________________
SEPT., 1919] NOTES ON CURRENCY AND COINAGE AMONG THE BURMESE
155
1684. Munday 3 (February). Att a Consultation. .. Goods to pay Godown Rent... One fanam per Candee for all dead goods, as Copper, Tynn, Tutanagg, etc. Pringle, Madras Consultations, 1st Series, vol. III, p. 22.
1688. And 'tis this White Tin which they (Siameses) call Toutinague. La Loubère, Siam, Eng. Trans., p. 14.
1689. (Tea) is so delicate and tender that it is injur'd by the very Breath of only the common ambient Air. For preventing which it is inclos'd in Pots of Totaneg, or in strong large Tubs of Wood, and in them is safely sent abroad. Ovington, Voyage, 1696, p. 309.
1708. "Told me that the Springs in China had pernicious Qualities because the subterraneous Grounds were stored with Minerals, such as Copper, Quick-silver, Allom, Toothenague, etc. A. Hamilton, East Indies, vol. II, p. 223.
1704. I received what goods they were pleased to bring me, but I found wanting 80 Chests of Japan Copper, and some Toothenague that I had weighed off at Canton, and put the Stocks Mark on them... Among which was my 80 Chests of Copper, and 200 Peculs of Toothenague, with my own Mark on them. A. Hamilton, East Indies, vol. II, p. 233f.
1711. Tutanague 91 is a kind of course Tin in oblong Pieces five or six to a Pecull. I never knew but one sort and that generally betwixt 3 and 4 Tale a Pecull. Queddah and Jahore on the Coast of Mallacca afford plenty of it... Having mentioned Quedah and Jahore to afford plenty of Tutenague, I would not be understood as if it was the proper Produce of these Countrys, only that large Quantitys may be Bought there imported by the Chinese, who make Returns in Ivory, Wax, Tin, etc. Lockyer, Trade in India, pp. 129, 246.
1750. A sort of Cash made of Toothenague is the only currency of the Country. Some Account of Cochin China, by Mr. Robert Kirsop, in Dalrymple, I, 245 (quoted in Yule, Hobson-Jobson, 8.v. Tootnague).
1774. Price Current of Goods at Bombay November 10th 1774... China GoodsTin, per Sur (att) Md. of 40 Srs. Rs. 10: Tutanag, per Sur (att) Md of 40 Srs. Rs. 5.. Tin is the Product of most of the Malay Countries, and is used also in China, to mix with their Tutanag... Tutánag is a metal like Tin, but much better and softer. Stevens, Guide to East India Trade, pp. 109, 118.
1780. You find the Port of Quedah: there is a trade for calin or toutenague. Dunn, Directory, p. 338.
1782. Je suis surpris que les Nations européennes qui vont en Chine, n'aient point entrepris d'y porter de l'étain, puisque le calin s'y vend très-bien; peutêtre aussi que le préjugé a fait négliger cette branche de commerce; car on a toujours cru que le calin étoit un metal différent de l'étain. On a cru aussi qu'il étoit la toutenague des Chinois; mais ce dernier métal n'est pas naturel, et est formé par un mélange de calin et de culvre. Sonnerat, Voyage, vol. II, p. 101n..
1797. Tu-te-nag 93 is, properly speaking, zinc, extracted from a rich ore or calamine; the ore is powdered and mixed with charcoal dust, and placed in earthen jars over a slow fire, by means of which the metal rises in form of vapour, in a common distilling apparatus and afterwards is condensed in water.. Staunton's Account of Lord Macartney's Embassy (4to ed.), vol. II, p. 540 (quoted in Yule, Hobson-Jobson, s.v. Tootnague).
91 See also pp. 71, 111, 150, 229, 245, 263. It is sometimes misprinted in this book tutanaque. Compare Lockyer's statement, p. 123, "Copper in Bars like Sticks of Sealing Wax."
2 Although I cannot trace the passage above given in my copy of Staunton's Embassy, I must endorge Sir H. Yule's remarks, loc. cit., that tutanague is not a word of Chinese origin.
