritra aisA nahI dekhA ki jimameM mAtA-pitA. bandhu-gurU, mitra-deza jana ityAdi meM se kisI ke prati bhI niHsvArtha prema kI parAkASThA na ho| mahAvIra ko Izvara kA Alambana nahIM thA, lekina unake mana meM jIva ke prati prema kA pravAha bahatA thA, isalie ve tIrthaMkara pada para jA sake / ajAmila ko bhI Izvara kA Alambana zAyada hI thA, lekina vaha putra para apAra sneha rakha sakatA thA yaha dekhakara hI santoM ne usakaM uddhAra kI AzA kii| yahA~ mahAvIra aura ajA.mala kI tulanA nahI karanI hai| ajAmila ko mahAvIra kI yogyatA nahIM pA sakatI lekina isakA kAraNa dUsare prakAra kA puruSArtha, tapazcaryA aura pUrvajIvana kI

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- - mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 139 zuddhatA hai, yaha spaSTa hai / lekina ajAmila jaisA bhI kavala na:svArtha prema ke bala se santa-kRpA aura icchA ho to mRtyu ke pahale zAnti kA ..nubhava kara sakatA hai| deva-bhakti, dezAnurAga, bhUtadayA kI jar3a pAla-kAla meM kuTumba meM paripuSTa huI prema vRtti meM hai| yahA prema adhika zuddha ho aura vistRta kSetra meM phaile tI deva-bhaki, deza-bhakti bhUta-dayA ahiMsA meM badala jaavgaa| 23. vairAgya kyA hai ? naba vairAgya kyA hai ? vairAgya athAt kartavya kA tyAga athavA bandhanoM kA jabardastI se tyAga athavA aruci nahIM hai| lekina vairAgya yAnI svAtha kA tyAga, sukhaprApti kI icchA kA tyAga, bhoga bhogane kI icchA kA tyAga hai| 24. mahAvIra meM tIvra prema aura vairAgya thA: yadi Apa mahAvIra svAmI kA jIvana-caritra dekheMge to isameM tIvra vairAgya aura tIvra prema dikhAI degaa| dUsaroM ke prati jUhI kI naraha komalatA aura apane prati vana jaisI kaThoratA donoM sAtha-sAtha dekheNge| aura ina bhAvanAoM kA poSaNa kauTumbika vAtAvaraNa se humA diikhegaa| jaise inake kuTumba meM mA~-beTe ke bIca prema thA, vaisA hI bhAI-bhAI ke bIca bhii| kahA gayA hai ki unake bar3e bhAI unheM ghara meM rakhane ke lie hI unheM rAjapATa saupa dene ko taiyAra the| bhAI ke prati yaha kaisI prema vRtti hai ! maiM Apase aMtaHkaraNa se kahatA hU~ ki yadi Apako apanA yA apane bAlakoM kA athavA dUsare kuTumbI

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140 janoM kA kalyANa sAdhanA ho to Apa apane kuTumba kA vAtAvaraNa prema-yukta kreN| svArtha- vRtti, kSudra-vRtti sa kuTumba kA vAtAvaraNa azuddha na kreN| bhASaNa 25. mahAvIra dRr3ha nizcayI aura puruSArthI the : bAlyakAla se hI mahAvIra meM dIkha par3ane vAlI eka dUsarI vRtti thI, vaha hai unakA parAkrama, puruSArtha aura dRr3ha nizcaya / jaina dharma meM aisA mAnA gayA hai ki kSatriya hI tIrthaMkara pada ke adhikArI ho sakate haiM / isakA artha maiM yaha samajhatA hUM ki tIrthaMkara pada ke mArga para puruSArthI aura zUra puruSa hI cala sakatA hai / yaha vikula saca bAta hai ki jahA~ puruSArtha nahIM vahA~ kisI bhI mahAn vastu kI prApti nahIM hotI / aihika mArga yA pAramArthika mArga meM jo bhI mahAn vastu Apako siddha karanI ho, usake lie zUratA aura puruSArtha cAhie ho / zUratA kA artha hai usa vastu ke pIche dUsarA saba kucha kurbAna karane kI taiyArI / jonA bhI usIke lie aura maranA bhI usIke 1 lie / puruSArtha arthAt usa bastuko siddha karane ke lie rAta-dina kA prayatna aura dUsaroM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA na rakhanA, kAUsagga-( kAyotsarga karake rahanA, digaMbara dazA taka aparigrahI ho jAnA, upasarga aura parISahoM ko sahana karanA, kisI para avalambita na rahanA ye saba nizcaya mahAvIra meM samAe hue athaka puruSArtha ko prakaTa karate haiN| jo guNa sAMsArika jIvana meM bar3A banane ke lie cAhie ve hI guNa paramArtha siddha karane ke lie bhI caahie| ina guNoMvAlA sAMsArika puruSa vIra kahalAtA hai / inhIM guNoM kA paramArtha meM upayoga karane se zrI vardhamAna mahAvIra kahalAe /

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mehAvIra kA jIvana-dharma 141 .. 26. nirAzA aura kamajorI se moma nahIM milatA: mokSa ke mArga para calane kI icchAvAlA puruSa atyanta dRr3ha nizcayI, sAhasI va puruSArtha meM zraddhA rakhanevAlA honA caahie| isa bAta kI sAkSI rAma, kRSNa, buddha, mahAvIra ityAdi pratyeka kA jIvana hai / usake badale hamameM Aja aisI mAnyatA ghara kara gaI hai ki sAMsArika kAryoM meM ayogya sAbita honevAle mokSa ke adhikArI haiN| puruSatva kama ho jAya, strI badacalana nikale, vyApAra meM ghATA Ave, beTA mara jAya, lar3AI meM hAra ho, rAjakAraNa meM zithilatA Ave taba hamAre deza meM mokSa prApti ko icchA utpanna hotI hai| hama apane meM utpanna huI nirAzA aura kama hue puruSArtha ko apane vairAgya kI aura mumukSutA kI nizAnI mAnate haiN| kisI meM kAma karane kA utsAha na rahe, ukatA jAya taba aisA mAna lete haiM ki aba use saMsAra kI vAsanA nahIM rhii| maiMne sunA hai ki baMgabhaMga Andolana ke bAda rAjakAraNa meM jaba zaithilya A gayA thA, taba aneka rAjanItijJoM ne himAlaya kA Azraya liyA thaa| Aja bhI rAjakAraNa meM zaithilya dekhakara kaI yuvakoM ko himAlaya meM jAne kI icchA karate dekhA hai| maiM vinaya-pUrvaka lekina saca-saca batalAnA cAhatA hU~ ki Izvara kA mArga lohe ke cane cabAne jaisA hai| jinakA utsAha kama ho gayA hai, puruSatva ghaTa gayA hai, jIvana se Uba gae haiM, aise loga mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakate / yaha sambhava hai ki koI kisI dUsarI vastu ko mokSa samajhakara santoSa mAna le, lekina upazama kA pratyakSa sukha usase dUra hai|

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aag 27. azAkti nahIM, anAsakti hI vairAgya hai : Upara vairAgya kA eka artha kahA gayA / dUsarI taraha samajhAU~ to vaipagya yAnI saMsAra kA kArobAra calAne kI azakti nahIM, palki zAMka honepara bhI usako niHsAratA samajha usameM rasa na lenA, aura kisI vizeSa sAra-rUpa vastu kI icchA utpanna honA hai| jaise Apa pasArI kI dukAna calAte calAte bambaI kA bar3A vyApAra karane lage aura pasArI kI dukAna choDa de to isakA kAraNa yaha nahIM hogA ki Apa meM pasArI kI dukAna calAne kI zakti nahIM rahI, balki yaha hogA ki pasArI kI dUkAna karate hue bambaI ke vyApAra , meM adhika munAphA mAlUma huaa| vaise hI saMsAra kA kArAbAra acchI taraha calAte calAte umameM kitanA sAra hai yaha jAnakara Atmasukha kA vyApAra karane ke lie naha jAr3a dene para jo vaigagya utpanna hotA hai vaha TikanevAlA tathA ApakI bhora prajA kA unnati karanevAlA hotA hai| 28. yoM mahAvIra ke kitane hI guNa ginAye jA sakate haiN| unheM ginAte bailUM to rAta khatama ho jaavNgii| saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahatA hU~ ki gItA ke sAlahaveM adhyAya meM jo jo devA sampaciyA~ ginAI hai una sampattiyoM ko prApta kie banA dhama ke mArga para calA nahIM jA sktaa| 29. ahiMsA parama dharma hai : lekina mahAvIra ke sambandha meM bolate hue meM ahiMsA kA nAma na lU~ to Apa mujhe bhUlA huA smjheNge| ahinA vA mAno

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma jaina dharma kA khAsa aMga mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA parama dharma hai| ise siddhAnta rUpa meM vaidikoM aura bauddhoM ne bhI mAnA hai, lekina use pAcaraNa meM utAranevAle mahAvIra hI haiM, yaha mAnyatA hai| jIva kA ghAta na karanA isa artha meM jaina ahiMsAdharma ko bahuta hI bArIkI meM le gae haiN| isa viSaya meM nahIM, lekina Aja kI sthiti dekhate hue 'ahiMsA' zabda bolate hue bhI zarma AtI hai| 30. AhiMsA kI vikRti Aja hamAre mana meM ahiMsA kA artha aisA ho gayA hai jaise use rakta se raMga diyA ho| yadi kahIM rakta se milatA huA raMga dikhAI de to hama use dekha nahIM sakate / phira vaha kisI manuSya yA prANI kA ghAva ho, masUra kI dAla ho, pake TamATara hoM yA lAla navakola kI zAka ho yA tarabUja ho yA gAjara ho| isa raMga ko dikhAye binA yadi hamAre pAMva se koI manuSya pisa-pisa kara mara jAya, hama usakA sarvastra chInakara usakI haDDI-pasalI cUsa leM to bhI hameM aisA bhAna nahIM hotA ki hama hiMsA karate haiN| lekina yadi koI gAr3I ke nIce kucala jAve athavA kisI kA ghAva phUTe yA vamana meM rakta dekha leM; to hamArI himmata nahIM ki hama glAni ke binA athavA hubaka Ae binA samIpa khar3e raha sakeM aura usakI dekhamAla kara skeN| lekina ahiMsA arthAt rakta yA rakta se milate raMga kI glAni nahIM hai, ahiMsA arthAt prema yA dayA hai / hiMsA yAnI

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e krodha, baira, niSThuratA, nirdytaa| jIva kA ghAta na karanA-karAnA yaha to ahiMsA dharma kA sirpha eka aMga hai| usakI pUrNatA nahIM / 31. nirbhayatA : hama ahiMsA dharma ko prApta kara sake, usake pahale to hameM dUsare kaI guNa prApta karane caahie| unameM se eka mukhya guNa nirbhayatA | jabataka bhaya hai tabataka ahiMsA dharma kI siddhi ho hI nahIM sakatI / sarpa ko hama mArane na deM, yaha ThIka hai / yaha ahiMsA kA eka aMga hai| lekina hamArI ahiMsA pUrNa to tabhI kahalAvegI ki jaba hama sA~pa kA nAma sunate hI cauka nahI par3eM aura sA~pa kI hiMsA kie binA sAMpa se rakSA karane kI hamameM zakti ho / dveSa karane ko zakti honepara bhI jo prema karanA hai, vaha ahiMsaka hai / bahiMsA arthAt vaira kA tyAga | DaranevAle kI ahiMsA, ahiMsA nahIM / jahA~ vaira rakhane kI zakti hI nahIM; vahA~ jo apratikAra kA bartAva hotA hai, vaha ahiMsA nahIM hai / I bhASaNaM 32. khuzAmada AIsA nahIM hai : dveSa karane kI, vaira rakhane kI zakti honI cAhiye ina zabdoM kA koI anarthaM na kiyA jaay| inakA artha yaha nahIM ki hama dUsaroM ke prati dveSa rakhane kA prayatna kreN| hama dUsaroM se bhayabhIta rahate haiM nirbhaya yaha hamArA mana acchI taraha jAnatA hai aura yaha bhayavRddhi

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma hama viveka se aura prasaMgopAta bartAva se nikAla sakate haiN| kisI gore sAhaba ke sAmane, kisI aphasara ke sAmane, kisI paThAna ke sAmane, kisI sipAhI ke sAmane, cora ke sAmane jAte hue hamArA mana kA~pa jAtA ho, hamArA zarIra mAnoM sakucA jAtA ho, hameM rAstA ho na sUjhatA ho to yaha saba bhaya kI nizAniyA~ haiN| hama upadrava na kareM, unheM khuza rakheM yaha prema yA ahiMsA nahIM hai| lekina ve hama jaise hI manuSya haiM isa vicAra se hama apane meM niHsaMkocatA bar3hAyeM, unakI dhAka hamArI manovRtti taka na pahuMce, unake sAtha meM hameM samAnatA mAlUma ho to hama unake prati ahiMsA vRtti rakha sakate haiM aura prasaMga Anepara dRr3hatA aura dhIraja rakha usakA upayoga kara sakate haiN| inameM kisI samaya dveSa-hiMsA honA bhI saMbhava hai| lekina Darapoka vRtti kI ahiMsA kI apekSA yaha hiMsA acchI hai / sunA hai ki kucha dina pahale mAMDala meM jo daMgA huA, usameM banie apane strI-baccoM ko nirAdhAra chor3akara chipa ge| ahiMsaka kA bartAva aisA nahIM hotA / isalie ahiMsA kA unkara hone ke pahale hamameM nirbhayatA AnI caahie| 33. abhayadAna ahiMsA hai| ___ahiMsA dharma kI parAkASThA para pahu~canevAle mahAdora svAmI kI ahiMsA isa prakAra kI thI : ve apane meM sarpa ko phUla kI mAla: kI taraha uThAkara pheMka dene kI, duzmana ko pachAr3a dene kI,

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146 bhASaNa zakti rakhate the / unheM garIbI kA bhaya nahIM thA, ThaMDa-garmI kA bhaya nahIM thA, vikarAla tathA jaharI prANiyoM kA bhaya nahIM thA, balki una sabako bhayabhIta karane kI zakti thI / kintu unhoMne una saba ko abhaya dAna diyA / ahiMsA kA dUsarA artha abhayadAna ho sakatA hai| mere pAsa dhana ho to dhana kA dAna kara sakatA hU~, vakha ho to bala kA dAna kara sakatA hU~, buddhi ho to buddhi kA dAna kara sakatA hU~, vidyA ho to vidyA kA dAna kara sakatA hU~, vaise hI mere pAsa abhaya hAM to hI maiM abhaya dAna de sakatA hU~ / 34. sapa aura utsava virodhI bAteM haiM : bAhara se dekhane para jaina samAja kI do bAteM dhyAna khIMcatI haiN| eka to unakI tapapriyatA aura dUsarI julUsa ( utsava ) priyatA / ye donoM virodhI bAteM haiN| jaise brAhmaNa dharma kI kisI bhI dhArmika kriyA ke prAraMbha meM aura anta meM snAna hotA hai, vaise hI mAlUma hotA hai ki Apa logoM meM pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha utsava hotA ho hai / AdhyAtmika unnati kI dRSTi se utsava - hara prasiddhi ke lie honevAlA karma-vitra rUpa hai| isase jisake lie utsava hotA hai| usakI avanati hotI hai aura utsava karanevAle kA koI lAbha nahIM hotA / jaise koI manuSya anAja kA khUba godAma bharakara rakhe aura upadravI loga use tor3a DAleM aura anAja le to na jAyeM, lekina dhUla meM nikhera deM; vaise ho koI AdamI kaThina tapa kare aura Apa

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mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma isakA utsava kareM arthAt use usake tapa kA lAbha nahIM lene dete, Apa bhI lAbha nahIM uThAte aura usa tapa ko kevaLa dhUla meM milA dete haiN| mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra meM mere par3hane meM nahI AyA ki unakI bhArI tapazcaryA ke mAna meM kahIM bhI julUsa nikAlA gayA ho / ulTe aisI prasiddhi se ve dUra bhAgate the, aisI mujha para chApa par3hI hai| Apa samajha sakeMge ki isa para se julUsa meM bhAga lene ke rAyacaMda bhAI ke nimaMtraNa ko maiM kyoM nahIM svIkAra kara skaa| 35. merA vizvAsa __ mahAvIra kA-saba jJAnI puruSoM kA jIvana mujhe aise vicAroM kI ora le jAtA hai| isakA artha yaha na kareM ki mujha meM aisI koI yogyatA bA gaI hai, lekina itanA vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki kabhI bhI aisI yogyatA prApta kie binA cala nahIM sakatA aura sAtha hI yaha zraddhA bhI hai ki santoM ke anugraha se aisI yogyatA prApta karane kI mujha meM zakti thA jaavegii| isIlie itanA kahane kA sAhasa kiyA hai| anyathA ye vAkya to anadhikAra-pUrNa hI mAne jaayeNge| 36. upasaMhAra: yaha na mAnA jAya ki isameM ko hareka vastu hareka ke lie upayogI hogii| yaha bhI na mAna leM ki maiMne jo kucha kahA hai vaha saba saca hI hai| Apa para kAga hotI hoM utanI hI bAtoM para

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bhASaNa mApa vicAra kreN| jainoM ko lakSya kara isameM kucha TIkA jaisA jo kahA gayA hai vaha jainoM ko hI lAgU hotA hai aura dUsare hinduSoM ko nahIM, yaha na mAne / brAhmaNa-dharmI yA jaina-dharmI hama saba eka hI miTTI ke putale haiN| saba meM eka hI taraha ke acche-bure guNa haiN| isase itanA hI samajheM ki bAja kA prasaMga jainoM kA hone se jainoM ko nimitta mAnakara kahA gayA hai| ..jisa mArga se mahApuruSa gae, usI mArga se jAne kI hamameM zakti utpana ho|

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lekhaka pyAliralAla zIrSaka usa aura mahAvIra lyAzASaNa kama saMkhyA 22