Pathik 2003 Vol 43 Ank 10 11 12

Author(s): Bhartiben Shelat, Subhash Bramhabhatt
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535516/1

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pathika PATHIK QUARTERLY JOURNAL : HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY V.S. 2059 Vols. 10-11-12 July-Aug.-Sept. 2003 Mother Goddesses : Dholavira (ASI) Editors Dr. Bharati Shelat Prof. Subhash Brahmbhatt satyameva jayate w DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT PATHIK KARYALAY, Clo. B.J.Institute, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9. For Private and Personal Use Only

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V WE w WA?! Voo [ Seals : Dholavira (Courtesy : ASI) ] NASA AP - A - 4. DS Bhd MIN [ View of the EastGate interior : Dholavira (Courtesy : ASI) 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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DIOL AVIRA HARAPLAN CITY 1999 - 2002 *W got es "TT77. Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra Santuar. Es wizza Rupqu.c m 11.7 CZUETAT . Casta Citadel MAM LAN KM A A D. Ballay c. Md. Town d. Lower town .. Carmonial Ground 1. Reservoir curies AS)

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parika PATHIK QUARTERLY JOURNAL : HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY S. 2059 43rd Year Vols. 10-11-12 July-Aug. Sept. 2003 A Special Issue on Field Archaeologists and Historians of Gujarat Editors Dr. Bharati Shelat Prof. Subhash Brahmbhatt satyameva jayate avibhaka vibhakteSu tajjJAnaM viddhi mAtvikam DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT Financial Assistance Director, Dept. Of Archaeology Govt. Of Gujarat PATHIK KARYALAY, C/. B.J.Institute, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sUcanA PATHIK Founder editor Late Mansingji Barad Mamber of the Trust pathika dara trIjA aMgrejI mahinAnI Dr. K.K. Shastri Dr. Chinubhai Nayak 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze. Dr. Bharati Shelat * Prof. Subhash Brahmbhatt pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa oNphisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. QUARTERLY JOURNAL: HISTORY, CULTURAL & ARCHAEOLOGY pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA V.s. 2059 43 YEAR VOLs. 10,11,12 JULY-AUG-SEPT., 2003 jJAnanuM sAmayika che. jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa A Special Issue on ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone Field Archaeologists svIkAravAmAM Ave che. and Historians of Gujarat prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. aMgrejI, gujarAtI athavA hindI lekha sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joIe. lekhamAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo jarUrI che. pathikamAM prasiddha lakhonA vicAroabhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rU. 100/- che. parata karAze. AjIvana sabhyapada rU. 501/- che. | ma.o., DrAphTa-patro mATe lakho. pathika kAryAlaya A vizeSAMkanI kiMmata rU. 50-00 C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, | eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, tA.ka. : pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama jeoe nathI mokalyuM teone have, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pachI pathikano AgAmI aMka TapAla karavAmAM nahIM Ave. | pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka-prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, clo. bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca.ke. kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : kriSnA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 * phona : 7494393, mobA. 9426300640 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Editorial aitihye dRDhalabdhavastuni purAtattvakRtigranthile / zAstre'smin vA saMvidhAtari sama lIlAyate bhAratI // It gives us great pleasure to publish the special issue of our quarterly Journal Pathik on 'The Eminent Historians and Archaeologists of Gujarat'. The issue includes various articles on the distinguished scholars of eminence in the field of History, Culture and Archaeology of Gujarat. We have also included the articles on leading Archaeologists who hailed from outside the Gujarat region but made this land their field of research, Archaeology is a complement of history and hence bears closest relation with history. No modern historian can neglect archaeology if he is to pursue the study of history not as a record of wars and the story of kings but as the organized knowledge of the development of human civilization. In a way archaeology has revolutionized history. It has enlarged the spatial horizon of history in much the same degree as the telescope enlarged astronomy's vision of space. The great scholars of history and Archaeology of Gujarat have played a significant role in illuminating the through researches in these fields and their investigations have opened up rich stores of material for the reconstruction of the history of our nation. They will be the milestones in the elucidation of the History and Archaeology of Gujarat for years to come. The publication of this valuable special issue of Pathik became possible due to the publication grant sanctioned by the department of Archaeology, Gujarat State. We take this opportunity to thank various scholars and writers who have contributed their leamed articles in English and Gujarati for this special issue. We also acknowledge our sincere thanks to Dr. Nirmala Sharma for designing the cover page for this issue and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) for providing us the photographs of Dholavira. Last but not the least we thank the Organizers of Krishna Graphics who have given us untiring services for the publication. Editorial Board for this special issue Prof. Subhash Brahmabhatt Dr. Bharati Shelat Y. S. Ravat Principal Director, Director Shree H.K.Arts College B.J.Institute of Learning Dept. of Archeology, Ashram Road, & Research, Gujarat State Ahmedabad-9 Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Founder editor Late Mansingji Barad Mamber of the Trust Dr. K.K. Shastri * Dr. Chinubhai Nayak Dr. Bharati Shelat * Prof. Subhash Brahmbhatt PATHIK QUARTERLY JOURNAL : HISTORY, CULTURAL & ARCHAEOLOGY YEAR 43 VOLS. 10,11,12 JULY-AUG-SEPT., 2003 V.S. 2059. A Special Issue on An Excellent Field Archaeologist - Scholars and Historians of Gujarat CONTENTS 9 Dr. M. K. Dhavalikar Dr. V.H. Sonawane Dr. K. Krishnan 4. Yadubir Singh Rawat 20 9. Dr. H. D. Sankalia : A Born Archaeologist 2. Professor B. Subbarao - An Archaeologist 3. Contributions of Professor K.T.M. Hegde to Indian Archaeology : An Appreciation Ravindra Singh Bisht - A Scholar and An Excellent Field Archaeologist 4. Dr. Ziyaud-din A. Desai - A Great Scholar 6. esa. Ara. rAva dRSTivAna ane karmaTha purAtattvavida 7. gujarAtanA itihAsavida pro. ema.esa. komisAriyeta 8. vizvavidyuta pratibhAvaMta sthApatyavida prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI 9. itihAsakAra durgAzaMkara zAstrI (I.sa. 1882-1952) 10. sva. rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha 11. akiMcana sArasvata ke.kA. zAstrI 12. prasiddha itihAsakAra ane saMskRtivida DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI 13. sva. DaoN. kAMtilAla phUlacaMda somapurA 14. (DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha - jIvana ane kArya 15. purAtattvavida DaoN. 2. nA. mahetA P. V. Janardhanan DaoN. atula tripAThI Do. ramezakAMta go. parIkha Do. jitendra bI. zAha IlAbena dave DaoN. thomasa paramAra pri. subhASa brahmabhaTTa DaoN. bhAratI zelata DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA ravi ga. hajaranIsa DaoN. paMkaja desAI For Private and Personal Use Only

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88 90 vAya.ema.cItalavAlA DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA DaoN. ramezakAMta go. parIkha prA. manubhAI bI. zAha DaoN. esa.vI.jAnI prA. DaoN. kalpA e. mANeka nareza aMtANI 94 99 10e 117 124 16. DaoN. jheDa.e.desAI 17. purAtattva-jagatanA tAralAo. 18. itihAsavida bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma 19. bhagavAnalAla IndrajI bhaTTa (I.sa. 1939-1888) 20. vallabhajI haridatta AcArya (1840-1911) 21. girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya 22. maganalAla dalapatarAma khambara 23. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa (1895-1955) : gujarAtanA eka samartha itihAsakAra 24. purAtattva kSetre pAyAnA kAryakara zrI jayendrabhAI 25. purAtattva pratibhA - zrI pI. pI. paMDyA 26. purAtattvapremI ane abhyAsu adhikArI puSyakAnta dhoLakiyA 27. makaraMda mahetA ane temanAM saMzodhanomAMthI vyakta thatI. aitihAsika vibhAvanA 28. sva.zrI zaMbhuprasAda haraprasAda dezAI ane purAtattvapremI sva. zrI maNibhAI vorA 29. itihAsa-saMskRti ane purAtattvanA nAmAMkita vidvAno 126 133 saMjaya brahmabhaTTa DaoN. raseza jamInadAra vAya. ema. cItalavAlA bharatakumAra' prA. ThAkara 136 140 DaoN. vikeza paMDyA 142 DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA DaoN. Ara.TI. sAvaliyA 150 153 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Dr. H. D. Sankalia : A Born Archaeologist Dr. M. K. Dhavalikar* SIN * Prof. H. D. Sankalia was a pioneer in every sense of the term. His contribution to Indian Archaeology was immense. Although his parents wanted him to be trained as a lawyer. he devoted himself to archacology for which he was destined. Dr. Sankalia had narrated a very interesting anecdote in his autobiography which is rightly titled Born for Archaeology. As astrologer had told his parents that according to a Nadi grantha he was destined to be a Jirna-shodhaka. It is indeed surprising that a four Hundred years old Sanskrit text should coin the word jirna-shodhaka a when the discipline of archaeology itself was not born. Dr. II. D. Sankalia Dr. Sankalia had his cducation at Bombay in St. Xavier's College where Father Heras selected him because of his enthusiasm and interest in research. In fact it was Father Heras who should be given credit of bringing Dr. Sankalia to archacology. He insisted and convinced Dr. Sankalia's parents that he should be sent to England for advanced studies in Archaeology. There was no archaeology worth the name at Bombay either in the colleges or university in thirtees when Dr. Sankalia was a student. He studied History and Sanskrit at B.A. and was awarded M.A. for his thesis on University of Nalanda. In England he joined University of London where he was given systematic training by Dr. F. J. Richards for whom Dr. Sankalia had all praise. The discipline and methodical manner of study was imbibed on him by Dr. Richards which Dr. Sankalia had meticulously followed during the last five decades. In England Dr. Sankalia's topic for Ph.D. thesis was "The Dynastic History of Gujarat Monuments". He was awarded Ph.D. by University of London for his thesis but the most important was the training that he received from Sir Mortimer wheeler in his excavations at Maiden Castle, Dorset. In between he had to come to India for appearing for an interview at the Union public Service Commission in Simla. The Government of India did not find him suitable for Archacology. However, he utilized this visit for attending excavations at Chanhu-daro which Dr. E. J. H. Mackay was then conducting. Dr. Sankalia again attended for second time an interview for the post of Assistant Superintendent in Archaeological Survey of India but fortunately for the world of archacology he was rejected. Had he been selected * Retd. Director, Deccan College, Pune ulas dudas - gaut-241OLZ2-78342, 2003 * 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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he would have been just another officer of Government of India a mere cog in the wheel pushing files. Destiny had marked him for Deccan College in Poona, which was closed in 1934 by the then Government of Bombay, but was reopened as a research institute in 1939. On the first day on 17th August, 1939, Dr. Sankalia joined as Professor of Archacology and began his odyssey in Archaeology. Since then he had never looked back nor did he attempt to go to any other organization notwithstanding the fact that there were several lucrative offers from state governments and universities. But with single mined devotion Dr. Sankalia pursued his research in Archaeology at the Deccan College. Among his first objectives was the prehistoric investigations in Gujarat which he carried out along with late Dr. Iravati Karve, a well-known anthropologist at Deccan college. He brought to light and firmly established the Mesolithic phase by his excavations at Langhnaj. Similarly his exploration in the Godavari valley near Nasik was a systematic study of the Palacolithic industry. This work is more important because for the first time there was evidence of the Middle Palaeolithic. His later work at Nevasa established the Middle Palaeolithic phase in Indian Archaeology. During his sojourn in London Dr. Sankalia had not studied Stone Age archaeolgoy but on his return to India he very carefully studied the works of Robert Bruce Foote and was inspired to work in Palacolithic archaeology. In this field perhaps the most spectacular discovery which he made was to prove the existence of Palaeolithic man in the Kashmir valley. He found convincing evidence of stone tools at Pahelgam which he dated to the first Inter-glacial some five lakh years ago. What was more, he had found the traces of Stone Age man on the very site where his house is built in the Deccan College Campus. Dr. Sankalia's another achievement is the discovery of the chalcolithis phase in Indian Archaeology. Although he carried out excavations at Kolhapur, a historical site, he was not much interested in it because the way the things were organized by the erstwhile state. The chance discovery of copper implements and painted pottery at Jorwe led him to excavate the site simultaneously with his excavations at Nasik. With this knowledge he also excavated at Maheshwar and Navdatoli in Central India and at Nevasa in Maharashtra. All these excavations added to his glory not because of the wealth of evidence that was uncovered but because of the manner in which it was interpreted for reconstructing the past lifeways. The same holds good in the case of Ahar near Udaipur in Rajastan, Prabhas Patan (Gujarat) and Inamgaon (Maharashtra). Dr. Sankalia advised in his autobiography that "systematic planning followed by hard work alone leads to success in any discipline and much more so in archaeology which entails the labour of sifting, collecting and discovering of material things." (p. 50). His interest in Archacology was not limited only to the prehistoric and protohistoric periods; he was equally at home in historic period. His study of the place names and personal names occurring in inscriptions in Gujarat, pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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which he delivered as Thakkar Vassanji lectures at University of Bombay is a pioneering study. This set the pattern for many more studies of this kind which have been carried out at the Decan college. He proved to be extiremely controversial because of his work on the Ramayana which brought him bouquets and bricks bats both. As a true scientist, whose sole objective was the search for truth, he remained undaunted. All these achievents were but a few peaks in the high mountain range. His pioneering work in different branches of Archacology had won him many laurels. There are several fellowships and gold medals. He was the first Nehru Fellow in 1968. The Asiatic Society of Bombay and the Gujarat Sahitya Sabha awarded him silver and gold medals. The Asiatic Society of Bengal also awarded him Bruce Foote Gold Medal was very dear to him because he started his Stone Age archaeology by studying Bruce Foote's work. The crowing glory was the bestowal of Padma Bhushan in 1974. Dr. Sankalia was a man of great contradictions. Physically, the weakest among Indian scholars, he became the greatest archaeologist of the country exploring regions from Kashmir to Kerala and Kutch to Assam. Those who have seen him in the field know too well how it is difficult to even for young students to keep pace with him. He will be out at 6 a.m. sharp, bathed, clean shaven and presentable. He walked very fast, and it was impossible to walk with him in the river valleys. Everybody must be out with him; that was a commandment which no one dared violate. The other inviolable rule was to return to the base camp before dark. In the excavation camp, even if the digging started at 8 a.m., every member of the team must be at work at 6 a.m. Even in the freezing cold of Rajasthan, he will be in the pottery yard at 6 a.m. and after dinner at 7 p.m. everybody must be present for the recording of antiquities found during the day. But this was most enjoyable hour for here he would excel himself. He would tell us the history of each artifact, its antiquity and function not only in India but even in other parts of world. Here he would shower on us all his encyclopaedic knowledge. One witnessed Dr. Sankalia's devotion to the cause of Archacology not only in the field but even outside. Archacology flew in his veins. In my association wiht him, I did not see him even once taking leave on grounds of ill health, and his work has suffered on that score. He taught very little but became one of the greatest teachers. This may sound somewhat absurd but it is a fact Dr. Sankalia never liked teaching which is usually spoon-felding; he would give you guidance, and make the student think and educate himself. This inculcated in his students a sort of self discipline which made him selfsuffcient. The number of student who obtained doctorate in Archacology under his guidance is legion, and may be a record in the country. And he preached what he practiced himself. IIe advised us not to increase the teaching load by way of spoon feeding because that would make students criples and as a result their faculty of pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 3 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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independent thinking will be stunted. But to an uninitiated, he would explain even the most intricate details. In our excavation camps, he would gladly take school children round the site and explain them significance of artifacts. It was his constant endeavour to take Archaeology to the masses and hence had written, in Hindi, Marathi and Gujarati. This made him the most well-known archaeologist in India. People from every nook and corner writing to him and supplying him information. His reasoning was that we are spending public money and people have every right to know what we are doing with it. It is for this he organized cxhibitions at excavated sites which were a roaring success. Nor is this all. He was also alive to public issues which endanger the unity of the coundry, such as linguistic states, communal strife and what not. He frequently was writing letters to Sakal, a Marathi daily of Pune and Times of India, Bombay. His opinions forthright and without any platitudes. As a crusader he was undaunted and was steadfast in his views. A distinguishing quality which I have found in him during my thirty years' association with him is that all through his life he was very receptive to new ideas. A casc in point is now Archacology. Revolutionary change began to take place in archaeological method and theory from 1962 and some of us were cnthralled by them. Dr. Sankalia was also alive to them and gave lectures on New Archaeology which are published in a book form. This indeed is a rare quality which is conspicuously absent among Indians who have an unshakable faith in baba-vakyam-pramanam. As a person he was always cheerful, but he was psesimistic about archacology in India. Wanton destruction of ancient sites and rakpant smuggling of antiquities made him sad. We have to agree with him that our past has no future." - - - His demise on 28-1-1989 at the age of 80 was a great loss to the field of Archaeology. He will be remembered for ever through his outstanding contributions to Indian Archaeology* + Reprinted from History and Archaeology : Prof. H.D. Sankaliya Felicitation Vol ume with few changes. * By the editors lase Quilts - 7440S-24]"22-2442*42, 2003 * 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Professor B.Subbarao - An Archaeologist V. H. Sonawane* During the nineteenth century, Archaeology became a popular science. Since then it has touched ordinary lives. Our quest for an understanding of the history of human beings has remained largely intact and it is believed that only archaeology can reveal the human story from prehistoric to historic times. Several archaeologists have devoted their lives for the cause of archaeology, who, despite playing a significant role in the development of the discipline, largely remained unknown outside of it. Professor B. Subbarao, an outstanding archaeologist of the twentieth century was one of them, who Prof. B. Subbarao founded the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History (1921-1962) of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda - an academic institution of national and international standing. Except for the last three decades, the 140 years of archaeological work in India has produced little interpretative work on past cultural processes in terms of any explanatory hypothesis compared to the vast number of descriptive excavation and exploration reports. Archaeology as such is heavily dependent on a multitude of sciences and has adopted the methodology of the natural sciences. However, it has not been duly practiced, as is increasingly the case outside India particularly in the West, where there is an attempt to create a synthesis between its scientific means and humanistic aims based on general anthropological theory. Therefore, it needs to be realised that archaeology has to go beyond its initial task of fact finding if it has to progress and contribute to our knowledge. This positive application of archaeology was first carried out by the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, which was nurtured and matured under the farsighted, sensitive and persevering leadership of B.Subbarao. It was the first university department in the country which combined scholars from diverse disciplines such as chemistry, zoology, geology, anthropology and various branches of history under one roof. This clearly emphasizes the all-pervasive nature of archaeology that Professor Subbarao was so conscious of. He was also the first Indian archaeologist to inter-relate * Department of Archaeology & Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara. 405 * Hults - YGUN-2410122-7222042, 2003 * 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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archaeological facts in a well-formulated conceptual framework which reflected through his major work "The Personality of India". Bendapudi Subbarao was born in 1921 at Waltair (Visakhapatanam) in Andhra Pradesh and died of a heart attack on 29th May 1962 in the train while travelling from Waltair to Vadodara. The archaeological fraternity in India was struck with a most grievous blow by the sudden and premature passing away of Subbarao at the young age of 40. Having had a bright career at college, the recipient of Lakshmana Rao Gold Medal of the Andhra University for his B.A. degree, Subbarao went on to Lucknow University to study Ancient Indian History under Professor Radhakumud Mukherjee and obtained his M.A. degree in 1945. Meanwhile he also did his LL.B. from the same university. After completing his M.A., Subbarao was advised by his professor to go to Pune for further research on the Satavahanas and Andhras. As he was from Andhra Pradesh, he showed initial interest in the archacology of the region perhaps because of his patriotic feelings. After joining the Deccan College Research Institute at Pune under Professor H.D.Sankalia for his Ph.D. thesis on 'Prehistoric and Early Historic Bellary'- a region echoing memories of Robert Bruce Foote, the Father of Indian Prehistory - Subbarao joined the rank and file of the active archaeologists of the "Wheeler Era". For a young man then, with a soul-destroying physical handicap (having lost his right forearm in a fire accident in his undergraduate days he showed not only remarkable tenacity and steadfastness of purpose in his chosen line, but was also endowed with no less prodigious capacity for hard and unremitting field work with a highly disciplined and analytical mind. While exploring the Bellary region, large number of sites were visited by him and their positions accurately marked on one inch to a mile map. This included the sites previously discovered by Robert Bruce Foote and others and several new ones. Thus an outstanding gazetteer of the Neolithic and other sites was prepared. The excavation single handedly (otherwise also true) carried out by him at Sangankallu in the town of Bellary, though on a small scale, was well exccuted and soon became a classic as it carried us a stage further back in the past than Sir Mortimer Wheeler's work at Brahmagiri. While at the Deccan College, Subbarao had the unique opportunity of obtaining training in several fields of Archaeology. He underwent extensive field training in the excavations at Harappa, Brahmagiri, Kolhapur and Langhnaj and also secured his Ph.D. degree in 1949 from Bombay University (Deccan College, Pune was then part of the Bombay University). His external referee was no less a person than Sir Mortimer Whecler. The overall training that Subbarao received under the hard taskmaster Professor H.D. Sankalia amply demonstrated that he was a competent young archaeologist who ulas Suits - 8415-1022-24722012, 2003 * E For Private and Personal Use Only

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could explore, excavate and present his results in a scholarly form. Subbarao gained invaluable exposure to scientific and ecological methods with Prof. F.E. Zeuner whom he accompanied on a tour in 1949 of over a month in Gujarat and for a month or more in several other parts of India. Constant association with this eminent scholar opened Subbarao's eyes to several new avenues of study such as determining the nature of the soil, whether it is fossil or otherwise, interpretation of river terraces and things of similar nature an Indian student rarely comes across. Zeuner liked him so much that he used to write his diary at the end of the day in consultation with Subbarao. Thus the modern scientific side of Subbarao's archaeological vision and perception had been laid. This was soon put to test by digging at Langhnaj, a rich microlithic site in Mehsana District, which had been earlier discovered by Prof. H.D.Sankalia and dug continuously for several seasons. The problem was to determine the age of the human skeletons that had been found in association with microliths. Applying the tests taught by Professor Zeuner, Subbarao proved that most of the human skeletons belonged to a fossil soil horizon. Unfortunately a full report on this work remained unpublished because of his sudden demise. Subbarao, though competent as an archacologist was still very shy and it was felt that he might not become a successful government officer. Service in the Archaeological Survey of India was out of the question. When the Superintendentship in Prehistory was offered to him, Subbarao did not want to join it. He said simply, "Why should I walk into a prison?" This settled his future role. He was probably destined to work independently in a purely academic environment. Soon an opportunity presented itself. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda had just been founded in April 1949 and introduced Archaeology as one of the taught subjects in the University. I can do no better than quote what Smt.Hansaben Mehta, the first Vice Chancellor said in the first meeting of the Serrate of the University in March 1950. "In the Faculty of Arts... there will be a department of Archaeology and a beginning is proposed to be made in a small way. In this connection, Dr.H.D.Sankalia of Deccan College Pune was approached with a request to take up the Chair of Archaeology in this University. Dr.Sankalia has, however, submitted a scheme to work in co-operation with the Deccan College, specially in the field work in Gujarat. This enlightened move resulted in the establishment of a wing of Archaeology in the History Department in April 1950. To begin with a survey of the middle reaches of the river Mahi was carried out during April - May, 1950 with equipment and camera borrowed from the Deccan College and Dr. Subbarao was placed in charge of it. A number of Palaeolithic and Microlithic sites were discovered and a small-scale excavation was also conducted at Amrapura to get a full glimpse into the character of pathika traimAsika ~ julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 7 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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the Microlithic sites in Central Gujarat. A report on the work was prepared and published in the first number of the M.S.University Journal. This quick, original and scholarly production immediately inspired confidence in the University authorities with regard to Subbarao's capacity and he was appointed to the post of Senior Lecturer. He further endeared himself to the University authorities when he got a chance to dig at Akota and Medical College areas of Baroda proper and proved the antiquity of the city to a period before the Christian era. Charity begins at home - this was the policy he had in mind. The results of this work were published in the first monograph entitled "Baroda Through the Ages" under the newly started M.S.University Archaeology series. During the field season of 1952-53 a most ambitious excavation programme at Maheshwar and Navdatoli in Madhya Pradesh was undertaken under the joint auspices of the M.S.University of Baroda and Deccan College, Pune under the leadership of Professor H.D.Sankalia and Dr. B. Subbarao. The main object was to link the known with the unknown and to establish the cultural sequence from the Paleolithic through the Proto-historic Chalcolithic to Early Historic period. H.D. Sankalia, B. Subbarao and S.B. Deo subsequently published the results of the excavations in 1958 in a joint report under the Deccan College Research Institute and the M.S.University publication series No. 1. As a result of this problem oriented research and the zeal with which Subbarao worked, the M.S.University, particularly its then Vice Chancellor, was not only kind enough towards Subbarao but it was alleged, was partial towards him. There was indeed no partiality. The truth was that a sincere, conscientious scholar, cent percent devoted to his work and to do nothing clse in the University was carrying out his assignment. This bore its' due reward viz. timely encouragement. "Had the young plant not been suitably nourished and watered, it would have withered away" was the comment made by Prof. Sankalia for Subbarao and the University which he served. Thus under the stewardship of Smt. Hansaben Mehta and the enlightened University administration, the Department grew up and established its own identity in 1953, being formally separated from History. The Department of Archaeology and Ancient History thus became the third University Department in the country with an active field work program for archaeology besides Deccan College Pune and the department at Allahabad University. Initially the staff consisted of a small team - one Senior Lecturer, one Research Scholar, one Draftsmancum-photographer and one peon. Subbarao's deputation to the Institute of Archaeology of the London University with a travel grant by the British Council under the Commonwealth Universities Interchange Scheme was the most important landmark in his academic pursuit. The ulas * SHAS - YEUS-HIDZ2-7427242, 2003 * ( For Private and Personal Use Only

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impact of his training and research at London immensely reflected in his later writings. As due recognition to his scholarship he was honoured to preside over the section of Archaeology at the XVIIIth All India Oriental Conference held at Annamalainagar in December, 1955. The newly established department excavated at Vadnagar (1954), another ancient site in North Gujarat and then at Amra (1956); Lakhabaval (1956) and Somnath (1956-57) - all in Saurashtra peninsula - jointly with Late Shri P.P. Pandya, Director of the Department of Archaeology, former Government of Saurashtra. The report on Vadnagar is published, while others were in varying stages of preparation when Dr.Subbarao suddenly passed away. At Amra, Lakhabaval and Somnath a sizeable Harappan strata was found buried below the historic levels. Subbarao was the first person who could recognise the Chalcolithic or regional phenomena at these Harappan settlements of Saurashtra. Initially, Subbarao's observations were neglected or even opposed by scholars working in the field but now it is a well-established fact. From the beginning Subbarao laid emphasis on fieldwork and that became one of the salient features of his working. He concentrated on systematic vertical digs at historically important sites for establishing their cultural sequence, yet where ever large-scale horizontal digging was necessary, he preferred to work in collaboration with other Institutions to overcome the problem of limited finances at his disposal. An example of this collaborative venture is the large-scale horizontal excavation with the Deccan College at Navdatoli, which he and Dr. M.G. Dikshit had discovered earlier. The most important event of this second phase excavation during 1957-59 was the acquisition of C-14 dates for the site, the first in India, with the assistance of the Pennsylvania University, Philadelphia (U.S.A.). Subbarao's notable contribution was the discovery of the fact that the so-called microliths which occurred in thousands at Navdatoli were the result of an attempt at mass production of parallel sided blades and other allied tools by a particular technique known as Crested Guiding Ridge technique. Since such tools are found at sites associated with either Malwa or Deccan Chalcolithic culture besides Harappan, he further inferred a slow diffusion or migration of early agricultural - cum-pastoral communities from Western Asia towards India. In the second report on Navdatoli, he was to contribute on the interpretation of the intricate layers and house floors besides sections on stratigraphy. But due to his demise, the other co-authors of the report were deprived of the benefit of his unrivalled knowledge. It seems he was immensely influenced by F.J.Richard's classic paper"Geographic Factors in Indian Archaeology" published in Indian Antiquary (Vol. LXII, 1933) which struck parallel chords in his heart. Thereafter he wrote a paper ulas * SHULAS - JUUS-zru0122-242442, 2003 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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on "Geographic Factors in Andhra History and Archaeology". This very theme he developed in his presidential address of the Archaeology Section of the All India Oriental Conference at Annamalainagar. Later this formed the basis of his cpoch making work "The Personality of India - A Study in the Development of Material Culture of India and Pakistan" foreworded by Sir Mortimer Wheeler. For the first time an explanation was offered for the differential cultural development in different parts of the Indian sub-continent right from the Stone Age up to Historic times, a thing which was attempted by Sir Cyril Fox for England some 40 ycars ago. Sankalia, while writing on "Subbarao and his work" for a special issue of the Journal of the M.S.University of Baroda (Dr. Subbarao Memorial Number, April 1966) remarked, "Though one may not agree with all the interpretations of Subbarao, still one cannot fail to appreciate the deep insight of the author and his original approach to our past and present cultural and political problems. No wonder the book elicited encomiums from scholars all over the world and within a couple of ycars, ran into two editions". Late Dr. C.D. Deshmukh, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission liked The Personality of India so much that he made an announcement that U.G.C. would finance its Gujarati and Hindi translation. Subbarao also thought to translate the same into Telugu. Six Universities in India had been selected by the University Grants Commission on strength of equipment, facilities and the earlier work done for the establishment of full-fledged departments of archaeology under the second Five-Year plan with a magnificent grant. Baroda was one of them. The other five were the archaeology departments at Deccan College Pune and at the Universities of Allahabad, Patna, Calcutta and Madras. However, Baroda alone could set up the Department within less than two years while others took some more time for proper utilization of the grant. This speedy completion of the Department owed a great deal to Subbarao's enthusiasm, dash and above all his readiness with a plan. Perhaps more than anywhere else in India, he had provided for a well-thought out scientific wing to a University Department of Archaeology. Had he lived longer, he would have equipped it still further making it the finest in the East. Here, I would like to quote from one of Subbarao's letters written to his uncle on 26th December, 1958 from Maheshwar excavation camp on his plan for establishment of a full-fledged Department of Archaeology after receiving the UGC grant -"My staff is being trebled and I am developing exactly on the lines of the London University, Institute of Archacology................. If God blesses my present efforts, I will develop my institution into the best institution in the country. The Vice-Chancellor is very proud of this that he offered me a free hand to get anybody and do accordingly to my will." ulas dulas - 7419-2410122-84242, 2003 * 90 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Every thing was scheduled as per the plan and as destined, Subbarao became the Professor of Archaeology on 17th January, 1959 to lead the full-fledged Department of Archaeology. The excavation carried out by him in 1959-60 at Devnimori, a Buddhist settlement in Sabarkantha District of North Gujarat, opened a new chapter in the archaeology of Early Historic Gujarat. The discovery of one of the largest brick Stupas in India with affinities to Gandhara style in art and architecture and a large vihara was an important outcome of this first seasons work. However, the most significant and major contribution of the second seasons excavation was the recovery of an inscribed relic casket containing the bodily relics of Lord Buddha. Unfortunately Professor Subbarao was not there to share the excitement of this happiest event along with his colleagues. V Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Meanwhile Professor Subbarao was busy revising "The Personality of India" for a third edition and had enthusiastically taken up a project with Dr.Wainwright to determine the rise and fall in sea levels with the river deposits on the Narmada. The various issues related to the Black-and-Red Ware, which he had already discussed in his book, was presented in great detail before the world of scholars during the International Conference on Asian Archaeology held at Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi in 1961. His paper entitled "The Problems of the Black-and-Red Wares of North India and their bearing on the South" concluded that the Megalithic Pottery of the Deccan and South India was derived from the earlier northern ones. Further, he and Professor Sankalia had planned a joint excavation in Rajasthan and Southern Punjab with a view to understand the problem of the Painted Grey Ware as well as that of the Malwa Ware. Just before his death he had sent his paper to Professor Sankalia, which he contributed to the Gazetteer of India dealing with cultural integration during the early Historic Period. His work put him in the very vanguard of the most active, important and competent votaries of field archaeology in India. To the university, he undoubtedly gave the best twelve years of his life devotedly and would leave a bright niche of fame in its history, which is a shining testimony to his sense of mission and indefatigable zeal. Walter A. Fairservis Jr., author of "The Roots of Ancient India: The Archaeology of Early Indian Civilization" published in 1957 by the University of Chicago press, has dedicated his book to the memory of Bendapudi Subbarao and described him as "a true scholar of India who died too soon". pathika traimAsika In the same spirit of scholarship, Professor B.B. Lal, former Director General of Archaeology and foremost Indian archaeologist, in expressing his tribute to Professor Subbarao in his poem entitled "A house well-planned - completed not, alas!" says 1 * julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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"In him has India lost - no guess is wild - Another Bruce Foote or a Gordon Childc". Following are some of the quotations taken from the writings of renowned personalities who have appreciated Subbarao's great vision and foresight that made him an outstanding scholar of Indian Archacology. "I would like to record nontheless, the deep appreciation of the University in which he worked. It was in this University that he made his mature and notable contributions, it was here that he built the Department bit by bit, step by step, which today stands as a living and dynamic testimony to his genius. It was no uncarncd favour that the University granted to Subbarao, whatever facilities were given to him, were repaid many times over by the work rendered .... Not many can have the single minded devotion to work as he had, often to the neglect of other activities." Professor C.S. Patel Former Vice-Chancellor The M.S. University of Baroda. (From the Forward on "Dr. Subbarao Memorial Number of the Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda, April 1966, Vol. XV, No.1.) "His range of interests, beyond archaeology, was perhaps almost negligible". Shri.K.V.Soundara Rajan Former Additional Director General of Archaeology (From obituary published in Journal of Oriental Institute, M.S.University of Baroda, March 1962, Vol. No. 3) "I would like to recall with gratitude that Professor Subbarao was at one time a pupil of mine, but has taught me more than I taught him." Sir Mortimer Wheeler Former Director General of Archaeology (From the messages on the occasion of the opening of the new building of the Department of Archacology & Ancient History, published in a souvenir brought out by the Department of Archaeology & Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1960) This is what the personality of Subbarao was, which made him the most celebrated archacologist of his generation Selected Bibliography of Professor Subbarao's works. TL 11. us dulas - 741S-2110L22-7122042, 2003 * 92 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1947: 'Archaeological Exploration in the Bellary Area'. Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, Poona Vol. III, pp.209-224. 1948: 'The Stone Age Cultures of Bellary'. Deccan College Dissertation Series, No.7, Poona. 1949: 'Geographic Factors in Andhra History and Archaeology'. Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, Poona, Vol. IX, pp.167-183. 1952: 'Archacological Explorations in the Mahi Valley'. Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda, Vol. I, No.1, pp.33-72. 1952: 'New Light on the Archaeology of Gujarat'. A paper read at the Gujarat Research Worker's Conference. 1953: 'Baroda Through the Ages'. M.S. University Archaeology Series, No.1, Baroda. 1955: 'Chalcolithic Blade Industry of Maheshwar and a note on the history of the Technique'. Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, Poona, Vol. XVII, No.2, pp.125-149. 1956: 'The Personality of India' M.S.University Archaeology series, No.3. 1956-57: 'Some Problems in the Archaeology of South India, Transactions of the Archacological Society of South India. 1958: 'Regions and Regionalism' Economic Weekly, X.28 September 1958 1958: The Personality of India', M.S.University Archaeology Series, No.3 (2nd edition). 1958: 'Excavations at Maheshwar and Navdatoli'. (Poona and Baroda). Along with Dr. H.D.Sankalia and Dr. S.B.Deo. 1961: 'The Problem of the Black-and-Red Wares of North India and their bearing on the South". Paper submitted to the International Conference on Asian Archaeology, New Delhi. 1962: 'Archaeology and Anthropology in India'. In: T.N. Madan and G. Sarana(eds.) Indian Anthropology: Essays in Memory of D. N. Majumdar 1962: 'Excavations at Vadnagar' with R.N. Mehta. Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda, Vol. IV, No.1, pp.19-44. 1962: 'Indian Synthesis or the Fusion of Civilization in India'. With H. D. Sankalia and B. B. Lal, Gazetteer of India (to be published). 1962: 'Asia and India, Studies in some Cultural Impacts at the formative Stages of India's Culture', Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda, Vol. XI, No. 1. 1962: 'Megalithic Problem of South India and the Dravidian Languages'. Silver Jubilee Volume of The Archaeological Society of South India, Madras, pp. 132-151. pathika traimAsika -- julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Contributions of Professor K.T.M. Hegde to Indian Archaeology : An Appreciation K. Krishnan* Since its beginning, archaeology has invited people from various walks of life to share the excitement of reading the past from its dusty, unattractive, but meaningful material remains. The credit of the present day methods of archaeological analysis, which have evolved from well-experimented and structured intellectual exercise, goes to many well-known and relatively less known individuals. Any one with a sense of history would feel the need to appreciate the contributions of these scholars as understanding their work with respect to time can pave the way for the further growth of the discipline. In this context the works of late Prof. K.T.M. Hegde Professor K.T.M. Hegde (Karunakara Thinkgale Manjaya Hegde) becomes significant. He struck a new path by approaching the cultural issues with a scientifically bent mind. This enabled him to identify the technological and cultural history of cach object and also demonstrate the role of geomorphology and environment in human developments. Born at Kedinga village of Karnataka State, he completed his B.Sc. (Hons.) in Chemistry from Annamalai University in 1952 to which an M.A. was also conferred in 1953. He began his career in Archaeology in 1953 as a Chemical Assistant in the Ajanta caves. His seven years of work at Ajanta impressed Professor H.D.Sankalia, who later became instrumental in bringing him to the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in 1960 as a Lecturer in Chemistry in the department of Archaeology and Ancient History. At Baroda, he rose to the postion of Reader in Environmental Archaeology in 1967 and later became Professor of Environmental Archaeology in 1977, a position he held till 1990, retiring as the lead of Department (1982-1990). He also served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts for nearly two years. During his 30 years at Baroda, he received several prestigious Fellowships and held many important academic and administrative positions, both at national and international levels. In 1965 he was a Smith-Mundt-Fulbright Scholar at the Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, to do an advanced course in Geochronology. In 1971, he was elected as a fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge and spent one year (between 1972-73) at the Quaternary Research Laboratory doing teaching and research. He spent the spring term at Harvard University and the University of Arizona, Tucson in 1986 as * Dept. of Archaeology and Ancient Ilistory, M.S. University, Vadodara ulas Aulas - TuS-2410122-248242, 2003 * 98 For Private and Personal Use Only

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a Senior Fulbright Fellow. In 1984, he was one of the members of the delegation to U.S.S.R. to visit archaeological institutions and sites there. In 1990, he was awarded a Visiting Professorship at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. He had also visited and lectured at most of the Indian Universities and other institutions. Hegde's work speaks volumes about the man and his vision, than the man himself. He concentrated his research in the fields of technology of ancient Indian metal and ceramic objects, climatic changes in Prehistoric India and evolution of cultures from Prehistoric Period to the first Urbanization. Indian Archaeology knew compositional analysis of metal and ceramic objects right from 1930s, however, he was the first to demonstrate the actual potential of these analyses in bringing out cultural information. The metal objects studied by him included copper, iron and zinc. These three mctals are quite significant in antiquity. Copper is probably the first metal which man successfully extracted. The settlements that emerged during the first urbanization have yielded a good number of objects made of copper and its alloy, bronze. Hegde carried out chemical and metallographic analysis of copper objects from Ilarappan and other Chalcolithic sites from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhyapradesh and Maharashtra. From the Chemical and metallographic study, he could derive information on the purity of metal, alloying pattern (deliberate or accidental), provenance of ores, process involved in the smelting of ore and casting. Hegde initiated these when such studies were rare in Indian Archacology. If one looks back at the excavation reports of early periods, one finds only compositional data. Hegde was able to derive cultural meaning out of metal objects by firstly, generating data through various analysis and secondly, by comparing the data sets from different sites. This enabled him to identify the differences in technology of smelting and extraction between two contemporary cultures and led to further cultural extrapolations such as defining the level of skill of the artisans of the times. He has also developed academic collaborations with scholars from within the country and abroad, which henefited his work in terms of methodology and interpretative skills thereby enriching the knowledge of culture. To cite a few, the reconstruction of zinc mctallurgy at Zawar, demonstrates how, at the beginning of the C era, the artisans of Zawar could proceed from mining of orcs to extraction of zinc using process which the western world learned of only in 1748. The credit for inventing the process of zinc distillation is given to Willam Champion of Bristol. Hegde and his collaborators from the British Museum, London, were surprised to find the practice of this process. The background of this work arises from the inspiration Hegde got while glancing through the brass from Taxila, which could have been produced only by fusing pure zinc with copper. Thus, he and his team could trace back the zinc distillation and brass production antiquity of India to a much early period, and put India on the map of early technologies of the world. As duas - YELLS-2410122-822042, 2003 * 94 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Hegde also seems to have benefited from the observations he made on contemporary traditional metal smiths. This gave him more insight into the intricacies of human behavior and its effect on artefact composition, leading to a degree of caution and reservation while drawing conclusions regarding provenance from compositional data. It appears that he had accepted the possibility of recycling of metals in Prehistory and had realized the importance of looking for the intricacies of human behavior and relating them with compositional data, A survey through the methods of analyses he adopted in his research suggests that he was aware of the development at the global level and had tried to use the most recent analytical techniques emerging from time to time. Through using the most advanced methods he also demonstrated the scope of these methods in studying archaeological objects from India and the interpretative possibilities. Ancient Indian Ceramic Technology, manufacturing of steatite micro beads and qualitative and quantitative analysis of ancient India lime plaster were other areas of his enquiry. His works on the ancient Indian deluxe ware stands as a testimony to the efforts hc put into resolve technological issues of their manufacture. He was one of the very few persons in the subcontinent to realize the potentials of using thin-section analysis in appreciating the clay paste texture of ancient Indian pottery. He also put in efforts to identify the pigments that were used in decorating the pottery and attempted a reconstruction of the firing conditions of ancient Indian deluxe wares through experimental reproductions. Such was his scholastic drive that he would actually test the feasibility of the theories about ancient manufacturing conditions that he constructed from compositional data by experimental methods before putting them forward. The significance of climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary Era and its importance in studying the evolution of human cultures was another very important field to which Hegde also contributed. This field had begun to gain prominence in the carly to middle decades of the 20th century. The reconstruction of the ice-age sequence for the Indian Subcontinent by de Terra and Paterson had inspired many archeologists like Professor F.E.Zeuner and G.J.Wainright to initiate rescarches by integrating t disciplines of Geology and Archaeology in Sabarmati-Mahi basins. Towards the late sixties and early seventies, a mission was undertaken by Bridget Allchin, Andrew Goudie and K.T.M. Hegde to understand the geomorphology and archaeology of western India. The regions investigated by them included Gujarat and Raja interdisciplinary survey resulted in deriving information on the Prehistoric landscapes and cultural development in this region. The findings encouraged more such interdisciplinary interactions where scientists from different disciplines came together to pursue research in the much-neglected Quaternary period and its poorly represented geological formations in the Indian sub-continent. Now we are fairly familiar with the nature of rivers, lakes, deserts and other landforms during the Pleistocene Period. This ulas Haus - 8435-7110122-24427042, 2003 * 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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knowledge is of utmost significance to archaeologist as this period witnessed the biological and cultural evolution of human species and the story of human evolution would remain incomplete unless we account for the history of his immediate environment. Hegde always believed that understanding geomorphology was the key for studying the human past. Most of the archaeologists had ignored the region of North Gujarat, as they believed that the first settlers of Gujarat could not have occupied this environmentally difficult region. Some explorations had been undertaken earlier also and had come to naught. Heyde observed the geomorphic potentials of North Gujarat and was convinced that the region may reveal very important settlements. Indeed,, his systematic explorations along the edges of the salt wastes in this region following the ecological niches of stabilized dunes with inter-dunal depressions bore rich results and today, over a hundred early as well as late Chalcolthic settlements are known in this region. Excavations at some of these sites by him and his successors at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda has revealed specific categories of ceramics, interesting subsistence patterns and adaptive mechanisms of the Chalcolithic communities while they flourished there. Thus North Gujarat emerged as one of the most potential regions, which can give clues to the early Harappan scenario and the regional diversities within the Harappan Culture. Hegde initiated his younger generation to pursue research in artefact analyses using the current scientific methods. He had immense patience in listening to the academic views expressed by his students irrespective of the immaturity of it, as he knew that it was his job to channelize the young minds. He urged his students to choose lines of enquiry other than what was usually followed by cultural historians. He had the immense ability to harness the enthusiasm of students and staff alike by infusing in them a true scientific Curiosity. He succeeded in it mainly because he led by example and had the patience to answer even the most elementary questions of anyone, be it a laboratory attendant. A strict disciplinarian, Hegde commanded the best from his collegues and students. During his tenure as the head of the department, he brought it to limelight by obtaining large grants from the Ford Foundation and equipping it with the most recent infrastructural facilities. He also encouraged frequent exhibitions in the department's museum to popularize the subject among school children and also to transmit the idea and method of archaeology to the lay person. A man of principles and values, Hegde was a nationalist in the true spirit of the word and always kept in mind that whatever he did should bring reward to the nation. Select Bibliography of Professor Karunakara Hegde Books 1991 An Introduction to Ancient Indian Metallurgy. Geological Society of India : Banglore. 1990 (With K.K.Bhan, V.H. Sonawane, K.Krishnan and D.R.Shah). Excavation at ulas * Hills - 249-2410122-77122042, 2003 * 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Nageswar, Gujarat : A Harappan Shell Working Site on the Gulf of Kutch, M.S.Unviersity of Baroda, Vadodara. 1978 (With B. Allchin and A. Goudie). The Prehistory and Palaeography of Great Indian Desert. Academic Press : London. Research Papers 1989 Zinc and Brass Production in Ancient India. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 14, NO. 1 1988. (With V.H.Sonawane, K.K.Bhan, P. Ajithprasad, K. Krishnan and S. Prathapachandran). Excavation at Nagwada - 1986-87 : A Preliminary Report, Man and Environment, XII. 1986-87 (With K. Krishnan). Chemical and Petrographic Studies in Pottery of Harappan Culture in Gujarat, Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda, 36(1). 1987 (With P. Craddock and V.H.Sonawane). Zinc Distillation in Ancient India, in Proceedings of the 24th International Archaeology Symposium (I. Olin Ed.), Smithsonian Institution : Washington. 1987 Scientific Basis of Technology of Three Ancient Indian Ceramic Industries, in Archaeology and History (B.M. Pandey and B.D. Chathopadhyaya Ed.), New Delhi. 1986. (With V.H.Sonawane). Landscape and Settlement Pattern of Harappa Culture Villages in Rupan Estuary, Man and Environment, X. 1986 (With R.V.Karanth and K. Krishnan), Petrography of Ancient Indian Lime Plaster, Journal of Archaeological Science, 13(6). 1985 Scientific Studies in Indian Archaeology, in Recent Advances in Indian Ar chacology (S.B.Deo and K. Paduayya Eds.). Deccan College : Pune. 1985 (With H.E.Ericsion) Ancient Indian Copper Smelting Furnaces, in Furnaces and Smelting Technology in Antiquity (P.T.Craddock and M.J.Hughes Eds.) British Muscum : London. 1983 (With P.T.Craddock and L.K.Gurjar) Zinc Production in Ancient India, World Archaeology, 15(2). 1982 (With R.V. Karanth and S.P.Sychanthavong) On the Composition and Tech nology of Harappan Microbeads, in Harappan Civilization (G.L. Possehl Ed.). Oxford and IBH : New Delhi. 1982 (With S.P.Sychanthavong) The Great Indian Desert, in the Geological Story of World Deserts (T.L.Smiley Ed.), Uppsala. 1978 Analysis of Ancient Indian Deluxe Wares, Archaeophysiko, 10, Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Bonn. ulas Hubs - geus-21] 0122-24473042, 2003 * 96 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1978 1978 1978 1975. 1973. Late Quaternary Environments in Gujarat and Rajasthan, in Ecology and Archaeology of Western India (D.P. Agrawal and B.M.Pande) Concept Publications : Delhi. Use of Caliche as a Chronological Environmental Tool in the study of Late Ouaternary Formations in Gujarat and Rajasthan, Puratattva, 8. Sources of Ancient Tin in India, in The search for Tin (A.D. Franklin, J.S. Olin and T.A. Wertime Eds.), Smithsonian Institution : Washington. The Painted Grey Ware of India, Antiquity, XLIX. Radiocarbon Dates of the Buried Soil in the Lower Narmada Valley, Current Science, 42 (17) A Model for Understanding Ancient Indian Iron Metallurgy, Man, 8 (With B. Allchin and A. Goudic). The former Extensions of the Great Indian Desert, The Geographical Journal, 139 (2). Treatment of Metal Casket Containing Relics of the Lord Buddha, Studies in Conservation, 9(2). Technical Studies in Northern Black Polished Ware, Journal of the M.S. University of Baroda, 11(1). 1973 1973 1964 1962 ulas o ahults - JOLLES-2415122-24482042, 2003 * 96 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Ravindra Singh Bisht - A Scholar and An Excellent Field Archaeologist Yadubir Singh Rawat* Ravindra Singh Bisht is foremost among a few Indian scholars and field archacologists who have contributed immensely on the study of the Harappan civilization. Born in 1944 in Bhimtal in Nainital district of Uttranchal, he passed his M.A. in Ancient Indian History and Culture from Lucknow University in 1965 and obtained PGDA from School of Archaeology, ASI in 1967. He has been awarded Ph.D by Kumaun University on his thesis 'Emerging Perspectives of the Harappan Civilization in the Light of Recent Excavations at Banawali and Dholavira'. R.S. Bisht has vast experience of carrying out archacological field-work, in different parts of India, spanning more than three decades as a carrier Archaeologist. At Ravindra Singh Bisht present he is holding the post of Joint Director Gencral of Archaeology in the Archaeological Survey of India. R.S.Bisht is known world over as the excavator of the Harappan city of Dholavira. But before Dholavira excavation in Gujarat State, he had excavated also proto-historic sites such as Banawali in Haryana, Sanghol in Punjab and Chechar in Bihar, early Iron Age and historical sites like Semthan in Jammu and Kashmir and Nalanda in Bihar. His cxcavations at Banawali have brought to light a proto-urban/ Harappan phase, which indicated a gradual development in the pre-Harappan culture resulted into the emergence of first urban civilization in the sub-continent. It has also revealed for the first time a unique feature of the Harappan defense system i.e., provision of 2 decp moat around the fortified settlement at Banawali, a small but prosperous town on the River Sarasvati. The site has firmly established the regional dynamics of the Harappan Civilization. The site has produced many valuable antiquitics but the most remarkable find is the clay model of a plough. The Semthan excavation for the first time yielded antiquarian remains of Pre-Northern Black Polished Ware and NBPQ phases hitherto unknown in the Kashmir valley. R.S. Bisht also carried out many archeological explorations general as well as problem oriented - in diverse regions spread over most of the States of north India. He was the leader of the Indian team in the Indo-French Archaeological Expedition * Director, Dept. of Archaeology, Gujarat State. las HQs - gauS-10122-24427042, 2003 * 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1987)jointly sponsored by the Government of India and Frence. During the last three decades of his government service, R.S.Bisht has closely studied monuments of various periods and styles located in different states of India especially in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Himanchal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Gujarat. A thorough study of monuments which he visited, enabled him to chalk-out detailed plans for their conservation, structural repairs and development of their environs. He guided and supervised conservation work of monuments and excavated remains of diverse categorics. In additon to archacological fieldwork and research, R.S.Bisht has been closely associated with museum and exhibition activities. As Director (Projects and Museums), he was responsible for setting up the famous Swatantyrat Sangram Sangrahalaya in Red Fort, New Delhi in 1995. He supervised setting up of many small museums in Punjab and Haryana and extended his expertise for the display work in the museums at Ratnagiri in Orissa and Roper in Punjab. Besides, quite often he has also organized exhibitions on monuments and on the excavated materials from Dholavira and Banawali at different places and sites. During his posting in different States of India as well as a member of various committees on antiquities, he had examined enormous number of antiquities of varying traditions belonging in different times, and materials. As Director of many excavation projects, he dealt with antiquities ranging from the Pre-historic times to medieval periods. Thus, he is among a few archaclogists who have expertise in archaeological remains of different periods of Indian culture and civilization. R. S. Bisht is not only an excellent excavator and field archaeologist, but also a good teacher and an academician. He had been the Director of the Institute of Archacology from 1991 to 1997 and also imparted training to the post-graduate Diploma in Archacology students. He has been a visiting faculty to the Institute of Architecture and planning, New Delhi, to teach ancient town planning and architecture. R. S. Bisht is a Sahityaratna having thorough knowledge of Sanskrit language, grammar and literature. His keen observation in the field during excavation of Harappa culture sites like Sanghol, Banawali and Dholavira and his in-depth knowledge of Sanskrit enabled him to make a critical review of the Rigveda in the light of recent archaeological findings. He is one of the scholars who believe that the Rigvedic account of its people, geography, settlement features, fortified towns, monumental structures, mercantile and maritime trade etc, corresponds well with the available evidences of Harappan civilizaton in many respects. In his recent article 'Harappans and the Rigveda: Points of Convergence', he has discussed in detail many aspects of the two which show close similarity between the two cultures one of which is purely archacological and the other a purely literary one. Dr. Bisht started archaeological reconnaissance of Gujarat in the year 1984 pathika traimAsika ~ julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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after joining the Excavation Branch - V of the Archaeological Survey of India at Vadodara as its Superintending Archaeologist. Dholavira in Khadir Island of Kachchh was resurveyed during an exploratory survey at this time. Fortunately, I have been closely associated in most of the archaeological excavation/exploration projects, he carried out successfully in and outside Gujarat during his tenure in the Excavation Branch. I worked directly under him for many years and benefited immensely especially in understanding the nature and significance of the archaelogical remains. The very first visit of Dholavira in December. 1984 was so exciting that he abandoned his original plan of visiting other sites and monuments in Saurashtra and Kachchh. The site was studied thoroughly throught survey, by preparing sketches of surface features of different divisions and study of well sections available at the site. And this way a completely new plan of the Harappan site was brought to light although the site was known since 1997. The surface study and survey of the site continued intermittently to date. A systematic excavation commenced in January, 1990, but before that Dr. Bisht had all the details of the general layout and planning of the magnificent city of the prolo-Historic times. His pre-excavation observations took the shape of an article 'A New Model of the Harappan Town Planning as Revealed at Dholavira in Kachchh: A Surface Study of its Plan and Architecture'. Later on he submitted a comprehensive proposal for excavation under the title Dholavira Excavation Project. The subsequent excavations at the site, not only, reaffirmed his observations but also brought to light a city par excellence of the Harappan times. This city, unlike other Harappa period settlements cxcavated so far, had three distinct divisions. Dr. Bisht has appropriatcly designated them as the citadel', 'the middle town' and the 'the lower town' on the basis of the tripura and parama, madhyama and avama, which occur in the Rigveda. The first two divisions have been found segregated from each other on the one hand and from the lower town on the other by their individual fortification. Stratigraphically, the site shows seven stages of development in overall cultural makeup of Dholavira in a time span of about 1200 years from a beginning around 3000 B.C. Whereas, on the horizontal plane it revcals gradual expansion from a small fortified settlement of the initial stage into a bipartite town during Stage - Il and finally into a large city with three distinct divisions during Stage - III. It appears that during Stage-IV and Stage-V the cityscape remained unchanged but for preference to stone as construction material. Besides the gates appear to be restructured and modified. The Stage-V seems to have experienced a general decline in economy and thereafter during the Stage-VI the size of the settlement was drastically reduced. The lower town completely and most of the middle town was abandoned. A new town wall was raised along the southern fringes of the middle town over the debris of preceding stage. Stage-VII shows an overall change in the subsistence pattern of the inhabitants. People of this phase had preferred circular huts for their housing needs. Dholavira has emerged now as a model city of thc Harappan Civilization. It ulas * SHS - OUD-2410122-72242, 2003 * 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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is one among the five largest settlements, known so far, of the period. The site is noteworthy for its distinctive stone architecture which includes thoughtfully designed gates furnished with precisely shaped pillars, a series of water reseroirs- rock-cut and stone masonry one and a network of under-ground drains large enough to enable a person to pass through them. The site has also yielded a unique 3.20 m long inscription consisting of 10 large-sized signs of the Harappan script. Each sign is found shaped from many small pieces inlaid on a wooden hoarding which has since perished but left is traces on the floor on which it was found lying. R.S. Bisht rightly believes it could be the carliest signboard of the world. During the Years 1985-6 and 1986-7 R.S. Bisht conducted further cxploration in the district of Kachchh to understand the significance of the long shoreline of the Gulf of Kachchh in the dynamics of the Harappan Civilization. These explorations have brought to light 11 harappan sites. Most of them are located along the shoreline of the Gulf thus indicating that the Gulf of Kachchh and the Rann could have played a special role during proto-historic times. R.S. Bisht also took keen interest in the structural conservation of monuments and cxcavated remains in the Gujarat state in the capacity of the Superintending Archaeologist while he was in Gujarat. He studied the problems related to the many of the Gujarat monuments, which are located both in the salt and sand laden high velocity coastal zone as well as in the semiarid climatic zone. Ran-ki-vav at Patan, monuments of Champaner-Pavagadh, Dwarkadhish temple at dwarka, excavated remains of Dholavira arc some of the monuments to which he paid special attention, Later on, from the ASI Directorate Head Office, New Delhi also first as a Director and presently as the joint Director General, he is making all efforts to conserve and develop many of the Gujarat monuments. He is very keep to see Dholavira developing as an International Centre for Harappan Studies and a Worldclass tourist destination. R.S. Bisht has contributed to Gujarat Archaeology in various ways. He has published several research papers" on the Harappa culture and Dholavira excavation in Gujarat. Some of the articles published in journals and books are listed below. - "Somc Glimpses of Mercantile and Maritime Activitics of the Rig Vedic Aryans'. Marine Archacology of the Indian Ocean Countries. (cd.) S.R.Rao, Goa, 1988. 'The Harappan Colonization of the Kutch: An Ergonoinic Study with Reference to Dholavira and Surkotada'. History and Art, (cd.) Krishna Deva and Lallanji Gopal, Delhi, 1989. - 'A New Model of the Harappan Town Planning as Revealed at Dolavira in Kutch: A Surface of Its Plan and Architecturc'. History and Archaeology. (ed) Bhaskar Chtterji, Delhi, 1989. "Dholavira: New Horizons of the Indus Civilization'. Puratattva, No.29, New Delhi, 1989-90. ulas * Has - gaus-al!l22-242342, 2003 * 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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- 'Dholavira: Harappa Sabhyata Ke Naye Ayam'. Aaj-Kal, October 1993, New Delhi, 1993. 'Secrets of the Water Fort'. Down to Earth, Science and Environment fortnightly, 1994. *Dholavira Excavation: 1990-94'. Facets of Indian Civilization Recent Perspectives (Essay in Honour of Prof. B.B. Lal), Vol. 1 (Chief ed) J.P. Joshi, New Delhi, 2000. 'Dholavira and Banawali: Two Different Paradigms of the Harrapan Urbis forma'. Puratattva, No. 29, New Delhi, 2001. 'Harappans and the Rigveda: points of Convergence'. History and Indian Scicnce, Philosophy and Culture, Vol. I, (ed) G.C.Pande, Delhi, 2002. "The Rise and fall of the Harappan Civilization in the Light of Recent Excavations in India'. Dialogue Among Civilization Indus Valley Civilization (Govt. of Pakistan and UNESCO), 2001, 'Urban Planning at Dholavira: A Harappan City in Ancient Cities'. Ancient Cities, IGNCA Pub. Utility of Trace Element Analysis in Reconstructing the Intensity of the Occupation in Ancient Archaeological Site'. In Indian J. Environ. and Ecoplan, 5(2), 2001. As aulas - youS-2110122-2412242, 2003 * 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Dr. Ziyaud-Din A. Desai - A Great Scholar P. V. Janardhanan* Some people are born great, but some achieve greatness by their exceptional work. One of such great personalities was Dr. Ziyaud-Din A. Desai. Born in Dhanduka, District Ahmedabad (Gujarat), on 17th May, 1925, Dr. Ziyaud-Din, son of Abdul Hayy Desai, received his higher education from Bombay University. He was Government Merit Scholar and Government Special Scholar at the secondary and university levels. His academic career has been frequently punctuated with a number of scholarships, awards and prizes. He had a brilliant academic career by obtaining First Class First in B.A. (Hons.), Persian (Principal) and Urdu (Subordinate) from Bombay University, Bombay in 1946. He repeated his performance in the same University and obtained his Doctorate Degree in Persian with Credit (Tahsin) from the Faculty of Arts, Tehram University, Tehran (Iran) for his thesis entitled "Life and Works of Faidi with special reference to Nal-Daman (Nala-Damayanti)". Many distinctions and titles galored him, such as Chancellors Medal, Jaffer Cassum Moosa Gold Medal, Gujarat Urdu Academy Gaurav Puraskar, Dr.L.P. Tessitori Gold Medal, Sanskar Award, etc. Honours came to Dr. Desai from many quarters. He was honoured with Tamra Patra by the Epigraphical Society of India in 1982 and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Prize for Research and Critical Studies from Ghalib Institute, New Delhi, in 1999. In recognition of his countless contribution as an academician and as a scholar and outstanding service to Persian language and literature, the Government of India honoured him with President Award in 1983. Dr. Desai started his service career as Lectuarer in Persian, Government College, Ahmedabad, Bombay and Rajkot between 1947-1953. He was selected by Government of India, Archaeological Survey of India, as Assistant Superintendent for Epigraphy in 1953 to head the Epigraphy (Arabic & Persian) Branch. Later on, he was elevated to the post of Superintendent (now Superintending Epigraphist) for Arabic & Persian Inscriptions in 1961. He became Director (Epigraphy) in 1977 to head the Nagpur and Mysore Epigraphy branches of the Archaeological Survey of India. He laid down office on the afternoon of 31st May 1983 on attaining the age of superannuation, at 58 years, and settled at Ahmedabad (Gujarat) to lead the retired life. After retirement, Dr. Desai worked for ICHR projects under Senior Fellowship programme. He was awarded this fellowship thrice by the ICHR between 1983-1992. The projects entitled "A Topographical List of Arabic, Persian and Urdu Inscriptions of South India", "Arabic, Persian and Urdu Inscriptions of Western India-A Topographical List" and "English Translation of Dhakhiratul-khawanin of Shaikh Farid Bhakkari" (in ulus Aulas - 8445-2410122412042, 2003 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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3 parts), were completed on schedule and these were published in book forms. Though retired, he was still active in his field of research. A glance of his literary achievements and contributions would hold anyone in awe. Diligence, tenacity and stamina for hard work always ran through his veins. He had a facile pen in English, Urdu, Arabic, Persian and Gujarati, too, and contributed articls in all the above languages. His knowledge on the subject is as deep as the ocean. He dedicated his life to the cause of Perso-Arabic Epigraphy and remained an academician throughout. The list of publications that have come out from the pen of Dr.Desai (appended at the end of this paper) stands testimony to his continuous endeavour in the field and display his erudition and depth of knowledge. He remained active despite his advancing age, and unfortunate accidents, he continued to keep himself engaged in academic activities with the verve and vigour of a person, totally dedicated to his profession till death. His books and other publications are widely used by the students and scholars all over the world. My acquaintance with Dr. Desai goes back to the year 1966 when I joined Epigraphy Branch, Nagpur of the Archaeological Survey of India, as Stenographer attached to him, having spent 17 years with him, till his retirement in 1983. I feel proud to have worked with him and intimately moved with him. My association with him remained till his last days. He used to send articles from Ahmedabad for typing, etc., as, according to him, no one else can understand his handwriting and do neat typing. I am not qualified to comment upon his technical writings. But the articles and books that he wrote, dealing with various aspects of the subject, reveal the fact He participated in more than a dozen national and intemational seminars/conferences/symposia, etc. and even till his last days he was being invited to participate in national/international seminars, conferences, etc. But, unfortunately, bad health prevented him from going out of his house. His vision was dimmed after an eye operation, his hearning was somewhat impaired, he was shrunk a little with age, but his mind was perfectly clear, his memory retained its vast strengh, his handwriting was clear and unchanged. He delivered lectures to the students of School of Archaeology (now Institute of Archaeology) on Indo-Muslim Architecture, Numismatics, Arabic & Persian Inscriptions, Calligraphy, etc. Dr.Desai's art of writing includs footnotes, the notes or references or comments are invariably given in the same page unlike giving separately as "Note", "References" at the end. This facilitate the readers to find out the references easily. In an article, prepared by him before death to be published in the Journal of the Khuda Bhaksh Oriental Public Library, Patna, entitled "Some new information about Taqi Auhadi as gleaned ulus hilis - 741S-2410122-7442242, 2003 * 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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from the autograph copy of his Arafatul Ashiqin", consisting of about 14 double space typed pages, there were as many as 118 footnotes. This shows how many books were referred by him to prepare a short article. In the area of publications, he ensured the publication of the EPIGRAPHIA INDICA ARABIC & PERSIAN SUPPLEMENT (EIAPS), upto the issue of 1975. The major portion of the articles contained in this journal were contributed by him. This Journal had fallen in arreas during his tenure itself, due to certain technical difficulties, mainly in finding out a suitable press for printing. He gave much importance to the Archaeological Library and it was during his time that valuable and rare books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages were added to the Library at Nagpur. He was the Chairman of the Library Committee existed during those days. Archaeological Library has got rare collection of books on these subjects, most of them acquired during Dr.Desai's period. He was a regular visitor to the Central Archaeological Library, New Delhi, which had huge collection of books on Epigraphy and allied subjects. Those days Mr.D.K.Kapoor used to be the Librarian attached to Central Archaeological Library. I think, no books on his favourite subjects, is left untouched by Dr.Desai in this library and Mr. Kapoor gave full cooperation to him in this respect. Those days, the ANNUAL REPORT ON INDIAN EPIGRAPHY (ARIE), an annual publication of the Survey, which contained a separate Appendix for listing Arabic & Persian Inscriptions and Muslim Coins, was compiled after consulting books, with other things like inked rubings, estampages etc., in the Central Archaeological Library, as the books required were not available in the Archaeological Library at Nagpur. He used to go frequently to Delhi for this purpose where I always accompanied him officially. Everyday, large number of books were got issued and the references noted, and some daily, sometimes, by sitting late in the night. Those days facilities of photo-copy or computer was not available and the portions marked in the books were to be typed out on the mannual typewriter. Dr. Desai had extensively throughout the length and breadth of the country for copying inscriptions. The duration of tours was from 15 to 20 days or even more, during which period more than 100 inscriptions always accompanied him-he preferred maulana Saheb-for tour to copy inscriptions. During train journey, time was not wasted; he used to carry the rough drafts of articles, reports, books, etc. and carry out corrections, etc. till late in the night. Late Dr. K.D. Banerjee, then posted as Superintending Archaeologist for Prehistory was Dr. Desai's close friend. During lunch break, if not otherwise busy, both of them would pass the time by solving Crosswords. Once it happened so that both Dr. Banerjee and Dr. Desai travelled together on an official trip to Delhi for delivering lectures in the Institute of Archaeology in Ist Class compartment. As usual, they slept late in the night when they woke up in the morning, they found that pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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their entire luggages were lost, and they were left our with night suit they were wearing After making complaint at Delhi Railway Station, in Vain, they directly reached Director General's office and had to borrow money for purchase of new clothes and other essential wears. Dr. Desai was a good administrator, would come and leave the office punctually in time and expected others to follow the suit. Work was worship for him, he would expect hard, intelligent work from his subordinates and extracted work from them with firmness and kindness. He used to watch that the staff members, technical and administrative, always engaged in their work. When the sound of typewriter was not heard, he would knew that the work allotted is completed and would give more work keeping everybody engaged throughout. Before a report/article was finalised, ad many as 3 drafts were made out, they were kept separately in separate folders titled, Ist typed draft, 2nd typed draft, 3rd typed draft, prefinal draft" and so on, everything typed in the old Italian Olivetti Jumbo mannual typewriter with special diacritical marks for Arabic, Persian and Urdu words. We had very good understanding of each other. While dictations or giving instructions when Dr. Desai used to substitute his thoughts with "This Thing" and "That Thing" frequently. I, being his mindreader, would immediately understand what he wanted by this. Once when we were in Mysore on an official trip, Dr. Desai Director (Epigraphy), asked me to bring "This Thing" in the presence of officers of Mysore Epigraphy office. I immediately brought that required material, and the officers present there got amazed. Before leaving Hqrs. on tour, leave, etc., the pending papers, if any, were cleared and sometimes when some papers were left out, the replys were dictated and signed in the blank letter-heads, for want of time, for disposal. Nothing was kept pending. In the absence of some staff members and if some urgent matters were to be disposed off, he would himself attend to it from diarising to despatch. The letters diarised and despatched by him at his own handwriting, can be seen even today in the Diary and Despatch Registers of the Department. Dr. Desai knew typing also, sometimes he used to manage to type out small letters, etc. In the administration, he closely watched the progress of work and ensured that no work was pending. During those days. Mr. B.S. Seth was Head Clerk looking after all administrative matters. On some occasions, when some papers are not put up, which comes to the notice of Dr. Desai, he would loose temper and exchange hot words with the Head Clerk, but this remained for the time-being only and latter he would forget such incidents, for ever. He kept good relations with his superiours in Hqrs. Office, New Delhi. Shri A. Ghosh was the Director General when Dr. Desai joined in the Department. Later, during the times of Prof. B.B.Lal, Shri M.N. Deshpande, Shri B.k. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Thapar and Mrs. Debala Mitra, the Director Generals of his time Dr. Desai maintained the same relations and rapport. At home, he maintained a mini-office cum library, with books, magazines and periodicals of his subjects and kept himself engaged in research activities. Mrs. Desai took utmost care of him and gave support throughout. "S" is for Shahida-he used to call her so-a very kind-hearted and simple lady. He breathed his last on 24th March, 2002 after a few days of illness. I conclude and pay tribute to this great scholar of international reputation. CURRICULUM VITAE Name : Ziyaud- Din s/o Abdul-Hay Desai 14, Khurshid Park, P.O. Juhapura, Sarkhej Road, Ahmedabad 380 055 (India). Tel : (079) 6822818 Address Date of birth 17-05-1925 Educational Qualifications: B.A. (Hons.), Persian (Principal) and Urdu (Subor dinate), Bombay University, 1946 First Clas. First M.A., Persian (Principal) and Urdu (Subordinate), Bombay University, 1948 First Class First. D. Litt. in Persian with Credit (Tahsin) Faculty of Arts, Tehran University, Tehran (Iran), 1959 Distinctions : Chancellor's Bombay University, 1948 Jaffer Cassum Moosa Gold Medallist, Bombay university, 1948 R.H. Mody Prizeman, Bombay University. 1946. Dakshina Fellow, Gujarat College, Ahmedabad, 1946-47 Government Merit Scholar (at the Secondary and University levels) Government Special Scholar (University level) Honoured with Tamra Patra (Certificate of Honour) by the Epigraphical Society of India, 1982 President of India's Award of Certificate of Merit for outstanding service to Persian Language and Literature, 1983. Dr. L. P. Tessitori Gold Medal, 1984 uls. Quas - YouS-2410122-24123042, 2003 * 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Sir Jadu Nath Sarkar Gold Medallist, Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1993 Sanskar Award, Vadodara, 1993 Thesis for D. Litt. Roll of Service Gujarat Urdu Academy Award, 1995 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad Inam bara-i Tahqiq wa Tanqid (Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad for Research and Critical Studies), Ghalib Institute, New Delhi, 1999 : Life works of Faidi with special reference to Nal Daman (Nala Damayanti), in Persian, Tehran 1959 (Unpublished) 1947-1953 Lecturer in Persian, Government College, Ahmedabad, Bombay and Rajkot 1953-1961-Assistant Superintendent for Epigraphy and Head, Office for Arabic and Persian Inscriptions, Archaeological Survey of India 1961-1977-Superintending Epigraphist for Arabic & Persian Inscriptions and Head, Office of the Supdtg. Epigraphist for Arabic & Persian Inscriptions 1977-1983 - Director (Epigraphy). Archaeological Survey of India 1983-1992 - Senior Fellow, Indian Council for Historical Research, New Delhi 1992-1998 - joint Chief Collaborator, History of Shah Jahan Project C/O Americal Institure of Indian Studies, New Delhi Specialisation : Persian Language and Literature, Indo-Musliin Epigraphy, Indo-Islamic Art and Architecture, Numismatics, Indo-Persian Literature, Medieval Indian History, Medieval Gujarat History, etc. uso Shulas - 849-0102132-24642, 2003 * 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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esa. Ara. rAva : dRSTivAna ane karmaTha purAtattvavida DaoN. atula tripAThI* esa.Ara.rAvane mukhyataH dariyAI purAtattvanA kSetre temaNe karelA kAryane kAraNe bhAratamAM dariyAI purAtattvanA janakanA rUpamAM oLakhavAmAM Ave che. jo ke temaNe bhArata sthita vibhinna mahattvapUrNa purAtAtvika sthaLo(jemAM lothalano paNa samAveza che.)nI zodha, khodakAmanI sAthesAthe smArako ane durlabha kalAkRtionA saMrakSaNamAM paNa amUlya yogadAna ApyuM che. prastuta lekhamAM bhAratIya purAtattvamAM khAsa karIne gujarAtamAM, temanA dvArA karavAmAM AvelA avismaraNIya yogadAna che niraMtara paMcAvana varSothI haju paNa cAlu che, teno saMkSepamAM paricaya karAvavAno prayAsa che. esa. Ara. rAva (I), esa.Ara.rAvano janma AjanA karNATaka pradezamAM zimogA jillAnA sAgara tAlukAmAM AnaMdapurama gAmamAM 1922mAM thayo hato. temanA pitA zikArapura chudhArAva eka mAdhava brAhmaNa hatA. temanI mAtAnuM nAma kamalAbAI hatuM. paitRka saMskAra dvArA vArasAmAM temane dharma, kalA ane darzanazAstramAM prAraMbhathI rUci hatI. temaNe hiMdI, aMgrejI, kannaDa ane saMskRta bhASAnuM adhyayana anya viSayonI sAthe karyuM. Aje paNa te gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI, kannaDa ane aMgrejI bhASA vAMcI, lakhI ane bolI zake che. temane tAmila bhASAnuM paNa sAruM jJAna che. mArca, 1948mAM vaDodarA rAjyamAM purAtattva vibhAgamAM sahAyaka-nirdezaka pada para niyukta thayA pahelAM esa.Ara.rAva thoDoka samaya eka kaoNleja-vyAkhyAtA ane samAcAra-patramAM upa-saMpAdaka paNa rahI cUkyA che. vaDodarAmAM purAtattva vibhAgamAM niyukta thayA pachI temaNe mArTImara vahIlaranA mArgadarzana heThaLa orissA sthita purAtAttvika sthaLa zizupAlagaDhamAM vaijJAnika ukhanana-prazikSaNa prApta karyuM. esa. Ara. rAvane ahIM zodha, Ayojana ane khodakAma AdinI vistRta vaijJAnika jANakArI prApta thaI. uparokta anubhavone pariNAme samaya jatAM temanAmAM amarelImAM svataMtra ukhUnana karavAno AtmavizvAsa pragaTyo. zizupAlagaDhathI AvyA pachI esa. Ara. rAve laMDana sthita purAtattva saMsthAnanA nirdezaka F.E.Z Euner pAsethI nadI, khINa, sarvekSaNanI tAlIma meLavI tathA gujarAta prAgaitihAsika zodha abhiyAnamAM joDAyA. sAbaramatI ane narmadAnI khINamAMthI prAcIna pASANa yuganAM ojAra zodhI kADhayAM, uttara gujarAta sthita lAMghaNaja nAmaka Late Stone Age zodha kAryamAM paNa temaNe bhAga lIdho. 1947mAM bhArata-pAka vibhAjana bAda purAtAttvika saMzodhanane moTo dhakko pahoMcyo. kAraNa ke siMdhu saMskRtinAM mukhya purAtAttvika sthaLo jevAM ke haDappA, moheMjo-daDo vagere bhAratanI hadanI pAranAM banI gayAM. yuvA bhAratIya purAtattvavidonI sAme navAM purAtAttvika sthaLonI zodha karavI eka muzkela paDakAra hato. bhAratIya purAtattvano A muzkela paDakAra esa.Ara.rAva sahaja upADI lIdho. tathA saurASTranuM sarvekSaNa karI navuM godInagara lothala zodhI kADhyuM. tenAthI dakSiNa ane pUrva kSetromAM saMzodhananI eka navI misAla nirdhArita thaI. * variSTha vyAkhyAtA, ItihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAga, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda-380014 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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esa.Ara.rAve raMgapura ane lothalanA khodakAmathI prApta purAvAne AdhAre siMdhu saMskRtino vidhvaMsa Aryo dvArA thayo ane e saMskRtinuM athavA ke siMdhu sabhyatAnA patananuM mULa kAraNa bAhya AkramaNa che tene temaNe purAvAnI sAthe nakArI kADhyo. temaNe lothala ane anya siMdhu-nagaromAM patananuM mULa kAraNa pUrane ja mAnyAM. bhAratamAM 1981 pahelAM purAtattva antargata sAhasika kArya (adventure) mAtra sthaLa khodakAma sudhI ja sImita hatuM. 1981mAM pahelI vAra esa.Ara.rAva dariyAI purAtattvane AMtaraviSayaya (Inter disciplinary) adhyayananA rUpamAM sAmela karIne vijJAna antargata lAvyA. emaNe govAmAM vijJAna ane praudyogikI vibhAga (Department of Science and Technology)nI madadathI National Institute of Oceanography nAmanA dariyAI purAtattva kendranI sthApanA karI. esa. Ara. rAve ahIM dariyAI purAtattvavido ane vaijJAnikonI madadathI vaijJAnika takanikano prayoga karI, lagabhaga 200 tUTelAM jahAjone vidhivat jalagata saMzodhananA pariNAma svarUpa zodhI kADhyAM, jemAM paurANika dvArakA (A bAbatamAM mAnyatA che ke enI sthApanA bhagavAna zrIkRSNa karI hatI, paNa sAmela che. dvArakAnuM nagara-Ayojana mahAbhAratamAM varNita vivaraNa sAthe sAmya dharAve che tevuM prApta thayuM. dvArakAnI oLakha chatI thatAM vidvAno mATe eka navA zodhakSetranuM dvAra khUlyuM te e ke mahAkAvya ane purANa itihAsa adhyayana mATe eka upayogI srota hoI zake che. dariyAI purAtattva dvArA bhAratane ane paDozI dezo jayAM sudhI bhAratano sAMskRtika vistAra hato, virATa bhAratIya aMtarajala sAMskRtika saMpattine zodhI ane saMrakSita karI zakAya che. 1948thI Aja paryanta esa.Ara.rAva mahattvapUrNa purAtAttvika sthaLonuM khodakAma karatA rahyA che. 31 varSa sudhI bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNamAM sevArata rahyA pachI teo 1980mAM sevA-nivRta thayA, tyArabAda temaNe Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Department of Science and Technology mAM sevA ApI. hAlamAM e C.S.I.R. mAM Emeritas Professor tarIke kAryarata che. jIvananA pacAvana varSothI paNa vadhAre samaya temaNe purAtana saMskRtinAM rahasyo zodhavAmAM vAparyA ane Aje paNa temaNe purAtAtvika khodakAma, tenuM saMrakSaNa, arthaghaTana ane prakAzananuM kArya athAkapaNe cAlu rAkhyuM che. Miss Tele Loftin, Asst. Editor. National Geographic Society Hi 'Mysteries of the Ancient World, Hiatti 4241 GW 9 ), 'Nearly all his life he (Rao) has patiently picked away the puzzles of the Harappans'. IT ) sadIothI purAtattva ane kalAnA adhyayanamAM keTalAka utAra-caDhAva jovA maLyA che. pahelAM purAtattva antargata mukhyataH saitija khodakAma dvArA stara-vinyAsanA abhAvamAM sAMskRtika krama spaSTa thato na hato ane mAtra vasavATanI nagarIya vizeSatAo jANI zakAtI hatI. hAlanAM varSomAM saMpUrNa vizvamAM purAtattva saMzodhananI eka mukhya viziSTatA e paNa rahI ke purAtana samayamAM vijJAna ane takanikI vikAsane purAtAttvika AMkaDAonA AdhAre punarnirmita karavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Avyo che. A badhA vikAsakramane esa.Ara.rAve potAnA adhyayana, saMzodhana ane khodakAmamAM mahattvapUrNa sthAna ApyuM. (1) amarelI : saurASTranA eka kSatrapa-gupta nagara amarelInuM utpanana sarva prathama DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI ane e.esa.gaDhe dvArA vIsamI sadInA trIjA cothA dAyakAmAM thayuM. paraMtu stratigraphic purAvAonA abhAve prApta purAvazeSono tithikrama nizcita karI nahIM zakAyo. DaoN. esa.Ara.rAve phebruArI, 1949mAM ghaNI sajAgatAthI gohilavADa TImbAmAM keTaluMka prAyogika utpanana karyuM ane nadIkinAre cairn circle mAM post-cremation burial tathA eka bauddha smArakane TImbAnI uttara dizAmAM zodhI kADhayuM. pahelAM zodhAyelA tathA DaoN. esa.Ara. dvArA utpananita pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mATInAM vAsaNo ane anya purAvazeSone eka stratigraphic AdhAra Apyo. A adhyayana pachI temaNe Amreli-Kshatrapa Gupta Town nAme prakAzita karyuM. temanA dvArA karavAmAM Avela vyavasthita ukhananathI prabhAvita thaIne amalAnaMda ghoSa, tatkAlIna saMyukta mahAnidezaka, purAtattva vibhAge temane amarelInI najIka aitihAsika sthaLa vANiyAvADa vAdara nAmanA Adya sthaLanuM kArya sopyuM je Later Harappan Settlement nA rUpamAM jANavAmAM AvyuM. (2) raMgapura : 1947mAM bhArata-pAka, vibhAjana pachI surendranagara jillAmAM lImaDI tAlukAmAM Avela raMgapuranuM eka haDappIya cokIrUpe mahattva vadhI gayuM. amalAnaMda ghoSe, esa.Ara.rAvane Adya aitihAsika saMskRtimAM bhAratanI sthiti nirdhArita karavA mATe tenuM khodakAma karavA kahyuM. A paDakAramAM esa.Ara. rAva saphaLa thayA. emaNe 1953mAM pUrva purAtattvavido dvArA upekSita raMgapura TIMbAmAM eka kSetra pasaMda karyuM, jemAM utsAhajanaka pariNAma prApta thayuM. ahIMyAMthI haDappIya vizeSatAo yukta IMTonI nIka ane haDappIya saMskRtinA cabUtarAnI sAthe sAthe mATInAM vAsaNo, maNakA, paththaranAM vajaniyAM ane cher: blade prApta thayAM. haDappIya saMskRtinA kramika patana saMbaMdhita purAvA tathA enI uttarAdhikArI saMskRtinAM lustrous red ware prApta thayAM. je mArTImara vhIlaranA haDappIya saMskRtinA Akasmika patana saMbaMdhI matane nakAre che. esa.Ara.rAvanA mate ahIMyAMthI siMdhu saMskRtinA patana pachInAM traNaso varSa sudhInA purAvA maLe che. (3) lothala : esa.Ara.rAva dvArA khodAyeluM purAtAttvika sthaLa raMgapura keTalAka purAtattvavido dvArA paripakva haDappIya sabhyatAnA sthaLa tarIke nakArAyA pachI sAbaramatI ane bhogAvA nadIonA mukhapradezo upara AveluM godInagara lothala navembara, 1954mAM zodhI kADhyuM je amadAvAda thI 80 ki.mI. dakSiNa-pazcimamAM dhoLakA tAlukAnA saragavAlA gAmathI 2 ki.mI. pazcimamAM AveluM che. esa.Ara.rAvanI dekharekha heThaLa pacAsa mAsa sudhI niraMtara karavAmAM Avela A kAmamAM godAma (1955-1962)nA ahevAlamAM nagara-Ayojana, godI(dockyard), anAjanAM godAma, maNakAnAM kArakhAnAM, kabarastAna maLyAno ullekha che. siMdhu lipinI utpatti ane 1900 I.pU.thI kramika patana saMbaMdhita purAvA temaNe prastuta karyA. esa.Ara.rAvanA lothalanA khodakAmamAM maLelA purAvAoe siMdhu saMskRtinA patana pAchaLa prAkRtika ApadAnA matane mAnavA mATe majabUra karyA. ahIMthI prApta khodakAmanA avazeSo ane smArakoe samakAlIna dariyAI gatividhio ane videza vyApAra jevA ajJAta pakSo paNa prastuta karyA. bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa dvArA 1963mAM raMgapura riporTa tathA 1979 ane 1985mAM be khaMDomAM lothala riporTa Lothal-Harappan Port Towm prakAzita thayA. have siMdhu sabhyatA saMbaMdhI zopakArya mATe A be sthaLo saMdarbha-sthaLa (index site) tarIke jovAmAM Ave che. (4) gujarAta sthita anya haDappIya sthaLonI zodha : esa.Ara. rAve lagabhaga saMpUrNa gujarAtamAM vibhinna jagyAomAM sarvekSaNa karI lagabhaga 40 jeTalAM parAtAttvika sthaLone zodhI kADhyAM, jemAM keTalAMka haDappIya, Late Harappan tathA anya Post Harappan che. esa.Ara.rAve pratyeka muzkelIne avasaramAM badalI nAMkhI hatI. jema ke lothalamAM maNakA banAvavA mATe prayuta mANijya(semi-precious stone)nA srota samasyAnA samAdhAna mATe narmadA taTe mehagAma ane kimataTe bhagatarAva zodhI kADhyAM. tene have aparipakva haDappIya saMskRtinI dakSiNa cheDAnI sImA mAnavAmAM Ave che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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haDappIya loko dvArA siMdhathI lothala pahoMcavAnA mArgane zodhI kADhavuM e temanI sAme eka paDakAra hato. temaNe A bAbate kacchamAM saMzodhana karyuM ane dezaLapura nAmanuM purAtAttvika sthaLa zodhyuM. (5) dariyAI purAtattva : siMdhu sabhyatAnA samayathI ja bhArata eka mahAna dariyAI zakti hatuM. lothalamAM 710' x 120 AkAranI IMTothI nirmita tidal godI haDappIya lokonA takanikI kauzalano namuno banI rahe che. e samaye vyApArika gatividhio baherIna ane sumera sudhI phelAyelI hatI. pachI kamboja, yavanadIpa vagere dezo sAthe vyApArika ane sAMskRtika saMbaMdha sthApita thayA. bhAratanAM jahAjo. TanabaMdha sAmagrInI sAthesAthe hAthI ane azvone paNa laI jatA hatA. temAMnA keTalAMka jahAjo prAkRtika Apattio athavA naukA yuddhane pariNAme DUbI paNa gayAM. A tUTelAM ane DUbelAM jahAjo samakAlIna samAjanI bhautika AbAdInuM sUcana kare che. A adhyayanathI. dariyAI vyApAra, jahAja-nirmANa ane sAMskRtika AntarasaMbaMdhone nirdhArita karI zakAya che. jo ke Aja sudhI lothala ane anya haDappIya baMdaronA patanathI bIjI sahasrAbdI I.sa. pUrva sAtavAhana yuga sudhImAM moTA pAye bAhya sAmudrika vepAra ane jahAja-nirmANa saMbaMdhita koI purAtAttvika purAvAo maLatA nathI. A samaya aMdhakAra yuga tarIke oLakhAya che. sAhityika kRtio khAsa karIne Rgvada, mahAbhArata tathA jAtakakathAomAM samudrI yAtrAo, bhagna jahAjo ane zrIkRSNa dvArA nirmita dvArakAnagarI DULyAnA ullekho maLe che. bhArate potAnA 6000 ki.mI. lAMbA samudrakinAre lagabhaga 200 jeTalAM baMdaronA astitvane kAraNe AMtarasAmudrika vyApAra ane dakSiNa-pUrva eziyAmAM khAsa karIne kamboja, yavanadIpa, suvarNadvIpa ane brahmadezamAM bhAratIya kalA ane saMskRtinA phelAvAmAM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAvI che. borIbuduramAM bhAratIya jahAjanA AgamananAM mudrAMkano maLe che. aMkoravATa ane jAvAnA raMgamaMca (Javanese Theatre) paNa bhAratIya kalA saMskRtinAM vakhANa kare che. bhagna jahAja ane DUbelAM baMdaro purAtattvIya adhyayananA saMdarbhe bhAratanI mUlyavAna saMpatti che, jenI sAcavaNI Avazyaka che. chellAM lagabhaga pa000 varSomAM hajAro jahAja bhAratIya mahAsAgaramAM tophAna, naukAyuddha ane sAmudrika gatividhine kAraNe DUbI cUkyAM che. pratyeka jahAja jo ke samAjanuM pratIka che jayAM te nirmita thayAM te tatkAlIna sAmAjika ane Arthika paristhiti para prakAza pADe che bhAratamAM dariyAI itihAsanA punarnirmANanA uddezathI dariyAI purAtattvanI eka navI zAkhA zarU karavAnuM zreya zrI esa.Ara.rAvane phALe jAya che jemaNe DUbelAM baMdara ane jahAjone zodhavAnA uddezyathI 1981mAM National Institute of Oceanography nI gavAmAM sthApanA karI. te bhAratamAM dariyAI purAtattvavidyAnA janaka che. 1979mAM dvArakAdhIza maMdira najIka khodakAma pachI temane I.pU. 1500mAM samudramAM garaka thayelA eka nagaranI mAhitI sAMpaDI. A purAvAe rAvane paurANika nagara dvArakAnI zodha karavA prerita karyA. prathama samaya (Period) I.pU. 1500mAM A eka mukhya baMdara dvArakArakA ke tAranagara hatuM. ahIMyAMthI moTI saMkhyAmAM traNa viMdvayukta trikoNAkara laMgara (triangular anchor) prApta thayA che, je 14-12 sadI I.pU.nA sAIprasa ane sIriyAnAM laMgaro sAthe sAmyatA dharAve che. prAraMbhika aitihAsika samayamAM A mukhya baMdara hatuM, je prApta avazeSothI spaSTa thAya che. 4.5 mITara lAMbI dIvAla ane lokhaMDanuM laMgara paNa sAmela che. (6) prAcIna smArakonuM sarvekSaNa ane saMrakSaNa : esa.Ara.rAve rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, karNATaka ane tamilanADu sthita vibhinna mahattvapUrNa prAgaitihAsika, prAcIna grApha-madhyakAlIna ane madhyakAlIna smArakonA saMrakSaNamAM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAvI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra je srota Aje sAMskRtika dharohara rUpe mojUda hovAnI sAthe-sAthe paryaTana udyoganI Avakano mukhya srota banI rahela che. tenA dvArA saMrakSita mukhya smArakomAM rAjasthAnanAM baMDolI, bijoliyA, minAla sthita maMdiro (7mIthI 9mI sadI I.sa.), citoDagaDha durga sthita rANA kuMbhA mahela, padminI mahela ane phaTTA mahela, satI kuMDa, mIrA ane sammidhezvara maMdira; mahArASTramAM ajaMTA guphAo, ehola, paTTadakala ane bAdAmI sthita prArasmika cAlukya maMdirono samAveza thAya che. emaNe tAjamahAlane yathAsthiti saMrakSavAmAM paNa mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA bhajavI che. (7) anya : www.kobatirth.org esa.Ara.rAve rAjasthAnamAM gaMbhIrI ane caMbala ghATI sthita mesoragaDhanuM khodakAma karyuM; madhya pradezanA Late Stone Age sthaLanI zodhanA pariNAme rIvA jillAmAM iTAra pahADamAM zailAzraya zodhI kADhyA, jemAM mahattvanI citrakalAo hatI; dakSiNa bhAratamAM navapASANa, tAmrAma, mahAzma vagere sthaLonI zodha karI, jemAM tAmilanADumAM uttarI arkoTa jillAmAM paiTamapallI sthita vibhinna vasavATa-sthaLo che. emaNe mahArASTramAM daimAbAda tAmrAzya saMskRtinI sAthe sAthe hunuramAM keTalAka mahAzma avazeSo mATe tathA hampI (vijayanagara)mAM paNa khodakAma karyuM. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (III) esa.Ara.rAva dvArA saMbhaLAyelI javAbadArIo, prApta karela sanmAna ane puraskAra tathA lakhAyela pustako, saMzodhana lekho temaja utkhanana ahevAlonI sUcI nIce mujaba che : S.R. Rao has been holding the following positions in various institutions and associations 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Emeritus Scientist : Marine Archaeology Centre. NIO. Goa. 2. Chairman Board of Trustees. Keladi Museum and Historical Research Bureau. Keladi. Vice President: Epigraphical Society of India. Mysore. Member : Intemational Roerich Memorial Trust (Regd.). India, Bangalore. Member Board of Trustees, Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath, Bangalore. Member : Managing Committee, College of Fine Arts, Art Complex, Bangalore. 7. Editor : Journal of Marine Archaeology, NIO, Goa. 8. Advisor Shree Manjunatha Dharamotthana Trust, Bangalore. 9. Honours And Awards: 1. 2. Member Advisory Committee of the National Museum Society for Art and Conservation of Art objects, New Delhi. 10. President : Society for Marine Archaeology, NIO.Goa. 11. Honorary Correspondent : Archaeological INews, USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow (1977-79) Sir Hugh Candy Gold Medal, University of Mysore. pathika * traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 7. 3. 4. 5. 6. World Ship Trust International Award for Individual Achievement in Maritime Archaeology 1991. F.I.E.Foundation National Award for excellence in Science and Technology. 1. 2. Karnataka Rajyaprashasti and Gold Medal. Mythic Society Gold medal for Scholar of the year. Sri Krishnanugraha Prashasti, 1992. 1989. www.kobatirth.org 8. Department of Reports Archaeology Mysore Centenary Award. Reports, Books And Articles : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Excavation Reports Excavations at Rangapur and other Explorations in Gujarat Ancient India Nos. 18 and 19. Books 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. Bharatiya Puratatva, (Kannada). 1961, Bangalore. 2. Amreli-A Kshatrapa-Gupta Town, 1996, Baroda. 3. Adya Aitihasika Samskrityon (Gujarat), Gujaratno Rajakiya ane Samskritika Itihasa, vol.1 ed.by R.C.Parikh, and G.H. Shastri, 1972, Ahmedabad., 1973, Bombay. - Lothal and the Indus Civilization, 1973, Bombay. Lothal A Harappan Port-town (in two volumes). Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India (no.78)vol.I, 1979, Delhi. Traditional Paintings of Karnataka, 1980, Bangalore. The Decipherment of the Indus Script, 1982, Bombay. Progress and Prospects of Marine Archaeology in India, National Institute of Oceanography, 1987, Goa. 9. Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, National Institute of Oceanography, 1988, Goa. 10. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. 1, (ed), 1990, NIO, Goa. 11. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol. 2, (ed), 1991,NIO,Goa. 12. Dawn and Devolution of the Indus Civilization, 1991,NIO, Goa. 13. Journal of Marine Archaeology, Vol.3,(ed), 1992, NIO,Goa. 14. Recent Advance in Marine Archaeology, (ed), 1991,NIO,Goa. 15. New Frontiers of Archaeology, Bombay, 1994. 16. The Lost City of Dwarka, New Delhi, 1999. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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5. 2. Research articles in learned journals and periodicals: 1. "Belagutti Kaifiyats'- Quarterly Journal of the Mythic (QJMS). Vol. XXXV, no.2, 1944, pp.61- 71. 2. 'Belagutti Arasus'- Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Soceity (OJMS). Vol. XXXVI, no.2, 1945. pp. 84-90 Belagutti Records'- Summary of the Papers read at the XV Session of the All India Oriental Conference, 1949, Bombay. 'Problems at Amreli' - Abstract of Papers read at the 58th Session of the Indian Sciences Congress (Archaelogy and Anthropology section). 1952.. Process adopted in Clearing Bronzes found from Akota near Baroda - Journal of Indian Museum, Vol. VIII, 1952, Bombay, pp. 43-46. 6. Nilamangala grant of Verkata II 'Saka 1954 - Epigraphia Indica. 7. Jaina Bronzes from Silva Deva - Journal of Indian Museums, Vol. XI, 1955, pp. 30-33 Roads in Ancient India - Transport Review, 1955, Bombay. 9. Excavations at Lothal - Lalitakala, nos. 3-4, 1956-57, pp. 82-89 10. The Spread of Harappa Culture in West India - Summary of the Papers read at 20th session of the Indian History Congress, section I (Ancient India), 1957 11. Lithic Tool Industries of the Chalcolithic Cultures in West India- Ibid. 12. Excavations at Lothal - March of India. 1960. 13. Excavations at Lothal - Illustrated London News (Feb. 11 and March 5). 1961. 14. Ceramics of the Indus Valley in Gujarat- Marg, Vol. XIV (June. 1961). no.3, pp.20-27 15. Discovery of Lothal - >>India, 1961, London 16. Lothal and West India - Summary of the Papers read at the Symposium of Asian Archaeology. 1962. New Delhi. 17. A Persian Gulf Seal from Lothal - Antiquity, June, 1963, Cambridge. 18. 'Shipping and Maritime Trade of the Indus People' Expedition, Vol. 7. no.3. 1965, Philadelphia. 19. Port and Planned Town of 4000 years ago - Yojana, 1965, New Delhi. 20. Further Excavations at Lothal, Lalitkala, no. 11,1965, New Delhi. 21. Mesopotamia - Tamil Encyclopaedia, 1967, Madras. 22. Excavations at Lothal. A port city of the Indus Civilization, Archaeologia, May- June 1969, Paris non ulus Haus - g4uS-2410122-24122042, 2003 * 39 For Private and Personal Use Only

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23. Discovery of Buddhist Remains at Pauni, District Bhandara (In French)... Archaeologia, 1969, Paris 24. Shipping in Ancient India - India's Contribution to World Thought and Culture, 1970, Madras 25. Presidential Address to the History Conference (held on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of Karnataka Historical Research Society, 1971, Dharwar.) 26. A Note on the Chronology of Early Chalukyan Temples, Lalitkala, no.15.171. 27. Excavations at Kanheri - S.H.Ritti and B.R.Gopal eds. Studies in Indian History and Culture, 1971. Dharwar, pp. 113-16. 28. Indus Script Deciphered - Illustrated Weekly of India, Dec. 16, 1971. 29. Soviet Monuments, Sites and Museums, 1-11 - Socialist India, June 17-24, 1972, New Delhi. 30. Archaeology since Independence, Socialist India (Independence Day Silver Jubilee Volume). 1972, New Delhi. 31. The Indus Script - Methodology and Language, Radio Carbon and Indian Archaeology, 1973, Mysore. 32. C. dates as applicable to Harappan Sites - Archaeology, 1973, Bombay. 33. Recent Discoveries in Aihole and Pattadakal - K.V.Ramesh and others, eds, Srikanthika, 1973, Mysore. 34. India's Past - Review of a Cultural History of India, A.L.Basham ed., Book Review, Vol. 11, 4, July-Aug., New Delhi, 1977 35. Indus Valley Bronzes from Diamabad - Illustrated London News, March. 1978. 36. Late Harappan Daimabad, Illustrated London News, April, 1978. 37. Indus Script Deciphered - Manthan, Dec. 1978, Delhi 38. Contacts between Lothal and Susa- XXVI International Congress of Orientalist, New Delhi and in George L.Possehl ed., Ancient Cities of the Indus, 1979, New Delhi, p.174. 39. The Indus People Invent the Alphabet - Souvenior, The Epigraphical Soci ety of India, 5th Annual Conference, 1979, Bangalore. 40. Deciphering the Indus Script - India and Foreign Review, Nov. 15, 1979. 41. 'Persian Gulf' Seal from Lothal-Gregory L.Possehl (ed.) Ancient Cities of the Indus, 1979, New Delhi, p.148 42. Presidential Address to the History Conference on Keladi (1969). G.S.Dikshit. Studies in Keladi History. 1979, Bangalore. ulas Aulas - 7419-2410122-242042, 2003 * 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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43. Krishna's Dwaraka, Indian and Foreign Review, March 15, 1980, Delhi 44. Indus Script and Language - Annals of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Insti. tute, Vol. LXI, 1980, Poona. 45. "Recent Archaeological Discoveries: Krishna's Dwarka" in Indian and For eign Review, Vol. 17.11. 1980. 46. Presidential Address, Seventh Annual Congress, 8th Epigraphical Society of India, 1981, Calcutta- S.H.Ritti and Ajaymitra Shastri. 47. Indus Script Deciphered - Bhavan's Journal, March 15, 1981. 48. Underwater Archaeology in India (Part I). The Indian Express, 1981, Bombay. 49. Underwater Archaeology in India (Part II). Ibid 50. New Light on Hampi (Vijaynagara)- Souvenir, R.S.Panchamukhi Felicitation Committee. 51. Trivikrama - Myth or Reality - Tattvaloka. 52, Indus Script - Sir Mortimer Wheeler Felicitation Volume. 53. "Was the Indus Script Phonetic ?" in Science Today, March, 1982. 54. The Harappan State: A Hypothesis Devahuti ed., Historical and Political Perspectives, 1982, New Delhi. 55. New light on the post-Urban (late Harappan) phase of the Indus Civilization - Souvenir on the Indus Civilization. 56. Was Indus Script Phonetic ? Science Today, March, 1982, Bombay. 57. Science and Planning Four Thousand Years Ago - Science Today, June, 1982. 58. The Indus Civilization and Writing - Rashtrakavi Govinda Pai Samsodhana Kendra, Udipi. 59. Mining and Metallurgy "in Ancient India - Abstract of Papers - XV Internatonal Congress of the History of Science, Edinburgh. 60. "The Harappan State - A Hypotheses"Historical and Political Perspectives, Devahuti ed., Delhi, 1982, pp. 103-12 61. "Sunken Ships and Submerged Ports", Science Today, September, 1983, Bombay. "Submergance of Dwarka is a fact", Jnana Jyoti (Sri Satya Pramoda Nidhi Trust), 1984, Bangalore. 63. "Marine Archaeological Investigations in Indian Waters and Discovery of Submerged Dwarka, Manjusha : S.R.Rao's 60th birthday Felication Volume, Satyavrata Sastri ed., 1985, Bangalore. uds duulas - 7410S-241OLZ2-282012, 2003 * 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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64. Language and Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization in Bharati, Lallanji Gopal ed., 1985, Varanasi, pp. 1-19. 65. "Decoding the Indus Script" in Indus Valley to Mekong Delta, Noboru Karasimha ed., 1985, Varanasi, pp.1-19. 66. "Trade and Cultural Contacts between Bahrain and Indian in the Third and Second Millennia BC." in Bahrain through the ages: the Archaeology S.M.A.Al Khalifa ed., 1986. London, pp. 376-82. 67. Submerged City and Shipwreck in Dwarka, International Journal of Nauti. cal Archaeology, Vol. 163, 1987. 68. "Marine Archaeological Explorations off Dwarka's North-West Coast of In dia", Indian Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 16, 1987. 69. "Concept and Evolution of Sacrifice in the Indus Civilization and Vedic Period", Sacrifice in India-Concept and Evolution, S.S.Dange, ed., 1987, p.9 "Sagar ke Tala Men Pauranika Dwarka Ki Khoja" (Hindi), Dharmayuga, August, 1987, p.9 71. Marine Archaeological Research in India, 40 years of Research - ACSIR overview, 1988, New Delhi, pp. 231-54. 72. "The Future of Marine Archaeology in India Ocean Countries" in Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, S.R.Rao (ed.), 1988, NIO, Goa. 73. "Excavations of Submerged Ports- Dwarkas: A Case Study" in Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, S.R.Rao (ed.), 1988, NIO, Goa 74. "Problems of Target Search Technique in Shallow Water of Marine Ar chaeological Studies" in Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, S.R.Rao (ed.), 1988 NIO, Goa. 75. "Underwater Cultural Heritage of Indian Ocean Islands" in Marine Archaeo logical of Indian Ocean Countries, S.R.Rao (ed.), 1988, NIO, Goa. 76. "Marine Archaeology finds Submerged Dwarka" in India and Foreign Re view, Vol. 28.6., 1988. 77. "Protohistoric Inscription from Sea near Bet Dwarka" in Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, 1988, pp. 82-86. 78. "Marine Archaeology of Submerged Dwarka city" in Essays on Indology, Polity and Administration in Honour of Sri R.K. Trivedi, S.D. Trivedi., 1989, Delhi. pp. 1-16. 79. "Marine Archaeology in India" in Ajaya-Sri, A.M.Shastri Felicitation Vol ume, D.Handa (ed.), 1989, Delhi. pp. 9-13. 80. Sunken City of Dwarka in Golden Jubilee Commemorative Volume, The In stitute of Engineers, A.P.State Centre, pp. 9-10. uas duas - 94489-410122-244242, 2003 * YO For Private and Personal Use Only

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81. In quest of Dwarka, India Magazine, Vol. 9. Oct., 1989. 82. "New Light on the Dark Age of Indian History" in Adaptation and Other Essays, N.C.Ghosh. S.Chakrabarti (eds.) 1989, Calcutta. 83. "Excavation of the legendary City of Dwarka in the Arabian Sea" in Journal of Marine Archaeology. Vol. 11990. pp. 59-98. 84. "The Discovery of the legendary city of Dwarka", in Arabian Sea Acoustic remote sensing. S.P.Singal (ed.), 1990. "Under-sea Archaeology in Current Trends in Coastal Marine Sciences, Ramachandran and S.Rajgopal (ed.). 1990. 106-10. 86. "Techno-Cultural Contact Between India and Cultural Asia during the Protohistoric and Early Historic Periods" in Interaction between Indian and Cultural Science and Technology in Medieval Times, W.H.Abidi (ed.), 1990, New Delhi. 87. "Further Excavations off Dwarka and Bet Dwarka" in Recent Advances in Marine Archaeology, S.R.Rao (ed.). 1991,NIO, Goa 88. "Underwater Explorations of Submerged Towns near Tranquebar (Tarangambadi), Tanil Nadu" in Recent Advances in Marine Archaeology, S.R.Rao (ed.), 1991, NIO. Goa. 89. Marine Archaeology with special reference to Dwarka" Spectrum of Indian Culture, (Prof. S.B.Deo Felicitation Volume). C. Margabandhu, K.S.Ramachandran, 1996, Delhi. pp. 210-215 ulas dulas - ALES-2410122-2477012, 2003 * 89 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtanA itihAsavida pro. ema.esa. komisAriyeta DaoN. ramezakAMta go. parIkha * gujarAtanA itihAsanA madhyakAlIna samayanA saltanata, mughala ane marAThA itihAsamAM viziSTa pradAna karanAra itihAsanA prakhara abhyAsI itihAsavida pro. mANekazAha soharAba zAha komisAriyeta mAtra gujarAtanA ke bhAratanA ja nahIM, paNa AMtararASTrIya kakSAe khyAti pAmelA vidvAna hatA. kArakirdI : prophe. komisAriyatano janma pArasI kuTuMbamAM 1881nA DisembaranI 11mIe thayo. kAlejanuM zikSaNa muMbaInI seMTa jheviyarsa kaeNAlejamAM lIdhuM ane itihAsa viSayamAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI bI.e.nI parIkSA 1903mAM prathama vargamAM ane ema.e.nI parIkSA 1905mAM pasAra karI. bI.e.nI parIkSAmAM prathama varga meLavyo hovAthI temaNe seMTa jheviyarsa kaeNlejamAM ja 'dakSiNA phaeNlozipa' prApta karI. ema.e. thayA pachI tarata ja temane amadAvAdanI sarakArI gujarAta kAlejamAM "emeriTasa prophesara oNpha hisTarI eNnDa poliTikala ikonomiksa' tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA. kAlejamAM bI.e.nA vargomAM hiMdustAnano itihAsa, iMglenDano itihAsa ane arthazAstra zIkhavatA. snAtaka kakSAe rAjyazAstra viSaya zIkhavavAnI sagavaDa umerAtAM, temaNe rAjyazAstra viSayamAM paNa adhyApana kArya karyuM. teoe itihAsanA ema.e.nA vidyArthIone mArgadarzana rUpa vyAkhyAno ApyAM ane vidyArthIone upayogI banI rahe tevI saraLa bhASAmAM vyAkhyAnonA viSayavALI noMdho paNa utarAvI. thoDA samaya mATe gujarAta kAlejanA AcArya tarIke paNa sevAo ApI. 1935mAM sarakArI sevAmAMthI nivRtta thayA bAda teo muMbaI gayA. tyAM temanA bhAI jahAMgIra jeo pote aMgrejI ane phreMca bhASAnA prAdhyApaka hatA, temanI sAthe eNpolo baMdara, omisTana roDa para AvelA 3, 'rI hAusa'mAM vasavATa karI zeSa jIvana gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna samayanA itihAsanI sAdhanA, saMzodhana ane lekhanamAM vitAvyuM ! teo apariNIta hatA. pro. kAmisAriyetanI adhyApaka tarIkenI kArakirdI daramiyAna temanI itihAsa saMzodhana mATenI rasavRtti keLavAI ane te jIvananI chellI paLa sudhI jIvaMta rahI. temanI adhyApaka tarIkenI kArakirdI daramiyAna teo vividha itihAsa viSayaka ane sAMskRtika maMDaLo sAthe saMlagna hatA. teo "inDiyana hisTorikala raeNkorDajha kamizana''nA tathA 'baoNmbe hisTarI kaoNMgresa''nA sakriya sabhya hatA. 1931mAM alAhAbAdamAM yojAyelI inDiyana hisTarI kaoNMgresa'nA adhivezanamAM vibhAgIya pramukha tarIke paNa teo rahyA hatA. temane sarakAre "khAna bahAdura"nuM biruda paNa ApyuM hatuM. bANuM varSanI vaye 1972nA me mahinAnI 25mIe temanuM muMbaImAM avasAna thayuM. pro. komisAriyeta nivRtti-jIvanamAM atizaya pravRtta rahyA. A samayamAM temaNe gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna samayanA saltanata, mughala ane marAThAkAlanA itihAsa mATe saMzodhana kArya cAlu rAkhI traNe samaya mATenA traNe graMthonuM lekhanakAma hastapratarUpe taiyAra karyuM. temaNe 'hisTarI oNpha gujarAta'nA pahelA be graMtho 1938 ane 1957mAM anukrame prasiddha karyA. trIjA graMthanI hastaprata AkharI svarUpamAM taiyAra hatI paNa tenuM prakAzana thavA pAme te pahelAM temanuM avasAna thayuM. temanA bhAI jahAMgIre sadgata bhAInuM saMzodhita kAma jALavI rAkhyuM ane trIjA graMthanA prakAzana mATe gujarAta vidyAsabhA(amadAvAda)ne adhikAra ApI anukULatA karI ApI. A graMtha 1980mAM prakAzita thayo. * nivRtta, prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 42 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pro. kAmisAriyatanI itihAsa saMzodhana ane lekhana mATenI preraNA, protsAhana ane paddhati vize jotAM pahelAM temanAM saMzodhana ane lekhanakAma vize joIe. saMzodhana, lekhanakAma, prakAzana : pro. kaeNmisAriyete vadhu saMkhyAmAM prakAzano karyAM nathI. paNa je kAMI karyAM che te noMdhapAtra che. pro. kAmisAriyete temanI adhyApaka tarIkenI samagra kArakirdI daramiyAna itihAsa, rAjakIya arthazAstra ane rAjyazAstra viSayonuM adhyayana ane adhyApana karAvatAM karAvatAM gujarAtamAM vAghelA vaMzanA patana pachI saltanata, mughala ane marAThA samayane lagatA itihAsanuM saMzodhana karavA tarapha dhyAna kendrita karyuM. e kSetrone lagatA UMDA abhyAsa ane saMzodhananA pariNAme temaNe je itihAsalekhana pravRtti karI te nIce mujaba che : 1. Mandelslo's Travels in Western India, Oxford University Press, London. 1931. A pravAsa pustakamAM maeNnDello nAmano eka jarmana yuvAna pravAsI je dariyAI mArge I.sa. 1938nA eprilamAM surata Avyo, rahyo ane ATha mahinA sudhI gujarAtanAM ghaNAM sthaLonI mulAkAta lIdhI. teNe surata, khaMbhAta ane amadAvAda vize lakhelAM varNanono ahevAla ApavAmAM Avyo che. e pravAsI 1639nA jAnyuArImAM surata thaIne svadeza pAcho pharyo hato. 2. Studies in the History of Gujarat, Longman's Green & Co., London, 1935 pro. komisAriyetane muMbaI yunivarsiTI taraphathI niyaMtraNa maLatAM 1930-31mAM 'Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnazreNI'nI yojanA heThaLa sTaDIjha ina dha hisTarI oNpha gujarAta" nAme vyAkhyAna ApyAM. A vyAkhyAno muMbaI yunivarsiTIe 1935mAM pustakarUpe pragaTa karyAM. A vyAkhyAnomAM gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna samayane lagato viSaya nirUpyo che. temAM je muddAone AvarI lIdhA temAM bhAratanA pazcima kAMThAnA vistAramAM gujarAtanA muslima zAsako ane porTugIjho vacceno saMbaMdho, amadAvAdanA agragaNya jaina dAnezvarI ane prathama nAgarika evA zAMtidAsa jhaverInI vividha pravRtio tathA temanA mughala samrATo sAthenA saMbaMdho, 1666mAM gujarAtanA pravAse AvelA phreMca pravAsI jIna da thivanoTanAM saMsmaraNo tathA samrATa auraMgajhebanA zAsanakALamAM gujarAtamAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika pravRttionAM varNano ane ahevAlo che. 3. History of Gujarat (with a Survey of its Monuments and Inscriptions) Vol. I : The Muslim period : A.D. 1296-1573 A.D. Longman's Green & Co., Bombay. 1938. potAnA maulika ane vistRta saMzodhana para AdhArita A graMtha gujarAtanA saltanatakAlIna itihAsa mATe ziramorasamo banI rahyo. kAraNa ke 13mI sadI pachI gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe UMDA abhyAsavALI ane vivecanAtmaka rUpanI itihAsakRtino e samayamAM abhAva hato, tenI khoTa A graMthathI purAI. A graMthamAM je muddAo AvarI levAyA temAM prAstavika rUpe maurya samayathI vAghelA vaMzanA patana sudhI (1298), dilhInA sulatAno taraphathI mokalAyelA senApatioe gujarAta jItI lIdhA bAda tyAM sthApita karAyelA sUbAono vahIvaTa, gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanatanI sthApanA ane tenA sulatAnonI kArakirdI ane temanuM zAsana, emanA porTugIjho sAthenA saMbaMdho, porTugIjhono gujarAtamAM praveza ane pagapesAro, mughala samrATa humAyu ane sulatAna bahAdurazAha vacceno saMdharSa, samrATa akabare gujarAta jItI lIdhA bAda gujarAtano prAMta tarIke mughala pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmrAjyamAM karelo samAveza, keTalAka videzI pravAsIonA ahevAlo, abhilekho, purAvazeSIya smAraka imArato vagere che. 4. Imperial Mughal Farmans in Gujarat (Being Farmans mainly used in favour of Shantidas Javahari of the Ahmedabad by the Mughal Emperors). Originally as research paper contributed to the Journal of the Bombay Brahch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. I, No.10, June-July, Bombay, 1940. A pustakamAM aitihAsika daSTie rasaprada ane mahattvanAM kahI zakAya tevAM mughala zAsakonAM pharamAnonuM saMyojana karavAmAM AvyuM che. temAM jaina sAdhuo tarapha sahiSNutA batAvavAnAM, amadAvAdanuM ciMtAmaNi jaina maMdira zAMtidAsa jhaverIne punaH soMpyAnAM, amadAvAdamAM zAhajAdA murAdabakSe rUA. 5, 50,000/-nI rakama zAMtidAsanA putro pAsethI uchInI rakama(lona) tarIke lIdhAnAM, uttara gujarAtamAM muMjapura paragaNAmAM 'zaMkhezvara'nA ijArAnAM, amadAvAdamAM jainonA lumpakA (lomakA) saMpradAye karelI keTalIka phariyAdonA nivAraNanAM, rAja-jhaverI tarIke zAMtidAsa jhaverInI dhaMdhAdArI pharaja nakkI karyAnAM, zAMtidAsanI milakata ane jAgIro aMgenAM, navasArInA keTalAka pArasIonI tarapheNavALAM, pAlItANA aMge zAhI pharamAno, "tharDa jenyuiTa mizana'nA pAdarIone apAyelAM pharamAno tathA zrImad vallabhAcAryanA gosvAmI mahArAjane soLa jeTalAM ApavAmAM AvelAM pharamAno, jemAMnAM moTebhAge akabara ane zAhajahAMe ApelAM hatAM, temano samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. atre noMdhavuM joIe ke gosvAmI mahArAjone apAyelAM pharamAnonuM aMgrejI, hiMdI ane gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAla mo. jhaverIe karyuM che. 5. History of Gujarat (with a Survey of its Mounments and Inscriptions), Vol. II: The Mughal Period : From A.D. 1573-1758 A.D., Orient Longmans Private Ltd., Bombay, 1957. A graMthamAM je pAsAMo AvarI levAyAM temAM gujarAta pradeza mughala sAmrAjayanA eka sUbA (prAMta) tarIke 185 varSa sudhI rahyo teno Akho itihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. temAM auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI zAhI sUbApada mATe cAlelI lAMbI spardhA ane AMtarika banAvo, akabara ane jahAMgIranA darabAramAM gujarAtamAM thayelA dhArmika saMto ane AcAryo, 17mI sadImAM gujarAtamAM rezama tathA sutarAu kApaDa udyogano vikAsa, gaLI ane anya udyogo, 1630-32mAM paDelo mahAdukALa ane tenI Arthika asaro, 17mI sadImAM gujarAtamAM AvelA yuropIya pravAsIo (iTAliyana DelA vela, aMgreja pAdarIo revanDa henrI lo ane thomasa harbarTa, je. AlbarTa da menDeslo, jina da zivanoTa ane jahona phAyara), 1707 thI 1758 daramiyAna mughalomarAThAo vacceno saMgharSa ane marAThAoe amadAvAda jItI laI tenA para sattA sthApI tyAM sudhIno samaya AvarI levAyo che. A samayanI imAratonA phoTogrAphsa, abhilekho paNa ApavAmAM AvyA che. 6. History of Gujarat : Vol. III: The Maratha period : 1758 A.D. to 1818 A.D. Gujarat Vidya Sabha, Ahmedabad, 1980. A graMthamAM muMbaI, sAlasITa, dIva, damaNa, vasAI jevAM saurASTra ane uttara koMkaNa(I.sa. 15341739)mAM AvelA sthaLo para porTugIjhonA vahIvaTa, rAjakIya saMgharSo ane dharmapracAra, 17mI sadImAM mughala sUbAono suratano vahIvaTa, IsTa inDiyA kaMpanI ane tenI AraMbhanI caDatI paDatI, gujarAtamAM marAThAonAM prAraMbhika AkramaNo, muMbaI zaherano udaya ane tenA surata sAthenA saMbaMdho (I.sa. 1660-1690), auraMgajhebanA uttarakAlIna samayano suratano, hiMdI sAgaromAM yuropiyanonI cAMciyAgIrI, suratamAM navAbono vahIvaTa, (I.sa. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 44 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1724-1800) ane sattA mATe temanA zAhajAdAo vaccenI harIphAI, bharUca, khaMbhAta ane rAdhanapuranA navAbanI potAnI sattA ane astitva TakAvI rAkhavA mATeno saMgharSa, marAThA AgevAno ane saradAromAM vadhatA jatA AMtarika jhaghaDA, gujarAtamAM aMgreja-marAThAo vacce yuddha, gujarAtamAM pezavAonA zAsanano chello tabakko, amadAvAda para aMgrejoe meLavelo kabajo tathA uttara gujarAtamAM sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti (I.sa. 178018rI daramiyAna) jevI bAbatono samAveza thAya che. saMzodhana mATenI bhUmikA : | gujarAtanA prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna rajapUta samayanA itihAsa mATenI sAmagrImAM eNlekajhAMDara kinloka phaoNrbsa saMpAdita kRti sahu prathama laMDanamAM 1856mAM "rAsamALA athavA hindu enAlsa oNpha dha provInsa opha gujharata ina vesTarna inDiyA" nAme prakAzita thayelI. te pachI lekhita sAmagrI tathA sikkAo, tAmrapatro abhilekho tathA purAvazeSIya smAraka imArato vagere jANakArImAM vadhAro thato rahyo ane te parathI itihAsa lakhavAnI pravRttio thatI rahI. paraMtu anurajapUtakAlIna itihAsa mATe pUratA pramANamAM sarvagrAhI ke vivecanAtmaka svarUpavALI kahI zakAya tevI eka paNa itihAsa-kRti jovAmAM AvatI na hatI ! pro. komisAriyete A moTI UNapa joI. teoe ema paNa joyuM ke AvI kRtio hoya to teno upayoga zikSita loko tathA gujarAtanA jillAomAM dUra dUranA bhAgomAM nimAyelA sarakArI adhikArIo potAnI jANa ke mAhitI mATe karI zake. AthI temaNe A khAmI dUra karavA vicAryuM. temaNe temanA gujarAta kolejanA vidyArthIonA jJAnanI cakAsaNI karatAM e paNa joyuM ke vidyArthIo dilhI, AgrA ane bIjAM aitihAsika sthaLonA 15, 16 ane 17mI sadInA itihAsa ane sthApatyonI jANakArI vadhu dharAve che, paNa A samayanA potAnA pradezanA itihAsa vize kazuM vadhu jANatA nathI. pro. komisArita e paNa joyuM ke gujarAtanA zikSita lokone "bomba DisTrikTa gejheTiyarsanA graMthomAM ke "Arkiyolojikala sarve opha inDiyAnAM kImatI prakAzanomAM ApavAmAM AvelI, amadAvAda jevA rAjadhAnI zaheramAM ane gujarAtanAM anya nagaromAM jovA maLatI anupama sthApatyakIya avazeSIya banelI imAratonI jANakArI meLavavAno phAjala samaya nathI ke sagavaDa nathI. tethI temaNe saMkalpa karyo ke jene zuddha aitihAsika banAvo ke hakIkato kahI zakAya teno ane gujarAta pradezanA mahattvanA sthApatyakIya imAratI avazeSono abhyAsa karavo ane temAM A viSaya para phargyusana, je. barjesa ane eca. kajhinsa jevA vidvAnonI kRtiono abhyAsa paNa samAviSTa karavo. Ama lekhakanI gujarAtano madhyakAlIna muslima samayano marAThAo sudhIno itihAsa lakhavA mATenI bhUmikA sarjAI. saMzodhana mATe preraNA ane paddhati : ema jaNAya che ke pro.komisArita A prakArano itihAsa lakhavA mATenuM ciMtana 1918nA arasAmAM zarU karyuM hatuM. ane tyArathI kAmano AraMbha karyo hato. samaya jatAM ekatrita thayelI aitihAsika sAdhana-sAmagrI parathI lakhANa zarU thayuM. lakhatAM lakhatAM temaNe joyuM ke, pahelA graMthanuM kada temaNe dhAreluM evI rIte vadhatuM jAya che. chatAM kAma cAlu rAkhyuM. teo kahe che ke temanI cAlu anya pharajomAMthI je samaya phAjala maLato te samayamAM teo lekhanapravRti karatA rahyA. Ama vIsa varSanI bhAre sAdhanA bAda temaNe be graMthonuM Ayojana karI tenuM lekhanakAma pUruM karI tenI prakAzana mATenI hastaprata taiyAra karI lIdhI. pahelo graMtha 1938 nA jAnyuArImAM prasiddha thayo. bIjA graMthanI hastaprata taiyAra hatI chatAM tenuM prakAzana lagabhaga vIsa varSe eTale ke 1957nA sapTembaramAM thaI zakyuM. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra03 0 45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pro.komisArita pote kabUle che ke temanA be graMthanI racanA samaya daramiyAna amadAvAda jevI eka che samayanI muslima zAsananI rAjadhAnImAM jayAM upayogitAvAdI hito je najare paDatAM hatAM, tyAM pote 'ekalo jAne re' jevI mUMjhavaNa potAnA kAma mATe anubhavatA rahyA. vadhumAM teo kahe che ke "mArA A svayaM-lAdelA kArya" bAbatamAM mArI paddhati ane prayAso aMge carcA karI zakuM athavA jemanI sAthe vicAravimarza karI zake evI mAtra thoDIka ja vyakitao hatI. je mahAnubhAvoe temane preraNA ane protsAhana ApyAM teo judA judA kSetranA ane vyavasAyI pravRttiovALA hatA. temAM eka hatA gujarAtamAM lagabhaga I.sa. 1889 thI khristI mizanarI pravRtti karanAra Do. jyorja pI. Telara. 'teo muslima sikkAonA abhyAsI ane niSNAta hatA ane nyumisameTika sosAyaTI opha inDiyA" nA pramukha hatA. temanuM avasAna 1921mAM thatAM pro.komisAriyete gujarAtanA itihAsanA UMDA abhyAsI ane vivecakanI madada ane mArgadarzana-salAha gumAvyo te badala aphasosa vyakta karyo hato. bIjI vyakti hatI itihAsapremI mitra pAlanapura rAjayanA navAba sara tole muhammadakhAna (I.sa. 1919-1948). temaNe pro.komisAriyetanA be graMthonI racanAmAM vizeSa rasa batAvyo hato. A uparAMta sara i.Denisana rIsa, jeo prathama graMthanA samayamAM laMDananI skUla oNpha orienTala sTaDIjhamAM niyAmaka tarIke hatA temanI sAthe pro.komisarite potAnA saMzodhana kAma mATe ghaNo patravyavahAra karyo hato. e noMdhavuM joIe ke A baMne vidvAno eka bIjAne rUbarUmAM kyAreya maLyA na hatA ! chatAM De. rose pahelA graMthanI prastAvanA laMDanathI lakhIne (14 sapTembara, 1938) mokalAvI hatI. temAM temaNe graMtha ane lekhakanA prayAsonI prazaMsA karI protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. atre e paNa noMdhavuM yogya gaNAze ke DaoN.rose kalakattA masAnA graMthAlayamAMthI hajI-ala-dabIra likhita 'jhaphara-ala-valIha bI mujhaphaphara va alIha' (bhAratanA itihAsane lagatI) nAmanI arabI bhASAmAM lakhAyelI kiMmatI hastaprata zodhI kADhI hatI ane tene "ena arebika hisTarI oNpha gujarAta' nAma saMpAdita karI traNa graMthomAM prasiddha (1910, 1921 ane 1929) karI hatI. pro.komisArita. A kRtino upayoga gujarAtanA arabonA itihAsa saMbaMdhI lekho lakhavAmAM karyo hato. A uparAMta temaNe muslima, mughala ane marAThAkAlIna gujarAtanA lekhana mATe je je AdhAra-sAmagrIno upayoga karyo che teno pahelA ane bIjA graMthamAM ApelI graMthasUci parathI joI zakAya che. e jotAM lAge che ke lekhake vipula sAmagrI AdhAra laI ciMtana karIne bhAre mahenata laI traNa graMtho taiyAra karyA hatA. pro. komisAriyetane gujarAta kolejamAM temanA ja sAthI prAdhyApaka vidyAvyAsaMgI paMDita kezava harSada dhruva pAsethI gujarAtI graMthonI mAhitI prApta thaI hatI. potAnA saMzodhana mATe temaNe saMkhyAbaMdha porTugIjha, Daca ane aMgrejI AdhArasAmagrInI mAhitI meLavI ane teno sAvacetIpUrvaka upayoga karyo. porTugIjha sAdhanasAmagrIno gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe upayoga karanAra teo prathama hatA. vigato ane tenAM sAcAM pramANonI cIvaTAIpUrvaka cakAsaNI karavA mULa saMdarbhagraMthonuM kALajIpUrvaka vAcana, adhyayana ane pachIthI tAravaNI kADhatA. mAhitI mATe AdhArabhUta pramANo jovA maLe to teno ullekha namratApUrvaka karavA jeTalI nikhAlasatA teoe darzAvI che. ema chatAM mAhitIno hakIkata tarIke svIkAra na thaI zake evuM spaSTa kahevAnI paNa nIDaratA batAvI hatI. mAhitI meLavavA teo gUjarAta vidyApIThanA purAtattva khAtAnI vAraMvAra mulAkAta letA. munI jivijayajI ane mAnanIya vidvAna prophe. rasikalAla parIkha sAthe teo vicAravimarza karatA. teo saMzodhana mATe vAraMvAra jaina sAdhuo pAse jatA ane porTugIjha pAdarIone paNa maLatA. urdU, phArasI ane arabI graMthono niSThApUrvaka abhyAsa karavA amadAvAdamAM pIramazA rojAmAM jatA. - amadAvAdanI mAunTa kAramela zALAnA speniza pAdarIo sAthe saMparka dharAvatA ane speniza bhASAmAM lakhAyelA graMtho samajavAnI koziza karatA. pro komisAriyete zAMtidAsa jhaverInA vArasadArone rUbarUmAM maLI mughala pathikanaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 0 46 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAdazAhooe bahAra pADelAM pharamAno meLavyAM hatAM, "silekazansa phoma dha pezavA daphatara" nA saMbaMdhita daphatarono, muMbaI gaeNjheTiyarsano, muMbaInI daphatara bhaMDAra sAmagrIno tathA briTiza IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInI phekaTarIo (koThIo)nA dastAvejo, patravyavahAro vagerenA AdhArono temaNe upayoga karyo hato. Ama pro.komisAriyetane temanA itihAsa saMzodhanamAM preraNA ane protsAhana ApanAra vividha kSetranA vidvAno ane sahAyako hatA. temanI itihAsa saMzodhana paddhati Adhunika itihAsakAranAM badhAM lakSaNo dharAvatI pAradarzaka paddhati hatI ema cokaksapaNe dekhAI Ave che. lekhananuM svarUpa : pro.komisAriyatanI potAnA saMzodhana ane lekhana mATe zakya hoya tyAM sudhI mULabhUta sAmagrIno ja upayoga karavAnI paddhati hatI. temaNe upalabdha hoya tevI tamAma prakAranI vividha aitihAsika sAmagrI ekaThI pharI hatI te temanA graMthomAM ApelI sUci ane pAdanoMdho parathI joI zakAya che. lekhaka lAMbA samaya sudhI amadAvAdamAM rahyA te daramiyAna temaNe tyAMnA vepArIo, zAhukAro ane mughala samrATo vacce saMbaMdho-vyavahAra darzAvatA pharamAno joyAM hatAM ane teno upayoga muMbai yunivarsiTImAM Thakkara vasanajI vyAkhyAnamALA heThaLa ApelAM cha vyAkhyAnomAM karyo hato. teo pAtAnA saMzodhana mATe vAraMvAra jaina sAdhuo pAse jatA ane porTugIjha pAdarIone paNa maLatA. pro.komisAriyete temanA gujarAtanA itihAsamAM pahelA graMthamAM rAjakIya ghaTanAo, prasaMgo ane parivartananuM je Alekhana karyuM che. tenI sarakhAmaNImAM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, Arthika ane dhArmika sthitinuM Alekhana ghaNuM ochuM karyuM che. teo temanI AvI UNapa pratye sabhAna hatA ema temaNe pote kahyuM che. spaSTatA karatAM kahe che ke rAjakIya bAbato sAthe sAthe gujarAtanI prajAne amadAvAda ane tenI AsapAsanAM nagaromAM AvelAM viziSTa noMdhapAtra purAtattvIya imArato-avazeSonI jANakArI paNa maLavI joIe. gujarAta prAMtanI AvI imArato sAthe phargyusana, je.barjesa, eca.kajhinsa jevA nAmAMkita zilpa ane sthApatyanA niSNAtonAM nAma gADhapaNe sanmAnapUrvaka joDAyelAM che tethI AvI imAratono abhyAsa karAvavA namUnArUpa phoTogrAphsa paNa ApavA joIe. lekhake bIjA graMthanuM Alekhana karavA agAu mughala samayanA gujarAta sUbA(prAMta)nuM je citra ApyuM che, te noMdhapAtra che. teoe jaNAvyuM che ke gujarAta prAMtamAM rAjakIya dRSTie joIe to ekaMdare zAMti ane vyavasthA jaLavAyAM hatAM; vepAra-udyogono vikAsa thayo hato; sutarAu kApaDa ane gaLInI nikAsathI gujarAtanuM nAma mazahUra banyuM hatuM ane AMtararASTrIya bajAromAM tenAM mukhya nagaro prakhyAta banyAM hatAM. mughala zAsakoe zahera, nagara ke grAma jIvanamAM koI avarodha karyo hoya ke nirdayI kRtyo karyAM hoya tevuM jaNAtuM na hatuM. loko zAMtithI potAno vyavasAya karI zakatA. temanA A niSkarSane iTAlIthI AvelA pravAsI pieTrA DellA vela, je mughala samrATa jahAMgIranA samayamAM I.sa.1923mAM gujarAtamAM Avyo hato, teNe lakhelA pravAsa ahevAlathI samarthana maLe che. alabatta, auraMgajheba jevAnA samayamAM dhArmika asahiSNutA aMge pharamAno bahAra paDAyAM hatAM te apavAdarUpa gaNI zakAya. bina-muslimo pAsethI jajhiyA vero levAnA kArya sivAya, prastuta pharamAnono amala karAtA haze ke kema te vicAravA jevo muddo che. surata khAtenI aMgrejonI koThInA vahIvaTakartAonA iMglenDamAM potAnA mAliko sAthe thayelA patravyavahAramAM ane anya daphataromAM-noMdhomAM, gujarAtamAM samraga 17mI sadI daramiyAna paristhiti zAMta rahI hatI ane vepAra-vANijyano vikAsa thayo hato tevI chApa spaSTa rIte joI zakAya che. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pro.komisArite potAnA badhA graMthomAM rAjakIya itihAsa upara vadhu jhoka Apyo che evA temanA valaNathI teo sabhAna che evuM spaSTa thAya che. temaNe pote ja svIkAreluM che. koIpaNa itihAsano abhyAsa je te samayamAM sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika vikAsa ane siddhionA sarvekSaNa vagara saMpUrNa banato nathI. paraMtu teo eka spaSTatA kadAca temanA saMbhavita TIkAkAro mATe evI kare che ke bhArata jevA dezamAM jayAM sAdhanasAmagrIno abhAva hoya ane abhyAsamAM avarodho ane maryAdAo ladAI hoya tevA saMjogomAM sAruM itihAsalekhana kevuM thaI zake ? ane kevI rIte thaI zake ? alabatta, lekhake gujarAtanA saMbaMdhakartA samayanI purAvazeSIya sAmagrI mahattvanI gaNIne teno pUrato samAveza temanA lekhanamAM karyo che e noMdhavuM joIe. pro.komisArita eka jagyAe tulanAtmaka dRSTibiMdu rajU kare che. I.sa.nI 13mI sadInA aMte dilhI saltanate gujarAtanA rajapUta rAjayane jItI laI tenuM saltanata sAthe joDANa karyuM ane akabare I.sa. 1572-73mAM be caDhAI karyA bAda gujarAta jItI laI mughala sAmrAjyamAM gujarAtanuM joDANa karyuM. tenI sarakhAmaNI marAThAoe gujarAtamAM potAnI sattA phelAvI ane je kAMI gujarAtamAM prApta karyuM tenuM svarUpa juduM hatuM. lagabhaga cAlIsa varSa - 1719 thI 1758) marAThAonI uttarotara caDiyAtA svarUpanI vadhatI gayelI ghasaNakhorI, jemAM temaNe loko para lAdelA khaMDaNI hakko ane temanI pAsethI cotha tathA saradezamukhI mATe dhAkadhamakIthI nANAM kaDhAvavA (Blackmail) apanAvelI prakiyA chevaTe temanI rAjakIya sarvoparitA sthApavAmAM pariNamI. A muddo khUba mahattvano che. auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI gujarAtamAM mughala sattAno asta thayo tenI vistRta mAhitI athavA noMdha aprApya hovAthI, te mATeno mukhya phArasI AdhAra strota 'mirAte ahamadI' che. temAM lagabhaga aDadhA bhAgamAM cAlIseka varSano itihAsa Ave che. tenA lekhaka alI mohammadakhAna athavA tenA pitA A samayanA banAvonA samakAlIna hovAthI badhA banAvonI vigatavAra mAhitI noMdhI zakyA athavA to temaNe bIjAo ke jemaNe banAvo ke prasaMgomAM bhAga lIdho hato ke hAjara hatA temanI pAsethI te sAMbhaLI hatI ! alI mohammadekhAna pote gujarAtanA zAhI darabAramAM dIvAnapade hato (1746 thI 1758). tethI tene mATe prAMtanA sarakArI daphataro meLavavAnuM, te jovAnuM ane teno upayoga lekhanamAM karavAnuM saraLa hatuM, ema pro. komisArita mAne che. Ama temaNe temanA bIjA graMthanA lekhanakAmamAM AvAM dRSTibiMduo dhyAnamAM rAkhyAM hatAM. lekhakano trIjo graMtha jene marAThAkAla (I.sa.1758 thI 1818) kahyo che te aMge temanI potAnI lakhelI prastAvanA na hovAthI temanI kArya-paddhati ane AdhAra sAmagrI mATe TIkATippaNa karavAnuM adhUruM che. paNa graMthamAM nirUpAyelA viSayo parathI tAravaNI kADhI zakAya tema che. pro.komisAriyete A graMthamAM paNa "mirAte ahamadI' mAMthI surata je mughala samayamAM sAmrAjayanuM dariyAI vepArI mathaka banyuM hatuM ane makkA janArA mATe prasthAna-kendra ke baMdara banyuM hatuM ke 'baMdara-i-mubAraka' ane bAba-ala-haja' jevAM sammAnanIya birudo maLyAM hatAM, tene mATe AdhAra lIdho che. 'mirAte ahamadI'mAM suratano 17mI sadIno Akho ane 18 mI sadInA pUrvArdhano rAjakIya banAvono itihAsa AvarI levAyo hovAthI lekhake tenAM anya pAsAMono pUro samAveza A graMthamAM karyo che. A sivAya je pAsAMo AvarI levAyAM che teno khyAla agAu apAI gayo che tethI punarukita karavAnI jarUra nathI. marAThAonA samayamAM gujarAtamAM zaherIkaraNa ane tenI UlaTI kriyA tathA samagra prakriyAnI samasyAno saMzodhanAtmaka abhyAsa ApaNA samayamAM thaI rahyo che. tenA abhyAsIo ane saMzodhako mATe A trIjo graMtha pratyA nahi paNa parokSa rIte upayogI ane mArgadarzaka nIvaDI zake tema che. sAmAnya vAcakane mATe to gujarAtamAM rAjakIya parivartana ane caDatI-paDatInuM suMdara citra Ape che. pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 203 * 48 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vivecana : ApaNe sahu jANIe chIe ke itihAsanA abhyAsano Adhunika saMdarbha ane abhigama have badalAyo che ane temAM sAmAjika ane Arthika vyavasthA ke saMsthAono abhyAsa ane mAnavajAtinA vikAsamAM teoe bhajavelA bhAga para vizeSa bhAra ApavAmAM Ave che. jo ke traNa graMthamAM pahelAmAM rAjakIya banAvo ane saMgharSo ane sthApatyakIya imArato para bhAra apAyo che. bIjA graMthamAM rAjakIya ghaTanAonI sAthe sAthe dhArmika, Arthika ane videzI pravAsIonA ahevAlomAM pratibiMbita thatAM 17mI sadInAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika pAsAMo jovA maLe che. paNa lekhake graMthamAM AvarI lIdhelA baso varSanA gALAnuM sarvagrAhI citra ApyuM nathI. alabatta, keTalAMka prakaraNonA aMte apAyelAM pariziSTamAM bina-rAjakIya svarUpanI thoDI mAhitI anya pAsAMo mATe jovA maLe che te AzvAsanarUpa gaNavI joIe. pro.komisAricetanA traNe graMthomAM, trIjo. keTalIka UNapovALo che te paNa noMdhavuM joIe. sAmAnya vAcaka, abhyAsI ke saMzodhakane e jovA maLaze ke A graMthamAM je nava bhAgo che te saLaMga ane ekadhAryuM vAMcana pUruM pADatA nathI. viSayanI rajUAta tUTaka tUTaka abhigamavALI che. A graMthamAM nirdiSTa thayelA bhAgo sivAya taLa gujarAtanA, saurASTra ane kacchanA pradeza vistAro jyAM ghaNAM rAjarajavADAMo hatAM te bAkAta rahelAM che. teoe A saMbaMdhamAM agAu spaSTatA karI che. e badhAno samAveza karavAthI graMthano vyAsa ane kada ghaNAM vadhI jAya tema hatAM. saltanata samayamAM junAgaDha ane 15mI sadInA samaya pachI amadAvAda ja mughala-marAThAonI sattAnuM vaDuM mathaka ane rAjadhAnI tarIke rahyuM hatuM. tethI amadAvAdane ja kendramAM rAkhI temaNe Alekhana karyuM che. AthI graMthamAM AvarI levAyelA samaya daramiyAnanI e rAjayanI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika sthiti kevI hatI te darzAvatA khAlI rahelA gALA (Gan) tarapha dhyAna dorAyA vagara rahetuM nathI. madhya gujarAtamAM ane temAM paNa gAyakavADonI, tathA dakSiNa gujarAtamAM surata tathA muMbaImAM aMgrajonI pravRttio para vizeSa bhAra apAyo che te paNa spaSTa rIte dekhAI Ave che. kadAca ema hoI zake ke lekhakane e khAlI rahelA gALA mATe AdhAra sAmagrI prApta thaI zakI nahi hoya. vaLI temanI vRddhAvasthAnA kAraNe ane zArIrika maryAdAonA kAraNe kSetrIya saMzodhana na thaI zakyuM hoya ane tethI AvI UNapo rahI javA pAmI hoya to te kSamya gaNI teno svIkAra karavo ghaTe che ! trIjo graMtha lekhakanA avasAna pachI prakAzita thayo hovAthI ane temAM potAnI lakhelI prastAvanA na hovAthI je gALo khAlI rahyA che ke graMthamAM je truTio rahI javA pAmI che te mATe spaSTatA karavAnuM muzkela che. A graMthamAM paNa agAunA graMtho jaima marAThAo ke aMgrejonI vikasatI jatI rAjakIya sattA, yuddho ane sthApelA prabhutva aMge lAMbAM varNano ApavAmAM AvyAM che. graMthanA navamA bhAgamAM tatkAlIna samAja ane arthataMtra vize thoDI mAhitI maLe che. pahelA be graMthomAM pariziSTo tathA sthApatyakIya imAratonA phoTogrAphsa ApIne lekhaka pote je kaMI lakhe che tene samarthana ApatA hoya ema lAge che. trIjA graMthamAM pariziSTo, sthApatyakIya imAratonA phoTogrAphsa tathA AdhAra sAmagrI ApavAmAM AvyAM nathI. mUlyAMkana : pro. komisAriyete potAnI 31 varSanI adhyApananI sakriya kArakirdI daramiyAna ane nivRtti pachInAM 37varSa sudhI athAga parizrama veThI temanI vidvattA, UMDI sUjha, khaMta, civaTAI, upalabdha evI sAdhana sAmagrIno cokkasAIpUrvaka upayoga karyo che. saMzodhaka tarIkenI kSamatA, cakora dRSTi ane vilakSaNatA noMdhapAtra che. temaNe pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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avirata parizrama veThI gujarAtanI prajAne je mahAmUluM pradAna karyuM che tenI mulavaNI ApaNe temanA jIvana-vArasA tarIke karIe to te ghaNuM ja ucita lekhAze! gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna samayamAM rAjapUta samaya pachInA itihAsalekhanamAM temanI agresaratAno ApaNe svIkAra karavo paDaze. gujarAtanI A viziSTa vyaktie sAdhaka banI akhaMDa sAdhanA karI pote icchelA dhyeyane paripUrNa karavA potAnuM jIvana sarvasva arpaNa karyuM. temanuM vinamra ane nirAbhimAnI vyaktitva, prasiddhino moha na rAkhavAmAM kadAca temanI zaramALavRtti ane jIvanasaMdhyA paNa temaNe Asakta bhAve itihAsanI sevA karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya karyuM te cirasmaraNIya banI raheze. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa vartamAna samayanA itihAsa saMzodhako, itihAsavido, itihAsalekhako ane abhyAsIo mATe mArgadarzaka banI raheze ! pro.komisAriyetanI hayAtI daramiyAna gujarAtanA itihAsanA trIjA graMthane bAda karatAM, temanI badhI ja kRtio pragaTa thatI rahI hatI. temanuM nAma paNa jANItuM thatuM gayuM. trIjA graMthanI hastaprata taiyAra hatI. prakAzana thavAnuM bAkI hatuM. tevAmAM ja daivayoge prakAzana mATeno yoga Avyo. temaNe amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAne aparigrahI banIne koI paNa royalTI mAgyA vagara, A trIjAnuM prakAzana karavA anumati ApI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa traNe bhAganA tamAma hakko ane anuvAdanA hakko ApI dIdhA ! pro. komisAriyetanuM avasAna 1972mAM thatAM sudhInA samayamAM gujarAtanI vighAkIya saMsthAo, vidyApremIo, itihAsa saMzodhako ane adhyApako vageree temanA jIvanakAryane oLakhI laI temanI kadara na karI ane temanuM bahumAna na karyuM. temanI ghora upekSA karI bhAre anyAya karyo che ! aMtamAM, eTaluM ja kahevAnI jarUriyAta lAge che ke pro.komisAriyetanI badhI kRtio aMgrejImAM lakhAyelI che. te tamAmano athavA chevaTe traNa mUlyavAna graMthono gujarAtI bhASAmAM anuvAda karAvavA gujarAta vidyAsabhA tajavIja kare athavA to te yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDane A kAma sope ane e pragaTa thAya to gujarAtanI navI peDhI temanA kAryathI paricita banaze ane A rIte lAbha paNa maLaze. A rIte A itihAsavidane sAcI aMjali arpI kahevAze ! - pAdaTIpa 1. kAmadAra, kezavalAla hiM, "sadagata pro. komizeriyaTa' : zraddhAMjali 2. komisArita, ema.esa., 'hisTarI opha gujarAta', volyuma 1, prastAvanA, pR.4 3. ejana, pR.-6 4. boIDa, Ara.eca.esa., "e carca hisTarI opha gujarAta' (dhI krizciyana liTarecara sosAyaTI, madrAsa, prathama AvRti, 1981), pR.pa6 5. komisAriyeTa,ema.esa., 'hisTarI opha gujarAta', vaoN.1, prastAvanA, pR.9 6. nAyaka, cinubhAI ja, itihAsa lekhaka pro. mANekazA sorAbajI komiseriyeTa' : zraddhAMjali 7. kAmadAra, ke.hiM, "sata pro. komizeriyaTa' : zraddhAMjali 8. komisAriyeta, ema.esa., 'hisTarI opha gujarAta', volyuma 1, prastAvanA, pR.4 9. ejana, volyuma 2, prakaraNa 19, pR.32pa-341 10. ejana, volyuma 2, prastAvanA, pR.4, 5 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 50 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vizvavizruta bahumukhI pratibhAvaMta sthApatyavida prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI jitendra bI. zAha* pAMce'ka varSa pUrve prA. madhusUdana DhAMkIne dilhInI bI.ela. insTiTayUTa oNpha inDolojI nAmanI saMsthA dvArA kAlikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya sanmAnathI sanmAnita karavAmAM AvyA tyAre samArohanA adhyakSa, jANItA purAtattvavida muniSa joSI (pUrva mahAnidezaka, ArkiolAjikala sarve oNpha inDiyA, dillI)e temanA vaktavyamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "chellI cAreka sadIomAM Avo vidvAna thayAnuM jANyuM nathI ane AvanArI cArapAMca sadIomAM Avo vidvAna thaze ke kema e zaMkAspada che." eka vidvAna dvArA temanA vyaktitvane vidvattAne prakAzita karanArAM A vacano ghaNuM ghaNuM kahI jAya che. ensAiklopIDiyA opha inDiyana Tempala ArkiTekcara graMtha zreNInA pradhAna saMpAdaka, nirpranthanA saMpAdaka, bhAratIya devAlayo ane pAzcAtya khista devaLonA sthApatyavida, uttara bhArata ane dakSiNa bhAratanI vAstu-paraMparAnA marmajJa, saMgItajJa, prAcyavidyAvida, itihAsavettA, prAcIna bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA abhyAsI, jaina AgamAdi sAhityanA abhyAsI, ughAnakalAvida, ratnavidyAvettA, evuM bahumukhI vyaktitva dharAvatA prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI aneka vidyAonuM talasparzI jJAna dharAve che. prA. madhusUdana DhAMkI temano janma san 1927mAM julAInI 31mI tArIkhe gujarAtamAM, saurASTranA kinAre porabaMdara zaheramAM, thayo. bAMdho ekaviDayo paNa smRti atyaMta sateja, dhAraNAzakti atyaMta prabaLa, jANavAnI ane zIkhavAnI tIvra, janmajAta utkaMThA. vividha viSayo paranAM saghana lekhano vAMcavAno gajabano zokha. kalA paratve abhiruci ane uttamatA tema ja abhijAtyanA Agraha jevA guNa temane gaLathUthImAM maLelA. sAdagI ane udAratA jevAM lakSaNo emane svabhAvagata hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. AvA guNothI temanuM ghaDatara thayeluM che. temaNe mAdhyamika sudhInuM zikSaNa porabaMdaramAM meLavyuM. vadhu zikSaNa meLavavA punAnI phargyusana kaoNlejamAM joDAyA. tyAM temaNe jIyolAjI bhUstarazAstramAM DigrI meLavI. teo mULe gujarAtI mAdhyamamAM bhaNelA tethI aMgrejI bhASA jANavA chatAMye temAM lakhavA jeTaluM prabhutva nahIM; eTale punAmAM abhyAsa karatA tyAre, satata ane sapta mahenata karI, e bhASA AtmasAt karI. tyArabAda ema.esa. ane pIeca.DI. karavA amerikA javAnI bhAvanA hatI paraMtu skAlarazipanI vyavasthA na thaI eTale pAchA porabaMdara AvyA. tyAM pUnAnA emanA zikSaka prA. keLakara sAthe porabaMdaranA bhUstara upara kAma karavAnuM ane tenA AdhAre ema.esa.sI. ane pIeca.DI. karavAnuM vicAryuM. paraMtu porabaMdara rAjya to saurASTra rAjyanA ekamamAM vilIna banatAM A yojanA kAmayAba na banI zakI. amuka samaya to kAma vagara ghare besI rahevAnuM thayuM. e be varSanA gALA daramiyAna pitAjInA sarakArI phArma para bAgAyatanuM kAma zIkhyA. A samayagALA daramiyAna bAgAyatane lagatAM aMgrejI tema ja gujarAtI pustako vAMcI temAM prAvINya meLavyuM. paNa arthopArjana vagara jIvana kema cAle ? eTale na chUTake senTrala beMka oNpha inDiyAmAM nokarI svIkArI. paNa e vyavasAyamAM emane jarAya rasa na hato : tethI porabaMdaranA jAhera pustakAlayamAMthI DA. sAMkaLiyAnuM gujarAtanA *DAyarekTara, ela. DI. insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI, ela.DI.enjiniyariMga kaoNleja sAme, navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda 9 pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattvane carcatuM pustaka tema ja barjesa ane kajhinsanA saurASTra-gujarAtane lagatA jUnA riporTo ane sAthe ja vizvasthApatya ane saMskRtinA graMthonuM adhyayana karatA. parsI brAunanuM inDiyana ArkiTekcara paranuM pustaka kharIdIne teno paNa abhyAsa karyo. A badhAne kAraNe sthApatyanA saMzodhananA pAyA naMkhAyA. ne hAIskUla kALanA guru maNibhAI vorA ane anya jijJAsu mitro sAthe temaNe Arkiyolojikala sosAyaTI oNpha porabaMdara nAmanA maMDaLanI sthApanA karI. ravivAranI chUTI sAthe zanivAre beMkamAM aDadhA divasanI rajA hoya eTale badhA sAthe porabaMdaranI AsapAsanA gopa, dhUmalI, miyANI, kiMdarakheDA, naMdezvara, zrInagara, khImezvara ityAdi sthaLo tarapha nIkaLI paDatA ane te sthAnonAM prAcIna devamaMdironuM sarvekSaNa karatA ne tasavIro levaDAvatA. Ama karatAM trIseka jeTalAM solaMkI kALa pUrvenAM maMdironuM sarvekSaNa karyA pachI tenA sthApatyanA mUlagata kramika vikAsa saMbaMdhamAM khoja zarU karI. A daramiyAna temane vaDodarAnA DA. heramanna goeTsane maLavAnuM thayuM. teo emanA kAmathI prabhAvita thayA ane kAma AgaLa cAlu rAkhavA jaNAvyuM. AthI temano utsAha vadhato gayo. teo svayaM jaNAve che ke navuM navuM maLatuM rahetuM eTale bahu rAjI thatA. e maMdironAM varNanonI paribhASA paNa pachI zodhatA. "e mAro mugdhatA ane jijJAsAno yuga hato. maMdiro pratye tyAre tIvratama lAgaNIo hatI. sapanAmAM paNa e ja badhuM dekhAtuM hatuM. ene lIdhe zokhanI ane sAthe ja pazyattA-prAptinI buniyAda nakhAI, jethI AgaLa upara kAma thaI zakyuM.'' Ama temaNe sthApatya kSetre kuzaLatA prApta karavAnI zarUAta karI dIdhI hatI. A daramiyAna tabiyata bagaDatAM beMkanI nokarI choDI pitAjI pAse jUnAgaDha rahevA cAlyA gayA ane tyAM bAgAyatanuM kAma zarU karyuM. te kALa daramiyAna sarakAranA kRSizodha vibhAgamAM joDAI temaNe ghauM kRSi saMzodhana khAtAmAM joDAI ane kapAsa para zodha karI hatI. temanI zodhonI e kSetramAM prazaMsA thayelI. ane temaNe cUMTIne vAvela jAtone pUnA tathA dillInA pusA insTiTyUTa AdinA niyAmaka Adi vidvAnoe vakhANI hatI. 1954mAM jAmanagaramAM moTA pradarzananuM Ayojana thayuM. temAM ArkiyolojIno maMDapa jotAM jotAM teone jAmanagara myujhiyamanA kyureTara puruSottama paMDyA sAthe saMparka thayelo. temanI sUcanAthI jUnAgaDha myujhiyamanI kyureTaranI posTa upara arajI karI tyAM temanI nimaNUka thaI. tyArabAda jAmanagara myujhiyama, rAjakoTa voTsana myujhiyamamAM paNa kAma karyuM. e varSomAM temaNe prabhAsa, lAkhAbAvaLa, AmarA, ane pachIthI rojhaDI Adi sthaLonA utkhanananAM kAryomAM paNa bhAga lIdhelo. A samaya daramiyAna temaNe yendra nANAvaTI sAthe 'sIliMgjha oNpha dha Tempalsa oNpha gujarAta' nAmano graMtha taiyAra karyo. je baroDA myujhiyamanA buleTinanA khAsa aMka tarIke prasiddha thayo che. temaNe maitraka ane saidhavakALanAM maMdiro upara paNa adhyayana karI graMtha taiyAra karyo hato ke kAma DA. kramizane gamI gayeluM, je pachIthI emaNe amerikAmAM chapAveluM. A daramiyAna temano "solaMkIkAlIna maMdirano kALakrama'' nAmaka nibaMdha kRSNadeve bhopALathI prakAzita karAvelo jeNe temane bhAratanA aitihAsika purAtattvakSetre nAmanA apAvelI. te pachI rAjasthAnamAM rANakapura, varakANA, Adi aneka maMdiro upara lekho lakhelA ane te ghaNA vidvAnonA jovAmAM AvelA. A samayamAM ja banArasamAM amerikana ekeDemI oNpha banArasanI sthApanA thayelI tenA prathama DirekTara DA. pramodacaMdranA anurodhathI sarakAra taraphathI DepyuTezana upara banArasa gayA. tyAM 1967mAM devAlaya sthApatya AMtararASTrIya parisaMvAdamAM "marugurjara sthApatya zailInAM mULa ane vikAsakrama'' para vAMcelo zodhanibaMdha khUba ja vakhaNAyelo. tyAM sADA cha varSa sudhI kAma karyA bAda sarakAra taraphathI vadhAre mudata mATe maMjUrI na maLatAM punaH gujarAta pAchA AvavuM paDeluM tyAre purAtattva khAtAmAM potAne nIcI pAyarIe mUkavAnI vetaraNa ane potAnAthI kaniSTha aphasaronI nIce mUkavAno AyAsa thaI rahelo joI svamAna khAtara rAjInAmuM ApI dIdhuM. zeTha kastUrabhAI lAlabhAIne A vAtanI jANa thatAM temaNe lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI insTiTayUTamAM joDAvA ophara karI. kalA ane sthApatyanuM kAma karavAnI bhAvanA hatI ane A kSetra sAnukULa jaNAtAM ela.DI.inDolojImAM joDAyA. cha'eka mAsamAM amerikana insTiTayUTa pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * para * For Private and Personal Use Only

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opha inDiyana sTaDIjhamAMthI AmaMtraNa AvatAM pharIne banArasa gayA. e saMsthAomAM kula maLI teo 37 varSathI kAryarata che. A dIrgha samaya daramiyAna temaNe dezabharanAM maMdironA taLa AdinA nakazAo taiyAra karAvyA. A badhI sAmagrInA AdhAre, temaNe anya zodhakonA sahakArathI, ensAiklopIDiyA opha inDiyana Tempala ArkiTekcaranA ATha bhAga taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karyA che. je bhAratIya maMdiranA sthApatyanA kSetre benamUna che. A kAryane vizvabharamAM khyAti prApta thaI che. saMdarbhagraMtha tarIke teno Aje khUbakhUba upayoga thAya che. e graMthomAM temanI UMDI sUjha, sUkSma adhyayana, tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa, kaLAnI parakha jevA aneka guNo sahaja ja pragaTa thAya che. te zreNImAM emaNe lakhelo karNATaka ane telaMgaNanAM maMdiro vizeno daLadAra sacitra graMtha emanuM mahAna ane ciraMjIva pradAna che. san 1977mAM zrIlaMkA ane sane 1983mAM inDoneziyA-jAvA ane bAlidvIpano-pravAsa kheDelo. tyAMnAM maMdirono abhyAsa karyo hato. A uparAMta amerikAmAM san 1981mAM philADelphiyAmAM ziva uparanA simpojhiyama, e ja sAlamAM minimepolisamAM ACCSA nA seminAramAM, ne iMglenDamAM eksapharDamAM ozamoliyana myujhiyamamAM vyAkhyAna, tema ja amerikAmAM hArvarDa yunivarsiTImAM vyAkhyAna, san 198pamAM jarmanImAM hAIDalabarga yunivarsiTImAM Ayojita seminAramAM upasthita rahI jinapratimA ane Agamika tema ja stotrika vibhAvanA upara UMDANa bharyo zodhapatra rajU karelo jenI vidvAnoe ghaNI prazaMsA karI che. san 1981 tathA 1983mAM yuropano pravAsa karI tyAM rAmeneska ane gothika sthApatyano abhyAsa karelo je bhAratIya purAtattvavettA mATe eka virala vAta gaNAya. AgaLa joIe to DaoN. mUrtinA sahalekhana sAtheno emano kuMbhAriyAjInAM jinamaMdiro upara eka suMdara sacitralekha tAjetaramAM prakAzita thayo che jemAM tenAM itihAsa, zilpa, sthApatya, pratimAlekho Adi para adhyayana rajU karyuM che. ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhI ane kRtanidhi TrasTa dvArA tAraMgA, kuMbhAriyA, giranAra, jesalamera, mirapura, delavADA Adi keTalAye jaina tIrtho upara paricaya pustikAo taiyAra karI che je sau sAthe e sthaLonAM maMdironAM itihAsa ane kalA tema ja sthApatya vivecatI anupama pustikAo che. temaNe devAlayonI suzobhanakaLA para paNa zodhalekho lakhyA che. temanA cola pratimAkalA, amathono vibhAva ane pratimAo Adi viSayo paranA lekho dezavidezanI vibhinna zodha-patrikAmAM pragaTa thayela che. emanA gujarAtImAM prakAzita jaina zodha viSayaka lekhono saMgraha nirgastha aitihAsika lekha samuccaya bhAga 1-2 zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejayukezana risarca insTiTayUTa dvArA prakAzita thayela che. temanA evA ja be aMgrejI lekhonA saMgraha paNa TUMka samayamAM ja pragaTa thanAra che. temanA gadyalekhanamAM saraLatA ane sahajatA hovA uparAMta saMbaMdhakartA viSayanI zabdAvalI paribhASA paNa dhyAna kheMce tevI che. temaNe hamaNAM ja "tAmrazAsana" nAmanI eka purAtattva AdhArita saMdara phenTesI varganI TUMkI vArtA paNa lakhI che. A uparAMta temane pazu, pakSI ane matsyo sAthenA dostI-saMbaMdhanA anubhava varNavatA lekho paraba ane zabdasRSTimAM prakAzita thayA che. saMgItazAstranuM temanuM jJAna adbhuta che. gujarAtano eka mAtra zAstrIya saMgItanI samAlocanAtmaka lekhono saMgraha saptaka paNa temaNe Apyo che jenI saMgItajJo dvArA khUba prazaMsA thayelI che. ratnazAstranA paNa teo sArA jANakAra che. temaNe ratno upara paNa lekho lakhyA che, je have pragaTa thaze. Ama, viziSTa pratibhA dharAvatA prA. madhusUdana DhAMkIno vidyAkIya paricaya to Apyo, paraMtu teo umadA guNo dharAvatA, ucca koTinA sajjana paNa che. vidvattAno jarAya bhAra nahIM, uMmarano ahaMkAra nahIM : pada ane pratiSThAnuM gumAna nahIM, koInuM duHkha kyAreya joI na zake, koI duHkhIne kyAreya paNa yatkiMcita duHkha dUra karavAnI paropakArI vRtti, paragaju, namra, hasamukhA, vinodI ane bALasahaja vRtti dharAvatA pro. madhusUdana DhAMkI eka mahAmAnava che. jo ke gujarAtamAM temanI kadara nathI thaI paNa gujarAtI tarIke ApaNe gaurava anubhavI zakIe tevI vyakti hovAnuM gujarAtanA sAhitya ane sAMskRtika kSetranA vidvAno alabatta supere jANe che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsakAra durgAzaMkara zAstrI ane amRta vasaMta paMDyA zrImatI IlAbena dave* durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrIno janma jAnyuArI, 188ramAM jAmanagara khAte praznorA nAgara-brAhmaNa jJAtinA kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. emanA pitA kevaLarAma zAstrI goMDalanA saMskRta pAThazALAmAM zikSaka hatA. durgAzaMkare hAlanA dhoraNa 10 sudhInuM zikSaNa goMDalamAM lIdhuM hatuM. tyArabAda emaNe potAnA zikSaka hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjAriyAnI salAha mujaba saMskRtano abhyAsa cAlu rAkhyo. durgAzaMkare potAnA pitAnA mArgadarzana heThaLa saMskRta sAhityanA uccakakSAnA graMthono UMDo abhyAsa karyo. sAthe gujarAtI ane aMgrejI bhASAnA graMthonuM paNa adhyayana karyuM. durgAzaMkaranA khAsa rasanA viSaya itihAsa ane tabIbIzAstra hatA. durgAzaMkaranA pitA 1900mAM nokarImAMthI nivRtta thatAM AjIvikAnA sAdhana mATe durgAzaMkare rAjakoTamAMnI lakSaNa merAma rAsAyaNika prayogazALAnA mAsika rUA. 10nI ziSyavRtti para thoDo samaya calAvavuM paDyuM. te pachI thoDo vakhata jAmanagara rahyA. tyAMthI teo AjIvikAnuM sAdhana meLavavA bhAvanagara potAnA mAmAnI sAthe rahevA gayA, bhAvanagaramAM 'kAnta' nAme vikhyAta thayelA kavi maNizaMkara 2, bhaTTanA saMparkamAM AvyA. kAnta tamane RgvadanuM gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara karavAnI preraNA ApI. A ja arasAmAM tenA sagA jugatarAme muMbaImAM kaMDu phArmasInI sthApanA karI. durgAzaMkare jhaMDu phArmasImAM nokarI svIkArI je teNe jIvanabhara cAlu rAkhI. | durgAzaMkara zAstrI Arthika muzkelIomAMthI mukta thatA emanI abhyAsazIlatA ane lekhanavRtti jhaDapI banI. AmAM jugatarAma, mohanalAla ane bhagavAnalAla bhaTTa jevA sAthIdAronA protsAhanathI Ayurveda ane vaidakazAstranA potAnA UMDA abhyAsanA paripAkarUpe bALakono vaidya' (1917), 'mAdhava nidAna" (1918) ane 'jhaMDu bhaTTanuM jIvanacaritra' (1919) nAme vaidakazAstrane lagatAM traNa pustako pragaTa karyA. | durgAzaMkare muMbaImAM sthira thayA te samaye muMbaImAM 'phArbasa sabhA' sAhityika pravRttio karatI hatI. phArbasa sabhAe 1913thI "gujarAtanA judA judA dharmo ane gujarAta para tenI asaro' e viSaya para nibaMdha spardhA zarU karI hatI. durgAzaMkara zAstrIne vaiSNavadharmane sAro abhyAsa tathA anubhava hatA. temanA pUrvajoe paNa A dharmamAM sAruM evuM kheDANa karyuM hatuM. Ama, vaiSNava dharmanuM adhyayana ane vArasAmAM maLyuM hatuM. pariNAme tanasukha manasukharAma tripAThInI preraNAthI uparokta nibaMdha spardhAmAM "vaiSNava dharma ane gujarAta para tenI asara"e viSaya durgAzaMkarane maLyo. Ane lagatA vividha sAdhano, dastAvejo tathA graMthone AdhAre temaNe mahAnibaMdha lakhyo (1916), je spardhAmAM prathama AvatA phArbasa sabhAnA sAmayikamAM chapAyo. pachIthI 1918mAM pustakarUpe prasiddha thayo. A pustakanA prakAzanathI durgAzaMkaranI abhyAsI tathA itihAsakAra tarIkenI gaNanA thaI. | durgAzaMkara zAstrIe vaiSNava dharmanA itihAsanI paripATI para 1925mAM "zaivadharmano itihAsa' lakhyo. vaiSNavadharmanA itihAsanI mAphaka A pustakamAM paNa gujarAtamAM zaivadharmanA udaya ane prasaraNa temaja tenI asaronuM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. A daramiyAna gujarAtamAM itihAsakAra tarIke durgAzaMkara zAstrInI nAmanA phelAI hatI. saMskRtanA UMDA adhyayanane kAraNe purANomAM rahela itihAsanuM vivecana karavAnA AzayathI 1931mAM amadAvAda sthita gujarAta vidyAsabhA mAraphata purANavivecana' nAme pustaka prasiddha karavAmAM AvyuM. gujarAtI sAhitya tathA itihAsamAM A prakAranuM adhyayana-saMzodhana sarvaprathama thayuM hovAthI tenuM aitihAsika mUlya mahattvanuM gaNAya. purAtattva khAtuM, jillA paMcAyata bhavana, lAla daravAjA, amadAvAda-1 pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 * 54 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1928mAM pragaTa thayeluM emanuM gujarAtanA dhArmika sthaLone lagatuM pustaka mukhya yAtrAdhAmonA uddabhava, vikAsa, temanuM dhArmika temaja aitihAsika mahattva samajavA mATe ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDe tema che. gujarAtanA dhArmika itihAsanI sAthe durgAzaMkara zAstrInuM sAmAjika itihAsamAM paNa pradAna che. temaNe 'praznorA jJAtinuM digdarzana' nAme pustaka 1922mAM lakhyuM ane 1937mAM emAM sudhArA-vadhArA sAthe pharI pragaTa karyuM. gujarAtano sAmAjika itihAsa AlekhatuM A prakAranuM A prathama pustaka hatuM. tenI paripATI para pachIthI gujarAtanI anya jJAtione lagatA sAmAjika itihAsa AlekhatA graMtho pragaTa thayA. durgAzaMkara zAstrIe dhArmika tathA sAmAjika itihAsane lagatA graMtho uparAMta rAjakIya itihAsane lagatA graMthonuM saMpAdana ane svataMtra graMtha paNa lakhyA che. 1934mAM durgAzaMkara zAstrIe merutuMgAcArya kRta 'prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi'nuM saMpAdana karyuM. jemAM mukhyatve gujarAtanA solaMkI-vAdhelA zAsakono rAjakIya itihAsa Apelo che. durgAzaMkara zAstrInuM sauthI jANItuM, abhyAsapUrNa ane saMzodhanAtmaka pustaka 'gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa' che. je be bhAgamAM lakhAyelo che. bhAga 1 1937mAM ane bhAga 2 1939mAM pragaTa thayA. jemAM solaMkI-vAghelA samaya pahelAnA gujarAtanA rAjavaMzo ane temanA samayanI TUMkI paNa abhyAsapUrNa rUparekhA uparAMta solaMkI-vAghelA samayanA mukhyatve vistRta rAjakIya itihAsanI sAthe sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika tathA sAMskRtika pragatinI saMkSipta vigato ApelI che. je A kALa vize vizeSa abhyAsa tathA saMzodhana karavA icchatA vidvAno, adhyetAo ane saMzodhakone puSkaLa sAmagrI ane te mATenuM dizAsUcana maLI rahe tema che. 1945mAM zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrIe gujarAtanA tathA bhAratanA nAmAMkita purAtattvavida zrI bhagavAnalAla indrajInA lakhelA jIvanacaritramAM emanuM saMzodhanAtmaka mAnasa saMpUrNapaNe vyakta thayeluM che. durgAzaMkara zAstrInuM aMtima pustaka "aitihAsika saMzodhana'' 1948mAM pragaTa thayeluM. jemAM itihAsano khyAla, hetu, saMzodhana, gujarAtanA itihAsanA keTalAka kUTaprazno uparAMta mAhitIprada lekhono saMgraha karavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthamAM prabaMdha sAhityanI mULabhUta hakIkatonuM talasparzI parIkSaNa uparAMta temAM vizeSa saMzodhana karavA saMzodhakone udbodhana kareluM che. te sAthe madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA vividha pravAhonuM vivecana ane temane lagatI samasyAo darzAvI che. Ama A kRtimAM gujarAtanA itihAsamAM vizeSa saMzodhana mATenI yogya bhUmikA tathA mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. durgAzaMkara zAstrInA keTalAka lekho tathA nibaMdhone emanA avasAna (1952) bAda bIje varSe prasiddha thayela- 'ApaNI saMskRtinAM keTalAMka vaheNo'mAM samAvI levAmAM AvyA. emAMnA be nibaMdho- (1) aitihAsika dRSTi, (2) gujarAtI aitihAsika sAhityamAM itihAsanA abhyAsa vizeno potAno dRSTikoNa tathA te mATenI paddhatino khyAla Apelo che. uparAMta muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM Apela vyAkhyAno "bhAratIya saMskAro ane temanuM gujarAtamAM avataraNa"no uparokta kRtimAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. Ama durgAzaMkara zAstrI gujarAtanA prathama paMktinA itihAsakAramAM sthAna pAmyA che. emaNe madhyakAlIna gujarAtane lagatA vizALa prabaMdha sAhityanuM sau prathamavAra itihAsakAra ane saMzodhanakAranI dRSTie adhyayana karyu. emaNe aitihAsika hakIkatone bina-aitihAsika hakIkatothI alaga tAravI teno potAnA lekhanakAryamAM sAvacetIpUrvaka upayoga karyo. emaNe sahu prathama prAdezika itihAsanA yogya prakAranA adhyayana ane saMzodhana aMgenuM dizAsUcana karyuM. durgAzaMkara zAsrI praNAlikAgata itihAsalekhanane badale purAvAnA AdhAre gaMbhIra prakAranA itihAsalekhananA AgrahI hatA. purAvA vagaranA itihAsalekhanane teo vyartha gaNatA. bhAratIya saMskRti tathA bhAratIya itihAsanA saMdarbhamAM ja gujarAtanI saMskRti ane itihAsanuM adhyayana karavAno emano ddaDha khyAla hato. gaMbhIra ane vAstavika itihAsalekhana rASTra tathA prajA mATe khUba ja phAyadAkAraka hovAnuM teo mAnatA. prAcIna purAvA temaja dastAvejo vagara itihAsanuM sarjana zakya nathI. AvA purAvA ke dastAvejonAM pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 55 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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ekatrIkaraNa, pRthakkaraNa tathA tenI sAcavaNI-jALavaNI mATe teo Agraha rAkhatA. teo sthaLa paranAM avazeSo, zilpa, abhilekho, sikkAo vagerenI jAtatapAsa para khAsa bhAra mUke che. durgAzaMkara zAstrImAM itihAsakAra tarIke 19mI-20mI sadInI itihAsalekhana paddhatinI sUjha tathA samaja hatI. temaNe moTe bhAge saMskRta, gujarAtI tathA aMgrejImAMnA sAhityika dastAvejo uparAMta purAvazeSIya, Abhilekhika temaja sikkAzAstrane lagatA sAdhanonuM parIkSaNa kareluM. teo mAnatA ke dezanA dareka pradeza ke prAMtanI je viziSTatAo hoya tenuM yathArtha citraNa itihAsalekhanamAM jarUra AvavuM joIe. jemAM dezanI viziSTatAono saMdarbha jaLavAvo joie. A arthamAM itihAsane teo manuSyanI vividha prakAranI nirNAyaka tathA samIkSAtmaka zakti vikasAvavAnuM sAdhana mAnatA. Ama emaNe vaijJAnika paddhatithI prAdezika itihAsalekhana tathA bhASAnA vikAsamAM noMdhapAtra pradAna karyuM hatuM. itihAsakAra tarIke durgAzaMkara zAstrI vize eTaluM jarUra kahI zakAya ke, gujarAtano gaMbhIra tathA saMzodhanAtmaka prakArano sahu prathama itihAsa lakhavAnuM zreya emane phALe jAya che. emanA itihAsalekhane sAmAnya itihAsalekhana temaja prAdezika itihAsalekhananA svarUpanI mULa bhUmikA bAMdhI hatI. pachIthI enI paripATI para gujarAtamAM itihAsanuM kheDANa ane saMzodhanakArya AraMbhAyuM. sva. amRta vasaMta paMDyA emano janma 22 sapTembara, 1917nA roja jAmanagaramAM audicya brAhmaNa kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. bacapaNathI ja emane purANI hakIkato ane prAcIna vastuo aMge UMDo rasa hato. teo kailejamAM hatA e arasAmAM ja takSazilAnuM ukhanana thavA mAMDeluM ane emane jemAM rasa hato evo prAcIna avazeSo maLavA lAgelA. enA AkarSaNe emane eTaluM gheluM lagADyuM ke kaeNleja choDI teo tyAM doDI gayA ane e utpanana kAryamAM joDAI gayA. te sAthe teo purAtattva para hiMdI bhASAmAM chUTaka lekho paNa lakhatA. pachIthI gujarAtI sAmayika 'kumAra'mAM purAtattva vizenuM lekhana kArya zarU karyuM. A daramyAna ane kalAkAro sAthe maitrI thatAM citrakalA pratye paNa sAro prema keLavAyo. AlekhananI AvaData sAthe potAnA lekhone sacitra banAvatA amRta vasaMta paMDyA nakazA ane AkRtio doravAnI emane sArI phAvaTa hatI. emanI zaktio oLakhIne emane gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnA maMtrI banAvyA. jyAMthI emaNe 'bhAratanI prAcIna nagarI' zIrSaka heThaLa taiyAra karela lekho 'janmabhUmi-pravAsI' sAptAhikamAM muMbaImAM lekhamALArUpe chapAyelA. Aja prakAre 'kumAra'mAM 'bhUtakALanI zodhamAM' emanI evI eka lekhamALA pragaTa thayelI. emanA lakhANamAM saMzodhita vigatonI sAthosAtha janasAmAnyane paNa ruci prere evAM saraLa varNanonI eka lAkSaNikatA hatI e ja rIte jalapralaya pahelAnuM gujarAta nAmaka eka rasabhara lekhamALA navacetana'mAM AvelI. vaDodarA rAjyanA purAtattvakhAtAnA vaDA DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrIe emanI zaktio joI pATaNanA sahastraliMga taLAvanA utpananakAryamAM emane joDelAM. teo grejayueTa na hovAne kAraNe zaikSaNika saMsthAmAM kAyamI nokarI meLavavI muzkela hatI. evAmAM somanAtha jIrNoddhAra nimitte jUnAgaDhamAM purAtattva khAtuM UbhuM thatAM tyAM DAyarekTara oNva ArkiyolojI tarIke teo nImAyA. te pachI bhAIlAlabhAI paTela-vallabhavidyAnagara-ne purAtattvano zokha. emaNe amRtalAlane rAjapIpaLA rAjayamAM purAtattva saMzodhana adhikArI tarIke nimaNUka apAvI. kendrIya purAtattvakhAtAnA prathama DAyarekTara janarala ke. ena. dIkSite amRtalAlanI kAmagIrIthI prasanna thai emane narmadA khINanA purAtAttvika saMzodhananI kAmagIrI soMpI dIkSitanA anugAmI sara marTimara hIlara emanI sAthe e pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * pada For Private and Personal Use Only

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pradezamAM ghUmelA. e arasAmAM vallabhavidyAnagara AkAra laI rahyuM hatuM. zrI paMDyA tyAM insTiTayUTa ova ArkiyolojInA DirekTara tarIke nimAyA. je vidyAnagaramAM kalA-purAtatattvanuM saMgraha sthAna UbhuM karyuM. 1960mAM A saMgrahasthAna ane purAtatva vibhAga saradAra paTela yunivarsiTIno eka vibhAga banatAM teo tenA vaDA banyA. 1969mAM nivRtta thayA pachI emaNe vidyAnagaramAM ja nivAsa rAkhelo. tyAM rahIne emaNe kheDA jillo ane AsapAsanA pradezomAMthI madhya gujarAtanA itihAsanI ghaNI upayogI mAhitI ekaThI karI hatI. khaMbhAta najIka nagarA gAmethI emaNe zodhela pUrA kadanI brahmAnI Arasa-pratimA cArutara vidyAmaMDaLanuM pratIka banI gai. "bhUtakALanI zodhamAM', "gujarAtanI prAcIna nagarIo" tathA "jaLa pralaya pUrvenuM gujarAta' e emanI lekhamALAo sArI lokapriya banI hatI. A uparAMta pATaNanA sahastraliMga taLAva, narmadA khINamAM pASANayuganA AdimAnavanA vasavATa, mAhiSmatI(mahezvara)mAM siMdhu saMskRtinI samakAlIna evI tAmrayugIna nagara saMskRtinA avazeSonI zodha tathA tenA anusaMdhAne namAvara, nAgadA ane prakAzAnI AryasaMskRtinI prAcIna nagarIonI dikalya tAmrapASANa saMskRtinI zodha e emanAM noMdhanIya saMzodhano hatAM. lATa pradezanA madhyakAlIna keTalAka rAjayavaMzonA zilAlekho, sAtapuDA parvatamAMnI DumakhaLa nagarInA avazeSo, kaDiyADuMgaranI guphAo, jayasiMha siddharAjanA sikkAo, paMjAbamAM hastinApuranA avazeSo, ayodhyAnA prAcIna TIMbAo, vaidika sarasvatInA pravAha mArganI zodha tathA e vistAranI saMskRti aMge saMzodhana, prAcIna kAyAvarohaNa aMgenA emanA saMzodhano noMdhapAtra che. bhAratabharanI purAtattva pariSado, itihAsa pariSado, zibiro vageremAM teo bhAga letA. bhAratIya itihAsa-saMzodhanamAM emaNe vividha jJAna-zAkhAono samanvaya sAdhelo. emaNe Arthika ane sAmAjika ItihAsa paNa sAMkaLI batAvyo. saMta prANanAtha, jata jasavaMta jevA madhyakAlIna kavione teo prakAzamAM lAvelA. gujarAtanAM itihAsa, saMskRti, bhUstara, bhUgoLa, khanijo , udyogo vagere para asaMkhya lekho lakhIne emaNe gujarAtanI asmitAno paricaya karAvelo. 1951thI muMbaI rAjayanA, ne gujarAta rAjaya racAtAM enA purAtattva salAhakAra borDanA teo cheka sudhI sabhya rahyA hatA. Ama purAtattva ane itihAsa tathA ene saMlagna viSayo mATe emaNe kaeNlejanI koI DigrI nahotI meLavI, chatAM prabaLa puruSArtha kheDIne je AgavuM ne vistRta kArya karI batAvyuM hatuM enuM mahattva DaoN. sAMkaLiyAthI mAMDI zrI zaMbhuprasAda desAI sudhInA e kSetranA aneka nAmI vidvAnoe ApelI aMjalio parathI samajI zakAya che. potAnI rIte ja jIvana jIvavAmAM ane samajavAmAM teo mAnatA. jIvananA aneka kaDavA mIThA anubhavo ane ItihAsanA abhyAsamAMthI emaNe "itihAsanuM tattvajJAna" vikasAveluM. potAnA rasanA viSayamAM ApabaLe UMDA UtarI, AgavAM saMzodhano karI emaNe gujarAtI, hindI ane aMgrejImAM aneka pustako ane saMkhyAbaMdha lekho dvArA purAtattvanA kSetre vyApaka kAmagIrI batAvavAnuM eka preraka dRSTAMta pUruM pADyuM che. prabaLa jijJAsAvRttithI prerAyelI emanI nirIkSA ane parIkSAthI cakAsAyeluM bahuvidha jJAna purAtattva, bhUstara, itihAsa, bhUgoLa, purAlipizAstra, mAnavavaMzazAstra, lokajIvananI khAsiyato ane lAkSaNikatAo vagere aneka dizAmAM vyApta hatuM. je kaI emaNe joyuM jANyuM e badhuM emaNe lekhana dvArA rajU karyuM. ekale paMDe emaNe gujarAtane lagato je mAhitIbaMDAra saMcita karelo evo bhAgye ja koIe karyo che. Apa karme vikaselI AvI bahumukhI ane preraka pratibhA gaNIgAMThI ja hoya che. zrI paMDyA eka evA pratibhAvaMta hatA. gujarAtanuM AgavuM vyaktitva nirdezIne muMbaI rAjayathI alaga tenuM svataMtra rAjaya banavAmAM emaNe je phALo Apyo che e to gujarAta kadI bhUlI na zake. 18 julAI, 1975nA roja zrI amRtavasaMta paMDyAnuM avasAna thavAthI gujarAta eka bahumukhI pratibhA gumAvI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 - 57 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sva. rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha* (ja. 20-8-1897; a. 1-11-1982) DaoN. thomasa paramAra* che gujarAtanA vidyAjagatamAM bahumukhI pratibhA dharAvanAra sva. rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkhanuM sthAna nATyalekhaka, vArtAkAra, vivecaka ane saMskRtajJanI sAthe itihAsavidda tarIkenuM paNa che. pUnAnI bhAMDArakara orienTala ricarsa insTiTyUTamAM prasiddha purAvida ane saMzodhaka munizrI jinavijayajInA paricayamAM AvavAthI zrI rasikabhAIne gujarAtanA itihAsanA saMzodhanamAM rasa paDyo hato. itihAsa saMzodhananA kSetre zrI rasikabhAInA pradAnane mUlavatI vakhate nIcenI pAMca bAbatone dRSTimAM rAkhavI paDe. (1) gujarAta vidyApIThamAM teozrInI kAmagIrI (2) "kAvyAnuzAsana'nA pravezakamAM rajU karelI prAcIna gujarAtanA rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha ItihAsanI rUparekhA (3) pIeca.DI.nI DigrI mATenA vidyArthIo pAse karAveluM saMzodhana kArya. (4) teozrIe ApelA ItihAsa viSayaka vyAkhyAno (5) bho.je. vidyAbhavananA adhyakSapada daramyAna prakAzita karAyelA saMzodhanAtmaka graMtho uparyukta pAMca bAbato vize vigate joIe. (1) asahakAranI laDatanA sahakAramAM anusnAtakano abhyAsa choDI pUnAthI teo AvIne gujarAta vidyApIThamAM 1919mAM joDAyA. munizrI jinavijayajI paNa vidyApIThamAM joDAyA hatA. vidyApIThamAM gujarAta purAtattva maMdiranI sthApanA thaI. tenA adhyakSapade jinavijayajI hatA. ahIM munijI sAthe zrI rasikabhAIne itihAsanI carcA thatI. gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsanAM sAdhano kyAM che ane gujarAtano itihAsa keTalo mahimAvALo che te zrI rasikabhAIe munijI pAsethI jANyuM. purAtattva maMdira taraphathI saMzodhanAtmaka (purAtattva tramAsika zarU thayuM hatuM. jenA saMpAdananI javAbadArI zrI rasikabhAIne zire AvI hatI. 'purAtattva' zabda purAvRttanA vizALa arthamAM prayojAyo hato. eno vyApa sthaLatapAsa, utpanana ane purAvazeSo pUrato sImita na hato. paraMtu emAM purAvRttanAM sAhityika, Abhilekhika ane purAvazepIya-e sarva sAdhanonA adhyayana ane saMzodhanano abhyAsa thato. "purAtattva'nA pustaka 1 thI 5(1922-27)nA aMkomAM judA judA vidvAnonA ane khuda zrI rasikabhAInA bhAratIya vidyA (Indology) vizenA lekho prasiddha karavAmAM AvyA. A daramyAna munizrIno purAtattva saMzodhanano pUrva-itihAsa' nAme vistRta rasaprada lekha tathA prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha' prakAzita thayA. zrI rasikabhAIe taiyAra karelI "vaidika pAThAvali' paNa pragaTa thaI. Ama vidyApIThamAM purAtattva * A lekha "buddhiprakAza' eprila-me : 1983, "sva. rasikalAla cho. parIkha smRti vizeSAMka ne AdhAre taiyAra karyo che. + adhyakSa, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, ha.kA.ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 58 For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMdiramAM jinavijyajI sAthenA pharI samAgamane lIdhe zrI rasikabhAIno itihAsa vizeno rasa vadhu vistaryo eTaluM ja nahi paNa itihAsanA saMzodhaka tarIke teozrI nIkharI AvyA. (2) 1938mAM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaye hemacaMdrAcArya kRta "kAvyAnuzAsana'nA saMpAdananuM kAma zrI rasikabhAIne soMpyuM hatuM. A graMthanA pu.ra mAM zrI rasikabhAIe aMgrejImAM lakhela pravezaka Introduction to the History of Gujarat as a Back-ground to the Life and Times of Hemachandra gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvatAM saune dAyakAo sudhI upayogI nIvaDyo hato. aDhIsothI paNa vadhu pAnAnA A pravezakamAM paurANika anuzrutine AdhAre Anarto ane yAdavono itihAsa saMkSepamAM rajU karyo che. te pachI mauryakAlathI solaMkIkAlamAM kumArapAla sudhIno gujarAtanuM rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa Alekhyo che. temAM bhinnamAla -zrImAlanI pAThazALAo tathA valabhInI paNa vAta karI che. A samagra itihAsanuM surekha saMkalana uttama rIte darzAvyuM che. itihAsanAM pramANo dvArA maLatI sAmagrInA saMzodhana ane saMkalana pAchaLa zrI rasikabhAInI athAka mahenata dekhAI Ave che. itihAsakAroe pramANone AdhAre arthaghaTananI tarkazuddhi keTalI cIvaTapUrvaka rAkhavI joIe tenuM mArgadarzana A pravezaka dvArA maLI rahe tema che. temanA A pravezakathI prabhAvita thaIne AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve 1939 mAM gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI(vartamAna gujarAta vidyAsabhA)nA sahAyaka maMtrI ane tenA ucca zikSaNa tathA saMzodhana vibhAga(vartamAna bho.je. vidyAbhavana)nA adhyakSa tarIke zrI rasikabhAInI varaNI karI. (3) zrI rasikabhAIe vidyAsabhAnA ucca zikSaNavibhAga ane bho.je. vidyAbhavananA adhyakSanI javAbadArI 1939 thI 1978 sudhI saMbhALI. A daramyAna temaNe judA judA vidyArthIo pAse pIeca.DI.nI DigrI mATe judA judA viSayomAM saMzodhana karAvyuM. itihAsanA saMzodhana kSetre temaNe je kaMI karavuM hatuM te vidyArthIone mArgadarzana ApIne karAvyuM. temanA hAtha nIce A rIte taiyAra thayelA vidvAnoe jate dahADe itihAsa ane saMskRtinA kSetre UMDAM saMzodhana karIne potAnuM ane potAnA guru zrI rasikabhAInuM nAma ujALyuM che. Do. hariprasAda zAstrInA abhinaMdana samAraMbhamAM DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, "zrI rasikabhAInuM moTuM pradAna emaNe aneka vidvAnone tAlIma ApI taiyAra karyA e che." e dRSTie zrI rasikabhAInA mArgadarzana nIce pIeca.DI. nI DigrI mATe je vidvAnoe mahAnibaMdha taiyAra karyA hatA e dvArA gujarAtanA itihAsanuM saMzodhana thayuM che. AvA vidvAnomAM De. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, Do. hariprasAda zAstrI, DaoN. eca. e. majamudAra, Do. priyabALA zAha, DaoN. cInubhAI nAyaka ullekhanIya che. zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA pAse 'mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhitya maMDaLa ane saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo e vize saMzodhana karAvyuM. zrI hariprasAda zAstrIne valabhI rAjayanA abhilekhomAMthI maLatI mAhitI vizenA mahAnibaMdhano viSaya zrI rasikabhAIe ja pasaMda karI Apyo hato. A mahAnibaMdhane kAraNe gujarAtanA maitrakakAlIna rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanI prathama vAra kaDIbaddha jANakArI prApta thaI. itihAsanA AlekhanamAM abhilekho keTalA badhA upayogI thaI paDe che te A mahAnibaMdhano abhyAsa karatAM jaNAI Ave che. zrI priyabALA zAha pAse 'viSNudharmottara purANa'mAM rahelI lalita kalAonI sAmagrI vize, zrI eca.e. majamudAra pAse pATaNa, moDherA, tAraMgA, kuMbhAriyA ane AbunAM zilpomAM rahelI sAMskRtika sAmagrI vize, zrI cInubhAI nAyaka pAse bharatamuninA nATyazAstramAM rahelI sAMskRtika sAmagrI vize saMzodhana karAvyuM. temanA vidyArthIoe karelAM A saMzodhano jotAM jaNAya che ke itihAsa saMzodhananA kSetre zrI rasikabhAIno jhoka sAMskRtika itihAsanA saMzodhana para vadhu hato. Adhunika kAlamAM badalAyelI itihAsanI vibhAvanA(concept) e AnuM kAraNa hoI zake. je te kAlanI prajAnI sAMskRtika cetanAno samAveza itihAsamAM thavo ghaTe e itihAsanI Adhunika vibhAvanA che. ane e vinA itihAsa adhuro che. itihAsanA marmajJa zrI pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 - 59 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rasikabhAIe A kAraNe ja A prakAranAM saMzodhana karAvyAM. A rIte zrI rasikabhAIe sAMskRtika itihAsanA saMzodhananI keDI gujarAtamAM kaMDArI ApI. (4) zrI rasikabhAInuM itihAsa vizenuM mahattvanuM pradAna vyAkhyAna svarUpe prApta thayuM che. muMbaI yunivarsiTI, gujarAta yunivarsiTI ane AkAzavANInA Azraye ApelAM vyAkhyAno ullekhanIya che. muMbaI yunivarsiTIe 1950-51nA varSanAM Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnamALA mATe ApelAM nimaMtraNa mATe zrI rasikabhAIe gujarAtanI muslima yuga pUrvenI rAjadhAnIo' e viSaya pasaMda karyo hato. phebruArI 1954mAM ApelAM A vyAkhyAno "gujarAtanI rAjadhAnIo (muslima yuga pUrvenI)' zIrSaka nIce 1958mAM prakAzita thayAM hatAM. prathama be vyAkhyAnomAM vasAhatono vikAsa ane prakAra, saMskRtino artha vagere vize vAta karI che. temAM Anartapura(vaDanagara) ane dvArakAnI paurANika nagaro tarIke mAhitI ApI che. trIjA vyAkhyAnamAM mauryakAlathI guptakAla sudhInI rAjadhAnI girinagaranI ane te pachI maitrakakAlIna gujarAtanI rAjadhAnI tarIke valabhInuM vistRta varNana ApyuM che. cothA vyAkhyAnamAM bhillamAla-zrImAlanuM varNana che. pAMcamA vyAkhyAnamAM solaMkI kAlanI rAjadhAnI tarIke aNahilapura(aNahilavADa paTaNa)nuM varNana rajU karyuM che. prAcIna gujarAtanI rAjadhAnIo vize zrI rasikabhAI pAsethI zraddheya ane pramANabaddha aitihAsika vigato prApta thaI. A vigato rajU karatAM pahelAM zrI rasikabhAIe mULa srotone pUrApUrA cakAsyA che. koI sthaLanA aitihAsika saMzodhana mATe A vyAkhyAno mArgadarzaka banI raheze. 1963mAM zrI rasikabhAIe gujarAta yunivarsiTInA Azraye govardhanarAma mAdhavarAma tripAThI vyAkhyAnamALAnI bIjI zreNImAM itihAsa : svarUpa ane paddhati' vize pAMca vyAkhyAno ApyAM hatAM. gujarAta yunivarsiTIe e ja zIrSaka nIce 1969mAM A vyAkhyAno graMtha svarUpe prakAzita karyA hatAM. prathama vyAkhyAnamAM bhAratIya paraMparA pramANe 'itihAsa' zabdanI vyutpattinI carcA karI enuM svarUpa samajAvyuM che. bIjA vyAkhyAnamAM bhAratIyonI itihAsa viSayaka buddhi vikasI hatI ke kema te praznanI chaNAvaTa karIne prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsanA graMtho kema maLatA nathI tenI spaSTatA karI che. trIjA vyAkhyAnamAM pAzcAtya paraMparAmAM hisTarI' zabdano artha samajAvIne heroDoTsathI mAMDIne romana, madhya ane arvAcIna kAlanA keTalAka itihAsakAronI itihAsa vizenI mImAMsA samajAvI che. cothA vyAkhyAnamAM jarmana itihAsakArothI mAMDIne ToyabI ane huijhingA sudhInA adyatana itihAsakAronAM dRSTibiMduo samajAvyAM che. pAMcamA vyAkhyAnamAM A badhI ja mImAMsAno gajarAtanA itihAsa mATe viniyoga karavAnI ane te mATenA prazno tathA ukelanI paddhati darzAvI che. DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI A graMthanI prazaMsA karatAM jaNAve che ke, 'itihAsanAM svarUpa ane paddhati vize bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya paraMparA ATalI vizada ane talasparzI rIte samajAvatuM AvuM abhyAsapUrNa vivecanAtmaka pustaka samasta bhAratIya sAhityamAM gauravabharyuM sthAna prApta kare te koTinuM che." AkAzabhASita' zrI rasikabhAIno lekhasaMgraha AkAzavANI parathI prasArita thayelAM bhASitono che. A graMtha 1974mAM prakAzita thayo. A bhASito hovA chatAM viSaya maryAdita svarUpanI hoya ke vistRta phalakano hoya paraMtu zrI rasikabhAIe tene aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM rajU karyA che. bhAratanuM nATyazAstra, bhAratanI kalAsaMsakRti, bhAratanuM mUrtividhAna, kAmandakIya nItisAra ane rAjakartAnuM zikSaNa, mAnavazAstra (anthropology) ane tenI zAkhAo, rAmAyaNa, zrImad rAjacaMdranuM Atmadarzana vagere ullekhanIya bhASito che. rAmAyaNane teozrI 'mahAna sAmAjika parivartananuM kAvya' gaNAve che. 1966mAM vallabha vidyAnagara mukAme yojAyelA gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA cothA adhivezanamAM temaNe pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 60 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ApelA pramukhIya vyAkhyAnamAM itihAsa mImAMsA rajU karI che. itihAsamAM kAryakAraNa bhAva darzAvI zakAya ke kema tenI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. zrI rasikabhAInA mate, "itihAsa paNa astitvano ja bhAga che. bhUta hovA chatAM vartamAnamAM e aMtargata che ane bhaviSyamAM e DokiyuM kare che. e eka avibhAjya srota che." ba.ka. ThAkora adhyayana graMthamAM chapAyelo teozrIno nibaMdha "ba.ka. ThAkoranI itihAsa bhAvanA' paNa noMdhapAtra che. (5) bho.je. vidyAbhavananA adhyakSa sthAnethI zrI rasikabhAIe itihAsa vizenA saMzodhanAtmaka graMtho vidvAno pAse taiyAra karAvyA te dvArA paNa temaNe itihAsanA kSetre amUlya pradAna ApyuM che. AvA graMthomAM 'mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa ane saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo', "purANomAM gujarAta', "jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta', 'haDappA ane moheMjo-daDo', "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta bhA.1-2', 'gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa : islAma yuga', 'saMskRta vayAzraya kAvyamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti', "gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa' (saMzodhita AvRtti), 'gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna vagere agragaNya che. "Archaeology and Ancient Indian History', 'Studies on Indian Art' zur ' che' ga purAtattva vizenA vyAkhyAna saMgraho paNa prakAzita karAvyA. gujarAta sarakAranI Arthika sahAyathI sAkAra thayelI 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' e graMthamALAmAM zrI rasikabhAInuM yogadAna itihAsa saMzodhana kSetre emanuM aMtima paNa zakavartI mahattvanuM pradAna che. A graMthamALAnA graMtha 1 thI 7 bhAganA mukhya saMpAdako tarIke zrI rasikabhAI parIkha ane DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI che. kula A nava graMthomAM prAgaitihAsika kAlathI mAMDIne 1960mAM gujarAta rAjyanI racanA thaI tyAM sudhIno gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa rajU karavAmAM Avyo che. gujarAtane prathama ja vAra teno kaDIbaddha, vigatapUrNa ane saMzodhita itihAsa A graMthamALA dvArA prApta thayo. itihAsanuM A bhagIratha kArya gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIo dvArA karavA jevuM hatuM. zrI rasikabhAIe DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrInA tathA aneka vidvAnonA sahakArathI A bhagIratha kArya pAra pADyuM. itihAsanA kSetre zrI rasikabhAInuM A aMtima paNa amUlya pradAna che. * * * pathika - vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 61 For Private and Personal Use Only

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akiMcana sArasvata ke.kA.zAstrI prA. subhASa brahmabhaTTa* A rIte ' E jaMgama vidyApITha samA vidyA vAcaspati dadhIcI sAkSara tarIke oLakhAtA, zatAyune Are UbhelA A yuvAnane ApaNe sahu mahAmahimopAdhyAya ke.kA.zAstrInA nAme oLakhIe chIe. TUMkI dhotI, kasabavALI baMDI, unnata kapALa, mAthe zobhatuM vaiSNavI tilaka, brAhmaNone zobhatI gAMTha mArelI zIkhA ane pataMgiyA. jevI praphullitatA sAthe hAthamAM yaSTikA laIne eka yuvAnane zaramAve evI adAthI vahelI savAre vaiSNava maMdira bhaNI haDiyuM kADhatA A ke.kA.zAstrI ekavIsamI sadIno eka jIvato jAgato camatkAra che. 1905mAM 28mI julAI (saM. 1961nA aSADha vadi 11, zukravAra)nA roja saurASTranA jUnAgaDha jillAnA mAMgaroLa-soraTha mukAme briAhmaNa jAtinI baraDAI jJAtimAM janmelA zrI kezavarAma kAzIrAma ke.kA.zAstrI zAstrI*ne Aje sau ke. kA. nA hulAmaNA nAme oLakhe che. mAtra gujarAtamAM ja nahIM paNa samagra bhAratanAM vidvAnomAM jANItA vidyA vAcaspati mu, ke. kA. zAstrI bahuvidha pratibhA dharAvatA uccakoTinA vidvAna che. brAhmamuhUrtamAM UThI saMskRta graMthono abhyAsa karI snAnAdithI paravArI vahelI savAre amadAvAdanA Azrama roDa para Avela vaiSNava maMdiramAM svarabaddha dhoLapada gAtA ane pakhavAja vagADatA ke.kA.zAstrIne jovA e eka anero lhAvo che. navvANuM varSanI A ummare vahelI savAre game te RtumAM paNa A karmaTha paMDita potAno nityakrama jALavavA AzramaroDa upara cAlatA jovA maLe. kyAreka raste koI oLakhItA maLI jAya tenI gADImAM besI javA jeTalI saraLatA paNa dAkhave. vidvattAno koI bhAra nahIM. aharniza vidyAvyAsaMgI ke.kA.zAstrIne jayAre juo tyAre bAbA AdamanA jamAnAnI khurazImAM beThA beThA UMdhu ghAlIne kaMIka vAMcatA-lakhatA ja hoya. tyAM vagara epoImenTa koI pahoMcI gayuM hoya to paNa e ja umaLako, e ja vahAla e ja occhava, badhuM kAma paDatuM mUkIne praphullita cahere gharamAMthI prasAdano lADu laI AvI svAgatanI vidhi acUka pUrI kare. ke.kA.zAstrIe itihAsa ane purAtattvathI laI saMskRta, prAkRta-apabhraMza ane gujarAtInA bhASA vijJAna ane vyAkaraNa paryata aneka kSetromAM eka saMzodhakanI cIvaTathI eka saMsthAna karI zake evaDuM moTuM kAma A muThThIbhara hADakAnAM mAnavIe ekale hAthe karI batAvyuM che. gujarAta ane gujarAtI bhASA para ajANatA ja A akiMcana sArasvate kyAreya na pheDI zakAya evuM moTuM RNa caDAvI dIdhuM che. 18 varSanI vaye jo DaNInA prazno vicAre "mUrdhanyatara DADha ane La viSayaka lekha lakhe ane baLavaMtarAya ThAkora pAsethI prazaMsA meLave e koI nAnI siddhi nathI. vyAkaraNa ane bhASAzAstra, madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kAvyonA saMpAdano itihAsa, purAtattva ane dharma * AcArya, zrI eca.ke.ArTsa koleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 * amadAvAdanA elisabrija vistAramAM "madhuvana" nAmanI maDhulImAM vasavATa kare che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 6ra For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRti viSayaka lakhANo, bRhaddakozanA sarjana pahelAM cAra kozonuM saMpAdana ane potAnI ummara karatAM paNa vadhu graMtho lakhanArA A vyaktie 1000 jeTalA saMzodhana lekho lakhyA che. aharniza vidyAvyAsaMgI ke.kA.zAstrIe vidattAno bhAra kyAreya veMDhAryo nathI. koI paNa ummarano vidyArthI - game te prazna laIne Ave che. kA.saMtoSaprada javAba acUka Ape che. vidyArthIone bhaNAvavAmAM ke zIkhavAmAM teo kyAreya thAka nathI anubhavatA. A dadhicIe 1937nI mAMDIne Aja sudhI gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM potAnI AkhI jiMdagI nicovI dIdhI. bho.je. vidyAbhavananA graMthAlayanA eka khUNe beThAbeThA hajAro graMtho ke.kA.zAstrIe uthAmyA che. hajAro pAnA pheMdyA ja kare. are, emanI najaramAMthI mahAbhArata paNa bacyuM nathI. 1 lAkha zloko dharAvatA mahAbhAratamAM aneka umeraNa thayA che. ke. kA. zAstrIe potAnI thIyarI dvArA mULa zlokonuM saMpAdana karI bhArata saMhitAnuM sAcuM svarUpa 24 hajAra zlokomAM pragaTa karI mAtra ATha hajAra-AThaso zloko tAravIne "jayasaMhitA' nAmanA graMthanI racanA karI. pitAjI pAse saMskRta vyAkaraNa, kAvya ane vedAntanuM UMDuM adhyayana ahIM kAme lAgyuM. eka vyutpanna paMDitanA sukSmadraSTi, samarmajJatA ane cayana zaktinAM sahune darzana thayA. eja rIte harivaMza purANano karelo saMkSepa paNa ke.kA.nI vidvattA ane rasikatAnuM suyogya daSTAMta che. zrImad bhAgavatanI dezabharamAMthI maMgAvelI hastapratonI vAcanAnuM temaNe kareluM kArya Adhunika saMzodhana paddhatinA prAvINyanuM uttama udAharaNa che. narasiMha mahetA, bhAlaNa-premAnaMda, dayArAma vagere madhyakAlIna kavionA samagradarzI adhyayano abhyAsIo mATe eka Adarza pUro pADe che. kavicaritanA A graMtho saMdarbhasAmagrI mATe anivAryatA siddha kare che. kavi umAzaMkara joSI, yazavaMta zukla, ane bhogIlAla sAMDesarA jevA prakhara adhyApako paNa ke.kA.zAstrInI anveSaka dRSTine khUba AdarabhAve ja.tA. ke.kA. mAtra meTrikyuleITa, paraMtu bhASA sAhityanA ItihAsanA UMDA abhyAsa thakI 1944mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTIe ema.e.nA adhyApaka tarIke ane gujarAta yunivarsiTIe pIeca.DI.nA mArgadarzaka tarIke ApelI mAnyatA sAyaMskRrta pratibhAnA gauravanI javalaMta ghaTanA che. ke.kA.zAstrInA mArgadarzanamAM 20 jeTalA vidvAnoe pIeca.DI.nI upAdhi meLavI cUkyA che. vyAkaraNa-bhASAzAstra ane saMzodhanotra ke konI sevAone anulakSIne gujarAta sAhitya sabhAe 1954mAM alabhya evA raNajItarAma suvarNacaMdraka enAyata karI ucita bahumAna karyuM. akhila bhAratIya saMskRta samelane saMskRta sAhityanI upAsanA joI tatkAlIna rASTrapati Do. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNananA varada haste 1966mAM 'vidyAvAcaspati'nI padavI arpaNa karI ke.kA.nI pratibhAnuM rASTrIya kakSAe gaurava karyuM. A uparAMta vyAkaraNa ane bhASAzAstranA kheDANanI siddhibadala 1976mAM tatkAlIna rASTrapati phakarudIna aliehamadanA haste "padmazrI'no evorDa enAyata thayo. 1977nA oNgasTamAM uttarabhAratamAM bhAratIya pariSada, prayAge "mahA mahimopAdhyAya'nI padavIthI navAjayA. saurASTra yunivarsiTIe A meTikyuleTa vidvAnane DI.liTanI padavIthI vibhUSita karI yogya sanmAna karyuM. A uparAMta bhArata-bhAratI ratna, brahmarSi ane tArjetaramAM ja gujarAta sarakAre sAhityanI sevA badala rUA. eka lAkhano narasiMha mahetA evorDa enAyata karI A sArasvatanuM sanmAna karyuM. dezabharanI aneka jANItI saMsthAoe zrI ke.kA.zAstrInuM sanmAna karI prazastipatro ane ilakAbothI emano vAcanakhaMDa bharI dIdho che. A badhAM mAnasanmAna vacce ke.kA.zAstrI sarvatra ekamavAdvitIyam rahyA che. uMmaranI jema ja emanA pradAna paratve paNa e aNanama ane ajoDa che. paMDita yugathI anuAdhunika yuga sudhI temanI akSarayAtrA ekAda kSaNa pUratIya thaMbhI nathI. ATalA muThThI hADakAnA tApasa khoLiyAmAM sAkSAtu sarasvatI vasatAM hoya to ja ke.kA. zAstrI jevo pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 63 For Private and Personal Use Only

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camatkAra sarjAya... AjIvana vidyApuruSa ke.kA.zAstrInI jIvana jharamaranuM pro. kRSNakAMta kaDakiyAe kyAMka vistArathI avalokana karyuM che tenA aMzo ahIM sAbhAra noMdha sAthe aMkita karyA che. abhyAsa (zALAkIya) : prAthamika : tAlukA skUla, mAMgaroLa, soraTha, mAdhyamika : koronezana hAIskUla, mAMgaroLa, soraTha. parIkSA maeNTrikyulezana, I.sa. 1922 (cha varSamAM mAdhyamika zALAmAM kahyuM-7muM eka varSamAM karI). sAMpradAyika : SoDaza graMtho, zuddhAdvaitamArtaDa, vedAMtaciMtAmaNi, zrIbhAgavata-dazamaskaMdha (pUrvArdha) ane aNubhASya adhyAya 1lo. zikSaNa ja evI rIte ApavAnI paddhati ke eTaluM bhaNavAthI saMskRta kAvyo, saMskRta nATako, saMskRta gadyakAvyo saraLatAthI samajhapUrvaka vAMcI zakAya. amadAvAdamAM AvyA pachI bengAla saMskRta esoziyezananI 1936 thI 1939nAM cAra varSomAM kAvyaprathama, dvitIyA purANa-prathama, dvitIyA, bauddhapAlI - prathama, dvitIyA uttIrNa karI. vyavasAya: 1922nA jUnamAM rAjakoTamAM ApelI maeNTrikyulezananI parIkSA pAsa karI bhaviSya ajamAvavA muMbaI gayA, tyAM hastalikhita graMtho uparathI mudraNa-kSama nakalo banAvavAnI ane khUpho vAMcavAnI tAlIma levAnI taka maLI, paNa 3jA mahinAnA trIjA saptAhamAM TADhiyo tAva (meleriyA) Avyo, ilAjothI kAbUmAM na AvatAM Asu mAsanI vijayAdazamIne divase nIkaLI vaLate divase mAMgaroLa vatanamAM AvyA. upacArothI tAva nAbUda thato nahoto tethI mAMgaroLanA, zAstrIjInA pitAjInA ziSya vaidyarAja manoharadAsajIe Ayurvedika auSadhopacArathI, phAgaNanA aMta sudhImAM tAva nAbUda karI nAkhyo. navarA besavAnI Teva nahi, eTale eka mitranA, vaidyarAjanA auSadhAlayanI pAchaLa AvelA, chApakhAnAmAM besavA jatA, tyAM kampojha ane TreDala mazInanI tAlIma kevaLa zokha khAtara lIdhI. tadana taMdurasta thaI jatAM abhyAsa adhUro hato e pUro karyo ane vAcana-lekhana zarU karyuM. zokha khAtara ja saMskRta chaMda zAstra ane amarakozanuM vAcana karyuM. daramyAna mAMgaroLathI uttare cAra mAIla para AvelA boDIvAvanA maThanA mahaMtazrI bALakadAsajIe potAnA ziSya rAdhevallabha ane najIkanA caMdavANA gAmanA bALakone zikSaNa maLe e uddezo zALA zarU karavAno nizcaya karyo, jemAM eka mAtra zikSaka tarIke zAstrIjInI 1923nA okTobarathI niyukti karI, jyAM pUruM eka varSa bALavarganI mAdhyamika kathA (AjanA 8mA) dhoraNa sudhI adhyApana karI nivRtti lIdhI ane mAMgaroLa parata AvI gayA tathA pitAjInI pAThazALAmAM rAtrinA pahelA be kalAka hAIskUlamAMthI AvatA saMskRtanA DaoN, bhAMDarakaranA mArgopadezikA ane maMdirota:pravezikA' zAstrIjI dvArA zIkhavA lAgyA. bhAgyodayanI cAvI parama kRpALu paramAtmAe ja kholI ApI. tA. 20-1-1925nA divase je hAIskUlamAM emaNe abhyAsa karyo hato tyAM mAsika rU. 22-nA vetanathI sahAyaka zikSaka tarIke niyukti thaI. niyama hAIskUlomAM evo ja hoya che ke snAtaka zikSako ja uparanA dhoraNomAM adhayayanakArya kare, paraMtu apavAdarUpa 1925nA jUnathI 4thA-pamAmAM saMskRta ane 6ThThI-7mAmAM gujarAtI adhyApanakArya soMpavAmAM AvyuM, je ra9mI Disembara, 1935 sudhI cAlyA ane eo amadAvAda nAnAbhAI nAgaradAsa sthira thayA hatA tyAM AvavAnuM bhAgya sAme AvyuM. eo 14-1-1936(uttarANa)nA divase amadAvAda pahoMcyA. jayAM mAMgaroLanA chApakhAnAno anubhava kAma lAgyo ane be mAsa eka chApakhAnAnA vyavasthApaka tarIkenI pharaja mAsika rUpiyA 50/-nA vetanathI zarU karI. mAMgaroLanI hAIskUlamAMthI emaNe hakkanI maLatI 7ra divasanI rajA lIdhI hatI. 1 mAsa bAkI rahetAM emaNe rAjInAmuM mokalI ApyuM. maMjUrI jarA goTe caDelInA samAcAra maLatAM teo pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 0 64 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAMgaroLa gayA ane rAjInAmuM maMjUra karAvyuM. tA. 12-3-1936 divase e mukta thayA ane zikSako tathA vidyArthIonI sabhAmAM vidAyamAna laI tA. 13-3-1936nA divase amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyA. AvatAM presa baMdha thayAnuM mAluma paDatAM eo "prajAbaMdhu'nA sahataMtrI zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhane maLyA. zrI kanaiyAlAla mA. munazIe narasiMha mahetAnA samayamAM khoTo pracAra karelo enI sAme muMbaInA "gujarAtI' sAptAhikamAM lekho lakhI nAmanA meLavelI eno zrI cunIlAlabhAIne khyAla hato. lAThImAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM 11muM adhivezana thayuM tyAM zAstrIjI potAno 'zAstroccAraparizuddha jo NI' nibaMdha vAMcavA gayelA, tyAM zrI cunIlAlabhAI paNa gayelA. baMne pratyakSa mitro jevA thaI gayA hatA. A lAgaNIne kAraNe tA. 11-4-1936 thI 'prajAbaMdhu sAptAhikanA taMtrI vibhAgamAM mAsika rU. 40/-nA vetanathI niyukta thayA. emanI nIce vartamAnapatromAM kevuM lakhavuM e zIkhavAnuM bhAgya maLyuM ane be pAkSikI lekhamALA lakhavAnI zarUAta thaI : "jagatanuM rAjakAraNa ane 'sodAgaranI kitAba', baMne emanA viSaya nahi. atyAra sudhImAM emanA nAnA-moTA aneka viSaye graMtho chapAI cUkyA hatA ane 200 thI ochA nahi eTalA lekho aneka sAmayikomAM chapAI gayA hatA, paraMtu vartamAnapatrakAra tarIke to ekaDe ekathI emanI zarUAta hatI. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA buddhiprakAza' mAsikamAM mAMgaroLathI lakhI mokalelA lekho chapAI cUkyA hatA ane emanA mahattvanA graMtho paNa chapAI cUkyA hatA tethI vidyAsabhAnA sahAyaka maMtrI zrI hIrAlAla pArekhe amadAvAda AvavA 1934mAM nimaMtraNa mokaleluM, paNa e AvyA nahotA. 1936mAM AvatAM tarata ja zAstrIjI emane maLyA hatA, paraMtu pramabhAI haoNla' baMdhAvo zarU thayelo ane e kAma eka varSe pUro thaze tethI koI rIte eka varSa kADhI nAkhavAnuM emaNe kaheluM. haoNla taiyAra thaI gayo ke tarata emane bolAvyA ane saMzodhaka tarIke pharaja bajAvavA vinaMtI karI eTale "prajAbaMdhu'mAM rAjInAmuM ApI 11-4-1937nA divasathI vidyAsabhAmAM emane hastalikhita graMthasaMgrahanI soMpaNI karI, jayAM emane hastapratonI saMkalita yAdI' bahAranA cha-sAta hastalikhita graMthonA saMgrahamAMnI pratonA nambaronI noMdha sAthenI taiyAra karavAnuM temaja "kavicarita' lakhavAnuM sUcavAmAM AvyuM che, taiyAra thaye chapAyAM, e pachI "ApaNA kavio ane AcArya hemacaMdranA "apabhraMza vyAkaraNa'no samajhUtIvALo anuvAda karavAnuM ane acAyata nAyakanI bahaMsAvalI' laukikakathAnuM saMpAdana karavAnuM soMpavAmAM AvyuM, je paNa prasiddha thayAM. zikSakanA vyavasAyathI eo mAMgaroLamAM kaMTALyA hatA ane gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM emane gamatuM saMzodhana kSetranuM kAma maLyuM tethI saMtuSTa hatA, paraMtu janmathI zikSaka tarIke pitAjIno vAraso maLyo hato e thoDo virAma lIdhA pachI hAjara thaI gayo. mAtra sthiti palaTAI. 1939nA jUnathI saMskRta-gujarAtI-bhAratIya saMskRti-phArasI A cAra viSayanA anusnAtaka varga calAvavAnI muMbaI yunivarsiTInI mAnyatA maLI. e samaye DaoN. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva vidyAsabhAnA pramukha hatA ane pro. rasikalAla parIkha sadgata hIrAlAla tri. pArekhanA khAlI paDelA sthAne sahAyaka maMtrI tarIke AvyA hatA. emanA nAnA bhAI pro. nAgaradAsabhAIne to yunivarsiTIe tarata ja mAnyatA saMskRta ane bhAratIya saMskRti mATe ApI, phArasImAM pro. abujhapharanadavI hatA. zrI umAzaMkara jozInI saMsthAmAM gujarAtInA viSaye niyukti thaI hatI, paNa anubhava nahoto eTale pro. madhusUdana cimanalAla modIne mAnArha adhyApaka tarIke khaMDasamayanA prophesara tarIke lIdhA, emane anubhava hoI gujarAtI viSayanI ciMtA dUra thaI. pUrA pAMcavarSono anubhava maLI jatAM brahmacArI vADInA paMDito sahita zrI umAzaMkara jozIne ane zAstrIjIne ema beune mAnyatA maLI. zAstrIjIne 1939 thI vadhArAnA kAma tarIke ema.e.mAM apabhraMza bhASA ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa tathA pAThyapustakono emane gamato viSaya maLyo. 1947mAM umAzaMkara jozI nivRtta thatAM emanuM sthAna ApoApa zAstrIjIne maLyuM. mAtra maeNTrikyuleTa hovA chatAM prophesara pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 65 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tarIke emane sthAna mAgyA vinA maLyuM. 1951mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTIno AraMbha thatAM 1955mAM gujarAtInA viSayamAM pIeca.DI.nA vidyArthIone mArgadarzana ApavAnI mAnyatA maLI, jene lIdhe atyAra sudhImAM gu. yunivarsiTInA 16 vidyArthI pIeca.DI. thayA, jeno yaza gujarAta vidyAsabhA saMcAlita bho.je saMzodhana vidyAbhavanane maLyo. muMbaI-khAranI gujarAta risarca sosAyaTInI gujarAta-zAkhA 1961thI amadAvAdamAM zarU thathAM AraMbhathI ja zAstrIjI mAnArha niyAmaka tarIke saMcAna kare che. A saMsthAne muMbaInI esa.ena.DI.TI. mahilA yunivarsiTIne mAnyatA maLatAM traNa bahenoe yuni.nI gujarAtI viSaye pIeca.DI.nI padavI maLI che. A traNe bahenone potAnA mahAnibaMdhonI guNavattAne kAraNe pAritoSika maLyAM che. bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAM guja, vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke sevA ApatA hatA enA 21mA varSe lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI saMzodhana vidyAbhavanano pAnakoranAke AraMbha thatAM zeThazrI karatUrabhAI lAlabhAInI vinaMtithI bho.je.vidyAbhavananA traNa adhyApakone tyAM mokalyA : DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI, DaoN. jitendra jeTalI ane adhyA. ke.kA.zAstrIne. tyAM e traNe vidvAnone jaina aMgo ane upAMgo'mAMthI "AgamamAM gujarAta' e zIrSakano viSaya soMpavAmAM Avyo hato. zAstrIjIne vadhArAnuM kAma hastalikhita graMthane vyavasthita karavAnuM soMpAyuM hatuM. traNa varSa pUrAM thaye DaoN. jeTalI ane zAstrIjIne chUTA karavAmAM AvyA. A traNa varSo daramyAna bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAM mAnArka sevA cAlu ja hatI. thoDA samaya pachI DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrIne paNa chUTA karyA, emane to bho.je.vidyAbhavanamAM pharI emanA sthAna upara levAmAM AvyA, paNa bAkInA baMnenI mAnAI sevA to cAlu rahI. DaoN. jeTalI upaleTA (saurASTra)nI kaoNlejamAM AcArya tarIke gayA ane zAstrIjI mAnAI vatanathI 'gujarAta risarca sosAyaTI amadAvAda zAkhAnA mAnArha niyAmaka banyA. Ama emanI mAnAI sevA bho.je. vidyAbhavana ane guri sosAyaTI, amadAvAdamAM cAlu rahI. bho.je. vidyAbhavananI nirvetana sevA 1958 thI zarU thaI e cAlu ja rahelI, jayAre guri.sosAyaTImAM mAnAI vetanathI cAlu thaI. zAstrIjI lA .saM. vidyAbhavanamAMthI chUTA thayA ke tarata ja amadAvAda - sAMkaDI zerIne nAke cAlatI "bAlAbhAI dA. mahilA kaoNlejamAMthI mAnapUrvaka nimaMtraNa AvyuM ke "saMlagna adhyApaka tarIke Avo, jyAM tamAre kolejamAM saMskRta ane gujarAtI vize saptAhamAM ATha vyAkhyAna ApavAnA raheze." savetana sevA hatI. lA.da.saM. vidyAbhavanamAM rU. 250/- maLatA hatA ane cha kalAka kAma karavAnuM hatuM, jyAre bA.dA. mahilA kolejamAM bAja. setrama jayAre bA.dA, mahilA kaoNlejamAM bIjA satramAM sevA ApavAnI hatI, e ja samaya haribhaktinI poLamAM gu.riso.nI zALAno hato. Ama lA.da, saMzodhana bhavanamAMthI cha kalAka mATe rU. pa50/- maLatA hatA, eTalI ja rakama bapora pachInA traNa kalAka mATe beu saMsthAnI maLatI rahI. bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAM avaitanika sevA hatI, e samaye mAna. vAsudeva ga. mAvaLaMkara gu. varnA sosAyaTInA pramukha hatA. emane thayuM ke "mAnArha adhyApakonI sevA avaitanika levAya che e barobara nathI, ochAmAM ochA rU. 250/- to ApavA ja joIe.' e rakama maLatAM gu.ri sosAyaTImAMthI mAnAIvetana rU. 250/- hatuM e zAstrIjIe levAnuM baMdha karyuM. 1961 thI 1970 sudhI bA.dA. mahilA kaoNlejamAMnI sevAmAMthI zAstrIjI ApameLe chUTA thayA. e gALAmAM bho.je.vidyAbhavanamAMthI rU. pa00- maLavA zarU thayA. have bho.je. vidyAbhavana ane guri.sosAyaTI e be saMsthAo sAthe ja saMbaMdha zarU thayo, je adyApi parvata cAlu che. emane vAstavamAM guvidyAsabhA (bho.je. vidyAbhavana sahita)mAM sevA ApavAnuM sana 2003 e 67muM varSa cAle che. sana 1848nA DisembaramAM sthapAyelI saMsthA "gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI" (pachIthI nAma badalAtA gujarAta vidyAsabhA)mAM koI paNa karmacArIe 67 varSonI sevA ApI jANavAmAM AvI nathI. sana 1951mAM guja. yuni. sthapAyA pachI saMskRta-gujarAtI-phArasInA ema.e.nA varga yuni.nA bhASAbhavanamAM zarU thatAM bho.je. vidyAbhavananA kAyamI adhyApako tyAM sevA ApatA thayA, paraMtu bhAratIya pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 66 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRti'nA ema.e. tathA pIeca.DI.nA vidyArthIone apAtuM mArgadarzana cAlu rahyuM, jyAre saMskRta-gujarAtIphArasInA pIeca.DI.nA vidyArthIonuM mArgadarzana rahyuM, ema.e.nuM gu.yuni.nA bhASAbhavanamAM gayuM. chellA daseka varSothI zAsrIjI gu.yuni.nA bhASA bhavanamAM jatA baMdha thayA che. atyAre bho.je.vidyAbhavanamAM zAsrIjIne mAnada vetana rU. 1000- maLe che ane chapAtA jatA graMthonA saMpAdananI mAnArha sevA zAstrIjI ApyuM jAya che. gu.yuni.nuM emanuM pIeca.DI.nuM mArgadarzana levAnuM pAMceka varSathI baMdha thayuM che. gaNatarI karavAmAM Ave to caMdavANA boDIvAvamAM 1 varSa. mAMgaroLanI pAThazALA ane hAIskUlanAM 11-12 varSa ane amadAvAdamAM 1939 thI 1990 sudhInA Azare 52 varSa, emaNe Ama saravALe 65 varSa jeTaluM lAMbuM jIvana zaikSaNika kSetre vitAvyuM che e ananya koTinuM thayuM che. atyAre vadhumAM vadhu 40 thI 45 varSano zikSako tema adhyApakone sAmAnya rIte samaya maLe che, tyAM to pharajiyAta nivRtta thavuM paDe che. potAnI maLelI sevAno lekhaka tema saMzodhaka tarIke paNa upayoga thaI zakato hoya to zeSa jIvana sArthaka banI rahe che. lekhana-saMzodhana : maeNTrikyulezananI parIkSA ApI ane hajI pariNAma nahotuM AvyuM e gAvAmAM pitAjInA gharanA pustakAlayamAMthI vAMcavAne mATe pustako tapAsatA hatA emAM pitAjIe yAtrA karavA vrajabhUmi (mathurA pradeza)mAMthI zrI vallabhAcAryajInI stutinA, emanA putra zrIviThThalanAtha gusAMIjIe racelA jANItA saundarya nigadbhuta praSTita e zArdUlavikrIDita vRttanA zlokanI zrIgokulotsavajI gosvAmInI saM. aprasiddha TIkA pensilathI lakhelI jovAmAM AvI. pitAjInI saMmati maLatAM enI presa-kopI karI ane gujarAtI bhASAMtara paNa karyuM. pariNAma AvatAM 17mA varSanA chellA ASADha mahinAnI sudi pAMcamane divase ravAnA thaI bIje divase muMbaI pitAjInA moTA mAmA ane bhUlezvara-lAlabAvAnA maMdiranA adhikArI vaDIla zrI vIrajIbhAI ANaMdajI bApodarAne tyAM pahoMcyA ane besavA-sUvAnuM lAlabAvA maMdiranA mahArAjazrIne saMskRta zikSaNa ApatA, mAmAnA putra ane zAstrIjInA pitAjInA mAMgaroLanI pAThazALAnA ziSya zAstrIjI harikRSNanA kAryAlayamAM thayuM, jyA bIjA zAsrI cimanalAla harizaMkara (borasadavALA) paNa besatA hatA. zAstrIjIne A baMne vidvAno pAse hastalikhita graMtha parathI presakaoNpI banAvavAnuM ane prUpho vAMcavAnuM zikSaNa maLavA lAgyuM. ahIM muMbaImAM zAsrIjI cimanalAlanI kRpAthI pelo saurtha zloka saM. TIkA ane gujarAtI bhASAMtara sAtheno zAsrIjInA 18mA varSanA pravezanA trIjA mahinAmAM prakAzita thayo. agAu jaNAvyuM ema mAMdA paDyA ane saM. 1978 (sana 1922)nI vijayA dazamIne divase muMbaI kAyamane mATe choDI vaLate divasa mAMgaroLa pAchA AvI gayA ane sAjA thayA pachI adhUro vidyAbhyAsa pitAjInI pAThazALAmAM pUro karyo. ahIM sahAdhyAyI zrI- satyanArAyaNa maMdiranA vArase mahaMta zrI gomatIdAsajInA gADha saMparkathI graMthalekhana ane anuvAda karavAmAM tema svataMtra sAMpradAyika tema bhASAne lagatA lekho lakhavAnuM paNa zarU thayuM. zrI gomatIdAsajInI hUMphathI saM. kAvyazAstra ane chaMdaHzAstra taraphanI laganI vikasI, gujarAtI vyAkaraNa taraphanI paNa. AnuM paheluM noMdhapAtra 'vRttamaMjarI' pustaka, je.saM. 1981nA vAzAkha suda chaTha ane tA. 295-1925ne divase pUrNa thayuM. AmAM 10 bakomAM saM. 'vRttaratnAkara'nI jema vRtto ane chaMdonA lakSaNa te te chaMdanA eka caraNathI gujarAtImAM ApavAmAM AvelAM che. A graMtha 74 varSa pUrAM thaye amadAvAdanI gu.ri.sosAyaTI taraphathI chapAI prasiddha thayo. bIjo graMtha sAthe ja zarU thayelo, A saMskRtano suprasiddha paryAya-koza 'amarakoza'. anuvAdamAM paNa saM. te te zabdanA jeTalA gujarAtI bhASAmAM paryAyo jANItA che te ApavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avelo che. A graMtha saM. 1980 (sana 1923)nA mAgasara suda punama ane ravivArane divase saMpUrNa thayelo, e saMpUrNa rIte maThArI aghatana banAvyo, jeno divasa saM. 2031na! vaizAkha vida pAMcama, zukravAra, tA. 305-1975no che. 'yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa' taraphathI zAstrIjIne 'bRhad gujarAtI koza'nuM kAma soMpAyeluM. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 67 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.ko Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zAstrIjIne e samayanA niyAmaka zrI IzvarabhAI paTela vAraMvAra maLavA AvatA emAM vAtamAM vAta nIkaLatAM zAstrIjIe amarakoza'nA karelA anuvAdanI vAta karI. zrI paTele e anuvAda mAgyo ane bhAvanagaranA, bA.dA. kaoNlejamAM zAstrIjInA sthAne AvelA adhyA. paMDyAne tapAsavA Apyo. emaNe tapAsI prasiddha karavA saMmati ApI. zrI paTela zAstrIjI pAse AvyA ne vAta karI chapAvavAnI rajA mAgatAM zAstrIjIe jaNAvyuM ke A to 20 varSanA chokarAno karelo che, huM A akSarazaH pharIthI joI sudhArI ApuM, pachI chApavA Apajo." zAstrIjIe saMpUrNa rIte A anuvAda sudhArI tA. 30-5-1975nA divase saMpUrNa karI, pachI zrI paTelane soMpyo ane borDa taraphathI sana 197panA DisembaramAM prakAzita thayo, enI bIjI AvRtti tA. 1-4-1998nA divase prasiddha thaI. noMdhapAtra e che ke kavisamrATa nAnAlAla dalapatarAme zrI vallabhAcAryajInA racelA suprasiddha poza pbhyono samazlokI anuvAda sana 1925mAM prasiddha karyo. zAstrIjInA hAthamAM A anuvAda AvatAM emAMnA aDhaLaka chaMdodoSa emanI najare kheMcyA ane tarata samazlokI anuvAda karyo, je potAnA ra1mA varSe mAMgaroLanI saM. pAThazALAnA Azraye prasiddha thayo. eo amadAvAda AvyA tyAM sudhImAM nAnA moTAM 13,prakAzano thayAM, jemAMnA noMdhapAtra "mahAbhAratapadabaMdha madhyakAlIna kavioe racela'nA traNa graMtha, ratnezvarakRta bhAgavata skaMdha 1, 2 (guja. AkhyAna svarUpanAM), gopAladAsakRta vallabhAkhyAna (pAThAMtaro sAthe) ane kAlidAsanA 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nATakano samazlokI anuvAda che. tA. 14-1-1936 (uttarANane dahADe) amadAvAda AvyA tyAM sudhI sAmAnya temaja saMzodhananA ane sAMpradAyika maLI 100thI vadhu lekho acAnya sAmayikomAM chapAyA hatA. muMbaInI gujarAtI sAptAhika "gujarAtImAM emanA mahattvanA lekho avAranavAra chapAye jatA hatA, emAM zrI kanaiyAlAla mA. munazIe narasiMha mahetAno samaya saM. 1512 (hArasamenAM padonI racanAno) na svIkAratAM saM. 1572nuM samarthana kareluM eno sapramANa javAba 'gujarAtI'mAM chapAyelo, jene kAraNe gujarAtanA vidvAnomAM emaNe sthAna meLavI lIdheluM. "buddhiprakAza' 'vasaMta' 'kaumudI' "mAnasI" "phArbasa traimAsika ane sAMpradAyika mAsikomAM aneka viSaye tema saMzodhanamUlaka paNa lekha chapAyela enA moTA bhAganAe vidvAnonuM dhyAna kheMceluM. 1929mAM gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda taraphathI 'joDaNInI zabdAvalI niyamo sAthe prasiddha thaI tyArathI bhASA uparAMta joDaNInA viSayamAM paNa lakhavAno prayatna karelo. bhAvanagaramAM gujarAtI sA. pariSadamAM gujarAtI vyAkaraNa" uparano emano lekha paNa emanI zaktino khyAla Ape che. gujarAtI kriyArthaka dhAtuonA pAMca gaNa ane prerakonA prakAra e emanAM maulika tattvo emAM tarI AvyAM hatAM. sana 1934 sudhI eo mAMgaroLathI ja nibaMdho gu.sA.pariSadanA adhivezanamAM mokalatA, Avo emano prayatna "zAstroccAraparizuddha joDaNI' nibaMdha 28 me varSe lAThImAM maLelA 11mA adhivezanamAM emaNe vAMcyo hato, jeno samAdara thayo hato. emanAM prakAzano ane lekhone kAraNe bhASAzAstranI narasiMharAva diveTiyA, itihAsavida kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI, pro. baLavaMtarAya kalyANarAya ThAkora, pro. kezava harSada dhruva, zrI kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla munazI jevA prathama kakSAnA gujarAtI vidvAnonI AtmIyatA meLavavAne eo saddabhAgI banyA hatA. amadAvAda AvatAM ane gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI - (pachInI "gujarAta vidyAsabhA')mAM joDAyA pachI vidvAnono saMsarga uttarottara gADha banato rahyo. ahIM AvyA pUrve amuka mahattvanA vidvAnonAM dila jItI lIdhelAM, e vize emanI pAsethI jANavA maLyuM che e ahIM noMdhavuM ThIka thaI paDaze. goMDalanA mahArAjA zrI bhagavatasiMhajIe "bhagavadgomaMDaLa' kozanuM kArya zarU karyuM tyAre pro. narasiMharAva diveTiyAne vyutpattinA viSayamAM sahAyaka thavA vinaMtI mokalI tyAre, kadI maLyA nahotAM toye, zAstrIjI taraphanI lAgaNI vyakta karI nAma sUcavyuM. zAstrIjI e prathama khaMDanI 900 kolama e daSTie vAMcI ApI hatI. phArbasa pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 68 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtI sabhA taraphathI "mahAbhArata padabaMdha'nA bhAgo chapAye jatA hatA. pramukha zrI kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI vagere adhikArIone vicAra Avyo ke "narasiMha mahetAnI hAramALA" saMpAdita karAvI chapAvavI. kArobArImAM carcAmAM AvatAM A kAma kone soMpavuM e vakhate zrI kanaiyAlAla mA. munazIe zAstrIjInuM nAma sUcavyuM. zAstrIjIe to narasiMha mahetAno samaya badalavA vizenA emanA 16 muddAone toDI nAkhyA hatA, A zrI munazInI khAnadAnI. "hArasamenA pada ane hAramALA' e zIrSakathI saMpAdana karyuM, jemAM zrI munazIjInA vadhu ATha muddAo maLyA ane nirarthaka karI nAkhyA. A be ja kissAothI zAstrIjI zrI munazInA hamezAne mATe AtmIya banI gayA. trIjo prasaMga pro. baLavaMtarAya ThAkorano che. emaNe kAlidAsanA 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nATakano samazlokI anuvAda chapAvelo. 'kaumudI-mAnasI'nA taMtrI zrI vijayarAya vaidya enuM avalonakArya zAstrIjIne soMpyuM. zAstrIjIe karela avalokana zrI vaidhe emanA sAmayikamAM chApyuM. zAstrIjIe khAsa karIne anuNbhamAM dodoSa tAravIne ApelA. pro. ThAkorano zAstrIjI upara patra gayo ne pote bUla nathI karI evuM batAvaze ema patrathI jaNAvyuM, be mahine patra Avyo ke "zAstrIjI, tame doSo kADhayA che e adhivezana vaDodarAmAM thavAnuM hatuM. emAM sabhya phI rU. 5- pro. ThAkore bharI dIdhI ane muMbaI - "gujarAtI' sAptAhikamAM "madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI cAra bhUmikA' vize lekha Apelo ene "nibaMdha'nA svarUpamAM lakhI mokalI pachI hAjara rahevAnI sUcanA karI. zAstrIjIe nibaMdha mokalyo ane tArIkho nakkI AvatAM pahelI vAra mAMgaroLathI gayA. e pachI lAThImAM gu.sA.pariSadanuM 11muM adhivezana hatuM eTale pahelI vAra zAstrIjIe amadAvAda AvI tyAMthI vaDodarA pahoMcyA. kAunTara para gayA tyAre pariSadamAM vaMcAvA AvelA nibaMdhonuM sArapustaka chapAyeluM hatuM enI eka nakala bheTa maLI. sthAna para jaI graMthanAM pAnAM uthalAvatAM emanA nibaMdhano cha pAnAMno aMgrejImAM sAra zAstrIjInA nAmathI ja rajU karavAmAM Avyo hato, pro. ThAkore sAra aMgrejImAM lakhI chapAvelo. A te kevA prakAranI AtmIyatA ! ahIM saMzodhanakSetre ApelA emanA pradAna vize thoDuM jaNAvavuM ThIka thaI paDaze. thoDA ja mahattvanA graMthono nAmanirdeza ja karIza. emanA "amRta mahotsava'nA be graMtha 1982mAM chapAyA che, emAM san 1922 thI sana 1981 sudhImAM chapAyelA 15ra graMthonI yAdI chapAyelI che, A yAdImAM saMzodhanamUlaka graMthonA aMkonI pUrve 0 (zUnya) ApavAmAM Avela che. AvA graMthonI saMkhyA 102 thAya che. "mahAbhArata-padabaMdha' AkhyAnonA 7 graMtha, "kavicarita'nA 2 graMtha, 'ApaNA kavio' 1, "akSara ena zabda' - lekha saMgraha 1, "saMzodhanane mArge lekhasaMgraha 1, "anuzIlana' - lekhasaMgraha 1, "gujarAtI vAgvikAsa' 1, "gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana" 1, bharatanuM nATyazAstra ane AcArya abhinavagupta 1, 'bhAlaNa-eka adhyayana 1, 'gujarAtI bhASAzAstra' 1, 'bhANa : eka rUpakaprakAra" 1, 'gujarAtI bhASAno vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa" 1, 'bhASA ane gujarAtI bhASA 1, narasiha mahetA : eka adhyayana" 1, 'traNa jyotirdharo : akho zAmaLa ne dayArAma 1, vAgvibhava' - lekhasaMgraha 1, "atItane Ara' - purAtattvIya lekhasaMgraha 1, nayasaMhitA' , "bhIma ane kezavadAsa' 1 A 28 jeTalA graMtho mUrdhanya koTinA che. saMzodhanamUlaka lekhonI saMkhyA paNa 400 thI ochI nahi. A emanA 75 varSa pUrAM thayAM tyAM sudhIno khyAla Ape che. A pachI graMthonI saMkhyA 230nA aMke pahoMcI che. itihAsa, saMskRti ane purAtattvaviSayaka temanA graMthomAM saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarIo : mAMgaroLasoraTha (1967) asAM- jo kaccha ane atItane Are (1973), dhUmalI (1982) vagereno samAveza thAya che. ahIM emanA AMtararASTriya koTinA prakAzana vize kahevuM ThIka thaI paDaze. upara naveditA no nirdeza karyo che e ane jemAMthI e tAravavAmAM Avela che te bhAratasaMhitA vize kahevuM che. mahAbhAratanA anukramaNIadhyAyamAM vyAsajIe 24000 zlokonI racanA karyAno ullekha thayelo che. atyAra sudhI enI koI hastaprata maLI nathI eTale cokkasa siddhAMto nakkI karI lAkha zlokonA kahevAtA "mahAbhArata'mAMthI tAravavAnuM rahe che ane pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 69 For Private and Personal Use Only

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emAM zAstrIjIne saphaLatA maLI che. pRthvI upara Ama pelA nirdeza mAtra pachI asala kevuM svarUpa hoI zake e tAravavAmAM AvyuM che. e 'mAratasaMhitA' che. emane yaza maLyo che. bIjuM AMtararASTriya kArya e zIkhavatA mahApurAnanI samIkSita vAcanA, bhAratanI 11 lipimAM lakhAyelI chellAM 800-900 varSonI pothIonI vAcanAnI sarakhAmaNI karIne asala vAcanAnuM svarUpa zuM hovuM joIe e tAravavAnuM kAma bho.je.vidyAbhavana taraphathI DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata ane zAstrIjIne soMpAyeluM. e mahAna kAryamAM eka saMpAdaka tarIke zAstrIjIe sevA ApI che. ahIM nahi aTakatAM ema svataMtra rIte jUnAmAM jUnI saM. 1182 AsapAsanI hastapratanA pAThane keMdramAM rAkhI jUnA cAra TIkAkAro, zrIdhara, zrIvallabhAcAryajI, vijayadhvaja ane vIrarAghavananI TIkAomAM AvatAM pAThAMtaro ane prakSepo noMdhI svataMtra saMpAdana karyuM che. emanuM pradAna kozonI racanA pAchaLa noMdhapAtra che : (1) gujarAtI bhASAno laghukoza, (2) gujarAtI bhASAno pAyAno koza, (3) gujarAtI anuprAsa koza, (4) bRhad gujarAtI koza, (5) vanauSadhikoza 10 bhASAno (6) saMskRta-gujarAtI koza, (7) gujarAtI saMskRta koza, (8) vyutpattikoza, (9) saMskRta dhAtu koza. * emanI eka icchA che ke jIvana laMbAya to "saMskRta-gujarAtI-hiMdI-marAThI-aMgrejI ema pAMca bhASAno koza' Apavo. emanI bahuzruta vidvattAnI kadara karatAM keMdra sarakAra temaja gujarAta sarakAra ane bhAratanI temaja taLagujarAtanI aneka saMsthAo taraphathI aneka evorDa maLyA che, je noMdhavA ahIM ThIka thaI paDaze. padavIo 1. kAzInI eka sabhA 'bhASAbhAskara" 1940 2. akhila bhAratIya saM. saMmelana 'vidyAvAcaspati' 1966 bhArata sarakAra 'padmazrI' 1976 4. bhAratIya pariSada-prayAga mahAmahimopAdhyAya' 1978 5. bRhad gujarAta saM. esoziyezana mahAmahimopAdhyAya' 1983 6. bhAgavata vidyApITha, solA 'vedavedAMta cakravartI' 1988 7. saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa DaoNkTara oNpha leTarsa' 1990 8. bAlakRSNa zuddhAdvaita sabhA, surata zuddhAdvaitAlaMkAra' 1990 9. zAradApIThadhIzvara zrI zaMkarAcArya, amadAvAda dharmabhAskara" 1990 10. gurjara vikAsa saMgha, vaDodarA 'gurjararatna' 1991 11. sAMdIpani Azrama, porabaMdara 'brahmarSi 1996 12. hiMdI sAhitya saMmelana, prayAga bhArata-bhAratIratna" 1999 13. hamIrajI smAraka TrasTa, prabhAsapATaNa prabhAsaratna' 2001 14. sItArAma sevA TrasTa, mahuvA vAcaspati' 2002 15. saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara "bhArata mArtaDa' 2002 16 . baraDAI brAhmaNa samAja, amadAvAda 'jJAtiratna pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 70 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra evorDo : 1. vizvagurjarI eNvorDa amadAvAda 2. AMtararASTriya sAhitya baMdhutva 3. gujarAta sAhityasaMgama 4. gujarAta rAjya ramatagamata ane sAM. pravRtti 5. hiMdI sAhitya akAdamI, narasiMha mahetA, gAMdhInagara 6. gujarAtI sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara 7. saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara 8. somanAtha devasthAna, prabhAsa pATaNa 9. kumAra caMdraprakAza, lakhanau mAnapatro : www.kobatirth.org 1. puSTimArgIya pustakAlaya ane vaiSNava samAja, niDayAda 2. zuddhAdvaita saMsada, amadAvAda 3. mAMgaroLa yuvaka maMDaLa, muMbaI 4. puSTivijaya pustakAlaya, luNAvADA 5. mAMgaroLanI zaikSaNika saMsthAo 6. puSTimArgIya pustakAlaya, naDiyAda kapaDavaMja samasta vaiSNava samAja 7. 8. saurASTra vaiSNava samAja, dvArakA 9. zrI vallabha nivAsa, amadAvAda 10. saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa 11. kezoda hiMdu samAja, kezoda 12. mAMgaroLa-nAgariko 13. godharA mahAlanA vaiSNavo 14. bhANavaDa-samagra baraDAI brAhmaNa 15. vaDodarAnI dhArmika ane sAhityika saMsthAo 16. saMtAno taraphathI, amadAvAda 17. vidyArthI sahAyaka maMDaLa, mAMgaroLa 18. abhivAdana TrasTa 19. kaccha sAMskRtika saMgama ane anya saMsthAo 20. aMdhakalyANa keMdra 21. mAMgaroLano zrImALI vaNika samAja, muMbaI 22. saurASTra sAhityasabhA, rAjakoTa 23. go.mahArAjazrI (dozIvADA poLa), amadAvAda 24. saurASTra samasta brahmasamAja, rAjakoTa 25. svAminArAyaNa maMdira- rajata jyaMtI, maNinagara Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1986 1990 1996 1994-95 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only 6-22 1998 1999 2001 1936 1953 1951 1959 1976 1936 1976 1936 1976 1980 1981 1981 1981 1982 1981 1984 1985 1986 1986 1986 1987 1991 1991 1993 1994 pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 + 71 *

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26. AMtararASTrIya hiMdI samiti, vaoNziMgTana (yu.esa.) 1995 27. akhila bhAratIya puSTimArgIya vai. pariSada (hiMdImAM) 1997 28. seTelAITa vistAra - brahmasamAja, amadAvAda 1997 29. saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, amadAvAda 1997 30. prasAra bhAratI (AkAzavANI) amadAvAda 1998 31. narmadezvara mahAdeva samiti, meghANInagara (amadAvAda) 2OOQ 32. sAutha amadAvAda juniyara cembara 2001 33. zrI mAdhavarAyajI maMdira TrasTa, mAdhavapura-gheDa 2002 noMdha : mAnapatromAM keTalAMka kAgaLa upara, keTalAMka tAmrapatro, pittaLapatro, kAMsyapatro che, to koI lAkaDA upara paNa che. maLelA caMdrako : 1. puSTimArgIya pustakAlaya ane naDiyAdanA vaiSNava samAja 1936 2. raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka (gu.sA.sabhA) suvarNacaMdraka, amadAvAda 1952 3. gujarAta risarca sosAyaTI, muMbaI-amadAvAda 1963 4. gujarAta itihAsa pariSada-dvArakA, gokANI suvarNacaMdraka 1971 pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 72 For Private and Personal Use Only

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. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prasiddha itihAsakAra ane saMskRtivida Do. hariprasAda zAstrI DaoN. bhAratI zelata aitihye labdhavarNaH samuditayazAH zilpazailIkalApe dIkSAdakSo'bhilekhe prkttitsurucirvaastuvidyaaviveke| prAptazcAdhyakSakakSAM satatadhRtarasaH saMskRte saMskRtau ca kalyANArthI kRtArthaH sa jayatI sukRti yasya granthAH prasiddhAH / / bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti ane saMskRta vidyAnA bahuzruta vidvAna ane tajjJa DaoN. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrIno janma sAThodarA nAgara jJAtimAM 17 oNkaTobara, 1919nA roja malAtaja (ji. kheDA) mukAme thayo hato. pitAmaha vrajalAla kALidAsa zAstrI saMskRta-prAkRtanA sAkSara ane gujarAtI bhASAnA vidvAna hatA. apabhraMza ane gujarAtI bhASA tathA sAhityanA adhyayana DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI dvArA gujarAtInA Adya bhASAzAstrI tarIke temaNe khyAti prApta karI hatI. vrajalAla zAstrInA moTA bhAI choTAlAla zAstrI saMtakavi choTama tarIke oLakhAtA. pitA gaMgAzaMkara jayotiSa ane vaidakamAM nipuNa hatA. moTAbhAI zaMkaralAla zAstrI gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanA vivecaka hatA. DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrIe prAthamika mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNa jUnAgaDhamAM pUrNa karyuM. 1940mAM saMskRta viSaya sAthe bI.e. thayA pachI abhilekhavidyAnA abhyAsa mATe teo amadAvAdanI bho.je. vidyAbhavana nAmanI saMzodhana-saMsthAmAM ema.e.nA vidyArthI tarIke dAkhala thayA. 1942mAM saMskRta ane ardhamAgadhI viSaya sAthe ema.e. thayA. ema.e.mAM emanuM vaikalpika zAstra abhilekhavidyA hatuM. ema.e. uccatara dvitIya vargamAM pAsa karIne pro. rasikalAla parIkhanA mArgadarzana heThaLa ane aupacArika mArgadarzaka tarIke pro. atyaMkaranuM nAma rAkhI "valabhInA maitraka rAjAonA saMskRta abhilekhomAMthI maLatI mAhitI" e viSaya upara pIeca.DI. no abhyAsa zarU karyo. sAthe sAthe gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInI phelozipa meLavI prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtinA anusnAtaka kendramAM abhilekhavidyA, sikkAzAstra, zilpa ane sthApatya e viSayonA vargo levAnuM kArya karyuM ane 1945-46nA zaikSaNika varSathI ahIM adhyApaka tarIke sevAo ApI. eka varSa pUnA ane kolhApuramAM purAtattvanA siddhAMta ane kSetrakAryanI tAlIma meLavI. 1947mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI pIeca.DI.nI DigrI prApta karI. bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAM 1945 thI 1956 daramyAna adhyApaka tarIke, 1956 thI 1968 daramyAna upAdhyakSa tarIke ane 1968 thI 1979 daramyAna adhyakSa tarIke sevAo ApI. A samagra gALA daramyAna DaoN. zAstrIe adhyayana, adhyApana, saMzodhana ane lekhanakSetre racanAtmaka kArya karI vidyopAsanA karI. abhilekhomAM vaizAradya prApta karyA pachI abhilekhone ukelavA, tenuM livyaMtara, sAradohana, saMpAdana ane vivecana karavuM e emanI pradhAna vidyAkIya pravRtti rahI. emAM maitraka kAlathI mAMDI arvAcIna kAla sudhInA lagabhaga dara jeTalA abhilekhone ukelI enuM saMpAdana ane vivecana karI pragaTa karyA. abhilekhavidyAnA kSetre emanuM A atyaMta mahattvapUrNa pradAna che. pIeca.DI. DigrI mATenA saMzodhanArthIone mArgadarzana ApavAmAM saMzodhanAtmaka adhyApanano abhigama * niyAmaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 73 For Private and Personal Use Only

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DaoN. zAstrIe keLavyo hato. bhAratIya saMskRti viSayamAM teozrInA mArgadarzana heThaLa 14 vidyArthIo ane saMskRta viSayamAM 8 vidyArthIo pIeca.DI. thayA che. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM sthApatya, rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, dharmasaMpradAyo, paurANika anuzrutio, lipividyA, rAjyataMtra ane hastaprato temaja saMskRta viSayamAM bhaTTikAvya, rAjataraMgiNI ane purANo, kavi somezvara ane tenI kRtio, rUpako ane mahAkAvyo, bhagavadgItA jevA dArzanika graMtha ane kAlagaNanA jevA vividha viSayo upara zodhaprabaMdho lakhAyA che. saMzodhanakSetre DaoN. zAstrInI siddhio apUrva ane virala che. emanA maulika saMzodhanagraMthomAM aMgrejI zodhaprabaMdhanA gujarAtI anuvAda uparAMta emAM aSaNanAM anya sAdhanono tathA anya samakAlIna rAjyono samAveza karI gujarAtImAM taiyAra karelo "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta (itihAsa ane saMskRti)' 1955mAM pragaTa thayelA mahattvapUrNa saMzodhana graMtha che. A graMtha gujarAtanA maitrakakAlanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsano pramANabhUta graMtha che. suratanI narmada sAhityasabhAe DaoN. zAstrInA A graMthane 1951 thI 1955 daramyAna prasiddha thayelA zreSTha ItihAsagraMtha tarIke mUlavI 1958mAM DaoN. zAstrIne narmada suvarNacaMdraka enAyata karyo. 1960mAM amadAvAdanI gujarAta sAhitya sabhA dvArA DaoN. zAstrIe saMzodhanakSetre karela uttama kAmagIrI badala prasiddha raNajItarAma suvarNacaMdraka pradAna karI emanuM bahumAna karavAmAM AvyuM. vyAkhyAnamALAo : dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTInI kavi narmada vyAkhyAnamALAmAM 1977mAM gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI' vize suratamAM traNa vyAkhyAna ApyAM. e vyAkhyAna gujarAta itihAsa pariSade 1978mAM prasiddha karyA. A upa rsiTI taraphathI Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnamALAnA upakrame 1981mAM 'itihAsanA sAdhana tarIke gujarAtanA abhilekha' vize muMbaImAM pAMca vyAkhyAna Apyo. e saMzodhananA nicoDarUpa vyAkhyAno gUjarAta vidyApIThe 1984mAM graMthAkAre pragaTa karyA. e uparAMta vallabha vidyAnagaranI saradAra paTela yunivarsiTInA saMskRta vibhAgamAM tathA itihAsa vibhAgamAM, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdira, muMbaInI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, vaDodarA myujhiyama, gUjarAta vidyApITha vagere saMsthAonA upakrame vyAkhyAna ApyAM hatAM. maulika graMtho : DaoN. zAstrInA maulika graMthomAM mukhya 19 jeTalA graMthono samAveza thAya che. emAM haDappA ane moheMjodaDo' (1952), "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta' (1955), "InDoneziyAmAM vistarelI bhAratIya saMskRti' (1957), 'gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa' (1964, 1973), "prAcIna bhArata' (bhA. 1,2 - 1970), silona' (1969), 'azoka, ane enA abhilekha' (1972), "cInamAM prasarelI bhAratIya saMskRti' (1975), "bhAratanuM bauddha sthApatya' (1983), bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA' (1973), 'bhAratIya sikkAzAstra' (sahalekhana-1979), 'paDozI dezomAM bhAratIya saMskRtino prAcIna prasAra' (sahalekhana-1980) mukhya che. A uparAMta Chronology of Gujarat Gujarat District Gazetteers', 'gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', gujarAta jillA sarvasaMgraho' vageremAM paNa lakhANa lakhelAM che. saMpAdana kArya : inDiyana kAunsila opha hisTorikala risarca-navI dilhI taraphathI sinIyara risarca phelozipa maLatAM DaoN. zAstrIe taiyAra karela 'A Historical and cultural study of the Inscrip9s of Gujarat' graMtha emanA maulika saMzodhananuM tAjuM pradAna che. Gujarat under the Maitrakas abhi e graMtha emanA aMgrejI mahAnibaMdha ne AdhAre vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyA maMdira taraphathI 2000mAM pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 74 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pragaTa thayo che. DaoN. zAstrIe adhyakSapade niyukta thayA pachI pro. rasikalAla parIkhanI preraNAthI gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' nava graMthomAM pragaTa karavAnI yojanA sarakArI anudAnathI taiyAra karI 1972 thI 1987 daramyAna A graMthamALA pragaTa thaI je zikSaNa ane vidyAnA kSetre moTI siddhi gaNI zakAya. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA dvArA 1979 thI 1981 daramyAna pragaTa thayela "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha', graMtha 4 ane 5 mAM temaNe saltanata ane mughalakAlanA aitihAsika abhilekhonuM saMpAdana karyuM che. bho.je. vidyAbhavana dvArA prakAzita thayela zrImad bhAgavata purANa'nI samIkSita AvRttinA skaMdha 1 thI 3 ane skaMdha 7 nuM saMpAdana karyuM che. A uparAMta prAcIna hastapratone AdhAre traNa aprakAzita kRtio ra sabhyodyota, pravIpa ane vyazikSAnuM saMpAdana karyuM. kavi choTamanI keTalIka aprakAzita kRtio, te kavinA hastAkSaromAM lakhelI prato parathI saMpAdita karI graMtharUpe pragaTa karI. zrI karuNAzaMkara bhaTTanA patro ane temanI noMdhapothIomAMthI samAjopayogI aMzo tAravI kAlAnukrame saMkalana ane vargIkaraNa karI graMtharUpe pragaTa karyA. emanI janmazatAbdI prasaMge smAraka graMtha taiyAra karyo. De. zAstrIe gujarAtanA itihAsa, saMskRti, purAtattva, saMskRta sAhitya, gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhitya, dharma ane tattvajJAna, zilpa-sthApatya kalA, kAlagaNanA, prAcIna lipividyA, adhivezananA ahevAlo, graMthasamIkSA vagere vize saMzodhana ane mAhitIprada lekho lagabhaga 600 jeTalA pragaTa karyA che. sanmAna : 1982 ane 1991mAM DaoN. zAstrInuM jAhera sanmAna karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. temane saMskRta ane gujarAtI prazastipatra arpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane temano abhinaMdana graMtha 'Dr. H. G. Shastri Felicitation Volume' prakAzita karavAmAM Avyo hato. gujarAta rAjya sarakAranI saMskRta sAhitya akAdamIe 19992000 no gaurava puraskAra DaoN. zAstrIne pradAna karyo hato. 1977mAM darabhaMgAnI maithilI vizvavidyApITha mahAmahopAdhyAyanI sanmAna upAdhi arpaNa karI. 198ramAM jetalapuramAM maLelA gujarAta rAjya saMskRta adhyApaka maMDaLanA AThamA adhivezanamAM zAla arpaNa karI DaoN. zAstrInuM sanmAna karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sabhyapada : DaoN. zAstrI ghaNI vidyAsaMsthAo sAthe sakriya rIte saMkaLAyelA che. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI kArobArInA sabhya, gujarAta yunivarsiTInA seneTa sabhya, gujarAta yunivarsiTInA itihAsanI ane pachI... bhAratIya saMskRtinI abhyAsa samitinA adhyakSa, ekeDemika kAunsila ane baoNrDa oNpha yunivarsiTI TIciMga enDa risarcanA sabhya nimAyA. DaoN. zAstrIe 1960mAM gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanI sthApanA karavAmAM mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. teo pariSadanA pahelA pramukha hatA. hAla tenA TrasTI che. gujarAta vidyAsabhA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ane gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI kArobArI samiti, gujarAtI sAhityanI madhyastha samitinA sabhya tarIke sevAo ApI che. gujarAta rAjyanI purAtattva salAhakAra samitimAM, gujarAta rAjya sarakAranA jillA sarvasaMgrahone lagatI salAhakAra samitimAM temaja brahmacArIvADI TrasTanI salAhakAra samitimAM paNa Do. zAstrIe yogadAna ApyuM che: itihAsa-lekhananA kSetre eka sAcA saMzodhaka tarIke gujarAtanA prAcInakAlanA saMzodhana ane lekhanano jhINavaTapUrvaka abhyAsa karatAM DaoN. zAstrInI pratibhA eka sAcA saMzodhaka tarIke Upase che. emanAM lakhANo pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 75 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hakIkato para AdhArita hoya che. namUnaM nirAte vizna e emanuM lekhananuM sUtra che. 'AdhAra nahIM te itihAsa nahIM' e anusAra emanAM badhAM ja aitihAsika tAraNo sAdhAra ane hakIkatanI eraNa para ghaDAyela hoya che. gujarAtanA itihAsanI khUTatI kaDIone joDavA temaNe potAnA vidyArthIo pAse saMzodhana kArya karAvyuM che ane gujarAtano sarvAgI itihAsa pragaTa thAya evA prayAso karyA che, emanA saMzodhanamAM aitihAsika sUra dRSTi ane samIkSApUrNa rajUAta jovA maLe che. lakhANomAM kAlAnukrama sAcavavo, sUkSma avalokana dvArA hakIkatanuM yathAtatha nirUpaNa karavuM ane potAnA abhigamane zAstrIya paddhatie taTasthatApUrvaka rajU karavo - A traNe tattvonI triveNIsaMgama DaoN. zAstrInA lekhanakAryamAM jovA maLe che. gujarAtamAM rASTrakUTonuM zAsana', 'cAvaDA rAjAone vaMzAvaLInI samasyA, "saMjANanA sthAnika itihAsa para paDelo prakAza', 'dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pArasIono pahelo vasavATa, "amadAvAdanI sthApanAno samaya jevA lekhomAM zAstrInI satyAnveSaNanI viziSTa saMzodhana daSTi ane navAM tAraNo jovA maLe che. itihAsanA AlekhanamAM mAtra rAjakIya ja nahIM paraMtu sAMskRtika itihAsanAM vividha pAsAMo samAja lokajIvana, dharma, arthataMtra, bhASA, lipi, sAhitya, kAlagaNanA vagerenuM paNa sthAna hovuM joIe tema te spaSTapaNe mAne che. potAnA graMtho "prAcIna bhArata' ane 'gujarAtanI prAcIna itihAsa mAM temaNe rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanAM anekavidha pAsAMonI chaNAvaTa karI che. itihAsanAM mULabhUta sAdhanone AdhAre DaoN. zAstrI saMzodhana karI potAnA maMtavyo rajU kare che. chatAM nava purAvAo upalabdha thatAM tenI sUkSma cakAsaNI karI hakIktonuM punarmulyAMkana karavuM e temanI eka sAcA ItihAsakA tarIke AgavI sUjha che. Ama DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI eka taTastha ane sUkSmadarzI itihAsakAra, saMskRtivida, abhilekhavidyAna bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMskRta vidyAnA tajjJa che. teozrIe gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsanA trei UMDuM saMzodhana karI bahumUlya pradAna karyuM che. sAthe sAthe bhArata ane gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsanuM gujarAtI bhASAnA mAdhyama dvArA Alekhana karI gujarAtanI prajAne prAcIna itihAsanuM sAcuM darzana karAvavAno ananya prayAsa karyo che, ane upalabdha sAdhanonA upayoga ane tulanAtmaka ItihAsalekhana dvArA prAdezika ane rASTrIya kakSAnA prAcyavidyAvidomAM noMdhapAtra sthAna prApta karyuM che ema niHzaMka kahI zakAya. pathika, vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 76 For Private and Personal Use Only

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: + sva. DaoN. kAMtilAla phUlacaMda somapurA DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA emano janma 9 mArca, 1919mAM khaMbhAtamAM thayo hato. khaMbhAta, visanagara ane amadAvAdamAM abhyAsa karI I.sa. 1944mAM teo muMbaI yunivarsiTImAMthI gujarAtI viSaya sAthe prathama vargamAM bI.e. thayA. 1946mAM ema.e. ane 1953mAM elaela.bI. thayA. taLa gujarAtanI somapurA jJAtinA teo prathama snAtaka hatA. vAstukalA ane mUrtikalAne AvarI letI zilpakalAnI bhAratIya paraMparA jALavI rAkhavAmAM gujarAtamAM somapurA jJAti ghaNo noMdhapAtra phALo ApatI rahI che. zrI kAMtilAla bhASA, sAhitya ane vakIlAta jevA itara viSayo tarapha vaLavA chatAM zilpakalAnI kula paraMparAgata abhirucithI prerAIne emaNe cheka 194ra thI mUrtikalAno paitRka vyavasAya saMbhALelo. paraMtu ucca zikSaNanI kArakirdIne laIne adhyayana-saMzodhana pratinI abhiruci savizeSa hoi emaNe gujarAtanAM prAcIna sthApatyo vize saMzodhana karavA DaoN. kAMtilAla phUlacaMda somapurA mAMDeluM. prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtinA viSayamAM maMdira sthApatya aMge saMzodhana karavAnA dhyeya sAthe pIeca.DI. padavI mATe gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM rajIsTrezana karAvyuM. emanA mArgadarzaka Do. hariprasAda ga. zAstrI hatA. gujarAtanAM prAcIna zilpa-sthApatya viSenAM barjarsa, kajhinsa, sAMkaLiyA vagere vidvAnonAM lakhANono emaNe talasparzI abhyAsa karyo. dvArakA, prabhAsa, mahesANA, IDara vagerenI AsapAsanAM gAmomAM jAte pravAsa kheDI aneka prAcIna maMdironA taladarzana tathA UrdhvadarzananA Alekha taiyAra karyA. gujarAtanAM ullakhita prAcIna tathA madhyakAlIna maMdironI kAlakramika samIkSA karIne vidyamAna madironAM nirmANamAM zilpazAstranA kayA graMthonA niyamo lAgu paDe che te zodhavAno maulika prayatna karyo. aMgrejImAM lakhAyelAM emano nibaMdha dha sTrakacarala Tempalsa oNva gujarAta" zIrSaka heThaLa 1963mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTIne suparata karyo. A mahAnibaMdhe emane pIeca.DI.nI upAdhi apAvI ane samasta somapurA jJAtimAM sahuprathama DaoNkTareTa meLavanAra tarIke jJAtie emanuM bahumAna karyuM. gujarAta yunivarsiTIe 1968mAM A mahAnibaMdha prakAzita karyo. A saMzodhanakAryo emane adhyApana saMzodhanakSetre sthira karyA. 1963mAM amadAvAdanA zeTha bhoLAbhAI jeziMgabhAI vidyAbhavanamAM mAnArha adhyApaka tarIke ane 1964thI 1971 sudhI ha.kA. ArTsa kolejamAM adhyApaka tarIke sevA ApI. te pachI teo bho.je. vidyAbhavanamAM bhAratIya saMskRtinA anusnAtaka adhyApaka saMzodhaka tarIke kAma karatA hatA. sthApatya (vAstukalA) tathA zilpakalA (mUrtividhAna)ne adhyayana-saMzodhanamAM emaNe ghaNuM gaNanApAtra pradAna kareluM che. emanuM bhAratIya sthApatya ane zilpa' nAmanuM pustaka 1965mAM pragaTa thayuM. gujarAta yunivarsiTInA snAtakakakSA tathA adhyayana-adhyApana kAryanA paripAkarUpe bhAratIya dharma ane saMskRtine kendramAM rAkhI vikAsa pAmela sthApatya ane zilpanA svarUpabhedo tema ja temAM daSTigocara thatA prAMtika vibhedone najara samakSa rAkhI, zakya teTaluM temanuM kAlakramika nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. A graMtha be khaMDamAM lakhAyo che. prAstAvikamAM lalita + adhyApaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 77 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kalAonA bhAratIya khyAlanuM vizada nirUpaNa kareluM che. khaMDa 1H sthApatyane lagato che. jemAM zarUAtamAM siMdhukhINanI saMskRtinA sthApatya ane zilpanuM rekhAcitra dvArA vistRta varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. sthApatyanA dhArmika ane laukika evA be mukhya vibhAga pADavAmAM Ave che. emAM dhArmika sthApatyanuM svarUpa sArvajanika hoi, enuM adhika nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. dhArmika sthApatyamAM vaLI bauddha sthApatya viziSTa svarUpa dharAve che. emAM stUpa, vihAra ane caityagRha e traNa prakAranA uddabhava ane vikAsanI prakriyA varNavI che. te sAthe kAlAnukramamAM pUrva mauryakAlathI guptakAla sudhInA stUponuM vigate varNana apAyuM che. vihAronA sthApatya svarUpomAM pazcima ane dakSiNa bhAratanA vihAro varNavyA che. bauddha sthApatyanI sarakhAmaNIe jaina sthApatyanA prAcIna namUnA jUja maLe che. cAlu sahasrAbdInA sthApatyamAM devAlaya ane jinAlayanA sthApatya-svarUpamAM ghaNA ocho bheda rahelo najare paDe che. jaina sthApatyomAM orisAnI jaina guphAo, dakSiNa bhAratanA pallavakAlIna zailamaMdiro tathA pazcima bhAratamAM brAhmaNa ane jaina guphA maMdironI vigato ApI che. brAhmaNa devAlayanA sthApatya-svarUpamAM uttaranI nAgarazailI ane dakSiNanI draviDazailI spaSTa rIte alaga pADI che. jemAM mauryakAlathI anuguptakAla sudhInA iMTerI maMdiro tathA nAgara-draviDa zikharazailI ane maMdira sthApatyanI utkrAMti varNavI che. tyArabAda uttara bhAratIya zailInAM maMdirA, cAlukyazailInAM maMdiro, dakSiNa bhAratIya (draviDa) zailInA maMdironuM vizada varNana karyuM che. chelle laukika ke nAgarika sthApatyanA nirUpaNamAM nagara-Ayojana, durgaracanA, rAjaprAsAda, bhavana vagerenA svarUpano paricaya apAyo che. khaMDa 2 : zilpa ne lagato che. zarUAtamAM bhAratIya zilpane samayAnukramanI dRSTie prAcIna, pUrva madhyakAlIna ane uttara madhyakAlIna vibhAgamAM vaheMcI tenA padArthonI chaNAvaTa karI che. te pachI siMdhu saMskRtinA zilpothI laIne maurya, zuMga, zaka, kuSANa, AMdhra guptakAlIna zilponAM lakSaNo ane viziSTadhArAo darzAvI che. pUrvakAlIna (I.sa. 600 thI 900 sudhI) mUrtikalAnAM kendro ilorA, eliphanTA ane dakSiNamAM mAmallapuranA zilponuM lAkSaNika varNana karela che. uttara madhyakAlIna zilpomAM I.sa. 900 thI 1300nA samayagALAmAM mUrtividhAnamAM prAdezika dhoraNe cha vibhAgo - orissA, baMgALa-bihAra, buMdela khaMDa, madhyabhArata, gujarAtarAjasthAna ane tamilanADu vibhAganA zilpono paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. prakIrNa zilpomAM dhAtu zilpo ane pakavelI mATInAM zilpono Acho khyAla rajU karyo che. chevaTe pariziSTamAM bhAratIya vAstuvidyAne lagatI upalabdha sAhitya sAmagrI vize khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo che, te e vidyAnA lAMbA ane UMDA kheDANano khyAla Ape che. DaoN. kAMtilAla somapurAe athAka zrama ane dhIraja dharIne 1969mAM 'A Critical Study of the Sculptures in the Sun Temple at Modhera" zIrSa heThaLa moDherA sUryamaMdiranuM jhINavaTabharyuM adhyayanasaMzodhana karela che. je haju sudhI apragaTa che. A uparAMta "buddhisTa monyumenTsa eNnDa skalacarsa ina gujarAta' 1969mAM pragaTa thayuM. jemAM gujarAtamAM bauddhadharmanA praveza, tenuM sAhitya, zAkhAo, bauddhakendro ane sthApatyazilpa aMgenI vistRta mAhitI ApelI che. 1971mAM "dhI ArkiTekacarala TrITamenTa oNva dhI ajitanAtha Tempala eNTa tAraMgA' nAmaka pustakamAM maMdira sthApatyanA vividha aMgo-bhAgonI jALavaNI tathA jIrNoddhAranI prakriyAne lagatI mAhitI che. uparAMta temanAM bIjAM moTAnAnAM pustako jANItA che. pathika-saurASTra aMka' me-jUna, 1970mAM chapAyela "saurASTramAM islAma ane islAmI sthApatyano saMzodhanAtmaka lekha noMdhapAtra che. kA. kAMtilAlanA gujarAtI saMskRta sAhitya, bhAratIya sthApatya ane zilpane lagatAM aMgrejI tathA gujarAtI sAmayiko oriyenTala jarnala, vizvezvarAnaMda risarca jarnala buddhiprakAza kumAra, svAdhyAya, phArbasa sabhA pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 78 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tramAsika, gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLa trimAsika, purAtattva, pathika, navacetanamAM buddhiprakAza pragaTa thayelA emanA saMkhyAbaMdha lekho emanA vividha viSayonI emanI tajjJatAnI pratIti karAve che. rASTrIyakakSAnI keTalIka kaoNnpharansonAM adhivezano tathA smRti graMthomAM "sUryamaMdira' tathA 'pathika'nA viziSTa aMkomAM, gujarAtanA DisTrikTa gejheTIaromAM ane bho.je. vidyAbhavananI "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanI graMtha zreNImAM lekhanakArya mATe Do. somapurAnuM pradAna noMdhapAtra che. teo gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA sakriya kAryakara hatA. dvArakA khAte yojAyelA chaThThA (1971) adhivezanamAM trimUrtinAM mUrtividhAna vize zreSTha nibaMdha lakhavA mATe sva. ka. bhA. dave raukhacaMdrakanA prathama vijetA teo hatA. gujarAta sAhitya sabhA mATe sva. ratnamaNirAva likhita "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAdanI saMzodhita AvRtti taiyAra karavAmAM DaoN. somapurAe sakriya sahAya karelI, amadAvAdamAM koMgresa hAusa pAsenA mahAgujarAtanI lokalaDatanA zahIdonA smAraka mATe zrI indulAla yAjJikanI vibhAvanA anusAranA smArakanA rUpAMkananA Ayojaka paNa DaoN. somapurA hatA. chelle doDheka mAsanI gaMbhIra mAMdagI bAda 55 varSanI vaye 23mI Dise., 1974nA roja teo akALa avasAna pAmyA. emanA javAthI gujarAtamAM zilpa sthApatyanA eka tajjJanI gaMbhIra khoTa paDI che. saMdarbhagraMtha 'kumAra', varSa-para, aMka 1, jAnyu. 1975. - kA.phU. somapurA - "bhAratIya sthApatya ane zilpa', amadAvAda, 1965 - K.F.Sompura, 'The Structural Temples of Gujarat', Ahmedabad, 1968. - 'sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka', amadAvAda, 1964 kA.phU. somapurA (saMpA.) pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 79 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha - jIvana ane kArya ravi ga. hajarIsaka 1988, ne navembara mAsanA dIpAvali parvanA divase prAdhyazilpa, prAcyacitra ane bhAratIya kalAnA bahukRta vidvAna (DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha 73 varSanI Ayue divaMgata thayA. e sAthe ja tatkAlIna kalAvidono eka yuga AthamI gayo. teo svAtaMtryottara kAlanI peDhInA agraNya sArasvata hatA. A peDhInA (DaoN.) vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, (Do.) motIcandra ane (DaoN.) sI. zivarAmamUrti jevA samakakSa A pahelAM ja anaMtanI yAtrAe cAlyA gayA hatA. temanA javAthI gurjara prAcyakalAnA zilpa ane citranI kSitije nibiDA aMdhakAra ane timira dekhAya che. jainakalAnA prakAMDa paMDita gaNAtA umAkAnta zAhano janma vaDodarA mukAme mArca 20 mIe, 1915nA roja custa vaiSNava parivAramAM thayo hato. temaNe meLavela pIece.DI.nI upAdhino viSaya Elements of Jain Art hato, je A ja nAme Aje pustakarUpe upalabdha che. Treasures of Jain Bhandaras (1978), Akota Bronzes (1959) tathA Jain Rupa Mandana (1987)mAM be volyuma paikInuM prathama prasiddha thayuM) temanA jainakalA paranA jANItA graMtho che. temaNe ema.esa.yunivarsiTI oNpha baroDAmAMthI 'Diploma In Museology'nI padavI prathama beca ane prathama vargamAM meLavI hatI. Aje to ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA uparAMta gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda khAte saMgrahAlaya zikSaNanI vyavasthA che. paNa gujarAtamAM saMgrahAlaya zikSaNa prasAranA mULamAM umAkAnta zAhano phALo hato. bauddhakalAnA jagakhyAta vidvAna (a.) binoyatoSa bhaTTAcArya temanA vidyAguru hatA. ane AMtara-rASTra khyAta jarmana vidvAna ane vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanA pUrva niyAmaka (DaoN.) haramana gotsanI preraNA ane mArgadarzanano lAbha temane vakhatovakhata maLato rahyo hato. 1954 thI nivRtti paryata teo ma.sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarAnA prAcyavidyAmaMdiranA nAyaba niyAmakano hodo zobhAvatA hatA. 1965 thI teo prAcyavidyAmaMdiranA ati mahattvanA gaNAtA "rAmAyaNa' projekTanuM saMpAdana saMbhALatA hatA. A aMge "Critical Edition of Uttarakanda of Valmiki Ramayana ane Sangitopanisadsaroddhara of Vacanacarya Sudhakalasa, graMthono ullekha jarUrI che. temanA Sculptures from Samalaji and Roda (1960) graMthamAM graMthita zilpAkRtio bhAratIya kalAnA virala namUnAo che. A aMge kahI zakAya ke, It was due to efforts of U.P.Shah that these exquisitely carved sculptures were properly estimated, appropriately analysed and given an aesthtically high place in the panorama of Western Indian art. umAkAnA zAha 1960 thI 1970 sudhI Journal of Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta nA sahasaMpAdaka hatA. nivRtti paryata teo "Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda tathA "svAdhyAya" naimAsikanuM sahasaMpAdana saMbhALatA. prAcyakalA ane kalAvivecana jevA gahana viSayanuM sAhitya mAtRbhASAmAM upalabdha bane, mATe teo gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa lekhana karatA. temanA gujarAtImAM kalAviSayaka pradAna arthe "kumAra" jevA labdhapratiSTha sAmayika taraphathI suvarNacandraka ApavAmAM Avyo hato. 1968mAM banArasa mukAme maLela "All India Oriental Conference" nA Arts and Technical Science * nivRtta sahAyaka purAtattva niyAmaka, gujarAta. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 80 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vibhAganA pramukha banAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. teo rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, nyu dilhInI paracejha kamiTInA sabhya rahI cUkyA hatA. 1958 thI 1970 nA dAyakA sudhI teo ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarAnA sakriya seneTa sabhya hatA. jyAre heriTeja TrasTa opha baroDA' vaDodarAnA teo saMsthApaka sabhya hatA. (Do.) umAkAnta zAhanuM sauthI moTuM pradAna pazcima bhAratIya kalA' aMgenuM hatuM. barjesa, kajhansa ke inAmadAra vagerenuM pAyAnuM kArya prazaMsanIya hatuM. chatAM gujarAtanAM zilponI oLakha arthe kaMIka khUTatuM hatuM. Do. zAhe agAunI sAmagrI, navIna upalabdhi sAthe uttara bhAratIya kalAnA namUnAonuM tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa ane pazcima bhAratIya zilpakRtione te dvArA bhAratIya kalAnA eka mULa srota tarIke prasthApita karI. temanA saMzodhanathI spaSTa thayuM, ke pazcima bhAratanI sAtavAhana-kSatrapakalA e guptakalA ke tenI asarathI svataMtra che. * devanI morInI bauddhapratimAo I.sa. 375 AsapAsanI hovAnuM utnananathI pratipAdita thayuM, hoI e DaoN. zAhanA matane puSTi Ape che. eTaluM ja nahIM uttara bhAratIya kalAne to pazcima bhAratIya sAtavAhana-kSatrapakalAno vAraso maLyAnAM pramANo temaNe ApyAM. 1970mAM losa enjalasa, amerikAmAM maLela AMtara-rASTrIya seminAramAM vizvakalAvido, samIkSako ane purAvido samakSa DaoN. zAhe ukta dRSTikoNa mUkyo hato. pharIne temaNe 1981mAM amerikAmAM maLela AMtararASTrIya seminAramAM A ja abhiprAya mUkyo hato. jeno svIkAra thayo. gujarAtanI prAcya kalAne bhAratIya kalA kSitije sarvocca sthAne pahoMcADavAmAM enI garimA jALavavAmAM DaoN. umAkAnta zAhano siMhaphALo che. temanA saMzodhanathI gujarAtanA kSatrapa, gupta, maitraka ke solaMkI kAlanAM zilponI adyatana AnupUrvI (Relative sequence) taiyAra maLela che. jemAM navIna namUnAone A samayAMkana(Chronology)mAM goThavavA atyaMta sulabha che. aMtamAM DaoN.umAkAnta zAhanA nidhanathI kalAkSetre kadI na purAya evI khoTa paDI che. A lekhakano to aMgata AdhAra jato rahyo che. A lekhakanA "gujarAtanI zilpa-samRddhi eka vihaMgAvalokana" graMthalekhananA tamAma tabakke temaNe rasa laI amUlya sUcano karelAM hatAM. paraMtu prasiddhi samaye teo hayAta na hovAthI graMtha temanI puNyasmRtimAM arpaNa karelo che. pAdaTIpa (DaoN.) yu.pI.zAha aMgenuM sAhitya upalabdha karI ApavA mATe lekhaka prAcyavidyA maMdira vaDodarAnA niyAmaka (Do.) ema.ela.vADekara, ane nAyaba niyAmaka sanmitra (DaoN.) siddhArtha vAkaNakaranA RNI che. 4. Prof. (Dr.) R.N.Mehta Commemoration Volume-1], (Ed.) Bajpai, Jamindar and Trivedi, aMtargata ravi hajarIsano lekha "An Early Surya Figure from Samalaji", p. 133. 2. umAkAnta zAha, "gujarAtanuM guptakAlIna zilpa-keTalIka navIna upalabdhio ane vicAraNA", "svAdhyAya", - pu. 11, aMka-1, 1973, pR. 10). 3. uparyukta, pU. 100. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 81 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattvavida DaoN. 2. nA. mahetA DaoN. paMkaja desAI* ucca koTinA purAvastuvid sAthe ucca koTinA zikSaka Ama saMzodhaka ane zikSaka ema bevaDI bhUmikAmAM DaoN. 2. nA. mahetAnI jijJAsAvRtti, saMzodhanavRtti ane jJAnadAnanI pravRtti purAvastuvidyAnA abhyAsuo tathA rasajJo mATe amUlya srota banI rahI. khaMta, khamIra ane vidvattA mATe prasiddha anAvila brAhmaNa jJAtimAM DaoN. 2. nA. mahetAno janma 15 Disembara, 1922nA roja surata jillAnA katAra gAme thayo hato. temanuM vatananuM gAma marolI hatuM. Do. mahetAe zALAkIya zikSaNa vaDodarA, marolI tathA navasArImAM lIdhuM hatuM. teoe mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI vaDodarAmAMthI 1944mAM bI.e.nI tathA 1947mAM ema.e. nI padavI meLavI hatI. Aja yunivarsiTImAMthI 1954mAM temaNe DiplomA ina myujhiyolojIno abhyAsa karyo DaoN. 2. nA. mahetA hato tathA 1957mAM pIeca.DI.nI padavI prApta karI hatI. temaNe potAnI kArakirdIno prAraMbha 1944mAM vaDodarAnI muslima ejyukezana sosAyaTImAM zikSaka tarIke karyo hato. teo 1949mAM keliko myujhiyama opha TekSaTAilanA kayureTara tarIke joDAyA hatA. tyArabAda 1950thI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA purAvastuvidyA vibhAgamAM risarca skolara tarIke prAraMbha karI uttarottara lakjharara, rIDara, prophesara, adhyakSa ane chelle ArTsa phekalTInA DIna tarIkenI javAbadArI saMbhALI hatI. teoe abhyAsa samitinA sabhya tarIke mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI opha baroDA, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTI, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, puNe yunivarsiTI, nAgapura yunivarsiTI, kurukSetra yunivarsiTI, jodhapura yunivarsiTIne potAnI zaikSaNika sevAono lAbha Apyo hato. teoe 1982mAM vayanivRtta thayA pachI paNa zaikSaNika pravRttio cAlu ja rAkhI. 1984mAM gUjarAta vidyApIThanA vijhiTiMga (mulAkAtI) prophesara tarIke joDAyA hatA. uparAMta aneka vidyA saMsthAonuM adhyakSapada tathA sabhyapada saMbhALatA hatA. DaoN. mahetA vidyAkIya hetusara aneka dezo tathA pradezomAM pravAsa karatA hatA, jemAM amerikA, raziyA vagere mukhya hatA, jayAM teo bhAratIya saMskRtinA vividha viSayo para vyAkhyAna ApatA hatA. DaoN. mahetAnA mArgadarzana taLe trIseka jeTalA vidyArthIoe pIeca.DI.nI padavI meLavI hatI. emaNe 38 jeTalAM pustako lakhyAM hatAM, jemAM 'tara keTalAM pustako lakhyAM hatAM. jemAM 'taravAnI kaLA'. "parAvavidyA'. 'varNaka samaya' vagere noMdhapAtra che. aMgrejI bhASAmAM paNa temaNe karelAM ukhananonA hevAlarUpe keTalAMka pustako lakhyAM. temaNe aMgrejI ane gujarAtImAM 300 jeTalA lekho lakhIne itihAsa, purAvastuvidyA ane bhAratIya saMskRtinAM noMdhapAtra pAsAMo upara prakAza nAMkhyo che. purAvastuvid tarIke emaNe gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza vagere vistAromAM prAgaitihAsika tathA aitihAsika sthaLonI tapAsa karI hatI, jemAM devanI morI, nagarA, valabhIpura ane cAMpAnera ullekhapAtra che. temaNe mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA purAvastuvidyA vibhAga dvArA prakAzita thayelA utnananane lagatA graMtho vaDe tene AMtararASTrIya khyAti apAvI. teozrInA netRtva taLe karAyelAM utpanano prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, * prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAga, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda-380 014 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 82 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRti tathA purAvastuvidyAnA abhyAsamAM sImAcihnarUpa banI rahyA. 1962-63nA devanI morInA utpananamAMthI svayaM bhagavAna buddhanAM asthinA zArIrika avazeSa dharAvatuM asthipAtra maLI AvyuM. jhakhaDAnA utnanane sAbita karyuM ke uttara gujarAtanA pazcima bAjunA AchA retALa tUvA para taLAva kinAre tAmrAzya saMskRtino vikAsa thayo hato temaja haDappA saMskRtinA vikAsa tathA prastAranI zakyatAo paNa puravAra thaI zakI hatI. A uparAMta purANono abhyAsa ane prAcIna nagaranA nagara-Ayojana tathA purAvastukIya samanvaya dvArA nagarA, valabhIpura, vaDanagara, amadAvAda, vaDodarA vagere prAcIna nagaro vize samagra jIvanakALa daramyAna emaNe karelAM sthaLanAmo vizenAM saMzodhano tathA anubhavonA nicoDarUpa emaNe aneka saMzodhanAtmaka pustako prasiddha karyA che. DaoN. 2. nA. mahetAnI purAvastuvida tarIkenI saMniSTha kAmagIrI ane te aMgenI dhagazane biradAvavA temane narmada suvarNacaMdraka enAyata karavAmAM Avelo. gujarAta sarakAre paNa temanA purAvastuvidyA pustaka mATe eNvorDa ApI sanmAnyA hatA. gujarAta sAhityasabhAe paNa temane raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka ApI navAjyA hatA. rASTrIya anudAna AyoganuM vyAkhyAtA pada pAmanAra Do. 2. nA mahetA 74 varSanI vaye paNa eka capaLa prophesaranI tatparatA ane utsAhathI anekavidha viSayo para carcA karatA hatA. teonI saMzodhana aMgenI AtmasUjha tathA draSTi ananya hatI. teo mAtRbhASA gujarAtI uparAMta hindI, urdu, aMgrejI, saMskRta, arabI, phArasI, prAkRta, jUnI gujarAtI, ardhamAgadhI jevI aneka bhASAonA jANakAra hatA, je temanA saMzodhanomAM temanI sAthI banI rahI. 22 jAnyuArI, 1997 nA roja temano jIvanadIpa bujhAyo tyAM sudhI teo aviratapaNe saMzodhana pravRttimAM gaLADUba rahyA hatA. saMzodhananA AvA kaparA ane jaTila kSetramAM kAryarata evA DaoN. 2. nA. mahetA svabhAve ramujI, kheladila ane premALa vyaktitva dharAvatA hatA. "temanA cuMbakIya vyaktitve ijanero, ArkiTekTa, rasAyaNavida, prANIzAstrI, bhUstarazAstrI, myujhiyamapremI saune purAvastuvidyA zIkhavA preryA hatA" tevuM zrI esa. ke bhaumikanuM kathana sacoTa che. vI. eca. beDekare paNa temanA vize noMdhyuM che ke, "DaoN. mahetA niraMtara AzAvAdI ane utsAhano cepa lagADe evA hatA. emanI daDhatA tathA siddhAMtaniSThA ajoDa hatI. gujarAtanI lokaparaMparAthI mAMDIne marAThI lAvaNI sudhdhAnuM jJAna teo dharAvatA. gujarAtamAM myujhiyamavidyA temaja myujhiyamonA vikAsamAM temano phALo ajoDa gaNAze." CURRICULUM VITAE Name : Ramanlal Nagarji Mehta Birth Place : Katar Gam Native Place : Moroli, Dist, Surat Date of Birth : 15th December, 1922 Educational Qualification: M.A., Ph.D., Diploma in Museology EXPERIENCE : F Served as a school teacher from 1944 to 1946 and thereafter from 1948 to 1949. Served the Calico Museum of textiles, Ahmedabad as the curator from 1949 to 1950. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 83 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Served the M.S.University of Baroda as Research scholar in the Department of Archaeology from 1950 to 1952. Served the M.S. University of Baroda as the lecturer in the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History from 1952 to 1958. Served the same University as the Reader in the same department from 1958 to 1962. Served the same University as the Professor and Head of the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History from 1962 to 1982. Served the faculty of Arts of the same University as the Dean from 1969 to 1975 and thereafter from 1980 to 1982 in addition of his duties as the Head of the Department of Archaeology and Antient History. He retired from the University services from 1983. He Served the Gujarat Vidyapitha, Ahmedabad as the visiting professor from 1984 to 1995. SPECIAL EXPERIENCE : He had started his work in the field of Archaeology from 1948 onwards. He directed the laboratory studies in the department of Archaeology for about two decades as the head of the department. He carried out research work in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhyapradesh. He contributed substantially in the field of prehistoric archaeology, Protohistoric and historical archaeology. He successfully carried out excavations at many places in Gujarat and Madhyapradesh independently. He earned national and international name and fame for his publications on excavation works he carried out at Devnimori, Nagara, Jokha, Champaner and Valabhipur. 7 He carried out extensive research work on place-names of Gujarat namely Baroda, Ahmedabad, Surat, Khambhat, Padra and other places, He carried out intensive research work on Vedas and Puranas. His work on Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Skanda Purana, Malla Purana, Saraswati Purana and Padma Purana are notworthy. He also carried out deep studies on Jain Agamas and Buddhist Tripitakas, He carried out research work on genesis and activities of the Baroda Museum and picture gallery, Baroda. ulas * u s - 4415-2113122-219*42, 2003 * 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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PUBLISHED WORK : 6 Prof. R. N. Mehta had earned the credit of writing more than 300 research papers. e Ho He authored more than 40 books written in English and Gujarati languages. Many of his books are now referred as text books and reference books in various Universities and Colleges of Gujarat and outside Gujarat. AWARD WINNER : 6 Prof. R.N.Mehta was the recipient of the NARMAD Gold Medal Award for his outstanding contributions in the academic field. He was the recipient of honour of the National scholar awarded by the U.G.C., Government of India, New Delhi for his outstanding contributions in the field of Archaeology. He was the recipient of the SANSKAR award which was conferred on him by the Government of Gujarat. TRAVEL : Prof. Mehta travelled extensively at the invitation of educational institutions and Universities of various countries of the world. He delivered series of lectures at the Universities and Museums of America, Europe including Russia and also Thailand as a visiting scholar. SPECIAL SERVICE RENDERED : Prof. Mehta served various Universities of India as the distinguished member of the board of studies namely the M.S. University of Baroda, the Gujarat University of Ahmedabad, Saurashtra University of Rajkot, the South Gujarat University of Surat, the S.P.University of Vidyanagar (Anand), the Poona University of Poona, the Nagpur University of Nagpur, the Kurukshetra University of Hariana, the Jodhpur University of Rajasthan and so on. He was associated with various research organizations of India as the distinguished member namely, the Archaeological Society of India, the Indian History and Culture Society, the Indian Society of Prehistory and Quatemary Studies, the All India Oriental Congress, the All India History Congress, the Place-Name Society of India, the Archival Society of India, the Gujarat Itihas Parishad, the Saurashtra Itihas Parishad etc. He chaired a number of Academic conferences. He chaired the prehistoric section of the Boreli conference of the Indian society for prehistoric and Quatemary studies. He chaired the medieval history section of the Gorakhpur conference of the ulas Aulas - TuS-ski"l22-712812, 2003 * 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Indian History congress. He presided over the early historic section of the Kurukshetra conference of the All Indian Oriental Studies. He presided over the section of the place-names of westem India towns of the Bangalore conference on place-names of India organised by the placename society of India. He served the following well known organizations as the distinguished vice-president for many years. The Archaeological Society of India. The Indian History and Culture Society. International Society of Naturalists. " He served the All India Science Congress as the Secretary during the Ahmedabad Conference on the subject. "He Served Government and Non-Government Educational Institutions as the expert member and distinguished Advisor for many years. He served the Central advisory board of Archaeology, New Delhi as the distinguished expert member for many years. (c) He served the Archaeological advisory committee of the Gujarat Gover ment as the expert member for many years. He served the Museum advisory committee of the Gujarat Government as the expert member for many years. He served the Archival advisory committee of the Gujarat Government as the expert member for many years. He served the governing council of the L.D.Institute of Indology and L.D. Museum, Ahmedabad as the expert member for many years. He served the governing council of the Sarabhai Foundation, Ahmedabad as the distinguished member for many years. He revived the Museum Association of Gujarat (MAG) and served as the president of the MAG till he breathed his last on January 22, 1997. GUIDE FOR Ph.D. RESEARCH : Prof. Mehta ably and squarely guided Ph.D. students drawn from various Universities of India, Nearly 30 Ph.D. students received their Ph.D. degree under his guidance. ulso duulas - gu S-410122-2423642, 2003 * CE For Private and Personal Use Only

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LECTURE SERIES : He delivered series of lectures in various Universities of India and Abroad. He delivered series of lectures at the national and international level at the invitations of various Universities of India and foreign countries on India Archaeology, Indian History and Culture. He also delivered series of popular lecturers at the invitation of Lion's Club, Rotary Club of various places of India on subjects like Indology, Indian culture, History and Archaeology. He delivered a number of lectures on the occasion of the centenary celebration of the Baroda Museum during the centenary year 1994-1995. Reference : Legacy of a Luminary (Prof. R. N. Mehta Commemoration Volume, Museum Association of Gujarat, Vadodara-2000) ulus dhults - 7418-2HDOLEZ-2413342, 2003 * 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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DaoN. jheDa. e. dezAI vAya.ema.cItalavAlA * DaoN.jheDa.e dezAI (jhIyAudIna abdulahaI dezAI)nA amadAvAda mukAme 77 varSanI vaye thayelA avasAnathI bhAratIya purAtattva kSetre eka na pUrI zakAya tevI khoTa paDI che. DaoN. dezAI arabI-phArasI lipinA eka mAnanIya tajJa ane abhilekhavida hatA. Aryolojikala sarvenI phArasI-arabI abhilekhavighA zAkhAnA teoe varSo sudhI niyAmaka rahI mahattvano phALo Apyo hato, ane kadAca bhAratanA ekamAtra evA vidvAna hatA ke je prAcIna arabI ke kUphI lipi ukelI zakatA. - dezAI sAhebano janma dhaMdhukAmAM eka madhyamavargIya kuTuMbamAM thayelo. AdAba, abhyAsa ane UMDuM ciMtana e temane vArasAmAM maLelA guNo hatA jenI mahekano ahesAsa temanA vyaktitvamAM ane rojabarojanA jIvanamAM thato. atyaMta sAlasa ane mRdubhASI, teo haMmezA abhilekhavidyA ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa vize navo prakAza pheMkavA utsuka rahetA. dezAI sAhebe gujarAta kolejamAMthI phArasInA viSaya sAthe ema.e. sudhIno abhyAsa karyo. saMzodhana karavAnA AzayathI 1959 mAM akabaranA eka navaratna phaijhInAM kAvyo para mahAnibaMdha lakhI IrAnanI taherAna yunivarsiTImAMthI DI.liTa.nI DigrI meLavI. ahIM e yAda ApavuM jarUrI che ke pIeca.DI.nI upAdhinI sarakhAmaNIe DI.liTa.nI upAdhinuM mahattva vizeSa che. te pachI (1947) teoe arabI-phArasInA vyAkhyAtA tarIke judI judI kolejomAM sevAo ApI. 1953 thI teo ortholojikala sarve opha inDiyAnI nAgapura sthita abhilekhavidyA zAkhAmAM joDAyA ane 1977 thI 1983 sudhI teoe brAncanA niyAmaka tarIke rahI mahattvanuM pradAna kareluM. arabI-phArasI abhilekhonI zodhamAM temaNe bhAratanAM ghaNAM sthaLonI mulAkAta lIdhelI. gujarAtamAM kacchamAM Avela bhadrezvaranA 11mI-1ramI sadInA phUphI bhASAnA abhilekhono talasparzI abhyAsa karI, prAraMbhamAM pazcima bhArata sAthe Arabone vyApArI dhoraNe saMbaMdho hatA. te bAbata para prakAza pheMkyo. tad uparAMta gujarAta saurASTranA prabhAsapATaNa, mALiyA, kutiyANA, khaMbhAta, ghoghA vagere jagAoe AvelA phArasI-arabI abhilekhonuM adhyayana karI keTalIka navI aitihAsika hakIkato bahAra lAvavAmAM madadarUpa thayA. udAharaNarUpe khaMbhAtamAMthI traNa choDI mukAelA gulAmonA abhilekho che, jenAM nAma bAmanI, irabIlI ane Alamagara che. temanA lekhomAM teoe agAu gulAma hovAnI hakIkata chupAvI nathI. je parathI lAge che ke te samaye gulAma hovuM te bAbata koIne zaramajanaka nahotI lAgatI ane AvA loko svataMtra thatAM sahelAIthI samAjamAM ekarasa thaI jatA. dezAI sAheba abhilekhonI zodhamAM lAMbA pravAso kheDatA. sane 1984mAM teo rAjakoTa AvelA. huM rAjakoTa jillAnA dhorAjI gAme hovAthI tyAMnI eka jUnI masjidamAM arabI bhASI zilAlekha hovAnI mane jANa hatI. dezAI sAhebe dhorAjI javAnI taiyArI batAvI ane ame te masjidamAM pahoMcyA. paNa aphasosa, te masjidanA kAryakaroe te zilAlekha para simenTanuM plAsTara coDI dIdheluM. paNa dezAI sAhebe A phogaTanA pherA mATe koI aNagamo na batAvyo. UlTAnuM "AvuM to mArI sAthe avAra-navAra bane che" kahI sthitine haLavAzathI lIdhI. jyAM sudhI gujarAtanA itihAsano prazna che. arabI-phArasI grotomAM mirAte ahamadI ane mirAte sikaMdarIne sau koI TAMke che. paNa dezAI sAhebe potAnA lAMbA saMzodhanane AdhAre batAvyuM ke bIjA aneka graMthomAM gujarAtanA itihAsa aMgenAM lakhANo che. udAharaNa rUpe tArIkhe-ehamadazAhI, mAthIre-mohamada zAhI, tArIkhe* nivRtta adhIkSaka, pazcima vartuLa, purAtattva khAtuM, gujarAta rAjaya, rAjakoTa pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 88 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mujhaphphara zAhI, tArIkhe bahAdura zAhI, ane mIra turAbaalI likhita tArIkhe-gujarAta tarapha DaoN. dezAIe ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM che. taduparAMta tArIkhe-soraTha, sArAbhAI mahetA likhita hakIkata-sarakAre gAIkavAra (1818), kumArajI jAdava likhita kacchanA jADejAonA itihAsano phArasI tarajumo-nasabanAmA e-jADejA, tArIkhe-marAThAdara-gujarAta, ane zaikha bahAdure suratanA sUphI saMto, oliyA ane pramukha umarAvo ane temanA kuTuMba aMgenI mAhitI-guladaste-sulAhai-suratamAM ApelI che. DaoN. dezAIe aneka rASTrIya ane AMtararASTrIya seminAromAM bhAga lIdhelo. temaNe IrAna, pAkistAna, aphaghAnistAnano pravAsa kheDI tyAMnA abhilekho, prAcIna sikkA ane sthApatyano abhyAsa karelo temaNe 24 graMtho ane saMkhyAbaMdha saMzodhana-lekho prakAzita karelA. 1983mAM rASTrapatino suvarNa evaoNrDa temane enAyata karAelo. 1995mAM gujarAta urdU eNkeDemIno eNvorDa, TesiTorI golDa meDala ane sa2 jadunAtha sarakAra suvarNacaMdrakathI temane navAjavAmAM AvelA. DaoN. dezAInA nidhanathI eka bahumukhI pratibhA, abhilekhavidyAnA tajJa ane urdU, phArasI, arabI bhASAnA vidvAne ApaNI vaccethI rukhasata lIdhI che. Izvara temane jannata nasIba kare. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 89 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattva-jagatanA tAralAo DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA bhAratIya saMskRti ane itihAsa jANavAnAM vividha sAdhanomAM sAhityika ane purAvazeSIya purAvAo mahattvanA gaNAya che. emAM paNa itihAsanA khUTatA aMkoDA joDavAmAM purAvastu-sAmagrI ghaNI ja upayogI nIvaDe che. A sAmagrInA UMDA abhyAsI ane vaijJAnika paddhatie mUlyAMkana ane saMzodhana karanAra purAtattvavida' kahevAya che. purAtattvanuM kSetra ghaNuM vizALa che. emAM prAcIna vasAhatIonI saMskRtinA abhyAsI ane vejJAnika paddhatithI tAraNa kADhI jANanAra ja A kSetramAM nipuNatA prApta kare che. zodhakhoLanI dRSTi ane bhAre parizrama ane rajhaLapATanI vRtti dharAvanArI temaja niSpakSa saMzodhanAtmaka abhigamavALI vyaktio ja A kSetramAM saphaLatA hAsala kare che. purAvazeSIya sAmagrI aMtargata-ukhanana, tenI paddhati, stara pramANe kAlanirNaya. vasAhata ane vasAhatIonA itihAsa-saMskRti jJAna, tathA anya upalabdha AnuSaMgika sAmagrI zilpa-sthApatya, abhilekha, sikkAo vagerenuM jJAna paNa Avazyaka manAya che. A prakAranA abhyAsavALA keTalAka mahAnubhAvo bhArata ane gujarAtamAM purAtattvakSetre karelI kAmagIrIthI AMtararASTrIya khyAti prApta karI zakyA hatA. DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI : DaoN. hIrAnaMda zAstrI bhArata sarakAranA prAcIna lekhAdhikArI (Government Epigraphist) tarIke kAmagIrI karatA hatA. A jagAthI nivRtta thayA pachI 1934 mAM teo vaDodarA rAjayanA purAtattva khAtAnA saMcAlaka tarIke saMzodhana kAryamAM joDAyA. 1933mAM vaDodarAmAM akhila hiMda prAcya pariSadanA sAtamA adhivezana prasaMge zrI sayAjIrAva gAyakavADane vaDodarA rAjayamAM saMzodhananI pragati mATe preraNA thayelI, tenA pariNAme vaDodarA rAjaye 1934mAM navembarathI purAtattva khAtuM kholyuM hatuM. purAtattvakhAtAnA saMcAlaka tarIke DaoN hIrAnaMda gujarAtamAM khAsa karIne vaDodarA rAjyamAM prAcIna sthaLono pravAsa karatA temaja mUrti, sthApatya, utkIrNa lekho ane sikkAonuM nirIkSaNa-saMrakSaNa paNa karatA. paraMtu temanI saMzodhanavRtti khAsa khodakAmamAM kendrita hatI. vaDodarA rAjyamAM emaNe cAra sthaLoe khodakAma karAvIne tyAMnA bhUgarbhamAM rahelA purAtana avazeSone prakAzamAM lAvavA prayAsa karyo hato. utnanananA A prayogano AraMbha emaNe 1945mAM amarelInA gohilavADa TIMbAmAM karyo. jyAMthI 1945 mAM valabhInA rAjA kharagraha 1lAnuM (valabhI) saMvata 297 nuM tAmrapatra maLI AvyuM hatuM. ahIMthI utpanana daramyAna vAsaNo, pUtaLIo, baMgaDIo, ITo vagere uparAMta kSatrapo ane guNonA ghaNA sikkAo paNa maLyA che. emaNe ukhanananuM bIjuM sthaLa koDInAra najIkanuM mULa dvArakA pasaMda karyuM hatuM. bhAgavatamAM AvatI hakIkatane AdhAre teo mAnatA ke dvArakA maMdira sivAya bAkInI dvArakA samudramAM DUbI gayelI te A mULa dvArakAnI jagA hovI joIe. 1935-3mAM tyAM emane thoDI imArato ane hanumAnanI eka prAcIna pratimA maLI hatI. A varSe emaNe navasArI prAMtanA kAmarejamAM paNa utpanana karAvyuM. tyAM emane prAcIna kArdApaNa ghaNI saMkhyAmAM maLyA. bIje varSe 1936-37mAM emaNe pATaNamAM siddharAja solaMkInA samayanA sahastraliMga taLAvanuM khodakAma zarU karAvyuM. tyAM 25 phUTa jeTalI UMDAIe prAcIna taLAvanA ghATanAM pagathiyAM ane devAlayonA staMbho maLI AvyA. sahasraliMga taLAvanuM utpanana e emanA saMzodhananI kalagI rUpa hatuM. * adhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 90 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A uparAMta emane graMthastha saMzodhanamAM paNa UMDo rasa hato. gAyakavADa purAtattva graMthamALAnAM sacitra pustakomAM 'vikasita bhAratIya citrakaLA', 'giranAra parano azokano khaDakI, pratApasiMha mahArAja rAjyAbhiSeka graMthamALAnAM prAcIna vijJaptipatro ane The Ruins of Dabhoi (1940) e emanI kRtio che, je emanA jJAnarasanAM vividha kSetro sUcave che. 1940-41mAM gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInA anusnAtaka-saMzodhana vibhAganA Azraye emaNe amadAvAdamAM je vyAkhyAnamALA ApI hatI, temAM emaNe hiMdanA ane vizeSataH gujarAta-kAThiyAvADanA purAtattva temaja sAMskRtika itihAsanuM nirUpaNa karyuM hatuM. A vyAkhyAno "purAtattva ane prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa"nA nAma varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe pragaTa karyA che. DaoN. hIrAnaMdanI vidvattAnI kadara rUpe teone arpalI upAdhi pramANe kharekhara teo jJAnaratna' hatA. teonuM oNgasTa, 1946mAM avasAna thayuM. zrIkAzInAtha nArAyaNa dIkSita (I.sa. 1889-1946) : kAzInAthano janma 21 oNkTobara, 1889mAM mahArASTramAM paMDharapuramAM thayo hato. paMDharapuramAM prAthamika ane sAMgalImAM mAdhyamika zikSaNa lIdhA bAda muMbaI yunivarsiTInI ema.e. (saMskRta)nI parIkSA guNavattA sahita pasAra karI pAritoSika meLavyA. 1912mAM purAtattva khAtAmAM joDAIne muMbaI ane lakhanau saMgrahAlayonA kyureTara tarIke prazaMsanIya sevA bajAvI. 1920mAM ArkiyolojIkala sarve oNv inDiyAnA suparinTenDanTa tarIke nimAyA bAda mohe-jo-daDo tathA pahADapuranA utpananamAM joDAyA. 1922mAM siMdhamAM moheM-jo-daDonI purAtana saMskRtinI zodha thaI, tyAre dIkSita paNa te amUlya saMzodhana kAryamAM joDAyA. 1924-25nI mosamanuM ukhanana kArya emanA saMcAlana mujaba thayuM hatuM. sara jona mArzala ane mekenA netRtvakALa daramyAna paNa zrI dIkSite potAnuM kAma cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. daramyAna emane bihAra ane baMgALamAM utpanana mATe javAnuM thayuM tyAMthI teo AsAmamAM paNa saMzodhanArthe gayelA. 1937mAM bhArata sarakAre emanI pratibhAnI kadara karI emanI DirekTara janarala o ArkiyolojInA hodA nimaNUka thaI. ArkiyolojIkala sarve ova inDiyAno hevAla, pahADapuranA khodakAmane lagatuM temanuM saMzodhana ane 'mohabAnI cha zilpakRtio uparAMta temaNe "opigrAphiyA iMDikA'mAM aneka zilAlekhonuM saMpAdana pragaTa karyuM. 1932mAM temaNe sarakArI lipizAstrI tarIke pharaja bajAvI. purAtattvanI vividha zAkhAo- lipi, abhilekha tathA sikkAzAstranA teo prakAMDa paMDita hatA. pazcimanA dezonAM aitihAsika saMgrahAlayo ane utpanana kAryonA vizeSa abhyAsa mATe temaNe iMglenDa, yuropanA dezo ane mesopoTemiyAno pravAsa karyo. temaNe nyumimeTika sosAyaTI oNv inDiyAnA adhyakSa tarIke varaso sudhI pharaja bajAvI. sikkAzAstrane lagatA aneka lekho temaNe pragaTa karyA che. saMgrahAlayonA akhila bhAratIya saMghanI temaNe sthApanA karI ane tenA adhyakSa tarIke kArya karyuM. zrI dIkSitanA purAtattvanA khAtAnA saMcAlanakALa daramyAna temaja te pachI nivRttikALamAM paNa temaNe gujarAtamAM karelA saMzodhana paranA mArgadarzana mATe gujarAta haMmezA emanuM RNI raheze. 1941mAM emaNe pUnA, muMbaI, amadAvAda ane vaDodarAnI saMsthAonI madadathI DaoN. hasamukha sAMkaLiyAnA netRtva heThaLa traNa varSa sudhI sAbaramatI nadInA taTanA pradezamAM prAgaitihAsika purAtattva saMzodhananuM kArya karyuM. temanA mArgadarzana heThaLa sAbaramatInI khINamAM prAgaitihAsika yuganA mAnavanAM ojAro tathA avazeSo utpanana dvArA zodhavAmAM AvyA. 1945mAM kolhApuramAMnA brahmapurI ukhanana kAryamAM temaNe mArgadarzana pUruM pADeluM. temanI itihAsaviSayaka sevAonI kadara karIne 1934mAM iMDiyana hisTarI koMgresanA alIgaDhamAM maLelA adhivezanamAM temane pramukha banAvavAmAM AvyA. madrAsa yunivarsiTImAM 1935mAM temaNe ApelAM vidvattApUrNa pathika - vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 91 For Private and Personal Use Only

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meyara lekjharsane kAraNe temanI pratiSThA vadhI. teo aMgrejI, marAThI, hiMdI, urdu, baMgALI vagere bhASAo jANatA hatA. tethI dareka prAMtanA saMgrahAlaya ane purAtattva vize temanI pAse AdhArabhUta vigata hatI. temaNe navI peDhInA purAtattvavido taiyAra karyA. zrI dIkSite gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTImAM itihAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAga kholavA ane tene vikasAvavA mATe ghaNuM preraNAtmaka dizAsUcana kareluM. temane gujarAtanA saMzodhako mATe ghaNo bhAva hato. Do.sAMkaLiyAne teo dareka kAryakSetramAM madada karatA. gujarAta sAhitya sabhA taraphathI zrI amRta paMDyAne temaja gujarAta varnAka sosAyaTI taraphathI DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrIne saMzodhana kArya kSetranI tAlIma ApavAmAM emaNe ghaNo rasa dAkhavelo. gujarAta mATe amadAvAdamAM saMgrahasthAna sthApavA mATe teo zikSaNavido ane purAtattvakSetre rasa dharAvanArA mahAnubhAvo sAthe vicAra-vimarza karatA gujarAtanA purAtattva kSetranA vikAsa mATe vizeSa rasa dharAvanAra zrI dIkSitanuM 13 ogasTa, 1946mAM avasAna thayuM. paM. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA (1863-1947) : zrI gaurIzaMkarano janma (1863) zirohI rAjayamAM thayo hato, paNa teonI vidyAbhyAsanI kArakirdI amadAvAda ane muMbaImAM pasAra thaI hovAthI teo gujarAtI jevA paNa hatA. 1908mAM teo ajameranA rAjaputAnA saMgrahasthAnanA saMcAlaka nimAyA. te agAuthI teo hiMdanI prAcIna lipionA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. prAcIna lipi vidyA upara sahuthI prathama temanuM "navIna feifpamAnA'' pustaka taiyAra thayuM. 1918mAM tenI bIjI vistRta AvRtti prakAzita thaI. A graMthamAM temaNe soLamA saikA sudhInI tamAma prAcIna lipionA namUnAo ApyA che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa hiMdanI jUnI navI lipionI utpatti temaja saMkrAMti paNa AlekhI che. hiMdanA sAhityamAM A kSetramAM hajI A graMtha advitIya rahyo che te batAve che ke Avo graMtha taiyAra karavAmAM keTalo parizrama levo paDe che. rAjaputAnA saMgrahasthAnanA saMzodhana kAryanA niSkarSa rUpe temaNe 1926-32mAM 'rAnaputAne tihAsa" cAra khaMDamAM taiyAra karyo. hiMdustAnI ekeDemI taraphathI mahAmahopAdhyAya gaurIzaMkare "rAjapUtakALanI bhAratIya saMskRti" para traNa vyAkhyAno taiyAra karyA hatA, teno anuvAda gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe 1933mAM prasiddha karela che. rAjaputAnA purAtattva-saMzodhanamAM teo kImatI phALo ApatA. paDozanA gujarAta prAMtanA prAcIna itihAsamAM paNa teo UMDo rasa dharAvatA. AthI navamI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade (naDiyAda-1928) ItihAsa vibhAganA pramukha tarIke temanI varaNI karI hatI. te prasaMganA vyAkhyAnamAM temaNe vizeSataH gujarAtanA itihAsanuM talasparzI samIkSaNa karyuM hatuM. bhAratIya purAtattvakSetranA jANItA saMzodhaka mahAmahopAdhyAya rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA tA, 17-4-1947nA roja 84 varSanI vaye avasAna pAmyA. zrI rAmalAla cunIlAla modI : zrI rAmalAla modIno janma tA. 24-7-1890 nA roja pATaNanA vAyaDA vaNika kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. 1908mAM pATaNamAM meTrikyulezana ane skUlaphAinalanI parIkSAo pAsa karI hatI. Arthika paristhitine kAraNe ucca abhyAsa karI zakyA nahi. te pachI teo vaDodarA rAjyanA keLavaNI khAtAmAM zikSaka tarIke joDAyA hatA. temaNe jIvana paryata zikSakanI nokarI karI hatI. zrI rAmalAla modInA priya viSayo prAcIna sAhitya ane itihAsa-purAtattvanuM saMzodhana hatA. meTrika pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 92 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAsa thayA agAu 1909 mAM 'gujarAtI zabdakoSa' viSayaka lekha buddhiprakAzamAM lakhIne sAhityasevAno prAraMbha karyo hato. 1910 mAM 'gujarAtI' mAsikamAM 'eka navIna aitihAsika zilAlekha' nuM saMpAdana ane tenuM aitihAsika vivecana kareluM. ATalI nAnI vaye paNa itihAsa ane prAcIna sAhitya jevA viSayomAM emanI paripakva ane samatola daSTi vyakta thAya che. tyAra pachI gujarAtanAM ziSTa mAsika-traimAsika ane sAptAhikomAM maulika saMzodhanAtmaka lekho lakhIne temaja pustako taiyAra karIne temaNe lekhanakArya aviratapaNe cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. saMskRta sAhitya ane jUnI gujarAtIno abhyAsa temaNe ApasUjhathI karelo. teo pATaNanA sArvajanika graMthAlayanA maMtrIpade hatA e daramyAna tyAMno graMthasaMgraha koI pratiSThita saMzodhana saMsthAne mAna apAve evo kiMmatI banAvyo hato. teo pATaNanA vatanI hoI pATaNanI prAcIna sAhityika pravRtti vize emanuM jJAna ane mAhitI paNa bahoLI hatI. te sAthe pATaNanA prAcIna itihAsa-purAtattva viSayamAM temano abhyAsa prazaMsanIya hato. emanA cAvaDAo ane solaMkI rAjavaMzo vizenA lekho uparAMta gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe mahattvanA utkIrNa lekho aMge keTaluMka uttama saMzodhana karyuM hatuM. temaNe kareluM saMpAdana-kArya paNa vidvAnomAM prazaMsA pAmeluM. vAyaDAonA jJAtipurANa saMskRta "vAyupurANa"nuM temanuM saMpAdana gujarAtanA sAmAjika itihAsamAM moTuM pradAna gaNAya che. temanA moTA bhAganA lekho paikI ghaNAkharAmAM saMzodhanaSTie kaMika navuM ja saMzodhana, dRSTibiMdu, navI vigata ke navI rajUAta che. emanA 'hemacaMdra : itihAsakAra', 'dharmAraNyamAM aitihAsika tattva', 'prasiddha itihAsakAra jadunAtha sarakAranuM caritra vIsamI sadI' 1918mAM lakhyuM hatuM. tenuM marAThI bhASAMtara thayuM hatuM. prAcIna pATaNa vizenA lekho vagere temanI aitihAsika vivecana paddhatinA uttama namUnAo che. 1945 thI 1950 sudhImAM itihAsanA viSayamAM sAruM saMzodhana karavA mATe temane 'narmada suvarNa caMdraka' enAyata karavAmAM Avyo hato. zrI rAmalAla modInA mahattvanA gaNI zakAya evA lekhono 'lekha-saMgraha bhAga-1' 1953mAM ane bhAga-2, 1965mAM pustaka rUpe pragaTa karavAmAM AvyA. lagabhaga cAlIsa varSa sudhI gujarAtI purAtattvanI satata sevA bajAvanAra mitabhASI vidvAnanuM avasAna saM. 2005nA caitra suda 12nA roja rAjakoTa mukAme thayuM hatuM. sva. rAmalAla modIe kareluM saMzodhana bahumUlya che. gujarAtI sAhitya ane itihAsa-purAtattvamAM temaNe Apelo phALo viziSTa che. emanA jIvanakAryathI bIjAne preraNA maLe tema che. purAtattvavettA zrI vijyazaMkara gaurIzaMkara u. ojhA : bhAvanagaranA mukhya dIvAna rA.rA. gaurIzaMkara udayazaMkara ojhAnA putra zrI vijyazaMkara gau. ojhA saMzodhana rasika temaja purAtattvavettA hatA. teo prAcIna lekha-saMgrahonA be bhAga pragaTa karIne temaja bhAvanagara vageremAM anya aitihAsika ane purAtattva viSayaka saMzodhananA kAryathI gujarAtamAM ja nahIM, paNa muMbaI ilAkAmAM suprasiddha thayA hatA. dezI rAjyone purAtattvanI vastuo ane sAmagrIono saMgraha karavAno mArga sUcavanArA teo pahelA ja darzaka hatA. teo paNa bhAvanagaranA mukhya dIvAna hatA. saMdarbha graMtho 1. zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika, pu. 3, aMka 1, eprila-jUna, 1938 1. pu.4, aMka 3, 1939, pR. 397 3. prajAbaMdhu, oNgasTa, 1946 4, buddhiprakAza, pu. 96, aMka 4, eprila, 1949 ", gujarAtI vizvakoza, graMtha 9, pR. 279 pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 93 For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsavida bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir DaoN. ramezakAMta go. parIkha saurASTranA itihAsanA abhyAsIomAM bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAmanuM nAma "saurASTra dezanA itihAsa" lekhaka tarIke jANItuM che. emanA jIvana ane kArya vize mAhitI meLavavA huM prayatnazIla hato. muMbaIma I.sa.1880 thI zarU thayela khyAtanAma sAmayika 'gujarAtI"no saMvata 1967 : I.sa. 1912 no divALIna khAsa aMka mArA jovAmAM Avyo. temAM sAmayikanA taMtrI-saMpAdaka taraphathI bhagavAnalAle pote lakhe jIvanacaritramAMthI keTaloka utAro pragaTa karelo jovA maLatAM lAgyuM ke temAMthI bhagavAnalAlanI kArakirdI ane itihAsa lekhana-kArya aMge TUMkamAM saMkalita karIne lekharUpe lakhavAmAM Ave to itihAsanA abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDI zake. bhagavAnalAle potAnuM jIvanacaritra temanA jIvananAM chellAM varSomAM lakheluM che. temAM emanI kArakirdImAM AvelAM jhaDapI parivartano, jUnAgaDha rAjyanI prajA para rAjya taraphathI AcaravAmAM AvatA jorajulamo, sAmayika tahevAro, rAjaya ane rAjakIya sthitimAM asthiratA vagere bAbato AvarI levAI che. A lekhamAM jyAM yogya lAgyuM che tyAM bhagavAnalAlanA potAnA ja zabdo yathAvat mUkyA che. bhagavAnalAlano janma jUnAgaDhamAM vi.saM.1893 : I.sa.1837 nA caitra suda 15nA roja thayo. temanI AThamI peDhInA ladhAmala lakhanora zaheramAM vasatA. e pachI sadhAmala, pArUmala ane halIcaMda thayA. halIcade lakhanora choDyuM ane nijhAmanA haidarAbAda zaheramAM jyAM kSatriyonI moTI vasatI hatI tyAM gayA. temanA dIkarA kevaLarAme haidarAbAda choDyuM ane surata AvyA. temane mAdhavarAma, paramezvarIdAsa ane zaMkaradAsa nAmanA putro thayA. zaMkaradAsa suratathI amadAvAda temaja haidarAbAda kAma prasaMge jatA-AvatA. chevaTe teo jUnAgaDha AvIne vasyA. zaMkaradAsanA putra jagajIvanadAsa jemane pAMca saMtAno hatAM. temAMnA eka saMpatarAma hatA. saMpatarAmanuM lagna harakha sAthe thayeluM. A lagnathI temane bhagavAnalAla (itihAsa lekhaka) nAme putra ane sAkara tathA rAjakuMvara nAmanI putrI thayAM. bhagavAnalAle bALapaNamAM jUnAgaDha rAjya taraphathI potAnA pitAne thatI satAmaNI ane julama joyAM. te lakhe che ke " mArA pitA saMpatarAma sTeTonA gAmonA ijArA rAkhatA, ane te sAthe paracUraNa nokarI paNa karatA. ijArAmAM navAbazrInuM devuM thavAthI navAba sAheba ahamadakhAnajInA rAjayamAM ane dIvAna anaMtajI amaracaMdanA kArabhArAmAM devuM patAvavA saMpatarAma para ghaNo julama thato. haMmezA mosalo kADhatA, cokImAM besADatA, tethI jUnAgaDhathI nAsI poliTikala ejeMTanI savArImAM vasatA.' saMpatarAma para rAjya taraphathI thatI raMjADanA kAraNe temanA bhAI mULazaMkara rakhene potAnA para Aphata AvI paDe te DarathI judA rahetA chatAM saMkaTanA samaye teo saMpatarAmane ghera sIdhuM-sAmAna zAkabhAjI vagere pahoMcADatA. temanI baheno kesara ane rAjakuMvaranAM lagnano temaja saMpatarAmanI maraNakriyAno varSo sudhIno kharca temaNe karyo hato. navAba ahamadakhAnajI (hamIdakhAnajI) gujarI gayA bAda sagIra vayanA mahobata khAnajI (I.sa. 1851-82) navAba banyA. temanA zikSaNa mATe bharUca suratanA kSatriya prANalAla mathurAdAsa TyuTara nimAyA. prANalAle jUnAgaDha AvI gujarAtI zALA zarU karI, je A vistAramAM sau prathama hatI. temAM dAkhala karAyelA * nivRtta, prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTasapTembara, 2003 0 94 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pacAsa chokarAomAM bhagavAnalAla eka hatA. bhagavAnalAla lakhe che ke "cAra mahinA pachI karnala loMga parIkSA levA AvyA tyAra anaMtajI, navAba sAheba, tathA bIjA ghaNA loko beThA hatA tyAre gujarAtImAM paMtiyALAmAM parIkSA lIdhI temAM mArA badhA javAba kharA AvyA. tyAre sAhebe bahu khuzI thaI pAghaDI tathA bIjAM inAmo ApyAM.'4 bhagavAnalAla tejasvI vidyArthI puravAra thatAM pitAnuM rAjyanuM devuM je vIza hajAra korI hatuM, te kadararUpe "loMga" (laMga) sAhebe mApha karyAnuM temaNe noMdhyuM che. jo ke rAjyanI gharajaptI thoDA samaya pachI, nAgara mahetA revAzaMkara amarajI bucanI sahAnubhUti ane bhalAmaNathI navAbe uThAvI lIdhI hatI. kAkA mULazaMkaranA avasAna pachI bhagavAnalAlane temanI dukAne besavuM paDyuM, kAraNa ke dukAnamAM kAkAe temano be AnI bhAga rAkhyo hato. " huM jayAre dukAne beTho tyAre lugaDAMnA gAMsaDA bAMdhI gAmamAM pherI karato, ane Avaro," khatAvI nathA meLa rAkhato. "thoDA samaya pachI jUnAgaDha AvelA 'loMga'" (laMga) sAheba, temane navAbanA kharce muMbaI abhyAsa mATe mokalavA bhalAmaNa karatAM. navAba sAhebe rUpiyA dazanI skolarazipa ApI. mane tathA dayAzaMkara jIvAlAlane muMbaI moklyA. verAvaLathI vahANamAM besI muMbaI gayA. prathama baMnnene kaoNlejamAM mokalyA, paNa tyAM cAlI na zakyAthI trIjA klAsamAM utAryA. traNa varSa pachI pAchA kaoNlejamAM AvyA. paNa kaoNlejanI pahelI parIkSA ApavA jatAM niSphaLa thayA.'' A samaye jUnAgaDhamAM paMcano vahIvaTa jato rahetAM navA taMtra heThaLa skolarazIpa baMdha thatAM, bhagavAnalAla ane dayAzaMkara jUnAgaDha pAchA AvyA ane rAjyanI nokarImAM rahyAM, paraMtu cha mahinA pachI vaLI pAcho rAjyataMtramAM pheraphAra thatAM "ame baMne paNa ghera beThA. pachI huM pAcho dukAne beTho. A vakhate vaDAdarAnA resiDenTa oNphTenaMTa alekajhAnDara vAkara sAhebanA riporTanuM hAthe lakheluM bhASAMtara vecyuM tathA mane rUA.sAtaso maLyA, ane pachI jUnAgaDha sTeTano nakzo kADhyo temAM paNa sArI rakama pedA karI, ane navAbanA dIvAna gokaLajIe so rUpiyA inAmanA ApyA, ane baMnnene pAchA nokarImAM dAkhala karyA. paNa pagAranuM nAma bAra mahine traNaso korI TharAvI, tethI ame nArAja thayA.'8 navAbanA TyUTara somanArAyaNa je muMbaI hatA, temanA kholAvavAthI bhagavAnalAla tathA dayAzaMkara muMbaI javA mATe rAjakoTanA raste nIkaLyA. rAjakoTamAM e vakhate prANalAla mathurAdAsa zikSaNa khAtAmAM insapekaTara hatA. temaNe A baMnene jo teo be mahinA tyAM rokAI jAya teA nokarI apAvavAnI khAtarI ApI. paraMtu bhagavAnalAla na rokAyA ane prANalAlanI bhalAmaNa paNa laI muMbaI javA nIkaLyA. e samaye amadAvAdathI relave Trena na hatI. tethI teo mahemadAvAdathI surata TrenamAM gayA ane suratathI AgaboTamAM muMbaI pahoMcyA. tyAM jhaverIlAla umiyAzaMkaranI rUno vepAra karatI kaMpanImAM rUpiyA pacIsanA pagArathI nokarIe rahyA. e samaye amerikAmAM AMtaravigraha (1861-65) zarU thatAM, kaMpanIne sAro napho thayo. bhagavAnalAlano pagAra rUpiyA pAMtrIsa karavAmAM Avyo. paraMtu jhaverIlAla sAthe sukhaDI. bAbatamAM takarAra paDatAM bhagavAnalAle rAjInAmuM ApyuM. grehAma nAmanI bIjI kaMpanImAM temane phA100- nA pagArathI bolAvavAmAM AvyA, paNa somanArAyaNe rUA-50/- no pagAra karAvI ApI na javA dIdhA. paraMtu evAmAM bIjI eka kaMpanIe rUA.100- nA pagArathI bhagavAnalAlane AvI javA kahevaDAvatAM, somanArAyaNe temano pagAra rUA.100/- karI Apyo ane jatAM aTakAvyA. A bAbatamAM bhagavAnalAlanI kAryakuzaLatA, aMgrejI patravyavahAra karavAnI kuneha tathA hisAbI kAmanI AvaDatanI kadara thatI atre jovA maLe che. amerikAmAM AMtaravigraha baMdha paDatAM rUnAM bajAra narama paDI gayAM, somanArAyaNanI peDhImAM khoTa gaI. e saMjogomAM somanArAyaNe bhagavAnalAlano rUA.100/- no pagAra bhAre paDatAM, rUA.50/- ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI. paNa bhagavAnalAle pagAra na letAM maphata kAma karavAnI taiyArI batAvI ane te sAthe dalAlI karavAnI paravAnagI ApavA kahyuM. ema karavAthI teone mahine rUA.125- jevI Avaka thavA lAgI. A arasAmAM bhagavAnalAlane aitihAsika purAvA ekatra karavA mATenI kAmagIrI karavA saMdezo Avyo. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 + 95 For Private and Personal Use Only

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teo lakhe che ke "rA.maNizaMkara jaTAzaMkara' kIkANIe jAmanagaranI gAdIe kALubhAne besADavA upayogI purAvA ekaThA karavAnA kAma bAbata mane rU. so tathA peTiyA sAthe nImavA kAgaLa lakhyo."12 AthI bhagavAnalAla muMbaI choDI, jAmanagaranI nokarImAM dAkhala thayA ane eka varSa nokarI karatAM karatAM vakIlanI parIkSAnI taiyAra karI. paraMtu rAjayanA kArabhArI sAthe pharavA javAmAM, parIkSA ApI na zakyA tethI rAjayanI nokarI choDI hAIkorTanI parIkSA ApavA muMbaI gayAM. daramiyAnamAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbanA TyuTara suMdarajI tathA jAdava mULajIe rUpiyA pAMca hajAra gokaLajI pAsethI meLavI, bhagavAnalAlane muMbaImAM chApakhAnuM kADhavA mATe pralobhana ApyuM. bhagavAnalAla lakhe che ke "kavi narmadAzaMkara ane bIjAonI sAthe" DAMDiyo" zarU , "InDiyana kriTika"mAM lakhavA mAMDayuM, eka marAThI peparano cIpha menejara ane eDiTara thayo. nyujhapeparonI sAthe copaDIe chApavAnuM kAma zarU karyuM."* chApAMone vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa khaMDerAva mahArAjAnA dIvAna bhAu siMdhiyA taraphathI nANAMkIya madada maLatI hatI. paraMtu khaMDerAvanA avasAna bAda malhArarAva gAyakavADa gAdIe Avata (1871-75), bhAu ziMdene ribAvI ribAvI mArI naMkhAtAM, nANAMkIya madada maLavI baMdha thatAM, bhagavAnalAla, bhAre nANAMkIya taMgImAM AvI paDyA, bhAre devuM thayuM. patAvaTa karavA takarAra cAlI. pariNAme chApakhAnuM baMdha karI, pharI dalAlIno dhaMdho zarU karyo. "teTalAmAM rAjakoTanA vakIla harizaMkara kothaLo AvI pahoMcyA. tenI salAhathI tamAma chApakhAnuM upADI muMbaInuM karaja kothaLAe cUkavyuM ane mane laIne rAjakoTa AvyA." rAjakoTamAM harizaMkara kothaLAnA nAmathI chApakhAnuM kholyuM ane ejansI vakIlAta mATe parIkSA ApI. paraMtu pariNAma Ave te pahelAM te muMbaI gayA ane rUno dhaMdho zarU karyo. teo pAsa thayA che evA samAcAra mokalavAnI sAthe harizaMkare rU. pa00/- mokalI ApyA ane rAjakoTa pAchA bolAvyA. rAjakoTamAM chApakhAnAnA dhaMdhAmAM mana lAgavAthI, keTALIne ghera beThA. eka vaiSNava mahArAje rUA. 50/- nA pagArathI vaiSNavanuM chApuM pragaTa karavA temane bolAvyA, paNa tyAM na jatAM, vakIlAtano vyavasAya bhAIzaMkara khuzAla sAthe rahIne karyo ane mahine rUpiyA traNaso-cAraso, jeTaluM kamAvA lAgyA. "A rIte vakIlAta zarU karatAM, mAruM lakhANa TUMkuM ane dalIlavALuM joI kenDI sAheba khuza thatA ane vadhAre pasaMda karatA." rAjakoTanA ThAkora vatI eka kesa saphaLatApUrvaka calAvyo ethI ThAkora khuza thayA hatA. vaLI e samayanA hAlAra prAMtanA AsisTanTa poliTikala ejanTa sAmana samakSa paNa keso calAvelA hatA. ethI sAmane rAjakoTanA ThAkorane bhalAmaNa karI ke bhagavAnalAlane nyAyAdhIzanI jagyA para nImavAmAM Ave. AthI bhagavAnalAlane rAjakoTanA sara nyAyAdhIza tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA. tenI sAthe temaNe "... rAjakoTa sTeTanA bhAyAtonAM gAmo ijAre rAkhI aMgrejI rIta pramANe akhatarA karI, rU tathA taMbAku vagerenA pAka mATe khAsa dhyAna ApavA mAMDyuM." temaNe berisTara horamasajI aradezara vADiyA sAthe rahIne saradhAranI pArTI bAbatano kesa ejansI adAlatamAM calAvyo jemAM rAjakoTanA ThAkoranI jIta thaI. e saMjogomAM temanA viruddha rajavADI khaTapaTa thatAM, traNa mAsanI rajA laI muMbaI javAnuM nakkI karI nIkaLyA. rAjakoTanA ThAkore temane bhalAmaNapatro lakhI ApelA, te sAthe rAkhyA. teo lakhe che ke "A patronI madadathI "temaja kAThiyAvADa, mahIkAMThA, revAkAMThAnA poliTikala ejanTonI madadathI e traNe prAMtamAM jAte pharyo, ane bhATa, bAroTa vagere loko pAsethI aitihAsika bAbato kaDhAvI. e sAdhano ghaNAM upayogI thaI paDyAM ane muMbaI rahyo. te daramiyAna "saurASTra dezano itihAsa" lakhI chapAvyo. e pustakane bhAvanagaranA dIvAna gaurIzaMkara ojhAne arpaNa karI te dvArA sArI rakama pedA karI zakyo. karnala vikaranA kAThiyAvADa saMbaMdhI kolakarAro, dastAvejo ane sanado hiMdusthAnanI sarakAranA phorena sekreTarI ecisananA aMgrejI saMgrahamAMthI bhASAMtara karI chApI vakIlAtanA abhyAsa mATe upayogI thaI paDe evo pInala koDano gujarAtI tArIja paNa chapAvyo."20 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 96 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A pachI ke daramiyAnamAM bhagavAnalAla navAbanA bhAyAta bAbI sulatAna mahammada zerakhAnajIne tyAM vakIlAtanA kAma aMge nokarIe rahyA. e sulatAnanAM keTalAMka gAmo sarakAre khAlasA karelAM hatAM, te sAme bhagavAnalAle kaoNrTamAM laDI, sadarahu gAme pAchAM apAvavA mahenata karI. pATaNanA hullaDa tophAnanA kesamAM musalamAnonI sAme hiMduo taraphathI vADiyA berisTara sAme vakIla tarIke kAmagIrI karI. Ama jUnAgaDha (muslima rAjya) sAme bhAga levAthI sTeTa vakIlAtanI sanada baMdha thaI, paNa divAna haridAsa vihArIdAsa desAIe daramiyAnagIrI karatAM te pAchI maLI. A pachI bhagavAnalAle khaDiyA ane rANapura darabAronA kAmadAra banI, jUnAgaDha A darabAronA pacAvI pADelA gAmagarAsa pAchA meLavavA, jUnAgaDha sAme laDyA, ane e darabArone sAro evo lAbha karAvI Apyo. bhagavAnalAla lakhe che ke "tenI sAthe DiyA tathA rANapuranAM ATha dasa gAma ijAre rAkhyAthI mane paNa sAro napho maLyo. temAMthI gujarAtamAM sANaMda sTezana pAse eka vaMzaparaMparAnA bhogavaTAnI jAgIra kharIda karI. chappaniyAthI e jAgIrane atonAta nukasAna thayuM che, paNa te pachI pAchI sudharatI Ave che.'' 21 aMtamAM bhagavAnalAla lakhe che "meM gujarAtano itihAsa paNa lakhyo hato. tenI be AvRtti khapI gaI che. trIjImAMnI nakalo haju paDI che. thoDA vakhata upara ja saurASTra dezanA itihAsanuM TUMkuM vRttAMta jUnAgaDhanA bAbI vaMzanA itihAsa sAthe chapAvyuM che, ane kAThiyAvADanAM bIjAM dezI rAjyonA itihAso paNa lakhI rAkhyA che. paNa chapAvI bahAra pADavA mATe avakAza ane sAdhanono joga thayo nathI.'22 e pachI temaNe potAnI sahI karI che. bhagavAnalAle be vAra lagna karyAM hatAM ane temanAthI thayelA cAra putro, jIvanavRttAMta lakhyuM tyAre hayAta hatA ema noMdhavAmAM AvyuM che. bhagavAnalAlanuM avasAna tA. 2-4-1910 nA roja thayuM. bhagavAnalAla AtmavRttAMtamAM je bAbato spaSTa dekhAI Ave che temAM dezI rajavADAMonI jorajulamonI paddhati, tejasvI nIvaDanAra vidyArthIone apAtAM protsAhana inAmo ane ziSyavRttio, jAheramAM levAtI parIkSA paddhati, rAjakhaTapaTo ityAdi gaNAvI zakAya. temanI potAnI kArakirdImAM paNa vAraMvAra vyavasAya badalavAno krama noMdhapAtra banI rahe che : vidyApremI ane abhyAsavRtti rAkhatA hovA chatAM, temane dukAnadAra banavuM paDyuM, rUnI dalAlIno dhaMdho karyo, patrakAritvanA kSetramAM jhaMpalAvyuM, vakIlAtano abhyAsa ane vyavasAya karyo, saranyAyAdhIza banyA, khetIvADImAM rU-taMbAkunA pAka Adhunika paddhatithI lIdhA, ane A badhAMnI sAthe sAthe temaNe itihAsa saMzodhana ane lekhana karavA mATe abhiruci keLavI gaNanApAtra phALo Apyo. alabatta, temaNe itihAsa aMge kareluM kArya Avaka meLavavAnA hetuthI karyuM hatuM ema paNa batAvI zakAya, chatAM temanI itihAsalekhananI pravRtti AvakAradAyaka to banI rahe che. bIjI je bAbata khAsa noMdhapAtra banI rahe che te bhagavAnalAlanI vAraMvAra atijhaDape vyavasAya badalavAnI rIta. AnuM kAraNa zuM hoI zake ? dezI rAjyanI ke dhaMdhAnI khaTapaTo temane vAraMvAra naDatI haze ke potAnA svabhAvanA kAraNe Ama thayeluM jovA maLe che, te tapAsano viSaya banI rahe che. pAdaTIpa 1. jUnAgaDhamAM A samaye hamIdakhAna bIjAnuM zAsana 1840-51 nuM hatuM. hamIdakhAnane badale ahIM ahamadakhAna lakhAyuM lAge che. bhagavAnalAlanA samayamAM ahamadakhAna nAme koI navAba thayelA nathI. 2. prastuta aMka, pR. 93 kolama 2 3. loMganuM nAma judI rIte lakhAyuM che. hakIkatamAM te karnala Dabalyu. leMga hatA je kAThiyAvADa poliTikala ejanTa tarIke 1845 thI 1859 sudhI rahyA hatA. 4. pR.94 kolama 1 pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 97 For Private and Personal Use Only

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5. Avaka jAvakanI khAtAvAra noMdhapothI. 6. pR.94, kaoN. 1 7. eNlekajhAMDara vokara vaDodarAmAM resiDenTa tarIke 1802 thI 1809 sudhI pachI 1810 mAM thoDA samaya mATe rahyA hatA. bhagavAnalAlanI kRtio vize maLelI mAhitI lekhanA aMte ApI che. 8. pR.94, kaoN. 1 9. dayAzaMkara rokAyA ane nokarImAM rahyA. pAchaLathI te DepyuTI sudhInI jagyAe pahoMcyA. 10. sukhaDI eTale vecelA mAlanI kiMmatamAMthI bakSisa peTe thoDI rakama kApIne ApavI te. 11. khAvA pUratuM kharca ke roja Apavo. 12. pR. 93-94. ko. 1-2. 14. I.sa. 1856-1870. 15. bhAu siMdhiyA nahi. paNa bhAu ziMde nAma hatuM. te 1867-69 daramiyAna dIvAna tarIke hatA. temane lAMca levA badala dIvAnapadethI baratarapha karAyA. paNa gupta salAhakAra tarIke cAlu rakhAyA hatA. 16. pR. 94, ko. 2. 17. jyuDisiyala esisTanTa, 18. A samayamAM rAjakoTa hAlAra prAMtamAM hatuM. 19. pR. 94, ko. 2 20. pR. 94, ko. 2 21. pR. 94, kau.2 22. ejana pathika traimAsika - julAI oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 98 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhagavAnalAla indrajI bhaTTa (i.sa. 1839-1888) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prA. manubhAI bI. zAha bhUmikA : purAtattvavida ane saMzodhananA jIva DaoN. bhAudAjInA parama priya ziSya tathA sahAyaka, zuddha, niSkalaMka ane udAra hRdaya dharAvanAra ane pyUlara jevA videzI skaoNlara paNa jemanAM saMsmaraNo lakhavA prerAyelA te bhagavAnalAla indrajI eka itihAsakAra ane saMzodhananA jIva hatA. tAmrapatro, guphAlekho, zilAlekho, staMbhalekho, jevI mULabhUta ane prAthamika AdhArasAmagrInuM saMzodhana karI temanuM kramabaddha Alekhana-saMpAdana karanAra zrI bhagavAnalAla idrajI eka samartha purAtattvavida ane gujarAtanA itihAsanA AlekhanakAra hatA. giranAranA prAcIna zilAlekhanI lipi ukelanAra sarvaprathama akSarabrahmanA ArAdhaka hatA. zarUAtanI kArakirdI : paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI praznorA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtinA hatA. temano janma ahicchatra jJAtinI eka zAkhA je porabaMdaramAM sthAyI thayelI, e pachI e zAkhA anya nagaromAM vistarelI, temAM indrajI bhaTTanA kuTuMbamAM sauthI nAnA putra tarIke, 7mI navembara, 1839nA roja thayelo. temanuM janmasthaLa jUnAgaDha (saurASTra) hatuM. temanA zikSaNa aMge savizeSa mAhitI ApaNane sAMpaDatI nathI., chatAM kahI zakAya ke temanuM prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa bahudhA surata, bharUcamAM thayeluM. bhagavAnalAle pitA indrajI pAse saMskRtano abhyAsa karelo ke temanA moTA bhAI karuNAzaMkara pAse tenI adhikRta mAhitI maLatI nathI. pitAzrI jyotiSI ane moTAbhAI vedAMtI tathA vyAkaraNazAstrI hatA. AthI moTAbhAI pAse ja saMskRtano abhyAsa karyo haze. temaNe karelAM prAcIna saMzodhanomAM saMskRta bhASAmAM meLavela prAvINya temanI pratibhAmAM umero kare che. bIjI tarapha 1854 thI 1861nA varSo daramiyAna temaNe aMgrejI vAMcI-samajI zake teTaluM paryApta jJAna prApta karI lIdhuM. muMbaImAM rahI aMgrejInuM zikSaNa saghana banAvyuM hatuM, Ama chatAM aMgrejImAM potAnA vicAro vyakta karI zake teTalA samartha nahotA, tevuM bulsTara ane DaoN. koDrigTana mAne che. tyArabAda DaoN. bhAudAjI pAse rahIne azoka tathA bIjA prAcIna lekhonI bhASA samajavAmAM, jarUriyAta UbhI thatAM temaNe pAli bhASA ane prAkRta bhASAno abhyAsa karyo. prAkRta bhASAno abhyAsa temaNe i.sa. 1875mAM gorajI pAse karelo, tevuM bulDare noMdhyuM che. bhagavAnalAla muMbaImAM rahelA tyAre moTe bhAge dharmArthe vaiduM (vaidarAja tarIkeno vyavasAya) karatA hatA. bhagavAnalAlanA bIjA moTA bhAI raghunAthajI Urphe katA bhaTTa jAmanagaramAM jhaMDu bhaTTajI (zrI viThThala bhaTTajI vaidya) pAse vaidakazAstra zIkhelA., eTale ke raghunAthajI pAsethI temaNe A vaidakazAstranuM jJAna saMpAdana karyuM haze. giranAranA zilAlekhanI lipi ukelavAno saphaLa prayAsa : abhyAsakALa daramiyAna jayAre jayAre teo potAnA vatana jUnAgaDha jatA, tyAre pUrvamAM zaherathI lagabhaga doDha kilomITara dUra 12 phUTa UMcAie Avela ane nIce 75 phUTanA parighavALI vizALa, lagabhaga zaMku AkAranI grenAITa paththaranI zilA najare paDatI., ane tenA paranuM utkIrNa kareluM lakhANa jotA. A zilA upara judA judA samayanA hiMdanA prAcIna itihAsanA mahattvanA traNa abhilekho (inscriptions) kotarelA jotA. teo vicAratA ke, A kaI bhASAmAM kotarelA haze ? kema ke traNenI lipi eka nahotI. sauthI jUno azokano * pUrva prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, bI.DI.ArTsa kaoNleja phaoNra garlsa, amadAvAda pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 99 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zailalekha prAkRta bhASAmAM brAhmI lipimAM hato., bIjo mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno (i.sa. 150mAM kotarelo) saMskRta bhASAmAM ane kSatrapakAlIna brAhmI lipimAM hato ane trIjo gupta samrATa skaMdagupta (i.sa. 465-57)no guptakAlIna brAhmI lipi- saMskRta bhASAmAM kotarelo hato. 22 sadIothI A khaDaka ahIM paDelo hato. jUnI lipio ukelavAno bhagIratha prayAsa bhagavAnalAle AraMbhyo. agAu jemsa prinsepe giranAra, dhaulI, kapardigiri, vagere sthaLonA azokakAlIna lekhonI nakalo meLavI., tenA akSaro joyA, akSaronA vaLAMko ukelyA ane te parathI prAcIna 'brAhmI' lipinI bArAkhaDI chapAvI hatI. tenI eka nakala purAtattva viSayamAM rasa lenAra kAThiyAvADanA poliTikala ejanTa karnala leMga pAse hatI., je 1854mAM jUnAgaDhanA nAgara brAhmaNa zrI maNizaMkara kikANI (samAjasudhAraka)ne batAvelI. zrI kikANIe A bArAkhaDIno chApelo lekha bhagavAnalAlane batAvyo. A eka asarakAraka Key maLI jatAM, bhagavAnalAla pachI to rAtadivasa joyA vagara giranAranA zilAlekhanI lipi ukelavAmAM lAgI gayA. giranAranA e zilAlekhanI barAbara chApa teliyA kAgaLa upara laI lIdhI., ane mULAkSaronI madadathI e zilA uparano asala lekha vAMcavAnI mahenata karavAmAM lAgI gayA. alabatta, e lekhomAM AvatAM joDAkSaro ane mAtrAo barAbarI baMdha besatAM na hatAM., ane tethI tene vAMcavAmAM ghaNI takalIpha UbhI thatI hatI. paraMtu teo AthI nirAza na thayA. muMbaInA eka piricata bhAI pAsethI, patra lakhIne brAhmI lipinA zilAlekho jemAM chapAyA hatA, te saghaLA saMzodhana graMtho maMgAvyA. giranAranI taLeTImAM AvelA zilAlekha pAse dararoja javuM., aMdhAruM thAya tyAM sudhI kAma karavuM., je kAMI pheraphAra lAge te noMdhI levo, dhare AvIne saMzodhana graMtho joIne (rIphara karIne) akSaro besADavA.... Ama bhAre parizrama ane avirata laganathI temaNe A zilAlekhanA traNe lekho vAMcavAnuM, tenI adhikRta nakala taiyAra karavAnuM duSkara kArya pAra pADyuM. Ama, bhagavAnalAlane A zilAlekha vAMcatAM vAMcatAM brAhmI lipi AkhI AvaDI gaI., teno sAkSAtkAra thayo, ema kahI zakAya. karnala leMga sAheba to bhagavAnalAlanA A adbhuta kAryathI eTalA badhA khuza thaI gayA ke, temaNe AnI saghaLI vAta samakAlIna aMgreja adhikArI sara eNlekajhAMDara kinloka phArbasa sAhebane karI. A akSaraupAsanA karanAra purAtattvavida ane kaThina tapazcaryA karanAra vibhUtithI phArbasa sAheba paNa prabhAvita thayA., ane tethI temaNe muMbaInA purAtattvavidyAnA rasika DaoN. bhAudAjIne sadhaLI vAta karI, temaja temano koI saMzodhanakAryamAM sakriya upayoga karavA mATe bhalAmaNa karI. phArbasa sAhebe 'rAsamALA'nA nAme gujarAtano itihAsa lakhelo che. DaoN. bhAudAjInI mulAkAta ane sahakAryakara tarIke joDAvA nimaMtraNa., i.sa. 1861 : bhagavAnalAla phArbasa sAhebanA kahevAthI muMbaI aneka takalIpho veThIne gayA., kemake muMbaIthI valasADa sudhInI ja te samaye relave lAIna naMkhAyelI. paga raste poThiyA upara savArI karIne, baLada gADAno upayoga karIne teo muMbaI pahoMcelA. i.sa. 1861mAM vaDhavANathI muMbaI pahoMcatAM temane 16 divaso lAgelA... ! bhagavAnalAla indrajI muMbaI gayA tyAre temanI sAthe 60 kSatrapakAlIna sikkAo, rudradAmA ane skaMdaguptanA zilAlekhonI sAcI nakalo, vagere potAnI sAthe laIne gayelA. temaNe A badhuM DaoN. bhAu dAjIne batAvyuM. DaoNkTara sAheba to A 21 varSanI vayanA yuvAnanI kAma karavAnI dhagaza, cIvaTa ane utsAha tathA lipi ukelavAnI AvaData (kauzalya) joIne khUba khuza thayA. DaoNkTara sAhebe temane je je kAryo soMpyAM, te eTalAM badhAM niSThApUrvaka karyAM ke, bhagavAnalAlajIne muMbaImAM ja potAnA sahakAryakara tarIke nokarImAM rAkhI lIdhA. bhAu dAjI vyavasAye DaoNkTara hovAthI, temane muMbaInI bahAra avAranavAra javuM paDatuM., tethI muMbaInI bahAra vividha sthaLoe pharIne, prAcIna sthaLo, smArako, staMbho, guphAo, zilAlekho, maMdiro, mUrtio, imArato vagerenI jAte mulAkAta laI pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 100 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zake tema na hatA., AthI 'prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsa' saMbaMdhI je koI prAthamika ane avazeSIya AdhAro (Sources) maLe, tenI savistara noMdha karavAnuM kArya DaoNkTara sAhebe bhagavAnalAlajIne soMpyuM. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dezabharamAM paribhrama : avanavA anubhavanuM pAtheya : bhagavAnalAla indrajIe DaoNkTara sAhebanA kahevAthI avazeSIya sAdhano ekatrita karavAnuM ati duSkara kArya khUba utsAhathI upADI lIdhuM. temaNe bhAratabharamAM madhya pradeza, rAjasthAna, uttara pradeza, bihAra, orissA vagere samagra uttara bhAratano pravAsa kheDyo; jemAMnA nIcenAM 26 sthaLonI mulAkAtanI noMdha maLe che. (1) khaMDavA (2) omakArezvara (5) dhAra (6) mAMDavagaDha (10) zatadhAra (9) bhojapura (13) besanagara(vidizA) (14) bhIlasA (17) Indora (21) banArasa (25) alhAbAda - (3) ujjaina (4) bAdhanI guphAo (7) sAMcI (8) selArI (11) pIpaLiyA (12) udayagiri (15) udepura (16) sAMcI (20) AgrA (18) bhopAla (bhIlasA pAsenuM) (19) mathurA (23) gorakhapura (24) gAjhIpura (22) pharukhAbAda (26) eraNa jUnAgaDhanA navAba sAhebe sopeluM kArya : jUnAgaDhanA navAba sAhebe paNa DaoN. bhAudAjInI bhalAmaNathI saMzodhanakArya mATe mAsika rUpiyA basonA pagArathI nokarImAM rokelA. tethI temane dara traNa mAse jUnAgaDhanA navAba sAhebane ahevAla (Report) mokalavo paDato., AthI temanA saghaLA pravAsonI ane pravRttionI noMdho akabaMdha jaLavAI rahI hatI. potAnA pravAsa daramyAna bhagavAnalAla indrajI nIcenAM kAryo ane pravRttio karatA : (1) je je sthaLe teo jatA tyAM je koI zilAlekho maLatA, tenI paranA lekho sAdyaMta UtArI letA. jUnA lekho, tAmrapatro, vagerenI chApa laI letA. (2) je paNa jagyAethI prAcIna sikkAo (coins) maLatA, te moTe bhAge kharIdI letA. (3) prAcIna maMdiro, kalAtmaka staMbho, zilpo, tUTelI hAlatamAM dhAtupAtro, mUrtio, mATInAM vAsaNo, maNakAo, mudrAo vagerenA phoTogrAphsa teo pADI letA. (4) pravAsa mATe tathA prAcIna sthaLonI mulAkAto mATe je je jarUrI lAge te mATe paravAnA, bhalAmaNapatro ane maMjUrIpatro teo meLavI letA. A mATe %0 te adhikArIone ke rAjAnA kuTuMbanA sabhyone maLavAmAM ghaNo samaya vyatIta thato hato. dA.ta. indoranA holkare sarakAranA mulaka (pradeza)mAM sahAya mATe sarakAranA vakIla rAmajIbhAI pAsethI paravAno meLavelo., bhopAlanA poliTikala ejanTa sAhebane DelI sAhebe pote bhalAmaNapatra lakhI Apelo, vagere. (5) rastAmAM jatAM jatAM je je stUpo dekhAya tenI paNa teo noMdha karI letA. dA.ta. sAMcInA stUpa uparAMta sAMcI gAmathI dakSiNa tarapha UMcA TekarA upara prAcIna 11 bauddha stUpo maLI AvelA, tenI noMdha temaNe karelI che. 100 phUTa UMco ane nIcethI 150 phUTa vyAsa dharAvato stUpa joyelo, tenI paNa noMdha che. samrATa azokanA samayanA A stUpanA kaTheDA Azare 600 varSa jUnA ane tyAM lekha paNa che. (6) isavIsana pUrvenI pahelI sadInA lokonA poSAka, rItabhAta, ityAdinI mAhitI upara darzAvelA stUpanA daravAjA paranAM citro parathI maLe che. A saghaLA citronA phoTogrAphsa paNa temaNe lIdhelA. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 101 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(7) udepura (bhIlasA pAse)nA eka jUnA mahAdevanA maMdiramAMthI gujarAtanA rAjA kumArapALanA lekhanI nakala paNa karelI., ane bIjA lekhonI phoTo-pleTsa lIdhelI. (8) eraNamAM nadInI DAbI bAjue bareTha nAmanI jagyAe 10.5 phUTa UMcI mUrtinI noMdha temaNe karI che, je mukhathI pITha sudhI 6 phUTa ra IMca lAMbI che. tenI dADhamAM strIrUpa pRthvI che ane tenA AkhA aMgamAM devo kotarelA che. gaLAnA bhAgamAM prAcIna akSarothI lekha lakhAyelo che. AkhI mUrti ratuMbaDA raMganA pASANanI banelI che. e mUrtinI bAjue moTI viSNunI mUrti ane sAme garuDanI mUrti AvelI che. bhagavAnalAla IndrajI bhaTTanuM lekhanakArya : I.sa. 1874nA me mAsamAM DaoN. bhAudAjInA thayelA akALa avasAnathI, bhagavAnalAlane jabaradasta AghAta lAgyo ! eka guru, eka mArgadarzaka, eka hamadardI ane eka vaDIlanI chatrachAyA jatI rahevAthI bhagavAnalAla jANe ke anAtha banI gayA ! chellAM 13 varSonA sahavAsathI elabatta, bhagavAnalAle prAcIna ane saMzodhananuM sAcuM tattva ane paddhati beu AtmasAta karI lIdhelAM. samagra dezamAM rajhaLapATa daramiyAna bhagavAnalAla Arthika rIte paNa ghasAI gayelA. phoTogrAphI ane sikkAonI kharIdImAM temaNe ghaNAM nANAM kharcelAM. AthI temanI Arthika sthiti khUba ja kathaLI gayelI. Ama chatAM, temaNe bhAratane potAnA lekho, lakhANo ane pustakanI je mUlyavAna bheTa ApelI, te yAdagAra che. paM. bhagavAnalAla IndrajInAM lakhANonI yAdI : | (paMDita bhagavAnalAlanA avasAna pachI taratamAM 'ekaDemImAM lakhelAM smaraNomAM pITarsane noMdhyuM hatuM ke 'paMDitanA zeTha ane mitra DaoN. bhAudAjInA tathA pa. bhagavAnalAlanA potAnA badhAM chapAyelA lekhonuM eka pustaka ame, game tema paNa, prakaTa karI zakIzuM evI huM AzA rAkhuM chuM. huM jANuM chuM ke bhagavAnalAlanA AvA smAraka mATe sArI rakama thaze ane emAMthI A pustaka chapAze ema pITarsane dhAryuM haze, paNa e na banyuM. pachI paMDitajInI zatAbdI prasaMge emanAM lakhANo badhAM ke amuka pharI chapAvavAno tathA graMthastha karavAno vicAra thayelo paNa teye kAryamAM na pariNamyo. Journal B.B.R.A.S.mAM chapAyelAM : 1. Gadhaia Coins of Gujarat and Malva, Vol. XII, p. 325 2. Revised Facsimile, Transcript and Translation of Inscription, Vol. XII, p. 329 3. On Ancient Nagari Numeration from an inscription an Nanaghat, Vol. XII, p. 404 A New Andhrabhritya King from a Kanheri Cave Inscription, Vol. XII, p. 407 Copper-plate of the Silahara Dynasty, Vol. XIII, p. 1 6. Coins of the Andhrabhritya Kings of Southern India, Vo. XIII, p. 303 7. Antiquarian Remains at Sopara and Padana, Vol. XV, p. 273 A new Copper-Plate Grant of the Chalukya Dynasty found at Navasari, Vol. XVI, p. 1 9. A Copper-Plate grant of the Traikutaka King Dahrasena, Vol. XVI, p. 346 11. Transcipt and Translation of the Bhitari Lat Inscription, Vol. XVI, p. 349 12. An Inscription of King Asokawalla, Vol. XVI, p. 351 * Indian Antiquary Hi guidal 13. Ancient Nagari Numerals, with a note by Dr. Buhler, Vol. VI, p. 42 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, ra003 * 102 For Private and Personal Use Only

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14. The Inscription of Rudradaman at Junagadha, Vol. VI, p. 257 15. The Shaiva Parikrama, Vol, IX, p. 144 16. Inscription from Nepal, Vol. IX, p. 163 17. Inscription from Kam of Kamvan, Vol. X, p. 125 18. Inscriptions of Asoka, Vol. X, p. 106 19. The Kahaum Inscription of Skandagupta, Vol. X, p. 125 20. An Inscription at Gaya, Dated in the year 18}3 of Buddha- Nirvan, with two others of the same period, Vol. X, p. 341 21. A Bectro-Pali Inscription of Silahar, Vol. XI 22. A New Yadav Dynasty, Vol. XII, 119 23. A New Gujarat Copper-Plate Grant, Vol. XIII, p. 70 24. Some Considcrations on the History of Nepal edited by Dr. Buhler, Vol. XIII, p. 411 25. International Congress of Orientalists held at Leyden 1883 - The Hathigumpha and three other Inscriptions in the Udayagiri Caves 26. I.C.O. Vicena 1887 - Two New Chalukya Inscriptions. Bombay Gazetteeri 27. Early History of Gujarat, (Vol. I, Part I) 28. Thana Places of Interest, (Vol. XlV) 29. Early History of Thana, Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. XIII (AmAM maulika vastu bhagavAnalAlane AbhArI che ema kempabela kahe che) 30. Pandu Lena Caves, Nasik in B.G., Vol. XVI 31. Archaeological Survey of Western India, Vol. IV 32. Western Kshatraps, J.R.A.S., 1890 33. Mathura Lion-Pillar Inscription, J.R.A.S., 1894 videza pravAsa ane lathaDelI tabiyata : teo balucistAna ane nepALa paNa gayA hatA. paNa nepALamAM mAMdA paDI gayA. sane 1874mAM teo muMbaI pAchA AvyA. bhagavAnalAlabhAI AkhA hiMdamAM pharyA, te vakhate temanAM patnI sAthe musApharImAM sAmela rahetAM. temaNe ThekANe-ThekANe pharIne, jaMgalomAM ane guphAomAM paMDitajI sAthe rahIne, emanI tabiyata sAcavavAmAM bahu kALajI rAkhI hatI, patinI chAyA jevI patnIe potAnuM vyaktitva patinA kAryamAM ja samAvI dIdhuM hatuM., ane evA dAmpatyanA sAhacaryathI ja paMDitajI saMzodhananuM kArya nizcitapaNe karI zakyA hatA. paMDitajInA zodhakhoLanA kAryamAM temane bahu samajaNa paDe tema nahotuM., chatAM pati je kAma kare che te bahu mahattvanuM che, evI emane parama zraddhA hatI., ane emanA TekAthI ja emanuM kuTuMbanAva cAlI rahyuM hatuM. temane koI saMtAna nahotuM. paMDita bhagavAnalAlanI nepALamAMnI mAMdagIthI DaoN.bhAudAjIne bahu UMco jIva thayo hato. temane khabara maLatAMnI sAthe, muMbaI sarakAranA sekreTarI vuDa sAhebane paMDitajInI vAta kahI., ane nepALanA briTiza resiDanTa jAte khabara kADhIne pachI tAra kare evo baMdobasta temaNe karAvyo-jayAre paMDitajI muMbaI AvyA tyAre ja temane (DaoN. bhAudAjIne) nirAMta thaI. paraMtu A vakhate DaoNkTara pote ja asAdhya pakSAghAtamAM paDyA hatA. teo pathArIvaza hatA. eTale paMDitanuM navuM saMzodhana jovA e jIvyA nahi. 1874nA memAM bhAudAjInA thayelA pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 103 For Private and Personal Use Only

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avasAnathI temane mAthe bhAre duHkhanA DuMgara tUTI paDyA ! paMDita bhagavAnalAlajInuM sanmAna : rASTrIya ane AMtararASTrIya kakSAe : saMzodhananuM tattva to temaNe cittamAM utArI lIdhuM hatuM, eTale hiMdanA bIjA purAtattvavido Do. bulDara je. ema. kaeNmpabela, DaoN. kAphiMgTana, DaoN. barjesa, Do. pITarasana vageree paMDitane sammAnyA ane satkAryA hatA. paraMtu potAnA jIvanakAryane TakAvavuM zI rIte ? e moTo prazna temane mATe khaDo thayo. kAraNa ke te vakhate AvA dhULa-dhoyAnA kAmanI koI kadara gujarAtamAM to thAya temaja nahotuM. tethI jIvananAM chellAM cauda varSo moTe bhAge, emaNe muMbaImAM ja kADhayAM hatAM. e varSo daramiyAna emanI zodhakhoLanAM pariNAma jagajAhera thayAM ane dezaparadezamAM tenI kadara thaI. 1877mAM 'royala eziyATika sosAyaTI', muMbaI zAkhAe temane mAnada sabhya cUMTyA. 1882 mAM "muMbaI yunivarsiTInA phelo' tarIke muMbaI sarakAre temane nImyA., lIDana yunivarsiTIe 1884 mAM temane mAnada "DaoNkTareTanI padavI ApI. A ja varSamAM laMDananI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTIe paNa temane phelo cUMTaTyA. paNa bhagavAnalAlabhAI mAnanA bhUkhyA nahotA : emaNe je karyuM te kartavya gaNIne karyuM hatuM. e sAdA (praznorA nAgara) brAhmaNamAM caraka, suzruta, Arya bhaTTa, varAhamihira vagere tejasvI brAhmaNonI zodhakabuddhi sahaja UtarI AvI hatI. emAM giranAranA jUnA akSaroe kutUhala jagADyuM. DaoN. bhAudAjInA saMyoge prAcIna akSaro ukelavAnI keLavaNI maLI, zodhakhoLanI upayogitA hRdayamAM UtarI, ane bulDara vagerenA paricaye zodhakoLanA Adarza mArge emanI buddhi khIlI UThI. ane pachI to kAma kAmane zIkhave e rIte temanI buddhimAM eka jAtanI pratibhA jAgI gaI. kAraNonA badhA aMkoDA buddhipUrvaka meLavyA vagara paNa jUnA akSarono samaya emanA manamAM nakkI thaI jato : jUnA seMkaDo sikkAo joIne emane kSatrapAdinA sikkAomAM, AgalA kayA ane pAchalA kayA? e sahaja sUjhI jatuM. bhagavAnalAla indrajI bhaTTanuM vyaktitva, aMtima divaso ane mUlyAMkana : kAThiyAvADanA rAjAonI madadamAM jUnAgaDha darabAre Do. bhAudAjI jIvatAM emane nokarImAM rAkhelA paNa e pachI kAMI madada jUnAgaDhe ke bIjAM rAjaye karI haze? na jAne. paNa A badhI madada saravALe emanA mobhAne yogya kharIne mAMDa pahoMcI vaLatI. bulDara kahe che ke meM emane mATe sarakArI kAyamI nokarI meLavavA prayatna karI joyo, paNa emanuM aMgrejI jJAna apUratuM ane bIjuM potAnI sthiti svataMtra hoya evo emano Agraha (svamAnIpaNuM) e be kAraNathI saphaLatA na maLI. (purAtattvanA kSetramAM kaniMgahAma ane barjesanA samAnakakSAnA potAne mAnanAra bhagavAnalAla koInI nIce nokarI karavAmAM hINapata mAnatA haze ?) pariNAme chellAM varSomAM jyAre pote atizaya nabaLA paDI gayelA tyAre atizaya Arthika muzkelImAM hatA. i.sa. 1888mAM e svamAnI puruSe bUlarane je chello kAgaLa lakhelo temAM potAnI paristhitinI phariyAda karatAM lakheluM ke "49 varSanI ummare huM mArA gujarAta mATe kAma karavA azakta banI gayo chuM." ane jUnAgaDhanA dIvAnane arajI karI potAne penzana karAvI ApavA bUlarane vinaMtI karelI. nyUlara noMdhe che ke te pachI eTalA jaladI teo na marI gayA hota to A madada maLI paNa hota. bhagavAnalAlanA chellA divasomAM jyAre Arthika sthiti AvI nabaLI hatI tyAre zarIrasthiti paNa, keTalAka vakhatathI, nabaLI hatI. I.sa. 1885nA navembaramAM teo lakhe che ke "mArI tabiyata divasanudivase bagaDatI jAya che. Aje thoDo tAva che. ane aMTerekIsano roga paNa vadhArAmAM che. pachI 1886nA phebruArInA patramAM lakhe che ke "be mAsathI huM ghaNo AjArI hato. hAla traNa rojathI jarA sAruM che." bIjA eka tArIkha pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 203 * 104 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vagaranA patramAM lakhe che ke 'mArI tabiyata have ThIka che.moTI musApharInI A phere TikiTa lIdhI'tI paNa hAla to gADI cAlI gaI; have jyAre maLe tyAre kharI. chellAM varSomAM eka vakhata kAThiyAvADamAM jUnAgaDha javA icchatA hatA. 1884nA DisembaranA eka kAgaLamAM lakhe che ke 'kAThIAvADa Avaze ke nahi e kahI zakAtuM nathI.mArI marajI che ke svadezane eka vakhata salAma karI javI. izvarecchA. AvIza tyAre lakhIza', paNa 1885mAM jaI zakyA hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. pachI i.sa. 1886 navembaranI 28mI tArIkhe lakhe che ke 'mArA bhAInI tabiyata mATe haridattano kAgaLa Avyo che. vAMcI udAsI ghaNI re che. mAruM zarIra sAruM nathI to paNa jUnAgaDha javAne dhAruM chuM. pachI je bane te kharuM. avasAna pahelAM be mahinAthI potAno anta have pAse che, evuM bhagavAnalAlane sUjI gayuM hatuM. 'thoDAM aThavADiyAM ja have bAkI che' ema emaNe pote rAvabahAdura bhImabhAI kIrapArAma sAthe jhaverIlAla i.sa. 1888nA phebruArImAM bhagavAnalAlane jovA gayelA, tyAre kahyuM hatuM. mitronA maLavA AvavAthI emane ThIka lAgatuM. vArtAlApamAM eTalo vakhata potAnI pIDAne teo bhUlI jatA ane emanuM vikSubdha mana jarA praphullita thatuM. jhaverIlAla lakhe che ke 'ame gayA tyAre teo takIAone aDhelIne jaina tIrthaMkara peThe dhyAnamudrAmAM beThA hatA.' teo khUba dUbaLA thaI gayA hatA. emane zotha (DropasI) roga thayo hato. peTa ghaNuM ja vadhI gayeluM. ane page sojA hatA. teono zvAsa rokAto hato chatAM kSatrapavaMza vize potAnA chellA vicAro viThThalajI kezavajI vene lakhAvatA hatA. paMDitajI gujarAtImAM kahetA hatA ane viThThalajI aMgrejImAM lakhI letA hatA. je bhAga lakhAI gayo hato te darzAvIne paMDitajIe kahyuM ke kahyuM ke 'bhAratIya purAtattvavidyAne A mAruM chelluM arpaNa che. kSatrapa sikkAo ane lekhonA chavIza varSanA cAlu tathA sAvadhAna abhyAsathI je vicAro meM bAMdhyA che te AmAM utAryA che. A lakhANane purAtattvavidyA taraphanA mArAM RNa tarIke huM gaNuM chuM. ane have e lagabhaga pUruM thavA AvyuM che tyAre sAhityapravRttinI je aneka yojanAo u52 mAruM citta varSothI bhamatuM hatuM ane avakAza tathA sthiratAnI pravRtti thAya eTalAnI ja mUrtarUpa pAmavA mATe jene jarUra hatI te sarvamAMthI A eka mATenuM RNa huM cukavI zakavAnI sthitimAM chuM e jJAnathI mane ochuM AzvAsana nathI maLatuM.' vidvAna mitronA abhiprAyo : bhagavAnalAlanA potAnA A zabdonA anusaMdhAnamAM kaeNmpabelanA nIcenA zabdo vAMcavA jevA che. 24mI phebruArI (I.sa. 1888)nA bhagavAnalAla uparanA patramAM kaeNmpabela lakhe che ke 'tamArI jiMdagIno anta pAse che e vicArathI dilagIrI thAya che. ATalAM varSo sudhI garIba dardIone sAjA karavAnA kAryamAM tame paisAno tathA samayano je vyaya karyo che tethI, tamArAM chellAM lakhANo chapAI gayAM hota to ene joIne tamane je AzvAsana maLata te karatAM vadhAre, AzvAsana maLaze. tame keTaluM badhuM jANo cho te darzAvavA ATaluM thoDuM raheze e jANIne mane ghaNo kheda thAya che, tame gaeNjheTiyarane je moTI madada karI che tenA badalAmAM huM ATalI ochI madada tamane karI zakyo chuM e joIne paNa mane ghaNuM duHkha thAya che. huM tamArI vadhAre najIkamAM hota athavA ocho kAmamAM rokAyelo hota to kAMIka karI zakyo hota. tamArA parizramathI gejheTiyarane phAyado thato hato e vicArathI dabANa karavuM ke rokI rAkhavuM eke ya mAre mATe saheluM nahotuM.' vaLI jhaverIlAlane eka patramAM kaeNmpabele lakheluM ke 'vidyA ane prajJAnI ATalI ochI noMdha potAnI pAchaLa rAkhIne bhagavAnalAla ATalA jaladI gayA, e vicArathI kheda thAya che.' ane jhaverIlAla paNa kahe che ke ghaNI yojanAo potAnAM aitihAsika anveSaNone prakAzita karavAnI bhagavAnalAle ghaDI rAkhelI te enI pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 2 105 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mananI manamAM ja rahI gaI ! ane bhAratIya purAtattvavidyAnA viSayamAM je jJAna meLavavA pote bhAre parizrama karelo te jJAna potAnI sAthe naSTa thaze e bhagavAnalAla jANI gayA hatA. chatAM pote thoDuM paNa purAtattvavidyAnuM RNa cUkavI jAya che evuM AzvAsana levAno prayatna jhaverIlAlane emaNe kahelA zabdomAM dekhAya che. AgaLa cAlatAM e ja patramAM kaeNmpabela lakhe che ke pote tamane jovA AvelA tenI tathA tamArI kImatI milakatanI tame je suMdara vyavasthA karI che tenI vAta bhImajIbhAIe mane karI che.milakatanI A suMdara vyavasthAnI vigato jhaverIlAle ApI che. e lakhe che ke huM bIjIvAra gayo tyAre bhagavAnalAle paheluM to pote karelA vilamAM mane sAkSI karavAnuM kahyuM. vila lakheluM taiyAra hatuM. ane mArA dekhatAM bhagavAnalAle sahI karI ane meM sAkSI karI. jhaverIlAla kahe che ke (1) vila karavAmAM AvelI milakatanI bAbatamAM (2) je vyaktio ke saMsthAone milakata ApavAnI che tenI bAbatamAM ane (3) milakatanI vyavasthAnI ja nahi paNa maraNa pachI je vidhi karavAno tenI paNa sUcanA vilamAM ApavAmAM AvI che; e bAbatamAM A vila A dezanA lokonAM sudhArelAM vilothI juduM paDe che. ane e vizeSatAnA kAraNathI emAM vidvAnane, purAtattvavidone tathA samAjazAstrIne rasa paDe evuM tattva che. chavIza varSanA sAhityajIvana daramiyAna bhagavAnalAle bhAratanA ghaNA bhAgomAM jJAna meLavavA arthe pharIne sikkAo, thAya to pote ja tIrthasthAnamAMthI ANelI mATIthI lIMpelI jamIna upara jyAre maraNane vAra nathI ema lAge tyAre emanA zarIrane pathArImAMthI UMcakI luvAravuM. ane AkhA zarIra upara moDA sudhI pote banAveluM pavitra kapaDuM oDhADI devuM ane kAnamAM IzvaranuM nAma uccAravuM. jyAre prANa chUTavA lAgyo che ema dekhAya tyAre pote ja ANeluM gaMgAjaLa zarIra upara chAMTavuM ane moDhAmAM paNa gaMgAjaLanAM TIpAM nAkhavAM.amArA saMbaMdhIo athavA mitroe mArA zarIrane smazAne rAmanAma letAM letAM laI javuM, paNa koIe rovuM nahi. potAnI jJAtinAM koI puruSa ke strIe bilakula rovuM nahi. strIoe to hAjara ja na rahevuM. badhuM pUruM thaI jAya tyAre smazAne gayelA lokoe potAne ghera AvI ThIka paDe to jarA besI potapotAne ghera javuM. potAnA maraNanA khabara jUnAgaDha lakhavA ane lakhavuM ke puruSo koI ve nahi ane strIo chAtI kUTe nahi.' duHkhada avasAna H (tA. 16-3-1888). je zarIra pachI to parataMtra zaba che tenA pahelAMnA mAlikanI icchAnI viruddha vartana karavuM e kevuM pApa che ? eno vicAra karavAnI mArA mitrone tathA sagAone huM atyaMta namratAthI vinaMti karuM chuM. jhaverIlAle vilamAM sAkSI karI, te divase joyelI tabiyatamAM divase divase bagADa thato gayo ane chevaTe I.sa. 1888nA mArcanI 16mIe bhagavAnalAlano deha paDI gayo. ane jhaverIlAla kahe che ke emaNe karelI sUcanAo barAbara pALavAmAM AvI hatI. vyaktinuM mUlyAMkana : AvuM vicitra vila karanAra bhagavAnalAlanI raheNIkaraNI atizaya sAdI hatI. pAghaDI e vakhatanA praznorA brAhmaNa bAMdhatA te terahanI teo paNa bAMdhatA. pAsAbaMdhI aMgarakhuM jhINI kasovALuM ane dhotI pacheDIno teo sAdo ja pozAka paheratA. jayakRSNabhAI lakhe che ke, yunivarsiTInA konvokezanamAM tene bIje moTe prasaMge sTaoNkiMga paheravAM paDatAM tyAre teo jarA kaMTALatA ane ghaNIvAra kahetA ke A parANe kothaLiyo paheravI paDe che. bhojanAdinA AcAramAM paNa bhagavAnalAla praznorA brAhmaNa hatA. praznorA sivAya koInI rasoI pahelAM to khAtA nahi. jayakRSNabhAI pAsethI sAMbhaLyuM hatuM ke musApharImAM joIe tyAre dUdhanuM bhAtuM taiyAra karI letA. matalaba ke bhagavAnalAlabhAI ane jayakRSNabhAI eka bIjAnuM khAtA nahi. 18daramAM pahelIvAra ajantA gayA tyAre pathika mAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 106 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pote jAte ja rasoI karI letA. A jhaverIlAla kahe che ke, A sAdA dekhAtA mANasamAM koI bhAgye ja dhAre evA buddhinA ane hRdayanA UMcA guNo hatA. akhaMDa udyoga, asAdhAraNa utsAha, khaMta, sUkSma grahaNazakti, tIkSNa buddhi, ekAgratA vagere bhagavAnalAlanA svabhAvamAM hovA sAthe taTasthatA ane jene pratibhA kahI zakAya evI kalpanAzakti paNa moTA pramANamAM hatA ema emanI pravRttinuM avalokana karatAM spaSTa dekhAze. 'itihAsakArane moTAmAM moTI koI bakSisa hoya to te kalpanAnI che.' e arnesTa skaoNTanuM vacana zrI umAzaMkara joSIe utArI kalpanA zaktinI kImata sacoTa rIte darzAvI che. buddhiprakAza : varSa 87, pR. 25) paNa je guNa tarapha meksamUlara jevA vidvAnoe khAsa AMgaLI cIMdhI che te emanuM AtmabhAna che. nAsikanI guphAonA lekho uparanuM chUTuM chapAveluM lakhANa bhagavAnalAle meksamUlarane mokaleluM tenI i.sa. 1883nA navembaranI 30mInA patrathI pahoMca svIkAratAM e prAcyavidyApaDita lakhe che ke "tame je uttama kArya karI rahyA cho te mATe huM tamane abhinaMdana ApuM chuM ane AzA rAkhuM chuM ke tame e cAlu rAkhazo. DaoN. bhAudAjInA avasAnathI moTI khoTa gaI che paNa tame enuM sthAna pUravAne tathA enuM kArya cAlu rAkhavAne samartha cho. tame tamArI jAtane saceta (prAmANika hRdaya ane buddhinA) vidvAna tarIke siddha karelA che ane mArI najaramAM game teTalI vidyA karatAM e guNa vizeSa mahattvano che.' A guNane pariNAme bhagavAnalAla potAnA kAryamAM DaoN. kohiMgTana kahe che tema coksAIvALA ane dhImA hatA.abhilekha ke sikkAnA vAMcanamAM teo kadI paNa ekadama phUdI na paDatA. vaLI potAne khAtarI na thAya to lAMbA vakhata sudhI amuka eka ja muddA upara mahenata karyA kare paNa kazuM bahAra na pADe evo emano svabhAva hato. DaoN. koDiMgTana kahe che : "mane yAda che ke eka abhilekhamAM emane eka nAma maLeluM e bAkitrayana (bekTriyana) rAjAnuM nAma che ema teo mAnatA hatA. e upara teoe varSo sudhI prayatna karyA karyo ema e saMbaMdhI ullekhavALAM pustako huM Apato eTale huM jANuM chuM. paNa potAnA e vicArane Teko na meLavI zakyA, eTale potAnAM lakhANomAM kyAMya e vAta noMdhI nathI ema huM dhAruM chuM." AvI jAgRti rAgadveSa ane durAgraha rahita zuddhacittamAM je hoI zake. koDiMgTana kahe che ke bhagavAnalAla sAcA vidyAbhakta ane satyanA ugra premI hatA. bUlara vigatamAM Utare che ke "mANaso ane vastuo upara TIkA karavAmAM bhagavAnalAla niSpakSapAtI ane nyAyI hatA. bIjAonA guNonI kadApi paNa adekhAI nahotA karatA. bIjAonA kAryamAM tathA svabhAvamAM je kAMI prazasya hoya teno niHsaMkoca svIkAra karatA. teo khoTA dezAbhimAnathI potAnI vivekabuddhine DhaMkAvA detA nahi. sAhitya, itihAsa ke bhASA saMbaMdhI vicAromAM matabheda UThatAM emanI carcAo haMmezA saMyamI ane saujanyayukta rahetI. chatAM eka vicAre emanA cittamAM jaDa ghAlI pachI e vicArane choDI devA emane samajAvI zakAya e muzkela chatAM potAnI hAra khullI rIte svIkAratA. yavana (grIko) tathA bIjA je paradezIonA saMsargamAM potAnA pUrvajo AvyA tenA keTalIka bAbatamAM Aryo RNI hatA, e kabUla karavAmAM jarAya saMkoca anubhavatA nahotA." bhagavAnalAlano svabhAva kavi narmadAzaMkara peThe mojIlo nahoto paNa gaMbhIra hato, chatAM bUlara ane koDiMgTana kahe che tema teo khullA dilanA ane premALa hatA. vaLI, bhagavAnalAla zuddha niSkalaMka hRdayavALA puruSa hatA. pITarsana kahe che : "bhagavAnalAlamAM koI jAtanuM kapaTa nahotuM." ane emanuM jIvana zuddha hatuM ema to koDrigTana, pITarsana bUlara badhA ja kahe che. paNa bhagavAnalAlanI mAnavatA jovA mATe teoe enI maitrI tarapha najara karavI joIe. pote ApelI hastapratonA kabATa upara "DaoN. bhAudAjInA ziSya bhagavAnalAlanI bheTa" evuM lakhAvanAramAM ugra gurubhakti pathika saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 107 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatI e cokkasa che. jo ke bulsara kahe che tema gurumAM rahelI nabaLAInuM potAne pUruM bhAna hatuM. bhagavAnalAlanI ke mitraprIti paNa gurubhakti jevI ja ujjavala hatI. purAvidyAnA kSetramAM kArya karanAra bhagavAnalAlanA samakAlInomAM DaoN. rA.go.bhAMDArakara, jasTisa kA.o. telaMka, rA.sA.vi.nA maMDalika, jhaverIlAla umiyAzaMkara yAjJika vagere dezI gRhasthomAMthI eka jhaverIlAlane bhagavAnalAla sAthe UMDo snigdha saMbaMdha hoya ema enAM smaraNo uparathI dekhAya che. bAkInA mitro yuropIya che. DaoN. vyUhalara, DaoN. korniMgTana, pro. pITarsana, DaoN. da.kunhA vagere samavayaska, samAnazIla ane vidyArasika sajjano sAthe bhagavAnalAlane maitrIno mITho saMbaMdha hato. DaoN. korniMgTana e saMbaMdha vize lakhe che ke "bhagavAnalAlane huM gharamAM ane ghara bahAra ghaNI sArI rIte oLakhato hato. koI paNa hiMdI gRhastha karatAM ene huM vadhAre nikaTatAthI oLakhato hato ane asamAnatA ane potApaNAnA bhAvathI emanI sAthe vartI zakato. emanAmAM sAdAI ane prAmANikatA evAM hatAM ke enI hiMdI tarIkenI lAgaNIone ke Tevone khUMce evuM yuropIya hoIne huM kAMIka karI ke kahI besIza evI mane kadI bIka nahotI lAgatI. temaja teone mAre mATe evI avyavasthA nahotI rahetI. huM emanI pAsethI hindustAnanI sarva bAbato-itihAsa, prAcIna ane arvAcIna rUDhio tathA rItabhAta, kArIgarI ane udyogo, dezIvaidyaka, dharma, jJAtio ane e uparAMta je mATe teo prakhyAta hatA te purAvidyA e sarva vize kAMIka kAMIka zIkhyo chuM." byUlara ane bhagavAnalAla to, byUlara muMbaImAM hoya tyAre, vAraMvAra maLatA ane jhaverIlAla kahe che tema "pravAsomAMthI bhagavAnalAla anekavidha mAhitIno bhaMDAra ane mAnavasvabhAvanuM avalokana darzAvatA hAsyarasapUrNa TucakAo laI AvatA hatA." mitro maLe tyAre bhagavAnalAla chUTathI A sAmagrInI lahANI karatA haze. byUlara kahe che ke i.sa. 1876nA oNgasTa-oNkTobaramAM ane 1879nA julAI-oNgasTamAM ame savAranA 6 thI 9 sudhI sAthe kAma karatA. (alabatta bha.nA lekho taiyAra karavAnuM) e divasone yAda karIne byUlara kahe che ke "je divasomAM paMDita AvyA che ema mANasa AvIne kahe enI huM AturatAthI vATa joI raheto. e AnaMdI divasone huM kadI bhUlIza nahi. tIkSNa buddhi, niSkapaTa mAyALu svabhAva ane vizALa jJAnathI teo mane bahu priya lAgatA." sane 1888mAM ogaNapacAsa varSanI nAnI uMmare, emanuM avasAna thayuM. emaNe deha choDyo, e prasaMga kharA RSivaranI yAda Ape tevo che. potAnI pAchaLa to koI hatuM nahi eTale "vIla" karyuM hatuM. temAM potAnA jUnA pustako vagere muMbaInI royala-eziyATika sosAyaTIne ApI dIdhAM. temAM temaNe khAsa vinaMtI karI ke mArAM pustako upara "DaoN. bhAudAjInA ziSya bhagavAnalAla indrajIno saMgraha" e rIte lakhAvavuM. sikkAo tathA mathurAmAMthI maLelo kharodI lipimAM lakhelo lekha sahita netA siMhanA cihnavALA azoka staMbhano uparano bhAga emaNe briTiza myujhiyamane bheTa Apyo. tAmrapatro, zilAlekho vagere mULa vyaktine pAchAM ApI devAnuM TharAvyuM. vAlakezvaramAtAnuM potAnuM ghara emaNe senIToriyama mATe bhATiyA gRhastho dvArA vAparavA ApI dIdhuM. 'baoNmbe gaeNjheTiyara-vaoNlyuma'mAM 'gujarAtano itihAsa' 1890 mAM chapAyo che, te DaoN. bhagavAnalAla indrajInI saMzodhana noMdhane AdhAre ja pragaTa thayo che. gujarAtanI yazagAthA ukelanAra A mahAnubhAvanI 'janma-zatAbdI' sane 1939 mAM muMbaImAM ujavAI hatI. teno smRtigraMtha gujarAta risarca sosAyaTI dvArA pragaTa thayo che. A mahAgujarAtInA kArya mATe ApaNe gaurava laI zakIe chIe. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 108 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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vallabhajI haridatta AcArya (1840-1911) prA. DaoN. esa.vI.jAnI gujarAta sahita bhAratanA itihAsamAM saurASTra pradezanA jUnAgaDhanuM aitihAsika kSetre mahattvanuM pradAna rahyuM che. jUnAgaDha zahera tathA tenI pAseno giranAra parvata ati prAcIna che. vaLI jUnAgaDha tenA maurya, zaka tathA gupta vaMzanA tri-lekhathI prAcIna itihAsanA jANakArInA sAdhanonI daSTie viziSTa mahattva dharAve che. gujarAtamAM jUnAgaDha jillAmAM sauthI vadhu eTale ke 130 rakSita smArako che. jUnAgaDha jillAmAM jema mahattvanA aitihAsika sAdhano ane smArako che, tema temAM A smArakonI vizvasanIya AdhArabhUta aitihAsika mAhitI pUrI pADanAra tripuTI bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI AcArya vallabhajI haridatta ane temanA putra AcArya girajAzaMkara vallabhajI - paNa jUnAgaDhanI dena che. bhagavAnalAla indrajI ne gujarAtanA itihAsanA saMzodhakonI hAramALAmAM ratna kahI zakAya. 1884mAM jarmanInI lIDana yunivarsiTIe temane mAnada DaoNkaTareTanI padavI ApI temanI vidvAtAnuM bahumAna karyuM hatuM. Ama potAnA saMzodhanakAryathI temaNe gujarAtane AMtararASTrIya pratiSThA apAvI hatI. temanA madadanIza rahI cUkelA ane temanI pAsethI avAranavAra mArgadarzana meLavanAra AcArya vallabhajI haridatta paNa jUnAgaDhanA mahattvanA itihAsajJa hatA. AcArya vallabhajI haridattano janma vaDanagarA nAgara kuTuMbamAM I.sa.1840 mAM thayo hato. temanA vaDIlo pUrvajonuM mULavatana prAMtija hatuM. temanA mULapurUSa gopAla RSi hatA tethI te gopAla gotranA kahevAyA.' vallabhajInA dAdA mohanajI ghoghAmAM rahetA hatA. vallabhajI pachI pAMca varSe paMDita gaphulAlano janma jUnAgaDhamAM thayo hato. pachIthI sArA vaktA, saMgItakAra zatAvadhAnI ane gaNitajJa banelA paMca gaDhulAle bhArata mArtaDanI padavI meLavI hatI.te gaThThalAlanA pitA ghanazyAma bhaTTanA jUnAgaDhamAM traNa mukhya ziSya hatA - vallabhajI haridatta AcArya, jaTAzaMkara harajIvana vorA ane gorAbhAI rAmajI pAThaka. vallabhajInI prathama patnInuM 1857mAM avasAna thayuM pachI 1858mAM 18 varSanI uMmare temaNe bIjAM lagna karyA hatAM. te varSathI ja temaNe saMskRtamAM zloka racavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. Ama kizoravayathI teo saMskRtamAM racanAo karatA hatA. pachIthI teo eka sArA kavi ane saMskRta sAhityanA vidvAna ane purAvida tathA itihAsakAra tarIke prasiddha thayA hatA. temaNe "kIrtikaumudI', "prabodha caMdrodaya', tathA vAlmIkinA saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA rAmAyaNa vagere graMthonuM gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara karyuM hatuM.' uparAMta temanI anya kRtio hatI- vAghezvarInI hamacI (1861), caMDIpAThanA sArano garabo (1862), caMdrahAsa AkhyAnanA duhA (1862), caMDI AkhyAna (1892), gujarAtI bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa, maMgaLASTaka saMgraha, narabherAyanA duhA, gujarAtI dhAtukoza, AratImALA, RsaMhitA, mahArudra paddhati, hasta zrAddha paddhati vagere." uparAMta temano kAvyasaMgraha vallabha vilAsa" pragaTa thayo hato. 1885mAM temaNe laoNrDa ripana vizenI racanA karI hatI. uparAMta prAzakoza, apabhraMza-koza, dAmodara mAhAbhya vagere temanI apragaTa racanAo hatI. karnala vaoNTsananA avasAna pachI temaNe 1889 mAM "voTsana-viyoga' graMtha lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. te graMtha 1896mAM vaDhavANathI prasiddha thayo hato. A graMthanA kartA tarIke teoe potAne AcArya vallabhajI haridatta jUnAgaDha darzAvyA che. uparAMta te pUrve te ghoghArI (dhoghA nivAsI) ane umAkArI hatA tema paNa darzAvyuM che. saMskRta pratye temanI eTalI badhI prIti hatI ke teo nAsika-tyaMbakanI yAtrAe gayelA tyAre tIrthagoranA copaDAmAM paNa * nivRtta prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, anusnAtaka ItihAsa vibhAga, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 109 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRtamAM lakhANa karyuM hatuM. vallabhajI AcAryanI A sAhitya-prIti e saurASTra-jUnAgaDhanA tatkAlIna vidvAna ane sudhAraka zrI maNizaMkara kIkANI sAthenA temanA saMparkanuM pariNAma hatuM. jUnAgaDhanA bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, vallabhajI ha. AcArya jevA purAvido, bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma chatrapati jevA ItihAsa raciyatA ane gorAbhAI rA.pAThaka jevA dharmazAstrajJa vyaktionI pravRttione uttejana ApI temane prakAzamAM lAvanAra maNizaMkara kIkANI hatA. te sarvane potapotAnI pasaMdagInI priya pravRtti karavAmAM joItI Avazyaka sahAya tathA salAha paNa eo ja ApatA hatA. Ama A badhA maNizaMkara kIkANInA ziSyamaMDaLamAM hatA. 19 maNizaMkaranA vedanA jJAna aMge to kavi dalapatarAme paNa nodhyuM hatuM ke veda taNA bahu bheda vilakSaNa, zuddha citte caturAI bhAMgI zake bhavabheda bhayaMkara, zaMkara ke maNizaMkarabhAI."11 vallabhajI saMskRta sAhityanI prItine kAraNe ja 1879mAM narasiMha prasAde mahArudra yajJa karyo teno vRttAMra tathA tenA maMtronI vigato darzAvato lekha temaNe karnala vaoNTsanane mokalyo hato. tenAthI teo atyaMta prasanna thayA hatA. uparAMta sAhityanI racanAmAM teo bIjAne upayogI paNa banyA hatA. jema ke - (1) temaNe lIlAdhare racela "zivarahasya"nI anukramaNikA tathA prastAvanA lakhI ApI hatI. (2) to dIvanA nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane "vIra bALaka" nATakanAM gaNita lakhI ApyAM hatAM. (3) to hadvAra jeThA mahArAjane keTalAMka AkhyAnamAM marAThImAMthI gujarAtI kavitA tathA saichI AkhyAna lakhI ApyAM hatAM.13 uparokta vigatothI gujarAtI tathA saMskRta sAhitya pratyenI temanI ruci, rasa ane prIti jANI zakAya che. paraMtu temanI sAhitya prIti karatAM paNa purAtattva tathA itihAsanA adhyayana ane saMzodhananI prIti savizeSa hatI. temaNe aneka zilAlekho, tAmrapatro, mUrtio, sikkAo vagere zodhI kADhI saurASTra-pradezanA itihAsa upara ghaNo prakAza pADyo che. itihAsanuM saMzodhana karatA vidvAno mATe temaNe pADelI keDI upara aneka vidvAno AgaLa vadhyA che. vallabhajI bAlyavayathI saMskRtanA cAhaka ane kavi hatA. paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInA sahavAsathI ItihAsa ane purAtattvanA saMzodhana tarapha temanuM dhyAna kheMcAyuM hatuM. temanuM hIra teo pArakhI zakyA hatA. tethI temanI bhalAmaNa muMbaInA DaoN.bhAudAjIe 1862mAM temane mAsika rUA. dasanA pagArathI bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInA sahAyaka tarIke jUnAgaDhamAMnA azoka tathA prabhAsa pATaNanA lekhonI nakala karavA nImyA hatA. tyArathI jUnA zilAlekho sikkA vagere tarapha temanuM dhyAna kendrita thayuM." Ama bhAudAjInA paricayamAM AvatAM bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI tathA vallabhajI AcAryanI dRSTimAM parivartana AvyuM hatuM. pariNAme temanI daSTi vadhu saMzodhanalakSI banI hatI. I.sa. 1863mAM vallabhajI AcArya prabhAsapATaNa gayelA. tyAMnA zilAlekhonI nakala laI eka pustakarUpe tene bAMdhI te karnala je.Dabalyu. vaoNTsanane batAvI hatI. tenA kAraNe saurASTra pradezanA itihAsa ane purAtattvamAM rasa dharAvatA thayelA vaoNTsana sAthe vallabhajInI oLakhANa thaI hatI. jo ke A baMnenI prathama mulAkAta to delavADA mukAme thaI hatI. bhAudAjIe soMpelI kAmagIrI pUrNa thayA pachI temaNe jUnAgaDha rAjyanI nokarI svIkArI hatI. teoe 1865 thI 1888 sudhI kula 23 varSa jUnAgaDha rAjayamAM vividha hoddAo upara kAma karyuM hatuM. 1865mAM sau prathama teo mAsika rUA. dasanA pagArathI jUnAgaDha kanyAzALAmAM zikSaka nImAyA hatA. tyAre suMdarajI kuberadAsa metAjI zikSaNa khAtAmAM inspekaTara hatA. 7-11-1864nI temanI nodha pramANe "kanyAzALAnuM kAma calAvavA pIDha, Tharela matano, lAjavALo, samajhu, varaNAgIyo na hoya, lokono vizvAsapAtra hoya ane samajAvavAnI zaktivALo ane ghaNI nAnI uMmarano na hoya tevo guNavAna puruSa zikSaka tarIke joIe che. te mATe vallabhajI pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 110 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vinA bIjo koI mArI najaramAM Avato nathI.''18 Ama zikSaka banatAM pUrve temanI yogyatAthI teo samAjamAM jANItA banI cUkyA hatA. 1866mAM temane pAThazALAmAM kAryakArI zAstrIjI tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. jUna, 1866thI teo jUnAgaDhathI prasiddha thatA "saurASTra darpaNa" mAsikanA saMpAdaka-taMtrI ane jUnAgaDhanI "jJAna grAhaka sabhA'nA sekreTarI nImAyA hatA. 1866nA varSanA aMta bhAgamAM teo jUnAgaDha rAjya mATe chApakhAnuM levA muMbaI gayA hatA. tyAre temano mAsika pagAra rU. 20 karAyo hato. tyAra pachI teo 1877 sudhI jUnAgaDha darabArI presanA menejara banAvAyA hatA. 1881mAM teo jUnAgaDhamAM itihAsa purAtattva) khAtAMnI nokarImAM rahyA hatA. 19 pachIthI 1888mAM temanI nimaNUka rAjakoTamAM vaiTasana myujhiyamamAM prathama kyUreTara tarIke thaI hatI. kyureTara tarIke teo 1888 thI 1910 sudhI rahyA. tyAre temano pagAra mAsika rU. 100 hato. - voTasana myujhiyamanA prathama kyUreTara tarIkenI temanI 1888 thI 1910 sudhInI 22 varSanI kAmagIrImAM temanI vidvattAthI itihAsa saMzodhana - AdhAra sAdhana saMgrahaNa - purAvazeSonI jALavaNI - lekho ane sikkAonuM ekatrIkaraNa - utnanana jevA kSetro prabhAvita thayAM hatAM. temanI A kAmagIrI atyaMta mahattvanI gaNAya che. uparokta badhA kSetre kyUreTara banyAM pUrve paNa temaNe ghaNI prazasya kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. tethI temanA itihAsathI saMbaMdhita vividha kSetronI kAmagIrInuM saravaiyuM A pramANe ApI zakAya : - I.sa. 1862mAM bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInA sahAyaka nimAyA tyArathI zarU karIne temanI itihAsanA vividha kSetronI sevA cheka 1910 sudhI aviratapaNe cAlu rahI hatI. Ama, lagabhaga ardhI sadI sudhI temaNe A kSetre niSThApUrvaka potAnuM yogadAna ApyuM hatuM. 1862mAM vallabhajIe jUnAgaDhanA aneka aitihAsika sthaLono pravAsa karyo hato tathA azoka, rudradAmAna tathA skaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDhamAM AvelA zilAlekha uparathI sudarzana taLAvanA sthaLanuM saMzodhana karavA prerAyA hatA. sudarzana taLAva suvarNasikatA ane palAzinI nadInA saMgama sthaLe bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. suvarNasikatA nadI to Aje paNa che. paraMtu palAzinI kyAMya jovA maLatI nathI. tethI te nadInuM mULa zodhavA temaNe jaMgalamAM pharI vaLIne AdhArabhUta kahI zakAya tevAM anumAno ryA hatAM jeNe bhAvi zodhaka mATe ghaNI vigato pUrI pADI che. temaNe sudarzana taLAvanI pALa mATe jUnAgaDhamAM dhArAgaDha daravAjA pAsenuM sthaLa darzAvyuM hatuM. vartamAna yuganA keTalAka zodhakoe AcArya vallabhajInI dhAraNAne anumodana ApyuM che. A samagra varNana temanI zodhaka pratibhA tathA ogaNIsamI sadImAM dezI sapUto dvArA thayela saMzodhana pravRttino khyAla Ape che, uparAMta temaNe ghUmalInI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ane tyAMnA aitihAsika avazeSono abhyAsa karyo hato. I.sa. 1878 sudhImAM temaNe azokano zilAlekha, rAkheMgArano mahela, giranAranAM jaina maMdiro khAparA koDiyAnAM bhoyarAM, prAcIna vAva tathA jUnAgaDhanA uparakoTanA killAnA itihAsa aMgenI mAhitI ekatra karI hatI. A viSayo uparanuM jJAna jUnAgaDhamAM temanA sivAya bIjA koIne na hatuM. chatAM teo to namratApUrvaka kahetA ke "mArA A jJAnano pratApa kevaLa bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIno che." Ama potAnI itihAsasAdhanAmAM temaNe bhagavAnalAla idrajIno RNa svIkAra karyo hato. karnala je. Dabalyu. voTasanane kAThiyAvADanA itihAsamAM khUba rasa hato. tethI temaNe te aMgenI vigato vividha loko pAsethI meLavI ekatra karI hatI. temAM paNa AcArya vallabhajI haridatte temanI ghaNI madada karI hatI. A badhAnI pAsethI maLelI mAhitIno saMcaya karIne voTasane "bombe presiDensI gejheTiyara, vaoNlyuma, 8" aMgrejImAM bahAra pADyuM hatuM. te kAThiyAvADa aMge hovAthI gujarAtInuM tenuM narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkare kareluM bhASAMtara "kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha" nAmathI bahAra paDyuM hatuM. A graMthanI aMgrejI AvRttinI prastAvanAmAM darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke "AcArya vallabhajI haridatta jemane kAThiyAvADa prAMtanA itihAsanI tathA bIjI sAmAnya bAbatonI pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 111 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAhitI che, tathA teo saMskRta bhASAnA paNa sArA vidvAna che, temanA taraphathI paNa ghaNI madada maLI che. temaNe ghaNI agatyanI ane upayogI mAhitI ApI che.' Ama karnala vaeNATasane potAnA A graMthamAM temanI madada mATeno RNa svIkAra karyo hato. vallabhajInI A madada badala muMbaInI sarakAre paNa tA. 4-8-1884nA TharA naM. 274thI AbhAra mAnI saMtoSa-patra mokalAvyo hato. kAThiyAvADanA poliTikala ejanTa mi. vesTe paNa tA 22-8-1884nA patrAMka 2360thI AbhAra tathA saMtoSa vyakta karyo hato.23 Ama kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha jeva saurASTranA itihAsanA eka mahattvapUrNa graMthanI racanAnuM zreya ApaNe briTiza zAsana pratyenI ahobhAvana lAgaNIne kAraNe karnala vATsanane ja ApIe chIe, paraMtu A graMthanA A lekhanamAM AcArya vallabhajI harida tathA anya dezI vidvAnoe je madada karI hatI, tenI sAmAnyataH upekSA karIe chIe athavA te aMge mauna sarva ApaNA svadezI vidvAnone anyAya karIe chIe. paraMtu have e valaNamAM parivartana AvyuM che, te bAbata saMtoSaprada kahI zakAya. jUnAgaDhano azokano lekha ukelAyA pachI tenI AjubAjumAM stUpa hovAnI dhAraNA AcArya vallabhajIe karI hatI. teo tA. 27-12-1888nA guphAjalI nadInuM mULa zodhI boriyA (lAkhAmeDI) gayA, tema potAnI DAyarImAM noMdhe che. tyAM temaNe 32' vyAsa dharAvato 120 UMco TiMbo joyo. bAjumAM sIDI AkArano bIjo TiMbo hato. te boriyAno stUpa hato. tenA utkhanananuM zreya kaeNmpabelane ApavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu kaeNmpabela boriyA gayA tyAM sudhImAM AcArya vallabhajIe tyAM utkhanana karAvI lIdhuM hatuM. teo baMne tyAM 13-1-1889mAM gayA hatA. Ama itihAsanA graMthonuM Alekhana ke utkhanana pachI te moheM-jo-Dero ke haDappAnuM hoya ke boriyA stUpanuM hoya, tenuM zreya aMgreja amaladArone ja tyAre ApavAnI jANe ke paddhati hatI. aMgreja amaladAronI kAmagIrI avazya mahattvanI rahI hatI. paraMtu boriyA stUpanA utkhanana aMge AcArya vallabhajInI kAmagIrInuM ochuM mUlyAMkana na karI zakAya, tethI kaeNmpabelanA saha-kAryakara tarIke vallabhajIne paNa A utkhanananA zreyamAM bhAgIdAra gaNavA joIe. A stUpa jUnAgaDha relave sTezanathI 6.4 ki.mI. dUra giranAranI taLeTImAM che. te vistAramAM boranI vipulatAne kAraNe te 'boriyA" stUpa kahevAya che. tenI adhiSThAtrI boradevI gaNAya che. tenuM tyAM maMdira paNa che. A TiMbA upara lAkhA nAmanA bahAraviTayAno vAsa hato, tethI tenuM bIjuM nAma "lAkhAmeDI" che.24 boriyAno A stUpa 18" x 12" x 3" nA mApathI pakAvelI IMTono banelo hato. utkhanana vakhate tenI UMcAI 45 phUTa hatI. te 643 phUTanI paththaranI pATathI DhAMkelo hato. temAMthI pakavelI mATInI eka DAbalI maLI che. temAMthI kramazaH tAMbAnI, cAMdInI ane sonAnI eka bIjAthI nAnI DAbalIo nIkaLI che. temAMthI motI, bhasma ane aDadhA IMcanA hADakAMno kaTako (asthi avazeSa) maLyA hatA.25 te badhA jUnAgaDhanA myujhiyamamAM surakSita rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. A utkhanana kArya kaeNmpabele karyuM. paraMtu teno ahevAla eca. kAusense lakhyo hato. A utkhananamAMthI 39 phUTanI UMDAIethI prastara sthApatyanA keTalAka avazeSo maLyA hatA. AcArya vallabhajIe noMdhyA pramANe te giranAra upara kyAMka kAMTALI tAranI ADazathI rakSita karavAmAM AvyA hatA.27 paraMtu hAla teno patto nathI. A utkhanana pUrve AcArya vallabhajIe 1878mAM unA pAsenI sANAnI guphAonI aitihAsika noMdha lakhI hatI.28 uparAMta jUnAgaDha jillAnA temanA pravAsa daramyAna temane aneka mUrtio ane sikkAo maLyA hatA. paraMtu temanI jALavaNI mATe jUnAgaDhamAM yogya sthAna ke koI myujhiyama na hovAthI te briTiza myujhiyamamAM mokalI devAyA hatA. pachIthI A paristhitinA nivAraNa mATe jUnAgaDha rAjye pustakAlayanI sAthe myujhiyama paNa banAvyuM hatuM. cheka 1897mAM jUnAgaDhamAM rasUlakhAnajI myujhiyamanuM khAtamUhurta thayuM hatuM ane 1901mAM tenuM makAna taiyAra thaI gayuM hatuM. A myujhiyama karavA mATe paNa vallabhajIe athAga parizrama ane pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 112 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhalAmaNo karI hatI. A banyuM tyAre teo vaeNTsana myujhiyamanA kyUreTara hatA. temAM paNa I.sa. 1900mAM chappaniyo dukALa paDyo tyAre saurASTranAM kholAyelAM rAhatakAmo daramyAna aneka sthaLoethI khodakAmamAM prAcIna avazeSo, mUrtio, lekho, sikkAo upalabdha thayA hatA. temane vividha sthaLe saMgRhita karAvavAmAM paNa vallabhajI upayogI banyA hatA. 1888mAM vaoNTsana myujhiyamamAM (tyAre tenuM nAma kAThiyAvADa vikToriyA jayubilI myujhiyama hatuM) kyureTara nimAyA pachI vallabhajIe 1889mAM vaeNTsana sAhebanA AgrahathI temanI sAthe vaMthalI, coravADa, prabhAsa pATaNa, unA, delavADA, dIva, tulasIzyAmano pravAsa karyo hato. pachIthI 1890mAM temaNe pote ekalA mAMgaroLa, mAdhavapura, dvArakA ane khaMbhALiyAno pravAsa karyo hato. A pravAsa daramyAna je gAmonI te mulAkAta letA tenI mAhitI paNa ekatra karatA ane grAma-sarvasaMgraha taiyAra karavA mATenuM A prathama kadama hatuM ema kahI zakAya. vaLI tatkAlIna niyamAnusAra vaTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara varSamAM kula traNa mahinA pravAsa karavo pharajiyAta hato. A pravAsamAM paNa temane ghaNA lekho, sikkAo, mUrtio prApta thaI hatI. Ama myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM vRddhi thavAmAM paNa teo nimitta banyA hatA. potAnA pravAso daramyAna temaNe karelI kAmagIrInI noMdha temanI DAyarImAM teo niyamita rIte karatA. temanI DAyarImAM 22-5-1896nI noMdha pramANe temaNe jUnAgaDhamAM neminAthanA pagalAMnA lekha, dhAtunA siMhAsananA cAra lekha, neminAtha maMdiranI sthApanAnA be lekha, vastupALa-tejapALanA sAta lekha, gaumukhInA tathA khAparA koDiyAnA bhoMyarAnA lekhanI chApo (rabIMga) lIdhI hatA. uparakoTanA sAta akSaranA staMbhalekhanI chApa paNa lIdhI hatI. vaDhavANanI gaMgAvAvamAM pANI hovA chatAM khUba muzkelIthI tenA lekhanI paNa chApa lIdhI hatI. jAmanagara jillAnA guMdA gAmanI prAcIna vAvano kSatrapa rudrasiMhanA samayano lekha zodhI kADhyo hato. temAM darzAvyA pramANe senApati rudrabhUtie gAmanAM sarve lokonA hita ane sukha mATe te vAva khodAvI hatI. A lekha zodhI kADhatAM hIlara vallabhajIne abhinaMdana Apato saMtoSa-patra lakhyo hato. temanI DAyarInI tA. 7-5-1900 nI noMdha pramANe temaNe azokanA zilAlekhanA 13mA zAsanano phoTo phoTogrAphara pAse levaDAvyo hato ane tenI vAMcanAmAM phera che te darzAvyuM. "Ama temAMnI ra7mI paMkti sudhArI hatI. Ama "ItihAsa eTale satyanI sAdhanA" anusAra temaNe pUrve rahI gayelI bhUlo sudhArI ItihAsanuM navA pramANonA saMdarbhamAM punarlekhana karI itihAsane "satya kahetuM zAstramAM prasthApita karyuM hatuM. uparAMta dasADA gAmanI korTamAM boDiyA akSarano eka lekha tapAsI tenI sAcI vAMcanA karI hatI. Ama kaoNrTamAM paNa temaNe "prAcIna lipinA tajajJa" tarIke prAcIna lipividyAnuM mahattva prasthApita karyuM hatuM. I.sa. 1902-03nA varSamAM temaNe 115 gAmonI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. 46 lekhanA rabIMga lIdhA ane 13 navA lekha prApta karyA hatA. uparAMta 3 tAmrapatronA rabIMga, 11 sikkA, 2 phosila ane eka hastaprata meLavyAM hatAM. vaLAmAMthI temaNe vi.saM. ra7 (I.sa. 241)nA tAmrapatranuM rabIMga lIdhuM hatuM, je dharasena cothAnuM haze. tevI ja rIte saMvata 1512 (I.sa. 1456)no hastalekha paNa temaNe vaLAmAMthI meLavyo hato, jemAM I.sa. 1451mAM rA'mAMDalika jUnAgaDhanI gAdIe beThAno ane mahAdeva bhaTTa tathA kikA bhaTTa nAmanA be bhAIone jhAMjharaDA gAma ApyAno ullekha che. 1907-08nA varSamAM temaNe I.sa. 1330 (vi.saM. 1386)nA bhAvanagara myujhiyamamAMnAM hAthasaNInA lekhanuM chApAMkana (rabIMga) karyuM. te lekha saMskRta kavitAmAM lakhAyelo che. bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma chatrapati mATe rANIvAvano zilAlekha utAravA teo dhaMdhusara gayA hatA. Ama itihAsanA abhyAsIne madadarUpa banatA hatA. zilAlekhonI jema AcArya vallabhajIe sikkAo meLavIne myujhiyamamAM rAkhavAnuM, tenI vAMcanA karavAnuM pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 113 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahattvanuM kArya karyuM hatuM. te bAbata teo jarUra paDye bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInI sahAya meLavatA. bhagavAnalAla paNa temanI jijJAsAvRtti saMtoSI temanA itihAsa saMzodhananAM kAryane protsAhita karatA. 20-10-188ranA bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe AcArya vallabhajIne sikkAo aMge patra lakhyo hato. teno ullekha bhAvanagaranA vijayazaMkara gaurIzaMkara ojhAe 10-11-1882nA bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI uparanA patramAM karyo hato ane temanA te patra aMge saMtoSa vyakta karyo hato. Ama pachIthI 20mI sadImAM jadunAtha sarakAra ane goviMda sakhArAma desAI vacce itihAsanI vividha bAbato aMge je patravyavahAra thayo hato, tevo patravyavahAra 19mI sadImAM bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI ane vallabhajI haridatta vacce thayo hato. 19mI sadImAM 'bhagavAnalAla ane vallabhanI guru-ziSyanI joDInI jema 20mI sadImAM "jadunAtha ane goviMda"nI joDI bhAratIya itihAsa lekhanavidyAnA itihAsamAM agatyanuM sthAna dharAve che. vaLI vallabhajIe bahAuddIna kolejanA itihAsanA prAdhyApaka hoDIvAlA pAse jaI "jharabe jUnAgaDha vALA sikkA aMge mAhitI meLavI hatI. te jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALamAM pADavAmAM AvelA cAMdInA moTA bAdazAhI sikkA hatA. te sikkA teo rAjakoTamAM myujhiyama mATe lAvyA hatA. Ama sikkAzAstranA kSetre paNa tenuM AgavuM pradAna hatuM. vallabhajI AcArya saurASTranAM purAtattva tathA prAcIna imArato, zilAlekho, sikkAo aMge UMDuM jJAna dharAvatA hatA. 1888 thI 1910 nI 22 varSanI vaoNTasana myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIkenI nokarI daramyAna temaNe saurASTranAM dUra dUranA bhAgo sudhI AvelAM maMdiro, masjido, vAvo, prAcIna imArato zilAlekho vagerenI rUbarU mulAkAta laI tenAM zilpono tAmrapatrono, sikkAono tathA te sthaLoethI maLela zilAlekhonI chApa laI eno vizleSaNAtmaka - vivecanAtmaka abhyAsa karyo hato. prAcIna sthaLonI emanI mulAkAta ane te aMgenI vigatavAra mAhitI vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA vArSika ahevAlomAM tathA temaNe pote lakhela DAyarImAMthI prApya che. temaNe meLavelI aitihAsika mahattvanI vastuo, te aMgenI ke anya aitihAsika mAhitI temaNe myujhiyamanA mAdhyamathI samAja sudhI pahoMcADI hatI. vaLI itihAsanA bhAvi saMzodhakane temAMthI kAcI sAmagrI maLI rahe tema hatI. Ama prAcIna vArasAnA gauravane jALavavAmAM teo khUba upayogI banyA hatA. 1909-1910mAM rAjakoTamAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM adhivezana maLyuM. tyAre voTasana myujhiyamamAM temaNe sikkAo tathA tAmrapatronuM pradarzana yojI myujhiyama aMge lokomAM jAgRti ane rasa pedA karyA hatA. Ama temanA prayatnothI rAjakoTanuM vaoNTsana myujhiyama saurASTranA sAMskRtika vArasAnuM kendra banyuM hatuM. uparAMta aitihAsika saMzodhana aMgenA lekha teo "saurASTra darpaNa" tathA anya saMzodhana sAmayikomAM prasiddha karatA hatA. Ama A itihAsakAre itihAsanI sAmagrI ekatrita karavA vistRta vistAramAM, tatkAlIna samayamAM AvAgamananA sAdhanonI muzkelI-maryAdAo hovA chatAM, pravAsa karIne je te sthaLonuM sarvekSaNa karI, sthaLa tapAsa karI mAhitI meLavavAnuM athAga parizramanuM kArya karyuM hatuM. vaLI vividha sthaLethI tAmrapatro ke zilAlekhanA rabIMga laI bIjA sthaLanA saMzodhako mATe tenI vigato upalabdha karAvI temaNe temanuM kArya saraLa banAvyuM hatuM. pachIthI tenI vAMcanA paNa karI ane kyAMka truTi ke azuddhi jaNAI tenuM nivAraNa karI itihAsanA punarlekhana dvArA itihAsanI mAhitIne parizuddha karI itihAsa Alekhana-vidyAnI temaNe mahAna sevA bajAvI che, ema kahI zakAya, keTaleka sthaLethI verAna-ujjaDa hAlatamAM paDelAM zilpo, ke sikkAo meLavI myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta karI gujarAtanA itihAsanA amUlya gauravapUrNa vArasAne jALavI rAkhavAnI sevA temaNe bajAvI che, te prazaMsanIya che. itihAsanA rasajJo ke abhyAsIone temaNe yathAsaMbhava, yathAzakti madada karI, sahakAra ApI itihAsanA saMzodhanane parokSa rIte paNa protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. DaoN. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, karnala vaoNTsana, vahIlara, kempabela, vijayazaMkara gau. ojhA, pro.hoDIvAlA, bhagavAnalAla saMpatarAma chatrapati, ba.ka.ThAkora vagerene itihAsa pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 114 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgenI jarUrI mAhitI pUrI pADavAmAM teo madadarUpa banyA hatA, to bIjI bAju bhAudAjI, bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, ghanazyAma bhaTTa ane maNizaMkara kIkANI jevA tatkAlIna vidvAno pAsethI temaNe potAnAM saMzodhana kArya aMgenI preraNA ane protsAhana meLavyAM hatAM. vallabhajI ha. AcArya saMskRta ane gujarAtI bhASAnA lekhaka, anuvAdaka, zikSaka, pravAsI, purAvida, prAcIna lipi niSNAta, sikkAzAstrI rabiMga kaLAnA niSNAta, saMzodhaka, kyUreTara ane itihAsakAra tarIkenI bahumukhI pratibhA dharAvatA hatA. asaMkhya zilAlekho tathA tAmrapatronA rabIMga "vallabhavilAsa' nAmano kAvyasaMgraha, vaoNTsana-viyoga nAmanuM karuNAsabhara vaoNTsananuM jIvanacaritra, hastalikhita DAyarI, kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgrahanI racanAmAM voTsanane karelI madada, azokanA zilAlekhanI vAcanAnI ra7mI paMktinuM zuddhikaraNa, guMdAnI vAva, gaMgAvAva ane rANIvAvanA lekho, sudarzana taLAvanA sthaLanuM saMzodhana ane boriyA stUpanuM utpanna tathA 'jharabe jUnAgaDha sikkAo aMgenI mAhitI vagere temanAM dhyAnAkarSaka pradAna gaNAvI zakAya. temanI bahumukhI pratibhAno vAraso temaNe potAnA putra girajAzaMkara AcAryane Apyo hato, je temaNe barAbara jALavI pitAnI itihAsa saMzodhana pravRttine AgaLa dhapAvI hatI. Ama itihAsakAronI navI peDhI UbhI karavAnI itihAsakAranI pharaja vallabhajIe barAbara nibhAvI hatI ema kahI zakAya. ItihAsakAra tarIke temanAmAM udyamaparAyaNatA, dhairya, khaMta, satya mATeno Agraha, vizleSaNAtmaka tathA vaijJAnika paddhati, vividha prakAranA sAdhanonuM ekatrIkaraNa ane tenI pUrepUrI cakAsaNI ane prajAne saraLatAthI samajAI jAya tevI saraLa zailImAM Alekhana jevA guNo hatA. ogaNIsamI sadImAM jayAre gujarAtamAM itihAsa saMzodhana tathA Alekhana aMge ghaNI nirasatA pravartatI hatI, tyAre temaNe A kSetre bajAvelI kAmagIrI ane pradAna ajoDa, anupama ane anukaraNIya hatuM ema kahI zakAya. saMdarbho 1. "gujarAtI", muMbaI, 22-1-1911, pR.13pa 2. desAI, zAha, 'jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', jUnAgaDha, 1975, pR. 177 : 3. Junagadh District Gazetteer, Ahmedabad, 1975, p. 718 Ibid, p. 718 gujarAtI", pUrvokata, pR. 13pa 6. "AcArya vallabhajI haridattanI hastalikhita DAyarI', pR. 165. 7. "gujarAtI", pUrvokta, pR. 135 8. AcArya vallabhajI haridatta, "voTsana viyoga', vaDhavANa, 1896, TAiTala peja. AcArya vAha nI DAyarI, pUrvokta, pR. 6 jozIpurA, jApu, "maNizaMkara kIkANI', vaDodarA, 1920, pR. 32 11. desAI, zaMha , "jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', pUrvoktagraMtha, pR. 174 12. "gujarAtI", pUrvokta, pR. 135 13. AcArya vAhInI DAyarI, pUrvokta, pR. 35 14. desAI, za... jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', pUrvokta graMtha, pR. 176 15. "gujarAtI", pUrvokta, pR. 135 16. kikANI e.ema., jUnAgaDha rAjayano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', aprakAzita pIeca.DI.no mahAnibaMdha, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa, 1990, pR. 450. 10. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 115 For Private and Personal Use Only

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17. AcArya vAha.nI DAyarI, pUrvokta, pR. 6 18. ejana 19. ejana pR. 13 20. "kAThiyAvADa TAImsa", rAjakoTa, tA. 3-7-1888 21. kikANI, e. ema., pUrvokta, mahAnibaMdha, pR. 45ra 22. Wetson, J.W.- Kathiawar Gazetteer, Mumbai, 1884, Preface. 23. AcArya vAha.nI DAyarI - pUrvokta, pR. 9 ane 46 24. parIkha ane zAstrI (saMpA) - "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 2, amadAvAda, 1972, pR. 342 25. pUrvokta, pR. 342-43 tathA AcArya vAha.nI DAyarI. 28. H. Cousens, Report on Boria Stupa near Junagadh, J.R.A.S. of Bengal, Vol.-60, P.I. P. 17-23 29. Acharya V.H., A Short Account of Principal places of Antiquity in and about Junagadh. 28. "saurASTra darpaNa", sAmayika, jUnAgaDha, jAnyuArI, 1878, pR.10-12 26. Acharya G.V., Historical Inscriptions of Gujarat, Bombay, 1933, p. 12-13 30. Watson Museum Annual Report, 1907-08, p. 11. 31. Watson Museum Annual Report, 1907-08, p. 9 and 14 32. Watson Museum Annual Report, 1907-08, p. 16 33. zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke, "bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInuM jIvanacaritra', amadAvAda, 1945, pR. 73 38. Watson Museum Annual Report, 1907-08, p. 13 pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 116 For Private and Personal Use Only

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girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya prA. DaoN. kalpA e. mANeka* saurASTra pradeza e 222 dezI rAjayono pradeza hato. temAM jUnAgaDhanuM rAjya e sauthI moTuM ane mahattvanuM hatuM. tyAM 1747 thI 1947 sudhInAM 200 varSo daramyAna bAbI vaMzanA navAbo zAsana karatA hatA. jUnAgaDha e giranA jaMgala ane tenA siMho mATe prasiddha che. to jUnAgaDhe ja bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, vallabhajI haridatta AcArya tathA temanA putra girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya jevI itihAsakAra tripuTInI bheTa ApI che. temAM paNa pitA vallabhajI ane temanA putra girajAzaMkara AcAryanuM purAvazeSIya kSetranuM pradAna mahattvanuM che. mahArASTranA Ara.jI.bhAMDArakara ane DI.Ara.bhAMDArakaranI jema gujarAtanA A pitA-putranI joDIe saurASTranA aneka abhilekho, sikkAo, purAvazeSo vagereno abhyAsa karI tenI vigato samAja samakSa rajU karI itihAsanI amUlya sevA karI che. saurASTra-gujarAtanA itihAsanA saMzodhanamAM temanuM pradAna atyaMta mahattvanuM gaNAya che. prAraMbhika jIvana : saMzodhaka, vidvAna, purAvid ane itihAsakAra pitAnA putra evA girajAzaMkara AcArya vize kahI zakAya ke - "moranA IMDA cItaravA na paDe" te uktine temaNe sArthaka karI batAvI hatI. girajAzaMkara AcAryano janma jUnAgaDhamAM vaDanagarA nAgara kuTuMbamAM 1881mAM thayo hato. temanA baMne hAthe rAyaNa jevaDI chaThThI AMgaLI hatI. temAMthI jamaNA hAthanI chaThThI AMgaLI DaoN. tribhovana pAse kapAvI nAkhI hatI. temaNe prAthamika cAra dhoraNa sudhInuM zikSaNa jUnAgaDhamAM meLavyuM hatuM. pachI hAIskUlanuM zikSaNa rAjakoTanI AlphaDa hAIskUlamAM meLavyuM hatuM. chaThThI sTAnDarDa (hAlanA dasamA dhoraNa)mAM ucca guNAMka sAthe pAsa thaI temaNe hebarTa lAsa skolarazipa meLavI hatI. meTrikanI parIkSA temaNe amadAvAda kendramAMthI ApI hatI. pachIthI kolejanA prathama varSamAM amadAvAdanI gujarAta kolejamAM praveza meLavyo hato. tevAmAM jUnAgaDhamAM bahAudIna kaoNleja zarU thatAM temAM dAkhala thayA hatA. ane bI.e.nI DigrI meLavI hatI. te daramyAna umareTha hAIskUlamAM eka varSa rUpiyA 30nA mAsika pagArathI zikSaka banyA. pachIthI nokarI choDI muMbaI gayA hatA. tyAM ema.e. tathA pharsTa elaela.bI.nA vargamAM praveza meLavyo hato. te daramyAna plega phATI nIkaLatA ane pitA vallabhajIne pakSAghAtano humalo thatAM abhyAsa paDato mUkI vatanamAM AvI gayA hatA. ema.e.mAM nApAsa thayA paraMtu pAli abhilekha-vidyAmAM pAsa thayA ane parIkSakanuM sarTiphikeTa meLavI rAjakoTa AvI gayA. rAjakoTamAM tyAre temanA pitA vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara hatA. teo nAdurasta tabiyatane kAraNe rajA upara hatA. tethI vaoNTsana myujhiyamamAM kyureTaranI jagyA mATe temaNe arajI karatAM phebruArI, 1909mAM temane 75-5-10 nA pagAra dhoraNamAM kyureTara tarIke nimaNUka apAI hatI? voTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIke : I.sa. 1909 thI 1919 sudhI teo rAjakoTanA voTsana myujhiyamamAM kyureTara rahyA hatA. vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA prathama kyureTara tarIke temanA pitA hatA ane pachIthI bIjA kyureTara tarIke girajAzaMkara AcArya nimAyA hatA. 1909 thI 1919 daramyAnathI temanI kayureTara tarIkenI kAmagIrInI vigato rAjakoTanA vaoNTsana * rIDara, itihAsa vibhAga, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 117 For Private and Personal Use Only

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myujhiyamanA vArSika ahevAlomAMthI maLI rahe che. pitAnI jema temaNe paNa saurASTranAM aneka sthaLono pravAsa karIne tenI jhINavaTapUrvaka vigato AlekhI che. vaLI kyureTara tarIke vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA tatkAlIna niyama anusAra varSamAM traNa mahinA vividha sthaLono abhyAsakIya saMzodhanAtmaka rIte pravAsa karavAnuM pharajiyAta hatuM. temaNe aneka sthaLoethI zilAlekho ke tAmrapatronI chApa ekaThI karI hatI. pitA ane putranI kyureTaronI A joDIe lIdhelI chAponA AdhAre temanA pachInA kyureTara DI.bI.disakalakare (1919 thI 1929 sudhI vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara) 'inkripzansa oNpha kAThiyAvADa" nAmano saMgraha taiyAra karyo hato. girajAzaMkara AcArye aneka zilAlekhonI chApa ane tAmrapatronI chApa lIdhI hatI tathA aneka prAcIna sikkAo vagereno myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM umero karyo hato. temaNe ziyALabeTamAM purAtattvIya kSetrAnveSaNa paNa karyuM hatuM. paraMtu tenA anveSaNanA ahevAlamAM mahadaMze sthAnika lokakathAnuM varNana ApeluM jovA maLe che. Ama temaNe vividha sthaLono pravAsa karIne zilAlekho, tAmrapatro, sikkAo purAvazeSo vagere meLavIne myujhiyamane samRddha banAvyuM hatuM. myujhiyamanA keTalAka tAmrapatra-lekho ane zilAlekho aMgenA abhyAsasaMpUrNa lekho temaNe saMzodhana sAmayikomAM paNa prasiddha karyA hatA. temAM paNa khAsa karIne 1917-18nA varSamAM temaNe cAra lekho taiyAra karyA hatA. te A pramANe hatA : (1) kSatrapa rAjavIo (2) I.sa. 1137 no gALAno abhilekha (3) 525 I.sa. nA valabhInAM traNa tAmrapatrono abhyAsa (4) mehA jeThavAnA duhAonuM vivecana.deg temanA kyureTara tarIkenA kAryakALa daramyAna ja 1914-15mAM pazcima vartuLa muMbaInA Arkiyolojikala sarve oNpha inDiyAnA suparinTenDenTa DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara ane prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama, muMbaInA kyureTara zrI dIkSita vaoNTsana myujhiyamanI mulAkAte AvyA hatA, ane temanI kAmagIrIthI prabhAvita thayA hatA. pachIthI to zrI DI.Ara.bhAMDArakara sAthe temano paricaya mitratAmAM pariNamyo hato ane itihAsanA vividha viSayo aMge teo patravyavahAra dvArA carcA karatA hatA. e arasAmAM ja karnala je. Dabalyu vaoNTsananA putra lepha. sI.Ara.vaoNTsane potAnA pitAnI smRtimAM baMdhAyelA A myujhiyamanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. yogAnuyoga evo hato ke vaoNTsananI smRtimAM sthapAyelA A myujhiyamanA prathama kyureTara vallabhajI haridata AcArya hatA, jemanA upara vaoNTsananI ghaNI prIti hatI. vaoNTsananA putre A myujhiyamanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre vallabhajI AcAryanA putra girajAzaMkara kyureTara hatA. sI.Ara. vaoNTsane myujhiyama ane tenI jALavaNI joIne khuzI vyakta karI hatI. tyAra pachI 1917-18mAM pazcima vartuLa muMbaInA purAtattva sarvekSaNa khAtAnA suparinTenDenTa rAkhAladAsa benarjI ane madadanIza suparinTenDanTa DaoN. vI.esa.sukathanakare vaoNTsana myujhiyamanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. myujhiyamanA sikkAono saMgraha joIne teo khuza thayA hatA.19 vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIke girajAzaMkara AcArye aneka sthaLonI mulAkAta laI je te sthaLono sthAnika itihAsa jANavAno prayatna karyo hato. e rIte jANe ke grAma-sarvasaMgraha yojanAno temaNe parokSa pAyo nAkhyo hato, ema kahI zakAya. vaLI e rIte prAdezika itihAsanA mahattvane temaNe ujAgara karyuM hatuM. 191011mAM temaNe araDoI, mAcaraDA, dANIdhAra, dAdara, kaiyA, jAmajodhapura, dhrAphA, zeTha vaDALA, vanANA, nAnIgopa bhANavaDa, Dhebara, pAstara, moDapara, ghumalI, bilezvara, rANAvAva, chAyAM, kAMTelA, porabaMdara vagere gAmonI pathika - traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 118 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. to 1912-13nA varSamAM temaNe sulatAnapura, bagasarA, karajALA, kuMDalA, amaratavela, gAdhakaDA, thoraDI, citrAsara, ziyALabeTa, savAIpIra, cAcuDA, bherAI, rAjulA, DuMDAsa, khuMTavaDA, mahuvA, bhAdroDa, teraDI, kalasA, koTaDA, dAThA, jhAMjhamera, gopanAtha, taLAjA, sulatAnapura, maNAra, trApaja, alaMga, dihora, TimANA, pANItANA, coka, vaMDA, haThIlA, gAriyAdhAra vagere gAmonI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI.12 varSa 1913-14nA ahevAlamAM jaNAvyA pramANe temaNe caMdrAsara, sithApura, khoDa, veLAvadara, rAvaLiyAvadara, khAMbhaLI, jagaDavA, methANa, dhrAMgadhrA, koMDha, vasAvaDa, haDiyANA, kola, khAravA, aDAlaja, vagere gAmonI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. varSa 1916-17mAM temaNe jUnAgaDha, uparakoTa, jUnA somanAtha, pAlItANA, gaDhaDA, bhADalA, parabaDI, cobArI, bhImorA, vichIyA, hiMgoLagaDha, bhoyarA vagere gAmonI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI.11 to 1917-18nA varSamAM temaNe giranAra parvata, dhuA, mAthaka, dahisarA, ghAMTIlA, khAkharecI, mALiyA, morabI, AmaraNa vagere gAmonI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. Ama 1910 thI 1918 nA varSo daramyAna saurASTranA aneka gAmonI mulAkAta laI tyAMnuM aitihAsika ane purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa karavAnuM mahattvanuM kAma temaNe karyuM hatuM. voTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIke temaNe keTalAka navA zilAlekho meLavyA hatA. aitihAsika dRSTie te temanuM mahattvanuM pradAna gaNAvI zakAya. temAMthI mukhya A pramANe hatA. haLavadamAMthI zaraNezvara mahAdevanI vAvamAMthI I.sa.15ra7 no lekha zodhyo hato. te lekhanI vizeSatA e che ke temAM I.sa. 1392 thI 1525 sudhInA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI uparAMta rAjAonI patnIonAM nAma paNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A lekhanI vigato haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAnI vinaMtIthI temane pUrI pADI hatI. tevI ja rIte ghelA somanAthamAMthI temaNe vikrama saMvata 1850 (I.sa. 1794) no lekha zodhyo hato. temAM bhAvanagaranA rAjavI vakhatasiMhajI tyAM AvyAno ane maMdiramAM pUjA karyAno ullekha che. temanA prayatnothI navAnagara tAbAnA dAdara gAmamAMthI vikrama saMvata 1669 (I.sa. 1613)no naMdavANA brAhmaNe eka maMdira baMdhAvyAno lekha che. temAM dilhInA pAdazAha salImazAha ane jAmanagaranA jAma zatruzalyanA nAma che. kAThiyAvADa sarvisaMgrahamAM A varSa I.sa. 1608nuM darzAveluM che te kharuM nathI, ema temaNe 16 13 nA A lekhathI puravAra karyuM hatuM. Ama itihAsamAM satyazodhana karI, azuddhio dUra karI tenuM punaH lekhana karavAmAM temaNe mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. tevI ja rIte vikrama saMvata 1688 (I.sa. 163ra)no lekha porabaMdara tAbAnA bilezvara gAmamAMthI temane maLyo hato. te eka pALiyA-lekha che. temAM kAbulI pAlakhAna ane koI kAThInI vacce jhaghaDo thayAnuM ane temAM te kAbulI marAyAnI vigato che. Ama kAbulI loko mughala zAsanamAM ATale dUra sudhI AvatA hatA tevuM lekhathI jANI zakAya che.18 uparAMta bhAvanagara zodha-khAtA taraphathI prasiddha thayela aMgrejI graMthamAM khAparA koDiyAnA bhoyarAmAMthI kSatraponA samayano eka prAcIna lekha nIkaLela te be bhAgamAM che ane hAla te jUnAgaDhamAM che, tevI temAM noMdha che. te lekha kyo ane kyAM che te aMge jUnAgaDhanA myujhiyamanA kyureTara sArAbhAI tulasIdAsa puchAvatAM zrI girajAzaMkara AcArya jaNAveluM ke te lekha khAparA-koDiyAnA bhoMyarAno nahIM paNa bAvA khArAnA bhoMyarAno che, tema puravAra kareluM. 19 Ama ItihAsanI hakIkatonI ghaNI kSatio dUra karI ItihAsa-saMzodhananI pravRttine temaNe vega Avyo hato. AvI ja rIte girajAzaMkara AcArye potAnA saMzodhana-pravAsa daramyAna jhAlAvaDa (surendranagara) prAMtamAM sithA pAsenA caMdrAsara taLAvano lekha vikrama saMvata 1534 (I.sa. 1478) vAMcI tyAra sudhInI pracalita mAhitIne khoTI TharAvI hatI. A pUrve ema manAtuM ke A taLAva vikrama saMvata 1634mAM jhAlA rAjavI caMdrasiMhajIe baMdhAyeluM. paraMtu jhINavaTathI vAMcIne abhyAsa karIne zrI AcArye jaNAvyuM ke te taLAva vikrama saMvata 1934mAM nahIM paNa vikrama saMvata 1534mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. Ama jUnI ane navI mAhitI vacce 100 varSano pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 119 For Private and Personal Use Only

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taphAvata temaNe zodhI kADhyo hato. uparAMta temaNe e paNa zodhI kADhyuM ke te taLAva baMdhAvanAra caMdrasiMhajI nAmanA koI rAjavI na hatA, paraMtu dIpacaMdra nAmano eka jamInadAra hato. Ama temaNe muMbaI gejheTiara ane jemsa barjesanI muMbaI ilAkAnI prAcIna jagyAonI je yAdI che temAMnI vigato khoTI TharAvI sAcI hakIkata bahAra lAvI ApI hatI. tevI ja rIte gALA pAsenA gaNapati maMdiranA lekhanuM varSa agAu vikrama saMvata 1191 thI 95 vaccenuM darzAveluM te 1193 thI 1195 vikrama saMvata vaccenuM puravAra karyuM hatuM.21 .. Ama 1909 thI 1919 nI vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIkenI temanI kAmagIrI prazaMsanIya rahI hatI. A myujhiyamanA vArSika ahevAlomAM paNa temanI kAmagIrInI noMdha levAI hatI. jemake 1913-14nA varSanA myujhiyamanA vArSika ahevAlamAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke - "kyureTara girajAzaMkara AcArya lekho taiyAra karI chapAvIne prasiddhimAM lAve che. temanA pitAnI jema teo paNa myujhiyama mATe khAsa abhimAna dharAve che, to jUnA lekho vAMcavA aMgenuM paNa khAsa asAdhAraNa jJAna dharAve che."ra prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIkenI kAmagIrI : temanI kAmagIrI, yogyatA, utsAha ane khaMta joIne temane mAsika rUpiyA 200nA pagArathI 1919mAM muMbaI presiDensImAM AsisTaMTa kyureTara nimavAmAM AvyA hatA. Ama 1919 thI 1939 nAM 20 varSo daramyAna teo prAraMbhamAM AsisTaMTa kyureTara tarIke ane pachIthI muMbaInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamanA kyureTara tarIke nimAyA hatA. muMbaI presiDensImAM AsisTaMTa kyureTara tarIke nimAyA pachI sau prathama 1919mAM pUnAmAM jaIne nimaNUkano cArja lIdho hato tyAre purAtattvIya sarvekSaNa khAtAnA pazcima vartuLanA niyAmaka DaoN. rAkhAladAsa benarjInI cembaramAM ja temanI ophisa hatI. sau prathama temaNe pUnA myujhiyamamAM sikkA tapAsavAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM. pachIthI khaMbhAta ane jUnAgaDhanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. tyAra pachI temane oNgasTa, 1920 mAM muMbaImAM baoNmbe brAMca oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTInA myujhiyamano sAmAna prinsa oNpha velsa muMbaImAM pheravavAnuM kAma soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, ane te myujhiyamanA AsisTaMTa kyureTara tarIkenI javAbadArI temane soMpAI hatI. e arasAmAM ja A myujhiyamanA sekreTarI mi.kiMga nivRtta thatAM teno cArja paNa temane soMpAyo hato.23 muMbaImAM AsisTaMTa kyureTara tarIke rahIne temaNe vividha kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. temaNe dhAravADa jaI tyAM myujhiyamamAM ziva, viSNu, brahmA ane devInA cAra moTA penala bhIMte lagADyA hatA, ane myujhiyamanuM navInIkaraNa karavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. pachIthI teo solApura ane kapaDavaMja jaIne tyAMthI keTalIka aitihAsika sAmagrI muMbaI laI AvyA hatA. muMbaInA prinsa oNpha vaeNlsa myujhiyamamAM temaNe prAgaitihAsika, brAhmaNakAlIna ane bauddhakAlIna jevI gelerIo zarU karI hatI. 1920-22mAM muMbaI ilAkAmAM AvelA siMdha prAtamAMnA moheMjo-DeromAM thayela utkhananamAMthI je avazeSo maLyA hatA teno aDadho hisso "muMbaI Trejhara Trova ekTa" mujaba muMbaInA A myujhiyama mATe saMbhALI levA zrI AcArya, myujhiyamanA gelerI AsisTaMTa sI.Ara. siMghalane sAthe laI mohe-jo-Dero gayA hatA ane kula 26 peTIomAM te sAmagrI peka karI karAMcIthI muMbaI mokalAvI hatI.24 vividha pariSadomAM hAjarI ane sabhyapada : temaNe vividha pariSadamAM hAjarI ApI hatI ane aneka mahattvanI saMsthAomAM sabhyapada ane hoddAo paNa bhogavyA hatA. 1920 mAM pUnAmAM bharAyela prathama orienTala kaoNnpharansamAM DeligeTa tarIke temaNe hAjarI ApI hatI ane tenI sikkA samitinA sabhya nimAyA hatA. je sikkAzAstrI tarIkenI temanI yogyatAnuM sanmAna hatuM, ema kahI zakAya. pachIthI nyUmisameTika sosAyaTInI udayapuramAM yojAyelI vArSika pariSadamAM teo hAjara rahyA hatA ane 'kSatraponA cAMdInA sikkAo' upara saMzodhana lekha rajU karyo hato. tyAra pachI alhAbAdamAM pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 120 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paNa bhUmisameTika sosAyaTInI vArSika pariSada ke.pI. jayasvAlanA pramukhapade bharAyelI temAM paNa hAjara rahI carcAomAM sakriya bhAga lIdho hato. ahIM ke.pI.jayasvAla sAthe temano paricaya vadhyo hato. to madrAsamAM yojAyelI orienTala konpharansamAM temaNe "muMbaI presiDensInA pALiyAo" upara saMzodhana lekha vAMcyo hato. tevI ja rIte trAvaNakora,maisUra ane vaDodarAmAM orienTala konpharansa bharAyelI temAM hAjara rahI carcAomAM sakriya bhAga lIdho hato. Ama akhila bhAratIya dhoraNe vividha pariSadomAM temaNe bhAga laI pote karelAM saMzodhanone je te viSayanA vidvajano nI hAjarImAM rajU karI saMzodhakonI cAhanA meLavI hatI. temanI vividhalakSI kAmagIrI ane vidvattAne dhyAnamAM laI temane itihAsa saMzodhananI vividha saMsthAomAM sthAna maLyuM hatuM. jema ke baoNmba brAMca oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTImAM sabhyapada, pachI tenI kArobArInuM sabhyapada ane pachIthI tenuM upapramukha pada maLyuM hatuM. to enthropolojikala sosAyaTImAM teo pramukha nimAyA hatA. te uparAMta bomba hisTorikala sosAyaTI, buddhisTika sosAyaTI ane nyUminmeTika sosAyaTImAM prathama madadanIza maMtrI ane pachI koSAdhyakSa nimAyA hatA. anya kAmagIrI : jema. . esa. saradesAI pote mAtra bI.e. hatA ane ke.kA.zAstrI mAtra meTrika che chatAM teo ema.e. ke saMzodhana nibaMdhanA parIkSaka nimAtA hatA, te temanA jJAnanuM mahattva ane temanA jJAna pratye ucca zikSaNanI saMsthAono Adara darzAve che. te banne mahAnubhAvonI jema ja girajAzaMkara AcArya paNa 1934 thI 40 daramyAna muMbaInI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM, 1940 thI 4ra mAM inTara ArTsanI parIkSAmAM ane 1942-43mAM bI.e.nI parIkSAmAM pAli viSayanA parIkSaka nimAyA hatA. uparAMta pote mAtra bI.e. hovA chatAM ema.e. ane pIeca.DI.nA mahAnibaMdhanA parIkSaka paNa rahyA hatA.25 sapTembara 1939mAM teo vayamaryAdAne kAraNe prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamanI sevAmAMthI kyureTara tarIke nivRtta thayA ane muMbaIthI AvIne vatana jUnAgaDhamAM vasyA hatA. vatanamAM paNa teo 1947 nI 1958 sudhI jUnAgaDha hATakezvara kamiTImAM pramukha ane TrasTIphaMDamAM TrasTI rahyA hatA. to jUnAgaDha myunisipAliTImAM cAra varSa sudhI niyukta sabhya rahyA hatA. tajajJa tarIke : 1948mAM navA racAyelA saurASTra rAjaye temane 1949-50mAM saurASTranA purAtattva khAtAmAM salAhakArI tajjJa nimyA hatA. tethI teo jUnAgaDhathI rAjakoTa AvyA hatA. temanA A kAryakALa daramyAna jUnAgaDhanA iMTavA sUpanuM utpanana e temanuM mahattvanuM pradAna gaNAvI zakAya. iTavA sUpanuM utpanana : girajAzaMkara AcAryanA pitA vallabhajI jUnAgaDha pAsenA boriyA stUpanA utpanana sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. boriyAnA stUpanA saMzodhana pahelAM eka bIjA stUpa evA IMTavAnA stUpa tarapha I.sa. 1880 pahelA dhyAna gayuM hatuM. paraMtu game te kAraNe tenuM utpanana hAtha dharAyuM na hatuM. tyAra pachI cheka 1949mAM girajAzaMkara AcArya A sUpanuM utpanana karyuM hatuM. IMTavA sthaLa jUnAgaDhathI IzAna dizAmAM 4.8 kilomITara dUra AveluM che. A vistAramAMthI pracura pramANamAM pAkI IMTo maLI AvatI hovAthI loko e sthaLane "ITavA" kahetA.28 A stUpa 18" x 12" X 3" nI mApanI IMTothI bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM naiRtya khUNAmAM 20'x30 nI lAMbI pharasa maLI che. te pathika *amAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 121 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prArthanA-khaMDa hovAnuM anumAna che. 29 vaLI teno pUrva bhAgamAM 10x10' nA 6 khaMDo ane rada'x10' no eka khaMDa paNa maLyo che. A sthaLethI caTaNI vATavAno paththara, ThIkarAM, abarakhanA TukaDA, tolamApo, mATInAM vAsaNo jevA ke kuMjA , pyAlA, koDiyAM, mudrAMkana vagere prApta thayAM che.* A stUpa ddhasena vihAra tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. tyAMthI je mudrAMkana maLyuM che temAM "mahArAja ruddhasena vihAra bhikSu saMghasya" lakhANa che. Ama prastuta mudrA e mahArAja rudrasene baMdhAvela vihAranA bhikSu saMghanI che. 33 A vihAramAMthI zrI girajAzaMkara AcArya kSatrapanA be rUpAnA ane tAMbAnA nAnA sikkA tathA TerAkoTAnI eka kSatrapa sIliMga zodhI kADhela te jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM pradarzita karelI che. hindanA prAcIna sikkA" uparano temano phArbasa gujarAtanI sabhAnA saimAsika chapAyelA lekha khUba prazaMsA pAmyo hato. sikkAzAstra aMgenI temanI UMDI samaja ane saMzodhananuM temAM pratibiMba paDe che. InDogrIka, kuzANa, kSatrapa, gupta, dakSiNa hinda ane AMdha vagere vaMzanA sikkAonI temAM vizleSaNAtmaka vigatapUrNa mAhitI rajU karI hatI. ItihAsa Alekhana kSetre temaNe vividha vidvAnoe purAtattva kSetre je kheDANa karelAM te tamAmanuM saMkalana karI "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho" nAmanA traNa graMthonI racanA karI che. te graMtho kramazaH 1933, 1935 ane 194ramAM prasiddha thayA hatA. teo ema mAnatA hatA ke itihAsa saMzodhananI prakriyA e satata cAlatI prakriyA che. tethI temaNe potAnA uparokta graMthonA bhAga-1nI prastAvanAmAM noMdhyuM che ke- "aitihAsika sAdhanono saMgraha eka viziSTa pravRtti che. te haMmezA apUrNa ja rahevAno, kAraNa ke je pakSa atyAre mAnya gaNAya che te have pachI navAM sAdhanonI prApti pachI kadAca tyAjya gaNAya evo paNa saMbhava che."34 mUlyAMkana : Ama girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya potAnA pitAnI jema itihAsanA eka saMniSTha abhyAsI ane saMzodhaka hatA. temaNe aneka zilAlekho zodhI tenI punaH vAcanA karI jUnI pracalita mAnyatAone pramANa sAthe khoTI TharAvI sAcI hakIkato rajU karI itihAsanuM punaH lekhana karavAmAM upayogI pradAna karyuM che. vaLI vividha sthaLoethI sikkAo meLavI teno abhyAsa karI je te pradezanA itihAsane temaNe navI mAhitIthI samRddha karyo che. uparAMta IMTavAnA stUpanuM utpanana karI temAMthI prApta avazeSone AdhAre saurASTramAM bauddha dharmanI asara tathA sthApatya aMgenI vigato prakAzamAM ANI che. Ama girajAzaMkara AcAryanA itihAsa, purAtattva, abhilekha vidyA, lipizAstra, sikkAzAstra myujhiyolojI vagere kSetromAM pradAnane kAraNe teo gujarAtanA itihAsakAromAM atyaMta mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. saMdarbho 1. AcArya girajAzaMkara vallabhajInI hastalikhita DAyarI, pR. 1-2 2. ejana 3. vaoNTsana myujhiyama vArSika riporTa varSa, 1910-11, pR. 1 4. zAstrI ane parIkha (saMpA.) "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa" graMtha-8, amadAvAda, 1984, pR. 583 ane 587 5. ejana, pR. 576 6. ejana, pR. 583 7. vaoNTsana myujhiyama vArSika ahevAla varSa-1917-18, pR. 2 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 122 For Private and Personal Use Only

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8. vaoNTsana myujhiyama vArSika ahevAla varSa-1915-16, pR. 12 9. ejana. 10. AcArya gi.va.nI DAyarI, pUrvokta, pR. 5 11. vaoNTsana myujhiyama, vArSika ahevAla varSa - 1910-11, pR. 12 thI 24 12. vaoNTsana myujhiyama, vArSika ahevAla varSa - 19-12-16, pR. 12 thI 30 13. 1913-14, pR. 17 thI 29 14. 1916-17, pR. 15 thI 17 15. 1917-18, pR. 9 thI 13 16. 1912-13, pR. 9 tathA 1916-17 pR. 14 17. 1910-11, pR. 1 18. ejana. 19. ejana, pR. 11 20. vaoNTsana myujhiyama, vArSika ahevAla, varSa 1913-14, 8 21. ejana, pR. 9 22. vaoNTsana myujhiyama, vArSika ahevAla varSa, 1913-14, pR. 7 23. AcArya girajAzaMkara vi.nI DAyarI, pUrvokta, pR.8 24. ejana, pR. 21 thI 23 25. ejana, pR. 9 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 26. "saurASTranA darpaNa", jUnAgaDha, jAnyuArI, 1880, pR. 17-18 27. majamudAra, ema. Ara. (saMpA.) "kronolojI oNpha gujarAta', vaDodarA 1960, pR. 92 tathA DaoN. kIkANI e.ema.no pIeca.DI. mahAnibaMdha "jUnAgaDha rAjyano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa", rAjakoTa, 1990, pR. 453 28. parIkha ane zAstrI (saMpA.) gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha-2, amadAvAda, 1972, pR. 344 29. desAI, zaMbhuprasAda, ha. - "saurASTrano itihAsa", jUnAgaDha, 1968, pR. 58 30. desAI, zaMbhuprasAda ha. "jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', jUnAgaDha, 1975, pR. 22 31. nANAvaTI, jayendrarAyano lekha "pathika" amadAvAda, julAI, 1968 32. jUnAgaDha DisTrikaTa gejheTiara, amadAvAda, 1975, pR. 210 33. epigrAphIo inDikA, vaoNlyuma 28, pR. 174 34. AcArya, gi.va.- "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho', bhAga-1, muMbaI-1933, prastAvanA, pR. 2 * pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 - 123 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra maganalAla dalapatarAma khakhkhara maganalAla dalapatarAma khakhkhara nareza aMtANI* kacchanA itihAsa-purAtattvane ujAgara karavAmAM keTalAya dezIvidezI nAmI ane anAmI itihAsakAro- e potAnuM yogadAna ApyuM che. AvA ja, eka itihAsakAra maganalAla dalapatarAma khakhkharano janma rAjakoTamAM devakorabAInI kUkhe 11mI navembara 1870nA roja thayo hato. emanA pitA sva. dalapatarAma prANajIvana khakhkharanuM paNa kacchanA zikSaNa nirIkSaka tarIke ane kacchanA purAtattvI sarvekSaNamAM moTuM yogadAna hatuM. maganalAla khakhkharanuM bALapaNa bhujamAM vItyuM. bhujanI zALAmAM gujarAtI ane aMgrejInuM zikSaNa meLavyA pachI ucca abhyAsa muMbaImAM karyo. 1888 mAM zALAMtanI parIkSA pasAra karyA pachI kAyadA ane ekAunTanA viSayono paNa abhyAsa karyo. nANAkIya bAbatonA niSNAta hovAthI emanA vyavasAyano AraMbha paNa muMbaInI phorTa presa nAmanI peDhImAM thayo. e pachI aneka peDhIonuM kuzaLatApUrvaka vyavasthAnuM kArya emaNe saMbhALela hatuM. kAyadAnA snAtaka hoI I.sa. 1897mAM nyAyamaMDaLamAM dAkhala thayA. I.sa. 1901mAM muMbaInA nyAyAdhIza pade paNa ArUDha thayA. vyavasAya ane kAyadAnI AMTIghUMTI vacce paNa emaNe potAnA pitAno sAco vAraso paNa jALavI rAkhyo hato. kacchanA itihAsa ane purAtattva-kSetre emanuM lekhana-kArya avirata cAlu rahyuM hatuM. : emanuM sarvaprathama pustaka eka anuvAdanAM rUpamAM maLe che H sarvAnandasUri e racela "jagar3a caritano anuvAda emaNe I.sa. 1896mAM karyo ane pachI emanI lekhanayAtrA avirata cAlI che emanI kalama kacchanI aitihAsika ghaTanAo parathI aitihAsika navalakathAo lakhavA para vadhAre pramANamAM cAlI che. emanI aitihAsika navalakathAomAM khAsa karIne "suMdara sodAgara", 'jAma abaDo ane siMdhanI sumaTIo" "siMdhano jAma lAkho dhudhAro", "kacchanA rAva zrI kheMgArajI pahelA", "AjI ane punarojI", "bherIyo-gArUDI", "lAkho phulANI - jasamA oDaNa", "jAma puMaro - rANI rAjai", "jAma veNa ane jAma rAyadhaNa" "rAvazrI bhAramalajI', "rAvazrI dezaLajI", vagere emanI jANItI navalakathAo uparAMta emaNe kacchanA rAjavIonAM caritravarNano, kacchanA itihAsa-purAtattva ne saMdarbhita lekho, pravAsavarNano, vagere kSetre emanI kalama calAvI che. emanA lekho "kacchI jainimatra" "gujarAtI", "gujarAtI paMca", "buddhiprakAza" "dezI rAjya" vagere jevAM e samayanAM jANItAM sAmayikomAM satyamitra, muMbaI samAcAra' TAimsa oNpha inDiyAmAM paNa prasiddha thatA hatAM 'gujarAtI"mAM to emanI navalakathAo dhArAvAhika rUpe prasiddha thatI. keTalIya navalakathAo emaNe jAte paNa prakAzita karI che, to keTalIka navalakathAo jANItI prakAzaka saMsthA me. ena. ela. kaMpanI, muMbaI e paNa prakAzita karI che. * 22, bI - zivamapArka, nAnAyakSa pAse, mAdhApara, bhUja - (kaccha) pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 124 For Private and Personal Use Only

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emaNe satata I.sa. 1896 thI 1945 sudhI arthAt pacAsa varSa sudhI emanI lekhanayAtrA cAlu rAkhI hatI. maganalAla khakhkhara lekhaka uparAMta saMpAdaka paNa rahyA. "brahmakSatriya cakSu" nAmanuM mAsika paNa temanA saMpAdana heThaLa prasiddha thatuM. satata lekhanapravRttimAM vyasta rahetA hovA chatAM jAhera jIvanamAM emanuM yogadAna raheluM che. I.sa. 1916thI 1919 sudhI muMbaI mahAnagarapAlikAmAM bhulezvara vistAranA pratinidhi tarIke sadasya pada paNa saMbhALela hatuM. to yaMga mensa liTararI sosAyaTI, dhI premAbAI risarca kamiTI, zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA jevI saMsthAomAM sakriya rIte joDAyela hatA. teo chelle "jasTisa opha pIsa' (zAMtinA sulehagAra) tarIke nivRtta thayA hatA. Ama, itihAsa, purAtattva, zikSaNa ane nyAya jevAM aneka kSetromAM sakriya yogadAna ApanAra maganalAla dalapatarAma khakhkharanuM 28mI Disembara, 1948nA roja muMbaI khAte avasAna thayuM hatuM. emane rAva sAhebano khitAba paNa maLela hato. emanA jIvana ane kathana aMge gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, prakAzita "graMtha ane graMthakAra", ''gujarAtanA sArasvato" le. ke. kA. zAstrI vageremAMthI vizeSa jANakArI maLe che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 0 125 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prastAvanA : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa (1895-1955):gujarAtanA eka samartha itihAsakAra saMjaya brahmabhaTTa* ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa gujarAtanA eka siddhahasta itihAsakAra hovA uparAMta sAhitya ane saMgItanA paNa tajJa hatA. koIpaNa itihAsakAra ke anya vidvAnanI kRtione samajavAmAM tenuM kuTuMba, jJAti tathA saMdarbha vartuLa (Reference Group) mahattvanuM che. A siddhAMtanA saMdarbhamAM ratnamaNirAvanI kauTuMbika ane jJAti-viSayaka paraMparAonI saMkSiptamAM mAhitI ApI che. ratnamaNirAvanI zAti ane kauTuMbika paraMparA H ratnamaNirAva keLavaNI-viSayaka ane vahIvaTI paraMparA dharAvatI sAThodarA nAgara jJAtimAM janmyA hatA. muMbaI gaeNjheTiyare vaDanagarA ane sAThodarA nAgaro vize noMdhyuM che ke : "The Vadnagara and The Shadhodra Nagar's are handsome, Intelligent and pushing" sAThodarA jJAtimAM motIlAla lAlabhAI jevA kacchanA dIvAno ane raNachoDalAla choTAlAla jevA sAhasika udyogapatio thaI gayA che paNa A jJAtinI dhArmika paraMparAo paNa samajavA jevI che. jANItA itihAsakAra zivaprasAda rAjagore nodhyuM che te pramANe "nAgarono sAThodarA vibhAga patra cha gAma parathI thayo che. vIsaladeva vAdhelAe darbhAvatImAM (DabhoI) yajJa karIne narmadA kinArA paranA naDA, peMDA, thoAvI, tena, sAThoda ane kanyALI ema cha gAmo paikI mukhya gAma sAThoda hatuM tethI A cha gAmamAM vasanAra nAgaro sAThodarA nAgaro tarIke oLakhAya che." gujarAtanA suvikhyAta kavi dalapatarAmanA putra mohanalAle sAThodarA jJAti saMbaMdhI racela kAvyanI keTalIka paMktio nIce mujaba che, ane te sAThodarA jJAtinA kuLa, gotra ane veda saMbaMdhI mAhitI Ape che. "guNI sAThodarA zubha jJAti, sAmavedane zAkhA suhAtI; te to kauthamI nAma kahAve, zubha gotra parAzara suhAve. je veda zAkhA ane gotra, che A lakhanArA sarvatra; UMcAMmAM UMcuM kuLa te kuMcA, rUDA jana saune hRdayamAM rucyAM." ',,, ratnamaNirAvano janma kacchanA bhUja nagaramAM eka saMskArI ane vidyAvyAsaMgI kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. temanA pitAmaha mAdhavalAla polIsa adhikArI hovA chatAM AdhyAtmika ane sAMskRtika pravRttiomAM ghaNo rasa letA hatA. pAchalI avasthAmAM to teo saMnyAsI thaI gayA hatA. Aje paNa siddhapuranI sarasvatI nadIne kinAre temanI samAdhi astitva dharAve che. mAdhavanalAlanA putra bhImarAva saMgItapremI hovA uparAMta citrakAra temaja nATakakAra paNa hatA. temanAM patnI zAntAbena (ratnamaNirAvanAM mAtA) kuTuMba vAtsalyanI bhAvanAne varelAM hovA uparAMta samAjasevikA paNa hatAM. zAntAbenanA pitA te ja kacchanA dIvAna motIlAla lAlabhAI. Ama ratnamaNirAvane prApta thayela kauTuMbika vAraso paNa kiMmatI hato. ratnamaNirAvanA mAtRpakSa aMge A saMzodhana daramyAna mane prApta thayela ane virala gaNAya tevI vaMzAvaLI (mAtRpakSanI) nIce mujaba che. * D-55, ilA sosAyaTI, inDiyAkolonI, ThakkarabApAnagara roDa, amadAvAda-50 pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 126 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dayALajI kaMthAriyA : zaMkaradAsa kaMthAriyA (Azare 1714-1756) malajI (naDIyAdamAM) zAmaladAsa (amadAvAdamAM) cImanabhAI bAlAbhAI motIlAla = kaMkubAI (1842-1904) (1856-1886) caitanyaprasAda zAMtAbena =bhImarAva (1897-1973) (a. 1850) (a. 1940) ratnamaNirAva (1895-1955) ratnamaNirAvanA jIvana-ghaDataranAM varSo : ratnamaNirAve prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa amadAvAdamAM lIdhuM hatuM. Ara.sI. hAIskUlamAM teo jayAre bhaNatA hatA tyAre teonA prinsipAla tarIke gujarAtanA jANItA sAhityakAra ane vidvAna kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva hatA. ratnamaNirAvanuM zaikSaNika ghaDatara karavAmAM teoe ghaNo mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hato. tenA lIdhe ratnamaNirAva aMgrejI, gujarAtI temaja saMskRta bhASA uparAMta prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsamAM paNa pragati karatA gayA. A uparAMta suvikhyAta vidvAna AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruve paNa temanuM zaikSaNika ane cAritrya ghaDatara karavAmAM ghaNo bhAga bhajavyo hato. dhruva sAheba to A yuvAna vidyArthInA preraNA-mUrti samAna hatA. temaNe kaoNlejakALa daramyAna ratnamaNirAvane hiMdu dharma, vedAMta ane kAvyazAstramAM rasa letA karyA hatA. I.sa. 1919mAM covIsa varSanI vaye ratnamaNirAva saMskRta ane aMgrejI viSayo laIne gujarAta kolejamAMthI bI.e. pAsa thayA. teo taddana sAdAIthI rahetA ane nikhAlasa svabhAva dharAvatA hatA. temanA poSAkamAM lAMbo koTa, TopI, dhotiyuM ane pagamAM slIparo. temanA para pazcimanI saMskRtinI bAhya asara thaI na hatI. temaNe DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrInI jema bhAratIya saMskRtinA uttamouttama saMskAra jhIlyA hatA. temanA lakhANomAMthI paNa temano A abhigama prApta thaI zake che. A carcAne AdhAre have ApaNe ratnamaNirAvanI aitihAsika kRtionuM parIkSaNa karIzuM. ratnamaNirAvanA aitihAsika graMtho ane lekho : ratnamaNirAve temanA jIvanakALa daramyAna aneka graMtho ane lekho lakhyA temAMthI A saMzodhana lekhamAM keTalAka mahattvanA ane pradAnarUpa gaNAya tevA graMtho ane lekhone samAvavAmAM AvyA che. temanAM lakhANonI keTalIka vizeSatAo hatI teo aneka srotone AdhAre lakhatA ane vAcakanA lAbha mATe pAdanoMdha temaja saMdarbhasUci pUrI pADatAM. temanI bIjI viziSTatA e tarI Ave che ke teo vidvattAno DoLa karatA nahIM ke bhArekhama pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 127 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhASA vAparatA nahIM. mAtra ATaluM ja nahIM, teo temanA graMthomAM pasaMda karelAM citro ane phoTogrAphasa ApatA. AvAM kAraNosara temanA graMtho ane keTalAka lekho mAtra vidvAnone ja nahI paraMtu te sAmAnya vAcakane paNa AkrarSatA. A pUrvabhUmikAne AdhAre ratnamaNirAvanA graMtho ane lekhonuM siMhAvalokana karIzuM. graMtho : (1) "amadAvAdanuM sthApatya" temaNe A graMtha I.sa. 1929mAM prasiddha karyo hato. tenI sAthe temaNe racela "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda" (1929) graMthane sarakhAvavAthI khyAla AvI zake che ke "amadAvAdanuM sthApatya" graMtha sthApatya kalAno viziSTa abhyAsa hovAthI ane vaLI temAM atyaMta manoramya phoTogrAphsa darzAvavAmAM AvyA hovAthI Aje paNa A graMtha ghaNo mahattvano gaNI zakAya. ekavIsamA saikAmAM pravezI cUkelA AjanA itihAsakAro, sthapatio, TAuna-plAnaro je "sAMskRtika vArasA" (Cultural Heritage)nI vAta kare che tenA utkRSTa namUnArUpa A graMtha gaNAya. A graMthamAM amadAvAdanI masjido, maMdiro, havelIo ane anya sthApatyanA suMdara phoTogrAphsa ane skeca rajU karavAmAM AvyA che. vaLI temaNe hevaeNla (A Hand Book of Indian Art) tathA eca.jI.brigsa (Cities of Gurjarashtra) jevA graMthano upayoga karyo che. ratnamaNirAva kalArasika ane sthApatyanA jANakAra hatA. vaLI rajU karavAnI temanI rIta paNa AgavI hatI. tethI ja vAcaka sAthe jANe ke vArtAlAbha karatA hoya tevI bhASA ane zailIthI teo lakhatA tenuM eka udAharaNa nIce mujaba che : "gujarAtI sthapationI eka khAsa jAta somapurA brAhmaNone nAme jANItI hatI. moTAM moTAM bAMdhakAma somapurA sthapatione hAthe ane temanI dekharekha nIce taiyAra thatAM.. muslima rAjAo asala hindu hatA, rAjapUta hatA, paraMtu dharme musalamAna hatA. enI agAunuM sthApatya hindu sthApatyanA niyamo pramANe thatuM hatuM. hindu ane musalamAna dharmonAM tattvomAM je dekhIto bheda hato te ja temanA sthApatyanA siddhAMtomAM paNa hato. paraMtu vijetA paradharmI rAjAo sthApatya ane kalAmAM emanAthI ghaNA ja AgaLa vadhelA dezamAMthI AvyA hatA. sauMdaryanI bhAvanA ane bAMdhakAmano zokha to emanAmAM paNa hato ja. eTale makAno baMdhAvanAra vijetAo ane bAMdhanAra sthapatione paraspara sahakAra karyA vinA chUTako ja na hato." kalA ane sthApatyanI bAbatamAM ratnamaNirAve hindu-muslima sahakAranI vAta kevI adbhuta rIte karI (2) "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda Aje paNa rAjakAraNIo, vepArIo, bauddhiko, vahIvaTakartAo, zikSako temaja jAhera-jIvana sAthe saMkaLAyela strI-puruSo bIjuM kAMI nahIM to paNa "reDI repharansa" tarIke vasAve tevo daLadAra ane mAhitIpUrNa A graMtha che. tethI ja osTreliyana itihAsakAra kenetha gilIyane paNa A graMthanAM bharapaTTe vakhANa karyAM che. 824 pRSThomAM vaheMcAyela A graMtha pAchaLa sArA evA dravyano kharca thayo hato. paraMtu dravyakharcamAM emanA saMbaMdhI ane gujarAtanA "betAja bAdazAha" evA dAnezvarI - udyogapati cInubhAI beroneTa(1863-1916)nA kuTuMbIjanonI temane sahAya prApta thaI hatI. A cInubhAI-mAdhavalAla te gujarAtanA mila-udyoganA sthApaka raNachoDalAla choTAlAlanA pautra hatA. amadAvAdathI 1929 mAM prasiddha thayela A graMthamAM "bhUminI prAcInatA ane sAbaramatI" jevA prAcIna samayathI zarU karIne madhyakAlIna ane Adhunika amadAvAdanuM atyaMta mAhitIpUrNa ane rasaprada varNana che temAM rAjA mahArAjAo ane temanA mahelo, sthApatyo, poLo ane zerIo, khAnagI makAno, corA caTA pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 * 128 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ane bajAra. duSkALa ane hullaDo, amadAvAdanA nagarazeTho, milo, udyogo vagerenuM varNana vAMcanArane Aje paNa utsAha prere tevuM che. temAM amadAvAdanI myunisipAliTInI paNa vAta Ave tathA jImakhAnAo ane krikeTa, kalabonI paNa vAta Ave. vaLI jyAM jarUra paDe tyAM koI vidvAna ke kavinI kRtionI paMktio tathA zerazAyarIonA paNa vAcakane darzana jarUra thAya. udA; "vepAra-udyoga"nA prakaraNamAM temaNe suvikhyAta sAhityakAra ane vivecaka navalarAma lakSmIrAma paMDyAnI nIcenI paMktio mUkI che : gaI pAdazAhI ghaNA divasathI paNa zAhe raMga rAkhyo re, bAMdhI sADAtraNa tAMtaNe zahera ne dhaMdho pokAre rAkhyo re ? Ama samagra rIte jotAM "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAdamAM eka mahAmUlo graMtha che. (3) "zAhIbAga : amadAvAda" ratnamaNirAve A pustikA 1928mAM lakhI hatI ane te gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnA upapramukha DaoN. hariprasAda vrajalAla desAIe e saMsthA taraphathI prasiddha karI hatI. bhAratanA e samayanA suvikhyAta citrakAra ravizaMkara rAvale A pustikAne suzobhita karI che jemAM te samayanA zAhIbAgano eka suMdara nakazo che. ane zAhIbAgano suMdara phoTogrApha darzAvavAmAM Avela che. lekhake udyAnonuM mahattva samajAvatAM lakhyuM che ke : zAhIbAganI latA-kuMjo ane tenAM suMdara kiMmatI makAno jotAM ema lAgatuM ke AkhA dezamAM evo suMdara bagIco na hato. Akhoya dekhAva nIlamaratnanuM eka suMdara svama hoya tevo lAgato hato. A bagIcAne pANI pAvA mATe 11 kUvA karyA hatA ane 108 baLada, 30 mALI, eka gumAsto, eka darogo (vahIvaTadAra) ane 7 paTTAvALA ane keTalAka jhADu kADhanArA nimAyA hatA." A uparAMta ratnamaNirAve "amadAvAdano paricaya" (1936), "zAhaAlama : amadAvAda" (1927), Ahmedabad and other places of interest in Gujarat", "jetalapura" (1929) jevI keTalIka mahattvanI pustikAo prasiddha karI hatI. (4) "khaMbhAtano itihAsa" : 1935mAM ratnamaNirAve prasiddha karela A graMtha paNa ghaNo ja mahattvano che. temaNe A graMtha khaMbhAtanA te samayanA navAba "mumatAjha kula mulka momIna khAnabahAdura dilAvara jaMga navAba mirAMga husenapAvanakhAna bahAdura" e zIrSakathI navAbane arpaNa karyo hato. lekhakanI prastAvanA temanI vidvattAnA nicoDarUpa gaNAya tevI che. prAcIna samayathI zarU karIne 28mA saikAnI zarUAta sudhInA samayane AvarI letAM A graMthomAM temaNe saMskRta, gujarAtI ane aMgrejI grotono puSkaLa AdhAra laIne graMthane vizvasanIya banAvyo che. graMthanI pAchaLa darzAvavAmAM AvelA pariziSTo koIpaNa jijJAsu itihAsakAra mATe jJAnanI khANa samAna gaNAya. tevI ja rIte graMthane samajavA ane rasapUrvaka mANavAnI dRSTie temAM darzAvavAmAM Avela nakazAo, phoTogrAphsa ane citro atyaMta mahattvanAM che. madhyamavargI itihAsakAra game teTalI mahenata kare topaNa kiMmatI phoTogrAphsa vagere samAvavA mATe tenI pAse paisA kyAMthI hoya ? paNa cInubhAI beroneTa, kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI ane aMbAlAla sArAbhAI jevA te samayanA dhaniko jANatA hatA ke "itihAsa e to manuSya jAtino mahAmUlo vAraso che." vadhAre zuM lakhavuM? ! pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 129 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(5) "gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa : islAma yuga" : cAra khaMDomAM vaheMcAyela A mahAgraMtha sauprathama gujarAta vidyAsabhAe 1945mAM prasiddha karyo hato. tenuM punaHmudraNa 1959mAM thayuM hatuM. prathama graMthamAM gujarAtanI bhUracanA sahita aitihAsika ane paurANika samayanA gujarAtanuM varNana che ane temAM zaka/kSatrapa ane guptakAlIna gujarAtanA varNana bAda valabhInagara vize mAhitI ApavAmAM AvelI che. vaLI temAM muslima zAsananI zarUAta kevI rIte thaI te aMgenI paNa vAta Ave che. paMdaramA prakaraNanuM zIrSaka paNa agatyanuM che - "gujarAtI samAjanuM baMdhAraNa : jAtionuM ane dhArmika saMpradAyonuM mizraNa". bIjA graMthanI zarUAta amadAvAdanA bAMdhanAra ane nagara vasAvanAra ahamadazAha pahelAthI zarU thAya che. trIjA ane cothA khaMDomAM paNa muslimayuga daramyAna gujarAtanA sthApatyane AvarI levAmAM AvyuM che. ratnamaNirAvanuM Urmijagata saMvedanazIla hatuM. itihAsanA prasaMgonuM teo parizIlana karatA ane temAMthI teo AnaMdanI lAgaNIo sAthe bhAre viSAda paNa teo anubhavatA. paraMtu temanA aMtaranI vAto vAcaka samakSa rajU karavAnI kalAmAM jANe ke kalAnA kasabI hatA. udA. tarIke temaNe lakhyuM che ke "je rIte mahamUda gajhanavIe somanAthane lUMTyuM te banAva gujarAtane ja nahIM paNa AkhA hindustAnane lajajA pamADe tevo banAva hato. mahamUda gajhanavIe kevA somanAthane lUTyuM ane toDyuM? tenuM tAdaza zabdacitra lekhake nIcenA zabdomAM doryuM che : "mahamUde toDeluM somanAthanuM maMdira lAkaDAnuM hatuM - ema kahevAya che ke tene paja thAMbhalA hatA. zivaliMga pAMca hAtha UMcu hatuM ane teno gherAvo traNa hAthano hato. aMdhArA garbhagRhamAM A liMga AveluM hatuM. thAMbhalA ratnajaDita hatA. ratnajaDita dIpamALAo satata cAlu hatI, basso maNa sonAnI sAMkaLamAM ghaMTa lagADelA hatA, sonA-rUpAnI mUrtio ane ratnajaDita mukhavaTA tijorImAM hatA. mahamUdane 20 lAkha dInArano mAla maMdiramAMthI maLyo." ratnamaNirAva mAtra ATaluM kahIne besI rahyA nathI. eka vastuniSTha itihAsakAra tarIke temaNe te samayanA hindu samAjanI khAmIo paNa darzAvI che. temaNe nIcenA zabdomAM karela Takora Ajeya paNa vicAravA jevI che. temanA zabdomAM : dharmanI vAta bAjue mUkatAM paNa te samayanA samAjanI sthiti ane sAmAnya saMskRtinI dRSTie A banAva bahu mahattvano che. te samaye to lagabhaga AkhA hindustAnamAM dharmanI vizALa dRSTie aikya hatuM. chatAM eka paradezI bIjA dezamAM lazkara ane saraMjAma sAthe hajAro vatanIone lUMTI jAya ane vatanIo mAtra nAsabhAga sivAya kazuM karI zake nahIM e to samAjamAM rahelI gUDha khAmI batAvI Ape che. rAjAo paNa turata to sAmano karI zakyA nahIM. emanI lazkarI vyavasthA kevI haze ! pATaNa jevA samudra zaheranA rAjAne nAsI javuM paDyuM, videzI lUMTIne pAcho gayo tyAM sudhI dezI rAjAo aikyathI sAmano karI zakyA nahIM, ane hindanA janasamAjane game te videzI game tyAre vinA harakate herAna karI zake ema haMmezane mATe jagatane khulluM karIne A caDAIe batAvI ApyuM. je mahAna saMskRtie pUrve aneka AkramaNono sAmano karyo ane potAnAmAM samAvI lIdhA te ja saMskRti navIna AkramaNakArone na samAvI zake, na sAmano karI zake. tethI UlaTuM pAchaLa AvatAM varSomAM tenAthI dabAI gaI. samAjanI A sthitinuM kAraNa samAjazAstrIoe vicAravA jevuM che. bauddha dharmano potAnI ja bhUmimAM asta thayo te vakhate je saMskRtie aneka virodhI tattvonuM ekIkaraNa karI punaHracanA karI, samaya pramANe badalAvAnI kuzaLatA je saMskRtinA netAoe paurANika dharmanI sthApanA vakhate batAvI, tevuM ekIkaraNa ke tenI kuzaLatA pAchaLanA netAomAM na rahyAM. samaya pramANe badalAvAnuM mahattva visarAyuM, aneka saMpradAyomAM bhinnabaLa vadhavAthI aikya ochuM thatuM cAlyuM. A badhuM paNa samAjanI AvI sthitinuM kAraNa hoI zake. para saMskRtine potAnAmAM samAvavAnI zakti gumAvyA pachI samAja potAnI jAtane dareka rIte saMkocAvI daIne mAtra AtmarakSaNa karavA prerAyo e paNa AvAM AkramaNonA itihAsa parathI samajAya che." pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 130 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(5) "somanAtha" ratnamaNirAve 1948mAM A graMtha "gujarAta sAhitya sabhA" dvArA prasiddha karyo hato. temAM somanAthanA vividha svarUponI carcAnuM Alekhana suMdara ane kalAtmaka rIte thayuM che. videzomAMthI gujarAtamAM zaka, kuSANa temaja anya paradezI jAtio kevI rIte AvI tenA varNanathI zarU karIne solaMkI - saltanata ane mughalakALane AvarI levAmAM Avyo che. vaLI sAhityanI daSTie gAMdhIyuganuM paNa temAM "somanAtha" ne kendramAM rAkhIne vihaMgAvalokana che. A saMkSipta graMthano Azaya prajAne "gujarAtanI asmitA"thI vAkepha karavAno hato. ratnamaNirAve graMtho uparAMta aneka lekho lakhyA hatA. temAMthI keTalAka lekhone mahattvanA gaNIne atre "namUnArUpa lekho" tarIke tene rajU karavAmAM AvyA che. (1) "gujarAtanA kAMThA para porTugIjhoe vartAvela kera : soLamI sadImAM gujarAta sAthe phiraMgIono saMbaMdha" temaNe A lekha navacetana(1954)mAM prasiddha karyo hato. citrakalAnA zokhIna ratnamaNirAve A lekhamAM vahANa ane gujarAtI khalAsIonuM suMdara citra ApeluM che. gujarAtI khalAsIo temAM porTugIjhonA AkramaNono sAmano karI rahyA che. dIva, damaNa ane govAmAM porTugIjhoe sthApelAM thANAMonI carcA kya bAda lekhake gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA naukA senAdhipati malIka ayAjhanI ghaNI prasaMzA karI che. A uparAMta porTugIjhoe prabhAsa pATaNane eka karatAM vadhAre vakhata lUMTyuM ane bALyuM hatuM tenI vigato paNa A lekhamAMthI prApta thAya che. (2) "gujarAtIomAM paryaTanano zokha" : ratnamaNirAve A lekha paNa navacetanamAM ja (1951)mAM prasiddha karyo che. mArI daSTie gujarAta TurijhamanA vikAsanI bAbatamAM A lekha Aje paNa preraNArUpa che. temAM lekhakano ramUjI ane nikhAlasa svabhAva vyakta thAya che, paNa jarUra jaNAya tyAM teo Takora karavAnuM choDatA nathI. teo lakhe che ke, "ApaNe gujarAtIoe paisA pAchaLa evI to AMdhaLI doTa mUkI che ke jANe jIvanamAM bIjuM kazuM ja anubhavavAnuM ane mANavAnuM na hoya. vepAra sivAya jANe ke bIjuM kazuM ja nathI. ApaNe to basa, lakSmInA ja pUjako " prastuta lekhamAM ratnamaNirAve cAMpAnera-pAvAgaDha, giranAra-jUnAgaDha, somanAtha, pAlItANA, gaLatezvara, utkaMThezvara, siddhapura, moDherA, khaMbhAta ane bhImanAtha vagerenuM varNana karyuM che. chevaTe ratnamaNirAve bhAvavAhI rIte lakhyuM che : gujarAtanA loko paryaTana dvArA AnaMda ane jIvana ullAsa meLavI zake tevI AzA rAkhI zakAya. paryaTanano AnaMda te nirdoSa ane sAtvika AnaMda che. AnaMda paramAtmAnuM sauthI sAcuM svarUpa che. " (3) "gujarAtanuM vahANavaTuM" : ratnamaNirAve A lekha "vasaMta"nA rajata mahotsava aMkamAM prasiddha karyo hato. gujarAta vidyAsabhAe 1959 mAM te punaH prasiddha karyo hato. te vakhate zeTha. bho.je. vidyAbhavananA adhyakSa tarIke pro. rasikalAla cho. parIkhe graMthamAM nivedana svarUpe lakhyuM hatuM ke "ratnamaNirAva bhIvarAva joTanA avasAnathI gujarAtane eka samartha itihAsavidanI khoTa paDI che. " A lekhamAM lekhake upayogamAM lIdhelA sroto parathI cokkasa jaNAya che ke temaNe ghaNI mahenatathI ane cIvaTapUrvaka A lekha lakhyo hato. gujarAtanA vahANavaTA ane vepAranI daSTie A lekha ghaNo kiMmatI che. (4) "saurASTramAM itihAsa saMzodhana" : A lekha "buddhiprakAza"nA Disembara, 1950 ane jAnyuArI, 1951nA aMkomAM prasiddha thayo hato. temAM te samaye saurASTranA itihAsamAM je saMzodhano thayAM hatAM tenA vize lekhake carcA karI che. samApana : uparyukta carcA parathI phalita thAya che ke ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva itihAsane mAtra " bhUtakALano ja pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 131 For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSaya " tarIke gaNatA na hatA teo itihAsane "bhUtakALa sAthenA saMvAda" tarIke jotAM ane A siddhAMtane AdhAre teo vizALa janasamudAya samakSa potAnI kRtio rajU karatA. teo buddhigamya ane pragatizIla vicArasaraNIne varelA hatA. vyavasAyanI daSTie teo kApaDanA vepArI ane kamizana ejanTa hatA tethI ja e jANIne AnaMda-Azcarya thAya che ke temaNe vepAra uparAMta itihAsanuM kheDANa kevI rIte karyuM haze ?kadAca jJAti ane kuTuMbanA saMskAroe temanAmAM sAhitya ane ItihAsanI abhiruci utpanna karI hoya. ratnamaNirAvane aMjali ApatAM DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrIe "buddhiprakAza" (navembara-1955) mAM lakhyuM hatuM ke "emanA itihAsanA zokha pAchaLa vidvAna vaDIlonA saMskArono vAraso hovA uparAMta emanI aMgata abhirucino paNa ghaNo phALo hato." mArI daSTie to ratnamaNirAvanI kRtiomAM emano potAno utsAhI svabhAva, nikhAlasatA ane mAnavatAvAdI daSTibiMdu bhArobhAra vyakta thAya che. teo kevaLa itihAsakAro ke bauddhiko mATe ja nahIM gujarAtanA sAmAnya nagarajano ane grAmavAsIo mATe paNa lakhatA hatA. temanuM samagra vyaktitva ja mAnavIya ane mAnavatAvAdI hatuM. gujarAtanA itihAsane ratnamaNirAve lokabhogya ane lokapriya banAvyo hato. pAdanoMdha 9. Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency, Vol.9, Part-1, Gujarat Population, Hindus. (Bombay, 1901), p. 13 2. zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanA brAhmaNono itihAsa, (amadAvAda, 1987), pR. 301 3. mohanalAla dalapatarAma kavIzvara, 'puruSa prayatna ane IzvarakRpA', muMbaI, 1903), pR.30 4. maMjarIbena nizcalabhAi dIvAnajI (ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTanA suputrI)nI rUbarU mulAkAtane AdhAre, saranAmuM : maMjarIbena ni. dIvAnajI, e-16, om sUryA epArTamenTa, eNlisabrija, amadAvAda-6 . 5. ravizaMkara rAvaLa, saMskArapremI zrI caitanyaprasAda dIvAna, ''smRtizeSa', pR. 24. Keneeth Gillion, Ahmedabad : A study in Indian Urban History. (Berkeley 1968) gujarAta sAhityasabhAnA rajata mahotsava samaye DAbI bAjuthI : (UbhelA) zrI caitanyaprasAda motIlAla dIvAnajI (khurazI para) zrI rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka, dI.ba. kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva, DaoN. hariprasAda vrajarAya desAI; (jamIna pa2) zrI ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, zrI jhaveracaMda kAlidAsa meghANI, zrI gaurIzaMkara govardhanarAma jozI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 132 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattva kSetre pAyAnA kAryakara zrI jayendrabhAI zrI jayendrabhAI nANAvaTI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir DaoN. raseza jamInadAra* vyakti je jamAnAmAM kAryarata rahe che te jamAnAnA vAtAvaraNathI te javalle ja jalakamaLavat rahe che. tenuM vyaktitva ane tenI vicArasaraNI khasUsa samadhAdhIna jovAM maLe che. hamaNAM ja paripUrNa saMtoSI jIvana jIvIne jUnAgaDhI nAgara yendrabhAI nANAvaTI prabhune pyArA thai gayA (13.10,2003). svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA madhyAhne emano janma jUnAgaDhamAM (268-1920). AthI emanI gaLathUthInA baMdhAraNamAM AjhAdIno Akroza nANAvANAnI jema vaNAi gayelo joi zakAya che. A kAraNe teo AjIvana khAdIvastrothI sajja jovA maLyA che; eTaluM ja nahIM emanAM dharmapatnI kauzalyAbahena paNa khAdIdhArI rahyAM che. AjhAdInA AMgaNAmAM payapAna pAmelAM A nANAvaTIdaMpati A ja kAraNe sevAniSTha ane kAryaniSTha raheluM che. hA, jIvananirvAha vAste jyendrabhAIe sarakArI nokarI svIkArI hatI paNa tyAreya samagra kAryakAla daramyAna kyAreya pharajacUka thayA nathI tema sevAvRtti ane sAdagIthI viparIta thayA nathI. gAMdhIkALamAM jIvanarIti goThavI cUkelA moTAbhAganA vidvAno jAhera prasiddhithI hamezAM virakta rahyA che paNa pharaja paratve satata Asakta rahyA che. jyendrabhAI AvuM vyaktitva dharAvatA hatA. prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtinA viSaya sAthe pAraMgatanI padavI prApta karanAra jvendrabhAI sarakArI mAholamAM paNa kAryadakSa vahIvaTadAra tarIke potAnI chApa mUkI gayA che. muMbaI vizvavidyAlayanA A anusnAtake sarakArI nokarInAM moTAbhAganAM varSo gujarAtamAM gujAryAM hatAM ane gujarAtanAM saMgrahAlayo, gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattva khAtAnA prathama niyAmaka tarIke tema ja nivRttibAda gujarAta rAjyanA daphtarakhAtAnA (have gujarAta rAjya abhilekhAgAra evuM nAmAbhidhAna thayuM che jemAM A lakhanArano hisso che ane jyAre 1980mAM daphataronI pravRtti purAtattvakhAtAthI svataMtra thaityAre daphatarabhaMDAra evA nAmAbhidhAna vakhate paNa prAdhyApaka 2.nA. mahetA sAthe A lakhanAre phoibAnI pharaja adA karelI) niyAmaka tarIke paNa gujarAtanA sAMskRtika vikAsamAM prastuta traNa saMskRti pravRttio mAraphate jyendrabhAIe buniyAdIkArya karyuM che ema kahI zakAya. kArakirdIno prAraMbha emaNe rAjakoTa, jUnAgaDha ane kacchanAM saMgrahAlayonA vastupAla tarIke karyo hato. muMbaI sarakAranA purAtattvaniyAmaka paNa rahyA. 'Trejhara Trova' adhikArI tarIke paNa temaNe pharaja bajAvelI. rAjya sarakAramAMnA emanA sarakArI hoddAnI rUe yendrabhAIe bhArata sarakAranA purAtattva sarvekSaNa khAtAnA madhyastha salAhakAra samitinA sabhya tarIke, inDiyana hisTorikala rekArDajha kamizananA sabhya tarIke, saMgrahAlaya niSNAta samitinA sabhya tarIke eka adanA vidvAna tarIke yathAzakti phALo noMdhAvyo che. rAjya, rASTra ane AMtararASTrIya kakSAnI itihAsa-saMskRti-purAtattva-kalA viSayaka parisaMvAdo ane adhivezanomAM * pUrva adhyakSa, itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAga, mahAdeva desAI vidyAlaya, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 133 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjaya sarakAranA pratiniyukta pratinidhi tarIke paNa vAraMvAra yogadAna AvyuM che. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA upapramukhapade paNa rahI cUkyA che. saurASTra yunivarsiTInA bhAratIya saMskRti viSayanI abhyAsa samitinA sabhya tarIke paNa niyukti pAmyA hatA. akhila bhAratIya plAniMga kamizananA purAtattva viSayaka varkIgagrupanA sabhya tarIke bhArata sarakAre temanI varaNI karI hatI. nivRtti pachI rAjaya sarakAranA purAtattva ane daphatara khAtAnI salAhakAra samitinA sabhya tarIke sevA temaNe ApI che. svabhAve utsAhI, nirmaSTha, zodhakavRtti dharAvatA yendrabhAIe rAjya sarakAranI vahIvaTI kAmagIrI sAthosAtha thoDuM zodha kArya karatA rahyA hatA ane te miSe temaNe gujarAtImAM ane aMgrejImAM keTaluMka lakhANa tatkAlIna akhabAromAM ane sAmayikomAM pragaTa paNa karyuM hatuM. purAtattvane lokabhogya banAvavA miSe emaNe AkAzavANI uparathI vArtAlApa paNa ApyA hatA. rASTrIya pravRttithI raMgAyelA jayendrabhAI gAMdhIvicArane vareNya evI pravRttiomAM paNa saMlagna rahyA che. majUra mahAjana maMDaLa, rASTrIya vidyArthI maMDaLa, bhArata sevaka samAja jevI svAtaMtryaAMdolana janma pravRttiomAM paNa emaNe sakriya kArya karyuM che ane zrImatI kauzalyAbahena to AjIvana samAjasevikA rahyA che. A saMskArane kAraNe emaNe je te vibhAganA niyAmaka tarIke padagaurava vadhe tema ja te te vibhAganI sAMskRtika pratiSThA sudRDha thAya tevI zubha niSThAthI teo traNa dAyakAthI vadhu samaya sudhI sarakArI sevAmAM sakriya rIte pravRtta rahyA hatA. temaNe vahIvaTI pravRttio sAthosAtha vikAsapravRttio paNa hAtha dharI hatI ane je te vibhAgane, khAsa to purAtattva vibhAgane, rASTranA nakazA upara padAMkita karyuM che te bAbata dhyAnAI rahevI joie. A vAste temaNe nAmAMkita purAvidono ane te aMgenI saMsthAono sahayoga sAme cAlIne meLavIne vibhAganI zaikSaNika ane anveSaNIya kAmagIrIne vikAsanA paMthe lai gayA che. emaNe svayam bahu ochuM lakhyuM paNa je lakhyuM che te buniyAdI che ane emAM emanA sahakAryakarono sakriya sahakAra saMprApta karyo hato. mukhyatve to emaNe purAvastuvidyAnA viSayane lokabhogya banAvavAnA uddezathI akhabAromAM loko samaje te rIte lakhANo lakhyAM che ane vAyuvArtAlApo ApyA che. monyumenTala : leMDa mArkasa ova gujarAta' (1962), dha "sIliMgsa eNvu dha Tempalsa eNvu gujarAta' (1963), dha embroiDarI enDa bIDa varkasa evuM karacha eNnDa saurASTra' (1966), "somanAtha ukhanana' (1971), ane "dha maitraka eNnDa dha saidhava Tempalsa vuM gujarAta' (1970) emanA dvArA pragaTa thayelAM mahattvanAM prakAzano che, jemAM emane sakriya sahayoga saMprApta thayo hato sthApatya-zilpanA AMtararASTrIya tajjJa zrI madhusUdana DhAMkIno. "maitrakasainyava Tempalsa ovuM gujarAta' nAmanuM pustaka to pensilaveniyA yunivarsiTInA nyUyorka rIsarca insTiTayUTanA ArTibasa eziyA" mAraphate chapAyuM hatuM. 1987thI be varSa mATe amadAvAda sthita phala Ava ArkiTekacara enDa plAniMga saMsthAmAM, gujarAta yunivarsiTI saMcAlita zodhana insTiTayUTa eNvuM TreiniMga phora Ai.e.esa.mAM 1985-87 daramyAna emaNe atithi adhyApaka tarIke zikSaNakArya paNa karyuM hatuM. Azare so jeTalAM nAnAMmoTAM lekharUpa-noMdharUpa lakhANo mAraphate emaNe purAtattva, sthApatya, zilpa, itihAsa-saMskRti viSayone prajA pratyakSa karavAno yathAzakti paNa saMniSTha prayAsa karyo hato. emanI hayAtInA chellA divasomAM emanA aMgrejI lekhono saMgraha "lIgasI eNvuM gujarAta' (2003) purAtattvanA pUrva niyAmaka zrI dinakara mahetAnA sahakArathI temanAM patnI zrImatI kauzalyAbahena nANAvaTIe prakAzita karyuM che. ane emanA gujarAtanA lekhono saMgraha "atratatra purAtattva' je pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 134 For Private and Personal Use Only

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emanI kyAtImAM pragaTa thavAno hato te durbhAgye have maraNottara prakAzana tarIke pragaTa thavAmAM che jemAM paNa zrI dinakara mahetAe sahayoga pradAna karyo che. 'lIgasI evuM gujarAta graMthamAM prANitihAsa, AdhetihAsa, itihAsa, mUrtividhAna, zilpa, sthApatya, guphAo vagere viSayo upara nevuM pRSThomAM ane pAMtrIsa jeTalA phoTogrAphsa mAraphate nAnImoTI tetrIsa noMdhono samAveza thayo che. prakAzana suMdara thayuM che paNa saMpAdakatvamAM khAsuM UNuM Utare che, jANe lakhANono-noMdhono je te zIrSaka heThaLa Dhagalo karyo nA hoya ! zabdasUci nathI, citrasUci nathI, noMdho kyAM chapAI che tenI mAhitI nathI. gujarAtI graMtha vakhate A bAbata dhyAnamAM levAya te jarUrI che. zrI madhusUdana DhAMkI sAthenAM emanAM traNa prakAzano gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsane supere sacitra ApaNI pratyakSa kare che. gujarAtanAM maMdironI citrita chato vizenuM prakAzana sacitra hoi vAcanakSama to che ja paNa maMdiromAM saMlagna zilpa-citra-sthApatyanI bhAtIgaLa triveNIne ApaNAM manaHca samakSa vahetI kare che. moTA bhAganI chato to pahelA prathama vakhata prakAzya thaI che. kaccha ane saurASTranAM bharatagUMthaNa kArya ane kIDiyAM kAma sahu prathamavAra lokabhogya rIte loko pratyakSa karyA che, ekamo aDhAra pleTsa mAraphate gUMthaNakIDiyA-kAmane phoTogrAphasathI sahaja rIte dazyagata karyuM che. emAM maNibhAI vorAno sahayoga paNa maLyo che. gujarAtanAM maitrako ane saidhavonA samayanAM devAlayo vizenuM pustaka lakhANagata rIte monogrApha svarUpanuM che. paNa vIsa ArTapleTsamAM chatrIsa citro mAraphate maMdira bAMdhakAmane bahu sarasa rIte loko pratyakSa karyuM che. chaThThIthI dazamI sadI sudhInAM A badhAM gurjara maMdiranI sthApatyakIya zailI, bhoMyataLiyAnA nakazA vagere vize lAghavatAthI paNa vigapracura varNana dhyAnArha banI rahe che. vaDodarAnI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyAvibhAganA sahayogathI rAjyanA purAtatva khAtAnuM "somanAthanA utnananano ahevAla' graMtha vikhyAta purAvida prAdhyApaka ra. nA. mahetA ane emanA sAthIdAra DaoN. sUryakAnta caudharInA saMyukta lekhanakAryathI samRddha banyuM che. utpananIya ahevAla tarIke A pustaka noMdhapAtra banI rahe che. gujarAta rAjyanA traNa mahattvanA vibhAgo (sarakArI khAtAM) - saMgrahAlaya, purAtattva ane daphatarabhaMDAra (have abhilekhAgAra) - ne prasthApita karavAmAM, traNeyane pratiSThita karavAmAM ane sarvagrAhI dRSTie vikAsanA patha upara ArUDha karavAmAM jayendrabhAIe sakriya saMniSThAthI pAyAnuM kArya karyuM che ema jarUra kahI zakAya. Ane kAraNe emanA uttarAdhikArIoe emaNe pratiSThita karelI paraMparAne vadhune vadhu sudRDha karavAmAM yathAzakita yogadAna pradAna karyuM che. jo ke jayendrabhAInA pUrvasamakAlIna zrI pI.pI.paMDyAnA purAtattvakSetre karelA dAyItvanI sAbhAra noMdha levI rahI. potAnA sAthIdArone taiyAra karavAmAM zaikSaNika-anaiSita daSTie emano vikAsa thAya te jovAmAM ane sahune sAthe rAkhI potAnA khAtAne gaurava apAvavAmAM zrI jayendrabhAInI sAlasatA, nAgarI Dhabachaba, gAMdhIvAdI mAholathI raMgAyelI vRtti-daSTi-sacie mahattvano phALo Apyo che. mitabhASI paNa sAthIo pratye snehALa ane khAtAkIya kAmagIrImAM dilacaspI rAkhanAra jayendrabhAI ATha dAyakAnuM bharyuM bharyuM, saMtoSI ane dAyItvapUrNa jIvana jIvI gayA temAM sahuthI sahamAka sAthI emane maLyAM dharmapatnI rUpe kauzalyAbahena premALa, sevAbhAvI, samAjopayogI vRtti-dRSTi-ruci dAkhavanAra "ramA-kauzala' nivAsanAM gRhiNI eTale kauzalyAbahena astu. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 135 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattva pratibhA - zrI pI. pI. paMDyA vAya. ema. cItalavAlA Dekkana kaoNlejamAM joDAyA pachI mAre 1973mAM rAjakoTa jillAnI harappIya vasAhatonuM sarvekSaNa karavAnuM hatuM. navI vasAhato noMdhavA mAre eka gAmathI bIjA gAme javAnuM thatuM paNa jevI koI vasAhatanA sagaDa maLe ane gAma loko pAsethI sAMbhaLavA maLe "paMDyA sAheba nAmanA purAtattvavida agAu ahIM abhyAsa arthe AvyA hatA." saurASTra jevA vizALa pradezanuM ghaniSTa purAtattvIya sarve zrI pI.pI.paMDyA sivAya koI eka vyaktie karyAnuM jANamAM nathI. jemsa barjese 19mI sadInA utarArdhamAM saurASTramAM maMdira sthApatya noMdhavA rakhaDapaTTI karI hatI paNa tenAthI paNa AgaLa vadhI paMDyA sAhebe bhinna saMskRtionA TiMbAnI bhALa meLavI saMtoSa mAnI levAne badale e vasAhatonuM paddhatisara ukhkhanana karI atyaMta mahattvanA niSkarSo para pahoMcyA hatA je Aje paNa eTaluM ja mahattva dharAve che. mALiyA tAlukAnA hajanALI gAma pAsethI mahattvanI harappIya zrI pI. pI. paMDyA vasAhatanI bhALa mane maLelI. mane lAgeluM eka saMzodhaka tarIke kadAca huM ghaNuM mAna khATI jaIza kAraNa ke AvA dUra-darAjanA gAmamAM AvavA koNa navaruM hoya ? inDiyana AryolojI-erivivamAM paMDyA sAhebe karatAM saMzodhanono sArAMza Apelo jovA maLe che tenA eka aMkamAM "hAjAnabI' nAmanI vasAhatanuM nAma ApeluM che. hajanAnI ane hAjAnabI kaMIka ekasarakhA lAgatA hovAthI meM vadhu chAna-bIna karI. banne TiMbAo ekamekathI judA hoya to sAruM. to thoDI AbarU bacaze evI mArI rahI sahI AzA para paNa pANI pharI vaLyuM, jayAre gAmanA lokoe jaNAvyuM ke "koI eka paMDyA sAheba rAjakoTathI ahIM AvI ThIkarAM laI gayA hatA". jema jema mAro abhyAsa AgaLa vadhyo tema paMDyA sAheba mATe mAruM mAna vadhatuM gayuM. evuM jaNAyuM ke purAtattvane saMpUrNa rIte samarpita A mahAnubhAva pAyAnuM saMzodhana karI gayA ane amAre temanA nakaze kadama para cAlavAnuM hatuM. paMDyA sAhebanA pradAna vize vadhu jANakArI hAMsala karatAM pahelAM temanA jIvana vizenI bAbato temanA vyaktitvane vadhu ujAgara karanArI che. paMDyA sAhebanuM pUruM nAma puruSottama premazaMkara paMDyA hatuM ane temano janma rAjakoTa jillAnA koTaDA sAMgANImAM tA. 8-11-1920 nA roja thayo. teonuM kuTuMba audicya brAhmaNa hovAne nAte sAmAjika agrimatA to bhogavatuM ja, paNa sAthe temanA dAdA jIvanarAma paMDyA koTaDA sAMgANI rAjayanA kArabhArI ane pitA premazaMkara jIvarAma rAjayanA jarIpha hovAthI temanI gaNatarI rAjayanA agrima haroLanA sahasthomAM thatI. zrI pI.pI.paMDyAe temano prAraMbhika abhyAsa koTaDA saMgANImAM ane jetapuramAM karyo ane 1938mAM meTrikyulezananI parIkSAmAM prathama vargamAM uttIrNa thayA. rAjakoTanI dharmendrasiMhajI kaoNlejamAMthI 1945mAM bI.e. thayA. A samaya daramyAna svAtaMtraya caLavaLamAM paNa teo joDAyA ane mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA AdarzothI prabhAvita thaI 1939mAM gAMdhIjInA rAjakoTa satyAgrahamAM bhAga lIdho. kviTa InDiyA AMdolanamAM paNa sakriya rIte bhAga laI 1950 sudhI racanAtmaka pravRttiomAM vyasta rahyA. temanA vidyArthIkALathI ja temane bhAratIya saMskRtinA abhyAsamAM UMDI dilacaspI hatI. pariNAme pathika * vaimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 136 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1945-47 daramyAna amadAvAdanA bI je insTiTyUTamAM rahI ema.e.no abhyAsa karyo, paNa sAthe kauTuMbika bhAraNa temanA zire AvI paDatAM vacagALAnA samaya mATe zikSaka banyA paNa saurASTra sarakAra purAtattvanA viSayanI yogya abhyAsa thaI zake te hetuthI tAlImArthIo mATe mAMgela arajIomAMthI zrI pI.pI.paMDyAnI arajI svIkArAI ane 1950mAM teo jAmanagara myujhiyamanA kyureTara banyA, sAthe kendra-sarakAranA pazcima vartuLanA suparinTenDiMga AryolojisTa Do. ema.ena.dezapAMDe joDe rahI saurASTrano abhyAsAtmaka pravAsa kheDyo paNa koIpaNa kAraNosara eDavAnsa TreniMga teone ApavAnI thatI hovA chatAM, temane te ApavAmAM na AvI. pariNAme temaNe svakharce DaoN. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA ane DaoN. bI. subbArAva nIce rahI prAitihAsa, Adya itihAsa vagerenI tAlIma lIdhI. ukhanana aMgenI tAlIma teozrIe prathama somanAtha maMdiranA 1950nA ukhanana daramyAna ane te pachI jAmanagara jillAnA vasai ane beDanA ukhanana daramyAna lIdhI. tarkaparAMta AkoTA, nAvaDAToLI, mahezvara, raMgapura, vaDhanagara, ropaDa(paMjAba) vagere sthaLoe temaNe utpananomAM bhAga laI bhAratanA agrima haroLanA purAvettA jevA ke DaoN. thApara, DaoN. dezapAMDe, Do. sAMkaLiyA, Do. subbArAva, DaoN. esa.Ara.rAvanA saMparkamAM AvyA; sAthe temaNe ema.e.nI upAdhi paNa meLavI ane purAtattvanA peparamAM yunivarsiTImAM prathama AvyA. zrI paMDyAno purAtattvIya vyApa phakta prAcIna TiMbAo sudhI ja sImita nahoto paNa temaNe maMdira ane zaila guphAono paNa talasparzI abhyAsa karelo. bhAratanAM prakhyAta myujhiyamonI mulAkAta laI temaja purAtattvane lagatA seminAromAM bhAga laI temaNe potAnA anubhavone ghaniSTatA bakSI. ola inDiyA oriyenTala konpharansa ane inDiyana sAyansa keMgresamAM temaNe temanA nibaMdhonuM vAcana kareluM ane aneka jarnalo ane purAtattvane lagatAM sAmayikomAM temanA sarve ane ukhanana aMgenA saMzodhanAtmaka lekho prakAzita thayA. zrI paMDayA 1955mAM gujarAta sarakAranA A lojI ane myujhiyama khAtAmAM suparinTenDenTa tarIke jo DAyA, sarakArI aphasara hovA chatAM temano abhyAsa AtmA to parabahAra khIlyo ane temaNe meLavelA anubhavano khapa ahIM lAgyo. pariNAme temaNe somanAthanA nagaraTiMbA ane goMDala tAlukAnA zrInAthagaDha pAse Avela rojhaDInAM utpananomAM sakriya bhAga lIdho. uparAMta vasai, beDa, ATakoTa, pIThaDiyA, moTI gharAI vagere para svataMtra rIte khodakArya karyuM. lAkhAbAvaLa ane AmarAnI vasAhato ema.esa.yunivarsiTI joDe saMyukta upakrame ukhanita karI. zrI paMDyAnA purAtattvIya abhiyAnane traNa bhAgomAM vahecI zakAya. (1) prAga aitihAsika sthaLonI khoja. (2) harappIya ane anukarapIya TiMbAonI noMdhaNI. (3) utpanana jemAM mukhyatve harappIya sthaLonAM ukhananano samAveza thAya che. uttara bhAratamAM prAgaaitihAsika kALa aMge ghaNAM saMzodhano thayelAM ane AdimAnave banAvelAM ojAro vizeno samayagALo paNa temanA bhUstarIya pariprekSyamAM nakkI karAyo hato, jemAM 1928mAM DI-TerA ane piTarasananI TukaDIe uttara pazcima (paMjAba) himAlayanI khINamAM prAcInatama ojAro sauravana nadImAMthI meLavelAM. te pachI 19mI sadInA aMtamAM robarTa braza phUTe sAbaramatI nadInI bhekhaDomAMthI prAcIna ojAro zodhelAM paNa tenA samayagALA aMge dvidhA hatI. vadhumAM evuM paNa manAtuM ke saurASTramAM kadAca Adi mAnavanI hayAtI ja na hatI. kAraNa ke pAzcAtya purAtattvavidoe tene purAtattvanI dRSTie Cal de Sad athavA baMdhiyAra pradeza ghoSita karelo paNa dhIre dhIre saurASTramAMthI paNa A prakAranAM ojAro DaoN. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA temaja anya vidvAnone maLyAM paNa teno samayagALo ane vyApa nakkI karavAmAM muzkelI hatI. A saMbaMdhamAM zrI pI.pI.paMDyAe loara peliyolithika, pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 137 For Private and Personal Use Only

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madhya peliyolithika ane mAikrolithika (laghu pASANa) ojAronI zodha karI pASANayugane eka taMtue bAMdhyA ane e rIte lagabhaga 1,50,000 varSathI laIne I.sa. pUrve pa00 varSo sudhInA gALAnI aitihAsika rUparekhA taiyAra karavAmAM saMzodhanakArone sArI madada maLI. laghupASANa yugIna ojAro jAmanagara jillAmAMthI paMDyA sAhebe zodhyAM hatAM je takanikI daSTie narmadA vistAramAMthI maLelAM ojAro joDe sAmya dharAvatAM hatAM, jethI laghupASANakAlIne manuSya madhya bhArata uparAMta gujarAta-saurASTramAM paNa vicarato te spaSTa banyuM. A aMge gujarAtamAM mahesANA pAse lAMghaNajamAM DaoN. sAMkaLiyAe ukhanana kareluM ane temanA niSkarSone paNa paMDyA sAhebanI zodha TekArUpa banelI. harappIya ane anu-harappIya TiMbA jemAM piriyaDa III vasAhato ane arlihisTorika sthaLono paNa samAveza karIe to zrI pI.pI.paMDyAe lagabhaga 200 jeTalA sthaLonI zodha karelI. temanuM pradAna A dizAmAM atyaMta mahattvanuM hatuM. hindustAnanA bhAgalA thatAM, siMdhu sabhyatAnI jANItI vasAhato moheM-jo-Dero ane harapA ApaNA bhAge na AvatAM purAtattvavidomAM gherI nirAzAnuM mojuM pharI vaLyuM paNa bhAratIya purAttAoe jemAM zrI pI.pI.paMDyAno samAveza thAya che, hAtha bAMdhIne besI na rahetAM ghaniSTa sarvekSaNo hAtha dharyA. raMgapuranI harappIya vasAhata para zrI esa.Ara.rAve ukhanana karyuM, ane harappI saMskRtinA judA judA tabakkAnI eka samaya-sAraNI nakkI karI. A samayapatraka (Pariodization) khUba ja upayogI sAbita thayuM, paNa kharekhara saurASTranI kaI ane keTalI vasAhato A tabakkAvAra samayAMkanamAM baMdhabesatI Ave che te spaSTa na hatuM. zrI pI.pI. paMDyAnA prayAsone kAraNe ane temanAM sarvekSaNonA phalasvarUpe harappIya vasAhatonuM paripakva harappIya ane anuharappIya kALamAM vibhAjana karavAmAM AvyuM ane e rIte zrI esa.Ara.rAvanA samayapatraka joDe meLa zrI pI.pI.paMDyAne jAya che. moTA bhAganI harappIya vasAhato bhAdara athavA anya nAnI-moTI nadIonA kAMThe vaselI maLI Ave che. zrI paMDyAe A badhI ja vasAhatone nakazA para TapakAvI temanI bhaugolika paristhitine spaSTarUpe upasAvI. A paddhatine sudharelI purAtattvIya bhASAmAM seTalamenTa AryolojI kahe che. zrI paMDyAe alpa AyuSya bhogavyuM te purAtattvanA viSaya mATe eka kamanasIbI hatI, anyathA teoe saurASTramAM harappIya saMskRtinuM citra sarvAgarape spaSTa karI batAvyuM hota je Aje paNa dhUMdhaLuM ja rahyuM che. A rIte temanA nidhanathI purAtattvIya saMzodhana 20 varSo jeTalA samaya mATe pAchaLa ThelAI gayuM ane eka zUnyAvakAza sarjAyo je tAjetaranA saMzodhanothI dUra thaI zakyo che ane te paNa amuka aMze. zrI pI.pI.paMDyAnuM avasAna 1960mAM thayela. zrI pI.pI.paMDayAnI anya mahattvanI kAmagIrI hatI utpanano. purAtattva viSayaka koI kaThinamAM kaThina kArya hoya to te prAcIna vasAhatanuM paddhatisaranuM khodakArya che. A kArya karavAmAM eka DaoNkTara ke sarjananI nipuNatA joIe, je bahu thoDA purAtattvavido dharAvatA hoya che. zrI paMDyAe aneka harappIya ane bIna-harappIya vasAhatonAM ukhanana kAryo karI temanI eka philDa AryolojisTa tarIkenI vidvattA ane kAryakSamatA batAvI ApI. eka ja TiMbAnuM lAMbA samaya sudhI ukhanana kArya karavAne badale temaNe TrAyela utpanana levAnI praNAlI apanAvI, jemAM rojhaDI apavAdarUpa gaNI zakAya. A prakAranA khodakAryanA keTalAka dekhItA phAyadA hatA. prathama to TUMkA samayamAM koIpaNa prAcIna sthaLanuM prAthamika prakAranuM citra spaSTa thaI zakatuM. bIjuM stara pramANe karAyelA ukhananathI samayAMkana uparAMta saMskRtinA vikAsanA tabakkA paNa nakkI karI zakAtA. pariNAme saurASTranI harappIya ane anuharappIya saMskRti vizenI jANakArImAM vadhAro thayo. rojhaDInA ukhananathI madhya saurASTramAM harappAne lagatI saMskRtinuM citra vadhAre spaSTa banyuM. A vasAhatamAMthI akIkanA maNakA uparAMta sonAnA laghu maNakA paNa maLI AvyA. eka ThIkarA para harappIya lipi aMkita karAelI hatI. rojhaDInI saMskRti paripakva ane kaMIka aMze pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 138 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anuharappIya (Late Harppan) hatI. pariNAme rojhaDInI vasAhata gujarAta-saurASTramAM anya vasAhato mATe saMdarbha vasAhata banI gaI. lAkhAbAvaLa, AmarA, beDa vagere vasAhato harappAkAlIna hatI jayAre vasaImAMthI eka navI aitihAsika (Early Historic) saMskRti maLI AvI, je reDa poliza vera(kSatrapa vasAhata)thI bhinna che. mArA anubhava pramANe A saMskRti kaMIka aMze rAjasthAnanI raMgamahala saMskRti joDe sAmya dharAve che, jo ke pAtra-khaMDo paranAM citro harappIya saMskRtine maLatAM Ave che. A che zrI paMDyAnA purAtattvIya abhiyAnano phAla. ApaNe upara joyuM te pramANe zrI paMDyAnuM kAryakSetra ghaNuM vistRta hatuM ane purAtattvakhAtAmAM rahI temaNe pAMca varSo jeTalA TUMkA gALAmAM je kAryone nyAya Apyo te anya vyakti mATe 50 varSono samaya le teTalAM hatAM. chelle nAdurasta tabiyata ane keTalI anyAyayukta kanaDagatano sAmano karatA hovA chatAM teo potAnAM kAryo niSThApUrvaka karatA rahyA. temanA eka phoTogrAphamAM DaoN. sarvapalli rAdhAkRSNa sAthe koI utnanananuM nirIkSaNa karI rahyA hoya tevuM jaNAya che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNa jevI mahAna vyakti temanuM kArya jevA AvI hoya te hakIkata ja temanA kAryanuM mahattva keTaluM adakeruM hatuM te batAve che. paNa eka vAta duHkha sAthe kahevI paDe che ke gujarAtanI prajA zrI pI.pI.paMDyA jevA karmaniSTha rahenumA vidvAnane sahelAIthI bhUlI gaI che. temanA kAryanI joIe tevI kadara thaI nathI. A paristhiti durastI mAMge che - haju vadhu moDuM thayA pahelAM !!! pathikanaimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 139 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purAtattvapremI ane abhyAsu adhikArI puSpakAnta dhoLakiyA bharatakumAra' prA. ThAkara harSada trivedI hoThe kyAM kaMI nAma caDe che? haiyA upara hAtha dharuM tyAM nakhanI nokhI jAta jaDe che ! - hoThe, tame tamAre deza gayAM ahIM nesa valakhato mAro, kadIka UMcuM karI nejavuM dekhe rAha tamAro; kaMkunA lIpyA AMgaNamAM konA paganI chApa paDe che ? - hoThe ('rahI che vAta adhUrImAMthI) gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattva ane saMgrahAlaya khAtAne je keTalAka saMskRti ane saMzodhana premI sanniSTha adhikArIo maLyA che te paikInA eka gaNI zakAya evA gujarAta-saurASTra-kacchanA eka prauDha purAtattvavida ane myujhiolaoNjisTa puSyakAntabhAI viSNuzaMkara dhoLakiyAnuM 11 Disembara, 2002nA roja dara varSanI vaye vaDodarA mukAme avasAna thatAM itihAsarasiko, saMzodhako ane purAtattvapremIomAM zokanI chAyA pharI vaLI che. prabhAsapATaNa, bhUja, jUnAgaDha, vaDodarA khAte kyureTara rUpe sevAo bajAvyA bAda chelle teo saMgrahAlaya khAtAnA niyAmaka tarIke baDhatI pAmyA hatA, saurASTranA garavA giranAranI godamAM vaselA aitihAsika zahera jUnAgaDhamAM puSpakAMtabhAIno janma 25mI mArca, 1947nA roja thayo hato. vAcana ane saMgrahano zokha zarUthI keLavAyelo. eTale kumArAvasthAthI ja bhArata bALa pustakAlaya, kizora mitramaMDaLa, 'ravikara' vArSika ane bAlaAnaMda' pAkSikanA hastalikhita aMkonuM prakAzana, 'virATa bhArata' sAptAhikarAjakoTa)mAM bALavibhAganuM saMpAdana, jUnAgaDhamAM 'kalAsaMgama ane prabhAsapATaNamAM 'zivam' jevI sAMskRtika saMsthAonuM gaThana vagere prakAranI anekavidha pravRttio sAthe saMkaLAyelA rahyA. emaNe saMskRta sAthe bI.e. ane bhAratIya saMskRti sAthe ema.e. kareluM. nokarInI zarUAta mahesUla khAtAthI karI, paraMtu sAhitya, kalA ane sAMskRtika pravRttiono jIva hovAthI 1964mAM emaNe saMgrahAlaya khAtAnI kArakirdI apanAvI ane 24 varSanI yuvA vaye prabhAsapATaNa saMgrahasthAnamAM AsisTanTa kyureTara tarIke joDAyA. tyAM keTalAka purAvido sAthenA paricaya ane protsAhanathI saMzodhana-kAryamAM pravRtta thayA. kumAra, svAdhyAya, pathika, gujarAta, kacchamitra vageremAM emanA itihAsa, purAtattva, saMskRtine lagatA zodhalekho-nibaMdho prasiddha thayelA. AkAzavANI dUradarzana parathI paNa vArtAlApo-mulAkAto prasArita thatA rahyA, lekhana uparAMta soraTha saMzodhana sabhA, porabaMdara purAtana maMDaLa, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada, saurASTra kaccha ItihAsa pariSada, bhAratIya sAMskRtika nidhi, AMtararASTriya saMgrahAlaya samiti jevI rAjaya ane rAjya bahAranA itihAsa, purAtattva ane saMzodhana-kSetre pravRtta aneka saMsthAo sAthe paNa teo sakriya sabhya tarIke saMkaLAyelA rahyA hatA. saurASTra-kaccha itihAsa pariSadamAM maMtrI, upapramukha ane menejiMga TrasTI rahyA bAda 1994-1996mAM emanA pramukhapada daramiyAnamAM saMsthAnuM 11muM adhivezana 26-27 navembara, 1994mAM bhuja pAse zivapArasa saMkula khAte yojAyuM hatuM. te prasaMge A lakhanArane haste sanmAnita thavAnI taka maLelI. zrI dhoLakiyAe "myujhiyama kyureTaranA padane mAtra "zuSka nokarI' na samajatAM kharA arthamAM sevA mAnI pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 140 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hatI. sarakArI sevAnA bhAgarUpe jyAM jyAM gayA tyAM tyAMnA saMgrahasthAnane prathama haroLanI lokasaMsthA banAvavA prayatnazIla rahelA. prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyamanA navA makAna mATe jamIna saMpAdanamAM emanA prayatno sarAhanIya hatA. ahIMnA saMgrahasthAna viSayaka emanA be nibaMdho 'prabhAsanA killA para mahArAjA rAyasiMha rAThoDanuM Adhipatya' ane 'prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyame prApta karela keTalAka navA zilpakhaMDo' ullekhanIya che. jUnAgaDha myujhIyamamAM nUtana prakAre goThavaNInuM kArya ane darabAra hola myujhiyamamAM sudhArA-vadhArAnuM kArya karAvyuM. 'jUnAgaDha myujhIyamanI noMdhaNI paddhatino abhyAsa' tathA 'jUnAgaDha myujhiyame prApta kareluM jalakanyAnuM zilpa' emanA noMdhanIya lekho che. inTeka (jUnAgaDha cepTara)nA sahasaMyojaka tarIke jUnAgaDhane pravAsana kendra tarIke vikasAvavA ane dUradarzana para 'surabhi' dvArA rASTrIya stare camakAvavA teo paNa eka bhAgIdAra hatA, jenA pariNAme jUnAgaDhamAM "pirIyaDa myujhiyama sthApavAnI yojanAne sarakArI maMjUrI maLI. bhUjasthita kaccha saMgrahAlayamAM emanA kAryakALa daramyAna sudhArA-vadhArA, tenA saMgrahamAM navatara umerA ane zaikSaNika pravRttionA Ayojana dvArA myujhiyamane lokAbhimukha kareluM. haMgAmI pradarzano yojI sthAnika kalAkArone protsAhita karelA. emano pralaMba lekha "kaccha myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta zilpa sthApatya' Aje paNa vAcanIya che. eka acchA abhyAsu tarIke lakhAyelA emanA vividha zodhalekho "atItanI aTArIethI' pustaka '(1992)mAM saMpAdita thayA che. tenA AmukhamAM ke.kA.zAstrI noMdhe che tema "saMgrahAlaya adhikArI tarIke jayAM jayAM rahevAnuM banyuM tyAM AsapAsanA vistAronA pratyakSa darzana pachIno nicoDa A saMgrahamAM mUrta thayo che. A lekho emanI sUkama dRSTinA paricAyaka hovA sAthe saMgrahAlayonI vikAsayAtrAnA dyotaka che. itihAsanI aTArIe kSitija tarapha mAtra najara na karatAM jAta-abhyAsathI meLaveluM A bhAthuM vidyArthIo ane sahadharmIo mATe jJAnavardhaka che." A pustakamAM 'vaiSNavadharmanI prAcInatA tathA viSNunuM mUrtividhAna", "saurASTramAM zAkto ane zakti upAsanA, "somanAthanuM zilyAMkana', "gujarAtamAM sUryanuM mUrtividhAna' vagere lekhomAM emanI rajUAtanuM UMDANa vartAya che. emanI joDe parokSa rIte saMkaLAyelo eka bIjo prasaMga TAMkavA paNa mAruM mana atItanI smRtimAM sarI paDe che. sthAnika akhabAramAM mArA saMzodhana lekha badala puSpakAntabhAI taraphathI ukta pustaka mane saprema bheTa mokalAyuM hatuM ! 28 varSa kyureTara tarIkenI lAMbI sevA badala 1992mAM emane saMgrahAlaya khAtAnA vaDA (niyAmaka) tarIke baDhatI maLI ane 1998mAM nivRtti lagI A javAbadArI vahana karI. emanuM nidhana thatAM gujarAta potAno eka vidvajana gumAvyo che. saurASTranA saMzodhaka ane abhyAsune bhAvAMjali ho ! pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 141 For Private and Personal Use Only

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makaraMda mahetA ane temanAM saMzodhanomAMthI vyakta thatI aitihAsika vibhAvanA DaoN. vikeza paMDyA* I !sh| nant U s A lekha taiyAra karavAmAM Do. makaraMda mahetAe lakhelA graMtho ane lekhomAMthI pradAnarUpa gaNAya tene ja AvarI levAmAM AvyA che. vaLI temanI sAthenI rUbarU mulAkAtono AdhAra paNa levAmAM Avyo che. temaNe zarUAtamAM ja spaSTatA karI ke "jo tame ahobhAva rAkhyA vagara pasaMda karelA saMzodhanonuM samajadArIthI parIkSaNa karazo to tenAthI vAcaka mATe mUlyAMkana karavAnuM vadhAre saraLa banaze. tame tamArA pIeca.DI. mahAnibaMdha 18mAM saikAnA suratanI rAjakIya, Arthika ane sAMskRtika sthitimAM je taTasthatA ane vastunitA jALavI che tevuM dhoraNa mAre mATe paNa apanAvazo evo mAro Agraha che." temanA A sUcanane meM lakSamAM lIdhuM che. bhUtakALa sAthe saMkaLAyela koIpaNa sujJa vidvAnanA vaicArika abhigamo ane saMzodhana paddhatine samajavA mATe tenA bALapaNa ane jIvanaghaDataranAM varSonA anubhavo madadarUpa thaI paDe che. zrI makaraMda mahetA makaraMdabhAIno janma amadAvAdamAM 1931mAM thayo hato, paNa temanA pitA vaDodarAmAM sthAyI thayA hovAthI temaNe hAIskUla ane yunivarsiTInuM zikSaNa vaDodarAmAM lIdhuM hatuM. hAIskUlanA vidyArthI tarIke temane gaNita ane vijJAnamAM jarA paNa gama paDatI nahIM, paNa aMgrejI, gujarAtI ane saMskRta jevI bhASAomAM temaja itihAsamAM temane dhaNo rasa paDato. temano ghaNo samaya to lesana sivAyanuM bIjuM bahAranuM vAMcavAmAM jato, paNa vadhAre majhA to saMgIta, kerama ane pataMgo cagAvavAmAM paDatI. temaNe mane kahyuM hatuM, "huM hAIskUla sudhI taddana sAmAnya vidyArthI hato; muMbaI yunivarsiTInI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM pahelA prayatna 1948mAM pAsa thayo te ja mArA mATe ghaNuM hatuM." paraMtu yunivarsiTImAM praveza meLavyA bAda zrI mahetAe abhyAsamAM mana parovyuM. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI tAjI ja sthapAI hatI. temaNe bI.e. ane ema.e.nI padavIo mATe mukhya viSaya tarIke itihAsa ane vaikalpika viSaya tarIke rAjayazAstra pasaMda karyA hatA. rAjayazAstramAM temaNe rAjakIya siddhAMta ane pazcimanA rAjakIya tattvaciMtanano itihAsa" viSayo pasaMda karyA hovAthI temane bhArata ane yuropanA itihAsanA graMtho vAMcavAmAM phAvaTa AvatI gaI ane rasa paNa vadhavA lAgyo. tyAra bAda amerikAnI pensilavAniyA yunivarsiTImAM Arthika ane vyApAra vANijyanA itihAsanA vizeSa abhyAsa sAthe temaNe pharIthI ema.e.nI padavI prApta karI. gujarAta yunivarsiTInI pIeca.DI.nI padavI mATe temaNe "prayojaka (entrepreneur) tarIke raNachoDalAla choTAlAla" viSaya pasaMda karyo hato. makaraMdabhAIe kolejo ane yunivarsiTIomAM adhyApananI sAthe saMzodhanomAM paNa rasa lIdho che. paraMtu jJAtiprathA, dUdhapItIno cAla, satIprathA ane zaikSaNika paddhati jevA viSayo para aMgrejI bhASAmAM lakhelA temanA zarU zarUnA lekho moTe bhAge varNanAtmaka hatA. 'rezanala mUlyono moha ghaNo, paNa "DeTA sAthe tenuM saMkalana karatAM temane phAvatuM na hatuM. jo ke temaNe mane jovA ane abhyAsa karavA mATe ApelA lekho parathI eka vAta to cokkasa rIte phalita thAya che ke te samaye paNa graMthAlayo ane mahArASTra sTeTa ArkAivajha jevA abhilekhAgAromAMthI teo * vyAkhyAtA, itihAsa vibhAga, samAja vidyAbhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda-9 pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 142 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sorsa maTIriyala' bheguM karIne ja jaMpatA haze, temaNe mane kahyuM hatuM ke AvA mahenata-majUrInA kAmamAMthI ja vyaktinuM ghaDatara thAya che. zramapUrvaka ane prAmANikapaNe karelI koIpaNa mahenata eLe jatI nathI." AvAM kAraNosara ja AjanA jijJAsu vAcakane madadarUpa thaI paDe to AzayathI huM temanA traNa lekho TAkuM chuM. (1) 'The Caste System and Social Reform Movement in Gujarat in the Nineteenth Century', Journal of the Gujarat Research Society, Vol. 27, October, 1965. (2) 'The British Rule and the Practice of Sati in Gujarat', Journal of Indian History, Vol. 44, no1, August, 1966. (3) Educational Changes in Gujarat in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century', Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, Vol. 8, no. 4, 1968. itihAsakAra tarIke makaraMda mahetAne samajavA have AgaLa vadhIzuM. temaNe eka mulAkAtamAM mane kahyuM hatuM ke, "huM atyAra sudhI DeTA-kalekTara' hato. paraMtu mane thayuM ke jayAM sudhI aitihAsika hakIkato vaccenuM saMkalana nA karIe tyAM sudhI bhUtakALa kevI rIte bole ?" AvA saMjogomAM bhUtakALane samIkSApUrvaka (critically) ane vastuniSTha (objective) dRSTie jovA-tapAsavA (inquiry and investigation)mAM jo koI vyaktio temane pratyakSa rIte madadarUpa thaI hoya to te vaDodarAnI ma.sa.yunivarsiTInA prophesara sva. esa.sI.mizrA, muMbaI yunivarsiTInA samAjazAstranA vizvavikhyAta prophesara sva. akSayakumAra desAI (sAhityakAra ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAInA putra) ane inDiyana insTiTyUTa opha menejamenTanA prophesara dvijendra tripAThI hatA. DaoN. desAIno graMtha 'Social Background of Indian Nationalism'at's 244 24642Hi als[44 44-41 od 247 yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa dvArA "bhAratIya rASTravAdanI sAmAjika bhUmikA" zIrSaka heThaLa te prakAzita thayo hato. DaoN. desAI kArla mArkasanA baMdhAtmaka bhautikavAdamAM (dialectical materialism) mAM mAnatA hovAthI temano aitihAsika abhigama-vargasaMgharSano hato. DaoN. satISa mizrA para mArkasavAda uparAMta jeramI benyAma, jahona TuarTa mIla, harbaTa spensara ane thomasa hIlagrIna jevA yuropIya udAramatavAdIo tathA upayogitAvAdIonI paNa asara hatI. DaoN. tripAThI para mArksavAdanI asara ochI; vizeSa karIne udAramatavAda ane tenI sAthe sAthe kinsa ane josepha zuSpITara jevA arthazAstrIonI temanA upara asara hatI. A traNeya vidvAno sAthenA gADha paricayathI zrI mahetAnA aitihAsika dRSTikoNamAM parivartana AvyuM. A uparAMta zrI mahetAne dilhInA zrI rAma senTara opha inDasTriala rIlezansanA "enTaraprenoriyala hisTarI" vibhAgamAM temaja inDiyana insTiTyUTa oNpha menejamenTa tathA pUnAnI gokhale insTiTyUTa oNpha paoNliTiksa eNnDa ikonomiksamAM varSo sudhI kAma karavAnI taka maLI hatI. temAM mukhyatve to arthazAstrIo, rAjayazAstrIo ane samAjazAstrIo hatA. tethI temanI sAthenA AdAna-pradAnane pariNAme temane sAmAjika vidyAonuM saMkalana itihAsa sAthe karavAnI phAvaTa AvatI gaI. A rIte temane eka tarapha sAmAjika vidyAonI sUjha maLatI gaI ane bIjI tarapha tapAsa-paddhatio vizenI jANakArI paNa maLatI gaI. A carcA daramiyAna DaoN. mahetAe mane temano abhiprAya ApatAM kahyuM hatuM ke, "itihAsakAre 200-300 varSanA ghaNA lAMbA gALAno abhyAsa TALavo joIe. kAraNa ke tenAthI jANe-ajANe sAmAnyIkaraNo (generalizations) thaI jAya che. pariNAme mAnavasaMbaMdho pAchaLa kAma karatAM Arthika, dhArmika, bhautika, vaicArika ane rAjakIya paribaLono sAco khyAla AvI zakato nathI. tethI lAMbA samayanuM kakaDe kakaDe vibhAjana karIne tene jo tenI tamAma akhilAIomAM samajIe to aitihAsika kRtio vadhAre buddhigamya ane pragalma bane che. tene lIdhe itihAsa sthira (static) na rahetAM te nAnAM-moTAM parivartanonI dRSTie gatizIla (mobile) bane che. Ama "Particular (viziSTa)mAMthI "Gen pathika * naimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 143 For Private and Personal Use Only

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eral' (sAmAnya; sarvasAdhAraNa)mAM javuM vadhAre ucita lAge che. jo ke baMne vaccenA tAlamelanI paNa khUba ja jarUrata che." tethI meM zrI mahetAne kahyuM ke "tamArI vAta sAcI lAge che, paNa tamArI potAnI 'hisTarInI prekTisa vize jaNAvo." paNa A savAlano phoDa pADatAM temaNe kahyuM ke atyAra sudhI meM tamane je kahyuM che te mArA lekhana kAryane ja atyaMta mahattvapUrNa bhAga che. tethI theory ane practise ne chUTA pADI na zakAya. temaNe umeryuM : "eka vAta to cokkasa che ane tame paNa sArI rIte jANo cho ke koIpaNa itihAsakAra game teTalo prayAsa kare chatAM tene mATe saMpUrNa rIte taTastha ke bAhyaniSTha rahevAnuM zakya ja nathI. Ama chatAM itihAsakAra tenI AiDiyolojI ane siddhAMto vize jeTalo sabhAna hoya teTalo tene tathA tenA vAcakone phAyado thAya. paraMtu AvI koI AiDiyolojI ane siddhAMto ke vaicArika mALakhuM (conceptual frame work) ja tenI pAse nA hoya to te zAne AdhAre prazno pUche ? ane te kevI rIte itihAsanuM navasarjana karI zake? pUrvadhAraNAo ane saMbhAvanAo (hypothesis and assumptions) to vyavasAyI ItihAsakArano prANa che. tene cakAsyA vagara itihAsa relavenA samayapatraka ane hoTalanA menunI jema hakIkata pracura ja hoya che." makaraMdabhAIe te aMgenI vAta temanA nIcenA lekha dvArA sau prathama karI : "Maharaj Libel Case : A study in Social Change in Western India in the Ninteenth Century', Indo-Asian Culture, New Delhi, Vol. 19, no. 4, January, 1971. A lekhamAM temaNe puSTimArgI vaiSNava AcArya jadunAthajI mahArAje jAnyuArI 1862mAM samAjasudhAraka karasanadAsa mULajI sAme badanakSIno je dAvo mAMDyo tenuM varNana temaja vizleSaNa karIne sAmAjika parivartananA keTalAka saiddhAMtika muddAo upasAvyA che. temaNe lakhyuM che ke pazcimanI rezanala vicArasaraNI tathA chApakhAnAM jevAM bhautika mAdhyamo vagara A prakAranA mukaddamAno prasaMga bhAgye ja banyo hota. temano bIjo muddo e che ke briTiza kaoNrTa 'gaubrAhmaNa pratipAlakanA Adarzane varelI na hovAthI teNe jadunAthajI mahArAja uparAMta temanA aneka puSTimArgI anuyAyIone adAlatamAM hAjara rahevAnI pharaja pADI hatI. adAlata karasanadAsa mULajInI tarapheNamAM cukAdo Apyo hato, paNa makaraMda mahetAe temanA lekhanA aMtima zabdomAM sUcaka rIte lakhyuM che ke "mahArAja lAyabala kesa'mAM karasanadAsano vijaya mAtra temano vyaktigata vijaya ja na hato, te muMbaI ane gujarAtamAM dhIme dhIme pAMgaratAM jatAM rezanala mUlyono paNa vijaya hato. karasanadAsa mULajI ane narmada jevA temane sahAya karanArA mitroe e siddha karyuM hatuM ke "je bAbata nItimattAthI viruddha hoya te kadIpaNa dhArmika hoI ja na zake." uparokta aMgrejI lekhane AdhAre makaraMda mahetA tathA acuta yAjJike nIcenI pustikA prasiddha karI che : "karasanadAsa mULajI : jIvana noMdha", gujarAta viSamatA nirmulana pariSada, amadAvAda, 1983. tyArabAda DaoN. mahetAe temanA bahu carcAyelA sphoTaka lekha "sAMpradAyika sAhitya ane sAmAjika cetanA : svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyano abhyAsa, 1800-1840", "arthAtu graMtha-5, aMka-4, oNkaTo.-Disembara, 1986)nI vAta karI. te pahelAM 1977mAM temaNe kalakattAthI prasiddha thatA Quarterly Review of Historical Studies (Vol. 17, no.4, 1977-78)mAM temano saMzodhana lekha "The Swaminarayana Sect. : A case study of Hindu Religious Sect in Modern Times" prasiddha karyo hato ane temAM keTalAka prazno uThAvIne te aMgenI temanI 'investigative method' vize carcA karI hatI. tene bhAratabharamAMthI sAro AvakAra maLatAM temane uttejana maLyuM hatuM. tethI temaNe varaso sudhI mahArASTra sTeTa ArkAijha ane baroDA rekorDajha, ophisa jevA abhilekhAgAramAMthI mULa sroto bhegA karyA hatA. bIjA anekavidha svarUpanA prakAzita sroto to kharA ja. teo A aMge kArya karI rahyA hatA. te daramiyAna suratanA senTara phora soziyala sTaDIjha dvArA pathika saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 144 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya ane sAmAjika cetanA' viSaya upara eka seminAranuM Ayojana thayuM. tethI temaNe eka vistRta lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM taiyAra karyo ane temAM evA prazno pUchyA ke : "koIpaNa dharma ke dharmasaMpradAya kevI rIte zarU thAya che? saMpradAyano phelAvo kevI rIte thAya che ? ane chevaTe navA saMpradAyamAM sAmela thayela asaMkhya lokonI, jIvanazailI tathA jIvanadhoraNamAM zuM pheraphAra Ave che ?" A prakAranA prazno pUchIne temaNe seminAramAM kahyuM hatuM ke koIpaNa dharma ke saMpradAyanA phelAvA mATe nIcenI bAbato nirNAyaka paribaLo tarIke kAma kare che. (1) dharma-saMpradAyanA sthApakanuM saMmohaka vyaktitva ane temano vibhUtimata (Charisma and Charismatic Authority). (2) zAstro, purANo, daMtakathAo, smRtio, vedo ane vedAnta vagerene AdhAre siddha thatI naitika yathArthatA (Moral Legitimacy) (3) avatAravAdanI mAnyatAne AdhAre saMpradAyanA sthApakamAM nirUpavAmAM AvatuM daivatva. (4) je te saMpradAyano dharmagraMtha (Canon) jemake svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyano dharmagraMtha, zikSApatrI' ane (5) saMsthAkIya tANAvANA (Organizational Network) buddha ane mahAvIrathI zarU karIne zaMkarAcArya, mAdhavAcArya, vallabhAcArya ane sahajAnaMda svAmI jevA vividha dharmasaMpradAyonA sthApakonI zarUzarUnI pravRttio tathA tenA aitihAsika vikAsane samajavAmAM A saiddhAMtika khyAla cAvIrUpa che. tene samajAvavA mATe ghaNA vistArathI lakhavuM paDe. tethI DaoN. mahetAe mane eTaluM ja kahyuM ke meM svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyane samajAvavA A uparAMta arthazAstrane anurUpa prayojanazaktinA siddhAMta (entrepreneurial theory) no paNa upayoga karyo hato. te mujaba meM sahajAnaMda svAmIne ucca nItibhAvanA dharAvatA sadAcArI puruSa ane naitika sudhAraka uparAMta eka dhArmika prayojaka tarIke paNa gaNAvyA hatA. temanuM aMgata saMmohaka vyaktitva to kharuM ja, paNa je vividha rIte temaNe potAne zrIkRSNanA avatAra gaNAvyA te paNa mahattvano prazna Ubho kare che. vaLI, saMpradAyanA sthApakanI hayAtI bAda tenI gAdI ke milakata mATe je tIvra harIphAIo thatI hoya che te muddo paNa dharmasaMpradAyane vyavahAru svarUpamAM samajavAmAM madadarUpa che. A uparAMta makaraMdabhAIe temanA lekhamAM e mudo paNa upasAvyo che ke "saMpradAyamAM sAmela thayA bAda tenA anuyAyIonA jIvanamAM zuM parivartana Ave che ?" zUdrone anulakSIne temaNe lakhyuM hatuM : zUddhoe zuM prApta karyuM ? saMpradAyamAM joDAtAM pahelAM teo sthAnika deva-devIonI ArAdhanA karatA, satsaMgamAM sAmela thayA bAda tene sthAne temaNe ucca iSTadeva prApta karyA. paraMtu temanI potAnI Arthika sthitimAM ane sAmAjika darajajAmAM, temaja akSarajJAnanA dhoraNamAM koI ja pharaka paDyo nahIM !" jo ke mArI draSTie A vivAdAspada vidhAna che. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA meM vAMcelA saMkhyAbaMdha graMthomAM lakhyuM che ke sahajAnaMda svAmIe tathA temanA sAdhuoe temanA upadezo dvArA lAkho zUdrone mAMsa-madirAthI mukta karyA hatA eTaluM ja nahIM, temaNe zUdrone mahenata ane puruSArtha karIne temanuM jIvanadhoraNa UMcuM lAvavAnI himAyata karI hatI. Aje to tenI vidhAyaka asaro spaSTa rIte vartAya che. A saMpradAyanAM ucca nIti-niyamonuM pAlana karIne nIcalA staramAMthI AvelA lAkho anuyAyIoe Arthika ane sAmAjika rIte pragati karI che. mahArAja lAyabala kesa'nI jema A lekha badala makaraMda mahetAnI sAme korTa kesa thayo hato. amArI vaccenA saMvAda daramiyAna temaNe mane kahyuM hatuM ke mane jyAre mArA uparokta lekhanI keTalIka kSatio dekhAI tyAre meM jAte ja pramukhasvAmI samakSa bhara sabhAmAM teno svIkAra karyo hato. temanA lekhathI saMpradAyanA lAkho anuyAyIonAM pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 - 145 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dila dubhAyAM hovAthI makaraMdabhAIne samajAyuM hatuM ke temaNe jalada bhASA ane zailIno upayoga karavo joIto na hato. Ama chatAM makaraMdabhAIe je umeryuM te ghaNuM sUcaka che. temanA zabdomAM : "mArI thIyarIo khoTI hatI tema huM Aje paNa mAnato nathI. mAtra mArI rajUAta karavAnI bhASA ane zailImAM ja doSa hato, jene kAraNe saMpradAyanI lAgaNI sakAraNa dubhAI hatI." tethI AjanA yuvA itihAsakArone teo eTaluM ja kahevA mAge che ke temaNe vAha-vAhathI bharapUra lekho lakhavAne badale dharmanuM paNa evuM samIkSApUrvaka (critical) nirUpaNa karavuM joIe ke je samAjaparivartananI prakriyA ane saMpradAyanA anuyAyIonI lAgaNIo ane bhAvanAo vacce saMtulana jALavI zake. have zrI mahetAnA uparokta banne lekhonI jema pradAna rUpa gaNAya tevA traNa lekhono paricaya huM karAvIza, A lekho paNa samAja-parivartananA saMdarbhamAM ja che. (1) From Sahajanand to Gandhi : Role, Perception and Methods'. A lekha esa.pI.sene prasiddha karela nIcenA graMthamAM chapAyo hato : Social and Religious Reform Movements in the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Century, (Calcutta, 1974) (2) 'The Leader and his Mileau : Gandhi and Ahmedabad, 1915-1920', Indian His torical Review, ICHR, VOL.12, nos. 1-2, July, 1985 (3) "madhyakAlIna sAhitya, samAja ane itihAsa; keTalAka prazno ane nirIkSaNo' 'sAmIpya', pu. 16, aMka 3-4, okTobara 1999thI mArca 20OO. prathama lekhamAM prophesara mahetAe sahajAnaMda svAmIthI zarU karIne narmada ane mahIpatarAma rUparAma jevA pazcimanI vicArasaraNIthI prabhAvita thayelA samAjasudhArako tathA dayAnaMda sarasvatI ane maNilAla nabhubhAI jevA saMrakSaNavAdIone "paraMparA ane parivartana'nA pariprekSyamAM gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNI sAthe sAMkaLavAno prayAsa karyo che. bIjA lekhamAM gAMdhIjInuM mUlyAMkana karavA mATe mAtra pAMca varSano samayagALo pasaMda karyo che. A baMne lekhono ekasAthe abhyAsa karavAthI mane e vAtano khyAla AvI zakyo hato ke gAMdhIjIe narmada, dayAnaMda sarasvatI, maNilAla nabhubhAI, uttarakAlIna narmada ane govardhanarAma tripAThI jevA tejasvI sudhArakonI philasUphI ane pravRttio vacce abhUtapUrva saMkalana karyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe satya ane ahiMsA aMgenI temanI philasUphI AgavI rIte vikasAvI hatI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tene vyavahAramAM mUkavA mATenA prayogo ( 'satyanA prayogo') paNa karyA hatA. tene AdhAre temaNe samagra rASTra ane samAjano utkarSa karavAnA bhagIratha prayAso karyA hatA, trIjA lekhama zrI mahetAe thokabaMdha sAdhana-sAmagrIne AdhAre batAvyuM che ke madhyakAlIna sAhitya dharmapradhAna hovA uparAMta temAM Arthika ane sAmAjika pravRttionI upara paNa bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo hato. A rIte trIjA lekhamAM temaNe sAhitya, samAja, dharma ane arthakAraNane kuzaLatApUrvaka madhyakAlanA saMdarbhamAM sAMkaLyAM che. gujarAtanA kacaDAyelA ane pIDAyelA samAjane lakSamAM laIne je itihAsa lakhAyo che tene 'sabalaTarna hisTarI' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A bAbatamAM pAyAnuM kAma karanAra vidvAnomAM iMglenDanI vorIka yunivarsiTInA prophesara DeviDa hArDImana ane prophesara makaraMda mahetAno samAveza thAya che. zrI mahetA ne DaoN. hArDImana varasothI gADha mitro che. hArDImana temanA dakSiNa gujarAtanA AdivAsIo paratvenA graMtha 'devI AMdolana' jevA graMtho mATe vizvavikhyAta che. A bAbatamAM makaraMda mahetAno eka graMtha ane eka lekha namUnArUpa gaNIne atre rajU karIzuM: graMtha : "hindu varNavyavasthA, samAjaparivartana ane gujarAtanA dalito' (amadAvAda, 1995) pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 146 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lekha : "The Dalit Temple Entry Movements in Maharashtra and Gujarat, 19301948" in Takashi Shinoda (ed.) The Other Gujarat (Mumbai, 2002) have A lekhanA chellA muddA- Arthika itihAsa vize jarUrI mAhitI ApIzuM. A kSetramAM temanA graMtho ane lekhoe bhAratIya temaja videzI vidvAnonuM dhyAna doryuM che. tenA namUnArUpa keTalAka graMtho ane lekho nIce mujaba che. graMtho : (1) 'mahAjanonI yazagAthA' (amadAvAda, 1994) (2) Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective (Delhi, 1991) (3) Dwijendra Tripathi and Makrand Mehta, Business Houses in Western India : A Study in Entrepreneurial Approach, 1850-1956, (New Delhi, 1990) (4) gujarAtIo ane pUrva AphrikA, 1850-1960 : gujarAtIpaNAnI zodhamAM (muMbaI ane amadAvAda, 2001) lekho : (1) 'Science Versus Technology : The Early Years of Kala Bhavan, Baroda, 18861900', Indian Journal of the IIistory of Science : Indian National Science Academy, Vol. 27(2), 1992 (2) The Gujarati and the Arab Merchants, A.D. 942-1500 : Some Observations Based on Contemporary Sources', Al Watheekah, Baharin, Issue no. 18, January, 1991. (3) Gujarati Business Communities in East African Diaspora : Major Historical Trends' Economic and Political Wcckly, Mumbai, Vol. 36, no. 20, may 19, 2001. uparokta graMtho ane lekhone sarvagrAhI rIte vaNI letAM temAMthI keTalAka mahattvanA muddAonI carcA karIzuM. DaoN. makaraMda mahetAe meksa vebara jevA yuropIya vidvAnonI evI vicArasaraNIone radiyo Apyo che ke "hiMda upara briTiza zAsananI asaro thaI te pahelAM hiMda jJAtiprathA ane punarjanmanA siddhAMtone vareluM hoI te Arthika rIte pachAta hatuM, ane je kAMI parivartana AvyuM te briTiza zAsananI zaikSaNika, vaicArika, Arthika ane bhautika asarone lIdhe ja." AvI mAnyatAone radiyo ApatAM temaNe zAMtidAsa jhaverI, vIrajI vorA ane bhImajI pArekha jevA 17mA saikAnA mahAna gujarAtI vepArIo ane karmayogIonA dRSTAMto ApyAM che ane lakhyuM che ke hakIkatamAM to te samaye gujarAtIo deza-paradezamAM mAlanI nikAsa karIne aDhaLaka dravya kamAtA hatA. bhImajI pArekha vize temaNe lakhyuM che ke suratanA A vepArIe henarI hilsa nAmanA briTiza prinTiMga TekanolojisTane laMDanathI surata bolAvIne I.sa. 1972mAM chApakhAnuM zarU karavAno prayAsa karyo hato, paraMtu DaoN. jahona phrAyaranI caDhavaNIthI te teno kaoNnTrAkTa pUro karyA vagara ja iMglenDa bhego thaI gayo hato. jo A kAma saphaLa thayuM hota to bhImajI pArekha dvArA, AjanI paribhASAmAM, mAhitInI krAMti (information revolution) thaI hota. bIjI vAta e che ke A ja bhImajI pArekhe (puSTimArgI vaiSNava) tenA jaina mitra ane mahAna vepArI vIrajI vorAno sahakAra sAdhIne I.sa. 1669mAM auraMgajhebanI dharmavaTALanI pravRttinI sAme loka-AMdolana calAvyuM hatuM. auraMgajhebanI dharmavaTALa nItine anusarIne suratanA kAjhIe traNa hinduone islAmamAM vaTalAvI nAkhyA. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 147 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tenI pratikriyA rUpe A baMne vepArIoe be aThavADiyA sudhI jaDabesalAka haDatAla paDAvI hatI. paraMtu tenI khAsa asara na thatAM ATha hajAra hindu ane jaino surata choDIne bharUcamAM hijarata karI gayA hatA. paristhiti evI to vaNasI ke chevaTe auraMgajhebane mAphI mAgavI paDI hatI. sAmAnya rIte badhA evuM mAne che ke ahiMsaka AMdolanonI zarUAta karanAra mahAtmA gAMdhI hatA, paraMtu makaraMda mahetAe Thosa sAdhana-sAmagrIne AdhAre lakhyuM che ke gAMdhIjI pahelAMnuM A sau prathama ahiMsaka AMdolana hatuM ane te gujarAtanA ahiMsA ane vyApArI saMskAranA aMtargata bhAgarUpa hatuM. bIjo eka muddo laIe to zrI mahetAe puSTimArgI saMpradAyanA saMdarbhamAM lakhyuM che ke tenA sthApaka vallabhAcArya (1479-1531) ane tyArabAda temanA putro gopInAtha ane viThThalanAthe gujarAtamAM kRSNabhaktine evI te lokapriya banAvI hatI ke kSAtradharma pALatA bhATiyAo ane keTalAka jaino paNa temAM sAmela thayA hatA. mAMsa-madirAnuM sevana karatA bhATiyAo A saMpradAyamAM sAmela thayA pachI zAkAhArI banyA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa temaNe kSAtradharma choDIne vaizya dharma eTale ke vyApArane apanAvyo. puSTimArgI AcAryoe kRSNabhaktinI sAthe sAthe puruSArthano mahimA vadhAratAM kahyuM ke "A jagata mithyA nathI, puruSArtha ane udyama dvArA paNa vyakti ane kuTuMbanI Arthika samRddhi ane tenA thakI sAmAjika darajjo vadhI zake che. vaLI, temaNe khetIne uttejana ApyuM temaja dudhALAM DhoronA rakSaNa-saMvardhanano mahimA paNa gAyo. AvAM daSTAMto ane dalIlo dvArA zrI mahetAe lakhyuM che ke gujarAtamAM aMgrejoe "sAmAjika parivartana (social change) nI prakriyA zarU karI tenA ra00 varSa pahelAM saMpradAyo dvArA jJAtinI gatizIlatA (cast mobility) nI ghaTanA banI hatI, ane te pracaMDa prakAranI ghaTanAo hatI. vaLI, temaNe temanA graMtha 'gujarAtIo ane pUrva AphrikAmAM lakhyuM che ke te mujaba 19mA saikAmAM aMgrejo ane yuropiyanoe pUrva AphrikAmAM praveza karyo tenA seMkaDo varaso pahelAM gujarAtIo tyAM vyApAra arthe sthAyI thaI cUkyA hatA. vAsko-DI-gAmA pUrva AphrikAnA malIndI baMdaramAM jyAre pahoMcyo tyAre tyAM teno bheTo kacchI vahANavaTI kAnajI mAlama sAthe thayo hato ane A kAnajI mAlame ja vAskoDI-gAmAne 1498mAM kAlIkaTano rasto batAvyo hato. Ama, DaoN. makaraMda mahetAe Arthika itihAsamAM pAyAnuM kAma karyuM che. A bAbatamAM mAre khAsa lakhavuM joIe ke temaNe mAnavane mAtra "ikonomika mena'nA zULa svarUpamAM jovAne badale manuSyanI Urmi, bhAvanAo ane tenI lAgaNIo upara bhAra mUkIne Arthika, naitika ane dhArmika aMga-upAMgo vaccenA tANAvANA sAdhavAnA prayatno karyA che. bhATiyA, lohANA, khojA, memaNa, vorA ane pATIdAro jevI vividha jJAtio, saMpradAya ane komo dharAvatAM gujarAtIoe pUrva AphrikAmAM je siddhio hAMsala karI tenuM varNana ane vizleSaNa temaNe vizada rIte temanA graMtha gujarAtIo ane pUrva AphrikAmAM karyuM che, ane e rIte gujarAtanI asmitAnA kadAca sauthI mahattvanAM gaNAya tevAM Arthika pAsAMone upasAvyAM che. Ama, DaoN. mahetAnA saMzodhanano vyApa bahoLo che ane te Arthika, dhArmika, sAmAjika ane sabalaTarna kSetrone AvarI le che. jo ke temaNe mane temanI maryAdAo paNa nikhAlasa bhAve jaNAvI hatI. eka to e ke temaNe itihAsanA saMzodhanamAM jeTaluM mahattva samAjazAstra ane arthazAsane ApyuM che teTaluM tattvajJAnane ApyuM nathI. tethI hakIkatone sUkSma svarUpamAM samajavA mATe je philasUphInI (khAsa karIne itihAsanuM tattvaciMtana) sUjha anivArya gaNAya te temanAM lakhANomAMthI prApta thatI nathI. gujarAtamAM A prakAranuM kAma zrI rasikalAla parIkha, DaoN. ke.kA.zAstrI ane DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI jevA saMskRtinA tajjJoe ane temanA ziSyoe karyuM che. bhAratanA dharmone ane dharmonI vibhAvanAo mATe tattvajJAnanuM jJAna ghaNuM Avazyaka che tema DaoN. mahetAe mane kahyuM hatuM ane umeryuM hatuM ke, "saMskRtino abhyAsa daSTine vizALa banAve che, itihAsano abhyAsa dRSTine eTalI hada sudhI vizALa rAkhI zakato nathI. jo ke itihAsa ane saMskRti e baMne bhaginI zisto che ane ekabIjAnI pUraka pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, ra003 * 148 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che, ane tene AgaLa dhapAvavA mATe "TIma varkanI jarUra che." vaLI zrI mahetAe mane ema paNa kahyuM hatuM ke "keTalAka dilhI sthita tathA baMgALa ane mahArASTranA itihAsakAro je vizvabharamAMthI pAMgaratA jatA navAnavA aitihAsika sAhitya ane abhigamo sAthe satata saMparka rAkhe che tevuM mArAthI banI zakyuM nathI. tene mATe kadAca mArI potAnI ArAmapriya' prakRti javAbadAra che. temaNe chevaTe kahyuM hatuM ke "Ama chatAM mAro potAno anubhava evo che ke ApaNI zakti mujaba dhagaza rAkhIne prAmANikapaNe jo. kAma karIe to gujarAtamAM tenI kadara kAMI ochI thatI nathI." makaraMdabhAIe bhale vinamra bhAve A pramANe mane kahyuM, Ama chatAM mArI dRSTie temanA bIjA keTalAka graMtho ane lekho UMcI kakSAnA che. prastuta lekhanI dRSTie tene temaja deza-videzanI temanI vidyAyAtrAo temaja anya siddhione paDatAM mUkIne e vAta para meM vizeSa bhAra mUkyo che ke eka sAmAnya vidyArthImAMthI koIpaNa mANasa kevI rIte ghaDAya che. mane lAge che ke A lekha dvArA eka bAbata to spaSTa rIte tarI Ave che ke jo yuvA peDhInA adhyApako ane saMzodhakomAM UMcI mahattvAkAMkSA ane te prApta karavA mATeno utsAha ane parizrama hoya to te jarUra siddhi prApta karI zake che. mane ema paNa lAge che ke temanI ane temanA jevA anya itihAsakAro upara kAma karavAnI ghaNI jarUra che. mane AzA che ke mAro A prayAsa yuvA itihAsakAro mATe preraNArUpa sAbita thaze. pathika * naimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 149 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sva. zaMbhuprasAda haraprasAda dezAI ane purAtattvapremI sva. maNibhAI vorA DaoN. Ara.TI.sAvaliyA prabhAsanA agragaNya dezAI kuTuMbamAM emano janma tA. 6-8-1908nA roja thayo hato. zrI zaMbhubhAInuM AkhuM kuTuMba vidyAvyAsaMgI ane sAhityapremI hatuM. muMbaI vizvavidyAlayamAMthI bI.e., ela.ela.bI.nuM zikSaNa 1932mAM prApta karI prabhAsamAM vakIlAta zarU karI. 1934mAM jUnAgaDha rAjyanA mahesUla khAtAmAM joDAyA tyAM judA judA hoddAo upara rahI svAdhInatA pachI saurASTra, muMbaI ane gujarAta rAjyamAM paNa UMcA sthAno bhogavI AI.e.esa. thayA ane vayamaryAdAne kAraNe 1966mAM amarelInA kalekTaranA padethI nivRtta thayA. AvI javAbadArIvALI nokarI hovA chatAM emaNe emanA itihAsa pratyenA anurAga ane saMzodhana vRttine jALavI A viSayanI UMDI upAsanA karI che. zrI zaMbhubhAIe 1926mAM "somanAthano ghero" nAmanuM sAta sargomAM eka kAvya lakhyuM hatuM ane 1932mAM 'prabhAsa yAtrA varNana' nAmanI pustikA lakhI hatI. temAM yAtriko ane pravAsIone upayogI evI aitihAsika ane bhaugolika mAhitI ApI hatI. 1948-49mAM emanAM kAvyo, lokasAhityanA saMzodhana ane zreSTha kRtio mATe pAritoSika maLyuM hatuM. 1958mAM "saurASTrano itihAsa prasiddha karyo (jenuM nUtana saMskaraNa 1968mAM pragaTa thayela. te pachI 'prabhAsa ane somanAtha' (1965), 'pitRtarpaNa', 'jUnAgaDha ane giranAra' (1975), 'dvArakA' tathA 'dhI phoresTa oNpha gira', 'tArIkhe soraTha va hAlAra' (1978), 'saurASTranA itihAsanI vArtAo' (1978) vagere gujarAtI-aMgrejI pustako pragaTa karI itihAsa rasika vidvAno, saMzodhako temaja pravAsIone ja2I mAhitI pUrI pADI che. 'saurASTrano itihAsa' graMthamAM saurASTrano I.sa. 1965 sudhIno itihAsa 12 prakaraNomAM AlekhAyo che. jemAM prAcInakAlathI laIne 1820 sudhInA pratyeka yugane aMte te yuganI keTalIka Avazyaka sAmagrI saMkSepamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. jemAM anya itihAsa-saMskRtinA vidvAnonA lakhANo, graMtho purANo, zilAlekho, musalamAna ane aMgreja itihAsakAronA graMtho, dastAvejono upayoga AdhArabhUta rIte karelo che. 'prabhAsa ane somanAtha' pustakamAM prabhAsa ane tene itihAsa prasiddha karanAra somanAtha maMdirano prAcInakAlathI Aja sudhIno bhAgyapalaTA jevA vArApherAvALo, itihAsa yathAzakya saMpUrNatAthI AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. emAM mahamUda gajhanavI ane te pachInA muslima AkramaNakAronI caDhAIo ane somanAtha maMdiranA temanA dvArA thayelA dhvaMsa tathA hindu rAjAone hAthe thayelA tenA jIrNoddhAra ke navanirmANano vRttAMta ane kaDIbaddha itihAsathI prabhAsa ane somanAtha aMgenI samRddhi mAhitI prAptathAya che. 'jUnAgaDha ane giranAra' pustakamAM jUnAgaDha jevA purANa prasiddha ane saurASTranA itihAsamAM kendra sthAne rahelA aitihAsika nagarano itihAsa Apyo che. temAM mAtra rAjadvArI itihAsa ja nahi. paNa samAja, saMskRti, sthApatya vagere viSayone paNa samAvI lIdhA che. I.sa. 1947nI navamI tArIkhe navAbI zAsanano aMta Avyo ane soraTha svataMtra thayuM te tArIkhe A itihAsa vAstavika rIte pUro thAya che. "tArIkhe soraTha va hAlAra'' jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna raNachoDajIe 19mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM pUrNa karelo phArasI itihAsa graMtha chapAyo nahato. A graMthamAM tenA lekhake AdikALathI I.sa. 1830 sudhIno soraTha dezano itihAsa Alekhyo che. te sAthe saurASTranA bIjA pradezo ane savizeSa hAlAra prAntano itihAsa vistRta rIte varNavyo che. pathika traimAsika julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 - 150 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jemAM lekhake potAnA samayano ane potAnA kuTuMbano itihAsa lakhavA dhAryuM haze paNa pAchaLathI te vicAra pheravI rAjapUta rAjAo, muslima sulatAno, sUbAo vagerenA vRttAMto umeryA che. uparAMta soraTha dezanI bhUgoLa ane agatyanAM nagaronI saMkSipta chatAM saMpUrNa kahI zakAya evI mAhitI ApI che. A hastalikhita graMthanI hastapratonA AdhAre eka zuddha hastaprata phArasI bhASAmAM zrI zaMbhuprasAda dezAIe taiyAra karI ane tenuM gujarAtI bhASAntara pustaka rUpe pragaTa karyuM. kuLa saMskAra jevI phArasInI jANakArI lekhakane ahIM kAma AvelI jaNAya che. 'saurASTranA itihAsanI vArtAo" e lekhakano vArtA saMgraha che. saurASTranA 'phUlachAba' dainika 'itihAsanI ArasI' zIrSaka heThaLa emanI A kathAo pragaTa thayelI. jemAM saurASTranA itihAsanI satya ghaTanAone ane savizeSa prema, karuNA, mAnavatA, zaurya ane svArpaNanI kathAo AlekhI che. temanI vArtAnA pustaka "jagadaMbA ane bIjI vArtAono paccIsa bhASAomAM anuvAda thayo che. gujarAta itihAsa pariSada ane saurASTra itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha tarIke emaNe mananIya pravacano ApyAM hatAM. saurASTra yunivarsiTIe teone Di.lI.nI padavI enAyata karI hatI. 'Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Saurashtra' (jUnAgaDha, 1980) pustakamAM 70 jeTalA saurASTranA vividha sthaLoe AvelI masjido ane rojhAonA I.sa. 1195 thI 1847 sudhInA zilAlekhono saMgraha, pATha ane likhyuMtara tathA noMdha sAthe prakAzita karela che. Ama zrI zaMbhuprasAda desAI 1960 pahelAM ja gujarAta rAjayanA prathama paMktinA kuzaLa ane bAhoza sAthe nItimAna adhikArI hatA. teo prathama paMktinA sAhityakAra sAthe itihAsavida ane phArasI bhASAvida paNa hatA. saurASTranA itihAsanA prakAMDa vidvAna zrI zaMbhuprasAda dezAInuM 92 varSanI vaye eprila, 2000nA roja jUnAgaDha mukAme dehAvasAna thayuM. sva. zrI maNibhAI vorA zrI maNibhAI vorAno janma 23, jAnyu. 1905 porabaMdaramAM thayo hato. mAdhyamika ane uccazikSaNa paNa ahIM ja lIdhuM. itihAsa viSayamAM snAtakanI padavI meLavIne porabaMdaramAM ja zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. itihAsa sAthe saMkaLAyela purAtattva, samAjazAstra, dharma, darzanavidyAno paNa emaNe abhyAsa karyo hato. saurASTranI saMtaparaMparA vize emanI pAse aDhaLaka mAhitI hatI. teo saurASTranI lokasaMskRti ane lokakalAnA paNa cAhaka hatA. emaNe porabaMdarano sarvagrAhI khyAla Ave evI 'porabaMdara' pustikA 1970mAM lakhI hatI, jenI traNa AvRttio thai che. AmAM emaNe porabaMdaranAM bhUgoLa, itihAsa, purAtattva, sthApatyakalA ane saMskRtinA vividha pAsAMno khyAla rajU kyo che. teo porabaMdaranA itihAsa ane sAMskRtika pravRttionA kendra samAna hatA. emaNe 1953mAM purAtattva saMzodhana maMDaLanI sthApanA karI hatI. je dvArA saurASTranA purAvazeSonI mAhitI ekaThI karI tenA adhyayana-saMzodhananI pravRttino hetu rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. A mATe saurASTranA itihAsa, saMskRti ane purAtattvanA adhyetAono emane sAtha maLyo hato. je dvArA aneka sthAno vizenI khUTatI kaDIo prakAzamAM AvI hatI. jenA upakrame 1974mAM 'purAtana' ane 1980 mAM 'purAtana rajatagraMtha' pragaTa thayelA. emaNe ghUmalI, jeThavAono rAjavaMza, kSatrapakAlanA avazeSo, prAg-caulukya samayanA maMdirono UMDo abhyAsa karI saurASTramAMthI prApta avazeSo ne sacitra lekha svarUpe kumAra, svAdhyAya, pathika vagere sAmayikomAM svataMtra rIte kyAreka saMyukta sahAyaka tarIke pragaTa karAvelAM jemAM prA. ke. kA. zAstrI, zrI madhusUdana DhAMkI, zrI narottama palANa, mohanapurI gosvAmI, DaoN. gaudAnI vagereno sAtha sahakAra maLI rahelo. 1979mAM saMskRti pUjA' nAme pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 151 For Private and Personal Use Only

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laghugraMtha pragaTa karelo. 'pathika' dvArA 1968 thI 1972 daramyAna cAra bhAgamAM bahAra pADavAmAM Avela. "saurASTra" aMkamAM emanuM ghaNuM yogadAna hatuM emanA noMdhapAtra saMzodhanomAM (1) 'ghumalI' (kumAra, julAi, 1972) ane purAtana rajatagraMtha, (porabaMdara, 1980) (2) saurASTranAM guphAgRho' (kumAra, oNkTo. 1979) (3) bhuvanezvaranI be prAphsolaMkI derIo. (svAdhyAya, pu. 10 aMka 3, me, 1973) (4) baraDApradezamAM traNa maMdiro, (svAdhyAya, oNga. 1971) (5) bhAratIya zilpa-sthApatya-devAlayo', (pathika, Dise., 1985) ne gaNAvI zakAya. A uparAMta gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha tarIke 1980 thI 82nA be varSa mATe sevAo ApI hatI. surata mukAme 11mA adhivezanamAM 'mAnava sabhyatA, itihAsa ane ApaNe' viSaya para mananIya vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. vidyArthIpriya, sanniSTha zikSaka, itihAsa ane purAtattvanA abhyAsI zrI maNibhAInuM 91 varSanI vaye pamI oNkTo., 1997nA roja porabaMdara mukAme dehAvasAna thayuM. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 : 152 For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsa-saMskRti ane purAtattvanA nAmAMkita vidvAno Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prA. DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA sva. kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave prAcIna prasiddha nagarI pATaNa tAlukAnA raNuMja gAmanAM moDha brAhmaNa kuTuMbamAM tA. 25-1-1907mAM kanaiyAlAlano janma thayo hato. cha dhoraNa (AjanA 10 dho.) sudhIno zALAkIya abhyAsa. saMskRta parIkSAo uparAMta vaDodarAnI 'smArta yAjJika' padavI tathA zrI zaMkarAcArya (dvArakA) taraphathI 'karma-kAMDavizArada'nI padavI prApta karelI. teo karmaTha vidvAna brAhmaNa hatA. karmakAMDa ane purANonA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. karmakAMDa tathA pratiSThAnAM kArya karAvavA emane aneka sthaLoe javAnuM thatuM te samaye deva pratimAonuM sarvAMgI nirIkSaNa karavAnI taka maLatI. yAjJikInA vyavasAyamAM nivRtti gALo moTo hoya che. teoe teno lAbha lai pratimAvidhAna mATenA saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI ane marAThImAM lakhAyelA prApta graMthonuM adhyayana karyuM. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA videha sahAyaka maMtrI sva. zrI hIrAlAla pArekhanI preraNA maLatAM ''gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna' nAmano graMtha lakhavAnI zarUAta karI. A graMthanI racanA pAchaLa teoe ghaNAM ja paDakAro ane muzkelIo veThIne dasa varSanA sakhata parizrama pachI graMtha lekhananuM kArya pUrNa karyuM. A kArya mATe ane abhyAsavRtti vadhAravA mATe sva. rAmalAla modI, sva. puNyavijayajI mahArAja, sva. maMjulAla majumadAra, prA. ke.kA. zAstrI, DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI ane DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAno moTo phALo hovAnuM emaNe noMdhyuM che. A uparAMta emanI anya kRtiomAM siddhasara sahasraliMgano itihAsa (1935), vaDanagara (1937), sarasvatI purANa (saMpA. anu. 1940), aMbikA, koTezvara ane kuMbhAriyAM (1963) vagere gaNAvI zakAya. A sarvamAM 'gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna' ziramora che. jemAM gujarAtamAM rahelI prAcIna mUrtiomAM vyakta thatAM bhAratIya mUrtividhAnanAM sAmAnya lakSaNonuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. hiMdu, bauddha, jaina mUrtionA je prAcIna namUnAo gujarAtamAM upalabdha che temAM rahelAM bhinna bhinna upAsya svarUponAM zAstrokta lakSaNone AdhAre prApta mUrti-zilponuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. AmAM zilpa graMthomAM nirUpelAM mUrti svarUpo ane upalabdha mUrti zilpo vacce jaNAtA saMbaMdhonuM anusaMdhAna karyuM che. A mATe gujarAtamAM ThekaThekANe maMdiro, tIrthasthAno, myujhiyamo vagere sthaLoe jaLavAyelA vividha zilponI mAhitI meLavavI ane enAM aMga-upAMgonuM avalokana karI enuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa karavAnuM kAma akhUTa dhIraja ane athAga zrama mAgI le che. A graMtha cAra khaMDamAM vaheMcAyelo che. khaMDa 1 : bhAratIya mUrtizAstrane lagatAM keTalAka sAmAnya viSayono paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. jemAM bhAratIya mUrti vidhAnanI kalAzailI, zAstragraMtho, saguNa svarUpanAM pratIko, pratimA vidhAna, paribhASA, tAlamAna, aMgavinyAsa, alaMkAro, Ayudho, upakaraNo, mudrAo Asano vagerenI mAhitI ApI che je mUrtividhAnanAM sAmAnya lakSaNo samajavA ghaNI ja upayogI thAya tema che. khaMDa 2 : hiMdu mUrtio aMgeno sahuthI moTo khaMDa che. jemAM hiMdu deva-devIonA vividha svarUponA mUrtividhAnanuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. gaNapati, viSNu, ziva, saMyukta svarUpo tathA devIomAM navadurgA svarUpamAM aMbA, lakSmI, kAlI, bhadrakAlI, uparAMta saptamAtRkAo, zItalA, kuladevI ane gotra devInI pratimAonuM vigate varNana karela che. sAthe prakIrNa pratimAomAM sUrya, navagraha, dikpAlo vagereno samAveza karela che. khaMDa 3 : jaina mUrtio aMgeno che. jemAM tIrthaMkaro, yakSo, zAsanadevIo ane lAMchanonI mAhitI ApelI che. je jainamUrtionA paricaya mATe pAyA rUpa che. pathika traimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 153 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khaMDa 4 mAM bauddha mUrtionI vigato ApI che. gujarAtamAM navamA-dasamA saikA sudhI bauddha saMpradAya pracalita hato tene lagatI saMkSipta vigato ApI che. pachI dhyAnI buddha, mAnuSI buddho, buddha zaktio, bodhisattvo ane devI tArAnI mUrtionA lakSaNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A graMtha 1963mAM gujarAta vidyAsabhA dvArA prakAzita karavAmAM Avyo hato. gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIonA itihAsa-saMskRti viSayanA ucca abhyAsakramamAM A graMthano samAveza karavAmAM Avyo. A graMthane gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattva khAtA dvArA 1993mAM punaHmudrita karavAmAM Avyo. je tenI lokapriyatA darzAve che. sarasvatI purANane AdhAre emaNe siddhasarasahastraliMgano itihAsa 1935mAM pragaTa karyo. te pachI teo gujarAtanA prAcIna sAhitya, sthApatya, zilpa vagere vividha purAtattvanA paricaya tathA saMzodhana vize aneka gaNanApAtra lekhonuM pradAna karatA rahyA. sarasvatI purANanA saMpAdana tathA anuvAda (1940) dvArA sArasvata maMDalanA purAtattvane prakAzamAM lAvIne emaNe vaDanagara, rudramahAlaya, sarasvatI tIra vagere vize paNa pustaka lakhyAM che. vaDanagara' nAmano graMtha sayAjI bALajJAnamALA : puSpa 149 tarIke 10-9-1937mAM pragaTa thayela. itihAsa purAtattvanA abhyAsamAM sthAnika itihAsanI AvazyaktA ghaNI ja rahe che. itihAsa purAtattvanA abhyAsu - saMzodhakone preraNA ane mArgadarzana pUruM pADe te prakArano A graMtha che. jemAM vaDanagaranA aitihAsika sAdhanothI zarUAta karIne purANo, zilAlekho, lokasAhitya vagerene AdhAre vaDanagaranI sthApanA ane sthAnanI vigato ApI che. sAthe rAjakIya itihAsa, prasiddha puruSo, jovAlAyaka sthaLo uparAMta vartamAna samayanuM vaDanagaranuM Alekhana AdhAro sahita rajU karyuM che. ka bhA. davenuM 1963mAM zrI sayAjI sAhityamALAnA upakrame "aMbikA, koTezvara ane kuMbhAriyA nAme pustaka pragaTa thayuM. jemAM gAyakavADI sattA heThaLanA traNa prasiddha tIrthasthAnonuM mAhAbhya varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. ahIM 'arbada parvata ane abUdakSetranuM aitihAsika avalokana karyA bAda ArAsura ke ArAsaNanagaranI prAcInatA ane sthAna aMge vizada carcA karI che. tyArabAda kuMbhAriyAnA jaina kalAmaya prAsAdono paricaya Apyo che. te pachI bhagavatI aMbAbhavAnI vizenI paurANika ane lokakathAo aMgenI mAhitI ApyA bAda yAtrAdhAma tarIke aMbAjInuM mahattva darzAvyuM che. sAthe rAjakIya pravAho tathA caMDikAzrama mAhAbhya ane nAgatIrtha mAhAtmanA mULa saMskRta pAThanuM gujarAtI bhASAntara ApI A pustakane lokabhogya banAvavAmAM AvyuM che. traNa sthAnonA saMyukta abhyAsamAM pArasparika bhaugolika, paurANika, aitihAsika ane purAtattvIya saMbaMdhonI khUTatI kaDIo joDavAnI UMDI adhyayana-saMzodhana paddhatinA darzana thAya che. jIvananA chellA divasomAM paNa eoe "zrI govardhanadhArI maMdira" zIrSaka heThaLa te maMdiranA sthApatya ane mUrtividhAna vagere mATe graMtha lakhavAnuM zarU kareluM, je adhUruM rahetAM emanI noMdho uparathI emanA putra zrI surezacaMdra davee A kArya pUruM kareluM. saMskRtanA UMDA abhyAsI ane yAjJikI vyavasAyanA karmaTha vidvAna brAhmaNa tathA mUrtividhAnanA kSetre gujarAtane gaurava apAvanAra, purAtattva ane itihAsanA samartha abhyAsI zrI kanaiyAlAla davenuM pATaNa mukAme tA. 15-7-1969nA roja avasAna thayuM. pATaNa gujarAtanuM prAcIna pATanagara che e nagare gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsa-saMzodhana kSetre zrI rAmalAla cunIlAla modI, DaoN. bhogIlAla jayacaMda sAMDesarA, ane zrI kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave jevA purAtattvavido dvArA pradAna karyuM che e noMdhapAtra che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 154 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sva. kezavalAla hiMmatarAya kAmadAra goMDalanA prasiddha kAmadAra kuTuMbamAM eprila, 1891mAM emano janma thayelo. goMDalamAM prAthamika zikSaNa pUruM karI, pUnAnI phargyusana kaeNlejamAMthI sane 1913mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI bI.e. DigrI prathama vargamAM pAsa karI ane e ja kaeNlejamAM phelozipa meLavI bahumAna prApta karyuM. itihAsa, arthazAstra ane rAjyazAstra viSayo laIne ema.e.nI muMbaI yunivarsiTInI parIkSA 1916mAM pAsa karI koleja abhyAsa daramiyAna zrI kAmadArane uttama adhyApakono sahavAsa sAMpaDyo hato. jemAM sarvazrI pro. mahAdeva malhAra jozI, pro. hoDIvALA, AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva, pro. haribhAu liye, pro. vAmana goviMda kALa vagerene gaNAvI zakAya. suratamAM eka varSa zikSaNakArya karIne sane 1919thI vaDodarAne temaNe kAryakSetra batAvyuM. teo e samaye 'uzanasa', 'abhyAsI', gUrjararASTra vagere takhallusothI gujarAta-saurASTranAM agragaNya mAsikomAM itihAsa, sAhitya, rAjakAraNa, sahakAra, arthazAstra vagere viSayo para lekho lakhatA hatA. temano lekha "mAnava jIvananuM aitihAsika dRSTie avalokana' sane 1913mAM "vasanta'mAM pragaTa thayelo, "kaumudI' ane 'prasthAnamAM prasiddha thatI temanI lekhamALA sarasvatIcaMdranuM rAjakAraNa' abhyAsIomAM lokapriya banI hatI. "svAdhyAya" nA be khaMDomAM saMkalita thayelA temanA lekho temanI bahuzruta pratibhAnI jhAMkhI karAve che. gujarAtI ane aMgrejI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA ane prasiddha thayelA temanA lekhonI saMkhyA Azare 300 jeTalI che. bhAratIya itihAsa vize temaNe lakhelAM aMgrejI pustako Aje paNa yunivarsiTIomAM saMdarbhagraMtho tarIke svIkArAya che jemAM 'sarve opha inDiyana hisTarI 17571858', poliTikala enDa eDaminisTreTiva hisTarI opha inDiyA 1757-1920', 'hisTarI opha mughala rUla ina inDiyA' mukhya gaNAvI zakAya. bhAratano itihAsa gujarAtI bhASAmAM sau prathama vyavasthita rIte lakhanAra pro. kAmadAra hatA. gujarAtanI mukhya yunivarsiTIonI itihAsa viSayanI abhyAsamitiomAM sabhyapade rahIne temaNe gujarAtamAM itihAsano abhyAsakrama ghaDavAmAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo che. saurASTra ane jUnA muMbaI rAjyanI aneka sarakArI samitio upara sakriya rahIne temaNe potAnA vicAro nIDaratAthI vyakta karyA che. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNanA kSetramAM temanI noMdhapAtra sevA zALAkIya itihAsanA parAmarza tarIkenI che. temaNe gujarAtI pAThyapustaka samitinA sabhya tarIke prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zALAo mATe taiyAra karAtA itihAsanA pAThyapustakomAM noMdhapAtra sudhArA sUcavyA hatA. pro. kAmadAranuM vidyApa ghaNuM tejasvI hatuM jeno prakAza temanA vargomAM paDato hato. temanA adhyApakIya guNa e hato ke taiyArI karyA vinA teo kadI vargamAM jatA nahIM. potAne je viSaya para bolavAnuM hoya tenI vyavasthita noMdha svAdhyAya karatAM karatAM rAkhatA ane vidyArthIone teno AsvAda karAvatA. bhAratIya itihAsanA koI rAjA-mahArAjAnI ke prasaMganI vAta karatAM karatAM teo tene AnuSaMgika bIjA viSayonI vAta kahIne AjanA saMdarbhamAM tenuM mUlyAMkana karatA. bhAratIya itihAsanI ghaNI kaDIbaddha vigato teone kaMThastha hatI. temanI vizeSatA e hatI ke purAvA ke AdhAra vinAnI vigato teo kadI rajU karatA nahIM. temano A guNa temanI sAthenI vAtacItamAM paNa spaSTa tarI Avato hato. teo spaSTa mAnatA hatA ke itihAsanA abhyAsIe samAjazAstra, arthazAstra, rAjayazAstra ane samakAlIna sAhityano paNa abhyAsa jIvaMta rAkhavo joIe kemake AvA abhyAsa vinA itihAsanuM yogya mUlyAMkana thaI zake nahIM. bhAratanI ane gujarAtanI aneka saMsthAo sAthe teo saMkaLAyelA hatA. gujarAtanI keTalIka jaina saMsthAonI sthApanAmAM temaNe sakriya rasa lIdho hato. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanI sthApanAmAM paNa temano hisso ghaNo moTo hato. gujarAtanA saLaMga itihAsa AlekhananI sau prathama bhUmikA temaNe rajU karI hatI. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha tarIke 1964-65 ane 1965-66 ema varSa temaNe sevAo ApI hatI. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 * 155 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ane pariSadanI pravRttiomAM sakriya rasa lIdho hato. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA, sane 1941mAM bharAyelA aMdherI adhivezanamAM itihAsa vibhAganuM pramukhapada temaNe zobhAvyuM hatuM. inDiyana hisTarI koMgresanuM 17muM adhivezana amadAvAdamAM yojAyuM tyAre prAdezika itihAsanA pramukha tarIke teonI varaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI. muMbaI yunivarsiTIe teone Thakkara mAdhavajI vasanajI vyAkhyAno mATe AmaMtrIne, temanuM bahumAna karyuM hatuM. vaDodarA zahere sane 1968mAM temano amRta mahotsava ujavIne jAhera sanmAna yunivarsiTInA kulapati sva. DolararAya mAMkaDanA pramukha sthAne kareluM. pro. kAmadAra itihAsa vize potAno svataMtra khyAla dharAvatA hatA. teo mAnatA hatA ke itihAsanI rajUAta kathAsvarUpe thavI joie. itihAsakAra bahuzruta kalpanAzIla, bhUtavartamAna-bhaviSya traNeya samayanA pravAha upara dRSTi pheMkI zake evo hovo joie. te samayanI aneka ghaTanAone ADAavaLA vAMkAcUkA, aTavAyelA tAronA tANAvANAonuM mUlyAMkana kare che. teo mAnatA hatA daphataro, zilAlekho, sikkAo, sAlavArIo, rojanIzIo, Adi samRddhio e itihAsanAM hADa-cAmaDI-majjA-mAMsa che. A badhAne eka tAMtaNe parovavA mATe itihAsakAra pAse potAnI alAyadI zailI hovI joIe, kalpanA hovI joie. itihAsanuM sAhitya sarjanAtmaka Creative hovuM joIe ema teo spaSTapaNe mAnatA hatA. itihAsanI kathA temane mana rAjaramatanI kathA che. samAjanAM paribaLo rAjaramatanAM samAI jatAM hovAthI e paribaLo dvArA nIpajatI rAjaramato e ja itihAsaghaTanA che. svAtaMtryottara bhAratano itihAsa Adhunika saMzodhanone AdhAre bhAratIya daSTie saLaMgasUtrAtmaka rIte navesarathI lakhAvo joIe ema teo mAnatA hatA. A rIte prAdezika itihAsa paNa-khAsa karIne gujarAtano itihAsa paNa navesarathI lakhAvo joie. e mATe teoe vakhatovakhata yojanAo sarakAra temaja yunivarsiTIo samakSa rajU karI hatI. temaNe sUcavelA bhAratIya ane gujarAtanA itihAsanuM navesarathI mUlyAMkana ane Alekhana karIne ja ApaNe teone sAcI zraddhAMjali ApI zakIe. gujarAtamAM lagabhaga ardhasadI sudhI itihAsa ane itihAsavidyAnI pratiSThA karanAra pro. kAmadAranuM 86 varSanI vaye 25, nave., 1976nA roja vaDodarA mukAme thayuM hatuM. sva. prA. DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA emano janma uttara gujarAtanA saMDera tA. pATaNamAM tA. 5-4-1915 mAM thayo hato. leuA pATIdAra kuTuMbamAM janmajAta saMzodhaka A bAla vidvAne taddana nAnI vayathI munizrI caturavijayajI ane emanA ziSya zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja pAse saMskRta ane prAkRtano abhyAsa karatAM karatAM saMzodhanakSetre lekho temaja graMthonuM prakAzana zarU karyuM hatuM. A sAthe maeNTrikyulezana abhyAsa pATaNamAM ane kaeNlejamAM tathA anusnAtaka ane pIeca.DI. sudhIno abhyAsa amadAvAdamAM karyo hato. 1935 thI 1937 "prajAbaMdhu' (sAptAhika)nA taMtrI vibhAgamAM emaNe 'gujarAta samAcAra'nA taMtrI-lekho lakhyA hatA. saMzodhanakSetre to ThIka, vartamAnapatrakAratvane kSetre paNa siddhi meLavI. ema.e. thatAMnI sAthe bho.je. vidyAbhavananA anusnAtaka vibhAgamAM 1943mAM adhyApaka thayA ane tyAM ja adhyApanakArya sAthe pIeca.DI. thavAnI siddhi meLavI hatI. 1951mAM vaDodarA yuni.mAM gujarAtInA adhyApaka tarIke nimAyA, sane 1958mAM to prAcyavidyAmaMdiranA niyAmakanI paNa sevA svIkArI, ane svAdhyAya tathA jarnala oNpha orienTala insTiTyUTanA saMpAdaka tarIkenI javAbadArI paNa svIkArI. uparAMta saMskRta temaja madhyakAlIna gujarAtInA mahattvanA graMtho prakAzita karatA rahyA. emane amadAvAdanI gujarAta sAhityasabhA taraphathI suprasiddha "raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka' (1952) tathA narmadasAhitya sabhA surata taraphathI 'narmada suvarNacaMdraka' pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 156 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1964) paNa maLyo hato. 1987-89 be varSa mATe emaNe gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukhanI javAbadArI adA karI. DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnA tapomaya ane tejomaya saMzodhanano paripAka eTale 'itihAsanI keDI' ane saMzodhananI keDI'A saMzodhana lekhomAM temano saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhitya, temaja itihAsano UMDo abhyAsa pratibiMbita thAya che. A banne saMgrahonA temanA vividha viSayo paranA lekho temanI bahuzruta phaladAyI vidvattAno paraco karAve che. itihAsa ane purAtattva viSayaka lekhono temano prathama saMgraha 'itihAsanI keDI' che. A saMgrahamAM 14 lekho che, jemAM pATaNa, pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAro, hemacaMdrAcAryanuM zikhyamaMDaLa, gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka, prabandha cintAmaNi, devamaMdiromAM bhogAsananAM zilpa, kAmadevanI mUcha, gujarAtanAM sthaLanAmo, prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM 'gujarAta'nA ullekho, ApaNuM lokavArtA viSayaka prAcIna sAhitya, narasiMha pUrvenuM gujarAtI sAhitya, AyurvedanuM saMzodhana, prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna, ane kutrikApaNa arthAt prAcIna bhAratanA janarala sTorsa-no samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. pATaNanI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika caDatI paDatInI vigato A pustakanA prathama lekhamAM ApelI che. teo kahe che : saMskRta vidyAnuM kendrasthAna pATaNa hatuM ane gujarAtanuM zreSTha saMskRta sAhitya pATaNamAM ja lakhAyeluM che. pATaNanA samRddha jaina graMthabhaMDArInI vigato emaNe pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAro' lekhamAM ApI che. pATaNanA A graMthabhaMDAromAM dhArmika graMtho uparAMta vyAkaraNazAstra, kAvyazAstra, alaMkArazAstra, saMgItazAstra, nRtyazAstra, jyotiSazAstra, vaidakazAstra ityAdinuM varNana karIne teoe jaNAvyuM che ke apabhraMza ane prAcIna gujarAtInuM je vizALa sAhitya e bhaMDAromAM paDyuM che te gujarAtanA seMkaDo vidvAnone sadIo sudhI saMzodhana mATeno khorAka pUro pADI zake ema che. kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa' lekhamAM rAmacaMdra, guNacaMdra mahendrasUri, vardhamAnagaNi, devacandra, udayacandra, ityAdino paricaya karAvyo che. gujarAtamAM racAyelAM saMskRta nATako aMgenI mAhitIpUrNa vigato "gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATaka' lekhamAM nATakonA sAMskRtika pariprekSyamAM ApelI che. noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke saltanatakAlamAM paNa gujarAtamAM saMskRta nATako lakhAtAM hatAM ane bhajavAtAM hatAM, jemAM "gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa' dharmavijaya' 'pAkhaMDakhaMDana' ane 'gopAlakelicandrikA' ullekhapAtra che. zrImeratuMgAcArya viracita prabandhaciMtAmaNi prabaMdhanI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika vigato emaNe 'prabandhaciMtAmaNi' lekhamAM ApelI che. hiMdumaMdiromAM kaMDArAyelAM kAmazilponI rasika vigato emaNe 'devamandiromAM bhogAsanonAM zilpa' lekhamAM ApI che. zarIra dhAraNa na karanAra anaMga eTale kAmadevane mUcha hoya ke nahIM ? e viSayanI carcA emaNe "kAmadevanI mUcha lekhamAM karI che. gujarAtanAM zahero ane gAmonI vyutpatti, vizeSa karIne e nAmonAM padAntonI vyatpattinI mAhitIsabhara vigato "gujarAtanAM sthaLanAmo' lekhamAM ApelI che. A pustakanA eka lekhamAM temaNe prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM gujarAta'nA ullekhonI vigato ApelI che. lekhanA aMtabhAgamAM temaNe anumAna tAravyuM che ke "gujarAta' e nAma vikramanA agiyAramA zatakamAM mULarAja solaMkInA rAjayakALa daramiyAna pracAramAM AvyuM hovuM joIe. lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhityano tulanAtmaka abhyAsa temaNe "ApaNuM lokavArtAviSayaka prAcIna sAhitya'mAM rajU karyo che. e pachInA lekhamAM temaNe narasiMha pUrvenA gujarAtI sAhityanI vigato carcelI che. bhAratIya vaidakapaddhatinI vigato emaNe 'Ayurveda saMzodhana lekhamAM ApelI che. lekhanA aMte AyurvedanA punaruddhAra ane puna:pratiSThA mATe keTalAMka noMdhapAtra sUcano karyA che je ghaNAM upayogI che. prAcIna bhAratamAM vimAna" lekhamAM temaNe rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANo, jAtakakathAonA ullekhonA AdhAre vAyuyAnanI rasika vigato ApelI che. A pustakano chello lekha "trAmA' eTale ke prAcIna bhAratanA janarala sTArsa' aMgeno che. rAjagRhamAM pathika * saimAsika - julAI-ogasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 157 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjA zreNikanA rAjyamAM kutrikAmaNa hatA. e pramANe mahAparAkramI rAjavI caMDapradyotanA rAjya amala daramiyAna ujjayinImAM nava katrikAmaNa hatA. katrikAmaNanI sAthe saMkaLAyelI lokavArtAonI vigato paNa temaNe A lekhamAM ApelI che. saMzodhananA lekhono temano bIjo saMgraha saMzodhananI keDI' itihAsa, saMskRti ane sAhityanA abhyAsIomAM Adara pAmyo che. A saMgraha temaNe mArA vidyAguru pro. rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkhane arpaNa karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke saMzodhananI keDIe viharatAM jemanuM nehabharyuM mArgadarzana maLyuM. A saMgrahamAM kula 20 lekho che jemAM "saMzodhananA keTalAka prazno' 'gujarAtamAM purAtattva saMzodhana' 'prAkRta ane jaina adhyayananI paddhati yunivarsiTIomAM saMzodhana 'gujarAtanA sAhitya ane anuzrutimAM sIlona prAcIna sAhityamAM corazAstra 'prAcIna bhAratamAM vaMdayuddha' "cazmAnAM itihAsane lagatA agatyanA sAhityika ullekho "madhyakAlIna jarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti' - ityAdi noMdhapAtra che. 'itihAsa ane sAhitya viSayaka trIjo lekhasaMgraha pro. anaMtarAya rAvaLane arpaNa parovavA saMgrahamAM kula 19 lekho che. jemAM surata mukAme 13 Dise., 1964nA roja narmadacaMdrakanA svIkAra prasaMga Apela vaktavya "solaMkIyuganI zrI ane saMskRti', vaDodarA khAte gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA bIjA adhivezananA pramukhapadethI tA. 22-3-1964nA roja apAyeluM vyAkhyAna 'itihAsa ane sAhityanA tANAvANA', mAM be khAte 1960mAM maLela prAcyavidyAvidonI AMtararASTrIya pariSadanA 15mA adhivezanamAM rajU karela aMgre , nibaMdhano gujarAtI anuvAda saMghadAsagaNikRta vasudeva-hiMDImAM sAMskRtika ItihAsanI sAmagrI tathA siddharAja jayasiMha ane kumArapAlano prajJAcakSu, rAjakavi zrIpAla,' 'zrI paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA maMdira vizenA keTalAka aitihAsika ullekho', "nAmazeSa prAcIna nagarI caMdrAvatI', 'khaMbhAtanA graMthabhaMDAro', "madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA yazasvI sthapatio', 'prAcIna bhAratanAM prajAtaMtro" vagere lekho agatyanA gaNI zakAya. zrI raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdra ravIkAratI vakhate DaoN. sAMDesarAe je vyAkhyAna ApeluM te A saMgrahano prathama lekha "saMzodhananA keTalAka prazno aMgeno che. zarUAtamAM "saMzodhana" zabdArtha samajAvIne tenI vibhAvanA temaNe spaSTa karI che ane jUnI gujarAtI bhASA sAhitya, saMzodhana ane saMpAdana aMgenA agatyanA muddAonI chaNAvaTa karI che. bIjo lekha "gujarAtamAM purAtattva saMzodhana' aMgeno che je sAhitya pariSadanA 19mA saMmelanamAM aMgeno che je sAhitya pariSadanA 19mA saMmelanamAM naDiyAda mukAme purAtattva saMzodhana vibhAganA pramukha tarIke ApeluM vyAkhyAna che. vikhyAta itihAsakAra zrI jadunAtha sarakAranuM vidhAna 'bhAratanA sarva prAntomAM aitihAsika sAdhanonI saMkhyA ane vaividhya bAbatamAM gujarAta sauthI vadhu samRddha che' TAMkIne emaNe gujarAtamAM prAgaitihAsika ane aitihAsika saMzodhananI vigato ApIne bhAvi saMzodhana aMge noMdhapAtra dizAsUcana karela che. uparanAM pustakonA aMte Apela zabdasUci temanI guNavattAmAM vadhAro kare che. ane lekhakanI jhINavaTabharI saMzodhanavRttino paNa khyAla Ape che. DaoN. sAMDesarAnAM saMzodhana lekhonAM traNa pustako uparAMta 'vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA lekho "anveSaNA" "anusmRti' 'yajJazeSa vagere pustakomAM graMthastha thayA che. temanA badhA saMzodhanalekhomAM temanI jijJAsAvRtti ane abhyAsavRtti pragaTa thAya che. temanA saMzodhanalekhothI gujarAtanAM itihAsa, saMskRti ane sAhitya samRddha thayela che. | gujarAtanA suprasiddha vivecaka, prAcIna graMthonA saMpAdaka, itihAsa-saMskRti ane purAtattvanA marmajJa evA DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnuM tA. 18-2-1995nA roja nyujarsI-amerikA khAte avasAna thatAM eka moTA gajAnA vidvAnanI gujarAtane khoTa paDI che. pathika * saimAsika - julAI-oNgasTa-sapTembara, 2003 0 158 For Private and Personal Use Only

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[ A Drain : Dholavira (courtesy : ASI) I For Private and Personal Use Only