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apo the same person or two different persons ? Many scholars are of the * view that the same person Keshi is mentioned in the said two Agam, here but our view is that they should be two different persons. It is because
Keshi who gave scriptural knowledge to king Pradeshi had the knowledge of fourteen Poorvas and he had four types of Jnan while Keshi who had scriptural dialogue with Gautam Swami had three types of
Jnan. Both of them belonged to the tradition (order) of Parshvanath and 9 name of both of them is the same. It appears that the identical name of
the two misled the scholars that they were the same person. The description of qualities of Keshi Kumar in this Sutra clearly indicates that he had extremely influential personality. After seeing his shining
face (aura) his grandeur and his effective words even a person like king 9 Pradeshi who was totally irreligious felt attracted. The scholars have different views on this point.
The words 'karan' in 'Karanappahaane' and "charan' in 'Charanappahaane' in the aphorism mean seventy modes of karan and on charan respectively. So these words in the aphorism stand for practitioners of seventy modes of activity (karan) and seventy modes of ascetic conduct (charan).
The principles which an ascetic follows when it is so required is called 'karan' or 'karan gun' and the principles that an ascetic follows throughout his life are called 'charan' or 'charan gun'.
Seventy modes of karan are as under
(1-4) Seeking food, clothing, pot and plan to stay according to his discriminatory principles, (5-9) five types of carefulness namely in walking, speech, seeking, necessities, in accepting them, and in discarding the things not in accordance with their accepted principles, (10-21) twelve thought-reflections namely ephemeral nature of the world
and others, (22-33) twelve speed restraints (pratijna-pratimas) of an * ascetic, (34-38) restraints of five senses, (39-63) twenty five types of close
examination (pratilekhana), (64-66) the control of mind, speech and action, (67-70) special self-restraints about acceptance of food, clothing, pots and place of stay or hatching -Oagh Niryukti, Aphorism 3
Seventy modes of charan are as under
(1-5) Five great vows of an ascetic, (6-15) ten religious modes of conduct of an ascetic, (16-32) seventeen types of ascetic principles (restraints), (33-42) ten types of service of the Acharya (Guru), (43-51)
nine types of observation for keeping strict Brahmacharya, (52-54) going ० रायपसेणियसूत्र
( 258 )
Rai-paseniya Sutra *
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