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*
RD Rokook
1009
VARO PARODONARY
* यद्यपि यहाँ की तरह अन्य आगम-पाठो मे भी 'अट्ठारसविहदेसिप्पगारभासाविसारए' पद आता है। * किन्तु वे अठारह भाषाएँ कौन-सी थी, इसका उल्लेख मूल पाठो मे कही भी देखने मे नही आया है। इस * स्थिति मे यही माना जा सकता है कि उस समय बहुमान्य प्रचलित बोलियो को एक-एक भाषा माना
जाता हो और उनको बोलने-समझने मे निष्णात होने का बोध कराने के लिए ही 'अठारह भाषाविशारद' ॐ पद ग्रहण किया गया हो। आज संसार के किसी भी एक विश्वविद्यालय में इतना सर्वागीण शिक्षण,
व्यावहारिक ज्ञान देने के साधन और सुविधाएँ शायद ही उपलब्ध हो, जितनी उन प्राचीन गुरुकुलों मे
थी। गुरुकुल के आचार्य स्वयं त्यागी और विद्या-निष्णात होते थे। ॐ इसके साथ कलाचार्य (शिक्षक) का सम्मान करने की परम्परा भी आदर्श रही है। शिक्षक को किसी 3 के सामने हाथ फैलाने की जरूरत नही पडती थी। वह स्वाभिमानपूर्वक और निश्चिन्त होकर छात्रो को कला-शिक्षण दे सकता था।
Elaboration—One gets a glimpse of the type of education in ancient ** times in the description of seventy two arts. This type of education * provided all-round development of the student.
Some of these arts help in development of physical strength, capacity and the structure, some are going to improve his intellect and all-round mental development and some awaken in him interest in art, literature, music and dance. Some of them are only for self-entertainment, some of the arts educate him in various professions suited for earning the livelihood. Thus by teaching these arts, the physical, mental and
intellectual development of the student is aimed at resulting in bringing * out the good qualities of his character. They make him self-dependent in
earning the livelihood and in living in harmony with the society. In brief, all these arts build a civilised man.
Although the prevalent arts are mentioned in the literature of every country, still even if we study the literature relating to main religious traditions of our country, we find everywhere a detailed description of the prevalent arts. They have been described in Ramayana, Mahabharat, Shukraneeti, Vakyapadiya and suchlike scriptures of Vedic tradition; Lalit-vistara of the Buddhist tradition; Samvayang Sutra, Jambu Dveep Prajnapti, Jnata Sutra, Aup-patik Sutra, Kalp Sutra and their commentaries in Jain tradition. Of course there is some difference in the number and names of the arts. At same place number of arts mentioned is sixty four but in Kala-vilas treatise of Kshemendra their number is more than hundred. In Buddhist literature their number is eighty six. In Jain literature generally seventy two arts for men and sixty four for women have been mentioned. This statement is supported by the prevalent verse (in Hindi) that means as under
Ados
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दृढ़प्रतिज्ञकुमार
(421)
Dridh Pratyna Kumar
ROPPINGPOTO
14
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