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JULY, 1919)
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF CHÂLUKYA VIKRAMADITYA
119
support either 60 way. It is probable that it existed as an insignificant town from very remote times and that Åhavamalla beautified and enlarged it to make it the capital of his vast dominions.
Bilhaņa 61 tells us that, as usual with the Châļukya princes, he first marched against the king of the Cholas and defeated him; stormed Dhårå, the capital of the Malava king Bhoja who was forced to abandon the same ; destroyed the kingdom of Dâhalå (Chêdi) and atterly vanquished 6% its ruler Karna; planted a triumphal column on the sea-shore ; defeated the king of the Dravidas who had run to encounter him; stormed Kanchi, the capital of the Cholas and drove its ruler into the jungles. The inscriptions 63 generally confirm Bilhana's statements and occasionally supplement them with further details. The Chola contemporaries of Chalukki Ahavamalla were Rajadhiraja (A.D. 1018 to 1053), Rajendradêva (A.D. 1052 to 1063) and Virarêjêndra (A.D. 1063 to 1070, circa), the three illustrious successors of Rajendrachôla, the opponent of Jayasinha. The 29th year inscription 64 of Rajadhiraja dated A.D. 1047 records a victorious war against Åhavamalla. The Cholas followed up this success, set fire to Kollippâk (42 miles from Seounderabad in the Nizam's dominions) one of the capitals of Jayasimha, destroyed the gardens and the palace of the Chalukki at Kampli (a minor capital of the Châlukyas and a town in Hospet Taluk, Bellary district), planted a pillar of victory there and vanquished the Kalyans.65 Not content with inflicting these disasters on the frontier of the Châlukya dominions, the Chola brothers, Rajadhiraja, the elder and reigning sovereign, and Rajendradêva, the younger and his 8880oiate, conjointly penetrated aggressively far into the interior of Rattama dalam (Rattapâdi), seized Kalyan 66 and planted a pillar of victory at Kolhapur (in the Nizâm's dominions) The chivalrous Ahavamalla, righteously indignant at these inroads, invited them to battle at holy Koppa on the bank of the great river-the Krishna.67 There in A.D. 1053-4 68 was
Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar takes the word TT Stå most excellent' attributively rather than predicatively, but the arrangement of the words in the line favours the latter construction, which enhances its elegance. The line when translated would run thus
He (the king) made the city named Kaly&most excellent. 61 Vik. charita, I.
The word for means literally 'withered'. Karna's predecessor died in A.D. 1040 BenAres oopperplato inscription of Karnadóva is dated in A.D. 1042 (Epi. Ind., II, 303). So Karņa must bavo ascended the throne about A.D. 1040, more or less contemporaneous with Ahavamalla. An inscription of Karna's son is dated 81 years later in A.D. 1121. Kirtivarman tho Chandella (A.D. 109) claims to have defeated Karna; Hémachandra eulogises Bhimadêve 1 of Gujarat (A.D. 1021-1063) for having defeated him. So it is probable that Karne reigned for a long time and waged many wars and that his power was neverely felt by his neighbours. The word must therefore be taken to mean that he was 'utterly vanquished or defeated,' rather than as translated by Dr. R. G. Bhandarker that he was sl zin or depose.'
JRAS., IV, 13. Inscription at Någâvi. Above, VIII, Miraj grant. 6 SII., II, 66. Kalingattu-parani, VIII, 26 :
'கம்பிலிச் சயத்தம்ப நட்ட துங், கடியரண்கொள் கல்யாணர்
கட்டறக், கிம்புரிப்பணைக்கிரி யுகைத்தவன்.' a Vik. Solan-uld, 19:
‘ மும்மடி போய்க் கலியாணி செற்றத்
தனியாண்மைச் சேவகனும்,' Koppa on the bank of the great river' must be identified with Koppa on the Krishna rather than with Kuppam on the Palar or Kopal on the Tungabhadra. Epi. Ind., XII, 297. In the Manaman galam insoription (SII., II, 68, No. 30) Vijayavijai (i..., modern Bezwada) is spoken of as the town next to the great river thereby implying the Krish. That Koppa was a great pilgrim centre is also evidonced by Yövar inscription (Epi. Ind., xn, 279) SI1., III, 60-3 and Epi. Carn., IX, Bn. 108.
• The latest yorified inscription of Rajadhirdja is in his 35th year corresponding to May 23rd .D. 1059 (Epi. Ind., VI). Epi. Oam., 8k, 118, which records the death of the Chola king on the battlo. held is dated Baka 976, Jaya, Vai Akha s May, A.D. 1034. 80 Koppa must have been fought between May, A.D. 1063 and May, A.D. 1054.
