Mantungacharya aur unke Stotra

Author(s): M A Dhaky, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002107/1

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ain Education International mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra saMpAdaka madhusUdana DhAMkI : jitendra zAha zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara ahamadAbAda-4

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra madhusUdana DhAMkI : jitendra zAha prakAzaka zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara ahamadAbAda

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zrI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina borDiMga pranthamAlA- 13 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra saMpAdaka madhusUdana DhAMkI - jitendra zAha. prakAzaka zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, 'darzana', zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda- 380004. (c) zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda. prathamAvRti: I0 sa0 1997 pratiyA~ 500 dvitIyAvRtti I0 sa0 1999 pratiyA~ 250 : mUlya : 150/- ru0 prAptisthAna: zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, 'darzana', zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda 380004. - mudraka : pUjA ophseTa, ahamadAbAda.

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bhaktAmarastotra Adima anveSaka zrImad haeNramAnna yakaoNbI mahattara puNya smRti ko sAdara samarpita

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7-9 anukrama prakAzakIya pUrvAvalokana purovacana prAstAvika (prathamAvRtti) prastAvanA (dvitIyAvRtti) ajaya cimanabhAI DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA madhusUdana DhAMkI : jitendra zAha madhusUdana DhAMkI : jitendra zAha 11-13 1-14 15-22 23-69 70-78 79-83 84-93 94-101 1. bhUmikA 2. bhaktAmarastotra ke sarjaka evaM sarjanakathA 3. bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 4. bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana 5. bhayaharastotra 6. bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya 7. stotrakartA kA samaya 8. stotrakartA kA sampradAya pariziSTa mUlapAThAH bhaktAmarastotram bhaktAmaragata pAThAntarANi bhayaharastotram aparanAma 'namiUNa' stotram sandarbhagrantha-sUcI 102-110 111-112 113-120 121-122 123-126 127-135

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prakAzakIya jaina dharma meM bhaktAmara stotra atyanta pracalita hai / jainoM ke sabhI saMpradAya samAna rUpa se isa stotra ko svIkAra karate haiM evaM pATha-smaraNa karate haiM / stotra kI bhASA, zailI, bhAva Adi uttama prakAra ke haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma meM yaha stotra sarvajanamAnya huA / bhaktAmara stotra para aba taka aneka pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM aura aneka vidvAnoM ne isa stotra para anusaMdhAnAtmaka adhyayana bhI kiyA hai, tathApi niSpakSa evaM sarvAMgINa vicAra prAyaH abhI taka nahIM huA thA ! isa kamI ko pUrI karane kA prayAsa isa pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai / prastuta pustaka meM bhaktAmara stotra kA AMtaradarzana, padyasaMkhyA, kartA, kartA kA saMpradAya, samaya, aSTamahAbhaya, evaM kartA kI eka anya kRti bhayaharastotra Adi viSayoM para sapramANa, sayuktika evaM sodAharaNa ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / ataH prastuta grantha kA prakAzana kara vidvajjagat ko samarpita karate hue hameM apAra harSa ho rahA hai / __ bhaktAmara stotra kA saMpAdana evaM usa para vistRta khojapUrNa vivecana prA0 madhusUdana DhAMkI [zodha nidezaka, amerikana insTiTyUTa oNpha inDiyana sTaDIja, guDagA~va] evaM DA0 jitendra zAha [avaitanika nidezaka, zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda] ne kiyA hai / prA0 DhAMkI sthApatya evaM kalA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn hone ke sAtha-sAtha jaina aitihAsika zodha meM bhI niSNAta haiM / DA0 jitendra zAha, jaina dharma aura darzana ke yuvA vidvAna evaM ciMtaka haiN| donoM ne upalabdha sabhI pramANoM evaM vivecanoM ke AdhAra para samIkSAtmaka anveSaNa karake prastuta grantha taiyAra kiyA hai / prastuta grantha taiyAra kara prakAzanArtha saMsthAna ko diyA gayA; ataH saMsthAna ina donoM vidvAnoM kA AbhArI hai / jainadarzana ke advitIya vidvAn, mahAmanISI paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAjI ne purovacana likhakara hamAre utsAha meM abhivRddhi kI hai; ataH hama Apake prati hRdaya se AbhAra jJApita karate haiM / Agama evaM darzana ke khyAtanAma vidvAn, DA0 jagadIzacaMdrajI ne bhI saMpAdakoM ke anurodha se pUrvAvalokana likhane kA kaSTa kiyA; ataH hama Apake vizeSa AbhArI haiM / (durbhAgyavaza vaha yaha grantha pUrNarUpa se prakAzita ho jAya tat pUrva vidA le cuke haiM / ) grantha kI prathamAvRtti ke prakAzana meM nAraNapurA sthita AdinAtha jaina zve0 mUrtipUjaka saMgha ne Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA, hama ukta saMgha evaM saMgha ke saMcAlakoM ke AbhArI haiN| grantha ke laeNsara akSarAMkana meM ramezabhAI paTela ne utsAhapUrvaka sahayoga diyA hai, etadartha unheM hama sahRdaya sAdhuvAda dete haiN| AzA hai, yaha grantha zodhAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara rahe adhyetAoM evaM jijJAsuoM ke lie upayukta siddha hogaa| 'darzana', zAhIbAga. ajaya cimanabhAI ahamadAbAda - 380004 _ (adhyakSa) 14-07-1993. zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala rasarca senTara

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pUrvAvalokana bhAratIya darzana kI jAna hai vAda / 'vAde vAde jAyate tattvabodha:', arthAt vAda-vivAda se hama tattvajJAna kI ora pahu~cate haiM / vAda-vivAda kA artha hai vicAroM kA TakarAva / vicAroM kA yaha TakarAva taba paidA hotA hai jaba kisI viSaya ko lekara hamAre mana meM koI zaMkA paidA hotI hai yA koI samasyA uThatI hai / sarvaprathama vAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM dalIla peza karatA hai, kisI viSaya ko lekara usake mana meM sandeha paidA hotA hai / vipakSa prativAdI ina dalIloM ko kATatA hai, unakA khaMDana karatA hai / usake bAda donoM pakSoM kI parIkSA dvArA vastu kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai jise samanvaya kahate haiM / yUnAnI manISiyoM ne bhI vicAra-vimarza kI isa zailI ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ve loga DAyalogsa arthAt vArtAlApa dvArA kisI viSaya kI carcA karate haiM, prazna kiye jAte haiM, unake uttara pradAna hote haiM aura isa prakAra kisI vastu kI parIkSA dvArA viSaya kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai / viSaya kI parIkSA kiye binA usakA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / aura jaba taka kisI viSaya ko lekara usameM sandeha paidA na ho, koI samasyA na uThe taba taka usakI parIkSA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / parIkSA karanA hI darzana (arthAt dekhanA) kI zuruAta hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sandeha sarva pramukha hai, jaba taka kisI bAta meM sandeha paidA na ho taba taka pakSa aura vipakSa ke pratipAdana se use parIkSA kI kasauTI para kasane kI AvazyakatA kA savAla hI nahIM uThatA / pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya (anvaya) aura nigamana (vyatireka) isI vicAra praNAlI kA vistRta rUpa hai / vaidika dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke matAnusAra Izvara ke astitva meM jo kArya-kAraNa bhAva mUlaka pramANa diyA jAtA hai, usakA yahI svarUpa hai: pRthvI, parvata Adi kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA nirmita haiM (pratijJA); kArya hone se (hetu); jo kArya hote haiM ve kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA nirmita hote haiM, jaise ghara (dRSTAnta), pRthvI, parvata. Adi kArya haiM, ataeva ve kisI kartA dvArA nirmita haiM (upanaya), jo kArya nahIM ve kisI kartA dvArA nirmita nahIM, jaise AkAza (nigamana) / isa prakAra nyAyasUtroM ke racayitA gautama RSi aura nyAyasUtroM ke prathama bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana kA nyAyadarzana ke kSetra meM yaha mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai jo unhoMne pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta, siddhAMta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaMDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna ina 16 padArthoM ke jJAna ko pramukhatA dI hai / zodhakartA kA kArya bahuta gahana hai, khAMDe kI dhAra para calane kI bhA~ti vaha duSkara hai / usake liye kisI bAta kA pratipAdana karane meM taratamatA kI guMjAyaza nahIM / jaisI vastu ho usakA usI rUpa meM pratipAdana karanA-na kama, na jyAdA-guDDe-gur3iyoM kA khela nahIM / pratipAdana kartA ko taTastha rahakara

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anveSaNa karanA par3atA hai, bhAvukatA aura bhAvanApradhAna cintana ko dUra rakhakara use kaThora satya aura sIdhe sAde sarala cintana ko svIkAra karanA par3atA hai / sukhada kalpanA aura icchAjanita dhAraNAoM ke pralobhanoM ke jAla meM vaha nahIM pha~satA / mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra nAmaka grantha jisakA saMpAdana vidvadvarya prA0 madhusUdana DhAMkI aura To jitendra zAha ne kiyA hai aura jisakA prakAzana zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda kI ora se kiyA gayA hai, pAThakoM ke samakSa hai / vidvAn saMpAdakoM ne ati parizramapUrvaka prAstAvika, bhUmikA, bhaktAmarastotra ke sarjaka evaM sarjana kathA, bhaktAmara kI padya saMkhyA, bhaktAmara kA aMtaradarzana, bhayaharastotra, bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya, stotrakarttA kA samaya, stotrakarttA kA saMpradAya, pariziSTa aura saMdarbha grantha-sUcI-- ina aneka vibhAgoM meM grantha ko vibhakta kiyA hai / aMta meM bhaktAmarastotra aura bhayaharastotra ( namiUNa stotra ) prAkRta meM (saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha) prastuta kiyA gayA hai| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki vijJa pAThaka isa racanA kA manoyogapUrvaka adhyayana kara apane vicAroM meM dRr3hatA lAyeMge / hamArI rAya meM isa bAta kI ahamiyata nahIM ki mUla karttA kisa saMpradAya ke the, ahamiyata isa bAta kI hai ki unakI lekhanI se aisI suphalA evaM zAzvata racanA kA prAdurbhAva huA hai jo kevala jaina saMpradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ko hI nahIM, itara saMpradAyoM ko mAnane vAloM ko bhI cirakAla taka anuprANita karatI rahegI / pustaka meM katipaya akSamya azuddhiyA~ raha gaI haiM (jaise harmaN Adi) / AzA hai pustaka ke dUsare saMskaraNa meM unakA saMzodhana kiyA jA sakegA / 'prAstAvika' meM kathana hai: "isa grantha meM prayukta hindI ko sarvathA saMskRtapradhAna, ekAMta saMskRtaniSTha nahIM apitu prAyaH rASTrabhASA ke AdarzoM ke anurUpa evaM anukUla svarUpa denA cAhA thA / isaliye isameM arabI-phArasI alaphAz2a varjita nahIM mAnA hai / jahA~ yogya hindI zabda nahIM mila pAye vahA~ kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI evaM marAThI bhASA meM pracalita zabdoM kA bhI istemAla kiyA hai aura koSThaka meM unakA aMgrejI paryAya batA diyA hai / ekAdha dRSTAMta meM aMgrejI se bhI zabda yathAtatha grahaNa kiyA hai" / jo kucha bhI ho, pustaka meM jaisI cAhiye vaisI ekarUpatA nahIM A pAI aura pravAha kI gati se bhI vaha vaMcita raha gaI / 1-11-1993 jagadIzacandra jaina 1 / 64, malahAra ko-ApareTiva hAusiMga sosAyaTI, bAndrA rIklemezana, bAndrA pazcima, muMbaI- 400050 saMpAdaka kI TippaNI durbhAgyavaza DAkTara sAhaba ko jaldabAjI meM kaoNmpyUTara se nikAlA gayA pahalA musaddA hI pUrvAvalokana likhane ke lie bheja diyA gayA, aura usameM kAfI galatiyA~ thI hI, jo bAda ke prUpha meM sudhAra dI gayI

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thii| "harmaN" aisI vivartanI svayaM yakobI mahodaya kI hI batAi gaI thI aisA (sva0) hI0 ra0 kApar3IyA kA avalokana ke prati hamane DAkTara sAhaba kA dhyAna khIMca diyA thA / kucha mAha pUrva hamane DA0 baMsIdhara bhaTTa, jo jarmanI meM kaI sAloM taka myunsTara vizvavidyAlaya meM prAdhyApaka raha cuke hai, unhoMne hameM 'haeNramanna' rUpa sUcita kiyA thA / ataeva hamane aba isa rUpa kA prayoga kiyA hai / ThIka isI taraha prathamAvRtti meM 'yakobI' rUpa thA, isako vahA~ kI uccAraNa prathA anusAra 'yAkobI' rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha kI hamArI icchA saMvidhAna meM rASTrabhASA sambandha jo nidezaka prAvadhAna hai, usake anusAra calanA thA, kisI prAntavizeSa kI kSetrIya, atyadhika evaM kevala saMskRtamaya, hindI kA anusaraNa karanA nahIM cAhate the / DAkTara sAhaba khudane 'ahamiyata' jaise zabda kA yahA~ prayoga kiyA hI hai / eka bAta aura bhI kahanA cAheMge / hama apane ko nigrantha-darzana kA anuyAyI mAnate haiM, kisI saMpradAya-vizeSa kA pakSadhara nahIM / ata: hamane jo kucha kahA hai vaha pramANoM ke AdhAra taTastha raha kara kahA hai /

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purovacana Izvara ke tIna rUpa haiM-kartA, saMhAraka aura saMrakSaka / inameM se jainoM ne prathama do ko kabhI nahIM apanAyA / tIsare rUpa ke viSaya meM bhI dekhA jAya to bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sarvaprathama jo stuti sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyayana meM 'vIratthutI' ke nAma se hai usameM tIno rUpoM kA abhAva hai tathA unake sthAna para jJAna, darzana aura zIla ina tIna guNoM kI stuti kI gaI hai / usake bAda vyAkhyAprajJapti ke 'namotthu naM' tathA Avazyaka sUtra ke 'logassa' stava meM Izvara ke prathama do rUpoM ke viSaya meM koI stuti nahIM milatI hai kintu unase bodhi evaM siddhi lAbha kI kAmanA kI gaI hai / isameM Izvara ke tIsare rUpa saMrakSakatva kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / bhaktAmara stotra meM bhI jJAna, darzana aura zIla kI prazaMsA to kI hI gaI hai taduparAMta Izvara ke saMrakSaNAtmaka rUpa kI vizeSa rUpa se stuti kI gaI hai / usake bAda kI jaina stutiyoM meM bhI isa rUpa kA samarthana pracura mAtrA meM dikhAI detA hai / zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara ne bhaktAmara evaM namiuNastotra kA (saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha) prakAzana kiyA hai, yaha eka stutya prayatna hai / isa saMskaraNa kI vizeSatA, isameM bhaktAmara ke jo vistRta bhUmikArUpeNa ATha prakaraNe diye gaye hai, vaha hai / bhUmikA saMpAdakoM ne likhI hai aura isa stotra ke viSaya meM jitane bhI vivAda abhI taka prakAzita hue haiM, ina vivAdoM kA sahI samAdhAna dene kA prayAsa vahA~ kiyA gayA hai / vivAda kA jo mukhya viSaya hai, vaha eka hai ki bhaktAmara ke racayitA zvetAmbara the yA digambara, mUla stotra kI zloka saMkhyA 44 hai yA 48 tathA kRti ko zvetAmbara mAnA jAya yA digambara / ina sabhI samasyAoM kA ucita samAdhAna karane kA prayatna yahA~ kiyA gayA hai aura Aja taka vivAdoM ke pakSa yA vipakSa meM jo yuktiyA~ dI gaI haiM, una para vicAra karake samAdhAna yaha diyA hai ki kavi mAnatuMga kisa sampradAya ke the, mUla stotra kitane padyoM kA thA aura kRti kisa sampradAya ke vizeSa anurUpa hai, aura kartA mAnatuMgAcArya kA kyA samaya rahA hogA / isa mantavya ke samarthana meM jo yuktiyA~ dI gaI haiM, ve jacatI haiM / vidvajjagat ina samasyAoM ke viSaya meM vicAra kare aura sahI nirNaya para pahu~ce yahI apekSA hai / tA0 20-6-1993 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 'mAthurI' 8, operA sosAyaTI, pAlaDI, ahamadAbAda - 380 007.

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prAstAvika nirgrantha mahApuruSoM aura unakI racI huI kRtiyoM kA sAdhAra, satarka evaM prAmANika samayanirNaya, aura jahA~-jahA~ kartA ke mUla sampradAya ko lekara anizcitatA yA vivAda rahA ho, yogya nirNaya ho jAnA nirgrantha sAhitya ke itihAsa-Alekhana meM bahuta hI Avazyaka hai / kucha varSoM se hamArA prayatna aise praznoM ke pramANAdhIna uttara khojane kI dizA meM rahA hai / kucha aisI hI samasyAe~ mAnatuMgAcArya evaM unakI suprasiddha kRti bhaktAmarastotra ke bAre meM rahI haiM, jina para isa pustaka meM vizeSa vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| bhaktAmarastotra, isake sarjaka, sarjanakAla evaM sampradAya ke sambandha meM sAmprata kAla meM bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne stotra ke anuvAda, arthamImAMsA evaM rasadarzana ke atirikta aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se bhI likhA hai / isa prakAra ke lekhana meM kucha na kucha naI evaM mahattvapUrNa bAteM samAviSTa huI haiM, jinakA hamane apanI samIkSA meM sAdara-sAbhAra upayoga kiyA hai / sAtha hI kucha bAteM vahA~ aisI bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM jo yA to ajJAnamUlaka Agraha kA pratIka mAtra athavA sAmpradAyika vivazatA kI pakar3a hI prakaTa karatI haiM / ve pramANaparaka yA nyAyasaMgata nahIM haiM / tathyAnveSaNa ke abhAva vAle ina donoM prakAra ke abhigama ke pariNAmasvarUpa itihAsa vikRta to huA hI, sAtha hI usa hisAba se calane vAle sabhI loga yathArthatA kA rAstA chor3akara gumarAha bhI hue haiM / kahIM-kahIM to abhigama kI ekAMgitA ke alAvA lekhana bhI kutsita bana gayA hai / isase kisI bhI taTastha vidvAna ko saMtoSa nahIM ho sakatA, raMjog2ama z2arUra hotA hai / isa socanIya sthiti se nipaTane kA prayatna yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai, aura sabhI mudrita maMtavyoM evaM upalabdha pramANoM (tathA pramANAbhAsoM) ke parIkSaNoparAnta jo kucha niSkarSa nikala sakA hai. yahA~ rakhA gayA hai / isa prakriyA meM hamane lekhakoM ke mala vidhAnoM ko, sandarbha ke aucitya evaM AvazyakatAnusAra, yathAtatha uddhRta bhI kiyA hai, jisase unake Azaya samajhane meM madada mile aura unake vaktavyoM, maMtavyo evaM abhiprAyoM ke sAtha anyAya hone kI saMbhAvanA kama se kama rahe / (gujarAtI bhASA ke lekhana jahA~-jahA~ uddhRta haiM, hindI meM anUdita karake rakhe gaye haiM, jisase gujarAtI na samajhane vAle pAThaka AsAnI se mUla kartA kA abhiprAya samajha sakeM / ) isa gaveSaNA ke phalasvarUpa jo natIjA nikala sakA hai vaha AkhirI hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA; vizeSa pratItikara tathya sAmane na Ane taka hI usako hama ThIka samajhate haiM / jisa vakta isase viparIta naye evaM majabUta sabUta mila jAyeMge, hama nirNaya badala deMge / (samAlocanA meM vinaya evaM viveka kA tyAga na ho jAya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA gayA thA; phira bhI pUre lekhana ke punaravalokana ke pazcAt hameM lagA hai ki kahIM-kahIM dhvani meM vyaMgya evaM Akroza kI patalI sI chAyA A hI gaI hai / hama isa ghaTanA ke liye kSamAprArthI haiM / ) hamane yahA~ kevala bhaktAmarastotra tathA bhayaharastotra ko hI mAnatuMgAcArya kI maulika kRtiyA~

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mAnA I unakI mAnI jAnevAlI anya kRtiyoM ko nahIM / bhaktAmara kA hindI evaM gujarAtI anuvAda bahuta sAre vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA jA cukA hai, jo vividha prakAzanoM meM, kahIM-kahIM sAnvaya bhI upalabdha hai / lekina inameM se kucha meM kahIM-kahIM, kabhI-kabhI, mUlakarttA ke abhiprAya se bar3hakara, prAyaH vRttikAra jaisI haisIyata se bhI likhA gayA hai / padyoM kA sAnvaya 'paMcAMga vivaraNa' bhaktAmara sambaddha kucha pustikAoM meM diyA gayA hai, jo upayukta hone se vahIM dekha lenA cAhie / hA~ ! bhayaharastotra ke mUla prAkRta padyoM kA- chAyArUpa evaM samAntara (parallel) saMskRta padyoM ko do alaga-alaga madhyakAlIna vRttikAroM ke AdhAra para hamane yahA~ samAviSTa avazya kiyA hai / ( isakA eka hetu yaha bhI rahA hai ki vaha stotra bhI mAnatuMga kA banAyA huA hai, isa paramparA kI kucha hada taka spaSTatA evaM parIkSaNa bhI usakI zailI evaM zabdoM ke lagAva - cunAva ke AdhAra para ho sake; aura yaha tathya to vartamAna sandarbha meM prAkRta se bhI saMskRta rUpa meM vizeSa saralatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai / ) I samprati pustaka meM jo kucha prAcIna mUla srotoM evaM sAMpratakAlIna lekhanoM kA upayoga kiyA hai unake lekhakoM tathA prakAzakoM ke hama kRtajJa haiM / mudraNa yogya nakala banAne meM mUla masaude ko hindI bhASA ke vyAkaraNa evaM akSarI, vivartanI, aura kahIM kahIM zabdoM kI dRSTi se mitravara rAmezvara zarmA, DA0 umezacandra siMha aura unake anuja DA0 indrezacandra siMha, vArANasI meM dekha cuke the aura yahA~ paM0 mRgendranAtha jhA bhI sAvadhAnI se dekha cuke hai / unake yogya saMzodhanoM ko, carcA - vicAraNA ke pazcAt, hama yahA~ svIkAra kiyA hai / isa grantha meM prayukta hindI ko sarvathA saMskRtapradhAna, ekAnta saMskRtaniSTha nahIM apitu rASTrabhASA ke AdarzoM ke anurUpa evaM anukUla svarUpa denA cAhA thA, isalie isameM arabIphArasI alphAz2a varjita nahIM mAnA hai / jahA~ yogya hindI zabda nahIM mila pAye vahA~ ( aura arthacchAyA ko vizeSa spaSTa banAne ke liye) kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI evaM marAThI bhASA meM pracalita zabdoM kA bhI istemAla kiyA hai aura koSThaka meM inakA aMgrejI paryAya batA diyA hai / ekAdha dRSTAMta meM aMgrejI se bhI zabda yathAtatha grahaNa kiyA hai / hamArI binatI ko svIkAra kara ke isa pustaka ke lie DA0 jagadIzacandra jI ne "pUrvAvalokana" evaM paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jI ne " purovacana" likhA hai / nirgranthavidyA ke ina donoM mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke hama kRtajJa haiM / isa pustaka kI prathama pAMDulipi pazcimI nAgarI ke hisAba se zrImatI gItAMjali DhAMkI ne taiyAra kI thI, jisake AdhAra para uttara pradeza kI nAgarI meM DA0 indrezacandra siMha ne suMdara akSaroM meM dUsarI pratilipi taiyAra kI / hama ina donoM ke parizrama ke lie AbhArI haiM evaM lipi - lekhana meM zuddhi ke pahalU para diye gaye lakSya ke liye unako dhanyavAda bhI denA cAhate haiM / zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara ke kompyuTaravid zrI ramezabhAI paTela ( aura dvitIyAvRtti ke sandarbha meM sudeza zAha) ne mudraNArtha nakala banAI aura prupha rIDara nAraNabhAI paTela evaM paM0 mRgendranAtha jhA dvArA chape hue pUre pATha ko AkharI vakta

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dhyAnapUrvaka dekhA gayA hai / ina donoM vidvAnoM kI madada ke liye hama AbhArI haiM / apanI ora se kAfI dhyAnapUrvaka, vyavasthita evaM ramaNIya DhaMga se jinhoMne chapAI siddha kI hai, ve Unique Offset ahamadAbAda, usake lie sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM / mudrita rUpa meM yaha pustaka sAkAra nahIM bana sakatI thI, na cAru rUpa se chapa sakatI thI, yadi zrI AdinAtha zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina saMgha, nAraNapurA, ahamadAbAda tathA zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, 'darzana', zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda kI ora se isake prakAzana (prathamAvRtti) ke lie udAratA se Arthika sahAyatA na milI hotI / hama donoM saMsthAoM evaM unakI vizvAsikAoM-nyAsa (Trusts)aura unake saMcAlakoM ke RNI haiM / pustaka kI prathamAvRtti kA vitaraNa niHzulka karanA, aisA nirNaya bhI unake saujanya evaM audArya kA dyotaka hai / hameM kheda hai ki aneka vaiyaktika kAraNoM aura saMyogoM se prathama prakAzana kA pUrNarUpa meM chapakara vitaraNa meM prAyaH cAra sAla kA vilamba huA hai / durbhAgyavaza, yaha hamAre vaza kI bAta nahIM thI / prastAvanA ( dvitIyAvRtti) sAmAnyataH dvitIya saMskaraNa, prathama saMskaraNa ke kucha varSa bAda hI karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / inameM mukhyata: prathama saMskaraNa meM raha gaye mudraNa- akSarI - vAkyavinyAsa yA tathyasambaddha doSa ko sudhArane kA maukA milatA hai, kintu prathama saMskaraNa kI mudrita pratiyoM ke samAptaprAyaH hone para bhI kucha mitra vikratAoM se aura nakaloM kI mA~ga Ane ke kAraNa prathamAvRtti meM koI asAdhAraNa phera phAra ke binA dUsarA saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| alabattA, kahIM kahIM thoDA bahuta sudhAra evaM choTe choTe vardhana jarUra kiye gaye haiM / zrI zrIprakAza pANDeyane kucha samaya ke liye zA0 ci0 e0 ri0 se0 meM kAma kiyA thA / unhoMne prathama saMpAdaka se banArasa meM zikAyata kI thI ki isa grantha para unhoMne bahuta mehanata kI thI aura unakA RNasvIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA / unhoMne prathama prUphsa par3hakara DA0 jagadIzacandra jI ko pUrvAvalokana likhane ke liye saMsthA se bheja diyA thA / jisa para DAkTara sAhaba ne apanA pratibhAva pUrvAvalokana meM vyakta kiyA hai / ataH zrI pANDeya kI upasahAyatA ke liye hama upakRta haiM / grantha meM saMlagna do citra amerikana insTiTyUTa oNpha inDiyana sTaDIja, gur3agA~va ke saujanya se yahA~ prakaTa kiyA hai / ukta saMsthA ke hama AbhArI haiM / isa saMskaraNa ko taiyAra karane meM paM0 mRgendranAtha jhA, zrI nAraNabhAI, paM0 balabhadra prajApati, aura lesarAMkana meM sudeza zAha evaM akhileza mizra kI bhI sahAyatA milI hai / ataH inalogoM ko hama sAdhuvAda dete haiM / saMpAdaka 1 madhusUdana DhAMkI jitendra zAha

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1 bhUmikA siddhasena divAkara (prAya: IsvI paMcama zatI pUrvArdha) 1 evaM svAmI samantabhadra (saMbhavata: IsvI 550-625)' nirgrantha jagat meM Adima evaM apratima stutikAra hote hue bhI, unakI adhikatara kRtiyA~ durUha hone ke kAraNa kevala vidvad-bhogyA hI raha gaIM; kyoMki bhaktirasa aura bhAvAtmakatA kI jagaha unameM jinendra kA vizeSakara buddhijanita, darzanaparaka evaM nyAyAnugAmI guNAnuvAda kendrasthAna para virAjamAna hai / upalabdha nirgrantha stuti - stava stotrAdi meM yadi sarvAdhika priya, pracalita aura saMga hI sarvAMgasuSThu bhI koI ho to vaha hai mAnatuMgAcArya kI kAlajayI racanA, bhaktAmarastotra / nirgrantha darzana meM racA gayA yadi koI eka hI utkRSTa stotra cunanA ho to pasaMdagI usakI hI sakatI hai / itanA suprasiddha aura sarvapriya hone kA kAraNa hai usakI apratima kAvya-suSamA, nirbAdha pravAhitA, karNapezala Andolitatva, aura ina saba meM prANarUpa sattvalakSaNA bhakti jaise uttamottama guNoM kI maujUdagI / inhIM kAraNoM se vaha eka aisI sarvAMgasundara kRti bana gaI hai, jisakA mukAbalA nahIM ho sakA, varan anukaraNa kAfI tAdAda meM huA / madhyakAla kI to aneka stutiparaka nirgrantha racanAoM para usakA prabhAva chAyA huA hai' / vasaMtatilakA aparanAma madhumAdhavI vRtta meM nibaddha isa prasanna - gambhIra, bhAvonmeSa -sabhara evaM cetohara racanA kA apanA viziSTa aura ananubhUta chandolaya hai / isa kAraNa pratyeka padya, aura usake aMgabhUta hara eka caraNa, hemanta Rtu ke prazAnta sAgara para uThatI manda manda taraMgAvalI kA bhAsa detA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kAvya- paThana kSaNoM meM gumbaz2a ke bhItara uThate pratirava ke samAna adbhuta pratighoSa bhI sahasA prakaTa hotA hai aura saMga hI AhlAda aura ullAsa kI saukhyAnubhUti kA anAyAsa AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai / nirgrantha-stotra - ratna- maMjUSA meM yU~ to aneka dIptimAna ratna bhare par3e haiM; parantu isameM abhijAta gumphanA, prasannakara padavinyAsa, aura samucita evaM svAbhAvika alaMkAroM se sajIlI aisI sarvaguNasampanna koI aura stavanAtmaka racanA najara nahIM AtI / yugAdIzvara jina RSabha ke guNastava svarUpa isa ananya stotra kI, nirgrantha-darzana kI donoM vidyamAna paramparAoM--zvetAmbara evaM digambara meM, karIba samAna rUpa se mAnyatA hai, aura donoM meM vaha utanA hI pratiSThAprApta hai / sadiyoM se vaha stotra kaMThastha kiyA jAtA rahA hai, aura donoM usake racayitA ko apane-apane sampradAya kA mAnate haiM / isa mudde ko lekara vartamAna meM kAfI bahasa bhI hotI rahI hai / bahasa eka aura mudde para bhI hotI rahI hai : vaha hai stotra kI padyasaMkhyA, jo zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 44 hai aura digambara meM 48 / isa sadAharita, sucAru, zrutimadhura evaM lalita gambhIra stotra kI maulika padyasaMkhyA, racayitA mAnatuMgAcArya kA saMbhavita samaya, aura unake asalI sampradAya ke sambandha meM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra aura UhApoha kA prArambha qhAsa karake jarmana vidvavibhUti haeNramAna kaoNbI, tatpazcAt vaidika vidvAn mahAmahopAdhyAya durgAprasAda zAstrI tathA vAsudeva lakSmaNa puNasikara, digambara vidvadupuMgava paM0 nAthUrAma

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra premI', munivara kalyANavijaya', zvetAmbara vidvadvarya hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA, zodhaka-prakAzaka sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, aura unake atirikta digambara paNDitapravara ajIta kumAra jaina zAstrI; aura anya zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM zrImad sAgarAnanda sUri 3, muni darzanavijaya, muni tripuTI'5, muni caturavijaya, vidvAn zreSThivara agaracanda nAhaTA, aura digambara vidvadgaNa jinameM zrIyut ratanalAla kaTAriyA, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI, DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI, aura DA0 jyotiprasAda jainare, ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina se chaha sAla pUrva zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 dhIrajalAla TokarazI zAha3, evaM vaidika vidvAn DA0 rudradeva tripAThI ne bhI bhaktAmara ko lekara upayukta carcA kI hai / aba se kucha hI sAla pUrva tantrIpravara ramaNalAla zAha dvArA bhI upayukta UhApoha huA hai / upalabdha vAGmaya meM mAnatuMga ke jIvana se sambaddha kathA sabase pahale zvetAmbara AmnAya ke rAjagaccha ke prabhAcandrAcArya racita prabhAvakacarita6 (saM0 1334 / I0 1277) meM milatI hai / tatpazcAt uttara-madhyakAla meM nAgendragacchIya merutuMgAcArya ke prabandhacintAmaNi (saM0 1361 / I0 1305), rudrapallIyagaccha ke guNAkara sUri kI bhaktAmara-vivRtti28 (saM0 1426 / I0 1370) aura prabandhAtmaka saMkalana grantha purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha ke antargata "mAnatuMgAcArya prabandha' (I0 15 zatAbdI madhyabhAga) meM upalabdha hai / isake alAvA tapAgacchIya munisuMdara sUri kI gurvAvalIdeg (saM0 1466 / I0 1410) jaisI paTTAvalyAtmaka kRtiyA~ aura tapAgacchIya zubhazIla gaNi kA bhaktAmaramAhAtmya (15vIM zatI tRtIya caraNa) jaisI anya zvetAmbara racanAoM meM bhI isa viSaya meM yathAvakAza saMkSipta yA vistAra se ullekha yA kathAtmaka vivaraNa hue haiM / ___ isa stotra para uttara-madhyakAla meM 17vIM zatAbdI taka kI aneka vRttiyA~ tathA avacUAtmaka evaM mahimAparaka racanAe~ bhI prApta haiM / pahale digambara AmnAya se prApta aisI racanAe~, unake jJAta-ajJAta kartA evaM racanA-kAla sahita, prathama tAlikAmeM prastuta kI jAtI haiM : (dekhie tAlikA kramAMka 1) / ina uttara-madhyakAlIna digambara kartAoM ke atirikta 19vIM zatI meM bhaTTAraka surendrabhUSaNa kI eka aura paM0 zivacandra kI bhaktAmarastotra-TIkA ityAdi anya bhI racanAe~ huI haiM / ThIka isI taraha zvetAmbara sampradAya se bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM vRttiTIkAdi sAhitya prApta hue haiM, jo yahA~ dvitIya tAlikA meM pradarzita haiM / inake atirikta prA0 kApar3iyA ne kIrti gaNi, candrakIrti sUri aura haritilaka gaNi kI aisI hI racanAe~ hone kA z2ikra to kiyA hai32, para unake samayAdi kA patA nahIM ho sakA / ye saba prAya: 16vIM-17vIM zatAbdI ke kartA rahe hoMge / (inameM se candrakIrti yadi nAgorI tapAgaccha se sambaddha hoMge to samaya 16vIM zatI AkhirI caraNa aura kharataragacchIya hoMge to 17vIM zatI pUrvArdha rahegA / ) bhaktAmarastotra ke eka caraNa ko pAdapUrti yA samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM rakhakara bhI kaI racanAe~ baMdhI huI haiM / digambara sampradAya meM "nemi bhaktAmara" nAmaka siMhasaMgha ke dharmasiMha sUriziSya ratnasiMha sUri kI aisI, eka hRdayaMgama racanA upalabdha hai jisako zrImAn jyotiprasAda jaina I0 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI jitanI purAnI mAnate haiM33; para isa natIje para pahuMcane kA koI Thosa pramANa unhoMne peza nahIM kiyA hai|

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bhUmikA stotra kI zailI to mugala yuga ke acche saMskRta likhane vAle kavi-paMDitoM jaisI hai / isalie isakI prati kitanI purAnI milatI hai vaha bhI dekhanA jarUrI hai / eka bAta aura yaha bhI hai ki yadi vaha 12vIM13vIM zatI jitanI purAnI racanA hai, to uttara-madhyakAla meM (jisa vakta bhaktAmara ko lekara aneka racanAe~ huI thIM) kyoM aisI koI aura racanA digambara sampradAya meM nahIM huI ? (ThIka yahI racanA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM saMghaharSaziSya dharmasiMha sUri ke ziSya ratnasiMha kI mAnI jAtI hai, para vaha kRti 48 padyoM vAle bhaktAmara ko lekara hai, isa kAraNa vaha mUlata: digambara honA saMbhAvita hai / parantu zvetAmbara usake cAra vizeSa padyoM ko prakSipta mAnate haiM, aisI kApar3iyA mahodaya ne TippaNI kI hai; para yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai / ) dUsarI ora zvetAmbara sampradAya meM malliSeNa kA eka bhaktAmarastotra-chAyAstava milatA hai / yadi vaha syAdvAdamaMjarIkAra nAgendragacchIya malliSeNa kA ho (aura unake sivA aura to koI malliSeNa nAmaka muni zvetAmbara paramparA meM hai nahIM !) to vaha stava IsvI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke antima varSoM kA ho sakatA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM pAdapUrtirUpa racanAe~ uttara madhyayuga meM bahuta sI huI haiM / isakI sUcI hama yahA~ prA0 kApar3iyA kI dI huI sUciyoM evaM kucha anya sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para tAlikA kramAMka 3 meM peza kara rahe haiN| uvasaggaharathotta jaise stotroM kI taraha bhaktAmarastotra ko bhI kama se kama 14 veM zataka se mantrayukta honA mAnA jAtA thA aisA andAz2A guNAkara sUri kI vRtti meM nidarzita mantrAmnAyoM meM se nikala sakatA hai / bAda meM yaha pravRtti bar3hatI hI calI gaI aura Aja to zvetAmbara-digambara bhaMDAroM meM tathA vyaktigata saMgrahoM meM bhaktAmara sambaddha aneka mantra-tantra yukta pothiyA~ milatI haiM / isa sandarbha meM vidyAvAridhi jyotiprasAda jaina kA avalokana yahA~ uddhRta karanA upayukta hogA / "digambarAcArya prabhAcandra ne isa stotra ko "mahAvyAdhinAzaka" batAyA to zvetAmbarAcArya prabhAcandra sari (13vIM zatI) ne ise "sarvopadravahartA' batAyA / vastuta: yaha stotra mAntrika zakti se adbhutarUpa meM sampanna hai| isake pratyeka padya ke sAtha eka-eka Rddhi, maMtra-yaMtra evaM mAhAtmya sUcaka AkhyAna sambaddha haiM / "35 lekina kaTAriyA mahAnubhAva kA vizvAsa hai ki "bhaTTArakAdikoM ne isa sarala aura vItarAga stotra ko bhI maMtrataMtrAdi aura unakI kathAoM ke jAla se gUMthakara jaTila aura sarAga banA diyA hai.... / '36 durgAprasAda zAstrI kA bhI kahanA hai : "kaizcana TIkAkAraiH pratizlokaM mantrastatprabhAvakathA ca likhitAsti / te ca mantrAstattatpadyebhya: kathaM nirgatA iti ta eva jAnanti / mantrazAstrarItyA tu tebhya: zlokebhyasteSAM mantrANAmuddhAro duSkara eva / '37 aisA lagatA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke nAmasmaraNa se 'aSTamahAbhaya' dUra hote haiM aisI kalpanA ko lekara stotra meM ATha padya sanniviSTa hone se isako uttara-madhyakAla meM mantragarbhita mAna liyA gayA / bAda meM to stotra ke pratyeka padya ke lie yantra banAkara, mUlakartA ke sIdhe evaM nirdoSa Azaya kI avahelanA karake, stotra para bhISaNa rUpa se mAntrika-tAntrika balAtkAra kiyA gayA / parama sAttvika nirgrantha darzana ke lie mAntrika-tAntrika kriyA aghora evaM akalpya to hai hI, sAtha hI sAvadya evaM utsUtra-pravRtti hone ke kAraNa vaha sarvathA niSiddha bhI hai / (11vI

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra bhaktAmara vastutayA paramodAtta, bhaktirasa se otaprota, evaM Atmonnatiparaka racanA hai / usameM kahIM bhI bhautika lAlasAoM ko saMbhUta karane kA kImiyA na to prakaTa na hI chipe rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai, na hI vahA~ aihika eSaNAoM kI tRpti kA koI tarIkA batAyA gayA hai ! usameM to prazamarasadIpta, dhyAnastha, prazAntamUrti vItarAga ke samAna banane kI kAmanA hI kendrastha hai / yathA : 4 nAtyadbhutaM bhuvanabhUSaNa ! bhUtanAtha ! bhUtairguNairbhuvi bhavantamabhiSTuvantaH / tulyA bhavanti bhavato nanu tena kiM vA ! bhUtyAzritaM ya iha nAtmasamaM karoti / / vizeSakara guptayuga pazcAt bhArata meM cAroM ora, karIba sarva dharma-sampradAyoM meM phaila gaye maMtrataMtravAda nirgrantha dharma bhI achUtA na raha sakA / usa z2amAne kI tAsIra ko dekhakara, apane astitva ko TikAne ke khAtira yadi usane mantra-tantra ko apanAyA ho to bhI saiddhAntika, dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se usakA koI samarthana nahIM milatA / yahA~ isa mudde para kucha aura vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / nirgrantha darzana meM vizeSakara anuguptakAla se uttara kI paramparA meM caityavAsa, aura dakSiNa kI paripATI meM maThavAsa kA prAdurbhAva huA / uttara vAle nirgrantha- gaNa yU~ to AgamoM ke acche jJAtA evaM saMrakSaka rahe haiM, aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM kA bhI unhoMne vipula pramANa meM sarjana kiyA; phira bhI ve zithilAcAra meM kramaza: kAfI hada taka pravRtta ho gae the / vijjAoM - vidyAoM-siddhiyoM kI, aura unake kAraNa mAntrika upAsanA kI ora jhukAva to uttarApatha ke nirgranthoM meM guptakAla se, saMbhavataH usase bhI pahale, zurU ho gayA thA / usa yuga meM hue AcArya Arya khapaTa ko saMghadAsa gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bRhatkalpabhASya ( IsvI 6ThI zatI madhyabhAga) meM "vidyAbali " kahA gayA hai, evaM unake vidyA sAmarthya sambaddha vivaraNAtmaka kathAe~ madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara sAhitya meM purAnI anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para 11vIM - 12vIM zatAbdI se milatI haiM / I mantravAda kA praveza to isa taraha prAcIna kAla meM ho gayA thA, kintu tantra kA praveza prAkamadhyakAla se hI huA / Arya zayyaMbhava (vA Arya svAyambhUva) ke mAne jAte dazavaikAlika sUtra ke prAyaH IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI vAle hisse meM " AcAra praNidhI adhyayana" meM muniyoM ke lie nakhkhata kiMvA nakSatra (jyotiSa), sumina ( supina, svapna), joga ( yogavidyA ), nimitta (aSTAMga nimitta ke AdhAra para bhaviSya kathana), maMta (mantra) aura bhesaja (bhaiSajya ) kA prayoga niSiddha batAyA gayA hai / yathA : nakhataM suminaM jogaM nimittaM maMta bhesajaM / gaNitaM na cikkhe bhUtAdhikaraNaM padaM / / dazavaikAlikasUtra 8-50

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bhUmikA ThIka isI taraha uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke "mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana" (prAya: IsA pUrva kI dvitIya zatI) ke antargata bhI lakkhana (lakSaNa, hastarekhA-zAstra), svapna, nimitta, kutarka, vidyA (jAdU), aura strI se nirvAha karane vAle kI zaraNa na lene kI anujJA hai / yathA : je lakkhanaM suvinaM pauMjamAne nimitta-kouhala-saMpagADhe / kuheDa-vijjAsava-dArajIvI na gacchatI saranaM tammi kAle / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra (20.45) isI sUtra ke "sa bhikkhu" adhyayana ke do padyoM meM bhI karIba-karIba inhIM viSayoM ko bhikSu ke lie tyAjya mAnA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki chinnavidyA, svarazAstra, bhauma (nimitta kA eka prakAra), AkAzajJAna, svapnazAstra, lakSaNazAstra, yaSTijJAna, vAstuvidyA, aMgavidyA aura svara-vijayAdi vidyAoM kA upajIvI na ho, vahI bhikSu hai / tadatirikta mantra, mUlikA, vamana-virecanAdi vividha prakAra ke vaidakIya cikitsAdi vyavasAyoM kA tyAgI ho, vahI bhikSu hai / yathA : chinnaM saraM bhommaM aMtalikkhaM suvinaM lakkhana daMDa vatthuvijaM / aMgaviyAraM sarassa vijayaM je vijAhiM na jIvatI sa bhikkhu / / maMtaM mUlaM vividhaM vijjaciMtaM vamana-virecana-dhUma-netta-sinAnaM / Ature saranaM tiricchiyaM ca taM parinnAya parivvate sa bhikkhu / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 15.7,8 isibhAsiyAiM (RSibhASitAni) bhI bahuta prAcIna, IsA pUrva kI sadiyoM kA grantha hai / vahA~ arhat vAratraka ke mukha meM nimnoTTaMkita padya rakhA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai ki (muni ko) lakSaNa, svapna, prahelikA Adi kA kathana karanA zrAmaNya dharma se viparIta hai, yathA : je lakkhana-suvina-paheligAo AkkhAtIyati ca kutUhalAo / maddadAnAtiM nare pauMjate sAmannassa mahantaraM khu se / / - isibhAsiyAI 27-4 aura isI grantha meM arhat indranAga ke upadeza meM vidyA, mantropadeza, dUtI-saMpreSaNa, bhAvibhavakathanAdi ke sahAre jInA avizuddha samajhA gayA hai / vijjA-maMtopadasehiM dUtIsaMpesanehi vA / / bhAvIbhavopadesehiM avisuddhaM tu jIvati / / - isibhAsiyAI 41-20 ina saba meM tantra kA ullekha nahIM milatA, kyoMki ye tInoM sUtra-grantha bahuta prAcIna haiM; jabaki

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra tantra kA vibhAva anuguptakAla aura nirgranthoM meM to vizeSakara prAkamadhyakAla se sammUrta huA thA / parantu jahA~ vidyA evaM mantrAdi niSiddha haiM vahA~ tantra kI chUTa to dI hI nahIM jA sakatI / vastutayA uparyukta niSedhAjJAoM ke saMga tantra kA niSedha apane Apa anusyUta bana jAtA hai, phalita ho jAtA hai / nirgranthoM ke lie ina thothe mantra-tantrakI kriyAe~-tantramArga-vastuta: AtmasAdhana aura muktimArga kA pradarzaka bananA to eka tarapha rahA, saiddhAntika dRSTi se saMsAravRddhi evaM bhavabhramaNa kA kAraNa to ni:zaMka hI bana jAtA hai / isa viSaya meM bhaktAmara ke anulakSita aise eka pahalU para aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se Age kucha vicAra kiyA jAyegA / TippaNiyA~ :1. siddhasena divAkara ke samaya ke sambandha meM vistAra se unakI "parAtmA dvAtriMzikA' Adi tIna stutiyoM ke puna: saMpAdana ke samaya abhI taiyAra ho rahA grantha, zrIbRhad nirgrantha stutimaNimaMjUSA (prathama khaNDa) kI gujarAtI meM lIkhI gaI "prastAvanA" ke aMtargata kahA jAyagA / 2. svAmI samantabhadra ke samaya sambaddha carcA ahamadAbAda se prakAzita honevAle sAmayika nirgrantha ke tRtIyAMka meM prathama saMpAdaka ke "svAmI samantabhadrano samaya" nAmaka gujarAtI lekha meM, dekha sakate haiM / 3. ye donoM mahAstutikAra dArzanika yuga meM hue the / svabhAva se inakI kRtiyA~ darzanapravaNa rahI haiM, phira bhI siddhasena kI parAtmA dvAtriMzikA aura samantabhadra ke svayambhUstotra ke kucha padya udAtta evaM kAvyaguNapUta haiM / 4. kumudacandrAcArya kRta kalyANamaMdirastotrAdi prasiddha haiM / isake alAvA nimnoddhRta padya bhI dekhie jo pRthak pRthak madhyakAlIna-uttarakAlIna stuti-stotroM se liyA gayA hai jina para bhaktAmara kA prathama padya kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / kucha stutioM meM devatAoM ke samUha sambaddha, to kucha meM mAtra devendra ke lie hI, unake mukuTamaNiprabhA tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM ko prakAzita karatI hai / a) paJcaparameSTi stuti (paJcagurubhakti; prAya: 7vIM zatI) zrImadamarendramukuTapraghaTitamaNi kiraNavAridhArAbhiH / prajvalita padayugalAnpraNamAmi jinezvarAnbhaktyA / / 1 / / - hu0 zra0 si0 pA0, pR0 128 A) caityastuti (caityabhakti; prAya: 7vIM zatI) tadetamarezvara pracalamaulimAlA maNi sphuratkiraNacumbanIya caraNAravindadvayam / punAtubhagavajinendra tava rUpamandhikRtam jagatkalamanyatIrthagururUpadoSodayaiH / / 36 / / - hu0 aM0 si0 pA0, pR0 151 i) bRhad-zAntistava kI prata ke anta meM : (10vIM zatI)

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bhUmikA zrImannamrasurAsurendramukuTapradyotaratnaprabhA / bhAsvatapAdanakheMdavaH pravacanAMbhodharasthAyinaH / / I) kumArapAla kRta Atmagastiotra (prAya: I0 1160-1170) namrAkhilAkhaNDalamauliratna razmicchaTApallavitAMghripITha vidhvasta vizvavyasana prabandha trilokavandyo jayatAjinendra / / 1 / / - jai0 sto0 saM0 bhAga 1, pR0 27 u) ajJAta kartRka zatrujaya-catuSka (prAya: 12vIM zatI) AnandanamrakapratridazapatiziraH sphArakoTIrakoTIpreDan mANikyamAlA zucirucilaharI dhautapAdAravindam / AdyaM tIrthAdhirAja bhuvanabhavabhRtAM karmamarmApahAraM vande zatruJjayAkhyaM kSitidhara kamalAkaNThazRGgArahAram / / 1 / / - stu0 ta0 bhAga 2, pR0 141, 142 U) nirnAmaka kartRka caturvizatijinastuti (prAya: 14vIM-15vIM zatI) Anandasundara purandara namramauli mauliprabhA samita(sahita) dhautapadAravindaH zrI nAbhivaMzajalarAzi nizIthinIza: zreyaH zriyaM prathayatu prathamojineza: / / 1 / / - stu0 ta0 bhAga 3, pR0 302 e) tapAgacchIya somasuMdarasUri-ziSya viracita caturviMzatistotra (prAya: IsvI 1425-1450) Ananda namra suranAyaka nAbhijAta bhaktAGgi saGghaTita divyaMku nAbhijAtaH / / cittaM mameza ! bhavabhaJjanAbhijA''ta / kastvAM zivecchurabhivAJchati nAbhijAta / / 1 / / - stu0 ta0 bhAga 2, pR0 141-142 ai) ajJAta kartRka stuti (prAya: 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI) bhaktAmarendra nata paGkajamudvikAra zrI vItarAgamajamAptamudAratAram / tIrthezvaraM svabalanirjitakarmasAraM zAntiM stuve smaravitAna vinAzakAram / / 1 / / - stu0 ta0 bhAga 3, pR0 80 o) tapAgacchIya hemahaMsa gaNi stuti (prAya: 15vauM zataka)

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra namrAmareSu maNimaulitaTISu yeSAM pAdA:sukhena nakhakoTi nizAmaTakaiH / sauvIM likhanti nu jagadvijayaprazastiM stoSye catu:sahitaviMzatimahadastAn / / 1 / / - stu0 ta0 bhAga 3, pR0 266 au) devakulapATaka-ciMtAmaNi-pArzvanAtha-stotra (prAya: 15vIM zatI madhyabhAga) namaddevanAgendramandAramAlA marandacchaTA dhautapAdAravindaM / parAnaMda sandarbha lakSmIsanAthaM stuve deva cintAmaNi pArzvanAtham / / 1 / / DCMBRI, P. 305 aM) jJAnabhUSaNa kRta jinastuti (prAya: 16vIM zatI ?) namrAmarezvara kirITaniviSTazoNa ratnaprabhApaTalapATalitAghripIThAH / tIrthezvarA: zivapurIpathasArthavAhAH niHzeSavastu paramArthavido jayanti / / 1 / / - jai0 sto0 saM0 bhAga 1, pR0 53 . 5. isa viSaya para prA. hIrAlAla kApar3iyA kA mata hama Age prastuta kareMge / 6. Hermann Yacobi, Indische Studien, 14, 1876, p. 359 pp.1. isake alAvA unakI "Foreword", bhaktAmarakalyANamaMdiranamiuNastotratrayam, saM0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthAMka 79, muMbaI 1932. Harmann Yacobi' kA uccAra 'harmaNa 'yakobI' hotA hai aisA unhoMne (sva0) kApar3iyAjI ko svahasta meM nAgarI lipi meM likha ke diyA thA, aura saMpAdakoM ne isa bAre meM jagadIzacandra jI ko vAkefa kiyA thA / (sandarbha ke lie dekhiye kApar3iyA, "stuti-stotronuM paryAlocana," jainayuga, vaizAkha 1983, pR0 447, TippaNa 1). 7. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka (dvitIya saMskaraNa), muMbaI 1896, pR0 1-10. 8. "bhUmikA", bhaktAmarastotra, muMbaI 1916, tathA "bhUmikA", AdinAtha stotra, SaSThAvRtti, muMbaI 1923. (yaha grantha hameM mila nahIM pAyA / ) 9. zrIprabhAvakacarita (bhASAntara) (gujarAtI), zrI jaina AtmAnaMda graMthamAlA naM0 63, bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 1987 (IsvI 1932), pR0 68-70 ; tathA vahA~ "mAnasuri prabandha", pR0 172-183. 10. saMskRta "bhUmikA", bhaktAmarakalyANamaMdiranamiuNastotratrayam, muMbaI 1932, pR01-38, tathA vahIM gujarAtI "bhUmikA", pR0 1-34 ; tadatirikta jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, khaMDa 2 upakhaMDa 1, (gujarAtI), zrI mukti-kamala-jaina-mohana-mAlA : puSpa 64, sUrata 1964, pR0 313-319. 11. "prastAvanA", pUrvAcArya viracita mahAprabhAvika navasmaraNa, (gujarAtI), ahamadAbAda 1938, pR0 315-459.

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bhUmikA 12. "bhaktAmarastotra", anekAnta, 2.1, naI dillI 1939, pR0 69-72. 13. sAgara samAdhAna, bhAga 2, dUsarI AvRtti, zrI jaina pustaka pracAraka saMsthA, surata vi0 saM0 2028 (I0 sa0 1972), pR0 286-288. 14. "digambara zAstra kaise bane ? prakaraNa 21 A0 zrI mAnatuMgasUri", zrI jaina satya prakAza, pu0 2 aMka 9, ahamadAbAda 1937, pR0 517-518, tathA "zrI bhaktAmara stotra", (gujarAtI), zrI jaina satya prakAza, varSa 8 aMka 9, ahamadAbAda 1942, pR0 25-28.15. 15. jaina paraMparAno itihAsa [bhAga bIjo], (gujarAtI), zrIcAritrasmAraka granthamAlA graM0 54, ahamadAbAda 1960, pR0 7-8. 16. "prastAvanA", (gujarAtI), jaina stotra sandoha, dvitIya bhAga, ahamadAbAda 1936, pR0 12-14. 17. "bhaktAmara-stotra ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 44 yA 48 ?" zramaNa, varSa 21, aMka 10, vArANasI agasta 1970, pR0 27-31 ; tathA "bhaktAmara stotra ke pAda-pUrtirUpa stava-kAvya", zramaNa, varSa 21, aMka 11, vArANasI sitambara 1970, pR0 25-29; aura "bhaktAmara stotra ke 4-4 atirikta padya". jaina saMdeza, bhAga 41. saMkhyA 40, mathurA pharavarI 1971, pR0 199-202. 18. "bhaktAmarastotra", jaina nibandha ratnAvali, zrI vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA 1966, pR0 334-342, aura vahA~ ___ "pariziSTa', pR0 437-438. 19. "AcArya mAnatuGga", anekAnta,18-6, phebru0 1966, pR0 242-247; tathA saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, dillI 1971 aura "kavIzvara mAnatuGga", (hindI), bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna, (prathama khaNDa), sAgara 1982, pR0 211-218. 20. "prastAvanA", bhaktAmara-stotram, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1969. 21. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA :20:, vArANasI 1973, pR0 569 570. 22. "prastAvanA", sacitra bhaktAmara rahasya, saM0 kamalakumAra jaina zAstrI 'kumuda', dillI 1977, pR0 18-40. 23. bhaktAmara-rahasya, jaina sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, muMbaI 1971, pR0 32-43. 24. uparyukta grantha, "prastAvanA", pR0 13-24 tathA vahIM paMcama khaMDa aMtargata "kAvya samIkSA Adi", pR0 387-408. 25. "bhaktAmara stotra - keTalAka prazno", (gujarAtI), prabuddha jIvana, muMbaI 16-4-'87, pR0 203-206. 26. saM0 jinavijaya muni, (prathama bhAga-mUla grantha), siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 13, tadantargata "mAnatuMga caritam" ahamadAbAda-kalakattA 1940, pR0 112-117. 27. saM0 jinavijayamuni, prathama bhAga, vahA~ "mAnatuMgAcArya prabandha", siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 1, zAntiniketana 1933, pR0 44-45. 28. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR. 2-5. 29. saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 2, vahA~ "zrI mAnatuGgAcArya prabandha",kalakattA 1936, pR0 15-16.

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10 30. zrI yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA 4 dvitIya AvRtti, vI0 saM0 2437 / IsvI 1910, pR0 4. " mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 31. isa grantha ke sambandha meM hamane kucha ullekha hI dekhA hai, mUla grantha prApta nahIM ho sakA / 32. kApar3iyA, jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, bhAga 2, sUrata 1968, pR0 316. 33. jyotiprasAda, "prastAvanA", sacitra bhaktAmara0, pR0 26. 34. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara, prastAvanA (gujarAtI), pR0 14. 35. jyotiprasAda, sacitra bhaktAmara0, pR0 26. 36. kaTAriyA, "bhaktAmara stotra", jaina nibandha0, pR0 342. 37. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 1 2, TippaNI. 38. nirgrantha darzana meM kaSAyoM ko kSINa karake, sakala karmoM se vimukta hone se, mokSa prApta hotA hai aisI dRr3ha saiddhAntika mAnyatA hai / mantra - tantrAdi meM 'Alambha' yA 'Arambha' (hiMsAyukta) pravRtti, taduparAnta rAga, dveSa, mohAdi meM garta hone ke alAvA inameM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se to koi upalabdhi saMbhava nahIM /

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bhUmikA (tAlikA kramAMka 1) kartA kRti kRti samaya kramAMka 1 | devacandraziSya muni nAgacandra | paJca-stotra-TIkA antargata | prAya: I0 1475 "bhaktAmara-stotra TIkA" | bhaTTAraka somasena bhaktAmarodyApana prAya: I0 1484 | bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa bhaktAmarodyApana bhaktAmaravRtti saM0 1637 / I01580 prAya: IsvI 1610 4 | brahma0 rAyamalla (pazcAt ke bhaTTAraka ratnacandra) | zrIbhUSaNaziSya brahma0 jJAnasAgara bhaktAmarapUjana prAya: IsvI 1610 bhaktAmarastavapUjana prAya: IsvI 1625 bhaTTAraka lakSmIcandraziSya brahma0 jJAnasAgara bhaktAmarastava prAya: IsvI 1627 | ratnacandragaNi | pAMDe haimarAja gadyavacanikA vidyamAnatA saM0 1709-16/ I0 1653-1670 anantabhUSaNaziSya bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa bhaktAmaracarita aparanAma bhaktAmarakathA saM0 1732 / I0 1665 10 kavi vinodIlAla bhaktAmara-carita-kathA | saM0 1747 /I0 sa01691

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (tAlikA kramAMka 2) kramAMka kartA racanA | racanAkAla TippaNI khaMDelagacchIya | bhaktAmaravRtti | | prAya: I0 14vIM | upalabdha prati kI pratilipi zAntisUri zatAbdI pUrvArdha yA | I0 14vIM zatAbdIuttarArdha / 13vIM zatAbdI kramAMka 278vAM, (khaMbhAta) uttarArdha zAntinAtha grantha bhaNDAra, (aprakAzita) / rudrapallIya abhinavavRtti | saM0 1426 / guNAkarasUri yA vivRti | I0 1370 3 rAmacandrasUri paryAya yA saM0 1472/ saMvat 1490 meM vikramacarita laghuvRtti | I0 1405 kathA tathApaMcadaMDAtapatraprabandha ke kartA paurNimika rAmacandra yahI hai ? 4 ajJAta kartRka |viSamapada avacUri saM0 1482 / yaha guNAkara kI vRtti para I0 1425 AdhArita hai / kharataragacchIya vArtika evaM vRtti| I0 1459 se kucha merusundaraupAdhyAya sAla pUrva ajJAta kartRka | avacUri | I0 1462 se kucha sAla pUrva caitragacchIya vRtti saM0 1524 / guNAkarasUri I0 1468 ajJAta kartRka / avacUri / | I0 1572 se kucha lipi kA saMvat 1628 sAla pUrva ajJAtagacchIya | sukhabodhapaMjikA I0 1584 se kucha lipi vi0 saM0 1640 se pUrva amaraprabha muni | yA sukhabodhikA| samaya pUrva vAcanAcArya (upAdhyAya) deva sundara ke anurodha se banAI gii| 9

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bhUmikA 10 | nAgorI tapAgacchIya | TIkA harSakIrti ajJAta kartRka / avacUri 11 / vi0 saM0 1650 / / I0 1594 I0 1594 se kucha | prati kI lipi saM0 1650 sAla pUrva I0 1594 I0 16vIM zatAbdI | akabarakAlIna kA anta ajJAta kartRka tapAgacchIya u0 bhAnucandra ziSya siddhicandra | vRtti | vRtti vRtti kharataragacchIya samayasundara I0 16vIM zatAbdI | akabarakAlIna kA anta bAlavRtti akabarakAlIna tapAgacchIya somakuzala vineya kanakakuzala saM0 1652 / I0 1596 vRtti tapAgacchIya zAnticandraziSya ratnacandra I0 1617 se kucha | saM0 1673 meM pradyumnacarita meM ullikhita tapAgacchIya lAbhavijaya-ziSya dharmadAsa muni vRtti avacUri saM0 1627 / I0 1570 I0 1694 se kucha lipi saM0 1750 sAla pahale I0 1704 se kucha | vijayaprabhasUri ke anurodha se sAla pUrva | kartA ne bnaaii| avacUri | ajJAtakAlIna zAyada 15vIM zatAbdI / (dhanadeva, siMhadeva, jaise devAnta | nAma isI samaya meM milate haiN| 9 tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya meghavijaya kSemadeva vRtti

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14 kramAMka 1 2 3 4 5 6) 8 9 10 6 kharataragacchIya dharmavardhanagaNi vIrabhaktAmara saM0 1736 / I0 1680 tapAgacchIya dhIravimalaziSya RSabha - caityavaMdana saM0 1750 / I0 1694 jJAnavimala 11 12 karttA tapAgacchIya hemavimalasUri ziSya vivekadharma 13 tapAgacchIya padmasuMdaraziSya vaTapadrapArzvanAtha prAya: IsvI 16vIM zatI pUrvArdha rAjasuMdara stotra RSabhabhaktAmara saM0 1680 / I0 1624 kharataragacchIya samayasundaragaNi kharataragacchIya padmasAgara | dAdApArzvabhaktAmara saM0 1685 / ziSya rAjasAgara I0 1629 kharataragacchIya vinodapramoda-pArzvabhaktAmara 17vIM zatAbdI ziSya paM0 vinayalAbhagaNi ( tAlikA kramAMka 3) racanA racanAkAla TippaNI pArzvabhaktAmara prAya: IsvI 16 zatAbdI yaha varakANA ke | pArzvanAtha ke AdhAra kA antabhAga para banAyA gayA hai / paurNimika bhAvaprabhasUri tapAgacchIya kIrtivimalaziSya lakSmIvimala mativardhana lokAgacchIya khemakarNaziSya sarasvatIbhaktAmara (IsvI 17vIM zatAbdI ? ) dharmasiMha AJcalika vivekacandra guNavijaya mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra pAdapUrtyAtmakastotra 17vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha puSpadantasuvidhi - 17 - 18 zatAbdI bhaktAmara nemibhaktAmara saM0 1784 / I0 1728/ zAntibhaktAmara saM0 1790 / I0, 1734 bhaktAmarapAdapUrti 17vIM - 18vIM zatAbdI zatruMjayagiri - RSabha ko uddezita

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bhaktAmarastotra ke sarjaka evaM sarjanakathA kathAtmaka sAhitya meM bhaktAmarastotra ke praNetA ke rUpa meM sarvatra mAnatuMgasUri kA hI nAma prasiddha hai / usameM kahIM vaimatya nahIM / unakI gRhastha-paryAya aura pravrajyA-paryAya sambandhI vigateM (details) vizeSarUpa se sabase pahale prabhAvakacarita (IsvI 1277) meM milatI haiM / samrATa harSavardhana (I0 sa0 606-647) kI sabhA meM mahAkavi bANa aura kavirAja mayUra kI pratispardhA se sambaddha lokaprasiddha kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra, mayUra dvArA camatkArapUrNa sUryazatakastava aura bANa dvArA caMDIzatakastava kI racanA ko lekara nirgrantha muni bhI aisI hI cAmatkArika racanA karane meM pIche nahIM the aisA dikhAne ke lie rAjA se nirgranthamatAvalambI mantrI kA mAnatuMgAcArya ko bulAvA dene kA anurodha, jaMjIra se bAMdhakara eka kamare meM sUri ko kaida rakhanA, 44 zrRMkhalA se bAMdhA jAnA aura ina kAraNoM se 44 padyayukta bhaktAmarastotra kI racanA karake usake prabhAva se (eka-eka padya ke prAdurbhAva ke saMga-saMga) jaMjIroM kA kramaza: TUTanA, ityAdi kA ullekha milatA hai / bAda ke prabandha, caritoM evaM mahimAparaka sAhitya meM ghaTanAsthala aura samakAlIna rAjA tathA kavivara ke sambandha meM kamobeza bAteM bhinna-bhinna srotoM meM, kabhI-kabhI kAfI farka ke sAtha, dikhAI detI haiM / ina kathAoM kI bhItarI bAtoM para mukhya rUpa se mahAmanISI yakaoNbI, prA0 kApar3iyA, DA0 nemicandra, tathA DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina Adi vidvAn vicAra kara cuke haiM; isalie hama ina bAtoM ko yahA~ saMkSepa meM tAlikA kramAMka 4 meM de rahe haiM, tathA tatsambandhI kucha upayukta vivecana nIce de rahe haiN| aitihAsika dRSTi se sabase upayogI carcA vidvacUDAmaNi yakaoNbI dvArA huI hai| unase kucha sAla pUrva vidvadvarya ktakenabaoNsa dvArA mayUra ke sUryazataka kAvya para likhI gaI unakI prastAvanA meM jo kucha kahA gayA thA, usase yAkaoNbI mahodaya kA kathana thor3A Age nikala jAtA hai / sAMprata carcA meM unake kathana kA sArAMza denA yahA~ upayukta siddha hogA / yakaoNbI mahodaya ne batAyA hai ki bANa aura mayUra ke samakAlIna hone kA koI pramANa nahIM milatA / zArGgadhara (IsvI 1368) ne rAjazekhara (prAya: IsvI 900) kA nimna uTUMkita jo uddharaNa diyA hai, usake AdhAra para itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dazama zataka ke Arambha meM ye donoM mahAkavi. zrIharSa kI sabhA ke sadasya mAne jAte the / uddharaNa isa prakAra hai: aho prabhAvo vAgdevyA yanmAtaGgadivAkaraH / zrIharSasyAbhavatsabhya: samaM bANamayUrayoH / / / tatpazcAt kavi padmagupta ne navasAhasAMkacarita (prAya: IsvI 1000) meM kahA hai ki bANa aura mayUra meM cala rahI spardhA harSa dvArA protsAhita hotI rahatI thI / yathA : sa citravarNavicchittihAriNokhanIpatiH / zrIharSa iva saMgharTa cakre bANamayUrayoH / /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra isa ullekha ke pazcAt mammaTa ne kAvyaprakAza kI svopajJavRtti (prAya: IsvI 1100) meM dvitIya kArikA kI TIkA karate hue likhA hai :- "AdityAdermayUrAdinAmivAnarthanivAraNaM"; isase mayUra ne jo sUryazataka racakara apane kuSTha roga kA nivAraNa kiyA thA vaha kathA to parilakSita hai hI, sAtha hI 'Adi zabda se aisI anya bhI camatkArika ghaTanAe~-jaise bANa ne mayUra ko spardhA meM caMDIzataka kA praNayana karake apane chede hue aMga puna: prApta kie-vaha bhI anulakSita hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / isakA sUcitArtha yaha hai ki IsvI 1100 ke pUrva mayUra-bANa sambaddha prasiddha dantakathAe~ pracalita ho cukI thiiN| aba isa bIca nirgrantha-darzana kA mahattva dikhAne ke lie mAnatuMgAcArya ko lAnA hI bAkI raha jAtA thA / vaha truTi AcArya prabhAcandra ne dUra kara dI / "mAnatuMgacarita' ke prAnta-pUrva kI kArikA meM kartA ne isa prabandha kI racanA kaise huI, yaha batAte hue likhA hai ki "zrutvA kutrApi kiMcid gRhItamiha mayA sampradAyaM ca labdhvA' arthAt likhate samaya kucha idhara-udharakA sunA huA aura kucha sampradAya meM pracalita maukhika anazrati (aura zAyada kacha likhita itivatta ?) kA AdhAra liyA gayA thA / prabhAcandra ke sAmane bANa-mayUra kI pratidvandvitA se sambaddha bAhmaNa paMDitoM dvArA gar3hI gaI kathA maujUda thI hI aura isa tarapha nirgranthoM meM bhaktAmara bhI eka apUrva, ati prasiddha evaM purAtana racanA thI, jisake kartA mAnatuMgAcArya the itanA to z2Ahira thA hI; para vaha kahA~ hue the, kaba hue the, isa viSaya se sambaddha koI jAnakArI nahIM thI / dUsarI ora camatkArI ghaTanA ke sarjana ke lie kucha preraka sAmagrI stotra meM hI par3I thI / vizeSarUpa se stotra ke 42veM (digambara 46veM) nimna uTheMkita padya meM zrRMkhalAbaMdhana kA chedana jinendra ke nAmakIrtana se hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai, jo kevala bhakta-hRdaya kI zabdabaddha kI huI bhAvanA hI hai, yathA : ApAdakaNThamuru zrRGkhalaveSTitAGgA gADhaM bRhannigaDakoTinighRSTajaGghAH / tvannAmamantramanizaM manujAH smaranta: sadya: svayaM vigatabandhabhayA bhavanti / / vinTaranits mahodaya kA kahanA ThIka hI hai ki isa padya ko AdhAra banAkara camatkAra ko kathA meM caritArtha kiyA gayA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki mayUra ke kuSTha-roga-nivAraNa kI dantakathA bhI sUryazataka ke chaThe padya ko lekara hI banI hogI / zAyada vahI ghaTanA prabhAcandra dvArA kahI gaI mAnatuMga-kathA kI preraNA evaM Adarza rahI hogI / ina paristhitiyoM meM svayaM prabhAcandra ne bhaktAmara sambaddha camatkArapUrNa kathA na bhI racI ho to unake kucha samaya pUrva kisI muni ne jinazAsana kI mahimA bar3hAne ke lie yaha prayatna kiyA hogA, aisA sAdhAraNa tarka ho sakatA hai / __prabhAcandra ke bAda merutuMgAcArya (I0 sa0 1305) ne to isa sambandha meM ati saMkSipta aura samAsa-rUpa meM hI vivaraNa diyA hai / isalie unakA kathana adhika vigatoM se bharA huA nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai, unake sAmane prabhAvakacarita na bhI rahA ho; kyoMki unakI kathA meM bANa-mayUra-mAnatuMga eka sAtha hote hue bhI unhoMne camatkAra kA ghaTanA sthala vArANasI kI jagaha ujjayinI batAyA hai aura rAjA

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bhaktAmarastotra ke sarjaka evaM sarjana kathA kA nAma diyA hai (paramArarAja) bhoja, jo kAlAtikramaNa mAtra hai; alabattA zrRMkhalA vAlI ghaTanA kA jikra vahA~ bhI hai, para yaha bandIgRha meM na ghaTakara nagarI ke yugAdIzvara ke mandira ke pichale hisse meM ghaTI thI, aisA kahA gayA hai / bhaktAmara ke sabase prAcIna do vRttikAroM meM se eka, rudrapallIya guNAkara sUri (I0 1370) ne bhI ujjayinI ko ghaTanA sthala batAyA hai; parantu sambandha-kartA rAjA ko "vRddhabhoja" kahA hai, jisase zAyada pratIhArarAja mihirabhoja (IsvI 835-888) vivakSita hai / kintu bANa-mayUra vAlI ghaTanA pracalita kiMvadantI ke anusAra hI dI hai', jo pIche kahI gaI bAta ke kAlakrama se viparIta hai / yahA~ vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne mayUra ke sUryazataka se do padya (kramAMka 1, 6) aura bANabhaTTa ke caMDIzataka se eka padya (kramAMka 1) ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jo bAta prabhAcandra ke prabhAvakacarita meM nahIM hai / mAnatuMga kI camatkAra-kathA meM eka choTI sI vigata yaha bhI dI gaI hai ki pratyeka padya ke uccAraNa ke sAtha hI zrRMkhalAe~ TUTatI gaIM, aura 42 veM padya taka pahu~cate hI baMda kie hue kamare kA bhI tAlA TUTa gayA tathA sUri bAhara nikala Aye / zvetAmbara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI isa camatkArika ghaTanA kA saMkSipta ullekha 15veM zataka ke Arambha se hotA hai / tapAgacchIya somasundara sUriziSya munisuMdara sUri kI gurvAvalI (saM0 1466 / I0 sa0 1410) meM camatkAravAlI ghaTanA kA z2ikra hai aura vizeSa meM kahA gayA hai ki bhaktAmara ke atirikta bhayaharastotra evaM bhattibharastava kA kartRtva kA zreya isI mAnatuMga ko diyA gayA hai / yathA : AsIt tato daivatasiddhiRddhaH zrImAnatuMgo'tha guruH prasiddhaH / bhaktAmarAd bANamayUravidyAcamatkRtaM bhUpamabodhayad yaH / / bhayaharata: phaNirAja yazAkArSId vazamvadaM bhagavAn / / bhaktibharetyAdinamaskArastavadRbdhabahusiddhiH / / - gurvAvalI 35-36 munisuMdarasUri ke guru somasundara sUri ke sadharmA guNaratnasUri kI usI varSa kI racanA guruparvakrama (I0 sa0 1410) meM bhI mAnatuMga se sambaddha eka choTA sA ullekha hai / yathA : bhaktAmarAdyadbhutakAvyasiddhiH zrImAnatuMgo'tha bahuprasiddhiH / - guruparvakramaH 13' nayacandra sUri kI rAjagacchapaTTAvalI (15vIM zatI, AkhirI caraNa) meM naI hI bAta dI gaI hai| vahA~ mAnatuMga ko mAlavezvara caulukya vayarasiMhadeva kA amAtya batAyA hai / vahI bhaktAmara evaM bhayaharastotra ke kartA the aisA kahA gayA hai aura bAda meM mAnatuMga se sambaddha koI ajJAta (zAyada 13vIM-14vIM zatI) kartA ke kisI stotra yA prazasti se liyA gayA padya uTaiMkita kiyA hai / yathA : yo vaidharmikalokabhUpatipurastutroTa jainastavAt / kurve zrRGkhalalohabandhanamayaM sngghprbhaavodytH|

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra yasyAdezavidhAyinI samabhavad devyambikA sarvadA pAyAd vaH sa sadA sunirmalaguNaH zrI mAnatuGgaH prabhuH / / - rAjagacchapaTTAvalI ThIka yahI padya puNyaratnasUri kI bRhadgacchagurvAvalI (saM0 1920 / I0 saM0 1564) ke antargata bhI milatA hai / mAlavezvara vairisiMha prathama (IsvI 825) evaM dvitIya (IsvI 875) paramAra vaMza ke the, caulukya (solaMkI) nahIM / aura bhaktAmarastotra nizcita rUpa se ina donoM se prAcIna racanA hai| IsvI 1580 se kucha sAla bAda likhI gaI tapAgacchIya laghuposAlikapaTTAvalI meM mAnatuMga sUri se sambaddha isa taraha kA ullekha milatA hai| mAnatuMgasUribhaktAmara-bhayahara-bhattibmara-amarastavAdikRt / bhaktAmaraM ca bhayaharaM ca vidhApanena namrIkRtaH kSitipatirbhujagAdhipazca / mAlavake tadA vRddhabhojarAjasabhAyAM mAnaM prAptaM bhaktAmarataH __ - laghuposAlikapaTTAvalI prAya: usI samaya ke samIpa tapAgacchIya dharmasAgara gaNi ke tapAgacchapaTTAvalisUtra (saM0 1648/ I0 sa0 1582) meM bhI kucha isI taraha kI bAta kahI gaI hai / yathA : yena bhaktAmarastavanaM kRtyA bANa-mayUrapaMDitavidyA camatkRto'pi kSitipatiH pratibodhitaH / bhayaharastavana karaNena ca nAgarAjo vazIkRta: bhaktibharetyAdi stavanAni ca kRtAni / / 13 digambara sAhitya meM bhaktAmarastotra se sambaddha jo kathAe~ milatI haiM, 17vIM zatI ke pUrva kI nahIM haiM / unakI hAlata to zvetAmbara kathAoM se bhI burI hai / brahma0 rAyamalla (pazcAt ke ratnacandrasUri) kI bhaktAmaravRtti (I0 sa0 1626) zvetAmbara guNAkara sUri kI vRtti (IsvI 1370) ko sAmane rakhakara banAI huI pratIta hotI hai aura sArAbhAI navAba kA to kahanA bhI hai ki guNAkara kI dI huI kathAoM, pAtroM ke nAmAdi badala kara, kucha sampradAya ke anukUla idhara-udhara herApherI karake hI racI gaI hai|4 / yahA~ to kamare bhI eka kI jagaha 48 ho gaye haiM / isameM dhArAdhIza bhoja kI sabhA ke sadasya ke rUpa meM evaM camatkAra dikhAne vAle kaviyoM meM bANa-mayUra na ho kara kAlidAsa, bhAravi aura mAgha upasthita kie gaye haiM / inameM se kAlidAsa guptakAlIna the, kirAtArjunIyakAra mahAkavi bhAravi IsvI chaThI zatAbdI pUrvArdha meM hue the aura gUrjaradezavAsI mahAkavi mAgha ke zizupAlavadha-mahAkAvya kA samaya prAya: IsvI 675 hai / bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa (IsvI 1667) to brahma0 rAyamalla se bhI Age nikala gaye haiM / yadyapi DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne vizvabhUSaNa ke bhaktAmaracarita ke antargata (digambara sampradAya meM hue) mahAkavi dhanaMjaya mAnatuMga ke ziSya the, kevala itanA hI ullekha usa prasaMga meM kiyA hai5 para DA0 nemicandra to nirdezita kara cuke haiM ki vahA~ (dhanaMjaya ke atirikta) vararuci, kAlidAsa, bhartRhari, aura zubhacandra bhI samAviSTa haiM16 / vararuci guptakAla meM (yA isase thor3A pUrva ?) kahIM the; vaiyAkaraNa bhartRhari IsvI paMcama

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bhaktAmarastotra ke sarjaka evaM sarjana kathA 1 zatI prArambha meM huai the; aura jJAnArNavakAra digambara yogI zubhacandra dasavIM zatAbdI meM ho gae the / garaja yaha ki ina pichale yuga ke digambara kathAnaka kartA zvetAmbara kathAkAroM se bhI vizeSa andhere meM the / phalata: unhoMne mAnatuMga kI garimA kA gAna karane meM mahAn evaM suvizruta nirgranthetara saMskRta kavivaroM ko itihAsa-kAla kI maryAdA dhyAna meM na rakhate hue dhArAdhIza bhoja ke darabAra meM eka samaya meM eka sAtha biThA diyaa| vastuta: ye saba camatkArapUrNa kathAe~ kitanI hAsyAspada haiM isa sambandha meM kaTAriyA mahodaya ne jo kucha kahA hai vaha bahuta hI mArmika hai / hama yahA~ unako yathAtatha uddhRta karake isa adhyAya kI samApti kareMge / "ye nirmANa-kathAyeM kitanI asaMgata, paraspara viruddha, aura asvAbhAvika haiM, yaha vicArakoM se chipA nahIM hai / kisI kathA meM mAnatuMga ko rAjA bhoja ke samaya meM batAyA hai, kisI meM kAlidAsa ke to kisI meM bANa, mayUra Adi ke samaya kA batAyA hai, jo paraspara viruddha hai / / rAjA ne kupita hokara mAnatuMga ko aise kArAgRha meM banda karavA diyA jisameM 48 koThe the aura pratyeka koThe ke eka eka tAlA thA, aisA kathA meM batAyA hai para socane kI bAta hai ki-eka vItarAga jaina sAdhu ko jisake pAsa koI zastrAstrAdi nahIM kaise koI rAjA aisA adbhuta daMDa de sakatA hai ? aura phira aisA vilakSaNa kArAgAra bhI to saMbhava nahIM / sahI bAta to yaha hai ki 48 zloka hone se 48 koThe aura 48 tAloM kI bAta gar3hI gaI hai / agara kama jyAdA zloka hote to koMThoM aura tAloM kI saMkhyA bhI kama jyAdA ho jAtI / zvetAmbara 44 zloka hI mAnate haiM- ata: unhoMne bandha bhI 44 hI batAyA hai / isa taraha ina kathAoM meM aura bhI pada pada para bahuta hI betukApana pAyA jAtA hai jo thor3e se vicAra se hI pAThaka samajha sakate haiM / ' 17 TippaNiyA~ :1. pra0 ca0, saM0 jinavijaya, pR0 112-117. 2. Jacobi, "Foreword", pp. I-VIII, bhaktAmara0, sUrata 1932. 3. Ibid., p. V. 4. Maurice Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, Vol. II, Sec. ed. Reprint, Delhi __1977, pp. 550 - 551. 5. zIrNaghrANAdhripANIndraNibhirapaghanairghagharAvyaktaghoSAn dIrghAghrAtAnaghaudhaiH punarapi ghaTayatyeka ullAghayan yaH / / dharmAMzostasya vo'ntardviguNaghanaghRNAnighnanirvighnavRtte dattArghA: siddhasaMdhairvidadhatu ghRNayaH zIghramahovighAtam / / 6 / / (sUryazatakam, (vyA0 ramAkAnta tripAThI), vidyAbhavana saMskRta granthamAlA 106, vArANasI 1964, pR0 5.)

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20 6. pra0 ciM0 saM0 jinavijaya, zAntiniketana 1933, pR0 44-45. 7. kApar3iyA0, bhaktAmara0, pR0 4 5. 8. gurvAvalI, (kartA munisundara sUri) zrI yazovijaya granthamAlA ( 4 ), kAzI vI0 saM0 2431 (60 sa0 1904), kA0 35, pR0 8-9. 9. "guruparvakrama" ( kriyAratnasamuccaya aMtargata), paTTAvalIsamuccaya, prathamobhAga, saM0 muni darzanavijaya, vIramagAma 1932, pR0 26. mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 10. "zrI rAjagaccha paTTAvalI, " vividhagacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha, prathama bhAga, saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMghI jaina gandhamAlA, gandhAMka 53, muMbaI 1953 0 63. (alabattA yahA~ prathama ke do hI caraNa uddhata hue haiM 1) 19. vahI grantha, pR0 52. 12. vahI grantha, pR0 38. 13. pa0 sa0, prathamo bhAga, pR0 49. 14. " prastAvanA", pU0 vi0 ma0 na0, ahamadAbAda 1938, pR0 14. 15. " prastAvanA", sa0 bha0 20, dillI 1977, pR0 33. 16. " AcArya mAnatuGga," anekAnta, 18-6, pR0 242. 17. "bhaktAmara stotra," jai0 ni0 20, kalakattA 1966, 50 349.

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bhaktArastotra ke sarjana evaM sarjana kathA TippaNa - - - (tAlikA kramAMka 4) mAnatuMgasambaddha | prabhAcandrAcArya kRta merUtuMgAcArya kRta | guNAkarasUri kRta purAtanaprabandha saMgraha bahmarAyamalla kRta bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa vigateM prabhAvakacarita prabandhaciMtAmaNi bhaktAmarastotravRtti ke aMtargata B,B1| bhaktAmaravRtti kRta bhaktAmaracarita (I0 saM0 1277) (I0 saM0 1305) | (I0 saM0 1370) (IsvI15vIM zatI) (I0 saM0 1610) (I0 saM0 1665) janmasthala vArANasI samakAlIna harSadeva (paramArarAja) bhoja (mihirabhoja ?) harSa bhoja bhoja rAjyakartA vRddhabhoja jJAti evaM | brahmakSatriya dhanadeva bahmakSatriya dhanadeva pitAkA nAma prathama dIkSAguru digambara cArukIrti digambara saMpradAyameM dvitIya dIkSAguru jinasiMha / dIkSitAvasthAmeM mAnatuMgAcArya kA nAma mahAkIrti thA aisA pra0ca0 aura cArukIrti | rahA aisA pu0 pra0 saM0 kA kathana hai / vizvabhUSaNake anusAra ve karNATAcArya the| samakAlIna | bANa, mayUra bANa, mayUra, | bANa,mayUra kAlidAsa, bhAravi vararuci, bhartRhari, kavi (zrImAlapura mAgha kAlidAsa, ke mAgha kavi) dhanaMjaya, zubhacandra vArANasI (dhArAnagara) ujjayinI mAlavadezameM ghaTanAsthala tAlebaMdha kamarA tAlebaMdha kamarA AdinAtha maMdira tAlebaMdha kamarA dhArAnagarI ke pIche camatkAra vArANasI dhArA

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra sarjana kRtiyA~ | bhaktAmarastotra bhaktAmarastotra bhaktAmarastotra | bhaktAmarastotra bhaktAmarastotra bhaktAmara stotra lagatA hai, pu0 saM0 bhayaharastotra bhayahara stotra | bhayahara stotra vAlA kartA ne prAya: bhaktibhara stotra pra0 ca0 kA anusaraNa kiyA hai mAnatuMgAcArya | guNAkara sUri guNAkarasUri mahAkavi dhanaMjaya ke ziSya

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA yaha suvidita hai ki zvetAmbarIya pATha meM isa stotra ke 44 aura digambarIya meM 48 padya milate haiM / kAraNa yaha ki aSTa-mahAprAtihArya ke mAne jAte samUha meM se pahale meM cAra hI, aura dUsare meM zeSa rahanevAle cAra milAkara paramparA-mAnya pUre AThoM prAtihArya nirUpaka ATha padya haiM / ina donoM meM kauna sahI hai isa viSaya ko lekara donoM pakSoM ke vidvadvaryoM ke dvArA kAfI UhApoha ho cukA hai / carcA meM hama 44 padya ko mAnane vAle pakSa kI yuktiyA~ peza kareMge, aura sAtha-sAtha pratipakSIya 48 padya vAloM kA kathana dekara apanI rAya batalAyeMge / yakaoNbI mahattara kA kathana thA ki kumudacandra viracita kalyANamandirastotra (prAya: IsvI 11001125) kA (rUpagata-zailIgata) Adarza, bhaktAmarastotra rahA hai / vaha bhI 44 padyoM meM, evaM prAya: vasantatilakA chanda meM nibaddha hai / (antima padya meM alabattA yahA~ AryA vRtta se chandobheda kiyA gayA hai, jo bhaktAmara meM nahIM hai / ) isakA matalaba yaha huA ki usa vakta (IsvI 12vIM zatI ke Arambha meM) bhI, 'anukaraNa pravRtta' kumudacandra ke sAmane bhaktAmarastotra kA jo pATha rahA thA usameM 44 padya hI the / isa sandarbha meM vidvadpuMgava DA. jyotiprasAda jaina kA kathana yahA~ uddhRta karanA prAsaMgika hogA : "eka sambhAvanA hai - AcArya kumudacandra ne kalyANamandira kI racanA 12vIM zatI I. ke prArambha ke lagabhaga kI thI / jaba zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne usa para mugdha hokara use apanA liyA aura usake sAtha siddhasena divAkara jaisA prAcIna prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya kA nAma jor3a diyA to usake anukaraNa para bhaktAmara ke cAra zloka (32, 33, 34, 35) nikAla kara use bhI kalyANamandira jaisA 44 zlokI banA liyA gayA aura ukta paramparA meM vaha usI rUpa meM pracalita ho gayA ho / vastuta: bhASA, zailI, bhAva Adi kisI dRSTi se una cAroM zlokoM ke mUlata: bhaktAmarakAra kI kRti hone meM koI bhI bAdhA nahIM hai, ve asambaddha yA asaMgata bhI nahIM haiM, aura usake binA stotra apUrNa aura sadoSa raha jAtA hai| una cAroM zlokoM meM aisI bhI koI bAta nahIM hai ki kisI bhI sampradAya ko koI Thesa lagatI ho / " kalyANamandirastotra 12vIM zatI ke prArambhika caraNa meM banA aura usake kartA digambarAcArya kumudacandra haiM, na ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke siddhasena divAkara, isa bAta se hama pUrNatayA sahamata haiM / yadyapi ise yakaoNbI mahodaya ne mAnya nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI kucha anya jaina vidvadvaryo kI taraha hama bhI mAnate haiM ki yaha kumudacandra vahI haiM jinakA gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI aNahillapattana meM bRhadgacchIya zvetapaTTa AcArya, vAdI deva sUri se IsvI 1125 meM solaMkI samrAT jayasiMhadeva siddharAja kI sabhA meM vAda huA thA / prabandhoM ke anusAra karNATaka ke bAda karNAvatI (bAda ke ahamadAbAda) meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karake ve pATana gaye the / sambhavata: usI samaya gujarAta ke zvetAmbara sampradAya unake kalyANamandirastotra se paricita huaa|

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra stotra kI usa kAla se lekara kramaza: adhikatara saMkhyA meM pratilipiyA~ bhI hotI rahI hogI, aura 13vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha ke karIba isakA jaba paryApta pracAra zvetAmbaroM meM ho cukA, aura usake karttA kauna the, kisa sampradAya ke the, isa bAta kA vismaraNa ho gayA taba prabhAcandra ne siddhasena divAkara se sambandhita kathA meM yaha kahakara ki pravrajyA ke samaya siddhasena kA nAma 'kumudacandra' thA ( aura isa taraha siddhasena se use sAyujya karake) duvidhA se chuTakArA pA liyA ho / isase stotra ko purAtanatA evaM vizeSa garimA bhI prApta ho gaI / asala meM kumudacandra nAma ke muni yA AcArya zvetAmbara paramparA meM kahIM bhI nahIM hue * para madhyakAlIna karNATaka meM digambara sampradAya ke isa abhidhAnadhArI muni ThIka saMkhyA meM milate haiM / dUsarI ora dekhA jAya to kalyANamandirastotra kA, aura siddhasena kI upalabdha 21 dvAtriMzikAoM ke kalevara, zailI, aura bhAva ke bIca koI mela nahIM aura vaha dvAtriMzikA bhI nahIM hai / kalyANamandira para bhaktAmara kA prabhAva hote hue bhI usakI zailI, saMracanA, kalpanA aura prayukta alaMkAroM ke vizeSa prakAra aura lagAva Adi sabhI tattva spaSTatayA madhyakAlIna haiM / kucha kalpanAe~ vikasita aura udAtta hote hue bhI isameM bhaktAmara jaisI prAcIna stuti-kAvyoM kI utkRSTa prAsAdikatA evaM layakArI kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai / kApar3iyA mahodaya ( aura dUsare bhI kucha zvetAmbara vidvAn ) yadyapi z2ida karake isa kRti ko siddhasena kI, evaM zvetAmbarIya siddha kara rahe haiM, lekina yaha saba paryApta parIkSaNa ke abhAva kA hI dyotaka hai / svayaM kApar3iyA dvArA kiyA huA bhaktAmara aura kalyANamandira kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana unakI isa mAnyatA kA apalApa karatA hai / 24 mUlataH 48 padyoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA dUsarI ora zvetAmbaroM ne kalyANamandira ko sAmane rakhakara bhaktAmara ke se cAra ko haTAkara 44 padyoMvAlA stotra banA diyA hogA aisA mAnane ke lie AdhAra nahIM hai / yadi " mugdhatA" kAvyoM kI saMkhyA meM pheraphAra karane meM nimitta bana sakatI ho to digambara sampradAya bhI kalyANamandira para utanA hI mugdha thA jitanA zvetAmbara / unhoMne isa kAraNa apane sAmane 48 padyoM vAlA bhaktAmara rahA ho to usako 44 padyoM vAlA kyoM nahIM banA diyA ? koI javAba nahIM ! zvetAmbara meM pracalita stotra sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAya to vahA~ pradhAnatA bhaktAmara kI rahI, aura Aja bhI hai; kalyANamandira kA sthAna dUsarA hai / 'zvetAmbara' koI eka svAdhIna vyakti nahIM jo mana cAhe kara sake / madhyakAla meM vaha sampradAya aneka gacchoM meM vibhakta thA / 12vIM zatI meM vahA~ nAgendra, candra, bRhad, harSapurIya, pUrNatalla, kharatara, paurNamika, aJcala, saravAla, jAlyodhara, aura citravAlaka Adi aneka saMvijJavihArI evaM suvihita tapasvI muniyoM ke gaccha, aura thArApadra, moDha, vAyaTa, ukeza, brahmANa, koraMTa, saMDera, khaMDilla yA bhAvAcArya aura nANakIya jaise sukhazIla caityavAsI gacchoM kI pradhAnatA thI / muniyoM aura unake zrAddhoM kI saMkhyA bhI prAya: saikar3oM meM thI aura ve saba prAya: pUre rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM phaile the / yadi kisI eka gaccha ke loga bhaktAmara ke 48 padyoM meM se 4 haTA dete to usa anucita kArya ko anya gaccha vAle cupacApa bahAlI na de dete / (gacchoM ke bIca hamezA sumela rahatA hI thA aisA nahIM thA / ) usa z2amAne meM pazcima bhArata ke mukhya nagaroM meM sthita aneka zvetAmbara grantha bhaNDAra the, aura aneka pratilipikAra bhI / bhaktAmara kI alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM likhI jAne vAlI sabhI pratiyoM meM eka sAtha gA~Tha karake saba meM se eka sAtha cAra padya haTA diye jA~ya, vizvasanIya

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 25 nahIM hai; aura vaha bhI jaba ki aSTa-prAtihAryoM ke vibhAva ko zvetAmbara bhI digambaroM jitanI custI se mAnate the / yaha haTAne vAlI bAta yadi kalyANamandirastotra ko sAmane rakhakara huI ho to usa stotra meM bhI aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM vAle ATha padya the hI; isalie bhaktAmara meM se prAtihArya sambandhI cAra padya na haTAkara koI aura hI cAra padya nikAla diye jA sakate the / anyathA IsvI 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI kI khaMbhAta, pATana aura jaisalamera ke bhaNDAroM meM saMrakSita tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM meM se kucha to aisI milanI cAhie thIM jinameM 48 padya hoM / lekina aisA nahIM milatA hai / digambara-mAnya pATha ke cAra atirikta padya mUlakAra ke haiM yA nahIM aura nahIM hai to kaba prakSipta hue isa viSaya para Age parIkSaNa kiyA jaayegaa| DA0 jyotiprasAda ke pUrva isa samasyA kA sujhAva paMDitapravara amRtalAla zAstrI ne apanI dRSTi se peza kiyA thA / prabhAcandra ke "mAnatuMgacarita" kI zrRMkhalA vAlI kathA sambandhI carcA ke samApana meM ve isa natIje para pahuMce the : "Upara batalAyI gayI ber3iyoM kI cavAlIsa saMkhyA hI merI dRSTi se bhaktAmarastotra kI padya-saMkhyA kI mAnyatA kA kAraNa hai / "6 hama isase bhI sahamata nahIM / vahA~ Aditva (aura isalie mahattva evaM prAthamikatA) 'ber3I kI saMkhyA' kA nahIM, padya kI saMkhyA kA thA / dantakathA pahale gar3ha dI jAya aura bAda meM usako pramANa mAnakara stotra kI padya saMkhyA meM pharka kara diyA jAya, yaha bAta na vyavahAra meM saMbhava hai, na hI tarkasaMgata hai / prabandhakAra ke sAmane jo upasthita padya saMkhyA thI, usI ko dekhakara hI 44 ber3iyoM kI kathA kA sarjana ho sakatA hai / Akhira 44 aMka kI koI aisI to vizeSatA yA pavitratA nahIM jisake AdhAra para ber3iyoM ke lie 44 padya hI lenA jarUrI bana jAya'; aura isa tarka ko lekara, dantakathA ke prati atyadhika Adara dikhAkara, usake khAtira lokaprasiddha ciraMtana stotra ko khaNDita kiyA jAya / itanA hI nahIM, aisI ceSTA, cher3achAr3a, svecchAcAra ko sampradAya ke tatkAlIna vibhinna gacchoM ke aneka diggaja evaM vyatpanna AcAryoM-maniyoM kA samarthana bhI prApta ho jAya ! aisI kalpanA ati sAhasa kA dyotaka hI mAnA jAyegA / prazna yaha bhI to ho sakatA hai ki digambara-mAnya kathA-pATha meM ber3iyoM yA argalA yA nigaDa kI saMkhyA "48" kaise A gaI ? kyA usakA AdhAra vahA~ mAnya padyoM kI "48" saMkhyA nahIM haiM ? arthAt vahA~ bhI padya-saMkhyA para hI to pramukha jora hai ! jaise ki pIche hama dekha Aye haiM (pR0 18), kaTAriyA mahodaya ne bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM sArAbhAI navAba ke kathana para bhI yahA~ vicAra kara leM / "......bhaktAmara ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA cavAlIsa hone ke samarthana meM vRddha paramparA aisI hai ki isa avasarpiNI meM 'bharata' kSetra meM ho gae 24 jinezvara aura adhunA 'mahAvideha' kSetra meM vicarane vAle 20 jinezvara milakara 44 saMkhyA hotI hai / yaha stotra bhI 44 saMkhyAtmaka hai, aura isakA kAraNa usakA eka-eka padya eka-eka jinezvara kI stutirUpa hai / " (sArAbhAI se pAMca sAla pUrva prA0 kApar3iyA ne bhI ullekha rUpeNa kucha aisA hI kahA thA / ) jahA~ taka 44 saMkhyA kA sambandha hai, aisA mela to eka taraha se Akasmika sA hai / anyathA yaha sUcana kA aucitya hai hI nahIM / kyoMki stotra meM kevala yugAdi RSabhadeva ko hI udbodhana hai / usameM kahIM bhI vartamAna caubIsI ke anya tIrthaMkaroM aura inake alAvA mahAvideha kSetra ke 20 tIrthaMkaroM kA kisI rUpa meM varNana nahIM hai, na parokSa rUpa se unakA ullekha hai / isa tathAkathita "vRddha paramparA"

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26 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra kA vAstavikatA se koI mela nahIM / bhaktAmara ke kisI vRttikAra ne aisA nahIM batAyA hai / yaha bAta bilakula hI mAnya nahIM ho sakatI hai / isa viSaya meM paM0 ajayakumAra jaina zAstrI ne jo kucha aura kahA hai, yahA~ prastuta karake usa para gaura kareMge / unakA kahanA hai ki "zvetAmbara sampradAya meM kalyANamandirastotra to digambara sampradAya ke samAna 44 zlokoM vAlA hI mAnA jAtA hai kintu bhaktAmarastotra ko zvetAmbara sampradAya, 48 zlokoM vAlA na mAnakara 44 zlokoM vAlA hI mAnatA hai / 32-33-34-35 naMbara ke cAra padya zvetAmbara sampradAya ne apane bhaktAmarastotra meM se nikAla die haiM / isIse pracalita bhaktAmarastotra sAmpradAyika bheda se do rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai / bhaktAmarastotrameM digambara sampradAyakI mAnyatAnusAra 48 zloka hI kyoM nahIM haiM ? isakA uttara tIna prakAra se prApta hotA hai / eka to yaha ki jaba kalyANamandirastotra 44 zlokoM kA hai taba usakI jor3akA bhaktAmara stotra bhI 44 zlokoM kA honA cAhie vaha 48 zlokoM kA kaise ho ? dUsare, bharatakSetra ke 24 tIrthaMkara aura videha kSetroM ke 20 vartamAna tIrthaMkaroM kI kula saMkhyA 44 huI, isa saMkhyA ke anusAra bhaktAmarastotra ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA bhI 44 honI cAhiye / tIsare, zvetAmbara jaina gurukulake eka snAtakase yaha uttara prApta huA ki bhaktAmara stotra ka maMtrazakti se pUrNa stotra hai / usake maMtroM ko siddha karake manuSya una maMtroM ke adhIna devoM ko bulA bulA kara taMga karate the / devoMne apanI vyathA mAnatuMgAcArya ko sunAI ki, mahArAja ! Apane bhaktAmara stotra banAkara hamArI acchI Afata le DAlI / maMtrasiddha karake loga hameM cainase nahIM baiThane dete hara samaya maMtrazakti se bulAbulAkara hameM parezAna karate rahate haiM / mAnatuMgAcAryane devoM para dayA karake bhaktAmarastotra meM se cAra zloka nikAla diye / ataH bhaktAmara 44 zlokoMvAlA hI honA cAhiye / yadi ina samAdhAnoM para vicAra kiyA jAya to tInoM hI samAdhAna niHsAra jAna par3ate haiM / mAnatuMgAcArya aura kumudacandrAcArya kA Apasa meM koI samajhautA nahIM thA ki hama donoM eka-sI hI saMkhyA ke stotra banAyeM / haraeka kavi apane apane stotra kI padya - saMkhyA rakhane meM svataMtra hai / dUsare mAnatuMgAcArya kumudacandrAcArya se bahuta pahale hue / ataH pahalI bAta ke anusAra bhaktAmara ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 44 siddha nahIM hotI / dUsarA samAdhAna bhI upahAsajanaka hai / bhinna bhinna dRSTi se tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA 24-48-72 Adi aneka batalAI jA sakatI hai / bharatakSetra ke 24 tIrthaMkara haiM to unake sAtha samasta videha ke 20 tIrthaMkara hI kyoM milAye jAte haiM ? airAvatakSetra ke 24 tIrthaMkara yA DhAI - dvIpa ke samasta bharatakSetra ke tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA kyoM nahIM lI jAtI ? tIrthaMkaroMkI saMkhyA ke anusAra stotroM kI padya saMkhyA kA hI mAnanA nitAnta bholApana hai aura vaha dUsare stotroM kI padya - saMkhyA ko dUSita kara degA / ataH dUsarI bAta bhI vyartha hai / aba rahI tIsarI bAta, usameM bhI koI sAra pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki bhaktAmarastotra kA pratyeka

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA zloka jaba maMtra-zakti se pUrNa hai aura pratyeka zloka maMtra rUpa se kArya meM liyA jA sakatA hai / taba devoM kA saMkaTa haTAne ke lie mAnatuMgAcArya sirpha cAra zlokoM ko hI kyoM haTAte ? sabako kyoM nahIM? kyoMki yadi sacamuca hI bhaktAmarastotra ke maMtrArAdhana se deva taMga hote the aura mAnatuMgAcArya ko una para dayA karanA iSTa thA to unhoMne zeSa 44 zlokoM ko devoM kI vipatti ke lie kyoM chor3a diyA ? isakA koI samucita uttara nahIM ho sakatA / ata: ina samAdhAnoM se to bhaktAmarastotra ke zlokoMkI saMkhyA 44 siddha nahIM hotI''10 ajayakumAra jaina zAstrI ko zvetAmbara se jo tIna uttara mile the usameM tIsarA to kisI gurukula ke lar3ake ne maukhika diyA thA, aura pahale do kA koI AdhAra unhoMne uTTaMkita nahIM kiyA hai / unameM se pahalA to kahIM sunane meM nahIM AyA / pahalI bAta to yaha ki kalyANamandira ke AdhAra para bhaktAmara nahIM, bhaktAmara ke AdhAra para kalyANamandirastotra bana sakatA hai, banA hai / padya saMkhyA meM bhI yadi anukaraNa huA ho to vaha madhyakAla meM hone vAle kumudacandrAcArya dvArA prAcIna mAnatuMga kI racanA ko lekara, na ki usase viruddha prAcIna mAnatuMga ke dvArA madhyakAlIna kumudacandrAcArya kA ! isameM mAnatuMgAcArya aura kumudacandrAcArya kA samakAlIna honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / anukaraNa kabhI bhI bAda meM ho sakatA hai / hemacandrAcArya ne 12 vIM zatAbdI meM siddhasena divAkara aura samantabhadra kA anukaraNa apanI dvAtriMzikAoM meM kiyA hai, aura aisA karane meM unakA ina donoM prAcIna stutikAroM se "samajhautA' karane kI z2arUrata nahIM thI, na vaha kara sakate the / dUsare uttara ke bAre meM hama pIche kaha cuke haiM / antara itanA hai ki hama isako (aura usake saMga hI pahale vAle uttara ko), ajitakumAra jI kI taraha, 'upahAsajanaka' kahanA ThIka nahIM samajhate / ina ajJAnamUlaka bAtoM ko dayanIya kahanA adhika saMgata hogA / aba rahI tIsare uttara kI bAta / zvetAmbara jaba se AgamoM kI avajJA evaM upekSA karake mantra-tantra meM pha~se, taba se vahA~ bhI digambara sampradAya kI taraha hI mAntrika ke alAvA tAntrika stotroM kI bhI racanA hone lgii| itanA hI nahIM, jo purAtana stotra mantrapUta nahIM the unako bhI mantrazaktiyukta mAnA gayA, aura vaha bhI yahA~ taka ki "logassasUtra (cauvisattho)" evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI prasiddha ArambhagAthA "dhammomaMgalamukkiThTha" ko aura mahAmaMgalamaya mAne jAte 'paJcaparameSThi' namaskAra maMgala ko bhI nahIM chor3A! aura mantra-tantra para zvetAmbaroM meM jaise-jaise dilacaspI bar3hatI gaI aneka mahimAvardhaka evaM cAmatkArika kiMvadantiyA~ bhI pracAra meM AtI gaIM / bhadrakIrti (bappabhaTTi sUri, prAya: IsvI 744-839) ke zAradAstava meM se mantrAmnAya vAlA padya lupta kara diyA gayA hai, siddhasena divAkara ke hAtha meM AyA huA mantra-grantha unako pUrA par3hane se pahale devatA ne chIna liyA, ityAdi / yaha saba dekhate hue bhaktAmarastotra ke bAre meM calatI madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika kiMvadantiyoM kI bhartsanA va AlocanA na zodha-prayAsoM meM sArthaka siddha ho sakegI, aura na vaha upayukta hai / daraasala bAta to yahA~ para yaha thI ki bhaktAmarastotra meM mUlata: 48 padya the to inameM se cAra ko zvetAmbaroM ne yadi haTA diyA to kyoM haTA diyA ? isakA to koI yuktisaMgata uttara ajayakumAra jaina zAstrI kI carcA meM nahIM milatA / unhoMne usa dizA meM khoja kA koI qhAsa prayatna hI nahIM kiyA /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra isa '44 viruddha 48' padyoM kI samasyA para vizeSa vicAra karane se pahale digambara-mAnya pATha ke jo cAra adhika padya haiM, unheM dekha lenA Avazyaka hai / ye atirikta cAra padya cAra aura mahAprAtihArya--devadundubhi, puSpavRSTi, bhAmaNDala aura divyadhvani se sambaddha haiM / ye padya zvetAmbara-mAnya mUla kRti ke 31veM padya ke bAda 32se 35 krama meM milate haiM, evaM digambara sampradAya meM mUlakartA ke aura isalie pramANabhUta mAne jAte haiM / yathA : gambhIra-tAra-rava-pUrita-digvibhAga trailokya-loka-zubha-saMgama-bhUti-dakSaH / saddharmarAja-jaya-ghoSaNa-ghoSaka: san khe dundubhirnadati te yazasa: pravAdI / / mandAra-sundara-nameru-supArijAta, santAnakAdi-kusumotkara-vRSTi-ruddhA / gandhoda-bindu-zubha-manda-marutprayAtA divyA divaH patati te vayasAM tatirvA / / zumbhatprabhA-valaya-bhUri-vibhA vibhoste loka-traye dyutimatAM dyutimAkSipantI / prodyaddivAkara-nirantara-bhUri-saMkhyA dIptyA jayatyapi nizAmapi soma-saumyAm / / svargApavarga-gama-mArga-vimArgaNeSTaH saddharma-tattva-kathanaika-paTustrilokyAH / divya-dhvanirbhavati te vizadArtha-sarva bhASA-svabhAva-pariNAma-guNa-prayojyaH / / parantu bAta yahA~ taka hI sImita nahIM hai / mahAmanA DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA kahanA hai ki "dUsarI aura, bhaktAmara kI katipaya prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM cAra-cAra zlokoM ke 4 vibhinna gucchaka pracalita 48 zlokoM ke atirikta prApta hue haiM / isa prakAra unameM se pratyeka pATha 52 zlokI hai aura kula prApta zlokoM kI saMkhyA 64 ho jAtI hai / kintu ina atirikta 16 zlokoM ke sambandha meM prAya: sabhI manISiyoM kA yaha mata hai ki bhASA, artha, racanAzailI, punarukti doSa Adi aneka kAraNoM se ve zloka mAnatuMgakRta nahIM ho sakate, kAlAntara meM vibhinna loMgo ne gar3hakara jor3a diye haiN"| DAkTara sAhaba kA yaha kathana to ThIka hai, lekina isameM tIna bAteM chUTa jAtI haiM / yaha saba vizeSa gucchaka vizeSakara digambara sampradAya ke srotoM se hI mile haiM; ve ina sabhI cAra prAtihAryoM se sambaddha haiM jo bhaktAmara ke zvetAmbara pATha meM nahIM haiM; aura ve sabhI vasantatilakA-vRtta meM nibaddha haiM / isa sandarbha meM ye tInoM tathya vicAraNIya bana jAte haiM / isa viSaya meM vizeSa kucha kahane se pahale una saba atirikta gucchakoM ko bhI dekha lenA Avazyaka hai /

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA ___ 29 sabase pahale paM0 ajitakumAra jaina ko mile hue aise cAra padyoM ko yahA~ peza kareMge / nAta: para: paramavacobhidheyo, lokatraye'pi sakalArthavidasti sArvaH / uccaritIva bhavataH parighoSayanta ste durgabhIrasuradundubhayaH sabhAyAm / / 1 / / vRSTirdivaH sumanasAM parita: papAta, prItipradA sumanasAM ca madhuvratAnAm / rAjIvasA sumanasA sukumArasArA, sAmodasampadamadAjina te sudRzya: / / 2 / / pUSmAmanuSya sahasAmapi koTisaMkhyA__ bhAjAM prabhAH prasaramanvahayA vahanti / antastama:paTalabhedamazaktihInaM, jainI tanudyutirazeSatamo'pi hanti / / 3 / / deva tvadIya sakalAmalakevalAya, bodhAtigAdhanirupaplavaratnarAzeH / ghoSaH sa eva iti sajanatAnumete, gambhIrabhArabharitaM tava divyaghoSa: / / 4 / / isa para TippaNI karate hue unhoMne likhA hai : "ina zlokoM ke viSaya meM yadi kSaNabhara vicAra kiyA jAya to cAroM zloka bhaktAmara stotra ke lie vyartha Thaharate haiM; kyoMki ina zlokoM meM kramaza: dundubhi, puSpavarSA, bhAmaMDala tathA divyadhvani ina cAra prAtihAryoM ko rakhA gayA haiM aura ye cAroM prAtihArya ina zlokoM ke binA 48 zloka vAle bhaktAmara stotra meM ThIka usI 32-33-34-35 vIM saMkhyA ke padyoM meM yathAkrama vidyamAna haiM / ata: ye cAroM zloka bhaktAmara stotra ke lie punarukti ke rUpa meM vyartha Thaharate haiM; inakI kavitA-zailI bhI bhaktAmara stotra kI kavitA-zailI ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtI / ata: 52 zloka vAle bhaktAmara stotra kI kalpanA ni:sAra hai aura na abhI taka kisI vidvAn ne isakA samarthana hI kiyA hai12 / " paM0 ajitakumAra ke diye hue uparyukta cAra padyoM ko apane lekha meM uddhRta karake kaTAriyA mahAzaya ina para apanI TippaNI karate hue isa prakAra likhate haiM - "kintu ina zlokoM meM bhI prAtihArya kA varNana hone se ye punarukta haiM aura asaMgata haiM13 / " Age calakara ve aise kucha aura gucchaka digambara srotoM meM se uddhRta karate haiM / " "jaina mitra'' phAlguna sudI 6 vIra saM0 2486 ke aMka meM bhI inase bhinna cAra zloka chape haiM / hamAre pAsa ke 1-2 guTakoM meM bhI ye 4 zloka haiM /

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30 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra yaH saMstuve guNabhRtAM sumano vibhAti, yaH taskarA vilayatAM vibudhA: stuvanti / AnaMdakanda hRdayAmbujakozadeze, bhavyA vrajanti kila yA'maradevatAbhiH / / 1 / / itthaM jinezvara sukItayatAM jinoti, nyAyena rAjasukhavastuguNA stuvanti / prArambhabhAra bhavato aparAparAM yA, sA sAkSaNI zubhavazo praNamAmi bhaktyA / / 2 / / nAnAvidhaM prabhuguNaM guNaratna guNyA, rAmA ramaMti surasundara saumyamUrtiH / dharmArthakAma manuyo girihemaratnAH, udhyApado prabhuguNaM vibhavaM bhavantu / / 3 / / karNo stuvena nabhavAnabhavatyadhIzaH, yasya svayaM suraguru praNatosi bhaktyA / zarmArdhanoka yazasA munipadmaraMgA, mAyAgato jinapatiH prathamo jineza: / / 4 / / " 1114 - isakI saMkSipta samIkSA meM vidvavarya ne kahA " para ye bhI mUla granthakAra kRta nahIM haiM kyoMki bhaktAmara stotra ke paThana kA phala batAkara stotra ko vahIM samApta kara diyA hai ataH yaha atirikta zloka kisI ne bAda meM banAye haiM, inakI racanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai aura artha bhI susaMgata nahIM hai / " 15 zrImAn kaTAriyA Age calakara kahate haiM ki, " inake sivA bhI hamAre pAsa ke 1 guTake meM 4 zloka aura pAye jAte haiM jinheM bIja kAvya likhA hai inakI bhI sthiti uparokta hI hai ve bhI mUla stotrakAra kRta nahIM / ve cAra padya isa prakAra haiM - bIjakaM kAvyam : oM AdinAtha arhansukulevataMsaH, zrInAbhirAja nijavaMza zazipratApaH / ikSvAkuvaMza ripumardana zrIvibhogI, zAkhA kalApakalito ziva zuddhamArgaH / / 1 / / kaSTa praNAza duritApa samAMvanAhiaMnidhau dukhaya tAraka vighnahartA / dukhAvinAri bhaya bhanati loha kaSTaMtAlorddhaghATa bhayabhIta samutkalApAH / / 2 / /

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA zrImAnatuMga guruNA kRta bIja maMtraH, yAtrA stutiH kiraNa pUjya supAdapIThaH / bhaktibharo hRdayapUra vizAla gAtrA kau dhau divAkara samAM vanitAMjanAMhIM / / 3 / / tvaM vizvanAtha puruSottama vItarAgaH tvaM jaina rAga kathitA zivazuddhamArgA / tvauccATa bhaMja nava puHkhala duHkhaTAlAn tvaM muktirUpa sudayA para dharmapAlAn / / 4 / / "16 yaha catuSka alabattA prAtihArya saMbaddha nahIM hai, kintu bAta yahIM takahI nahIM rukatI jAtI, eka aura bhI gucchaka hai / DA0 kApar3iyA ko vaha khaNDita rUpa meM, 2.5 padya ke rUpa meM milA thA / para sArAbhAI navAba ko mantra pothiyoM meM se vahI pUrNarUpeNa mila gayA thA / sirpha 'divyadhvani' vAlA tIsarA padya donoM meM bhinna prakAra kA hai, yathA "viSvagvibhoH sumanasa: kila varSayanti / __ digbandhanA: sumanasa: kimu te vadanti / / tvatasaGgatAvihasatAM jagatI samastA styAmodinI vihasatA mudayena dhAmnaH / / 1 / / dvedhApi dustaratamaH zramavipraNAzA tsAkSAtsahasrakaramaNDalasambhrameNa / vIkSya prabhorvapuSi kaJcanakAJcanAbhaM prodbodhanaM bhavati kasya na mAnasAbjam / / 2 / / bhASAvizeSapariNAmavidhau paTiSTho jIvAditattvavizadIkaraNe samarthaH / divyadhvanirdhvanitadigvalayastavAha nAkarSati pravaramokSapathe manuSyAn / / 3 / / vizvaikajaitrabhaTamohamahAmahendraM / sadyo jigAya bhagavAn nigadannivettham / santarjayan yugapadeva bhayAni puMsAM mandradhvanindati dundubhiruccakaiste / / 4 / / "17 jo bhinna pAThAntara-svarUpa tIsarA padya hai vaha nimnalikhita hai, aura kApar3iyA jI ko khaMDita gucchaka meM vahI prApta huA thA, yathA

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra "divyo dhvanirdhvanitadigvalayastavArhan !, vyAkhyAturutsukayate'tra zivAdhvanIyAm / tattvArthadezanavidhau nanu sarvajantuM, bhASAvizeSamadhuraH surasArthapeya: / / 3 / / puNe sthita bhaMDArakara prAcya vidyA zodha-saMsthAna meM saMrakSita eka prati meM "mAnatuMgIya kAvya catuSTayI' ke nAma se vahI cAra padya haiM parantu isameM tIsare padya kA pATha kApar3iyA jI ke diye hue pATha ke sadRza hai9 / isa silasile meM aba zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM se sArAbhAI navAba kA kucha aura maMtavya yahA~ upasthita karanA upayukta hogA / "48 padyoM kI mAnyatA zvetAmbaroM meM bhI pahale thI aura yadi aisA na hotA to prastuta grantha (mahAprabhAvika navasmaraNa) meM diye hue zrI haribhadrasUri kRta yaMtroM kI saMkhyA 44 hI honI cAhie thI, isalie hameM aisA mAnane ke lie kAraNa milatA hai ki bhaktAmara ke 48 zlokoM para alaga-alaga 48 yaMtroM tathA taMtroM ke racayitA zrI haribhadrasUri ke samaya meM to bhaktAmara ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 48, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM pracalita thI kyoMki caturtha smaraNa "tijayapahuta" kI stotrAnukRti ke racayitA haribhadrasUri sambandhI carcA karate hue maiMne jo tIna haribhadrasUri kA ullekha kiyA hai ve tInoM zvetAmbarAcArya hI the, aura digambaroM meM usa nAma ke koI AcArya hue aisA ullekha bhI nahIM milatA, aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki ina yantroM tathA tantroM ke racayitA kaunasA haribhadrasUri honA cAhie ? merI mAnyatAnusAra to Upara ullikhita tIna meM se dUsare yA tIsare haribhadrasUri kI hI racI huI ye yaMtra kRtiyA~ tathA tantra vagairaha hone cAhie / "20 sArAbhAI pracalita " gambhIratAra0 " vAle cAra atirikta padyoM ke sthAna para "viSvagvibhoH sumanasa:" se lekara zurU hone vAle cAra vaikalpika padyoM ko peza karake Age likhate haiM ki "fira jaina zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM meM rahI huI yantroMvAlI karIba sau se adhika hastalikhita pratiyA~ maiMne talAzI haiM, una saba pratiyoM meM 48 gAthAe~ aura sambandhita 48 hI yantra milate haiM / ina 48 yaMtroM ke sivA dUsarI 44 yantroM vAlI koI bhI prati zvetAmbara bhaNDAra meM mere dekhane meM athavA sunane meM bhI nahIM AI aura Rddhi ke pada bhI 48 hI haiM, isalie yantra bhI 48 aura kAvya bhI 48 hI hone cAhie / cAra kAvya gambhIratAra0 se zurU hotA ho yA viSvagvibho0 se zurU hotA ho yA tIsarA ho isa bAta meM Apatti nahIM; isalie merI mAnyatAnusAra to bhaktAmara ke prAcIna TIkAkAra zrI guNAkara sUri ke pazcAt arthAt vi0 saM0 1426 ke bAda se zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhaktAmara ke 44 padya hone kI mAnyatA zurU huI thI, vaha nizcita karanA bahuta muzkila hai, kAraNa ki unakI TIkA 44 zlokoM para racI huI hai aura bAda ke bhaktAmara pAdapUrti kAvya bhI moTe taura para 44 hI zlokoM para race hue haiM / jo kucha bhI ho, donoM mAnyatAe~ prAcIna haiM aura donoM prakAra ke ar3atAlIsa kAvyoM para yantroM ke milane se maiM ne bhI prastuta grantha meM ar3atAlIsa hI padya denA ucita samajhakara ar3atAlisa padya chapavAye haiM / " / sArAbhAI navAba ke isa kathana meM aneka vipratipattiyA~ haiM, aura kucha to kAfI hada taka Apattijanaka bhI / pahalI bAta yaha ki guNAkara sUri ke sAmane IsvI 1370 meM jo bhaktAmara kI pratiyA~

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 33 thI unameM bhI 44 padya hoMge / unako khuda hI stotra meM ATha kI jagaha cAra hI prAtihAryoM kI ghaTanA se sambaddha samAdhAna prastuta karanA par3A thA / yathA : "atra prAtihArya-prastAvanA prastAve'nukta api puSpavRSTidivyadhvani-bhAmaNDala-dundubhayasvadhiyA'vatAryAH etat sarvaM yatrAzokataroH prAdurbhAvastatra syAd dezanAkSaNe / azokatarU sahacaritatvAt pRthag nAhatA: kavinA / 2" yaha samAdhAna kucha buddhipUrvaka to kiyA gayA hai phira bhI samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / udhara guNAkara sUri se 93 varSa pUrva prabhAcandrAcArya ke pAsa bhI 44 padyoM vAlI pratiyA~ thIM, aura unake samaya se bhI pacAsa-sau sAla pUrva kI jitanI tAr3apatrIya pothiyA~ isa samaya upalabdha haiM, ina saba meM bhI 44 padya hI haiM / aura yaha bAta bhI dhyAna meM rakhane lAyaka hai ki ina purAnI pratiyoM ke lipikAroM ke sAmane apane samaya se pUrva kI Adarza rUpa pratiyoM meM 44 hI padya rahe hoMge / tabhI to una sabhI kI nakaloM meM 44 padya hI dikhAI dete haiM / isa hakIkata ko dekhakara guNAkara sUri kI vRtti ke bAda hI zvetAmbara pATha meM asala ke ATha kI jagaha cAra prAtihArya ho gaye, aisA sArAbhAI kA kathana kattaI sahI nahIM hai / aba rahI mantrAmnAya vAle haribhadrasUri kI bAta / usa abhidhAnadhArI koI muni digambara sampradAya meM nahIM hue, isa tathya kA koI virodha nahIM / sArAbhAI ne tIna haribhadra sUriyoM kA nirdeza diyA hai / para vastutayA karIba sAta sUrivara isa nAma ke hue haiM / pahale yAkinIsUnu (karmakAla prAya: IsvI 745785) jo Adima haribhadra sUri rahe / dUsare the candragaccha ke devendrasUri (prAya: IsvI 1242) ke saptama pUrvaja, jinakA samaya IsvI 11vIM zatI kA madhyabhAga yA antima caraNa rahA hogA / tIsare the bRhadgacchIya jinadevaziSya haribhadra, jinhoMne IsvI 1116 meM baMdhasvAmItva aura SaDazIti para TIkA, aura I0 sa0 1129 meM umAsvAti ke prazamaratiprakaraNa para vRtti likhI thI / cauthe haribhadra bRhadgacchIya zrIcandra ke ziSya the / solaMkI samrAT kumArapAla I0 sa0 (1144-1173) ke mantrI pRthvIpAla ke ve guru rahe, aura unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM ke prAkRta evaM apabhraMza meM caritoM kI racanA kI thI / pA~caveM haribhadra unakI amogha dezanA ke kAraNa 'kalikAlagautama' kahe jAte the / mantrIzvara vastupAla ke kulaguru nAgendragacchIya vijayasena sUri ke ve guru rahe, jo IsvI 12vIM zatI ke AkhirI caraNa meM vidyamAna the / chaThe haribhadra vastupAla mantrI ke vidyAmaNDala ke candragacchIya bAlacandra sUri ke guru the, jinakA samaya IsvI 12vIM-13vIM zatI hai aura sAtaveM haribhadra bRhadgaccha meM IsvI 13vIM zatAbdI ke antabhAga aura 14vIM ke prArabha meM hue the / hama nahIM samajhate ki inameM se kisI bhI haribhadra ne bhaktAmarastotra ke mantrAmnAya ko banAyA ho / mantratantrAmnAya vAlI sabhI pothiyA~ 48 padya vAlI evaM uttaramadhyakAlIna haiM / isakI eka bhI prAcIna hastaprati nahIM milI hai / isake alAvA inameM sabhI 48 yantra vahI haiM jo digambara mAntrika pothiyoM meM milate haiM / yadi aisI mantratantrapUta prAcIna racanAe~ apane sampradAya meM hotI to anekoM meM se kisI na kisI zvetAmbara bhaktAmaraTIkAkAra ne usakA ullekha kiyA hI hotA / daraasala pazcAtkAlIna digambara pothiyoM kI nakala karake, aura haribhadra kA nAma usake saMga jor3akara usako pramANabhUta manavAne kI karAmAta mAtra yahA~ dikhAI detI hai / guNAkarasUri ne apane samaya meM pracalita kevala 18 hI mantrAmnAya diyA hai, 44 nahIM / tAjjubI kI bAta to yaha hai ki sArAbhAI ko isa bAta kI paravAha hI nahIM hai ki haribhadra ke nAma para car3hAI huI, yA anyathA, yantroMvAlI pratiyoM meM atirikta 4 pratihAryo ke eka

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra nahIM, do prakAra ke gucchaka milate haiM / unako to matalaba mantratantrAmnAya sahita ke "48" padyoM se hI thA, aura vaha pUrA ho jAya to itanA paryApta thA / gucchaka bhale koI bhI hoM, cala sakatA thA / aisI yuktiyoM se to prAcIna kAla meM zvetAmbara pATha meM bhI bhaktAmara ke 48 hI padya the, aisA unakA kahanA z2arA bhI samIcIna siddha nahIM hotA / isase to kevala unakA maMtra-taMtra para rahA lAjavAba Adara evaM pyAra kA hI sabUta milatA hai / digambara-mAnya pATha meM "gambhIratAra0' vAle 4 atirikta padyoM kI vizeSa mAnyatA hai, para vaha bhI asalI hai ki nahIM yaha muddA parIkSA-pAtra hai / yadyapi unhoMne kucha vivaraNa nahIM diyA phira bhI durgAprasAda zAstrI (aura unake sahayogI vAsudeva lakSmaNa zAstrI puNasikara) kI isa viSaya para rAya kucha aisI rahI hai ki ve nakalI haiM / unakA niSkarSa rahA ki "gambhIretyAdi catvAri padyAni tu kecana paNDitamanyena nirmAya maNimAlAyAM kAcazakalAnIva mAnatuGgakavitAyAM pravezitAni ityapi tadvilokanamAtreNaiva kavitvamarma vidbhirvidvadbhirvoDhuM zakyate / "23 kApar3iyA jI ne bhI apanI saMskRta prastAvanA meM zAstrI jI kA uparyukta abhiprAya uddhRta kiyA hai, aura kahA hai ki "anena sUcyate cetatpadyaprakSepa iti / ' 24 Azcarya hai, DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne ina abhiprAyoM ko dhyAna meM liyA hI nhiiN| aisA lagatA hai ki digambara sampradAya meM bhaktAmarastotra kA pracAra ho jAne ke pazcAt vahA~ stotra meM pUre ATha prAtihArya honA cAhie aisA samajhakara cAra pratihAryoM kI kamI pUrI karane kA pRthak-pRthak cAra, aura eka dUsare se anabhijJa, prayatna prAya: 14vIM-15vIM zatI meM hue / tAtparya yaha ki vahA~ bhI mUla stotra meM cAra hI prAtihAryoM se sambaddha padya the aura isalie saba milakara 44 hI / isa anulakSa meM aba hama digambara manISiyoM ke kucha aura vicAroM kI samIkSA karane kI sthiti meM A gaye haiM / isa sandarbha meM pahale DA0 nemicandra kA avalokana prastuta kareMge / unake anusAra "mAnatuMga ne bhaktAmara stotra kI racanA kI / donoM sampradAyoM ne apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke anusAra ise apanAyA / Arambha meM isa stotra meM 48 kAvya-padya the / pratyeka padya meM kAvyatva rahane ke kAraNa hI 48 padyoM ko 48 kAvya kahA gayA hai / ina 48 padyoM meM se zvetAmbara sampradAya ne azokavRkSa, siMhAsana, chatra aura cAmara ina cAra prAtihAryoM ke nirUpaka padyoM ko grahaNa kiyA tathA dundubhi, puSpavRSTi, bhAmaNDala aura divyadhvani ina cAra padyoM ko nikAla kara isa stotra meM 44 padya hI mAne / idhara digambara sampradAya kI kucha hastalikhita pratiyoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA nikAle hue cAra prAtihAryoM ke bodhaka cAra naye padya aura jor3akara padya kI saMkhyA pUrI gar3ha lI gaI / ' 25 "bhAgalapura vIra ni0 saM0 2490 meM prakAzita huA hai; vRSTivi: sumanasAM parita: prayAta (35), duSNAmanuSya sahasAmapi koTisaMkhyA (37), deva tvadIyasakalAmala kevalIva (39) padya adhika mudrita haiM / vastuta: isa stotra-kAvya meM 48 hI mUla padya haiM / ' 26 pahalI to yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki zvetAmbara sampradAya prAtihArya nirUpaka cAra vizeSa padya yadi mUla meM the to nikAla kyoM deM ? aura jaba digambara sampradAya meM mUla 48 padya the hI to ve zvetAmbaroM dvArA haTA diye gaye 4 padya ke sthAna para naye gar3ha kara apanI pratiyoM meM 48 ke sthAna para 52 kyoM kara deM ? aisI ceSTA kisa farz2a ko lekara, kauna sI pUrti karane ke lie kI gaI thI ? aura eka

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 35 nahIM, aise cAra-cAra (yA pAMca-pAMca) prakAra ke padya-gucchaka bhI bana jAyeM / asala meM digambara sampradAya ke vidvad muniyoM, varNiyoM, bhaTTArakoM ke sAmane bhI 44 padyoM vAlI hI mUla kRti thI, aura usako prAtihAryoM ke viSaya meM apUrNa mAnakara pUrNa karane ke aneka bhinna-bhinna prayatna alaga-alaga dezakAla meM hue / jaba "gambhIratAra" vAlA gucchaka vizeSa pracAra meM A gayA to aura gucchakoM ko pheMka dene ke bajAya pazcAtkAlIna pRthak-pRthak pratiyoM meM unako bhI kahIM na kahIM vizeSa padyoM ke rUpa meM saMgRhIta karake rakha liyA gayA, jisase kucha pratiyoM meM padya saMkhyA 52 bana gaI / / zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM agaracaMda nAhaTA kI mAnyatA meM bhI bhaktAmarastotra ke maulika padya 44 hI the, aura cAra-cAra padya vAle gucchaka, jo digambara stotroM meM pAye jAte haiM, unako ve asalI nahIM mAnate the / isa para TippaNa karate hue jyotiprasAdajI ne likhA hai : "uparokta sandarbha meM ullikhita sabhI vidvAnoM ne bhaktAmara kI zloka saMkhyA para vicAra kiyA hai / jaba ki zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA Agraha hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA sammata 44 zlokI pATha hI mUla evaM prAcInatama pATha hai / anya saba vidvAnoM ne digambara paramparA sammata 48 zlokI pATha ko hI mUla evaM prAcInatama siddha kiyA hai, jisake lie unhoMne pramANa evaM yukti kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai aura pratipakSa dvArA prastuta hetuoM ko nissAra ThaharAyA hai / svayaM hamane bhI anyatra isa samasyA para vicAra kiyA hai / " ___jyotiprasAdajI jo "anya saba vidvAnoM' kA ullekha karate haiM ve "sabhI'' digambara sampradAya ke hI vidvAn the / ye haiM paM0 ajitakumAra jaina zAstrI, zrImAn ratanalAla kaTAriyA, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, evaM paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI / ina manISiyoM ke maMtavyoM kI, unakI dI gaI yuktiyoM kI, hama Upara soddharaNa samIkSA kara cuke haiM / unameM isa viSaya ko lekara "pramANa aura yukti kA saphala prayoga' to eka tarapha rahA, vahA~ kahIM bhI na hai tarkabaddha abhigama, na pUrNarUpeNa parIkSaNa; na vizada pRthakkaraNa, na saMtulita prastutikaraNa / unameM se kisI ne pUre srota bhI nahIM dekhe haiM, na hai unakI dalIloM meM vaz2ana yA vajUda ! ajitakumAra jaina jina ajJAta zvetAmbara logoM se lar3a rahe the aura unakI "yuktioM" ko ni:sAra ThaharA rahe the, ve na to yuktiyA~ thI na hI ve bAteM pramANapUta thI / ina vidvAnoM meM se kisI ne pracalita 4 atirikta padya vAle pATha kI prAcInatA siddha karane ke lie prAcIna pratiyA~ peza nahIM kI haiM, na hI unameM se liyA gayA prAcIna uddharaNa kA pramANarUpeNa koI dAkhalA dikhAyA / apane-apane mana se khulAsA karake, apane ko sahI manavA ke, aura zvetAmbara pATha ke 44 padya ke astitva para taraha-taraha kA iljAma lagA ke usako kevala gunahagAra hI ThaharAte rahe haiM / zvetAmbara pATha meM 44 padya kyoM haiM ? isa para saMprIti, samAdara yA sahiSNutA se vicAra bhale. na kareM yaha bAta apekSita nahIM thI, na unake lie sambhavita thA-para gambhIratA se socanA to z2arUrI thA hI / isakI upekSA tathyAnveSaNa kA lakSaNa tathA gaveSakavRtti kI prakAzaka nahIM hai / isa pUre hI udyama meM tATasthya aura sajjatA kA abhAva hI dikhalAI detA hai / alpa mehanata aura AsAnI se taiyAra kiyA huA lekhana ho, aisA hI AbhAsa ina saba meM uTha AtA hai / dUsarI ora dekhA jAya to jyotiprasAdajIne paM0 durgAprasAda zAstrI aura puNasikara (tathA dvitIya AvRtti ke) pANDuraGga kAzInAtha zarmA jaise jainetara vidvAn aura DA0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA jaise zvetAmbara

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36 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra jaina vidvAnoM ke maMtavyo ko lakSa meM liyA hI nahIM / kyA ye saba mahAnubhAva 'vidvAn' nahIM the ? "gambhIratAra0" vAle ko chor3akara aura sabhI cAra vizeSa padyoM vAle gucchakoM ko digambara manISiyoM ne sahI mAne meM kRtrima karAra diyA aura Upara hama dekha Aye ki kApar3iyA nirdezita evaM sArAbhAI vAlA cauthA gucchaka bhI itanA hI banAvaTI hai / para "gambhIratAra0" se zurU hone vAle cAra padyoM ko binA parIkSaNa-vizleSaNa, kevala ahobhAva se, aura vastuta: isakA vizeSa pracAra hone se maulika mAnA gayA; aura yahA~ aise guNa bhI usameM Aropita kiye gae haiM jo usameM dikhAI bhI nahIM dete tathA unako asaliyata kA pramANapatra bhI diyA gayA / hamArI samajha meM yaha vizeSa pracalita gucchaka bhI utanA hI banAvaTI hai jitanA aura cAra / vaha kaise ? pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki inameM viziSTa prakAra ke chekAnuprAsa (jaise ki 'ghoSaNa ghoSaka:') Adi prakAra ke alaMkAra kI upasthiti / isake lagAva kI pravRtti bahudhA madhyakAlIna hI hai / mAnatuMga ke hara pada meM nartana dikhAI detA hai jabaki yahA~ "maMdAra sundara namerU supArijAta' jaise ekAdha-do madhyama kakSA ke maMjula caraNa ko chor3akara bAkI saba sAdhAraNa koTi ke haiN| unameM , kAnti, aura manohAritA kA prAya: abhAva hI hai / isake alAvA "santAnakAdi kusumotkara vRSTiruddhA," yA "divyAdiva: patati te vacasAM tatirvAH' jaise padoM meM to koI rasAtmakatA dikhAI nahIM detI / aura bhI dekhA jAya to "lokatraya dyutimatAmAkSipantI' meM to spaSTa hI AyAsa kA bhAsa hotA hai; to "khe dundubhirna dati te yazasa: pravAdI" aura "saddharmatattvakathanaikapaTustrilokyA:" meM to mAdhurya kI jagaha kaTutA kA svAda milatA hai aura "bhASAsvabhAva pramANa guNa prayojya:" to kAvyaguNapUta caraNa na hokara kisI dArzanika grantha kA sUtra ho, aisA AbhAsa detA hai ! ina saba meM chanda kA svAbhAvika pravAha, jo mAnatuMga ke maulika padyoM meM hai, kahIM dikhAI nahIM detA / mAnatuMga ke padyoM kI sahaja-sundara gumphana prakaTa karane vAlI suramya, prAJjala evaM prAsAdika praur3hi ke sAmane ina cAra padyoM kI zailI bilkula hI alAkSaNika aura sAdhAraNa sI dikhAI detI hai / durgAprasAda zAstrI ne una padyoM ko yathArtha hI "maNimAlAntargata kAMca ke Tukar3e' karAra diyA hai / ina padyoM ke Age aura pIche rahe maulika padyoM ko dekhate hue yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa ho jAtI hai / mahAbhAga jyotiprasAdajI dvArA ina cAra vizeSa padyoM ko dI gaI aMjali hameM to sArthaka nahIM lagatI / ve cAra padya mAnatuMga ke kAvyoM ke sAtha rakhane ke kAbila nahIM haiM / unameM mAnatuMgAcArya kI pratibhA kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detI / isa viSaya ko lekara jyotiprasAda jI ko eka zikAyata yakaoNbI Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke prati bhI rahI hai / Apane likhA hai : "jaikobI [sic] prabhRti yUropIya prAcyavidoM ko 44 zlokI zvetAmbara pATha hI tathA tatsambandhI anuzrutiyA~ hI upalabdha huI--unake sAmane 48 zlokI digambara pATha tathA tatsambandhI anuzrutiyoM kA vikalpa hI nahIM thA, ataeva unakA bhaktAmara viSayaka UhApoha kA AdhAra zvetAmbara mAnyatAe~ hI rahIM / jaikobI [sic] ne digambara pATha ke una atirikta cAra padyoM para to koI vicAra kiyA hI nahIMve unake sAmane the hI nahIM-zvetAmbara pATha ke bhI zloka 39 aura 43 (digambara pATha 43 aura 47) ko bhI prakSipta anumAna kiyA / vidvAn ke matAnusAra ve mAnatuMga dvArA racita nahIM ho sakate aura mUla racanA meM pIche se jor3a diye gaye lagate haiM, isa prakAra mUla bhaktAmarastotra 42 zlokI raha jAtA hai|"28

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA yakaoNbI jI ke sAmane durgAprasAda zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita bhaktAmara stotra ( IsvI 1896) thA, aura vahA~ zAstrI jI dvArA diye gaye digambara pATha ke cAra atirikta padya aura usa para kI gaI TippaNI bhI unhoMne z2arUra dekhI hogI / kucha bhI kAraNa ho, yakaoNbI mahodaya ne usa para koI carcA nahIM kI aura jina do padyoM ko ve zvetAmbara pATha meM ( aura isalie digambara pATha meM bhI) prakSipta mAnate the, usakI vistRta pramANayukta samIkSA kApar3iyA jI ne usI grantha meM apanI vistRta prastAvanA meM kI thI, aura usako bhrAnta ThaharAyA thA, jisakA ullekha jyotiprasAda jI ne nahIM kiyA hai / ( vastutayA jyotiprasAda jI ne kisI bhI kAraNavaza, pustaka sAmane rahate hue bhI, kahIM bhI prA0 kApar3iyA ke maMtavyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / ThIka isI taraha mahAmahopAdhyAya durgAprasAda zAstrI ke avalokanoM kI bhI upekSA kI hai / ) digambara anuzrutiyA~ vizeSakara 17 vIM zatAbdI meM hue brahmacArI rAyamalla evaM vizvanAtha bhaTTAraka kI racanAoM meM gu~thI huI haiM / inameM aise kauna se mUlyavAna aitihAsika tathya the jo na dekhane se yakaoNbI mahodaya fAyadA se phAriga ho jAte ? jisa yuga meM yakaoNbI mahAzaya ne isa sambandha meM likhA usa yuga meM digambara srotoM meM se adhikatara aprakAzita the / aura yadi unhoMne prAtihAryoM ke atirikta cAra padyoM jo vividha gucchaka milate haiM vaha saba dekhA hotA to ve kyA kahate, isakI kalpanA karanA muzkila nahIM hai ! isa " 44 yA 48 padya" vAlI bahasa kA kendra rahA hai aSTa- prAtihArya / kevala cAra hI mahAprAtihArya honA ayukta hai aura pUre ATha hone hI cAhie aisA Agraha rakhane se pahale isa pahalU para gaharAI se gaveSaNA karanA apekSita thA / lekina nirgranthoM ke donoM sampradAya evaM nirgranthetara vidvAnoM ne bhI, isa ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyA / ASAr3hI amAvasyA kI bAdala chAI, kAjala - gaharI, pavanarahita rAta meM, ImAna ke Asare hI madhya samaMdara meM cale jAte jahAja jaisI hAlata ina saba vidvAnoM ke vidhAnoM kI mAlUma hotI hai / isa vicitra sthiti ko dekhakara isa viSaya para vistAra se yahA~ jAMca karanA apane Apa Avazyaka bana jAtA hai / 37 nirgrantha pratimA- vidhAna ke bejor3a abhyAsI, mahAmanISI ( sva 0 ) DA0 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ne Agamika, sAhityika, aura purAnI jina pratimAoM meM takSita prAtihAryo ke AvirbhAva ke pahaluoM para jo vicAra kiyA hai, usakA hama yahA~ Age Ane vAlI carcA meM yathAsthAna ullekha karate raheMge / carcA kA AraMbha zruta sAhitya meM aSTa- prAtihAryoM meM rahI sthiti se kareMge / sthAnAMgasUtra (vartamAna saMkalana prAyaH IsvI 350 yA 363) meM to AThaveM sthAna para aSTamahAprAtihAryoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / sthAnAMga ke samakAlika samavAyAMgasUtra meM 34 veM sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM ke mahimA sUcaka 34 atizeSa yA atizaya to ginAye gaye haiM, para vahA~ bhI anyatra 8 veM sthAna para aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA z2ikra nahIM / una 34 meM se jinako bAda meM 'devakRta' meM ginA gayA hai aise sAta 'atizaya' dravyamaya haiM, jaise ki AkAzavartI cakra, chatra, zveta cAmara, Age calane vAle sahasra - patAkA maMDita indradhvaja, aura jahA~-jahA~ tIrthaMkara Thaharate yA virAjamAna hote the vahA~ pAdapIThayukta siMhAsana kA prAkaTya tathA yakSoM dvArA sarjita puSpa patra samAkula azokavRkSa, evaM aMdhakAroM meM dasoM dizAoM ko

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38 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra prakAzita karane vAlA tejomaNDala : yathA AgAsagataM cakkaM 6 AgAsagataM chattaM 7 AgAsitAo setavara cAmarAo 8 AgAsaphAliyAmayaM sapAdapIDhaM sIhAsanaM 9 AgAsagato kuDabhIsahassa pariMDitAbhirAmo iMdajajhao purato gacchati 10 jattha jattha vi ca naM arahaMtA bhagavaMto ciTThati vA nisIyaMti vA tattha tattha vi ca naM takkhaNA deva sachannapattapupphapallava samAkulo sacchatto sajjhaaro saghaMTo sapaDAgA asogavarapAtavo abhisaMjAyati 11 isi piTThao mauDaTThANamDi tejamaMDalaM abhisaMjAyati aMdhakAre vi ca naM dasa disAto pabhAseti 1230 ina sAta atizayoM meM se 'cakra' aura 'indradhvaja' chor3a kara zeSa pA~ca ko bAda meM aSTa mahAprAtihAryo meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / aupapAtika sUtra (prAya: IsvI 300) meM guNazIla-caitya meM samovasarita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzanArtha zreNikaputra meghakumAra ke prasthAna kA varNana hai / vahA~ bhI mahAvIra ke sambandha meM diye gaye lambe varNaka meM AkAzagata cakra, chatra, cAmara, siMhAsana aura Age calane vAle dharmadhvaja kA ullekha hai / yahA~ dharmadhvaja chor3akara zeSa tIna atizaya kI gaNanA bAda meM mahAprAtihAryoM meM huI hai aura ve sabhI vahI haiM jo samavAyAMga meM bhI atizayoM ke antargata diye gaye haiM / (yahA~ alabattA bhAmaMDala ullikhita nahIM hai) / isI taraha Avazyaka-niyukti (prAya: 525) meM bhI cAra vibhUtiyoM kA ullekha hai--vyaMtara devoM dvArA sarjita azokavRkSa, sapAdapITha siMhAsana, chatra aura cAmareM, yathA - ceiduma peTThachaMdaya-AsaNa chattaM ca cAmarAo ya / jaM caMDaNNaM karaNijja karaMti taM vANamaMtariyA / / 32 gAthA ke prathama caraNa ke antastha 'ca' zabda se 'dharmacakra' vivakSita hai aisA yAkinIsUnu haribhadrasUri ne apanI Avazyaka-laghuvRtti (prAya: IsvI 750) meM vyAkhyA karate samaya batAyA hai33 / haribhadrasUri ke pUrva AvazyakacUrNi (prAya: IsvI 600 se 650) meM bhI mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke upalakSa meM vahI cAra atizaya aura pA~cavIM vibhUti ke rUpa meM dharmacakra ginAyA gayA hai : "iha puNa imaM nANattaM jAva sAmI na pAvati tAva rattiM ceva devehiM tinni pAgArA katA aMto majjhe bAhiti, abhyaMtaraM vemAniyA savva ratanAmayaM nAnAmaNipaMcavannehiM kavisIsaehiM majjhimaM jotisiyA sovanaM ratanakavisIsagaM bAhiraM bhavanavAsI tA cyataM hemajaMbUnada kavisIsagaM avasesaM jaM vAtavi uvvane varisanaM pupphovagAro ca dhUvadAnaM ca taM vaMtarA kareMti asogavarapAtavaM jina uccatAo bArasaguNaM sakko viuvvati IsAno uvariM chattAttichattaM cAmaradharA ca, balicamarA asogaheTThao peDhaM devachaMdage sIhAsanaM sapAdapIThaM phAliyApayaM dhammacakkaM ca pauma patiTThiyaM / "

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 39 "anbhitarassa maNimayA kavisIsayA, majjhimassa ratanamayA, bAhirillassa hemamayA heva suvanaM / savvaratanamayA dArA / tesiM pAgArAnaM tiehati savva ratanamayI ceva toraNA, paDAgAhiM sae hi ya vibhuutiyaa| abhiMtarapAgArasa ca bahumajjhe cetiyarUkkho tassa heTThA ratanamayaM peDhaM tassa peDhassa uvariM cetiyarUkkhassa heTThA devacchaMdao bhavati, tassabbhaMtare sIhAsanaM bhavati, tassovariM chattAtichattaM ubhayo pAse ya do jakkhA cAmara hatthA ya saddhA purato dhammacakkaM ya paumapatiTThitaM / / 33 / / 24 __ aura AvazyakacUrNi se kucha varSa pUrva jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAya: IsvI 585) meM mahAvIra ke pAvA meM hue samavasaraNa kI varNanA meM prAkArAdi ke udbhava aura logoM ko ekatra karane vAle divyaghoSa ke dhvanita ho jAne ke pazcAt vahA~ siMhAsana, raktAzoka, (zakra grahita) chatra aura do indra (IzAnendra, camarendra) grahita zveta cAmaroM kA hI khAsa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai, yathA sIhAsaNe NisaNNo rattAsogassa heTato bhagavaM / sakko sahemajAlaM sayameva ya geNhate chattaM do honti cAmarAo setAo maNimaehiM daNDehi IsANacamarasahitA dharenti te NAtavacchassa / / 35 - vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1985-86 ina saboMko dekhate hue to lagatA hai ki uttara kI nirgrantha Agamika paramparAmeM tIrthaMkara ke samIpavartI dRzyamAna vibhUtiyoM para jora diyA gayA hai, aura unake pratyakSa padArthamAna atizayoM meM se moTe taura para pA~ca yA cAra kA ullekha hotA rahA hai / kahIM bhI unako prAtihArya nahIM kahA gayA hai aura samavAyAMga ke AdhAra para usako zvetAmbara paramparA meM to buddhAtizeSa atizayoM meM hI mAnA jAtA thA, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / isa prathA kA anusaraNa bAdameM nivRti kula ke zIlAcArya kRta caupannamahApurisa-cariya (IsvI0 869) meM bhI huA hai / vahA~ mahAvIra ke upalakSa meM dI gaI AryA meM samavasaraNa ke kaMkelli (azoka), chatrAdhichatra aura siMhAsana kI bAta karane ke bAda bhAmaMDala aura yakSa dvArA grahaNa kiye huai cAmara kA ullekha hai / 38 aba savAla yaha hai ki aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kA ullekha kaba se huA, kahA~ huA aura kisane kiyA ? upalabdha pramANoM se, uttara kI nirgrantha paramparA meM to vaha sabase pahale (koTika gaNa kI vajrI zAkhA ke) nAgendra kula ke muni vimalasUri kI suprasiddha kathAtmaka racanA paumacariya (saMbhavata: IsvI 473) meM ullikhita hai / vahA~ mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke upalakSa meM kahA gayA hai ki usa meM aSTamahAprAtihAryayukta do vakSaskAra the / / a ha doNNi ya vakkhArA aTThamahApADihera saMjutA / - paumacariya 2.251 vahA~ prAtihAryoM ke nAma nahIM ginAye parantu RSabhadeva ke kevalajJAna utpatti ke prasaMga meM Asana, chatrAdhichatra, cAmara, bhAmaNDala, kalpadruma, devadundubhighoSa aura puSpavRSTi kA ullekha kiyA hai / "

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra upanammi yA nANe upajjai AsaNaM jiNiMdassa / chattAichatta cAmara taheva bhAmaNDalaM vimalaM / kappadumo ya divvo dundahighosaM ca pupphavarisaM ca / savvAisAyasammago jiNavaraiTiM samaNupatto / / - paumacariya 4.18- 19 vahA~ zeSa raha jAne vAlA atizaya 'divyadhvani' isalie ullikhita nahIM hai kyoMki dezanA kA yaha avasara nahIM thA / anyathA yahA~ mahAprAtihArya hI parilakSita hai / parantu mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke prasaMga meM siMhAsana, chatrAdhichatra, cAmara, azoka (vRkSa) aura bhAmaNDala ina pA~ca hI vibhUtiyoM kA ullekha hai, jo isako niyuktivAlI paripATI ke samIpa le jAtA hai / 38 bhayavaM mi tihuyaNagurU vicitta sIhAsaNe suhaniviThTho / chattAichatta cAmara asoga bhAmaNDalasaNAho / / - paumacariya 2.53 paumacariya ke pazcAt saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa kI prasiddha kathA vasudevacarita (prAya: IsvI 550) meM jina zAntinAtha ke samavasaraNa ke anulakSa meM upasthita chaha divya vibhUtiyoM meM bhAmaNDala aura divyadhvani nahIM hai, para dharmacakra hai / cAra to vahI haiM jo Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, aura AvazyakacUrNi meM haiM / vizeSa meM yahA~ devadundubhi hai, yathA - 'tato devA bhavaNa-vimANAdhipayao gaMdhAdeya-kusumavarisaM ca vAsamANA upAgayA vaMdiUNa bhayavaMtaM paramasumaNasA saMTThiyA / vayaNarehiM ya samaMtato devaloyabhUyaM kayaM joyaNappamANaM / tato harisavasaviyasiyanayaNehiM vemANiya-joIsiya-bhavaNavaIhiM rayaNa-kaNaya-rayayamayA pAyarA khaNeNa nimmiyA mANikaNaya-rayaNakavi- sIsagovasohiyA / tesiM ca patteyaM patteyaM cattAri duvArANi rayayagiri sihrsrisaaiN| jattha ya arahA viyasiyamuho jagagurU saMThio / naMdivacchapAyavo so vi divvapahAveNa jayacakkhu ramaNeNa kapparUkkhasArikkharUviNA rattAsogeNa samocchaNNo / taNNissiyaM ca sIhAsaNamAgAsaphalihamayaM savAyapIThaM devANa vimhayajaNaNaM / uvariM gagaNadezamaMDaNaM sayalaceda paDibiMba bhUyaM chattAichattaM / bhaviyajaNa bohaNahare ca bhuvayaM puracchAbhimuho saNNisaNNo / ThipAya jakkhA cAmarUkkhevaDakkhittA / purao ya titthayarapAyamUle kaNayamayasahassapattapaiTThiyaM tarUNaravimaMDala nibhaM dhammacakkaM / ' 39 saMghadAsa unako prAtihArya nahIM kahate haiM paraMtu sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi (prAya: IsvI 675-700) meM, evaM haribhadra kI nandivRtti (prAya: IsvI 745) meM spaSTa rUpa se aSTa-prAtihAryoM se sambaddha eka saMskRta padya uddhRta kiyA huA milatA hai / ThIka yahI padya haribhadra ne phira anekAntajayapatAkA kI svopajJavRtti (prAya: IsvI 760-770) meM bhI uddhRta kiyA hai aura bAda kI zvetAmbara TIkAoM meM prasaMgopAtta vahI padya uddhRta hotA rahA hai / padya isa prakAra hai-40

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 41 azokavRkSaH surapuSpavRSTidivyodhvanizzAmaramAsanaM ca / / bhAmaNDalaM dundubhirAtapatraM satprAtihAryANi jinezvarANAm / / isa padya kI zailI va svarUpa ko dekhate hue aisA pratIta nahIM hotA ki yaha IsvI sAtavIM zatAbdI pUrvArdha se pUrva kI racanA hai / dAkSiNAtya paramparA meM aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kA ullekha sabase pahale tiloyapaNNattI (prAya: IsvI chaThI zatAbdI madhyabhAga) ke antargata milatA hai / vahA~ azokavRkSa, chatratraya, siMhAsana, gaNa, duMdubhi, puSpavRSTi aura bhAmaNDala ginAye gaye haiM, cAmara prAtihArya kA ullekha prakAzita AvRtti meM chUTa gayA hai| 'divyadhvani' ke sthAna para 'gaNoM' kA (pramathoM kA) ullekha hai, jo anyathA vasudevacarita meM bhI samavasaraNa ke upalakSa meM diyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt mahAmedhAvin dArzanika stutikAra svAmI samantabhadra kI stutividyA (prAya: IsvI 600) ke antargata aSTa-prAtihAryoM se sambaddha padya milatA hai / yathA : natapIlA sanAzoka sumanovarSa bhAsita: / bhAmaNDalAsanA'zoka sumanovarSa bhAsitaH / / 5 / / divyairdhvanisitacchatracAmarairdundubhisvanaiH / divyairvinirmitastotrazramadurduribhirjanaiH / / 6 / / ___ - stutividyA 5-6 ata: yahA~ bhAmaNDala, Asana, azoka (vRkSa), sumanavarSA, zvetacchatra, divyadhvani, cAmara aura dundubhi milAkara bAda kI kalpanA ke sabhI aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA ullekha hai / samantabhadra kI kRtiyoM ke pazcAt krama meM AtI haiM pUjyapAda devanandI (karmakAla prAya: IsvI 635-680) kI racanAe~ / dazabhakti ke nAma se pracalita saMskRta padyamaya racanAe~ prabhAcandra ne apanI kriyAkalApaTIkA (IsvI 1025-1050) ke antargata "pAdapUjya" arthAt 'pUjyapAda" kI batAI haiN| parantu pUjyapAda' vizeSaNa bhUtakAla meM devanandI ke atirikta bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, aura kucha anya AcAryoM ke lie bhI prayukta hone ke kAraNa evaM devanandI se sambaddha upalabdha abhilekhoM tathA sAhitya sandarbho meM unakI suprasiddha kRtiyoM - jainendralakSaNazAstra aura sarvArthasiddhiTIkA ke uparAnta samAdhitantra tathA iSTopadeza ke atirikta kahIM bhI dazabhakti kA ullekha na hone se inakI kartRtva-sthiti prAya: anizcita hai, aisA paM0 nAthUrAma premI kA maMtavya rahA thA / 43 dazabhakti kI zailI ke parIkSaNa se hama isa natIje para pahu~ce haiM ki devanandI kI anya racanAoM se inameM se kucha, saMgumphana aura prasAda kI dRSTi se nirAlI evaM behatara haiM aura inameM se ekAdha meM spaSTata: devanandI kI nijI rIti ke lakSaNa, zabdoM kA cunAva, lagAva tathA unakA viziSTa evaM apUrva lAghava bhI spaSTa rUpa se dekhane meM AtA hai / ho sakatA hai, prabhAcandra ke pAsa ina saba ko pUjyapAda kI kRtiyA~ mAnane ke lie pAraMparika AdhAra rahA ho / yadyapi unhoMne yaha nahIM batAyA ki 'pAdapUjya' kauna the, phira bhI moTe taura para vahA~ devanandI hI vivakSita haiM, aisA mAna sakate haiM /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra dazabhakti ke padyoM meM se 'nirvANa bhakti' ke prAraMbhika 20 padya to jina vIra ke paJcakalyANaka se sambaddha hai aura jaisA ki premIjI ne kahA hai, yaha koI pRthak racanA honI cAhie" / aura vahA~ bAda meM Ane vAle padya 21 se lekara 32 taka kA hissA hI vAstavameM nirvANabhUmi se sambaddha hai, jisake zailI evaM chanda pUrvakathita vIrapaJcakalyANakastotra se dikhAI detI zailI-bhinnatA ke AdhAra para evaM viziSTa lAghava kI upasthiti ke kAraNa isako devanandI kI racanA mAna sakate haiM / anya kartRka pUrvokta 'mahAvIrastotra' meM 14veM padya meM kaivalyaprApti ke bAda vaibhAra parvata para jina kI prathama dharmopadezanA ke upalakSya meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA prAdurbhAva huA ullikhita hai / 5 yathA chatrAzoko ghoSaM siMhAsanaduMdubhI kusumavRSTiM / vara cAmarabhAmaMDala divyAnyanyAni yAvAyat / / zailI ke AdhAra para yaha stotra saptama zataka se arvAcIna ho aisA nahIM lagatA / nirvANabhakti ke atirikta nandIzvarabhakti ke aMdara aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kA ullekha hai / yaha bhakti bhI do pRthak (kintu zAyada eka hI kartA kI) racanAoM kA milAjulA (yA jur3A gayA) svarUpa prakaTa karatI hai / isameM eka se lekara 37 veM taka ke padya meM devakalpoM se prArambha karake sakala loka meM rahe. akRtrima (zAzvata) jinacaityoM kA byorA diyA gayA hai, jisameM nandIzvaradvIpa bhI A jAtA hai aura padya 38 se lekara antima padya 60 ke antargata pahale to tIrthaMkaroM ke 34 atizaya aura usake pazcAt aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kA vivaraNa hai / donoM racanAoM kI zailI eka sI hai; itanA hI nahIM, vaha vIra paJcakalyANakastotra kI zailI se bhI milatI-julatI hai / sambhava hai, ina tInoM ke kartA eka hI hoN| atizayoM aura prAtihAryoM kA varNana karane vAlI yaha dUsarI racanA bhI atyanta zravaNa-madhura evaM sulalita hai; aura yaha kRti bhI prAkamadhyakAla ke bAda kI ho, aisA mahasUsa nahIM hotA / racayitA nizcaya hI AlA darjA ke kavi rahe the / yahA~ 34 atizayoM kI varNanA bahuta hI sarasa evaM sumaMjula padAvalI meM gumphita kI gaI hai / isake sabhI padya yahA~ peza karane kA lAlaca rokakara kevala inameM se Aqhira vAle tIna padya dekara bAda ke aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM se sambaddha padya pUre hI pUre prastuta kareMge / varapadmarAgakesaramatulasukhasparzahemamayadalanicayam / pAdanyAse padmaM sapta pura: pRSThatazca sapta bhavaMti / / eteneti tvaritaM jyotiryaMtaradivaukasAmRtabhuja: / kulizabhRdAjJApanayA kurvatyanye samantato vyAvhAnam / / sphuradasahasraruciraM vimalamahAratnakiraNanikaraparItam / prahasitakiraNasahasradyutimaMDalamagragAmi dharmasucakram / / vaiDUryasUcira viTapa pravAlamRdupallavopazobhitazAkhaH / zrImAnazokavRkSo varamarakatapatragahana bahalacchAya: / /

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA maMdArakuMdakuvalayanIlotpala kamalamAlatI bakulAdyaiH / samadabhramaraparItairvyAmizrA patati kusumavRSTirnabhasaH / / kaTakakaTisUtrakuMDalakeyUraprabhRtibhUSitAMgau svaMgau / yakSau kamaladalAkSau parinikSipata: salIlacAmarayugalam / / Akasmikamiva yugapaddivasakarasahasramapagatavyavadhAnam / bhAmaMDalamavibhAvitarAtriM divabhedamatitarAmAbhAti / / prabalapavanAbhighAtaprakSubhitasamudraghoSamandradhvAnam / daMdhvanyate suvINAvaMzAdisuvAdyaduMdubhistAlasamam / / tribhuvanapatitAlAMchanamiMdutrayatulyamatulamuktAjAlam / chatratrayaM ca subRhadvaiDUryaviklRpta daMDamadhikamanojJam / / dhvanirapi yojanamekaM prajAyate zrotrahadayahArigabhIraH / sasalilajaladharapaTaladhvanitamiva pravitatAntarAzAvalayam / / sphuritAMzuratnadIdhitipariviccharitAmarendracApacchAyam / dhriyate mRgendravaryaiH sphaTikazilAghaTita siMhaviSTaramatulam / / yasyeha catustriMzatpravaraguNA prAtihAryalakSmyazcASTau / tasmai namo bhagavate tribhuvanaparamezvarArhate guNamahate / / prAtihAryoM se sambaddha padya itane hI camakIle haiM, jitane atizayoM vAle / prAtihAryoM kI varNanA dekhane se inameM se kucha meM hameM anya digambara-mAnya vibhAvana se anokhI evaM kucha pahaluoM meM to uttara kI paramparA ke samIpa sI dikhAI detI hai / jaisA ki atizayoM meM agragAmI dharmacakra kA samAveza aura prAtihAryoM meM azokavRkSa kA raktAzoka rUpeNa vivaraNa tathA yakSoM dvArA gRhIta cAmara-yugala ityAdi se lagatA hai ki kartA zAyada yApanIya rahe hoM yA yApanIya mAdhyama se uttara kI Agamika paramparA se paricita rahe hoMge, jo ki anyathA unhoMne 34 atizayoM meM digambara racanAoM ke mAfika hI mahAprAtihAryoM ko samAviSTa nahIM kiyA hai| jisakI racanAkAla ke sambandha meM spaSTa sUcanA ho, aisI prAkamadhyakAlIna racanAomeM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI udyotanasUri viracita kuvalayamAlAkahA (IsvI 778) sabase prAcIna hai / vahA~ prAtihArya isa prakAra ullikhita hai / (yaha varNana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke anulakSa meM kiyA gayA hai ) yathA eyassa majjhAre raiyaM deveNa maNimayaM tuMgaM / kaMcaNa-selaM va thiraM varAsaNaM bhuvaNanAhassa / / tatto pasariya kiraNaM dittaM bhAmaMDalaM muNivaissa / __ vara duMduhI ya dIsai vara sura kara tADiyA sahasA / / komala kisalaya hAraM pavaNuvvellaMta goccha cacaiyaM /

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44 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra bArasa guNa tuMgayaraM asoga vara pAyavaM rammaM / / tato viphala iyaM tihuyaNa - sAmittaNekka vara ciMdhaM / caMdAvali vva raiyaM chattatiyaM dhammaNAhassa / / pAsehiM cAmarAo sakkIsANehiM do vi dhariyAo / kuTTa sIha - NAo viDaMti ya divva- kusumAI / / - ( yadyapi yahA~ divyadhvani anullikhita raha jAtA hai phira bhI karttA ko vahA~ aSTa mahAprAtihArya hI abhipreta the aisA kahA jA sakatA hai 1 ) kuvalayamAlAkahA 179 isake turaMta bAda ke punnATasaMghIya jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa ( IsvI 784 ) meM, paJcastUpAnvaya ke svAmI vIrasenaziSya jinasena ke AdipurANa ( IsvI 836 - 850 ke bIca ) meM tathA bAda ke digambara madhyakAlIna sAhitya meM prAtihAryoM ke ullekha milate rahate haiM, jaisA ki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI / (dekhie tAlikA kramAMka 6) aba purAnI jina pratimAoM ke viSaya meM kyA sthiti thI vaha dekhA jAya to kuSANakAlIna tathA guptakAlIna mathurA, ahicchatrA (adhicchatrA ), evaM vidizA ( IsvI 436 ) ke dRSTAMto meM vibhUtiyoM kI upasthiti aura usakI saMkhyA kisI niyama ko lekara ho aisA mahasUsa nahIM hotA / kahIM tIna, to kahIM cAra, to kahIM pA~ca / kahIM caityavRkSa dikhAyA hai to adhikatara meM bhAmaNDala se hI kAma calAyA hai / siMhAsana bahudhA milatA hI hai, para cAmaradhArI milate bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI / unake sthAna para ArAdhakoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI mila jAtI haiM / chatra sambaddha dekhA jAya to vaha guptayuga ke prArambha taka pratimA ke bhAmaNDala ke Upara ke hisse se saMlagna na hokara pratimA ke pichale hisse meM jur3I stambhikA para jor3akara addhara (above) rakha diyA jAtA thA / ( aura vaha bhI chatratraya na hokara samakAlika buddha pratimA meM hotA thA, isa taraha eka hI chatra rahA hogA / ) pratimAoM se saMlagna prAtihAryoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi prAya: sAtavIM zatAbdI se dikhAI detI hai, jaba se chatra bhI kabhI-kabhI chatratraya ke rUpa meM naz2ara AnA prAraMbha hotA hai / devadundubhi bhI mila hI jAya aisA niyama nahIM, aura puSpavRSTi to AkAzacArI mAlAdhara - vidyAdharoM ke dvArA sUcita hotI thI / (divyadhvani ko to zilpa meM citrita karanA yA AbhAsita karanA muzkila hai / ) vetAmbara sAhitya meM prAtihArya se sambaddha spaSTa rUpa se do bhinna abhigama dikhAI dete haiM / Agama evaM Agamika sAhitya meM aSTa- prAtihAryoM kA koI eka samavAya, viziSTa samUha rUpeNa alaga vibhAva, thA hI nahIM / vahA~ tIrthaMkaroM ke 34 atizayoM ke aMtargata prAtihAryoM meM se cAra yA kabhI - kabhI pA~ca yA chaha IIT hI samAveza rahA / (dekhie tAlikA kramAMka 5 / ) saba se pahale kathAtmaka sAhitya meM aSTa prAtihArya kI kalpanA prakaTa rUpa se dikhAI detI hai, aura vahA~ spaSTa ho jAne ke bAda vaha anugupta evaM prAkmadhyakAla se, zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyA - sAhitya meM usako svIkAra karake, samAviSTa kiyA gayA / dUsarI ora digambara sAhitya meM aSTa- mahAprAtihArya mAnI jAtI vibhUtiyA~, unake mAnya 34 atizayoM meM zAmila nahIM hai / trilokaprajJapti ( prAya: IsvI 550 ) meM diye gaye 34 atizayoM meM sira para cakra dhAraNa kiye I

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 45 hue, samavasaraNa kI caturdizA anulakSita cAra yakSendroM aura pAdapITha kI bAta hai, para azokavRkSa, siMhAsana, cAmara, bhAmaNDala aura chatrAdi vahA~ nahIM hai / zvetAmbara-mAnya atizayoM meM AkAzavartI eka hI dharmacakra batAyA hai aura vahA~ kA zakradhvaja digambaroM kI ginatI meM hai hI nahIM / vahA~ aSTamahAprAtihAryoM ko alaga samUha meM ginAyA gayA hai aura usameM dharmacakra ko chor3akara azokavRkSAdi kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / trilokaprajJapti hI aisA prathama grantha hai jisameM atizayoM ko tIna vargajanmajAta, kevalajanita aura devakRta--meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / yU~ to aSTa prAtihArya devakRta atizayoM ke aMdara AnA cAhie thA, para vahA~ isa taraha nahIM hai / vastu, Ayojana evaM lekhana-zailI kI dRSTi se trilokaprajJapti AgamoM ke bAda hue vikAsa kA dyotaka zAstra hai / trilokaprajJapti ke atizayoM meM bAda meM nirgrantha-darzana meM saMpraviSTa divya samavasaraNa kI kalpanA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke caturdizA se sambaddha devakRta caturmukha rUpAbhAsa kA ullekha hai, para tIna prAkAroM kA nahIM, jo zvetAmbaroM meM sarvaprathama vasudevacarita (prAya: I0 550) aura bAda ke sAhitya meM hai / ___ DA0 umAkAnta zAha upalabdha sAhityika aura pratimAviSayaka pramANoM ke AloDana ke bAda isa nirNaya para pahu~ce haiM ki aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kI pUrNarUpa se kalpanA guptakAla ke anta meM zurU ho kara vizeSa karake anugupta kAla meM dRDhIbhUta huI thI aura atizayoM meM se pRthak karake hI prAtihAryoM ko batAyA gayA thA / Upara carcita sabhI purAne pramANoM ko dekhate hue vibhUtiyoM kI kalpanA meM na hai sanAtanatA, na atIva purAtanatva yA kramabaddhatA, na hI saMkhyA aura prakAra ke viSaya meM sadaiva ekavAkyatA hai / uttarApatha kI Agamika paramparA meM to aSTa-prAtihArya rUpI samavAya kI kalpanA na hokara usameM mukhya-mukhya jo dRzyamAna evaM dravyamaya rahA, usakA aMtarbhAva 34 atizayoM meM hI thA / yaha saba dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki bhaktAmarakAra aSTa-prAtihAryo ko lekara nahIM para 34 meM se cAra devakRta pratyakSa atizayoM ko grahaNa karake, Avazyakaniyukti Adi kI paramparA ke anusAra cale haiM / itanA hI nahIM, bhaktAmarakAra kI una cAra vibhUtiyoM ke lakSaNa bhI zvetAmbara varNanA se milate-julate haiM, jisa para Age vivecana kiyA jAyegA / isa pariprekSya meM dekhA jAya to bhaktAmarastotrakAra ko aSTa-mahAprAtihArya apekSita the, aisA mAnakara cAra padyoM kI pUrti kara dene vAle uttara madhyakAlIna muni-kavigaNa meM itihAsa-dRSTi na hone se, Aja jaisA vizleSaNAtmaka-samIkSAtmaka abhigama evaM paddhati na apanAne se, apanI-apanI samajha aura kavitAsAmarthya ke anusAra cAra adhika padyoM ko banA dene ke uddezya se, unake dvArA kama se kama cAra (yA pA~ca) alaga-alaga, eka dUsare se svataMtra evaM anabhijJa rahakara, jude-jude dezakAla meM prayatna hue / para sAMpratakAlIna vidvAn isa viSaya para vizeSa anveSaNa kie binA isake pakSa meM yA pratipakSa meM kalama calAte rahe, isa ghaTanA se bhArI acaMbhA hotA hai / yadi bhaktAmara meM cAra-prAtihAryoM kI kamI mAnI jAya to Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi tathA vasudevacarita evaM caupannamahApurisacariya meM bhI kamI mAnakara vahA~ bhI bAkI rahane vAle prAtihAryoM ko lekara mUla saMgaThana ke anusAra ekAdha AryA yA gAthA yA daMDaka meM vaha bAMdhakara dAkhila kara denA cAhie aura isI siddhAnta

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra ko lekara purAnI sabhI jina pratimAyeM, jinameM pUre ATha prAtihArya nahIM haiM, silAvaTa ko biThAkara bAkI rahane vAle prAtihArya takSita karavA denA cAhie / tAtparya yaha hai ki bhaktAmarakAra ko mUla meM aSTa prAtihArya, aura usake sameta 48 padya abhipreta thA, aisA koI pramANa nahIM, balki sabhI pramANa isase viparIta haiM / isa dazA meM "gambhIratAra0" se zurU hone vAlA cAra padya - jisakI bezaka pichalI kucha sadiyoM se digambara sampradAya meM kAfI mAnyatA rahI hai - kSepaka hI hone se mUla stotra ke pATha meM yadi na rakhA jAya to vaha bilakula hI susaMgata hai / isakI anupasthiti se na to stotra meM koI 'apUrNatA' raha jAtI hai, na usameM A jAtI hai 'sadoSatA' yA vikRti / balki cAra padyoM ko ghuser3a dene kI prakriyA ko hI jabarradastI aura betukA prayatna mAnA jAyegA / uttara madhyakAlavAloM ke aise prayatnoM ko bahAla rakhane se mUlakAra ke sAtha sarAsara anyAya hI hogA / isa adhyAya ke AkhirI caraNa meM kucha digambara vidvadvaryoM ke abhiprAyoM aura kucha zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM anya vidvAnoM ke maMtavyoM ke avalokana ke sAtha vaktavya samApta kareMge / zrImAn kaTAriyA kA kathana rahA ki "zve0 sampradAya bhaktAmara ke 32 se 35 taka ke cAra zlokoM ko nahIM mAnatA hai kula 44 zloka hI mAnatA hai isase cAraprAtihAryoM kA varNana chUTa jAtA hai jaba ki zve0 sampradAya meM bhI pUre 8 prAtihArya mAne haiM / kalyANamandira stotra meM bhI 'bhaktAmara' kI taraha pUre ATha prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai aura use zve0 sampradAya bhI avikala rUpa se mAnatA hai taba phira bhaktAmarastotra ke ukta cAra zlokoM ko zve0 sampradAya kyoM nahIM mAnatA ? zAyada yaha kahA jAtA hai ki kalyANamandira meM 44 zloka haiM ata:, bhaktAmara meM bhI 44 hI hone cAhie, agara yaha kahA jAtA hai to yaha ajIba tuka hai / aisA tuka milAnevAloM ko cAhie ki jisa taraha kalyANamandira meM 8 prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai usI taraha bhaktAmara meM bhI 8 prAtihAryoM ke varNana vAle pUre zloka mAneM, vyartha zloka saMkhyA sAmya meM par3akara cAra prAtihAryoM ko na chodd'eN| _zve0 sthAnakavAsI kavivara muni amaracandajI ne pUre 48 zloka mAnakara hI bhaktAmara kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA hai dUsare bhI zve0 vidvAnoM ko isakA anukaraNa karanA cAhie / " kaTAriyAjI ke pUrva ajitakumAra jI ne bhI kucha aisA hI kahA hai; alabattA vaha unakI nijI zailI, valana-calana, aura pazyatA ko vafAdAra rahakara hI / "...... itanA z2arUra hai ki bhaktAmarastotra ko 44 zlokoM vAlA mAna lene para bhaktAmarastotra adhUrA avazya raha jAtA hai, kyoMki tIrthakaroM ke prAtihArya jisa prakAra digambara sampradAya ne mAne haiM usI prakAra ke zvetAmbara sampradAya meM pradAya meM bhI mAne gaye haiM / ina ATha prAtihAryoM kA varNana jisa prakAra kalyANamandira stotra meM hai, jisako ki zvetAmbara sampradAya bhI mAnatA hai, usI prakAra bhaktAmarastotra meM bhI rakhA gayA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAyake bhaktAmarastotra meM jina 32, 33, 34, 35 saMkhyA vAle cAra zlokoM ko nahIM rakkhA gayA hai unameM krama se dundubhi, puSpavRSTi, bhAmaNDala aura divyadhvani ina cAra prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai / ukta cAra zlokoM ko na mAnane para ye cAroM prAtihArya chUTa jAte haiM / ata: kahanA par3egA ki zvetAmbarIya bhaktAmarastotra meM sirpha cAra hI prAtihArya batalAye haiM, jabaki zvetAmbarIya siddhAntAnusAra prAtihArya ATha hote haiM, aura

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA una chor3e hue cAra prAtihAryoM ko kalyANamandira stotrameM kramaza: 25, 20, 24, tathA 21 nambara ke zlokoM meM gumphita kiyA gayA hai / ata: zvetAmbara sampradAyake sAmane do samasyAe~ haiM / eka to yaha ki, yadi kalyANamandira ko yaha pUrNatayA apanAtA haiM to kalyANamandira kI taraha tathA apane siddhAntAnusAra bhaktAmarastotra meM bhI AThoM prAtihAryoM kA varNana mAneM taba use bhaktAmara stotra ke 48 zloka mAnane hoMge / dUsarI yaha ki, yadi bhaktAmarastotra meM apanI mAnyatAnusAra cAra prAtihArya hoM to kalyANamandira meM bhI 20, 29, 24 tathA 25 naMbara ke zlokoM ko nikAla kara donoM stotroM ko samAna banA deveM / ina donoM samasyAoM meM se pahalI samasyA hI zvetAmbara samAja ko apanAnI hogI; kyoMki vaise karane para hI bhaktAmarastotra kA pUrNarUpa unake pAsa rahegA / aura usa dazA meM digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya ke bhaktAmarastotra meM kucha bhI antara nahIM rahegA / "50 ina vaktavyoM meM 44 kI jagaha 48 padyoM ko svIkAra kara lene kI, zvetAmbara sampradAya ko kucha murabbIpanA ke bhAva (patronizing attitude) se dI gaI salAha ke suphiyAnApana ke viSaya meM to do mata nahIM ho sakatA / itihAsavettA ise svIkAra kareM yA na kareM yaha dUsarI bAta hai / pahalI muzkila bAta to yaha ki "gambhIratAra0" Adi cAra padya mUlata: amaulika haiM / inakA mAnatuMga kI zailI se sarvathA durmela hai / dUsarI bAta yaha ki mAnatuMgAcArya ko vahA~ samavAya rUpa se 'aSTamahAprAtihArya' abhipreta thA aisA siddha nahIM ho sakatA / Upara hama dekha cuke haiM ki kartA ne uttara kI paripATI ke 34 atizayoM meM se cunakara cAra 'atizayoM' kA hI varNana kiyA hai, jisa paripATI kA anusaraNa Avazyakaniyukti Adi kI paramparA ke aMtargata siddha hai / yadi mAnatuMgAcArya ko stotra-karaNa meM aSTamahAprAtihArya abhipreta hote to vaha khuda hI AThoM ke varNana karane meM hicakicAte nahIM / jo vastu mUlakartA kI vaidhAnika yojanA meM na rahI ho, kalpanA aMtargata na ho, Adarza meM sannihita na ho, usako una para Aropita karake, jabarana thopa dene se, aura aisA karane ke lie unakI sarvAMga-sarasa evaM saMtarpaka kRti meM ni:sAra padyoM ko ghuser3a dene se to bhArI asAmaMjasya paidA hotA hai / aisA karane kA hameM, yA kisI ko madhyakAla meM bhI, koI adhikAra hai yA thA, mAnanA bahuta muzkila hai / ina atirikta cAra padyoM ko svIkAra kara lene se kisI sAmpradAyika mAnyatA ko to zAyada "Thesa" nahIM pahu~catI, para aitihAsika prAmANikatA ko, tathyavAda ko to gaharI coTa laga jAtI hai, bhArI nukasAna ho jAtA hai / / sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM amaracandajI muni se bhI pUrva 48 padyoM vAlA pATha pracalita thA / jAmanagara se san 1915 meM sthAnakavAsI muni giradharalAlajI dvArA saMzodhita jJAnasAgara meM jo bhaktAmarastotra hai, usameM digambara pATha vAle 4 atirikta padya lie gaye haiM aura isase bhI pahale jainahitecchu evaM jainasamAcAra (ahamadAbAda) ke grAhakoM ko gujarAtI meM anuvAda sahita bheMTa die gaye, 48 padya vAle bhaktAmarastotra kI chapI huI, nakala kI mitI san 1909 hai / aise aura bhI dRSTAnta hoMge / kintu kevala dhArmika dRSTikoNa se, evaM itihAsa se anajAna rahanevAle loga jo kucha karate haiM

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra unake aucitya yA anaucitya ke viSaya meM kucha bhI AlocanA karanA bekAra hai / ve jo kucha bhI kareM isakI jimmedArI unake sira para aura unake dvAra para hI rahatI hai / hama yahA~ jo carcA kara rahe haiM vaha vizva ke aitihAsika anveSaNAM ke svIkRta dhoraNoM (standards) para AdhArita hai aura tathyAnveSaNa ke pariprekSya meM kyA sahI ho sakatA hai, upalabdha pramANoM kI buniyAda para kyA samIcIna laga rahA hai, itanA hI kahanA cAhate haiM / hama na digambara sampradAya ko, na sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ko kucha salAha dene yogya haiM, na deMge ki Apa " gambhIratAra0" Adi 4 atirikta padyoM ko haTA dIjie; na maMdiramArgI zvetAmbaroM, na nirgranthetara vidvadjanoM se Agraha kareMge ki Apa una cAra vizeSa padyoM ko svIkAra kara lIjie / jaisA ki Upara kI gaI lambI carcA meM hama pramANoM ke AdhAra para dekha Ae haiM, mUlakarttA ko 44 hI padya apekSita rahe the; athavA Aja jo upalabdha kRti hai usameM yadi mUla meM 48 padya rahe bhI hoM, aisA mAnA jAya to bhI, asala ke cAra padyoM ko to lambe samaya se gAyaba hI mAnanA par3egA | atirikta cAra padyavAle sabhI gucchaka mAnatuMgAcArya kI mUla kRti meM dikhAI dene vAlI rozanI aura khUbasUratI se khAlI haiM / 1 48 zrImAn agaracanda nAhaTA jI ne paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI ke khAsa prazna ke uttara meM zvetAmbara granthabhaNDAroM meM se prApta bhaktAmarastotra kI upalabdha jo pratiyA~ prAcIna haiM, unake sambandha meM pUrI sUcanA peza kI thI aura isa para mahAmAnyavara jyotiprasAda jaina ne apanA pratibhAva do bhinna bhinna sthAna para abhivyakta kiyA hai / eka ke viSaya meM to hama pIche dekha cuke haiM; dUsarA sthAnavAlA avalokana yahA~ Age upasthita kiyA jAyegA / bhaktAmarastotra ke zvetAmbaramAnya pATha kI prAcIna pratiyA~ pATaNa, khaMbhAta, jaisalamera, aura puNe ke grantha-bhaNDAroM meM haiM / jinameM se pahale tIna meM to tAr3apatrIya aneka pothiyA~ haiM / pATaNa - sUci meM lipi para anumita kAla nahIM diyA gayA hai; aura jina pothiyoM meM lipi kA varSa uTTaMkita hai unameM nakala kI gaI aneka kRtioM meM se ekAdha Adarza kI haiM; isako bhaktAmara stotra kA lipi - kAla mAnA nahIM jA sakatA, jaisA nAhaTA jI ne mAna liyA thA / para khaMbhAta aura jaisalamera kI pratiyoM lie lipi para se anumita mitiyA~ vahA~ sUci-granthoM meM dI gaI haiM, jisase hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki inameM se jo prAcInatama haiM, IsvI 13vIM zatAbdI kI haiM aura kisI-kisI kA IsvI 12vIM uttarArdha kA honA asaMbhava nahIM / ThIka yahI bAta khaMbhAta ke bhaMDAra kI tIna pratiyoM kI bhI hai / vahA~ bhI tIna meM se sabase prAcIna 13vIM zatI meM lipibaddha huI ho aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai aura yahI sthiti pATaNa pratiyoM ke samaya ke viSaya meM bhI mAnanI hogI / isa viSaya meM vidvanmukhya jyotiprasAda jI kA avalokana yahA~ akSaraza: prastuta karake, bAda meM hameM jo kucha kahanA hai kaheMge / sabase pahale unhoMne bhaktAmara stotra anulakSita jo digambara kRtiyA~ banI haiM unakA taulavadezIya nAgacandra muni kI saM0 1531 ( IsvI 1475 ) meM banI huI paJcastotra - TIkA se lekara saM0 1891 / IsvI 1835 taka kA silasilevAra byorA diyA hai; parantu isase bhaktAmara kI digambara- mAnya gambhIratArAdi padyoM kI prAcInatA kaise siddha hotI hai, samajha meM nahIM AtA / vahA~ kRtiyoM kI sUcI de dene ke pazcAt Age calakara Apa zrImAn ne likhA hai : "inake atirikta, siMhAnvaya ke muni dharmasiMha ke ziSya muni ratnasiMha kA prANapriya kAvya, jo 48 zlokoM kI pAdapUrti rUpa hai, use 18 vIM zatI kI racanA aura usake racayitA ratnasiMha

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 49 ko laukAgacchIya sAdhu mAnane kA nAhaTA jI ke pAsa kyA AdhAra hai, yaha unhoMne kahIM sUcita nahIM kiyaa| ratnasiMha svayaM apane ko siMha saMgha kA anuyAyI batA rahe haiM / (zrIsiMhasaMghasuvineyaka-dharmasiMha pAdAravindamadhuliha-muniratnasiMha: ) sva0 paM0 nAthUrAma premI (jai0 sA0 i0 pR0 494) inakA paricaya de cuke haiM / hamArA anumAna hai, pAhuDa dohA (apabhraMza) ke kartA muni rAmasiMha jinakA samaya nAhaTA jI bhI 11vIM zatI kA madhya svIkAra karate haiM, kI hI paramparA meM uparokta dharmasiMha aura ratnasiMha hue haiN| siMha saMgha digambara AmnAya kA hI eka saMgha thA aura 12vIM-13vIM zatI ke bAda usakA koI ullekha nahIM dekhane meM aayaa| ata: sambhAvanA hai ki muni ratnasiMha aura unakA prANapriya kAvya 12vIM yA 13vIM zatI kA ho / amRtalAla jI ne eka anya samasyApUrti kAvya 'bhaktAmara zatadvayI' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki usase bhI 48 saMkhyA kA samarthana hotA hai kintu unhoMne yaha nahIM batAyA ki yaha diga0 racanA hai yA zve0 / nAhaTA jI bhI isa viSaya meM mauna ho gaye / aisA lagatA hai ki isake racayitA koI zve0 vidvAn hI haiM / yadi aisA hai to zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI 48 zlokI pATha ke pracalita rahane kA samarthana hotA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke hI sthAnakavAsI Adi upasampradAyoM meM 48 zlokI pATha pracalita hai| tIsare, jaisA ki zAstrI jI ne spaSTa kiyA hai aura nAhaTAjI ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, vivakSita cAra padyoM ke na rahane se stotra meM ATha prAtihAryoM meM se kevala cAra kA hI ullekha raha jaayegaa| jinendra ke aSTa-prAtihArya suprasiddha evaM ubhaya sampradAya mAnya haiM, tathA bhaktAmarastotra kI hI bhA~ti ubhaya sampradAya meM mAnya kalyANamandira stotra meM bhI AThoM prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai / koI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA ki stotrakAra cAra kA hI varNana karake kyoM ruka jAte ?"52 "astu isa viSaya meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki bhaktAmara stotra jainoM ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM atyaMta lokapriya stotra hai, isake pracAra kI prAcInatA yadi zve0 paramparA meM 13vIM 14vIM zatI taka pahu~catI hai to digambara samAja meM usase kama nahIM, yadi zve0 paramparA meM usa para aneka kRtiyA~ racI gaIM to diga0 lekhakoM kI bhI eka darjana se adhika kRtiyoM kA hama Upara ullekha kara Aye haiM, aura bhI ho sakatI haiM / prApta pratiyoM kI prAcInatA kahIM bhI cha:-sAta sau varSa se adhika nahIM hai - kevala tAr3apatra para hone se to koI prAcIna nahIM hotI / ataeva, yaha kahanA atyaMta kaThina hai ki stotra ke mukhyarUpa meM 48 padya the, yA 44, yadyapi 48 padyoM se hI vaha pUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai, anyathA apUrNa rahatA hai / una cAroM padyoM meM koI aisI bAta bhI nahIM ki kisI kI bhI sAmpradAyikatA ko Thesa lagatI ho / aisI sthiti meM kyA antara par3atA hai ki kisI sampradAya meM usakI mAnyatA kI ApekSika prAcInatA sau-pacAsa varSa kama yA adhika hai / hamArI samajha se to bhaktapravara mAnatuGga kA yaha apratima stotra jaina mAtra ko bhAvanAtmaka ekasUtratA meM bAMdhane vAlI eka sundara evaM uttama kar3I hai / aisI jitanI cIjeM, jo sabako samAna rUpa se grAhya hoM, jitanI ujAgara kI jAya aura pracAra meM lAyI jAya, jinazAsana ke lie zreyaskara hogA / aisI sarvagrAhya cIjoM ke viSaya meM sAmpradAyika dRSTi se socanA-samajhanA bhI zAyada ThIka nahIM hogA3 / " isase bhI jo ve cAhate haiM usa lakSya para pahuMcanA muzkila hai / kAraNa hama batAyeMge /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 1) ratnasiMha-dharmasiMha jaise abhidhAnadhArI muniyoM to digambara paramparA meM milate nahIM haiM / dUsarI ora zvetAmbaroM meM aise nAmadhArI muni IsvI 15vIM se 18vIM taka hue haiM (hA~ ! nAhaTA jI ne prANapriyakAvyakAra dharmasiMha ko loMkAgacchIya mAna liyA hai, vaha bhrAntimUlaka hai / usa dharmasiMha muni ke guru kA nAma khemakarNa thA / ) philahAla prANapriya-kAvyakAra ko siMha saMgha kA muni mAnA jAya to bhI ve kaba hue usakA aMdAz2A ekadama sarala nahIM / IsvI 11vIM zatI meM hone vAle, apabhraMza meM dohA ke kartA rAmasiMha ke anvaya meM ye muni hue hoMge, yaha kalpanA mAtra hai / pahale to prANapriya-kAvya kI zailI dekhane se aisA lagatA hI nahIM ki vaha madhyakAlIna kRti hai / purAne kAvyoM para pAdapUrti rUpeNa kAvyoM kI racanA karane ke zaukIna zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI bhaktAmara para aise kAvyoM ko IsvI 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta se pahale racA hI nahIM, yaha bar3A Azcarya hai / yadi prANapriya-kAvya IsvI 12vIM-13vIM kI racanA hai, aisA mAnA hI jAya to vaha dekhakara zvetAmbaroM ne usase kama se kama 14vIM-15vIM zatI meM bhI preraNA kyoM nahIM lI vaha samajhanA bahuta muzkila hai / (aura digaMbarone bAda meM eka bhI aisI racanA nahIM kii|) premI jI ne yaha kAvya prakAzita to kiyA thA, para kisI purAnI prati ke AdhAra para nahIM, balki mukhapATha suna kr| dUsarI ora kApar3iyA jI ne usa kAvya kI eka prati ko saM0 1730 (I0 1674) hone kA z2ikra kiyA hai / aba isako IsvI 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI kI pratiyoM ke barAbara yA samakakSa mAnakara pramANarUpa ThaharavA denA itihAsa se sambaddha satyAnveSaNa meM upakAraka kaise siddha ho sakatA hai, hamArI samajha se to bAhara hI hai / prANapriya-kAvya kA AdhAra "gambhIratAra0" vAle cAra atirikta padyoM vAlI kRAte hai / isalie, "gambhIratAra0" padya kSepaka hone para bhI kaba bane hoMge, vaha bAta vicAraNIya hai / usake dvitIya padya ke AkhirI caraNa meM jo "tati' zabda AtA hai vaha yoM to stutyAdi kAvyoM meM khAsa dekhane ko nahIM milatA / yaha zabda bhI vahA~ nirarthaka na hote hue pada meM akSaroM ke khAlI rahate sthAna ko bhara dene meM kucha hada taka upayukta mAnA jAtA ho aisA bhI saMbhava hai / aisI 'tati' zabda kI prayogAzrita pravRtti digambara bhaTTAraka ekasandhi kI jinasaMhitA (prAya: IsvI 1300-1325) meM kaI jagaha dekhane ko milatI hai / kyA ve cAra suprasiddha kSepaka padya bhaTTAraka ekasandhi ke to banAye hue nahIM haiM ? yadi yaha saca hai to una cAra prakSipta padyoM kA samaya bhI IsvI 14vIM ke prArambha ke karIba mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ina padyoM kI zailI mAnatuMga ke padyoM kI zailI se bhinna hone ke alAvA spaSTatayA bahuta hI pazcAtkAlIna hai / bhaktAmara ke anya sabhI padyoM ke mukAbale meM kAvya tattva kI dRSTi se ve nikRSTa haiM hI, parantu ve IsvI 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI kI digambara-zvetAmbara stutyAtmaka racanAe~, jaise ki kumudacandra kA kalyANamandirastotra evaM cikUra dvAtriMzikA (prAya: IsvI 12vIM zatI prathama caraNa), dvitIya devanandI kA siddhapriyastotra (prAya: IsvI 1275 yA isake pUrva), rAjagacchIya ratnAkara sUri kRta AtmagarhAstotra (prAya: IsvI 1250) Adi ke sAmane rakhe jAya to kakSA meM usase utarI huI koTi ke dikhAI dete haiN| aisI sthiti meM prANapriyakAvya, jisameM ye kSepaka padyoM ke caraNa liye haiM, IsvI 12-13vIM zatAbdI meM bane hoM, kisI bhI hAlata meM sambhava nahIM / gambhIratArAdi padya mUlakartA kI racanA na hote hue prAya: 700 sAla bAda hI dAkhila kara diyA gayA hai / bhaTTAraka ekasandhi tamiLalanAr3a ke rahe hoMge / jinasaMhitA

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA . ke andara dI gaI sthApatya-viSayaka paraMparA pUrNatayA drAviDI paripATI kI hai / bahuta karake ve dakSiNa karNATaka-gaMgavADI-jaise pradeza meM ho gaye hoMge / jo kucha bhI ho, yaha padya itane bAda ke hone se mAlavalATa-vAgaDAdi pradezoM meM sthita anya uttara madhyakAlIna digambara bhaTTArakoM ke dhyAna meM nahIM AyA thA / inhIM meM se kisI na kisI ne kSatipUrtyartha apanI-apanI kalpanA ke anusAra cAra-cAra padyoM ko gar3ha diyA, jo Aja karIba cAra bhinna-bhinna gucchakoM ke rUpa meM pAe jAte haiM / itihAsamArtaMDa jyotiprasAdajI kA eka aura kathana bhI rahA ki "prApta [zvetAmbara] pratiyoM kI prAcInatA bhI kahIM bhI cha:, sAta sau varSa se adhika nahIM kevala tAr3apatra para hone se to prAcIna nahIM hotI / " bAta to ThIka hai: paraMtu jyotiprasAda jI ko pazcima bhArata meM isa anulakSa meM rahe ekAdha-do tathyoM ke sambandha meM mAlUmAta nahIM rahI / rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM muslima zAsana ho jAne ke pazcAt, vizeSakara IsvI 14vIM zatI pUrvArdha ke bAda, tAr3apatra kI jagaha kAgaz2a kA upayoga hone lagA thA / 15vIM zatAbdI meM to tAr3apatra kI pothiyA~ vahA~ kama hone lagatI hai / dUsarI ora tAr3apatra kI pothI kitanI purAnI hai usakA nirNaya tAr3apatra kA parimANa, akSaroM ke maror3a (shapes) aura paMktioM ke Ayojana kA DhaMga Adi tattvoM aura mitiyukta pothiyoM se ina tattvoM kI tulanA para AdhAra rakhatA hai / Akhira 6, 7 yA 8 sau sAla purAnI prati mila jAtI hI hai to isa tathya kI avagaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| isa sandarbha meM paM0 dhIrajalAla TokarasI zAha kI noMdha (note) hama yahA~ upasthita kareMge : "digambara sampradAya ke pAsa bhaktAmara kI itanI prAcIna koI prati ho aisA mAlUma nahIM huA hai / isa sambandha meM hamane aneka digambara paMDitoM ke sAtha patra-vyavahAra tathA parAmarza kiyA hai, para ve 48 zlokoM vAlI koI prAcIna prati kA pramANa nahIM de pAye5 / " vidvaziromaNi jyotiprasAda jI jisa "bhaktAmara zatadvayI' kA ullekha kara rahe haiM, usakI sampradAya evaM samaya-sthiti vastutayA kyA hai, vaha bhI dekha lenA upayukta hai / kApar3iyA jI kA kathana hai ki "yaha digambara paM0 lAlArAma zAstrI kI racanA hai / isake vilakSaNa dikhAI dete nAma se zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne ullekha kiyA hai / "56 isa AdhAra para zvetAmbaroM meM 48 padyoM kA pracAra pUrvakAla meM thA, kahane ke lie koI buniyAda nahIM banatI / eka bAta yaha bhI to hai ki nAhaTA jI ne jo kucha kahA hai, aitihAsika dRSTi se, na ki sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se / vidvadvizvavaMdya jyotiprasAda jI zAyada unakI bAta samajhe nahIM haiM / isake alAvA unhoMne bhaktAmarastotra ko donoM sampradAyoM ke bIca jor3ane vAlI kar3I ityAdi batAyA hai, jisa vidhAna kI yathArthatA nizcayatayA apraznIya hai, isase sabakI sammati hI ho sakatI hai| aba hama yahA~ isa viSaya para kaTAriyA jI dvArA kI gaI kucha vizeSa TippaNiyA~ sAvalokana peza kareMge, jise unhoMne apanI kitAba ke "pariziSTa' ke aMtima pRSTha para apanI "noTa" ke rUpa meM peza kiyA hai, yathA "viSvagvibho sumanasa: kila varSayanti nyag-bandhanA: sumanasa: kimutA''vahanti /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra satsaGgatAviha satAM jagatI samastA mAmodanAM vihasatAmudayena dhAmnA / / 1 / / dvedhA'pi dustaratamAzrama-vipraNAzA dudyatsahasrakara-maNDala-sambhrameNa / vakSe prabhorvapuSi kAJcana kAJcanAnAM proddhoddhataM bhavati kasya na mAnasAnAm / / 2 / / divyadhvanirdhvanitadigvalayastavA''rhan vyAkhyAtarutsukya tellazivAdhvanonAt / tattvA'rthadezanavidhau nanu sarvajantu rbhASA vizeSamadhuraH surasArtha ye hya / / 3 / / vizveka yatra bhaTamoha mahImahendra sadyo jigAya bhagavAn nigadaniveyam / santarpayana yugapade mava yAni paMsAM mandradhvanirnadati dundubhiruccakaiste / / 4 / / noTa- ye bhinna cAra atirikta zloka aura milate haiM / bhaktAmara stotra ke 32-33-34-35 zloka meM jina 4 prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai vahI inameM haiM, ye arthakI dRSTi se kAphI sadoSa haiM ata: kavikRta jJAta nahIM hote / isa prakAra ke 2-3 taraha ke zloka milane se kisI ne nirNayAbhAva meM sabako hI chor3a diyA ho (jisase 4 prAtihArya chUTa gaye) aura eka bAra yaha paraMparA cala par3I to phira zvetAmbara samAja meM rUr3ha hI ho gaI jo Aja zvetAmbara samAja ke 32 se 35 taka ke cAra zloka na mAnane kA kAraNa pratIta hotI hai / kaTAriyA jI ne jo ye cAra vizeSa padya upasthita kie haiM ve mukhyata: vahI haiM jo sArAbhAI navAba dvArA prastuta kiye gaye the / donoM ke bIca kahIM-kahIM pAThAMtara hai, jo inhIM padyoM kI dUsarI vAcanA ke antargata karIba mila jAtA hai / unakA avalokana hai ki "isa prakAra do-tIna taraha ke zloka milane se kisI ne nirNayAbhAva meM sabako hI chor3a diyA ho jisase cAra prAtihArya chUTa gaye aura eka bAra yaha paramparA cala par3I to phira zvetAmbara samAja meM rUr3ha hI ho gaI jo Aja zvetAmbara samAja ke 32 se 35 taka cAra zloka na mAnane kA kAraNa pratIta hotI hai:" lekina isase sahamata honA muzkila hai / bhaktAmara ke aneka zvetAmbara vRttikAroM meM se z2arUra kisI na kisI ne atirikta padyoM vAlI ghaTanA kA ullekha to kiyA hI hotA / Upara hama vyApaka rUpa se, samagra samasyA ko usakI akhilAI meM dekha Ae haiM, aura usako yahA~ doharAnA anAvazyaka hai / ye sabhI gucchaka jAlI to haiM hI, taduparAMta kAfI pazcAtkAlIna bhI haiM / mUla bhaktAmarastotra ke saMga kisI kA mela hai hI nahIM; isIlie "kisI" ne kucha nahIM chor3A hai / hA~, aneka digambara kartAoM ne apanI ora se, apanI mati-zakti-gati ke

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA anusAra, mUla meM kSati mAnakara usakI pUrtyartha naye cAra padya jarUra banA diye the, jisake phalasvarUpa yaha z2abaradasta ulajhana paidA huI hai aura vaha bahasa itanI gairasamajhana ( misunderstanding) kA kAraNa bana gaI hai / isIlie to hameM samagra pahaluoM ko lekara itanI lambI carcA meM utaranA par3A hai / kaTAriyA jI yaha nahIM batA pAye haiM ki gucchaka kyoM bana gayA, kisane banA diyA aura yaha cApa chor3anevAle "kisI " kauna the / inhIM cAra atirikta padyoM ke vividha gucchakoM ko dekhakara mUla 48 kA 44 padya banA dene vAle yadi zvetAmbara rahe to Azcarya hai ki vizeSa gucchaka zvetAmbaroM ke bajAya digambaroM ke yahA~ hI ve saba saMrakSita kyoM haiM ? savAla yaha bhI to uThatA hai ki jaba 48 padyayukta racanA maulika hI thI to digambara sampradAya ke dAyare meM aura gucchaka ke bana jAne kA maukA hI kahA~ rahatA thA ? yadi mAnA jAya ki zvetAmbaroM kI 44 padya vAlI pratiyoM ko dekhakara ye saba gucchaka bana gaye to savAla uThatA hai ki ye saba kaba bane the ? pahale 48 padya rahe hI the, phira kisI bhI kAraNavaza 'kisI ' ne cAra padya haTAkara 44 banA diyA, jise dekhakara zvetAmbaroM meM yaha 44 padya vAlI prathA cala par3I / phira isase paidA huI vicitra paristhiti se chuTakArA pAne ke lie, aisI pratiyA~ dekha kara, naye gucchaka banA diye gaye; yaha saba kisa prakAra kA tArkika silasilA hai, samajha meM nahIM AtA ! hameM to lagatA hai ki yaha saba bhrAnticakra hI hai; isase satya ghaTanA kA sphoTa nahIM hotaa| asala meM digambaroM ke sAmane bhI madhyayuga taka 44 padyoM vAlI hI racanA thI / isameM cAra prAtihAryoM kI anupasthiti mAnakara usako pUrNa karane kI ceSTA vahA~ alaga-alaga samaya meM bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA jude-jude sthAnoM meM kI gaI / yaha bAta itanI sAfa hai ki isakA spaSTa svIkAra aura nirdeza karane ke bajAya kaI aura dizAoM meM vidvAn ghUma rahe haiM aura mUla mudde ko ghumAte rahe haiM / 53 eka aura bhI bAta vicAraNIya hai / digambara prabhAcandrAcArya ne bhaktAmara ke jisa pATha para apanI TIkA kI hai usameM 44 padya haiM yA 48 ? yadi 48 ho to kyA vizeSa 4 padya gambhIra tAra se zurU honevAlA gucchaka thA ? yaha muddA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai; lekina paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI, zrIman kaTArIyA aura vidyAvAridhi jyotiprasAda jaina ne, kisI bhI kAraNavaza isakI carcA to nahIM kI, sAtha hI kIsI taraha kA parokSa nirdeza bhI nahI diyA ! (DA0 kApaDiyA ne isa sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA vaha isa lie ki unake dekhane meM sandarbhagata mUla TIkA Aya hI nahI thI / hamane bhI isa bAre meM kucha talAza kI thI, para koI bhI mitra patA nahIM de pAyA / vaha TIkA pUre stotra para thI yA nahI isakA patA pahale laga jAnA Avazyaka haiM / ) munirAja darzanavijaya jI kA isa viSaya meM kyA kathana rahA, vaha aba dekhanA cAheMge / ApakA vizvAsa thA ki "ina saba stotroM ko par3hakara koI bhI vidvAn Apake ( mAnatuMga ke) zvetAmbara hone kA dAvA kara sakatA hai / isake lie lokaprasiddha bhaktAmara stotra ke katipaya zlokoM ke nimnokta tathya vicAraNIya kAvya 25 meM devoM ke nAma se tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI tArIpha kI hai / isameM aupacArika upamA hai / digambara sampradAya meM bAhya upacAra iSTa nahIM hai / kAvya 29 meM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ko siMhAsana meM

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra rahe hue batalAe haiM (kalyANamandirastotra kAvya 23 meM bhI yahI nirdeza hai) digambara samAja bhagavAna ko siMhAsana se bhinna Upara rahe hue mAnatA hai, jabaki isa kAvya meM prabhu aura siMhAsana kA sambandha batAyA gayA hai / kAvya 28, 29, 30, 31 meM prabhu kI devakRta vibhUtiyoM - azokavRkSa, siMhAsana, chatra aura cAmara kA varNana hai / tIrthaMkara kI stuti meM isa nikaTavartI vibhUti kA varNana iSTa mAnA gayA hai / zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke Upara zeSanAga kI phaNA kI jAtI hai, vaha bhI nijI vibhUti hai / jaise ina vibhUtiyoM ke hone para bhI tIrthaMkara vItarAga hai, vaise hI abhiSeka, puSpamAlA, AMgIracanA, rakSArohaNa aura karor3oM rupaye ke mandira vagairaha vibhUti ke hone para bhI vItarAga, vItarAga hI hai / digambara sampradAya ina bAtoM se sahamata nahIM hai / 54 isa stotra meM vastuta: mahimAdarzaka dUravartI vibhUti jaise - puSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, bhAmaNDala aura dundubhi kA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / usa varNana kA abhAva aura nikaTavartI vibhUti ke sadbhAva se " aMgapUjA" kA pakSa sapramANa ho jAtA hai / yaha digambara vidvAnoM ko khaTakA aura unhoMne naye 4 kAvya banAkara isa stotra meM jor3a diye / asala meM bhaktAmara stotra ke 44 kAvya haiM, vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke bhaktAmara vRttikAra ne 44 kAvya kI vRtti kI hai / aura Aja bhI zvetAmbara samAja 44 kAvya ko pramANa mAnatA hai parantu digambara samAja 48 kAvyoM ko mAnatA hai / kAvya 29 meM prabhu ke bhUmi para caraNasthApana aura devakRta kamalaracanA kA varNana hai / digambara samAja yojana pramANa ucca kamaloM para prabhu kA vihAra mAnatA hai / kAvya 33 meM nikaTavartI vibhUtiyoM kI tArIfa hai / digambara samAja nikaTavartI vibhUtimahimAdarzaka kriyA--aMgapUjA ko vItarAga kA dUSaNarUpa mAnatA hai / kAvya 34 meM bhayabhedakatva varNita kiyA hai / kAvya 44 meM mAlA dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza hai| digambara samAja isase bhI etarAz2a karatA I ina saba kAvyoM se AcArya mAnatuMgasUri kA zvetAmbara honA siddha hotA hai / digambara samAja Apa ke bhaktAmara stotra para mugdha hokara use zAstra kI zreNI meM dAkhila karake Apako digambara AcArya mAna letA hai / digambara AcAryoM ne ApakI jIvanI ko svIkArA hai, sirpha unameM se Apake gaccha, guru, ziSya aura dUsarI grantha-racanA ko ur3A diyA hai / mahApuruSa ke acche grantha ko apanAnA nyAya hai kintu unake Upara apane sampradAya kI mohara chApa lagA denA to kisI taraha ucita nahIM hai / I sArAMza yaha ki - "A0 mAnatuMgasUri zvetAmbara AcArya haiM aura Apako tathA Apake bhaktAmara stotra ko digambara sampradAya ne svIkArA hai" / " munijI kI, stotra ko zvetAmbara ThaharAne kI prAya: eka-eka dalIla kA digambara vidvAn AsAnI se khaMDana kara sakate haiM / 1) digambara sampradAya tIrthaMkaroM kI iSTadevoM ke nAma se arthAt " bAhyopacAra upamA" kA sahArA

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA lekara mahimA rUpa prazaMsA nahIM kara sakate, vahA~ vaha iSTa nahIM hai, aisA nahIM hai / pUjyapAda devanandI ne samAdhizataka meM aisI upamA kA Azraya lekara, dUsare artha meM jina ko dhAtA Adi saba abhidhAna ghaTita kiyA hai, jisa para yahA~ Age anya sandarbha meM soddharaNa vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 2) digambara sampradAya meM tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kA siMhAsana se sambandha na ho aisA vahA~ tiloyapaNNattI Adi zAstroM meM, yA prAcIna caritoM meM to spaSTa nahIM hai / 3) digambara mata meM bhI aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kI kalpanA hai hI jisase azokavRkSa, siMhAsana, chatra aura cAmara jaisI nikaTavartI vibhUti kA vahA~ sadbhAva iSTa nahIM thA, aisA kaise kaha sakate haiM ? siMhAsana, chatratraya, cAmaradhara, bhAmaMDalAdi yukta aneka purAnI digambara jina pratimAeM maujUda haiM / 4) ina cAra vibhUtiyoM ko abhiSeka, puSpamAla, AMgIracanA, rakSArohaNa ityAdi se tulanA karake, pichalI ina saba kriyAoM ko bhI vibhUti manavA ke, eka saMga rakha denA aprAsaMgika hai / vItarAga jinezvara ko donoM sampradAya acela hI mAnate haiM / kama se kama IsvI paMcama zatI paryanta to uttara kI nirgrantha paramparA meM bhI jina kI pratimAe~ nirvastra hI banatI thIM, yaha bAta mathurA evaM ahicchatrAdi se milI sAbhilekha kuSANa evaM guptakAlIna pratimAoM se spaSTa hai / tIrthaMkara jaba samavasaraNa meM dezanA dete the, vahA~ unake zira para mukuTa, bAjubandha sameta mugalAi jariyAna jAmA, gale meM hArAdi aura kaTimekhalA Adi bhI A jAte the, aisA zvetAmbara AgamoM meM to kyA, Agama kI vyAkhyAoM aura purAne kathA-sAhitya meM bhI kahIM nahIM hai / yadi koI vidyamAna (sAkSAt) tIrthaMkara para 'abhiSeka karane jAya aura una para alaMkAra car3hAne kI bhaktipUrvaka bhI ceSTA kare to usako to upasarga-pravRtti hI mAnA jAyegA / kisIne, devatAoM ne bhI, aisA kiyA ho aisA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / pratimA para cAhe so car3hAo, vaha kahA~ manA karatI hai ! isako 'vibhUtiyA~' manavAnA ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / zvetAmbara paraMparA meM jinapratimA ke alaMkAroM Adi se zrRMgArita karane kI bAta to candragaccha (bAda meM rAjagaccha) ke abhayadevasUri kI siddhasena divAkara viracita sanmatiprakaraNa kI vRtti (prAya: IsvI 10vIM zatI uttarArdha) ke antargata AtI hai, isake pahale vahA~ kahIM bhI usakA ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA / hA~, pratimA dhotI sahita dikhAne kI prathA lATa deza meM, vizeSakara caityavAsI zvetAmbaroM dvArA, prAya: paMcama zatI anta se zurU ho gaI thI aisA AkoTA--prAcIna aMkoTaka se prApta AdinAtha kI pItala kI bar3I pratimA se siddha ho cukA hai / jina-bimboM kI aisI prastuti ke pIche apane sampradAya aura boTika (uttara ke acela-kSapaNaka) sampradAya kI jina-pratimAoM se pRthak karane kA Azaya rahA ho ! lekina pratimAoM ko, vizeSakara khaDgAsana pratimAoM ko, hAra aura kaTimekhalA se vibhUSita dikhAne kI zvetAmbarIya prathA madhyakAla se prAcIna nahIM / yaha saba dekhakara bhaktAmara meM samIpavartI cAra vibhUtiyoM ke hI varNana se zvetAmbarIya 'aMgapUjA' kA pakSa kaise sabala ho jAtA hai, samajha meM AnA muzkila hai / yoM to digambara sampradAya meM bhI siMhAsana, chatra, bhAmaNDala, cAmarAdi vibhUtiyoM se yukta aneka prAcIna jina-pratimAe~ upalabdha haiM; lekina vItarAga kI abhiSekAdi aMgapUjA, vastrAlaMkAra kI sajAvaTa jaisI sarAgabhakti vahA~ sahaja hI nahIM thI / vItarAgatA aura padmAsanastha-samAdhistha mudrA se yaha bAta susaMgata na hone se iSTa nahIM mAnI jA sakatI

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56 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra aura na hI yaha pakSa bhaktAmarastotra se samarthita hotA hai / 5) aba rahI kamala-racanA kI bAta; kAvya 29 (vAstava meM 33, digambara anusAra 37) meM devoM dvArA kamala ke race jAne kI varNanA avazya dI gaI hai / para vahA~ bhUmi para caraNasthApanA kI bAta spaSTa yA pratyakSa rUpa se nahIM kahI gaI hai / sambandhakartA padyAMza isa prakAra hai padau padAni tava yatra jinendra ! dhattaH / padmAni tatra vibudhAH parikalpayanti / / isakA artha hai "(bhagavan !) Apake caraNa jahA~ par3ate haiM, vahA~ devoM ke dvArA kamala kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai / " digambara sampradAya meM "yojana pramANa ucca kamaloM para prabhu kA vihAra" kI mAnyatA hogI to vaha bAda kI mAlUma par3atI hai / vahA~ bhagavAna kA AkAza meM vihAra aura usa samaya sahasradalakamala ke pade-pade prAkaTya kI kalpanA hai / (hamane isa sambandha meM vizeSa carcA yahA~ mAnatuMga ke sampradAya se sambaddha aSTama adhyAya meM kI hai / ) 6) kAvya 33 (digambara 37) meM to sAmAnya rUpa se jinendra se sambaddha vibhUtiyoM kI tArIfa hai / vahA~ kahIM bhI nikaTavartI vibhUtiyA~-aMgapUjA-kI bAta hI nahIM hai / muni jI kyoM bAra-bAra aMgapUjA ko apekSita mAnate the, samajha meM nahIM AtA / 7) kAvya 34 (digambara 38) meM hI nahIM, bAda ke sAta kAvyoM meM bhI jo kahA hai vaha saba milakara kula aSTa-mahAbhaya nivAraNa kI bAta ko lekara jinendra ke nAma saMkIrtana ke phalasvarUpa, kevala mahimAvarNana hI kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI muni jI kI bAta meM kucha hada taka tathya hai / isase sambaddha vizeSa vicAra hamane yahA~ Age kiyA hai| 8) muni jI kA kathana hai ki kAvya 44 (digambara 48) meM "mAlA dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza hai aura digambara samAja isase bhI etarAja karatA hai" par3hakara bar3A Azcarya hotA hai / vaha padya isa prakAra hai| stotramrajaM tava jinendra guNairnibaddhAM ! __ bhaktyA mayA ruciravarNavicitrapuSpAm / dhatte jano ya iha kaNTha gatAmajasraM taM mAnatuGgamavazA samupaiti lakSmIH / / "he jinendra ! mere dvArA (Apake) guNoM ko nibaddha karane vAlA bhaktipUrvaka racA gayA (isa) stotra ko pATha karane vAle samunnata puruSa ko kaNTha meM sundara raMgIna puSpa (mAlA) dhAraNa kI zobhA prApta hotI hai / " yahA~ kahIM bhI tIrthaMkara ko to mAlA dhAraNa karAne kI bAta parokSa rUpa se bhI abhipreta nahIM hai / to digambara ko isase etarAz2a kyoM ho sakatA hai ? kevala muni jI hI nahIM, jitane zvetAmbara lekhaka stotra meM prAtihArya sannihita mAnakara cale haiM, saba galatafahamI meM rahe haiM aura adAlata ke kaThaghare meM khar3e mujarima kI taraha javAba ke rUpa meM citra-vicitra, apratItikara khulAsA karate rahe haiM / (kucha aisI hI

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA yuktiyA~ munivara nyAyavijaya jIne kalyANamandirastotra ko zvetAmbara ThaharAne ke lie dI thI.9 / ) Akhira meM eka choTA sA muddA bhI spaSTa kara denA cAhie / muni jI dvArA ullikhita 12vIM zatI kI koI bhaktAmara vRtti aba taka to kahI se bhI nahIM milI hai / bhaktAmara se sambaddha huI carcAoM meM jo zeSa bAteM dekhane meM AtI haiM isakA byorA aba yahA~ deMge, aura inake niSkarSa kahA~ taka samIcIna haiM, parIkSA kareMge / DA0 rudradeva tripAThI ke kathana se carcAraMbha kreNge| "digambara-sampradAya meM pracalita 48 padyoM aura zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM pracalita 44 padyoM kI mImAMsA 'bhaktAmara-rahasya' grantha meM zrI dhIrajalAla bhAI ne tathA bhaktAmara-kalyANamandira-namiuNa-stotra prathama kI bhUmikA meM zrI hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA ne paryApta UhApohapUrvaka kI hai / tatsambandhita eka choTA sA lekha AgamoddhAraka AcArya zrI sAgarAnaMdasUri jI ne bhI likhA hai aura isameM 44 padyoM ke hone kI puSTi kI hai / isa viSaya meM mujhe bhI kucha mAhitI (Information) prApta karane kI ruci huI / isa bAre meM purAnI hastapratiyA~ dekhate samaya eka prati meM 'bhaktAmarasya catvAri guptagAthA:' milI aura isakI prayoga vidhi bhI mila gaI / parantu vaha azuddhaprAya: hai / catvAri ke sthAna para vahA~ 'catasraH' honA cAhie / ye cAra padya isa prakAra haiM - ye: saMstuve guNabhRtAM sumano vibhAti (1), itthaM jinezvara: sukIrtayatAM janau te (2), nAnAvidhaM prabhuguNaM guNaratnaguNyA (3), aura karNo'stu tena na bhavAnabhavatyadhIrAH (4) / ye padya digambarAnusArI 48 padyoM meM Aye hue (gambhIratArAdi) padyoM kI apekSA jude haiM, isalie kadAcit ye cAra padya gupta ho sakate haiM, lekina ina zlokoM ke sAdhanArtha jo vidhAna unake sAtha likhA huA hai, isameM zveta-yajJopavIta kaMTha meM dhAraNa karane aura rAtri meM havana karane ke lie likhA gayA hai, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke viruddha hai / phira bhI pAlitANA ke zrI jinakRpAcaMdra sUri bhaMDAra dvArA chApI gayI bhaktAmara-stotra kI bhUmikA meM zrI jinavijayasAgara jI ne likhA hai ki-"jinezvarANAmaSTau....iti vRddhasampradAya:' arthAt jinezvara ke aSTa-prAtihAryoM meM se 4 prAtihAryoM ke padyoM ko inakI mahAprabhAvazAlitA ke kAraNa, lAbhAlAbha para vicAra karake, dIrghadarzI pUrvAcAryoM ne bhaMDAroM meM gupta kara diyA hai; saMprati durlabha hai aura yadi prayAsa dvArA mila bhI jAya to bhI isakA upayoga karanA nahIM / aura isakI puSTi meM batAyA hai ki-bhaktAmara stotra ke ina cAra padyoM kI taraha hI uvasaggahara stotra kI eka gAthA, jayatihuyaNa stotra kI do gAthAe~, ajitazAntistotra kI 2 gAthAe~ aura namiuNastotra kI sphuliMga sambandhI do gAthAe~ bhI pUrvAcAryoM ne kAraNavaza bhaMDAragata kI haiM / isalie yaha viSaya saMzayAspada hI hai / " ina muddoM para hamAre vicAra isa prakAra hai / DA0 tripAThI ne jina cAra atirikta padyoM kA jikra

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra kiyA hai, isa para pIche gaveSaNA kucha hada taka ho cukI hai / isameM koI saMdeha nahIM, isake kartA koI pazcAtkAlIna digambara vidvAn hI haiM / cAra zeSa prAtihAryoM se sambaddha padyoM ko maMtramaya hone ke kAraNa gAyaba kara diyA gayA hai, aisI kiMvadantiyA~ anapar3ha-kamapar3ha bhAvuka nara-nArI, zraddhAlu vyApArI, mantra-tantra meM AsthA rakhane vAle evaM nirgrantha siddhAnta meM usakI visaMgati na dekha pAne vAloM ke lie ThIka ho sakatI hai; arhatpravacana para aTala zraddhA, AtmA kI svAdhInatA aura zakti para vizvAsa rakhane vAle mokSArthI munijana evaM upAsakoM ke lie to nihAyata nikammA hI ho sakatI hai / bhaktAmara ke pariprekSya meM aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM ke krama ko lekara jo kucha vicAra zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai, usa para kucha UhApoha yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai / prA0 kApar3iyA ne yahA~ apane grantha kI saMskRta bhUmikA meM isa prakAra likhA hai / "yadi samastAnAM prAtihAryANAM varNanamabhISTamabhaviSyat stotrakartRNAM tarhi kiM cAmara-varNasthAne Asana varNanAtmakaM padyaM te vyaracayiSyam ? digambara sUcitAdhika padyasvIkAre tu vyatikramo vizeSato darIdRzyate, yataH tadA ca kramo yathA- (1) azokavRkSaH, (2) siMhAsanam, (3) cAmaram, (4) chatram, (5) dundubhiH, (6) puSpavRSTiH, (7) bhAmaNDala, (8) divyadhvani:61 / " aura phira vahA~ apanI gujarAtI "prastAvanA" meM Apa likhate haiM : "vizeSakara yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna meM lene lAyaka hakIkata hai ki ina cAra prAtihAryoM kA varNana siMhAsana ke varNana ke bAda kramapUrvaka nahIM hai, kyoMki kramAnusAra to cAmara kA varNana siMhAsana ke varNana ke bAda AnA cAhie / isase viparIta kiyA jAya to vyatikrama ho jAne kA vizeSa avakAza dikhAI detA hai, kyoMki isameM nimnAnusAra prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai : (1) azokavRkSa, (2) siMhAsana, (3) cAmara, (4) chatra, (5) dundubhi, (6) puSpavRSTi, (7) bhAmaNDala, aura (8) divyadhvani / isase yaha savAla khar3A ho jAtA hai ki jina kavirAja ko AThoM hI prAtihAryoM kA varNana karanA ho ve kramaza: na karate hue jo ThIka lage, aisI rIti se kyoM kiye ?62'" paM0 dhIrajalAla zAha kA kucha aisA hI kahanA hai / "bhaktAmarastotra meM azokavRkSa, Asana, cAmara tathA chatra kA varNana kiyA huA hai, aura zeSa prAtihAryoM kA varNana nahIM kiyA hai, isase rasa meM kSati nahIM AtI hai / kavijana sarvadA krama kA hI anusaraNa kareM, aisA nahIM hotA hai / unake mana meM jo bhavya evaM udAtta kalpanAe~ uThakara AtI haiM use ve vANI meM ubhArate calate haiM aura isa meM hI usakI zobhA banatI hai / yadi krama kI bAta kareM to ina cAra padyoM meM bhI isakA mUla krama nahIM hai, kAraNa ki isakA mUlakrama to nimna zlokoM se sUcita hotA hai; vaha isa prakAra se hai : azokavRkSaH surapuSpavRSTirdivyadhvanizAmaramAsanaM ca / bhAmaNDalaM dundubhirAtapatraM satprAtihAryANi jinezvarANAm / / isa krama-pramANa se to prathama cAmara kA aura bAda Asana kA varNana karanA apekSita thA, para hamAre Upara kahe gaye hisAba se vaha kavi-kalpanA para nirbhara hai63 / "

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke isa khulAse para hameM to koI yakIna nahIM hotA hai / aSTa-prAtihAryoM vAlI tAlikA kramAMka 6 meM hamane koSThaka meM pratyeka srota ke bhItara sambandhakartA prAtihArya kisa kramAMka para AtA hai, batA diyA hai / vaha dekhate hue spaSTa hai ki vahA~ 'krama' se to koI sambandha hai hI nahIM / eka hI padya meM prAtihAryoM ko batA dene vAle srotoM meM to kartA ko chanda meM mAtrA-mela aura gaNAdi kA khyAla karanA par3A hai aura gadya vA daNDakaprAya: zailI meM likhane vAloM meM kucha hada taka vibhUtiyoM kA AvirbhAva kisa krama meM honA svAbhAvika dikhAI detA hai, isa hisAba se likhA hai / dezanA ke samaya sabase pahale vyaMtara devoM dvArA caityavRkSa kA sarjana hotA hai; tatpazcAt siMhAsana, yakSa-yugma dvArA dhAraNa kiyA huA cAmara, aura chatra prakaTa hotA hai / tIrthaMkara ke Asanastha hote hI bhAmaNDala kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai, dundubhinAda aura kusumavRSTi kA AraMbha ho jAtA hai aura divyadhvani sunAI par3atI hai / mAnatuMgAcArya kI varNanA meM prathama azokavRkSa tatpazcAt siMhAsana, cAmara aura chatratraya liyA gayA hai jo svAbhAvika krama meM hI hai / para isake atirikta prAtihArya rUpa meM mAnI jAne vAlI vibhUtiyA~ kavi kI kalpanA meM nahIM thI / jo ve kaha gaye, vaha cAra hI unako abhISTa rahe evaM unake lie paryApta the, jaisA ki AvazyakaniyuktikAra, vasudevacaritakAra, AvazyakacUrNikAra, caupannamahApurisacariyakAra Adi ko / dUsare zabdoM meM ve atizaya ke vibhAva ko lakSya karake cale haiM, aSTa-prAtihAryoM se unake kathana kA sambandha hai hI nahIM / phira bhI yadi yahA~ aSTa-prAtihArya abhipreya the, aisA balAtkArapUrvaka kahanA hI hai to hama aura Age bar3hakara kaheMge ki digambara mAnya 34 atizayoM kA varNana karane ke lie 34 vizeSa padya, aura kyoMki kavi samavasaraNa kA varNana karanA hI bhUla gaye haiM (divya samavasaraNa ke binA aSTa-mahAprAtihAryoM kA udbhava kaise ? sArthakatA kaisI ?) isalie 18 padyoM meM vaha viSaya nibaddha karake stotra ko zataka hI kyoM na banA diyA jAya ? koI Apatti nahIM ! balki stotra taba hI kRtsnarUpeNa banegA aura rAba hI pUrNatayA "nirdoSa" bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / (Aja bhI saMskRta meM padya raca sakane vAle paMDitoM kI kamI nahIM hai / ) pIche hama dekha Aye hai ki DA0 rudradeva tripAThI ne apanI prastAvanA meM sUrivara sAgarAnanda jI dvArA bhaktAmara kI padya saMkhyA ke viSaya meM huI carcA kA ullekha kiyA thA, kintu vaha kahA~ kI gaI thI, koI sandarbha nahIM diyA / bahuta khoja ke bAda usakA patA mila jAne se yahA~ vaha anuvAda-rUpeNa prastuta karake sUrIzvara kI dI gaI yuktiyoM para Age vicAra kiyA jAyegA / sUrijI dvArA kI gaI mUlagata carcA praznottarI ke rUpa meM hai / "prazna 738- bhaktAmara stotra meM 48 kAvya hone kA kucha loga kahate haiM, jaba ki kucha kahate haiM ki asala meM hI 44 kAvya haiM, taba ina donoM meM se kyA mAnA jAya ? samAdhAna - bhaktAmara stotra se kalyANamandira stotra prAcIna hai, yaha bAta sarvamAnya hai / kalyANamandira ke kAvya 44 haiM, usameM kisI kA matabheda nahIM hai, taba kalyANamandira ke anukaraNa se bAda meM kiye gaye bhaktAmara stotra meM bhI 44 kAvya hoM, yaha jyAdA saMbhAvita hai / jo loga 48 kAvya mAnate haiM ve bhI 28veM meM azokavRkSa, 29veM meM siMhAsana, 30veM meM cAmara tathA 31veM meM chatra mAnakara

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 32veM meM kamaloM kA sthApita honA mAnate haiM; arthAt yadi inheM prAtihArya lenA hotA to 27veM kAvya meM azokavRkSa kA varNana kiye jAne ke bAda surapuSpavRSTi aura divyadhvani nAma ke prAtihArya kA varNana karanA chor3a nahIM dete / cAmara kA varNana karane ke pazcAt bhAmaNDala aura dundubhi ke prAtihArya chor3akara chatra nAmaka prAtihArya, jo AkhirI prAtihArya ke rUpa meM hai, usakA varNana nahIM karate; itanA hI nahIM, dezanA dene ke lie padhArate samaya zrI jinezvaradeva ke caraNa-kamala ke nIce devatA jina padyoM kI sthApanA karate haiM, usakA varNana vaha prAtihArya na hone se, prAtihArya ke vibhAga meM nahIM karate, kyoMki prAtihArya kI saMkhyA tathA krama isa prakAra hai : azokavRkSaH surapuSpavRSTi-divyadhvanizzAmaramAsanaM ca / bhAmaNDalaM dundubhirAtapatraM, satprAtihAryANi jinezvarANAm / / isase spaSTatayA samajha meM A jAyegA ki bhaktAmara meM kiyA gayA varNana kevala prAtihAryoM kA nahIM hai; evaM prAtihAryoM kA varNana karanA cAhA thA aura cAra prAtihAryoM kA hI varNana upalabdha stotra meM dikhAI detA hai, isalie raha jAne vAle cAra prAtihAryoM ke varNana vAle kAvya lupta haiM yA kisI ne chipA diyA hai, aisA mAnanA asaMgata hai / prathama to ATha ke varNana meM cAra hI rahA aura zeSa kA varNana lupta ho gayA yA chipA diyA gayA thA aisA mAnanA vicakSaNoM ko grAhya ho sake aisA nahIM hai [:] isalie zrI mAnatuMgasUri ne cAra prAtihArya aura kamala sthApanA kA varNana dharmopadeza kI jagat ke jIvoM ko spRhA karane yogya samRddhi kI sattA darzAne ke lie kiyA hai aura isalie 33veM kAvya meM ve azokAdika kA varNana karane ke bAda upasaMhAra meM 'itthaM yathA tava vibhUti:' aisA kahakara vibhUti vAle prAtihAryoM evaM sUryaprabhA ke antara kA viSaya lene se prabhA arthAt kAntimAna vastuoM kA [.] kAnti kI atizayatA ke varNana se pUrva [,] kiyA gayA hai aisA spaSTa rUpa se dhvani karate haiM / surapuSpavRSTi vagairaha prabhA arthAt kAnti ke atizayavAlI vastu [ke rUpa meM] na ginAye vaha spaSTa hI hai / bhAmaMDala meM rahI huI kAnti [] saMsAra meM vibhUti rUpa mAne jAne vAle padArthoM se milatI huI na hone se athavA zrI jinezvara mahArAja ke zarIra ke teja kA usameM pratibimbatva hone se vaha bhAmaMDala kI svayaM vibhUti rUpa meM manAnevAlA kAntimAn [prAtihAryoM] meM gaNanA na karake azokAdika kAntimAnoM kI gaNanA kI gaI ho aisA 33vA~ kAvya se bhI spaSTa hotA hai [;] arthAt bhaktAmara stotra ke 44 kAvya asala se haiM, aisA mAnanA zreyaskara hai| tadatirikta vibhUti ke varNana meM upasaMhAra vAle kAvya meM yadi ATha prAtihAryoM kA varNana hotA to prAtihAryoM ke rUpa meM hI isakA upasaMhAra honA cAhie thA aura isalie yadi 'satprAtihArya nicayastavayAdRgasti' aisA kucha Adya padyavAlA kAvya hotA, jo nahIM hai isalie bhI kucha hI prAtihAryarUpa vibhati ke varNana vAle kAvyoM se yukta cavAlIsa kAvyoM kA hI bhaktAmarastotra hotA, aisA mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai / " AgamoddhAraka sUrivara sAgarAnandajI kI dI gaI koI-koI yuktiyA~ pratItijanaka haiM, para adhikatara tathya-sammata nahIM dikhAI detIM / sUripravara kI kahIM-kahIM ati pralambita, pecIlI evaM ghumAvadAra, purAne DhaMga kI, kucha hada taka jaina muni-sahaja gujarAtI vAkya-racanA ko hindI meM saralatApUrvaka rakhanA muzkila

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA to hai hI para gujarAtI bhASA jAnane vAle ke lie bhI to vaha ekadama AsAna nahIM hai / aba hama apanA avalokana peza kareMge / 1) kalyANamandirastotra bhaktAmarastotra se prAcIna hai aisI mAnyatA sabhI kI nahIM hai, na hI vaha hai tathyapUrNa ! (digambara vidvAn aisA nahIM mAnate, aura hama bhI nahIM mAnate5 / ) kalyANamandirastotra digambarAcArya kumudacandra kI, IsvI 12vIM zatI ke prathama caraNa meM kI huI racanA hai; jabaki bhaktAmarastotra isase kama se kama pA~ca sau sAla purAnI racanA hai| isase yadi anukaraNa huA hai to vaha bhaktAmarastotra kA kalyANamandirastotra kI racanA meM, na ki isase viparIta / 2) hama pichale pRSThoM meM dekha cuke haiM ki prAtihAryoM ke varNana meM koI nizcita krama nahIM hai66| jahA~ eka hI padya meM sabhI prAtihAryoM ke liye diye gaye padya krama chanda ke antargata Ane vAle mAtrAgaNAdi ko dhyAna meM lete hue, anukUlatA ke anusAra, padyanibandhana meM kalAtmakatA-rasAtmakatA ko dhyAna meM lete hue, rakhA jAtA hai aura jahA~ eka-eka prAtihArya ke lie pRthak-pRthak kAvya diyA gayA hai, vahA~ bhI krama meM samAnatA nahIM hai / jo padya sUrIzvara ne uTTaMkita kiyA hai, vaha hama pIche prArambha kI gaI carcA meM usake mUla srota ke nirdeza sameta dekha Aye haiM / yaha koI prAtihAryoM ke krama ke lie nizcita dhoraNa (standard) ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / na vaha digambara sAhitya meM mila pAtA hai / hama yahA~ cAra digambarakRta bhinna-bhinna stotroM meM se jo padya peza kareMge jisase isa tathya kI aura bhI puSTi ho jaayegii| pahalA padya zAntijina kI stuti ke antargata hai / isakI TIkA prabhAcandra ne kI hai, isalie vaha 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA honI cAhie / divyataruH surapuSpavRSTiH dundubhirAsanayojana ghoSau / AtapavAraNa cAmara yugme yasya vibhAti ca maMDalatejaH / / 11 / / kavi bhUpAla cakravartI ke caturvizatikA-stotra (prAya: 10-11vIM zatAbdI) kA bhI padyAMza yahA~ peza kareMge: deva: zvetAtapatratrayamariruhAzokabhAzakrabhASA / puSpaudhAsArasiMhAsana paTaharaiSTabhiH prAtihAryaH / / tIsarA hai viSNusena kA samavazaraNastotra, jo madhyakAlIna lagatA hai / yahA~ krama isa rUpa meM milatA hai: chatratrayasiMhAsanasuraduMdubhipuSpavRSTibhASAzokAH / bhAvalayacAmarANItyaSTamahAprAtihAryavibhavasametaH / / 28 / /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra aura cauthA hai koI anAmI kartA kA madhyakAlIna jinendranamaskAra: bhASAprabhAvalayaviSTarapuSpavRSTiH __ piNDidrubhastridazadundubhicAmarANi / chatratrayena sahitAni lasanti yasya tasmai nabhastribhuvana prabhave jinAya / / 6 / / itanA hI nahIM, kalyANamandira-stotra, jo ubhaya sampradAya meM samAna rUpa se sammAnita-pracalita hai, vahA~ bhI yahI hAlata hai, jo tAlikA kamrAMka 6 meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha dekhate hue sUrisamrAT kI dalIloM kA artha nahIM rahatA / 3) bhaktAmara kI padya saMkhyA 48 nahIM 44 hai, aise sUrijI ke maMtavya se alabattA hama sahamata haiM, lekina vaha alaga hI kAraNoM se, jisa viSaya meM pichale pRSThoM meM lambI carcA ho cukI haiM / TippaNiyA~ :1. Jacobi, "Foreword," bhaktAmara0, sUrata 1932, p. II. 2. "prastAvanA," sa0-bha0-20, pR0 30-31. 3. ina vidvAnoM meM eka to zAyada jyotiprasAda jaina the aisA smaraNa hai / durbhAgyavaza isase sambaddha hamArI 'noTa' gAyaba ho jAne se yahA~ sandarbha nahIM de pAyeM / apavAdarUpeNa eka uttara madhyakAlIna dAkhalA jarUra milatA hai, lekina usakA vartamAna sandarbha meM koI upayuktatA nahIM hai / (carcA ke lie dekhiye "kumudacandAcArya praNIta "cikura dvAtriMzikA"" (saM0 madhusUdana DhAMkI - jitendra zAha, nirgrantha 2, pR0 16, TippaNa 10.) 4. "bhUmikA," (saMskRta), bhaktAmara0, pR035 tathA vahI : "stotrayugalanu tulanAtmaka paryAlocana," (gujarAtI), pR0 32-33. 5. vahI. parantu DA0 nemicandra zAstrI kA kahanA ThIka hai ki "bhaktAmara ke aMtaraMga parIkSaNa se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki yaha stotra kalyANa-maMdira kA pUrvavartI hai / kalyANa-mandira meM kalpanA kI UMcI ur3AneM hai vaisI isa stotra meM nahIM hai / ataH bhaktAmara ke bAda hI kalyANa-mandira kI racanA hui hogI / ata: bhaktAmara kI kalpanAoM kA pallavana evaM una kalpanAoM meM kucha navInatAe~ camatkArapUrNa zailI meM pAyA jAtA hai / / " "koi bhI niSpakSa samAlocaka uparyukta vizleSaNa ke prabhAva meM isa svIkRti kA virodha nahIM kara sakatA hai ki bhaktAmara kA zabdoM, padoM aura kalpanAoM aura padAvaliyoM kA vistAra kalyANa-mandira meM huA hai / " ("AcArya mAnatuMga," anekAnta 18.6, pharvari 1966, pR0 245 - 246.) 6. bha0 sto0, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1969, pR0 13. 7. phira bhI dekhiye yahA~ Age sArAbhAI navAba ke vicAra / 8. navAba, pUrvAcArya0, bIjI AvRtti, ahamadAbAda 1962, pR0 13.

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 63 9. "zrI bhaktAmara stotranI samIkSA," bhaktAmara0, pR0 13. 10. "bha0 sto0," anekAnta 2.1, pR0 71-72. 11. "prastAvanA," sa0-bha0-ra0, pR0 29. 12. "bha0 sto0," anekAnta 2.1, pR0 71-72. 13. "bha0 sto0," jai0 ni0 ra0, pR. 340. 14. vahI, pR0 340 - 341. 15. vahI, pR0 340. 16. vahI, pR0 341. 17. pUrvAcArya0, pR0 12-13. 18. kApar3iyA, "bhUmikA," bhaktAmara0, pR0 2. 19. D. C. M. G. M. L., Vol. XIX, Sec. 1, Hymnology, B.O. R. Z., Poona 1962. 20. "prastAvanA," pUrvAcArya0, pR0 12. 21. vahI, pR0 13. 22. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 83. 23. kAvyamAlA, gu0 7, muMbaI 1896, pR0 1. 24. "bhUmikA,' bhaktAmara0, pR0 2. 25. "A0 mA0," anekAnta 18.6, pR0 243-244. 26. vahI, pR0 244. ye sabhI padya pIche uddhRta kiye gaye gucchakoM se bhinna haiM / yadi DA0 nemicandra jI ne pUre hI pUre padyoM ko de diyA hotA to pUrA Akalana ho sakatA thA / 27. jyotiprasAda jaina, "prastAvanA," sa0-bha0-20, pR0 28. 28. vahI, pR0 29. 38. U. P. Shah, "Evolution of Jaina Iconography and Symbolism," Aspects of Jaina Art, Ahmedabad 1975, pp. 49-74, Figs. 1-28. 30. ThANAMgasUttaM samavAyAMgasuttaM ca, saM0 muni jambUvijaya, jaina-Agama-ganthamAlA : granthAGka 3, muMbaI 1985, pR0 392. 31. AgAsagatenaM cakkenaM AgAsagatenaM chattenaM AgAsitAhiM cAmarAhiM AgAsa-phaliAyakonaM sapAdapIThanaM siMhAsanenaM dhamajjhaenaM puruo.... ityAdi (dekhie uvavAya suttaM, saM0 gaNeza lAlavAnI, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 1988, pR0 36, hamane yahA~ mahArASTrI prAkRta ke rUpa badala ke ardhamAgadhI anusAreNa rakha diyA hai|) 32. Avazyakaniyukti bhAga 1, muMbaI 1982, pR0 155. 33. uparyukta. 34. AvazyakacUrNi, zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma 1928, pR0 325-326. (yaha vivaraNa niyukti gAthA 543 ke khulAsA ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai / )

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 35. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, (dvitIyo bhAga), lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI zreNi, kramAMka 14, amadAvAda 1968, pR0 341. 36. dekhie caupannamahApurisacariya, saM0 paM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, prAkRta grantha pariSad granthAGka 3, vArANasI 1961, pR0 303-304, AryA 452-454. 37. paumacariya, prAkRta grantha pariSada, granthAGka 6, (mUla) saMpAdaka harramanna yakaoNbI, saMzodhaka evaM puna: saMpAdana muni puNyavijaya, vArANasI 1962, 2.251 tathA pR0 11-12. 38. vahI grantha, pR0 12. 39. vasudeva hiNDI, (prathama khaNDa), zrI AtmAnanda-jainagrantharatnamAlA, ratna 80, saM0 muni caturavijaya evaM muni puNyavijaya, bhAvanagara 1930, pR0 341. 40. saM0 muni zrI puNyavijayajI, prAkRta grantha pariSad granthAGka 10, vArANasI-amadAvAda 1966, pR0 4. 41. tiloyapaNNattI, saM0 A0 ne0 upAdhye - hirAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, kramAMka 1, bhAga 1, zolApura 1943, pR0 264-265. 42. vIrasevAmandira-granthamAlA granthAGka 9, sahAranapura 1950, pR0 9-10. 43. dekhie unakA "devanandikA jainendra vyAkaraNa," jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI 1956, pR0 48, pR0 422. 44. vahI, pR0 423. 45. dekhie humbaja-zramaNa-siddhAnta pAThAvali, jayapura 1982, ("nirvANa bhakti'' aMtargata), pR0 139. 46. vahI, pR0 146-147. 47. vahA~ bhAga 1, saM0 A0 ne0 upAdhye, siMghi jaina zAstra vidyApITha, muMbaI 1959, pR0 97. XL. U. P. Shah, "Evolution of Jaina Iconography and Symbolism," Aspects of Jaina Art, (Eds. U. P. Shah & M. A. Dhaky), Ahmedabad 1975), pp. 52, 54, 57, 58. 49. kaTAriyA, "bhaktAmara0," pR0 338-339. 50. vahI, pR0 72. 51. vastutayA pUrA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM isa stotra kA 48 padyavAlA digaMbara-mAnya pATha hI pracalita hai / 52. jyotiprasAda jaina, "bhaktAmara0," jaina-saMdeza, zo0 29, pR0 219. 53. vahI, pR0 220. 54. jai0 sA0 i0, bambaI 1954, pR0 413-414 55. dekhie unakA " nAmakaraNa tathA padyapramANa," bhaktAmara-rahasya, muMbaI 1971, pR0 51. 56. kApaDiyA, 57. kaTAriyA, jai0 ni0 ra0 pariziSTa, pR0 438. 58. muni darzanavijaya, "digambara zAstra kaise bane ? prakaraNa 11, A0 zrI mAnatuMga sUri," jai0 sa0 pra0, pu0 2, aMka 10, 1937, pR0 517-518. 59. hama unake vicAroM kI samIkSA hamArA grantha zrIbRhad nirgrantha stutimaNimaMjUSA meM kara rahe haiM /

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bhaktAmara kI padyasaMkhyA 60. "prastAvanA," bha0 ra0, pR0 19-20. 61. dekhie unakI "bhUmikA," bhaktAmara0, pR. 3. 62. vahIM, "gu0 pra0," pR0 14. 63. dekhie "nAmakaraNa tathA padyapramANa," bha0 ra0, pR0 49. 64. dekhie "prazna 738," aura usakA "samAdhAna," sAgara samAdhAna, bhAga 1, zrI jaina pustaka pracAraka saMsthA, sUrata, dUsarI AvRtti, vi0 saM0 2028 (IsvI 1972), pR0 287-288. 65. isa para hamArI ora se savistara carcA anyatra (nirgrantha-2 meM) ho cukI hai, aura vahIM dekha leM / 66. kucha hemacandrAdi madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara kartAo ne alabattA usI krama meM rakhane kA prayAsa jarUra kiyA hai, lekina sarasarI taura para varNanA meM aisA krama dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai / ) 67. dekhie "zAntibhakti," hu0 zra0 pA0, pR0 132. 68. vahI grantha, pR0 32, padya 1. 69. dekhie, siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahaH, saM0 pannAlAla sonI, mANikacandra-digambara-jaina granthamAlA, grantha 21, bambaI vi0 1979 (IsvI 1923). 70. jisa stuti meM se yaha padya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, vaha srota abhI anupalabdha hone ke kAraNa dikhA nahIM pAye / ata: kSamApArthI haiM /

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66 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (tAlikA kramAMka 5) (zvetAmbaramAnya) devakRta dRzyamAna atizaya kramAMka kRti aupapAtikasUtra | (prAya: IsvI 300) cAmara pAdapIThayukta | siMhAsana cakra / dharmadhvaja (2) 2 zvetacAmara chatra bhAmaMDala cakra indradhvaja __ (2) cAmara chatrAdhichatra bhAmaDala / / samavAyAMgasUtra | azoka vRkSa | sapAdapITha (saMkalana prAya: IsvI siMhAsana 353 vA 366) nAgendravaMzIya vimalasUri azoka (vRkSa) siMhAsana kRta paumacariya (prAya: IsvI 473) / (4) (1) Avazyakaniyukti | caityadruma Asana (prAya: IsvI 525) / (1) (2) saMghadAsagaNi kRta vasudeva+ raktAzoka / | sapAdapITha carita (vasudevahiNDI) | siMhAsana | (prAya: IsvI 550) (2) (3) (2) / 4 cAmara chatra / / 5 cAmara chatrAdhichatra (4) (prArambha meM nirdeza) siMhAsana cAmaradvaya zvetachatra jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAya: IsvI 585) raktAzoka (2)

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7 8 9 bhaktArastotra ke sarjana evaM sarjana kathA AvazyakacUrNi ( prAya: IsvI 600 - 650) bhaktAmara stotra ( prAya: 575-625) zIlAcArya kRta caupannamahApurisacariya ( IsvI 899) azoka vRkSa yA caityavRkSa azoka (1) azokataru (1) kaMkolli (1) sapAdapITha siMhAsana sapAdapITha siMhAsana (2) sapAdapITha siMhAsana (2) siMhAsana (3) cAmara cAmara (3) zvetacAmara (3) cAmara (5) chatrAdhichatra chatrAdhichatra (4) chatratraya (4) chatrAdhichatra (2) -- I I bhAmaNDala (4) dharmacakra the / / / / (4) T ||| 67

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68 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (tAlikA kramAMka 6) aSTamahAprAtihArya chatrAdhichatra cAmara bhAmaMDala kalpadruma dundubhighoSa puSpavRSTi (divyadhvani) | (2) chatratraya catuSaSTha cAmara| bhAmaMDala (8) azokavRkSa dundubhi | puSpavRSTi gaNa | (2) chatra cAmara bhAmaNDala azoka dundubhi / sumanovarSA | divyadhvani (2) Atapatra cAmara bhAmaMDala kramAMka kRti nAgendravaMzIya vimalasUri Asana kRta paumacariya (prAya: IsvI 473) 2 tiloyapaNNattI siMhAsana (prAya: IsvI 550) svAmI samantabhadrakRta Asana stutividyA (prAyaH IsvI 600) 4 sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi Asana (prAya: IsvI 675-700) (5) evaM nandIsUtra kI hAribhadrIyATIkA ke antargata uddharaNa udyotanasUrikRta Asana kuvalayamAlA kahA (1) (IsvI. 778) ajJAta (yApanIya) kartA siMhaviSTara kA 34 atizayaaSTa prAtihArya stavana (prAya: 7vIM zatI) azokavRkSa dundubhi (1) (7) surapuSpavRSTi divyadhvani (2) (3) chatratraya cAmara (6) bhAmaMDala (2) | azoka (4) duMdubhi / (3) kusuma | divyadhvani (7) (8) | chatratraya cAmara yugala | bhAmaMDala (rakta) azoka | dundubhi kusumavRSTi divyadhvani | (5) (2) / (7)

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bhaktArastotra ke sarjana evaM sarjana kathA 69 bhAmaMDala azoka dundubhi | surapuSpavRSTi bhASA (1) (2) suradundubhi puSpavRSTi mahAdivyadhvani 8 | pariprabhA azoka cAmara paMkti (5) (7) punnATasaMghIya jinasenakRta hema siMhAsana | zveta chatratraya | harivaMzapurANa (IsvI 784) (7) / paMcastUpAnvayI bhagavajjinasena pITha chatratritaya yA kRta AdipurANa chatratraya (prAya: IsvI 850) (1) digambarAcArya kumudacandra siMhAsana | sitAtapatra kRta kalyANamandirastotra | (4) (prAya: IsvI 1100-1125) nemicandrasUri kRta Asana pravacanasAroddhAra (8) (prAya: IsvI 1175) | (2) (8) surapuSpavRSTi girA (2) (6) (3) (6) dyutimaNDala , azokataru | suradundubhi (7) (3) cAmara cAmara bhAvalaya kaMkolli | bheri / (2) kusumavRSTi devadhvani | (3)

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bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana yoM to bhaktAmara kA prakAzita pATha kAfI vizuddha dikhAI detA hai, phira bhI kahIM-kahIM kucha sthAnoM para chape hue pAThoM meM thor3A sA antara bhI milatA hai, jinake pIche prasiddhakartAoM ko milI huI pratiyoM ke pATha kAraNabhUta rahe hoMge / stotra kI zvetAmbara AvRtti vizeSakara guNAkarasUri ke diye gaye pATha para AdhArita hai / para aba taka kisI ne pATana, khaMbhAta evaM jaisalamera ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha prAcInatama tAr3apatrIya pothiyoM ko Adarza banAkara pATha ko sunizcita nahIM kiyA hai / sarvaprathama prA0 kApar3iyA ke saMskaraNa ke antargata pAdaTIpoM meM kahIM-kahIM TippaNoM ke saMga pAThAntaroM ko bhI diyA gayA hai / dUsarI ora kaTAriyA jI ne bhI stotra meM digambara pratiyoM meM mile pAThAntaroM kI sUcI taiyAra kI hai / ina donoM ko milAkara jinameM spaSTa antara dikhAI detA hai, aise pAThAntaroM kI sUcI hamane bhI mUlastotra ke pIche dI hai / ___ kaTAriyA mahodaya ne pracalita pATha meM aise eka pAThAntara ke AdhAra para bahuta hI mahattva kA sudhAra sUcita kiyA hai / yahA~ hama unake kathana ko yathAtatha uddhadhRta karanA ThIka samajhate haiM / unakI dI gaI yukti ko unhIM ke zabdoM meM grahaNa karanA AsAna rahegA / "zloka 42meM "balavatAmapi bhUpatInAM' pATha pracalita hai, jisakA artha hai ki-"yuddha meM balavAna rAjAoM kI bhI senA Apake stavana se zIghra vinaSTa ho jAtI hai / " isa para saMbhavata: yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki balavAna rAjA to svapakSa meM aura svayaM bhI ho sakatA hai, phira stutikAra unakA vinAza kaise cAhegA ? isakA samAdhAna vi0 saM0 1563 ke basavA grAma ke eka guTake se hotA hai / usameM "balavatAmari bhUpatInAM' zuddha pATha pAyA gayA hai jisase zlokArtha isa prakAra hotA ki "yuddha meM balavAna zatru rAjAoM kI senA Apake stavana se zIghra vinaSTa ho jAtI hai / '' 'api' kI jagaha 'ari' zuddha pATha hone se zloka kitanA susaMgata aura nirdoSa ho gayA hai yaha batAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai / vijJa pAThaka isakI khUbI kA svayaM anubhava kara sakate haiM, phira bhI eka bAta maiM yahA~ aura batA denA cAhatA hU~ ki prAkRta meM 23 gAthAtmaka eka "bhayaharastotra'' hai jo zvetAmbaroM ke yahA~ se "jaina stotra saMdoha' dvitIya bhAga meM prakAzita huA hai / isa stotra ko bhI mAnatuMga kI hI kRti batalAyI jAtI hai kyoMki 'bhaktAmara stotra' kI taraha isake bhI aMtima zloka meM (zleSAtmaka) mAnatuMga zabda pAyA jAtA hai / bhaktAmarastotra meM jisa taraha 8 bhayoM kA varNana hai usI taraha 'bhayaharastotra' meM bhI hai / isakI 17 vIM gAthA meM 'raNa' bhaya ke antargata riuNarinda (ripunarendra) zabda milatA hai jisase bhaktAmarastotra ke 'aribhUpatInAM' zuddha pATha kA samarthana hotA hai' / " / kaTAriyA jI dvArA sUcita yaha pATha-vizuddhi bahuta hI marmayukta evaM upayukta hai aura yahA~ hamane isako svIkAra kiyA hai /

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bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana guNAkara sUri ke pATha meM dasaveM padya ke prathama caraNa meM "nAtyadbhutaM bhuvanabhUSaNabhUta ! nAtha !" aisA pATha hai, para kApar3iyA jI ne padaccheda ke AdhAra para pAdaTIpa meM "nAtyadbhutaM bhuvanabhUSaNa ! bhUtanAtha !" pATha ko samIcIna batAyA hai so ThIka hai / amRtalAla zAstrI ke, evaM kucha anya Adhunika digambara prakAzanoM meM bhI, isI prakAra kA pATha liyA gayA hai; aura hamane bhI yahA~ usI svarUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai / kaTAriyA mahodaya ne eka aura galatI kI tarapha dhyAna khIMcA hai / "zloka 6 meM "taccArucAmrakalikA' pATha pracalita hai / yaha pATha mUla granthakAra kRta nahIM hai / prAcIna pratiyoM meM "taccArucUtakalikA' pATha hI pAyA jAtA hai / prANapriya kAvya, jisake bhaktAmara stotra ke pratyeka zloka kA aMtima caraNa samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, usameM bhI "taccArucUtakalikA" pATha hI upalabdha hotA hai / ata: yahI pATha mUla granthakAra kRta jJAta hotA hai lekina isameM 'cUta' zabda ko azlIla samajhakara usakI jagaha 'cAmra' pATha kA parivartana kara diyA gayA hai / yaha parivartana bhI 300, 400 varSa prAcIna pratiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai kintu 'cAmra' meM jo 'ca' hai vaha samAsAdi kI dRSTi se sadoSa hai / ata: Aja ke yuga meM use bhI saMzodhita kara 'taccAmracArukalikA' pATha banA diyA gayA hai / isameM cAmra ko pahale rakha diyA hai aura cAru ko bAda meM / isase samAsa sambandhI doSa to dUra ho gayA hai kintu isameM bhI 'ca' zabda vyartha raha gayA hai / mUla stotrakAra ne 'cUta' zabda kA prayoga 'Amra' artha meM kiyA hai, kisI azlIla artha meM nhiiN| ata: kisI prAntIya artha ko lekara kisI zabda vizeSa meM azlIlatA kA Aropa samucita nhiiN|" yadyapi unhoMne kaTAriyA jI kA lekha nahIM dekhA hai phira bhI prabuddha jIvana ke taMtrI mahodaya prA0 ramaNalAla zAha kA kucha aisA hI avalokana rahA hai / sambandhaka" pAdapATha kA zabdAntara dene ke bAda Apane kahA hai : "ina donoM pAThoM meM kevala eka zabda kA hI pharka hai / 'cUta' ke sthAna para adhikAMza loga 'Amra' bola dete haiM / 'cUta' zabda kA artha Amra-vRkSa hotA hai aura Amra zabda kA artha bhI Amra-vRkSa hotA hai / parantu kavi prayojita mUla zabda to 'cUta' hI hai / sabhI prAcIna pANDulipiyoM meM isa taraha hI hai / saMskRta meM 'cUta' zabda bahuta hI pracalita hai / Ama ke per3a ke artha meM yaha bahudhA prayoga meM AyA hai aura acchI taraha rUr3ha bhI huA hai / parantu Akhira ke eka-Der3ha sadI se 'cUta' zabda gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI evaM paMjAbI vagairaha bhASAoM meM strIliMga-darzaka zabda ke artha meM pracalita bana gayA hai / isalie yaha zabda kisI ko azlIla yA bIbhatsa lage, aisA saMbhava hai / isa kAraNa kisI paMDita ne apanI tarapha se 'cUta' ke badale isakA paryAya rUpa 'Amra' zabda rakha diyA hai, jo chaMda kI dRSTi se baiTha jAtA hai / pAThazAlAoM meM zizuoM ke lie bhI kisI-kisI ko upayukta lagA hai / parantu yaha eka anadhikRta ceSTA hai / kavi ne jo zabda prayojita kiyA usako apanI marjI ke mutAbika, lokAcAra ko lakSya karake, pheraphAra karane kA adhikAra kisI ko nahIM hai / aisA pheraphAra kavi ko abhipreta bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai / ArAdhakoM ko to kavi ke mUla zabda ko hI lekara calanA cAhie / vyAvahArika rUpa se jo loga Upara na uTha sakeM unakI ArAdhanA itanI kaccI samajhI jAyegI / tadatirikta kavi kA

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72 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra zabda manISi kA zabda hai; ArSadraSTA kA zabda hai / kavi ko Amra zabda mAlUma nahIM thA isalie cUta zabda prayojita kiyA aisA nahIM hai / kavi kI vANI se jo zabda anAyAsa nikala par3A hai aura unakI AtmA kI atala gaharAI meM se AyA hai, sacce ArAdhakoM ko isI mUla zabda ko hI vafAdArIpUrvaka lenA cAhie / aura zabdaparaka ghRNA se citta ko nivRtta karake uttama adhyavasAya meM ramaNa karanA caahie| vaidikoM ke gAyatrI mantra meM bhI 'pracodayAt' aisA eka zabda AtA hai, jo Akhira ke kucha sadiyoM se azlIla yA bIbhatsa zabda ke rUpa meM bhI prayoga meM hai / phira bhI usa maMtra meM aba taka kisI paMDita ne pheraphAra nahIM kiyA hai / aisI anadhikAra ceSTA koI bhI vyakti karatA hai to use mAna lenA saMbhava nahIM / " hama isa maMtavya se sarvathA sahamata haiM / sabhI zvetAmbara vRttikAroM ne 'cUta' zabda hI grahaNa kiyA hai aura kAlidAsa jaise mahAn kavivara ne aneka sthAnoM para 'cUta' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / ___ isa stotra kI guNavattA kA vihaMgAvalokana DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ke zabdoM meM yahA~ rakhakara vaha kaise utpanna huI usa para vicAra kareMge / "isa manomugdhakArI stotraratna meM pariSkRta evaM sahajagamya bhASAprayoga, sAhityika-suSamA, racanA kI cArutA, nirdoSa kAvya-kalA, upayukta zabdAlaGkAroM evaM arthAlaMkAroM kI vicchitti darzanIya hai ...." / "yadyapi mAnatuMga ne klAsikala (classical) saMskRta kAvya kI alaMkRta zailI meM racanA kI hai, tathApi unhoMne svayaM ko aisI durUha kAlpanika ur3AnoM evaM zabdika prayogoM se bacAyA hai jinameM kAvya kA rasa alaMkAroM ke jAla meM ojhala ho jAtA hai|" bhaktAmara ke dehasarjana meM prayukta alaMkAroM se sambaddha vicAra jyotiprasAda jI se 45 sAla pUrva, prA0 kApar3iyA ne apanI gujarAtI meM likhI prastAvanA ke antargata "stotra-yugalanuM tulanAtmaka paryAlocana" vibhAga meM kiyA hai / isameM kalyANamandirastotra (jisako ve siddhasena divAkara viracita mAnate the) ke hara padya ke saMga bhaktAmara ke padyoM kI tulanA karate samaya donoM stotroM ke AlaMkArika pahaluoM para paryApta vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ unhoMne saMskRta sAhitya kI suvizruta kRtiyA~, jaise kAlidAsa ke kumArasambhava, raghuvaMza, abhijJAna-zAkuntala aura mAlavikAgnimitra ke padya evaM bhartRharikRta nItizataka, mAgha ke zizupAlavadha, amarUzataka, puSpadaMta kRta zivamahimnastotra, ityAdi ke samAnAlaMkRta padya ke sAtha tulanA bhI peza kI hai / tadatirikta stotragata padalAlitya, padamAdhurya, anuprAsa kI ramyatA, prasAda, kalpanA aura camatkRti para carcA karane ke sAtha hI vahA~ prayukta alaMkAroM kA bhI jikra kiyA hai, jaise ki prativastUpamA, anumAna, kAvyaliMga, vyatireka, nindA-stuti, dRSTAnta, zabdAnuprAsa ityAdi / / paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI (1969) ne bhI bhaktAmarastotra kI alaMkAra-vicchitti ke vivaraNa meM eka saMkSipta kaMDikA meM jo kucha kahA hai usameM bahuta kucha batA diyA hai / unake kathanAnusAra stotra meM zabdAlaMkAra ke antargata chekAnuprAsa evaM vRtyAnuprAsa kI vicchitti manohAriNI hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM viSama, vyatireka, pUrNopamA, rUpaka, phalotprekSA, bhrAntimAna, kvacit zleSa, atizayokti, AkSepa, dRSTAnta, prativastUpamA aura samAsokti Adi prayukta haiM; para sarvatra jaTilatA evaM durbodhatA kA parihAra sahaja rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| (jyotiprasAdajI kI Isa viSaya para hui sAdhAraNa carcA kA AdhAra amRtalAla zAstrI kA uparyukta lekhana rahA ho aisA AbhAsa milatA hai / )

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bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana uparyukta donoM vidvAnoM ke atirikta DA0 rudradeva tripAThI ne bhaktAmarastotra kI kAvyazAstrIya samIkSA bahuta hI gaharAI se prAyaH 21 pRSTha - pramANa kI hai, jisameM se kucha aMza yahA~ peza kareMge / stotra ke "pada-pada meM prAsAdika bhASApravAha, vicAroM ko saMgraha kara rakhane vAlI varNoM kI svAbhAvika maitrI, viSaya-vastu ko vAstavika rUpa meM prastuta karane vAlI vAkyayojanA, anirvacanIya rasa paripAka, rasAnubhUti ko AbhAsita karAne vAlA saMgIta, upayukta chaMda ke saMga zabdoM kI madhura jhaGkAra evaM arthojjvalatA ko pratyakSa karane vAlI vacana - bhaMgimA se sabhara alaMkAra isa stotra kI lokapriyatA ke saMga hI kAvyarasikoM ko bhI rasasikta karAne vAlA hai" / " " zAstrakAroM ne chanda ko kAvya kA zarIra bhI kahA hai aura isalie hI upayukta chanda ke binA bhAvoM kA uttama vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / 'chadi' dhAtu kA artha AhlAda hai aura vaha AhlAda gaNabaddha varNasaMyojana, niyamita yati, vega, virAma, caraNa-vistAra, varNamaitrI, sajAtIyatA, sthAnamaitrI, nAdasauMdarya, ityAdi tattva uttarottara sukhAnubhUti - rasAnubhUti meM sahAyaka banatA hai / bhaktAmarastotra meM ye vizeSatAe~ sthAna-sthAna para dekhane ko milatI haiM" / " (DA0 tripAThI ne stotra meM se kucha padya udAharaNa ke rUpa meM vahA~ prastuta kiyA hai / ) stotra ke aMta: bhUta rasa kI mImAMsA bhI DA0 tripAThI ne vistAra se kI / inakA kahanA hai ki " stutiyoM meM devAdiviSayaka rati hotI hai / vaha rati nirveda - pradhAna hone se zama ko sthAyI bhAva meM pariNata karake zAMta rasa kA poSaNa karatI hai / " isalie "aise stotroM ko bhaktirasa kA kAvya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki prAcIna AcArya anurAga ko bhaktirasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnate haiM3 / " prabodha, virakti, dhyAnajanya tanmayatA, udAsInatA, paramAtmA ke prati parama anurakti Adi kAraNoM se tathA zravaNa, kIrtana, sevana, arcana, Adi ratibhAvanA- pravartaka upAMgoM se dAsya athavA Atma-nivedana svarUpa ratibhAva 73 aMgoM kA paripoSaNa ho jAne se yaha stotra bhI bhaktirasa kA uttama udAharaNa hai aura alaukika guNasampanna bhagavAna zrI RSabhanAtha ko sarvasva arpaNa karane vAlI dRr3ha niSThA isameM kAraNabhUta hai 4 / " yaha viziSTa ratibhAva, paramAtmA ke prati anurakti " dUsare zabdoM meM 'ahaitukI bhakti' kahalAtI hai jo mAnatuMga sUri dvArA apane stotra meM abhivyakta huI hai" / " -- Age calakara DA0 tripAThI ne stotra meM prayojita alaMkAra sambandhI carcA kI hai / mAnatuMga ne stotra meM kahIM bhI yamaka kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, aura isa viSaya para TippaNI karate hue tripAThI jI kA kahanA hai ki mAnatuMga bhI AcArya bhAmaha kI taraha yamaka ko " rasa meM gauNa mAnane vAle hoM aisA lagatA hai 96 / " "alaMkAra ke viSaya meM koI khAsa kramabaddhatA yA kisI prakAra ke durAgraha kA darzana stotra meM kahIM nahIM dekhane ko milatA / " " zabdAlaMkAra meM sau prathama anuprAsa hai jo varNamaitrI, sthAnamaitrI yA anuraNana ke prAdhAnya se yukta haiM / stotra kA koI bhI padya anuprAsa se rahita nahIM / sthAna-sthAna para chekAnuprAsa yA vRtyAnuprAsa to hai hI, jisakI varNamaitrI evaM sthAnamaitrI se utpAdita nAdAnusaMdhAna isameM prANa kI jo ApUrti karatA hai, vaha bhI adbhuta hai" / (DA0 tripAThI ne isa kathana ko siddha karane ke lie stotra se kucha udAharaNa die haiM / kahIM-kahIM zleSAlaMkAra kA AbhAsa dene vAle zabdoM ke dRSTAMta bhI peza kie haiM / ) Age bar3hate hue tripAThI jI kA kahanA hai ki stotra meM " vakrokti

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra kA prayoga to adhikatara hai hI / (para) punaruktavadAbhAsa bhI kahIM-kahIM mila jAtA hai / eka sthAna para citrAlaMkAra kI bhI racanA saMbhavita ho sakatI hai jisake lie chabbIsavA~ padya-'tubhyaM namastribhuvanArtiharAya nAtha !' -Adi saMgrahaNIya hai / isa padya ko caturdala kamalabaMdha, svastikabaMdha, catur-cakrabandha, puSpabaMdha yA vRkSabandha Adi citrabaMdhoM kI AkRti meM DhAlA jA sakatA hai / " "isa taraha stotra ke padyoM se zabda ke donoM dharma-saMgItadharma evaM citradharma-kI sArthakatA siddha hotI hai / isake sAtha hI bhASAgata prayoga ke vaiziSTya se artha ko vicitra dhvanitaraMga dvArA diyA gayA vistAra tathA 'kalpAntakAla pavanoddhatanakracakra' jaise padoM ke prayoga se bhAva prakAzana kI svachandatA evaM saMgItAtmaka abhivyaMjanA sahaja rUpa se prakaTa ho gaI hai20 / " "arthAlaMkAroM meM 'upamA' pramukha alaMkAra hai / " "isalie bhaktAmarastotra meM anya arthAlaMkAroM kI apekSA upamAlaMkAra ne adhika sthAna prApta kiyA hai / karIba bIsa se adhika padyoM meM Ane vAle isa alaMkAra ko vyakta karane ke lie AcArya jI ne dRSTAMta, vyatireka, prativastUpamA, arthApatti, vyAjastuti, kAvyaliMga, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA sahArA liyA hai| ina saboM meM arthAntaranyAsa vizeSa prayukta huA hai, jisase aisA kaha sakate haiM ki kAlidAsa kI taraha yaha alaMkAra mAnatuMgasUri ko bhI priya rahA hai / udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se apane kathanoM kI puSTi karane kI kAbIliyata zrI sUri jI kI tarkazakti ko vyakta karatI hai, to usake saMga hI apanI vinamratA dikhAkara, AtmapreraNApUrvaka, stuti meM hue pravartana unakI jinezvara ke prati ahaitukI bhakti ko siddha karatI hai / 'sAmAnya' ke upayoga se 'vizeSa' kA samarthana, aMta:prerita bhAva, kauzalapUrNa stuti, zabdoM kA kalAtmaka prayoga aura varNya-vastu athavA bhAvoM ko mUrtarUpa dene meM alaMkAroM kI ojapUrNa abhivyakti zrI mAnatuMgasUri ko kAvyakAroM meM, kaviziromaNi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara detI hai / " tatpazcAt tripAThI jI ne stotra meM upalabdha upamAoM ke mUlabhUta tattvoM kA vistAra se vivaraNa diyA hai / aura usake bAda usake viziSTa padyoM kI puSpadanta ke mahimnastotra se, kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza evaM kumArasaMbhava ke sAtha tathA mAtagapta kI kisI anupalabdha kRti ke eka padya ke sAtha. azvaghoSa ke saundaranandakAvya ke padya ke bhAva se, aura bANa ke caMDIzataka evaM mayUra ke sUryazataka ke padyoM se tulanA kI hai23 / vastutayA DA0 tripAThI kI samIkSA meM aneka rasaprada evaM upayukta bAteM samAviSTa haiM, jo yahA~ sthalasaMkoca ke kAraNa hameM chor3a denI par3I haiM / kavi mAnatuMga kI kAvya-pratibhA kA pUrNa darzana hameM unakI vibhUtiyoM evaM aSTa mahAbhayoM kI atyanta cAru aura citrazIla varNanA meM milatA hai| una padyoM meM chandolaya bhI parAkASThA para pahu~ca gayA hai| mAnatuMgAcArya pUrvAzrama meM vedavAdI rahe hoMge aise kucha saMketa stotra meM yatra-tatra milate haiM / kApar3iyA jI ne isa viSaya meM vizeSakara do muddoM para dhyAna khIMcA thA / 21 veM padya meM mAnatuMgasUri apane hari-hara lakSita pUrva darzana kA ullekha karate haiM / yathA : manye varaM hari-harAdaya-eva dRSTA / dRSTeSu yeSu hRdayaM tvayi toSameti / /

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bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana isake atirikta stotra ke 23 veM padya meM zrutivAkya kA khaMDa samAviSTa huA hai / tvAmAmananti munayaH paramaM pumAMsa mAdityavarNamamalaM tamasa: parastAt / aura yaha ukti Rgveda meM Ane vAle 'OM nagnaM sudhIraM digvAsasaM brahmagarbha sanAtanaM upaimi vIraM puruSamarhantamAditya varNa tamasa: parastAt svAhA / / ' tathA zuklayajurved (a0 31-18) ke 'puruSasUkta' meM milatI hai / yathA : vedAhametaM puruSaM mahAntam AdityavarNaM tamasaH parastAt / tameva viditvA'timRtyumeti nAnyaH panthA vidyate'yanAya / / zrImadbhagavadgItA (a0 8.9) meM bhI vaha vAkyAMza prApta hotA hai / yathA : kaviM purANamanuzAsitAramaNoraNIyAMsamanusmared yaH / sarvasya dhAtAramacityarUpa-mAdityavarNaM tamasaH parastAt / / (paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI kA kathana bhI mahadaMzena kApar3iyA jI ke kathana se milatA-julatA hai)| isa tathya ke atirikta 26 veM padya meM bhI "kalpAntakAlapavanoddhatavahnikalpaM,' tathA 15 veM padya meM bhI "kalpAntakAlamarutA calitA'calena" AtA hai / nirgrantha darzana meM kAlacakra darzaka 'kalpa' zabda ke sthAna para vizeSakara 'ArA' yA 'Araka' kA prayoga hotA hai aura sukha, samRddhi, zIla Adi kI kAlagati kI dizA evaM Araka ke kramAnusAra nyUnAdhikatA to mAnI hai, lekina vahA~ pUrNatayA pralaya kI to kalpanA nahIM hai / yaha bhI stotrakartA mUlata: purANAnusArI brAhmaNadharmI hoM, aisI dhAraNA ke prati le jAtA hai; phira bhI zrIyut dhIrajalAla zAha kA kahanA isase viruddha hai : "parantu itanA dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki anya AcAryoM ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM veda-upaniSad-brAhmaNagraMtha Adi ke vAkyoM ko gumphita kiyA hai; phira bhI ve brAhmaNajAti meM janme hue nahIM the / jaisA ki kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya, upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja ityAdi / to bhI itanI bAta to nizcita hI hai ki zrImAnatuMgasUri mahAvidvAn the / aura unhoMne jainoparAnta jainetara zAstroM kA bhI adhyayana acchI taraha kiyA thA, jisakA pratibimba isa stotra para par3A hai / isake atirikta kAvyazakti bhI unako prArambha se hI varita hogI, varnA aisA adbhuta kAvya ve ekAeka kaise raca sakate the|" dhIrajalAla jI kI pahalI bAta hameM pramANabhUta nahIM lagatI / hemacandrAcArya evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI vaNika jAti ke the yaha bAta sahI hai, para ve bhaktAmarakAra se bahuta bAda meM hue haiM / hemacandra prAya: pAMca sau sAla bAda aura yazovijayajI to karIba gyAraha sau sAla pazcAta / donoM ke sAmane bhaktAmarastotra rahA thA aura donoM para yadi siddhasena divAkara aura samantabhadra kI kRtiyoM kA prabhAva par3a sakatA thA to kyA bhaktAmara kA nahIM, aisA hama kaha sakate haiM ? Akhira bhaktAmarastotrakAra ke samaya kI aura AcArya hemacandra tathA yazovijaya jI ke samaya kI aitihAsika evaM sAmAjika sthiti ke bIca kAfI aMtara ho cukA thA / jahA~ samAna bhUmikA kA abhAva hI hai vahA~ donoM ko eka palle meM rakhane ke prayAsa se koI phaladAyI pariNAma nahIM nikala

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76 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra sakatA / madhyayuga meM gRhasthaparyAya meM vaNika jJAtiyoM meM janma lene vAle anekoM muni acche sArasvata the, isake anekoM pramANa upalabdha haiM / aba Akhira meM stotra evaM stotrakAra se sambaddha eka-do aura tathyoM kA nirdeza deMge / itanI zAlIna, zAnadAra aura benamUna hI nahIM, lokottara racanA hote hue bhI usameM khaTakane vAlI eka bAta para bhI dhyAna kendrita karanA z2arUrI hai / mAnatuMga vedamArga chor3akara zramaNamArga meM Aye the; isalie unameM kucha hada taka kaTTaratA bhI A gaI hogI aisA lagatA hai / prA0 kApar3iyA ne yathArtha hI bhaktAmara ke 2021 veM padya ko "sAmpradAyika" ghoSita kiyA hai / inameM se 20 vA~ padya isa prakAra hai jJAnaM yathA tvayi vibhAti kRtAvakAzaM __ naivaM tathA hariharAdiSu nAyakeSu / tejaH sphuranmaNiSu yAti yathA mahattvaM naivaM tu kAcazakale kiraNAkule'pi / / jisa z2amAne meM mAnatuMga rahe hoMge, aisI sAmpradAyika spardhA kA vAtAvaraNa z2arUra rahA hogA, thA hI / Aja to aise vibhAva kA parivahana karane meM lajjA kA hI anubhava ho sakatA hai / mAnatuMgAcArya ya~ to samanvayavAdI the aisA padya saMkhyA 25-26 se anumAna hotA hai / yaha dekhate hae unhoMne yadi 20 vA~ padya na banAyA hotA to stotra kI garimA pUrNarUpeNa banI rahatI / yadyapi bhagavAn zaMkara se sambaddha paurANika kathanoM meM rAga, raudratA aura sAkalya kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, para AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ve guNAtIta, mAyArahita, niSkala, "paramaziva" evaM "mahezvara" bhI mAne gaye haiM / ThIka isI taraha viSNu ko bhI eka tarapha lIlAmaya aura dUsarI ora lIlAtIta mAnA gayA hai / jinendra ke vItarAga hone se unakI pratimA meM kevala karmarahita nizcala sthiti kI hI kalpanA kI gaI hai / vahA~ prazamarasa ko hI sthAna milaa| kintu isa kAraNa ko lekara hari-hara ko nIce darje kA mAnanA muzkila hai / Akhira dArzanika dRSTi se donoM meM bahuta aMtara hote hue bhI anekAnta dRSTi se inake aMtima tAttvika vibhAva meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai| DA0 rudradeva tripAThI ne isa saMdarbha meM jo vicAra rakhA hai vaha yahA~ hama unhIM ke zabdoM meM prastuta kareMge / "kramaza: 20-21-23 aura 24 veM padya meM hariharAdi devoM se bhI prabhu ko zreSTha vyakta karane kI zailI ekAMta-bhakti para Azrita hai aura vaha sarvavyApI bhI hai / caMDIzataka meM bANa kavi ne bhI devI ko ziva, sUrya, indra, candra, vAyu, kubera Adi devoM se zreSTha rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai / yathA : vidrANe rudravande savitari tarale vajiNi dhvastavajre, jAtAzaH zazAGke viramati maruti vyaktavaire kubere / vaikuNThe kuNThitAstre mahiSamatirUpaM paurUSopaghnanighnaM, nirvighnaM nighnatI vaH zamayatu duritaM bhUribhAvA bhavAnI / / mayUra kavi ne sUryazataka meM sUrya deva ko (88 veM padya meM) sabhI devoM se viziSTa dikhAyA hai|

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bhaktAmara kA AMtaradarzana taduparAnta 93 evaM 94 saMkhyAvAle padyoM meM ziva, viSNu, brahmA Adi devoM se mahAn evaM mahacchIla batAkara prazaMsA kI hai / " yaha kaiphiyata eka taraha se mAnatuMgasUri kI sAmpradAyikatA kI taraphadArI meM bacAvanAmA z2arUra hai, parantu hameM lagatA hai ki zAkta evaM dUsare veda paMthI Akhira eka hI dharma-saMskAra (brAhmaNIya purANamArga) ke nAte jur3e hue the, jabaki zramaNamArgI nirgrantha unase bhinna hai aura tattvata: kucha bAtoM meM dUra bhI par3a jAtA hai / isalie Upara jo kucha kaha gaye haiM usakI yathArthatA, mukammilapana para hama kAyama haiM, aura dRSTikoNa ko badala dene kA isa vakta koI Thosa kAraNa bhI upasthita nahIM hai / bhaktAmarastotra kI racanA kAvya-lakSaNa kI dRSTi se to sarvAMga-sarasa hai; para usameM kahIM-kahIM caraNAnta samAsa hai, jo usako kaMThastha karane evaM udgAna karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karAtA hai / tantrI mahAzaya ramaNalAla zAha ne isa viSaya meM vicAra kiyA hai, aura ina ulajhanoM se nipaTane kI prakriyA batAI hai, jo vahA~ dekha lenI cAhie / TippaNiyA~: 1. kaTAriyA, jai0 ni0 20, pR0 334-335. 2. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 27. 3. kaTAriyA, pR0 336. 4. ramaNalAla cI0 zAha, "bhaktAmara stotra - keTalAka prazno," prabuddha jIvana, 16-4-87, pR0 205. 5. madhuraravA parabhRtikA bhramarI ca vibuddhacUtasaMginyau / - mAlavikAgnimitra, 4.2' cUtena saMzritavatI navamAlikeyam asyAmahaM tvayi ca saMprati vItacintaH / - abhijJAna zAkuntala, 4.12' catAnAM ciranirgatApi kalikA badhnAti na svaM rajaH / - abhijJAna zAkuntala 6.4' cUtapravAloSThamalaMcakAra - kumArasaMbhava 3.30' cUtAGkurAsvAda kaSAyakaNThaH - kumArasaMbhava 3.32' nivapeH sahakAramaJjarI: priyacUtaprasavo hi te sakhA' ' - kumArasaMbhava 4.38' ye tInoM grantha kAlidAsa-ganthAvalI, saM0 revAprasAda-dvivedI, vArANasI 1986 meM saMgRhita hai, jisase yahA~ uddhata kiyA gayA hai / ) 6. "prastAvanA," sa0-bha0-20, pR0 27.

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78 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 7. kApar3iyA, "prastAvanA," bhaktAmara0, pR0 19-31. 8. "prastAvanA," bha0 sto0, pR0 14-15. 9. prastuta pustikA unake sAmane rahI hI thI / 10. "kAvya samIkSA," bha0 ra0 (gujarAtI), pAMcamo khaMDa, pR0 388. 11. vahI, pR0 390. 12. vahI, pR0 391. 13. vahI. 14. vahI, pR0 391 aura 392. 15. vahI, pR0 394. / 16. vahI. 17. vahI. 18. vahI. 19. vahI, pR0 395 20. vahI. 21. vahI. 22. vahI, pR0 396. 23. yahA~ hama vinTaranitsa kA kathana uddhRta kareMge : "The Bektancia-statra is an amate poom but not so daborate, by a long way, as the hymns of Bana and Myura" ( g. Murice Wrtanitz, A History of Indon Literature , WI-II," Buddhist and Jain Litente ", Saad, norint, Dahi 1971, p 24. "bhUmikA," bhaktAmara0, pR0 11, tadatirikta dekhie popaTalAla kevaLacaMda zAha, "bhaktAmara stotra ane zrI ___ mAnatuMgAcArya," jainayuga, 4/10, saM0 1985 (IsvI 1929), pR0 479. 25. "prastAvanA," bha0 sto0, pR0 7. 26. "stotrakArano sAmAnya paricaya," bha0 ra0, pR0 38-39. 27. "stotrayugalanuM tulanAtmaka paryAlocana,' bhaktAmara0, pR0 26. 28. "kAvya samIkSA," bha0 ra0, pR0 405. 29. "bhaktAmara stotra - keTalAka prazno,' pra0 jI0, 16-4-87, pR0 204.

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bhayaharastotra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMgasUri kI dvitIya kRti ke rUpa meM 21 prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha bhayaharastotra prasiddha hai / kharataragaccha ke "saptasmaraNa" meM, aura tapAgaccha ke "navasmaraNa' meM bhayaharastotra bhI anya mazahUra stuti-stotroM ke saMga samAhita hai / prabhAvakacaritakAra prabhAcandra ne "mAnatuMgacarita' meM tathA guNAkara sUri ne apanI vRtti meM usako mAnatuMgAcArya kI hI kRti mAnA hai / digambara sampradAya ke sAmpratakAlIna kucha vidvAn isa stotra ko (vartamAna zvetAmbara prakAzanoM ke mAdhyama se) jAnate to haiM, para unake vahA~ paramparA se usa stotra kI prasiddhi nahIM hai, aura inameM se kucha usako bhaktAmarakAra kI kRti nahIM mAnate / isa viSaya para yahA~ Age vicAra kiyA jAyegA / __ stotra kI antima (21vIM) gAthA meM zleSamayI mudrArUpeNa 'mAnatuMga' nAma dRSTigocara hotA haiM, jaisA bhaktAmarastotra meM bhI hai / kucha-kucha pratiyoM meM 23 yA 25 kI saMkhyA taka kI gAthAyeM bhI milatI haiM; para vaha saba eka prakAra se stotra kI hI prazasti ke rUpa meM, madhyakAla ke kucha sAdhAraNa kaviyoM kI baMdhI huI, dikhAI detI haiM / khaMbhAta ke zAntinAtha jaina bhaNDAra kI IsvI 13vIM zatI uttarArdha kI prAcInatama prati meM, aura pramANa meM vizeSa purAnI TIkAoM meM to 21 hI gAthAe~ milatI haiM / bhaktAmara kI tulanA meM bhayaharastotra kI pratiyA~ kama milatI haiM aura bhaktAmara kI taraha vaha sarvapriya bhI nahIM hai| yaha stotra jina pArzvanAtha ko uddezita hai aura usameM kartA ne pArzvanAtha ke guNAnuvAda para itanA dhyAna nahIM diyA jitanA unake nAma ke prabhAva se aSTa-mahAbhayoM ke nivAraNa para / isa ekAMgitA ke kAraNa bhaktAmarastotra ke pAsa rakhane se vastu kI dRSTi se usakA mahattva kucha kama hI dikhAI detA hai / isa stotra para yadyapi bhaktAmara ke samAna vipula vRttyAtmakAdi parikara sAhitya nahIM huA, phira bhI mahAkavi mAnatuMgAcArya kI kRti mAnI jAne se usakA kucha hada taka mahattva to thA hI / tadatirikta madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara munivaroM kI aSTa-mahAbhayoM ke nivAraka mAne jAte stotroM ke prati ruci evaM Adara ke kAraNa kucha vivaraNAtmaka sAhitya to banA hI hai / isameM kharataragacchIya jinaprabhasUri kI saM0 1365/ I0 sa0 1309 meM sAketapura (ayodhyA) meM banAI huI abhidhAnacandrikA aparanAma abhiprAyacandrikA nAmaka vRtti, ajJAta kartAoM kI evaM anajAna kAla kI tIna avacUrNiyA~, eka mantra-tantramaya avacUri, kharataragacchIya samayasundara sUri kI vRtti (IsvI 16 vIM zatAbdI), nAgapurIya tapAgaNa ke harSakIrtisUri (IsvI 16 vIM zatI antabhAga) aura tapAgacchIya siddhicandra (prAya: IsvI 17 vIM zatI prathama caraNa) kI vRttiyA~ pramukha haiM / stotra kI bhASA evaM saMghaTanA-zailI prAcIna dikhAI detI hai, jaise ki nandISeNa kA ajitazAntistava (prAya: IsvI 475-500), dvitIya pAdaliptasUri (saptama zatI) kI gAhAjuhaleNa nAmaka 4 gAthAyukta

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra saMkSipta racanA vIrastuti tathA ajJAta kartRka uvasaggaharathotta (prAya: 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI) / bhayaharastotra kI kalpanA mUlata: saMskRta meM kI gaI ho aura tatpazcAt prAkRta meM rUpAntarita karake rakha diyA ho, aisA kucha bhAsa hotA hai / AryA-chanda meM nibaddha gAthAoM meM pravAha evaM maMjulatA hai aura usakI saMskRta chAyA par3hane se mUla kI prAcInatA vizeSa prAmANita hone ke atirikta usameM mRdaMga ke dhvanisadRza anuraNanAtmaka ghoSa sunAI par3atA hai, jo mAnatuMgAcArya kI nijI zailI kI lAkSaNikatA hai / prAkRta se kI gaI saMskRta chAyA mUla chanda kA sarvAMza meM, evaM avikala, rUpa to hamezA batA nahIM sakatI; aisA sAMgopAMga nirvAha sambhava bhI nahIM hai / para varNavinyAsa aura zabda-saMkalanA kI cArutA evaM padAvalI kI sarasatA to isase spaSTa ho hI sakatI hai / (yahA~ mUla padya ke saMga-saMga usakI saMskRta chAyA tulanArtha upasthita kI gaI hai|) isa stotra meM eka-eka mahAbhaya kA svarUpa do-do gAthAoM dvArA, arthAt cAra-cAra padoM meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai aura bAda kI do upasaMhAra-gAthAoM meM pUre hI aSTa-mahAbhayoM kA nAma samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai / bhaktAmarastotra meM bhI vasantatilakA-chanda meM aSTa-mahAbhayoM ko cAra-cAra pada vAle ATha padyoM meM aura isa ke bAda Ane vAle padya meM AThoM hI mahAbhayoM ko ekatrita rUpa meM rakha diyA hai / yaha qhAsiyata bhI donoM ke racayitA eka hI kavi, arthAt prAcIna 'mAnatuMga' ke hone kA samarthana karatI hai| jaisA ki hama Age dekheMge, mahAbhayoM kA ullekha kucha aura zvetAmbara racanAoM meM bhI samAviSTa hai; lekina unameM kahIM bhI eka-eka bhaya ko svataMtra rUpa se eka-eka padya meM gumphita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yaha vizeSatA bhI uparyukta donoM stotra ke kartA, eka hI hone kI puSTi karatI hai / prA0 kApar3iyA ne isa stotra ko sAvacUrI prakaTa to kiyA hai, para usa para koI prAstAvika TippaNI yA carcA nahIM kI, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai / ThIka isI taraha munipravara caturavijaya jI ne bhI isa stotra ko mantrAmnAyavAlI avacUri saMga prakAzita kiyA, para stotra sambaddha koI khAsa parAmarza nahIM diyA, aura sArAbhAI navAba ne isa stotra ke viSaya meM jo kucha kahA hai, vaha unakI mantra-tantra ke sAhitya para rahI agAdha prIti ko sUcita karane ke alAvA aura kucha nahIM hai / isa bAre meM digambara vidvAnoM ne z2arUra kucha kahA hai, jo ciMtanIya hai aura kucha hada taka to cintAjanaka bhI / amRtalAla zAstrI likhate haiM : "..... bhaktAmarastotra ke atirikta AcArya mAnatuMga kA prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha eka 'bhayaharastotra' hai / isa stotra ke dUsare padya se satrahaveM padya taka kramaza: do-do padyoM meM kuSTha, jala, agni, sarpa, cora, siMha, gaja aura raNa ina ATha bhayoM kA ullekha hai / 'maGgalavANI' (pR0 158-163) meM mudrita isa stotra ke Upara 'namiUNastotra' aMkita hai / isa nAma kA kAraNa prArambha kA 'namiUNa' pada kA honA hai / unnIsavIM gAthA se isakA 'bhayahara' nAma siddha hotA hai| ikkIsavIM gAthA meM racayitA kA zliSTa nAma bhI diyA gayA hai|" "bhayaharastotra mAnatuMga divAkara kI kRti hai, na ki mAnatuMga sUri kI / unakA ullekha AcArya prabhAcandrasUri ne 'mAnatuGgaprabandha' (zloka 163) meM kiyA hai / isI viSaya meM mahAna vidvAn kaTAriyA ne prakAza DAlA hai / " kaTAriyA mahodaya ne jo likhA hai vaha pUrNarUpeNa isa prakAra hai : "prAkRta meM 23 gAthAtmaka eka 'bhayaharastotra' pAyA jAtA hai, jo zvetAmbaroM ke yahA~ se 'jainastotra-sandoha' dvitIya bhAga meM prakAzita huA

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bhayaharastotra hai / ise bhI mAnatuMga kI hI kRti batalAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki 'bhaktAmara-stotra' kI taraha isake bhI antima padya meM (zleSAtmaka) mAnatuGga zabda pAyA jAtA hai / 'bhaktAmarastotra' meM jisa taraha ATha bhayoM kA varNana hai, usI taraha 'bhayahara-stotra' meM bhI hai / isakI gAthA 17 meM 'raNa' bhaya ke antargata riuNarinda (ripunarendra) zabda pAyA jAtA hai unase bhaktAmarastotra ke 'aribhUpatInAM' zuddha pATha kA acchA samarthana hotA hai|" kaTAriyA jI kA yaha kathana amRtalAla jI kA samarthana karane ke bajAya donoM kRtiyoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM eka hI mAnatuGgAcArya hone kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai / dUsarI ora mAnatuMga abhidhAna dhAraNa karane vAle pRthak muniyoM kI sUcI dekara unameM se purAne sAhitya ke saptama mAnatuMga rUpa meM rakha kara unake bAre meM svanAmadhanya jyotiprasAda jI likhate haiM : "(7) bhayahara apara nAma namiUNastotra (prAkRta) ke kartA / stotra pArzvanAtha kI stuti rUpa hai aura aMtima padya meM mAnatuMga kI chApa hai / jo paDhai jo a nisuNai tANaM kaiNo ya mANatuMgassa, ise bhaktAmarakAra kI hI kRti prAya: mAna liyA gayA hai / kintu yaha anumAna mAtra hI hai|" bhaktAmara ke TIkAkAra rudrapallIya gaccha ke guNAkarasUri (IsvI0 1370) mAnate the ki bhayahara ke racayitA bhaktAmara vAle mAnatuMga hI haiM / unase pahale bhayaharastotra ke Adi TIkAkAra kharataragacchIya jinaprabhasUri (IsvI 1308) kA bhI kucha aisA hI kathana rahA hai / unase bhI kucha 41 varSa pUrva rAjagacchIya prabhAcandra (I0 1277) kA to isa viSaya meM spaSTa vidhAna hai ki vaha bhaktAmarastotrakAra mAnatuMga kI hI racanA hai aura unhoneM to usakA sarjana kaise huA, isa sambandha meM choTI sI dantakathA bhI de dI hai / yadi bhayaharastotra bhaktAmarakAra kA hai aisA "anumAnamAtra" ho to vaha anumAna na kevala Adhunika zvetAmbara evaM nirgranthetara vidvAnoM kA, varan madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara granthakartAoM kA bhI hai, jinhoMne unake sAmane rahe Anuzrutika vRttAntoM ke AdhAra para aisA likhA hogA / kaTAriyA mahodaya to usako bhaktAmarastotrakAra mAnatuMga kI hI racanA mAnane ke pakSa meM haiM, aisA spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai / isa anulakSa meM unhoMne eka pramANa apanI ora se upasthita bhI kiyA jo hama Upara dubArA dekha Aye haiM / idhara hama bhI stotra kI bhASA, zailI-lakSaNa, saMracanA tathA bhaktAmara ke aSTa-mahAbhayoM vAle padya ke saMga kucha vaicArika evaM vaidhAnika samAntaratA, aura stotra ke antarastha viziSTa chandolaya ko dekhakara usako bhaktAmarakAra kI kati mAnane meM koI bAdhA-davidhA kA anubhava nahIM karate / Akhira anagaptakAla meM do alaga-alaga mAnatuMga itanI samAnatA ke saMga vidyamAna the aisA mAnanA kaThina hai / aisA mAnane ke lie kucha Thosa aitihAsika sabUta milanA z2arUrI hai| __saMskRta rUpa meM bhayaharastotra kucha hada taka kavirAja mayUra kI zailI kA smaraNa karAtA hai, yaha tathya bhI stotra ke prAcIna hone kA samarthana karatA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM, madhyakAla meM mAnatuMga abhidhAna dhAraNa karane vAle muni yA AcArya aneka ho gaye haiM; lekina aisA ucca koTi kA stotra racane kA sAmarthya unameM nahIM ho sakatA, na hI ve aisI prAcIna zailI meM likha sakate the / ___aba rahI bhayaharakAra mAnatuMga aura kavirAja rAjazekhara kathita mAtaMga divAkara kI sAyujyati kI bAta, jisakA nirgamana rAjazekhara ke nimna padya para nirbhara hai / yathA :

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra "aho prabhAvo vAgdevyA yanmAtaGgadivAkaraH / zrIharSasyAbhavatsabhyaH samo bANamayUrayoH / / " 'mAtaMga' kA 'mAnatuMga' kara dene se rAjazekhara ke mUla padya meM chandobhaMga to ho hI jAtA hai, para 'mAtaMga' vahA~ jAtivAcaka zabda (smazAnapAla cANDAla jaisI jAti) ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai aura 'divAkara' kavi kA nijI abhidhAna rahA hai; vaha 'siddhasena divAkara' meM hai isa taraha biruda ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / yadi mAnatuMga ko 'divAkara' kahA jAya to vahA~ vaha unakA biruda bana jAyegA, jo kisI bhI srota se samarthita nahIM / rAjazekhara ke samaya meM harSa kI sabhA ke sadasya mAne jAne vAle 'mAtaMga divAkara' ko bhayaharastotrakAra mAnatuMga batAne ke liye na koI pramANa hai na koI yukti / yaha korI kalpanA mAtra hai| hameM to bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMga aura bhayaharakAra mAnatuMga eka hI vyakti, eka hI kavi rahe hoM, aisA dikhAI detA hai / hA~, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM pracalita 35 gAthA meM nibaddha bhattibbharathotta apara nAma 'paJcaparameTThiyotta' ke kartA mAnatuMga, Upara kathita mAnatuMga nahIM ho sakate / yadyapi 15vIM zatI evaM bAda kI zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyA~ (aura bhaktAmara ke TIkAkAra guNAkara ne bhI) yaha stotra bhaktAmarakAra evaM bhayaharakAra mAnatuMga kA mAna liyA hai, parantu unake pUrvakAlIna prabhAvakacaritakAra ne mAnatuMga kI kRtiyoM meM usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / vastutayA bhattibbharathotta madhyama koTi kI racanA hai, aura vaha aneka madhyakAlIna muhAvaroM se, AdatoM se, bharA par3A hai / vaha kisI anya, madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara mAnatuMgasUri kI racanA hai, jisake bAre meM Age (pariziSTa meM) kucha gaura kiyA jAyegA / kApar3iyAjI ne kisI 17vIM zatI kI digambara paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para 'cintAmaNikalpa' mAnatuMgAcArya kA mAnA jAtA hai, aisA likhA hai; para vaha eka pUrNarUpeNa tAntrika stotra hai aura kApar3iyA jI bhI kahate haiM ki vaha mAnatuMga kA na hote hue atirikta isI nAmadhArI kisI anya mAnatuMga ke ziSya dharmaghoSa kI racanA hai / ye mAnatuMga bhI koI madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara muni haiM, jinake gacchAdi kA bhattibbharakAra mAnatuMga kI taraha patA nahIM hai / digambara sampradAya meM upasargaharastotra mAnatuMga kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai / kintu usameM kahIM bhI mAnatuMga kI mudrA nahIM hai / dUsarI ora zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vaha Arya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai, vaha bhI bhArI bhrama hai / na Arya bhadrabAha mAntrika the aura na hI stotra kI bhASA-zailI tIsarI zatAbdI IsA pUrva kI hai / sva0 munivara puNyavijayajI ne madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para inako varAhamihira kA bhrAtA mAnakara upasargaharastotra ke kartA evaM "dvitIya bhadrabAhu" (IsvI chaThI zatI pUrvArdha) ke rUpa meM rakha diyA hai / lekina bhadrabAhu kA to stotra meM nAmonizAna nahIM hai aura stotra ke prathama padya ke Arambha meM pArzva yakSa kA jo ullekha sannihita hai vaha usako 8 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kI hI racanA hone kA pramANa detA hai12 / tIrthaMkaro ke yakSa-yakSiyoM kA vibhAva IsvI navama-dazama zataka ke pUrva na to kahIM sAhitya meM ullikhita hai3, na hI zilpa-kaMDAra (Sculptural carving) meM milatA hai / mahArASTrI-prAkRta meM pA~ca gAthAoM meM racI huI yaha kRti kisI madhya-kAla ke Arambha ke ajJAta zvetAmbara kartA kI hai, jo nAgaviSa aura rogAdi sAdhAraNa saMkaTa (duSTa graha, mahAmArI, jvarAdi) ke nivAraNa ke bhAva

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bhayaharastotra ko lekara banAyA gayA hai / zrutAjJA - utthApaka zvetAmbara caityavAsI sAdhugaNa usa kAla meM aisI racanAe~ karane meM kAfI dilacaspI dikhAte the / isa stotra para kI gaI sabhI prAcInatama TIkAe~ zvetAmbaroM kI racI huI dikhAI detI haiN| do bhinna kartAoM kI mantrAmnAya vAlI prAyaH 12vIM zatAbdI kI TIkAe~ prakAzita bhI ho cukI haiM" / TippaNiyA~ : 1. pra0 ca0, pR0 117 tathA kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara, pR0 4. 2. kApaDiyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 5. 3. kApaDiyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 225-236. 4. jainastotrasandohaH, dvitIyo vibhAgaH, ahamadAbAda 1936, pR0 14-30. 5. pUrvAcArya0 pR0 8-10. " 6. bha0 sto0, pR0 9-10. 7. vahI, pR0 10. 8. jai0 ni0 10, pR0 335. 9. sa0 bha0 20, pR0 35. 10. isa mudde para yahA~ "pariziSTa" aMtargata UhApoha kiyA gayA hai / 11. mUla stotra ke lie dekhiye " zrIcintAmaNikalpa," jaina stotra sandoha, bhAga 2, saM0 muni caturavijaya, ahamadAbAda 1932, pR0 34. 12. qarIba eka dazaka pUrva prathama saMpAdaka ne apane vArANasI sthita makAna para paM0 mAlavaNiyA jI ko isa viSaya para apanA vicAra darzAyA thA, aura isake AdhAra para aura stotra kI zailI evaM vastu ko dekhakara uvasaggara navama dazama zataka pUrva kI kRti na hone kA pramANa diyA thaa| usa moke para DA0 sAgaramala jaina bhI upasthita the / bAda meM DA0 jaina ne yaha vastu apane kisI prakAzana meM nijI zodha ke rUpa meM lI thI aisA smaraNa hai| 83 13. hameM jJAta hai vahAM taka tIrthaMkaro ke yakSa-yakSIoM kA prathamollekha tRtIya pAdalipta sUri kRta nirvAkakalikA (prAya: IsvI 10 zataka tRtIya pahara) aMtargata milatA hai, aura zilpa meM usakA aMkana sarva prathama devagar3ha ke prAyaH IsvI 873 meM bane mukhya jinAlaya meM dekhane ko milatA hai / 14. eka hai zrIcandrAcArya kI laghuvRtti pR0 67-76, aura dUsarI hai dvija pArzvadeva viracita laghuvRtti, jaina stotra sandoha 2, pR0 1-13. - : dekhie jainastotrasandohaH prathamo bhAgaH, ahamadAbAda 1932, "ga-pariziSTa, "

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6 bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya nirgrantha darzana meM arhat, jina, kevalI evaM muktAtmA - siddhAtmA ko kaSAya evaM vAMchAdi se pare mAnA gayA hai / isI vajaha se ve anugraha karane ke lie yA abhizApa dene ke lie samartha nahIM haiM / inake lie " roSa" yA "prasAda" saMbhava nahIM / inakA guNAnuvAdayukta samutkIrtana kevala apanI manaH zuddhi, cittavizuddhi, Atmazuddhi evaM kuzala pariNAma ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai, jisase karmakSaya hotA hai, lAbha hotA hai, aisA saiddhAntika - tArkika dRSTikoNa rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika yA paurANika deva - deviyoM kI stuti ityAdi meM jo sAMsArika sukhaprApti aura du:khanivAraNa se jur3I huI kAmanA aura yAcanA kI jAtI hai, vaha vastu prAcInatara nirgrantha stavanoM meM prAyaH dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / parantu bhaktAmara stotra ke ATha kAvyoM (34-41 ) meM jinendra ke nAmakIrtana se aSTaprakAra ke mahAbhaya dUra hote haiM, yA una para kAbU pAyA jAtA hai, aisI varNanA milatI hai / isakA samAdhAna itanA hI hai ki vahA~ tIrthaMkara ko kucha karane ke lie bAdhya kI jAne vAlI prArthanA na hote hue kevala unake maMgalamaya nAmasmaraNa ke prabhAva se, unake pAda-paMkaja ke dhyAna mAtra se, bhaya kA vilopa ho jAtA hai aisA kahA gayA hai, itanA hI mAnA gayA hai / vahA~ kahIM bhI bhaya dUra karane kI abhyarthanA nahIM kI gayI hai / isalie isa prakAra kI stuti nirgrantha siddhAnta ke pratikUla nahIM hai / bhaktAmara kathita ye ATha mahAbhaya haiM--duSTa gaja, hariNAdhipa (siMha), dAvAnala, phaNidhara, arirAjasainya, tUphAnI samaMdara, jalodara aura lauhabandhana / mAnatuMgAcArya kI anya kRti bhayaharastotra meM kucha kramabheda se aura nAmAntara tathA prakArAntara se, ATha meM se chaha bhaya to vahI haiM jo pUrva kRti meM haiM; parantu do bhaya meM pharka hai / yahA~ lauha - jaMjIra ke bandhana ke sthAna para 'aTavI' diyA hai aura jalodara ke sthAna para kuSTharoga, yathA-- kuSTha mahAroga, tUphAnI samaMdara, vanadAha, bhujaMga, bhilla - taskara puliMda - zArdUla vyApta aTavI, kupita siMha, madonmatta hAthI aura samara / aSTa-mahAbhaya ke sandarbha meM digambara vidvad - vibhUtiyoM dvArA koI khAsa vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, na hI nirgranthetara vidvAnoM ne isa viSaya para koI TippaNI kI hai / zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM bhI kevala prA0 kApar3iyA hI akele vidvAn haiM jinhoMne anya racanAoM meM jahA~-jahA~ unako aSTa mahAbhaya viSayaka sAmagrI milI, tulanArtha prastuta kiyA thA, jo upayukta hone se yahA~ unakI prastAvanAoM se lI jAyegI, aura hameM jo cAra-pA~ca vizeSa sandarbha mile haiM ve bhI peza kiye jAyeMge / kApar3iyA jI ne sabase pahale samavAyAMgasUtra ( vartamAna saMkalana I0 sa0 353) ke antargata saptama samavAya meM Ane vAle sAta 'bhayasthAnaka' kI bAta kI hai; ve bhayasthAna isa prakAra haiM- ihaloka, paraloka, AdAna, akasmAt, AjIva, maraNa aura apakIrti / mUlapATha isa prakAra hai

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bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya "" satta bhayaTThANA pannatA, jahA -- ihalogabhae, paralogabhae, AdAnabhae, akamahAbhae, AjIvabhae ( vA vedanAbhaye), maraNabhae, Asilogabhae / " Agamakathita ina saptamahAbhayasthAna se bhaktAmara - bhayahara kathita aSTa- mahAbhaya prAyaH bhinna haiM aura pIchalI kRti meM diye gaye saba vizeSatara laukika haiM / mAnatuMgAcArya ke bAda bhadrakIrti sUri ke zAradAstavana (prAyaH IsvI 775-800) ke navama padya meM zrutadevatA sarasvatI kI upAsanA se dvirada (hAthI), kesari (siMha), mAri, bhujaMga (sA~pa ), asahana (zatru), taskara (cora), rAja (rAjA - prerita) aura roga kA bhaya nahIM hotA hai / yathA dviradakesarimAribhujaGgamAsahanataskararAjarujAM bhayam / tavaguNAvaligAnataraGgiNAM na bhavinAM bhavati zrutadevate ! / / 9 / / (yahA~ jina ke sthAna para zrutadevatA hai, zAyada isalie kApar3iyA jI ne yaha ullekha chor3a diyA ho / ) navamI zatI meM dekhA jAya to kRSNarSi ke ziSya jayasiMha sUri kA dharmopadezamAlA - vivaraNa ( I0 sa0 859) aMtargata aSTa mahAbhaya kA nahI kintu saptabhayasthAna kA ullekha huA hai / 85 raNe vane zatru - jalAgni madhye, mahArNave parvata mastake vA / suptaM pramattaM viSaya sthitaM vA, rakSanti puNyAni purAkRtAni // aura usI kAla kA dUsarA eka aura dRSTAnta bhI milA hai / nivRtti kula ke mAnadeva sUri-ziSya zIlAcArya ke caupanna - mahApurisacariya ( IsvI 869 ) antargata "pAsasAmicariya" meM devendra dvArA kI gaI stuti meM bhI mahAbhayoM kA ullekha huA hai / yathA : iya hari kari - sihi - phaNi-cora - (kAra) - jalaNihi- pisAya-raNa- rogaM / Na Narasa jAyai bhayaM tuha calaNapaNAmaNirayassa / / 339 / / zIlAcArya ke pazcAt zobhanamuni kI stuticaturviMzatikA ( IsvI 10vIM kA anta yA 11vIM zatI kA AraMbha ) meM 83 veM padya meM bhI bhayASTaka ullikhita haiM, yathA jalavyAla vyAghra jvalanagajarug bandhanayudho / gururvAho'pAtApadaghana garIyA na sumataH / kRtAntasrAsiSTa sphuTavikaTa hetu pramitabhAgururvAdo'pAtA padaghanagarIyAnasumataH // 83 //

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86 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra yahA~ jala, vyAla (sarpa), vyAghra (zera ), jvalana (Aga), gaja, roga, bandhana aura yuddha isa prakAra aSTa-mahAbhaya batAyA gayA hai / inameM se sAta to prAyaH mAnatuMgAcArya kI kRtiyoM meM milate haiM, lekina siMgha kI jagaha zera kA jikra hai jisako prakArAntara hI mAnanA ThIka hogA / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM upalabdha eka prAcIna prAkRta ukti meM jina ko kiye gaye namaskAra se tatkSaNa dUra hone vAle aSTabhaya kI isa prakAra ginatI kI gaI hai / vyAdhi (roga), jala, Aga, hari (siMha), hAthI, cora, yuddha aura sarpa' / yathA : vAhi-jala-jalaNa- hari kari - takkara - saMgAma - visahara - bhayAiM / nAsaMti takkhaNaM jiNanavakArappabhAveNa / / mAnadevasUri ke prasiddha laghuzAntistava ( prAyaH IsvI 11vIM zatI tRtIya caraNa) meM bhI mahAbhayoM kA ullekha karane vAlA padya hai / yathA : salilA'nala- viSa- viSadhara - duSTagraha - rAjarogaraNabhayataH / rAkSasa-ripugaNamArI-cauretizvApadAdibhyaH / / yahA~ ATha ke sthAna para prAya: dvAdaza bhaya ginAyA gayA hai / yathA jala, agni, viSa, sarpa, duSTagraha, rAjaroga (kSaya), raNa (yuddha), rAkSasa, ripugaNa, mahAmArI, cora aura zvApada ( siMha, bAgha Adi) / mAnadevasUri ke kucha hI dazaka bAda kharataragacchIya jinavallabhasUri ke prAkRta meM nibaddha ajitazAntistava (prAya: IsvI 1075 - 1990) meM bhI ATha vizeSa bhayoM kA ullekha hai" / sandarbhagata donoM jinoM ke kIrtana prabhAva se unake zamana kI bAta kahI gaI hai / arikariharitiNDupahaMpucorAhIvAdI samara'maramArIrudakhuddopasagA / palayamajiyasaMtI kittaNe jhatti jaMtI niviDataramohA bhakkharAluMkhi avva / / uparokta jinavallabhari ke ziSya jinadattasUri ke lalitasundara ajitazAntistavana ( prAya: IsvI 11925) ke aSTama padya meM bhI aneka prakAra ke bhaya kA prAkaTya jinadvaya kI stuti se nahIM hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai / yathA : tRSNoSNe na payo na mArirapi na dvIpI na dantI ca no siMho na jvalano na pannagabhavA bhItirna bhUtAstu na / zAkinyo na vinAyakA na tu viSaM nArAtayo nAjayo na kSetrAdhipagotrapAH pratibhayaM kurvanti tostauti ( tau stauti ) yaH / / ThIka isI taraha ajJAta karttA ke adyAvadhi aprakaTa AdinAthamahAprabhAvakastavana (prAya: isvI 12vIM zatI) ke 34 veM padya meM bhI aneka bhayoM kA nAza paJcaparameSThi padoM ko raTane se ho jAtA hai 12 / yathA :

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bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya saGgrAmasAgarakaskarIndra bhujaMga siMha - durvyAdhivahniripubandhana saMbhavAni / cauragrahabhramanizAcarazAkinInAM nazyanti paJcaparameSThipadairbhayAni / / parantu ajJAtagacchIya ajitasiMhasUrikRta pArzvastotra (prAya: 12 vIM zatAbdI) ke pA~caveM padya meM ATha hI bhaya kA ullekha hai13 / ripucoramahIpAla-zAkinI bhUta sambhavAm / araNyaM dehijAM bhIti hanti baddhabhujAdiSu / / isake alAvA ajJAta zvetAmbarakartA ke prAkRta meM nibaddha arNahAstotra (zAyada IsvI 12vIM zatI) meM cora, sAvaja (zvApada,siMhAdi), sarpa, jala, Aga, zatabandhana, rAkSasa, raNa aura rAjabhaya isa prakAra nau bhayoM kA ullekha hai | yathA : nAser3a cora sAvaya visahara jala jalaNa baMdhaNa sayAI / ciMtijaMto rakkhasa raNa rAyabhayAiM bhAveNa / / kulaprabhasUri kA mantrAdhirAjakalpa (prAya: IsvI 1200-1225) meM bhI mahAbhaya kA nivAraNa (pArzvanAtha ke nAmasmaraNa se) ho jAtA hai aisA kahA gayA hai / nArina harina karI nAhirnAgnirna sAgaro na gadaH / na mApatirna dasyurna rujA nAkAlamaraNamapi / / 7 / / tasya bhayAya prabhavati hRdaye jAgarti yasya pArzvezaH / pavaneritAmbudA iva kintvete jhaTiti vighaTante / / 8 / / tapAgacchIya dharmakIrtigaNi (pazcAt dharmaghoSasUri) kRta prAkRta-nibaddha zatrujayakalpa (prAya: IsvI 1264) ke 37 veM padya meM prastuta tIrtha kI saMstavanA se naSTa hone vAle jala, agni, jaladhi, raNa, vana, hari, kari, viSa aura viSadhara isa taraha ATha duSTa bhaya ginAye haiM / yathA : jala jalaNa jalahi raNa vaNa hari kari visa visadharAi duSTabhayaM / nAsai jaM nAma suI taM sittuMjayamahAtitthaM / / 37 / / alAvA isake aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri (IsvI 13vIM zatAbdI tRtIya-caturtha caraNa) ke saMskRta bhASA nibaddha jIrApallI-pArzvastotra meM kAvyamaya bhASA meM aneka bhayoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yathA : garAdhmAtadarpAH prasarpanti sarpA, na marmAvidho bhUbhujAM vA'pasarpAH / nibaddhAvanIvigrahAH kugrahA vA, dhanocchRGkhalA no khalA duSTabhAvAH / /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra sphuTaM caurikA vRtti zUrA na caurAH, kSudhAgrastalokAH samAnApiraurA / yamasyeva dUtAH prabhUtAna bhUtA, na dehe'pi rogAziraM vA'nubhUtAH / / madonmattakopoddhurAH sindhurA vA, na ca vyAghrasiMhA mahAghorarAvAH / na dAvAnalA bhUrijihmaH karAlA, na vA''ttaGkadA vArddhikallolamAlAH / / mahAkopakAmAnalA bhUmipAlAH sazastrA na yodhAH kalau bhImapAlAH / purastasya pIDAharAH zuddhavarNA, vibho ! yena japtA bhavannAmavarNAH / / mahAbhaya ke viSaya meM prA0 kApar3iyA ne uttara - madhyakAla kI bhI aneka zvetAmbara kRtiyoM kA soddharaNa ullekha kiyA hai / vaha pramANa meM arvAcIna hone se yahA~ unameM se pUre uddharaNa na dekara karttA, stotra evaM racanAkAla ke bAre meM batAkara chor3a deMge / inameM jinaprabhasUri kA paJcaparameSThistotra (prAya: IsvI 1300-1325) AJcalika merutuMgAcArya kA pArzvastotra ( prAyaH IsvI 14vIM zatAbdI caturtha caraNa), ajJAtakarttRka pArzvastotra ( zAyada 15vIM zatAbdI), tapAgacchIya munisuMdarasUri kRta adhyAtmakalpadruma (IsvI 15vIM zatAbdI prathama caraNa), tapAgacchIya ratnamaMdiragaNi kRta upadezataraMgiNI (15vIM zatI tRtIya caraNa) aura lokAgacchIya khemakarNa kA gujarAtI bhASA meM racA gayA pArzvanAthachanda ( prAya: 17vIM zatAbdI) ityAdi / inameM se upadezataraMgiNI meM 14 aura adhyAtmakalpadruma meM 16 bhayoM kA ullekha hai" / ( isake alAvA khaMDillagacchIya bhAvadeva ke pArzvanAthacarita ( IsvI 1355 ) meM bhI aSTabhayanivAraNa kA bhayoM ke nAma sameta ullekha abhI-abhI hamAre dekhane meM AyA hai" / ) 88 ina laukika bhayoM kA tIrthaMkara ke ( bhAvapUrvaka kiye gaye ) nAmasmaraNa mAtra se ho jAne vAle vilopana kI vibhAvanA asala meM mAnatuMgAcArya se bhI purAtana hai aura nirgrantha stotra - sAhitya meM usakA sabase prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa ullekha siddhasena divAkara kI parAtmAdvAtriMzikA ( dvAtriMzikA kramAMka 21 ) ke antargata milatA hai / aura yaha ullekha kApar3iyAjI ne nahIM kiyA hai / bhujaMgaprayAta - vRtta meM nibaddha stuti meM vahA~ yaha 25vA~ padya hai / kala vyAla vahni graha vyAdhi caura vyathA vAraNa- vyAghra - vidhyAdivighnAH / yadAjJA juSAM yugminAM jAtu na syuH sa ekaH parAtmA gatirme jinendraH / / isase siddha hotA hai ki siddhasena jaise dArzanika kavi bhI bhaktibhAvAveza meM Akara, likhate the to aSTa mahAbhaya jaisI laukika bhAvanA ko bhI sugrathita varNamaitrI, suramya prAsAnuprAsa - antaraprAsAdi ghoSAtmaka evaM sphoTAtmaka zabdAvalI ke bandha meM gumphita kara dete the / Upara kI carcA kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki mahAbhayoM kI saMkhyA prAraMbha meM ATha hI rahI thI, bAda meM usameM kramazaH vardhana hotA rahA hai / aSTa- mahAbhayoM ke samUha meM vividha racanAoM meM bhI adhikatara bhaya kucha bhinna bhI the / mAnatuMgAcArya ke sAmane siddhasena vAlI aSTa- mahAbhayoM kI paraMparA na hokara samAna,

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bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya koI dUsarI hI rahI hai aura bAda vAloM ne ina donoM ke AdhAra se atirikta apane-apane samaya meM pracalita bhayoM kA AbhidhAnika rUpa samAviSTa kiyA / (yadi hama vartamAna meM upasthita bhayoM kI ginatI karane kA prayAsa kareM to kaI bIsoM meM vaha saMkhyA bana sakatI hai / ) kApar3iyA jI ne yadyapi koI carcA aSTamahAbhaya aura usase tAraNa kI kalpanA ke viSaya meM nahIM kI hai, phira bhI socA jAya to prathama dRSTi se hI vaha nirgrantha-darzana ke antargata huI ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / uttara kI paramparA ke AgamoM meM to kyA, vRttyAdi evaM Agamika cUrNi sAhitya meM bhI usakA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / dAkSiNAtya paripATI ke AgamasthAnIya yA Agamatulya sAhitya, dhavalA ( prAyaH IsvI 816), jayadhavalA ( prAya: IsvI 837) jaisI mahatI TIkAoM, harivaMzapurANa ( IsvI 788), AdipurANa ( IsvI 837 pazcAt ) tathA uttarapurANa (IsvI 850 bAda) jaise prAcIna purANoM meM bhI nahIM / na hI koI ullekha varAMgacarita ( IsvI 7vIM zatI) meM aura bAda kI mahattvapUrNa caritAtmaka racanAoM meM milatA / isakA srota yA to koI brAhmaNIya yA bauddha hI ho sakatA hai / mahAyAnika sampradAyoM meM bodhisattva ko mahAkaruNAnidhAna mAnA gayA hai aura IsvI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI meM unake 'avalokitezvara' nAmaka svarUpa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, jisakA sammUrta pramANa prAya: IsvI paMcama zatI ke AkhirI prahara meM khode gaye ajantA ke layanamandiroM meM aura tatpazcAt anuvAkATaka yuga ke kRSNagiri ( kanherI), elApura ( ilorA ) evaM auraMgAbAda ke aise hI guhA - mandiroM meM aura usake bAda pUrva bhArata meM kaliMga deza evaM baMga-magadha ke madhyakAla ke zilpoM meM bahutAyata hai / inameM se kucha aise haiM jo aSTamahAbhayatrANa ke prasaMgacitroM se parivRtta haiM / mahAyAna paramparA kA prasiddha grantha saddharmapuNDarIka hI zAyada aisA prathama grantha hai, jahA~ avalokitezvara ke nAmasmaraNa mAtra se naSTa hone vAle prAya: dvAdaza bhayoM ke bAre meM stutyAtmaka padya kucha apane hI DhaMga kI saMskRta bhASA meM banAye gaye haiM / yathA : saci annikhadAya pAtayet ghatanArthAya praduSTamAnasaH / smarato avalokitezvaraM abhiSikto iva agni zAmyati / / 5 / / saci sAgaradurgi pAtayennAgamakarasurabhUta Alaye / smarato avalokitezvaraM jalarAje na kadApi sIdatI / / 6 / / 89 saci merutalAtu pAtayed ghatanArthAya praduSTamAnasaH / smarato avalokitezvaraM sUryabhUto va nabhe pratiSThati / / 7 / / vajrAmaya parvato yadi ghatanArthAya hi mUrdhni oSaret / smarato avalokitezvaraM romakUpa na prabhonti hiMsitum / / 8 / / saci zatrugaNaiH parIvRtaH zastrahastairvihiMsacetasaiH / smarato avalokitezvaraM maitracitra tad bhonti tatkSaNam / / 9 / / saci Aghatane upasthito vadhyaghAtana vazaMgato bhavet / smarato avalokitezvaraM khaNDakhaNDa tad zastra gacchiyuH / / 10 / /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra saci dArumayairayomayairhaDinigaDairiha baddha bandhanaiH / smarato avalokitezvaraM kSiprameva vipaTanti bandhanA / / 11 / / mantrAvalavidya auSadhI bhUtavetAla zarIranAzakA / smarato avalokitezvaraM tAn gacchanti yata: pravartitA / / 12 / / saci ojiharaiH parIvRto nAgayakSasurabhUtarAkSasaiH / / smarato avalokitezvaraM romakUpa na prabhonti hiMsitum / / 13 / / saci vyADamRgaiH parIvRtastIkSNa daMSTranakharairmahAbhayaiH / / smarato avalokitezvaraM kSipra gacchanti dizA anantata: / / 14 / / saci dRSTiviSaiH parIvRto jvalanArcizikhiduSTadAruNaiH / smarato avalokitezvaraM kSiprameva te bhonti nirviSAH / / 15 / / gambhIra savighu nizcarI meghavajrAzani vAriprasravAH / smarato avalokitezvaraM kSiprameva prazamanti tatkSaNam / / 16 / / (bauddha sAhitya ke vidvAnoM ne isa pATha kA samaya IsvI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda kA nahIM mAnA hai / ) avalokitezvara atirikta mahAyAnika sampradAya meM tArA bhagavatI kI aSTabhaya se mukta karAne vAlI zakti ke rUpa meM stuti evaM sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, aura avalokitezvara kI taraha unakA bhI mahAbhayatAriNI ke rUpa meM prAcIna zilpo meM aMkana huA hai23 / devI tArA ko sambodhita aneka stotroM meM kazmIra ke bauddha kavi evaM sAdhaka sarvajJamitra kA sragdharAstotra (prAya: 8vIM zatI pUrvArdha) bahuta hI prasiddha hai / dhArAvAhI, zaktipUta aura parama tejasvI isa stotra ke aSTamahAbhayatrANa-sambaddha padyoM ko yahA~ peza kareMge / kalpAntoddhAntavAtabhramitajalacalallolakallola helA / saMkSobhotkSiptavelAtaTavikaTacaTat sphoTamoTThATTahAsAt / majadbhirbhinnanaukaiH sakaruNaruditA krandaniSpanda mandaiH / svacchandaM devi sadyastvadabhinutiparastIramuttIryate'bdheH / / 10 / / dhUmrabhrAntAbhragarbhodbhavagagana gRhotsaGgariGgatsphuliGga / sphUrjajjvAlAkarAlajvalanajavavizadvezmavizrAntazayyAH / tvayyAbaddhapraNAmAJjalipuTamukuTA gadgadodgItayAcJAH / prodyadvidyudvilAsojjvalajaladajavairAdhriyante kSaNena / / 11 / / dAnAmbhaH pUryamANobhayakaTakaTakAlambirolambamAlA / hUGkArAhUyamAna pratigajajanita dveSavaTerdvipasya /

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bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya dantAntottuGgadolAtalatulitatanustvAmanusmRtya mRtyu / pratyAcaSTe prahRSTaH pRthuzikharaziraH koTikoTTopaviSTaH / / 12 / / prauDhaprAsaprahAraprahatanaraziraH zUlavallyutsavAyAM / zUnyATavyAM karAgragrahavilasadasi spheTakasphItadarpAn / dasyUn dAsye niyuGkte samRkuTi kuTila bhrUkaTAkSekSitAkSA~ / cintAlekhanyakhinnasphuTalikhitapadaM nAma dhAmazriyAM te / / 13 / / vajrakrUraprahAraprakharanakhamukhotkhAtamattebhakumbha / zcyotatsAndrAsradhautasphuTavikaTasaTAsaGkaTaskandhasandhiH / kradhyannApitsurArAdupari mRgaripustIkSNadaMSTrotkaTAsya / strasyannAvRtya yAti tvaducitaracitastotradigdhArthavAcaH / / 14 / / dhUmAvartAndhakArAkRtivikRtaphaNiskAra phUtkArapUra / vyApAravyAptavaktrasphura durUrasanArajjukInAza pAzaiH / pApAtsaMbhUya bhUyastava guNagaNanA tatparastvatparAtmA / dhatte mattAlimAlAvalayakuvalayasragvibhUSAM vibhUtim / / 15 / / bharturbhUbhedabhItodbhaTakaTakabhaTAkRSTaduHzliSTa kezazaJcadvAcATaceTotkaTaraTitakaTugranthipAzopagUDhaH / kSuttRTkSAmopakaNThastyajati sa sapadi vyApadaM tAM durantAM yo yAyAdAryatArA caraNazaraNatAM snigdhabandhUjjhito'pi / / 16 / / mAyAnirmANakarmakramakRtavikRtAnekanepathyamizyA rUpArambhAnurUpapraharaNakiraNADambaroDDAmarANi / tvattantroddhAryamantrasmRtihRtaduritasyAvahatya pradRSyAM pretaprotAntratantrI nicayaviracitasraJji rakSAMsi rakSAm / / 17 / / paurANika darzana meM bhI aSTa-mahAbhayoM se rakSA kI bhAvanA vyakta karane vAle kucha stotra haiM / mArkaNDeyapurANa ke "devImAhAtmya" khaNDa (prAya: IsvI chaThI zatI) meM se aisA eka padya-samUha ullekhanIya hai5 - araNye prAntare vApi dAvAgni parivAritaH / dasyubhirvA vRtaH zUnye gRhito vApi zatrubhiH / / siMha vyAghrAnuyAto vA vane vA vanahastibhiH / rAjJAkruddhena cAjJapto vadhyo bandhagato'pi vA / / AghurNito vA vAtena sthitaH pote mahArNave / patatsu vApi zastreSu saMgrAme bhRzadAruNe / /

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92 sarvavAdhAsu ghorAsu vedanAbhyardito'pi vA / smaraNamamaitaccaritaM naro mucyeta saMkaTAt / / mA0 pu0, de0 mA0, "uttara caritraM,' 12.26-29 kApar3iyA jI ne ajJAta zaiva karttA ke zivakavacastotra (zAyada prAkU madhyakAlIna yA anuguptakAlIna) meM se bhaya nivAraNa ke viSaya ko lekara eka padya uTTaMkita kiyA hai 26 / yathA : nihanta dasyUna pralayAnalArcirjavala trizUlaM tripurAntakasya / zArdUlasiMharkSavRkAdihiMsrAn sannAsayanta vIrAdhanuH pinAkaH / / zivakavaca - 28 - mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra vizeSa khoja karane se paurANikAdi vAGgamaya meM se aise aura bhI padya, daNDaka yA kaMDikAoM kA mila jAnA saMbhava hai / " tArA ko aSTa- mahAbhayoM se trANa karane vAlI zakti mAnane ke pIche Upara kathita "devImAhAtmya" kA prabhAva hogA yA nahIM, kahanA muzkila hai / lekina bhadrakIrti ke zAradAstavana meM sarasvatI ko aSTa prakAra kI bhItI se mukta karAne vAlI zakti ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai, usake pIche ina donoM meM se kisI eka paramparA kA prabhAva rahA ho aisA saMbhavita hai / aisA lagatA hai ki bauddhoM ke yA purANamArgI brAhmaNIya paraMparA ke athavA ina donoM ke paricaya se uttara kI mukhya nirgrantha-dhArA meM stuti stotrAdi meM jinendra kA nAma aSTa- mahAbhaya nivAraka hai, aisI kalpanA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA / sArthavAhoM ko yAtrA ke daramiyAna apane sArthoM kI salAmatI kI bahuta cintA rahatI thI / aisI sthiti meM una yugoM meM devasahAya kI AvazyakatA apane Apa saMbhavita bana gaI hogI / kucha mAnavIya stara ke rakSA prabandha to avazya rahe hoMge, phira bhI aise bhayAkula yAtrA - pravAsoM meM upadravoM, saMkaTo ke zamana ke lie usa yuga meM devaprArthanA aura usa para ananya zraddhA ke sivA aura koI taraNopAya bhI zAyada nahIM rahA hogA / TippaNiyA~ : 1. siddhAtmA ko Izvara kI taraha karttArUpa meM nahIM mAnA gayA / vaha kevala jJAtA, draSTA hI hai / 2. bAda ke, madhyakAla meM kabhI kabhI, upacAra se, jina devatA saMkaTa ko dUra karatA hai aisA ullekha mila jAtA hai / 3. yahA~ isa sambaddha meM bhayaharastotra ke padya 10- 17 dekha sakateM hai / 4. ThANaMgasuttaM samavAyAMga suttaM ya, jaina Agama granthamALA, ganthAGka 3, saM0 muni jambUvijaya, muMbaI 1985, sUtra 549, pR0 224. ( anya AvRttioM meM paMcama bhayasthAna meM bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai 5. hI0 ra0 kApar3iyA, caturviMzatikA, Agamodaya samiti, muMbaI 1926, pR0 183. 6. prAkRta grantha pariSada, granthAGka 3, saM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, vArANasI /

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bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara ke aSTamahAbhaya 93 7. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 7, dekhie vahA~ diyA gayA uddharaNa / 8. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "bhUmikA," pR0 7. 9. vahI. 10. dekhie pUrvAcArya viracita: zrI saptasmaraNastavaH, zrI jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaNDa (surata), granthAGka 46, surata 1942, pR0 18. 11. jainastotrasandoha, prathamo bhAgaH, saM0 caturavijaya muni, prAcIna (jaina) sAhityoddhAra granthAvalI, prathama puSpa, amadAvAda 1932, pR0 201. 87. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Government Manuscripts Library, Jain Literature and Philosophy, Vol. XIX, Sec. 1, (Hymnology) Part 1, p. 45. 13. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "prastAvanA," pR0 18. 14. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "bhUmikA,' pR0 7. 15. dekhie jainastotrasandoha, prathamo bhAgaH, saM0 caturavijaya muni, prAcIna (jaina) sAhityoddhAra ganthAvalI, ahamadAbAda 1932, pR0 117, tathA kApar3iyA, "prastAvanA", bhaktAmara0, pR0 18. 16. dekhie sittuMja-kappo, saM0 lAbhasAgara gaNi, AgamoddhAragranthamAlA, ratna 41, kapaDavaMja vi0 saM0 2026 (IsvI 1970), pR0 129. 17. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "prastAvanA," pR0 18-19. 18. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 7; vahA~ adhyAtmakalpadruma meM se uddharaNa diyA gayA hai / 19. dekhie pArzvanAthacaritram, saM0 paM0 haragoviMdadAsa - paM0 becaradAsa, zrIyazovijayajainagranthamAlA 32 , vArANasI vI0 saM0 2438 (IsvI 1911). 20. Siddhasena Divakara's Nyayavatara and his works, Ed. A. N. Upadhye, Bombay 1971, p. 169. 21. G. Yazdani, The Rock-Hewn Temples of Aurangabad : Their Sculpture and Architecture, London 1937, Fig.6, (Temple 7, Aurangabad). 22. Cf. Debel Mitra Astamahibhiya- Tara', Journal of the Asiatic Society (Calcutta) Vol. XXIII, No. 1, 1957, pp. 19-22 and Plates I-III; and R. Sengupta "A Scuptural representation of Tara at Ellora", Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Vol. V (1955-57), pp. 12-15. 23. Saddharmapundarikasutta, Ed. P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts - No. 6, ___Darbhanga 1960, pp. 253-256. 24. dekhie bauddha stotra saMgraha, Vol. I, Calcutta 1908, tathA bauddhastotrasaMgraha, saM0 janArdana zAstrI pANDeya, dillI 1994, pR0 89-90. 25. D. C. Bhattacharya, "An Unknown Form of Tara", in The Sakti Cult and Tara, Ed. D.C. Sircar, pp. 138,139. 26. kApar3iyA, "stotrayuganuM tulanAtmaka paryAlocana," bhaktAmara0, pR0 30, 31.

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stotrakartA kA samaya ___ mAnatuMgasUri ke samaya ke viSaya meM aba taka koI nirNaya nahIM ho pAyA / kvakenabaoNsa mahodaya ne (saMbhavata: zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para) unakA samaya IsvI 300 ke Asa-pAsa mAna liyA thA', kintu jo kathAe~ unako ujjayinI ke bhoja kA samakAlika kahatI haiM, vaha unheM sahasA IsvI 11vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM rakha detI haiM / parantu vidvAnoM ke abhiprAyoM meM sarasarI taura para mAnatuMga kA samaya IsvI saptama zataka kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai; zvetAmbara caritakAra prabhAcandra dvArA unheM bANa, mayUra aura harSa ke samakAlika batAnA hI isakA AdhAra hai / jo loga zailI kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM ve inheM IsvI san kI saptama zatI se arvAcIna nahIM mAnate / uttara-madhyakAlIna tapAgacchIya evaM anya gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyA~ jo unheM vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM rakhatI haiM, vaha racayitAoM kI kalpanA mAtra hai / usakI ni:sAratA ke bAre meM jo carcA yakaoNbI mahodaya kara gaye haiM, paThanIya hai / hama bhI pIche vistAra se isa viSaya meM Alor3ana kara cuke haiM / dUsarI ora kApar3iyA jI ne apane bhaktAmarAdi-stotratrayI kI saMskRta bhUmikA meM yaha kaha kara ki madhyakAla meM muslima AkramaNa ke daurAna aneka granthAdi naSTa ho jAne se mAnatuMgAcArya ke samaya ko spaSTa karane vAle pramANa nahIM mile, isa viSaya meM apanI lAcArI vyakta kI hai / isake kaI sAla bAda apane eka anya prakAzana meM bhaktAmarastotra ke zIrSaka ke pazcAt koSThaka meM unakA samaya vikrama kI 8vIM zatAbdI diyA hai aura vahIM dUsarI jagaha para mAnatuMga ko hemacandra se karIba Der3ha sau sAla pahale hone kA bhI jikra kiyA haiM / ThIka yahI hAlata digambara vidvAnoM kI bhI hai / unake pAsa bhI aisA koI sAdhana nahIM jisake AdhAra para thor3A bahuta vizvasta nirNaya kara sakeM / hA~, bahuta bAda ke (17vIM zatI ke) digambara lekhana meM mAnatuMga ko mahAkavi dhanaMjaya ke guru ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta mAna lene para unakA samaya saptamazatI kA uttarArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai, lekina aisA mAnane ke lie koI Thosa pramANa kI AvazyakatA hai, jabaki svayaM dhanaMjaya ne apanI kRtiyoM meM mAnatuMga ko apane guru rUpeNa kahIM nahIM batAyA, na hI kisI prAka-madhyakAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna digambara srota meM aisA z2ikra milatA hai| nirgrantha vidvAnoM kI yaha sthiti rahI hai / videzI vidvAnoM kI isa viSaya para kyA rAya rahI vaha dekheM to kItha mahodaya kA kahanA thA ki mAnatuMga bANa ke samakAlIna ho sakate haiM, paraMtu unakA kAla 150-200 sAla bAda kA ho sakatA hai / kintu vinTaraniTsa mahAzaya kA kathana rahA ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM usakI bhArI pratiSThA hone se vaha sApekSa dRSTyA prAcIna ho sakatA hai jabaki glasaneppa unakA samaya anirNita mAnate the / dUsarI aura yakaoNbI mahodaya ne yaha kahakara isa vivAda se apanA hAtha khIMca liyA hai ki "jaba taka bhaktAmara yA bhayahara kA koI uddharaNa yA nirvivAda ullekha cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM

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stotrakartA kA samaya yA haribhadra jaise prAcIna kartAoM kI kRtiyoM meM na pAyA jAya taba taka nizcayapUrvaka itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsvI 13vIM zatAbdI ke antabhAga meM [yAni prabhAvakacarita-jo mAnatuMga kathA se sambaddha sabase purAnA srota hai--kI racanA ke samaya meM] mAnatuMga ko eka purAtana AcArya mAnA jAtA thaa|" bAta to ThIka hai, kintu Agamika bhASya gAthAmaya evaM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hote the aura apanI saMgaThana-prakRti evaM bhASA-bhinnatA ke kAraNa bhaktAmara kA uddharaNa yA padya kA samAveza vahA~ saMbhava nhiiN| aura bahuta se purAne bhASyoM kI racanA mAnatuMgAcArya ke samaya se pUrva hI ho cukI hoMgI, aisI bhI sambhAvanA hai / dUsarI ora prAkRta cUrNikAroM evaM saMskRta vRttikAroM ne jo uddharaNa die haiM ve vizeSakara Agamika siddhAntoM, dArzanika sthApanAoM, upadezAtmaka sUtroM ke samarthaka padyoM, evaM nItiparaka suvAkyAdi ke rUpa meM haiM / kyoMki siddhasena aura samantabhadra kI stutiyA~ darzanapravaNa haiM isalie inameM se kabhI kabhI sandarbhayogya uddharaNa vahA~ mila jAtA hai / kintu bhaktAmara evaM bhayaharastotra vizuddha bhaktiparaka racanAe~ haiN| yadi ve kucha cUrNiyoM ke pUrva bana bhI cukI hoM to bhI binA avasara yA prasaMga ke sivA, vyAkhyAkAra unameM se uddharaNa nahIM deMge, na de sakate haiM / ThIka yahI bAta haribhadra ke sandarbha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai / jaisA ki Age dekheMge, bhaktAmara ke jo kucha uddharaNa diye haiM, ve saba nirgranthakRta kAvyazAstroM kI vyAkhyAoM ke upalakSya meM hI haiM aura ve saba upalabdha racanAe~ madhyakAlIna haiM / yadyapi kApar3iyA jI ne yakaoNbI mahodaya ke uparokta kathana kA koI uttara apanI prastAvanAoM meM nahIM diyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne anya kartAoM dvArA bhaktAmara ke kucha ullekha evaM stotra ke purAne uddharaNa prakAzita kiye haiM, jo kucha hada taka sAmprata sandarbha meM upayukta siddha ho sakate haiM / inameM zvetAmbara kAvyazAstrI vAgbhaTTa kRta vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra (prAya: IsvI 1120-25) para kharataragacchIya siMhadeva gaNi kI vRtti (jisameM bhaktAmara kA 11vA~ padya uddhRta hai), yA kharataragacchIya jinaprabhasUri kI uvasaggaharathotta kI TIkA evaM karpUramaMjarITIkA jisameM bhaktAmara kA dasavA~ padya uTTaMkita hai, samAviSTa hai / parantu ve donoM kartA prabhAvakacaritakAra prabhAcandra ke bAda ke haiM / dUsarI ora digambara kAvyazAstrI nemikumAra ke kAvyAnuzAsana kI svopajJa TIkA (IsvI 13vIM zatAbdI antima caraNa) ke "mAdhuryAdhikAra" meM bhaktAmara kA 11vA~ padya uddhRta hai / para usake kartA saMbhavata: prabhAvakacaritakAra prabhAcandra kA laghuvayaska samakAlika hai, pUrvavartI nahIM / prabhAcandra se pUrvavartI ullekhoM meM eka to hai paurNamika muniratna sUri kA / apanI kRti amamasvAmicarita (IsvI 1169) kI utthAnikA meM unhoMne apane sampradAya ke aneka pUrva kavi-sUriyoM ke saMga 'mAnatuMga' kA bhI yathocita smaraNa kiyA hai, yathA : mAnatuMga-devabhadrasUri stutyau marAlavat / / USaturmAnase yau zrI sAtavAhana-bhojayoH / / 23 / / ___ muniratnasUri ke samakAla meM pUrNatallagacchIya AcArya hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana kI svopajJa alaMkAracUDAmaNivRtti meM bhaktAmarastotra kA 11vA~ padya uTuMkita kiyA hai aura sambhava hai ki digambara kavi nemikumAra, jo hemacandra kI isa kRti se paricita the, unhoneM vahI padya apanI vRtti meM hemacandra se

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra hI liyA ho / uparokta do pramANoM se siddha hai ki mAnatuMga kA bhaktAmarastotra IsvI 12vIM zatAbdI meM kAfI prasiddha thA / kApar3iyA mahodaya ne eka aura prAcIna ullekha paramArarAja bhoja aura unake uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha ke samakAlIna, prasiddha digambara vyAkhyAkAra evaM dArzanika vidvAn prabhAcandra kI kriyAkalApaTIkA meM batAyA hai; vahA~ mAnatuMga kA ullekha mahAkavi ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / ThIka isI ullekha kA nirdeza prA0 kApar3iyA ke 34 varSa pazcAt DA0 nemicandra zAstrI2, aura unake AdhAra para unase 11 varSa bAda DA. jyotiprasAda jaina ne bhI kiyA hai, aura unhoMne vahA~ prastuta TIkA kA varSa koSThaka meM IsvI 1025 diyA hai|3 / isase bhI prAcIna kAla meM isa stotra kI khyAti se sambandhita hama yahA~ eka aisA pramANa prastuta kareMge jo mAnatuMga ke samaya para gaura karane vAle vidvAnoM ke dhyAna meM aba taka nahIM AyA / dharmadAsagaNi kI upadezamAlA (prAya: IsvI 6ThI zatI madhya) kI 230vIM gAthA ke "thavatthuI" zabda kI vyAkhyA meM siddharSi (kAryakAla prAya: IsvI 880-920 yA -912) ne udAharaNarUpeNa bhaktAmarastotra kA ullekha kiyA hai / yathA : "stavA bhaktAmarAdyAH stutayo yAH" isa AdhAra se ni:zaMka kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA saMvat ke navama-dazama zataka meM bhI bhaktAmara kI bhArI pratiSThA thI, kAraNa ki siddharSi jaise ArUr3ha vidvAn bhI dRSTAMta rUpa meM aura kisI stutyAtmaka kRti ko na lekara bhaktAmara ke prati hI aMguli-nirdeza karane ko bAdhya ho jAte haiM / stotra, isa kAraNa nirgrantha vizva meM atyanta janapriya hone ke atirikta usa samaya meM bhI prAcIna mAnA jAtA rahA hogA / yakaoNbI mahAzaya ke prazna kA uttara kucha hada taka to isameM se hI mila jAtA hai / bAhya pramANoM se bhaktAmara kI uttarAvadhi ko IsvI 1277 se haTAkara isase karIba 375 varSa pIche aba hama le jA sakate haiM / dUsarI ora kItha mahodaya ne mAnatuGga ko bANa-mayUra ke samaya se karIba 150-200 sAla bAda meM hone kI sambhAvanA to vyakta kI hai, kintu aisI dhAraNA ke liye koI AdhAra nahIM batAyA / stotra kI zailI nizcaya hI prAkmadhyakAla se pUrva kI hai / lekina stotra vAstava meM kitanA purAnA hai isakA vinizcaya to usake kalevara kA parIkSaNa karane se hI sambhava ho sakatA hai / prathama dRSTipAta se bhI bhaktAmara kI saMracanA evaM zailI nizcayatayA prAkamadhyakAla se bhI pUrva kI dikhAI detI hai / isa sambandha meM jo kucha naye pramANa yakaoNbI ke bAda ke vibhinna vidvAnoM ke prayAsa se sAmane Aye haiM, aura kucha hamAre dhyAna meM bhI Aye haiM, ve yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : 1) kaTAriyA mahAnubhAva kA kahanA hai ki (paJcastUpAnvayi svAmI vIrasena-ziSya) bhagavajinasena kA AdipurANa (IsvI 837 bAda) ke parva 7, 293-311 kA varNana bhaktAmarastotra se milatA hai| aura paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI ne bhaktAmara kA 30vA~ evaM AdipurANa kA 7.296 vA~ padya uTaiMkita karake donoM ke Azaya kI samAnatA ke prati nirdeza kiyA hai16 / yadi yaha ThIka hai to mAnatuMgasUri IsvI navama

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stotrakartA kA samaya zatAbdI ke pUrva ke siddha ho jAte haiM / 2) jaba kAla-nirNaya meM vicAra sAmya ko AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai to hama yahA~ eka do isase bhI purAtanakAlIna evaM samAna vastu-hetu rakhane vAle uddezya ke tarapha dhyAna khIMcanA cAheMge / bhadrakIrti (bappabhaTTI sUri) kI caturviMzatikA (prAya: IsvI 775-800) kA prArambhika padya bhaktAmara ke prathama padya ke prabhAva se prerita ho, aisA bhAsa hotA hai / yathA : namendra mauli galitottama pArijAta - stuticaturviMzatikA, 1 bhaktAmarapraNata-mauli-maNiprabhANAm - bhaktAmarastotra, 1 aura caturviMzatikA kA padya bhI vasantatilakA vRtta meM hI nibaddha hai / tadatirikta bhaktAmara kA cAroM caraNa "tubhya" zabda se AraMbhita hone vAlA padya 26 kI taraha hI bhadrakIrti ke abhI abhI jJAta hue eka anya stotra ke do padya hai8 / bhaktAmara IsvI 770 ke arase meM paThana meM hogA / 3) pUjyapAda devanandI (prAya: IsvI 635-680) ke suvizruta samAdhitantra ke dvitIya padya kI bhaktAmara ke 25veM padya ke saMga tulanA karane se donoM ke bIca artha kI hI nahIM balki kahIM-kahIM to zabdoM kI bhI samAnatA dikhAI detI hai / devanandI eka AlA darje ke lakSaNazAstrI the aura bejor3a samAsakAra bhI / vaha apanA kathana hamezA apanI viziSTa saMkSepaNakalA kA Azraya lekara karate the, itanA svarUpa sambaddha abhigama kA pharka alabattA ina donoM ke bIca jarUra upasthita hai / tulanArtha donoM ke samAntara padya yahA~ diye jAte haiM - buddhastvameva vibudhArcita buddhibodhAt, tvaM zaGkaro'si bhuvanatrayazaGkaratvAt / dhAtA'si dhIra ! zivamArga vidhervidhAnAd, vyaktaM tvameva bhagavan ! puruSottamo'si / / __ - bhaktAmarastotra 25. aura jayanti yasyAvadato'pi bhAratI vibhUtayastIrthakRto'pyanIhituH / zivAya dhAtre sugatAya viSNave jinAya tasmai sakalAtmane namaH / / - samAdhitantra 2.

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra isase spaSTa hai ki mAnatuMga IsvI 635 se bhI pUrvakAlIna yA kama se kama IsvI 575 aura 635 ke bIca rahe hoMge, aisI sambhAvanA hai / 98 svAmI samantabhadra (prAya: I0 550 - 625 ) 21 kI stutyAtmaka kRtiyoM se bhaktAmara kI tulanA karane para donoM ke bIca koI qhAsa sambandha ho aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / samantabhadra alaMkArika sampradAya ke mahAkavi the aura mAnatuMga ne kliSTa alaMkAra aura jaTila evaM vyAmizra yamakoM kA prayoga kahIM nahIM kiyA / donoM ke padyoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kI samAnatA nahIM dikhAI detI / donoM eka dUsare kI kRtiyoM prAyaH aparicita hI rahe hoM, aisA mahasUsa hotA hai / alaga-alaga kSetroM meM -- mAnatuMga zAyada AnartalATa-mAlava- vidarbhAdi pradezoM meM aura samantabhadra damila, kerala- kuntala - karNATa Adi meM - kadAcit eka hI samaya meM vicarate rahe hoMge / dUsarI ora siddhasena divAkara (IsvI paMcama zatI pUrvArdha) kI sUktiyoM se mAnatuMga paricita rahe hoMge, aisA kucha AbhAsa kahIM-kahIM donoM kI racanAoM meM zabda - sAmya se pratIta detA hai; udAharaNArtha dekhie nIce die hue donoM ke padya caraNa 2 : tvannAmakIrtana jalaM zamayatyazeSam / / tvannAmasaMkIrtana pUtayatanaH paMcamadvAtriMzikA - 1 donoM meM " nAmakIrtana" aura usake prabhAva kI bAta parilakSita hai jo paurANika bhaktimArga ke prati nirdeza karatA hai aura anyatra prAcIna nirgrantha stutistavanoM meM aisA zabda prayoga dekhane meM nahIM AtA / bhaktAmara ke 15 veM padya ke prathama caraNa ke prArambha kA "citraM kimatra yadi" padakhaNDa siddhasena kI do dvAtriMzikAoM meM bhI milatA hai : - citraM kimatra yadi te tridazAGganAbhir / citraM kimatra yadi nirvacanaM vivAda | - bhaktAmara stotra - 36 citraM kimatra yadi tasya tavaiva rAjan bhaktAmara stotra - 15 dvitIyAdvAtriMzikA - 8 ekAdazadvAtriMzikA - 11 isa bAta meM samAnatA nirdezaka eka aura bAta yaha bhI hai ki siddhasena kI pichalI donoM dvAtriMzikAoM ke sambandhakarttA padya bhaktAmara kI taraha vasantatilakA - vRtta meM hI nibaddha hai / yaha saba Akasmika nahIM ho sakatA / ataH uparyukta dRSTAntoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhaktAmara ke karttA

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stotrakartA kA samaya mAnatuMgAcArya, siddhasena divAkara (prAya: IsvI paMcama zatI pUrvArdha) ke pazcAt hue hoMge / bhaktAmara meM jinendra ke vihAra ke samaya pada-pada para devasarjita kamala kA AvirbhAva honA ullikhita hai / yathA : unnidra hemanavapaGkajapuJjakAnti paryullasannakhamayUkhazikhA'bhirAmau / pAdau padAni tava yatra jinendra ! dhattaH padmAni tatra vibudhAH parikalpayanti / / __ - bhaktAmarastotra-32 yadyapi Agamokta 34 atizayoM meM isakI ginatI nahIM kI gaI hai para anyatra isI mAnyatA kA ullekha paumacariya (prAya: IsvI 473) meM huA hai23 / yathA : jato Thavei calaNe tatto jAyanti sahasapattAI / - paumacariya 2.31. digambara paramparA meM bhI 34 atizayoM meM bhUmi para mAne jAnevAle kamala vihAra kI ginatI nahIM hai / vahA~ tIrthaMkaroM kA "nabhovihAra" mAnA gayA hai aura samantabhadra ne bhI AptamImAMsA kI Arambhika kArikA meM usakA "nabhoyAna" ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai24 / parantu granthAntareNa svayaMbhUstotra meM jina padmaprabha uddezita padyoM meM nabhasthAna meM sahasrapatra-kamala ke garbha meM caraNa rakhate hue jinadeva ke vihAra kA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai.5 aura sAtha hI bhUmi para vihAra kA bhI / yathA : nabhastalaM pallavayannivaM tvaM sahasrapatrA'mbuja-garbhacAraiH / pAdA'mbujaiH pAtita-mAra-darpo bhUmau prajAnAM vijaharya bhRtyai ? / / - svayambhUstotra 29 isase aisA lagatA hai ki bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMga paumacariya ke kartA vimalasUri ke bAda aura saMbhavata: samantabhadra ke samakAlIna rahe hoM / yadi aisA ho to mAnatuMgAcArya kA isa taraha sarasarI taura para bANa yA mayUra yA donoM ke samakAlIna honA saMbhAvita ho sakatA hai / dantakathA meM bhale tathya na ho para ina tInoM ke bIca jo samakAlInatva kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, usameM Akasmika rUpa se kucha tathya ho sakatA hai / alabattA mAnatuMga kA zrI harSa kI sabhA se koI sambandha rahA ho aisA prAcIna pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai yA bANa, mayUra evaM bhaktAmarakAra kI zailI ke bIca khAsa yA vizeSa sAmya nahIM hai / mayUra kI zabdADambarI, samAsabahula, alaMkArapracura evaM jaTila gauDIrIti kI tulanA meM mAnatuMgAcArya kI rIti vaidarbhIprAya: hai aura vahA~ oja aura kAnti hote hue bhI pradhAnatA prasAda guNa aura sphoTAtmaka ghoSapratighoSa kI hai|

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100 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra yadyapi bANa kA caMDIzataka, mayUra ke sUryazataka kI apekSA, kucha sarala hai aura kucha hada taka jyAdA ojasvI bhI, phira bhI vaha bhaktAmara kI praur3hi aura kAvyaprakRti se bahuta bhinna hai / mAnatuMgAcArya darabArI kavi nahIM the aura kavitA-sampradAya kI dRSTi se ve AlaMkArika bhI nahIM haiM / ho sakatA hai ve bANa, mayUra aura samantabhadra se bhI kucha jyeSTha rahe hoM / upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa dhAraNA se vizeSa kucha bhI kahanA abhI saMbhava nahIM hai / sarasarI taura para mAnatuMgAcArya kA samaya IsvI 550-625 ke bIca honA asaMbhavita nahIM hai / dUsarI ora dekhA jAya to bauddha kavi mAtRceTa hI nahIM kAlidAsa, siddhasena, Adi guptayuga ke kavivaroM se mAnatuMga kI zailI bhinna dikhAI detI hai, aura sAmAnya rUpa se unake bAda ke samaya kI pratIta hotI hai / lekina IsvI pA~cavI-chaThI zatI ke mAne jAne vAle nATyakAra evaM kavi, mAtRgupta kA vasantatilakA-vRtta meM nibaddha eka padya, jo uddharaNa ke rUpa meM milatA hai|6, isakI zailI se bhaktAmara ke padyoM kI zailI kAfI milatI-julatI hai / yaha padya isa prakAra hai nAyaM nizAmukhasaroruharAjahaMsaH / kIrIkapolatalakAntatanuH zazAGkaH / AbhAti nAtha ! tadidaM dividugdhasindhu DiNDIrapiNDaparipANDu yazastvadIyam / / __ vasantatilakA meM to prAcIna aura kavivaroM ne bhI padya racanA kI hai, kintu mAtRgupta meM hI mAnatuMga jaise DhaMga kA kAntimAna, nartanamaya aura suspaSTa chandolaya dikhAI detA hai / kyA mAnatuMga bhI guptakAlIna the ? ho sakatA hai ve pazcAtkAlIna hote hue bhI mAtRgupta kI zailI ke Adarza ko sAmane rakhakara cale hoM / Akhira mAtRgupta ke eka hI upalabdha padya kI zailI, ke saMga samatA yA sAdRzyatA se miti ke viSaya meM dRr3ha nirNaya le lenA samucita na hogA / philahAla mAnatuGga ko sAvadhAnI ke khAtira chaThI zatAbdI uttarArdha meM rakha deM to anucita na hogA / eka aura bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki bhaktAmara kA 26vA~ padya vividha citrabandhoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, jaisA DA0 rudradeva tripAThI kaha cuke haiM.7 / citrAlaMkAra upalabdha saMskRta sAhitya meM sabase pahale mahAkavi bhAravi (prAya: IsvI 500 se 550) ke kirAtArjunIya kAvya ke kucha padyoM meM milatA hai aura unake karIba sau sAla bAda udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kavirAja daMDI ke kAvyAdarza meM aura ina do kaviyoM ke antarAla meM samantabhadra kI anuguptakAlInakRti stutividyA meM bhI pracura saMkhyaka udAharaNa milate haiM / unake pUrva kuSANakAlIna bauddha kavivara azvaghoSa, Aryadeva, mAtRceTa yA guptakAlIna nATyakAra bhAsa, prazastikAra hariSeNa, kavikulaguru kAlidAsa, aura dArzanika stutikAra siddhasena divAkara kI kRtiyoM meM citrAlaMkAra kA prayoga dRSTigocara nahIM huA hai / isa tathya ko dekhate hue mAnatuMgAcArya ko hama kama se kama IsvI chaThI zatI uttarArdha meM rakheM, to vaha unake vAstavika kAla ke vizeSa samIpa saMbhAvita ho sakatA hai|

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stotrakartA kA samaya 101 TippaNiyA~ : 1. dekhie Hermann Jacobi, "Foreword," pp. 1-VIII, bhaktAmara0, saM0 hi0 ra0 kApar3iyA, ___Bombay 1932. 2. vahI. 3. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "bhUmikA," pR0 20-21. 4. jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, vaDodarA 1968, pR0 313, 314. 4. A. Berriedale Keith, A History of Sanskrit Literature, reprint, London 1961, p. 215. 6. Maurice Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, Vol-II. Sec.ed., reprint, Dellhi ____1977 p. 549 : and H. Von Glasenapp, Jainism, Delhi 1998, p. 149. 7. Jacobi, "Foreword," bhaktAmara0, p. VII. 8. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "bhUmikA," pR0 12. 9. zrIamamasvAmicaritra, prathama vibhAga, saM0 vijayakumudasUri, amadAvAda vi0 saM0 1998 (IsvI 1942), pR. 2. 10. kApar3iyA, "bhUmikA," pR0 12. 11. vahI grantha, pR0 19. 12. "AcArya mAnatuMga," anekAnta, 18-6, phebru0 1966, pR0 242. 13. "prastAvanA," sacitra bhaktAmara rahasya, saM0 paM0 kamalakumAra jaina zAstrI 'kumuda', dehalI 1977, pR0 31, 37. 14. upadezamAlA-saTIkA, pra0 paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara 1939, pR0 134. 15. "bhaktAmara stotra," jai0 ni0 20, pR0 338. 16. bhaktAmara stotram, dvi0 saM0, vArANasI 1969, pR0 15-16. 17. dekhie kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, mUlapATha, pR0 1 tathA kApar3iyA, caturviMzatikA, mUlapATha, pR0 1. 18. padya isa prakAra hai / namastubhyaM bhavAMbhodhi-nimajajaMtu-tAriNe / durgApavarga-sanmArga-svarga-saMsarga-kAriNe // 728 // namastubhyaM manomalla-dhvaMsakAya mahIyase / dveSadvipa-mahAkumbha-vipATana-paTIyase // 729 // dekhie ajJAtakartRka prabandha-catuSTaya, saM0 ramaNIka ma0 zAha, ahamadAbAda 1994, pR0 68, 728-729. 19. samAdhi-zataka, saM0 rAujI nemacaMda zAha, dvitIya saMskaraNa, aligaMja 1962. 20. isa viSaya meM yahA~ thor3A sA aura batAyA jAyegA / 21. samantabhadra ke samaya sambaddha vistAra se carcA nirgrantha tRtIya aMka, ahamadAbAda 1997 meM "svAmI samantabhadrano samaya" nAmaka lekha meM hone jA rahI hai / 22. yahA~ jo uddharaNa liye gaye haiM ve saba Siddhasena's :Nyayavatara., pp. 125, 114, 143. (siddhasena kA samaya viSayaka carcA hamArI zrI bRhada nirgrantha stutimaNimaMjUSA kI "prastAvanA" meM ho rahI hai / ) 23. (mUla) saMpAdaka haeNramAnna yakaoNbI, saM0 muni puNyavijaya, vArANasI 2962, pR0 11, 12. 24. AptamImAMsA kA suprasiddha prathama zloka kA prathama caraNa : devAgama nabhoyAna cAmarAdi vibhUtayaH Adi / 25. svayambhUstotra, saM0 paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, sahAranapura 1951, pR0 22. 26. DA0 rudradeva tripAThI, "bhaktAmara stotra kAvya samIkSA," bhaktAmara rahasya, pR0 403-404. 27. vahI, pR0 395.

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stotrakartA kA sampradAya AcArya mAnatuMga ne apane do meM se eka bhI stotra meM na to apane samaya, na hI sampradAya-nidarzaka koI saMketa diyA hai aura unake sampradAya ke vinirNaya kA kArya bhI ekadama AsAna nahIM hai / vartamAna meM vidyamAna nirgrantha-darzana ke donoM sampradAya mAnate haiM ki pahale ve vipakSI sampradAya meM hue the aura bAda meM apane sampradAya meM dAkhila ho gaye the; vastutayA aise dAve ke samarthaka Anuzrutika kathAe~ bhI donoM dvArA madhyakAla meM gar3ha dI gaI haiM / paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI ne likhA hai : "mAnatuMgAcArya digambara the yA zvetAmbara yaha bAta abhI itihAsa se ThIka jJAta nahIM ho pAyI hai; kyoMki na to unakI aura koI nirvivAda racanA pAI jAtI hai jisase isa bAta kA nirNaya ho sake aura na bhaktAmarastotra meM hI kahIM kucha aisA zabda-prayoga pAyA jAtA hai jisase unakA zvetAmbaratva yA digambaratva kA nirNaya kiyA jA ske| upalaka (superficial) dRSTi se to yaha bAta sahI hai; phira bhI kaI mudde aise bhI haiM, jo isa samasyA ke nirAkaraNa meM kucha hada taka sahAyaka bana sakate haiM / hama yahA~ kartA ke sampradAya ke viSaya meM gaveSaNA sameta jo carcA karanA cAheMge vaha kevala aitihAsika dRSTikoNa ko lekara hI hogI / isase kucha bhI siddha ho sake. isako sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se pare hI mAnanA cAhie / samasta nirgranthadarzana meM bane hae acche stotroM (aura anya bhI uttama racanAe~) ke vArisa unake sabhI astitvamAna sampradAya evaM upAmnAyeM samAna rUpa se haiM aura samAdara se saba nirgranthAnuyAyI usakA paThana-raTana kareM usameM koI duvidhA, rokaToka, hoMsAtoMsI, aura apanApana-parAyApana, bar3appana-choTappana yA purAnApana-nayApana kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / isalie stotrakAra ke sampradAya nirNaya karate samaya isa para likhe gaye sabhI nirgrantha-nirgranthetara vidvAnoM ke maMtavyoM-dhAraNAoM kI, upalabdha sAdhanoM evaM labhyamAna bAhya tathA abhyaMtara pramANoM ke AdhAra para, parIkSA evaM samIkSA karanI hogI / isameM se jo antima, kucha hada taka vizeSa pramANapUta evaM pratItipUrNa nirNaya prApta ho sake, vahI yahA~ prastuta karanA ThIka hogA / 1) bhaktAmarastotra kA sarjaka evaM sarjana-sambaddha vRttAnta, tadatirikta isa para vRttyAdi kRtiyA~, aura samasyApUrti-rUpa pratikAvyoM kI racanA digambara kI apekSA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM adhika saMkhyA meM huI haiM aura unameM se thor3I-bahuta digambara kRttiyoM se purAnI bhI haiM / lekina kathAtmaka sAhitya kA dantakatha se baDhakara malya nahIM: aura vattyAdi sAhitya bhI IsvI 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI se prAcIna nahIM tathA samasyApUrtirUpa kAvya bhI 16vIM zatI se purAne nahIM haiM / aisI sthiti meM una muddoM ko lekara mAnatuMgasUri zvetAmbara sampradAya meM hue the aisA nizcayapUrvaka kahane ke lie koI Thosa pramANa nahIM bana paataa| ThIka isI taraha bhaktAmarastotra kI prAcInatama hastapratiyA~ zvetAmbara granthabhaNDAroM se hI prApta huI haiM, isa para bhI jyAdA jora dene se vizeSa artha nahIM nikala sakatA / yaha eka taraha se Akasmika bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai /

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stotrakartA kA sampradAya 103 2) mAnatuMgasUri kI mAnI jAnevAlI eka dUsarI kRti, bhayaharastotra kI upalabdhi zvetAmbara meM hI hotI hai evaM usa para vRttyAdi sAhitya bhI vahIM prApta hotA hai; para vaha tathya bhI sampradAya-vinirNaya meM paryApta nahIM hai / kucha-kucha digambara, yApanIya (aura bauddha) racanAe~ zvetAmbara grantha bhaNDAroM meM mila jAne mAtra se yA vahA~ pracAra meM hone mAtra se kartA ko zvetAmbara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 3) prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM mAnatuMga sUri kA kahIM bhI jikra nahIM hai / viruddha pakSa meM zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM aura aisI racanAoM meM unako sthAna milA hai / lekina ina .paTTAvaliyoM kA kahA~ taka vizvAsa ho sakatA hai vaha bhI jAna lenA jarUrI hai / prAcInatama paTTAvaliyA~, jaise ki paryuSaNAkalpa kI "sthavirAvalI" (IsvI 100-503), devavAcaka kRta nandisUtra kI "sthavirAvalI' (prAya: IsvI paMcama zatI madhyabhAga) aura ina donoM ke kathanoM ko samAsa rUpa meM rakhanevAlI ajitasiMha sUri kI paTTAvalI (prAya: IsvI 12vIM zatAbdI pUrvArdha) meM mAnatuMga kA nAma na milane kA spaSTIkaraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki yadi ve audicya paramparA meM ho bhI gaye hoM to paMcama zataka ke bAda, aura avAntara zAkhAoM meM se kisI meM hue hoMge, jisa kAraNa vajrI zAkhA ke purAtana AcAryoM kI kramAvalI meM, evaM nandisUtra kI vAcakoM kI sUcI meM unako sthAna prApta honA saMbhava nahIM huA / aJcalagacchIya dharmaghoSa sUri kA mAnA jAtA RSimaMDalastava (prAya: 13vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa) va tapAgacchIya dharmaghoSasUri ke duHSamAkAla-zramaNasaMghastava (prAya: IsvI 1250-1275 ke bIca) ke antargata Arya mahAgiri (IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI) taka to silasilAbaddha nAma diye gaye haiM / parantu bAda meM Upara kathita donoM prAcInatama sthavirAvaliyoM aura Avazyakaniyukti vagairaha meM milate Arya rakSita, revatimitra, Arya nAgahasti, satyamitra aura tatpazcAt ke hArila (vAcaka harigupta, prAya: IsvI 475-529) aura dUsare meM jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa (prAya: IsvI 545-594) jaise nAma ginatI meM lie gaye haiM, kintu vahA~ bhI mAnatuMgAcArya kA koI ullekha nahIM / ___ mAnatuMgasUri ke samaya kA, aura unake mAne gaye guru kA sarvaprathama ullekha prabhAvakacarita ke pazcAt guNAkarasUri kI bhaktAmaravRtti (IsvI 1370) aura IsvI 15vIM ke prArambha se lekara 17vIM-18vIM zatAbdI kI tapAgacchIya gurvAvaliyoM aura bahudhA unakA anusaraNa karane vAlI 16vIM-17vIM-18vIM zataka kI anya gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM milatA hai / tapAgacchIya munisuMdarasUri kI gurvAvalI aura unake guru ke satIrthya guNaratnasUri ke guruparvakramavarNana (vi0 saM0 1466 / IsvI 1410) meM kahA gayA hai ki Arya vajra ke ziSya vajrasena aura unake ziSya, candrakula ke sthApaka, candrasUri hue / tatpazcAt candrakula ke candramA 17veM AcArya sAmantabhadra hue aura unake bAda vRddha devasUri hue, jinhoMne koraNTaka (koraTA, rAjasthAna) meM nAhaDa maMtrI dvArA vinirmita caitya kI pratiSThA kI / tatpazcAt pradyotanasUri, aura unake bAda mAnadevasUri hue jinake pAsa padmA, jayA, vijayA aura aparAjitA nAmaka deviyA~ AyA-jAyA karatI thIM tathA jinhoMne naDDUlapura (nADola) meM rahate hue zAkambharIpura meM (granthAtareNa takSazilA meM) laghuzAntistava kI racanA karake mahAmArI ke upadrava ko zAnta kiyA thA / unake pazcAt 21veM AcArya hue "mAnatuMga' jinhoMne bhaktAmarastotra ke prabhAva se, bANa-mayUra kI vidyA se cakita hue "bhUpa" ko

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra prabodhita kiyA thA, bhayaharastotra se phaNirAja ( dharaNendra) ko AkarSita kiyA thA tathA bhattibbhara jaise namaskAra stava banAye the; aura unake bAda Aye hue 22veM AcArya vIrasUri ne nAgapura meM nRpa saMvat (vi0 saM0 300 / I0 sa0 244 ) meM caitya pratiSThA kI thI / isa ginatI ke AdhAra para mAnatuMgasUri kA samaya prAyaH IsvI 200-244 mAnA gayA hai / 104 paTTAvalIkAroM kI isa kaiphiyata meM ghorAtighora evaM vipula saMkhyA meM kAlAtikrama ke dRSTAMta haiM hI, para isake alAvA aneka bAteM vAstavika itihAsa se viparIta A gaI haiM / pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki vajrasena ke jina tIna-cAra ziSyoM se cAra zAkhAoM meM pravAhyamAna hone kA ullekha paryuSaNAkalpa kI " sthavirAvalI" meM prApta hotA hai, vahA~ kahIM bhI cAndrazAkhA yA candrakula kA jikra nahIM hai aura prAcIna mAne gaye AcArya candra ke pazcAt mahAvIra kI paripATI meM 17 veM gaddIdhara kA nAma 'sAmantabhadra' diyA gayA hai, yaha to mahAn dArzanika digambarAcArya svAmI samantabhadra ko z2abaradastI se zvetAmbara banA dene kA udyama mAtra hai / unake bAda jo devasUri ke hone kI bAta kI hai aura koraNTaka meM nAgabhaTa mantrI dvArA nirmita caitya kI bAta kI hai, vaha to prAkamadhyakAla meM, pratIhArayuga meM, ghaTI huI ghaTanA ko chaha sau sAla aura prAcIna ThaharA diyA hai / yaha devasUri prabandhoM ke anusAra Upara kathita koraNTa ke caitya caityavAsI muni the aura unakA samaya navama - dazama zataka ke pUrva kA nahIM / unake bAda pradyotanasUri hue aisA kahA hai; lekina usa sUri kA kAla dazama zataka uttarArdha se pahale nahIM ho sakatA / unake nAma se cale hue gaccha se sambaddha 11vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha ke kucha lekha mile haiM / ye AcArya purAtana nahIM haiN| aba unake bAda Aye mAnadevasUri, jinakA banAyA huA laghuzAntistotra Aja upalabdha hai; vaha khuleAma mAntrika hone ke atirikta zailI se to madhyakAlIna hI hai; vaha 11vIM zatI uttarArdha se prAcIna nahIM / tadatirikta naDDUla evaM zAkaMbharI (sAMbhara ) bhI prAk - pratIhArakAla se jyAdA prAcIna nahIM hai / Azcarya hai, IsvI tIsarI zatI meM mAne gaye mAnadeva ke bAda jo mAnatuMgasUri hue unako, sAtha hI saptama zataka pUrvArdha meM ho gaye bANa - mayUra ke samakAlIna bhI mAnA gayA ! dUsarI ora unake ziSya vIrasUri kA samaya vi0 saM0 300 ke karIba mAnA gayA taba to bhrAnti kI parAkASThA hI ho jAtI hai / itanA hI nahIM, pichale tInoM AcAryoM ke nAma paTTAvaliyoM meM Age calakara duharAye haiM, jisa vakta madhyakAla pravartamAna ho gayA thA aura anyathA vahI to ina sabakA vAstavika kAla hai / dUsarI ora gurvAvalikAra se 133 sAla pUrva ho gaye prabhAvakacaritakAra ne bhaktAmarakAra ke guru kA nAma jinasiMha batAyA hai / isase gar3abar3a aura bar3ha jAtI hai / munivara kalyANavijaya kA eka avalokana, jo isa mauke para hamAre sAmane hai, upayukta hone ke kAraNa yahA~ prastuta karanA cAheMge / "vAstava meM vajrasenasUri ke bAda ke zrIcandrasUri se lekara vimalacandrasUri taka ke 20 AcAryoM kA sattA- samaya andhakArAvRtta hai / bIca kA yaha samaya caityavAsiyoM ke sAmrAjya kA samaya thA / ugra vaihArika saMvijJa zramaNoM kI saMkhyA parimita thI, taba zithilAcArI tathA caityavAsiyoM ke aDDe sarvatra lage hue the / isa paristhiti meM vaihArika zramaNoM ke hAtha meM kAlagaNanA paddhati nahIM rahI / isI kAraNa se vajrasena ke bAda aura udyotana sUri ke pahale ke paTTadharoM kA samaya vyavasthita nahIM hai,

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stotrakartA kA sampradAya 105 daramiyAna katipaya AcAryoM kA samaya gurvAvalIkAroM ne diyA bhI hai to vaha saMgata nahIM hotA, jaise tapAgaccha gurvAvalIkAra AcArya zrI munisundarasUri jI ne AcArya zrI vajrasena sUri kA svargavAsa samaya jina-nirvANa se 620 meM likhA hai, jo vikrama varSoM kI gaNanAnusAra 150 meM par3atA hai / tathA vajrasena se caturtha puruSa zrI vRddhadevasUri jI dvArA vikrama saMvat 125 meM koraNTa nagara meM pratiSThA honA batAyA hai, isI prakAra 18ve paTTadhara pradyotanasUri ke bAda zrI mAnatuMgasUri jo bANa aura mayUra ke samakAlIna the, unako 20vA~ paTTaguru mAnA hai, mayUra kA AzrayadAtA kannauja kA rAjA zrIharSa thA jisakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatI kA uttarArddha thA, yaha samaya zrI mAnatuMgasUri ke paTTaguru mAnadevasUri ke aura mAnatuMgasUri ke paTTadhara vIrasUri ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hotA, kyoMki mAnatuMgasUri ke bAda ke paTTadhara zrI vIrasUri kA samaya gurvAvalIkAra zrI munisundara jIne nimnokta zloka meM prakaTa kiyA hai - "jajJe caitye pratiSThA kRnnamenAgipure nRpAt / tribhirvarSazataiH 300 kiMcidadhikai vIra sUrirAT / / 37 / / AcArya mAnatuMga ko kavi bANa mayUra ke samakAlIna mAnanA aura mAnatuMga ke uttarAdhikArI vIrasUri kA samaya vikrama varSa 300 se kucha adhika varSa mAnanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai, vIrasUri ke bAda ke AcArya jayadeva, devAnanda vikrama aura narasiMha ina cAra AcAryoM ke samaya kI carcA gurvAvalI tathA paTTAvalI meM nahIM milatI"5 / lekina itanA kahane ke bAda kalyANavijaya jI ne gurvAvalIkAra dvArA ullikhita AcAryoM ke sattA samaya kI visaMgati kA samanvaya karane kA jo jItor3a yatna kiyA hai, vaha sarAhanIya hote hue bhI apratItikara hI dikhAI detA hai / mAnatuMga kA samaya khIMcakara nIce lAne ke lie vI0 ni0 saMvatsara ko vikrama saMvat mAnane taka to ThIka hai, parantu "pradyotana, mAnadeva, mAnatuMga aura vIrasUri ina cAra AcAryoM kA sattA-samaya 300 varSa ke lagabhaga mAna liyA jAya to ekatrita samayAMka 675 taka pahu~cegA aura isa prakAra se mAnatuMgasUri bANa, mayUra aura rAjA harSa ke samaya meM vidyamAna ho sakate haiM" kahanA to ajIba prakAra kI, avyAvahArika evaM asaMbhavita ginatI kA hI dyotaka mAnA jAyegA / uttara-madhyakAlIna paTTAvalIkAra, cAhe ve zvetAmbara hoM yA digambara, apane gaccha ke pUrva kI sthiti ko spaSTa karane ke lie unake pAsa koI vizvasta sUcanA nahIM thI, na gurukrama kA koI sahI silasilA batAnevAlA pramANa / ina saboM ne jyAdAtara kalpanA se hI kAma calAyA hai / prAcIna zvetAmbara-digambara AcAryoM ke samaya-nirdhAraNa meM paTTAvaliyoM ko pramANa mAnakara calane vAle sabhI vidvAn khuda dhokhe meM rahe haiM aura unake kathana para vizvAsa karane vAle nirgrantha-nirgranthetara vidvAn saMsAra ko gumarAha karane, aitihAsika viparyAsoM kA Dhera raca dene aura Aja taka galata nirNayoM ke andhakAramaya cakkaroM meM pha~sakara (aura auroM ko pha~sAkara) itihAsa ko ojhala kara dene ke atirikta aura kucha bhI hAsila nahIM kara pAye haiM / ___aba hama kucha mudde peza kareMge jisa para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura jo vizeSakara stotra ke Antarika tathyoM evaM lakSaNoM se sabandhita hai /

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106 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 1) mahAn digambarAcAryoM evaM upAsaka kavivaroM kI stutyAtmaka kRtiyA~ prAya: darzana-pravaNa haiM / ve dArzanika evaM nyAyaparaka paribhASA evaM vibhAvoM se chAyI huI dikhAI detI haiM / svAmI samantabhadra, pUjyapAda devanandI, pAtrakesarI svAmI, bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, mahAkavi dhanaMjaya, Adi prAkmadhyakAlIna-vibhUtiyoM kI stutiyoM meM yaha bAta to sahaja naz2ara meM A jAtI hai, parantu vidyAnandasvAmI (prAya: IsvI 10vIM zatI pUrvArdha), kavi bhUpAla cakravartI (10vIM-11vIM zatI), mAthurasaMghIya AcArya amitagati (10vIM antima caraNa aura 11vIM zatI pUrvArdha) drAviDa saMgha ke AcArya vAdirAja (11vIM zatI pUrvArdha) aura kumudacandra (12vIM zatI pUrvArdha) Adi suprasiddha madhyakAlIna digambara kartAoM kI stavanAdi racanAoM meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke guNAnuvAda dArzanika vyaMjanA se sparzita haiM / bhaktAmarastotra meM to vizuddha bhaktibhAva hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / aisI hI pravRtti, vAdi-kavi bhadrakIrtti aparanAma bappabhaTTi (prAya: IsvI 734-829 yA 744839), madhyakAlIna kaviyoM meM jinazatakakAra kavi jambUnAga (prAya: IsvI 950), muJja-bhoja ke sabhAkavi dhanapAla (10vIM-11vIM zatI) aura unake laghubandhu zobhana muni (10vIM-11vIM zatI), abhayadevasUri (11vIM zatI uttarArdha), mahAn kharataragacchIya stutikAra jinavallabhasUri (prAya: IsvI 10701110), jinadattasUri (IsvI 1110-1142) evaM bAda kI to aneka zvetAmbara kRtiyoM meM dikhAI detI hai / yaha tathya bhaktAmarakAra ke sampradAya vinizcaya meM kucha hada taka upayukta samajhA jA sakatA hai / spaSTa hai, mAnatuMga dArzanika paramparA ke kavi nahIM the / 2) karNATaka ke madhyakAlIna digambara zilAlekhoM ke aMtargata evaM digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM unake sampradAya ke aneka mahAn AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai parantu vahA~ kahIM bhI 'mAnatuMga' kA nAma nahIM milatA, isakA kyA khulAsA ho sakatA hai ? 3) jaisA ki hama pIche dekha cuke haiM, aSTamahAbhayoM kA ullekha guptakAla evaM prAkmadhyakAla se lekara uttara-madhyakAla ke zvetAmbara stavanoM evaM kahIM-kahIM madhyakAlIna-uttaramadhyakAlIna saiddhAntika samuccayasvarUpa grantha racanAoM meM khUba milatA hai / vahA~ isa vibhAva kI upasthiti kI niraMtaratA rahI hai| dUsarI aura digambara stutyAtmaka sAhityAdi meM yaha bAta dekhane meM nahIM AtI / kumudacandra ke sAmane bhaktAmarastotra rahA thA, phira bhI unhoMne aSTamahAbhaya viSayaka padya kalyANamandirastotra yA apanI dUsarI kRti cikUradvAtriMzikA meM grathita nahIM kiyA; kyoMki unake yahA~ yaha paramparA hI nahIM thI / yaha tathya bhI samprati carcA ke sandarbha meM upayukta bana sakatA hai / 4) pIche hama eka bAta aura bhI dekha cuke haiM ki bhaktAmara meM aSTa-mahAprAtihAryo ko lekara nahIM para AgamapraNIta atizayoM meM se cunakara cAra dRzyamAna-sAmIpyamAna vibhUtiyA~, jo tIrthaMkaroM kI dezanA ke samaya para pratyakSa banatI thIM. unakA hI varNana hai aura yaha paripATI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI kI zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyAoM aura kathAtmaka sAhitya meM bhI dekhane meM AtI hai / (dekhie tAlikA kramAMka 5 / ) isa tathya ke hI pariprekSya meM bhaktAmara ke vibhUti kA varNana karane vAle cAra hI maulika padya kI saMgati baiTha sakatI hai / (digambara paripATI meM yahI vibhUtiyA~ 34 atizayoM ke antargata nahIM, aSTa-mahAprAtihAryo meM samAviSTa haiM / isalie ve unakI dRSTi se zeSa raha jAte 4 prAtihArya stotra meM honA

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stotrakartA kA sampradAya 107 Avazyaka samajhate the / ) yaha muddA bhI prastuta sandarbha meM upayukta hai / 5) cAmara prAtihArya ke sambandha meM digambara mAnyatA meM cAmaroM prAya: do se adhika saMkhyA meM mAnA gayA hai / (dekhie tAlikA kramAMka 6) / kumudacandra ne cAmaroM ke "ogha" (samUha) kI bAta kI hai; to jinasena ke AdipurANa meM cAmarAli (cAmarAvalI) evaM 64 cAmaroM kI bAta kahI gaI hai / bhaktAmara meM bahulatA-darzaka koI izArA na hone se vahA~ "cAmarayugma' hI apekSita mAnanA ThIka hogA aura yaha hakIkata, stotrakAra mUlata: usa praNAlI kA anukaraNa kara rahA ho, aisA AbhAsa karAtI hai / do cAmaroM kI mAnyatA vAlI paripATI digambara nahIM hai / 6) atizayoM kI varNanA ke pazcAt stotra ke 32veM (digambara pATha ke 363) padya meM jinendra kA kamalavihAra ullikhita hai / digambara sampradAya meM tiloyapaNNattI aura samantabhadrakRta AptamImAMsA Adi pramANa meM prAcIna racanAoM meM jina kA nabhovihAra honA batAyA hai', aura vizeSa meM samantabhadra ke bRhadsvayambhUstotra meM jina padmaprabha kI stuti meM eka hI padya meM donoM prakAra ke vihAra (sandarbhAnusAra) sUcita haiM / bhaktAmara meM 'nabhoyAna' kA ullekha hai hI nahIM; vahA~ vaha bAta kahane ke lie cAra padayukta padya meM kahIM na kahIM avakAza hote hue bhI / yadi stotrakAra digambara the to isa mahattvapUrNa bAta kA jikra kyoM nahIM kiye ? 7) kriyAkalApa-TIkA ke kartA AcArya prabhAcandra (kavikarmakAla prAya: IsvI 1020-1060) ne jo kucha kahA hai usa para yahA~ aba vicAra karanA cAhie / unakA kahanA thA ki mAnatuMga nAma ke eka zvetAmbara mahAkavi the jo vyAdhigrasta ho gaye the aura eka nirgranthAcArya ne unako roga se mukta kraayaa| taba vaha unake ziSya bana gaye aura pUchane lage ki bhagavan ! aba maiM kyA karUM ? guru ne kahA stotra banAnA iSTa hai ! aura mAnatuMga ne paramAtmA kA guNa gAne vAle bhaktAmara zabda se Arambha hone vAlI stuti raca DAlI / yathA : "mAnatuGganAmA sitAmbaro mahAkavi: nirgranthAcAryavaryairapanItamahAvyAdhiH pratipannanirgranthamArgo bhagavan ? kiM kriyatAmiti bruvANo bhagavatAparamAtmano guNagaNastotraM vidhIyatAmityAdiSTaH bhaktAmaretyAdistutimAha / " prabhAcandrAcArya ne mAnatuMga ko, ve asala meM zvetAmbara the aura saMga-saMga mahAkavi bhI the, aisA spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai / mAnatuMga mahAkavi the aisI tasallI karAnevAlI to bhaktAmara (evaM bhayahara) ke sivA aura koI kRti naz2ara nahIM AtI, na to kahIM aisA koI ullekha hI milatA hai / aisI sthiti meM isa kathA ko tathyapUrNa mAnA hI jAya to digambara dantakathA kI dRSTi se bhI bhaktAmara kI racanA, mAnatuMga jaba ve zvetAmbara sampradAya kI AmAnyA meM rahe hoMge, tabhI kI ho sakatI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki roga dUra karanA-bhaiSajya se yA mantraprayoga se--vaha dhaMdhA nirgrantha muni ke kartavyoM meM, caryA meM mAnA nahIM gayA ! zvetAmbaroM ke lie to isakA Agamika niSedha hai hI, para digambara muni kI paricaryA meM bhI ina pravRttiyoM ko svIkRta AcAra ke viruddha evaM sadoSa, zithilAcAra hI mAnA jAyegA | mAnatuMga kA

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108 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra sampradAya-parivartana yadi huA hI ho to vaha koI siddhAnta ko lekara nahIM / tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki prabhAcandrAcArya ne, vaha digambara nirgranthAcArya kauna the, kisa saMgha yA anvaya ke rahe the, batAyA nahIM hai| isa kathA se to itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki prabhAcandra jAnate the ki stotrakartA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke the; kyoMki apane samaya meM, 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM, kama se kama mAlava sthita digambara sampradAya ke anuyAyioM meM, bhaktAmarastotra kA paThana hotA rahA hogA, isalie unake lie zvetAmbara racanAkAra ko digambara rUpa meM prastuta karanA apane-Apa z2arUrI bana gayA, jaisA zvetAmbaroM meM kalyANamandirastotra apanA lene se kumudacandra ko siddhasena banAkara zvetAmbara AmnAya meM rakha diyA ! ho sakatA hai, bhaktAmara ke kartA ke sambandha meM cala par3I digambara kathA ke prativAda meM zvetAmbara prabhAcandra ne yA unase kucha samaya pUrva ke kisI anya zvetAmbara kartA ne stotrakAra mAnatuMga pahale digambara the, bAda meM zvetAmbara bane, aisI kathA gar3ha dI ho / jo kucha bhI ho, sAmpratakAlIna digambara vidvadgaNa ko bhI kriyAkalApakAra prabhAcandra ke vidhAna kI satyatA meM zraddhA nahIM hai / varnA ve saba usa para bahuta hI z2ora diye binA nahIM rahate / 8) digambara dArzanika paMDita prabhAcandrAcArya se prAya: savA sau sAla pUrva zvetAmbarAcArya siddharSi ne "stotra' zabda ke udAharaNa meM bhaktAmara ko hI kyoM liyA, isakA eka marma yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki vaha usa kRti ko apane sampradAya meM banI huI mAnate hoMge / yadi vahI kisI digambara kartA kI racanA hotI to siddharSi udAharaNa zAyada kisI aura kA, jaise ki bappabhaTTisUri, nandiSeNa yA siddhasena divAkara kI kRti kA dete, bhaktAmara kA nahIM / 9) yaha bhI Azcaryajanaka hai ki mAnatuMga jaise pratiSThita AcArya kA zubhAbhidhAna bAda meM, kama se kama madhyakAla meM, aura munivaroM ne dhAraNa kiyA ho, aisA dAkhalA digambara sampradAya meM nahIM miltaa| yoM to vahA~ siMhanandI, samantabhadra, prabhAcandra, padmanandI, akalaMka, kumudacandra jaise mahAn AcAryoM ke nAma bAda meM bAra-bAra milate rahate haiM / udhara zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 'mAnatuMga' abhidhAna dhAraNa karane vAle muniyoM ke aneka udAharaNa haiM, jisa prakAra vajrasena, pAlitta kiMvA pAdalipta, bhadragupta, dharmaghoSa, siddhasena, jinabhadra, haribhadra Adi prAcIna pratiSThita AcAryoM ke / (madhyakAlIna 'mAnatuMga' AcAryoM kI gurvAvaliyA~ hamane yahA~ TippaNI meM rakha dI hai, vahA~ dekhA jA sakatA hai1 / ) bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMga ne yadi apanA sampradAya badala hI diyA hotA to 11vIM se lekara 14vIM-15vIM zatI taka jo 'mAnatuMga' nAmadhArI muniyoM kI zrRMkhalA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM milatI hai, vaha zAyada na mila pAtI / (tuGgAnta abhidhAna vAle aura bhI nAma zvetAmbaroM meM madhyakAla evaM uttara-madhyakAla meM milate haiM, jaise ki vijayatuMga (IsvI 10vIM-11vIM zatI), merutuGga (13vIM-14vIM zatI), bhuvanatuMga (14vIM-15vIM zatI) ityAdi / ) stotrakartA digambara hai aisA mAnane ke lie koI AMtarika pramANa yA bAhya sabUta yA viziSTa yukti hamAre sAmane isa vakta to nahIM hai, kintu eka tarka yaha bhI ho sakatA hai, mAnatuMgasUri 'yApanIya' rahe hoM yA uttara tarapha ke acela/kSapaNaka saMpradAya (jina ko zvetAmbara IsvI chaThI zatI se 'boTika' nAma se pahacAnate the) ke aura zvetAmbara tathA digambara ina donoM ko yaha bAta mAlUma na rahI ho / lekina stotrakAra kI kSapaNakatA yA yApanIyatA siddha karane vAlA yU~ to koI AMtarika pramANa upasthita nahIM hai|

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stotrakarttA kA sampradAya kriyAkalApakAra prabhAcandra kI kabUlAta aura siddharSi stava ke dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM bhaktAmara kA ullekha aura Upara carcita sabhI Antarika pramANoM se ve zvetAmbara rahe hoMge, aisA hI nirdeza milatA hai / zvetAmbara se yApanIya ko pRthak karane vAle khAsa to do hI pramANa mAne jAte hai; muni kA pUrNatayA nagna rahane kA siddhAnta evaM pANitalabhojI rahanA, aura vaha caryA para asAdhAraNa, atyadhika jora, jisakA stotra meM kahIM bhI jikra nahIM hai / jahA~ taka zvetAmbara na hone kA koI spaSTa pramANa na mile, upalabdha pramANoM, nirdezoM evaM parokSa niSkarSo ke AdhAra para ve uttara kI nirgrantha paramparA ke zvetAmbara AmnAya meM ho gaye the, aisA mAnanA tarkasaMgata hogA / philahAla isase adhika dRDha nirNaya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / TippaNiyA~ : 1. ajitakumAra zAstrI, "bha0 sto0, " anekAnta 2.1, pR0 70. 2. dekhie adhyAya 4, pR0 77. 3. ina kRtiyoM ke bAre meM dekhie yahA~ Akhira meM dI gaI sandarbhasUcI / 4. isake alAvA aura koI AdhAra naz2ara nahIM AtA / ina saba sAdhanoM ke samaya se pUrva, paurNamika muniratna kA pIche uddharaNa yahA~ sAtavA~ adhyAya meM de cukeM haiM / isase aMdAz2A lagA sakateM haiM ki IsvI 1169 meM mAnatuMga ko koI sAtavAhana rAjA (hAla ? ) ke samakAlIna mAnA jAtA thA / lekina sAtavAhana yuga meM bolabAlA prAkRta kI thI, saMskRta kI nahIM / lagatA hai yaha galata madhyakAlIna mAnyatA ke AdhAra para uttara madhyakAlIna karttAoM ne mAnatuMga ko IsvI tIsarI zatI kA mAna liyA ho / 5. "zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtra," zrIpaTTAvalI - parAgasaMgraha, jAlora 1966, pR0 140-141. 6. vahI, pR0 141. 7. kahIM kahIM digambara-mAnya kRtiyA~ meM bhI do cAmara kI bAta kahI gaI ho to bhI ve racanAe~ mUlataH digambara thI yA yApanIya usakA bhI nirNaya ho jAnA z2arUrI hai / 8. tIrthaMkaro ke 34 atizayoM kI varNanA meM trilokaprajJapti meM "nabhogamana" kA samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai; ti0 pa0, bhAga- 1, saM0 A0 ne0 upAdhye evaM prA0 hirAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA kramAMka- 9, zolApura 1943, gAthA 898, pR0 263, tathA devAgama aparanAma AptamImAMsA, saM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, dvi0 saM0 1978, prathama zloka, pR0 1, zloka isa prakAra hai / devAgama - nabhoyAna cAmarAdi vibhUtayaH / mAyAviSvapi dRzyante nAtastyamasi no mahAn / / - 9. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, "bhUmikA, " pR0 19. 10. prabhAcanda kI krIyAkalApa TIkA hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyI hai / 109 - 11. yogazAstra kI pratilipI kI prazasti saM0 1292 ( IsvI 1236) aMtargata paTTAvalI meM do mAnatuMga ke nAma Aye haiM, jina meM se prathama kA samaya IsvI 11vIM zatI uttarArdha hone kA aMdAjA ho sakatA hai /

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110 (candrakula) mAnadeva mAnatuMga ( prathama ) buddhisAgara padyumna devacandra mAnadeva pUrNacandra mAnatuMga (dvitIya) padmadeva (saM0 1292 / I0 sa0 1236 ) (dekhie Catalogue of Palm -Leaf Manuscripts in the Santinatha Jain Bhandara, Cambay, Pt. 2, GOS No. 144, Baroda 1966, pp. 259-261.) bRhadgacchIya mAnatuMga kA ullekha malayaprabha kI jayantIcaritraTIkA (saM0 1260 / I0 sa0 1204) jayantI praznottarasaMgraha vA siddhajayantI kI prazasti meM milatA hai / yathA : sarvadeva jayasiMha mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra candraprabha 1 dharmaghoSa zIlagaNa mAnatuGga malayaprabha (saM0 1260 / I0 sa0 1204 ) ( hameM yaha sUcanA mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAi ke jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, muMbaI 1932, pR0 340, kra0 494 se prApta hui hai / jinakA AdhAra pITarsana riporTa 3.45 thA / ) 12. bharuca se prApta za0 saM0 930 / IsvI 1008 ke dhAtu pratimA lekha meM nAgendra kula aMtargata vijayatuMgAcAryagaccha kA ullekha haiM / dekhie U.P.Shah, "A Dated Jaina Bronze from Broach (Gujarat), fashioned by Artist Govinda" Lalit-Kala 23, pp-19-20;

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pariziSTa mAnatuMga kI mudrA vAlA eka aura stotra bhI hai; prAya: 14 veM zataka se lekara ise zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMga kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai / stotra ke antargata paMcaparameSThi kA stutyAtmaka ullekha hone se usako paMcaparameSThistavana abhihita kiyA gayA hai aura cU~ki usakA prArambha 'bhattibbhara' zabda se hotA hai isalie vaha bhattibbharastotra bhI kahA jAtA hai / 'mAnatuMga' mudrA vAlA antima evaM prAraMbha kA padya yahA~ sandarbhArtha prastuta kiyA jAtA hai paMcanavakAra thuttaM laseNaM saMsiaM aNubhAveNaM / siri mANatuMga mAhiMdamujjalaM sivasuhaM ditu / / 32 / / / aura bhattibbharaamarapaNayaM paNamiya paramiTThipaMcayaM sirasA / navakArasAradhavaNaM bhaNAmi bhavvANaM bhayaharaNaM / / 1 / / yU~ to isa stuti ko dvAtriMzikA kahanA cAhie thA, parantu 32veM padya ke pazcAt tIna aura padya haiM, jo isake zravaNa-paThana kI mahimA rUpeNa haiM / prakAzaka kApar3iyA mahodaya ne isa stotra para kucha bhI vivecana nahIM kiyA / yadyapi ukta prakAzana meM se unhoMne zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anusAra mAnatuMga kI mAnI jAne vAlI kRtiyoM meM pUrva kI do atirikta isa bhaktibbharastava ko bhI zAmila kiyA hai, phira bhI ve khuda usako Adima mAnatuMgAcArya kI racanA mAnate the yA nahIM aisI koI spaSTatA vahA~ to nahIM kI hai; kintu granthAMtareNa unakA jo kathana prApta hai, usase kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve bhI usa racanA ko bhaktAmarakAra mAnatuMga munIzvara kI racanA hI mAnate the / stotra ke antaraMga parIkSaNa se to pUrNarUpa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha bhaktAmara-bhayaharakAra mAnatuMga kI racanA nahIM ho sakatI / yaha sAmAnya koTi kI kRti hai aura usameM aneka sthAna para madhyakAla meM hI saMbhavita vastu dRSTigocara hotI hai, aise lakSaNa bar3I saMkhyA meM mila jAte haiM / jaisA ki prathama padya meM "namukkAra" yA "namokkAra" kI jagaha "navakAra" zabda kA prayoga aura "paMcakkharanipphanno' jaise kRtrima evaM alAkSaNika prAkRta-zabdaguccha isake kartA prAcIna kAla ke 'mAnatuMga' hone kA apavAda karatA hai / nimna uTUMkita padya-caraNoM se bAta spaSTa bana jAyegI : tialoavasIkaraNaM mohaM sidhdhA kuNaM tu bhavaNassa / 4 / yAvuccA'natADananiuNA sAhU sayA saraha / / 5 / / paMcakkharanipphanno OMkAro paMcaparamiTThI / / 7 / /

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra vaTakalA arihaMtA tauNA sidhdhA ya loTakala sUri / / 10 / / paNNanivaho kakAi jesiM bIo hakAra pajaMto / / 13 / / kakkaDa tulA ya sAhU do daha zasI du paMcaparamiTThI / / 24 / / ti duaNasAmiNivajA mahamaM to mUlamaMtataMtAI / / 30 / / stotra meM ucca koTi kA bhaktirasa nahIM hai, na hI pUre stotra meM kahIM bhI udAtta bhaavaabhivykti| paMcaparameSThi ke Atmika guNAnuvAda bhI nahIM / sAhityika guNavattA bhI sAmAnya koTi kI hI haiM tathA bhaktAmara evaM bhayahara jaisI dedIpyamAnatA bhI nahIM / yaha, sabhI sthAna para sAdhAraNa prakAra kI kalpanA ke svAmI evaM maMtra-taMtrAdi meM AsthA rakhane vAle kisI anya hI, aura madhyakAlIna, mAnatuMga kI racanA pratIta hotI hai, jo na banI hotI to nirgrantha stutyAtmaka vAGmaya raMka ho jAtA aisA mAnane ke lie bAdhya karane vAlA eka bhI kAraNa upasthita nahIM hai / (isa viSaya meM kucha hama pIche bhI, adhyAya 5 meM, kaha cuke haiM / ) madhyakAla, jisameM 11vIM uttarArddha se lekara 13vIM 14vIM zatI taka jo tIna-cAra mAnatuMga ho gaye haiM, inameM se kisI eka kI yaha racanA ho sakatI hai / TippaNiyA~ :1. kApar3iyA, bhaktAmara0, pR0 237-239. 2. vahI, pR0 237, 239. 3. vahI, pR0 239. 4. vahI, pR0 237, 239. 5. kApar3iyA, jaina saMskRta sAhitya0, 2, pR0 313. 6. isa viSaya meM dekhiye adhyAya 8, TippaNI 11. (14vIM zatAdI meM mAnatuMga nAma dhAraNa karanevAle koI muni the aisA sandarbha dekhA thA / )

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bhaktAmarastotram bhaktAmarapraNatamaulimaNiprabhANAmuddyotakaM dalitapApatamovitAnam / samyak praNamya jinapAdayugaM yugAdA vAlambanaM bhavajale patatAM janAnAm / / 1 / yaH saMstutaH sakalavAGmayatattvabodhAdudbhUtabuddhipaTubhiH suralokanAthaiH / stotrairjagattritayacittaharairudAraiH stoSye kilAhamapi taM prathamaM jinendram / / 2 / / buddhyA vinA'pi vibudhArcitapAdapITha ! stotuM samudyatamatirvigatatrapo'ham / bAlaM vihAya jalasaMsthitamindubimba manyaH ka icchati janaH sahasA grahItum ? / / 3 / / vaktuM guNAn guNasamudra ! zazAGkakAntAn kaste kSamaH suragurupratimo'pi buddhyA ? / kalpAntakAlapavanoddhatanakracakraM ko vA tarItumalamambunidhiM bhujAbhyAm ? / / 4 / / so'haM tathApi tava bhaktivazAnmunIza ! kartuM stavaM vigatazaktirapi pravRttaH / prItyAtmavIryamavicArya mRgo mRgendraM nAbhyeti kiM nijazizoH paripAlanArtham ? / / 5 / / alpazrutaM zrutavatAM parihAsadhAma tvadbhaktireva mukharIkurute balAn mAm /

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114 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra yatkokila: kila madhau madhuraM virauti taccArucUtakalikAnikaraikahetuH / / 6 / / tvatsaMstavena bhavasaMtatisannibaddham pApaM kSaNAtkSayamupaiti zarIrabhAjAm / AkrAntalokamalinIlamazeSamAzu sUryAMzu-bhinnamiva zArvaramandhakAram / / 7 / / matveti nAtha! tava saMstavanaM mayeda mArabhyate tanu-dhiyApi tava prabhAvAt / ceto hariSyati satAM nalinIdaleSu muktAphaladyutimupaiti nanUdabinduH / / 8 / / AstAM tava stavanamastasamastadoSaM tvatsaMkathApi jagatAM duritAni hanti / dUre sahasrakiraNaH kurute prabhaiva padmA''kareSu jalajAni vikAsabhAJji / / 9 / / nAtyadbhutaM bhuvanabhUSaNa! bhUtanAtha ! bhUtairguNairbhuvi bhavantamabhiSTavantaH / tulyA bhavanti bhavato nanu tena kiM vA bhUtyAzritaM ya iha nAtmasamaM karoti ? / / 10 / / dRSTvA bhavantamanimeSavilokanIyaM nA'nyatra toSamupayAti janasya cakSuH / / pItvA payaH zazikaradyuti dugdhasindhoH kSAraM jalaM jalanidherazituM ka icchet ? / / 11 / / yaiH zAntarAgarucibhi: paramANubhistvaM nirmApitastribhuvanaikalalAmabhUta ! /

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mUlapAThA: tAvanta eva khalu te'pyaNavaH pRthivyAM yat samAnamaparaM na hi rUpamasti / / 12 / vaktraM kva te sura-naroraga - netra - hAri niHzeSanirjitajagattritayopamAnam / bimbaM kalaGkamalinaM kva nizAkarasya yadvAsare bhavati pANDupalAzakalpam / / 13 / / saMpUrNamaNDalazazAGkakalAkalApa zubhrA guNAstribhuvanaM tava laGghayanti / ye saMzritAstrijagadIzvara ! nAthamekam kastAn nivArayati saJcarato yatheSTam ? / / 14 / / citraM kimatra ? yadi te tridazAGganAbhi nItaM manAgapi mano na vikAramArgam / kalpAntakAlamarutA calitA'calena kiM mandarAdrizikharaM calitaM kadAcit ? / / 15 / / nirdhUmavartirapavarjitatailapUraH kRtsnaM jagattrayamidaM prakaTIkaroSi / gamyo na jAtu marutAM calitAcalAnAm dIposparastvamasi nAtha ! jagatprakAzaH / / 16 / / nAstaM kadAcidupayAsi na rAhugamyaH spaSTIkaroSi sahasA yugapajjaganti / nAmbhodharodaraniruddhamahAprabhAvaH sUryAtizAyimahimA'si munIndra ! loke / / 17 / / nityodayaM dalitamohamahAndhakAram gamyaM na rAhuvadanasya na vAridAnAm / 115

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mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra vibhrAjate tava mukhAbjamanalpakAnti vidyotayajjagadapUrvazazAGkabimbam / / 18 / / kiM zarvarISu zazinA'hni vivasvatA vA? yuSmanmukhendudaliteSu tamassunAtha! niSpannazAlivanazAlini jIvaloke kAryaM kiyajjaladharairjalabhAranapraiH / / 19 / / jJAnaM yathA tvayi vibhAti kRtA'vakAzaM naivaM tathA hariharAdiSu nAyakeSu / tejaH sphuranmaNiSu yAti yathA mahattvaM naivaM tu kAcazakale kiraNA''kule'pi / / 20 / / manye varaM hariharAdaya eva dRSTA dRSTeSu yeSu hRdayaM tvayi toSameti / kiM vIkSitena bhavatA bhuvi yena nAnyaH kazcin mano harati nAtha! bhavAntare'pi / / 21 / / strINAM zatAni zatazo janayanti putrAn nAnyA sutaM tvadupamaM jananI prasUtA / sarvA dizo dadhati bhAni sahasrarazmi prAcyeva digjanayati sphuradaMzujAlam / / 22 / / tvAmAmananti munayaH paramaM pumAMsa mAdityavarNamamalaM tamasaH parastAt / tvAmeva samyagupalabhya jayanti mRtyu nAnyaH zivaH zivapadasya munIndra ! panthAH / / 23 / / tvAmavyayaM vibhumacityamasaMkhyamAdyam brahmANamIzvaramanantamanaGgaketum /

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mUlapAThA: yogIzvaraM viditayogamanekamekam jJAnasvarUpamamalaM pravadanti santaH / / 24 / buddhastvameva vibudhArcitabuddhibodhAt tvaM zaMkaro'si bhuvanatrayazaMkaratvAt / dhAtA'si dhIra! zivamArgavidhervidhAnAt vyaktaM tvameva bhagavan ! puruSottamo'si / / 25 / / tubhyaM namastribhuvanA'rtiharAya nAtha ! tubhyaM namaH kSititalA'malabhUSaNAya / tubhyaM namastrijagataH paramezvarAya tubhyaM namo jina ! bhavodadhizoSaNAya / / 26 / ko vismayo'tra ? yadi nAma guNairazeSai stvaM saMzrito niravakAzatayA munIza ! / doSairupAttavividhAzrayajAtagarvaiH svapnAntare'pi na kadAcidapIkSito'si / / 27 / / uccairazokatarusaMzritamunmayUkha mAbhAti rUpamamalaM bhavato nitAntam / spaSTollasatkiraNamastatamovitAnam bimbaM raveriva payodharapArzvavarti / / 28 / / siMhAsane maNimayUkhazikhAvicitre vibhrAjate tava vapuH kanakA'vadAtam / bimbaM viyadvilasadaMzulatAvitAnam tuMgodayAdrizirasIva sahasrarazmeH / / 29 / / kundAvadAtacalacAmaracAruzobhaM vibhrAjate tava vapuH kaladhauta- -kAntam / 117

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118 udyacchazAGkazucinirjharavAridhAra muccaistaTaM suragireriva zAtakaumbham / / 30 / / chatratrayaM tava vibhAti zazAGkakAntamuccaiH sthitaM sthagitabhAnukarapratApam / muktAphalaprakarajAlavivRddhazobhaM prakhyApayat trijagataH paramezvaratvam / / 31 / / unnidrahemanavapaGkajapuJjakAnti paryullasannakhamayUkhazikhA'bhirAmau / pAdau padAni tava yatra jinendra ! dhattaH padmAni tatra vibudhA: parikalpayanti / / 32 / / itthaM yathA tava vibhUtirabhUjjinendra ! dharmopadezanavidhau na tathA parasya / yAdRk prabhA dinakRtaH prahatAndhakArA mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra tAdRk kuto grahagaNasya vikAsino'pi ? / / 33 / / zcyotanmadAvilavilolakapolamUla mattabhramadbhramaranAdavivRddhakopam / airAvatAbhamibhamuddhatamApatantam dRSTvA bhayaM bhavati no bhavadAzritAnAm / / 34 / bhinnebhakumbhagaladujjvalazoNitAkta muktAphalaprakarabhUSitabhUmibhAgaH / baddhakramaH kramagataM hariNAdhipo'pi nAkrAmati kramayugA'calasaMzritaM te / / 35 / / kalpAntakAlapavanoddhatavahnikalpaM dAvAnalaM jvalitamujjvalamutsphuliGgam /

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mUlapAThAH vizvaM jighatsumiva sammukhamApatantam tvannAmakIrttanajalaM zamayatyazeSam / / 36 / / raktekSaNaM samadakokilakaNThanIlaM krodhoddhataM phaNinamutphaNamApatantaM / AkrAmati kramayugena nirastazaGka stvannAmanAgadamanI hRdi yasya puMsaH / / 37 / / valgatturaGgagajagarjitabhImanAda mAjA balaM balavatAmaribhUpatInAm / udyaddivAkaramayUkhazikhA'paviddhaM tvatkIrtanAttama ivAzu bhidAmupaiti / / 38 / / kuntAgrabhinnagajazoNitavArivAha vegAvatArataraNAturayodhabhIme / yuddhe jayaM vijitadurjayajeyapakSA stvatpAdapaGkajavanAzrayiNo labhante / / 39 / / ambhonidhau kSubhitabhISaNanakracakrapAThInapIThabhayadolbaNavADavAnau / raGgattaraGgazikharasthitayAnapAtrA - strAsaM vihAya bhavataH smaraNAd vrajanti / / 40 / / udbhUtabhISaNajalodarabhArabhugnAH zocyAM dazAmupagatAzcayutajIvitAzAH / tvatpAdapaGkajarajo'mRtadigdhadehAH martyA bhavanti makaradhvajatulyarUpAH / / 41 / ApAdakaNThamuruzRGkhalaveSTitAGgA gADhaM bRhannigaDakoTinighRSTajaGgAH / 119

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120 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra tvannAmamantramanizaM manujAH smaranta: sadyaH svayaM vigatabandhabhayA bhavanti / / 42 / / mattadvipendra-mRgarAja-davAnalAhi saGgrAma-vAridhi-mahodara-bandhanottham / tasyAzu nAzamupayAti bhayaM bhiyeva yastAvakaM stavamimaM matimAnadhIte / / 43 / / stotrasrajaM tava jinendra ! guNairnibaddhAm bhaktyA mayA ruciravarNavicitrapuSpAm / dhatte jano ya iha kaNThagatAmajasraM taM mAnatuGgamavazA samupaiti lakSmIH / / 44 / /

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bhaktAmaragata pAThAntarANi loka paMkti pAThAntara mRgI taccAmracAru taccAru cAmra kSaNAd kSaNakSayamupaiti prasAdAt hariSyati bhuvanabhUSaNabhUta ! nAtha ! jagadIzvaranAthamekaM pustaka ratanalAla jaina jaina samAcAra adhipati pannAlAla (vasanta) (sAgara) jaina samAcAra adhipati amRtalAla zAstrI pannAlAla (vasanta) kaTAriyA jaina samAcAra adhipati guNAkara sUri amRtalAla zAstrI, pannAlAla zAstrI (vasanta) jaina samAcAra adhipati, rasikalAla kApar3iyA kaTAriyA kaTAriyA, pannAlAla jaina, pannAlAla jaina sAgara tejo yathA vrajati jAtyamaNau mahattvaM hIrAlAla kApar3iyA kAvyasaMgraha (pAThAntara) kaTAriyA, kApar3iyA, kAvyasaMgraha (pAThAntara) rapivarjita tejo mahAmaNiSu 20 8 kAcodbhaveSu na tathaiva vikAsakatvaM zakaleSu ruyAkuleSu purastAt 23 2 pavitraM vibudhAciti ! budhi trijagatI citraM kimatra . tavibudhAzraya. kApar3iyA phuTanoMTa, jaina samAcAra adhipati pannAlAla zAstrI (vasanta), pannA (sAgara) kaTAriyA, ratanalAla jaina kApar3iyA (pAdaTippaNI) kaTAriyA kaTAriyA kApar3iyA (pAdaTippaNI), kaTAriyA, durgAprasAda zAstrI 27 27 1 3

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122 31 2 39 39 41 42 43 44 44 45 45 46 47 47 48 3 4 1 2 3 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 prabhAvam kramagatAn kramagatAn calasaMzritAste calasaMzritAste nAgadamano balavatAmapi bhUpatInAm smarati cakre tava saMsmaraNAd bhagnAH manA sadya: sadyo Biao nAtha ! tasya praNAza yaste'nizaM rucira mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra ratanalAla jaina (pAThAntara meM ) kaTAriyA, ratanalAla jaina ( pAThAntara meM ) kaTAriyA, ratanalAla jaina ( pAThAntara meM ) kaTAriyA ratanalAla jaina (pAThAntara) kaTAriyA kApar3iyA, jaina samAcAra adhipati kaTAriyA kaTAriyA, durgAzaMkara zAstrI ( pAThAntara ) kaTAriyA, ratanalAla jaina ( pAThAntara ) kApar3iyA pAThAntara, ratanalAla jaina (pAThAntara) durgAprasAda zAstrI (pAThAntara) kaTAriyA ratanalAla jaina (pAThAntara) kaTAriyA kaTAriyA, pannAlAla saNara (vasanta) (pAThAntara ) kaTAriyA kaTAriyA

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bhayaharastotram apara nAma maUNa stotram namiUNa paNayasuragaNa-cUDAmaNikiraNaraMjiaM muNiNo / calaNajualaM mahAbhaya-paNAsaNaM saMthavaM vucchaM / / 1 / / natvA praNatasuragaNacUDAmaNikiraNaraJjitaM muneH / caraNayugalaM mahAbhayapraNAzanaM saMstavaM vakSye / / saDiyakaracaraNanahamuha-nibuDunAsA vivannalAyannA / kuTThamahArogAnala-phuliMga niddaDha savvaMgA / / 2 / / zaTitakaracaraNanakhamukhanimagnanAsA vipannalAvaNyAH / kuSThamahArogAnalasphuliGganirdagdhasarvAnAH / / te tuha calaNArAhaNa-salilaMjaliseyavuDDiyacchAyA / vaNadavadaDDAgiripA yava vva pattA puNo lacchiM / // 3 // te tava caraNArAdhanasalilAJjalisekavardhitacchAyAH / vanadavadagdhA giripAdapA iva prAptAH punarlakSmIm / / duvvAyakhubhiyajalanihi ubbhaDakallolabhIsaNArAve / saMbhaMtabhayavisaMThula-nijjAmayamukkavAvAre / / 4 / / durvAtakSubhite jalanidhau udbhaTakallolabhISaNArAve / sambhrAnta bhayavisaMsthula niryAmakamuktavyApAre / / avidaliajANavattA khaNeNa pAvaMti icchiaM kUlaM / pAsajiNacalaNajualaM nicvaM cia je namaMti narA / / 5 / / avidalitayAnapAtrA: kSaNena prApnuvanti IpsitaM kUlam / pArzvajinacaraNayugalaM nityameva ye namanti narAH / kharapavaNuddhUyavaNadava-jAlAvalimiliyasayaladumagahaNe / Dajjhatamuddhamayavahu- saNaravabhIsaNaMmi vaNe / / 6 / /

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124 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra kharapavanoddhUtavanadavajvAlAvalimarditasakaladrumagahane / dahyamAnamugdhamRgavadhUbhISaNaravabhISaNe vane / / jagaguruNo kamajualaM nivvAviasayalatihuaNAbhoaM / je saMbharaMti maNuA na kuNai jalaNo bhayaM tesiM / / 7 / / jagadguroH kramayugalaM nirvApitasakalatribhuvanAbhogam / ye saMsmaranti manujA na karoti jvalano bhayaM teSAm / / vilasaMtabhogabhIsaNa- phuriAruNanayaNataralajIhAlaM / aMgaM navajalaya-satthahaM bhIsaNAyAraM / / 8 / / vilasad bhogA'bhISaNasphuritAruNanayanataralajihvAlam / ugrabhujaGgaM navajaladasadRzaM bhISaNAkAram / / mannaMti kIDasarisaM dUraparicchuDavisamavisavegA / tuha nAmakkharaphuDasiddhamaMtagaruA narA loe / / 9 / / manyante kITasadRzaM dUraparikSiptaviSamaviSavegAH / tava nAmAkSarasphuTa siddhamantragurukA narA loke / / aDavI bhilla-takkara - puliMda - sahulasaddabhImAsu / bhayavihuravunnakAyara- ulluriyapahiyasatthAsu / / 10 / / aTavIsu bhilla-taskara - - pulinda - zArdUlazabdabhImAsu / bhayavihvalaviSaNNAkAtarolluNThitapathikasArthAsu / / aviluttavihavasArA tuha nAha ! paNAmamattavAvArA / vavagayavigghA sigghaMpattA hiya icchiyaM ThANaM / / 11 / / aviluptavibhavasArA: tava nAtha ! praNAmamAtravyApArA: / vyapagatavighnAH zIghraM prAptA hRdayepsitaM sthAnam / / pajjaliANalanayaNaM dUraviyAriamuhaM mahAkAyaM / nahakulisadhAyavialia - gaiMdakuMbhatthalAbhoaM / / 12 / / prajvalitAnalanayanaM dUravidAritamukhaM mahAkAyam / nakhakulizaghAtavidalitagajendrakumbhasthalAMbhogam / /

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mUlapAThA: 125 paNayasasaMbhamapatthiva-nahamaNimANikapaDiapaDimassa / / tuha vayaNapaharaNadharA sIhaM kulupi na gaNaMti / / 13 / / praNatasasambhramapArthivanakhamaNimANikyapatitapratimasya / tava vacanapraharaNadharA: sihaM kruddhamapi na gaNayanti / / sasidhavaladaMtamusalaM dIhakarullAlavuTTiucchAhaM / mahupiMganayaNajualaM sasalilanavaraMjalaharAyAraM / / 14 / / zazidhavaladantamusalaM dIrghakarollAlavardhitotsAham / madhupiGganayanayugalaM sasalilanavajaladharAkAram / bhImaM mahAgaiMdaM accAsatraM pite na vigaNaMti / je tumha calaNajualaM muNivai ! tuMgaM samallINA / / 15 / / bhImamahAgajendraM atyAsannamapi te na vigaNayanti / ye tava caraNayugalaM munipate ! tujhaM samAlInAH / / samarammi tikkhakhaggA-bhigyAyapaviddhaudbhuyakabaMdhe / kuMtaviNibhinnakarikalaha-mukkasikkArapauraMmi / / 16 / / samare tIkSNakhaDgAbhighAtapreritodbhutakabandhe / kuntavinirbhinnakarikalabhamuktasItkArapravare / / nijiadappuddhara riunariMdanivahA bhaDA jasaM dhavalaM / pAvaMti pAvapasamiNa! pAsajiNa! tuhappabhAveNa / / 17 / / nirjitadarpokSuraripunarendranivahA bhaTA yazodhavalam / prApnuvanti pApaprazamana ! pArzvajina! tava prabhAveNa / / roga-jala-jalaNa-visahara-corAri-maiMda-gaya-raNa-bhayAiM / pAsajiNanAmasaMkittaNeNa pasamaMti savvAiM / / 18 / / roga-jala-jvalana-viSadhara-caurAri-mRgendra-gaja-raNa-bhayAni / pArzvajinanAmasaGgIrtanena prazAmyanti sarvANi / / evaM mahAbhayaharaM pAsajiNiMdassa saMthavamuAraM / bhaviajaNANaMdayaraM kallANaparaMparanihANaM / / 19 / /

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126 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra evaM mahAbhayaharaM pArzvajinendrasya saMstavamudAram / bhavikajanAnandakaraM kalyANaparamparAnidhAnam / / rAyabhaya-jakkha-rakkhasa-kusumiNa-dussauNa-rikkhapIDAsu / saMjhAsu dosupaMthe uvasagge taha ya rayaNIsu / / 20 / / rAjabhaya-yakSa-rAkSasa-kusvapna duHzakuna-RkSapIDAsu / sadhyayo: dvayoH pathi upasarge tathA ca rajanISu / / jo paThati jo anisuNai tANaM kaiNo ya mANatuMgassa / pAso pAvaM pasameu, sayalabhuvaNacciyacalaNo / / 21 / / ya: paThati yazca nizrRNoti tayoH kavezca mAnatuGgasya / pArzva: pApaM prazamayatu sakalabhuvanArcitacaraNa: / /

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI (1) sAmpratakAlIna lekhaka (a) bhAratIya (hindI / gujarAtI / saMskRta) (1) AnandasAgarasUri sAgarasamAdhAna bhAga 1, (gujarAtI), AvRtti bIjI, surata vi0 saM0 2028 (IsvI 1972), pR0 286-288. (prathamAvRtti kA samaya hameM mAlUma nahIM hai / usa vakta sUrijI kA abhidhAna bAda ke sAgarAnandasUri ke bajAya zAyada AnandasAgara rahA ho / ) (2) upAdhyAya baladeva saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga, kAvya-khaNDa, dazama saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1978. (3) kaTAriyA, ratanalAla jaina nibandha ratnAvalI, le0 zrI milApacandra kaTAriyA (va) zrI ratanalAla kaTAriyA, zrI vIra zAsaka saMgha, kalakattA-vArANasI 1966, pR0 334-342, "bhaktAmara stotra" tathA vahI grantha, 'pariziSTa', pR0 438. (4) kalyANavijayamuni (1) zrI prabhAvaka carita (gujarAtI bhASAntara), zrI jaina AtmAnaMda granthamAlA naM0 63 bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 1987 ( IsvI 1931), "prabaMdhaparyAlocana' pR0 68-70 tathA, "mAnatuMgasUri prabandha" pR0 172-183. (2) pAvalI-parAgasaMgraha, dvitIya pariccheda, jAlora 1966, pR0 140-141. (5) kApar3iyA, hIrAlAla rasikadAsa (1-2) bhaktAmarastotrapAdapUrtirUpakAvyasaMgraha prathama vibhAga, tathA dvitIya vibhAga, Agamodaya samiti, muMbaI 1926, 1927. (3) "stuti stotrotuM paryAlocana" (gujarAtI), jainayuga, vaizAkha 1983 (I0 sa0 1927), pR0 446-450. (4) stuti-caturviMzatikA, kartA zobhanamuni, Agamodaya samiti, sUrata 1927. (5) bhaktAmarakalyANamandiranamiuNastotratrayam, zreSThi devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa zreNI, granthAMka 79, sUrata

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128 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (6) caturavijayamuni (7) caudharI, DA. gulAbacandra 1932. (EUR) Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Government Manuscripts Library, Vol. XIX, Sec I, Hymnology, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona 1962, pp. 2-27. (7) jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, khaNDa 2, dhArmika sAhitya, upakhaMDa 1, lalita sAhitya (gujarAtI), zrI muktikamala-jaina-mohanamAlA: puSpa 64, vaDodarA 1968, pra0 27, "zravya kAvyo', stuti-stotro, pR0 313-319 tathA pra0 31 "zravya kAvyo', '(a)jaina kRtionI pAdapUrti, bhaktAmara-stotranI pAdapUrtirUpa kAvyo [22]', pR0 434 440. jaina stotrasandoha (prAcIna-stotra-saMgraha), dvitIyo bhAga, ahamadAbAda 1936, 'prastAvanA' (gujarAtI), pR0 12-14. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA, 20, vArANasI 1973, "prastAvanA," pR0 561570. (1) "bhaktAmarastotra kI zloka saMkhyA," jaina saMdeza, zodhAMka 29, bhAga 41, saMkhyA 40, 'zodhakaNa' 3, mathurA, pharavarI 1971, pR0 218-220. (2) "prastAvanA," sacitra-bhaktAmara-rahasya (saM0 paM0 kamalakumAra jaina zAstrI 'kumuda'), bRhad saMskaraNa, dillI 1977, pR0 18-40. "saMpAdakIya," bhaktAmarastotra, (dillI 1956) , pR0 9-26. (1) bhaktAmararahasya (gujarAtI), (saM0 paM0 dhIrajalAla TokarazI zAha), ahamadAbAda 1971, 'paMcamo khaNDa, kAvya samIkSA' (gujarAtI), pR0 387-408. (2) "bhaktAmara stotra samIkSAtmaka sarvekSaNa' (gujarAtI), jainaratnaciMtAmaNi, saM0, nandalAla bI0 devaluka, zrI arihaMta prakAzana, bhAvanagara 1985, pR0 847-851. (1) "zrI bhaktAmara stotra" (gujarAtI), jaina satya prakAza, varSa (8) jaina, DA0 jyotiprasAda (9) jaina, hIrAlAla 'kauzala' (10) tripAThI, DA0 rudradeva (11) tripuTI muni

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI (12) darzanavijaya muni (13) desAI, mohanalAla dalicaMda (14) paM0, durgAprasAda aura paraba, kAzInAtha pANDuraGga (15) navAba, sArAbhAI maNilAla (16) nAhaTA, agaracanda (17) prajApati, DA0 maNibhAI i0 129 8, I0 sa0 1942, aMka 1, pR0 25-28. (2) jaina paramparAno itihAsa, (gujarAtI), khaNDa 1, vi0 saM0 2008 (vIra saM0 2479), I0 sa0 1952, pR0 362368. " digambara zAstra kaise bane ? prakaraNa 11 A0 zrI mAnatuMga sUri" (hindI), jaina satya prakAza, pu0 2, aMka 10, 1937, pR0 516-518. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, muMbaI 1932. " zrImAnatuGgAcArya viracitaM bhaktAmarastotram" (saMskRta), kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI 1896, pR0 1-10. " bhaktAmara stotra," gujarAtI, pUrvAcArya viracita mahAprabhAvika navasmaraNa, zrI jaina prAcIna sAhityoddhAra granthAvalI puSpa 6, amadAbAda 1938, pR0 315-459. ( 1 ) " bhaktAmara stotra ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 44 yA 48 ?" (hindI), zramaNa, varSa 21, agasta 1970, aMka 100, pR0 27-31. (2) "bhaktAmara stotra ke pAdapUrtirUpa stavakAvya" (hindI), zramaNa, varSa 21, sitambara 1970, aMka 11, pR0 25-29. (3) " bhaktAmara ke 4-4 atirikta padya" (hindI), jaina saMdeza, zodhAMka 29, mathurA 1971, pR0 199-202. (4) "bhaktAmara kalyANamandira ubhaya pAdapUrti - rUpa pArzvanAtha stotra" (hindI), jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 32, kiraNa 2, ArA disambara 1979, pR0 10-15. (5) "bhaktAmara stotra aura vaidika stutiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka" (hindI), sanmati vANI, varSa 8, aMka 11, indaura maI 1979, pR0 21-22. " jaina sAhityamAM adbhuta evaM stotra sAhitya" (gujarAtI), jainaratnaciMtAmaNi, saM0 nandalAla bI0 devaluka, zrI arihaMta prakAzana, bhAvanagara 1985, pR0 684-693.

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130 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (18) premI, paM0 nAthUrAma "prastAvanA' bhaktAmarastotra, jainagrantharatnAkarakAryAlaya, bambaI 1916, tathA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI 1956. (19) mukhatAra, paM0 jugalakizora jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, kalakattA1956. (20) zAstrI, ajitakumAra jaina (1) "bhaktAmarastotra'' (hindI), anekAnta, varSa-2, kiraNa 1, nyU dillI vi0 saM0 1995 (IsvI 1938), pR0 70-71. (2) "paricaya' (hindI), bhaktAmarastotra, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina 'kauzala', dillI 1956, pRSTha 27-33. (21) zAstrI, paM0 amRtalAla "bhaktAmarastotram," rAjavidyAmandira prakAzana-1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1969. (22) zAstrI, DA0 nemicandra (1) "AcArya mAnatuMga' (hindI), anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 6, pharavarI 1966, pR0 242-247. (2) saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna (hindI), jJAnapITha mUrtidevI granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka 14, dillI 1971, pR0 500-504. (3) "kavIzvara mAnatuMga', (hindI), bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina-vAGmaya kA avadAna, (prathama khaNDa), sAgara 1982, pR0 211-218. (23) zAha, paM0 dhIrajalAla TokarazI bhaktAmararahasya, pahelo khaNDa, "prAstAvika' (gujarAtI), muMbaI 1971, pR0 3-65. (24) zAha, popaTalAla kevalacanda "bhaktAmarastotra ane zrI mAnatuMgAcArya' (gujarAtI), jainayuga, pustaka 4, vi0 sa0 1985 (I0 sa0 1929), aSAr3ha-zrAvaNa, aMka 11-12, pR0 477-479. (25) zAha, ramaNalAla cI0 "bhaktAmarastotra-keTalAka prazno" (gujarAtI), prabuddha jIvana, muMbaI 16-4-87, pR0 203-204, 206. (A) bhAratIya (aMgrejI) 1. Upadhye, A. N. Siddhasena's Nyayavatara and Other Works, Bombay 1971. 2. Bhattacharya, D. C. "An Unknown form of Tara" in The Sakticult And Tara (Ed. D.C. Sirkar), Calcutta 1967, pp. 134-142.

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI 3. Dhavalikar, M. K. "The origin of Tara," Bulletin of the Deccan College, Re, INST, Vol XXIV, Poona 1963-64, pp. 14-20. 4. Mitra, Debala. "Ashtamahabhaya-Tara," Journal of the Asiatic Society, Letters and Science, Vol. XXIII, No. 1. Calcutta 1957, pp. 19-22& Plates I-III. 5. Sen Gupta, R. "A sculptural Representation of the Buddhist Litany at Ellora," Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Vol. 5, (1955-57), Bombay, pp. 12-15. 6. Shah, U. P. (1) "Evolution of Jaina Iconography and Symbolism", Aspects of Jaina Art, Eds. U. P. Shah and M. A. Dhaky, Ahmedabad 1975. pp. 49-74, Figs. 1-28. (2) "A dated Jaina Bronze from Broach (Gujarat), fashioned by Artist Govinda',' Lalit Kala, 23, pp. 19-20. 7. Yazdani, G. The Rock-Hewn Temples of Aurangabad : Their Sculpture and Architecture, London 1937, Fig. 6. (i) videzI lekhaka (aMgrejI-jarmana lekhana) 1. Jacobi, Hermann (I) Indische Studien, 14, 1876, p. 359. (II) 'Foreward' in the Bhaktamara, Kalyana___mandira and Namiuna Stotratrayam, (Ed. ___H. R. Kapadia), Surat 1932, pp. I. VIII. 2. Keith, A. Berriedale, A History of Sanskrit Literature, Reprint, London 1962, pp. 214-215. 3. Winternitz, Maurice, A History of Indian Literature, vol. II, "Buddhist and Jain Literature" sec. ed, reprint, Delhi 1977, pp. 549-551. 4. Glassenpp, Helmuth Von Der jainismus, Berlin 1925; Eng-Ver. Jainism, trans. S. B. Shrotri, Delhi 1998. (2) mAnatuGga sambaddha maulika prabandhAtmakAdi sAhitya (1) prabhAvaka carita (kartA rAjagacchIya prabhAcandrAcArya), saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 13, ahamadAbAda-kalakattA 1940, "mAnatuMgasUricarita," pR0 112-117. / (2) prabandhaciMtAmaNi (kartA nAgendracchIya merutuMgAcArya), saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 1, zAntiniketana 1933,

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132 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra 12. "mAnatuMgAcArya-prabandha," pR0 44-45. (3) purAtana prabandha saMgraha saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 2, kalakattA 1936, "zrImAnatuMgAcAryaprabandha," pR0 15-16. (4) bhaktAmarastotra vivRtti (kartA rudrapallIya guNAkara sUri), saM0. hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA, bhaktAmarakalyANamandiranamiuNastotratrayam, zreSThi devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthAGka 79, sUrata 1932. (3) paTTAvaliyA~ (1) zrI paTTAvalIsamuccaya prathama bhAga, saM0 muni darzanavijaya, vIramagAma 1933. (2) zrI paTTAvalI samuccaya bhAga bIjo, saM0 muni zrI jJAnavijaya, amadAbAda 1950. (3) vividhagacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha prathama bhAga, saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 53, bambaI 1953. (4) gurvAvalI (kartA muni sundarasUri), zrI yazovijaya granthamAlA(4), kAzI vi0 saM0 2431 (I0 sa0 1904). (4) Agama aura Agamika sAhitya (kAlakramAnusAreNa) (1) dazavaikAlikasUtra dasaveyAliyasuttaM, uttarAjhayaNAI, AvassayasuttaM, saM0 puNyavijaya muni, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya jaina Agama granthamAlA, granthAMka 15, muMbaI 1977. (2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra vahI. (3) RSibhASitAni isibhAsiyAI, Ed. Walther Schubring, L. D. Series 45, Ahmedabad 1974. (4) sthAnAMgasUtra ThANaMga suttaM samavAyAMga suttaM ca, saM0 muni jambUvijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, jaina Agama granthamAlA, ganthAMka 3, muMbaI 1985. (5) samavAyAMgasUtra vahI. (6) aupapAtika sUtra Agamodaya samiti, muMbaI 1996. (7) Avazyakaniyukti (bhAga 1-2), muMbaI vi0 saM0 2038 (I0 sa0 1982). (8) vizeSAvazyakabhASya (kartA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa), dvitIya bhAga, saM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI zreNi, kramAMka 14, ahamadAbAda 1938, pR0 341. (9) AvazyakacUrNi saM0 AnandasAgara sUri , ratalAma 1928, pR0 325-326.

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI . 133 (10) sUyagaDaMga suttaM prathamo bhAga, prAkRta grantha pariSada, granthAMka 19, ahamadAbAda, (niyukti cUrNi sahitA) vArANasI 1975. (11) trilokaprajJapti tiloyapaNNattI, bhAga 1, saM0 A0 ne0 upAdhye / hirAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 1, zolApura 1943, pR0 264-265. (12) upadezamAlA (vRtti sahitA) (kartAsaMghadAsa gaNI, vRttikartA siddharSi), mUla : saM0 municandravijaya, muMbai 1991. (13) dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa (kartA kRSNarSiziSya jayasiMhasUri, siMghI jaina granthamAlA [granthAMka 28] saM. lAlacaMdra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, muMbaI 1949. (14) pravacanasAroddhAra (kartA nemicandra sUri), saM0 vajrasenavijaya, ahamadAbAda 1992, pR0 199. (5) guptakAlIna, anuguptakAlIna aura prAk-madhyakAlIna Agametara sAhitya (kAlakramAnusAreNa) (1) paumacariya (kartA nAgendrakulIna vimalasUri), mUla saM0 haeNrmanna yakaoNbI, saM0 muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSada, granthAMka 6, vArANasI 1962, pR0 11-12, 32. (2) vasudevahiMDI (vasudevacarita) (kartA saMghadAsa gaNI), saM0 muni caturavijaya / muni puNyavijaya, zrI AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA, ratna 80, bhAvanagara 1930, pR0 341. (3) kuvalayamAlAkahA (kartA udyotana sUri), bhAga 1, saM0 A0 ne0 upAdhye, siMdhi jaina zAstra zikSApITha, muMbaI 1959, pR0 97. (4) harivaMzapurANa (kartA punnATasaMghIya jinasena), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta granthAMka 27, dillI-vArANasI 1978, pR0 183, pR0 114-118. (5) AdipurANa (kartA paJcastUpAnvayI bhagavajjinasena), prathama bhAga, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina nirgranthamAlA, saMskRta granthAMka 8, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, kAzI 1963, pR0 542-549. (6) caupannamahApurisacariya (kartA nirvRtikulIna zIlAcArya), saM0 paM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka, prAkRta grantha pariSada granthAGka 3, vArANasI 1961.

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134 mAnatuMgAcArya aura unake stotra (6) stutistotrAdi sAhitya (1) dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA __ (kartA siddhasena divAkara), saM0 vijayasuzIlasUri, ahamadAbAda 1977. (2) caNDIzataka (kartA bANabhaTTa), kAvyamAlA gucchaka 4, saM0 paMDita durgAprasAda aura kAzInAtha pAMDuraMga paraba, muMbaI 1937. (3) saddharmapuNDarIka (1) Saddharmapundarika-shtra, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts-No.6, Ed. P. L. Vaidya, Darbhanga 1960. (2) vahI, vihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSada, paTanA 1967. (4) sUryazataka (kartA mayUra kavi), (vyA0 ramAkAnta tripAThI), vidyAbhavana saMskRta granthamAlA 106, vArANasI 1964, tathA motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, punarmudraNa 1983. (5) stutividyA (kartA samantabhadra) saM0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, sarasAvA vi0 saM0 2007 (I0 sa0 1951). (6) svayambhUstotra (kartA samantabhadra), saM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, 'yugavIra', vIra sevAmandira, sarasAvA 1951. (7) sragdharAstotra (kartA yazomitra), AryatArAmragdharAstotram, saM0 janArdana zAstrI pANDeya, ilAhAbAda 1995. (7) stutistotrAdi samuccaya granthoM (1) kriyA-kalApa saM0 pannAlAla sonI-zAstrI, AgarA vi0 sa0 1993 (I0 sa0 1937). (2) jainastotrasaMgraha bhAga-1, yazovijaya granthamAlA, vArANasI vI0saM0 2032 / IsvI 1905; dvitIya bhAga, dvitIyAvRtti, / vArANasI vI0 saM0 2439 / IsvI 1917. (3) jainastotrasandoha bhAga-1, saM0 muni caturavijaya, prAcIna (jaina) sAhityoddhAra granthAvalI, prathama puSpa, ahamadAbAda 1932. (4) jainastotrasandoha bhAga-2, saM0 muni caturavijaya, ahamadAbAda 1936. (mantrAdhirAja cintAmaNi) (5) zrIsaptasmaraNastava: zrIjinadattasUriprAcInapustakoddhAraphaNDa (sUrata), granthAGka :- (46), sUrata 1942.

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sandarbhagrantha-sUcI ___ 135 (6) prathamagucchaka (7) stuti taraMgiNI (8) stuti taraMgiNI (9) yati kriyA saMgraha (10) humbuja-zramaNa-siddhAnta pAThAvali (11) zrI vimalabhakti saMgraha (1) kAlidAsa-granthAvalI (2) samAdhi-zataka (3) ajJAtakartRka prabandha-catuSTaya (4) amamasvAmicarita zrI digambara jaina graMthabhaMDAra kAzI, pra0 pannAlAla caudharI, kAzI vi0 saM0 1982. saMskRta bhAga 2 , saM0 vijayabhadraMkarasUri, madrAsa vi0 saM0 2043 (I0 sa0 1987). bhAga 3, saM0 vijayabhadraMkarasUri, madrAsa vi0 saM0 2039 (I0 sa0 1983). saM0 mainAbAi jaina, nAgapura 1982. saM0 AryikA kulabhUSaNamati, zrI digambara jaina kunthu vijaya granthamAlA samiti, puSpa 4, jayapura 1982. zrI syAdvAda vimala jJAnapITha, puSpa 27, sonAgira. (8) prakIrNa saM0 revAprasAda dvivedI, vArANasI 1986. saM0 rAujI nemacaMda zAha, dvitIya saMskaraNa, aligaMja 1962. saM0 ramaNIyaka ma0 zAha, ahamadAbAda 1994. (kartA pUrNimAgacchIya muniratnasUri), saM0 vijayakumuda sUri, amadAvAda vi0 saM0 1998 (I0 sa0 1982) (kartA tapAgacchIya dharmaghoSa gaNi), saM0 lAbhavijaya gaNi, AgamoddhAragranthamAlA, ratna 41, kapaDavaMja vi0 saM0 2036, (I0 sa0 1970). (kartA khaMDilagacchIya bhAvadeva sUri), saM0 paM0 haragoviMdadAsa paM0 becaradAsa, zrI yazovijayajainagranthamAlA 32 vArANasI vi0 saM0 2438 (IsvI 1911). (kartA tapAgacchIya devavimala sUri), saM0 paM0 zivadatta aura paM0 kAzInAtha zarmA, kAlandrI vi0 saM0 2041 (IsvI 1985). saM0 paM0 pannAlAla sonI, mANikacandra-digambara-jaina granthamAlA, grantha 21, bambaI vi0 1979 (IsvI 1923). (5) sittuMja-kappo (6) pArzvanAtha caritra (7) hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya (8) siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahaH

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