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NOVEMBER, 1919 ]
PAIGACHI PRÄKRIT
211
Fleet has shown, is but another form of the original word Tarkarika (EI. Vol. III, p. 350, n. 13 and p. 354). The natural conclusion is therefore, that Tarkkåra or Takkara was in the Madhyadeśa. This is strongly confirmed by No. 3 which distinctly and unmistakably says that Takkarika (Tarkkârika), a bhatta village, was situated in the Madhyadeba-. Madhyades-antah pdti-T alekdrikd-bhattagrama-vinirggata. Now as Madhyadeśa did never include Bengal, it naturally follows that Tarkkâri (which was in Madhyadesa) was outside Bengal:15 We may therefore, summarise our results as follows
(1) There was a famous place called Tarkkârika, in the Madhyadeba. (2) It was a well-known centre of holy Brahmans.
(3) And thence many Brahinan families emigrated to the East and South. I therefore see po objeotion to identifying this Tarkkårikå with the one mentioned in the Silimpur inscription which places it within Sråvastî, which certainly formed a part of the Madhyadeśa.
PAISACHT PRÂKRIT. BY THE LATE S. P. V. RANGANATHASWAMI ARYAVARAGUN; VIZAGAPATAM.
In his Prakrita-kalpataru, Rå natarkava ziba-bhattacharya mentions the following eleven Paisachis:-- darf
THT #1 समागधनाचडसूक्ष्मभेदं भाषाविशुद्धं मतमर्धशुद्धम् |
तथा चतुष्पादविशुद्धमन्यवशुद्धमेकादशधा तदित्यम् ।' What strikes us at first as peculiar is that the author of Kalpataru included the mixture of dialects under the Paisachi. He arrives at the eleven languages given in the above verses in the following way: He at first divides the Påišâchỉ into two great olasses, pure (suddha) and mixed (sarkiria). Unler the first had he included the following sevon dialects : Kekayu Pafchala Mdyadha
Sakshmabheda Sdrasena Gauda
Vrâchada The mixed dialects he divides into two classes again, viz., pure (suddha) and impure (asuddha), the former of which he again divides into two classes bhasha-suddha and padasuddha, which latter he once more divides into two classes, viz., ardha-suddha and chatushpada-buddha, thus making the mixed dialects four in all The mixture of dialects in a stanza may take any of the forms given below. The stanza may assume the same form for each of the dialects or one-half of it may be in one language and the other half in another, or again each pada may be in a different language or opce more the words in the verses may be of different languages and mixed after the fashion of tilatailula as Ramatarkavägisa says. These four classes he respectively designates by the above four names. As an example of the first class may be given the following stanza of
15 The evidence of the Bel&vo copper-plate of Bhojavarman, I. 43, shows that the province of Radha was outside Madhyadesa. See EI., Vol. XII, p. 41.
1 These verses are found on folio 1 of the MS. of Prakrita-kalpataru found in the India Omice Library, London. No. 1106 of the Catalogue).
