Kshatrapkalin Gujarat Itihas ane Sanskruti

Author(s): Rasesh Jamindar
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005551/1

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8LLY 31 (EJA : 92 bhazApakAlIna gujarAta ! itihAsa ane saMskRti L. D. Series : 144 prakAzaka jitendra bI. zAha lekhaka raseza jamInadAra 'lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidhAmaMdira amadAvAda Tii Jelin Education international For Personal & Private Use Only

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KSATRAPAKALINA GUJARATA : ITIHASA ANE SANSKRTI (History and Culture of Gujarat During Western Kshatrapas) L. D. Series : 144 General Editor Jitendra B. Shah Author Rasesh Jamindar AIbhArI DhalapatamA tividhImA L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD-9 1167777 EUR Tag 219 For Personal & Private Use Only

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L. D. Series: 144 KSATRAPAKALINA GUJARATA : ITIHASA ANE SANSKRTI Rasesh Jamindar Published by Jitendra B. Shah Director L. D. Institute of Indology Ahmedabad (c) L. D. Institute of Indology First Edition : 2006 ISBN 81 - 85857-26-1 Copies : 500 Price : Rs. 500/ For Personal & Private Use Only

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prajvAlito jJAnamayaH pradIpaH kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta : itihAsa ane saMskRti raseza jamInadAra bhAratIya halapatabhA saskRti vidhAmA ahamadA vAta lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira amadAvAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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lA. da. zreNI : 144 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta : ItihAsa ane saMskRti raseza jamInadAra prakAzaka jitendra bI. zAha | niyAmaka lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira amadAvAda (c) lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira prathama prakAzana vi. saM. 206 2 prata : 500 ISBN 81-85857-26-1 kiMmata : rU. 500/ For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya "kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta : itihAsa ane saMskRti' graMtha prakAzita karatA ane AnaMda anubhavIe chIe. A graMthamAM gujarAtanA pUrvakAlanA zAsaka kSatrapono itihAsa AlekhavAmAM Avyo che. gujarAtanA dIrghakAlIna itihAsa yugamAM kSatrapakALa, maitrakakALa ane solaMkIkALa jevA traNa lAMbA itihAsakALa noMdhanIya che. temAMya kSatraponuM zAsana to cAra zatakanA dIrghakALa sudhI patharAyeluM che. tethI gujarAtanA sAMskRtika vikAsanAM adhyayanamAM kSatraponA zAsanakALanuM adhyayana atyAvazyaka che. A viSaya paratve pUrve bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI Adi vidvAnoe kArya karyuM hatuM. paNa te kArya sImita sAdhanonA AdhAre thayuM hatuM. tyArapachInA cAra dAyakAmAM aneka navI sAdhana-sAmagrI prApta thaI che. teno upayoga karI navesarathI adhyayana thAya te Avazyaka hatuM. A AvazyakatAne dhyAnamAM laI prApta aneka navI sAmagrIno upayoga karI gahana ciMtana-manana karI DaoN. jamInadAre prastuta graMtha taiyAra karyo che. graMthamAM kSatrapono samayanirNaya, kSatrapakAlIna bhAratIya samAja, kSatrapono rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa jevA viSayonuM sodAharaNa pramANabhUta varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A graMthanA AlekhanamAM purAvastukIya utpanana, mahattvanA zilAlekho, sthApatya, sikkA Adi aneka sAmagrI evI che jeno A graMthamAM sarvaprathama upayoga thavA pAmyo che ane tene AdhAre graMtha taiyAra thayo hovAthI pramANabhUta banyo che. graMthanA lekhaka zrI rameza jamInadAra jANItA itihAsavid che. temaNe A graMtha taiyAra karavA cAra dAyakA jeTalA dIrghakALa sudhI satata adhyayana-saMzodhana karyuM che. tethI ja temanA dvArA pUrve prakAzita thayela kSatrapakALanuM gujarAta ahIM navasarjana pAmyuM che. pUrve prakAzita thayela graMtha karatAM A graMthamAM aneka navAM aitihAsika tathyono upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. tethI graMtha mUlyavAna banyo che. graMthanuM prakAzana saMsthA dvArA thAya te mATe saMmati ApavA badala lekhaka mahodayano saMsthA vatI atyaMta AbhAra vyakta karuM chuM. A graMtha gujarAtanA itihAsa premIo ane jijJAsuo mATe to upayogI che ja. paraMtu bhAratIya itihAsanA jijJAsuo mATe paNa eTalo ja upayogI siddha thaze tevI amane zraddhA che. 2006 , amadAvAda jitendra bI. zAha For Personal & Private Use Only

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ammadIyam itihAsa e jJAnanuM vijJAna che. jJAna e mAnavIe atItamAM aMke thayelo anubhava che. tethI bhUtakALamAM ghaTelI ghaTanA e jJaya che. e ghaTanAne jANavAnI icchA dharAvanAra jijJAsu te jJAtA che. AthI, vyakti je vicAro abhivyakta kare che temAM jJAna nihita che. Ama, itihAsanAM adhyayana eTale jJAnanI sAdhanA. AvI sAdhanA sAmAnyataH ane vizeSataH sthaLa ane kALanA saMdarbhamAM zakya bane che. ApaNe A graMthamAM AvA ja eka sthaLa (gujarAta) ane kALa (IsvInI prathama cAra sadI)nA saMdarbhe itihAsa ane saMskRtinAM sarvagrAhI pAsAMonAM aveSita arthaghaTana prastuta karavAnuM munAsiba gayuM che. tyAranA pazcima bhAratanA ghaNAbadhA pradezonAM ane vartamAne khAsa karIne gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA ghaDataramAM pazcimI kSatrapothI oLakhAtA zaka jAtinA videzI zAsakoe saMpUrNa bhAratIya parivezamAM UjAgara thaIne je yogadAna prastuta karyuM hatuM te miSe AchuM ane ochuM Alekhana thayuM hoI, ane teya mukhyatve to AMgla bhASAmAM; te bAbatane dhyAnArDa gaNIne 1961mAM jayAre vidyAvAcaspatinI padavyarthe viSaya-pasaMdagI anveSaNanibaMdha kAje nirNita karavAnI thaI tyAre guruvarya prAdhyApaka hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrInA sUcanathI gujarAtamAM zAsanastha rahelA kSatrapo vize zodhasaMdhAna karavAnuM ucita gaNeluM. 1966mAM zodhanibaMdha gujarAta yunivarsiTIne, mAtRsaMsthA zeTha zrI bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana saMsthA mAraphate, suparata karelo ane jenuM pariNAma 1967mAM prApta thayeluM. svabhAva mujaba te pachI A bAbate huM ciMtana ane manana karato rahyo hato ane tatsaMbaMdhita ghaNA koyaDA vize zodhakArya thatAM rahetAM hatAM. 1972mAM rASTrakakSAe 'inDiyana kAunsila oNva hisTorikala risarca'nI sthApanA thatAM ane eNe prathama tabakke svIkArela nava zodhanibaMdhane prakAzanaanudAna ApavAno nirNaya jAhera karyo tyAre mArA zodhanibaMdhano temAM samAveza thayelo. gUjarAta vidyApIThe A anudAnanA saMdarbhe 1975mAM "kSatrapakAlanuM gujarAta' graMtha prakAzita karelo tyAre te prakAzana mahAnibaMdhanuM kevaLa yathAtatha mudrikaraNa na hatuM paNa navesarathI AlekhAyelo zodhita AkAra hato. rajUAta, abhigama, adhyAya-vibhAjana, arthaghaTana ema badhI rIte temAM ghaNAM abhinava pAsAM prastuta thayAM hatAM. traNa dAyakA daramyAna A viSaya paratve zodhasAmagrI samaye samaye hAthavagI thatI rahI; tema meM prasthApita karelA ane svIkArelA prasthApita siddhAntamAM punarvicAraNA jarUrI jaNAI. pariNAme mArAM lakhANamAM ghaNAbadhA sudhArA-vadhArAno avakAza jaNAyo ane ghaNA koyaDAne abhivyakti ApyA vinA A vizALa vistAranA (uttare puSkaratIrthathI dakSiNamAM nAsikatIrtha paryata ane pUrvamAM ujjayinItIrthathI pazcimamAM nArAyaNa sarovaratIrtha sudhInA) sAMskRtika ghaDatarano ane rASTrIya vikAsamAM yogadAnano vicAra karavo azakya nahIM to dUrastha banI rahe. zaka jAtinA pazcimI kSatrapothI oLakhAtA A gurjara zAsakoe A mahAbhUbhAganAM saMskAra, saMskRti, itihAsa, For Personal & Private Use Only

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kalA sthApatya, sikkAvijJAna, sAhitya, dharma-zikSaNanA vikAsamAM vajalepI asara choDI che ane tethI te vize navaserathI nirUpaNanI atyAvazyakatA manamAM jhaMkRta thayA karatI hatI. tevA samaye mArA sanmitra madhusUdana DhAMkInI preraNAthI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranA adhyakSa DaoN. jitendra zAhe mArA graMthane navA rUparaMge prakAzita karavAnI icchA pradarzita karI ane tenAM pariNAma te A graMtha. trIsa varSanA dIrghakAla daramyAna mArA manokAzamAM je jJAnajhabakArA thatA rahetA hatA te badhAne chellAmAM chellI upalabdha ane jJAta sAmagrInA saMdarbhe adyatana ane abhinava AkArathI maDhavAno eka namra prayAsa karyo che. hA, mULagraMthanI A bIjI AvRtti nathI ja nathI. badhI rIte,-abhigama, rajUAta, prakaraNavibhAjana, arthaghaTana vagere-A graMtha navesarathI nirUpAyelo A viSaya vAstuno abhinava graMtha che. | gujarAtano itihAsayuga dIrghakAlIna che; emAMya eno pUrvakAla vistRta samayapaTa upara patharAyelo che. ane temAM kSatrapakAla(IsvI ra3thI 415), maitrakakAla (IsvI 470thI 788) ane solaMkIkAla (942thI 1304) jevA traNa lAMbA ujjavaLakAla dhyAnArya che. A traNeyamAM kSetrapAle sahuthI vadhu samaya aMke karyo che. mAtra gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtimAM ja nahIM paraMtu bhAratanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA pUrvakAlamAMya kSatraponuM zAsana eka mAtra dIrghakAlIna zAsananuM sanmAna dharAve che. Ama to gujarAtanA itihAsano pUrvakAla isvIpUrve 300thI AraMbhI isvIsana 1300 sudhInA soLa zatakano vistAra dharAve che. temAM cAra zataka sudhI zAsana karavAno yaza mAtra kSatrapa zAsakone phALe jAya che e bAbata dhyAnArha rahevI joIe. A daSTie ApaNA A graMthanuM sthAna mUlya mahattva dhAraNa kare che, ane tethI A graMthanuM Alekhana paNa dhyAnayogya gaNI zakAya. bhaugolika lAkSaNikatAo ane mAnavasaMskRtinI vizeSatAone kAraNe gujarAtano pUrvakAlIna itihAsa bhAratanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsanI laghuAvRtti samAna che. A graMthane pUrvasUrionAM yogadAnano sAro lAbha saMprApta thayo che. kSatraponA rAjakIya itihAsanuM zraddheya nirUpaNa paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe ApaNane saMpaDAvI ApyuM che, to sikkAonI samIkSA aMgreja vidvAna eDavarDa jemsa repsane prastuta karI che ane lalitakalAnAM Alekhana vize basanuM pradAna hAthavaguM che. A pachI kSatrapo vize AvAM adhikRta nirUpaNa vigate thayAM nathI tema ja te pachInA eka saikA daramyAna A viSayane upayogI ghaNI sAdhanasAmagrI hAthavagI thatI rahI che. uparyukta traNa bAbatone bAda karatAM A aMgenA anya muddAo AvRta rahelA, jene anAvRta karavAnI tAtI jarUra hatI. AthI, A graMthalekhake chellA sADA cAra dAyakA daramyAna A vize je manana-ciMtana-mathAmaNa-arthaghaTana karyA tenA pariNAma prastuta graMthamAM che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke pUrvAcAryonAM anveSitakAryonI sakSama pIThikA upara A graMthanI imArata nirmANa pAmI che. itihAsAlekhanamAM varNanapradhAna zailIne sthAne ciMtanapradhAna nirUpaNa ane arthaghaTita Alekhana upara vadhAre jhoka hovo jarUrI che te bAbatane A graMthanI rajUAtamAM jAgatika rIte dhyAnamAM lIdhI che. vizeSa to mUlagata sAdhanono viniyoga karIne kSatrapa samayanA gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanAM sarvAgI nirUpaNathI A graMthanuM kAThuM mUThI UMceruM banI zakyuM che tevI namrabhAve bhAvAbhivyakti karavAnI rajA lauM chuM. hA, A graMtha aMtima zodhakArya che evuM khasUsa kahI zakAya nahIM, samayAMtare emAM sudhArA For Personal & Private Use Only

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vadhArAne avakAza che. itihAsanI kSitijo, ApaNe abhijJa chIe tema, sadAya ane satata vistaratI rahe che ane parivartita thatI rahe che. enI gatividhio samaya ane sthaLa paratve vyApaka banatI rahe che. mukhyatve to samaye samaye saMprApta thatAM rahetAM sAdhanothI itihAsanA punarlekhana samayAMtare thatAM rahevAM joIe. itihAsavidyAmAM jema jema kheDANa sUkSma thatuM jAya tema tema tenA graMthamAM tenAM pratibiMba patharAtAM rahetAM hovAM joIe. A pariprekSyamAM mArA A graMthane avalokavA namra araja che. A graMthamAM kula pAMca vibhAga che ane kula bAvIsa prakaraNa tema bAra pariziSTa Ameja che. zaka prajAnAM bhAratamAM AgamananI prakriyA ane ApaNA dezamAM emanI prAraMbhika rAjakIya kArakIrdi prathama vakhata ahIM vigate prastuta karyA che. kaNiSkano samaya Ama to bIjAMkura nyAyanI jema pRthakRta thato rahyo che. pazcimI kSatraponA sAthe eno samayanirNaya nirNita karavo jarUrI hoI enI carcA ahIM prathamavAra rajU karI che. dakSiNanA sAtavAhana zAsako sAthe pazcimI kSatrapone rAjakIya duzmanAvaTa ane sAmAjika samanvita saMbaMdho paratvenA yakSaprazna carcaya rahyA che. ahIM te vize pahelaprathama vakhata sAdhakabAdhaka nirUpaNa sodAharaNa abhivyakta thayuM che. kSatraponA saMdarbhe thayelAM purAtattvIya utpananono samAveza paNa abhinava rajUAta pAmyo che. kSatraponA mahattvanA zilAlekhonI jarUrI carcA ahIM khAsa rajUAta pAmI che ane temAMnA ghaNAnA mULa pATha pahelI vakhata prastuta karyA che. rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika pariprekSyamAM gujarAtanA kSatraponA pradAnane vigate vyakta karyo che. somanAthanuM maMdira pahelaprathama kSatraponA samaye nirmANa pAmyuM hovAnI sasaMdarbha carcA prastuta karI che. keTalAMka prakIrNa sthApatyakIya avazeSo ahIM prathamavAra rajUAta pAmyA che. hunnarakalAnAM pariNAmone pariziSTarUpe khAsa abhivyakta karyA che. sikkAo kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtano itihAsa ane saMskRtine AlekhavAnAM buniyAdI sAdhana hoI kAlAnukrame kSatrapa sikkAonI sUcino samAveza pahelIvAra thayo che. tema ja te sikkAo uparanAM lakhANa saMskRta ane brAhmI lipimAM ahIM pahelaprathama rajU thayAM che. hamaNAM prastuta karelAM mukhya mukhya yogadAnanI mAhitIthI, kaho ke abhigamI abhiprAyothI evuM abhipreta saMbhavataH thaI zake ke prastuta graMtha agAunA A vizenA mArA pUrvAcAryonA ane mArAya dhruvapadIya pradAnathI abhinava cIlo cAtare che evuM anubhavAya. paraMtu mAre spaSTa karavuM rahyuM ke AthI mAre koI navo siddhAMta prasthApavAnI apekSA nathI. hakIkatamAM vartamAne hAthavagAM thayelAM navya sAdhano ane agAunI vidyamAna sAmagrInuM abhinava mUlyAMkana ahIM prastuta che to sAthosAtha upalabdha purAvAo paratve navAM arthaghaTana ane punaHarthaghaTana hetumUlaka pariprekSyamAM prastuta karyA hoI AvuM anubhavavAno saMbhava nakArI zakAya nahIM. AzA rAkhIe chIe ke jijJAsuone ane pUrvagrahAtIta sujJa vAcakone A graMthamAM ghaNA abhinava saMvAda-vivAda hAthavagA thaze ane prastuta thayelI aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika imArata rasaprada ane vAcanakSama nIvaDaze to puruSArtha phaLaze evI umIda che. dhavaMtari trayodazI 2011 raseza jamInadAra bI/10, vasu epArTamenTsa, nAraNapurA, amadAvAda-380013 For Personal & Private Use Only

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RNasvIkAra A graMtha ApanA karakamaLamAM jyAre ame mUkIe chIe tyAre ame amArA evA pUrvasUrione amArI zraddhAMjali ane smaraNAMjali bhAvapUrvaka samarpita karIe chIe ke jemanAM lakhANoe ane yogadAne amane ghaNAM preraNA ane sahAya aMke karavAmAM parokSa rIte madada karI che. AvA pUrvAcAryo che : paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, eDavarDa jemsa repsana, jemsa barjesa, rAmakRSNa gopAlakRSNa bhAMDArakara, dattAtreya rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI, dinezacaMdra sarakAra, sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, satyazrAva vagere. jemaNe pratyakSa rIte sahAya pUrI pADI che tevA paNa have vidyamAna nathI evA preraNAdAyI guruo pratye paNa AdarabharI zraddhAMjali pAThavIe chIe : paMDita sukhalAlajI, AcArya puNyavijayajI, AcArya jinavajiyajI, hasamukha dhIrajalAla sAMkaLiyA paramezvarIlAla gupta, rAmalAla parIkha, sadAzaMkara zukla, ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA, manubhAI bhaTTa, umAkAnta zAha ityAdi. A graMthanAM nirUpaNa ane Alekhana vAte jeoe pratyakSa rIte anekavidha sahAya amane karI che te sahu sanmitro pratye AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta nA karuM to naguNo ja kahevAune vidyAvAcaspatinA zodhakAryamAM atheti mArgadarzana ApanAra guruvarya murabbI hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI; zodhakAryanA pratyeka tabakke sakriya madada karanAra sarvazrI choTubhAI atri, mukuMda rAvala, jayendra nANAvaTI(have saMgata), sUryakAnta caudharI; A graMthane A svarUpe prakAzita karavAnI preraNA ApanAra sanmitra madhusUdana DhAMkI, graMthane jhaDapathI prakAzamAna banAvanAra priya mitra jitendra zAha, graMthone sulabha karI ApanAra ane vAranavAra sUcana karanAra gurubhaginI bhAratIbahena zelata, evA ja bIjA gurubaMdhu mitra pravINabhAI parIkha, bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavananA graMthAlayanA sahu sevako, bhUja saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita kSatrapa zilAlekhonA phoTogrAphasa saMpaDAvI ApanAra nareza aMtANI, devanI morInA phoTAo TUMkA samayamAM upalabdha karAvI ApanAra ma. sa. yunivarsiTInA purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA vartamAna adhyakSa kuladIpa bhANa, kSatrapa sikkAnA mahattvanA phoTogrAphasa saMpaDAvI ApanAra sikkAvida mitra DaoN. dilIpa rAjagora, A graMthane navaserathI prakAzita karavAnI paravAnagI ApavA kAje gUjarAta vidyApIThanA kulanAyaka aruNabhAI dave, kulasaciva rAjendra khimANI, vikAsAdhikArI piyuSabhAI zAha ane jarUrI graMthasahAya pUrI pADanAra itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAganAM mArAM pUrvasAthI DaoN. biMduvAsinI jozI, tathA A graMthane sughaDa rIte prakAzanakSama banAvavAmAM sakriya evA zAradAbahena cimanalAla zodha saMsthAnanA sahu mitro, A sahuno aMtarathI AbhAra mAnuM chuM. jemaNe akhaMDa sakriya, sahakAra ane sahAya ApyAM che tema ja samayanI suvidhA karI ApI che te mArAM jIvanasakhI a. sau. mInA jamInadArano ane amArA parivArano hRdayatAthI AbhAra mAnuM chuM. bI10, vasu epArTamenTsa raseza jamInadAra zrIjI pelesa sAme, nAraNapurA, amadAvAda-380013 For Personal & Private Use Only

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anukrama Amukha amadIyam 3. RNasvIkAra DaoN. jitendra zAha DaoN. raseza jamInadAra DaoN. raseza jamInadAra vibhAga eka prAvezika ane jJApako prakaraNa eka : viSaya-praveza prakaraNa be : sAdhana-sAmagrI, pariziSTa eka : kSatrapa samayanA abhilekha pariziSTa che : kAlAnukrame kSatrapa sikkAonI sUci pariziSTa traNa : sikkAnidhi ane aprApya varSa prakaraNa traNa : zaka prajA : bhAratamAM AgamananI bhUmikA prakaraNa cAra .: zaka prajA : bhAratamAM prAraMbhika kArakirdI 1thI 70 3-5 6-11 12-16 17-39 40-45 46-54 papa-7) vibhAga be rAjakIya itihAsa prakaraNa pAMca : pazcimI kSatrapo : rAjavaMzo ane samayanirNaya pariziSTa cAra : kathika : rAjAo ane saMvata : kSaharAtavaMza : AraMbha, abhyadaya ane aMta prakaraNa sAta : cAkhanavaMza : abhyadaya ane aMta prakaraNa ATha : anya pazcimI kSatrapakuLa pariziSTa pAMca : cANana : zaka saMvatano pravartaka pariziSTa che : jUnAgaDhanA zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa zAtakarNi pariziSTa sAta : girinagaranA zailalekhonuM sAMskRtika mahattva pariziSTa ATha : AbhIra Izvaradattano samayanirNaya 71thI 168 73-88 89-98 99-172 133-134 135-145 146-153 154-1pa6 157-163 164-168 vibhAga traNa kSatrapa rAjaya : saMbadha, vistAra ane vahIvaTa prakaraNa nava : kaNiSkano samayanirNaya prakaraNa daza : pazcima bhAratanA be pramukha rAjavaMza : keTalAka yakSaprazna prakaraNa agiyAra : vistAra ane vahIvaTa 169thI 200 171-179 180-188 189-2OO. For Personal & Private Use Only

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purAvazeSo ane abhilekho : vizleSaNa prakaraNa bAra : prakaraNa tera pariziSTa nava prakaraNa cauda pariziSTa daza sAMskRtika itihAsa prakaraNa paMdara prakaraNa soLa prakaraNa sattara prakaraNa aDhAre prakaraNa ogaNIsa pariziSTa agiyAra : : : sikkA uparanAM lakhANa : brAhmImAM ane devanAgarImAM keTalAka abhilekhonuM vizleSaNa keTalAka abhilekhonA pATha : : : : prakaraNa vIsa pariziSTa bAra prakaraNa ekavIsa prakaraNa bAvIsa saMkSepasUci graMtha-saMdarbhasUci vizeSa-nAma-sUci nakazA-Alekha-citra-sUci : : : 12 vibhAga cAra mahattvanA purAvazeSonAM avalokana sikkAonI sarvagrAhI samIkSA : vibhAga pAMca sAhityika pravRtti : prakAra, kRtio ane vAcanA zikSaNapaddhati ane bhASAlipi dharmaparaMparA lalitakalA-1: zailotkIrNa sthApatya lalitakalA-2 : IMTerI sthApatya prakIrNa sthApatya lalitakalA-3 : zilpasamRddhi hunnarakaLA lokajIvana (prAkRtika, Arthika ane sAmAjika) rASTrIya virAsatamAM yogadAna For Personal & Private Use Only 201thI251 203-216 217-231 232-236 237-246 247-252 253thI 264 255-272 273-282 283-293 294-314 315-322 323-326 327-341 342-345 346-358 359-364 365-366 367-378 379-402 403-405

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vibhAga eka prAvezika ane jJApako prakaraNa eka : viSaya-praveza prakaraNa be : sAdhana-sAmagrI prakaraNa traNa : zaka prajA : bhAratamAM AgamananI bhUmikA prakaraNa cAra : zaka prajA : bhAratamAM prAraMbhika kArakirdI pariziSTa eka : kSatrapa samayanA abhilekha pariziSTa be : kAlAnukrame kSatrapa sikkAonI sUci pariziSTa traNa : sikkAnidhio ane aprApya varSo For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa eka viSayapraveza "gujarAta' nAmano prAraMbha atyAre ApaNe je bhUbhAgane "gujarAta nAmathI oLakhIe chIe, te samagra pradeza AjathI AThaso varSa pahelAMnA kALamAM "gujarAta' nAmathI oLakhAto na hato. Ama to, A pradezanI bhUmi hajAro varSa jeTalI pUrvakAlIna che. veda sAhityamAM gujarAta vize koI nirdeza nathI, paNa vedAMga sAhityamAM vyAkaraNanA graMthomAM ApaNA pradezanAM keTalAMka sthaLono ullekha upalabdha che : pANininA "aSTAdhyAyI' graMthamAM kacchano, samudrakAMThe AvelA phaLadrupa pradeza tarIke, nirdeza che. uparAMta A graMthanA gaNapAThamAM Anartadeza, valabhInagarI ane mahI nadIno ullekha che. sUtragraMthomAM saurASTranI prajAno paNa nirdeza che. teramI sadI IsvI pUrvenA kALamAM ApaNA pradeza sAru bhinna bhinna samaye "Anarta', 'lATa', "surASTra ane "gurjaradeza' jevAM vibhinna nAma prayojAtAM hatAM ane A nAma jude jude samaye vividha artha dharAvatA hatA. AthI, pUrvakAlanA A pradezanA samagra itihAsa vAte AmAMnuM ekeya nAma prayojavuM ucita nathI. AthI kAlAtikramano doSa vahorIne paNa sagavaDa khAtara itihAsanA samagra kAla kAje tenuM vartamAna nAma vAparavAno rivAja pratiSThita thayo che. tethI A pustakamAM paNa A lekhake A nAmano, eTale ke nirAMta nAmano, viniyoga karyo che. ApaNA pradeza sAru punarAMta nAmano prAraMbha solaMkIkAlathI thayo. saMskRtamAM tene caulukyakAla kahevAya che. gujarAta nAmano pahelaprathama jJAta ullekha IsvI 1233mAM lakhAyelA AbUrAsa'mAM jovo prApta thAya che. agAunA ullekhomAM "gurjaradeza', "gurjara maMDala', gujjarattA', "gurjaratrA", "gurjaratra', "gurjarATa" ane "gurjarAta' jevI saMjJAonAM nirdeza sAhityika tema ja Abhilekhika sAdhanomAM jovA maLe che. paraMtu spaSTa : "gujarAta' saMjJA ApaNA pradezane prApta thaI teramI sadIthI e aMge koI matabheda nathI. gujarAtanA itihAsano AraMbha Ama to, gujarAtanI bhUmino itihAsa e bhUminI racanAthI zarU thAya che. kharekhara to itihAsano kharo AraMbha to je te bhUmi upara jIvaMta sRSTinI aMtargata mAnavayonino AvirbhAva thAya tyArathI gaNI zakAya. A rIte to gujarAtanA itihAsano AraMbha prAgaitihAsika yugathI zarU thayo gaNAya. gujarAtamAM A yuganI zarUAta sAbaramatI, mahI, orasaMga ane narmadA nadInA kinAre pahelavahelA dekhA detA pUrvakAlInatama mAnavathI thAya che. paraMtu gujarAtano sapramANa itihAsa mauryavaMzIya samrATa caMdraguptanA zAsana samayathI hAthavago thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM kSatrapakAla, maitrakakAla ane solaMkIkAla nAmanA traNa lAMbA ujjavala kAlakhaMDono samAveza thAya che. vAghelA-solaMkI rAjavaMzonA zAsanakAlano aMta AvatAM ane dilhInA sulatAnonI gujarAta upara svataMtra sattA sthapAtAM gujarAtanA itihAsano eka samRddha kAlakhaMDa pUro thAya che. A rIte gujarAtanA itihAsano samRddha ane sapramANa dIrghakAla lagabhaga IsvI pUrva 300thI IsvI 1300 sudhIno soLa zatakono vistAra dharAve che; jemAM svataMtra rAjakIya ekama saMpAdita traNa. svataMtra gurjararAjya ekabIjAnI vAMsovAMsa zAsana karatAM jovAM prApta thAya che. gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM kSatrapakAlanuM mahattva ApaNe avalokyuM tema gujarAtanA itihAsano prAkRislAmI-kAla ati dIrgha ane samRddha che. Azare soLa so varSa lAMbA A kAlakhaMDamAM lagabhaga traNaso traNaso varSanAM traNa dIrghazAsita rAjyonAM itihAsa ane saMskRti ApaNane saMprApta thAya che : (1) kSatrapakAla - lagabhaga IsvI 18thI 415; (2) maitrakakAla - IsvI 470thI 789; ane (3) solaMkIkAla - IsvI 942thI 1304. A traNeya dIrghakAlIna zAsanakALamAMthI chellA rAjavaMza solaMkIkAlanuM durgAzaMkara zAstrIe "gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsamAM (1953) ane azokakumAra majumadAre "caulukayAjha oNva gujarAtamAM (1956) vIgate ane talasparzI Alekhana karyuM che. tenI pUrvenA svataMtra sattAdhIza rAjaya maitrakakAla vize paNa vyavasthita anveSaNarUpe hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrIe "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta' bhAga 1 ane 2mAM (1955) ane kRSNAkumArI virajIe enzanTa hisTarI oNva saurASTra bIIMga e sTaDI oNva dha maitrakajha oNva valabhImAM (1955) vIgatapracura itihAsa Alekhyo che. jyAre te pUrvenA gujarAtanA svataMtra rAjya "kSatrapakAla" vize mAtra chUTAMchavAyAM nAnAM prakaraNo ane thoDAka lekho (mukhyatve kSatraponA sikkAo vize) sivAya koI vyavasthita graMtha lakhAyo nathI. prastuta traNa dIrghazAsita rAjavaMzomAM pazcimI kSatrapothI oLakhAtA "kSatrapakAla'nuM sthAna Adya to che ja paNa ghaNI badhI bAbatomAM sarvaprathama che. gujarAtanuM ane samagra bhAratavarSanuM A sau prathama dIrghazAsita svataMtra rAjya hatuM. AthI, gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsanA A sahu prathama rAjakIya ekama daramyAnanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtine sarvagrAhI sAdhana sAmagrIthI anveSita karavAno ane enA samRddha kAlakhaMDane prajA pratyakSa karavAno upakrama ahIM che. pAdanoMdha 1. 1lI me, 1960thI gujarAta rAjaya pAMcamI vakhata svataMtra rAjakIya ekama tarIke punaH astitatvamAM AvyuM te bhaugolika pradeza. gujarAta zabdanA mULa vize vadhu vigato vAte juo du.ke.zAstrIkRta aitihAsika saMzodhana, pRSTha 280thI 297. 2. vizeSa carcA sAru juo gurAsAMI, graMtha 1, prakaraNa 3, pRSTha 48thI. 3. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kavitA -AbUrAsa, kaDI 11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa eka 4. gurAsAMI, graMtha 1, pRSTha 279thI 283. 5. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo : Aga ane gurAsAMI. (graMtha 1thI 4). A be pAyArUpa graMtho pazcAtuM je sAdhano sthaLatapAsathI ke utpananathI hAthavagAM thayAM tene AdhAre saMkhyAdhika lekho lakhAtA rahyA che. beeka zodhanibaMdho paNa padavI prApti pachI prakAzita thayA che; jemAM navInacaMdra A. AcAryanA gujarAtano solaMkIkAlIna itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1973 ane vAghelAkAlIna gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1964; varSA gaganavihArI jAnI, gujarAtanA caulukayakAlIna abhilekho : eka adhyayana, amadAvAda 1991; gaurIzaMkara ojhA, sonaeNIvAtnIna prIna tihAsa, ajamera, 1907no samAveza thAya che. hariprasAda zAstrInA baMne gujarAtI graMtha have aMgrejImAM upalabdha che : Gujarat Under the Maitrakas of Valabhi, the Gackwad's Oriental Series, No. 180, 2000, Vadodara. asalamAM A lekhake A viSaya vize anveSaNa karIne vidyAvAcaspatinI padavI 1967mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTImAMthI prApta karI hatI. te pachI inDiyana kAunsila oNvu hisTorikala risarca (navI dilhI)nI Arthika sahAyathI gUjarAta vidyApIThe 1975mAM navA AkAraprakAra sAthe kSatrapakAlanuM gujarAta e nAmathI graMtha prakaTa karyo hato. paNa te pachInA traNa dAyakA daramyAna keTalIka purAvastukIya sAmagrI hAthavagI thaI, keTalIka bAbatonAM arthaghaTana navesarathI vicArAyAM. AthI enuM taddana navasaMskaraNa saMvardhita-vivardhitarUpe prakAzita karavuM jarUrI jaNAyuM. te have tamArA hAthamAM prastuta che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa be sAdhanasAmagrI pazcimI kSatrapothI sukhyAta rAjavaMzanA zAsanakALa daramyAna gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanA nirUpaNa vAste saMprApta sAdhanasAmagrImAM kSatrapa rAjAoe taiyAra karAvelA saMkhyAtIta sikkAo mukhya che. A kAlakhaMDano rAjakIya itihAsa AlekhavA A sikkAo sahuthI saMgIna ane pramANabhUta mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che". A sikkAo upara sikkA taiyAra karAvanAra rAjAnA nAmanI sAthosAtha te rAjAnA pitAnuM nAma tathA sikkA pADyAnuM varSa utkIrNa hovAthI kSatrapa rAjAonI vigatavAra vaMzAvaLI ane saLaMga sAlavArI taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNI sugamatA prApta thaI che. sikkAo uparAMta A rAjAonA thoDAka zilAlekho, eka zailalekha, eka azmasamudgakalekha, gaNIgAMThI sAhityakRtio ane imAratonA keTalAka avazeSa ane thoDIka zilpakRtio jevAM sAdhano paNa saMprApta thayAM che. A daSTie pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzanA zAsana daramyAnanA gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRti nirUpavA kAje mukhya pravartaka sAdhana sikkAo che. have A sAdhano vize vigate carcA karIzuM. ApaNA rASTranA pUrvakAlIna itihAsanI jema gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsanA nirUpaNamAMya aitihAsika ane purAvazeSIya sAdhanonI uNapa avarodharUpa nIvaDe che. A itihAsanA zarUAtanA samaya mATe sAhityika sAdhano pramANamAM ghaNAM ochAM upalabdha thayAM che. chatAM sarvavidha sAdhanomAMthI je sAmagrI hAthavagI thaI zake te tamAma sAmagrI saMcita karI eno talasparzI abhyAsa ane viniyoga karavAthI, gujarAtanA anveSaNa heThaLanA kAlakhaMDanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanuM citra vadhu spaSTa thaI zake tema che. sikkAo pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzanA zAsakoe paDAvelA sikkAonI cokkasa saMkhyA nizcita karI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu soLa jeTalA nidhio (hoards) maLyA che, jemAMnA pratyeka nidhimAM ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM sikkAo prApta thayA che. A uparAMta judAM judAM sthaLoethI chUTAchavAyA ghaNA sikkAo maLyA che ane vAraMvAra maLatA rahe che. saMgrahAlayomAMnA ke khAnagI saMgrahomAMnA sikkAonI mAhitI paNa nirUpaNamAM upayogI rahI che. Ama, A rAjAonA sikkAonI pahelI noMdhapAtra bAbata che enI vipula saMkhyA. A hakIkata sUcave che ke e samaye ApaNA pradezamAM vasatI ane vepAra bahoLAM hovAM joIe. A sikkAonA agrabhAga ane pRSThabhAga upara upasAvelAM (embossed) cihno, AkRti ane lakhANonA AdhAre A samayamAM rAjakIya, Arthika ane sAMskRtika itihAsanAM Alekhana vAstu vipula sAmagrI meLavI zakAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa be abhilekho kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsAlekhananI Abhilekhika sAmagrImAM sikkAo uparAMta A rAjAonA samayanA thoDAka zilAlekho, asthipAtralekho, mRdbhANDalekho vagereno samAveza thAya che. prastuta abhilekhonI saMkhyA 32 jeTalI che. A badhAMmAM zilAlekhonuM mahattva savizeSa ullekhanIya che. kSaharAta kSatrapavaMzanA jANItA rAjA nahapAnanA samayanA enAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIonA dAnaviSayaka ATha lekho noMdhapAtra che. A badhA lekho nAsika ane pUNe jillAmAM AvelI guphAonI dIvAlo upara kotarelA che. A lekhono viSaya mukhyatve dAnano hoI bhUmidAna, gaudAna, suvarNadAna, kanyAdAna ityAdinI upayogI mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. A lakhANomAM ullikhita miti nahapAnanA rAjyaamalanA samayAMkana kAje khUba ja agatyanuM sAdhana che. uparAMta emAM ullikhita sthaLavizeSa uparathI tatkAlanAM keTalAMka dhArmika sthaLo ane vahIvaTI vibhAgono khyAla prApta thAya che. zarAphI peDhI ane nANAMnI levaDadevaDane lagatA paNa ekAda be nirdeza che; jethI vyAje nANAM dhI2vAno ke rokelI mUDInuM vyAja ApavAnA rivAjano paricaya pamAya che. kAdarmaka kSatrapakuLanA mahArAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrAdAmAM 1lAnA samayano, giranAranI taLeTImAM azoka mauryanA dharmalekho je zaila upara utkIrNa che te zailanI pazcima bAju upara, kotarelo lekha ApaNA rASTranI Abhilekhika sAmagrImAM ati mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. saMskRta gadyamAM ane brAhmI lipimAM utkIrNa A vizALa lekha vikasita saMskRta gadya-zailIno pUrvakAlIna uttama namUno che. A lekha, ativRSTine laIne suvarNasiktA, vilAsinI ane palAzinI nadIomAM AvelAM pUrathI sudarzana taLAvanA tUTI gayelA setu(baMdha)nA samArakAmanI gavAhI pUre che. A to prasaMgocita vAta thaI. paraMtu A uparAMta A lekha eka advitIya aitihAsikadastAvejIya mAhitI paNa saMpaDAvI Ape che : jaLAzayanA nirmANakAryano pUrvetihAsa. vaLI rAjA rudradAmAnA viziSTa vyaktitvanuM citraNa paNa Alekhita kare che. tatkAlIna zikSaNamAM vidyamAna keTalIka vidyAono ane zikSaNapaddhatino paricaya paNa pamADe che. cASTana ane rudradAmAnA samayanA AndhaunA cAra yaSTi(pALiyA)lekho tathA cASTanano zaka varSa 11no STilekha te rAjAonA rAjakAla vize, te samayanAM pracalita gotra vize tema ja vyaktinAmo aMge jarUrI mAhitI Ape che. kSatrapakAlanA anya keTalAka zilAlekho paNa saMprApta thayA che; je sAlavArI tema ja pUrvadharmanAM bAMdhakAma tathA tatkAlIna sthalAdinI keTalIka rasaprada upayogI mAhitI hAthavagI karI Ape che. A uparAMta keTalIka mudrAomAM, mudrAMkomAM ane mRdbhANDa upara kotarelAM lakhANa keTalIka sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. vIsamI sadInA sAThanA dAyakA daramyAna sAbarakAThAM jillAnA bhiloDA tAlukAnA zAmaLAjI-tIrthanI najadIkamAM mozvo nadInA kAMThe AvelA devanI morI gAmanI sImamAMthI eka For Personal & Private Use Only

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8 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bauddhasUpa ane eka baudravihAranA avazeSo utpananakAryane kAraNe saMprApta thayA che. ahIMthI prApta pakavelI mATInI bauddhapratimAo kSatrapakAlIna zilpakalAnA kArIgarIkArya upara abhinava prakAza pAthare che. gujarAtamAMnI A samayanI bauddha guphAomAM pahelI ja vakhata bauddhapratimAo ahIMthI maLe che e enI vizeSatA che. gujarAtamAM Ama zilpakaLAnI viziSTa zailI vikasI hatI e dhyAnArha gaNAya. stUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta zailasamudgaka enA upara utkIrNa aitihAsika lakhANane kAraNe mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. devanI morIno A lekha saMskRta padyaabhilekhomAM pUrvakAlIna hovAno jaNAya che. A lekha ApaNA rASTranA ane rAjayanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM be samasyAo prastuta kare che : kathika rAjAo ane kathika saMvata. A uparAMta anya keTalIka Abhilekhika sAmagrI paNa ullekhanIya che : (1) vAsiSThIputra pulumAvino nAsika-guphA-lekha, jemAM gautamIputra zAtakarNie pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzane nirmULa karyAno ullekha che. (2) kaherI-guphAlekha, jemAM nirdezyA mujaba gautamIputra siri zAtakarNinI patnI mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI putrI hatI. (3) pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhanonA abhilekhomAM paraspare jItathI meLavelA ekabIjAnA pradezono ullekha che. (4) sAtavAhana rAjavaMzanA zilAlekhomAM "kSaharAta' zabdano nirdeza pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzanA eka kuLa tarIke jovo prApta thAya che. (5) A baMne rAjavaMzonA abhilekhomAM pitRpakSanA nAmano viniyoga sAmAnya hato te jANI zakAya che. purAvazeSo A kAlanAM sthApatya ane zilpanA keTalAka avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che. zailotkIrNa guphAomAM bauddha ane jaina dharmanAM caityo ane maThonA namUnA ApaNA rAjayanA saurASTra vistAramAMthI aneka sthaLoethI maLI AvyA che. cAreka dAyakA upara dakSiNa gujarAtamAMthI kSatrapakAlIna bauddha guphAo rAjayanA purAtattva khAtAe zodhI kADhI che. caNelA IMTerI stUpa ane vihAranA avazeSo jUnAgaDha ane sAbarakAMThA jillAmAMthI prApta thayA che, je kSatrapakAlIna sthApatya-zilpa-dharma bAbate sAro prakAza pAthare che. A uparAMta A samayanI zilpakRtionA keTalAka chUTAchavAyA namUnA ApaNA rAjayanAM vibhinna sthaLoethI saMprApta thayA che. vaLI cAreka dAyakA pUrve jAmanagara jillAnA jAmakhaMbhAliyA pAse AvelA kAkAnI siMhaNa nAmanA sthaLethI eka mAnavAkRti hAtha lAgI che je dhyAnArya che. A uparAMta mathurA pAsethI prApta cASTananuM mAthA vinAnuM khaMDita bAvaluM e samayanI pUrNakAma zilpakRtino suMdara namUno che. mathurAnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita-saMgRhIta eka sithiyana mastaka paNa noMdhapAtra che. - ApaNA rAjayanAM vividha sthaLoethI sthaLatapAsa (exploration) mAraphate ane utpanana (excavation) dvArA hAthavagA thayelA vividha purAvazeSo kSatrapakAlIna gurjararAjyanA sAMskRtika jIvananAM vividha pAsAMo vize ThIka ThIka vigato pUrI pADe che. A purAvazeSomAM rekhAMkti mudrAo, chIpa ane zaMkhalAMmAMthI banAvelAM AbhUSaNo, mATI vagere padArthamAMthI banAvelA maNakAo, nisAra, hADakAM-hAthIdAMta-chIpanAM ghareNAM, lokhaMDanAM ojAro, pakavelI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa be mATImAMthI taiyAra karelI prANIo ane strIonI pUtaLIo, keTalAMka vAsaNo, pakavelI IMTo ityAdi cIjavastuono samAveza thAya che. AmAM, romIya sAmrAjya sAthe gADha saMparka sUcavatA keTalAka namUnA paNa prApta thayA che. kSatrapakAlIna mRdbhaNDonA avazeSa to ThekaThekANethI hAtha lAgyA che ane kyAreka hAtha lAgeya che. vividha tharomAMthI maLatAM mATInAM vAsaNo lAla raMganAM ane camakadAra sapATIvALAM hoya che. A vAsaNo tatkAlIna sAMskRtika sthitinuM darzana karAve che. A badhA purAvazeSo kSatrapakAlIna mAnavajIvanane samajavAmAM upayogI mAhitI saMpaDAvI de che. anyathA, saurASTra ane kacchanA bhUbhAgamAM jo vyApaka pramANamAM phLatapAsa hAtha dharavAmAM Ave ane utkhananakArya hAtha dharAya to prabhAsa, jUnAgaDha, amarelI, zAmaLAjI, nagarA, Andhau, bharUca vagere vistAromAMthI, adyApi maLelA kSatrapa avazeSo jevA, avazeSo maLI AvavAnI pUratI saMbhAvanA che. samakAlIna sAhitya purAvastukIya ane Abhilekhika sAdhanasAmagrInI sarakhAmaNIe kSatrapakAlIna sAhityika sAmagrI ghaNI ja ochI prApta thaI che. je sAhityasAmagrI upalabdha che teneya samakAlIna gaNAvavAnAM cokkasa kAraNo muzkelIthI maLI AvyAM che. jaina dharma ane darzana sAhityanA ghaNA lekhako A samaye vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. emAMnA keTalAkano AnuzrutIka samaya aitihAsika dRSTie anizcita hovA chatAMya keTalAka lekhako kSatrapa zAsakonA samayakAla daramyAna vidyamAna hovAnuM kahI zakAya. paraMtu jaina sUrio judA judA pradezomAM vihAra karatA rahetA hovAthI emanI kRtio gujarAtamAM lakhAI haze ke AsapAsanA bIjA koI pradezamAM e paNa nirNIta karavuM muzkela che. chatAM nAgArjunasUrinA adhyakSapade valabhImAM yojAyelI pariSadamAM taiyA2 thayelI jaina AgamonI 'vAlabhI vAcanA' tathA valabhIvatanI mallavAdIe lakhelo graMtha 'dvAdazAranayacakra' jevI sAhityanI mahattvanI pravRttio kSatraponA zAsana samayanA gujarAta sAthe nizcita saMbaMdha dharAve che. jaina AgamonI vAcanAmAM tathA jaina nyAyanA vikAsamAM A kRtiono phALo dhyAnArha bane che. siddhasena divAkara viracita 'sanmatiprakaraNa', 'batrIsIo' ane 'nyAyAvatAra' graMtho paNa A ja samayanA hovAnuM nizcita thAya che. jaina vADmayamAM jANIto graMtha 'aMgavijjA paiNaya' paNa A zAsakonA zAsananA aMta samaye racAyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. phalAdezanuM nirUpaNa karato A mahAkAya graMtha sAMskRtika itihAsanI sAmagrInI dRSTie vizeSa mahattva dharAve che; kema ke emAM graha-nakSatra-tArA vagere vaDe ke janmakuMDalI vaDe phalAdezano nirdeza jovo prApta thato nathI. paraMtu manuSyanI sAhajika pravRttionAM nirIkSaNathI, tenAM aMgonA vividha prakAranA bhAvo uparathI phalAdezanuM nirUpaNa thayeluM joI zakAya che je bAbata advitIya banI rahe che. AthI manuSya sAthe, tenA zarIranAM halanacalana, tenI raheNIkaraNI, paheraveza, khorAka ityAdi saMbaMdhita viSayonAM vipula varNana ane vaividhyapUrNa mAhitI A graMthamAMthI upalabdha thAya che. brAhmaNadharmIya vidvAna durgAcArya viracita 'durgavRtti kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM racAyelI samajAya che; paraMtu enI racanA gujarAtamAM thaI hovAnAM pramANo prApta nathI.--sAhityanI A badhI pravRttio kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanI saMskRtinuM citra AlekhavAmAM rasaprada vigato saMpaDAvI Ape che For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta anukAlIna sAhitya kSatrapAlane sparzatI keTalIka anuzrutio mATe maitrakakAla ane te pachInA kAlamAM graMthastha thayelI keTalIka racanAo upayogI mAhitI Ape che. maitrakakALa daramyAna racAyelI saMghadAsa gaNivAcakanI 'vasudevahiMDI', solaMkIkALa daramyAna lakhAyelI prabhAcaMdrAcAryakRta "prabhAvakacarita' (vi. saM.1334), islAmIzAsana daramyAna racAyelI merUtuMgAcAryavRta "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi (vi. saM.1361) tema ja jinaprabhasUri racita "vividhatIrthakalpa' (vi.saM.1405)-A kRtio paNa gujarAtanA kSatrapakAlanA sAMskRtika itihAsa kAje upayogI sAmagrI pradatta kare che. videza sAhitya A uparAMta A samayanA grIka lekhakoe lakhelAM pravAsavarNana ane bhUgoLane lagatAM pustako gujarAtanAM sAMskRtikajIvanane ujAgara karatI keTalI mAhitI Ape che. romanA ajJAta pravAsIe grIka bhASAmAM lakhelo graMtha "irizciyana (lAla) samudrano periplasa (bhomiyo)' mahattvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. A graMthamAM rAtA samudrathI AraMbhI hiMdI mahAsAgara sudhInI dariyAI sapharane lagatI mAhitI noMdhAI che. AthI ApaNA dezanA pazcima kinArAnA samudravistArano sAro paricaya prApta thAya che. misaranA grIka vijJAnI blaoNDiyasa tolamAye bhUgoLanuM varNana' nirUpyuM che, jemAM pazcima bhAratanAM varNana aMtargata surASTra ane lATano ullekha kare che. Ama A be grIka graMthonA AdhAre e samayanA ApaNA pradezanI bhaugolika tathA vANijiyaka sthitino khyAla hAthavago thAya che. upasaMhAra pazcimI kSatrapothI jJAta gujarAtanA pahelaprathama svataMtra rAjakIya ekamanA zAsakoe IsvI 18thI 415 sudhInA cAra zataka paryata ApaNA pradezane sthira zAsana bakSI, zAMti ane vyavasthA sudaDha karI tathA pradezanA sarvagrAhI sAMskRtika vikAsamAM bhAtIgaLa phALo noMdhAvyo che te bAbata dhyAnArha rahevI joIe. pariNAme ApaNA pradezamAM rAjavyavasthA, dharma, kalA, sAhitya ityAdi anekAneka kSetromAM noMdhapAtra pragati thaI. Ama, ApaNA pradezanA anukSatrapakAla daramyAna jovI prApta thatI samRddhakAlanI vikasita saMskRtinAM ghaNAM bIja kSatrapakAla samaye vavAyAM ane aMkurita paNa thayAM hatAM. AthI ApaNA pradezanA sAMskRtika itihAsanA pAyArUpa A kAlanAM itihAsa ane saMsakRtino phALo dhyAnArha gaNAvI zakAya. kSatrapAlanuM A yogadAna bhAtIgaLa to hatuM ja, buniyAdI paNa hatuM. pAdanoMdha 1. jema maitraka rAjAonA itihAsa vAte utkIrNa lakhANoyukta tAmrazAsano ane solaMkI zAsakonA itihAsa sAra sAhityanAM sAdhano savizeSa agatyanAM che, tema kSatrapa rAjAo kAje sikkAo. maitrakonA zAsanakAlanA tathAkathita sikkAo hAtha lAgyA che jenI saMkhyA bahu nathI tema ja sAhityika sAdhano paNa jhAjherAM nathI. solaMkI zAsakonA samRddha samaya daramyAnanA abhilekho ane sAhityanAM pramANo saMkhyAdhika che paraMtu A zAsakonA sikkA bahu ja thoDA maLe che te bAbata AzcaryakAraka che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa be 11 2. pazcimI kSatraponA sikkAo vize eka alaga prakaraNa A graMthamAM samAviSTa che jemAM sikkAonI sarvagrAhI rajUAta karI che (juo prakaraNa tera). A sikkAonA je nidhio saMprApta thayA che tenI mAhitI mATe juo pariziSTa traNa. A rAjAonI sAlavArI nirNAta karavA sikkAonI sasaMdarbha vyaktigata mAhitI mATe eka alaga pariziSTa prastuta karyuM che (juo pariziSTa be). saMgrahAlayomAM surakSita sikkAo ane vyaktisaMgrahanA sikkAono saMdarbha paNa A pariziSTamAM samAviSTa che. 3. vIgato vAste juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa eka. 4. prastuta zailalekhamAMthI udbhavatI sAMskRtika itihAsanI vIgato mATe juo pariziSTa sAta. 5. A samayamAM pracalita vidyAo vAstu ane pracAramAM rahelI zikSaNa paddhati sAru juo prakaraNa soLa. 6. devanI morInA utpanana sAru 2.nA.mahetA ane su.nA.caudharIno graMtha "ekavezana eTa devanI morI: kathika rAjAo ane kathika saMvata vize juo A graMthamAM prariziSTa cAra. 7. vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa bAra. 8. prastuta graMthonA varNana vize juo prakaraNa paMdara. 9. ahIM prastuta karelI vividha mahattvanI sAmagrI uparAMta je te rAjA, ghaTanA ke prasaMga saMdarbhe jayAM tyAM nirdiSTa sAdhanasAmagrI paNa noMdhapAtra che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa eka kSatrapa samayanA abhilekha pazcimI kSatrapothI ApaNA itihAsamAM jJAta gujarAtanA kSatrapavaMzanA rAjAonA itihAsane jANavA sAru sikkAlekho pachI sAdhana tarIke mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che abhilekha. A samayanA 3ra abhilekha adyApi prApta thAya che. A badhA abhilekhanI sasaMdarbha sUci atre prastuta karI che; paraMtu pratyekanA prakAzana aMgenA vyaktigata saMdarbha ApavAne sthAne e lekho eka sAthe je pustakomAM ane sUcipatrakamAM sthAna pAmyA che te teno kramasaMdarbha ApavAnuM yogya gayuM che. je te graMtha ke sUcipatrakanI vigata ahIM ApI che. jo ke have pachInA prakaraNamAM te te abhilekha vize jarUrI saMdarbhe je te sthAne pAdanoMdhamAM ApyA che. ahIM prastuta abhilekhasUcimAM viniyoga pAmela saMkSepasUci A mujaba che : AcAryano naMbara : girijAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArye gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho' nAmaka graMtha traNa bhAgamAM saMpAdita karyo che; anukrame varSa 1933, 1935 ane 1942mAM. AmAMnA prathama bhAgamAM kSatraponA abhilekhonuM vAcana prastuta karyuM che. AthI A graMthamAMno kramAMka koThAmAM chaThThA krame rajU karyo che. sarakArano naMbara : DaoN. dinezacaMdra sarakAre "sIlekaTa iskrizansa berIMga oNna inDiyana hisTarI eNnDa sivilijhezana" (bhAga 1, bIjI AvRtti 1970) nAmano graMtha saMpAdita karyo che. emanA graMthamAMnA kSatrapalekhono kramAMka ahIM sAtamA krame rajU karyo che. satyazrAvano naMbara : "dha zaksa ina inDiyA' nAmano graMtha 1947mAM satyazrAve prakAzita karyo che. emaNe pariziSTamAM kSatraponA keTalAka lekhonA pATha sasaMdarbha prastuta karyA che. emano kramAMka paNa ahIM AThamA kramathI upayogamAM lIdho che. saMdarbhasUcino naMbaraH gujarAta itihAsa pariSada nAmanI saMsthA taraphathI gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci" nAmanA khaMDa prakAzita thatA rahe che. AmAMnA khaMDa mAM (1962) gujarAtanA itihAsanA pUrvakAlIna abhilekhonI sUci ApI che. Ano kramAMka ahIM navamA kramathI upayogAyo che. koThAmAM phakta kramAMka ApyA che. je te kramAMka zuM sUcita kare che tenI vigata have ahIM prastuta che : eka : A lekhakano potAno kramAMka-anukrama : kSatrapa rAjAnuM nAma ke jenA samayano e abhilekha che. zakya che tyAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa eka traNa cAra pAMca cha sAta ATha nava kamyubhu kAguma jammujU nAguma vomyurA pukhAkarA puvimasa privaeNmyunuM kauMsamAM lekha kotarAvanAranuM nAma ApyuM che. * je te lekhamAM ullikhita zaka saMvatanuM varSa A kramamAM che. varSano nirdeza je lekhamAM nathI tyAM 'nathI' ane jyAM nizcita nathI tyAM kauMsamAM praznArtha cihna rajU karyuM che. nahapAnanA lekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa tenA rAjakAlanAM che, zaka saMvatanAM nathI. : A lekho jyAMthI saMprApta thayA che te purAtana sthaLanuM nAma arvAcIna saMdarbhamAM. : A lekho hAla jyAM surakSita-saMgRhIta che teno nirdeza ahIM che. : AcAryano kramAMka. : sarakArano kramAMka. : satyazrAvano kramAMka, : saMdarbhasUcino kramAMka. uparAMta lekha hAla jyAM saMgRhIta che te sthAna-sthaLanI saMkSepasUci atre prastuta karI cheH : kaccha myujhiyama, bhuja. : kArle guphA, mahArASTra. : jUnAgaDha myujhiyama, jUnAgaDha. : nAsika guphA, mahArASTra. : vaoNTsana myujhiyama, rAjakoTa. : purAtattva khAtAnI kacerI, rAjakoTa. : purAvastuvidyA vibhAga, ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA. : prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyama, muMbaI. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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2b kSatrapa samayanA abhilekha traNa cAra pAMca sAta ATha nava nahapAna (uSavadAtta) nahapAna (uSavadAtta) | nathI. fy l`l jha | nahapAna | nahapAna | 41,42,45 | nAsika guphA naM.12 nAsika guphA naM.15 nathI nAsika guphA naM.11 nathI. nAsika guphA naM.13 nAsika guphA naM.144 kArla guphA naM. 11 nathI kArla guphA naM. 13 46 junnara guphA T | U 5. nahapAna nathI. | nahapAna nathI. 0 | nahapAna For Personal & Private Use Only nAguma nAguma nAguma nAguma nAguma kAguma | kAguma junnaraguphA mahArASTra kamyubhu kalyubhu kamyubhu kamyubhu kamyubhu nahapAna 11 AMdho-kaccha AMdhI-kaccha para 2 | 63 ? | 10 para 64 | 10 | 11 AMdha-kaccha AMdhI-kaccha para 65 | 11 12 cASTanI 10. cAkhana-rudradAmAM 11. | cAkhana-rudradAmAM 12. ! cAkhana-rudradAmAM 13. cATana-rudradAmAM 14. | rudradAmAM rudradAmAM 16. | rudrasiMha 1lo pare AMdha-kaccha 66 | 12 13 62 ke 72 khAvaDA-kaccha kamyu kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 15. 72 giranAra 13 | | 14 100(+) vAMDha-kaccha kamyubha

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For Personal & Private Use Only 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. rudrasiMha 1lo rudrasiMha 1lo rudrasiMhapa jayadAmAno pautra (rudrasiMha 1lo) jIvadAmA 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena jo vIradAmA rudrasiMha 2jo jIvadAmA 2jo rudrasena 1lo 103 10(3)? 114(5) [119-20] 100(+) 122 127 127 nathI 228 100(+) 201 - guMdA-rAjakoTa mevAsA-kaccha' AMdhau-kaccha bAvA-khArA guphA jUnAgaDha mUlavAsara-dvArakA gaDhA-rAjakoTa devanI morI zAmaLAjI kaDiyA DuMgara bharUca kAnakherA, sAMcI lAThI-surendranagara IMTavA (mudrAMka) TIMbaravA(mudrAMka)10 vaDanagara(mudrAMka)11 dolatapura kaccha vaoNmyurA kamyubhu kamyunu vaoNmyurA jUjU dvArakA lAyabrerI vaoNmyurA puvimasa jhAjapora sTezana sAme pukhAkarA privamyuma jUjU puvimasa puvimasa kamyubhura 7 12 - 9 - 11 8 10 69 - 70 - I 7ra - || 14 15 - 16 17 18 |3|| / 19 20 / 15 21 - 17 16 18 19 20 / prakaraNa be

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16 pAdanoMdha 1. A zilAlekha vIsamI sadInA sAtamA dAyakAnA uttarArdhamAM hAtha lAgyo hato. sahu prathama pUNe sthita zobhanA gokhalee ene prasiddha karyo hato. (juo : jarnala oNva enzanTa inDiyana hisTarI, pustaka 2, bhAga 1-2, pRSTha 104thI, kalakattA, 1970). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jayendra nANAvaTI ane hariprasAda zAstrI, jaoi., pustaka 11, aMka 3, pRSTha 237thI, pleTa che, 1962. je.ema.nANAvaTI, legisa v gujarAta, 2003, amadAvAda, pRSTha 42thI 44. A lekha vIsamI sadInA uttarArdhanA bIjA dAyakA sudhI aprakaTa hato. prastuta graMthanA lekhake vidyAvAcaspatinA zodhakArya daramyAna tene prajApratyakSa karyo hato. vizeSa carcA vAste juoH raseza jamInadAra, Tu mora vesTarna kSatrAsa inaskripzansa', saMbodhi, pustaka 3, aMka 4, pRSTha 73thI, 1975. A lekhanI chevaTanI carcA mATe juoH raseza jamInadAra, 'dha mevAsA inaskripzana: e rIeprAyajhala', paMcAla, paMcAla zodha saMsthAna, kAnapura, pustaka 7, 1994, pRSTha 115thI 117. A lekhamAM A lekhake zaka varSa 130 hovAnuM, praznArtha rAjA rudrasena 1lo hovAnuM sUcana karyuM che. A lekha paNa A lekhake ahIM pahelIvAra prasiddha karyo hato. vigatavAra mAhiti mATe juo : raseza jamInadAra, dha Andhau inaskripzana oNva rudrasiMha pharsTa', saMbodhi, pustaka 3, aMka 2-3, pRSTha 45 49, 1974. zobhanA gokhale, oi., pustaka 22, naMbara 3, pRSTha 290-293, 1973; jayendra nANAvaTI, atra tatra purAtattva : gujarAtano itihAsa, amadAvAda, 2003, pRSTha 160thI 163. maMjulAla 2. majamudAra saMpAdita, kraoNlaji oNva gujarAta, vaDodarA, 1960, pRSTha 94, 135; paTTa 17e (sI). A lekhanA purA vAMcana-vivaraNa-vivecana vAste juo uparyukta pAdanoMdha traNa. 9. sadara, pRSTha 94, paTTa 17e (bI). 2.nA.mahetA ane sUryakAMta caudharI, ekSmavezana eTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966; tathA joI., pustaka 12, naMbara 2, pRSTha 173thI 176, AkRti naMbara 4thI 8, 1963. 10. ejana, pRSTha 94, paTTa 18, naMbara 2. 11. subbArAva ane mahetA, ', ma.sa.yunivarsiTI jarnala, mArca 1955, pRSTha 21thI, paTTa 182. 12. DaoN.bhagavAnasiMgha sUryavaMzI, buliTina oNva dha myujhiyama eNnDa pikacara gelari, vaDodarA, pustaka 20, pRSTha 68, 1968; ane zobhanA gokhale, jaoi., pustaka 18, aMka 3, pRSTha 237thI, 1969. baMne lekhako lekhanuM saMpAdana karatAM miti vize ane rAjA vize bhinna bhinna pATha sUcave che. sUryavaMzI zaka varSa 158 ane rAjA pRthivISeNa tathA gokhale zaka varSa 254 ane rAjA priyasena hovAnI aTakaLa kare che. priyasena nAmano rAjA itihAsamAM jJAta nathI. jyAre pRthivISeNanuM rAjya varSa 144mAM hatuM; 158mAM to dAmasenanuM zAsana hatuM. lekhanI sthiti sArI nahIM hovAthI kazuM spaSTa maMtavya ApavuM muzkela che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa be kAlAnukrame kSatrapa sikkAonI sUci lekhakanuM kSetrakArya sarvekSaNa 1961mAM vizvavidyAlaya anudAna paMcanI zodhaziSyavRtti sAthe gujarAta yunivarsiTI saMlagnita ucca zikSaNanI saMsthA zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavanamAM vidyAvAcaspatinI padavI vAste saMsthAnA variSTha prAdhyApaka DaoN. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrInA mArgadarzana heThaLa anveSaNakArya "kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta : itihAsa ane saMskRti paratve AraMbhya tyAre A viSayanA mukhya srota saMdarbhe sikkAo tapAsavAnI anivArya AvazyaktA udbhavI. 1962thI 1964nAM traNa varSo daramyAna kaccha myujhiyama (bhuja), jUnAgaDha myujhiyama, vaoNTsana myujhiyama (rAjakoTa), gAMdhI smRti saMgrahAlaya (bhAvanagara), pikacara eNnDa ArTa gelari (vaDodarA), prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyama (muMbaI), DipArTamenTa oNva enzanTa inDiyana hisTarI, kalcara eNnDa ArkiyaoNlojI (ma.sa.vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA), ArkiyaoNlojikala myujhiyama (Indora ane gvAliyara), nezanala myujhiyama (navI dilhI)-A badhI saMsthAomAM saMgRhIta sikkAonI A lekhake jAta tapAsa karI hatI. A uparAMta sarvazrI sadAzaMkara zukla (muMbaI) ane rUpacaMda nAraNadAsa TekacaMdAnI (vaDodarA)nA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita kSatrapa sikkAonI paNa jAta tapAsa karI hatI. A badhAMmAM saMgRhIta pazcimI kSatraponA pratyeka sikkA uparanA agrabhAganI ane pRSThabhAganI upara upasAvelAM lakhANo ane pratIkonI vigatavAra noMdha lakhI dIdhI hatI. eDavarDa jemsa repsane emanA graMtha "keTalaoNga oNva inDiyana kaoNInsa ina dha briTiza myujhiyama' (pustaka 4)mAM ApelI kSatrapa sikkAonI sUci, tyAra bAda prApta thayelA kSatrapa sikkAonA khajAnA (nidhio) ane temanAM prakAzita thayelAM pariNAmo tema ja pariziSTa traNamAM nirdiSTa saMgrahAlayo ane aMgata saMgrahomAMnA sikkAone AdhAre prastuta pariziSTamAM pazcimI kSatrapothI khyAta gujarAtanA kSatrapa rAjAonI vigatavAra sAlavArI ApavAno ahIM namra prayAsa karyo che. saMbhava che ke A prakAranI sAlavArI rajU karavAno A prayAsa vidvAnone ane anveSakone khasUsa upayogI thaI raheze. paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajInuM pradAna | upalabdha sikkAone AdhAre kSatrapa rAjAonI sAlavArI pahela prathama taiyAra karI paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajIe ane enAM pariNAma emaNe prakAzita karyA jaraoNesonA 1890nA aMkamAM ane tatpazcAta "gejheTiyara oNva dha baoNmbe prejhiDensi'nA prathama graMthanA prathama bhAgamAM 1896mAM. A prayAsane AdhAre bIjo saMniSTha prayatna karyo eDavarDa jemsa repsane; jenI vigato jaraoNesonA 1899nA aMkamAMthI prApta thaI zake che. te pachI eno vyavasthita ane paddhatisarano abhyAsa karI enAM bRhada pariNAmo repsane keTalaoNga oNva dha kaoNInsa oNva dha AMdha DAyanesTI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, dha saikUTaka DAyanesTI enDa dha bodhi DAyanesTI' nAmanA graMthamAM 1908mAM prastuta kya che. A graMthamAMnI adhikRta mAhitI adyaparyata itihAsavidone upayogI thaI AvI che. alabatta, repsananA samaya pachI to kSatrapanA sikkAonA ghaNA navA nidhio hAthavagA thayA che; ane sAmayikomAM enAM pariNAmo vigatavAra prasiddha thatAM rahyAM che. to paNa bhagavAnalAla ane repsananA prAraMbhika prayAsonuM-abhyAsanuM mahattva ghaTyuM nathI. anya adhyetAonA prayAsa "dha kArdamaka kSatrapsa oNva vesTarna inDiyA' evA zIrSakathI sikkAniSNAta DaoN. paramezvarIlAla guptae cAkhanathI vizvasena sudhInA rAjAo vize nirUpaNa karatAM sAlavArIno ullekha karyo che ane te lekha "buliTina oNva dha prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyama'nA aMkamAM (1953-54, aMka 4) prakAzita thayo che. temaNe kyAM kyAM varSonA sikkao maLyA nathI tenI mAhitI paNa ApI che. alabatta, A sAlavArI varSavAra nathI; phakta je te rAjAnA sikkAonI upalI ane nIcalI jJAta maryAdA sUcave che. te pachI 1956mAM "dha kanaoNlaji oNva dha vesTarna kSatrapsa' nAmanA lekhamAM DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrIe koSTakarUpe kSatraponI sAlavArI ApI che, je lekha gujarAta yunivarsiTInA ardhavArSika sAmayika "vidyA'nA pustaka 1, aMka 1mAM prasiddha thayo che. emaNe paNa je te rAjAnA AraMbha ane aMtanAM varSono ja ullekha karyo che ane lekhAMte khUTatAM varSonI yAdI ApI che. A lekhakanA prayAsanuM pariNAma AthI, jayAre A lekhake A rAjAo vize anveSaNakArya hAtha dharyuM ane te anusaMdhAne kSatrapa sikkAonI jAta tapAsa karI tenAM chellAmAM chellAM pariNAmo sAthe zakyataH saLaMga sAlavArI, upalabdha mAhitIne AdhAre, ApavAno prayAsa ahIM prastuta che. A rAjAoe gujarAta, pazcima mALavA, dakSiNa-pazcima rAjasthAna ane uttara mahArASTra upara dIrghakAla sudhI sattAnAM sUtro saMbhALyAM hatAM. AthI, samaye samaye rAjasthAna, mALavA ane mahArASTranA vistAromAMthI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAo upalabdha thatA rahyA che je ahIM prastuta sAlavArIthI spaSTa thaze. samayAMtare A rAjAono rAjasthAna, mALavA ane mahArASTranA pradezo uparano rAjakIya prabhAva kramazaH ocho thato gayo tyAreya vartamAna gujarAta uparano emano rAjakIya kAbU cheka sudhI rahyo hato. ApaNe avalokI gayA tema sikkAo kSatraponAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA nirmANamAM eka mAtra dhyAnArha mukhya sAdhana che. A badhA sikkAo cAMdInA che, thoDAka apavAda sivAya. A sikkAonA abhyAsathI enI be mahattA spaSTa thAya che : (1) sikkA paDAvanAra rAjAe potAnAM nAma ane hoddAo sAthe potAnA pitAnAM nAma ane hoddAo paNa kotarAvyAM che. Ane kAraNe A rAjAonI saLaMga vaMzAvaLI taiyAra karavAmAM itividone saraLatA sAMpaDI che. (2) A rAjAoe A uparAMta sikkA taiyAra karyAnuM varSa paNa pratyeka sikkA upara aMkita karyuM che, jethI temanI saLaMga sAlavArI taiyArI thaI zakI che. alabatta, AraMbhanA keTalAka sikkAo milinirdeza For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa be 19 vinAnA che; paraMtu emAMnA keTalAka rAjAonA varSayukta zilAlekho upalabdha hoI e rAjAono samaya nirNita karavAmAM sugamatA sAMpaDI che. A rAjAoe pADavelA sikkAo be prakAranA che : kSatrapa tarIkenA ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA. jo ke baMne prakAramAM "rAjA' zabda vizeSaNa tarIke sarvatra prayojAyeluM che. ghaNIvAra eka ja varSanA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ubhayanA sikkA saMprApta thayA che. AthI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapa sikkAo yuvarAjanA hoya ane mahAkSatrapa birudavALA sikkAo sattAdhIza rAjAnA hoya. AthI eka saraLatA prApta e thAya che ke kayo rAjA kyAre ane kyAM sudhI kSatrapapade eTale ke yuvarAja tarIke rahyo ane kyAre te mahAkSatrapapada pAmyo. ahIM eka prazna vicAraNAdhIna rahe che : kSatraponA badhA sikkAo upara "rAjA kSatrapa" ane "rAjA mahAkSatrapa' evuM lakhANa upasAveluM jovuM prApta thAya che. arthAt "rAjA" vizeSaNa birudArthe ubhaya prakAranA sikkAomAM che. tethI koNa yuvarAja ane koNa mahArAja te bheda darzAvavA mATe yuvarAja vAste "kSatrapa' ane mahArAjA sAru "mahAkSatrapa' birudano viniyoga kSatrapa sikkAonI vizeSatA che, te sAthe yuvarAja ane mahArAjA baMne saMyuktazAsana calAvatA hatA tenI pratIti thAya che. koThAne samajavAnI cAvI koThAmAM cha kula pAnAM UbhI sapATIe che. te te khAnuM zuM sUcave che tenI mAhitI have ahIM prastuta karI che. khAnAM ekathI cha sudhInAM che. khAnuM : tenI samajUti eka : lekhakano potAno saLaMga kramAMka sUcave che. be : zaka saMvatanAM varSano nirdeza che. traNa : rAjA kSatrapanuM nAma ApyuM che. (yuvarAja) cAra : rAjA mahAkSatrapanuM nAma ApyuM che. (mahArAjA) pAMca : repsananA keTalaoNgano krama naMbara darzAvyo che. che : je te sikko kayA nidhino che, te kyAM surakSita ane saMgRhIta che, tyAMno kramAMka kayo che te darzAvyuM che. uparAMta je te sikkAnA prakAzanano saMdarbha paNa Apyo che. saMkSepasUci koThAmAMnuM chaThThuM khAnuM anveSaNanI daSTie ane saMdarbhanI rIte mahattvanuM che. tethI ahIM upayogAyelA saMdarbhanI vigatavAra mAhitIno saMkSepa rajU karyo che. 1. Asairi : Arkiyolojikala sarve oNva inDiyA, enyuala ripaoNrTa, pArTa sekanDa. 2. eriADi : enyuala ripaoNrTa oNva dha ArkiyolojI DipArTamenTa, baroDA sTeTa, 1935 36, pRSTha 54-pa6 ane 61-66 tathA 1936-37, pRSTha 18-20. 3. kamyubha : kaccha myujhiyama, bhuja. 4. gAMsaMbhA : gAMdhI smRti saMgrahAlaya, bhAvanagara. For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 5. janyusoi : jarnala oNva dha nyumijhamaeNTika sosAyaTI oNva InDiyA. 6. jabaoNbAroeso : jarnala oNva dha baoNmbe brAnca oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 7. jaraoNeso : jarnala oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 8. jUnyujU : jUnAgaDha myujhiyama, jUnAgaDha. 9. TekacaMdAnI : rUpacaMda nAraNadAsa TekacaMdAnI (vaDodarA). emanA khAnagI saMgrahanA sikkA. (emanA sikkAnAM prAptisthAna : anilA ane anADiyA). 10. devanI morI : ekkavezana eNTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966. 11. pusaplI : nyumijhamaeNTika saplImenTa, silvara jyubilI naMbara 47, pRSTha 9pa-98. (AmAM sonepura, junAgaDha ane vasojamAMthI prApta sikkAnidhionI mAhitI che). 12. privaeNmpamuM : prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyama oNva vesTarna inDiyA, muMbaI. 13. baoNge : gejhiTIara oNva dha bombe prejhiDansi. 14. resana : eDavarDa jemsa repsananA graMtha "keTalaoNga oNva dha kaoNInsa ina briTiza myujhiyama' (1908)mAM ApelA naMbarano nirdeza. 15. varyu : pikacara enDa ArTa gelari, vaDodarA. 16. vaoNmyurA : vaoNTsana myujhiyama, rAjakoTa. 17. zukla : sadAzaMkara zukla (muMbaI). emanA aMgata sikkAonA saMgrahano naMbara. ArkiyaoNlojikala sarve ova inDiyA, pArTa Tu, 1913-14, pRSTha 277thI. A pustakamAM sarvANiyAmAMthI prApta kSatrapa sikkAnidhino vigatavAra ahevAla che. 19. sAMcI : keTalaoNga oNva dha myujhiyama oNva Arkiolaji eTa sAMcI, bhopAla sTeTa, 1922. : jyAM jyAM kausanI aMdara praznArtha cihna che tyAM saMbhavataH ke prAyaH ema samajavuM; kema ke nizcita vigata ApavI muzkela che. : jyAM jyAM A prakAranA kausanI aMdara je AMkaDA che te je te myujhiyama ke aMgata saMgrahamAnAM sikkAono rajisTaramAMno krama naMbara ke kavara uparano krama naMbara sUcave che. 22. [ ] : jyAM A prakArano kausa che tyAM temAM ApelA AMkaDA je te pustakanA pRSThAMka sUcave che. 23. - : jyAM jyAM AvI rekhA che tyAM vigatano abhAva sUcave che. 24. { } : AvA kausamAMnA AMkaDA A graMthanAM pRSThakanuM sUcana kare che. 18. sarvANiyA 20. (?) 21. ( ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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be | traNa | cAra | pAMca pariziSTa be | 10(1)| - radrasiMha 1lo sarvANiyA (?) [235]. 295 rudrasiMha 1lo | - rudrasiMha 1lo radrasiMha 1lo - 296-300 4. | 103 {157} privemyuyuM. (22470) vaoNcurA (37); TekacaMdAnI (anilA,1). vaoNmyurA (38)(?); prirvamyamuM (22471). sarvANiyA (?) [231]. 104 radrasiMha 1lo 105 rudrasiMha 1lo 106 301 rudrasiMha 1lo radrasiMha 1lo 107 302(?) For Personal & Private Use Only 109 rudrasiMha 1lo 303-304, 305(?) TekacaMdAnI (1/2). 110 | 313-314 {157} 306-310 rudrasiMha 1lo radrasiMha 1lo rudrasiMha 1lo rudrasiMha 1lo | - 110 12. | 111 13. | 112 14. | 112 prilaeNmpamuM (22474). jUmyujU (?) (5). 315-316 radrasiMha 1lo - | janyusoi., 5.17[4] 15. | 113 rudrasiMha 1lo 317-18 {157}

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eka | be traNa | cAra pAMca 4 che. || 114 - rudrasiMha 1lo 319 sarvANiyA [231], privemyamuM (22473) ane (15423, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga). 17. | 115 320 rudrasiMha 1lo radrasiMha 1lo 18. | 116 321-22 jUvujU (4); TekacaMdAnI (3/4); privemyamuM (1974). jUmyajU(3); nyUsaplI(jUnAgaDha) 19. ] 117 - - | rudrasiMha 1lo drasiMha 1lo 20. | 118 323 21. | 119 rudrasiMha 1lo nyUsaplI (vasoja); jUmyujU (2); privemyamuM (1524, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga) 2. | 119 jIvadAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only 289(cAMdI) 293(paoNTIna) 3. | 120 291 328 jaraoNeso, 1899[380]; sarvANiyA [232] prilaeNmpamuM (15418) 5. | 124 : - 331-33 , 26. | 125 27. | 126 jIvadAmAM rudrasena 1lo | - rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo 334 TekacaMdAnI(3/7). 28. | 127 nyUsaplI (vasoja). 29. [ 1 28 335 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta . [ 130 jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [20]; TekacaMdAnI (48);

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| traNa cAra pAMca pariziSTa be 131 rudrasena 1lo privemyamuM (11515, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga). 336 (cAMdI) 374(poTIna) 338(cAMdI) 375(paoNTIna) 32. | 132 rudrasena 1lo . [ 133 - |339(cAMdI) 34. [ 134 rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo 341-46 35. [ 135 - 347-51 vaoNmyurA (43); privemyamuM (3748, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga), jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [204]; privaeNmpamuM (11508). prilaeNmpamuM (22476). sarvANiyA (232); kampabhu (23); gAMsaMbha (148); privemyamuM (15240). gAMsaMbhA (152); privaeNmpamuM(3747, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga) ane (22477 cAMdI ?); eriADi, 1935-36, amarelI-paoNTIna [61]; vaDu(-). . | 136 radrasena 1lo 352-53 For Personal & Private Use Only 37. [ 137 356 38 | 138 357-58 39 | 139 rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo rudrasena 1lo 36 2 40 140 - 365-66 privemyamuM (15425, 19514, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga) (?). sarvANiyA [232] TekacaMdAnI (6/10); zukla (169). vaoNmyurA (44); privaeNmpamuM (22478-79, ane 11514, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga). sarvANiyA [232]; TekacaMdAnI (7/11); prilaeNmpamuM (22480 ane 4896). 41 | 141 368 2 | 142 - rudrasena 1lo 369 23

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Tbe. eka | ba cAra | traNa pAMca je 144 | pRthivISaNa 377 4 | 144 saMpadAmAM 378 45 [ 145 saMpadAmA - - - jaroMeso,1899 [386,paTTa 6], zukla (171). jaroMeso, 1890 [252,paTTa 9], 189 [382]; jabaoNbAroeso, 1868, [68, paTTa 7]; sarvANiyA (?) [232]. boge, pu.1,bhA.1,[44]. zukla (172). prilaeNmpamuM (22483). nyUsaplI (sonepura) privaeNmpamuM (15428, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga). | | 145 dAmasena 379 146 380(?) dAmasena dAmasena 147 For Personal & Private Use Only 402-406 paoNTIna, nAma vinAnA) 49 | 150 dAmasena 151 dAmasena 382-84 51 | 152 dAmasena 385 sarvANiyA [233]; privemyamuM (15423). vaoNmyurA(51); privaeNmpamuM (1963), sarvANiyA [233]; TekacaMdAnI (anilA-4). jaraoNeso, 1850 [62]; vaDu (1376, tAMbuM, nAma vinAnA); privemyunuM (15431-32, tAMbuM, goLa, pRSThabhAga). 52 | 153 dAmasena 388(cAMdI) 411-12 (paoNTIna, nAma vinAnA). kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 53 ] | 154 | dAmajadazrI 2jo 421-424

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Tba. eka | e | traNa cAra | pAMca che. pariziSTa be 154 | - ! dAmasena jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [204]; sarvANiyA (?) [233]; prilaeNmpamuM (11512, tAMbuM goLa, pRSThabhAga). jaraoNeso, 1882 [373]; 1899 [383]; sarvANiyA [233]. sarvANiyA [233]. 55 | 155 dAmajadazrI rajo pa6 | 155 dAmasena 391-92 pa7 | 156 | vIradAmA 426 156 dAmasena 393 59 | 157 | vIradAmA 157 - dAmasena 394 For Personal & Private Use Only 158 vIradAmA TekacaMdAnI (3/14); privemyamuM (1964, 22486). nyUsaplI (sonepura); eriADi, 1936-37 [18, paoNTIna]. sarvANiyA [233]. sarvANiyA [233]; eriADi, 1936-37, [18] (paoNTIna). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [204]. sarvANiyA [233]; privemyamuM (15245, 22490). sarvANiyA [ejana]. 2 | 158 - dAmasena 159 vIradAmA 64 | 160 | vIradAmA 453 65 | 160 yazodAmA 1lo 480-81 sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22495, 5025). dada | 160 | vijayasena 488-91 jabaoNbAraoNeso,1899 [205]; sarvANiyA [234]; privemyamuM (15248). 25

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| cAra | pAMca | eka | be | 67 | 160 | traNa - yazodAmAM 1lo sarvANiyA [233]. 161 | vijayasena 69 | 16 (1) vIradAmA sarvANiyA (?) [234]. vasojanidhinA eka sikkA upara gi.va.AcArye A anumAna kareluM (nyUsaplI.[7]); paraMtu A vAcana barobara nathI. 161 yazodAmAM 1lo 485-86 161 vijayasena 162 vijayasena 495 For Personal & Private Use Only 163 vijayasena 497-501 4 | 164 vijayasena 508-514 sarvANiyA [34]; privaeNmpamuM (22498-99). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22501, 24222); TekacaMdAnI (423). sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (5/24); privenyum (1966). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (77-80); TekacaMdAnI (6/25); gAMsaMbhA (183); privaiyumuM (22504, 152 50); zukla (501-502). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privaiyuyuM (22506); janyusoI, pustaka 23[336]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNcurA (83); TekacaMdAnI (827); privemyamuM (22503). . sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (928); privenyumuM (22508);zukla (181). 05 [ 165 vijayasena 517-20 76 | 166 vijayasena 521-27 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 1 67 vijayasena | | pa28-31

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For Personal & Private Use Only eka be 78 168 79 80 81 171 82 172 169 83 172 85 170 84 173 86 87 88 174 175 176 177 traNa -- / , / - cAra vijayasena vijayasena vijayasena vijayasena vijayasena dAmajadazrI 3jo dAmajadazrI 3jo dAmajadazrI 3jo dAmajadazrI 3jo dAmajadazrI 3jo dAmajadazrI jo pAMca 532-33 534-37 541-49 550-53 554 556-57 (?) 558-80 561-64 565-66 cha sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (10/29); privaeNmyunuM (15252). sarvANiyA [ejana]; kamyubhu (22); privaeNmyunuM (22511, 22513). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (110); jUmyujU (39); TekacaMdAnI (12/31); privaeNmyunuM (22515,15255,5967); gAMsaMbhA (158,330). sarvANiyA [ejana]; jUmyujU (57); privaeNmyunuM (9887, 15256, 22514); zukla (185). jabaoNbrArA~eso, 1899 [205]; sarvANiyA ejana; jUmyujU (51); TekacaMdAnI (14/33 ane anilA-7); zukla (186,503). sarvANiyA (?) [235]; vaoNmyurA (119); repsana pAdanoMdhamAM '173' hovAno saMbhava rajU kare che. sarvANiyA [ejana]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; jUmyujU (?) (76); privaeNmyunuM (4898). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privaeNmyunuM (22525). sarvANiyA [ejana]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (4/37, anilA-18); pariziSTa be

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For Personal & Private Use Only eka 89 90 179 91 180 93 be 92 181 178 96 94 183 97 95 184 98 182 185 186 187 traNa I / cAra rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo pAMca 583 585(?) 586 588-89 190-91 592-93(?) cha privamyunuM (22527, 15264, 4918); Asaidara, 1912-13, [236]. sarvANiyA [236]; TekacaMdAnI (2/39), (anilA-9). sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (3/40); privaeNmyunuM (22532). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (130); jUmyujU (95); privaeNmyunuM (4933). sarvANiyA (?) [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (542); privaeNmyunuM (15317). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (132, 197), jUmyujU (163); privaeNmyumuM (22543, 15286, 9889); zukla (197). zukla (198). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (138); zukla (199-201). sarvANiyA [ejana]; zukla (202). sarvANiyA [ejana]; jUmyujU (162); gAMsaMbhA (299); privaeNmyumuM (4921, 22535); zukla (203). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (145-48); jUmyujU (81, 94); TekacaMdAnI (6/43); gAMsaMbhA (218); priyaeNmyunuM (4924); zukla (206, 465). 28 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta

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For Personal & Private Use Only eka 99 188 1002189 101 190 102 be 104 103, 191 106 190 105 195 194 109 196 107 197 108 197 198 traNa - vizvasiMha - vizvasiMha vizvasiMha cAra rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo rudrasena 2jo pAMca 594-99 600 612 cha sarvANiyA [ejana]; gAMsaMbhA (294); privamyunuM (?) (22537); zukla (211); devanI morI (6) [107]; (7) [108] (?). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (158-61); jUmyujU (83-85; 98, 123, 166); gAMsaMbhA (219); privaeNmyunuM (15273, 15277, 22541); zukla (214, 2165, 466, 470). vaoNmyurA (266). sarvANiyA [uparyukta]; privaeNmyunuM (5029); zukla (217). sarvANiyA [ejana]; jUmyujU (?) (92); privemyumuM (22544, 4941). jarAeso, 1899 [391, paTTa-8]; sarvANiyA [ejana]. nyusaplI (sonepura). vaoNmyurA (182); jUmyujU (108). sarvANiyA [237]; sAMcI (sI. 843) (?) [61]; privaeNmyunuM (22561) sarvANiyA [236]; vaoNmyurA (186); privaeNmyunuM (22546). sarvANiyA [237]; privaeNmyumuM (22563). pariziSTa be

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30 eka | be traNa | pAMca | cAra rudrasena rajo 110] 198 | 111 | 199 | vizvasiMha 112] 199 - 627-28 rudrasena rajo - 113] 199 114 | 200 | vizvasiMha 634-38 sarvANiyA [236]; privaeNmpamuM (?) (15268). sarvANiyA [237]; jUnyujU (190, 198); privenyum, (22560). nyUsaplI (sonepura); privaeNmpamuM (22547); zukla (496). sAMcI (sI. 845) (?). sarvANiyA [ejana]; zukla (230, 233). sarvANiyA [238]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (anilA-10); privaeNmpamuM (22569). jabaoNbAroeso, 1899 [206]; sarvANiyA [238]. prilaeNmpamuM (?) (22571). sarvANiyA [ejana]; zukla (236); gAMsaMbhA (237) (?). 116 / 200 | bhartudAmA - 117, 201 | bhartudAmA vizvasiMha For Personal & Private Use Only 118 | 201 vizvasiMha 119 | 202 202 | bhartudAmA 120| 203 | bhartudAmA 121 | 204 | bhartudAmA 671 jaraoNeso, 1899 [394]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (4987); zukla (237). bhartudAmA 122 204 123| 205 vizvasena 124, 205 | sarvANiyA [239]. privemyamuM (2008) (?). sarvANiyA [ejana]. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bhartudAmA

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eka | ba cAra pAMca | traNa vizvasana pariziSTa be 125] 206 1 26 | 206 bhartudAmA 127| 207 bhartudAmA 128 | 209 bhartudAmA 129] 210 bhartudAmA 30| 211 bhartudAmA 678-79 For Personal & Private Use Only sarvANiyA (?) [24]; privemyamuM (22606). sarvANiyA [239]; privaeNmpamuM (22581); zukla (238), sarvANiyA [ejana]; vamyurA (864); privemyamuM (22582). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNcurA (358, 867); privaeNmpamuM (22583-22585). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vocurA (341); TekacaMdAnI (anilA-11); privemyamuM (22586, 19491). sarvANiyA [ejana]; jUmpajU (273); sAMcI (sI. 847) (?) [61]; TekacaMdAnI (1/47); privemyamuM (4991). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (355); jUnmujU (272). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (324, 359); zukla (239). zukla (255). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (353); jUvujU (271) (?); gAMsaMbhA (273); privemyamuM (17736, 24236). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22607, 22609); devanI morI (21) [111]. 131 | 212 - 690 bhartudAmA bhartudAmA 132 | 213 - 691 133 | 214 vizvasena 134] 214 bhartudAmA 698 135] 215 | vizvasana 31

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eka | ba | traNa | cAra 32 pAMca 136 / 215 - bhartudAmA 137] 216 | vizvasana 719 138 | 216 bhartudAmA 139] 217 | vizvasana 140 217 | - bhartudAmA For Personal & Private Use Only sarvANiyA [239]; privemyamuM (22590). sarvANiyA [24]]; devanI morI (19-20) (?) [118]; zukla (265-66). nyUsaplI (sonepura); vaoNcurA (539, 542); jUmyujU (505); zukla (243). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [207]; sarvANiyA [40]; TekacaMdAnI (anilA-13); privemyamuM (2006, 9901). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [206]; sarvANiyA [239]; vaoNmyurA (541, pa60); privaeNmpamuM (22593). jabaoNbAraeso, 1899 [207]; privaeNmpamuM (22613); zukla (270). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [207]; sarvANiyA (?) [240]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (anilA-14); privaeNmpamuM (22615-22617); zukla (272). sAMcI (sI. 849-854) (?) [62]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (9902, 1990); zukla (274); vaoNcurA (580). 41 | 218 | vizvasena | vizvasana 143 | 220 | vizvasana 144] 220 bhartudAmA 145] 2 2 1 | vizvasena 736 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta

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| cAra che. pAMca eka | ba | traNa - 146 / 222 | vizvasena pariziSTa be 737-38 1 | 739 147 223 | vizvasena 148 | 224 vizvasena 149 vizvasana 150226 | vizvasana 2 25. 741-44 For Personal & Private Use Only sarvANiyA [ejana]; kamyubhu (14); vaoNmyurA (574-75, 579, 581); privenyum (5991-92, 22619); zukla (275-77, 279); TekacaMdAnI (1/49). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNcurA (577); zukla (280). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [207]; sarvANiyA [ejana]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; privenyum (9903); devanI morI (25) [111]. jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [207]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNcurA (587); privemyamuM (15342); zukla (284-85). sarvANiyA [241]; vaoNmyurA (688); privenyuyuM (22627). jabaoNbAraeso, 1899 [207, paTTa-6]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; TekacaMdAnI (anilA-15); privemyamuM (22628-29, 22631). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22633). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [207, paTTa-7]; sarvANiyA [ejana]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (679); privemyunuM (22635, 22637, 1997). 151, 226 rudrasiMha rajo 15ra | 227 rudrasiMha rajo 153 228 rudrasiMha rajo 154 229 rudrasiMha rajo 155 | 230 rudrasiMha rajo 770 33

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34 eka | be | traNa cAra pAMca 156 / 231 | rudrasiMha rajo 771 232 | rudrasiMha rajo 158 | 234 rudrasiMha rajo 159 | 235 | radrasiMha rajo For Personal & Private Use Only drasiMha rajo rudrasiMha rajo 237 yazodAmA rajo 238 | rudrasiMha rajo | 238 yazodAmAM rajo 165 | 239 yazodAmA rajo sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (696, 698); TekacaMdAnI (anilA-16); privenyum (9905). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (7OO). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22638). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNcurA (717); privemyamuM (22639, 22641); zukla (307). sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22642), sarvANi [ejana]; privemyamuM (22643). prilaeNmpamuM (22647). sarvANiyA [uparyukta]. sarvANiyA [242]. jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [208]; sarvANiyA [ejana]. sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (742-44); gAMsaMbhA (245); jUmpajU (576); privemyamuM (5024, 22649); zukla (331-337). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (745-46); privenyuyuM (22651-52); zukla (238-39), - . | 166 | 240 yazodAmAM rajo 794-96 167 | 241 yazodAmA rajo kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta

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eka | be | traNa cAra pAMca pariziSTa be 168 [424 yazodAmAM rajo | 169 | 243 yazodAmA rajo 805 170] 244 yazodAmA rajo jaraoNeso, 1899[397]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (747-49); jUmyujU (582); privemyamuM (22653); zukla (240-41). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (750). jaraoNeso, 1899[397]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; zukla (343). sarvANiyAM [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (752); zukla (344), jaraoNeso, 1889 [397] (?). sarvANiyA [ejana]; vaoNmyurA (735); privenyum (15355) For Personal & Private Use Only 171 245 yazodAmA rajo 172 246 yazodAmA rajo 173 247 yazodAmA rajo 174, 249 yazodAmA rajo 175 | 252 yazodAmAM rajo 806 176 | 253 yazodAmA rajo - 177 254 yazodAmA rajo jaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [208]; privemyamuM (22657). jaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [208, paTTa-9]; privemyamuM (22658). jabaoNbAraoNeso, 1899 [208, paTTa-10]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; privemyamuM (22659). janyusoi, pustaka 26 [233-35], jemAM inDiyA myujhiyama, kolakAtAnA saMgrahamAMno naM. 937nA sikkAno nirdeza che, juo A graMthamAM pRSTha 183. jabaoNbAraoNeso 1899 [203]; sarvANiyA [42]; 178 | 270 (?) 179 | 270 rudrasena 3jo 812 35

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For Personal & Private Use Only eka 180 182 181 272 183 185 be 186 271 184280 188 273 274 281 282 187 283 284 1890285 traNa - - - I cAra rudrasena jo rudrasena jo rudrasena jo rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo rudrasena jo rudrasena jo rudrasena jo rudrasena 3jo pAMca 889-891 cha vaoNmyurA (783-84); jUmyujU (613, 666); privamyunuM (22662-63, 19493). jabaoNbrArAeso 1899 [20]; jUmyujU (631); privamyunuM (22664-65); zukla (369). jabaoNbrArA~eso, 1899 [203]; sarvANiyA [242]; jUmyujU (669); privaeNmyunuM (22666-67). jabaoNbrArAeso, 1899 [203, paTTa-11]; sarvANiyA [ejana]; privamyunuM (22669-70). privaeNmyunuM (22671) (?). jarAeso, 1850 [62, 5TTa-2, naM.27, sIsuM]; vaoNmyurA (839); jUmyujU (606, 632);. zukla (370-71, 533). jaraoNeso, 1850 [62, sIsuM]. nyusaplI (jUnAgaDha). jaraoNeso, 1850 [62, sIsuM]; eriADi, 1935-36 [62, sIsuM ?]. nyusaplI (sonepura). jarA~eso, 1899 [403, paTTa-15, sIsuM]; nyusaplI(sonepura ?) (vasoja ?); eriADi, 1935-36 [62]; (sIsuM); 36 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta

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] ba traNa cAra pAMca pariziSTa be 190] 286 || - | 818-820 rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo 191 | 287 192 | 288 rudrasena 3jo 193| 289 rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo 194] 290 - For Personal & Private Use Only ane 1936-37 [18, sIsuM]. | jUnmujU (596, 618, 635); vaoNcurA (924); privenyum (18828). nyUsaplI (sonepura, jUnAgaDha); vaoNmyurA (787-88, 790); jUmyujU (623, 659); gAMsaMbhA (369-439); zukla (pa2pa, pa30). jaroeso, 1850 [62, paTTa-2, naM. 31, sIsuM]; nyUsaplI (jUnAgaDha). jUnyUz2a (615, 643, 668). nyUsaplI (jUnAgaDha); vaoNmyurA (805); vamyu (22-23, sIsuM); jUnmujU (pa94, 616, 672); TekacaMdAnI (12); privemyamuM (15371-72, 22678, 5027); zukla (para7), pa31). cusaplI (jUnAgaDha); privenyumuM (22677); jUvujU (608); eriADi, 1935-36 [62, sIsuM]. jUmpajU (621, 653); vaDu (924); privemyamuM (15369); zukla (377); eriADi, 1936-37 [18, sIsuM). jUmpajU (597); privemyamuM (22679). jaroeso, 1850 [62, paTTa-2, naM. 32, sIsuM]; gAMsaMbhA (132); zukla (378). vaoNmyurA (809). 195] 291 rudrasena 3jo 196 | 292 | - rudrasena 3jo 838-39 197 293 - 845 rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo 198| 294 849-852 99| 295 rudrasena 3jo 37

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38 | traNa | pAMca | eka | ba 200 296 cAra rudrasena 3jo - nyusaplI (jUnAgaDha); vam (924); (kavara naM. 20, sIsuM); privemyamuM (22680, 5041); zukla (379). nyUsaplI (jUnAgaDha); privemyamuM (5045); zukla (380). 201 297 - 202 | 298 rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo 853 203] 299 204 300 jUvujU (657); vaDu (-); privaeNmpamuM (15362); zukla (381-82, 537). jaraoNeso, 1882 [374],-1899 [398]; gAMsaMbhA (-). nyUsaplI (sonepura). gAMsaMbhA (?) (259). rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo rudrasena 3jo 205 | 301 206 | 302 For Personal & Private Use Only 07, 304 svAmi siMhasena 208 | 305 209 | 306 svAmi siMhasena svAmi siMhasena rudrasiMha 3jo | rudrasena 3jo (?) - 210 310 211 312? privenyum (?) (15411). A sikkAmAM varSanuM pratIka kapALanI sAme che. privenyum (?) (17735). privemyamuM (?) (11570); repsana, keTalaoNga, phakaro 129. gi.va.AcArya sonepura nidhinA eka sikkA upara A prakAranuM vAcana kare che (nyUsaplI., pRSTha 95-96). jo ke prastuta vAcana saMdigdha jaNAya che. saMbhava che ke praznArtha rAjA rudrasiMha 3jo hoI zake. janyusoI, pustaka 22 [118-19, sIsuM. "zukla (389). 314 | 212 213 - - rudrasiMha 3jo rudrasiMha 3jo kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 320 |

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ka | be. pAMca cha traNa - | | cAra rudrasiha 3jo rudrasiMha 3jo pariziSTa be 214/333 juo A graMthamAM pRSTha 41 ane 139. upara mujaba 2 15 [337 - prastuta koThAmAM nirdiSTa sikkAnidhio ane sikkA-keTalaoNgsa uparAMta A lekhake indoranA zAMtilAla paradezI, rAjendrakumAra zeThI ane mohabatasiMgha jevA sikkAsaMgrAhakonA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita kSatrapa sikkAonI paNa jAta tapAsa karI hatI ane jarUrI vigata noMdhI hatI. paraMtu A saMgrAhakoe emanA saMgrahanuM koI vyavasthita noMdhaNIpatraka taiyAra karyuM nA hoI ahIM A koThAmAM te te sikkAonI samAvezanoMdha laI zakAI nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa traNa sikkAnidhio ane aprApya varSo have ApaNe sikkAnidhionuM vivaraNa karIzuM. ApaNe jJAta chIe ke kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAo ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM prApta thAya che ane samaye samaye anyathA paNa hAthavagA thatA rahe che. paraMtu chUTAchavAyA maLI AvatA sikkAo karatAM eka ja pAtramAM saMgRhIta sikkAonI upayogitA savizeSa dhyAnArya banI rahe che. A rIte maLI AvatA sikkAnA jaththAne "saMgraha athavA "nidhi" (hoards)tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. atyArasudhImAM AvA viseka nidhi A rAjAonA prApta thayA che, jenI saMkalita mAhitI ahIM akArAdi krame rajU karI che. ' amarelI (gohilavADa) : ahIM eka TIMbAnuM khodakAma karatAM 270 jeTalA sikkAo maLI AvyA hatA. cAMdInA sikkAomAM rudrasena rajAnA traNa, vizvasiMha rAjAno eka, bhadAmAnA be ane rudrasena 3jAnA be sikkAono samAveza thAya che. tAMbAnA sikkAmAM cha sikkA corasa che ane te rudrasena 3jAnA hovAnuM manAya che. sIsAnA badhA ja sikkA enA che. paoNTananA badhA sikkA vIradAmAnA hovAnuM jaNAya che. [vigatavAra vivaraNa vAste juo : enyuala ripaoNrTa oNva dha DipArTamenTa oNva ArkioNlaji, baroDA sTeTa, 1936-37, pRSTha 17thI.] uparakoTa (jUnAgaDha) : A sthaLethI 1897mAM lagabhaga 1200 jeTalA sikkAono eka saMgraha hAtha lAgelo. A nidhimAM rudrasena 1lAthI AraMbhI rudrasena 3jA sudhInA rAjAonA sikkAo samAviSTa che. alabata, apavAdarUpe saMghadAma, dAmajadazrI rajo ane yazodAmA 1lAnA sikkAo A saMgrahamAM maLyA nathI. IzvaradattanA ane keTalAka anabhiSeya sikkAono samAveza thAya che. [vadhu mAhitI mATe juo : jabaoNbAraoNeso., pUrvIya zreNI, pustaka 20, pRSTha 201thI]. karAda (mahArASTra) : ahIMthI 1861mAM eka sikkAnidhi saMprApta thayelo; jemAM vijayasena, dAmajadazrI 3jo, rudrasena rajo, vizvasiMha, bhartudAmA ane vizvasananA sikkAono samAveza thAya che. [vigata vAte juo : baoNge., pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 48thI] . kAmareja (surata jillo) : ahIMthI prApta nidhimAM agiyAra sikkA che; jemAM bhUmakanA traNa; jayadAmA, rudrasena 1lo ane vIradAmAnA eka eka; tema ja rudrasena 3jAnA cAra ane eka avAcya sikkAo samAveza thAya che. [juo : enyuala riporTa oNva dha DipArTamenTa oNva ArkioNlaji, baroDA sTeTa, 1935-36, pRSTha 54thI.] khAmaTA (rAjakoTa jillo) : 12-8-1986nA roja A gAmethI 62 sikkAono eka nidhi rAjaya purAtattva khAtAnI rAjakoTa sthita pazcima vartuLanI kacerInA dhyAna upara Avelo. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa traNa 41 A badhA sikkAnA phoTogrApha kacerI pAse che. cAMdInA sikkAomAM nahapAnanA sikkAo hovAnuM kacerInI noMdhamAM che. anya kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA AmAM samAviSTa che ke nahIM tenI koI noMdha saMprApta nathI. mAhitI mATe rAjakoTa sthita purAtattva khAtAnI kacerIno saMparka karavo rahyo. zakyataH A sikkAo aprakaTa hovAnuM jaNAya che. goMdaramI (madhyapradeza) : atrethI ekAvana sikkA hAtha lAgelA : vijayasenanA pAMca, rudrasena rajAnA cha, bhartudAmAnA sattara, vizvasenanA daza, rudrasiMha rajAnA traNa ane rudrasena 3jAnA eka tema ja nava avAcya sikkA che. [juo : inDiyana ArkioNlaji, e rivyu, 1954-55, pRSTha 63thI]. chiMdavADA (madhyapradeza) : phakta daza sikkAno nidhi ahIMthI hAtha lAgyo che; jemAM rudrasena rajAnA traNa, bhartudAmAnA traNa tema ja dAmajadazrI 3jo, vizvasiMha ane vizvasana rAjAnA ekeka tathA eka avAcya sikkAno samAveza thAya che. [juo : raoNesobeM., prasIDiMgsa, pustaka 6, pRSTha 114thI]. jUnAgaDha myujhiyama : girijAzaMkara vallabhajI AcAryane jUnAgaDha rAjayanI tijorImAMthI 520 jeTalA kSatrapa sikkAo sAMpaDyA hatA. anaMta sadAziva gae sau prathama vakhata A sikkAo tapAsyA hatA. A nidhi uparAMta 209 ane 77 sikkAnA bIjA be khajAnA paNa ahIM hatA. 209mAM 134 sikkA rudrasena 3jAnA che. pa20 sikkAnA nidhimAM rudradAmAM 1lAthI bhartudAmA sudhInA (saMghadAmAM ane dAmajadazrI rajAnA sivAyanA) rAjAonA sikkAo che. [A badhAnI vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo : jerAesobeM., 1937, pustaka 3, aMka 2 (nyUsaplI. naM. 47), pRSTha 97thI]. jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI : 1985mAM jUnAgaDha jillAnA eka gAmethI Azare 500 jeTalA cAMdInA sikkAno eka jaththo rAhatakArya daramyAna hAthavago thayo hato. A sikkAo koIka vyakti mAraphate muMbaInA bajAramAM vecavA mATe pahoMcyA hatA. saddabhAgye muMbaInA khyAta sikkAsaMgrAhaka zrI sadAzaMkara zuklanA dhyAna upara AvatAM thoDAghaNA sikkAo emaNe kharIdI lIdhA hatA. kharIdelA A sikkAmAM moTAbhAganA sikkA mahAkSatrapa svAmi rudrasiMha 3jAnA che ane te pazcimI kSatrapavaMzano chello zAsaka che. A sikkAo uparanAM jJAta varSa zaka saMvatanAM che, je A mujaba che : 310, 313, 315, 316, 320, 333 ane 337. [A vizenI phakta mAhitI mATe juo : dilIpa rAjagora, "phreza lAiTa oNna dha sozyo-paoNliTikala hisTarI oNva dha vesTarna kSatrapsa', sAmIpya, pustaka 19, eka 1-2, 2002, pRSTha 16thI]. jUnAgaDhanA A jaththAmAMnA ghaNAkharA sikkAo vibhinna saMgrAhakonA aMgata saMgrahamAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. jogala thambI (nAsika jillo, mahArASTra) : A sthaLethI kSatrapa sikkAono sahuthI moTo khajAno hAtha lAgyo hato. A nidhimAM Azare caudathI paMdara hajAra jeTalA sikkAo hovAnuM jANamAM che. AmAMthI 13250 jeTalA bacelA sikkA eca.Ara.kaoNTane tapAsavA vAstu maLyA hatA. AmAM 9270 sikkA kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjA nahapAnanA che, jenA upara sAtavAhana rAjA For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta gautamIputre potAnI chApa paDAvI che. zeSa sikkA pherachApa (counter-stamped) vinAnA che. [vigate vivaraNa vAste juo : baoNbAraoNeso., pustaka 22, naM. 62 pRSTha 223thI]. devanI morI (sAbarakAMThA jillo) : mahAkAya bauddha stUpa ane bauddha vihAranA ulbananakArya daramyAna vaDodarAnI ma.sa. vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA purAvidone sikkAonA be nAnakaDA nidhi hAtha lAgyA hatA : vihAranI prathama oraDInA praveza dvAra pAsethI 39 sikkAno jaththo ane stUpanI prathama pIThikAnA TocanA bhAganA madhyamAMthI 8 sikkAno samUha hAtha lAgyo hato. [mAhitI mATe juo : 2.nA.mahetA ane sUryakAMta caudharI, eskavezana eTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966, pRSTha]. devA (kheDA jillo) : pUrvakAlIna sikkAothI sabhara mATInuM eka nAnuM vAsaNa gAmanA prAthamika zALAnA medAnamAMthI khodakArya daramyAna maLI AvyuM hatuM, jemAMnA nava kSatrapasikkA vallabha vidyAnagaranA amRta vasaMta paMDyAne tapAsArthe maLyA hatA. AmAM rudradAmAM 1lAnA be, rudrasena 1lAnA be ane vizvasenanA pAMca sikkAono samAveza thAya che. [juo vigata vAsta: janyusoi., bhAratIya mudrA pariSada, guvAhAtI saMmelana, 1966mAM emaNe A bAbate eka nibaMdha rajU karyo hato]. peTalurIpalema (ganUra jillo, AMdhrapradeza) : Trejhara Trova ekaTa heThaLa pa2, 16 ane 170 (kula 238) sikkAnA jaththA traNa TukaDe hAthavagA thayA hatA. vIradAmA, vijayasena, dAmajadazrI 3jo, rudrasena rajo, vizvasiMha, bhadAmAM, vizvasena, rudrasiMha rajo, yazodAmA rajo ane IzvaradattanA sikkAono samAveza A badhA sikkAomAM thAya che. [mAhitI kAje juo : inDiyana Arkiolala ji : e rivyuH 1956-57, pRSTha 77thI ane IhikaoN., pustaka 33, naMbara 4, pRSTha 272thI.]. bAsima ane kuMDInapura (akoTA ane vardhA jillA, mahArASTra) : A baMne sthaLethI saMprApta sikkAomAMthI moTAbhAganA sikkAo ogALI devAmAM AvyA hatA. zeSa sikkA vAsudeva viSNu mirAzIne tapAsArthe maLyA hatA. [mAhitI mATe juo : janyusoi., pustaka 12, pRSTha 113thI]. vasoja (jUnAgaDha jillo) : 1937 pUrve koIka samaye A sthaLethI 591 sikkAno moTo khajAno hAtha lAgyo hato. emAM rudrasiMha 1lAthI rudrasena 3jA sudhInA, apavAdarUpa saMghadAmA ane yazodAmAM 1lAnA sikkAo sivAya, kSatrapa zAsakonA sikkAono samAveza thAya che. [vigato vAte juo : jaraoNesobeM., 1937, pustaka-3, naM. 2, pRSTha 98thI). ziravAla (pUNe jillo) : lagabhaga 800 sikkAno eka nidhi A sthaLethI 1846mAM prApta thayo hato, jemAM vijayasena, dAmajadazrI 3jo, rudrasena rajo, vizvasiMha, bhartudAmA, vizvasena, rudrasiMha rajo ane IzvaradattanA sikkAo samAviSTa che. [mAhitI mATe juo : jabaoNbAraoNeso., pustaka 2, pRSTha 377thI]. sanADiyA (jUnAgaDha jillo) : rUpacaMda nAraNadAsa TekacaMdAnIne A nidhimAMthI 125 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa traNa 43 jeTalA sikkA tapAsa mATe maLelA ane e badhA emanA aMgata saMgrahamAM sacavAyA che : dAmajadazrI 1lAno eka, rudrasiMha 1lAnA traNa, rudrasena 1lAnA sAta, dAmajadazrI rajAnA be, dAmasenanA daza, yazodAmAM 1lAno eka, vIradAmAnA pAMca, vijayasenanA suDatAlIsa, dAmajadazrI 3jAnA cauda, vizvasiMhanA traNa, bhartudAmAnA traNa, vizvasenanA nava ane rudrasena 3jAnA vIsa. A sikkAonI mAhitI kyAMya prasiddha thayAnuM jANamAM nathI. phakta A lekhake A badhA sikkAonI jAta mAhitI meLavI hatI ane jeno nirdeza A graMthamAM pariziSTa bemAM karelo che. sarvANiyA (vAMsavADA jillo, rAjasthAna) : 2400 sikkAno ghaNo moTo jaththo 1911mAM prApta thayo hato; jemAMthI 2393 sikkA gi.va.AcAryane tapAsavA kAje prApta thayA hatA. e pachI devadatta rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakare enuM punarIkSaNa kareluM. A nidhimAM rudrasiMha 1lAthI rudrasena 3jA sudhInA badhA rAjAonA, tema ja IzvaradattanA ane keTalAka anabhijJeya sikkAono samAveza thayo che. [vigatavAra varNana vAte juo : gi.va.AcArya, rajapUtAnA myujhiyama, enyuala ripaoNrTa, 1912-13 ane de.rA.bhAMDArakara, AsaIri., 1913-14, pRSTha 227thI]. sAMcI (bhopAla pAse) : 1916-17mAM A sthaLe thayelA ukhananakAryane kAraNe 41 sikkA upalabdha thayA hatA : rudrasena 1lAno eka, rudrasena rajAnA sAta, vizvasiMhanA be, bhartudAmAnA agiyAra, vizvasananA ATha, rudrasiMha rajAnA be, rudrasena 3jAno eka ane avAcya evA nava sikkA A jaththAmAM che. [mAhitI mATe juo : keTalaoNga oNva dha myujhiyama oNva dha ArkioNlaji eTa sAMcI, pRSTha 61thI), sonepura (chiMdavADA jillo, rAjasthAna) : 670 jeTalA sikkAno eka nidhi A sthaLethI 1925mAM hAtha lAgyo hato, jemAMnA 37 sikkA gaLAI gayA hatA. A nidhimAM saMghadAmA sivAyanA rudrasena 1lAthI rudrasena 3jA sudhInA badhA rAjAonA tema ja IzvaradattanA ane keTalAka anabhijJaya sikkAo samAviSTa hatA. [vigate varNana mATe juo : jaraoNesobeM., 1937, pustaka 3, naMbara 2, pRSTha 9pathI]. uparyukta sikkAnidhionA saMkSipta varNanathI eka hakIkata e najara samakSa AvI che ke A badhA nidhiomAM jyAM jyAM ghaNA kharA kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAno samAveza thAya che tyAM tyAM saMghadAmAnA sikkAnI anupasthiti dhyAnArha jaNAya che. hA, apavAdarUpa be alaga alaga nidhimAM dAmajadazrI rajAnA ane yazodAmA 1lAnA sikkAonI gerahAjarI Azcarya janmAve che. aprApya varSo dha kArdamaka kSatrapsa oNva vesTarna inDiyA" nAmaka buliTina oNva dha prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyamamAM pragaTa thayelA lekhamAM (1953-54, aMka 4) paramezvarIlAla guptae cAkhanathI vizvasena sudhInA kSatrapa zAsako vize vigate varNana karatI veLAe A rAjAonI sAlavArInI carcA paNa karI che ane kayAM kayAM varSonA sikkA maLyA nathI te paNa noMdhyuM che. jo ke emaNe For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ApelI sAlavArI varSavAra nathI; paraMtu je te rAjAnI upalI ane nIcalI jJAta maryAdA sUcavI che. te pachI dha kanaoNlaji oNva dha vesTarna kSatrapsa' (vidyA, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, 1956, varSa 1, aMka 1) nAmanA lekhamAM hariprasAda zAstrIe koSTaka svarUpe kSatraponI sAlavArI ApI che. emaNe paNa je te rAjAnA AraMbha ane aMtanAM varSono nirdeza ApI lekhAMte khUTatAM varSonI yAdI ApI che. tyAra pachI A graMthalekhake "pazcimI kSatraponI sAlavArI" nAmanA lekhamAM (juo : svAdhyAya, varSa 5, aMka 4, 1968, pRSTha 478thI 498) varSavAra kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ubhayanA saMdarbhamAM vigate sAlavArI koSTakarUpe ApI che, jenuM vigate varNana A graMthamAM pariziSTa ramAM prastuta karyuM che. A pariziSTamAM A lekhake zaka varSa 101thI AraMbhI zaka varSa 337 sudhInA pratyeka varSanA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA sikkAonI vistRta yAdI ApI che ane pratyeka varSanA sikkA sAthe repsananA keTalaoNgamAMno kramAMka ane saMdarbha vigato paNa noMdhI che. te sAthe te te varSano sikko kyA nidhimAM che ke kayA saMgrahamAMno che tenI mAhitI paNa ApI che. mAtra A lekhake joyelA saMgrahAlayamAMnA ane aMgata saMgrahamAMnA sikkAonA saMdarbhe A sUci che. A sivAya kSatrapa sikkAo koI saMgrahAlayamAM ke aMgata saMgrahamAM hoya to tenI vigata ahIM ApI zakAI nathI. pariziSTa pamAM jaNAvyA mujaba zaka saMvatano pravartaka kArdamaka zAkhAno rAjA cASTana hato. tethI kSaharAta zAkhAnA rAjAoe, khAsa to nahapAne potAnA lekhomAM rAjakAlanAM varSono viniyoga karyo hato. prakaraNa 11mAM darzAvyA mujaba sAmAnyata: kSatrapAdano adhikAra mahAkSatrapapadanAM aMtima varSomAM je te yuvarAjane prApta thayo hato. AthI kSatrapapadanA adhikArI yuvarAjoe rAjAkSatrapa tarIke taiyAra karAvelA sikkAomAMnAM nirdiSTa varSa saLaMga kramamAM nathI. vaLI A rAjAonA amalanAM aMtima varSamAM keTalAka samayanA mAtra kSatrapa tarIkenA, to te pachInA keTalAka samayanA kevaLa mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA ja saMprApta thayA che. AthI ahIM to mAtra mahAkSatrapapadanA adhikRta rAjAoe taiyAra karAvelA sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM aprApya varSonI vigato prastuta karI che. hA, je samayanA phakta kSatrapa sikkAonI praNAli jovI prApta thaI che. teno jo ke samAveza karyo che. zilAlekho ane sikkAlekhonA saMdarbhe je varSo aprApya che te atre darzAvyAM che. : zaka saMvatanAM khUTatAM varSa 1thI 10 221thI 226 12thI 11 233 pa3thI 71 248 73thI 100 250-51 108 255-69 121 275-79 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa traNa 45 303 123. 129 307-09 311 143 148-49 317-18 159 321-332 334-336 192-93 202-03 208 218-19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zaka prajA : bhAratamAM AgamananI bhUmikA ghaNA dIrghakAlathI zaka prajA ApaNA rASTranA itihAsamAM jJAta che. ApaNA pUrvakAlanAM saMskRta sAhityamAM yavano(grIko)nI sAthe vAraMvAra zaka-pahvavono nirdeza jovA maLe che; paraMtu sAhityikasAmagrInA prAsaMgika ullekho uparathI A prajAnA sarvAMgINa itihAsa vize pUratI mAhitI prApta thaI zakatI nathI. AthI ApaNA rASTranA pUrvakAlIna saMskRta graMthomAM zakonA ullekha jovA prApta thatA hovA chatAMya emanA mULa vatana vizenI ane ApaNa bhUmimAM thayelA emanAM AgamananI tavArIkha mATe ApaNe mukhyatve grIka tathA cInI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA ahevAlo upara ane A prajAnA zAsakavarge kotarAvelA zilAlekho tathA taiyAra karAvelA sikkAo upara vizeSa AdhAra rAkhavo rahe che. prakaraNa traNa IsvI pUrva 185nA arasAmAM maurya sAmrAjyano asta thatAM ane anugAmI rAjavaMzamAMthI koI zaktisaMpanna sAmrAjya astitvamAM na hovAne pariNAme paradezI AkramaNakAro sAru ApaNI bhUmimAM pravezavAnAM dvAra punaH khullAM thayAM. videzI evA prastuta AkramaNakAromAM zakaprajAthI khyAta Akramakono paNa samAveza thAya che. zaka prajAnA AkrAMtAoe ApaNA dezanA uttara-pazcima pradezomAMnA yavanone harAvI, te vistAramAM sattA sthApI, jenI carcA A prakaraNamAM aMtabhAge karI che. A zakoe yavanone to ApaNA dezamAM parAjita karyA ja, paNa emane emanA mULa vatana bAhnikamAM paNa harAvI, tyAMthI temane sthaLAMtara karavAnI pharaja pADelI. zakoe parlavadeza (pArthiA) para dhasAro karI parlava rAjAone paNa harAvelA. Ama jagatanA itihAsamAM A zakaprajA ghaNA pUrvakAlathI jJAta hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. A prakaraNamAM AthI ApaNe zakaprajAnuM mULa vatana kyAM hatuM, kAM kAraNosara temane mULa vatana choDavuM paDyuM, bhaTakatAM bhaTakatAM teo ApaNA dezamAM kyAMthI praveza pAmyA, emaNe rAjakIya dRSTie prAraMbhika kArakirdI kevI rIte kyAMthI zarU karI ityAdi savAlo sahaja rIte upasthita thAya te svAbhAvika hoI ahIM ApaNe te bAbate vigate vizleSaNa karavAno upakrama rAkhyo che. zakaprajAno prAraMbhika nirdeza itihAsanI tavArIkhamAM zakaprajAno pahelaprathama ullekha mAda athavA midI (medes) lokonA saMdarbhamAM jovA maLe che. mAda loko bhAropIya hatA. aitihAsika rIte teo zako ane IrAnIonA mizraNavALA hatA. IsvI pUrve 1000nA arasAmAM esIriyAmAM teo rahetA hatA. IsvIpUrva AThamI sadImAM temaNe mIDiyAmAM sAmrAjya sthApyuM hatuM. akabatAnA (ecbatana hAlanuM hamadAna, IrAna) emanI rAjadhAnI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa traNa mAda lokoe IsvI 612mAM sIthiyanonA sahakArathI nineveha jItI esIriyAnA sAmrAjyano uttara ane pUrva bhAga kabaje karyo hato. A lokoe pachInA samaye sIthiyano u52 paNa ANa pravartAvI hatI. hakhAmanI (achaemenid)` vaMzanA IrAnI sAmrAjyanA pahelA rAjA kurue (cyrus) (IsvIpUrva 558-530) zako upara varcasva jamAvyAno ullekha thayelo che. herodotanuM (pracalita uccAra heroDoTasa-Herodotus che) vidhAna kaMIka AvI ja hakIkata darzAve che : dArayanA (mULamAM dArayavahuSa che ane aMgrejImAM Darius) samaya (IsvIpUrva 522thI 486) pahelAM mAda deza (media)nA lokone jItI zakoe eziyA upara prabhutva prasthApita karyuM hatuM . 47 purAvazeSIya sAdhanomAM zakono pahelavahelo ullekha dArayanA lekhomAM jovA maLe che. dArayanA ane enA anugAmI khyayArSAnA (xerxes) eka eka lekhamAM zakaprajAnAM traNa jUthono spaSTa nirdeza che. prastuta purAvazeSIya pramANa dhyAnamAM letAM kahI zakAya ke zakaprajA izupUrvenI chaThThI-pAMcamI sadI pahelAM vidyamAna hatI. kuru ane mAda lokonI sAthenA saMdarbhamAM avaloktAM temane IsvIpUrva sAtamI-chaThThI sadImAM vidyamAna hovAnuM paNa sUcavI zakAya. repsana dArayanA lekhamAM nirdiSTa zakonAM traNa jUtho IsvIpUrva AThamI sadImAM astitvamAM hatAM ema noMdhe che. A dRSTie zakone IsvIpUrve AThamI-sAtamI sadImAM vidyamAna hovAnI bAbata asthAne nathI11. zakonI traNa vasAhato dArayanA nakSa-I-rustamanA lekhamAM zakaprajAnAM traNa jUthono nirdeza thayelo che : (1) sakA tigrakhaudA, (2) sakA haumavarka ane (3) sakA taradarayA12. sakA tigrakhaudA (pointed cappedskythian)thI oLakhAtA loko aNIdAra TopI paheratA hatA. A loko siradarayA nadIne kAMThe rahetA hatA ane paDozanA bAhlika dezanA sainiko sAthe lazkaramAM kAma karatA hatA. sA haumavarkAthI (amyrgian skythian)oLakhAtA loko IrAna dezanA vaMgiyAnA pradezamAM rahetA hatA. A pradeza helamaMda nadInA kAMThA upara Avelo hato. anukAlamAM A pradeza 'sakasthAna' tarIke oLakhAyo. IrAnIo tene 'sijistAna' kahetA. hAla te 'sIstAna'thI prasiddha che. vartamAne A pradeza IrAna ane aphaghAnistAnanA baMne dezomAM vibhAjita cheM13. sakA tarada2yAthI oLakhAtA zako yuropIya hatA. teo kALA samudranI uttare rahetA hatA. teo zakA tigrakhaudAnI jema aNIdAra TopI paheratA hatA4. A varNana uparathI sUcita thAya che ke zakonuM mULa nivAsasthAna madhya eziyAnA lAMbA vistRta paTamAM visteraluM hatuM 5. zakajAti pracalita zabda 'zaka'nA mULa srotane jANavA kAje koI cokkasa sAdhana upalabdha nathI. asalamAM A jAti A nAme oLakhAtI hatI ke kema te vize koI khulAso maLato nathI. paraMtu For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ApaNA deza upara madhya eziyAnA vistAramAMthI emanAM je AkramaNo thayAM, khAsa karIne IsvIpUrva 140thI 130nA samayagALAmAM, temanA mATe ApaNA pUrvakAlanA adhyetAoe "zaka' zabda prayojelo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. grIka ane romIya lekhako A mATe "sIthiyana' zabdano prayoga kare che. IrAnIo temane "saka' nAmathI oLakhatA hatA. jayAre cInI tavArIkhakAroe "se' (se), "saI" (sai), 'seka' (sek) athavA "soka' (sok) ke "su' (su) evAM vividha nAmollekha karelA che8. zakone manusmRtie 'dasya' nAmathI oLakhAvyA che9. zakone ApaNI bhUmimAM kayA kAraNothI AvavuM paDyuM tenI bhUmikArUpe madhya eziyAmAM thayelI UthalapAthalanI samIkSA prastuta karavI ahIM Avazyaka che. madhya eziyAmAM UthalapAthala0 pUrva samayamAM tAtAra nAmanI jAti cInanI uttare rahetI hatI, jeNe ghaNIvAra cIna upara AkramaNa karelAM. A jAtine cInanA tavArIkhanazo 'hiyaMganu21 nAmathI oLakhAve che. ApaNe temane hUNa' nAmathI oLakhIe chIe. A hUNa lokonA vAraMvAranA humalAthI parezAna thayelA cInI lokoe IsvIpUrva 246thI IsvIpUrva 210 sudhInA samayagALAmAM cInanA uttara bhAgamAM-samudrakinArAthI kAnasU prAMta sudhI 4-eka mahAkAya dIvAla bAMdhelI. chatAMya humalA cAlu rahyA hatA, paNa hana rAjayanA rAjA haveI-ti (Havel-Ti)nA samayamAM (IsvIpUrva 194179) temanA humalA niSphaLa jatAM, hUNone ahIMthI sthaLAMtara karavAnI pharaja paDI hatI. AthI teo kAnasU prAMtanA vAyavya pradeza tarapha pahoMcyA, jayAM tyAre 'tAhiyA'29 ane yuecI30 jAtinA loko rahetA hatA. tAhiyA loko zAMticAhaka hatA", jyAre yuecI prajA laDAyaka svabhAvanI hatI. zi-ki ane sIena-hana-sunanA AdhAre jANavA maLe che ke hUNa rAjA ci-yue yuecaone harAvyA, tethI teo svapradeza choDI, thI-Ana-zAna parvatamALAnI dakSiNe AvelA pradezamAM pazcima tarapha vaLyA, IsvIpUrva 176mAM 5. IsvIpUrva 165mAM hUNa saradAra lAo-cAMgUe pharIthI yuecI loko sAthe laDAI karI, temane harAvyA ane nasADI mUkyA. tethI yuecao Ili nadInA pradezamAM (je have kulajA TekarIo uparathI kulajA pradezanA nAmathI oLakhAya che) AvIne vasyA. A pradezamAM '-suna' nAmanI jAti rahetI hatI. yuecIoe A lokone harAvyA. A athaDAmaNamAM vusuna jAtino saradAra mAryo gayo, paNa A pradeza nAno hovAthI yuecaomAMthI thoDA ahIM sthAyI thayA ane bAkInA pazcima bAjue Issikakula sarovara tarapha AgaLa vadhyA. ahIMthI yuecI be zAkhAmAM vibhAjita thayA : (1) nAnA yuecI ane (2) moTA yuecI39. nAnA yuesI loko dakSiNa tarapha gayA ane tibattanI sarahade vasyA. moTA yuecao pazcima tarapha AgaLa vadhI siradarayA11 nadIne kinAre pahoMcyA. A pradezamAM saI(zaka) loko rahetA hatA, je dArayanA zailalekha anusAra sakA tigrakhaudA nAmathI jJAta hatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa traNa 49 (juo agAu pRSTha 47). A saI lokono nAyaka 'saI-vAMga' nAme oLakhAto hato. A saI-vAMgara upara moTA yuecIoe humalo karyo. AthI svarakSaNArthe saI-vAMga, badhAMne vikherI, pote kipina-kApiza43 nAmanA dezamAM cAlyo gayo4. jyAre saI lokomAMthI keTalAka bAhlika pa tarapha gayA ane keTalAka yuecIo sAthe bhaLI gayA. yuecIo ahIM sthira thayA paNa emanA kamanasIbe emane sthaLAMtara karavAnI paristhiti udbhavI. yuecIone vu-suna sAthe athaDAmaNamAM AvavuM paDeluM, jemAM vu-suna rAjA mAryo gayelo je ApaNe agAu avalokyuM che. A rAjAnA anAtha putrane yuecInA kaTTara duzmana hUNoe dattaka laI cheryo. uMmaralAyaka thatAM dattaka putre hUNonA sahakArathI vigata pitAnA duzmano (moTA yuecIo) u52 IsvIpUrva 160mAM humalo karyo. ghamasANa yuddha thayuM. hUNoe yuecIone harAvI nasADI mUkyA eTale agAu saI lokone harAvI pacAvI pADelo pradeza A hArathI gumAvavo paDyo. ahIMthI yuecIo dakSiNa tarapha prayANa karI AmUdarayAnI khINamAM (je pradeza sugdhapura nAme oLakhAto hato tyAM) AvIne vasyA ane sthira thayA. paraMtu A pradeza bAlika pradeza karatAM ocho phaLadrupa hato. AthI yuecI loko A pradeza choDIne bAhlika dezamAM AvyAM. A samaye ahIM zako rahetA hatA. yuecIonA AkramaNane-Agamanane kAraNe zaka prajAne bAhlika dezamAMthI sthaLAMtara karavAnI pharaja paDI. zaka loko pazcima tarapha khasyA ane parlava dezamAM pahoMcyA. te vakhate tyAM phrAvata 2jo (IsvIpUrve 138-128) ane ArtabAna 1lo (IsvIpUrve 128-123) rAjya karatA hatA. temaNe zakono sAmano karyo paNa hAryA ane mAryA gayA; paraMtu mithadAta 2jAe (IsvIpUrva 123thI 88) zaka lokone harAvyA. AthI zakone punazca te pradeza choDIne marva deza javuM paDyuM ane tyAMthI dakSiNa tarapha khasIne herAta thaI, helamaMda nadInA kAMThe AvelA sIstAnamAM vasavuM paDyuM. te vakhate tyAM zakonI bIjI ToLI rahetI hatI, je 'sakA haumavarkA' tarIke jANItI hatI. AthI AgaMtuka zaka loko sthAnika zaka prajA sAthe bhaLI gayA. 57 agAu avalokyuM tema yuecInA dabANane kAraNe saI-vAMga kipina-kApiza gayo ane saI loko veravikhera thaI gayA. A saI(zaka) loko yavanone anusaratA svAta khINa ane paMjAba thaI bhAratamAM pravezyA hovAnuM vidvAno mAne che. to sIstAnavALA zaka loko kaMdahAra thaI, bolanaghATanA mArgethI brAhaI parvatane vIMdhIne siMdhu nadInA vistAramAM AvI vasyA. A sthaLa hindI-zakasthAna tarIke oLakhAyuM. pAdanoMdha 1. ApaNA dezamAM sattArUDha thayelA zako ane patnavo sAmAnyataH zaka-pahlava evA saMyukta nAmathI jJAta che; kema ke temAMnA zaka ane padghava rAjAone cokkasa rIte te jAtinA nAmathI oLakhavA-oLakhAvavA muzkela che. AthI lagabhaga badhA itihAsakAro A baMne prajAne saMyukta nAme ja oLakhAve che; paraMtu sTena kono A pracalita paraMparAno virodha karatAM jaNAve che ke zarUAtanA tabakke A baMne prajA ekabIjAnI kaTTara duzmana hatI. (juo jarA~eso., 1932, pRSTha 955). A sAcuM che, paraMtu mizradAta rajAnA samayathI A baMne jAtio ekabIjAmAM bhaLI gayelI che tenI noMdha sTena konoe For Personal & Private Use Only

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ChO lIdhI nathI. 2. rAmAyaNa : bAlakAMDa, 54, 21, 22; kiSkindhAkAMDa, 43, 12; mahAbhArata : sabhAparva, 35, 17; anuzAsanaparva 68, 21; ane manusmRti : 10, 43-44 vagere. 3. zrvara, hiesi., pu.1, pR.104. esIriyA e taigarisa nadInA uparavAsamAM pazcima eziyAmAM AveluM pUrvakAlIna sAmrAjya che. enI rAjadhAnI nineveha che. isu pUrvenI sAtamI sadImAM A sAmrAjya bhAratathI ijipta sudhI ane eziyA mAInora sudhI vistareluM hatuM. mIDiyA e pUrvakAlIna za che, je AjanA pazcimottara IrAnano bhAga che. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 4. ejana, pRSTha 104. 5. A graMthamAM samAviSTa videzI vizeSanAmo aMgrejImAM kaMIka judI rIte lakhAya che; paraMtu ApaNe e nAmonI, mULa uccArAnusA2 jaNAtI, joDaNI ApavAno prayatna karyo che;- mukhyatve dinezacaMdra sarakAranA graMtha sII ane jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAranA graMtha bhAirU., bhAga 1-2nA AdhAre. dA.ta. Darius aMgrejImAM, mULamAM dArayavahuSa ane gujarAtImAM dAraya. aMgrejImAM Herodotus ane gujarAtImAM herodota. 6. repsana, bekTriA, pRSTha 9, insAiklapIDiA briTAnikA, (have pachI insDa. briTA.) pu.7, pRSTha 707-708. 7. repsana, pu. 1, pra. 104. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa e che ke zako bhaTakatI jAtinA loko hatA ane yuecIonA dabANane kAraNe temane vAraMvAra sthaLAMtara karavAnI pharaja paDelI. eTale zakya che ke zako je pradezamAM jatA te pradezanA loko sAthe athaDAmaNamAM AvatA. kyAreka teo jItatA, to kyAreka teono parAjaya thato. padbhava rAjAo(mithradAta 1lo, phrAvata 2jo, ArtabAna vagere)ne zakoe harAvelA, paNa A ja jAtinA midAta 2jAe zako upara prabhutva prApta kareluM te ghaTanA jANItI che. 8. sarakAra, sIi. pRSTha 4-11. dArayanA behispUna, pa2sIpolisa, hamadana ane nakSa-I-rustamanA lekhomAM zakono sAmAnya ullekha che. A badhAM sthaLa IrAnamAM AvelAM che. 9. dArayanA nakSa-I-rustamanA ane kSayArSAnA (mULamAM yArSA che) parasIpolisanA lekhamAM. (juo sarakAra, sIi., pR. 9-13) 10. repsana, krehii., pRSTha 565, jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, bhAIrU., pRSTha 406. 11. sAhityika ullekho ane herodotanI noMdhone AdhAre satyazrAva zakone IsvI pUrva 2400nA arasAmAM mUke che. (juo satyazrAva, pR. 4). jo ke A vidhAna atizayokti bhareluM jaNAya che. 12. repsana, krehii., pu.1, pRSTha 564-65; sTena kono, kaoNii., pu. 2, bhA. 1, prastAvanA, pRSTha 1718; harjhaphsa, Asai., memoyarsa, naM. 34, pRSTha 4-5; sarakAra, eiyu., pRSTha 120; vidyAlaMkAra, bhAIrU., pRSTha 406., vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA, pRSTha 3. 13. insA. briTA., pu.24, pRSTha 592. 14. harjhaphTa, Asai., memoyarsa, naM. 34, pRSTha 4-5. 15. zakonI A traNeya ToLIno paheraveza eka sarakho hato. teo rUvAMTIvALo lAMbo koTa ane pahoLo rUvAMTIvALo pAyajAmo tathA kAna tema ja gAlane DhAMkatI-rakSatI TopI paheratA hatA. sakA tigrakhaudA ane sakA taradarayA khUba ja aNIdAra TopI paheratA jyAre sakA haumavarka ochI aNIdAra TopI paheratA. temano paheraveza ThaMDA pradezane mATe anukULa hato. (harjha, ejana, pRSTha 4-5). 16. Dabalyu. Dabalyu. TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 79. 'zaka' zabda sIthiyanonI aneka ToLImAMnI eka ToLInuM nAma hatuM. paNa grIka ane romIya lekhakoe badhI ja sIthiyana ToLIo mATe zithila arthamAM 'zaka' For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa traNa 51 zabdanA prayogano viniyoga karyo hato. (juo rolinasana bekTriA, pRSTha 14, pAdanoMdha 2). brebo (IsvIpUrva 63) sakaraulI (sacarauli)ne ane Tomasa (IsvIpUrva 59thI IsvI 17nI vacce) sakarAvuca (sacarauace)ne sIthiyana mAne che. ane anukrame asI (asii)ne asiyAnI (asiani)ne sIthiyanonI ToLImAMnI eka ToLI gaNe che (juo nArAyaNa, dha inDo-grIksa, oNksapharDa, 1957, pRSTha 131-132). 17. hoDIvAlA, pAei., pRSTha 124. zakone IrAnIo "dAha (dAsa, dasyu) evA nAmathI saMbodhatA. A 'dAha' lokonuM nivAsasthAna turAna hatuM (juo vidyAlaMkAra, bhAI3, pRSTha 406). 18. InsA. briTA., pR. 24, pRSTha 23., rolinasana, uparyukta, pRSTha 94. 19. manusmRti, 10, 44-45. zakono nirdeza yavano-padvavonI sAthe che. A traNeya vAstu ahIM 'dasya zabda prayojyo che. dAha-dAsa-dasya lagabhaga samAnArtha hatA e bAbata ahIM noMdhavI rahI. 20. IsvIpUrva 2jI-3jI sadImAM madhya eziyAmAM je athaDAmaNo thaI, teno AdhAra mukhyatve cInI itihAsakAronI noMdha che : zi-ki (shiki) IsvIpUrva 99; enAlsa oNva dha pharsTa hana DAyanesTI(Tsien-Han-Shu) IsvI 24; vagere. A baMne noMdhano mukhya srota IsvIpUrva 135mAM cInanA rAjA vR-ti (Wu-Ti)e hiyaMganunA AkramaNa sAme yuecaono sahakAra saMprApta karavA mokalelA rAjadUta cAMkIna (Ghang-Kien)nA ahevAla che. IsvIpUrva 135mAM yuecaonA pradezanI mulAkAte javA nIkaLelA A rAjadUtane hiyaMganuoe lagabhaga daza varSa sudhI aTakamAM lIdho hato. AthI IsvIpUrva 125mAM eNe potAno ahevAla suparata karyo hato (smitha, jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 18-19). cInI ahevAlanA avataraNonA abhyAsa sAru juo : nArAyaNa, dha inDo grIksa, pRSTha 129-131. 21. "hiyaMganu" (Hiungnu) jAtinuM mULanAma hiyUna-yu (Hiun-Yu) hatuM; paNa anukAlamAM hiyena-yuna (Hien-Yun) thayuM ane aMte 'hiyaMganuM' mAM sthira thayuM. A badhAM 'hUNa" zabdanAM vividha nAmAbhidhAna hatAM (juo ie., pu. 48, pRSTha 70). IsvIpUrva trIjI sadInA aMtamAM hiyaMganuonuM sAmrAjya cInanI dIvAlathI kAspiyana samudra sudhI vistRta hatuM. ane IsvInI pahelI sadInA aMtamAM tUTI paDyuM. teo turkI hatA (insA. briTA., pU.13, pRSTha 540). 22. saMskRtamAM "hUNa', aMgrejImAM "hana", IrAnImAM 'hunu ane cInamAM 'hiyaMganure." A badhAM pada eka ja jAti kAje prayojAyelAM bhinna nAmAMtaro che (TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 276 ane vidyAlaMkAra, bhAIpha. pRSTha 746). 23. hUNa prajAno itihAsa traNa bhAgamAM vibhAjita che : cInAI hUNa, IrAnI hUNa ane bhAratIya hUNa. teo bhAratamAM AvyA te pUrve keTalAka temane moMgola kahetA; to keTalAka tAtaMra kahetA, vaLI keTalAka anya jAtinA che evuM mAnatA. (ke.ha.dhruva, eziyAI hUNo, 1921, pRSTha 3), hUNonA cAra vibhAga vAte juo : insA.briTA., pU.13, pRSTha 932. 24. kAna sU prAMtane cInI itihAsakAro 'tA hiyA' tarIke oLakhAve che. sAtamI sadImAM yuAna zvAMge tene "hulo' tarIke oLakhAvyA che. araba lekhakoe tene "tukhAristAna' evuM nAma ApyuM. hAla te cInI turkastAna'nA nAme oLakhAya che (vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA, pRSTha 13 uparanI noMdha). 25. repsana, hiI, pu. 1, pRSTha 1 ane 565. A dIvAla 98deg pUrva rekhAMzathI 120deg pUrva rekhAMza sudhI vistArelI hatI (insA.briTA., pU.6, pRSTha 169, 194). 26. IsvIpUrva 7mI sadImAM cInanuM sAmrAjya 7 rAjayomAM vibhAjita hatuM. zu (Tshu), cAu (Chao), vei (Wei), hana (Han), yena-cAu (Yen-Cha0), sI (Tsi), ane sIna (Tsin). AmAMthI yena For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta cAle ane strInanAM rAjaya hiyaMganunAM paDozI hatAM. IsvIpUrva 321 ane IsvIpUrve 318mAM A rAjyomAMnAM prathama cha rAjyoe hiyaMganunI netAgIrI heThaLa sIna rAjaya upara humalo karyo hato, paNa sIna rAjayanI jIta thaI ane zi-huaMga-tI teno pahelo rAjA thayo, IsvIpUrva 246, (ie., pu. 48, pRSTha 70, 1919). 27. ie., pu. 48, 1919, pRSTha 70 ane insA.briTA., pU.6, pRSTha 194. 28. hUNonAM sthaLAMtarano je pravAha zarU thayo, tenA AghAta-pratyAghAta bahu moTA paDyA ane tenAM mojAM cheka bhAratanA uttara kinAre athaDAtAM ApaNI bhUmi paNa AkramaNone bhoga banyuM. 29. A jAtinA be prakAra jANavAmAM che : eka kAnasU prAMtanA ane bIjA bAhnikanA. cInI anukRtio A baMnene bhinna gaNe che, paraMtu mArkavArTa ane phreke jevA vidvAna A baMnene eka ja gaNe che. sTena kono A mata svIkAre che. baMne jAti zAMti cAhaka hatI. (morI., 1921, pRSTha 464). 30. Yueh-Chi e hAlamAM pracalita aMgrejI rUpa che. jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAre enuM "yuI-zi' evuM rUpa prayojeluM che (bhAIrU, prakaraNa 19). "uSi", "yuzi', "yUci' jevAM rUpAMtara gujarAtImAM prayojAya che (vijayendrasUri, rudradAmAM, pRSTha 7). A jAti ApaNA pUrvakAlIna graMthomAM 'RSika jAti' tarike jANItI hatI (jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, bhArata bhUmi aura usake nivAsI, 1932, pRSTha 313-315). 31. rasana, kehiI, pu. 1, pRSTha pa66 ane sTena kono, mori., 1921, pRSTha 464. 32. vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA, pRSTha 7-8 ane mori., pRSTha 464. 33. sudhAkara, pRSTha 12. 34. yuecInA mULa pradeza vize smithanI noMdha A prakAranI che : teo IsvIpUrva 165mAM sena-loMga (Tsenn-Loang) pradeza ane kiliyana (ki-lein) parvatanI vacce athavA cInI turkastAnanI tiena cAna Tien-Chan athavA Richthofen) TekarIomAM rahetA hatA (jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 19). 35. sTeno kono, kaoNiI, pu.2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 19-20. TArga A banAvane IsvIpUrva 176-174nI vacce mUke che (jhIbei., pRSTha 276). smitha te ghaTanAne IsvIpUrva 165mAM mUke che (juo pAdanoMdha 34 ane ahiI., pRSTha 263). phreMke A banAvane IsvIpUrva 174thI 160nI vacce mUke che. (mitha, ejana, pRSTha 263). nArAyaNa vaLI A ghaTanAne be tabakkAmAM vibhAjita karI prathama banAvane IsvIpUrva 160mAM ane bIjAne IsvIpUrva 129-28mAM mUke che (dha inDo grIksa, pRSTha 133 ane pAdanoMdha 2). cInI dastAvejo A ghaTanAnA samaya bAbate kazuM noMdhatA nathI, paNa mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAve che ke A banAva ci, rAjAnA rAjyakALa (IsvIpUrva 176-161) daramyAna banyo hato (mekagavarna, aesee., pRSTha 475). 36. resana, kehiI., pU.1, pRSTha 459 ane 565; rolInasana, bekTriyA, pRSTha 94. 37. ejana, pRSTha pa65. 38. yarna, grIbei., pRSTha 276; repsana, kaeNhiI., pU.1, pRSTha 565, zi-kinA prakaraNa 123mAM cAMgakInanI noMdha yuecI-yusuna vaccenI athaDAmaNono nirdeza karatI nathI. tenI noMdha mujaba hUNonA humalAthI yuecao sIdhA ja (IlinA pradezamAM gayA vinA ja) siradarayAnA pradezamAM pahoMcyA (sudhAkara, pRSTha 11-12). jyAre sIana-hana-zu A banAvano ullekha kare che paNa athaDAmaNa IlinA pradezamAM nahIM paraMtu moMgoliyAmAM thaI ema noMdhe che (mekagavarna, aesee., pRSTha 476). AthI TArna ane bIjA vidvAno evI dalIla kare che ke sAdhanasAmagrI nsIana-hana-zunA lekhaka (IsvI 24) pAse hatI te zikinA lekhaka (IsvIparva 89) pAse na hatI. (grIbei., pRSTha 513). 39. resana, kehiI, pu.1, pR. pa65. paNa AMga-kinanI noMdha spaSTa lakhe che ke yuecInA bhAgalA, hUNoe For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa traNa 53 temane harAvyA pachI ane pazcima tarapha sthaLAMtara karatA pahelAM, pADyA hatA (sudhAkara, pRSTha 11). 40. nAnA yuecI lokone keTalAka 'tocArI' sAthe sarakhAve che (TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 110). to keTalAka samagra yuecI jAtine 'tocArI' sAthe sarakhAve che (nArAyaNa, dha inDo grIksa, pRSTha 132). tocArI e ja sIthiyana che ema phona loI jhenda noMdhe che (sIpI., pRSTha 44-47). jo ke nArAyaNa A vize zaMkA darzAve che (sadara, pRSTha 132-133); kAraNa ke tocArI athavA yuecI e to zaka lokonA kaTTara duzmano hatA je zakone sIthiyana tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. tocArI zaka bhASA bolatA tethI zaka hatA ema kahI nahIM zakAya, kAraNa barbara AkramaNakAro vAranavAra je pradezamAM jatA ane vasatA te pradezanI bhASA zIkhI letA hatA (ejana). 41. grIka ane leTInamAM A nadIne kasArTasa (Jaxartes) kahe che. arabImAM enA mATe "saihUna' zabda nirdiSTa che. enuM saMskRta rUpa "rasA" athavA "rahA' hatuM. 42. saI eTale saka ane vAMga (e cInI bhASAno zabda che) eTale svAmI, saradAra, rAjA (rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 431-32). AthI "saI-vAMga" eTale saka rAjA, saka saradAra, saka muruDa ke saka svAmI- A badhAM zabdAMtaro eka ja arthavAcaka che. (vijayendrasUri, rudradAmAM, pRSTha 12). ApaNI paraMparA ane praNAlikA mujaba sAI-vAMga zaka-muruDa tarIke jANItA hatA. (mori., pRSTha 464). sTena kono paNa A mata svIkAre che. (kaoNII., 5.2, bhAga 1 prastAvanA pRSTha 20). pheMke (sudhAkara, pRSTha 12) ane TArna (grIbei, pRSTha 276, pAdanoMdha 4) paNa konono mata svIkAre che. 43. levI zarUAtamAM kipinane kAzmIra sAthe sarakhAve che, paNa sTena kono teno virodha kare che (ei., 5. 14, pRSTha 291) ane kipinane kApiza sAthe sarakhAve che (sadara, pRSTha 290; jaraoNeso, 1912, pRSTha 684 ane 1913, pRSTha 1058). levI pachIthI kipinane kApiza tarIke oLakhAve che, jenI sAthe smitha saMmata thAya che (jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 28, pAdanoMdha 2). repsana paNa kipinane kapiza (kAphiristAna) mAne che (krahiI, pu. 1, puSTha pa67). cInI lekhako kipinane kAbUlathI bhinna mAne che. (jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 28, pAdanoMdha 2). kaniMgahama kAphiristAnane kApizano eka bhAga gaNe che (ejana, pRSTha 18). gAMdhAra e kipinano pUrva taraphano pradeza hato ema rAyacaudharI noMdhe che (pohieI, pRSTha 432). kaNiSkanA darabAramAM eka cInI rAjAne bAnamAM pakaDI rAkhavAmAM Avyo hato. teNe vasaMta ane zarada gAMdhAramAM, unALo kApizamAM ane ziyALo bhAratamAM gALyo hato (hiI.,pRSTha papapa ane eiyu, pRSTha 142 pAdanoMdha 1). vadhu vigato vAstu juo yarna, grIbei., pariziSTa 9, pRSTha 469-70. 44. nArAyaNa, dha InDo grIksa, pRSTha 134; TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 277; vulI (Wylie) noTsa oNna dha vesTarna rijiyansa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 34. 45. AmUdarayA nadInI dakSiNe Avelo A deza hAla aphaghAnistAnamAM che. zakoe potAnA dezAMtaraMgamanamAM bAliMka deza jItelo ke kema te prazna che (sudhAkara, pRSTha 16). TAne zakonI bAlika uparanI caDAIne kalpita kathA lekhe che (grIbei., pRSTha 283). kaherI lekhanA AdhAre bhAratIya vidvAno zakone bAhnika sAthe saMlagnita kare che. A lekhamAM ullikhita "kAImaka' zabda IrAnamAM AvelI kArdama nadI uparathI udbhavyo hovAnuM svIkArIne, rAmAyaNanA uttarakAMDamAMnA kArdamaka rAjAone bAhika sAthe sarakhAve che (rAyacaudharI, poliei., pRSTha 437, pAdanoMdha 2). rolinasana (bekTriA, pRSTha 13) jasTInanA AdhAre bAhnikanuM sAmrAjya sAthiyanoe sthApyuM hatuM evI noMdha Ape che. zako bAhnika AvI vasyA, jethI bAlikanA yavana rAjayano aMta Avyo (caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha 50). 46. phona lohuIjhenDa, sIpI., pRSTha 30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 47. sudhAkara, pRSTha 11 ane 19. 48. yarna, grIbei., pRSTha 276, pAdanoMdha 5. paNa smitha ane levI A banAvane IsvIpUrva 140mAM hovAno mata vyakta kare che (jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 27, pAdanoMdha 1). 49. nArAyaNa, dha inDo grIksa, pRSTha 134. 50. yarna, grIbei., pRSTha 276-77. 51. AmUdarayA nadInA nAmanAM grIka ane laeNTIna rUpa oksasa (oxus) che. arabImAM tene jaina kahe che. saMskRtamAM te vaMsu-vasu nAmathI khyAta che. 52. pUrvakAlIna su(sogdiana)no pradeza hAlanA samarakaMda ane bukhArA jillAnI bhUmi upara Avelo hato. A pradeza siradarayA ane AmUdarayA nadInI vacce Avelo che. yavanonA samaya daramyAna sugdha bAhnika dezanI sattAmAM Avelo hato (insA. briTA., . 25, pRSTha 345). 53. A pradezamAM tAhiyA (bAhikanA) loko rahetA hatA. A loko vepArI ane binalaDAyaka svabhAvanA hatA. AthI laDAyaka svabhAvanA yuecI lokoe temane sahelAIthI jItI lIdhA (smitha, jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 19 ane repsana, kehiI, pu. 1, pRSTha pa66). cAMga-kinanI noMdhamAM IsvIMpUrva 114 sudhImAM yuecao AmudarayAnI dakSiNe gayA hatA ke kema teno ullekha nathI. mAtra tAhiyAno pradeza meLavyo eTalo ja nirdeza jovo prApta thAya che (smitha, jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 20). 54. rolinasana, bekTriA, pRSTha 5. 55. kahevAya che ke yuecI prajAnuM A chelluM sthaLAMtara hatuM. yuecI loko bAhnikamAM sthira thayA ane zAMtipUrNa jIvana jIvavA lAgyA. yuecaoe bAhnika dezane pAMca rAjyomAM vaheMcyuM. emanAM pAMca rAjyo ane pAMca rAjadhAnIo mATe juoH smitha, jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 21 ane pAdanoMdha 13. pa6. ahIMthI zakonA thayelA sthaLAMtaranA pravAhane keTalAka vidvAno be vibhAgamAM vibhAjita kare che : eka pravAha marva, hekTompIlosa ane akabatAnA thaI mesopoTemiyA pahoMcyuM ane bIjo pravAha marvathI herAta ane sIstAna thaI bhAratabhUmimAM pahoMcyo (caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha 50; TArna, prasIDiMgsa oNva briTiza akaeNDami, 1930, pRSTha 117-118, dhIzamena, IrAna, 1954, pRSTha 249). 57. eTale prAcIna sakasthAna A pradeza IrAna ane aphaghAnistAna ema baMne dezomAM vaheMcAyelo che. zakasthAnanuM apara nAma dragiyAnA paNa che (InsA.viTA., pR. 24, pRSTha 592). 58. caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha 50 ane nArAyaNa dha inDo jhiksa, pRSTha 141. | kipinanA A saI rAjA vize khAsa mAhitI upalabdha nathI (caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha 51). keTalAka vidvAnonuM (jaraoNeso., 1913, pRSTha 635, pAdanoMdha 1 ane 2; TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 277-78; nArAyaNa, dha inDo grIksa, pRSTha 136 ane repsana, kaeNhii., pU.1, pRSTha pa63-64) ke AvA vikaTa ane nirjana pradezamAMthI pazaonAM ToLAM sAthe pasAra thavuM e koI paNa bhaTakatI ToLI vAte zakya nathI; paNa sTena konoe batAvI ApyuM che ke A pradeza ghaNA pUrva kALathI IsvInI chaThThI sadI sudhI vasavATa lAyaka hato (jaraoNeso., 1944). A mArge teo AgaLa vadhIne bhAratamAM AvyA hovAno saMbhava sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyae abhivyakta karyo che (sudhAkara, pRSTha 13). paNa TArna noMdhe che ke IsvIpUrvenI bIjI sadInA madhyamAM A kipina nAmanA pradezanuM astitva na hatuM (juo : grIbei., pRSTha 277; vigatavAra carcA vAste juo ejana, pariziSTa 9). 60. caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoI., pRSTha 50. jaina vADmayamAM saMgRhIta jaina AcArya kAlakanI kathA uparathI sUcita thAya che ke IsvIpUrva pahelI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM siMdhu dezamAM zakonI vasatI tema ja sattA rahelAM hatAM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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zaka prajAH bhAratamAM prAraMbhika kArakirdI gayA prakaraNamAM ApaNe avalokyuM ke madhya eziyAmAM thayelI keTalIka rAjakIya, kaho ke astitva saMgharSanI, UthalapAthalanA pariNAme tathA vividha prajAkIya jUthonAM jIvana TakAvI rAkhavAnA prayAsone kAraNe chevaTe sai-zaka prajA siMdhu nadInA vistAramAM AvI ane prAraMbhe tyAM vasI. prakaraNa cAra ApaNI bhUmi upara zaka ToLInA Agamanane kAraNe je keTalAka prazno udbhavyA temAM (1) zaka loko ApaNA dezamAM kayA mArge pravezyA, (2) teonAM Agamana, kaho ke AkramaNanI samayAvidha kaI hatI ane (3) ApaNI bhUmimAM sthira thayA pachI emanI prAraMbhika kArakirdI zI hatI jevI bAbatono samAveza thAya che. ahIM A praznone avalokIzuM. zaka prajAno ApaNI bhUmimAM praveza A prajA ApaNA dezamAM kyAre AvI ane kayA mArgethI AvI e vize ghaNAM matamatAMtaro che. upalabdha sAdhanasrotane AdhAre traNa mata vizeSarUpe dhyAnArha jaNAya che. : (1) samudramArge saurASTra vistAramAM praveza, (2) siMdhu nadI oLaMgIne siMdhamAM vasavATa ane (3) kAzmI2ne mArge paMjAba-kAzmIramAM sthAyI vAsa. samudramArge saurASTra vistAramAM praveza : jaina anuzrutio pArasakUlathI siMdhu nadI oLaMgIne jainAcArya kAlaka sAthe zaka senA surASTramAM AvI hovAnuM jaNAve che. siMdhuno eka artha samudra paNa che. AthI zaka prajA samudramArge sIdhI saurASTra bhUbhAgamAM AvI hovAno mata keTalAkano che N. paraMtu anya matAnusAra siMdhu deza tyajIne siMdhu nadI oLaMgIne zako saurASTramAM AvyA hovAno spaSTa nirdeza che. AthI ahIM siMdhu eTale e nAmanI nadI evo artha ja baMdha bese. vaLI jaina sAdhuo samudra oLaMge nahIM evo niSedha hato. ane zaka senA sAthe kAlakAcArya hatA. e uparathI paNa siMdhu eTale samudra nahIM paNa nadIvizeSano saMbhava sahaja jaNAya chepa. AthI zaka jAtinA loko samudramArge saurASTramAM AvyA hovAno tarka svIkArya jaNAto nathI. siMdhu nadI oLaMgIne siMdhamAM vasavATa : hamaNAM ja ApaNe noMdhyuM ke siMdhu eTale e nAmanI nadI evo artha vadhu yogya jaNAya che. ane tethI zakoe A nadI oLaMgIne siMdha pradezamAM vasavATa karyo hovAno saMbhava svIkArya jaNAya che. paraMtu teo ApaNA dezamAM kayA mArgethI praveza pAmyA te bAbata saMdigdha rahe che. A aMge eka evo mata pravarte che ke zako parlavonI jema eziyAnA jANItA mArge thaI kaMdahAra ane bolanaghATa dvArA brAhUI parvata oLaMgI siMdhamAM AvyA hoya. kAzmIra mArge ApaNA dezamAM : agAu avalokyuM ke yuecIonA dabANane kAraNe zaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta lokonI eka zAkhA dakSiNa dizAmAM AgaLa vadhI bipinamAM sthira thaI. ApaNe e paNa noMdhyuM ke cInI vRttAMto mujaba kipina e kAzmIra che ema sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyano mata che. AthI emanA mate zaka jAtinuM eka jUtha kAzmIra mArge ApaNI bhUmimAM pravezya ane kAzmIra-paMjAbamAM vasAhatI banyuM. paraMtu keTalAka vidvAno AthI viparIta mata dharAve che. temanA matAnusAra kAzmIranA nirjana mArge ApaNe tyAM pravezavuM zakya nathI". have sara orala sTeInanAM anveSaNoe puravAra karyuM che ke A pradeza cheka pUrvakAlathI IsvI chaThThI sadI sudhI vasatIyukta hato. AthI zaka prajA jevI rakhaDatI-bhaTakatI jAti sAru kAzmIra mArgethI pravezavuM azakya na hatuM. prastuta carcAthI evuM phalita thAya che ke zaka loko ApaNA dezanA vAyavya ke pazcimottara sarahadethI ApaNI bhUmimAM dAkhala thayA hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake; paraMtu ApaNI e taraphanI lAMbI sarahadanA kayA bhAgethI pravezyA haze e vize kazA nirNayAtmaka anumAne pahoMcavuM muzkela che. A paristhitimAM evuM sUcita thaI zake ke zaka loko jude jude mArgethI ApaNI bhUmimAM pravezyA hoya. zaka AkramaNano samaya zaka prajAnA ApaNI bhUmimAM pravezanA mArga bAbate jema vividha mata prarvate che, tema temanA Agamana aMgenA samaya vize che. ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA ke zaka lokone temanA dezAMtaragamana daramyAna yuecIlokonA dabANane kAraNe bAhnika deza choDIne, tenI pazcime AvelA padvava (pArthiA) dezamAM javuM paDyuM. tyAM temane palaMva sAmrAjyanI sattA sAthe saMgharSano sAmano karavo paDyo. zako ane pallavo vaccenI prastuta athaDAmaNamAM phrAvata 2jo (IsvIpUrva 138128) ane ArtabAna 1lo (IsvIpUrva 128-123) ema be pallava rAjAo mAryA gayA. eTale IsvIpUrva 123mAM pallava rAjA mizradAta rajo gAdIe Avyo. A zaktizALI rAjAe zakone harAvyA ane tethI zaka prajAne te deza choDI herAta thaI hAlanA sIstAnamAM AvavuM paDyuM. paraMtu mizradAta rajAnI sattA cheka sIstAna sudhI prasarelI hoI ane A pradeza tenA Adhipatya heThaLa hoI zakone A pradeza paNa choDavo paDyo. ahIMthI teo pUrva tarapha khasatA khasatA chevaTe ApaNI bhUmimAM pravezyA. zakonA AkramaNanA samaya saMdarbhe ATalI bhUmikA jarUrI hovAthI ahIM teno ullekha karyo che. mizradAta ane zako vaccenI athaDAmaNane dhyAnamAM rAkhI keTalAka vidvAno evuM anumAna karavA prerAyA che ke zako kAM to mizradAta rajAnA rAjyakAla (IsvIpUrva 123thI IsvIpUrva 88) daramyAna ke tenA rAjaya-amala pachI14 ApaNA dezamAM AvyA hoya. ApaNAM saMskRta sAhityamAM zaka prajA vizeno pahelaprathama nirdeza mahAbhAratanA vividha parvomAM jovA prApta thAya che. tadanusAra zakone, aMdho, yavano, kaMbojo, pulindo, tuSAro, dArtho, RSiko vagerenI jema pleccha tarIke oLakhAvyA che. A parvomAM sabhAparva prathama Ave ane eno samaya IsvIpUrva 184 ane IsvIpUrva 148nI vacce nizcita thayo che. A mujaba For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra zako IsvIpUrva bIjI sadI sudhImAM ApaNA dezamAM AvyA hovAnuM phalita thAya che 8. jainAcArya kAlakanI kathAnA saMdarbhamAM zako ApaNI bhUmimAM AvyA tyAre urjananI gAdIe gardabhilla vaMzano darpaNa nAmano rAjA sattAdhIza hato ane muni kAlakanA bhANeja balamitra ane bhAnumitra A samaye bharUcanI gAdI upara rAjya karatA hatA. vaLI gaIbhilla rAjA darpaNane harAvyAno banAva jainonI rAjatva kAlagaNanA mujaba balamitranA 48mAM varSanA aMtamAM banyo evuM kalyANavijayajI noMdhe che. balamitranuM 48muM varSa eTale vIranirvANa saMvatanuM 453muM eTale ke IsvIpUrva 74muM varSa sUcita thAya che. AthI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke zaka lokonuM ApaNI bhUmimAM Agamana Izu pUrvenI pahelI sadInA trIjA caraNamAM thayuM hoya. abhilikhita dastAvejomAM zakono sahu prathama saMbhavita nirdeza uttara bhAratanA kharoSThI lekhomAM jovo prApta thAya che. varSa 58nA maira lekhamAM "moa" (moga)no ullekha hovAnI noMdha sTena kononI che. moa e paMjAbanA zaka rAjayano rAjA hato, jenI vigata have pachI carcA che. varSa 60nA zAhajUranA dAmijadanA lekhamAM tene zaka tarIke oLakhAvyo che. A baMne lekhomAM tema ja anya ekavIsa kharoSThI lekhomAM koI eka anirdiSTa saMvatanAM varSono saLaMga krama jovo prApta thAya che. vidvAno A lekhomAMnAM varSo mATe bhinna bhinna saMvato prayojAyA hovAnI dalIla kare che. paraMtu e sarvano pradhAna sUra e che ke e anirdiSTa saMvatano AraMbhakAla zakonI jIta sAthe saMlagnita che. A gaNatarIthI vicAratAM phaoNna, resana ane TArge sUcavelA saMvatanA saMdarbhamAM Agamanano samaya IsvIpUrva pahelI sadInA uttarArdhamAM mUkI zakAya. uparyukta vivaraNa uparathI evo niSkarSa sUcita thaI zake ke zakonuM ApaNI bhUmimAM Agamana koI eka cokkasa samaye thayuM hoya nahIM. paNa jema agAu avalokyuM tema temanA Agamanano mArga eka ane sunizcita nathI tema temanA AgamananA samayAMkana vize che. AthI evI zakyatA jaNAya che ke zaka lokonI bhinna bhinna ToLI bhinna bhinna samaye AvI hoya. A paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM IsvIpUrva bIjI sadIthI AraMbhI IzunI pahelI sadI sudhIno samayagALo emanA AgamananA vividha tabakkA kAje sUcavI zakAya. zaka lokonI prAraMbhika kArakirdI A loko ApaNA dezamAM kayA mArgethI AvyA ane kayA samaye pravezyA e bAbata vize koI cokkasa nirNaya tAravI zakAyo nathI tema teoe ApaNI bhUminA kayA bhUbhAgamAM sahu prathama vasavATa karyo e vizenuM anumAna karavuM paNa saraLa nathI. keTalAka itihAsajJonuM mAnavuM che ke teo pahela prathama siMdhunA pradezamAM sthira thayA ane tyAM hindI zakasthAna' sthApyuM, jenI rAjadhAnI siMdhunadInA kinAre Avela "mInanagaramAM hatI. A hakIkata mujaba ApaNa dezamAMnI emanI A sau prathama rAjadhAnI hatI. A samaye siMdhamAM koI zaktisaMpanna rAjasattAno abhAva hato, paNa nAnAM nAnAM yavana rAjayonI rAjakIya ANa pravartatI hatI. A sattAone dabAvI zakoe emanA upara potAnuM Adhipatya rAjakIya dRSTie jamAvyuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ApaNe avalokyuM tema bhinna bhinna samaye zaka lokonAM vibhinna jUtho ApaNI bhUmimAM AvyAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. A zaka prajAe ApaNA dezamAM svataMtra sattAo sthApI hatI, jemAM (1) siMdha pradezanuM zaka rAja, je hiMdI zakasthAnathI khyAta hatuM, (2) paMjAbanuM zaka zAsana, (3) mathurAnuM zaka rAjya ane (4) pazcima bhAratanuM zaka rAjya, jemAM ujjanano samAveza thato hato. 58 siMdha pradezanuM zaka rAjya (?) ApaNe noMdhyuM ke keTalAka vidvAnonA mata mujaba zaka lokoe sahu prathama siMdhu nadInA kAMThALA vistAramAM vasavATa karyo ane minanagarane rAjadhAnI banAvI. vastutaH mInanagaranA zaka zAsako vize koI vizeSa mAhitI upalabdha nathI. ahIMnA rAjyanA eka rAjAnuM nAma moa hatuM evuM keTalAka vidvAno mAne che. pazcima paMjAbamAM AvelA jelama jillAnA maira (ke mairA) gAmanA kUvAmAMthI je lekha hAtha lAgyo che temAM ane takSazilAnA patikanA lekhamAM1 moano ullekha jovA maLe che; paNa tethI te mInanagarano rAjA hato evuM sahajabhAve svIkArI zakAtuM nathI. vaLI tenA sikkAo paNa mukhyatve paMjAbamAMthI maLI AvyA che. periplasamAM paNa be jagyAe mInanagarano ullekha jovo prApta thAya che. paraMtu tyAMya zaka sattAno spaSTataH nirdeza nathI. paMjAbanuM zaka zAsana ApaNI bhUmi upara zaka lokonI prAraMbhika rAjakIya kArakirdInuM eka mukhya mathaka paMjAbamAM hatuM. ahIMthI prApta thayelA zaka rAjAonA sikkA temanA tyAM. pravartelA zAsananuM sUcana kare che. mArzale takSazilAmAM karelA utkhananakAryathI jANavuM prApta thayuM ke moa ahIM rAjya karanAra pahelo zaka zAsaka hato 3. paMjAbamAM AvelA jelama jillAnA maira gAmethI prApya lekhamAM moano saMbhavita nirdeza hovAno mata che". A lekhamAMnuM saMbhavita varSa 58 hovAnuM jaNAya che5. patikanA takSazilAnA varSa 78nA tAmrapatramAM mogano nirdeza che. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke repsana moga ane moane eka ja vyaktinAM be nAma hovAnuM sUcave che. vaLI tenA sikkAo paMjAba ane khAsa karIne takSazilA jenI rAjadhAnI hatI te pradezanA pazcima pradezamAMthI hAtha lAgyA che. AthI rAyacaudharI mAne che ke gaMdhAra upara moanuM Adhipatya hatuM. arthAt moa gaMdhArano rAjA hato. sikkAonAM prAptisthAna upara repsana evuM sUcave che ke moanI sattA kApiza, puSkalAvatI ane takSazilA upara pravartatI hatI. tyAre kApiza ane puSkalAvatImAMthI moano ekeya sikko maLyo nathI evuM sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya noMdhe che. ane tarata virodhAbhAsI vidhAna kare che ke sirakapa (takSazilA)mAMthI moanA 107 jeTalA sikkAo maLyA che1. AthI sudhAkaranuM maMtavya saMdigdha rahe che. takSazilA ane tenI AsapAsanA pradezamAMnA pracalita sikkAonI vividha AkRtionuM anukaraNa moanA sikkA upara jovA maLe che. prastuta hakIkatothI puravAra thAya che ke moae paMjAbamAM rAjya karyuM hatuM ane takSazilA tenA rAjyanI rAjadhAnI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra moano samaya : A rAjAnA sikkA varSanA nirdeza vinAnA hovAthI tenA samayanirNayamAM te sikkA upayogI thatA nathI ane tenI tenA rAjyakAlanI samayAvadhi nirNita karavA kAje enA nAmollekhavALA be kharoSThI lekhono AdhAra upAdeyI thaI paDe che. A be lekhomAM eka che varSa 58no maira lekha ane bIjo che patikano varSa 78no takSazilAno tAmrapatra lekha. Che pahelaprathama ApaNe A baMne lekhomAM nirdiSTa varSonA anirdiSTa saMvata vize vicAravuM rahyuM. uttara bhAratamAMthI saMprApta 36 kharoSThI lekhomAMthI prathama 23 lekhomAM koI eka anirdiSTa saMvatanAM varSono saLaMga krama jovA maLe che5. moanA nAmollekhavALA baMne lekho prathama 23 lekhonA vibhAgamAM Ave che. tethI have temAM nirdiSTa varSano saMvata karyo che te vicArIe. Dovasana, phalITa, Deba ane sarakAra jevA vidvAna A 23 khoraThI lekhomAM nirdiSTa varSone vikrama saMvatanAM gaNe che. A vikrama saMvatano AraMbha zako u52nA vijayanA pratIkarUpa hato te sujJAta che. tethI parAjita zako vikrama saMvatano upayoga nA kare ema kadAca mAnIe, to paNa A sivAya bIjo eka samayano viparyAsa avarodharUpa bane che. eTale ke jo A kharoSThI lekhomAMnAM varSone vikrama saMvatanAM gaNIe to varSa 78nA takSazilAnA tAmrapatra lekhamAMnA mo mogane IsvI 20mAM vidyamAna gaNavo rahe. patnava rAjA gudurgharano rAjyakAla varSa 130nA tA-i-bAhInA lekha anusAra, to pachI, IsvI 19mAM Ave.. itihAsa to noMdhe che ke gudurlara ane ajhIjha 2jo samakAlIna hatA. tevI ja rIte ajhIjha 1lo ane spAlirisa (je sIstAnano rAjA hato) paNa samakAlIna hatA; eTaluM ja nahIM e baMnee saMyukta rIte sikkAo paNa taiyAra karAvyA hatA. ajhIjha 2jo e ajhIjha 1lAno anugAmI hato e bAbata sikkAothI sAbita thaI che. tema ja vononIsa jyAre sIstAnamAM rAjya karato hato tyAre moa paMjAbamAM rAjya karato hovo joIe ema rAyacaudharI noMdhe che. vononIsano anugAmI spAlirisa. hato tema ja spAlirisa ane ajhIjha 1lo samakAlIna hatApara.- A badhI aitihAsika vigata eka sAthe avalokmAM moane guduttrarathI be peDhI jeTalo eTale ke 30 varSa vahelo mUkyo joIe. AthI to uparyukta vidvAnonI vikrama saMvata aMgenI dalIlo svIkArya banatI nathI. keTalAka vidvAno A varSone moa saMvatanAM gaNe che ane eno AraMbha IsvIpUrva 95thI thayo hovAnuM sUcave che. A STie moane IsvIpUrva 17mAM mUkI zakAya. paraMtu moa saMvatanI dalIla ane moano rAjyAraMbha virodhAbhAsI jaNAya che; kema ke A saMvatane jo IsvIpUrva 95mAM pravarto hovAno ane teno pravartaka moa jo hoya to pachI enA rAjyArohaNane ke rAjyAraMbhane paNa IsvIpUrva 95thI gaNavo joIe, je bAbata zakya jaNAtI nathI. kArpenTiyara IsvIpUrva 180nA AraMbhakALavALA dimitranA saMvatanuM sUcana kare che. A gaNatarIthI varSa 78no takSazilAno lekha IsvIpUrva 102mAM mUkyo paDe; ane to moano For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rAjyAmala paNa tyAre ja hoya je zakya nathI. vaLI dimitre to selyusIDa saMvata upayogyo hato eTale parAjita yavanono pracalita saMvata vijetA mo vApare nahIM. 60 mizradAta 2jAnI (IsvIpUrva 123-88) sAme zakoe baLavo karyo e ghaTanA dhyAnamAM laIne jAyasvAla IsvIpUrva 120no saMvata A varSonA saMdarbhe prastuta kare che; paNa zakonuM pahlava deza uparanuM AkramaNa to IsvIpUrva 129mAM thayAnuM TArnanuM maMtavya che. eTale jAyasvAlanI gaNatarI mujaba to e saMvatano AraMbhakALa IsvIpUrva 129 (ke IsvIpUrva 128)no gaNavo joIe. vaLI mithradAta 2jo baLavAna zAsaka hato eTale enA sAmrAjyamAM zako mATe bIjo saLaMga saMvata pravartAvavAnI koI zakyatA na hatI. benarajI A varSone sIstAnanA patthava saMvatanAM hovAnuM sUcave che. repsana paNa zarUmAM te varSo saMdarbhe benarajIne anusaryA hatA. sIstAnano A saMvata hakIkatamAM mizradAta 1lAe potAnA sAmrAjyamAM sIstAnane samAvI laI navuM rAjya sthApyuM tenI yAdamAM zarU karyo hato. ane to zako sAmAnyataH parlavono saMvata upayoge nahI1. vaLI kalavAna lekhamAM sTena konone ane Tomasane spaSTaH 'zaka' zabda vaMcAyo che. tethI repsana anukAlamAM AnA anusaMdhAnamAM A varSone pUrvakAlIna zaka saMvatanAM hovAnuM valaNa dharAve che. mithradAta 1lAe IsvI 150mAM sIstAnamAM navuM parlava rAjya sthApyuM ane enI yAdamAM teNe A saMvata pravartAvyo evuM repsananuM maMtavya che. TArna A ja ghaTanAnA saMdarbhe IsvIpUrva 155nA saMvatanI carcA kare che". mArzala A baMne saMvatanI zakyatA jue che, paNa te TArnanA maMtavya upara vizeSa bhAra mUke che. phrenca lekhikA phaoNna IsvIpUrva 129nA saMvatanI dalIla kare che; kema ke A varSe yuecIoe AmUda2yA oLaMgI bAhnikamAMthI yavana sattAne nirmULa karI tenI yAdamAM temaNe A saMvata zarU karyo. tadanusAra takSazilAno varSa 78no lekha IsvIpUrva mUkavo paDe. takSazilAnA tAmrapatramAM nirdeza che ke liyaka kusulaka moano kSatrapa hato. A liyaka kusulaka e varSa 68nA mAnaserAnA lekhamAM ullikhita lAyaka che ema rAyacaudharI sUcave che. A tAmrapatra patikanuM che ane jeno nirdeza mathurAnA siMhastaMbhalekhamAM paNa che. A staMbhalekhamAM mahAkSatrapa rAjUla ane enA putra zoDAzano ullekha che. A staMbhalekha zoDAzane AmohinInA mAnatApatra(votive tablets)mAMnA mahAkSatrapa zoDAza sAthe sarakhAve che. mAnatAnA A patralekhano samaya, tenI kotaraNInA AdhAre, mArzala IsvI sananI zarUAtamAM mUke che1. patika zoDAzano samakAlIna hato.. zoDAze gaMgAjamanAnA pradezamAM rahetA kuNindone harAvelA. sikkAomAMnA lakhANamAMnI lipinA AdhAre kuNinda gaNarAjya IsvIpUrve bIjI-pahelI sadImAM astitvamAM hatu". AthI evuM phalita thAya che ke zoDAza IsvIpUrva bIjI-pahelI sadImAM koI kAlakhaMDamAM khAsa karIne uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hoI zake. A gaNatarI mujaba pratikanA pitA liyaka kusulakane IsvIpUrvanI pahelI sadInA madhyabhAge vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcita thaI zake; to pachI te jeno kSatrapa hato te moa paNa A samaya daramyAna thayo hovAnI saMbhAvanA thaI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra 61 prastuta vistRta vivaraNa-pRthakkaraNane AdhAre samApana karatAM phaoNna, repsana ane TArnanAM maMtavyo vadhAre saMbhavita ane svIkArya jaNAya che. varSa 58nA maira lekha ane varSa 78nA takSazilAnA tAmrapatralekhane phaoNne sUcavelA IsvIpUrva 129nA saMvata anusArapa te varSo anukrame IsvIpUrva 71 ane IsvIpUrva 51mAM Ave. repsananA mata mujaba te varSo anukrame IsvIpUrva 92 ane 72mAM Ave. jyAre TArnanA maMtavyAnusAra te varSo anukrame IsvIpUrva 97 ane IsvIpUrva 77mAM Ave. Ama, A traNeya vidvAnoe sUcavelA saMvata mujaba tema ja moa, patika, liyaka kusulakanA saMdarbhamAM agAu sUcavelA samayAnusAra ApaNA dezanA prathama zaka rAjA moane A parimANamAM IsvIpUrvanI pahelI sadInA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. aya(ajhIjha) 1lo : moanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke paMjAbanI gAdIe aya Avyo ema sikkAonA abhyAsathI samajAya che. vidvAno aya nAmanA be rAjA hovAnuM anumAna kare che. paraMtu enA sApekSa kAlakrama vize matabheda rahelo che. aya 1lAnA ane aya 2jAnA sikkAo spaSTaH vibhinna prakAranA prApta thayA che. pahelA prakAranA sikkAnA agrabhAge grIka lipi-bhASAmAM ayanuM ane pRSThabhAge kharoSThI lipimAM ayiliSa (ajhiliSa)nuM nAma kotareluM che. bIjA prakAranA sikkAnA agrabhAgamAM grIka-lipibhASAmAM ayiliSanuM ane pRSThabhAgamAM kharoSThI lipimAM ayanuM nAma kotarAyeluM jovA maLe che. AthI phalita thAya che ke aya 1lA pachI ayiliSa gAdIe ArUDha thayo ane ayiliSanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke aya 2jo sattA upara Avyo. eka suvarNa sikkAnA AdhAre A vaMzamAM aThama nAmano eka rAjA thaI gayo evuM vhAITaheDa sUcave che. paraMtu takSazilAnA rAjAonAM nAmanAM grIka rUpo aMgrajI rUpAMtaro mujaba antyAkSara A nAmamAM nathI; eTale aThama A vaMzamAM thayo hovAnI saMbhAvanA nizcita thaI zakI nathI". paMjAbanuM kSatrapa rAjya paMjAbanA kSatraponAM traNa kuTuMba hatAM : (1) kusulaba ke kusulakanuM kuTuMba, (2) maNigula ke manugulanuM kuTuMba ane (3) indrivarmAnuM kuTuMbapa. kusulaka kuTuMba : varSa 78nA takSazilAnA tAmrapatra lekhathI jANavA maLe che ke zaka rAjA moanA satrapa tarIke liyaka kusuluka hato ane eno putra patika mahAdAnapati hato. A lekhamAM liyaka kusulukane kSaharAta tarIke ane cubsanA (Adhunika caca, je takSazilAnI pazcime AveluM che) kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. mathurAnA siMhastaMbhalekhamAM patikane mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. kusuluka kuTuMbanA sabhyo mathurAnA kSatrapo sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA hatA1. maNigula kuTuMba : aya rajAnA rAjyakAla daramyAna puSkalAvatImAM maNigula kuTuMbanA kSatrapo rahetA hatA evuM sikkAothI mAnavAmAM Ave che. takSazilAnA varSa 191nA cAMdInA vAsaNa u52 utkIrNa lekhathI samajAya che ke maNigulano putra jihoNika (takSazilA najIka AvelA cubsa)no kSatrapa hato". TArnanA mata mujaba jihoNika parlava rAjA gudurlarano bhatrIjo ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta satrapa hato. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke gudulhara aya rajAno samakAlIna hato (juo pAdanoMdha 79). sikkAo uparanuM lakhANa A pramANe che : mAnasa satrAsa nihAyA. AthI jihoNisa e maNigulano satrapa hovAnuM sUcavAya che. varSa 191no je lekha mArzalane takSazilAmAMthI 1927mAM hAtha lAgyo che temAM mahAna putrasa nahoLasa vukSasa satramAM evuM lakhANa che. AthI jihoNika ane jihoNiyasa baMne bhinna vyaktio jaNAya che". indravarmAnuM kuTuMba : AnA kuTuMbamAM indravarmA pote, teno putra aspavarmA ane enA bhatrIjA sasano samAveza thAya che. aspavarmA zarUAtamAM aya rajAnA ane pachIthI guduharanA rAjapAla tarIke kArya karato hato, jyAre sasa guduhara ane pakora(Pakores)nA rAjapAla tarIke hato97. mathurAnA kSatrapo mathurA upara zakoe kayAre ane kevI rIte Adhipatya prasthApyuM te bAbata nirNita karavI muzkela che. eka mata mujaba zako siMdhunA pradezamAMthI AgaLa vadhIne kadAca mALavAthI ajamera gayA hoya ane tyAMthI sIdhA mathurA gayA hoya; to bIjA mata mujaba jayAre vikramAditya (IsvIpUrva pa8)nI saradArI heThaLa mALavA svataMtra thayuM, tyAre mALavAnA zaka adhikArIoe mathurA jaI tyAM rAjya sthApyuM. zakonA je sikkA mathurAmAMthI maLyA che temAM tenA nirmANamAM zuMgonA paMcAla (ahicchatra) ane mathurAnA sikkAnI nirmANapaddhatinuM anukaraNa vartAya che. AthI sUcita thAya che ke zuMgo pAsethI zakoe mathurAnI sattA meLavI hoya. "rAjAtirAja' moa pachI zAhAnuzAhI' kharoSTha sattAdhIza thayo hoya ema svIkArIe to moanA rAjya amala daramyAna ke pachI najIkanA samayamAM zakoe mathurAmAM sattA sthApI hoya. jo ke mathurAnA kSatrapo ane takSazilAnA zako vaccenA saMbaMdhanI koI mAhitI hAthavagI nathI. IsvI 1896mAM bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe mathurAmAM sItalA mAtAnA maMdiranA dAdara nIcethI eka siMhastaMbha zodhI kADhelo, jemAM siMhanI AkRtinI AsapAsa keTalIka paMktio kharoSThImAM kaMDArelI che. mathurAnA zakonA itihAsa vAste A lekha mahattvanI vigato saMpaDAvI Ape che. A lekha vartamAne laMDananA myujhiyamamAM bauddha vibhAgamAM surakSita che. jo ke kamanasibe lekha saMpUrNa ukelI zakAyo nathI. chatAM sTena konoe thoDo ghaNo ukelyo che. A lekhamAM mathurAmAM rAjya karatAM rAjAonAM ane anya pradezanA rAjAonAM nAma ullekha pAmyAM che. lekha A mujaba che : madakSa()pasa rajutu apraSi yasiE(4) dhitra rastana yuvara panna naDhi(zi) esa.9 A lekhamAMnA lakhANanA arthatAraNa vize matabheda pravarte che. kononA arthaghaTana pramANe rAjula e kharoSThano jamAI thAya ane zoDAza e rAjulano putra. paNa Tomasa AnAthI bhinna arthadhaTana prastuta kare che : naMdIsIeksa e mahAkSatrapa rAjulanI patnI, ayasI kamuranI patnI ane yuvarAja kharoSThanI mAtA. TomasanuM A arthaghaTana lagabhaga badhA viddhAno svIkAre cheltha. prastuta carcAthI samajAya che ke kharoi e rAjulano putra hato ane saMbhavataH te pitAnA rAjayAmala daramyAna gujarI gayelo hovo jAIe, jethI rAjulanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke teno bhAI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra kSatrapa zoDAza Avyo hovAnuM saMbhave che. kSatrapa ravaroisa sartaka putra evA kharoSThImAM lakhAyelA lekhavALA keTalAka sikkA maLI AvyA che. AthI phalita thAya che ke kharoSTane arta nAmano putra hato, je kAkA zoDAzanA samayamAM kSatrapa tarIke sattAdhIza thayo hoya ane prastuta lekhavALA sikkAo taiyAra karAvyA hoya. sikkA ane zilAlekho rAjula vize keTalIka hakIkata saMpaDAvI Ape che : rAjupula, raMjubula, rAjula ema enAM vividha nAma hatAM. mathurAnA siMhastaMbha uparanA kharoSThI lekhomAM tema ja mathurA najIkanA mora gAmanA eka lekhamAM (je hAla mathurAnA saMgrahAlayamAM che, tene mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che, jyAre grIka lakhANavALA tenA keTalAka sikkAomAM tene 'zAhAnuzAhI' birudathI oLakhAvyo che. rAjulanA sikkAo oNTo 1lA ane jho rajAnA jevA ja che; tethI rAjule tenA rAjyakALano AraMbha pUrva paMjAbanA pradezamAM karyo hovAno saMbhava che; jyAre mathurA uparano teno adhikAra tenA rAjyakALanA uttarArdhamAM jovA maLe che. eTale jyAre rAjula pUrva paMjAbamAM sattAdhIza hato tyAre mathurA gAmaza ane hagAnanA saMyukta adhikAra heThaLa hatuM ema mAnI zakAya. rAyacaudharI anusAra hagAmaza ane hagAnanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke rAjula mathurAnI gAdI upara Avyo hoya. AthI mathurAnA prAraMbhakALanA zaka rAjAo A hatA ema sUcavAya. mathurAmAMthI rAjulanA ghaNA sikkA maLI AvyA che, jayAre tAMbAnA keTalAka sikkA pUrva paMjAbamAMthI hAtha lAgyA che. AthI kahI zakAya ke tenA rAjaya vistAramAM pUrva paMjAba ane mathurAno samAveza thato hato103. rAjula pachI teno putra zoDAzaja gAdIpati banyo. mathurAmAMthI zoDAzanA sikkAo ane zilAlekho baMne hAtha lAgyA che. sikkAo tene mAtra kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAve che105, jyAre varSa 7rano AmohinIno mAnatAlekha tene mahAkSatrapa tarIke varNave che. pUrva paMjAbamAMthI teno eka paNa sikko maLyo nathI. tethI sUcavI zakAya ke teno rAjayavistAra mathurA ane tenI AsapAsanA vistAra pUrato sImita hato107. mathurAnA zakoe pUrva paMjAbane jItI te vistAra upara prabhutva prasthApyuM hatuM ane kurinda gaNarAjyane1% paNa harAveluM ema arthasaMhitAnA yugapurANamAM noMdhyuM che. zoDAze je mahAkSatrapapada dhAraNa kareluM te A vijayanA pariNAmarUpa hovAno saMbhava che19 pazcima bhAratanuM zaka rAjya zakoe pazcima bhAratamAM paNa svataMtra sattA sthApI hatI. A rAjAo pazcimI kSatrapothI sukhyAta che. have pachInAM prakaraNomAM pazcima bhAratanuM zaka rAjaya' vize vigatavAra pRthakta vivaraNa prastuta karyuM hoI ahIM A prakaraNamAM te bAbate koI carcA apekSita nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 pAdanoMdha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. pArasakula vize itihAsamAM, khAsa karIne jainAnuzrutiomAM, matabheda che. saMskRtaprAkRtamAM lakhAyelI judI judI jaina pratomAM A sthaLanAM bhinna bhinna nAmo jovA maLe che, jema ke zakakula, zAkhI deza, pazcima pArzvakUla, pArasakUla, sagakula vagere......sAthe sAthe 'kula' zabda kAjeya matabheda che. 'phUla'no artha che kinAro-kAMTho. AthI dezavAcaka zabda sAthe 'phUla' vadhAre baMdha bese che (dA.ta. pArasaphUla). jyAre vyaktivAcaka zabda sAthe 'kuLa' zabda prayogavo vadhu yogya che (dA.ta. sAhIkula, zakakuLa vagere). juo (vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA, pRSTha 21-22). kalyANavijayajI, dvivaidI abhinaMdana graMtha, 1934, pRSTha 98. (1) uttIryaM siMdhukaTakaM surASTradeze samAgatya sukhena tasthau / (2) .... sambhUya sA svayaH sadya: siMdhutIre samAgaman ||37|| AcAryadarzitapathaH sAkhIzaH so'pi satvaram / prayANairanavacchinane rUpasiMdhu samAsadyata ||38|| te'tha siMdhu samuttIrya, sAdhayanto'khilAnnRpAn / surASTraviSayaM prApustatra prAtRDupayuSI rU|| (jinadeva, kAlikAcArya kathA). kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta (2) vazvA hinduArese....... nAva uttaritu siMdhu pattA soraThamavaMtaM tAva / (brAuna, sTorI oNva kAlaka, pRSTha 94). (4) 3ttaria sindhunarU meLa sAretamAMne pattA |(ejana, pRSTha 74) pratyeka kAlakakathA, kathAvalI ane nizIthacUrNimAM evuM noMdhavAmAM AvyuM che ke sAhIo (eTale zako) sAthe kAlaka saurASTramAM AvyAM (juo : kalyANavijayajI, dvivaidI abhinaMdana graMtha, pRSTha 110, pAdanoMdha 6). : juo uparyukta pAdanoMdha 3mAM rU ane 4. vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA, pRSTha 23-24. ApaNA rASTranA itihAsanAM avagAhana karavAthI spaSTa thAya che ke ApaNI bhUmi upara yuge yuge ke samaye samaye thayelAM videzI lokonAM AkramaNo mukhyatve A dizAmAMthI ja thayAM che. ApaNA dezanI bhaugolika lAkSaNiktAne lIdhe tenI uttara sarahadethI ke dakSiNa bAjuethI AkramaNakArone pravezavuM bahu saraLa na hatuM. repsana, krehii., pu.1, pRSTa 563thI; sTena kono, kaoNii., pu.2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 31; sudhAkara, pRSTha 14. mathurAnA siMhastaMbhamAM nirdiSTa vAkya 'sarvakSa zastAnasanuSya'; periplasamAM ullikhita mInanagara (zakanagara); IrAnamAM AvelI kardamA nadI; vAmana-e IrAnI bhASAo zabda - A badhA muddAo dhyAnamAM laIne sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya sUcave che ke zako pUrva IrAnathI A rastethI ApaNA dezamAM AvyA hoya. (juo sudhAkara, pRSTha 13-14). 9. sudhAkara, pRSTha 13. 10. Tomasa, jaraoNeso., 1913, pRSTha 635, pAdanoMdha naMbara 1 ane 2; repsana, krehii., pRSTha 56364; TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 277-78. paraMtu phalITanA mata mujaba kuSANo A mArgethI ja ApaNe tyAM AvyA hatA (jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 334). AthI A traNa vidvAnono mata svIkArya jaNAto nathI. 11. jarAeso., 1944. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra 12. kema ke emanA Agamana-AkramaNano samaya paNa bhinna bhinna hovAnuM manAya che. (juo have pachIno muddo). A kAraNe pravezamArga paNa judo judo hoya evo mata vadhAre saMbhavita jaNAya che. 13. phaoNna, sIpI., pRSTha 325; saTena kono, jaraoNeso., 1932, pRSTha 959. 14. repsana, kehii., pRSTha pa67-68; sTena kono, kaoNii., 5.2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 32. 36. 15. sudhAkara, pRSTha 14. 16. sabhAparva, 43, 12; 47, 19, 26 ane 48, 15. AraNyakaparva, 48, 20; 186, 29-30; bhISmaparva, 75, 21; karNaparva, 94, 16; udyogaparva, 158, 20 ane anuzAsanaparva 68, 21. 17. motIcaMdra, upAyanaparva, pRSTha 30. 18. purANomAM paNa zakono ullekha che. dA.ta. vAyu, matsya, viSNu ane bhAgavata (pArjiTara, kali-eja, prastAvanA, pRSTha 24-25, ane 35, 72, 42; jAyasvAla, jabiorIso., pR.16, bhAga 3-4, pRSTha 313; satyazrAva, pRSTha 13-14; du.ke.zAstrI, purANa vivecana, 1931, pRSTha 6). paNa purANo mahAbhAratathI anukAlanAM hovAthI zakonAM AkramaNanA samayanirNaya vAste upayogI nathI. 19. brAuna, sTorI oNva kAlaka, pRSTha 9; kalyANavijayajI, jaina kAlagaNanA, pRSTha pa3; pArjiTara, kali eja, pRi 45-46 ane 72. 20. kalyANavijayajI, jaina kAlagaNanA, pRSTha 53-54 ane 159. 21. ejana, pRSTha 55. . 22. sTena kono, kaoNii., .2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 12 tema ja juo have pachI A prakaraNanI pAdanoMdha 36 ane 37. 23. sTena kono, ejana, pRSTha 16 ane tatsaMbaMdhita pleTa. 24. ejana, prastAvanA, pRi 91-94. 25. Dovasana, jaraoNeso., 1875, pRSTha 376 ane 1877, pRSTha 144thI; lITa, jaraoNeso., 1903, thI 1908 ane 1913thI 1915: dinezacaMdra sarakAra, eIya., pRSTha 128; eca.ke Deba, raoNeso., 1922 pRSTha 42., A badhA vidvAno vikrama saMvata hovAnuM sUcave che. benarajI ane repsana, Ie., pU.37, 1908, pRSTha 67 ane kehii., 5.1, pRSTha 570. A baMne lekhako sIstAnamAMnA paddhava saMvatanuM sUcana kare che. mArzala, AsaI., 1912-13, ane jaraoNeso., 1914; rAmaprasAda caMdA, jaraoNeso., 1920, pRSTha 319. A traNa adhyetA A bAbate moe saMvatanuM sUcana kare che. 26. juo A prakaraNamAM have pachInI pAdanoMdha 77 ane 78. 27. vidyAlaMkAra, bhAipha., puSTha 757. "hiMdI zakasthAna'no prathama nirdeza periplasa ane tolamApanI noMdhamAM jovA maLe che. 28. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 3. kAlakakathAomAM zakoe siMdhu nadI oLaMgyAno ullekha che. 29. grIka nAma uparathI aMgrajI rUpAMtara pramANe Maues lakhAya che. mULamAM moga ane moa ema be nAma maLe che. resana moa ane moga eka ja vyaktinAM be nAma hovAnuM sUcave che (eI., pRSTha 141). kaniMgahama paNa A mata dharAve che (e i., pRSTha 178). dinezacaMdra sarakAra be moe (moa 1lo ane moa 2jo) hovAnuM noMdhe che (sIi., pRSTha 109, pAdanoMdha 3). 30. sTena kono, kaoNII., pu. 2, pRSTha 11-13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 31. eI., pu.4, pRSTha papathI. 32. periplasa, gujarAtI anuvAda, phakaro 38 ane 41. 33. caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha para, phaoNna noMdhe che ke moa padvava hato, kema ke moanA sikkA ayanA sikkA sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che ane aya padvava hato (sIpI., pRSTha 338thI). moe ane ayanA sikkAo vize juo raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 118-119. paNa sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyanA mata mujaba aya zaka hato (ahinoi., pRSTha 21) tethI moa paNa zaka hato (ejana, pRSTha 14). zaka-pallava jAtinA bheda vize TomasanA vicAro dhyAnArya che. ApaNI bhUmi upara AkramaNa karanAra pUrva IrAnI ToLIomAM vividha tattvo ekarUpa thayelAM hatAM. tethI mAtra nAma uparathI amuka ToLI cokkasa svarUpe zaka hatI ke padvava te kahevuM muzkela che. tethI eTaluM ja kahevuM salAmata che ke moa videzI hato (jaroeso., 1906, pRSTha 215). 34. sTena kono, kaoNii., .2, prastAvanA pRSTha 2; rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 437. 35. lekhanI hAlata bahu sArI na hovAthI nizcita varSa kahevuM muzkela che. 36. sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 120. 37. juo pAdanoMdha naM. 31; ane rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 437. 38. rAyacaudharI, ejana, pRSTha 438. 39. kehiI., pRSTha pa90 ane 701. 40. sudhAkara, pRSTha 30. kAbulanI khINamAMthI teno eka sikko maLI Avyo che tethI te pradeza tenA rAjayavistAramAM hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake nahIM (ejana, pRSTha 40, pAdanoMdha naM. 11). , 41. ejana, pRSTha 30, pAdanoMdha naM.14a. 42. teNe dimitranA (jeNe IsvIpUrva bIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM rAjaya karyuM hatuM) sikkAonuM anukaraNa kareluM (sudhAkara, pRSTha 30). dimitra ane moanA sikkAnA vivaraNa vAsta juo raseza jamInadAra, prA guptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 112 ane 118. TArnanA mata mujaba dimitra, minendara ane apaladatta samakAlIna hatA ane IsvIpUrva bIjI sadImAM rAjaya karatA hatA (grIbei., pRSTha 133 134). repsana paNa AvuM maMtavya dharAve che (hii., pRSTha 548, 551). 43. zaka-paTsava rAjAonA sikkAonA vivaraNa vize juo raseza jamInadArakRta pustaka prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, 1994, prakaraNa 7 (videzI zAsakonA sikkA). 44. juo A prakaraNamAMnI pAdanoMdha 36thI 38 A baMne lekhanA saMdarbha sAru. 45. sTena kono, kaoNii., pu. 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 91-94. 46. Dovasana, jaraoNeso., 1875, pRSTha 376thI ane 1877, pRSTha 144thI, phalITa, jaraoNeso., 1903, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1913, 1914, 1915; eca.ke. Deba, jaraoNeso., 1922, pRSTha 42 ane dinezacaMdra sarakAra, eiyu, pRSTha 128. 47. Tarna, grIbei., pRSTha 494; resana, kehiI., pRSTha pa76. 48. rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 299. A baMne rAjAonA hAtha nIce aspavarmA nokarI karato hato (paMjAba myujhiyama keTalaoNga, pRSTha 150). AthI baMne samakAlIna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. juo have pachI A prakaraNamAM "IndravarmAnuM kaTuMba" ane "mathurAnA kSatrApo' zIrSaka heThaLanAM lakhANa ane tasaMbaMdhita pAdanoMdha. 49. resana, keliI, pRSTha pa73-74; rAyacaudharI, polieI., pRSTha 299. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra 67 50. rAyacaudharI, polieI., pRSTha 299-300 tema ja prakaraNamAM juo 'aya 1lo'. 51. ejana, pRSTha 299. 52. ane to A rAjAonI samakAlInatA-anukAlInatAnI bAbata A mujaba hoI zake : vononIsa = moe spAlirisa = ajhIjha (aya) 1lo ajhIjha (aya) rajo = guduhUra. 53. A badhA rAjAonA sikkAonI mAhitI mATe juo raseza jamInadArakRta pustaka prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, prakaraNa sAta. 54. mArzala, Asai., 1912-13 tema ja jaraoNeso., 1914, pRSTha 986; rAmaprasAda caMdA, jaraoNeso., 1920, pRSTha 319. 55. ie., 1931, pRSTha 78. pada, yarna, grIbeI; pRSTha 495. 57, jAbiorIso., .16, 1930, pRSTha 231 ane 240. 58. grIbei., pRSTha 570. pa9, ie., pR. 38, 1908, pRSTha 67. 60. hi), pRSTha 570. 61. zako ane pallavo Ama ekabIjAmAM eTalI hade bhaLI gayelA hatA ke baMnene bhinna rIte oLakhAvavA ghaNI vAra muzkela gaNAtuM. chatAM teo baMne parasparanA duzmana hatA e hakIkata paNa dhyAnA rahevI joIe. tethI zaka rAjA paddhava saMvata vApare nahIM e bAbata svAbhAvika gaNAya (TArna, grIbei., pRSTha 494). 62. jaIhi., pU.1, pRSTha 570. 63. jaraoNeso., 1930, pRSTha 186 ane 193. 64. kehiI., pRSTha 570. da5. prIbei., pRSTha 494 ane 502. TArganI dalIlo kAje juo ejana pariziSTa naMbara 16. 66. takSazilA, 5.1, pRSTha 45. 67. sIpI., prakaraNa 2juM. 68. kaoNI., .2, pRSTha 18thI. 69. pohie., pRSTha 444 ane pAdanoMdha 3; eI., pu. 21, pRSTha 257. 70. kA~Ii., pu. 2, pRSTha 30thI. 71. resana, kehiI, pu.1, pRi 633. 72. sudhAkara, pRSTha 31. 73. gArgyusaMhitAnA yugapurANamAM A ullekha che. (jabiorIso., 1928, pRSTha 414). 74. vAsudeva upAdhyAya, bhAsi., pRSTha 9, 23 ane 82; raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta sikkAo, pRSTha 103. 75. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 67. 76, IsvIpUrva 150thI AraMbhAyelo saMvata (juo : kreDiI, pRSTha pa70). 77. IsvIpUrva 155thI pravartAyelo saMvata (juo : grIbei., pRSTha 494-502). 78. aya zaka hato ke pahava e eka vivAdaspada muddo che. sTena kononA mate te pahrava hato, kema ke te vononisano saMbaMdhI hato ane vononisa pallava hato (jaIhi., pU.12, pRSTha 24). repsana, gArDanara vagere vidvAno ane zaka jAtino gaNe che (sudhAkara, pRSTha 32). TArna vononisane padvava ane ayane zaka tarIke oLakhAve che. (grIbei., pRSTha 345). mArzala jo ke TArnanA mata sAthe. saMmata thAya che | (takSazilA, pu. 1, pRSTha 49-50). sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyanA mata palaMva nAmavALo vononisa zaka hato ane tethI aya paNa zaka hato (zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 32). baMnenA sikkAo vize juo raseza jamInadAra, 1994, pRSTha 119 ane 120. 79. ane emAM aya 1lo e moano nahIM paNa sthAlirisano uttarAdhikArI hato, tema ja moa aya rajA pachI gAdIe Avyo hovAno mata rAyacaudharIno che (pohiei., pRSTha 440). paraMtu aya rajA ane gudulharanI samakAlInatA dhyAnamAM letAM A vidhAna svIkArI zakAya nahIM; kema ke baMne aya rAjA moa pachI sattAdhIza hatA (ejana). keTalAka moane aya 1lA ane aya rajAnI vacce mUkavAnuM sUcana kare che; paraMtu sikkAonA AdhAre aya 1lAnA anugAmI tarIke aya rajAnuM sthAna nizcita thayuM che. eTale moa kAM to aya 1lAnI pUrve ke aya rajAnI pachI AvI zake. paraMtu A agAu noMdhyuM che tema moa aya rajA pachI zAsanastha kyAreya saMbhavI zake nahIM ane tethI aya 1lAnI pUrve ja e zAsana karato hovAnuM zakya jaNAya che (ejana). A cAreyanA sikkA mATe juo raseza jamInadAra, 1994, pRSTha 118thI 121. 80. mULamAM ayiliSa che ane enuM aMgrejI rUpa Azilises che. enAM sikkAo vAste juo raseza jamInadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 119. 81/82. rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 441-442; caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoI., pRSTha 53. 83. dA.ta. Mau+es; Ag+es; Azilis+es vagere. 84. juo caTTopAdhyAya, uparyukta, pRSTha 53. 85. rAyacaudharI, polieI., pRSTha 444-445. 86. ei., pu.21, pRSTha 257; jaraoNeso., 1932, pRSTha 953 uparanI pAdanoMdha. 87. takSazilAnA tAmrapatrathI ane jheDanA lekhathI lAyaka (liyaka) nAmanI be vyaktI hovAnuM sUcavAya che (kA~Ii., pu. 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 145). mAnazerAnA varSa 68nA lekhamAM liya(ka)no ullekha che ane tene patikanA pitA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya (eI., pu. 21, pRSTha 257). 88. sTena kono AvuM mAne che (juo yohie., pRSTha 444 ane pAdanoMdha 2). uparAMta juo kanigama, ejayaoNI., pRSTha 63 ane 126. 89. sTena kono, kaoNII., pu. 2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 32. 90. phalITa be patika hovAnuM sUcave che (jaraoNeso., 1907, pRSTha 1035 ane 1913, pRSTha 1001); jyAre mArzala (jaraoNeso., 1914, pRSTha 979) eka ja patika hovAnuM kahe che. sTena kono paNa takSazilAnA lekhavALA mahAdAnapati patika ane mathurAnA siMhastaMbhalekhanA mahAkSatrapa patika baMnene eka ja hovAnuM sUcana kare che. (kaoNii., pR.2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 33). baMnenA nAmanI sAmyatA, baMne bauddhadharmI ane ubhayanA hoddAnA saMdarbhe sudhAkara paNa baMne patikane eka ja vyakti For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cAra hovAnuM sUcave che (pRSTha 31, pAdanoMdha 24). 91. mathurAno siMhastaMbhalekha naMbara "jI" (sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 115) ane rAyacaudharI, polieI., pRSTha 444. 92. repsana, inDiyana kaoNinsa, pRSTha 9; rAyacaudharI, ejana, pRSTha 444. jihoNikanA sikkA zuddha cAMdInA hatA. jayAre aya rajAnA rAjakAla daramyAnathI cAMdInA sikkAnI zuddhatA ghaTatI jatI hatI. gudutvarano cAMdIno ekeya sikko prApta thayo nathI (juo raseza jamInadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 120 ane 121). AthI puravAra thAya che ke maNigula kuTuMbanA sabhyo aya 1lAnA satrapo hatA (sudhAkara, pRSTha 35, pAdanoMdha 47) . 93. sTena kono, kaoNii., pR.2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 81thI. 94. caTTopAdhyAya, ahinId., pRSTha 67. 95. mArzala, jaraoNeso., 1928, pRSTha 137thI. sTena kono madarana.....sa ne sthAne madanaprAta mafputa pATha vAMce che (juo sIi., pRSTha 131, pAdanoMdha 3) je zakya jaNAtuM nathI. 96. AthI A vIgata A mujaba goThavI zakAya : maNigula jihoNiya(ka)-1lo mahArAja jihoNika rajo 97. indravarmAne ItravarmA tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. ItravarmA e vijayamitrano putra hato. vaLI vijayamitrane viyakamitra (je minenTarano sAmaMta hato) sAthe zikoTanA lekhanA AdhAre sarakhAvavAmAM Ave che. (nyUmijhamaeNTika kaoNnikala, 1944, pRSTha 99thI 104; InDiyana kalcara, pu. 14, pR. 205thI; sudhAkara, pRSTha 35 ane rAyacaudharI, pohiei., pRSTha 445, pAdanoMdha 4). 98. prathama mata mATe juo TArna, grIbeI., pRSTha 325. bIjA mata sAru juo sTena kono, jAMhi.. pu. 12, pRSTha 23. zaMgo-zakonA sikkAnI paddhati vAste juo repsana, inDiyana kaoNInsa, pRSTha 33 ane 52-53. zakonI mathurAnI sattA prApti mATe juo vidyAlaMkAra, bhAIrU., pRSTha 764. zakonuM AkramaNa zuMgonA samayamAM thayAno ullekha yugapurANa che. 99. sTena kono, kaoNII., .2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 48-49; ane lekhanA pATha mATe juo sarakAra, sIi, | pRSTha 122, 100. sTena kono, kaoNii., . 3, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 36thI ane 47. TomasanA arthaghaTana vAsta juo ei., pU.9, pRSTha 141thI. kono A pramANe krama goThave che : kharoSTha naMdIsaeksa = rAjula For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zoDAza. jo ke A mata svIkArya banyo nathI. Tomasa mujaba krama Avo che : yasi. kamusa mahAkSatrapa rAjula = naMdIsaaksa (putrI) yuvarAja-kharoSTha. 101. juo sudhAkara, pRSTha 43. sTena kono A lekhanuM arthaghaTana bhinna kare che, je anusAra kharoSTha rAjulano putra nahIM paNa Artano putra hato (kaoNII, pu. 2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA 35). 102. rAyacaudharI, pohieI., pRSTha 445-446 . 103. rAyacaudharI, ejana; sudhAkara, pRSTha 44, elana, keTalaoNga oNva InDiyana kaoNinsa, "enzanTa inDiyA', | pRi 155; kaniMgahama, kaoNInsa oNva dha zaksa, pRSTha 26. 104. zoDAza pahelAM teno bhAI yuvarAja kharoSTha Avelo, paNa te rAjulanI hayAtImAM ja gujarI gayelo hovAthI rAjulanA kSatrapa tarIke zoDAzanI nimaNUka thayelI. rAjula pazcAt zoDAza mahAkSatrapa tarIke ArUDha thayo ane tenA kSatrapa tarIke kharoSThano putra arti Avyo. 105. mahAkSatrapa3 putrasta kSatrapakSa saMksasa. mathurAnA siMhastaMbhanA A lekhamAM tene kSatrapa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avyo che. 106. eI., pR.2, pRSTha 199; 5.9, pRSTha 243-44 ane pu.21, pRSTha 257thI. 107. sudhAkara, pRSTha 44. amohinInA lekhane mArzala IsvIsananI zarUAtamAM mUke che (hi)., pRSTha 633). kono tene vikrama saMvatano hovAnuM maMtavya dharAve che ane tethI varSa 72=IsvIsana 15 Ave (kaoNii., pR.2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 34; sudhAkara, pRSTha44). 108. kuNindonuM gaNarAjya gaMgA-jamanAnA pradezamAM, hAlanA saharAnapura ane aMbAlA jillAmAM hatuM. 109. vidyAlaMkAra, bhAdarU, pRSTha 767. atre e noMdhavuM jarUrI che ke kurinda gaNarAjayanA sikkAo IsvIpUrva 100 pachI ekAeka baMdha thayelA ane pharI thoDA samaya pachI punaH zarU thayelA (ejana). kuNindInA sikkAo vize juo raseza jamInadArakRta prALuptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 103. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca prakaraNa cha prakaraNa sAta prakaraNa ATha : : : : vibhAga be rAjakIya itihAsa pazcimI kSatrapo H rAjavaMzo ane samayanirNaya kSaharAtavaMza : AraMbha ane aMta kArdamakavaMza : abhyudaya ane asta anya pazcimI kSatrapakuLa : cASTana : zaka saMvatano saMsthApaka pariziSTa cAra pariziSTa - pAMca pariziSTa cha : pariziSTa sAta : girinagaranA zailalekhonuM sAMskRtika mahattva pariziSTa ATha : AbhIra Izvaradattano samayanirNaya jUnAgaDhanA zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa zAtakarNi : kathika : rAjAo ane saMvata For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca pazcimI kSatrapo : rAjavaMzo ane samayanirNaya gujarAtamAMthI vizeSa karIne ane bhAratanA anya keTalAka vistAromAMthI alpa pramANamAM upalabdha thayelA cAMdInA saMkhyAtIta sikkAo ane tAMbAnA-paoNTInanA thoDAka sikkAo uparanAM lakhANa uparathI pazcima bhAratanA kSatrapa rAjAonI vipula mAhitI prApta thAya che. bhAratanA pazcima pradeza upara Azare cAraso varSa sudhI rAjaya karI gayelA A rAjAo itihAsamAM pazcimI kSatrapothI vizeSa khyAta che. "kSatrapa zabdano artha A rAjAonA sikkAo ane zilAlekhomAM 'kSatrapa ane "mahAkSatrapa' zabdo prayojAyelA satata jovA prApta thAya che. Ama to, A zabda mULa IrAnI "kSathapAvana' zabdanuM saMkta rUpAMtara hoya ema jaNAya che. IrAnanA hakhAmanI (achaemenian) vaMzanA rAjA dArayanA behisUna zailalekha naMbara 3mAM "kSathapAvana' rUpa be vakhata vaparAyeluM che. A sivAya anyatra A rUpa prayojAyeluM hoya evuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. "kSathapAvana'no artha thAya che pRthvIno rakSaka" ke "prAMtano sUbo'". rAjA dAraye potAnA vizALa sAmrAjayanA sucAru saMcAlana vAte tene prAntomAM vibhAjita karyuM hatuM ane pratyeka prAMta upara eka eka sUbo nImyo hato. teNe nImelA A sUbAo-gavarnaro kSathapAvana nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA. saMta kSatra (=saMsthAna) zabda uparathI kSatrapati zabdano prayoga vAjasaneyi saMhitAmAM jovA maLe che je ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM. RgvadamAM te "rAjayakartAnA arthamAM vaparAyo che (6.66.ra6): sAmavedamAM paNa kSatrapa zabda ulikhita che. brAhmaNa graMthomAM kSatra eTale "zAsita vargano sabhya' ke 'lazkarano mANasa' evo artha nirdiSTa che. A badhA saMdarbha uparathI kSatrapa zabdano 'pradezano rAjAke 'ThakarAtano ThAkora" evo artha sUcita thAya che. agAu avalokyuM tema avestAmAM kSati ( kSagha=bhUmi ane pAta=pAlaka) zabda nirdiSTa che, jeno artha bhUmipAla thAya che. A rIte kSatrapa zabda bhAratIya ane IrAnI ubhaya sAhityamAM lagabhaga eka ja arthamAM prayojAyelo prApta thAya che. AthI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke A zabdanuM mULa saMbhavataH bhArata-IrAnI bhASAmAM samAnArthI hoya; paraMtu ApaNA dezamAM teno pracAra, jayAre IrAnI rAjakIya asara heThaLa ApaNI prajA zvasavA lAgI tyAre, thayo hovA saMbhave. pazcimI kSatrapo tarIke oLakhAtA gujarAtanA A zAsako eka sAthe kSatra ane rANA ema ubhaya biruda dharAvatA hatA. AmAMnA kSatrapa zabda uparathI teo koI mahAna rAjAnA sUbedAra hovAnuM anumAna thayuM chedeg; jayAre emanA nAnA biruda uparathI teo svataMtra rAjasattA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
74 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dharAvatA evuM maMtavya paNa abhivyakta thayuM che11. vastutaH A rAjayakartAo pote ja svataMtra sattAdhIzo hoI rAjAnI jema kSatrapa biruda paNa bhUmipAla (bhUpati)nA arthamAM prayojatA hovAnI bAbata dhyAnArya jaNAya che. pazcimI kSatraponI jAti | gujarAtanA A rAjAo kaI jAtinA hatA te prazna ahIM tapAsavo prApta thAya che. emanA abhilekhomAM sAmAnyataH ekAda apavAda sivAya temanI jAti vize koI spaSTa ullekha jovA maLyo nathI. nahapAnanA samayanA nAsika guphAnA eka khaMDita lekhamAM enA jamAI uSavadAttane zaka jAtino kahyo che. A samagra lekhamAMnI pratyeka paMktino pUrvArdha nukasAnI hoI emAMthI e zabdano saMbhavita artha tAravavo muzkela che. chatAMya uSavadAra zaka jAtino che e hakIkata svIkArIe to enA sasarA nahapAna ghaNuM karIne e ja jAtinA hoI zake evuM anumAnI zakAya. - vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA tenA rAjayakAlanA aDhAramA varSanA nAsikanA eka lekhamAM zako, yavano ane pahRvone parAjita karyAno nirdeza che. te sAthe eNe kSaharAta vaMzane haNyAno pRthaka ullekha paNa karyo che15. AthI, jo ke zako ane kSaharAto bhinna hovAnuM sUcita thatuM nathI. prAyaH jema AMdhra jAtimAM sAtavAhana kula hatuM tema zaka jAtimAM laharAta kula hatuM e bAbata taddana saMbhavita jaNAya che. kAdamaka vaMzanA rAjAo zaka jAtinA hoya ema A vaMzanA prathama rAjA sAmotikanA nAma uparathI sUcavAya che; kema ke A nAma sIthiyana bhASAnuM che17. uttara bhAratamAMthI prApta zAhadUranA varSa 60nA dAmIjadanA eka kharoSThI lekhamAM "zakasa'no ullekha che. pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA kArdamaka vaMzanA rASTanakulamAM DhAmagaH nAmanA traNa rAjAo thayA hovAnuM spaSTa che. TAmInad ane TrAmanad baMnenA nAma sAmyane dhyAnamAM letAM evuM sAdhAra anumAna thaI zake ke cAkhanakulIya rAjAo paNa zaka jAtinA hoya. "tiloya paNyattinAmanA jaina prAkRta graMthamAM paravAhA ane sthirRpa evA ullekha jovA maLe che. prastuta graMthamAM 'vIranA nirvANa pachInA 461 varSa bAda zaka rAjA thaI gayo ane enA vaMzajoe 242 varSa sudhI rAjaya karyuM evI noMdha che. A sAthe anya rAjavaMzonA ullekhAya che. A badhA saMdarbhane dhyAnamAM letAM nahapAna ane cAruna vaMzanA rAjAo zaka jAtinA hovA vizenA uparyukta maMtavyane samarthana maLe che. keTalAka aitihAsiko evIya aTakaLa kare che ke kAlakAcArya sAthe AvelA zako pazcimIkSatrapo hovA joIe 1. vaLI cASTanavaMzanA lekhamAM nirdiSTa varSo koI eka ja saMvatanA che, je zaka saMvata hovAnuM pratipAdita thayuM che. emanI jAti zaka hoya to ja emaNe prayojelo saMvata pachIthI e nAme oLakhAyo hovAnI hakIkata atre dhyAnArya banI rahe. prastuta dalIlo uparathI evuM anumAna mAtra thaI zake ke pazcimI kSatrapo zaka jAtinA hatA. chatAM e kAje emanA kula paratvenAM pratyakSa ane asaMdigdha pramANonI apekSA rahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
prakaraNa pAMca 95 A rAjAonA sikkAo upara AraMbhamAM eka tarapha grIka bhASA ane grIka lipimAM tema ja bIjI tarapha prAkRta bhASA ane kharoSThI lipimAM lakhANa upasAvelAM che. samayAMtare prAkRtanuM sthAna saMskRti ane kharoSThInuM sthAna brAhmI lipie lIdhuM. AraMbhakAlanA sikkAonI bhASA ane lipi uparathI evuM phalita thAya che ke A vaMzanA prAraMbhanA rAjAo athavA emanA najIkanA pUrvajo ApaNA dezanA vAyavya pradezamAM rahetA haze, jayAM prAkRta bhASA ane kharoSThI lipi IrAnI sAmrAjayanA samayathI pracalita hatAM. anukAlamAM bhASA ane lipimAM thayelAM parivartana AgaMtuka rAjAo upara thayelI pazcima pradezanI sthAnika asaranA pariNAme che. sAlavArI A rAjAonA asaMkhya sikkAone kAraNe temanA rAjakulonI lagabhaga saLaMga sAlavArI meLavI zakAI che. jo ke AraMbhanA thoDAka rAjAonA sikkAo hajI sudhI mitivALA prApta thayA nathI; paraMtu temAMnA kAdamaka kSatraponA zilAlekho maLyA che, jemAM koI saLaMga saMvatanAM varSo hovAnuM jaNAya che. ethI A kSatrapa rAjakulonA zAsanakALanI AraMbhanI ane aMtanI maryAdA nakkI karavAmAM khAsa avarodha jaNAyo nathI. sikkAo upara vahelAmAM vaheluM prApya varSa 101 che ane te sikko kAdamaka kSatrapakulanA pAMcamA rAjA rudrasiMha 1lAno che; jyAre moDAmAM moDuM jJAta varSa have 337 che, je kAImaka kSatraponA pAMcamA kulanA chellA rAjA rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara hovAnuM dhyAnamAM AveluM che. nahapAnanA samayanI nAsika, kArlA ane junnaranI guphAomAM sthita zilAlekhomAMthI keTalAkamAM koI eka anirNAta saMvatanAM varSa 41, 42, 45 ane 46no nirdeza che, jyAre cAkhanarudradAmAnA AMdhanA lekhomAM varSa parano ullekha che. tathA cAnTananA kSatrapa tarIkenA AMdhInA eka lekhamAM varSa 11 jovuM prApta thAya che. paraMtu nahapAnanA lekhamAMnAM varSo rAjakAlanAM hoI tathA tenI pUrve enA kulanA bhUmake rAjaya karyuM hoI, emano zAsanasamaya zaka saMvatanA AraMbha pUrve Ave. A badhI mAhitI A graMthamAM atratatra varNita che. A badhI vigato dhyAnamAM letAM IsunA prathama caraNathI AraMbhI IsvIsananA cothA saikAnA prathama caraNa sudhInAM lagabhaga cAraso varSa jeTalA dIrghakAla paryata A rAjAoe gujarAta upara zAsana karyuM hovAnuM spaSTa anumAna thaI zake che. vaMzAvaLIo kSatrapa zAsakonA sikkAo jema sAlavArI taiyAra karavAmAM upayogI nIvaDyA che tema temanI vaMzAvaLIo goThavavAmAM eTalA ja upayogI banI rahyA che. A rAjAonA 32 jeTalA abhilekho paNa hAthavagA thayA che. AmAMnA keTalAka zilAlekhomAM varSanA nirdeza sAthosAtha vaMzAvaLI paNa ApelI che. tethI sikkAothI sUcita thatI vaMzAvaLIne sAdhakabAdhaka samarthana sAMpaDI rahe che. kSatraponA sikkAo upara te taiyAra karanAra rAjAnA nAmanI pUrve tenA pitAnuM hodAsahitanuM nAma ApeluM jovuM prApta thAya che. temanA sikkAonI A vilakSaNatAne kAraNe kayA For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa rAjA pachI enA uttarAdhikArI tarIke kayo kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa gAdIstha thayo enI lagabhaga saLaMgasUtra mAhitI prApta thAya che. sikkAomAM saLaMga saMvatanAM varSa hovAthI pratyeka rAjAnI lagabhaga AraMbha ane aMtanI jJAta samaya-maryAdAno khyAla ThIka ThIka pramANamAM maLI rahe che. - A zAsakonA saMkhyAtIta sikkAo ane thoDAka zilAlekhone AdhAre temanI vaMzAvaLIo A pramANe goThavI zakAI che : (1) bhUmaka (rA.kSa.) nahapAna (rA.kSa. 41-45, rA.makSa46) dakSamitrA (pati uSavadAtta) sAmotika cANana (rA. kSa. 6, rA.makSa. para) jayadAmA (rA. kSa.-) rudradAmA 1lo (rA.kSa. para ane rA.makSa. 72) dAmajadazrI 1lo (rA.kSa., rA.makSa.) radrasiha 1lo (rA.makSa. 101-119) satyadAmA (rA.kSa.) jIvadAmA (rA.makSa. 119-20) rudrasena 1lo (rA.makSa. 122-42) saMghadAmA (rA.makSa. 144-45) dAmasena (rA.makSa. 145-58) pRthivISeNa (rA.kSa. 144) dAmajadazrI rajo (rA.kSa. 154-55) vIradAmA (rA.kSa. 156-60) yazodAmAM 1lo (rA.makSa. 160-61) vijayasena (rA.makSa. 16 1-72) dAmajadazrI 3jo (rA.makSa. 172-77). rudrasena rajo (rA.makSa. 177-179) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca 99 vizvasiMha , (rA.kSa. 190-200) (rA.makSa. 200-2001) bhartudAmAM (rA.kSa. 200-04) (rA.makSa. 204-21). vizvasenA (rAkSa. 205-06 ane 214-26) che svAmI jIvadAmA rudrasiMha rajo (rA.kSa. 226-237) yazodAmAM rajo (rA.kSa. 237-54) rudradAmAM rajo (rA.ma.) 6 8 rudrasena 3jo putrI (?) (rA.makSa. 270-302) ? rudradAmA rajo ? - pati - putrI--nAma (?) svAmI siMhasena (rA.makSa. 304-06) svAmI rudrasena 4tho . (rA.makSa.) svAmI satyasiMha (rA.makSa.) svAmI rudrasiMha 3jo (rA.makSa. 310-337) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta (noMdha : ahIM je te rAjA sAthe kauMsamAM ApelAM varSa mULa abhilekhomAM ApelAM varSa che. uparyukta vaMzAvaLIo ekaMdare 32 rAjAonAM nAma ApaNane hAthavagAM karI Ape che. rA.kSa. = rAjA kSatrapa ane rA.makSa. = rAjA mahAkSatrapa ema samajavuM) samayanirNaya 78 ApaNe avalokyuM ke A zAsakonA sikkAonA ane zilAlekhonA AdhAre emanAM vibhinna rAjakulonAM sAlavArI ane vaMzAvaLI taiyAra karI zakAI che. ApaNe e paNa noMdhyuM ke zarUAtanA thoDAka rAjAonA sikkAo hajI sudhI mitiyukta prApta thayA nathI; paraMtu temAMnA kSaharAta kulanA rAjA nahapAnanA ane kArramaka kulanA rAjA cASTrana-rudradAmAnA zilAlekho sAMpaDyA che. pariNAme kSatrapa rAjakulonA zAsanakALanI AraMbhanI ane aMtanI (kaho ke upalI ane nIcalI) maryAdA nirNIta karavAmAM khAsa muzkelI jaNAI nathI. A rAjAonA sikkAlekhomAM tathA zilAlekhomAM tenA nirmANasamayanI varSasaMkhyA ApelI che. AmAMthI saMprApta thato sarvAMgakrama e varSo koI amuka saMvatanAM hovAnuM sUcita kare che. pazcimI kSatraponA sAtamA rAjA ane kArdamakakulanA pAMcamA rAjA rudrasiMha 1lAnA samayathI varSanI saMkhyA sUcavatA sikkAo upalabdha thayA che. eTale agAunA cha rAjAonA sikkAo mitinirdeza vinAnA che. rudrasiMha 1lAnA sikkA upara noMdhAyelI varSa saMkhyA 101 che ane chellA jJAta rAjA rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara abhivyakta varSa sUcavatI saMkhyA 337 che3. varSa 101 e sAtamA rAjAnuM che. tethI kArdamakakulanA pahelaprathama rAjAnuM rAjya lagabhaga e saMvatanA AraMbhathI zarU thayuM gaNAya. Ama varSasUcaka A be saMkhyAo kSatrapazAnanI upalI ane nIcalI jJAta maryAdA sUcave che. A rAjAonA zilAlekhomAM vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa 11 che, je kArdamakavaMzanA pahelA rAjA cASTrananA samayanuM che. cASTana pUrveya nahapAne ane tenI pUrve bhUmake sattA saMbhALI hovAnA purAvA upalabdha che5. AthI cASTananA samayanA varSa 6 pUrve A baMne rAjAo sattAdhIza hovAnuM samartha anumAna thaI zake che. nahapAnanA zilAlekhomAM ullikhita varSe rAjakAlanAM che. enAM jJAta varSa 41thI 46 che. AthI sUcita thAya che ke eNe ThIka ThIka lAMbA samaya sudhI sattA dhAraNa karI hoya. cASTrananA samayanA zilAlekhomAMthI prApya varSa 11 zaka saMvatanuM che e hakIkata dhyAnamAM letAM nahapAnano rAjyAmala zaka saMvatanA prAraMbha pahelAMnAM varSomAM thayo hoya. bhUmaka nahapAnano purogAmI hoI enuM rAjya IzunI prathama sadInA prathama caraNanA chevaTanAM varSomAM zarU thayuM hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. hAla ApaNe je arthamAM 'saMvata' zabda prayojIe chIe te arthamAM pahelAM sAmAnyataH jAta zabda vaparAto hato. saMvata e vastutaH saMvatsaranuM saMkSipta rUpa che, jeno mULa artha che varSa. kSatraponA lekhomAM varSanI saMkhyAnI AgaLa varSa zabda ja Ave che. enI agAu zAta jevA koI kAla(saMvata)no saMbaMdha darzAvavAmAM Avato nathI, paraMtu varSa zabdanI pahelAM e samaye rAjya karatA rAjAnuM nAma upasAveluM hoya che. rAjAnAma ane varSa vacce rahelo vyAkaraNIya saMbaMdha to For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca jANe e varSa te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanuM hoya evuM sUcave che. cASTranAdi rAjakulonA rAjAonA lekhomAM; arthAt sikkAlekhomAM ane zilAlekhomAM, varSa nirdiSTa saMkhyA saLaMga krame uttarottara vadhatI jAya che, ane e saMkhyA 6thI 337 sudhInI hAthavagI thaI che. AthI A varSasaMkhyA je te rAjyakAlanI nahIM, paNa koI saLaMga saMvatanI hovA vize koI zaMkA rahetI nathI. samakAlIna rAjavaMzo sAthenA saMbaMdha uparathI A varSo zaka saMvatanAM gaNavAM joIe evuM moTAbhAganA itihAsavido mAne che. A zaka saMvatano AraMbha vikrama saMvata pachI 135 varSe ane IsvIsana pachI 78 varSe thayo che. A badhI hakIkatone dhyAnamAM letAM cASTanAdi kSatrapa rAjAo mATe agAu aMdAjelo varSa 6thI 337no samaya te vikrama saMvata 142thI 472no ane IsvIsana 84thI 415no gaNAya. kSaharAta vaMzanA be rAjAo bhUmaka ane nahapAne Azare cha dAyakA sudhI rAjya karyuM hoya te bAbata dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM pazcimI kSatraponA badhA rAjAonA sattA amalano samagra samaya-vistAra Azare IsvI 18thI 415 sudhIno mUkI zakAya. 79 kSaharAta vaMza pazcimI kSatrapa vaMzomAMnA pahelA vaMzanA rAjAonA zilAlekhomAM emane kSaharAta kSatrapa8 ane vaharAta jItapara tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvyA che; jyAre emanA sikkAlekhomAM teone vaharava(ke charava)catrapa ke chatrapa), kSaharAta kSatrapa, rAjJo kSaharAta, ro chata. vagere nAme saMbodhavAmAM AvyA che. dakSiNa bhAratanA sAtavAhana rAjAonA zilAlekhomAM jIvarAta1 rUpa prayojAyeluM jovuM prApta thAya che. uttara bhAratanA kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjAonA zilAlekhomAM kSaharAta kSatrapa rUpa jovA maLe che". Ama, kSakSarAta sAru jIvAta, vaharAta, chaharAta, rava ke vaharava tema ja kSajJAta jevAM vividha rUpa prayojAyelAM prApta thAya che. AmAMno kSatrapa zabda ApaNe avalokI gayA tema vahIvaTI hoddo sUcave che. paraMtu kSaharAtanA artha vAste vidvAnomAM vibhinna mata pravartelA jovA maLe che. takSazilA ane mathurAnA kSatrapIya zilAlekhomAM ullikhita prastuta zabdanI carcA karatAM sTena kono kSairAtane birudanA arthamAM ghaTAve che. bakhale prAkRta zabda vostane (saMskRta varavasta, aMgrejI KharaostamAMthI) kSaharAta prayojAyelo hovAnuM jaNAvI ene kulanAmanA arthamAM ghaTAve che. repsana A arthano virodha karatAM sUcave che ke gharaJosta e to mathurAnA kSatrapa rAjA rAjulanA putranuM nAma chepa, eTale vasta prAkRtanuM saMskRta rUpa kSaharAta che ema mAnavuM yogya nathI. keTalAka itihAsakAro kSaharAta e aTaka che ema jaNAvI kSaharAtone tolamAyanI bhUgoLamAM nirdiSTa tArUM (Karatai) nAmanI eka zaka jAti sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM sUcave che. gupte dakSiNa bhAratanA bharavADomAM gharata aTaka pracalita hovAnuM jaNAvI sUcave che ke vrata e vavaratanuM saMkSipta rUpa hoya. paraMtu vAsiSThIputra puchumAvinA zilAlekhamAM 'zaka-yavana-pahnava' tathA 'sAtavAhanakula'nI jema 'kSaharAtavaMza'no spaSTa ullekha jovo prApta thAya che. je uparathI A zabda vaMzasUcaka hovAnuM nizcita thAya che. kArdakavaMza ke cASTanavaMza ? pazcimI kSatrapomAM kSaharAtavaMza pachI kArdamakavaMzanA nAmathI vikhyAta moTuM kSatrapakula Ave For Personal & Private Use Only

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80 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta che. A vaMzano pahelo jJAta puruSa sAmotika che paNa te rAjasattA pAmyo na hato. ane A vaMzano chello jJAta puruSa vizvasena hovAnuM atyAranA tabakke kahI zakAya. te rAjasattAdhIza hato. A vaMzamAM kula pAMca kuLa hatAM jemAM cASTanathI zarU karIne vizvasena sudhInuM kuLa ghaNuM moTuM ane dIrghakAla sudhI sattAdhIza hatuM. zeSa cAra kuLa nAnAM ane alpakAlIna sattAdhIza hatAM. moTAbhAganA aitihAsiko cAkhanAdi rAjAo kAdamakakulanA hovAnuM maMtavya kanverI guphAlekhane AdhAre abhivyakta kare che. A lekhamAM rudra(dAmA)nI putrI potAne na vaMzanI hovAnuM jaNAve che. A kAma nAma mA nadI uparathI paDyuM hovAnI aTakaLa vidvAnoe gaNapati zAstrInI arthazAstra upara TIkAne AdhAre karI hovAnuM jaNAya che. A be hakIkatone sAMkaLIne vidvAnoe IrAnathI AvelA zako kama nadInA rahevAsI hovAnI aTakaLa karI emanA vaMzane chAjavaMza tarIke oLakhAvyo che. kalhaNanI ragataraM1iLImAM anarInano ullekha jovA maLe che. mahAbhAratanA "virATaparvamAM mitra nAmano sthaLa nirdeza che. A be vIgatone AdhAre bUhnara marIjha e pazcimI kSatraponuM biruda hovAnuM sUcave che. paraMtu rAkhatALImAMnuM mAna rUpa e to vyaktigata nAma che. tethI enA AdhAre vaMzanuM sUcana thaI zake nahIM. satyazrAvanA mate gujarAtamAM hAlanA sidhapuranI AsapAsa Avelo pradeza pUrvakAlamAM sarva pradezathI oLakhAto hato; kema ke ahIM kardama RSino Azrama hato. tethI mane e pradezanuM nAma che, jyAM rudradAmAnA pUrvajo rAjya karatA hatA. paraMtu emanI A dalIla svIkArya banatI nathI; kema ke sidhapuranuM pUrvakAlIna nAma to zrIsthata hatuMvaLI sidhapuramAMthI ke AsapAsamAMthI hajI sudhI kSatrapakAlanA koI avazeSa maLyA hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. rAmAyaNanA uttarakAMDamAM eka rAjavaMzane vartameya ke nA nAme oLakhAvyo che. teo kardamaprajApatinA vaMzajo hatA ane bAhnika (arvAcIna balba) upara rAjya karatA hatA. A ullekhonA saMdarbhe rAyacaudharI IrAnamAM AvelI mA nadIne 'jharaphazAM" nadI sAthe sarakhAve che, je samarakta pradezanI moTI nadI hovAnuM jaNAya che. pUrvakAlamAM A nadI AmUdarayA nadInI eka zAkhA hatI, je anukAlamAM kArAkula sarovara pAse retImAM lupta thaI gaI. turkastAnanA nakazAmAM A nadIne 40deg ane 41deg pUrva rekhAMza tathA 64 ane 72deg uttara akSAMza vistAramAM vahetI darzAvI che54. jharaphazAM nadInuM A sthAna dhyAnamAM letAM ane madhya eziyAmAM thayelI Uthala-pAthalathI papa siradariyA ane AmUdarayA nadInI vacce bhaTakatI zaka ToLIone tyAMthI khasavuM paDeluM e dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM A nadI e kardamA nadI hovAnI rAyacaudharInI aTakaLane samarthana maLe che, tAjetaramAM eTale ke vIsamI sadInA sAThanA dAyakAmAM utpanana dvArA hAtha lAgelA devanI morInA bauddha stUpanA peTALamAMthI maLI AvelA zailasamugaka paranA utkIrNa lekhamAMnA aitihAsika bhAgavALA lakhANamAM "kathika nRponA 127mAM varSe rAjA rudrasena rAjaya karato hato For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca tyAre evo nirdeza che". AthI prastuta rudrasena kathika vaMzano hato evI aTakaLa pracAramAM rahI. to prazna e upasthita thAya che ke cASTana kulamAM rudrasena nAmanA cAra rAjAo thayA je paikIno koI eka rudrasena ane praznArtha rAjA rudrasena eka hoI zake ? ema hoya to cAkhanakulanA rAjAo kathika vaMzanA gaNAya, to bIjo prazna e thAya ke RArTamavaMza ane thiwvaMza paNa bhinna vaMzo hoya ke eka ja ? hajI A prazno varNaUkalyA rahyA che. A carcAthI cASTanavaMzanA rAjAo kathika hoya ke nA hoya, paNa vartama hatA e mata vadhAre svIkArya bane che; paraMtu kandarI lekhamAM ullikhita rAjA "rudra ane rudradAmAM 1lo hato ema nizcitapaNe kahevuM muzkela che. ane tyAM sudhI emAM nirdiSTa vartama nAma cAnTana vaMzanA saMdarbhamAM prayojavuM ucita jaNAtuM nathI. - sitopatti graMthamAM cASTanano nirdeza che. graMthanI mudrita AvRttimAM prakRUTTT evo pATha che, je ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA. jyAre rA.ba.hIrAlAle macchaThThAne badale "tyAnnA(AzvabhrayA) evo pATha Apyo che, je svIkArya jaNAto nathI. satyazrAva macchaThThA evo pATha sUcave che. jyAre jayotiprasAda jaina madraSTinAH e prakAranuM saMskRtarUpa prayoje che. A baMne rUpa svIkArya bane che. A nAma ahIM bahuvacanamAM che, tethI e vaMzanuM sUcana kare che ema kahI zakAya. AthI, kSaharAta vaMza pachInA A rAjAomAMnA sahu prathama rAjA cASTananA nAma uparathI e rAjAone vAInavaMzanA zAsako tarIke oLakhavA vadhAre yogya jaNAya che. itara kSatrapakulo vaMzAvaLInuM avalokana sUcita kare che ke cASTanavaMzanA chellA jJAta rAjA vizvasena pachI svAmI jIvadAmAnuM nAma jANavA maLe che. A rAjAno ullekha enA putra rudrasiMha rajAnA sikkAlekhamAM jovo prApta thAya che. jIvadAmAno potAno ekeya abhilekha adyApi upalabdha thayo na hoI enA pitAnuM nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI. tethI enA ane vizvasena vacce paitRka saMbaMdha hato ke kema ane hato to kevA prakArano hato e vize koI ja mAhitI prApta nathI. emanA kulanA nAma vize anumAna karavA koI sAdhana hAthavaguM nathI. jIvadAmAnA kulamAM enA sivAya mAtra bIjA be ja rAjAono saLaMgakrama dekhAya che. emAMnA bIjA rAjA yazodAmA rajA pachI sikkAo uparathI svAmI rudradAmA rajAnuM nAma jANavA maLe che. paraMtu e baMne rAjAo vacce koI sagAI saMbaMdha hato ke kema te bAbata bilakula spaSTa nathI. enA pachI rudrasena 3jAe gAdI saMbhALI hatI. A vaMzamAM mAtra be ja rAjAonI mAhitI maLe che. A kulanuM koI viziSTa nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI. rudrasena 3jA pachI enI bahenano putra svAmI siMhasena rAjA thayelo jaNAya che. AthI siMhasenanuM kula rudrasena 3jAnA kulathI bhinna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. siMhasena pachI eno putra rudrasena 4tho sattAdhIza thAya che. A kulamAMya paNa A be ja rAjAo thayA hovAnuM jaNAya che. emanAM kulanAma vizeya koI mAhitI upalabdha thaI nathI. rudrasena 4thA pachI rudrasiMha 3jAnA For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta sikkA uparathI enA pitA satyasiMhanI mAhitI prApta thAya che. paraMtu radrasena 4thA ane satyasiMha vacceno saMbaMdha spaSTa thato nathI. satyasiMhanA potAnA sikkA prApya na hoI enA pitAnI koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. rudrasiMha 3jA pachI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA maLatA nathI. AthI pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM saMbhavataH e chello jJAta rAjA hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. Ama, cAkhanavaMzanI sIdhI saLaMga maLatI vaMzAvaLI pachI kula cAra jagyAe saMbaMdha tUTe che, jemAMnA ekamAM kula bhinna hovAnuM spaSTa rIte jaNAya che; zeSa traNeya rAjakulonA saMbaMdha vize ekeya bAjue kazuM cokkasapaNe kahI zakAya evI koI sAmagrI ke evA koI purAvA ke jJApako prApta thayA nathI, thatA nathI. kSatrapo kuSANonA uparAja hatA ? atyAra sudhInA ekAdhika vidvAna adhyetAoe A praznanI vigatathI chaNAvaTa karI che ane potapotAnAM dRSTibiMdu abhivyakta karyA che. ghaNAbadhA itividonuM mAnavuM che ke pazcimI kSatrapo upara kuSANa rAjAonuM Adhipatya hatuM; arthAt kaho ke teo kuSANonA uparAja hatA. jayAre ekAdabe itihAsavidone A pracalita maMtavya svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI. pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA kSaharAta vaMzanA rAjA nahapAnanA samayanA nAsika guphAnA eka lekhamAM suvarNano ullekha che je cokkasapaNe samakAlIna kuSANonA sonAnA sikkA saMdarbhe che evuM repsananuM maMtavya che. ane tethI teo nahapAna kuSANono adhIna rAjA hato ema sUcave che*". prastuta lekhamAM nirdiSTa kuzaLamUtte zabda upara bhAra mUkI de.rA.bhAMDArakara evuM sUcave che ke nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA mATe A nAma prayojAyuM hoya, kema ke kuzaNa ( kuSANa) nAme oLakhAtA enA adhipati rAjA kaphiza(kadaphises) 1lA mATe nahapAne A nAmanA sikkA taiyAra karAvyA hatA. pazcima bhAratanA rAjayakartAonAM kSetra ane mahAkSatrapanAM birudothI keTalAka vidvAnoe evuM sUcavyuM ke A rAjAo kuSANa rAjAonA uparAja hatA; kema ke pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA AraMbhanA rAjAo kuSANa rAjAonA, khAsa karIne kaNikhanA, samakAlIna hatA, ane kaNikke enA vizALa sAmrAjya upara kSatra ane mahAkSatrano hodo dharAvatA adhIna rAjayakartAo dvArA sattA saMbhALI hatI je bAbata enA zilAlekhothI sUcita thAya che. AthI, spaSTataH kahI zakAya nahIM ke kSatrapo kuSANonA uparAja hatA. suvai ane zanamUne zabdonA kevaLa ullekhathI kSatrapo upara kuSANonuM Adhipatya sAbita thatuM nathI. vaLI suvarNanA ullekha mAtrathI kuSANonA sikkAono saMdarbha sUcavAto nathI; kema ke vedayugathI sikkA tarIke sonAno upayoga thato Avyo che. tethI repsananuM maMtavya svIkArya banatuM nathI. kuzaLamUnene kanherI lekhomAMnA"7 paDi sAthe sarakhAvI lenArta "varSAkAla pUratA anna mATe maLatI mAsika vRtti -evo eno artha kare che. A rajUAta vAkayasamUhanA saMdarbhamAM avaloktAM vadhAre yogya jaNAya che. AthI, de.rA.bhAMDArakaranuM arthaghaTana paNa svIkArI zakAtuM nathI. baijanAtha purI kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapano vicAra judI rIte kare che : cASTananI jema nahapAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca 83 paNa zarUAtamAM kSatrapa ane pachI mahAkSatrapa hato. keTalAka samaya pachI UMcA hoddAnA svIkAramAM kazuMka mahattva jaNAya che;- emAM adhipatithI svataMtra thavAno athavA adhipati dvAra UMco hoddo pAmyAno artha abhipreta che. baMnemAM adhipatinuM astitva jarUrI che. iti. jo purInI vAta svIkArIe to eno artha e thAya ke mAtra nahapAna ane cAnTana ja nahIM, paNa badhA ja pazcimI kSatrapo, to pachI, kuSANonA uparAja hovA joIe; kema ke pazcima bhAratanA A rAjAo haMmezA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. jo ke A zakaya jaNAtuM nathI; kAraNa ke kaSkijUthanA chellA jJAta rAjA vAsudevanA rAjyano aMta IsvI 241-272nI vacce koIka samaye thayo hovAnuM khuda purIe noMdhyuM che7. jyAre pazcimI kSatraponuM rAjya pAMcamI sadInA prathama caraNanA madhyakALe astAcaLe gayuM hatuM. AthI, baijanAtha purInuM maMtavya paNa tarkazuddha jaNAtuM nathI. kaSkinA zilAlekho ane sikkAlekhonAM prAptisthAna uparathI tema ja enI caDAIonAM AnuzrutIka varNana uparathI sUcita thAya che ke paMjAba, kAzmIra, siMdha, uttara pradeza ane baMgALabihAra sudhInA pradezo enA rAjayamAM samAviSTa hatA (juo nakazo naMbara 1); jayAre nahapAnanA rAjayanI hada uttaramAM ajamera sudhI, pazcimamAM dariyA kinArA sudhI, pUrvamAM mALavA sudhI ane dakSiNamAM dakSiNa gujarAta, uttara koMkaNa, ahamadanagara-nAsika-pUNe jillAo sudhI hatI. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke kaNiSkanA rAjaya vistAramAM gujarAta-mahArASTrano samAveza kyAreya thato na hato. kaNikke enA vizALa sAmrAjayanA saMcAlana sAru sUbAo nimyA hatA, je kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA adhikAra bhogavatA hatA. eNe enA zilAlekhomAM enA uparAjano ullekha karyo che, jemAM bhUmaka ke nahapAnano nAmollekha paNa nathI. jo kaNiSkanA uparAja kharapallAna, vanaspara, vezAsi ane liyakanI jema bhUmaka ane nahapAna paNa kaNiSkanA uparAja hoya to enA jevA pratibhAzALI, raNazUra ane vijetA kuSANa senApatie enA abhilekhomAM avazya emano ullekha karyo hoya. paraMtu ubhayano anullekha sahaja sAbita kare che ke bhUmaka ane nahapAna kyAreya kaSkinA Adhipatya heThaLa hatA ja nahIM. nahapAnanA lekhomAM kaNiSkanA nAmano abhAva paNa A ja arthaghaTanane samarthana Ape che. vaLI kaNiSkanA zilAlekho ke sikkAonI gujarAtamAMnI anupasthiti paNa prastuta arthaghaTanane puSTi Ape che. kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIke sikkAo taiyAra karavAnI pazcimI kSatrapoe apanAvelI praNAlikA emanA svataMtra darajjAnuM ane svAdhInatAnuM spaSTa sUcana kare che. kaNiSka samAna sabaLa ane zaktisaMpanna rAjAe, jo pazcimI kSatrapo tene adhIna hota to, emane svataMtra rIte svanAmathI sikkAo paDAvavAnI sattA ApI ja na hota. A rAjAomAM bIjI eka praNAlikA paNa pracalita hatI : rInAkSatra ane rAnI mahAkSatranAM birudanA viniyoganI. anAno savizeSa thayelo upayoga bhArapUrvaka ane asaMdigdha rIte emano svataMtra darajjo sAbita kare che. nahapAnanA prApya saMkhyAtIta sikkAomAM mAtra rAnA birudano prayoga paNa ApaNA maMtavyane vadhu samarthana bakSe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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84 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta agAu ApaNe avalokaryuM tema saMskRta ane avestAmAM kSatrapa zabda samAna arthamAM rAjAnA paryAya tarIke che, eTale A saMdarbhamAM paNa kSatrapo khasUsa svataMtrapaNe rAjA hovAnI bAbata spaSTa thAya che. bhUmipAlanA saMdarbhamAM mUmanA zabdano vicAra karavAnuM ahIM sUcaka jaNAya che; jo bhUmaka eTale bhUmino ghaNI evo artha che te svIkArIe to. Ama, prastuta carcA uparathI phalita thAya che ke pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo kuSANa rAjAonA sUbA kayAreya na hatA. paraMtu svataMtra darajjo gharAvatA rAjAo hatA; arthAt pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo svataMtra sattAdhIza hatA. ApaNA A arthaghaTanane A lekhake have pachI svataMtra prakaraNamAM kaNiSkanA samaya vize je vistRta carcA karI che tadanusAra kaNikke pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA amalanA aMta pachI rAjya karyuM hoya te vadhAre saMbhavita gaNAya che". .. 2. pAdanoMdha 1. saMskRtamAM kSatranA aneka artha hAthavagA che.: pradeza, sattA, baLa, kSatriya, sainika, hiMsA vagere (juo moniyara viliyama saMpAdita saMskRta-iMglIza zabdakoza, pRSTha 32 5). AmAMnA prathama arthamAM e zabda uparathI kSatrapati evo zabda prayogamAM hato, jeno viniyoga saMhitA jevA pUrvakAlIna graMthamAM jovA maLe che (ejana). paraMtu praziSTa saMskRta ke prAkRta sAhityamAM A zabdaprayoga kyAMya jovA maLato nathI (juo : repsana, keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 80; bhAMDArakara, ie., pustaka 47, pRSTha 72). ApaNA dezamAMnA zaka rAjAonA lekhomAM zarUAtamAM kSatrapa zabdanA kSatrava, chatrava ke ravatA jevAM prAkRta rUpa prayojAyelAM jovA maLe che (juo : dinezacaMdra sarakAra, sIi, naMbara 24, pRSTha 112 thI 116; naMbara 61-62, pR 165-66 vagere). 3. repsana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 80; bhAMDArakara, Ie. pustaka 47, pRSTha 72; sTeIna kono, mori., pustaka 29, pRSTha 464; janArdana bhaTTa, bauddhakAlIna bhArata, 1925, pRSTha 285; nIlakaMTha zAstrI, kaoNhii., pustaka 2, pRSTha 263; Ara.esa. tripAThI, hie., pRSTha 214 ane pAdanoMdha 1; dinezacaMdra sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 112, pAdanoMdha 2. 4. mULa IrAnI bhASAmAM "dArayavahuSa' evuM nAma ullekha pAmeluM che. AmAM "vahuSa' zabda ApaNI gujarAtI bhASAnI jema 'bhAI'nA arthamAM prayojAyeluM che. AthI ApaNe saMkSiptarUpa dvArake ahIM prayojyuM che. aMgrejI Darius mULa grIka uparathI pracAramAM che ane tethI gujarAtImAM 'Deriyasa' zabda pracArAya che je yogya jaNAto nathI. mULa 'dArayavahuSa' uparathI 'dAraya' zabdano viniyoga yogya jaNAya che. muMbaInA jamazIda kAvasajI kAtrakanA 1963mAM A graMthalekhaka paranA patramAMnI vigatone AdhAre A mAhitI prastuta che. A zabdanuM mULa avestAmAM jovuM prApta thAya che. emAM kSaghAta (kSazra = rAjya, umarAvapaNuM ane pAtra = rakSaka, pAlaka) zabdano ullekha che. A AdhAre zatropana evuM pallavI rUpa prayojAyuM, je rU5 phArasI "zeherabanano paryAya che. pahnavI e IrAnI bhASAnuM pUrvarUpa che. AmAMthI dArayanA kayuniphorma lekhamAM kSathapAvana zabda vaparAyo. jyAre sikaMdare dArayanA sAmrAjayane grIsa sAthe joDI dIdhuM tyAre kSavinaMnuM satrapala (Satrapes i.e. satrap) evuM grIka saMkSipta rUpa pracAramAM AvyuM. (A mAhitI ApavA sababa A lekhaka jamazIda kAvasajI kAtrakanA AbhArI che). 7. esa.jI.Dabalyu. benjAmIna, parziyA, pRSTha 104. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca 85 8. aitareya brAhmaNa, 8, 5; zatapatha brAhmaNa, 13, 1, 5, 2. IrAnI sAmrAjyanA zAsanakALa daramyAna ApaNA dezanA gaMdhAra ane siMdha pradezamAM A vahIvaTI zabda pracalita thayo haze. ane samAMtare maurya sAmrAjyanA samayamAM eno pracAra prAyaH lupta thayo haze. te pazcAtuM bAhnika yavano, zaka-padvavo ane kuSANo A dezamAM AvyA. A badhI prajAvizeSa IrAnamAMthI AvelI hoI emanA zAsanakALamAM IrAnano A vahIvaTI zabda ApaNA dezanA A bhUbhAgamAM puna: pracalita thayo hoya. 10. resana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 86; rAya caudharI, polieI., pRSTha 310; smitha, ahii., 1957, pRSTha 223; sTena kono, ikviA ., pustaka 14, pRSTha 140 thI. 11. dinezacaMdra sarakAra, 'dha zakakSatrapsa oNva vasTarna inDiyA', eiyu, pRi 180. 12. A bAbatanI vizeSa carcA sAru juo A ja prakaraNamAM chello muddo : 'pazcimI kSatrapa kuSANonA uparAja hatA ?' tema ja kaSkinA samayanI carcA vAste juo A graMthanA vibhAga traNamAM prakaraNa nava. 13. senApta, eI., pustaka 8, pRSTha 85thI, lekha naMbara 144 (1905). 14. uSavadAra zaka jAtino hovAthI enA sasarA nahapAna anya jAtino paNa hoI zake evI dalIla karavAmAM AvI che. A mujaba te pahnava jAtino hovAnI aTakaLa thaI che (rasana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 84). paraMtu zaka jAtinAM vibhinna kulo vacce lagna saMbaMdha yojAtA ja nahIM hoya evuM AtyaMtika vidhAna samajavuM muzkela che. zaka jAtinAM sthaLavistAra ane emanI saMkhyA-vipulatA tathA bhramaNa-pravRtti jotAM e jAtimAM paraspara lagnasaMbaMdha yojI zakAya tevAM peTAjUtha arthAt gotra racAyAM hoya evuM anumAna tadana saMbhavita jaNAya che. 15. sarakAra, sIi., naMbara 86, pRSTha 197. 16. smitha vagere itihAsakAro kSaharAtone zako sAthe sAMkaLI teo zakastAna(arvAcIna sIstAna)thI AvyA hovAnuM sUcave che (ahiI., pRSTha 220). 17. Tomasa, jaraoNeso., 1906, pRSTha 215; satyazrAva, 1947, pRSTha 69. 18. sTena kono, kA~Ii., pustaka 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 16. 19. juo A prakaraNamAM have pachI 'kAdamaka ke cASTanavaMza' nAmano muddo. 20. vasumittamittA saddI fidhaLayA vi samayeA ! NaravAhaNA ya cAlaM tatto bhatthaTThaNA jAyA // 1507|| bhatthaTThaNANa kAlo doNNi sayAIM habati bAdAlA / tatto guttA tANaM rajje doNNi ya sayANi igitIsA // 1508|| (juo upAdhdha ane jaina (saMpAdita) tinnAthapaurf pRSTha 340-42). 21. DolararAya mAMkaDa, itihAsa-saMmelana-nibaMdhasaMgraha, 1943, pRSTha para, 57, 59. 22. kSaharAta vaMzanA lekhomAM nirdiSTa varSo rAjyakAlanAM (regnal) che. paraMtu tethI teo zaka jAtinA nathI ema kahI nahIM zakAya. teo zaka jAtinA che te ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA chIe. 23. A baMne varSo mATe juo pariziSTa che. 24, zobhanA gokhale, 'Andha iskripzana oNva cAkhana, zaka 11', jarnala oNva eAnTa inDiyana hisTarI, pustaka 2, bhAga 1-2, pRSTha 104thI. paNa have coSTanano varSa 6no zilAlekha dolatapuramAMthI prApta thayo che. evuM vA. vimirAzI jaNAve che. (juo prakaraNa sAta ane pAdanodha cha) For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 25. vIgata vAste juo have pachInuM prakaraNa 6. 26. vadhu varNana kAje juo 'bhUmakano samaya', prakaraNa : 27. juo have pachInuM prakaraNa cha. emAM 'sikkA paranuM kSaharAta vaMza. lakhANa' khAsa jovuM. 28. ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 78 (naMbara 15), pRSTha 81 (naMbara 12) ane pRSTha 85 (naMbara 13); tema ja Asavei., pustaka 4, pRSTha 99thI. 29. ei., pustaka 7, pRSTha 57. 30. bhUmaka ane nahapAnanA sikkAomAM kharoSThI lipimAM ane brAhmI lipimAM (juo : repsana, kaeNTalaoNga, naMbara 237-40 ane 243-51). 31. vAsiSThIputra puchumAvinA rAjya amalanA 19mA varSanA nAsikanA guphAlekhamAM A rUpa jovA maLe che (sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 197; ajayamitra zAstrI, dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vaeNsTarna kSatrapsa, nAgapura, 1998, pRSTha 64, 67-68). jo ke DaoN. bhAu dAjI sUcave che ke vAAta e mAgadhIrUpa che ane saurASTra vistAranuM prasiddha rAjagotrIya nAma cheM temanA mate vAtamAMthI vyutpanna thayuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. (jabaoNbrArA~eso., pustaka 8, purANI zreNI, pRSTha 239). 32. patikanA takSazilAnA tAmrapatramAM A rUpa noMdhAyeluM che (sarakAra, 33. nyUie., pustaka 7, pRSTha 82, pAdanoMdha 3; ikvioN., pustaka 34. jabaoNbrArAeso., navI zreNI, pustaka 3, pRSTha 61. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 35. jarA~eso., 1894, pRSTha 549. 36. vI.Ara. devarAsa, praihikA~., lAhora adhivezana, 1940, pRSTha 149. teo kSaharAtane kula nAma gaNe che, paNa spaSTatA kare che ke vosta ane kSadarAta vacce tethI koI sIdho saMbaMdha hovAnuM sAbita thatuM nathI. 37. juo ie., 1884, pRSTha 400 ane 1926, pRSTha 178. uparAMta pohiei., pRSTha 436 ane 484. 38. vAya.Ara. gupte, ie., 1926, pRSTha 178. ApaNAM bhAratIya nAma devarAta, viSNurAta vagerenI jema kSaharAta e vizeSa nAma paNa hoya (juo : ie., pustaka 10, pRSTha 225, pAdanoMdha 67). 39. sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 197. 40. repsana, kaeNTalaoNga., phakaro 82. 41. hrAma-vaMza-prabhava-mahAkSatrapa-3......putrI (juo AsaveI., pustaka 5, pRSTha 78, paTTa 51; ajayamitra zAstrI, dha sAtavAhansa enDa dha vesTarna kSetrapsa, pRSTha 136, pAdanoMdha 3). 42. Ami rvamAM nAma pArasIpu navI tasyAmutpannam / (juo gaNapatizAstrI, arthazAstra., bhAga 1, prakaraNa 2, zloka 11 ane pRSTha 179 paranI pAdanoMdha). zAma zAstrIe paNa arthazAstra upa2 aMgrejImAM TIkA ApI che temAM A ja artha Avyo che (juo sAtamI AvRtti, pRSTha 76, pAdanoMdha 2). pataMjalinA mahAmASyamAM paNa Amino ullekha che (adhyAya 4, zloka 2). 44. asthIni kSemaguptasya gRhItvA jAhnavI gate / putre rramarAnAthe pravatairanvito vanaiH / / sIi., pRSTha 120). 14, pRSTha 140. 43. paraMtu gaNapati zAstrI vagere vidvAnoe IrAnamAM AvelI A nadIno cokkasa sthaLanirdeza Apyo nathI. paraMtu ajayamitra zAstrI noMdhe che ke A nadI beTrinA hakhAmanI rAjyamAMthI vahetI hatI (uparyukta, pRSTha 136; pohiei., pRSTha 437, pAdanoMdha 2). (adhyAya 6, zloka 200). For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa pAMca 87 45. eca.sI.rAyacaudharI, "dha kArdamaka kiMgsa', ikviA ., pustaka 9, pRSTha 37. 46. "oNna dha rIlezanazIpa biTvIna dha AMdhasa eNnDa vesTarna kSatrapsa', e., pustaka 12, pRSTha 273, pAdanoMdha 12. 47. rAyacaudharI, ejana, pRSTha 31. 48. zaksa Ina InDiyA, pRSTha 68thI. 49. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAno, pRSTha 72. 50. ApaNI paraMparA mujaba kardama RSi svayambhava mavaMtaramAM janmyA hatA. teo prajApati hatA ane manu svayambhavanI putrI sAthe lagnagraMthithI joDAyA hatA, jenuM nAma devahUti hatuM. pUrvajanmamAM kardama kSatriya hatA. kArdamAyana sAkheya nAmanI vyakti paNa RSi hatA jemanA nAme gotra pravaryuM hatuM (juo siddhezvara zAstrI citrAva, pravIna caritrakoza, pUNe, 1965, pRSTha 122). suzrutasaMhitAnAmanA graMthamAM #ma prakAranA cokhAno ullekha che (juo moniyara viliyamsa, saMskRta-iMglIza DiklerI, oNksapharDa, 1899, pRSTha 258). jo ke e saMbhavita jaNAya che ke kardamAM nadInA khINapradezamAM vividha prakAranA cokhA utpanna thatA hatA, je nadInAma uparathI krama ke krama tarIke oLakhAtA. AthI mano saMbhavita artha thaI zake kadama' prakAranA cokhA pakavatA loko athavA kardama cokhA ArogatA loko'. (juo : ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, pRSTha 137). 51. bhUyate di purA saumya ma0 pragAyate putro vahi8: zrIninAM nAma sudhama: (sarga 87, zloka 3). patasminantare rAjA na rUH mAtma: | (sarga 87, zloka 14). fchattaka anarthe vAya mahAvata || (sarga 87, zloka 19). na sattAparatvathA vArtha: meca mahAvata che (sarga 87, zloka 20). zunA puruSo mAM mUtvArtha zAmi: (sarga 87, zloka 29). rAnA mahAvarAhuH rvastha tvaH suta: (sarga 90, zloka 3). vAmitu mAM tenAstAzramamupama / (sarga 90, zloka 8). para. pohiei., pRSTha 437, pAdanoMdha 1. A mATe teo dArayanA lekhonuM saMpAdana karanAra hajhalDano AdhAra le che (ikvioN .. pustaka 9, pRSTha 38). 43. In Samarkand province 'the chief is Zarafshan, which under the name Of Mach, rises in the Zarav glacier in the kok su-mountain group.....Beyond lake Kara-kul it is lost in the sands before reaching the Amudarya to which it was formerly tributory (insA. triTI, 11mI AvRtti, pustaka 24, pRi 112). 54. ejana, pustaka 27, pRSTha 420 sAmeno nakazo. 55. Uthala-pAthalanI mAhitI mATe A ja graMthamAM prakaraNa traNa. 56. vIgato vAstu juo: 2.nA.mahetA ane sU.nA.caudharI, ekazana eTa devanI morI, 1966, pRSTha 122. pa7. vigatavAra carcA mATe juo A ja graMthamAM pariziSTa cAra. uparAMta juo raseza jamInadAra, "kathika : rAjAo ane saMvata', vidyA (gujarAta yunivarsiTInuM sAmAyika), pustaka 11, pRSTha 103thI. 58. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 20. 59. keTalaoNga oNva saMskRta eNnDa prAkRta maeNnyuTsi ina senTrala praoNvinsa eNnDa berAra, pRSTha 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 88 60. zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 19 ane 67. cASTananA sikkAmAMnuM kharoSThImAM ApeluM nAma vanasa A saMdarbhe dhyAnArha che. 61. dha jaina sorsIjha oNva dha hisTarI oNva enthaTana inDiyA, pRSTha 79. 62. ApaNA dezanA itihAsanI rAjakIya paraMparAnuM avalokana sUcita kare che ke rAjavaMzanuM nAma keTalIka vakhata je te vaMzanA sthApaka puruSa ke rAjA ke zaktizALI rAjAnA nAma uparathI ApavAmAM Ave che. dA.ta. yaduvaMza, puruvaMza, ikSvAku vaMza, raghuvaMza, mauryavaMza, guptavaMza vagere. AthI A bAbate paNa ApaNe A rAjAomAMnA pahelA rAjA cASTrananA nAma uparathI A rAjavaMzane rASTanavaMza tarIke oLakhavo joIe. 63. repsana, keTalaoNga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 106; dezA bhAMDArakara, kono, kaoNii., pustaka 2, bhAga 1, pRSTha 67; levI, baijanAtha purI, inDiyA anDara dha kuSANasa, pRSTha 21thI. 64. sudhAraka caTTopAdhyAya, ahinoi., pRSTha 83thI ane pRSTha 105; dinezacaMdra sarakAra, eiyu., pRSTha 180. ie., pustaka 47, pRSTha 153; sTena jarnala eziyATika, 1936, pRSTha 61; 65. keTalaoNga, prastAvanA, pRSTha 185. 66. lekcarsa, 1921, pRSTha 199thI. 67. Asavei., pustaka 5, kanherI zilAlekha, naMbara 15, 18, 21 ane 28. 68. juoH ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 83. senArta A lekhamAM 'kuzaNa'no artha spaSTa kare che : Kusana means a monthly stipend assigned to every monk during a certain period of the year and probably to be applied for his food. vuzaLamUta vize teo lakhe che .......the distribution of the Kusanamula appears to have been strictly parallel with that of Chivarika or money for clothes reserved for the Varsha-time. iti. 69. dha inDiyA anDara dha kuSANasa, 1965, pRSTha 22. 70. ejana, pRSTha 60thI. 71. juo raseza jamInadAra, 'pazcimI kSatrapo kuSANonA uparAja hatA ?', vidyApITha, pustaka 5, pRSTha 56thI tathA 'vaeNra vaeNsTarna kSatrapasa vAIsaraoNyasa oNva dha kuSANasa ?' umezamizra kamemarezana volyuma, 1970, pRSTha 703thI ane itihAsa saMzodhana, 1976, prakaraNa 8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cAra kathika : rAjAo ane saMvata sAbarakAMThA jillAnA bhiloDA tAlukAnA tIrthadhAma zAmaLAjInI najadikamAM mezvo nadInA pUrva kAMThe devanI morI gAmanI sImamAM 'bhojarAjAno Tekaro' nAmathI oLakhAtI jagyAe vIsamI sadInA chaThThA ane sAtamA dAyakA daramyAna vaDodarA sthita mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ane purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA prAdhyApaka DaoN. ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetAnA vaDapaNa heThaLa ane DaoN. sUryakAnta caudharInI pratyakSa dekharekha nIce ukhananakArya hAtha dharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pAMceka varSa sudhI cAlelA purAvastukIya utnananane pariNAme A TekarA uparathI eka mahAtUpa ane eka mahAvihAranA bahu mahattvanA avazeSa hAtha lAgyA hatA. mahAtUpanA aMDanuM khodakArya karatAM tenA peTALamAMthI eka zailasamudgaka (paththarano dAbaDo) maLI Avyo hato. prastuta zailasamugaMkanI UbhI bAjunI bahAranI sapATI upara goLAkAre (kema ke A dAbaDo goLa AkArano che tethI) ane dAbaDAnA taLiyAnA bhAganI bahAranI sapATI upara paNa goLAkAre kula pAMca paMktino aitihAsika lekha utkIrNa thayelo che. A lekhano zabdazaH pATha ahIM uddhata karyo che : namasarvajJAya (I) jJAnAnukampAkAruNya prabhAvanidhaye namaH (1) samyak saMbuddha su(sU)ryAya paravAditamonude // 1 // saptA' viMzatyadhike kathika nRpANAM samAgate (5) dvazate (1) bha(bhA)drapadapaMcamadine nRpatau zrIrudrasene ca // 2 // *(8) tamanatumUtammahAvihIrAdhe mahIskUi" (I) satvAnekAnugrahaniratAbhyAM zAkyabhikSubhyAM // 3 // sAdhvagnivarma nAmanA sudarzanena ca vimuktaraMdhe(randhe) Na (1) kAAntikau ca pAzAntika paDDau zAkyabhikSukAvata (tra) // 4 // dazabalazarIranilayazzubhazailamayassvayaM varAheNa (1) kuTTimakato ka(kR)toyaM samudgakassena putreNa // 5 // mahasenabhikSurasya ca kArayitA vizrutaH samudgayakasya (1) sugataprasAdakAmo vRddhAyarthandharmasaGghAbhyAM12 // 6 // prastuta aitihAsika lekhamAM, A pariziSTa paratve, mahattvano muddo bIjA zlokamAM che For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ane enA anusaMdhAne mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAranA samaya bAbate jarUrI nirNaya laI zakAya che. A zlokamAM ATalA muddA ApaNA mATe dhyAnArha che : samAviza0, 4thA nRpanAM ane nRpatI zrIrudrane. arthAt varSa 127 kayA saMvatanuM che ?, kathika rAjAo eTale ApaNA rASTranA pUrvakAlanA itihAsanA kayA rAjavaMzanA rAjAo ? ane rAjA rudrasena te pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA cAra rudrasenamAMno kayo rAjA ? samagra lekhanuM aitihAsika kendrabiMdu A vAkyamAM che : kathika nRponA 127mAM varSe bhAdaravA mahinAnA pAMcamA divase zrI rudrasena rAjAe mahAvihAranA Azraye mahAtUpa baMdhAvyo hato. A paMktie A kSetranA vidvAna adhyetAomAM rasaprada carcA udubhAvI che. ahIM ApaNe mukhyatve kathika rAjAo ane kathika saMvata vize kramazaH carcA karIzuM. rAjAo A bAbate be muddA upasthita thAya che . rudrasena e kayo rAjA ane kathika vaMza te kayo rAjavaMza ? prathama ApaNe lekhamAM nirdiSTa chIdrasena vize spaSTatA karIe. ApaNe vaMzAvaLImAM avalokayuM ke pazcimI kSatraponAM vividha kulomAM rudrasena nAmanA kula cAra rAjAo sattAdhIza hatA14. prastuta lekhamAM ullikhita rAjA te kSatrapa vaMzano cAramAMthI koI eka rudrasena hoya to te kayo te nirNita karavAnuM kArya muzkela che. rudrasena 1lAnA traNa zilAlekha prApta che, jemAMno eka varSa 127no che15. A saMdarbhamAM devanI morInA zailasamudragaka upara utkIrNa lekhamAMnA varSa 127no rAjA rudrasena te kSatrapa rAjA rudrasena 1lo hovAnI aTakaLa thaI ane enA anusaMdhAne kathika nRponuM varSa paNa zaka saMvatanuM hovAno saMketa AraMbhamAM mahetA ane caudharIe darzAvelo. paraMtu sUryakAnta caudharIe asthipAtranI zodha pUrve A mahAtUpanA prAraMbhika khodakAma daramyAna prApta karelA sikkAo, ThIMkarAM ane zilpanA namUnAone AdhAre A mahAtUpa ane mahAvihArano samaya IzunI cothI sadIno hovAnuM anumAna kareluM. A samayanirNaya dhyAnamAM laIe to pachI praznArtha rAjA rudrasena e kAM to kSatrapa rAjA rudrasena 3jo hoya, kAM to te rudrasena 4tho hoya. paraMtu kSatrapa rAjA rudrasena 4thAnI alpAvadhi sattAkIya kArakirdI dhyAnamAM letAM8 A saMbhava yogya jaNAto nathI. AthI have rudrasena 3jA vize vicAra karIe. A rAjAnA sikkAo bahu moTI saMkhyAmAM saMprApta thayA che. enA sikkAo upara varSasUcaka miti paNa aMkita thayelI jovA maLe che. A miti zaka saMvatanI hovA vize koI ja zaMkA nathI. AthI, jenA ATalA vipula pramANamAM sikkAo upalabdha thayA che ane jeNe potAnA vaMzanA sahu purogAmI rAjAnI jema sikkAmAM zaka saMvatanAM ja varSa AlekhyAM che evA pratApI rAjA rudrasena 3jAnA samayanA arthAta rAjyanA A eka abhilekhamAM zaka saMvatane sthAne kathika nRponuM varSa prayojAya e asAmAnya ane asaMbhavita jaNAya che. paraMtu ahIM dhyAnA bane che ke A lekha ane sthApatya badhuM ja bauddhadharmane sparze che. eno viSaya spaSTataH sAMpradAyika che, dhArmika che. AthI ene rAjakAraNa sAthe For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cAra koI saMbaMdha hovAnuM sUcavAtuM nathI. AthI bauddhadharmane sparzatA sAMpradAyika lakhANamAM vaparAyelo kathaka zabda spaSTataH bauddhadharmanI paribhASAmAM prayojAyelo hovA pUrato saMbhava che. ane e anuSaMge ahIM kathikonA saMvatano viniyoga thayo hoya te saMbhavita gaNAya. bIjI eka dalIla evI thaI zake ke asthipAtramAM nirdiSTa rudrasena to kevaLa rAjA tarIke darzAvAyo che. enA nAmanI pUrve kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa ubhayamAMthI ekeya prakAranuM biruda nirdezAyuM nathI. jayAre rudrasena 3jAnA sikkAo tene mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvatA hoI, asthipAtravALo rudrasena e kSatrapa rAjA rudrasena 3jo na hoya. prastuta lekha padyamAM hoI, gadya lakhANamAM apAtI birudo vagerenI tamAma vigatonI apekSA vadhAre paDatI gaNAya ane tethI uparyukta dalIla zithila jaNAya che. vaLI A bAbatamAM ahIM e paNa noMdhavuM joIe ke cAkhanarudradAmAnA samayanA AndhInA cAra yaSTilekhomAM19 kSatrapa ke ane mahAkSatrapanAM biruda darzAvAyAM nathI. eTale padyaracanAne kAraNe ane AndhanA yaSTilekhonI jema apavAdarUpe A asthipAtralekhamAM radrasena mATe mAtra nA birada noMdhAyuM hoya e saMbhavita che. to pachI praznArtha rAjA rudrasena e kSatrapavaMzIya rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 3jo hovAno mata tarkabaddha jaNAya che. A matanA samarthanamAM e bAbata ahIM dhyAnA rahevI joIe ke rAjaya to A pradezamAM kSatraponuM ja che; kema ke kSatraponA ghaNA sikkAo 1 mahAvihAramAMthI ane stUpanA peTALamAMthI hAthavagA thayA che. AthI atyAra sudhInI upalabdha sAmagInA AdhAre ane bauddha sthApatyanA samaya nirNayanA saMdarbhe praznArtha rAjA rudrasena te, rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasena 3jo hovAnuM vadhu svIkArya jaNAya che. A bauddha sthApatyanA samayAMkananA saMdarbhamAM rudrasena rajo to carcAnA phalakamAM Avato ja nathI. kathikavaMza kayo rAjavaMza ? have kathika nAmanA vaMzane kayA jJAta vaMzanA paryAya tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya ane kathika saMvatane kyA jJAta saMvata tarIke darzAvI zakAya e be prazno ahIM carcaya jaNAya che. bauddha sAhityamAM thano sAmAnya artha 'bauddhadharmano upadeza evo thato hoI ane kuSANa rAjA kaNiSka tema ja enA keTalAka anugAmI kuSANa rAjAo bauddhadharmanA AzrayadAtAo hoI dinezacaMdra sarakAra thanRpone kuSANa rAjAo sAthe saMlagnita kare che. emanA mata mujaba zarUAtanA kSatrapa rAjAo kuSANonA khaMDiyA rAjAo hoI ane A asthipAtra kSatrapa rAjAonA pradezamAMthI prApta thayuM hoI tema ja temanA rAjyAmala daramyAnanuM hoI A varSa 127 zaka saMvatanuM hovA saMbhave. paraMtu purAvazeSIya purAvAo parathI bauddhasthApatyanuM samayAMkana, vizeSata: kSatrapa sikkAonI upasthiti hovAthI, lagabhaga so varSa jeTaluM anukAlIna hovAnuM nizcita thayuM hoI" sarakAranI dalIla vajUdayukta jaNAtI nathI, anyathA, lekha bauddhadharmane saMdarbhe hoI, ahIM thah zabda sAMpradAyika arthamAM vaparAyo hoya ane kathikono saMvata prayojAyo hoya evI kalpanA thaI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta eriyana ane sTreboe ApaNA dezanI pUrvakAlIna prajAtiomAM jeno ullekha karyo che ane jemane sikaMdare parAjaya Apelo e Kathaioi sAthe praznArtha kathikone sarakhAvavAnA prayatna thayA che27 samasasaMhitAmAM pazcima bhAratanI prajAonI ApelI yAdImAM (kataka) jAtinA lokono ullekha jovA maLe che. ane teya paMcanada(paMjAba)nI tema ja anya keTalIka videzI jAtionA saMdarbhamAM 8. esa. zaMkaranArAyaNananA mata mujaba paMjAbanA A kataka lokone e ja pradezanA kathaioi sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya ane pachI kataka tema ja kathaioi sAthe kathikane paNa sarakhAvAya 9. vaLI mirAzI vathA e AbhIra rAjAonuM kulanAma hovAnuM sUcave che30 jayAre mahetA ane caudharIe cASTanAdi rAjAo kAImakavaMzanA hovAnI aTakaLa karelI1. Ama kathika vaMzane vividha jJAta vaMzo sAthe sarakhAvavAnI dalIlo prastuta thaI che. paraMtu A badhI dalIlo vajUdayukta na hoI, atyAra pUratuM ema kahI zakAya ke kathika e prAyaH bauddhadharmanA upadezakono artha dharAvatuM sAmAnya nAma hoya ane bauddhadharmanA prabhAvaka evA koI rAjavaMzane vAte ahIM prayojAyuM hoya; paNa evA koI rAjavaMzane jJAta jAtio athavA vaMzomAMnA koInI sAthe nizcita rIte oLakhAvavo muzkela che. kathika saMvata gujarAtamAMthI ane saMbhavataH bhAratamAMthI adyApi mitivALA prApya abhilekhomAM devanI morInA mahAtUpanA peTALamAMthI hAtha lAgelo asthipAtra lekha eka abhinava samasyA ApaNI pratyakSa prastuta kare che ane te che kathika saMvata. ApaNe avalokI gayA ke kathika vaMzanA rAjAo ApaNA rASTranA itihAsamAM koI tabakke sattAdhIza hovAnA koI purAvA adyApi saMprApta thayA nathI. saMbhavata: A prakArano pahelaprathama namUno che, je eka navo rAjA, eka navo rAjavaMza ane eka navo saMvata ApaNI samakSa rajU kare che. ahIM ApaNe kathika saMvatane ApaNA dezanA jJAta saMvatomAMthI konI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya teno vicAra karIzuM. esa. zaMkaranAraNayae vikrama saMvata, zaka saMvata, kalacuri saMvata ane gupta saMvatanA cokaThAmAM kathika nRponA varSa 127'ne goThavIne, kaho ke A badhA saMto sAthe gaNatarI karIne, puravAra karyuM ke AmAMnA koI saMvata sAthe praznArtha varSano meLa besato nathI. vikrama saMvata (IsvI pUrva pa7) sAthe praznArtha varSane goThavatAM IsvIsana 70 (127-57-70) Ave, je vakhate gujarAtamAM pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA kSaharAta vaMzanA rAjAo sattAdhIza hatA. vaLI prastuta asthipAtralekhanI lipinA maroDa tema ja upalabdha buddha-pratimAonuM kalAvidhAna dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM praznArtha varSa 127 e vikrama saMvatanuM hoya te saMbhavita nathI. zaka saMvatanA (IsvI 78) saMdarbhamAM varSa 127ne goThavatAM IsvIsana 205-06 (78+127-205) Ave. paraMtu mahAtUpanI prathama pIThikAnI madhyamAMthI kSatraponA ATha sikkAno eka nidhi maLyo che, jemAM vizvasanano eka sikko che ane tenA rAjyAmalano samaya IsvI 283thI 304 sudhIno che. AthI zaka saMvatanI vicAraNA paNa saMbhavI zakatI nathI. gupta saMvatanA (IsvI 319-20) anusaMdhAnamAM varSa 127nI gaNatarI karatAM IsvI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cAra 446-47 (319-20+127=446-47) Ave, je taddana asaMbhavita jaNAya che kema ke pazcimI kSatraponuM zAsana to IsvI 415mAM samApta thaI gayuM hatuM, ane te daramiyAna ahIM gupta rAjA kumAragupta 1lAnuM (IsvI 415-45) rAjaya hatuM. AthI gupta saMvatanI zakyatA rahetI nathI. have to pachI, kalacuri saMvatanA pariprekSyamAM vicAra karIe. IsvI 248thI zarU thayelA kalacuri saMvatamAM varSa 127 umeratAM IsvI 375 Ave. Ama to, A varSa kSatrapa rAjAonA rAjya-amalamAM baMdha bese che. AthI kathika nRpanA varSa 127ne kalacuri saMvatanA cokkAmAM barAbara yogya rIte goThavI zakAya. paraMtu esa. zaMkaranArAyaNana A varSa kalacuri saMvatanuM nA hovA vize traNa kAraNo prastuta kare che 5 : (1) devanI morInA asthipAtra lekhanA akSarone caMdragupta rajAnA guptasaMvatanA varSa 93 (IsvI 412-13)nA sAMcInA zilAlekhanA* tema ja azokanA lekhavALA jUnAgaDhanA zaila uparanA skaMdaguptanA varSa 138 (IsvI 457-58)nA lekhanA 37 akSaro sAthe sarakhAvI teo devanI morInA lekhane pAMcamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM mUkavA prerAya che. paraMtu ApaNI vaLatI dalIla e che ke sAMcInA ane jUnAgaDhanA lekhonA akSaromAM devanI morInA lekhanuM anukaraNa kema nA hoI zake ? caMdragupta raMjAno mathurAno lekha IsvI 380no che ane chatAM enAM lipizAstrIya (Palaeographic) lakSaNo kuSANalekhonA (ja isunI bIjI sadInA che) jevAM che evuM dinezacaMdra sarakAra noMdhe che. eTale sAMcI-jUnAgaDhanA lekho pAMcamI sadInA hovA chatAMya enAM lipizAstrIya lakSaNo cothI sadInAM hoI zake ane tethI zaMkaranArayaNanuM maMtavya svIkAravA yogya jaNAtuM nathI. (2) emanI bIjI dalIla e che ke Abhilekhika dastAvejo atheti padyamAM lakhAvAnI zarUAta, khAsa karIne uttara bhAratamAM 39, cothI sadImAM guptonA pachI ja thaI; ane A rIte khAnagI sAhasamAM dAna ApavAno rivAja paNa pAMcamI sadImAM zarU thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. ane Ama teo devanI morInA lekhane pAMcamI sadImAM mUke che. paraMtu rudradAmAM 1lAnA zailalekhamAMnA saMskRta gadyane apavAdarUpe asAdhAraNa gaNavAmAM Ave che. tema devanI morInA padyalekhane paNa apavAda tarIke svIkAravAmAM vAMdho nathI. vaLI, emaNe ja noMdhyuM che ke uttara bhAratamAM guptonA abhyadaya pachI cothI sadImAM abhilekho padyamAM lakhAvA zarU thayA. to prastuta lekha paNa cothI sadIno che. eTale emanI A dalIla paNa zithila jaNAya che. (3) emanI trIjI dalIla e che ke pAMcamI sadI pUrve ApaNA dezanA jJAta saMvato sAthe A vaMzanuM ke A pradezanuM nAma saMlagnita hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. A vAte teo vikrama-zaka-gupta-kalayuri saMvatonAM dRSTAMta ApIne sAbita kare che ke A badhA saMvatonAM je te nAmakaraNa pAMcamI sadI pUrve astitvamAM na hatAM. ane tethI varSa 127, je kathika nRponuM che te paNa, pAMcamI sadImAM AvI zake. A mATe teo kathika saMvatano AraMbhakALa IsvI ra7pathI 350 vacce hovAnI kalpanA kare che. paraMtu ahIM e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM ghaTe che ke A lekhamAM kathika saMvatano spaSTa ullekha che ja nahIM, ullekha to che kathika nRpono. ethI emanI A dalIla paNa tarkazuddha jaNAtI nathI. pariNAme prastuta traNeya dalIlonA saMdarbhe teo mahAtUpano samaya IsunI pAMcamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM mUkvA prerAya che te mata paNa sabaLa jaNAto nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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94 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta atyAra sudhInI carcAnA pariprekSyamAM eTaluM sUcita thAya che ke kathika nRponuM varSa 127 kalayuri saMvatamAM baMdha besI zake. paraMtu aparAntamAMthI gujarAta Avelo A saMvata dakSiNa gujarAta pUrato pracAramAM sImita hato. uttara gujarAtamAM to tyAre kSatraponuM zAsana pravartatuM hatuM. vaLI tyAM kalacuri saMvatano prasAra thayo hoya tevo koI nirdeza te pUrve ke pachI kyAMya jovo prApta thato nathI. to paNa kathika nRponuM varSa 127" evo ullekha sUcaka to kharo ja. ema paNa bane ke A saMvata kathikoe pravartAvyo hoya ke pracalita karyo hoya. vaLI kalacuri saMvatanuM asalI nAma jANamAM nathI. e saMvata AbhIroe zarU karyo hoya evuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che; ane pachI ene kathikoe pracalita karyo hoya evuM paNa saMbhave. chatAM kathika nRpono saMvata e A kalayuri saMvata hoya ema nizcita rIte kahI zakAya nahIM. Ama, kathika nRponuM varSa 127 koI pracalita jJAta saMvata sAthe spaSTataH baMdhabesatuM na hoI evuM phalita thAya che ke A koI taddana bhinna saMvata hovo joIe. tema hoya to teno AraMbhakALa (epoch) IsvI 147thI 273nI vacce, saMbhavataH 225nI AsapAsa hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. paraMtu eno spaSTa ane nizcita AraMbhakALa nirNita karAya nahIM tyAM sudhI mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAranA samayanirNayamAM A lekhamAMnuM varSa upakAraka thatuM nathI. AthI A sthaLanA utpananakArya daramyAna prApta ThIMkarAM, sikkAo ane zilpanA namUnAonA arthaghaTanane AdhAre eno samaya nizcita karavAno prayAsa ApaNe have karIzuM. ApaNe avalokI lIdhuM ke devanI morInA mahAtUpanA aMDa nIcethI prathama pIThikAnA peTALamAMthI kSatraponA cAMdInA ATha sikkAyukta eka pAtra maLI AvyuM hatuM, jemAM eka sikko vizvasanano che. A rAjA mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmAno putra che ane jeno rAjya-amala zaka varSa 205thI 226 ( IsvI 283thI 304) sudhIno rahyo hato. AthI A mahAtUpa vizvasananA zAsanakALa daramyAna ke pachI IsunI cothI sadInA AraMbhamAM baMdhAyo hovAnuM saMbhavataH anumAna thaI zake che. A mahAtUpanA peTALamAMthI kamAnonA TukaDAo, buddhanI pratimAo ane anya suzobhita padArtho vizeSa saMkhyAmAM hAtha lAgyA che. A badhA zilpAvazeSa stUpanA bAMdhakAma daramyAna vyavasthita rIte upayogamAM levAyA hovAnuM jaNAya che 5. A avazeSonuM sUkSma avalokana sUcita kare che ke te badhA eka yA bIjI rIte khAmI yukta hatA ane tethI ema kahI zakAya ke A pratimAonA kalAkAroe ja tene binopayogI rAkhavAne sthAne eno ahIM upayoga karyo hato. A avazeSomAM buddha pratimAo gAMdhAra prakAranA vALanI lAkSaNika paddhati ane tenAM gulphAMgUMcaLAM (ringlets) IsunI trIjIcothI sadIno samaya sUcave che. uparAMta kamAno ane suzobhita padArthomAMya kuSANa ane gAMdhAra kalAnAM zailI-lakSaNo vyakta thAya che tema ja pratimAo ane suzobhita AkRtio (motifs) paNa trIjIcothI sadInAM hovAno saMbhava vizeSa jaNAya che. tethI A zilpAvazeSonI kalApaddhati ane kalAkArIgarI paNa A sUpano samaya IsunI trIjIcothI sadIno hovAnuM sUcave che. hAla InvoTa8 gAMdhAra kalAnAM zilpone cAra vibhAgamAM mUke che, emAM trIjo prakArano samaya IsvI 300thI 400no vacceno jaNAvyo che ane A For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cAra 95 prakAranA zilpomAM ughADA paga ane vezabhUSAnI je lAkSaNiktA che te A khodakAmamAMthI prApta mATIkAma sAthe vadhAre sAmya dharAve che. prastuta carcAtte evuM phalita thAya che ke A stUpa IsvI 201thI 400nI vaccenA 9 ke IsvI 301thI 400 vaccenA samayagALAmAM baMdhAyo hoya. paraMtu stUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta kSatrapa rAjA vizvasenanA sikkA uparathI A mahAtUpanA nirmANakAryanI upalI samayamaryAdA IsvI 301thI 325nI vacce hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. vaLI devanI morInA utpananamAMthI kSatrapa sikkAono eka vadhu nidhi paNa hAtha lAgyo che, jemAM rudrasena 3jA (zaka varSa ra70-302)nA sikkAno samAveza thAya che. A uparathI A mahAtUpanA bAMdhakAmanI nIcalI samayamaryAdA IsvI 350thI 375 vacce mUkI zakAya. A badhAM arthaghaTanonA AdhAre eno racanAkALa cothI sadInA prathama traNa caraNa daramiyAna hovAnuM saMbhavI zake che. jenA Azraye A mahAtUpa baMdhAyo hato te mahAvihAra paNa A sUcita samayanA pUrvArdhamAM, khAsa karIne cothI sadInA prathama caraNamAM baMdhAyo hovo joIe. 0 cha ja pAdanoMdha 1. devanI morInAM utpananakAryanA saMpUrNa adhikRta ahevAla sAru juo : 2 nA. mahetA ane sU.nA.caudharI, eskavezana eTa devanI morI, (have pachI devanI morI) 1967, vaDodarA. A lekhanI pAMca paMkti paikI dAbaDAnI UbhI sapATI upara traNa paMkti ane taLiyAnI sapATI upara be paMkti utkIrNa che. Ama to samagra lekha cha zlokamAM samAviSTa che paNa paththara uparanI kotaraNI jagyAnA saMdarbhamAM saLaMga karI che ane tethI kula paMkti pAMca che. A prathama zloka anuSupa chaMdamAM che. vyAkaraNanI dRSTie saMskRtamAM savizaMti joIe, jyAre chaMdanI dRSTie satAM jarUrI che. A zloka ane traNa, pAMca ane cha zloka ema cAreya zloka AryA chaMdamAM che. enuM baMdhAraNa 12, 18 ane 12, 15nuM che (juo : ha.gaM.zAstrI ane pu.nA.bhaTTa, vidyApITha, saLaMga aMka 1, pRSTha 9). 5,6 ane 12. A traNeyamAM pATha A rIte vAMco : mahAtUpam, vipakSamyam ane gA. sAmAnyataH saMskRta lakhANamAM halatta vAkyAtte A rIte pam lakhAya che jyAre anyathA 6 anusvArathI samajAvAya che. 7,8, aitihAsika lekhanA cothA zlokamAM utarArdhamAM agAu Rmpitti 2 pAzakti paTTI evo pATha baMdha besADAyo hato (juo mahetA ane caudharI, joI., pustaka 12, pRSTha 175). paraMtu A paMktinuM punaH nirIkSaNa karAtAM pIne sthAne paDDI hovAnuM spaSTa thayuM. AthI vAsudeva viSNu mirAzIe pAzakti ane pUchuM e nAmanA be sthapatio hatA ema sUcavyuM ane agAu avalokAyelA krAnti ane pAzAnti% e be gAmonAM nAma nahIM hovAnuM pratipAdita thayuM (juo vizvezvarAnaMda inDolaoNjikala rIsarca jarnala, pustaka 3, bhAga 1, pRSTha 101-04). A lekhakane paNa pratyakSa svanirIkSaNathI mirAzInuM vAMcana yogya jaNAyuM che. 9. A zloka gIti chaMdamAM ane enuM baMdhAraNa 12, 18 ane 12, 18nuM che. 10. thrita: joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 11. vyAkaraNanI rIte mA. joIe paNa chaMdanI dRSTie mada. jarUrI che. 13. jeo : jaoI., pustaka 12, pRSTha 174-75 ane vizvezvarAnaMda InDolaoNjikala rIsarca jarnala, pustaka - 3, bhAga 1, pRSTha 101-04. 14. (1) rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 1lAno putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 1lo (zaka saMvata 122thI 144 = IsvI sana 200thI 222); (2) rAjA kSatrapa vIradAmAno putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrasena rajo (zaka saMvata 177thI 199 = IsvIsana 255thI 277); (3) rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudradAmA rajAno putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasena 3jo (zaka saMvata 270thI 302 = IsvIsana 348thI 380) ane (4) rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI siMhasenano putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasena 4tho (zaka saMvata 30thI 308 = IsvIsana 384thI 386nI vacce koka samaye). 15. ane te gaDhA (ji. rAjakoTa)no che. juo : ie., pustaka 12, pRSTha 32 thI, 1873 ane ei., pustaka 16, pRSTha 238thI. 16. jaoi., pustaka 12, naMbara 2, pRSTha 173-76. A lekhakaye A lekha sAthe asthipAtrano phoTogrApha pAMca TukaDe prakAzita karyo che; jenA AdhAre pachIthI A viSayanA vidvAna adhyetAoe kathika nRpo ane rAjA rudrasena vize vidhavidha ane vibhinna maMtavyo prastuta karyA che. 17. jaoI., pustaka 14, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 410 upara ra.nA.mahetAe A mujaba noMdha karI caudharInA lekhano (ejana, pustaka 9, pRSTha 451-59) saMdarbha Apyo che. paraMtu caudharInA lekhamAM teo IsunI trIjI sadInA pUrvArdhano samaya sUcita kare che (ejana, pRSTha 4pa9). paraMtu caudharInA lekhano sarvAgiNa abhyAsa karatAM ane emaNe vibhinna sAdhanone AdhAre je upasaMhAra prastuta karyo che te dhyAnamAM letAM temaNe sUcita karelo samaya zaratacUkathI thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. temane saMbhavataH cothI sadInA pUrvArdhano samaya abhipreta hoya ema dekhAya che ane tethI mahetAnI noMdha yathArtha jaNAya che. 18. A rAjAno adyApi eka ja sikko prApta thayo che. A sikkA uparanA lakhANamAM A rAjAnA nAmanuM pUrvapada dra suvAcya nathI; chatAM zeSa lakhANanA saMdarbhamAM A sikko teno hovAnI bAbata repsana svIkAre che (keTalaoNga, prastAvanA phakaro 127). teno A sikko mahAkSatrapa tarIkano che. tArIkha avAcya che, tethI tenA rAjaya amalano samaya nirNita thaI zakto nathI. enA pitAnA sikkAo uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 306 che ane anugAmI rAjA, satyasiMhanA putra, rudrasiMha 3jAnA amalanA AraMbhanuM jJAta varSa 310 che. AthI rudrasena 4thAno samaya prastuta be miti vaccenA gALAnA pUrvabhAgamAM mUkI zakAya; kema ke A gALAnA uttarabhAgamAM svAmI satyasiMhano amala zarU thaI gayo heya che. 19. juo : ei., pustaka 16, pRSTha 23thI. 20. jo ke Ane apavAda gaNAvI zakAya; kema ke A pahelAMnA nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekhomAM ane te pachInA anya kSatrapa zilAlekhomAM A biruda prayojAyAM che. 21. mahAvihAra ane mahAtUpamAMthI badhA maLI 69 sikkA maLyAM che, jemAM 59 sikkA to mAtra kSatraponA che (juo : devanI morI., pRSTha 104). 22. jo A rudrasena kathika vaMzano hoya ane kathika nRponI sattA tyAre ahIM pravartatI hoya to kathika rAjAonAM nAmanirdezavALA sikkAo maLavA joIe je hajI sudhI na kevaLa gujarAtamAMthI paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cAra 97 ApaNA dezanA koI bhUbhAgamAMthI maLyA hovAnI koI jANakArI hAthavagI nathI. jo ke kalpI zakAya ke ahIM kathikonuM rAjakIya prabhutva sAmaMta svarUpanuM hoya ane tethI temaNe potAnA adhipatinA sikkAonuM calaNa cAlu rAkhyuM hoya. A jo ke kalpanAmAtra che. 23. vA.vi.mirAzI evI eka aTakaLa kare che ke A rAjA rudrasena ane AbhIra rAjA Izvarasena ubhayanAM nAmAMta sena hoI prastuta rudrasena AbhIravaMzano rAjA hoya (juo : vizvezvarAnaMda inDolaoNjikala rIsarca . jarnala, pustaka 3, bhAga 1, pRSTha 104). paraMtu ahIM to rAjA rudrasenanA rAjayane kathikanRponuM kahyuM che tyAre mirAzIe kathika e AbhIra jAtinuM eka kuLa hoya ema sUcavIne A virodhAbhAsanuM samarthana karyuM che. 24. juo have pachI samayAMkananI carcA A ja pariziSTanA uttarArdhamAM. 25. oI., pustaka 14, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 336thI 39. 26. pAdanoMdha 24 mujaba. 27. esa. zaMkaranArAyaNananuM, joI., ane kAphu.somaparA, ejana, pRSTha 59thI 6pa. 28 ane 29. ejana, pRSTha 71, pAdanoMdha 3thI upara. 30. vizvezvarAnaMda InDolaoNjikala rIsarca jarnala, pustaka 3, naMbara 1, pRSTha 104. uparAMta juo pAdanoMdha 31. jaoI., pustaka 12, naMbara 2, pRSTha 104. uparAMta A graMthamAM prakaraNa 5. 32. somapurA kathika vaMza e bIjo koI vaMza che ema sUcave che (juo : ejana, pustaka 15, naMbara 1, | pRSTha 65thI). paraMtu te kayo rAjavaMza che te emaNe puravAra karyuM nathI. 33. juo : joi., pustaka 15, naMbara 1, pRSTha 66thI. 34. sU.nA. caudharI, ejana, pustaka 9, naMbara 4, pRSTha 458-59. 35. ejana, pustaka 15, naMbara 1, pRSTha 66thI 68. 36. kA~Ii., pustaka 3, pRSTha 29thI 34, pleTa 3bI. 37. ejana, pRSTha padathI 65 ane pleTa 8. 38. jaoI., pustaka 14, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 348. 39, dakSiNa bhAratamAM nAgArjunI kAMDano dastAveja saMpUrNa padyamAM che ane IsunI trIjI sadIno che (eI., pustaka 35, pRSTha 17-18). A hakIkata emanA dhyAnamAM che, chatAM e bAbate teo ujAgara thayA nathI. dakSiNa bhAratamAMthI trIjI sadIno padyano Abhilekhika purAvo maLyo che tema pazcima bhAratamAMno cothI sadIno A Abhilekhika namUno asaMbhavita nathI. 40. oI., pustaka 15, naMbara 1, pRSTha 72. 41. ejana, pRSTha 66. 42. mevAsAnA zilAlekhamAM AbhIranA nirdezanA AdhAre bI. ena. mukharajIe temAM ulikhita varSane kalayuri saMvatanuM hovAnuM kahyuM che (jaraoNeso., pRSTha 106thI 14). paNa prastuta samagra lekhano pATha ane eno artha saMdigdha hoI, mukharajIno A tarka drAkRSTa jaNAya che. (juo : raseza jamInadAra, dha mevAsA iskripzanaH e rIeprAyajhala', paMcAla, khaMDa 7, 1994, pRSTha 11pathI 117). bAkI. kSatraponA badhA lekha zaka saMvatanA hoI, mAtra AbhIranA ullekhathI AvuM anumAna tAravavuM muzkela For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jaNAya che. 43. joI., pustaka 15, naMbara 1, pRSTha 64-65 ane 71-72. 44. somapurA, ejana, pRSTha 65. zaMkaranArAyaNanuM IsvI 275thI 350nI vacce kathika saMvatanA AraMbhakALane sUcave che (juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 40). 45thI47. ra.nA.mahetA, ejana, pustaka 14, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 412. 48. gAMdhArana ArTa Ina pAkistAna, 1957, pRSTha 31-32, 40. 49. jo asthipAtramAM ullikhita varSa 127 zaka saMvatanuM hovAnuM vicArIe to. 50. sUpamAMthI prApya kalAnA avazeSonI zailI dhyAnamAM laI tene gAMdhArakalA sAthe sarakhAvIe to. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cha kSaharAtavaMza : AraMbha ane aMta bhUmikA ApaNA dezanA aitihAsika yugamAM prAkRguptakAla daramyAna maurya sAmrAjayanA asta pachI koI kendrastha rAjasattA hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. maurya sAmrAjyanA asta pachI ApaNo deza nAnAMmoTAM aneka svataMtra rAjayomAM vibhAjita hato. IsunAM AraMbhanAM beka zataka daramyAna uttara bhArata kuSANavaMzI rAjAonI sattA heThaLa ane dakSiNa bhAratano moTo bhUbhAga sAtavAhana zAsakonI sattA nIce hato tyAre ApaNA dezanA pazcima bhUbhAga tema ja uttara ane dakSiNane joDatA keTalAka vistAro upara zaka jAtinA kSatrapa rAjAonI ANa pravartatI hatI. Ama, anumauryakAla ane prAkRguptakAla vaccenA samayapaTa upara ApaNo deza rAjakIya pariprekSyamAM saMkhyAtIta rAjasattAomAM vibhAjita hato tyAre uttara, pazcima ane dakSiNa bhUbhAga upara kendrastha nahIM chatAM khUba ja prabhAvazALI ane samakSa evI traNa rAjasattAoe (kuSANo, pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano) ApaNA dezanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanA tANAvANAne sudaDha rIte vaNATamAM laIne sughaTTa pota taiyAra karyuM hatuM jene pariNAme IsunI AraMbhanI traNa sadIo daramyAna ApaNo deza vANijiyaka ane Arthika kSetromAM abhyadayathI vareNya banyo hato. harAta vaMza ApaNe avalokI gayA ke pazcimI kSatraponI vaMzAvaLImAM kula cha kuLo astitva dharAvatAM hatAM. AmAMnuM paheluM kuLa kSaharAta vaMzanA rAjAonuM hatuM. atyAra sudhImAM saMprApta sAmagrInA AdhAre kahI zakAya ke kSaharAta vaMze gujarAtamAM kSatrapa rAjayano AraMbha karyo hato. ApaNe e paNa noMdhyuM che ke gujarAtamAMnA pazcimI kSatraponA zAsananAM itihAsa ane saMskRtine samajavA sAru te rAjAoe paDAvelA ane ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thayelA sikkAo, thoDA pramANamAM prApta pASANalekho ane samakAlIna-anukAlIna sAhityamAMthI maLatI mAhitI tema ja thoDAMka smArako upayogI nIvaDyAM che. kSaharAta vaMzanA itihAsanA nirUpaNamAM paNa A badhAM jJApako khasUsa upakAraka thayAM che. A vaMzanA rAjAo Abhilekhika sAmagrIthI ApaNA dezamAMnA kSaharAta vaMzonA kula pAMca rAjAonI mAhitI adyApi upalabdha che. takSazilAnA be, mathurAno ekara ane gujarAtanA be. gujarAtanA kSaharAta rAjAo paikI ekanuM nAma bhUmaka che ane bIjAnuM nAma nahapAna. bhUmakanI mAhitI enA sikkAothI prApta thAya che, AnuzrutIka sAhityamAM kyAMya bhUmakano For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ullekha nathI tema ja enA anugAmI nahapAnanA samaya guphAlekhomAMya koI rIte eno nirdeza nathI. enA sikkAmAM enA pitAnuM nAma ke samaya nirdezaka varSa ApelAM nathI. nahapAnanI mAhitI mATe enA potAnA sikkA, enA samayanA guphAlekho ane anukAlIna sAhitya ApaNane upayogI nIvaDe che. enA sikkAmAM paNa enA pitAnA nAmano ullekha kyAMya nathI tema ja enA sikkAomAM mitinirdeza nathI. phakta enA zilAlekhomAM varSa 41, 42, 45 ane 46 utkIrNa che. bhUmaka sikkAomAM tene eka jagyAe chatra chArIta tarIke, to bIjI jagyAe harAta kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che, anukrame kharoSThImAM ane brAhmImAM. AthI te kSaharAta vaMzano hovAnuM nizcita bane che. bhUmakane keTalAka adhyetAo cASTananA pitA sAmotika sAthe sarakhAve che : silvIna levInA mata mujaba zaka sAmatinuM bhAratIyarUpa bhUmikA che. A sUcana dhyAnamAM laI sTena kono evI aTakaLa kare che ke nahapAna cASTananA kAkA hoI zake. ubhayanA mata mujaba zaka zabda samano bhAratIya paryAya bUma thAya che. tethI bUma e sAmatinuM saMskRtarUpa che. Ama, A baMne maMtavyonA pariprekSyamAM bhUmakanuM sthAna nahapAna ane cASTananI vacce Ave to bhUmakane cATanano pitA ane nahapAnane bhUmakano agraja gaNavo joIe. A daSTie nahapAna bhUmakano anugAmI nahIM paNa purogAmI hovAnuM sUcavAya; paraMtu vastutaH nahapAna bhUmakano anugAmI che e to nizcita thayuM che. vaLI, bhUmake rAjaya karyuM ane sikkA paDAvyA, jayAre sAmotike rAjaya karyuM hovAnA koI purAvA hajI prApta thayA nathI. bhUmaka kSaharAta vaMzano hato paNa sAmotika e ja vaMzano hato evAM koI pramANo hAthavagAM thayAM nathI". Ama, bhUmaka ane sAmotika eka ja vyakti che evuM darzAvatA sIdhA purAvA sAMpaDe nahIM tyAM sudhI koI nirNayAtmaka saMbhava rajU thaI zake nahIM. Ama, sTena kononuM maMtavya tarkazuddha jaNAtuM nathI. bhUmaka cASTanano pitA che e maMtavya svIkArIe to bhUmaka ane nahapAna vacce kadAca agraja-anujano saMbaMdha hoI zake. tadanusAra pahelAM bhUmaka rAjA thayo hoya, pachI eno anuja nahapAna gAdIe Avyo hoya ane nahapAna aputra hovAthI gAdI bhUmaka(sAmotika)nA putrane maLI hoya evo krama saMbhave; ane to ja bhUmaka-nahapAnano zAsanakAla ane bhUmaka-cATanano pitA-putra saMbaMdha e baMne samIkaraNa baMdha bese. paraMtu bhUmaka-nahapAna laharAta kuLanA hatA, jayAre sAmotika-cAnTana bhinna kulanA. AthI, AvA kuLabhedane laIneya sTena konono abhiprAya asvIkArya rahe che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke bhUmaka ane sAmotika baMne bhinna vyaktio hatI. bhUmaka ane nahapAna bhUmakanA sikkAmAMnA lakhANanA akSaronA maroDanuM kada pramANamAM moTuM ane enI paMktio jADI tathA lagabhaga kATakhUNe kApatI ADI ane UbhI che; jayAre nahapAnanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 101 sikkAlekhonA akSaronA maroDamAM vaLAMka dAkhala thayelo jovA maLe che ane kadanuM pramANa bhUmakanA akSaronA kada karatAM thoDuM nAnuM dekhAya che. vaLI nahapAnanA sikkAnA agrabhAge sau pahelIvAra rAjAnI mukhAkRti jovA maLe che, je bhUmakanA sikkAmAM jovA maLatI nathI. uparAMta bhUmakanA sikkAnA agrabhAganuM anukaraNa nahapAnanA sikkAonA pRSThabhAge jovuM prApta thAya che. A hakIkato uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke bhUmaka nahapAnano purogAmI hato. kSaharAtonA pradeza sAtavAhana gautamIputra zAtakarNie laI lIdhA ane pachIthI emAMnA keTalAka pradeza sAtavAhano pAsethI cAkhanAdi kSatrapoe pAchA meLavyA e hakIkatane lakSamAM letAM nahapAna cASTanano sIdho purogAmI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. nahapAna tathA cATana tema ja cASTananA vaMzajonA sikkAonA agrabhAge rAjAnI mukhAkRti avazya aMkita thayelI hoya che; jyAre bhUmakanA sikkAo upara mukhAkRtino abhAva che. AthI bhUmaka nahapAnano purogAmI ane nahapAna cASTanano purogAmI hoya e krama vadhu spaSTa thAya che. bhUmakano samaya A rAjAnA sikkA samayanirdeza vinAnA che, paraMtu enA anugAmI ane prAya: enA uttarAdhikArI nahapAnanA samayanA ATha guphAlekhomAMthI keTalAkamAM varSano nirdeza che. A varSonA AdhAre tema ja anya jJApako uparathI nahapAnano samaya nizcita karI, enA purogAmI bhUmikanA samaya-nirNayanuM anumAna karI zakAya. bhUmakanA upalabdha sikkAonuM alpa-saMkhyA-pramANa jotAM eNe bahu lAMbo samaya rAjya karyuM hoya e saMbhavita jaNAtuM nathI. nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSo rAjyakAlanAM hovAnuM ApaNe avalokI gayA chIe ane nahapAnanA saMdarbhe A bAbata have varNavIzuM. enA lekhomAM darzAveluM moDAmAM moDuM jJAta varSa 46 che. AthI eNe ochAmAM ochuM 46 varSa tI rAjya karyuM hovuM joIe. jo nahapAnanuM rAjya cAnTananA rAjamArohaNa pUrve suratamAM ja pUruM thayuM hoya ane cASTananuM rAjya zaka varSa 1(IsvI 78)thI zarU thayuM hoya to nahapAnano rAjayakAla lagabhaga IsvI 32thI 78no athavA jo jaina paraMparA mujaba cAlIsa varSa teNe rAjaya karyuM ema svIkArIe to IsvI 38thI 78no gaNI zakAya, (juo have pachI "nahapAnano samayanirNayano mudo) ane tenA purogAmI bhUmakano sattAkAla kAM to lagabhaga IsvI 23thI 32no, kAM to IsvI 32thI 38no3 hovA saMbhave. rAjayavistAra - bhUmakanA sikkAo gujarAta, mALavA, ajamera vagere sthaLoethI prApta thayA che, tethI tenI sattA te te pradezo para hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya; chatAM sikkAnI prApti mULa sthAnethI thayelI nA hoya to tenAM arvAcIna prApti sthAno uparathI AvuM khAtarIpUrvakanuM anumAna karavuM muzkela gaNAya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 nahapAna sAhityika ane purAvastukIya ema ubhaya prakAranAM sAdhano kSaharAta vaMzanA bIjA rAjA ane prAyaH chellA rAjA tema ja bhUmakanA uttarAdhikArI zAsaka ane cASTananA purogAmI rAjA nahapAnanI rAjakIya ane samakAlIna saMskRti vize keTalIka upAdeyI sAmagrI saMpaDAvI Ape che. sAhityika sAdhanomAM AvazyasUtraniryutti, titoyapatti, harivaMza purANa (jinasena) vicArazrI (merutuMgAcArya), vAyupurALa, periplasa ane Ai-ne-akabarIno samAveza thAya che5. Avazya-mUtranirmuttimAMnI kathAnusAra, vALa te nahapAna ane sAtavAhana te sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNi hovAnuM ghaNA itihAsakAro svIkAre che. A kathAmAMnI anya vigato choDI daIe toya nahapAna ane sAtavAhana rAjA samakAlIna hatA tathA sAtavAhana rAjAe nahapAnane harAvelo e be vigato aitihAsika jaNAya che. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bIjA eka jaina graMtha tiloyapattimAM mahAvIranA nirvANa samaye pAlakano rAjyAbhiSeka thayo, teNe 60 varSa rAjya karyuM. pachI 155 varSa vijayavaMzI rAjAoe, 40 varSa muruNDavaMzIoe, 30 varSa puSpamitre, 60 varSa vasumitra-agnimitre, 100 varSa gaMdharva rAjAoe ane 40 varSa naravAhane rAjya karyuM evI mAhitI ApaNe meLavIe chIe. Ama, A graMthamAMya paravALa(naravAhana-nahapAna)no ullekha che. periplasamAM nAmbunasa rAjAno nirdeza che1. A nAmbunasa te nahapAna che evuM ghaNAkharA vidvAno mAne che. purAvastukIya sAdhanomAM nahapAne paDAvelA sikkAo ane enA samayanA ATha guphAlekhono samAveza thAya che. sikkAothI nahapAna vize, enA rAjyavistAra vize ane samakAlIna sAtavAhana rAjA vize mAhitI prApya thAya che; to enA sattAkAla vize guphAlekho upakAraka mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. tatkAlIna keTalIka sAMskRtika mAhitI paNa abhilekhothI saMprApta thAya che. sikkAo enA vaMza ane guphAlekho enI jAti tema ja vaMza vize mAhitI Ape che. enAM biruda enA cAMdInA sikkAlekhomAM, grIka, brAhmI ane kharoSThI e traNeyamAM, enA mATe rAnAnuM vizeSaNa prayojAyuM che; kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapanuM biruda enA ekeya prakAranA sikkAmAM abhivyakta thayeluM nathI. paraMtu enA jamAInA nAsika ane kArlAnA guphAlekhomAM rAnAnA vizeSaNa sAthe kSatrapanuM vizeSa biruda vaparAyuM che. enA amAtya ayamanA junnaranA guphAlekhamAM rAnAnI sAthe vadhArAmAM be biruda mahAkSatrapa ane svAmI prayojAyelAM che. Ama, rAjA, kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane svAmI ema cAra biruda nahapAna mATe prayojAyAM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. sikkAo ene mAtra rAnA tarIke oLakhAve che tema enA jamAI ane amAtyanA zilAlekhomAMya rAnAnuM biruda che; paraMtu zilAlekhomAM A biruda uparAMta kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane svAmI biruda prayojAyAM hoI evuM anumAna thaI zake ke A cAreya biruda enA koI cokkasa arthamAM nahi paNa zithila rIte vaparAyAM hovAnuM vadhu saMbhavita jaNAya che. uSavadAtta eno For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cha jamAI hovAthI eno najIkano sago kahevAya, eTale e potAnA sasarA pratyenA mAnane kAraNe rAnA sAthe kSatrapanuM biruda koI cokkasa arthane sthAne mAnArthe rAnAnA paryAya tarIke upayoge e svAbhAvika che. evI rIte amAtya potAnA adhipati(mAlika) mATe mAnasUcaka mahAkSatrapa biruda upayoge to teya sahaja che. AmA A baMne biruda ahIM rAjAnA samAnArthI jevAM che. chatAM mahAkSatrapanuM biruda nahapAnanA rAjya-amalanA prAyaH aMtima varSamAM prayojAyuM hoI evo sUcitArtha thaI zake ke e samaye ApaNA dezanA rAjAo mahArAnanA birudathI oLakhAtA hoya ane tethI nahapAne mahArAjJanA paryAya tarIke mahAkSatrapanuM biruda pracalita karyuM hoya; arthAt eNe rAnAnuM mahArAna rUpa na svIkAratAM kSatrapa rUpa svIkAryuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. enA rAjya-amalano samaya 103 enA sattAkAlanI samayAvadhi nirNita karavAnAM sAdhano maryAdita ane saMdigdha che. miti nirdeza vinAnA enA sikkAlekhonuM bAhulya jarAya upakAraka thatuM nathI. jogalathambI nidhinA nahapAnanA sikkAomAMthI be tRtIyAMza jeTalA sikkAo upara AMdhranA sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNae potAnI chApa aMkita karI hoI baMnenI samakAlInatA nahapAnanA sattAsamayane jANavAmAM upAdeyI banI rahe che; paraMtu AMdhranA sAtavAhana zAsakonA sattAkAla sAru vidvAnomAM ghaNo matabheda pravarte che. to sAtavAhana rAjAonA samayane nirNita karavA kAje keTalAka vidvAno kSatrapa rAjAonuM aTAmaNa le che. eTale kSaharAta vaMza ane sAtavAhana vaMzanI samakAlInatA nahapAnanA sattAkAlane jANavAmAM (eTale ke sikkAo) paNa upayogI thatI nathI; kema ke A bAbata 'bIjAMkura nyAya' jevI che. jinasenanA harivaMza-purANamAMnI ane paTTAvatti-thAmAMnI mAhitI nahapAne keTalo samaya rAjya karyuM eno nirdeza kare che. A baMne sAhityika srota nahapAnane IsvIpUrva 100thI 58nI vacce adhipati hovAnuM sUcave che. purANo ene chellA zRMga rAjAonA (IsvIpUrvanI prathama sadImAM) samayamAM sattAdhIza hovAnuM jaNAve che. paraMtu tethI te cokkasa kayA samayagALA daramyAna vidyamAna hato te nizcita thatuM nathI. Ama, AnuzrutIka sAhityathI paNa eno samayanirNayano ukela hAthavago thato nathI. periplasamAM rAjA nAmbunasano ullekha nahapAnanA saMdarbhamAM thayo hovAnuM vidvAno have svIkAre che. periplasano samaya emAM ullikhita rAjAonA AdhAre nizcita karavAnA prayAsa thayA che. pariNAme vibhinna vidvAnoe eno bhinna bhinna racanAkALa darzAvyo che5. paraMtu moTAbhAganA vidvAno enI racanA IsunI pahelI sadInA uttarArdhamAM thaI hovAno abhiprAya dharAve che. AthI, nahapAnane periplasano samakAlIna gaNI IsunI pahelI sadInA trIjA-cothA caraNa daramyAna vidyamAna hovAnuM jaNAve che, je bAbata svIkArya banatI nathI kema ke IsunA prathama zatakanA cothA caraNamAM to kArdamaka vaMzanA rAjAono sattAkAla AraMbha thaI cUkyo hoya che. AthI, periplasano AdhAra paNa 'bIjAMkura nyAya' (argument in a circle) jevo hoI pUrNapaNe zraddheyatAthI svIkArI zakAya nahIM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta guphAlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSo kayA saMvatanAM ? nahapAnanA samayanA ATha guphAlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa 41, 42, 45 ane 46 enA zAsanakAlane jaNAvAnuM mahattvanuM sAdhana che. A varSo kayA saMvatanAM che e sAru cAra sUcitArtha atyAra sudhImAM abhivyakta thayA che : prAcIna zaka saMvata, vikrama saMvata, zaka saMvata ane rAjayakAlanAM varSa. have A abhiprAya ahIM avalokIe. prAcIna zaka saMvata : A matanA pravartaka che jAyasvAla ane sTena kono. prAcIna zaka saMvatano AraMbha IsvIpUrva 123mAM thayo hovAnuM svIkArIne jAyasvAle nahapAnane IsvIpUrva 82thI 77 sudhI rAjaya karyuM hoya evo abhiprAya Apyo che. A saMvatano prAraMbha IsvIpUrva 83mAM thayo che evuM mAnI sTena kono nahapAnane IsvIpUrva pa7nI AsapAsa mUke che. ubhayane anumodana ApI satyazrAva paNa nahapAnanA guphAlekhomAMnA varSane prAcIna zaka saMvatanA hovAnuM svIkAre che. paraMtu nahapAnanA sattAkAlane IsvIsananI pUrve mUkI zakAya nahIM. A vidvAno paNa saMvatanA AraMbhakALa vize eka mata nathI. vastutaH to prAcIna zaka saMvatanI zarUAta IsvIpUrva 71 ke 61mAM thaI hovAnI sAmAnya mAnyatA che. AthI, nahapAnanA guphAlekhomAMnAM varSa prAcIna zaka saMvatanAM hovAnuM maMtavya svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI. | vikrama saMvata : A matanA mukhya pravartaka che sara elekajhAMDara kaniMgahama. emane anusarI sTena kono, bakhale, DyubreIla, nIlakaMTha zAstrI jevA vidvAno paNa Avo mata darzAve che 9. nahapAnanA samayanAM sthApatyanAM lakSaNo, zilAlekhonI lipinA akSaronI zoDAsanA mathurAnA lekhonI lipinA akSaro sAthenI samakAlInatA, nahapAnanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 46 ane AMdha lekhomAMnuM varSa para tema ja e baMne varSa vaccenA cha varSanA gALAmAM banelA banAvone 30 goThavavAnI azakyatA vagere jevA muddAonI chaNAvaTa karI tathA vikrama saMvatano AraMbha nahapAnanA rAjayakAlathI thayo hovAnuM mAnI A vidvAno nahapAnanA zAsanakAlane vikrama saMvatI gaNatarIe IsvIpUrva pa8thI 12 daramyAna goThave che. * paraMtu ApaNe noMdhyuM tema dolatapura ane AndhaumAMthI hAtha lAgelA cASTananA samayanA yaSTIlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa 6 ane 11ne dhyAnamAM letAM nahapAnanA rAjyanA aMta ane cASTananA zAsananA AraMbha vacce Azare so varSano khAlI gALo rahelo jaNAya che. kSaharAta rAjyanuM umUlana karanAra gautamIputra ane kSaharAta rAjyanA prApta karelA pradezamAMnA uttara taraphanA vistAro gumAvI denAra vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi ke vAsiSThIputra zAtakarSinA samaya vaccenuM TUMkuM aMtara lakSyamAM levAthI ukta lAMbo gALo saMbhavita jaNAto nathI. tethI nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAMnAM varSa vikrama saMvatanA cokaThAmAM goThavI zakAtAM nathI. zaka saMvata : repsana A matanA mukhya pravartaka che. cAkhanAdi vaMzonA rAjAonA sikkAmAM prayojAyelo saMvata nahapAnanA lekhomAM upayogAyo hovAno saMbhava, enA guphAlekhomAM ulikhita kuzaLa zabda, nahapAna kuSANono sUbo vagere muddAonA saMdarbhamAM repsane A For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cha abhiprAya darzAvyo che. ruzaLa zabda ane kuSANono sUbo hovAnA mata A graMthalekhake khoTA hovAnuM agAu sAbita karyuM ja che, tethI repsananI A baMne dalIlo svIkArya rahetI nathI. dolatapura ane AMdhaumAMthI varSa 6 ane varSa 11nA anukrame prApta lekho pachI nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAMnAM varSa 41thI 46 cASTananA samayanA yaSTilekhomAMnAM varSa 6, 11 ane 52nI madhyamAM Ave che. nahapAna cASTanano purogAmI hovAnI hakIkata ApaNe avalokI gayA tema ja bhUmaka, nahapAna, cASTrana ane jayadAmAnA sikkAono vigatavAra abhyAsa ubhayanI samakAlInatAno muddo nirmULa banAve che. AthI A varSo zaka saMvatanAM hovAno mata pratipAdita thaI zakato nathI. 105 rAjyakAlanAM varSa H periplasanA AdhAre vidvAnonuM eka jUtha. prastuta maMtavya darzAve che. uparAMta vema zinA sikkAo nahapAnanA rAjyamAM pracAramAM hatA", to bhUmaka-nahapAnanA sikkA uparanAM pratIko spAlirisa ane aya rajAnA sikkAo paranAM pratIko sAthe sAmya dharAve chepa. A badhI vigato paNa nahapAnanAM varSa enA rAjyakAlanAM che tenA samarthanamAM upAdeyI nIvaDe che. periplasanA racanAkAlano vivAda dUra thAya nahIM tyAM sudhI nahapAnano samaya nirNita karavAmAM periplasano AdhAra nirNAyaka thato nathI. paraMtu vema phaeNizanA sikkAo nahapAnanA rAjyavistAramAMthI hAtha lAgyA che e hakIkata nahapAnanAM varSa rAjyakAlanAM hovAnA abhiprAyane samarthana bakSe che; kema ke vema kamphiza e kuSANavaMzano sthApaka rAjA hato. vaLI bhUmaka-nahapAna kuSANonA, khAsa karIne kaNiSkanA, upa2Aja na hatA e ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA chIe (juo pRSTha 80thI 82). vaLI kaNiSkano sattAkAla rAjA rudradAmAnA amalanA aMta pachI ane mathurAnA nAgavaMzI rAjAonA amala pUrve hoya te saMbhavita che. (juo prakaraNa navaH kaNiddhano samayanirNaya). AthI nahapAna vema kaphaeNizano samakAlIna hovA saMbhave. uparAMta zaka saMvatano pravartaka cASTana hato e ApaNe puravAra karyuM che (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa pAMca). A badhI hakIkatone dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM nahapAnanA guphAlekhomAMnAM varSa rAjyakAlanAM hovA vize khasUsa koI zaMkAne avakAza nathI. nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAM ullikhita varSa 41 ane 46nA anusaMdhAne evuM sUcita thaI zake ke nahapAne ochAmAM ochAM 46 varSa to rAjasattA bhogavI hatI. nahapAnanuM rAjya varSa 46 pachI thoDA samayamAM ja pUruM thayuM hoya. eTale teNe Azare IsvI 32thI IsvI 78 sudhImAM rAjakAja saMbhALyuM hoya. paraMtu enA rAjyakAlanAM varSomAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 46 enA purogAmI bhUmakanA samAveza sAthe gaNatarImAM laIe ane jaina AnuzrutIka AdhAronA saMdarbhe nahapAnano rAjya-amala Azare 40 varSano hovAnuM svIkArIe to saMbhava che ke eNe Azare IsvI 38thI 78 sudhI sattAnAM sUtro saMbhALyA hoya. zakya che ke kSahAratanA vaMzanA baMne rAjAoe kula maLIne saMbhavataH paMcAvaneka varSa rAjya karyuM hoya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta enI rAjadhAnI enA samayanA zilAlekhomAM govardhana (nAsika pAse), karpara AhAra (kApura, mahArASTra), cikhalapadra (cikhalI, gujarAta ?), prabhAsa (somanAtha pATaNa), bharukaccha (bharUca), dazapura (hAlanuM maMdasora), zUrpAraka (hAlanuM sopArA), rAmatIrtha (saMbhavataH rAmakuMDa, mahArASTra), puSkara (ajemara pAse), nAnaMgola (saMjANa pAsenuM nAragola), ujjana vagere sthaLono ullekha che. A badhAM sthaLomAM koI amuka viziSTa mahattva darzAvyuM nathI. dareka sthaLe eka yA bIjA prakAranAM dAna ApyAno kevaLa ullekha che. tethI A badhAM tIrthasthAno hovAnuM sUcavAya; vahIvaTI sthAno hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya nahIM. A lekhonAM prApti-sthAno hAlanA mahArASTramAM AvelAM che, jayAre dAnanAM sthaLo mahArASTra, gujarAta, madhyapradeza ane rAjasthAnamAM AvelAM che. keTalAka vidvAnoe ujana, mInanagara ane bharUcane nahapAnanI rAjadhAnInAM sthaLavizeSa tarIke sUcavavAno prayAsa karyo che; to keTalAke zUrpAraka, govardhana, dazapura, puSkara vagereno saMbhava rAjadhAnInA mathaka tarIke vyakta karyo che. ujjana : tilyonI patrayanI gAthA mujaba ujjananI gAdI upara balamitra-bhAnumitra pachI nabha:sena(nahapAna) Avyo. tethI te nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI hovAno saMbhava sUcavAyo 38. uSavadAre karelAM dAnamAM urjanano samAveza thAya che. paraMtu A sivAya anya sIdhAM pramANo prApta thatAM na hoI una nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI hovAnuM sAbita thatuM nathI. mInanagara : periplasamAM be jagyAe A sthaLano ullekha che (juo kaMDikA 38 ane 41). AmAMthI kaMDikA 41mAMno ullekha nAbunasanA saMdarbhamAM che. paraMtu pUrvApara saMbaMdha jotAM A ullekha spaSTataH surASTra pradezanA mukhya nagarane saMdarbhe hoI zake. AthI, mInanagara nahapAnanA rAjayanuM pATanagara saMbhavI zake nahIM. bharUca : AvazyasUtra-niryu$i ne AdhAre jAyasvAla nahapAnanI rAjadhAnInA sthaLa tarIke bharUca hovAnI saMbhAvanA abhivyakta kare che39. periplasamAM nahapAnanA rAjayano je vistAra darzAvAyo che temAM bharUcano samAveza thAya che. paraMtu enA sikkAno ghaNo moTo jaththo mahArASTranA nAsika jillAnA jogala thambImAMthI prApta thayo chedeg, jayAre bharUcamAMthI hajI sudhI, enA sikkA hAthavagA thayA nathI. paraMtu nahapAnano parAjaya sAtavAhana rAjAne hAthe thayAnI noMdha A niryuktimAM che, jene vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA eka lekhamAMnA 'gautamIputre kSaharAta vaMzano nirmULa karyAnA ullekhathI samarthana maLe che. nahapAna e kSaharAta vaMzano prAyaH chello jJAta rAjA hovAnuM saMbhave che. eTale bharUca e nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. eno rAjyavistAra enA rAjyanI rAjadhAnI bAbate ghaNAM sthaLonuM sUcana thayuM che, je uparathI eno rAjyavistAra keTalo haze eno sahaja aMdAja AvI zake che. enA rAjayanI bhaugolika sImA nirNita karavA kAje be sAdhano cheH sikkAonAM prAptisthAno tathA puSkaramAMthI prApta tAMbAnA thoDA sikkA ane jUnAgaDhamAMthI prApta cAMdInA thoDAka sikkA. jogalathambIno sikkAnidhi to sukhyAta For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cha che. AthI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke nahapAnanA rAjyamAM hAlanA mahArASTrano pazcima bhUbhAgano keTaloka pradeza, gujarAtano saurASTra vistAra ane uttaramAM ajema2 sudhIno keTaloka pradeza samAvI zakAya. 107 enA samayanA guphAlekhomAM nahapAnanA jamAI, putrI ane amAtye keTalAMka sthaLoe dAna karyAno nirdeza che, je sthaLo prAyaH enA rAjyamAM AvelAM hoya. ujjainamAM dAna karyAno, puSkaramAM jaI snAna karyAno tathA 3000 gAyo ane eka gAma dAnamAM ApyAno ullekha che. uparAMta bharukaccha, zUrpAraka, kapUra AhAra, prabhAsa, dazapura vagere sthaLoe dAna karyAno nirdeza che. nAsikanA sAtavAhana rAjAonA zilAlekhomAMthIya nahapAnanA rAjyanI hadano khyAla maLI rahe che. tadanusAra surASTra, kukura, aparAnta, Aka2AvaMti vagere pradezone nahapAnanA rAjyamAM samAvI zakAya . Ama, nahapAnanA rAjyanI hada uttaramAM ajemara sudhI, dakSiNamAM dakSiNa gujarAta, ane uttara koMkaNa tema ja ahamadanagara, nAsika ane pUNe jillo tathA pazcimamAM surASTra sudhI ane pUrvamAM mALavA sudhI hovAnuM saMbhave. (juoH nakazo naMba2 2). Adarza rAjavI nahapAna guphAlekho uparathI nahapAnanA jamAI uSavadAttanAM dharmaparAyaNa manovalaNa vize thoDIka mAhitI maLe che, paNa nahapAna vize rAnA kSatrapa evA biruda sivAya anya kazuM jANavuM prApta thatuM nathI. AvazyasUtra-niyaMttimAM varNita kathA jo ke nahapAna vize ThIka ThIka mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. kathAnusAra nahapAnanA pratispardhI sAtavAhana rAjAnA nirvAsita maMtrIne potAnA aMgata maMtrI tarIke nahapAna svIkAre che ane te maMtrInI sUcanAnusAra dAnadharmAdAnAM kAryo kare che te uparathI enuM udAraciratra ane dharmiSTha rAjA tarIkenuM citra upasatuM joI zakAya che. A kathA jaina graMthamAM hoI saMbhavataH nahapAna jainAvalaMbI hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya. naravAha ke naravAhana nAmano rAjA tenI uttarAvasthAmAM jaina muni thayo ane teNe bhUtabali nAma aMgikAra karyuM ane dharasenAcArya pAse jaina siddhAMtono abhyAsa karyo evuM jaina anuzruti noMdhe chepa. enA jamAI uSavadAtte ApelAM guphAdAna bauddhadharmanA pravrujitonA saMghane ApelAM che; to gAyonAM dAna, snAna ityAdino mahimA, brAhmaNone ApelAM dAna, brahmabhojana vagere jevA ullekhoya che ja. AthI, AvAM dAnapUNyakAryo brAhmaNadharma ane bauddhadharmane AvarI letAM hatAM. jo ke emAM jainadharmano samAveza thato hato ke kema e bAbate koI spaSTa nirdeza nathI. AthI, nahapAnanA, enA rAjyanA ke uSavadAttanA dharma vize kazuM spaSTataH kahevuM muzkela che. evuM anumAnI zakAya ke nahapAnanA rAjyaamala daramyAna ApaNA te vakhatanA gujarAtamAM traNeya dharmanuM potapotAnuM sthAna haro. enA amAtya ayamanA varSa 46nA lekhathI sUcita thAya che ke tenA rAjyanA amalanA aMtabhAge ene ayama nAmano amAtya hato. anya adhikArIonI mAhitI maLatI nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta uSavadAttanA eka lekhamAM dhUrAhore evo ullekha che. A uparathI mahAne (vartamAna jillAnA paryAya samo) vahIvaTI vibhAga gaNAvI zakAya. nahapAnanuM rAjya bahAra nAmathI vahIvaTI vibhAgathI vibhAjita haze. gAvasUtra- nijI nahapAnane ati samRddha rAjavI tarIke oLakhAve che. AthI enA sattAkALa daramyAna enI prajA sukhI haze ane rAjyanI tijorI samRddha saMpanna haze. vizALa sAmrAjyano adhipati hovA chatAMya enI sainika zakti vize koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. periplasa nahapAnane zokhIna rAjA tarIke varNave che : dA.ta. rAjAne sAru UMcA prakAranAM rUpAnAM vAsaNa, aMtaHpura vAste rUpALI bAMdIo, UMcI koTIno dArU ane lepa videzathI AvatAM hatAM,kaho ke AyAta thatAM hatAM ja. nahapAnane padmAvatI nAmanI patnI ane dakSamitrA nAmanI putrI hatAM. putrI dakSamitrAne dInIkanA putra uSavadAtta sAthe paraNAvI hatI. dakSamitro ane uSavadAranAM nAmabhidhAna uparathI e baMnee bhAratIya saMskRti apanAvI hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. enA samayanA guphAlekhomAM enA jamAI-dIkarInA saMkhyAbaMdha ullekha Ave che jayAre enA koI putrano kyAMya ullekha sarakho jovA maLato nathI. AthI e samaye ene puSTha vayano koI putra hovA asaMbhave che. ra pAdanoMdha 1. lAyaka ane eno putra patika (juo : sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 120-21). ghaTAka. mathurA najIkanA gaNezarA pAsethI phaoNgelane ghaTAka nAmanA rAjAno eka khaMDita zilAlekha hAtha lAgyo hato (juo : jaraoNeso., 1912, pRSTha 121, rAya caudharI, pohieI., pRSTha 450 ane 484). 3. kSaharAta vaMzanA eka anya rAjAnA sikkA maLyA che (aLatekara, nyUsoi., pustaka 12, pRSTha 5 ane trivedI, ejana, pustaka 17, pRSTha 89-90, paTTa 15, naMbara 9). sikkAnA AdhAre A rAjA kSaharAta kSatrapa arta (aMta) hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. A rAjAnA sikkAnA agrabhAge siMhastaMbha, dharmacakra ane brAhmI lipimAM lekha-kSatisa kSatrapakSa tasa- tathA pRSThabhAge hAthamAM puSpamALA dhAraNa karelI devanI AkRti ane grIka lekha che. lakhANamAMnA akSaronA maroDanA AdhAre A baMne vidvAna kSahArata kSatrapa artane bhUmakanA purogAmI zAsaka tarIke oLakhAve che. paraMtu A rAjA kyAMno hato ke te bhUmaka-nahapAna sAthe kevA prakAranA saMbaMdha dharAvato hato e vize cokkasa mAhitI upalabdha nathI. AthI A rAjA takSazilA, mathurA ke gujarAtano hato enI jANakArI prApta thaI nathI. enA sattApradeza ke samayAvadhi vize kazuM spaSTapaNe kahevuM muzkela che. ajayamitra zAstrI madhu rUAna nAmanA eka bIjA rAjAno ullekha kare che kSaharAta vaMzanA zAsaka tarIke. kaccha jillAmAMthI A rAjAnA thoDAka tAMbAnA sikkA hAtha lAgyA che. enA sikkAnA agrabhAge dakSiNAbhimukha UbhelI Nike nAmanI devInI AkRti che. enA baMne hAthamAM hAramALA che ane sikkAnI kinArane samAMtara grIka lekha khaMDitAvasthAmAM che. pRSThabhAgamAM be staMbha che, jemAM DAbo siMhazIrSathI zobhe che ane jamaNo cakrazIrSathI sohe che. brAhmImAM lekha che-kSadaratisa kSatraparsa madhuDasa yAnasa, sikkAnI kinArane samAMtara. nA devInI AkRti bhAratIya grIka, bhAratIyasIthiyana ane bhAratIyapallava sikkAo upara jovA maLe che. paraMtu pazcima bhAratamAM A For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa chA 109 devI-AkRti pahelaprathama jovA maLI. AthI evuM anumAna thayuM ke kSaharAto uttaramAMthI AvyA hoya. (juo : dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, pRSTha 144). jo ke A bAbate hajI vadhu anveSaNa apekSita che. to vaLI dilIpa rAjagora re nAmanA kSaharAtavaMzI rAjAnI noMdha kare che, emanA eka lekhamAM'abheraka : dha aliesTa vesTarna kSatrapa' nyumijhamaeNTika penoramA-esejha ina memarI oNva esa.ema.zukla (saMpAdako : ke.ke mAhezvarI ane vizvajita ratha) dilhI, pRSTha 129-42. 4. resana, kaeNTalaoNga., pRSTha 64, naMbara 237-240. 5. jarnala eziyATika, pustaka 11, pRSTha 191 ane pustaka 12, pRSTha 37-45., kaoNhiI, pustaka 2, pRSTha 274. 6. kA~Ii., pustaka 2, pRSTha 70., ikvioN .. pustaka 14, pRSTha 142., kaoNhiI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 274 ane 276, pAdanoMdha 1. 7. jaraoNeso., 1906, pRSTha 211. 8. juo have pachIno muddo : bhUmaka ane nahapAna. uparAMta repsana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 87; ahiAMkaDa, | pRSTha 50. 9. devarAsa, praIhika., 1940, pRSTha 148. 10. kevaLa nAmonA arthamAM rahelA sAmyathI be vyaktio vaccenI samAnatA sAbita thatI nathI. dA.ta. kumAragupta ane skaMdagupta (pohiei., pRSTha pa05). AthI, nAmavAcaka zabdonA arthasAmyathI bhUmaka ane ssAmotika eka ja hovAnuM puravAra thatuM nathI. bIjuM cASTrananA sikkAo ane zilAlekho enA pitA tarIke sAmotikanuM nAma spaSTa darzAve che. baMnenAM kuLa bhinna che te dhyAnArha rahe. 11. bhamakanA tAMbAnA sikkAnI savaLI bAja uparanAM pratIka nahapAnanA cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikkAnI avaLI bAju upara dRzyamAna thAya che. (juo : repsana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 87-88). eka vyaktinA sikkAnI savaLI bAju (agrabhAga) jo bIjI vyaktinA sikkAnI avaLI bAju (pRSThabhAga) hoya to prathama vyakti purogAmI gaNAya. 12. kSatrapavaMzonA 30 zAsakomAMthI ghaNAkharA rAjAoe sarerAza daza varSa sattAkAla bhogavyo hovAnuM emanI sAlavArIthI sUcita thAya che. A saMdarbhamAM bhUmake paNa Azare daza varSa rAjya karyuM hoya evI aTakaLa karIe, to nahapAnanA purogAmI tarIke teNe IsvI 23thI 32 sudhI sattA saMbhALI hovAnuM saMbhavita hoI zake. 13. jinasenanA 'harivaMza purANa'-mAMnI gAthA nahapAne 42 varSa ane paTTAvanI gAthA tathA tino paUta 40 varSa sudhI rAjaya karyuM hovAnuM noMdhe che. baMne ullekho sIdhA nahapAnanA saMdarbhamAM hoI evuM sUcita thAya che ke kadAca eNe cAlIsa-beMtAlIsa varSa rAjaya karyuM hoya. enA zilAlekhomAM chelluM jJAta varSa 46 che ane te tenA rAjakAlanuM che. jo A chaMtAlIsa varSa bhUmaka ane nahapAna baMnene mATe hovAnuM svIkArIe ane jo jainAnuzruti mujaba nahapAne cAlIsa varSa rAjya karyuM hoya to bhUmake kevaLa cha varSa ja rAjya karyAno aMdAja mUkI zakAya. 14. sikkAonAM prApti sthAno uparathI itihAsanirUpaNa vAstanA ghaNA koyaDA ukelAyA che to saMkhyAtI prazno uddabhavyA paNa che. AnI sAdhakabAdhaka sodAharaNa carcA vAste juo : raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, amadAvAda, 1976, prakaraNa 4 (bhAratIya itihAsanirUpaNamAM sikkAo : keTalIka maryAdAonuM avalokana), pRSTha 29thI 36 ane A ja lekhakano aMgrejI lekha : "Dajha dha phAInDaspaoNTa oNva kaoNinsa rIalI thro lAITa oNna hisTorikala jayaoNgrAphsa ?', joi., pustaka 22, For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta aMka 3, 1973, pRSTha 361 thI. 15. ulikhita A badhA graMthomAM nahapAnanuM nAma bhinna rIte prayojAyeluM che : divA (visUtra niksi), paravAha ( tino paUtti juo prakaraNa 2, pAdanoMdha 22), naravAdana (rivaMza purANa, sarga 60, zloka 490), navaha (vivAranI, pRSTha 2-3), nahA ( utaththotI patraya, zloka 622), naravadaUT ( tapA/cha-paTTAti, zloka 63), nAbunasa (periplasa,gujarAtI anuvAda, phakaro 41, pRSTha 18), naravAdana (Aine-akabarI, eca.esa.jAreTa saMpAdita, 1891, pustaka 2, pRSTha 215, pAdanodha 1). 16. kathAnI vigato vAste juo : bhA.ja.sAMDesarA, jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta, pRSTha 91-92. 17. polieI., pRSTha 221; sII., naMbara 83, 84, 86; ahiDe., pRSTha 23. 18. gautamI putra zAtakarNie nahapAnanA sikkAo upara potAnI chApa paDAvI che e hakIkata jogalathabbImAMthI prApta nahapAnanA sikkAnidhithI jANI zakAyuM che tathA vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA eka lekhamAM gautamIputra zAtakarNie kSaharAtone nirmULa karyAno nirdeza che. A be purAvazeSIya hakIkato sAhityika vigatanuM samarthana kare che (vadhu vigatavAra carcA mATe juo A ja prakaraNamAM nahapAna vizenuM varNana tema ja have pachInA prakaraNa dazamAM pazcima bhAratanA be pramukha rAjavaMzo. 19. juo upAdhdha ane jaina saMpAdita tistoya pAchatti, 1943, pRSTha 342, zloka 150thI 1507. uparAMta juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa 5, pAdanoMdha 20. 20. mahAvIra svAmInuM nivaNavarSa che IsvIpUrva pa28 (juo kalyANavijayajI, naina vAnInA, pRSTha 159-60). A daSTie nahapAnano sattAkAla IsvIpUrve pahelI sadImAM goThavavo paDe je svIkArya nathI. juo havenI pAdanoMdha 22 ane 25mAM periplasano racanAkAla. 21. duSyata paMDyA, periplasa, phakaro 41, pRSTha 18. mULa grIka rUpa Mambaros che (jaraoNeso., 1946, pRSTha 170). skaoNpha vagere Mambanos pATha svIkAre che (juo : lalitakalA, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 13). uparAMta enAM vividha rUpa paNa prApya che : Manbrus, Manbros, Mambarus, Membanes vagere (jaraoNeso., 1907, pRSTha 1043). pUrvakAlamAM jyAre mudraNavijJAna astitvamAM na hatuM tyAre pratyanupratinI paddhati hatI. A kAraNe mULa nAmanA rUpamAM pheraphAra thavAno saMbhava raheto. tethI A vividha rUpa tadanusAra saMbhavita gaNAya. 22. ema. lAyare nAbunasa e nahapAna hovAnuM sUcavyuM che (jarnala eziyATika, julAI-ogasTa, 1897, pRSTha 120thI). uparAMta juo : skaoNpha, jaraoNeso., 1917, pRSTha 829,, sTena kono, IhikvaoN., pustaka 14, pRSTha 14. periplasano racanAkAla sAmAnya rIte pahelI sadInA uttarArdhano sUcavAyo che. e samaye pazcima bhAratanAM je rAjavaMzo vidyamAna hatA te paikI sAtavAhana rAjAomAMthI nAmasAmyanI dRSTie koIneya nAbunasa sAthe sarakhAvI zakIe tema nathI (kArya khaMDAlavAla, lalitakalA, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 13). to vaLI cAkhanAdi rAjAomAMthI koIne nAbunasa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tema nathI; kema ke periplasamAM A vaMzano ullekha nathI. tema ja teno racanAkAla paNa cAkhanAdi vaMzo sAthe baMdha besato nathI. eTale A rAjA kSaharAta vaMzano hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. bhUmakano rAjyavistAra sunizcita nathI (juo A prakaraNamAM te bAbata), tema vistRta paNa nathI. eTale eka kalyANa sudhI jenuM rAjaya vistareluM hoya tevo rAjA to nahapAna hoI zake. eTale nahapAna ja nAbunasa hovAno mata vadhu saMbhavita ane itihAsI dekhAya che. 23. jabioriso., pustaka 1, pRSTha 102., ie., 1917, pRSTha 152., IkvioN ., puska 14, pRSTha For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa che 111 143 rivaMza-purANamAM ApelI kAlagaNanAmAM mauryavaMza mATe 40 varSano ati TUMko gALo Apyo che te ane nahapAna pachI 280 varSe guptavaMza zarU thAya che te dhyAnamAM laI Ama sUcavAyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. paraMtu mauryonI bAbatamAM A kAlagaNanA tarkazuddha jaNAtI nathI ane tethI nahapAnanA samaya aMgenI A aTakaLa paNa zaMkAspada jaNAya che. 24. pArjiTara, DAyanesTIjha oNva dha kalI eja, 1913, pRSTha 49, satyazrAva, pRSTha 62 ane IhikvaoN., pustaka 13, pRSTha 201. 25. skaoNpha eno racanAkAla IsvI 70 ane 89nI vacce sacave che (jaraoNeso.. 1917. pai 830). mekakinDalanA mate IsvI 80thI 89 (ie., pustaka 8, pRSTha 108) ane keneDInA mate IsvI 7071 (jaraoNeso., 1918, pRSTha 111-112) daramyAna periplasa racAyo hato. ghoSa vaLI IsvI 90mAM eno racanAkALa pUro thayAnuM sUcave che (ikvioN ., pustaka 7, pRSTha 112). to kAle khaMDAlavAla IsvI 50thI 6pano samaya sUcave che (lalitakalA, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 15). 26. paraMtu ramezacaMdra majumadAra jevA vidvAno periplasane IsunI trIjI sadImAM mUke che (ikvioN ., pustaka 38, naMbara 2-3, pRSTha 89thI 97). te sAthe majumadAra nAbunasa e nahapAna nathI evo mata pradarzita kare che (ejana, pRSTha 94). paNa, to pachI, te kayo rAjA che te to sUcavatA nathI. AthI emanA abhiprayanI A eka nabaLI kaDI dhyAnamAM levAthI emano mata svIkArya jaNAto nathI. 27. A traNeya vidvAnonA maMtavyonI vigatavAra carcA mATe juo : satyazrAva, pRSTha papathI pa7. 28. rAjabalI pAnDeya, inDiyana peliyoMgrAza, pRSTha 195-96. 29. kaniMgahama, jaraoNeso., 1926, pRSTha 643thI; kono, ei., pustaka 14, pRSTha 137; bakhale, jabaoNbAraoNeso., 1927, pRSTha 66, dhUMbaIla, ahiDe., pRSTha 20-25; nIlakaMTha zAstrI, jaraoNeso., 1926, pRSTha 643thI. 30. dA.ta.(1) nahapAnanA rAjayano aMta, (2) kSaharAta vaMzano aMta, (3) cATananAM kSatrapa tarIke rAjyArohaNa, zAsanakAla ane mahAkSatrapa tarIke rAjyArohaNa ne zAsanakAla, (4) jayadAmAnAM kSatrapa tarIke rAjyArohaNa ane zAsanakAla tathA (pa) rudradAmAno kSatrapa tarIkeno rAjaya-amala vagere. paraMtu cANananA samayanA varSa nA dolatapura zilAlekha ane varSa 11nA AMdha zilAlekhathI have cha varSanA gALAmAM ghaTelI ghaTanAone goThavavAno muddo dhyAnArha raheto nathI. 31. keTalaoNga., phakaro 89; e.ema.boyara, jarnala eziyATika, 1897, pRSTha 102; bhAMDArakara, ie., 1918, pRSTha 76-78; rAyacaudharI, polieI., pRSTha 488thI; zrIkAMta zAstrI, jarnala oNva baoNmbe hisTorikala sosAyaTI, pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 135thI. 32. bhUmaka ane nahapAnanA tAMbAnA sikkA goLa che, jayAre cAruna ane jayadAmAnA corasa, bhUmaka ane nahapAnanA tAMbAnA sikkAnA agrabhAge kharoSThI lipimAM rAjAnuM nAma aMkita che, jyAre cAdana ane jayadAmAnA tAmRsikkAnA agrabhAgamAM grIka lipi ane bhASAmAM lakhANa che. cANana ane jayadAmAnA tAMbAnA sikkAnA pRSThabhAge sau prathama vakhata parvatAdi cihno aMkita thayelAM jovA maLe che. A uparAMta nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkAmAM agrabhAge rAjAnuM uttarAMga (bust) sau prathamavAra jovuM prApta thAya che, je bAbata te pachI cAdana ane enA vaMzajonA cAMdInA sikkAo upara ekadhArI rIte jovA maLe che. cArunanA sikkAmAMnA pRSThabhAga uparanAM parvatAdi cihno nahapAnanA tAmrasikkA ke rajatasikkA upara aMkita thayelAM nathI. AthI nahapAna ane rASTranA purogAmI-anugAmIno saMbaMdha vadhAre svAbhAvika jaNAya che. 33. ghoSa, ikvioN .. pustaka 7, pRSTha 122; gopAlAcArI, ahi AMka, 1941, pRSTha 53-59; For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta abatakara, pradahikaoN., nAgapura adhivezana, 1950, pRSTha 39-42; sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, pRSTha 43 47; kAle khaMDAlavAla, lalitakalA, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 16-25. 34. vI.esa. devarAsa, praIhikaoN., lAhora adhivezana, 1940, pRSTha 152-53 35. kaoNhiI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 274. 36. juo nakazo naMbara 2. 37. ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 16; ie., pustaka 47, pRSTha 71. jo ke A badhAM sthaLono ullekha kadAca jillAnA mathako tarIke thayo hoI zake. tethI ApaNe have ujajana, mInanagara ane bharUca e traNamAMthI kayuM sthaLa pATanagara haze teno vicAra karIe. 38. muni kalyANavijayajI, vIra nirvANa saMvata maura jaina vArtAnanA, pRSTha 56-58. 39. jabioriso., 1930, pRSTha 230. A kathAmAM nahapAna ane gautamIputra vaccenA yuddhanI vAta noMdhAI che. bharukacchano nabhovAhana rAjA kozasamRddha hato jayAre pratiSThAnano sAlavAhana rAjA balasamRddha hato evo nirdeza A kathAmAM che. AthI, bharukaccha ane pratiSThAna baMne ubhaya rAjAonAM pATanagara hovAnuM sUcavAya che. vaLI sAlavAhanano amAtya pratiSThAna choDI bharukacchamAM vase che ane nabhovAhana sAthe dago rame che. A uparathI bharukaccha nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI hovI joIe evuM anumAnI zakAya. 40. AnuM mukhya kAraNa to nahapAnane harAvyA pachI sAtavAhana rAjAe nahapAnanA sikkA upara pratichApa (counter stuck) aMkita karI te sikkAo calaNamAM lIdhA te che. moTo jaththo maLyo hovAthI te sthaLa rAjadhAnI hoI zake. paraMtu ahIM to moTA jaththAnI upalabdhi jaya-parAjayanA pAyAmAM che. 41 enA samayanA guphAlekhomAM enAM dIkarI-jamAIno vAraMvAra ullekha Ave che. jayAre enA koI putrano ullekha kyAMya nathI. AthI, prAyaH te aputra hovAnuM kahI zakAya. 42. sAmAnyataH rAjAo vaccenA yuddha pATanagaramAM ke pATanagaranAM prAMgaNamAM khelAtAM hoya che. A bAbata A saMdarbhe dhyAnArha gaNAya. nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekho ane enA sikkAlekhonAM prApti sthAno uparathI enI rAjasattAnuM vaDuM mathaka hAlanA mahArASTramAM koI parvakAlIna nagaramAM hovAnuM saMbhave. paNa zilAlekho to enA jamAI uSavadAre korAvyA che ane utkIrNa karAvyA che ane teya te mAtra guphAdAnane lagatA hoI pazcimaghATanA DuMgaromAMthI maLyA che. eNe nAsikathI puSkara sudhInA vistAromAM dAna dIdhelAM che paNa pazcimaghATanA pradezamAM zailagrahonAM dAna dIdhelAM hoI e jaLavAI rahyAM che, anyatra nahIM. AthI, enuM pATanagara mahArASTramAM hovAnI aTakaLa mAtra che, hakIkata nahIM. AthI, bharUca enI rAjadhAnI hovAnuM jaNAya che. 43. AmAMnAM ghaNAM sthaLono paricaya prakaraNa agiyAramAMnI pAdanoMdha jovI. 44. ahIM nirdiSTa sthaLonI vizeSa mAhitI mATe juo gurAsAMI., 1972, graMtha 1mAM prakaraNa 10 ane 11. 45. kAttAprasAda jaina, IhikavaoN.. pustaka 5, 1929, pRSTha 357. 46. juo : periplasa , gujarAtI AvRtti, kaMDikA 49. 47. padmAvatInA sAhityika ullekha vAste juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdara. 48. baoNbAraoNeso., pustaka 22, pRSTha 224; yajhadAnI, ahiDe., pRSTha 93. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta cASTanavaMza : abhyadaya ane asta prakaraNa pAMcamAM prastuta karelI vaMzAvaLI uparathI pazcimI kSatrapothI oLakhAtA gujarAtanA zaka zAsakomAM kSaharAtavaMza pachI vAchinavaMzathI oLakhAtuM A bIjuM kSatrapakula che. A vaMzanA rAjAonI mAhitI meLavavAnuM mukhya sAdhana che sikkAo. AraMbhanA cAreka rAjAone bAda karatAM zeSa badhA rAjAonA lagabhaga varSavAra sikkAo maLI AvyA che. keTalAka rAjAonA zilAlekho (jemAM yaSTIlekho ane zailasamugakano samAveza thAya che) paNa hAtha lAgyA che. ekAda be zilAlekhamAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI upayogI nIvaDe che. cAkhanavaMzanI saLaMga vaMzAvaLI vizvasena sudhI che ane A vaMzamAM kula 20 rAjAo ane 21 vyaktionAM nAma jANavA maLe che. tittIya-paUttimAM cASTanavaMze ra42 varSa karyuM hovAno ullekha che. A samayAvadhi vizvasena sudhInI ke rudrasiMha 3jA sudhInI gaNavI e bAbata saMdigdha rahe che. jinasenanA rivaMza purANamAM (60, 420-12) paNa 242 varSano nirdeza che. A baMne graMthamAM nahapAnanAM 40 varSano ullekha alaga che. Ama kula 282 varSanI samayAvadhi darzAvAI che. purANomAM zakonA rAjavaMzanAM 300 varSa gaNAvyAM che. emAM nahapAnano alaga ullekha nathI. A traNeya sAhityika sAdhanamAM nirdiSTa samayAvadhinI bAbata ekabIjAnI najIka che. sikkAlekhomAMthI ane zilAlekhomAMthI pazcimI kSatrapono sattAkAla traNa sadI jeTalo hovAnuM ApaNe agAu noMdhI gayA chIe, je sAhityika nirdezone samarthana bakSe che. cAnTana : ' sikkAo A rAjAnI ane enA pitAnI mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. to zilAlekho enA pitAnI ane enA sattAkAlanI mAhitI bakSe che. tolamAyanI bhUgoLa enI rAjadhAnI upara prakAza pADe che. mathurA saMgrahAlayamAM saMgRhIta pUrNa kadanuM (alabatta mastaka vinAnuM) enuM bAvaluM tenA paDachaMda vyaktitvano khyAla Ape che. abhilekhothI spaSTa thAya che ke enA pitAnuM nAma sAmotikara hatuM. jo ke A puruSanA sikkA ke zilAlekha hAtha lAgyA nathI, tethI te sattAdhIza thayo hato ke kema te vize koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. A rAjavaMzano sthApaka sAmotikano putra cAkhana hovAnuM Ama spaSTa thAya che. cASTananA tAMbAnA ane cAMdInA sikkA prApta thayA che. cAMdInA sikkA kSatra ane mahAkSatrapa ema ubhaya prakAranA che. kSatrapa tarIkenA enA sikkA be prakAranA che. baMne prakAranA agrabhAge rAjAnI mukhAkRti ane grIka lekha che, phakta pRSThabhAgamAM thoDA phera jovA maLe che. dA.ta. eka prakAranA enA sikkAmAM madhyamAM tathA DAbI tarapha caMdrakalA tathA jamaNe sUrya tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vRttAkAre kharoSThI ane brAhmImAM lakhANa che; to bIjA prakAramAM sikkAnI vacce trikUTa parvata, enI Toce ane DAbe caMdrakalA tathA jamaNI tarapha sUrya ane nIcenA bhAge nadInuM sUcana karatI sarpAkAra rekhA ane kharoSThI tema ja brAhmImAM lekha che. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA enA kSatrapa tarIkenA bIjA prakAranA sikkA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. cASTana kuSANono uparAja na hato sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNithI parAjita pAmelA nahapAna pachI kSaharAtoe gumAvelA pradeza sAtavAhano pAsethI pAchA meLavavA kuSANoe, khAsa karIne kaNikke, cArunane dakSiNa-pazcima bhAratanA prAMto vAste uparAja nImyo hovAnI aTakaLa dinezacaMdra sarakAre vageree karI che; paNa koI sIdhA purAvAono nirdeza emaNe karyo nathI. jo ke ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA (juo prakaraNa 5) ke pazcimI kSatrapoe kuSANonI rAjaniSThA svIkArI na hatI. tethI cAkhana kuSANono sUbo hovAnuM tathAkathita maMtavya nirAdhAra bane che ane te sAthe pazcimI kSatrapo kuSANonA khaMDiyA rAjA hovAnI bAbatano paNa cheda UDe che. eno samaya : kaccha jillAnA AndhImAMthI prApta thayelA cASTananA samayanA cAra yaSTIlekhomAM varSa parano nirdeza che. A varSo zaka saMvatanAM che e vize have koI zaMkA rahI nathI. A gaNatarI pramANe varSa para barobara (para + 78) IsvI 130-31 Ave. AthI cATana IsvInI bIjI sadInA bIjA caraNamAM sattAdhIza hato e puravAra thAya che. paNa Andhau gAmethI vIsamI sadInA sAThanA dAyakAmAM cASTananA samayano eka vadhu yaSTIlekha hAtha lAgyo che, jemAM varSa 11no nirdeza che ane cAkhanane kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. eTale zaka varSa 11 barobara IsvI 89mAM cAna kSatrapa tarIke adhipati hovAnuM sAbita thAya che. paraMtu te pachI kaccha jillAnA dolatapura gAmethI eka yaSTIlekha maLI Avyo che jemAM nirdiSTa varSa 6 che. AthI cANana IsvI 84mAM zAsaka hovAnuM vadhu eka vAra puravAra thAya che. Ama, kacchamAMthI prApta cATananA samayanA cha lekhothI spaSTa thAya che ke te zaka saMvatanA prAraMbhathI sattA bhogavato hato ane ApaNe avalokyuM tema e saMvata paNa eNe pravartAvelo. zaka varSa paranA lekhomAM ene rInA kahyo che, to sikkAomAM raSiA kSatrapa ane rInA mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. zaka saMvatano pravartaka cAnTana hoI eno zAsanakAla Ama IsvI 78thI 130 sudhIno hovAnuM sAdhAra anumAna thaI zake. paraMtu tolamAyanA mata mujaba e samaye ujjananI gAdI upara cAnTana rAjya karato hato. A graMthano racanAkALa IsvI 140no svIkArAya che. eTale ke cATana IsvI 140mAM paNa sattAdhIza hato. enA pautra mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno jUnAgaDhano zailalekha varSa 72no (IsvI 150-51no) che. AthI ema sUcita thAya che ke cATananI rAjakIya kArakirdIno aMta IsvI 140 ane 150nI vacce koIka samaye, khAsa karIne 140 pachI thoDA ja samayamAM Avyo hoya. rAjadhAnI ane rAjyavistAra : enA samayanA badhA ja abhilekho kaccha pradezamAMthI maLyA hoI evuM sUcita thaI zake ke pazcimamAM kacchathI pUrvamAM ujjana sudhI enuM rAjya vistareluM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta hatuM. uttare ane dakSiNe enA rAjyanI sImA kyAM sudhI hatI e cokkasa paNe jANI zakAyuM nathI. ema chatAM rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDhI zailalekhamAM enI sattA heThaLanA nirdiSTa pradezomAMnA ghaNA vistAro sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNanI sattA nIce hatA, je vistAro kSaharAtoe nahapAnanA samayamAM gumAvelA; ane temAMthI keTalAka pradezo cASTana-rudradAmAnA saMyukta zAsane pAchA meLavI lIdhA hatA. A anusAra rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTananA ane prAyaH khAsa karIne rAjA kSatrapa rudradAmAnA ane/athavA rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA samayamAM cASTrananA rAjyano vistAra pUrvamAM AkarAvaMti (pUrva-pazcima mALavA), pazcimamAM kaccha-surASTra, uttare aparAMta (hAlanuM rAjasthAna) ane dakSiNe anUpa (narmadA kAMTho) sudhI hovA saMbhave. Ama, cASTananA rAjayavistAranI pravRttimAM rAjA kSatrapa rudradAmAno agatyano phALo hovo joIe. 115 mAtra tolamAyanI bhUgoLamAM enI rAjadhAnI ujjanamAM hatI evo eka mAtra ullekha che. enA samayanA zilAlekhomAM A bAbate koI nirdeza nathI. AthI zakya che ke cASTananI rAjadhAnI tarIke ujjanano tolamAyI nirdeza enA sattAkAlanAM aMtima varSomAM hoya. paraMtu enA lakhANo mAtra kacchamAMthI hAtha lAgyAM che. A diSTae enA zAsananA AraMbhakALe lAMbA samaya sudhI AMdhau enI rAjadhAnI hovAno pUrato saMbhava che; paraMtu zAsanakAryamAM rudradAmAno sahayoga thayA pachI kadAca eNe enI rAjadhAnI ujjana khaseDI hoya ane gujarAta vistAranI javAbadArI eNe enA pautra ane zAsanasahayogI kSatrapa rudradAmAne hastaka dIdhI hoya. Ama, AraMbhe Andhau lAMbA samaya sudhI ane zAsananA aMta bhAge thoDAka samaya vAste ujjana enI rAjadhAnI hovAno saMbhava vyakta thaI zake che. jayadAmA te cASTanano putra hato ane rudradAmAno pitA hato. pazcimI kSatraponA thoDAka zilAlekho enI mAhitI prastuta kare che. enA svayanA sikkA maLyA che, paNa emAM mAtra enuM ja nAma che. enA sikkAo ane enA vaMzajonA zilAlekhomAM ene rAkhA, kSatrapa ane svAmI birudathI oLakhAvyo che. AthI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke e mahAkSatrapanuM pada meLavI zakyo na hato. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI vagere vidvAno, AnA AdhAre, evI aTakaLa darzAve che ke enA rAjyakAla daramyAna AMdhranA rAjAoe caDAI karI cASTanavaMzI rAjyane nukasAna pahoMcADyuM hoya je aTakaLa svIkArya banatI nathI; kema ke sAmAnyataH pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM kSatrapo mahAkSatraponA madadanIza rAjA tarIke adhikAra bhogavatA hatA. rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTananA madadanIza tarIke rAjA kSatrapa jayadAmAno uttarAdhikA2 2AjA kSatrapa rudradAmAne maLyo jaNAya che; arthAt mahAkSatrapa cASTranano uttarAdhikAra mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAne prApta thayo e pahelAM kSatrapa tarIkeno jayadAmAno adhikA2 rudradAmAne maLyo hato te bAbata AMdhaunA varSa paranA yaSTIlekhothI sAbita thAya che. tethI jayadAmA enA pitAnI hayAtImAM eTale ke kSatrapAvasthAmAM ja akALe avasAna pAmyo hoya ane tethI mahAkSatrapanuM pada te pAmI zakyo na hoya e ghaNuM saMbhavita jaNAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta eno sattAkAla : enA pitAnI hayAtImAM mahAkSatrapa tarIkenuM pada pAmyA vinA e prAyaH akALe avasAna pAmyo hoya. AthI, svataMtra rAjA tarIkenuM koI mahattva ene prApta thayuM jaNAtuM nathI. AndhaunA yaSTIlekhothI jANavuM prApta thAya che ke rudradAmA IsvI 130mAM kSatrapano hoddo bhogavato hato, eTale enA pitA jayadAmAnuM kSatrapapada (ane zakayataH jIvana) te pUrve samApta thaI cUkyuM hoya. AthI enA kSatrapAdano, kaho ke enA sattAkAlano samaya IsvI 130 pahelAno aMdAjI zakAya; paNa te kyArathI te jANavAnI koI sAdhano hAthavagAM nathI. agAu avalokyuM tema, khAsa to bhUmakanA sattAkAla saMdarbhe, pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAMthI ghaNAkharAe sarerAza daza varSa jeTaluM rAjya karyuM che. AthI saMbhavataH jayadAmAe daza varSa rAjaya karyuM hoya evuM anumAna karIe to teNe zakyataH IsvI 120thI 130 sattA saMbhALI hoya. rudradAmA 1lo : kSatrapa sattAno abhyadaya cANananA A pautra ane jayadAmAnA putra vizenI mAhitI enA potAnA sikkAo ane zailalekhathI tema ja enA samayanA AMdhI ane khAvaDAnA zilAlekhothI prApta thAya che. enA cAMdInA sikkA samayanirdeza vinAnA hoI khAsa upakAraka thatA nathI. paraMtu zailalekha ane zilAlekho samayanirdezayukta hoI eno samayanirNaya karavAmAM sugamatA saMpaDAvI Ape che. zailalekha, A uparAMta enA vyaktitvanAM aneka pAsAM ApaNI samakSa ujAgara kare che. rudradAmAnA prApta badhA ja sikkA cAMdInA che ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA che11. enA eka prakAranA sikkAmAM gayAmaputrasa evo samAsa prayojAyo che, to bIjA prakAranA sikkAmAM nayAmaNa putra ema be alaga pada che. zeSa pratIko baMne prakAranA sikkAmAM yathAvat che. pazcimI kSatrapomAM sahuthI vadhu zaktisaMpanna ane pratApI evA A rAjA vize apavAda sivAya samakAlIna ke/ane anukAlIna sAhityamAM kyAMya ullekha nathI. sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM bauddha pAli graMthomAM rudradAmAno nirdeza che. rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA uparathI rudradAmA rajAnI mAhitI maLe che, paraMtu enA potAnA sikkAo hajI prApta thayA nathI. eTale pAligraMthomAM drAma, rudrAmAdri vagere sikkAono ullekha spaSTataH cASTananA pautra rudradAmA 1lAnA saMdarbhamAM hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. eno sattAkAla : AndhanA yaSTIlekho varSa para(IsvI 130)nA che, jemAM cAnTana ane rudradAmAno eka sAthe ullekha che. A kAraNe ubhayanA saMyukta zAsananuM sUcana saMprApta thAya che. A samaye cAnTana mahAkSatrapa hoya ane rudradAmAM eno madadanIza kSatrapa. AthI sUcita thAya che varSa 5ramAM te kSatrapa tarIkeno adhikAra bhogavato hato. khAvaDAno varSa 62 ke 72no yaSTIlekha thoDoka upakAraka darzAvI zakAya, paNa varSanuM vAcana nizcita rIte sUcita thatuM nathI. paraMtu ahIM tene kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvyo hoI ane eno varSa 72no jUnAgaDhano zailalekha mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno hoI saMbhavataH prastuta lekhamAMnuM (khAvaDAlekhanuM) varSa 62 hoI zake. A uparathI eno kSatrapakALa zika varSa parathI 62 sudhI nizcita rIte ane jo varSa 72 hovAnuM jaNAya to prAyaH eno kSatrapakALa bIjAM daza varSa sudhI lAMbo hovA saMbhave. tolamApanI bhUgoLa mujaba 140nI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta AsapAsa cASTana sattAdhIza hato. AthI rudradAmA IsvI 140 pachI mahAkSatrapanuM pada pAmyo hoya. zaka varSa 72(IsvI 150)mAM to te mahAkSatrapa hato eTale enA mahAkSatrapakALanI uttara maryAda IsvI 150 sudhI ane prAyaH e pachI paNa thoDAMka varSo laMbAvI zakAya. enA anugAmInA rAjyaamalanAM jJAta varSo uparathI rudradAmAnA zAsanakALanI utta2maryAdA vadhumAM vadhu zaka varSa 100 (eTale IsvI 178) sudhInI sUcavI zakAya. arthAt eNe IsvI 178 sudhI sattA bhogavI hoya. Ama, eNe kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIke zaka varSa 52thI zaka varSa 100 sudhI13 eTale ke lagabhaga pAMca dAyakA sudhI zAsananI dhurA hastagata rAkhI hoya. 117 eno rAjyavistAra : jUnAgaDhano eno zailalekha enA rAjyavistAranI cokkasa mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. emAM nirdiSTa pradezomAM - pUrva Aka2, pazcima avaMti, anUpa, nIvRt (nimADa), Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, maru, kaccha, siMdha, sauvIra, kukura, aparAMta ane niSAdano samAveza thAya che. A upa2thI rudradAmAnA rAjyano vistAra arvAcIna sthaLanAmonA pariprekSyamAM Ama hoI zake : uttare mulatAna sudhI, dakSiNamAM anUpa (mAhiSmatI) sudhI, to pUrvamAM mALavA ane nimADa sudhI tema ja pazcime samudrakAMThA (eTale siMdha, kaccha, saurASTra, dakSiNa gujarAta) sudhI hato. (juo nakazo 3). enuM vyaktitva jUnAgaDhano eno zailalekha enAM kArakirdI ane vyaktitvane AlekhavAmAM upayogI nivaDyo che. AmAM ApelA rudradAmAnA caritracitraNanA AdhAre pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM e sahuthI mahAna, pratApI ane prabhAvazALI hovAnuM phalita thAya che. zailalekhanA AdhAre enI prazasti A anusAra AlekhI zakAya : yazasvI parAkramo : eNe mALavA, siMdha ane koMkaNa jItyAM. AMdhranA sAtavAhana rAjA zAtakarNane eNe be vAra harAvyo, pakaDyo ane najIkano saMbaMdhI hovAne kAraNe choDI mUkyo4. paMjAba, rAjasthAna ane ujjainanA pradezo prApta karyA. enI lazkarI kArakirdInuM yazasvI prakaraNa te che yaudheyo upa2nA vijayanuM. tyAre yaudheyonuM gaNarAjya deza samastamAM prabaLa ane zaktisaMpanna hatuM ane AkhAya dezamAM emanAM vIratvanAM vakhANa thatAM hatAM. emanA sikkA upara bhAlAdhArI yauddhAnI AkRti ane yaudheya jaLastha naya: evuM lakhANa aMkita kareluM jovuM prApta thAya che15. atyAra sudhI emanI sattAne koI paDakArI zakyuM na hatuM, eTale ghamaMDI svabhAvanA banyA hatA. emanuM A ghamaMDa rudradAmAe jabaradastIthI emane ukheDIne utAryuM hatuM. A rIte rudradAmAe ghaNAM rAjyo jItI laI ane ghaNA rAjAo pAse potAnuM Adhipatya svIkArAvI eNe jAte potAnI vIratAnI vATe mahAkSatrapanuM biruda dhAraNa karyuM : svayamadhigata mahAkSatrapanAnA......... udAra carita : enI zArIrika zakti jeTalI prabaLa hatI teTalI ja enI mAnasika ane Atmika zakti tejasvI hatI. enuM zArIrika sauMdarya tema ja dehasauSThava kAMtimAna hatAM. ghATIlA zarIravALA A rAjAne svayaMvara prasaMge saMkhyAtIta rAjakanyAkAoe varamALA AropI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zarIranA sauMdarya sAthe AtmAnuM-hRdayanuM sauMdarya enA udAra caritane vadhAre udAtta banAvatuM hatuM. eTale ja teNe brAhmaNonA kalyANArthe ane dharmanA vikAsa vAte chUTathI dAna dIdhAM hatAM. Ama, e dharmAbhimukha banyo hato. azvavidyA, gajavidyA, rathavidyA tathA talavAra ane DhAlabAjImAM eNe prAvINya meLavyAM hatAM. potAne zaraNe AvelA zAsakone ke anyone e rakSaNa Apato hato. padabhraSTa rAjAone teNe puna: sattAdhIza banAvyA hatA-vinayena praSTarInA pratiSThA pana 8. saMgrAmonA apavAda sivAya sAmAnyataH manuSyavadha na karavAnI pratijJAnuM pUrNa pAlana karato hato. AthI phalita thAya che ke eNe ahiMsAnI ApaNI sAMskArika paraMparAnuM-bhAvanAnuM bhAthuM aMke karyuM hatuM. zatruneya zaraNuM ApavAmAM eNe saujanya darzAvyuM hatuM. Ama, enA dariyAvadila ane kheladilIvALA svabhAvanI pratIti pamAya che. te ucca koTIno adhyetA hato. zabdazAstra (vyAkaraNa), arthazAstra, gAMdharvavidyA (saMgIta), nyAyavidyA ityAdi mahattvanI mahAvidyAonAM pAraNa(grahaNa), dhAraNa(smRti), vijJAna (viziSTa jJAna) ane prayoga (vyAvahArika viniyoga-upayoga) dvArA eNe vipula kIrti prApta karI hatI. gadyapadya racanAmAM e pravINa hato. eno zailalekha gadyamAM hovA chatAMya ghaNo kAvyamaya che19. Ama, eka Adarza rAjavInAM asaMkhya lakSaNo enA vyaktitvamAM daSTigocara thAya che. je nimitte eNe azokakhyAta khaDaka upara lekha utkIrNa karyo che te ghaTanA ja enA lokakalyANanI bhAvanAnuM mUrta svarUpa che. prajApAlaka rAjavInA prajApremI sUbA suvizAkhe e yojanA pAra pADavAnI bhalAmaNa karatAM rAjAe paurajano tathA jAnapadajanonA anugrahArthe tema ja emanA upara koI paNa jAtanA navA karaverA nAMkhyA vinA potAnI tijorImAMthI ghaNuM dravya kharcIne te taLAva(sudarzana)ne hatuM te karatAMya vizeSa surzana banAvyuM. lokakalyANanI bhAvanA sAthe rAjaya vyavasthAnI sudraDhatA sAru paNa te eTalo sacita hato. enI rAjayatijorI yogya rIte ja vighoTI, jakAta ane sonAcAMdIratnothI bharapUra hatI. amAtya guNothI yukta evA mativavo(salAhakAra maMtrIo)nI ane vivo(kAryakArI pradhAno)nI nimaNUka karI, rAjyanuM sabaLa ane saphaLa saMcAlana eNe karyuM hatuM. enI rAjadhAnI : alabatta, A mATenA jarUrI yogya purAvA sAMpaDatA nathI, paraMtu Anarta-surASTrano saghaLo pradeza sUbAnA vahIvaTa heThaLanA prAMtano darajjo dharAvato hato e amAtya suvizAkhanI nimaNUkathI spaSTa bane che. AthI enI rAjadhAnI girinagaramAM nahIM paNa anyatra hovI joIe. enA dAdA cASTananI rAjadhAnI urjanamAM hovAnuM ApaNe noMdhyuM ane cASTananA mahAkSatrapapadano sIdho uttarAdhIkAra tene maLyo hoI tenI rAjadhAnI paNa saMbhavataH ujajanamAM hovI joIe. suvizAkha : gujarAta prAMtano sUbo rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM suvizAkhano ullekha che. tethI e bAbata paNa ApaNane vidita For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 119 thAya che ke rudradAmAnA rAjayamAM Anarta ane surASTra prAMtIya darajjo dharAvatA agraNI vistAra hatA. A prAntanA vahIvaTa vAte rudradAmAe pallava jAtinA kulaimanA putra amAtya suvizAkhane sUbA tarIkeno akhatyAra soMpyo hato. suvizAkha arthakAraNa, dharma ane vyavahAranI UMDI samajadArI dharAvato vahIvaTadAra hato. te svabhAve zAMta, saMyamI ane nirAbhimAnI hato. bhraSTAcAranA bhoriMgathI mukta hato. enA sattAsamaya daramyAna zaka varSa 72 (IsvI 150)mAM ativRSTine kAraNe giranAramAMthI nikaLatI nadIomAM AvelA bhAre pUrane kAraNe jUnAgaDhanA sudarzana tAkano setu tUTI gayo tyAre teNe ene samajAvavA mATe adhipatine bhalAmaNa karI, paNa mahAkSatrapanA matisacivoe ane karmasacivoe eno virodha karyo ne setu punaH nahi baMdhAya evI nirAzAthI prajAmAM hAhAkAra pravaryo. tyAre paurajano ane jAnapadajanonA anugrahArthe suvizAkha setu samarAvI rAjAnAM dharma-kIrti-yazamAM abhivRddhi karI. mahAkSatrapa sUbAnA abhigamanA pariprekSyamAM prajAne kara, viSTi ke praNayakriyA(apekSA)thI pIDyA vinA potAnA kozamAMthI puSkaLa dhana kharacIne thoDA vakhatamAM agAunA karatAMya traNagaNo vadhu daDha setunuM nirmANa karIne, dudarzana banelA e sarovarane (sudarzanane) vadhAre sudarzana banAvyuM. AmAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnuM udAra carita abhivyakta thAya che tema sUbA suvizAkhanA prajAkalyANI abhigamanAM darzana thAya che. dAmajadazrI 1lo rudradAmAno jayeSTha putra ane rAjayasattAmAM anugAmI. dAmajadazrI 1lAnA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA samayanirdeza vinAnA cAMdInA traNa prakAranA sikkA upalabdha thayA che; jemAMnA be prakAramAM TrA-psa ke TAmagsatarIke ane trIjAmAM tAzrI tarIke ene oLakhAvyo che. - rudradAmAne bIjo putra hato rudrasiMha nAmano. enA sikkAo kSatrapa tarIke ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA upalabdha che. khAsa dhyAnArya bAbata e che ke temAM varSasUcaka saMkhyA aMkita thayelI che; je bAbatano abhAva dAmajadazrInA sikkAmAM spaSTa vartAya che. AthI dAmajadazrI rudradAmAno jayeSTha putra hoI zake kema ke enA sikkAo enA purogAmIonI jema saMkhyAnirdeza vinAnA che. ApaNe avalokI gayA ke sikkAo upara varSanirdezaka saMkhyA ApavAnI zarUAta rudrasiMhanA samayathI jaNAya che. A bAbata paNa dAmajadazrI agraja hato ane rudrasiMha anuja hato tenAthI puravAra thAya che. dAmajadazrInA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAothI anumAnI zakAya ke e enA pitAnI hayAtImAM mahAkSatrapanA madadanIza tarIke (kSatrapa tarIke) adhikAra bhogavato hato. eTale ke IsvI 150 sudhImAM e kSatrapanuM pada pAmyo hoya ane pitAnA mRtyu pachI te mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA uttarAdhikArInuM pada pAmyo hoya. enA anuja rudrasiMhanA zaka varSa 102 ane 103nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA tema ja varSa 103no kSatrapa tarIkeno zilAlekha prApta thayA che. eTale ke rudrasiMha tyAre enA agraja dAmajadazrInA madadanIza kSatrapa tarIke pharaja bajAvato hovo joIe. AthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta evuM sUcita thAya che ke dAmajadazrI ukta varSo daramyAna eTale ke IsvI 180-81mAM mahAkSatrapa tarIke sattAdhIza hovo joIe. - dAmajadInI rAjakIya kArakirdI vize ke anyathA paNa koI sIdhI mAhitI upalabdha nathI. paraMtu enA pitAnA madadanIza kSatrapa tarIkenA kAryakALa daramyAna eNe keTalAMka yuddhomAM bhAga lIdho hoya ane pitAnA avasAna pachI prApta thayelA bhavya vArasAne ane vaibhavane eNe sAcavI rAkhyo hoya. A bAbate te maurya samrATa biMbisArano anuyAyI hovAnuM svabhAvika anumAna thaI zake. enA anuja rudrasiMhanA zilAlekhamAMnI ke enA putra rudrasenanA zilAlekhamAMnI vaMzAvaLImAM dAmajadazrI ke enA koI putranuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu dAmajadazrI ane enA putro-satyadAmAM ane jIvadAmA-nA sikkAo maLyA che. vaMzAvaLIomAM jaNAvelA rAjAono saMbaMdha jotAM sUcita thAya che ke prastuta vaMzAvaLIomAM mAtra sIdhA pUrvajonAM nAma ApavAmAM AvyAM che, arthAt anya purogAmIonAM nAma ApavAmAM AvyAM nathI. jIvadAmAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA uparanuM varSa bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe 100 hovAnuM anumAna kareluM. Ane AdhAre resane evI aTakaLa karelI ke dAmajadazrInA mRtyu pachI zarUAtamAM jIvadAmA mahAkSatrapa thayo hoya. paraMtu thoDA ja samayamAM rudrasiMha 1lAe enI pAsethI mahAkSatrapanuM pada jhUMTavI lIdhuM hoya. AthI A gharSaNa sababa jANI joIne emanAM nAma vaMzAvaLImAMthI bAkAta rAkhayAM hoya. paraMtu mahAkSatrapa jIvadAmAnA sikkAo uparanAM jJAta varSa 119 pahelAMnA nahIM hovAnuM have pratipAdita thayuM hoIne dAmajadazrInA uttarAdhikAra mATe jIvadAmAM ane rudrasiMha vaccenA rAjakIya gharSaNanI aTakaLa svIkArya jaNAtI nathI. rudrasiMha 1lo pazcimI kSatraponA uttarAdhikAranA saMbhavita niyama anusAra gAdIno vAraso sattAdhIza rAjAnA jayeSTha putrane sthAne anujane maLe; paraMtu rudradAmAne koI anuja na hovAthI eno uttarAdhikAra enA jayeSTha putra dAmajadazrIne prApta thayo te ApaNe avalokyuM. tyAra pachI vArasadAranA niyamAnusAra enA anuja rudrasiMhane rAjayAdhikAra maLe che. A rAjAnA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIke rajatasikkA AnuM samarthana kare che. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA jasatanA thoDAka sikkA maLyA che. enA sikkAo upara sau prathama vakhata varSasUcaka saMkhyA aMkita thayelI jovI prApta thAya che, je ApaNA dezanA sikkAvijJAnanA vikAsamAM sImAcihna tarIkenuM sthAna meLavI jAya che?". samayanirdezavALA enA cAra zilAlekho paNa maLyA che. pazcimI kSatrapomAM samanirdezavALA sikkA jema sau prathama enA che tema pUrNa bhAratIya nAma apanAvanAra paNa e pahelo kSatrapa rAjavI che". Ama, A be bAbate enuM sthAna mahattvanuM gaNAya che. enA varSayukta sikkAoe keTalAka muddA upasthita karyA che : rudrasiMha dAmajadazrInA mRtyu pachI sahaja rIte vArasAnusAra gAdIe Avyo ke tene padabhraSTa karIne gAdI prApta karI ? enI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta ane enA bhatrIjA jIvadAmA vacce gAdI kAje saMgharSa thayelo ke kema ? enA rAjyAmala daramyAna koI paDozI rAjAe ke videzI zAsake AkramaNa kareluM ke kema ? rudrasiMhanA khAsa karIne varSa 110 ane 112nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM abhyAsIoe bhinna bhinna aTakaLa prastuta karI che : repsananA mata mujaba A samaya daramyAna eno bhatrIjo jIvadAmA makSitrapapade ArUDha thayo hoya ane rudrasiMha enA madadanIza kSatrapa tarIke sattA bhAgavato hoya, paraMtu sApekSa purAvAnA abhAve Ava saMgharSanI aTakaLa zaMkAspada rahe che. bhAMDArakara ane aLatekaranA mate AbhIra rAjA Izvaradatte rudrasiMha pAsethI sattA khUMcavI laI A samaya daramyAna (eTale ke IsvI 189-190) rAjya sattA hastagata karI hoya. IzvaradatanA phakta be ja varSanA thayelA sikkAonA AdhAre AvI aTakaLa thaI hovA saMbhave. sudhAraka caTTopAdhyAyanI aTakaLa mujaba A samaya daramyAna AMdhranA sAtavAhana rAjAoe A pradeza jItI lIdho hoya, ane enA madadanIza kSatrapa tarIke rudrasiMha A pradeza upara sattA bhogavato hovo joIe. agAu jyAre rudrasiMhanA keTalAka sikkAo hAtha lAgyA na hatA tyAre uparyukta aTakaLa thaI hatI. enA samayanA upalabdha sikkAo uparanAM ane zilAlekhomAMnAM jJAta varSanA AdhAre enA zAsanAdhikAranI bAbatamAM A mujabanI paristhiti jovI prApta thAya che H (1) pahelIvAra kSatrapa tarIke : varSa 102-103. (2) pahelIvAra mahAkSatrapa tarIke : 103thI 110. (3) bIjIvAra kSatrapa tarIke : 110thI 112. (4) bIjIvAra mahAkSatrapa tarIke : 113thI 118 ke saMbhavataH 119. paraMtu repsananI aTakaLa prastuta thayA pachI rudrasiMhanA keTalAka vadhu sikkA hAtha lAgatAM uparyukta mAhitImAM keTaloka umero thayo che. tadanusAra varSa 101thI 120 sudhInA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA enA sikkAnI mAhitI A mujaba che : zaka varSa kSatrapa tarIke 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 rudrasiMha rudrasiMha 121 mahAkSatrapa tarIke rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha rudrasiMha 117 109 rudrasiMha rudrasiMha 110 rudrasiMha 111 112 drasiMha rudrasiMha 113 114 115 116 rudrasiMha rudrasiMha 118 rudrasiMha 119 rudrasiMha ane jIvadAmA). - 120 rudrasena 1lo jIvadAmA prastuta koikanI vigatothI keTalIka samasyAo uddabhave che : (1) rudrasiMha varSa 102 tathA 103 daramyAna kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ubhaya rIte sattAdhIza kevI rIte hoI zake ? (2) gUMdAnA zilAlekhothI spaSTa thAya che ke te varSa 103nA vaizAkhamAM kSatrapa hato. AthI enA sikkA paranAM varSa 100 ane 103nA vAMcana enA kSatrapapada sAthe goThavI zakAya che. (3) saMbhava che ke varSa 103nA uttara bhAgamAM eNe mahAkSatrapa tarIke sattA saMbhALI hoya. tethI tenA te varSa pUratA sikkA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ema ubhaya prakAranA hoI zake che. paraMtu varSa 101 ane 102mAM te mahAkSatrapa tarIke sattAdhIza hovAnuM saMbhave nahIM. (4) AthI enA sikkAo uparanAM vAcanamAM kAM to varSanI saMkhyAno athavA to rAjAnA birudano pATha saMdigdha gaNAya. (5) evI ja rIte varSa 109, 110 ane 112 daramyAna e kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ubhaya hoddA upara hovAno bhAsa enA sikkAnA vAcana uparathI thAya che. (6) A varSo daramyAna jo ke A rAjA koI kAraNe mahAkSatrapapadethI kSatrapapade UtarI gayo hoya eTale ke enI pAsethI koIe sattA chInavI lIdhI hoya evI aTakaLa pracArita thaI che. paraMtu sIdhA purAvAnI anuparisthitimAM A aTakaLa svIkArya banatI nathI. (7) saMbhava che ke baMne biruda eka sAthe varSa 109 ke/ane 112mAM hoI zake, paraMtu varSa 110mAM saMbhave nahIM. Ama, varSa 101, 102 tathA prAyaH 109thI 112 (athavA ochAmAM ochuM 110)nA vAcana paratve varSanirdezaka saMkhyA ke birudamAM bhUla rahelI hovAno saMbhava nakArI zakAya nahIM. athavA evuM paNa bane ke enI sattAmAM kyAMya garabaDa thaI hoya. paNa tenA sApekSa purAvA prApya nathI. vaLI je varSonA rudrasiMhanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLyA che te varSonA bIjA koI rAjAnA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA adyApi maLyA nathI tathA je varSonA enA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo upalabdha che te samayanA anya zAsakanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLatA ja nathI. AthI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 123 rudrasiMhanA sikkAo uparanAM lakhANonAM thayelAM vAcanamAMthI ghaNo gUMcavADo udbhavyo che. kadAca sikkA taiyAra karanAra adhikArInI koI gaphalata ke bedarakArInuM kAraNa paNa hoI zake. rudrasiMhane rudrasena 1lo, saMghadAmA ane dAmasena ema traNa putro hatA; chatAM rudrasiMhano uttarAdhikAra dAmajadazrInA putra jIvadAmAne prApta thayo hato. satyadAmA jIvadAmAno te agraja hato. eno adyApi mAtra eka sikko hAtha lAgyo che, je kSatrapa tarIkeno che. samayanirdezavALo hovA chatAMya A sikko avAcya che. A varSa jIvadAmAnA mahAkSatrapapada daramyAnanuM arthAt varSa 119 athavA 120 haze evuM sUcana agAu repsane kareluM. paraMtu te pachI prApta keTalAka navA muddAnA AdhAre satyadAmAnA sikkAno samaya jIvadAmAnA uparyukta sikkAonA samaya karatAM vahelo hovAnuM tathA te anusAra satyadAmA jIvadAmAno agraja hovAnuM prasthApana repsanane karyuM che31. enA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA e koI mahAkSatrapanA madadanIza kSatrapa tarIke rAjyAdhikA2 bhogavato hato. to prazna e udbhave ke A mahAkSatrapa koNa ? pazcimI kSatraponA uttarAdhikAranA saMbhavita paNa prasthApita niyamAnusAra gAdIno vArasAhakka jyeSTha putrane nahIM paNa anujane prApta thAya che. eTale saMbhava che ke satyadAmA enA pitAzrI dAmIjadazrInA madadanIza tarIke nahIM paNa kAkA rudrasiMhanA madadanIza tarIke rAjyAdhikAra bhogavato hovo joIe. sikkAo uparathI evuM phalita thAya che ke mahAkSatrapa tarIke rudrasiMha pachI eno bhatrIjo jIvadAmA ane pachI enA pitrAI bhAI rudrasena uttarAdhikAra prApta kare che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke satyadAmA kSatrapakALa daramyAna ja aputra maraNa pAmyo hovo joIe. jIvadAmA satyadAmAnA A anujanA mAtra mahAkSatrapa tarIke sikkA maLyA che. enA sikkAo uparanAM jJAta varSa 119 ane 120 che. paraMtu amarelImAMthI prApta jIvadAmAnA eka sikkA upara varSa 100nuM vAcana bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe kareluMr ane repsane A aMge zaMkA darzAvI hatI ke kAM to ekama ke dazakanA, kAM to baMne AMkaDA nAza pAmI gayA hoya. arthAt emanA mata mujaba zatakanA AMkaDA pachI dazaka ke ekamanA AMkaDA hovA saMbhave. tadanusAra repsane evuM anumAnyuM ke e sikkA uparanuM varSa 100thI 103 vaccenuM hovuM joIe. paNa have A vAMcana svIkArya rahetuM nathI. jIvadAmAnA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo adyApi hAtha lAgyA nathI. AthI evuM sUcita thAya che ke e sIdho ja mahAkSatrapapade AruDha thayo hoya. enA kAkA rudrasiMhanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAmAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 119 che, je varSa jIvadAmAnA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke varSa 119nA uttarabhAge te rudrasiMhano uttarAdhikArI banyo hovo joIe. varSa 120 pachI enA sikkA maLatA nathI. paraMtu enA anugAmI ane uttarAdhikArI rudrasena 1lAnuM zarUAtanuM jJAta varSa 122 che e hakIkata enA mUlavAsaranA zilAlekhathI spaSTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta thAya che. AthI jIvadAmAnA zAsanakALanI uttaramaryAdA varSa 122 sudhInI hoI zake. A badhA uparathI eno rAjyaamala TUMko ane yazasvI kArakirdI vinAno dazya thAya che. rudrasena 1lo jIvadAmA pachI enA nAnA kAkA rudrasiMha 1lAno zreSTha putra rudrasena 1lo gAdIe ArUDha thayo. enA cAMdInA sikkAo kSatra ane mahAkSatrapa tarInA che. enA kSatrapa kAlanA sikkAo varSa 120 ane 121 tema ja saMbhavataH 122nA saMprApta che; jyAre mahAkSatrapAlanA sikkAo varSa 124thI 144 sudhInA, lagabhaga pratyeka varSanA maLyA che, enA samayanA paoNTInanA thoDAka sikkA nAma vinAnA upalabdha thayA che; paraMtu A sikkA upara aMkita varSa 131, 133 ane 13panA anusaMdhAne evuM sUcavAya che ke nAma vinAnA A sikkA A rAjAnA ja hoya. enA be zilAlekhomAMthI eka che varSa 122no mUlavAsarano (ji. jAmanagara) 5 ane bIjo che varSa 127 (ke 126)no gaDhAno (ji. rAjakoTa). A baMne lekhaka enA mahAkSatrapapadanA che. jUnAgaDha pAse sthita IMTavAnA khodakAryamAMthI prApta eka mudrAMkalekha enA samayano jaNAya che ane mitinirdeza vinAno che. uparAMta devanI morInA bauddha mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAra paNa enA samayanA hovA vize keTaloka saMbhava che. rudrasenanA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAmAM paheluM jJAta varSa 120 che ane enA pitA rudrasiMhanA kSatrapapadanA sikkAnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 11ra che tema ja enA najIkanA purogAmI jIvadAmAnA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA upalabdha nathI. tethI rudrasenanI kSatrapapadanI pUrva maryAdA varSa 120thI vahelI hovA saMbhave. enA kSatrapapadanA sikkAnuM chelluM jJAta vRrSa 122 che, je enA zAsanakAlanI uttaramaryAdA sUcave che; kema ke eno varSa 12 2no mUlavAsarano lekha mahAkSatrapAdano che. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 124 che, paraMtu enA kSatrapAlanA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 122 che je ApaNe avalokyuM che, ane enA mUlavAsarano zilAlekha mahAkSatrapapadano ane varSa 122no hoI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke eNe varSa 122mAM mahAkSatrapapada prApta karyuM hoya. enA sikkA paranuM chelluM jJAta varSa 144 che ane enA anugAmI saMghadAmAnA mahAkSatrapapadanA varSa 144nA sikkA maLyA che. AthI rudrasene varSa 144nA pUrvabhAga paryata sattA saMbhALI rAkhI hovAnuM phalita thAya che. Ama, eNe mahAkSatrapa tarIke lagabhaga 22 varSa (zaka varSa 122thI 144 = IsvI 200thI 222)sudhI zAsana karyuM hovuM joIe. prApta thayelA lagabhaga pratyeka varSanA enA sikkAo ane enuM saMkhyA pramANa jotAM evuM anumAnI zakAya ke eno sattAkALa bAhya AkramaNo ane AMtarika saMgharSa vinAno hovA saMbhave. eNe potAnA rAjayanA vistAra vAste koI prayatna karelA ke kema tathA teno pradeza-vistAra keTalo hato e jANavAnI koI sAdhano maLyAM nathI. eno gaDhAno zilAlekha aitihAsika mahattva dharAve che, kema ke emAM cASTanathI AraMbhI rudrasena 1lA sudhInA sIdhA vArasadAra rAjAonAM nAma nirdiSTa che, jethI AraMbhakALanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 125 kSatraparAjAonI vaMzAvaLI goThavavAmAM saraLatA saMprApta thaI che. enI bIjI vizeSatA e che ke purogAmIonAM sabiruda nAma Apato A vazaMno A chello jJAta lekha che. madrapurad9 vizeSaNa A lekhamAM pahelI vAra jovuM prApta thAya che, je enI trIjI vizeSatA che. kSetrapa, mahAkSatra, rAgI, ke svAmInuM biruda to sAmAnyataH emanA sikkAlekhomAM ane zilAlekhomAM darzAvAyelAM jovAM prApta thAya che ja, jyAre mamuravanuM biruda prathamavAra ane saMbhavataH chellIvAra A lekhamAM jovo maLe che. A lekhanI cothI vizeSatA e che emAM ApelI varSanirdezananI paddhatinI. nahapAnanA nAsika guphAmAMnA naMbara 12nA varSa 4ranA zilAlekhanI jema AmAM paNa varSano ullekha prAraMbhamAM che. varSano A prakArano ullekha cAkhanakuLanA zilAlekhomAM pahelo ane saMbhavataH chello che. rudrasene girinagara najIka bauddhabhikSusaMgha mATe eka vihAra baMdhAvyo hovAnI mAhitI IMTavAnA mudrAMkalekhamAMnA mahAra/ga-rudra-vihAranA ullekhathI prApta thAya che. vaizAlI (hAlanA basADha)mAMthI prApta mudrAMka paranA lekhamAMnA rAjJI mahAkSatrasya svAmidrasiTI hitU rajJio mahAkSatrapa svAmidranI mAnyA mahAvyA: pramudrAmAyA: je A ullekha uparathI prabhudAmA mahAdevI hatI ane e rudrasiMhanI putrI hatI tema ja rudrasenanI bahenI hatI jevI mahattvanI mAhitI maLe che, paraMtu enA patino nirdeza nathI. A saMdarbhamAM aLatekara evuM sUcave che ke kadAca e pUrva bhAratano koI hindu rAjA hoya je A zaka kuMvarIne paraNyo hoya ke pachI bhAratIya thaI gayelo koI kuSANa rAjA hoya". je. ena. benarajI AthI bhinna sUcana darzAve che : A rAjA game te hoya paNa ene rudrasiMha ke enA putra rudrasena tema ja prabhudAmA sAthe sArA saMbaMdho nahIM hoya ane tethI enI patnI prabhudAmAM potAne pitRpakSa vaDe oLakhAve che. ema paNa saMbhave ke eno pati vaizAlIno sthAnika rAjA hoya ane tyAM jANIto hoya tethI tenuM nAma ahIM adhyAhata rAkheluM hoya ane kSatraponA pitRkulano sagaurava ullekha vizeSabhAve karyo hoya. pRthivISeNa rudrasena 1lAne be putro (pRthivISeNa ane dAmajadazrI rajo) hovA chatAMya e enA uttarAdhikArI nA thaI zakyA; kema ke tyAre rudrasenanA be anuja jIvita hatA ane uttarAdhikAranA saMbhavita-prasthApita niyamAnusAra gAdIno hakka jayeSTha putrane nahIM paNa anujane maLe arthAta anukrame saMghadAmA ane dAmasenane maLe. paraMtu pRthivISeNanA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA uparano samayanirdeza spaSTataH varSa 144nuM sUcana kare che. ApaNe hamaNAM ja noMdhyuM ke rudrasenanuM mahAkSatrapa tarIkenuM chelluM jJAta varSa 144 che. AthI, eka evI aTakaLa pracArita thaI ke rudrasene kauTuMbika paraMparAnI avagaNanA karIne potAnA zAsanasamayanA aMtamAM eNe putra pRthivISeNane kSatrapa nImyo hoya, paNa enA kSatrapapadanA sikkAo eka ja varSanA hAtha lAgelA che, ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA enA sikkA upalabdha nathI. AthI, evuM anumAna saMbhave che ke pRthivISeNa mahAkSatrapanuM pada pAmyA pUrve ja akALa avasAna pAmyo hoya. enA kAkA saMghadAmAnA varSa 144nA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA prApta sikkA A anumAnanuM samarthana kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta paramezvarIlAla gupta A paratve evuM maMtavya darzAve che ke rudrasene potAnA anujane kSatrapapada ApavAne sthAne potAnA putrane ApyuM. pariNAme gAdI mATenA saMgharSamAM saMghadAmAnA hAthe pitA-putrae jAna gumAvyA hoya. jo ke A aTakaLanA anusaMdhAne anya sabaLa purAvA emaNe prastuta karyA nathI. saMbhava che ke gAdI vAte AvI koI laDAI ja nA thaI hoya. paNa durbhAgyavaza rudrasena ane pRthivISeNa eka ja varSe kudaratI rIte mRtyu pAmyA hoya. pRthivISaNa aputra maraNa pAmyo hoya evuM paNa saMbhave, AthI, anyathA koI aTakaLa karavI muzkela che. saMghadAmA rudrasena-pRthivISeNanA avasAnane kAraNe saMghadAmA cheka varSa 144mAM kAyadesara rIte vArasadAra tarIke sIdho ja mahAkSatrapanuM pada prApta kare che; kema ke enA kSatrapapadanA sikkA upalabdha thayA ja nathI. enA sikkAo paNa be ja varSanA-varSa 144 ane 14panA hAtha lAgyA che. AthI, saMghadAmAnA ati alpa zAsanakAlanA saMdarbhamAM aLatekara evuM sUcana kare che ke ajamera-udepura pradezanA mAlavo sAthenA saMgharSamAM e mAryo gayo hoya. jo ke emanA A sUcanane koI sApekSa purAvo prApta na hoI e svIkArya banatuM nathI. rAjakoTa vaoNTsana myujhiyamamAM saMghadAmAno varSa 149no sikko che. A sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM paramezvarIlAla gupta evo mata darzAve che ke saMghadAmAM mAlavo sAthenA yuddhamAM mAryo gayo na hato paNa eNe varSa 149 sudhI sattA saMbhALI hatI. paraMtu enA agraja sudrasenanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA varSa 144 ane anuja dAmasenanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA varSa 14panA upalabdha sikkAo guptanA maMtavyane nirAdhAra TharAve che. saMbhava che ke teNe zAMtithI paNa ati alpa samaya mATe ja zAsana karyuM hoya ane akALe avasAna pAmyo hoya. dAmasena e saMghadAmAno anuja hato. enA kSatrapapadanA sikkAo hAtha lAgyA nahIM hoI e varSa 145mAM sIdho ja mahAkSatrapapada pAmyo hovAnuM phalita thAya che. enA agraja saMghadAmAnA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa paNa 145 hoI e A varSanA uttara bhAgamAM sattAdhIza banyo haze. enA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 158 che ane enA anugAmI yazodAmAnA sikkA uparanuM varSa 160 che. AthI dAmasene tereka varSa rAjaya karyuM hovAnI saMbhAvanA nakArI zakAya nahIM. enA cAMdInA varSa 148 ane 149nA sikkA agAu upalabdha na hatA. AthI, paramezvarIlAla guptae mAneluM ke eNe zAMtithI zAsana karyuM nahIM hoya. paraMtu enA paoNTInanA thoDAka sikkA maLyA che jemAMthI eka upara varSa 148 che. prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAMnA cAMdInA eka sikkA upara varSa 148 vaMcAya che. AthI, guptanuM maMtavya nirAdhAra re che. dAmasenanA samayamAM kSatrapapadanA be rAjavI A rAjAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA zAsana daramyAna be kSatrapa rAjavIonA sikkAo hAtha For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 127 lAgyA che : varSa 154 ane 155nA enA agraja rudrasenanA putra dAmajadazrInA ane varSa 15thI 160 sudhInA enA potAnA putra vIradAmAnApara. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke dAmajadazrI mahAkSatrapapadanA hoddA sudhI pahoMcatA pUrve ja avasAna pAmyo hoya. tethI dAmasenanA jayeSTha putra dAmajadazrIno pitarAI bhAI vIradAmA kSatrapa prApta karI cUkelo e hakIkata enA sikkAothI spaSTa thAya che. kSatrapapade vIradAmAM varSa 160 sudhI sattAdhIza rahelo saMbhave che. daramiyAna enA pitA varSa 159-60 sudhImAM avasAna pAmyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. eTale svAbhAvika ja vIradAmAM A samaye mahAkSatrapapade pahoMcavo joIe. paraMtu enA mahAkSatrapakAlanA sikkA upalabdha nathI, jyAre enA anuja yazodAmAnA varSa 160nA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLI AvyA che. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke dAmasena varSa 160 sudhI vidyamAna hovo joIe ane e ja varSe kSatrapa tarIkenA hoddA daramyAna vIradAmA mRtyu pAmyo hoya. eTale dAmasene mRtyu pUrve enA bIjA putra yazodAmAnI e ja varSe arthAt varSa 160mAM kSatrapa tarIke niyukti karI hovI joIe. paraMtu dAmasena e ja varSe mRtyu pAmyo hoya ema enA putra ane anugAmI yazodAmAnA varSa 160nA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAthI spaSTa thAya che. yazodAmA 1lo A rAjavInA varSa 160nA kSatrapapa8 ane mahAkSatrapadranA ema ubhaya prakAranA sikkA upalabdha thayA hoI evuM anumAnI zakAya ke te varSa 160nA pUrvabhAge kSatrapa tarIke sattAdhIza thayo hoya ane uttarabhAge mahAkSatrapaTTe sattArUDha thayo hoya. enA anuja vijayasenanA varSa 160nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo AnuM samarthana kare che. yazodAmAnA mahAkSatrapanA sikkA varSa 160 ane 161 ema be ja varSanA hAtha lAgyA che. AthI yazodAmAM varSa 161mAM akALe avasAna pAmyo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che; kema ke enA anugAmI vijayasenanA e ja varSanA mahAkSatrapAlanA sikkAthI ene puSTi prApta thAya che. eTale ke yazodAmAe mAtra be varSathIya ochA samaya sudhI rAjagAdI bhogavI hovI joIe. Ama, varSa 160-61nAM be varSa daramyAna dAmasena, eno putra vIradAmA ane eno bIjo putra yazodAmA sattAdhIza bane che ane sattAkALa daramyAna ja mRtyu pAme che. AthI, eno trIjo putra vijayasena varSa 161mAM mahAkSatrapa pade ArUDha thAya che ane dIrghakAla sudhI zAsanastha rahe che. vijayasena " ApaNe agAu avalokyuM ke vijayasena eka ja varSa kSatrapapade rahyo ane bIje ja varSe mahAkSatrapa tarIke sattArUDha thayo. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 161thI 172 sudhInA pratyeka varSanA prApta thayA che, je sArI sthitimAM sacavAyelA che. repsana 5 evI noMdha kare che ke kSatrapakuLamAM A rAjAnA sikkAo zreNI, miti, prakAra, kotaraNI vagerene kAraNe dhyAnArha che. A pachI A bAbatomAM sikkA taiyAra karavAnI kArIgIrImAM paDatI jovA maLe che. enA anugAmInA sikkA varSa 172thI zarU thAya che. AthI eNe agiyAreka varSa For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zAsana karyuM kahevAya. eno sattAkAla zAMtipUrNa ane samRddha hato ema sUcita thAya che enA samagra gujarAtamAMthI moTI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thayelA sikkAonI prAptithI. 128 enA rAjyakALa daramyAna koI zAsakanA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA hAtha lAgyA nathI. AthI, evI aTakaLa thaI zake ke e yuvAnavaye akALe avasAna pAmyo hoya, jethI e potAnA uttarAdhikArInI nimaNUka karI zakyo nahIM hoya. enA agrajonA alpakALane dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM ema kahI zakAya ke e mahAkSatrapapade Avyo tyAre juvAna haze ane tethI tene potAno vArasadAra ke anugAmI kSatrapa nImavAnI AvazyaktA jaNAI nahIM hoya. enA pachI eno anuja dAmajadazrI gAdIe Avyo. dAmajadazrI jo A rAjAnA mAtra mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 172thI 177 sudhInA hAtha lAgyA che; tethI e vijayasenanA anugAmI tarIke varSa 172nA uttara bhAgamAM gAdI-ArUDha thayo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. enA anugAmInA varSa 177nA sikkAothI spaSTa thAya che ke e varSa 177nA pUrvabhAga daramyAna avasAna pAmyo hoya. A rAjA vize vadhu koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. rudrasena 2jo dAmajadazrI 3jAnA jyeSTha baMdhu kSatrapa vIradAmAnA putra rudrasenanA varSa 177thI 199 sudhInA lagabhaga pratyeka varSanApa mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA upalabdha thayA hoI dAmajadazrInA anugAmI tarIke e sIdho ja mahAkSatrapapada pAmyo hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. enA anugAmI rAjA mahAkSatrapa vizvasiMhanA sikkA varSa 200thI maLatA hoI rudrasena varSa 199nA aMtabhAgamAM bAvIseka varSa zAMtibharyuM rAjya karIne avasAna pAmyo jaNAya che. enA dIrghazAsanasamaya daramyAnanI koI vizeSa mAhitI maLatI nathI. enA sattAkAlanA uttarabhAgamAM enA putra vizvasiMhane kSatrapa tarIke sattArUDha thayelo joIe chIe. rudrasenane koI anuja na hoI eno rAjyAdhikA2I enA jyeSTha putra vizvasiMhane prApta thayo hato. vizvasiMha kSatrapapada tarIkenA enA sikkA uparanuM vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa 190 che. A varSa pUrvenA tema ja varSa 199 sudhInA (ekAda apavAdane bAda karatAM juo pAdanoMdha 57) kSatrapa tarIkenA koI anya zAsakanA sikkAo maLatA na hoI vizvasiMha varSa 190 pUrve paNa kSatrapa tarIkenI sattA hAMsala karI cUkyo hoya. enA varSa 191thI 196 sudhInA cha varSanA enA sikkA hajI hAtha lAgyA nathI. hA, varSa 197-98 ane 199nA ekeka sikkA sarvANiyAnidhimAM jovA maLe che. enA sikkA paranuM chelluM jJAta varSa 200 che ane enA anugAmInA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 200thI upalabdha thayelA hoI vizvasiMha e ja varSanA uttarabhAge mahAkSatrapapade pahoMcyo hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA varSa 200 ane 201nA sikkAo A bAbatanuM samarthana kare che. enA anuja bhatRdAmAnA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 204thI maLatA hoI evuM anumAna thaI zake ke vizvasiMha 204 sudhI mahAkSatrapapade rahyo hovo joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 129 bhartudAmA A zAsakanA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 200thI 204 sudhInA maLyA che. enA purogAmI vizvasiMhanA kSatrapapadanA sikkA 200 sudhInA che ane enA anugAmI vizvasananA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 205thI maLe che. A dRSTie bhartudAmAno mahAkSatra55no akhatyAra pAMceka varSano hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. enA mahAkSatrapadranA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 204 che ane chelle jJAta varSa 221 che. enA varSa 208, 218 ane 219nA sikkA hAtha lAgyA nathI. enA kSatrapakAlanA aMtima jJAta varSa ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA AraMbhanA jJAta varSa uparathI eno mahAkSatrapIya sattAkAla varSa 204nA uttarArdhamAM prAraMbhAyo hovAnuM kahI zakAya. enA zAsanasamayanI uttarAvadhi nirNita karavI muzkela che; kema ke enA amalanA chellA jJAta varSa 201 pachI lagabhaga 48 varSa daramyAna koI mahAkSatrapanA sikkA upalabdha thayA nathI. paraMtu enA potAnA mahAkSatrapakALanA sikkAono abhyAsa sUcave che ke eNe sattareka varSa sudhI rAjadhurA saMbhALI hatI. A daramyAna kSatrapAve eno putra vizvasena hato, jenA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 226 sudhInA prApya thayA che. AthI, bhartIdAmAno mahAkSatrapIya zAsanasamaya varSa 221thI 226 sudhI laMbAyo hovA saMbhave che.' vizvasana enA pitA bhartudAmAnA rAjaya-amalanA AraMbhathI ja enA putra vizvasenane kSatrapa tarIkeno uttarAdhikAra prApta thayelo jovo sUcita thAya che. enA kSatrapIya sikkA varSa 205 ane 206 tema ja varSa 214thI 226 sudhInA pratyeka varSanA upalabdha thayA che. Ama, eNe varSa 205thI 226 eTale ke Azare bAvIseka varSa sudhI sattAnAM sUtro saMbhALyAM hatAM. svAmI jIvadAmAnA putra rudrasiMhanA kSatrapapa6nA sikkA varSa 226thI maLe che, ane pachI agiyAreka varSa paryaMta cAlu rahelA sUcita thAya che. paraMtu A samaya daramyAna vizvasena ke bIjo koI kSatrapavaMzI rAjA mahAkSatrapaduM hovAnuM jANamAM nathI9. svAmI jIvadAmAM svayam koI paNa prakAranuM adhikArapada ke adhikRta zAsakIyapada ke biruda arthAt rAjA, kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapanAM biruda dharAvato na hato. AthI, vizvasena anya koI kAraNe kSatrapapadethI mahAkSatrapapade pahoMcyo na hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM, mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmA ane kSatrapa vizvasena A samaye kadAca kudaratI rIte mRtyu pAmyA hoya to paNa emanA rAjayAdhikarAno vAraso emanA koI anujane ke putrane maLyo hovAnuM darzAvI zakAtuM nathI. AthI, vizvasena ane rudrasiha vacceno sattApalaTo koI aniyamita prakAre thayo hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya che. - svAmI jIvadAmAne mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmA ke kSatrapa vizvasena sAthe sagAIno koI saMbaMdha hato ke kema e kahevuM muzkela che. jIvadAmAnuM svAmI biruda, enA nAmanuM uttarapada rAmA, enuM AkhuMya nAma tathA enA putranuM nAma avaloktA jIvadAmA cAkhanakuLa sAthe koI nikaTano saMbaMdha dharAvato hovA saMbhave che; paraMtu prastuta saMbaMdha pitR-putranI sIdhI vaMzAjaparaMparAno hato e For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta darzAvavuM zakaya jaNAtuM nathI. hAlanI upalabdha mAhitI anusAra bhartudAmA cAkhanakuLano chello mahAkSatrapa ane vizvasena e kulano chello kSatrapa tathA chello jJAta puruSa hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. atyAra sudhInA nirUpaNathI ApaNe kahI zakIe ke 13 mahAkSatrapa rAjAo ane 7 kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA upalabdha thayA che. Ama, sAmotikanA kuLamAM cAkhanathI vizvasenA sudhInA kula 20 rAjAonI mAhitI hAthavagI thAya che, ane e sahue lagabhaga 175 varSa sudhI sattA saMbhALI gujarAtamAM pazcimI kSatraponI rAjayasattAno, kaho ke gujarAtamAMnA zaka rAjayano, abhyadaya pravartAvyo hato. pazcimI kSatrapo have astAcaLe bhadraMdAmA pachI cAkhanakuLanI rAjyasattAmAM bhaMgANa sarjAyuM jaNAya che. eno putra vizvasena mahAkSatrapapada pAmyA pUrve ja avasAna pAme che. bhartudAmA pachI to mahAkSatra558 rudrasena 3jAnA pitA rudradAmA rajA pAse jovA maLe che. AthI, A gALA daramyAna mahAkSatrapapade koI rAjA hovAnuM jANavA maLatuM nathI. jyAre kSatrapa dhAraNa karelI traNa vyaktio sattAsthAne jovI prApta thAya che : vizvasena, rudrasiMha rajo ane yazodAmA rajo. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke bhartudAmA pachI pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonI sattA astAcaLa tarapha DhaLatI jovAya che. enI pachInA rAjAo mAtra kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAothI vibhUSita che, jethI teo koI anya zaktizALI sattAnI adhInatA heThaLa hovAnuM anumAna karavA prerAIe. paraMtu yazodAmAM rajA pachInA zeSa rAjAonA sikkAo kevaLa mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA ja upalabdha thayA che. AthI, AvuM anumAna yogya jaNAtuM nathI. eka ja zAsakanI prathA bhartudAmA pachInA rAjAo mAtra kSatrapadra tarIke sattA bhogavatA hatA ane aMta bhAganA zeSa zAsako kevaLa mahAkSatrapadra tarIke zAsanastha hatA e hakIkata upalabdha sikkAothI pratIta thAya che. arthAt evuM anumAnI zakAya ke bhartudAmA-vizvasenanA zAsanakALa sAthe cAkhanavaMzano asta thatAM kSatrapa-mahAkSatrapIya saMyukta prathAno aMta Avyo hoya. eTale ke tatu pazcAtu be nahIM paNa eka ja zAsakanI prathA vidyamAna rahI hoya. AthI, evuM sUcita thAya che ke jIvadAmAnA (eTale pazcimI kSatraponuM trIjuM kuLa) kuTuMbamAM (eTale ke kSatraponA cothA, pAMcamA ane chaThThA kuLa) e eka sattAdhIzane mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvyA hoya. Ama, zaka varSa 226 pachI, 226thI eka ja zAsakanI prathA pracalita rahI hovA saMbhave che eTale ke saMyukta zAsakIya prathAno varSa 226thI aMta Avyo e bAbata saMbhavita jaNAya che. pAdanoMdha 1. pArjiTara, DAyanesTIjha oNva dha kali eja, pRSTha 46, pAdanoMdha 48 ane prastAvanA pRSTha 25. 2. keTalAka vidvAno enA nAmano prathamAkSara dhyA hovAnuM sUcavIne enuM AkhuM nAma plAmati darzAve che. paNa AMdhI yaSTIlekhomAMnI lipinA maroDane dhyAnathI jotAM pahelo akSara mAM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che ane tethI te nAma sAmati che ema phalita thAya che. bhUDa sau prathama A vize dhyAna doryuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 131 hovAnuM jaNAya che (jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, bhAIpha, pustaka 2, pRSTha para, pAdanoMdha 2). 3. eIyu, pRSTha 182; nIlakaMTha zAstrI, kaoNhiI., pRSTha 280; rAma rAva, praIhikaoN., 14muM adhivezana, pRSTha pa6 . 4. eI., pustaka 16, pRSTha 23thI. zobhanA gokhale, "AMdhI iskripzana oNva cASTana, zaka 11', jarnala oNva eAnTa inDiyana hisTarI, 1970, pustaka 2, bhAga 1-2, pRSTha 104thI. zobhanA gokhale, joI, pustaka 18, pRSTha 237thI. te pachI vAsudeva viSNu mirAzIe zobhanA gokhalenA vAMcana upara TIppaNI karato lekha "dolatapura iskripzana oNva dha reIna oNva cArunaH iyara 6', joI., pustaka 28, naMbara 2, 1978, pRSTha 34thI 37, prakAzita karyo che. baMne vidvAno A lekha cAkhananA samayano che e bAbate samaMta che paNa nirdiSTa varSa mATe samaMta nathI. zobhanA gokhale te varSa zaka 254no mata darzAve che jyAre mirAzI varSa 6 che ema spaSTa jaNAve che je svIkArya jaNAya che. 7. Ara.esa.tripAThI, hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA, pRSTha 440; nIlakaMTha zAstrI, kaoNhiI., pRSTha 278 ana eIyu, pRSTha 121. ' 8. 1 AMdhInA yaSTIlekho (ei., pustaka 16, pRSTha 23thI). 2. rudradAmAno jUnAgaDhano zailalekha (ejana, pustaka 8, pRSTha 42thI). 3. rudrasiMha 1lAno guMdAno zilAlekha (ejana, pustaka 16, pRSTha 233thI). 4. jayadAmAnA pautrano jUnAgaDhano lekha (ejana, pRSTha 241thI). 5. rudrasena 1lAno gaDhAno lekha (ejana, pRSTha 238). 9. enA tAMbAnA sikkAnI vigato vAte juo have pachInuM prakaraNa tera. uparAta juo : raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 123. jaraoNeso., 1890, pRSTha 646; baoNge. pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 34; repsana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 93; bhAMDArakara, ahiDe., pRSTha 29. 11. enA tAMbAnA corasa sikkAno ullekha ke.ena. dIkSite karyo che. (ie., pustaka 48, pRSTha 121thI). AvA traNanI emaNe noMdha karI che, jemAMnA be uparanA lekha apUrNa che ane avAcya hovAthI A sikkA A rAjAnA hovA vize zaMkA rahe che. trIjAmAM rudrAmastha vaMcAya che. jo ke sikkAnA phoTA emaNe ApyA nathI. tethI te vize kazuM cokkasAIpUrvaka kahevuM muzkela che. 12. pAligraMthomAMnA ullekha tarapha pahelaprathama dhyAna kheMcyuM bImala caraNa loe. vigato vAste juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa tera, 'sikkAnuM nAma' aMgenuM lakhANa. 13. rudradAmAnA putra rudrasiMhanA lekhamAMnuM jJAta varSa 103 che ane enA sikkAmAM varSa 102 che. tyAre e kSatrapa hato eTale eno moTo bhAI dAmajadazrI e vakhate mahAkSatrapa hovo joIe. juo : have pachI dAmajadazrI 1lo aMgenuM varNana. 14. A zAtakarNi rAjA kayo tenI sAdhakabAdhaka carcA mATe juo pariziSTa che. 15. yaudheyonA sikkAnI vadhu mAhitI mATe juo : raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 95-98, emanI vIratA vAstunuM A vAkya caudhavAnAm naya maMtra dharA ITn dhyAnArha che. 16. caudhayAnAM protsAna.... (jUnAgaDha zailalekha) 17. enA caritanAM anya pAsAM sAru juo : vijayendrasUri, rudradAmA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 18. ApaNe avalokyuM ke dakSiNanA sAtavAhana rAjAne be vakhata harAvyA chatAMya eno pradeza pAcho Apyo emAM radradAmAnI rAjakIya kArakirdInI udAratAnAM darzana thAya che jeno pratighoSa pachInA samayamAM gupta rAjA samudragupta, dakSiNanA pradezo jItyA pachI paNa tene khAlasA na karI, batAvelA rAjakIya DahApaNamAM spaSTa rIte saMbhaLAya che. Ama, A bAbate rudradAmA samudraguptano purogAmI Adarza rAjA hato. 19. A badhI vidyAo, zikSaNa paddhatio ane lalitasAhityanI vigatavAra carcA mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdara ane soLa. 20. juo : apIcat (4) mA viSTiprakriyAma: pauranAnapaduM - svasmosA (na) madatA dhanane manatimattA Anena trizudraDhattaravistArayAmaM setu vidhA......()natare rimiti | 21 sane sthAne sa pATha vadhAre baMdha bese che. juo : agAunI pAdanoMdha 2, ahIM A yuktAkSarano uccAra na jevo thato hoI sAmagsane sthAne rAmana prayojAyeluM jaNAya che. 22. ahIM prazna e udbhave che ke dAmajadazrInA kSatrapa tarIkenA rAjayAdhikAra bhogavatA rudrasiMhanA sikkAo samayanirdezayukta che. to A ja samayanA dAmajadazrInA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo upara samayanirdeza jovA maLato nathI. saMbhava che ke dAmajadazrInA rUDhicusta svabhAve ene enA purogAmIonuM ja anukaraNa karavA vizeSa preryo hoya. 23. baoNge., pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 41-42. 24. keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 97. 25. ApaNe noMdhyuM che ke repsananA mata mujaba (juo : pAdanoMdha 23 ane 24) samaya nirdezavALA sikkAonI zarUAta jIvadAmAthI thayelI; jIvadAmAnA eka sikkA uparanuM varSa 100 che ema mAnIne. paraMtu jIvadAmAnA sikkA paranAM jJAta varSa 119 pUrvenAM nathI. tethI A maMtavya svIkArya banatuM nathI. 26, jayadAmAM, radradAmAM, dAmajada, jIvadAmAM vageremAM uttarapada TrAma ane naMdra videzI bhASAnI asara sUcave che; jyAre rudrasiMhanA nAmanAM pUrvapada (rudra) ane uttarapada (siMha) baMne saMskRta bhASAnAM che. 27. keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 99, kadAca koI videzI sattAe AkramaNa karyuM hoya evuM sUcana paNa kare che (ejana). 28. AsairI. 1913-14, pRSTha 227thI; ane vAgue., pRSTha 47thI 49 anukrame aLatekara eka sAthe resana ane bhAMDArakara baMnenA matane anusare che. (ejana). 29. A bAbatanI vIgatavAra carcA mATe juo A graMthamAM pariziSTha ATha tathA A ja graMthalekhakano lekha "rAjA mahAkSatrapa Izvaradattano samaya', svAdhyAya, varSa 5, pRSTha 106thI. 30. zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 65. A ja prakAranI aTakaLa sudhAkara varSa 101thI 103nA khAlI gALA vizeya kare che. rudrasiMhanA varSa 103nA gUMdAnA kSatrapa tarIkenA lekhamAM enA senApati AbhIra rUdrabhUtino ullekha che. A uparathI teo evuM anumAna kare che ke AbhIra radrabhUti vadhAre zaktizALI senApati hoya ane tethI teNe sattA chInavI lIdhI hoya ane A kAraNe jIvadAmA rAjaya choDI bhAgI gayo hoya tema ja rudrasiMha kSatrapa tarIke sattA bhogavavA sahamata thayo hoya (ejana). paraMtu A kevaLa aTakaLa che ane emAM tathya jaNAtuM nathI; kema ke rudrasiMha gurubaMdhu dAmajadazrInA kSatrapa tarIke sattAdhIza hato. dAmajadazrIe potAnA putrane nahIM paNa anujane-rudrasiMhane kSatrapano adhikAra suparata karyo hato. 31. jaraoNeso., 1899, pRSTha 379 ane keTalaoNga, phakaro 101. aLatekare repsananA agAunA sUcananA AdhAre satyadAmAne jIvadAmAno anuja mAnyo hato (vADue., pRSTha 47thI) . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sAta 133 32-33. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 23thI 25. 34. rudrasiMhane traNa putro hato : rudrasena 1lo, saMghadAmA ane dAmasena; chatAMya enA rAjayano vAraso enA agraja dAmajadazrInA putrone maLe che. agAu ApaNe avalokayuM ke rudrasiMhanA mahAkSatrapakAla daramyAna madadanIza kSatrapa tarIke satyadAmAM hato, ane e ja hodA daramyAna enuM avasAna thayeluM. enI jagyAe enA anuja jIvadAmAnI kSatrapapade nimaNuka thAya e pUrve saMbhava che ke rudrasiMha mRtyu pAmyo hoya ane tethI jIvadAmAM sIdho ja mahAkSatrapapadano adhikArI banyo hoya. 35. A varSa 232 che evuM vAcana e kalekazana oNva prAkRta saMskRta iskrizansanA (prakAzita saMsthA bhAvanagara purAvavastuvidyA vibhAga) saMpAdake prastuta kareluM (pRSTha 23). tadanusAra girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArye paNa guaile., (bhAga 1)mAM A ja varSa noMdhyuM che (pRSTha 18). paraMtu A vAMcanamAM doSa rahelo jaNAya che. repsana (keTalaoNga., phakaro 102) ane bhUMDarse (ei., pustaka 10, naMbara 962) A varSa 122 (232 nahIM) che ema anumAnyuM che. AthI A lekhamAM jaNAvelo rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasena te gaDhAnA lekhamAM nirdezita rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudradAmAno pautra tathA rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI radrasiMhano putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI radrasena eTale ke radrasena 1lo hovAnuM nizcita thAya che. 36. mUlavAsarano lekha (guaile., bhAga 1, naM. 11) ane gaDhAno lekha (ejana, naM. 8). 37. chAbA zAstrI, eI., pustaka 28, pRSTha 174thI. 38. vadhu vigata vAste juo.A graMthamAM pariziSTa cAra. uparAMta A graMthalekhakano lekha "kathika : rAjAo ane saMvata', vidyA (gujarAta yunivarsiTInuM mukhapatra), pustaka 11, naMbara 1, pRSTha 103thI. 39. prastuta lekhamAM jayadAmA sivAya rudrasenanA traNeya pUrvajone A biruda vadhArAnuM arpaNa kareluM jaNAya che. jayadAmAM to kSatrapapada daramyAna ja avasAna pAmelo tethI tenA nAma AgaLa A biruda nathI. AthI, evuM phalita thAya che ke madag biruda mAtra purogAmIo mATe ane purogAmIomAM mahAkSatrapo mATe prayojAyuM jaNAya che. 40. AsairI., 1913-14, pRSTha 136. 41. vAgue., pRSTha 51 ane eI, pustaka 20, pRSTha 37. 42. koMhii., pustaka 2, pRSTha 287. 43. dA.ta. sAtavAhana rAjA vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinI patnI paNa pitRkuLano sagaurava nirdeza kare che | (ie., pustaka-12, pRSTha 273). 44. privemyubu, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 57. 45. vAgue., pRSTha para ane pradahikoM., 1940, pRSTha 100. 46. AsaIrI.1913-14, pRSTha 32. paraMtu rAjakoTanA vaoNTasana myujhiyamamAM saMghadAmAno eka sikko vIsamI sadInA sAThanA dAyakAnA pUrvArdhamAM upalabdha nahIM hovAnI khAtarI A graMthalekhakane che. AthI tema ja enA purogAmI-anugAmInA sikakAo uparanAM varSathI paNa A sUcana svIkArya rahetuM nathI. 47, privemyubu, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 57. 48. varSa 158 pachI eNe vadhu samaya rAjya karyuM nahIM hoya ema jaNAvI repsane evuM sUcana karyuM che ke varSa 158thI 161nA samayagALAmAM AbhIra rAjA Izvaradatte kSatrapo pAsethI sattA chInavI lIdhI hoya (TalaoNga., phakaro 105). paraMtu repsananuM sUcana yogya nathI (juo : raseza jamInadAra, "rAjA mahAkSatrapa Izvaradattano samayanirNaya', svAdhyAya, varSa 5, pRSTha 106thI ane A graMthamAM pariziSTa ATha). 49. juo pAdanoMdha 47. uparAMta juo pAdanoMdha 46. For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 50. AsairI., 1913-14, pRSTha 245; janyUsoI., pustaka 17, bhAga 1, pRSTha 95. 51. A graMthalekhake jyAre gaI sadInA AThanA dAyakAnA prAraMbhe A saMgrAlayanI mulAkAta lIdhelI tyAre A sikkAno noMdhAyelo naMbara hato 15429. 52. A rAjAno eka zilAlekha tAjetaramAM prApta thayo che (jaoI., pustaka 22, aMka 4, pRSTha 290thI, 1973. . varSa 160nA enA be bhAIo yazodAmA ane vijayasenA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA upalabdha thayA che. juo : privaimya keTalaoNga naMbara 22495 ane 15248 anukrame. 54. A saMdarbhamAM aLatekara evI noMdha kare che ke pitA ane be putronA be varSanA TUMkA gALAmAM thayelA akALa avasAnathI rAjakAraNamAM koI kaTokaTI udbhavI hovI joIe. jo ke te bAbate koI nizcita kAraNa ApI zakAya nahIM; kema ke rAjayavAraso kaho ke rAjyAdhikAra to pazcimI kSatraponA rAjaya vahIvaTImAM svIkArelA kramAnusAra prApta thayelo jaNAya che. vaLI e samaye koI bAhya sattA ja na hatI ke jeNe A zaka-rAjayamAM koI muzkelI sarjI hoya (vADue., pRSTha 53-54). jo ke A badhI ghaTanAo kudaratI rIta ja ghaTI hoya e sAva svAbhAvika che ane tethI koI aTakaLane sthAna nathI. 55. kaeNTelaoNga., phakaro 113. pa6, enA varSa 192 ane 193nA sikkAo maLyA nathI. jo ke enA upalabdha sikkAonuM saMkhyApramANa ghaNuM moTuM che. keTalAka sikkA samayanirdeza vinAnA paNa che. to keTalIkanI kotaraNI sArI nathI. 57. vijayasenanA rAjyArohaNathI (arthAt zaka varSa 161thI) te vizvasiMhanA rAjayanA AraMbha (arthAt zaka varSa 190) sudhI ane te pachI 199 sudhI (apavAdarUpe zaka varSa 197nA vizvasiMhanA sikkAne bAda karatAM) lagabhaga cAlIseka varSa sudhI kSatrapa tarIkeno hodo darzAvatA sikkA maLyA nathI. A ghaNo lAMbo gALo gaNAya je daramyAna bAvIsa varSa sudhI to rudrasena rajAe zAsana karyuM hatuM, ane vijayasene agiyAreka varSa rAjaya kareluM ane dAmajadazrIe pAMceka varSa rAjyasattA saMbhALelI te ApaNe avalokaDyuM che. paraMtu A vAte koI sApekSa mAhitI hAthavagI thaI nathI. 58. gi.va.AcArye jUnAgaDhanI sTeTa TrejharImAM saMgRhIta sikkAomAM vizvasiMhanA eka sikkA upara varSa 211nuM vAcana prastuta karyuM che (jaraoNesobeM., pustaka 3, aMka 2, pRSTha 97-98). paraMtu AcAryanuM A vAcana svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI; kema ke enA anuja bhartudAmAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 204thI prApta thayA ja che. repsana paNa vizvasiMhanA zAsanakALane lagabhaga varSa 211 sudhI laMbAve che (keTalaoNga., phakaro 116). emanuM A vidhAna paNa upara nirdiSTa kAraNane lIdhe svIkArI zakAtuM nathI. pa9, je.ena.benarajI (kaoNhiI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 291) ane a.sa. aLatekara (vADue., pRSTha 56-57) A saMdarbhamAM sAsAnI AkramaNano nirdeza kare che. sAsAnI rAjA vAhana rajo (IsvI ra76thI 293) IsvI 284mAM siMdha ane zakastAna upara jIta prApta kare che, ane e pradezonI saMbhALa mATe eNe enA bhAI vAhana 3jAne zAnazadinA biruda sAthe rAjyapAla tarIke niyuktI ApI che. jo ke aLatekaranA mate sAsAnI samrATanuM ApaNA deza uparanuM AkramaNa ane siMdhanI jIta pazcimI kSatraponA bhAvIne pratyakSa rIte asara karatAM nathI; kema ke prastuta AkramaNa pahelAM saMbhavataH kSatrapoe kadAca siMdha uparanI rAjyasattA gumAvI dIdhI hoya. paraMtu baMne adhyetAonA maMtavya sAthe sahamata thaI zakAya tevA purAvAnA abhAve e zraddheya gaNavAM muzkela che. hakIkatamAM siMdha upara pazcimI kSatraponI koI sattA kyAreya hatI nahIM. prAyaH AbhIra rAjA Izvaradattano mahAkSatrapIya amala A samayagALAnA aMtabhAge AraMbhAyo hovA saMbhave. (jeo : A graMthamAM pariziSTa ATha). 60. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha anya pazcimI kSatrapakuLa prAraMbhe vaMzAvaLInAM avalokanathI cASTanavaMzanA chellA jJAta zAsaka vizvasana pachI svAmI jIvadAmAnuM nAma sikkAothI jANavuM prApta thAya che. A rAjAno nirdeza enA putra rudrasiMha rajAnA sikkAomAM thayelo che. hA, jIvadAmAno potAno ekeya sikko adyApi hAthavago thayo nathI. AthI, enA pitAnuM nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI. pariNAme jIvadAmAnA pitA ane cASTanavaMzanA chellA rAjA vizvasena vacce paitRka saMbaMdha hato ke kema ane hato to kevA prakArano hato e vize koI ja mAhitI ekeya sAdhanathI prApta thaI nathI. eTale emanA kuLanA nAmakaraNa vize kazuM anumAna karavuM muzkela che. jIvadAmAnA kuLamAM traNa puruSo ane be ja zAsakono saLaMga vaMza jovA maLe che. emAMnA bIjA rAjA yazodAmAM dvitIya pachI sikkAo uparathI svAmI rudradAmAM dvitIyanuM nAma jANI zakAyuM che. paraMtu A baMne rAjAo vacce kyA prakAranI sagAI hatI e bilakula spaSTa thatuM nathI. rudradAmAM dvitIya pachI rudrasena tRtIya sattAdhIza thAya che. A vaMzamAM, eTale ke pazcimI kSatraponA cothA kuLamAM, A be ja zAsakonI mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. A vaMzanuMya koI viziSTa kuLanAma jANavA maLyuM nathI. rudrasena tRtIya pachI enI bahenano putra bhANeja svAmI siMhasena gAdIpati hato evuM sikkAothI darzAvAyuM che. AthI, siMhasenanuM kuLa rudrasena tRtIyanA kuLa karatAM bhinna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. eTale ke pazcimI kSatraponI vaMzAvaLImAMnuM A pAMcamuM kuLa che. siMhasena pachI eno putra rudrasena caturtha gAdIe Arohita thAya che. A vaMzamAMya A be ja rAjAo sattAdhIza thayA hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. emanA kuLanAma vizeya koI ja mAhitI upalabdha thatI nathI. rudrasena caturtha pachI rudrasiMha tRtIyanA sikkA uparathI enA pitA satyasiMhanI mAhitI hAthavagI thaI che; paraMtu sudrasena caturtha ane satyasiMha vacceno saMbaMdha spaSTa thato nathI. satyasiMhanA svayamunA sikkA prApta nA hoI enA pitA aMgenI koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. rudrasiMha tRtIya pachI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA maLatA nathI. eTale ke pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM saMbhavataH A chello jJAna rAjA hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. Ama, pazcimI kSatraponA A chaThThA kuLanI sAthe gujarAtamAM zaka jAtinA paNa bhAratIya saMskArothI vibhUSita svataMtra sattAdhIza ane pazcimI kSatrapothI itihAsanA graMthomAM varNita zAsakonuM rAjaya asta pAme che. prastuta pRthakkaraNathI evuM sUcavAya che ke cASTanavaMzanI sIdhI saLaMga vaMzAvaLI pachI, kula cAra jagyAe saMbaMdhonA tANAvANA tUTelA dazyamAna thAya che; jemAMnA ekamAM kuLa bhinna hovAnuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jaNAya che paNa zeSa traNa kuLanA saMbaMdho vize ekeya bAjuthI kazuMya cokasAIthI kahI zakAya evI sAmagrI ke purAvA prApta thayA nathI. paraMtu A badhA ja zAsakonA sikkAomAM nirdiSTa saLaMga miti eka ja saMvatanI hoI tema ja saLaMga varSanirdezamAM dhyAnArha koI gAbaDuM jovA maLatuM na hoI A bhinna kuLonA zAsako pazcimI kSatrapo hatA te hakIkata che. vaLI rAjAonAM nAmasAmya paNa cAna kuLa sAthe kazoka saMbaMdha dharAvatA haze paNa te paratvenA koI sAdhakabAdhaka purAvA adyApi hAtha lAgyA nathI. paraMtu saMjogavazAt A cAreya kuTuMbamAM pratyekamAM phakta babbe zAsakoe rAjya karyuM che e bAbata paNa dhyAnArha gaNAya. trIjuM kSatrapakuLa svAmI jIvadAmA A vyaktinI mAhitI enA putra rudrasiMha rajAnA sikkA uparanA nirdezathI prApta thaI che. cASTananA pitA sAmotikanI jema sikkAomAM ene ra nAkSatrapa ke rInA mahAkSatrapa jevAM birudathI darzAvAyo nathI, mAtra svAmInuM vizeSaNa enA nAmanI pUrve jovuM prApta thAya che. AthI, eNe rAjya na karyuM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. vaLI, bhartudAmAnA putra vizvasana pachI svAmI jIvadAmAno putra rudrasiMha gAdIe Arohita thayelo hovAnuM sikkAothI spaSTa thAya che; kema ke ubhayanA sikkAo upara varSa 226 noMdhAyuM hovAnuM jovA maLe che. eTale kahI zakAya ke svAmI jIvadAmAe rAjya karyuM na hatuM. ApaNe avalokyuM tema A kuLanA rAjAonI cAkhanakuLa sAthenA paitRka ke anyathA koI saMbaMdhonI vigato hAthavagI thaI nathI. resana evuM sUcave che ke jIvadamAnuM svAmI biruda ane sAmAnta padavALuM vizeSanAma cAkhanakuLa sAthe eno najIkano saMbaMdha darzAve che. svAmI jIvadAmA kadAca bhartIdAmAno bhAI hovAnI aTakaLa emaNe abhivyakta karI che. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInuM mAnavuM che ke teo cAnTana rAjakuTuMbanI koI nAnI zAkhAnA nabIrA hovA joIe. rudrasiMha rajo trIjA kSatrapakuLano e sthApaka hovAnuM sUcavAya che. enA cAMdInA badhA ja sikkA mAtra kSatrapanA ja hAtha lAgyA che ane varSa 226thI 237 sudhInA lagabhaga pratyeka varSanA che. AthI, eNe agiyAreka varSa sattA saMbhALI hovAnuM sUcavAya che. mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA enA sikkA adyApi prApta thayA nathI. ApaNe agAu avalokayuM tema eka zAsakanI prathAnA AraMbhane kAraNe paNa Ama hovA saMbhave che. yazodAmA rajo A rAjAnA paNa kevaLa kSatrapadranA ja sikkA maLyA che. enA sikkAo varSa 237thI 254 sudhI (varSa 248 ane 251 sivAyanA) lagabhaga pratyeka varSanA maLyA che. enA purogAmInA sikkAmAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 237 hoI eNe A varSanA uttarabhAge sattA saMbhALyAnuM spaSTa thAya che. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM kSatrapa tarIke sikkA paDAvanAra A rAjA prAyaH chello che; kema ke have pachI badhA ja rAjAonA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA ja sikkA hAtha lAge che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha 137 ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM tema A rAjAnA zAsanata pachI kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLatA nA hoI enA zAsanakALanI nIcalI maryAdA nirNita karavI muzkela che. enA anugAmInA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 270 che, je rudrasena tRtIyanuM che. A rAjA rudrasenano pitA rudradAmA mahAkSatrapa tarIke sattArUDha thayo hato. eno sattAkAla Azare paMdareka varSano gaNIe, arthAt zaka varSa 21pathI 270 sudhIno, to yazodAmAnuM rAjaya zaka varSa 254nI AsapAsa ke najIkamAM pUruM thayuM hovA saMbhave. Ama, eNe lagabhaga aDhAreka varSa rAjagAdI bhAgavI haze. enA avAsana sAthe prAyaH trIjA kSatrapakuLano aMta Avyo darzAvI zakAya. cothuM kSatrapakuLa svAmI rudradAmA rajo A rAjAnA zAsanasamayathI have badhI ja pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo emanA nAmanI pUrve svAmI vizeSaNa prayoje che. svAmI rudradAmAM A cothA kSatrapakuLanA sthApaka rAjA che. jo ke eno potAno ekeya sikko adyApi hAtha lAgyo nathI. paraMtu enA putra rudrasenanA sikkAo enA vize jANakArI Ape che. A sikkAo rudradAmAne mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAve che. eTale cAkhanavaMzIya mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmA pachI ghaNA lAMbA samaye mahAkSatrapAdano prayoga thayelo jovo prApta thAya che. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke rudradAmAe gAdI jarUra hastagata karI haze. enA sikkAonI anupalabdhIne laIne eno zAsanakALa nizcita thato nathI, paraMtu enA purogAmI-anugAmI rAjAonA sikkA uparanAM jJAta varSothI eno saMbhavita sattAkAla sUcita thaI zake che. enA purogAmI bhartudAmAnA mahAkSatrapakAlanA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 254 che. varSa 226thI 254 daramyAna mahAkSatrapanuM pada lupta rahyuM ane e pachI mahAkSatrapanuM pada punaH sthApita thayuM tyAre kSatrapanuM pada samULe lupta thayuM e hakIkata ApaNe agAu noMdhI che. A saMbhava svIkArIe to AthI evuM anumAna thaI zake ke zaka varSa 254nI AsapAsa rudradAmAnA zAsananI pUrva maryAdA sUcavI zakAya. enA anugAmI rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 270 hoI rudradAmAnA rAjayanI uttaramaryAdA moDAmAM moDI saMbhavataH 270 sudhInI mUkI zakIe. tadanusAra eNe varSa 254thI 270 sudhImAM soLeka varSa rAjya karyuM hovAno saMbhava prastuta thaI zake. svAmI rusena 3jo te bahu moTI saMkhyAmAM A zAsakanA cAMdInA ane sIsAnA sikkA maLI AvyA che. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM sauthI vadhu saMkhyAmAM A rAjAnA sikkA hAtha lAgyA che. enA cAMdInA sikkA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA che. agAu avalokyuM tema bhartudAmA-vizvasena pachI eka ja zAsakanI prathA hoI rudrasenanA kSatrapIya sikkA maLavAno ke eNe pitAnA mahAkSatrapakAla daramyAna kSatrapapada saMbhALyuM hovAno muddo udbhavato nathI. eTale e enA pitA pachI gAdIe Avyo hoya te vadhAre saMbhavita che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta enA sikkA varSa 270thI 302 sudhInA upalabdha thayA che, phakta varSa 275thI 279 sudhInA enA sikkA prApta thayA nathI. enA anugAmInA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 304 che. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke rudrasenanuM rAjya varSa 302 ane 304nI vacce koIka tabakke pUruM thayuM hovuM joIe. Ama, eNe batrIseka varSa zAsanadhurA saMbhALI hovI joIe. eno dIrgha zAsanakALa ane enA sikkAonuM vipula upalabdhI-pramANa enA zakti saMpanna rAjyanuM, enA sAmarthyanuM, enA rAjayanI Arthika saddharatAnuM ane enI vIratAnuM dyotaka dhyAnA pramANa che. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM prAyaH A chello prabhAvazALI rAjA hato. ene anuja ke putra nahIM hovAthI eno rAjayAdhikAra enA bhANeja maLe che. pAMcamuM kSatrapakuLa svAmI rudradAmA rajo rudrasena 3jAnI bahenano e putra hato. enA pitAnuM ke mAtAnuM nAma jANavA maLyuM nathI. A rAjAnA mahAkSatra55nA sikkA varSa 304, 305 ane 306 ema traNa varSanA hAtha lAgyA che. enA purogAmI rAjAnA sikkA varSa 302 sudhInA hoI enA rAjyanI pUrva maryAdAne varSa 302 ane 304nI vacce koIka samaye sUcavI zakAya. enI anugAmInA sikkA varSa 310thI maLe che. eTale enA amalanI uttara maryAdA varSa 310 sudhI laMbAvI zakAya. paraMtu A samayAvadhi daramyAna anya be rAjavIo, svAmI rudrasena 4tho ane svAmI satyasiMhanI mAhitI sikkAothI saMprApta thAya che. eTale evuM anumAnI zakAya ke eno amala varSa 306mAM ja samApta thayo haze. svAmI rudrasena tho adyApi A rAjAno eka ja sikko hAthavago thayo che, jenuM lakhANa suvAcya nathI. A rAjAnA nAmanuM pUrvapada rudra paNa spaSTa nathI. paraMtu resana A sikko A rAjAnuM hovAnuM sUcita kare che. sikkA uparanuM varSa avAcya hoI enA sattAkAla vize koI aTakaLa prastuta karavI muzkela che. enA pitA siMhasenanA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 306 ane anugAmI zAsaka satyasiMhanA putra rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA uparanuM paheluM jJAta varSa 310 che. eTale rudrasena 4thAe A be varSanI vaccenA samayagALAnA pUrvabhAge sattA saMbhALI hovI joIe. chaThTha kSatrapakuLa svAmI satyasiMha A rAjAno ekeya sikko hajI sudhI hAtha lAgyo nathI, paraMtu cATananA pitA sAmotika, rudrasiMha rajAnA pitA svAmI jIvadAmA ane rudrasena 3jAnA pitA svAmI rudradAmA rajAnI jema svAmI satyasiMhanI mAhitI paNa enA putra rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA uparathI prApta thAya che. A sikkA paNa satyasiMhane kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAve che. enA purogAmI-anugAmInA sattAkAtane dhyAnamAM levAthI ane ene rudrasena 4thAno sIdho anugAmI hovAnuM vicAravAthI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha 139 eno rAjya-amala varSa 306 ane 310nA samayagALA daramyAna svAmI rudrasena 4thAnA zAsanakALa pachI e gALAnA uttarabhAge hovo joIe. rudrasena 4thA sAtheno eno saMbaMdha jANavAmAM nathI. jo ke repsana evuM sUcave che ke svAmI satyasiMha e svAmI siMhasenano bhAI hoya. paraMtu A vAstu sApekSa sAbitI emaNe darzAvI nA hoI emanI aTakaLa svIkAravA yogya rahetI nathI. AthI, ema kahI zakAya ke svAmI satyasiMhathI zarU thatuM A chaThThuM chelluM kSatrapakuLa che. svAmI rudrasiMha 3jo satyasiMhano A putra svAmI rudrasiMha 3jo e pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAomAM chello jJAta puruSa ane zAsaka che. enA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA varSa 310, 3120 ane 320nA atyAra sudhI hAthavagA hatA. paNa 1985nA arasAmAM jUnAgaDha jillAnA eka gAmethI pazcimI kSatrapa sikkAono eka nidhi maLI Avyo che. AmAM moTA bhAganA sikkA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasiMha 3jAnA che. A sikkA upara varSa 310, 313, 315, 316, 320, 333 ane 337 vaMcAyA hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. Ama, to atyAra sudhI pazcimI kSatraponuM chelluM jJAta varSa 310 hovAnuM anumAna thayeluM. paraMtu varSa 320no rudrasiMha 3jAno eka sikko sAThanA dAyakanAM prAraMbhamAM A graMthalekhakane prApta thayo che. hamaNAM sudhI varSa 320 chelle jJAta varSa hatuM. paraMtu te pachI hamaNAM agAu avalokayuM tema jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI hAtha lAgelA kSatrapasikkAnidhimAM varSa 333 ane 337 sUcita thayuM che. eTale svAmI rudrasiMhanA zAsanakALano ane e sAthe pazcimI kSatrapa sattAno aMta zaka varSa 337 arthAt IsvI 415nI najIka hovAnuM saMbhave che". kSatrapa rAjyano astAcaLa hamaNAM sudhI A graMthalekhakanA dhyAnamAM varSa 320no sikko pazcimI kSatrapavaMzano chello upalabdha jJAta Abhilekhika purAvo che, je ApaNe agAu avalokyuM. paraMtu 1985mAM jUnAgaDha jillAnA eka gAmethI kSatrapa sikkAono eka nidhi hAtha lAgyo temAM rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara varSa 333 ane 337 hovAnuM sUcita thayuM che. te pachInA samayanI kSatrapavaMzanI ke rAjayanI koI ja hakIkata jANavA maLatI nathI. cAkhanakuLanA chellA mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmAnA aMtathI ke pachI rudrasiMha 3jAnA aMtathI pazcimI kSatrapa sattAnAM pUra osaratAM jaNAya che. pazcimI kSatrapomAMnA chellA jJAta rAjA svAmI rudrasiMha 3jAnA sayamamAM kSatrapa sattAno aMta Avyo hovAnuM saMbhavita anumAna hakIkata bane che kema ke tenA sikkA upara varSa 333 ane 337 vaMcAyA hovAnuM sUcita thayuM che. enA kathita anugAmI rUdranA sikkA jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI beka dAyakA pUrve hAtha lAgyA che je mitinirdeza vinAnA hoI pazcimI kSatrapo sAthe eno saMbaMdha sAbita thato nathI. AthI, A chello rAjA rudrasiMha kAM to aputra maraNa pAmyo hoya ke koI anya zaktizALI sattAe kSatrapa rAjayano aMta Apyo hoya evI anumAnI aTakaLa thaI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta repsanathI AraMbhI itihAsanA adyApi sudhInA abhyAsIo lagabhaga evo mata prastuta kare che ke gupta samrATa caMdragupta vikramAditye pazcima bhAratanI A zaka sattAno aMta lAvI, kSatrapa rAjyane gupta sAmrAjayamAM bheLavI dIdhuM. A matanA samarthako potAnAM maMtavya mATe caMdragupta vikramAdityanA samayanA mALavAmAMthI prApta traNa zilAlekho ane caMdraguptanA potAnA, paNa prakAra-paddhatimAM kSatrapa sikkAo nA sIdhA anukaraNavALA, mALavAmAMthI upalabdha samayanirdezavALA cAMdInA sikkAno AdhAra le che19. ane evI aTakaLa kare che ke caMdragupta vikramAditya enA adhikArIo sAthe mALavA upara caDI Avyo haze ane mALavA jItI dazeka varSa mALavA rahyo haze. caMdragupta enA pratispardhI zaka rAjAne sIdhI laDAImAM nahIM paNa dagAthI mArI nAMkhe che evo bANanA harSaritamAMno ullekha A matane samartha che. A badhA AdhAra uparathI aitihAsiko evuM sUcave che ke caMdragupta IsvI 395thI 400 sudhImAM mALavA upara AkramaNa karI kSatrapa sattAne nirmULa karI hoya. paraMtu A vidvAno eNe gujarAta upara kyAre caDAI karelI e vize kazuM nizcitapaNe kahetA nathI. paraMtu mALavAmAMthI maLelA caMdraguptanA samayanA Abhilekhika purAvAonI carcA vakhate A ja pradezamAMthI upalabdha kSatraponA sikkA dhyAnamAM levAyA nathI. rAjasthAnamAMthI ane mALavAmAMthI kSatrapa-sikkAonA traNa nidhi hAthavagA thayA che : sarvANiyA, sAMcI ane goMdaramau3. A nidhiomAM rudrasena 3jA sudhInA sikkA prApya che arthAt enA anugAmI kSatrapa zAsakonA sikkA upalabdha nathI. AthI evuM anumAna thayuM ke zaka varSa 273 (IsvI 351) sudhImAM24 ke e pachI mALavA ane rAjasthAna uparanuM rAjakIya prabhutva kSatrapoe gumAveluM. paraMtu sonepura(madhyapradeza) nidhimAM rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 301 (IsvI 379) che. eTale viMdhyAcaLanI dakSiNe AvelA pradezo uparanuM niyaMtraNa kSatrapoe IsvI 379 pachI gumAvyuM hoya. AthI, rAjasthAna ane mALavA uparanI kSatrapasattA A varSa (IsvI 379) sudhI cAlu rahI hovAnuM saMbhave che?". Ama, kSatrapa sikkAonA agAu nirdiSTa sikkAnidhiothI spaSTa thAya che ke caMdraguptanA AkramaNa samaya pUrve ja kSatrapoe rAjasthAna ane mALavA uparanI rAjakIya pakka gumAvI dIdhI hatI, eTale caMdragupta kSatrapo pAsethI mALavA jItI lIdhuM hatuM evuM sUcana have svIkArya rahetuM nathI. caMdragupta vikramAditye gujarAta upara caDAI karI hovAno koI Abhilekhika purAvo prApta thayo nathI. sAhitya ke anuzrutimAM paNa A bAbate koI spaSTa ullekha nathI. enA ke enA putra kumAraguptanA koI zilAlekha paNa adyApi gujarAtamAMthI hAtha lAgyA nathI. mAtra enA pautra skaMdaguptano eka lekha, azokazailalekhathI khyAta jUnAgaDhanI bhAgoLe AvelA khaDaka upara, utkIrNa thayelo che. caMdragupta vikramAdityanA cAMdInA sikkA gujarAtamAMthI maLyA hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. aLatekara enA sikkA kevaLa pazcima bhAratamAMthI maLyA hovAnuM noMdhe che, paraMtu koI cokkasa sthaLavizeSano nirdeza emaNe karyo nathI. tethI tenA sikkA gujarAtamAMthI maLyA hovAnI bAbata zaMkAspada rahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha 141 kumAragupta 1lAnA cAMdInA ghaNA sikkA amadAvAda jillAmAMthI hAthavagA thayA che. A nidhimAMthI samudragupta, kAcagupta ane caMdragupta vikramAdityanA sonAnA sikkAonI sAthe kumAraguptanA sikkAo maLyA che. A vize evuM sUcavAyuM che ke A sikkAo kumAraguptanA samayamAM dATavAmAM AvyA haze. tethI kumAraguptanA sattAkALa daramyAna (IsvI 415thI 455) ja gujarAta upara guptono adhikAra pravartAvyo hoya e vizeSa saMbhave che. arthAt IsvI 41pamAM ke e pachI ja guptarAjayanI sattA gujarAta upara prasthApita thaI hovAnuM phalita thAya che. mALavA ane rAjasthAna upara kSatraponI sattA IsvI 379 sudhI hovAnuM agAu noMdhyuM che. A pradezo paranuM prabhutva A samaye jatuM rahyuM hovA chatAMya kSatrapo gujarAtamAM to sattAdhIza hatA, e to emanA sikkAonI upalabdhIthI nizcita thAya che. kSatrapomAMnA chellA jJAta rAjA rudrasiMha 3jAnA eka sikkA upara agAu varSa 320 ane have 333 tathA 337 hovAnuM spaSTa thayuM che. AthI, ema kahI zakAya ke mALavA gumAvyA pachI paNa gujarAta upara lagabhaga sADatrIsa varSa sudhI emanI sattA cAlu rahI hatI. Ama, pazcimI kSatrapavaMzanI sattAno aMta (zakavarSa 337 = IsvI 415) ane gupta sAmrAjayanI gujarAta upara hakUmatano prAraMbha (IsvI 415) e be ghaTanAo vacce agAu soLa-sattara varSano gALo raheto hato, have baMne ghaTanA eka ja varSanA (415) pUrvabhAge ane uttarabhAge anukrame ghaTI hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. AthI prazna e udbhave che ke pazcimI kSatrapo ane kumAraguptanA gurjara zAsana vacce zo saMbaMdha haze ? paraMtu amadAvAda jillAnA sANaMda gAmethI 1395 sikkAono eka moTo saMgraha hAtha lAgyo che, jemAM kSatraponA mAtra nava sikkA che, jyAre kumAragupta 1lAnA 1103 sikkA che ane zeSa eTale 283 sikkA zrI zarvanA che 9. A nidhimAMthI A traNa sivAya koI anya rAjAnA sikkA maLyA na hoI zrI zarvanA sikkAonuM sthAna kSatrapo ane kumAragupta vacce hovAnuM maMtavya abhivyakta thayuM che30 zrI zarvanA sIkkAo agAu maitraka vaMzanA senApati bhaTArkanA che ema sUcavAyuM hatuM. jo ke have e nizcita thayuM che ke A 283 sikkAo zarva bhaTTArakanA che je senApati bhaTArkathI bhinna vyakti hovAnuM jaNAya che. zrI zarvanA sikkA ene mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAve che. AthI, evuM anumAna thayuM che ke A zrI zarva bhaTTAraka pazcimI kSatrapone harAvanAra ane pachI prAguptakAlamAM gujarAtamAM rAjaya karanAra rAjA hato, jeNe agAu nirdezyA mujaba soLa-sattara varSa daramyAna sattA saMbhALI hoya ane pachI kumAragupta 1lAe enI pAsethI sattA meLavI lIdhI hovAno saMbhava darzAvAyo hato. eTale ke kSatraponI sattAne caMdragupta vikramAditye nirmULa karyAnuM anumAna svIkArya rahetuM nathI. paraMtu agAu avalokayuM tema jUnAgaDhanA eka gAmethI prApta thayelA sikkAomAM kSatraponA chellA jJAta rAjA rudrasiMha 3jAnA eka sikkA upara zaka varSa 337 hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. A vAcana svIkArIe to keTalAka prazno ubhave che : zrI zarvanA sikkAono kSatrapo sAthe zo saMbaMdha ? kumAragupta kSatrapone harAvelA ke zuM ? zrI zarva kayA vaMzano hato ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zrI zarvanA sikkAo mAtra sANaMdamAMthI maLyA che ane tethI te gujarAtano rAjA hovAnuM maMtavya ane kSatrapone harAvI soLasattara varSa rAjaya karyuM hovAnuM sUcana tArkika jaNAtuM nathI. kumAragupta zrI zarvane harAvyo hoya ke kSatraponuM rAjaya hastagata karyuM hoya evA koI sApekSa AdhAra purAvA maLyA nathI, eka ja sthaLethI prApta zrI parvanA sikkAo praznArtha banI rahe che. enuM pramANa paNa kumAraguptanA sikkA karatAM ghaNuM ochuM che. eTale atyAre to IsvI 415mAM kSatraponA rAjayano aMta Avyo ane te varSanA uttarabhAge kumAraguptanI sattA sthApaI evuM anumAna thaI zake. 3. pAdanoMdha 1. keTalaoNga., phakaro 119. paraMtu resananuM A sUcana svIkArya rahetuM nathI; kema ke jo svAmI jIvadAmA bhartudAmAno bhAI hoya to kSatrapakuLanA rAjagAdInA saMbhavita krama mujaba ene kSatrapapada avazya maLavuM joItuM hatuM. paraMtu sikkAonAM adhyayanathI spaSTa thAya che ke kSatrapapaH to bhartudAmAnA putra vizvasenane ane te pachI svAmI jIvadAmAnA putra rudrasiMha rajAne maLe che. 2. jaraoNeso., 1890, pRSTha 660. bhagavAnalAlanA A maMtavya mATe koI sApekSa purAvA prApta thayA jaNAtA nathI ane tethI te svIkArI zakAya tema nathI. rAyacaudharI ahIM evuM eka sUcana kare che ke A vakhate (zaka varSa 254 ane 270 vacce) sAsAnI rAjAoe AkramaNa karyuM hovA saMbhave. (pohiei., pRSTha 248. A uparAMta AvA ja saMbhava vize je.ena.benarajInA mata vize juo prakaraNa sAta, pAdanoMdha pa9). aLatekara jo ke sAsAnI AkramaNanuM sUcana svIkAratA nathI. (agAu teoe AthI viparIta vidhAna kareluM che. juo prakaraNa sAta pAdanoMdha pa9). aLatekara A bAbate evuM darzAve che ke A gALA daramyAna (IsvI 332thI 348) sAsAnI rAjA zApura rajAne IsvI 337thI 338mAM roma sAthenA samarAMgaNamAM saMDovAvuM paDyuM hatuM. vaLI, gujarAtamAMthI sAsAnI vaMzanA rAjAonA sikkA adyApi prApta thayA nathI. uparAMta rudrasiMha ke yazodAmAnA sikkA upara sAsAnI sikkAnI asara vartAtI nathI. (lAgue., pRSTha 58). aLatekaranA mate A AkramaNa vAkATaka rAjAonuM hovuM joIe. A vaMzamAM pravarasena 1lo eka ja evo rAjA hato, jeNe samrATa upAdhi dhAraNa karI hatI, ane vijayonI paraMparAmAM smRti tarIke cAra azvamegha yajJo paNa Ayojita karyA hatA. vaLI, enA pitA vidhyazaktie mALavAmAMthI kSatrapone hAMkI kADhyA hatA. eTale emaNe pazcimamAM potAnI sattAne vistAranA pazcima bhAratIya kSatrapa rAjA bhartudAmAne harAvavAmAM radrasiMhane sahAya karI hovA saMbhave; nahIM to rudrasiMha ane yazodAmAM mAtra kSatrapapada dhAraNa karI saMtoSa mAne e mAnI zakAtuM nathI (ejana, pRSTha 58-59). aLatekaranA A sUcananA saMdarbhamAM eTaluM dhyAna doravuM yathArtha rahe che ke A samaya daramyAna pazcimI kSatrapomAM vArasAgata bAbate eka ja zAsakanI prathA pracalita hatI. AthI, kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa padano prazna ja upasthita thato nathI ane tethI temanuM sUcana svIkArya banatuM nathI. 4. cAkhanakuLanA AraMbhamAM cAreka rAjAonAM nAmanI pUrve ane tyAra pachInA kuLanA eka rAjAnI pUrve svAminuM biruda jovA maLe che. 5. aLatekara A vAte evuM sUcana darzAve che ke IsvI 33pamAM vAkATaka nareza pravarasena pahelAnI sattA nabaLI paDatAM rudradAmAM rajo enA putrane harAvI mahAkSatrapapade ArUDha thayo hovo joIe (vADue., pRSTha 61). prastuta vAkATakonI gujarAta upara sattA hovAnA sApekSa purAvA prApta nA thAya tyAM sudhI A maMtavya svIkArAya nahIM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha 6. A pachI kSatrapIya sikkA maLatA nathI. paraMtu kalakattA saMgrahAlayamAM eka kSatrapa sikkA upara bI.ena mukharajIe varSa 270 vAMcyuM che. (janyusoi., pustaka 26, pRSTha 233thI, paTTa 4, naMbara 3). paraMtu emaNe prakAzita karelA sikkAno phoTogrApha spaSTa nA hoI emanA vAMcana vize koI nizcita abhiprAya ApavAnuM zakya nathI. saMbhava che ke A pAMca varSanA gALA daramyAna koI rAjakIya kaTokaTI thaI hoya. jAyasvAlanA mata mujaba gupta rAjavI samudragupte kSatrapa pradeza upara AkramaNa karyuM hoya. paraMtu alAhAbAdanI enI prazastimAM enAM yuddhonuM varNana che temAM kSatrapo uparanI caDAIno nirdeza nathI. AthI aLatekara jAyasvAlanuM maMtavya svIkAratA nathI. (vAgue., pRSTha 61thI). 7. 143 bIjI eka dalIla e che ke samakAlIna sAsAnI rAjA zApura 2jAe IsvI 356-57mAM (zaka varSa 278-79mAM) pUrvamAM caDAI karI hoya ane eNe rudrasena 3jAnA amalano kAmacalAu aMta ANyo hoya. paraMtu gujarAtamAMthI sAsAnI sikkA maLyA nathI. AthI, A saMbhava yogya jaNAto nathI. (ejana, pRSTha 62). trIjuM eka sUcana evuM thayuM che ke alAhAbAdanI samudraguptanI prazastimAM nirdiSTa Aryavartano rAjA rudradeva kAM to rudradAmA 2jo ke rudrasena 3jo hoya (sarakAra, praihikA~., pustaka 7, pRSTha 78). paraMtu A badhA ja saMbhavo apekSita purAvA nA maLe tyAM sudhI upakAraka jaNAtA nathI. 8. keTalaoNga., phakaro 127. 9. ejana, phakaro 128. 10. gi.va.AcArye sonepura nidhimAMnA be sikkA rudrasena 3jAnA varSa 310 ane 312nA noMdhyA che (nyumijhamaeNTika saplImenTa, naMbara 42, pRSTha 96). paraMtu emanuM A vAcana saMdigdha hovAnuM paramezvarIlAla guptae pratipAdita karyuM che. (bhAratIya vidyA, pustaka 18, pRSTha 84, pAdanoMdha 7). 11. muMbaI sthita sikkA saMgrAhaka sadAzaMkara zuklanA saMgrahamAM A sikko che ane A graMthalekhake te upara varSa 320 nirdiSTa hovAnuM sahu prathama vakhata dhyAna doryuM hatuM (raseza jamInadAra, 'pazcimI kSatraponI sAlavArI', svAdhyAya, pustaka 5, pRSTha 498 ane A graMthamAM prakaraNa pAMca, tema ja have pachI pAdanoMdha 14). 12. juo : dilIpa rAjagora, phreza lAITa oNna dha sozyo-poliTikala hisTarI oNva dha vesTarna kSetrapsa', sAmIpya, pustaka 19, naMbara 1-2, 2002, pRSTha 16thI 23. A lekhamAM jUnAgaDha jillAnA eka gAmethI prApta kSatraponA sikkAnidhi vize vigate carcA karI che. AmAMnA ghaNA sikkAo vecAI gayA ane khAnagI saMgrAhako pAse pahoMcI gayA, jenI koI mAhitI nathI. paNa sadbhAgye thoDAka sikkA sadAzaMkara zuklanA hAthamAM AvyA, jenA AdhAre rAjagore A lekha lakhyo che. 13. keTalaoNga., phakaro 129. 14. raseza jamInadAra, e noTa oNna ena ananoTicDa vaeNsTarna kSatrapa kaoNina', janyusoi., pustaka 30, pRSTha 198thI. 15. AthI, pazcimI kSatraponuM rAjya IsvI 415nA pUrvabhAge astAaLe gayuM hoya; kema ke gupta samrATa kumAraguptanA sikkA gujarAtamAMthI maLyA che ane eno zAsanakALa IsvI 415thI 455no anumAnAyo che. (juo gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 194, pAdanoMdha 10 ane 11). 16. ahIM eka muddo, jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI prApta ukta kSatraponA sikkAnidhi saMdarbhe, noMdhavo jarUrI che (juo uparyukta pAdanoMdha 12). A nidhimAMthI adyApi ajJAta evA eka rAjA phandranA sikkA be prakAranA hAtha lAgyA che; mahAkSatrapa svAmI phandranA bAra jeTalA, ane svAmI phndranA pacIseka jeTalA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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144 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rAjagora A sikkAne mahatta (mAtRpakSIya saMbaMdhita) ane mahAkSatrapa (pitRpakSIya saMbaMdhita) ema be vibhAgamAM varNave che. A sikkAo mitinirdeza vinAnA che. lakhANa uparathI te svAmI satyasiMhano putra ane svAmI rudrasiMha 3jAno anuja hovAnuM rAjagora jaNAve che. A rAjA rudrasiMha tRtIya sAthe zAsanastha hato ema paNa sUcavAyuM che, je mAhitI svIkArya nathI; kema ke gupta samrATa kumAragupta gujarAta upara IsvI 415mAM rAjakIya prabhutva prasthApita karyuM hatuM ane gujarAtamAMthI enA upalabdha thayelA Azare pAMca hajArathI paNa vadhu sikkAo (juo gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 198, pAdanoMdha 11) A bAbatane samarthe che. vaLI rAjagoranA ja jaNAvyA mujaba jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI hAtha lAgelA kSatrapasikkAnidhimAM rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara varSa 337 jovuM prApta thAya che, je IsvI 415 barobara Ave. AthI rudrasiMha 3jo pazcimI kSatrapomAM chello jJAta rAjA hovAnuM puravAra thAya che. pazcimI kSatrapomAM maMdAkSatrapa ane kSatranA saMyukta zAsananI mAhitI jANItI che (juo prakaraNa 11). paNa rAjagore jema sUcavyuM che tema be kSatrapa eka sAthe sattAdhIza hoya e bAbata tarkazuddha nathI, tema svIkArya paNa nathI. ane tethI rAjagore jaNAvyuM che tema svAmI rUdra kSatrapa vaMzano chello rAjA hato e anumAna zaMkAspada jaNAya che. (rAjagora, ejana, pAdanoMdha 12 upara). 16. agAu noMdhyuM tema rAjagora kSatrapavaMzano chello rAjA satyasiMhano putra ane rudrasiMha 3jAno anuja indraka hato evuM jaNAve che je sikkAnI taiyArI karavAnI paddhati, varSanirdezano abhAva ane kumAraguptanI sattAnA saMdarbhamAM svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI. 17. resana, kaeNTalaoNga., phakaro 130; dha klesikala eja, pRSTha 12, 49-50; smItha, ahiI., 1957, pRSTha 309. udayagirinA be zilAlekho (phalITa, kaoNii., pustaka 3, pRSTha 25 ane 36); tema ja sAMcIno zilAlekha (sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 273thI). udayagirinA be lekhomAMthI eka caMdraguptanA mAMDalika rAjAno gupta saMvata 82(IsvI 401)no deyadharmane lagato che ane bIjo caMdragupta sAthe vijaya vAsta AvelA enA sAMdhivigrahaka maMtrI vIrasenano samayanirdeza vinAno che. sAMcIno lekha AmrakAdava nAmane lazkarI adhikArIno gupta saMvata 93 (IsvI 412)no che. 19. resana, keTalaoNga. phakaro 91, caMdraguptanA cAMdInA sikkA uparanuM vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa 90 (IsvI 409) che. e dRSTie eNe gujarAta upara sattA sthApI hovAnuM spaSTa thatuM nathI. 20. ripure 2 pa trAkurda minIvezapurazcandragupta: zapati rAtati | (kaoNvela ane thomasa, harSacarita, pRSTha 194). A anukAlIna sAdhana hoI enI sapramANatA mATe adhika purAvAnI apekSA rahe. vaLI, ripUrene sthAne nipura evoya pATha maLato hoI, emAM jaNAvelA zapati e bIjo koI rAjA, hovAnuM manAya che, je himAcala pradezanA alipuramAM sattA dharAvato hato. 21. rAmazaMkara tripAThI, hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA, pRSTha 251; elana, kembrija zorTa hisTarI oNva inDiyA, pRSTha 23 ane smItha, ahiI., pRSTha 307. 22. kadAca pAMcamI sadInA pahelA dAyakAmAM saMbhave evuM rAmazaMkara tripAThI noMdhe che (uparyukta, pRSTha 261). 23. anukrame AsairI, 1913-14, pRSTha 245; keTalaoNga oNva dha myujhiyama oNva ArkiyolaoNjI eTa sAMcI, pRSTha 61thI ane inDiyana ArkiyaoNlaoNjI-e rIvyu, 1954-55, pRSTha 63. 24. A traNeya nidhimAM rudrasena 3jAnA sikkAo uparanuM chelluM jJAta varSa 273 (sarvANiyA), 272 (sAMcI) ane 270 (gaudaramau) che. 25. paramezvarIlAla gupta sikkAnidhiono AdhAra laI AvuM sUcana kare che (bhAratIya vidyA, pustaka 18, 18. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ATha naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 84, pAdanoMdha 7). 26. guptAntIna mukAvuM, pRSTha 304. 27. janyusoi., pustaka 15, pRSTha 195thI. 28. Avo mata paramezvarIlAla guptano che (bhAratIya vidyA, pustaka 18, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 85). 29. jabaoNbrArA~eso., pustaka 6, pRSTha 55 ane 72. 30. paramezvarIlAla gupta, bhAratIya vidyA, pustaka 18, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 89. 31. ha.gaM.zAstrI, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pRSTha 551-53. 32. agAunI pAdanoMdha 30 mujaba. paraMtu emaNe A vAste 25 varSano gALo darzAvyo che. have rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA uparanuM varSa 320 upalabdha thayuM hoI A gALo tyAre 16 varSano rahe che. eTale A graMthalekhake tyAre paramezvarIlAla gupta anumAnane samarthana ApIne zrI zarvanA zAsanakALane vadhu nizcita karyo hato. paNa te pachI jUnAgaDha jillAmAMthI prApta kSatrapa sikkAomAM te vaMzanA chellA rAjA rudrasiMha 3jAnA eka sikkA u52 varSa 337 hovAnuM vAMcana vyakta thayuM che je ApaNe avalokI gayA. A bAbatane dhyAnamAM letAM rudrasiMha 3jA ane kumAragupta 1lAnA zAsanakALa vacce koI ja khAlI gALo raheto nathI. AthI zrI zarva aMgenuM guptanuM sUcana have svIkArya banI rahetuM nathI. paNa tenA sikkAnI upalabdhi praznArtha jarUra upasthita kare che. 145 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa pAMca cATana : zaka saMvatano saMsthApaka bhUmikA ApaNA dezanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA nirUpaNamAM vivAdaspada ghaNA prazno che tema ja ghaNA bhrAmaka khyAlo abhivyakti pAmyA che. A badhA prazno ane khyAlo bAbate itihAsanA vidvAno samaye samaye vivAdanA saMgrAmamAM sAmasAme UbhelA jovA maLe che. kayAreka viziSTa zodhasAmagrI, - dA.ta. samayanirdezayukta dastAvejo ke abhilekho ke. sikkAo tema ja utpananakAryathI prApta bhautika sAmagrI ke mULa srota paratve viziSTa arthaghaTana,- itihAsakArone emaNe agAu abhivyakta karelAM maMtavyamAM pheraphAra karavA prere che ke koI nizcita nirNaya upara AvavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. to kayAreka koI navuM arthaghaTana prastuta karavA sahAyaka bane che ke koI anibhava vicAra vaheto karAve che. alabatta, A paristhiti itihAsanirUpaNamAM vidhAyaka dRSTie sahAyaka puravAra thAya che. ane tethI A graMthalekhakanuM spaSTa mAnavuM che ke itihAsanAM lakhANo dara dasake navesarathI tapAsI javA ane jarUrI pheraphAro Ameja karavA joIe ane bhrAmaka khyAlonuM niMdAmaNa (weeding) karatA rahevuM joIe. kSatrapono saLaMga saMvata kayo ? ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA ke kSaharAta kSatrapa vaMzanA zilAlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSo rAjayakALanAM che; jayAre cAkhanAdikuLonA sikkAlekho ane zilAlekhomAM u@ikhata varSo koI saLaMga saMvatanAM hovAno sarvasvIkArya mata che. paraMtu emanA abhilekhomAM ane samakAlIna sAhityamAM A praznArtha saLaMga saMvatanuM koI viziSTanAma prayojAyeluM jovuM prApta thatuM nathI. pachInA kALamAM abhilekho ane sAhitya ubhayamAM ene 'zaka saMvata" tarIke oLakhAvyo che. zaka saMvata' vize vibhinna maMtavya atyAra sudhImAM aneka aitihAsikoe zaka saMvatanA pravartaka tarIke vividha nAmollekha, kaho ke vividha maMtavyo, rajU karyA che. atre e badhI carcAone ke e paratvenA badhA siddhAMtone vigatathI varNavavAno koI upakrama nathI; kema ke ghaNA vidvAnoe e vize khUba khUba carcA karI che. dA.ta. de.rA.bhAMDArakara ane rAkhAladAsa benarajIe emanA vistRta nibaMdhomAM A vize ati vistArathI sAdhakabAdhaka sasaMdarbhamAM A praznanuM vizleSaNa karyuM che tema ja emaNe pUrvAcAryonI dalIlo paNa cakAsI che. chatAM, AmAMnI keTalIka dalIlonI carcA ahIM sahetuka karavI che, jethI te te dalIlonI nabaLI kaDIo darzAvI zakAya ane navA siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana karavAnI mokaLAza hAthavagI thaI For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa pAMca 147 zake. ane tethI thoDIka carcA-vigata prastuta che. vononIsa ke nahapAna ? rAjA vononIsa e zaka saMvatano pravartaka hovAnI bAbata pahelaprathama paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe abhivyakta karelI; paraMtu anukAlamAM hAtha lAgelAM navAM sAdhanonA saMdarbhe emaNe potAno agAuno abhiprAya rada karIne kSaharAta kSatrapa nahapAna A saMvatano pravatarka hovAno navo siddhAMta rajU karyo". A parivartita vicAra vize emanI mukhya dalIla e hatI ke nahapAne zAtakarNi upara prApta karelA vijayanI smRtimAM eNe A saMvata pravartAvyo hato ane e kuSANa rAjA kaNiSkano uparAja(sUbo) hoI eNe enA mAlikanA mAnamAM e saMvatane enuM nAma ApyuM. nahapAna hoI zake ? bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIno zaka saMvatano pravartaka nahapAna che evo mata adhUrI mAhitInA AdhAre vyakta thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che ane tethI prastuta kAraNo dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM emano mata svIkArya jaNAto nathI : (1) emane prApta thayelI khoTI mAhitI e che ke nahapAne zAtakarNi rAjAne harAvyo ane vijayanI yAdamAM eNe saMvata zarU karyo. paraMtu asaMdigdha hakIkata to e che ke nahapAne zAtakarNine nahIM paNa zAtakarNi rAjAe nahapAnane sIdhI laDAImAM harAvelo. AthI bhagavAnalAlanuM maMtavya svIkArya rahetuM nathI. (2) nahapAnanA nAsikanA guphAlekhomAM samayadarzaka varSa koI eka saMvatanAM nahIM paNa enA rAjyakALanAM che e puravAra hakIkata che kema ke enA koI anuyAyIe enAM varSa saLaMga rIte vAparavAM cAlu rAkhyAM hoya ema jANavA maLatuM nathI. (3) koI paNa saMjogomAM nahapAna kuSANa rAjA kaNiSkano uparAja hovAnA koI purAvA adyApi prApta thayA nathI. balake nahapAna sArvabhauma sattA dharAvato svataMtra rAjA hato. (4) kuSANa rAjA kaNiSka zaka jAtino na hato; tethI jo nahapAne kaNiSkanA lekhomAM samayanirdezaka varSonuM anukaraNa karyuM hoya (jo ke te saMbhavita to che ja nahIM) to teNe zA vAste zaka saMvata evuM nAma pasaMda karyuM hoya e samajAtuM nathI. eNe enA sthAne enA mAlikanA vaMzanuM ke mAlikanuM nAma saMvata sAthe sAMkaLavuM joItuM hatuM. (5) jo ke A badhI kevaLa aTakaLa ja che; kema ke nahapAnanA lekhomAMnA varSane koI ja jJAta saMvata sAthe saMlagnita karI zakAya tema nathI. ApaNe agAu A vize (prakaraNa chamAM) avalokI gayA tema enAM ullikhita varSa rAjyakALanAM (regnal) che. vononIsa hoI zake ? devadatta rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakare paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInA prathama vakhatanA maMtavya sAthe sahamatI darzAvI vigate carcA karIne vononIsa zaka saMvatano pravartaka hato ema jaNAvyuM che. kRSANa rAjA kaNikhanA uparAja hovAne nAte, na to kSaharAta kSatrapa nahapAne ke na to kAImaka kSatrapa cASTane zaka saMvata pravartAvyo hoya evI bhUmikA darzAvI bhAMDArakare emano mata vyakta karyo che. A vAte teo bIjI dalIla e prastuta kare che ke jyAM sudhI kaNiSka zaka jAtino che ema sAbita nA thAya tyAM sudhI e pote zaka saMvatano prAraMbhaka che evI dalIlo nirarthaka nivaDe For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta che. AthI emanA mate zaka saMvatano zodhaka-cAlaka zaka vaMzano koI rAjA hovo jaIe ane te vononIsa hoI zake. paraMtu vononIsa padvava nareza hato tethI bhAMDArakarano mata Takato nathI. have bhAMDArakaranI dalIlo tapAsIe. have to A graMthalekhakanA mata mujaba pazcimI kSatrapo kuSANonA uparAja na hatA jenI carcA ApaNe prakaraNa pAMcanA chelle bhAge karI che. AthI nahapAna ane cASTana kevaLa uparAja hovAne lIdhe koI saMvatanA, khAsa karIne zaka saMvatanA pravartaka nA hoI zake evI bhAMDArakaranI dalIla svIkArya banatI nathI; jyAM sudhI kuSANa nareza kaNiSkanI zaka rASTrIyatA puravAra nA thAya tyAM sudhI zaka saMvatanA cAlaka tarIke kaNiSkane svIkArI zakAya nahIM. jo ke vononIsa zaka saMvatano pravartaka hovAno bhAMDArakarIya mata A kAraNosara svIkAravo yogya jaNAto nathI : (1) vononIsa zaka jAtino nahIM paNa pahnava jAtino hato ema sTena kono ane TAne spaSTapaNe noMdhe che11. (2) eNe bhAratamAM sattA saMbhALI hovAnuM jANamAM nathI2; balake te sIstAnano rAjA hato ane te samaye bhArata upara zaka rAjA moanI sattA pravartatI hatI. (3) vaLI eno sattA-samaya isu pUrvenI pahelI sadIno hovAnuM jaNAya che. jyAre je saMvata sAthe enuM nAma sAMkaLavAno bhAMDArakare prAyasa karyo che te zaka saMvatano prAraMbha to Isu pachI 78mA varSe thayo che. zuM kariSka zaka saMvatano cAlaka hato? sau prathama phargyusane evo mata vyakta karyo hato ke kaNikke zaka saMvatano prAraMbha karyo hato". anukAlamAM phargyusananuM A maMtavya lagabhaga badhA ja aitihAsikoe sarvAnumate svIkArI lIdhuM hatuM; eTaluM ja nahIM phargyusananI ja dalIlo e ja paddhatie anusaravAnuM ucita mAnyuM che. A vize vigatavAra carcA phargyusane ane olDanabarje karI che. phargyusanano mata phargyusane mukhyatve romIya sikkAono AdhAra lIdho che. "mANikyAla Topa'mAM kaSkinA sikkAo sAthe kosyulara samayanA (IsvI pUrva 43) romIya sikkAo prApta thayA che. A mANikyAla TopanI racanA kaNikke karelI eTale phargyusananA mate kaNiSkano samaya IsvI pUrva 43 pachIno mUkI zakAya, paraMtu IsvI pUrva 43 pachI keTalAM varSa bAda tenI spaSTatA temaNe karI nathI. AthI teo jeno AdhAra le che te AdhAra ja kaNiSkanA samayane nirNita karavAmAM upayogI thato nathI. AthI phargyusananI dalIla saMdigdha rahe che. A uparAMta teo jalAlAbAda najIkanA "ahIna poza Topa'mAMthI romIya samrATo DomiTiyana, TrAjana ane samrAjJI sabInAnA sikkAo sAthe kuSANa nareza kaNiSkanA ane haviSkanA prApta thayelA sikkAono AdhAra le che. DomiTiyana ane TrAjanano sattAsamaya anukrame IsvI 81thI 96 ane IsvI 98thI 117no che. jyAre sabInAno sattAsamaya IsvIsananI bIjI sadInA bIjA caraNamAM hato. AthI ema sUcita thaI zake ke A TopanuM bAMdhakAma IsunI bIjI sadI pUrve saMbhave nahIM ane to pachI phargyusanano A AdhAra paNa emanA matane samarthI zakto nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa pAMca 149 oNlDanabarjanI dalIla zaka saMvata kaNikke pravartAvelo evI dalIla phargyusananI sAthosAtha oNlDanabarja paNa vistArathI karI che. emanA matano mukhya AdhAra briTiza saMgrahAlayamAMnA kaNiSkanA eka sikkA uparano trIjo zabda che. A sikko pahelaprathama parsI gArDanere 9 prasiddha karyo ane e sikkA uparano trIjo zabda e che e prakAranuM vAMcana prastuta karyuM. ane A vAMcanane AdhAre oNlDanabarja evuM sAbita karavAno prayAsa karyo ke kaSki zaka jAtino hato. teo bIjI dalIla e kare che ke kaNiSkanA sikkAo uparathI puravAra thAya che ke eNe IsunI pahelI sadInA aMtima bhAge rAjaya karyuM hatuM; eTaluM ja nahIM A samaye bIjo koI samakAlIna bhAratIya samrATa kaNiSkanA jeTalo prabhAvazALI na hato. AthI eNe zaka saMvata pravartAvelo evI dalIla oNlDanabarja kare che. paraMtu parsI gArDanare je sikkA upara zaka zabda aMkita thayelo hovAnuM sUcavyuM hatuM te sikkAne kaniMgahame khUba jhINavaTapUrvaka tapAsIne asaMdigdhapaNe puravAra karyuM ke kaNiSkanA prastuta sikkA uparano trIjo zabda za nathI paNa sAva che. A kAraNe oNlDanabarje jenA AdhAre nirNaya karyo ke kaNiSka zaka jAtino hato te dalIla nirAdhAra Thare che. AthI kaNiSka zaka saMvatano pravartaka che evo oNlDanabarjano mata paNa svIkArya raheto nathI. chatAM paNa, atyAre lagabhaga badhA ja vidvAnono evo mata che ke kuSANa samrATa kaNiSka ja zaka saMvatano prAraMbhaka che. paNa A siddhAMtanA samarthanamAM ekeya sIdho dArzanika purAvo prApta thayo nathI. phakta sAmAnya aitihAsika aTakaLo upara ja A siddhAMta AdhArita rahyo che. bIjI bAbata e che ke je pradezamAM A saMvata khUba ja pracAramAM hato (eTale pazcima bhArata, khAsa karIne hAlanA gujarAta, mahArASTra ane madhya pradezanA keTalAka vistAro) te pradezo upara enuM Adhipatya hovAnI koI ja sabaLa mAhitI hAthavagI thaI nathI. trIjI hakIkata e che ke ane ApaNe agAu avalokayuM paNa ke kaNiSka zaka jAtino nahIM paNa turuSka jAtino hato. vaLI kuSANa vaMzano te trIjo rAjA hato. A vigato paNa pracalita maMtavyanI viruddha jAya che. cothI mahattvanI bAbata e che ke te eka atyaMta zaktizALI samrATa hato. sAhityamAM A bAbatano ullekha avAranavAra jovA maLe che. AthI jo kaNiSka koI saMvatano pravartaka hoya to kAM to te kuSANa saMvata tarIke, kAM to te turuSka saMvata tarIke oLakhAyo hovo joIe. A badhI vigatone AdhAre eTaluM to spaSTa che ke praznArtha saMvata zaka saMvata nAmanI ja oLakhAvAyo che. ane tethI spaSTataH kaNikke te calAvyo hovAno ati pratiSThita mata svIkArya banato nathI. pAMcamI dalIla e che ke pazcima kSatrapo, jeo kaNiSkanA sUbA hatA, jemaNe prayojelAM varSa cAra sadI sudhI upayogamAM levAyAM hatAM. ane tethI svAbhAvika ja, pachInA samaye, A varSo pazcima kSatrapo zaka jAtinA hovAthI zaka saMvatanA nAme oLakhAyAM, paraMtu A dalIla have koI paNa rIte svIkArI zakAya tema nathI. atyAra sudhInI sAdhakabAdhaka carcA uparathI eTaluM to spaSTa thAya ja che ke na to vononasa ke na to nahapAna ke na to kaNiSka A saMvatanA pravartAvanAra hatA. tyAre prazna e upasthita thAya che ke A praznArtha saMvatane prasthApita koNe karyo ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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15o kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta cAlTana A saMvatano pravartaka hato ? pazcimI kSatraponI prastuta karelI vaMzAvali anusAra kArDamakavaMzanA pahelA kuLano prathama rAjA cAnTana A saMvatano cAlaka hato, evo mata pahelaprathama kaniMgahame abhivyakta karyo hato. kaniMgahAmano mukhya AdhAra pazcimI kSatrapo ane AMdhrabhRtyonI sAlavArI che. teo nahapAnane IsvIpUrvenI pahelI sadInA madhyamAM vidyamAna hovAnuM jaNAve che. tema ja sAtavAhana rAjA zAtakarNi IsvI 70nI AsapAsa sattAdhIza hato ema sUcave che. A uparAMta emanA mate gautamIputra zAtakarNi, jeNe kSaharAta kSatrapone harAvyA hatA, te nahapAnano anugAmI hato. A badhI bAbatone dhyAnamAM laI kaniMgahama gautamIputra zAtakarNine cASTanano samakAlIna gaNAve che. te ja rIte pulumAvi ane jayadAmAne samakAlIna gaNAve che, jeo anukrame gautamIputra ane cASTananA putro hatA. vaLI teo jayadAmAno sattAsamaya 25 varSa jeTalo hovAnuM vicAre che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke A che kaniMgahamanI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhana vizenI sAlavArI paratvenI mAnyatA . kaniMgahama pachI trIsa varSe bRbreIle kaniMgahamanA matanuM samarthana karyuM. nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekhomAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 46 ane cATana samayanA zilAlekhomAMnuM paheluM jJAta varSa para che. varSa 46thI 5ra sudhInAM cha varSanA alpakALamAM banelA jJAta banAvo 7 azakya nahIM to saMbhavita to nathI ja ema mAnI DyUbreIla nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa enA rAjyakALanAM hovAno mata darzAve che. vaLI, sikkAo, lipi, bhASA, purAvastuonA AdhAre teo evI aTakaLa kare che ke nahapAnano sattAkALa IsunI bIjI sadImAM nahIM-8 paraMtu IsvInI pahelI sadInA prAraMbhe hovo joIe. A uparAMta chetALIsa varSa pachI tarata ja kSaharAta vaMzano aMta Avyo, varSa 46thI paranI vaccenA TUMkA gALAmAM cASTana kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA hoddAo pAmI zakyo, varSa paranA AMdha lekha pUrve ja rudradAmA sattAdhIza thayo hoya jevI hakIkato vbreIlane asaMbhavita dRSTigocara thAya che. tethI nahapAnanAM varSone rAjakAlanAM varSo gaNI zaka saMvatano pravartaka cAnTana hato evo mata teo pratipAdita kare che. A matanA samarthanamAM teo vadhu eka dalIla evI prastuta kare che ke svAbhAvika ja vaMzano sthApaka e saMvatano sthApaka hoI zake. A che vbreIlanA vicAro. hA, cASTane ja zaka saMvata calAvelo. paraMtu tAjetaramAM kaccha jillAnA khAvaDA gAmathI dakSiNapUrvamAM covIsa kilomITaranA aMtare AvelA AMdhau gAmethI kSatrapavaMzano eka vadhu zilAlekha prApta thayo che 1. agAu A gAmethI ja cASTananA samayanA cAra yaSTilekho varSa paranA nirdezayukta sAMpaDyA hatA. atyAra sudhI cAkhanavaMzIya rAjAo mATe A vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa hatuM. paNa AMdhaue saMpaDAvI Apelo prastuta yaSTilekha varSa 11no che ane te cASTananA kSatrapapada samayano che. Ama A lekha hamaNAM sudhI cAnTana sAru vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa 11 hovAnuM sUcita hatuM. zaka saMvata 11no A lekha te saMvatanA pravartakanA prazna aMge ghaNo upayogI ane dhyAnArha hato. paraMtu tatpazcAtu For Personal & Private Use Only

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1pa1 pariziSTa pAMca kaccha jillAnA dolatapura gAmethI prApta zilAlekha varSa no che, je zaka saMvatanA pravartakanA nAma vAste vizeSa upayogI banI rahe che. varSa 6 ane 11nA lekho IsvI 84 ane 89 barobara Ave che. jo ke dolatapurano varSa juno yaSTiplekha cAkhanano nathI. paNa enA samayano hovAnuM jaNAya che. lekhanI prathama paMktio khaMDita che chatAM koI AbhIra rAjAe cASTananA samayamAM A smRtilekha khoDAvyo hato. AthI, cASTananA varSa 11nA AMdha lekhanA saMdarbhe varSa duno lekha eno hovA bAbate zaMkA rahetI nathI. Ama spaSTata: zaka saMvatano pravartaka cAnTana hovAnA anumAnane A kAraNe puSTI maLe che : (1) ApaNA pazcimI kSatrapo zaka jAtinA hatA e vize have koI zaMkAne sthAna nathI. tethI pazcimI kSatrapavaMzonA bIjA kuLano bIjo puruSa ane prathama zAsaka cAnTana paNa zaka jAtino hato ema khasUsa kahI zakAya. (2) IsvIsana 78mAM zarU thayelo saMvata e zaka saMvata hovAno sarvasvIkRta mata che. (3) pazcimI kSatrapo svataMtra sattAdhIza hatA e ApaNe puravAra karyuM". eTale cASTana paNa svataMtra samrATa hoI eNe svataMtra saMvata calAvyo hovAnuM maMtavya vyAjabI che ane te vAstunuM kAraNa eNe purogAmI nahapAne gumAvelA vistAro sAtavAhana rAjA pAsethI jItIne parata meLavyA hatA te che. (4) jo pazcimI kSatrapo kaNiSkanA uparAja hatA ane emaNe kariSya zarU karelo saMvata upayogyo hato to prazna e upasthita thAya che ke to pachI pazcimI kSatrapoe kaNiSkanA sikkAonuM anukaraNa kema karyuM na hatuM ? pazcimI kSatraponA sikkAo kaNiSkanA sikkAo sAthe jarAya sarakhuM sAmya dharAvatA nathI. hakIkate emanA sikkAo aneka rIte vilakSaNa che. khAsa to sikkA taiyAra karanAra sattAdhIza rAjA potAnA pitAnuM nAma hoddA sAthe potAnA sikkA upara aMkti kare che; je bAbata ke A prathA kuSANa sikkAomAM ane mukhyatve to kaNiSkanA sikkAomAM jovI prApta thatI nathI. AthI kaNikke saMvata calAvyo hoya ane pazcimI kSatrapoe ene apanAvyo hovAno mata have svIkArya banato nathI. (5) nahapAna cASTanano sIdho purogAmI hato te ApaNe A graMthamAM prakaraNa che ane sAtamAM avalokyuM che. A nahapAnane sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNie harAvelo ane nahapAnanI sattA heThaLanA dakSiNa taraphanA vistAro zAtakarNie jItI lIdhelA. A pradezo tarata ja cANane potAnA sAmarthyathI pAchA jItI lIdhA hatA. zaktizALI sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakaNi upara prApta karelA vijayanI yAdamAM cASTane saMvata pravartAvyo hovAnuM anumAna asaMdigdhapaNe sUcita thAya che ane te saMvata enI jAtinA nAma uparathI anukAlamAM zaka saMvatanA nAme vikhyAta thayo. (6) saMbhava che bhaviSyamAM zaka saMvata 6 ane 11nA varSa pUrvenA varSanA nirdeza karatA lekha maLI Ave ane tyAre ApaNuM anumAna vadhu sudaDha banaze ke zaka saMvatano prAraMbhaka cASTana hato. For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 pAdanoMdha 1. vivAdAspada prazno ane bhrAmaka khyAlonI vizeSa mAhitI mATe A graMthalekhakanAM A pustako juo : (1) itihAsa saMzodhana, 1976, amadAvAda; (2) vIsamI sadInuM bhArata : aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM, 1977, amadAvAda; (3) itihAsa : saMkalpanA ane saMzodhano, 1989, amadAvAda; (4) svAdhInatA saMgrAmamAM gujarAta, 1989, amadAvAda; (5) gujarAtano sAMskRtika vAraso, 1990 amadAvAda; (6) itihAsanirUpaNano abhigama, 1992, amadAvAda; (7) prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, 1994, amadAvAda. ane anya keTalAka lekha : 'yakSaprazna Aryono : aitihAsika vizleSaNa', saMbodhi, pustaka 24, 2001, pRSTha 46thI 97; 'bAburI sAmrAjya : nAmakaraNa ane keTalIka sAMskRtika gatividhio', phA.gu.sa.ai., pustaka 66, aMka 3, 2001, pRSTha 123thI 137; AjhAdInI laDatanA itihAsanirUpaNanAM keTalAMka daSTibiMdu', sAmIpTa, 1997-98, pRSTha 70thI 76; 'bhAratIya vidyA : vibhAvanA ane vizleSaNa', svAdhyAya, pustaka 37, aMka 1-2, 2000, pRSTha 1thI 12; 'ApaNI saMskRtinI vistaratI kSitijo : avalokita vizleSaNa', phA.gu.sa.ai., pustaka 67, aMka 4, 2002, pRSTha 220thI 229 ane pustaka 68, aMka 1, 2003, pRSTha 10thI 18 vagere. 2. juo : 'e kuSANa sTona-Inskripzana enDa dha klezana ebAuTa dha oNrijIna oNva dha zaka IrA', jabaoNbrArAeso., pustaka 20, pRSTha 269thI 302. 3. juo : dha sIthiyana pIriyaDa oNva inDiyana hisTarI', ie., 1908, pRSTha 25thI. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 4. bA~ge., pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pR4 26thI. 5. ejana., pustaka 14, pRSTha 617. 6. sAmAnyataH koI rAjA AraMbhamAM potAnAM rAjyakAlanAM varSono nirdeza potAnA abhilekhomAM karatA hoya che; je pachI tenA anugAmIo e varSasaMkhyAne uttarottara vadhAratA jAya che ane te rIte aMte e saMvatanuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. maLatI mAhitI anusAra nahapAna pachI pazcimI kSatraponA bIjA kuLa Ama vaMzano bIjo puruSa cASTana sattAdhIza thayo hovAnuM sAbita thayuM che. AthI, nahapAnanA lekhomAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa 46 pachIthI AgaLa koI varSa anusaMdhAna svarUpe jovA maLatuM nathI. 7. juo : raseza jamInadAra, 'vaeNra dhavaeNsTarna kSatrapsa vAIsaraoNysasa oNva dha kuSANasa', umeza mizra kamemarezana vaoNlyuma, 1970, pRSTha 703thI. 8. kalhaNanI 'rAjataraMgiNI'mAM (1.170) noMdhyuM che ke kaNiSya turuSka jAtino hato. alibarUnI paNa A matanuM samarthana kare che (sacAu, ala birUnI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 11). 9. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 2. 10. raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 120. 11. kono, kaoNii., pustaka 2, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 88; TArna, grIbei., 1938, pRSTha 345. 12. paraMtu bhAratamAMthI tenA alpa saMkhyAmAM paNa cAMdInA ane tAMbAnA sikkA naLyA che. juo pAdanoMdha 10. 13. pohiei., pRSTha 299. 14. ejana, pRSTha 299-300. vononIsa moano samakAlIna hato ane moano samaya IsvIpUrva pahelI sadInA madhyamAM mukAya che (svAdhyAya, pustaka 8, aMka 1, pRSTha 50). ane tethI vononIsa paNa IsvIpUrva pahelI sadImAM vidyamAna hoya. 15. jarA~eso., navI zreNI, 1880, pustaka 12, pRSTha 264thI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa pAMca 16. InsA. briTA., 1964, pustaka 19, pRSTha 503 ane 508. 17. jabaoNbrArAeso., pustaka 20, pRSTha 272-73. 18. ie., 1882, pRSTha 213thI. 19. nyumijhamaeNTiksa kraoNnikalsa, navI zreNI, 1874, pustaka 14, pRSTha 161. 20. ejana, 1890, pRSTha 111-12. 21. kaNiSya turu jAtino che e ApaNe agAu avalokyuM (juo pAdanoMdha 8) 22. juo pAdanoMdha 11. 23. juo pAdanoMdha 7 tathA prakaraNa pamAMno chello muddo. 24. nyumijhamaeNTiksa kraoNnikalsa, 1888, pRSTha 232-33 ane 1892, pRSTha 44. 25. kSatrapo ane sAtavAhanonI sAlavArI vize adyatana mAhitI mATe juo : ajayamitra zAstrIkRta dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSetrapsa, 1998, nAgapura. A graMthamAM juo vibhAga 1, prakaraNa 6 ane vibhAga 2, prakaraNa 2 tathA baMne vibhAgamAM anukrame pariziSTa 3 ane 2. 26. juo ahiDe., 1920, pRSTha 26thI. 27. dA.ta. (1) nahapAnanA rAjyano aMta, (2) kSaharAta vaMzano aMta, (3) cASTananAM kSatrapa tarIke rAjayArohaNa ane zAsanakALa tema ja mahAkSatrapa tarIke rAjyArohaNa ane sattAkALa, (4) jayadAmAnAM kSatrapa tarIke rAjyArohaNa ane sattAkALa, ane (5) rudradAmAno kSatrapa tarIkeno rAjya alama. 153 28. jo nahapAnanA zilAlekhamAMnAM varSa zaka saMvatanAM che ema svIkArIe to zaka varSa 46 barobara IsvI 124 Ave. arthAt nahapAnanA sattAkALane IsvInI bIjI sadImAM mUkyo paDa je bAbata TyUbreIlanA mate yogya nathI (ahiDe., pRSTha 30). 29. jo ke A sArvatrika siddhAMta nathI, paNa savizeSa anumita mata che ane ApaNA dezanA saMvatonA itihAsamAM AvAM dRSTAMto ghaNAM hAthavagAM thAya che. dA.ta. guptavaMzano sthApaka zrI gupta hato jyAre saMvatano sthApaka caMdragupta 1lo hato. 30. kyUbreIlanA vicArone pachIthI koI khAsa anumodana prApta thayuM nathI. jo ke te pachI lagabhaga traNa dAyakA bAda rAjabalI pANDeya A matanuM samarthana kare che (juo : ie., 1952, pRSTha 186; inDiyana peliyA~grAphI, 1952, pRSTha 186). 31. A lekha sahu prathama zobhanA gokhalee prasiddha karelo (juo : jarnala oNva enzanTa inDiyana hisTarI, pustaka 2, aMka 1-2, pRSTha 104thI). 32. ei., pustaka 16, pRSTha 23. A cAreya lekha cASTana ane rudradAmAnA saMyukta sattA amala daramyamAnanA hovAnuM spaSTa che, ane varSa 52nA che. 33. vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI, hisTarI eNnDa inskripzansa oNva dha sAtavAhansa enDa dha vesTarna kSetrapsa, muMbaI, 1981, pRSTha 153-56; jaoi., varSa 28, naM. 2, 1978, pRSTha 34thI 37. 34. juo : A graMthamAM prakaraNa 5mAM pazcimI kSatraponI jAti'. 35. juo : A piriziSTamAM pAdanoMdha 7; 2seza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa che jUnAgaDhanA zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa zAtakarNi bhUmikA jUnAgaDhanI bhAgoLe giranAra parvata tarapha javAnA mArganI jamaNe azokanA lekhavALA zailanI pazcima bAju upara kSatrapa zAsaka rudradAmAnuM lakhANa utkIrNa thayeluM che, jemAM teNe dakSiNApathanA svAmI evA zAtakarNine be vakhata harAvyo chatAM najIkanA saMbaMdhane kAraNe choDI mUkyo" evo nirdeza che. dakSiNApathano A zAtakarNi te sAtavAhana vaMzano koI rAjA hovAnuM to spaSTa che. savAla eTalo ja ke zAtakarNi te sAtavAhana vaMzanA zAtakarNi nAma dharAvatA rAjAomAMthI kayo zAtakarNi ?" prastuta zailakhaMDalekha zaka varSa 7ra (IsvI 150)no che ane te cAkhananA pautra rudradAmAno che. tolamApa (Ptolemy) noMdhe che ke puLamAvi nAmano sAtavAhana rAjA cAnano samakAlIna hato. vaLI cAkhana-rudradAmAnA saMyukta nAme AMdhaumAMthI yaSTilekho prApta thayA che. AthI zailalekhomAMno zAtakarNi ane cATanano samakAlIna pulumAvi e baMne eka ja vyakti ke bhinna; tema ja kaherInA eka lekhamAM vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNinI patnI potAne kArdamaka kuLanA mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudra(dAmA)nI putrI tarIke oLakhAve che, to vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi te cASTanano samakAlIna pulumAvi ke zailalekhamAM ullakhita zAtakarNi che ke pachI koI bhinna vyakti che e muddo ahIM tapAsAdhIna jaNAya che. caturAna zAtakarNi ? bhagavAnalAla iMdrajInA mate zailalekhavALo zAtakaNi e yajJazrI zAtakarNi hovo joIe. temanA jaNAvyA mujaba nAnAghATanA lekhavALA vAsiSThIputra caturapana zAtakarNi e sopArAmAMthI upalabdha yajJazrI zAtakarNinA sikkAmAMno caturapana che ke caturapana e yajJazrI zAtakarNinA pitA che. pulumAvi pachI caturapana gAdIe bese che. jo tolamApanA sUcana pramANe pulumAvi cASTanano samakAlIna hoya to yajJazrI zAtakarNi rudradAmAno samakAlIna hovAnuM saMbhave; kema ke jema rudradAmAM cASTanano bIjo vArasadAra che tema yajJazrI zAtakarNi puLamAvino bIjo vArasadAra che. bUhnaranA matAnusAra kAM to caturAna ke kAM to yajJazrI zAtakarNi jUnAgaDha zailalekhamAMno zAtakarNi hoya. teo caturapanane pulumAvino sIdho vArasadAra ke anugAmI gaNatA nathI, paNa ubhayanA zAsana vacce akasena rAjA hovAnuM jaNAve che. caturapana ane puLamAvi baMnene temanA lekhamAM zAtakarNi tarIke oLakhAvyA che ane tethI bUhnara A prakAranuM maMtavya preSita kare che. yajJazrI zAtakarNi ? rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara yajJazrI zAtakaNine girilekhomAMnA zAtakarNi tarIke oLakhAve che; paraMtu teo bhagavAnalAlathI bhinna prakAranuM arthaghaTana sopArAnA sikkA uparanA lakhANane For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa cha 155 abhivyakta karIne caturAnane kaherI lekhamAMnA rudradAmAnA jamAI tarIke oLakhAve che. jamAI tarIke te rudradAmAno khUba ja najIkano saMbaMdhI gaNAya, jayAre tenA pitA yajJazrI rudradAmAnA vevAI tarIke 'dUranA nahIM tevA sagA" gaNAya. ane tethI bhAMDArakaranA mata mujaba yajJazrI zAtakarNi e zailalekhamAM ullikhita zAtakarNi hoI zake. puLamAvi zAtakarNi ? resana kaherI lekhamAMno vAsiSThIputra zrI zAtakarNi e ja paLamAvi rajo che ema darzAvI giranAra zailalekhamAMno zAtakarNi e pulumAvi zAtakarNi hovAno mata abhivyakta kare che. de.rA.bhAMDArakara gautamIputra zAtakarNi ane vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi baMne saharAjayakartAo hatA ema bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che; ane zailalekhamAM ullikhita zAtakarSi e gautamIputra zAtakarNi hovAnuM maMtavya vyakta kare che. vaLI teo vAsiSThI putra zAtakarNine vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi sAthe sarakhAvI tene gautamIputra zAtakarNinA putra tarIke ane rudradAmAnA jamAI tarIke oLakhAve che". uparyukta pAMca abhiprAyo have cakAsIe. bhagavAnalAla, bUhnara ane rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakaranAM sUcanothI phalita thAya che ke jUnAgaDhanA zailalekhamAMno praznArtha zAtakarNi e puLamAvino anugAmI hoI zake, purogAmI nahIM. gautamIputra zAtakarNi ane vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA zilAlekhomAMnAM ullikhita rAjayakAlanAM varSone dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM ubhayano ekaMdara rAjayaamala 48 varSa jeTalo dIrdha gaNAya. Abhilekhika avalokana have nahapAnanA samayanA lekhamAMnuM chelluM jJAta varSa zaka 46 gautamIputra zAtakarNinA rAjayakAlanA varSa 18 barobara gaNAya. evuM jo svIkArIe to kSaharAta vaMzanA aMta pachI paNa ubhayanuM rAjaya trIsa varSa sudhI cAlu raheluM hovuM joIe. cAkhana-rudradAmAnA AMdhaunA yaSTilekhothI to e bAbata spaSTa thAya che ke varSa pa2mAM to kSatraponI sattA kaccha upara hatI tema ja tolamAyanI noMdhathI ujjana emanI rAjadhAnI hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. AthI evuM phalita thAya che ke nahapAnane harAvI gautamIputre kSaharAta kSatraponA je pradeza jItI lIdhA hatA temAMnA uttarI pradeza thoDA vakhatamAM ja tenI pAsethI kArdamaka vaMzanA cAnTana-rudradAmAe pAchA meLavyA hovAnI bAbata dhyAnArha che. nahapAnanA jamAI uSavadAtta, vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi ane rudradAmAnA girilekhamAM ulikhita vistAronA saravALA bAdabAkI karavAthI paNa A bAbata spaSTa thAya che. vaLI kaherI lekhamAMno vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi e vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi hovAno mata ghaNA vidvAnono che; kema ke kArle ane nAsikanA cAra guphAlekho vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA che; to kaherIno lekha, je vAsiSThIputra zAtakarSino che te paNa, teno ja hovAnuM saMbhave che. prastuta avalokanathI sUcita thAya che ke praznArtha zAtakarNi e pulumAvino anugAmI koI paNa saMjogomAM saMbhavI zake nahIM. to pachI zailalekhamAMno zAtakarNi te pulumAvi pote ke eno purogAmI rAjA te anveSaNApekSita che. gautamIputra zAtakarNi hoI zake kaherI lekhamAMno vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi e ja gautamIputra zAtakarNino putra vAsiSThIputra For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 156 puchumAvi che evo repsanano mata svIkArya banato nathI; kema ke rudradAmAe je zAtakarNine be vAra harAvyo te teno dUrano sago na hato. saMbaMdhAvi pUratayA A zabda-samAsa ahIM dhyAnArha che. vAsiSThIputra puchumAvi to rudradAmAnA jamAI tarIke ati najIkano sago gaNAya te ApaNe avalokyuM; jyAre dUranA nahIM evA najIkanA sagA tarIke to jamAInA pitA gautamIputra zAtakarNa gaNAvI zakAya. de.rA.bhAMDArakaranuM sUcana vadhAre svIkArya jaNAya che. paNa te kAje saharAjyAmalanI temanI dalIla zithila bhAse che; kema ke puchumAvi e cASTanano samakAlIna che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke gautamIputra zAtakarNi vidyamAna nathI, ane tethI gAdI upara teno putra puchumAvi che. AthI, spaSTataH anumita thAya che ke mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDhasthita azokazailathI oLakhAtA khaDaka upara utkIrNa lakhANamAM nirdiSTa ane dUranA nahIM evA sagapaNane kAraNe sIdhI laDAImAM be vAra harAvyA chatAM jIvita javA dIdho te zAtakarNi bIjo koI nahIM paNa gautamIputra zAtakarNa arthAt vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi (zAtakarNi)no purogAmI sAtavAhana rAjA hoI zake. pAdanoMdha 1. sAtavAhanonI vaMzAvaLI vAste juo ajaya mitra zAstrIkRta dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, mAM pariziSTa 3, pRSTha 131. ATha zAtakarNa A mujaba che : zAtakarNi, gautamIputra zAtakarNi, vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi, vAsiSThIputra skaMda zAtakarNi, gautamIputra yajJa zAtakarNa, gautamIputra vijaya zAtakarNi, vAsiSThIputra caNDa zAtakarNa ane vAsiSThIputra vijaya zAtakarNi 2. bA~ge., pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 38; ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, pRSTha 73-74. 3. ie., pustaka 12, pRSTha 273; ajayamitra zAstrI, ejana, pRSTha 74. 4. ahiDe., pRSTha 23 ane 27. 5. keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 46. 6. jabaoNbrArA~eso., 1914, pustaka 13, pRSTha 66thI 73. 7. ajayamitra zAstrI emanA chellA graMtha (pAdanoMdha 1 mujaba)mAM spaSTa jaNAve che ke jUnAgaDhanA zailalekhomAM nirdiSTa zAtakarNi te vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi che ane je enI anAmI patnInA kaNDerInA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba te rudra(dAmA)no jamAI hato (pRSTha 74 ane 157). paNa zAstrIno A mata eTalAM mATe svIkArya jaNAto nathI kema ke vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNino rAjyakALa emanA ja jaNAvyA mujaba IsvI 119thI 147no hato (pRSTha 131, vaMzAvaLI). jyAre rudradAmAno giranAra zailalekha zaka varSa 72 eTale ke IsvI 150no che, je samaye vAsiSThIputra zAtakaNi jIvita na hato; balake tenA avasAnane traNa varSa thaI gayAM hatAM. bIjuM, gautamIputra zAtakarNie Azare 24 varSa rAjya karyuM hatuM. enA zilAlekhomAM kyAMya kSaharAta kSatraponA parAjayanI vAta nathI. AthI A ghaTanA te pachI banI hovI joIe. saMbhava che gautamIputra zAtakarNi enA rAjya-amalanAM chellAM varSomAM keTaloka pradeza gumAvI beTho hoya. to tenA mRtyu pachI vAsiSThIputra tenAM parAkramonuM varNana kare kharo ? AthI evuM anumAna thaI zake ke gautamIputre jItelA pradezo enA mRtyu pachI enA vArasadAro enA parAkramonI yazogAthA varNave e asaMbhavita nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa sAta girinagaranA zailalekhonuM sAMskRtika mahattva bhUmikA azokanA dharmalekhonA nAmathI vikhyAta eka ajoDa Abhilekhika jJApaka jUnAgaDhamAM astitva dharAve che. jUnAgaDhanuM pUrvanAma girinagara hatuM. girinagarathI ujjayanta (giranAra) javAnA mArga upara eka mahAkAya zaila dRSTigata thAya che. A zaila(khaDako upara traNa bhinna bhinna rAjavaMzanA traNa rAjAnA samayanA traNa lekha utkIrNa thayelA che. A zailanA pUrvabhAge maurya samrATa azokanA cauda dharmalekho kotarelA che, to pazcima bAjue cAkhanavaMzIya rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno lekha utkIrNa che ane uttara bAju upara gupta rAjavI skaMdaguptano lekha che'. Ama A eka ja zaila upara traNa lekho eka sAthe kotarelA jovA prApta thAya che. girinagarano A abhUtapUrva dastAveja "azokanA zailalekha'thI sukhyAta che kema ke traNeyamAM teno lekha pUrvakAlIna che. Ama, IsvIpUrva trIjI sadIthI IsvIsananI pAMcamI sadI sudhInA ATha saikA jeTalA lAMbA kALanA traNa judA judA tabakkAne lagatI keTalIka aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika paristhitino paricaya A lekhatrayIthI prApta thAya che. prastuta zailakhaMDa asalamAM sudarzana sarovaranI pALe hato, paraMtu varSothI A sarovaranI hastI nathI. atyAre to A zaila vartamAna imAratathI surakSita che. jo ke zelayukta imArata vRkSAdithI saMlagnita hoI sarovara zailakhaMDanI kaI dizAmAM hato te bAbate vibhinna maMtavyo rajU thatAM rahyAM che. sAThanA dAyakAmAM enuM punaH anveSaNa hAtha dharIne DaoN.ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetAe sudarzana sarovaranuM sthAna nizcita karavAno prayatna karyo hato. zailalekhono hetu maurya sAmrAjyanA sthApaka ane ApaNA dezanA aitihAsika yuganA sahu prathama samrATa caMdraguptanA amala daramyAna ApaNA rAjayano (gujarAta prAMtano) sUbo vaizya puSyagupta hato. teNe UrjayantamAMthI vahetI nadIonAM pANIne nAthavA setu bAMdhI surzana sarovaranI racanA karI. te pachI azoka mauryanA zAsanasamaye enA rASTrIya (sUbA) yavanarAja" tuSArke A sarovaramAMthI nahero khodAvI ane enI smRtirUpe azoke A zaila upara cauda dharmalekho kotarAvyA hatA. IsvIsananI bIjI sadImAM pazcimI kSatrapa samrATa rudradAmAnA sattAkALa daramyAna nadIomAM AvelA bhAre pUrane kAraNe sarovaranI pALamAM moTuM gAbaDuM (bhaMgANa) paDyuM tyAre enA amAtya suvizAkha palhave tUTelI sarovaranI pALanuM samArakAma karAvyuM hatuM. AnI mAhitI prastuta zailanI bIjI bAju upara aitihAsika dastAveja rUpe kaMDArAvIne pUrI pADI che. pAMcamI sadImAM gupta nareza skaMdaguptanA samayamAM punazca sarovaranI pALane nukasAna thayuM tyAre enA goptA (sUbA) For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta parNadatte putra cakrapAlitanA sahakArathI enuM samArakAma karAvyuM ane enA samArakarUpe A ja zailanI trIjI bAju upara skaMdaguptanA nAme lekha kotarAvyo hato ane sarovaranI pALe viSNunuM uttuMga maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. Abhilekhika mahattva ApaNA dezanA pUrvakAlIna abhilekhomAM prastuta abhilekhanuM sthAna ananya ane ajoDa che ja, paNa vizvanA pUrvasamayanA abhilekhIya smArakomAMya eno joTo jaDavo muzkela che; kaho ke A zailalekho benamUna che. IrAnanA hakhAmanI vaMzanA samrATa mahAna dArayanA (IsvI pUrva chaThThI sadI) samayanA behistUna parvata upara kaMDArelA lekho enA sAmrAjayamAM pracalita mukhya cAra bhASAmAM utkIrNa che, paraMtu vaNyaviSaya cAreya bhASAmAM eka ja che. jyAre girinagaranA ApaNA zaila upara traNa judA judA rAjavaMzanA traNa bhinna samrATe samakAlIna pravRttionA saMdarbhamAM vibhinna vigato kotarAvI che. traNeya lakhANano saMdarbhahetu eka ja paNa lakhANanI vigato alaga alaga. (A pariziSTamAM have pachI A mAhitI darzAvI che). AthI dArayanA parvatalekho karatAM A girinagaranA zailalekhonuM sthAna advitIya che. dastAvejI mahattva A lekhatrayImAM rudradAmAnA lekhanuM aitihAsika ane dastAvejIya mahattva ananya che. enA lekhanI AThamI ane navamI paMktimAM surzana sarovaranA nirmANa hetuno itihAsa kaMDArAyo che. jo A hakIkato emAM noMdhAI nA hota to asalamAM A sarovara sahu prathama koNe taiyAra karAvyuM ane emAMthI naheronuM sarjana koNe karyuM te bAbata jANI zakAI na hota; kema ke caMdragupta maurye sarovaranuM nirmANa karyuM hovA chatAMya eNe te aMge kyAMya koI mAhitI darzaka lekha kaMDAryo hoya evuM jANamAM nathI. azoke emAMthI prathama vakhata nahero khodAvI ane sarovarataTa upara sthita zailakhaMDa upara lakhANa kotarAvyuM to kharuM paNa emAM sarovara ane nahera vize koI ullekha nathI. emAM to eNe nIti-vacano kotarAvyAM che. AthI, lagabhaga sADA cAra saikA paryata sudhI ajJAta rahelI A be aitihAsika mAhitI-hakIkato mAtra rudradAmAnA lekhamAMthI ja hAthavagI thaI zakI che. maurya sAmrAjayanA samakAlIna ke anukAlIna ke kSatrapakAlIna sAhityamAMya A vigato kyAMya noMdhAI nathI. paraMtu rudradAmAe e hakIkato darzAvIne puravAra karyuM ke daphataravijJAna ke abhilekhavijJAnathI ApaNo deza tyAreya ajANa na hato. AvI koI zAstrIya prathA pUrvakALamAM vidyamAna hatI te rudradAmAnA lekhathI sAbita thAya che. nahIM to sADA cAra saikA pUrvenI ghaTanAo rudradAmAe noMdhI na hota. kauTilyanA 'arthazAstra' nAmanA graMthamAM apannAdhyakSa nAmanA prakaraNamAM A viSayanI sAdhakabAdhaka paNa vaijJAnika carcA karI che. AthI suspaSTa thAya che ke kSatrapakALa pUrvenA lagabhaga cAra zataka pahelAMnA banAvone sparzatI vigatavAra mAhitI noMdhavAnI tyAre ane te pUrve koI cokkasa vyavasthAtaMtra astitva dharAvatuM hatuM e cokkasa. vahIvaTIya mAhitI rudradAmA ane skaMdaguptanA lekhomAMthI vahIvaTane darzAvatI keTalIka sAmagrI prApta thAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa sAta 159 che. caMdragupta, azoka, rudradAmA ane skaMdaguptanA gujarAta prAMtanA sUbAonAM nAma, emanI jAti ane emaNe karelAM kAryanI vigato ApaNe jANI zakyA chIe. mauryakALamAM sUbAo mATe rASTrIya zabda pracalita hato. kSatrapakALamAM amAtya zabda ane guptakAlamAM gotA zabdanuM calaNa hatuM. vaLI A traNeya rAjavaMza daramyAna gujarAtanuM alaga prAMta tarIke viziSTa sthAna hatuM. A aMgenI jANakArI sarovaranuM nirmANakArya, emAMthI saMlagnita thayelI nahero, grIsa ane IrAnanA vahIvaTI anubhavavALA adhikArIonI sUbA tarIke niyukti vagere uparathI hAthavagI thAya che. uparAMta A traNeya sattAkALa daramyAna sAmrAjayane prAMtomAM vibhAjita karavAnI prathAno khyAla Ave che. rudradAmAnA lekhamAMthI to sUbAne vahIvaTamAM madada karanAra tisavava ane "viva prakAranA adhikArIo tahenAtamAM hovAnI jANakArI thAya che. sarovara saMskRti ApaNe ethI jJAta chIe ke vizvasamastanI saMskRtio nadItaTe vikAsa pAmI che. ane ApaNA dezanI saMskRti paNa emAM apavAdarUpa nathI eTale ke ApaNA rASTranI saMskRtinAM prathama pagaraNa sarasvatI-siMdhunA kinAre thayAM hatAM. paraMtu gujarAtamAMthI prApta haDappIya saMskRtinAM mukhya kendronAM purAvastukIya anveSaNonA ahevAlathI puravAra thAya che ke gurjara saMskRtine sarovarataTanI saMskRti tarIke khasUsa oLakhAvI zakAya. girinagaranuM sudarzana sarovara dezanA aitihAsikayuganuM pUrvakAlInatama sarovara hovAnuM kahI zakAya. paraMtu prAgaitihAsika yugamAMya gujarAte be mahAna sarovaranA avazeSo ApaNane saMpaDAvI ApyA che lothala ane dhoLAvIrAnAM utpananakAryae. AthI to vizeSa spaSTa thAya che ke gurjara saMskRti prAraMbhathI sarovarataTanI saMskRti rahI che. Ama, gujarAtanI sarovarIya saMskRtiono prAraMbha dhoLAvIrAnA sarovarathI thayo ane lothalanA sarovare te prathA AgaLa vadhArI ane tatpazcAta surzana sarovaramAM teno abhyadaya thayelo joI zakAya che ane enI parAkASThA sadanA sarovaramAM vartAya che. gujarAtanA itihAsanuM avalokana karatAM spaSTa thAya che ke samaye samaye mAnavakRta sarovaro enI sAkSI pure che11. Ama, dhoLAvIrAnA sarovarathI zarU thayelI A paraMparA sudarzanamAM viksI ane sahastraliMgamAM pUrNatAe pahoMcI ema kahI zakAya. Arthika abhyadaya A zailakhaMDa uparanAM traNeya lakhANa je nimitte kaMDArAyelAM che te Arthika abhyadayanA abhigamane AgavI rIte abhivyakta kare che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke A lekho ApaNA dezanA arthataMtranI keTalIka lAkSaNiktAnI buniyAdane ApaNI pratyakSa kare che. AthI savizeSa mahattvanI bAbata e spaSTa thAya che ke ApaNA dezanA ghaNA vistAromAM khetIno vikAsa varasAda AdhArita nathI eTale ApaNI khetI AkAziyA khetI nathI paNa siMcAI pradhAna khetI che. ane sudarzana sarovaranuM sarjana A ja hetusara thayeluM che e hakIkata che. mAtra sarovaranuM nirmANa karIne rAjayakartAone saMtoSa thayo nathI, paNa temAMthI nahero khodAvI, pUra-prapAtane kAraNe sarovarapALane ane naherone nukasAna thayuM tyAre enuM tvarita samArakAma prajA pAse veTha karAvyA vinA ke vadhu karanI mAgaNI vinA A kArya saMpanna karyuM e emanA prajAkalyANI abhigamanuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ghAtaka che. bIjuM vizeSa mahattvanuM paribaLa e jANavA maLe che ke ApaNA dezanA arthataMtranuM mukhya pIThabaLa khetI che. trIjI mAhitI e prApta thAya che ke khetIno vikAsa ane te vAste jarUrI sagavaDo prasthApI ApavI e rAjyanuM kartavya che. caMdragupta, azoka, rudradAmA ane skaMdagupta rAjA A aMge sabhAna, sakriya ane sahakArI valaNavALA hatA. tethI ja arthataMtrane khetInA vikAsa dvArA majabUta karavA caMdragupta sudarzana sarovara baMdhAyuM, azoke emAMthI nahero taiyAra karAvI, nadIomAM AvelA pUrathI sarovara ane naherone thayelA nukasAnanuM samArakAma rudradAmAe setune traNa gaNo pahoLo banAvyo to skaMdagupta surva banelA sarovarane punaH pUrNa ane zAzvatthAna banAvyuM. dharma saMbaMdhita mAhitI azokanA zailalekhano eka mAtra uddeza sarovaramAMthI siMcAI kAje nahero taiyAra karAvavAno hato, chatAMya enA lakhANamAM e vize kyAMya kazo ullekha nathI. hakIkate, prajAnA naitika jIvanane sudaDha banAvavAno azokano buniyAdI khyAla hato, je bAbate enA cauda dharmalekhothI suspaSTa vartAya che. bauddhadharmane eNe rAjayAzraya Apyo tema ja enA vikAsArthe aneka prayAso karyA chatAMya enAM lakhANamAM kyAMya sIdho nirdeza A aMge nathI. A lekhono mukhya sUra A che : ahiMsA, sarvadharmasamabhAva, dharmadAna ane prANImAtranuM kalyANa. ApaNI saMskArika paraMparAmAM audAryanuM je anusmRta lakSaNa che tenuM hUbahU pratibiMba azokanA lekhomAM dazyamAna thAya che. rudradAmAnA lekhomAM gAyo ane brAhmaNone dAna ApI, dharma ane kIrtinI vRddhi karavAno upadeza Apyo che. AthI samakAlIna lokonI zraddhALutAno ane emanAmAM rahelI pUrtakAryadAnadharmanI dRSTino pAra pamAya che. skaMdaguptanA lekhamAMthI vaiSNava saMpradAyanA tyAre thayelA pracArano khyAla Ave che. ativRSTithI nukasAna pAmelA setune samarAvI girinagaranA adhyakSa cakrapAlike sudarzana sarovaranA kAMThe cakradhara(viSNa)nuM uttuMga maMdira baMdhAveluM. jo ke A maMdira pUrNatayA ke enA avaziSTa bhAgo adyApi hAthavagA thayA nathI. paraMtu guptakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM vaiSNava saMpradAyanuM vizeSa mahattva hovAnuM anumAna avazya thaI zake; nahIM to sarovarataTe vizALakAya viSNu maMdira taiyAra thayuM nA hota. vaLI, dharma eTale pUjApATha, karmakAMDa, upavAsa, arcana-yajJa-dhyAna nahIM paNa dharma eTale prANImAtranI sevA evo pAradarzaka abhigama azokanA lekhothI abhivyakta thAya che. A kAraNe azoka ahiMsAno muddo pracArI prANI hiMsAnI manA pharamAve che. to vAMsovAMsa mAnavo ane prANIo ubhaya mATe te cikitsAlayo sthApe che. Ama, dharmanI atyaMta udAra chatAM sAcI vyAkhyAno bhAva saMprApta thAya che. lipivikAsa A traNeya lekho eka ja lipimAM kotarelA che ane te che brAhmI lipi. A lipi For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa sAta 161 ApaNA dezanI pUrvakAlInatama lipi che ane ApaNA rASTranI vartamAna lipio brAhmI lipimAMthI udbhavI che. azokanA lekhamAMnA akSaromAM sAmAnyataH ADI ane UbhI paNa sIdhI rekhAono upayoga thayo che. akSaronuM kada moTuM ane kyAMya vaLAMka jovA maLato nathI. rudradAmAnA lekhamAM akSaronuM kada thoDuM nAnuM thayuM che ane maroDamAM spaSTa vikAsa dekhAya che. arthAt A akSaro maroDadAra thayA che ane jarUrI vaLAMka badhe ja dekhAya che. eTale ke azokanA samayanI sIdhI rekhAvALA moDamAM vaLAMka jovA maLe che. akSaronAM mAthe biMdu svarUpe zirorekhA baMdhAvA lAgI che. skaMdaguptanA lekhomAMnA akSaronA maroDamAM agAu karatAM vaLAMkanuM pramANa vadhyuM che ane kada vizeSa nAnuM thayuM che. vadhAre vaLAMkane kA2Ne skaMdaguptanA lekhamAMnA akSaro suMdara moDayukta ane manohara jaNAya che. Ama, brAhmI lipinA, lagabhaga ATha zataka daramyAna thayelA kramika vikAsane samajavA mATeno A pUrvakAlInatama ajoDa namUno che. bhASAnI mAhitI azokanA cauda dharmalekho enA sAmrAjyanI pracalita rAjabhASA prAlimAM che ane gadyamAM che. rudradAmAno lekha saMskRta bhASAmAM ane gadyamAM che. zuddha ane ziSTa saMskRta gadya zailIno A uttama ane pUrvakAlIna Abhilekhika purAvo che. jo ke A lekhanA racanAkAranuM nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI. Akhoya lekha gadyamAM hovA chatAMya kAvyapaddhatie lakhAyo che. Ama, A lekha AlaMkArika saMskRta gadyano upalabdha namUnAomAMno eka viziSTa namUno che. A lekhamAM alaMkAranuM bAhulya dhyAnArha che tema ja samAsayukta zabdonuM pramANa savizeSa che.. skaMdaguptano lekha saMskRtamAM ane padyamAM che. Akho lekha cotrIsa zlokanuM suMdara ane bhAvavAhI kAvya che. sAmAnya rIte koI paNa sAhityanI zarUAta enA AraMbhakALe mahadaMze padyamAM thAya che; chatAM azoka ane rudradAmAnA lekho gadyamAM che, jyAre anukAlIna skaMdaguptano lekha padyamAM che e bAbata dhyAnArha che. zikSaNano vikAsa azoka ane skaMdaguptanAM lakhANomAM A bAbate koI nirdeza nathI. rudradAmAnA lekhamAM eno rAjakavi rudradAmAnuM caritra nirUpatAM eNe prApta karelI vidyAono ullekha kare che je uparathI tatkAlIna gujarAtanA zikSaNamAM vidyamAna keTalIka vidyAono ane zikSaNapaddhatino khyAla maLI rahe che. A lekhamAM zabdavidyA, arthavidyA, gAMdharvavidyA, nyAyavidyA jevI mahAvidyAono ullekha che. uparAMta yuddhavidyAno nirdeza che. vaLI zikSaNanI paddhatinA cAra tabakkAo- pAraNa, ghAraNa, vijJAna ane prayoga vizenI mAhitI hAthavagI thAya ja che17. lokakalyANano Adarza A traNeya lekha A traNeya rAjAnA prajAkalyANa paratvenA AdezanI vigato upalabdha karI For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta Ape che. azokanA hRdayanuM, kaliMganA raktapAta ane mAnavatAnI pachI, samULuM parivartana thayuM ane pariNAme yuddhavijayane sthAne dharmavijaya tema ja vihArayAtrAne sthAne dharmayAtrAno amala teNe karyo jemAM enA kalyANaparasta rAjyavahIvaTano paricaya thAya che. "sarva samaye sarvatra huM prajAnuM kAma karuM chuM. kAmano nikAla karatAM huM kadI dharAto nathI. sarva lokonA hita karatAM koI moTuM kAma nathI". chaThThA dharmalekhamAMnA enA A vicAro-vacano enA prajAkalyANI abhigamanI surekha ane pAradarzaka rajUAta kare che. enA bIjA dharmalekhomAMthI mAnavacikitsA ane pazucikitsAnI vyavasthA tema ja mArgomAM kUvAnirmANanI pravRtti, vRkSAropaNanI prakriyA jevI mAhitI azokanA udAra vyaktitvane ujAgara kare che. rudradAmAnA lekhamAMthI paNa rAjAnAM kalyANI kAryonI mAhitI maLe che. ativRSTine kAraNe jayAre jaLAzayano setu tUTI gayo ane jaLAzaya khAlI thaI gayuM tyAre rudradAmAnA amAtya suvizAkhanA AgrahathI mahAkSatrape prajA pAsethI koI paNa prakAranA karaverA lIdhA vinA ane prajA pAse veTha karAvyA vinA rAjakoSamAMthI puSkaLa dhana vAparIne alpa samayamAM setune sudaDha karAvI sarovarane agAu karatAMya vadhAre sudrana banAvyuM. samrATa ane enA amAtyanA A kartavyamAM prajA pratyenA premanA pratyayI darzana thayA vinA rahetAM nathI. natimatAjona zabdothI "lokakAryamAM vilaMba nA hoya tevI takedArI ke satarkatAno bhAva daSTigocara thAya che. skaMdaguptanA samayamAM paNa ativRSTithI setune nukasAna thayuM. prajAmAM bhAre hAhAkAra vyApI gayo. tyAre nagarAdhyakSa cakrapAlite prajAnA hitArthe pUSkaLa dhana kharcIne be mAsamAM ja setunuM samArakAma saMpanna karI dIdhuM. ane sarovarane zAzvatani Take tevuM majabUta banAvyuM. A lekhanuM nAma surzana to saMskAra graMtha nA ja rAjAnA prajA pratinA premavizaSano paDagho pADI jAya che, je rAjyanAM lokakalyANanAM kAryonI mAhitI ApaNane pUrI pADe che. prApta thatI anya mAhitI | gujarAtanI tatkAlIna paryAvaraNIya paristhiti kevI hatI teno thoDAka khyAla A lekhothI Ave che. caMdragupta jaLAzayanuM nirmANa karyuM ane azoke naheronI racanA karI A be bAbato uparathI A vistAramAM varasAdanI alpatA ane aniyamitatAno khyAla AvI zake che. rudradAmAnA samayamAM mAgazara mahinAmAM ativRSTi thaI e apavAdarUpa ghaTanA paNa varasAdanI aniyamitatAnuM dyotaka lakSaNa che. rudradAmAno lekha enuM potAnuM tema ja enA amAtya suvizAkhanuM caritracitraNa kare che, to skaMdaguptano lekha parNadatta ane enA putra cakrapAlitanA jIvanathI ApaNane ujAgara kare che. Ama A lekho jIvanacaritramAM Alekhana vAste dizAsUcaka mArgadarzana Ape che. rudradAmAnA lekhamAM paura (zaherI) ane jAnapada(gAmaDuM)nA ullekhathI tyAre gujarAtamAM zaherIjIvana ane grAmajIvana vidyamAna hovAnI pratIti thAya che. Ama, A eka ja zaila uparanA lekhothI gujarAtanA ane te miSe rASTranAM tatkAlIna itihAsa ane saMskRtinAM Alekhana karavA kAje ThIkaThIka sAmagrI saMprApta thAya che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke itihAsa ane saMskRtinAM nirUpaNamAM abhilekhonA abhyAsanuM mahattva spaSTa thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa sAta pAdanoMdha 1. A traNeya lekhanA saMpUrNa pATha mATe mATe juo : girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcAryakRta guaile., bhAga 1, naMbara 1, 6 ane 15; dinezacaMdra sarakAra, sIi., 2. bhagavAnalAla ane byUrlara, ie., pustaka 7, pRSTha 257; jamasedajI aradesara, jabaoNbrArA~eso., pustaka 8, pRSTha 47thI; 2.nA.mahetA ane priyabALA zAha, vAk (sauraSTra yunivarsiTInuM mukhapatra) pustaka 1, pRSTha 53-55; 2.nA.mahetA, oi., pustaka 18, pRSTha 20thI; ke.kA.zAstrI, svAdhyAya, pustaka 7, aMka 1, pRSTha 12. vizeSa carcA vAste juo : gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 337 uparanI pAdanoMdha 3. 3. juo svAdhyAya, pustaka 7, aMka 1, pRSTha 49thI 56. 4. Ama to A setu zodhavAnA prayAso 1878thI AraMbhAyA che. chelle 1967-68mAM 2.nA.mahetAe A prazna paratve navesarathI zodha AraMbhI. tadanusAra uparakoTa pAse A setu zarU thato ane dhArAgaDha daravAjAnI aMdara thaI khAparA-koDiyAnI guphAo pAse thaI jogaNiyA DuMgara tarapha jato hato ane DuMgaranA bhAgarUpe te setune joDI devAyo hato. DaoN. mahetAnI purAvastukIya tapAsane kAraNe rudradAmAnA lekhamAM nirdiSTa parvatapAvapratispardhI setu zodhI kADhavAmAM Avyo hato. lekhamAM darzAvyA mujaba A setu vRttiopaNamaya eTale mATI ane paththarathI nirmANa pAmyo hato. (juo : gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 316-317). 5. A zabda sAmAsika che jenA be artha thAya : yavana jAtino rAjA ane yavana pradeza upara rAjya karato rAjA. 6. parNadatta gujarAta prAMtano sUbo hato ane eno putra cakrapAlita girinagarano adhyakSa (meyara samakakSa) hato. AthI tyAre girinagaranuM mahattva gupta samrATo kAje keTaluM badhuM hatuM enI pratIti thAya che. 7. juo : raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa : saMkalpanA ane saMzodhano, 1989, prakaraNa 14 pRSTha 94thI. (daphatara vize kauTalyanAM maMtavyo). 163 8. rudradAmA Ama to te vakhatanA gujarAta rAjyano adhipati hato eTale eNe to sudarzana sarovara saMbaMdhita kArya jAte ja karyuM hoya. paNa enA vizALa rAjyanA sucAru saMcAlana sAru vahIvaTI karmacArIo madadakartA hatA. (juo : A graMthamAM prakaraNa agiyAra ). 9. juo : raseza jamInadAra, sarovarataranI gurjara saMskRti', gujarAta dIpotsavI, saMvata 2054, pRSTha 45thI 47. 10. juo : rasikalAla parIkha, gujarAtanI rAjadhAnIo, 1955, pRSTha 70. 11. dA.ta. dhoLakAnuM mInala taLAva, amadAvAdanAM caMDoLA ane kAMkariyA taLAva, vIramagAmanuM munasara taLAva, vaDodarAnuM surasAgara taLavA vagere. 12. jo ke have to ema kahI zakAya ke te prakriyA 'zyAmasuMdara' sarovaramAM pUrNatAe pahoMcI. arvAcIna evuM mAnavakRta A sarovara vIsamI sadInA chellA caraNamAM baMdhAyuM che. zAmaLAjI najIka mezvo nadInA kAMThe devanI morI sthaLethI bauddha mahAstUpa ane mahAvihAranA avazeSo maLyA hatA tyAM ja anukALamAM A sarova2 siMcAInA pariprekSyamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 13. apIyit.......A raviSTiprAyayiAmi: pauraJAnaparaMnAM....... 14. ..trizuLadraDhattaravistArAyAmaM setu........ 15. suvarNanatAM Rritami........ 16. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdara. 17. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa soLa. 18. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo prakaraNa sAtamAM 'rudradAmAnuM udAracarita'. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa ATha AbhIra Izvaradattano samayanirNaya gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, mahArASTra ane AMdhramAMthI, alabata alpa saMkhyAmAM, rAjA mahAkSatrapa IzvaradattanA cAMdInA sikkA upalabdha thayA che. enA sikkAnA agrabhAge (obverse) rAjAnI mukhAkRti che ane mastakanA pAchaLanA bhAge brAhmI AMkaDAmAM varSasUcaka saMkhyA che. enA sikkAnA pRSThabhAge (reverse) madhyamAM trikUTa parvata ityAdi cihno upasAvelAM che ane sikkAnI kinArane samAMtara goLAkAre brAhmI lipimAM rAjAnAM nAma, biruda ane varSa nirdezaka lakhANa saMskRtamAM che. Ama, IzvaradattanA sikkA prakAra, paddhati, prApti pradezo, dhAtu, birUda, pratIko ema badhI ja dRSTie pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. AthI pazcimI kSatraponA pradezo uparanA enA sattA-adhikAranuM anumAna abhivyakta thayuM che. alabatta, eno amala khUba ja TUMkA samayano hato; kema ke tenA prApya sikkA uparanI nirdezaka miti enA be ja varSanA zAsananuM sUcana kare che. kSatrapa sikkAthI thoDuMka bhinnatva IzvaradattanA sikkA kSatrapa sikkA karatAM kevaLa be bAbate bhinnatva darzAve che : (1) Izvaradatta kevaLa potAnuM ja nAma Ape che, pitAnuM nAma Apato nathI. (2) zaka saMvatamAM varSa nirdeza karavAne badale sAlano ullekha zabdamAM ane AMkaDAmAM karyo che ane ubhayano ullekha rAjakAlanAM varSamAM che. A be apavAda sivAya zeSa lakSaNomAM enA sikkA pazcimI kSatraponA sikkA sAthe ghaNuM sAmyatva darzAve che. AthI Izvaradattane kSatrapavaMzano hovAnuM maMtavya vyakta thayuM che; to paNa pazcimI kSatrapa kuLomAMthI koInI sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha hoya evuM prasthApita thaI zatuM nathI. IzvaradattanA sikkA upara mitinirdezanI nirALI paddhati paNa ene pazcimI kSatrapothI bhinna vaMzano hovAnuM sUcave che; kAraNa ke kSatrapa zAsakonA sikkA uparanI miti zaka saMvatanAM varSomAM ApelI che. jayAre IzvaradattanA sikkAo uparanI miti rAjakAlanA pahelA ane bIjA varSanI che. paMDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI A rAjAnA nAmasAmya uparathI tene AbhIra vaMzano hovAno abhiprAya darzAve che. eno sattAkALa kayAre ? - IzvaradattanA sikkA uparanI miti zaka saMvatanI na hovAthI kSatraponI saLaMga sAlavArImAM enA rAjyomalane goThavavA vize adhyetAomAM aneka tarka-virtako uddabhavyA che. chatAMya saMtoSakAraka ukela prasthApita thayo nathI. sAmAnyataH kSatraponA kAlAnukramamAM jyAM be ke vadhAre varSano khAlI gALo maLe che arthAt be ke vadhAre varSanA mahAkSatrapanA sikkA je samaya daramyAnanA maLatA nathI tyAM tyAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa IzvaradattanA sattAkALane goThavavAnA prayAsa thayA che. paMDita bhagavAnalAlano mata IzvaradattanA sattAkALa vize sau prathama nirdeza karyo bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe. temanA mate For Personal & Private Use Only

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165 pariziSTa ATha Izvaradatta IsvI 249mAM (eTale zaka varSa 170-71mAM) gAdIe beTho hato ane eNe saikUTakakalacuri-cedi saMvata zarU karyo. repsananuM maMtavya te pachI upalabdha thayelA sikkAonA anusaMdhAne repsane sUcavyuM ke zaka varSa 171thI 76 sudhInA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAnA kAlAnukramamAM koI khAlI gALo nathI. AthI anumAnI zakAya ke IsvI 249mAM IzvaradattanA rAjyAraMbhanuM bhagavAnalAla nirdiSTa maMtavya svIkArya banatuM nathI. IzvaradattanA sikkAo uparanI mukhAkRtimAMnAM AMkhanAM nirUpaNanI DhabathI tenA rAjaya amalane repsana zaka varSa 127 (IsvI 205) ane 170(IsvI 248)nI vaccenA samayagALAmAM goThave che. uparAMta temaNe keTalAka anya muddAo paNa A bAbate rajU karyA che; je IzvaradattanA rAjyomalane vadhu maryAdita banAve che : (1) IzvaradattanI mukhAkRti vIradAmA, yazodAmAM 1lo ane vijayasenanI mukhAkRtio sAthe vadhAre sAmya dharAve che. A traNa kSatrapI rAjAo varSa 156 ane 172 (IsvI 234 ane 250) vacce sattAdhIza hatA. (2) IzvaradattanA sikkAo paranAM lakhANamAMnA kSa akSarano maroDa zaka varSa 160 (IsvI 238) pachIno hovAnuM jaNAya che. A be muddAo najara sAme rAkhI repsana IzvaradattanA sattAkALane zaka varSa 158 (IsvI 236) ane 161 (IsvI 239)nI vacce mUkvA prayatna kare che. eTale ke IsvI 249mAM saikUTaka saMvatanA thayelA AraMbhanA daza varSa pahelAM mUkI zakAya. paraMtu dAmasenano mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno varSa 150no sikko maLI AvatAM repsana potAnA agAunA maMtavyane vadhu maryAdita ane nizcita karI Izvaradattane zaka varSa 159-60 (IsvI 237-38)mAM sattAdhIza darzAve che, jyAre kSatrapa tarIke vIradAmA rAjaya karato hato. de.rA.bhAMDArakara zuM kahe che ? resananA samayamAM varSa 159 ane 160nA sikkAo prApta thayA na hatA. paraMtu rAjasthAnamAM AvelA sarvANiyAmAMthI upalabdha kSatrapa sikkAonA nidhimAM yazodAmAM 1lAno mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno sikko varSa 160no hato. A sikkAnidhinI carcA karatAM de.rA.bhAMDArakara repsananI dalIlonI sAdhakabAdhaka carcA karI Izvaradatta zaka varSa 110 (IsvI 188) ane 113(IsvI 191)nI vacce sattAdhIza hovAnuM maMtavya abhivyakta kare che; kAraNa ke mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 1lAnA varSa 110 ane 112nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLyA che. eTale A samayagALA daramyAna AbhIra Izvaradatte kSatrapa pradezo jItI laI sattA prApta karI hoya ane tenA madadanIza tarIke rudrasiMha 1lo rAjya karato hoya. paraMtu paramezvarIlAla gupta gvAliyara saMgrahAlayamAMnA rudrasiMha 1lAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA eka sikkA upara varSa 112nuM vAMcana karyuM che. tethI te ja varSanA sikkA uparanA repsananA kSatrapa pATha vize gupta zaMkA darzAvI che. paraMtu varSa 111no kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno rudrasiMhano sikko temanI jANamAM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. AthI mAtra varSa 110nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo tenI mukhya sattAnI paDatInuM sUcana karatA nathI ema darzAvI gupta evo abhiprAya abhivyakta kare che ke sikkAo pADanAranI bhUlanuM A pariNAma che, eTale saMbhava For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta che ke pRSThabhAganI chApa kSatrapa tarIkenI DAIthI paDelI hoya. A prakAranI bhUlo temanA mate bhAratIya sikkAomAM sAmAnyapaNe jovA maLe che. eTale atyAra sudhInAM A badhAM maMtavyono asvIkAra karI gupta Izvaradattane eka sadI jeTalo pAchaLa mUke che arthAt zaka varSa ra74 ane 283 (IsvI 352 ane 361)nI samayAvadhimAM sattAdhIza hovAnuM sUcave che15.. dinezacaMdra sarakArano abhiprAya IzvaradattanI enA sikkA uparanI mukhAkRti ane akSaranA maroDa paratvenI resananI dalIlonA AdhAre dinezacaMdra sarakAra, paramezvarIlAla guptanA nirdiSTa matano asvIkAra kare che; kema ke gupta Izvaradattane svAmI mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 3jAnA amala daramyAnanA khAlI gALAmAM goThave che je bAbata ApaNe hamaNAM avalokI. dinezacaMdra sarakAranA abhiprAya mujaba IzvaradattanA sikkAomAMnA lakhANanA akSaronA maroDa svAmI rudrasena 3jAnA sikkAo uparanA lakhANanA maroDa karatAM ghaNA vahelI mUkI zakAya. teo paramezvarIlAlanA hakIkatadoSano ullekha karI kahe che ke IzvaradattanA be varSanA amalane zaka varSa ra73thI 284nI vaccenA lAMbA gALAmAM kevI rIte mUkI zakAya. vaLI dinezacaMdra ziravAlamAMthI19 ane peTaluripalemamAMthI prApta thayelA IzvaradattanA sikkAo sAthe svAmI mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 3jAnA (IsvI 348thI 380) sikkA maLyA nathI, e tarapha guptanuM dhyAna dorIne IzvaradattanA amalane rudrasena 3jAnA sattAkALa daramyAna na mUkI zakAya ema sUcave che ane tethI sarakAra agAu je de.rA.bhAMDArakaranA2 matane anusaratA hatA te have pote abhiprAya badalIne repsananA matane anusare che arthAt Izvaradattane varSa 159(IsvI 237)nI AsapAsa goThave che. paraMtu sonepuranidhimAMthI24 varSa 159no mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno sikko maLyo che, jethI dinezacaMdra sarakArano mata svIkArI zakAya nahIM. paramezvaralAla guptanI punarvicAraNA A pachIthI guptae kSatrapa sikkAnA nidhiomAMthI prApta IzvaradattanA sikkAnA sthAna saMdarbhe vadhu coksAI karI potAnA agAunAM maMtavyamAM 25 keTalAka pheraphAra karyA ane have dinezacaMdra sarakAre jaNAvelA be nidhi uparathI Izvaradatta svAmI mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 3jAnI pahelAM thayo hovAnI bAbata paramezvarIlAla svIkAre che. jUnAgaDhamAMthI maLelA pa20 sikkAnA nidhimAM rudrasena 1lAthI bhartudAmA sudhInA kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA maLyA che, paNa Izvaradattano ekeya sikkA emAM nathI. AthI evuM anumAna kare che ke Izvaradatta bhartudAmAnA sattAkALa pUrve sattAdhIza hoya e saMbhave nahIM27. IzvaradattanA rAjyanI A pUrvamaryAdA ane uttaramaryAdA uparathI emanA amalano samaya Ama bhartudAmA ane rudrasena 3jAnA rAjaya-amalanI vacce hovo joIe. upasaMhAra pazcimI kSatrapa zAsakomAMnA mahAkSatraponA jJAta sikkAomAM bhartudAmAnA zaka varSa 221 (IsvI 299)nA sikkA pachI cheka zaka varSa 269(IsvI 347) sudhInA sikkA maLatA nathI. paraMtu A gALA daramyAna kSatrapa tarIkenA A zAsakonA sikkA zaka varSa 222thI 254 sudhInA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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167 pariziSTa ATha A samayAvadhi daramyAna koI purogAmI ke/ane anugAmI vacce tema ja koI kSatrapanA rAjakALa daramiyAna paNa eTalo gALo jovA maLato nathI, jemAM IzvaradattanA sattAkALane goThavI zakAya. AthI zaka varSa 255thI 269 (IsvI 333thI 347) sudhInA gALAne ja lakSyamAM levo rahyo. A gALA pachI jenA sikkA maLe che te rudrasena 3jAnA sikkAo u52thI sUcita thAya che ke enI pahelAM enA pitA rudradAmA 2jo mahAkSatrapa pade hato. AthI uparyukta gALAmAM pachInAM keTalAMka varSa rudradAmA 2jAnA sattAkAlanAM gaNAya. A uparathI paramezvarIlAla evI aTakaLa kare che ke IzvaradattanuM rAjya e gALAnA zarUAtanAM varSomAM goThavI zakAya. tadanusAra Izvaradatte yazodAmA 2jAnuM rAjya paDAvI lIdhuM haze ane Izvaradatta pAsethI kSatraponI sattA rudradAmA rajAe pAchI meLavI lIdhI haze. hAlanI upalabdha mAhitI mujaba A mata ghaNo saMbhavita jaNAya che. e anusAra IzvaradattanA sattAkAlane zaka varSa 255thI 269nA gALAnAM zarUAtanA lagabhaga pAMca varSa arthAt zaka varSa 255thI 259 (IsvI 333thI 337) daramyAna goThavI zakAya1. pAdanoMdha 1. AnA samarthanamAM AbhIra rAjA IzvarasenanA nAsikanA zilAlekhano nirdeza thaI zake. teno A zilAlekha enA rAjakAlanA navamA varSano che. vaLI, ubhayanA nAmanAM pUrvapadamAM zrvara che. 2. prasIDiMgsa oNva viyenA oNrienTala kaoNMgresa, 1882, pRSTha 221-22. have to lagabhaga badhA itihAsakAro paMDitajIno abhiprAya svIkAre che (juo : vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI, kaoNii., pustaka 4, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pRSTha 33). 3. juo : jarA~eso., 1890, pRSTha 657. paMDita bhagavAnalAle jyAre A mata vyakta karyo tyAre kSatrapa rAjAonA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA zaka varSa 171thI 76 (IsvI 249thI 254) sudhInA sikkAo upalabdha thayA na hatA. paNa te pachI A varSonA sikkA maLyA che (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa be ane traNa). 4. keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 110, 5. je mahAkSatrapa dAmasenanI chellI jJAta miti che. (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa be ane prakaraNa sAtamAM rAmasena vizenuM varNana). 6. mahAkSatrapa yazodAmA 1lAnI vahelI jJAta miti che (juo ejana). 7. keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 110. 8. jabaoNbrArA~eso., pustaka 20, 1899, pRSTha 204 ane keTalaoNga., phakaro 111. 9. jaraoNeso., 1899, pRSTha 387. 10. Asairi., 1913-14, pRSTha 229. 11. repsana, keTalaoNga., pRSTha 90. 12. 1913-14, pRSTha 230. jyAre repsana rudrasiMhanA A be sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM ema sUcave che ke tenI sattA tenA bhatrIjA jIvadAmAe paDAvI lIdhI hatI. ane tethI rudrasiMhanA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo jovA maLe che (keTalaoNga., prastAvanA phakaro 99). to pachI prazna e thAya che ke A ja varSonA (eTale 110 ane 112) jIvadAmAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLavA joIe, je hajI sudhI maLyA nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vaLI rudrasiMhanA A ja be varSanA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA upalabdha che tenuM zuM ? (juo aLatekara, vAgue. pRSTha 47-49; A graMthamAM pariziSTa be, kramAMka 10thI 14 ane nIlakaMTha zAstrI, kA~hiI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 286-87, pRSTha 292 tema ja bI.ena. mukharajI, avara heriTeja, pRSTha 149). A traNeya vidvAno bhAMDArakaranA matanuM samarthana kare che. 13. janyusoi., pustaka 17, pRSTha 94. paraMtu A graMthanA lekhake jyAre 1964nA me mahinAmAM gvAliyara saMgrahAlayanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre A sikkoM tyAM astitvamAM na hato. 14. jabaoNbrArAeso., pustaka 30, 1955, pRSTha 13. 15. ejana, pRSTha 53thI 55. A khAlI gALo svAmI mahAkSatrapa rudrasena 3jAnA rAjya amala daramyAnano che, je samayagALAnA tenA sikkA agAu maLyA na hatA. paraMtu te pachI tenA varSa 274, 280, 281, 282 ane 283nA sikkAo maLyA che (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa be, kramAMka 182thI 187), je paramezvarIlAla guptanI jANamAM nA hovA saMbhave. Ama, have Izvaradattane zaka vara 275 ane 279 (baMne varSa gaNatarImAM letAM)nI vacce mUkI zakAya. 16. ihikavA~., pustaka 33, pRSTha 271thI. 17. have A gALo eTalo lAMbo nathI. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha 15. 18. ihikavaoN., uparyukta. teo noMdhe che ke A gALAnA rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA maLyA nathI tenuM kAraNa gupta rAjavI samudragupte teno harAvelo te che (ejana, pRSTha 273). paraMtu sarakAranI A dalIla tarkazuddha nathI. IzvaradattanA be varSanA rAjya-amalane lAMbA gALAmAM goThavavAnI kaI muzkelI che te sUcavyuM ja nathI. pAdanoMdha 15mAM jaNAvyA mujaba have A gALo pAMca varSano rahe che ane tethI koI muzkelI rahetI nathI. 19. ziravAlamAMthI prApta IzvaradattanA sikkAno ullekha jaoNna sTIvanasane 1844-47mAM karyo hato. (jabaoNbrArAeso., purANI zreNI, pustaka 2, pRSTha 377-80). ziravAlanA nidhi vize juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa. 20. peTaluripalemanA nidhinI mAhitI vize juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa. A nidhi 1956mAM prakAzamAM Avyo hato. 21. A mAhitI mATe juo pariziSTa traNamAM A be nidhi vizenI vigato. 22. A be nidhi saMprApta thayA hatA tyAM sudhI teo de.rA.bhAMDArakaranA mata sAthe vadhAre sahamata thayA hatA (eiyu, pRSTha 182, 206, 221-22). 23. ihikA~., pRSTha 272-273. 24. ejana, pustaka 34, pRSTha 253-54; sonepuranidhinI mAhitI mATe juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa. 25. jabaoNbrArAeso., pustaka 30, pRSTha 55. 26. ejana, pRSTha 54. jUnAgaDhanidhi mATe juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa. 27. ihikA~., pustaka 34, pRSTha 254. 28. vizvasena, rudrasiMha 2jA ane yazodAmA 2jAnA sikkA A samayAvadhinA che. 29. A rAjAnA sikkA Aja dina sudhI hAthavagA thayA nathI. 30. ikivaoN., pustaka 34, 1958, pRSTha 255. 31. A pariziSTamAM je je rAjAonA ullekha thayA che te badhAnA sattAkALa vizenI mAhitI mATe A graMthamAM prakaraNa sAtamAM ane AThamAM saMdarbhita avalokana karavAthI maLI raheze. For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhAga traNa kSatrapa rAjya : saMbaMdha, vistAra ane vahIvaTa prakaraNa nava : kaNiSkano samayanirNaya prakaraNa daza : pazcima bhAratanA be pramukha rAjavaMza : keTalAka yakSaprazna prakaraNa agiyAra : vistAra ane vahIvaTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa nava kaNiSkano samayanirNaya bhUmikA ApaNA dezanAM saMskRti ane itihAsa bhAtIgaLa che. eka tarapha enuM prastuta bhAtIgaLapaNuM abhyAsIo vAste AkarSaNa ubhAve che, to anyathA emAMthI udbhUta prazno mUMjhavaNa pravartAve che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke ApaNAM saMskRti ane itihAsanA prazno) bhAtIgaLa che. AvA praznomAMthI keTalAka ukelAyA che, to keTalAka ukelAvAnI dizAmAM che; jyAre keTalAka sadAya visaMvAdI rIte carcaya rahyA che. AvA carcaya rahelA praznomAM eka che kuSANavaMza vizeno. kuSANavaMzanA prazno paNa bhAtIgaLa che. AmAM eka prazna che kuSANavaMzanA samayanirNayano ane emAMya vizeSa visaMvAdI prazna che kaNiSkanA samayanirNayano. A prazna bIjAMkura nyAya jevo che. kaNiSkane kendramAM rAkhIne uttara ane pazcima bhAratanA ghaNA rAjakIya prazno ukelavAnA prayAso thatA rahyA che. kaNiSka ja zaka saMvatano (IsvI 78) pravartaka che evI prasthApita paraMparAne dhruvakendra gaNIne anya samakAlIna rAjakIya praznonA ukela zodhavAnA prayAso hAtha dharAtA rahyA che. AthI, ramezacaMdra majumadAra noMdhe che tema Established traditions, though originally based on insufficient evidence, die hard and are the greatest obstacles to the establishment of truth1. kaNiSka ane zaka saMvatanA praznane prastuta nirIkSaNa sarvathA baMdha bese che. ApaNe ahIM A bAbatanuM vizleSaNa karIzuM. kuSANavaMzano samaya kaNiSkanA samaya bAbate chellI eka sadIthI carcA-vimarza thatAM rahyAM che, ane hajI te carcaya che; jayAM sudhI sApekSa vizeSa purAvA ane sAdhano prApta thAya nahIM tyAM sudhI. atyAre to je koI sAdhano hAthavagAM che tenuM punarIkSaNa ane punarmulyAMkana ja thAya che ane thatAM raheze. kaNiSkano sattAkALa ke samayanirNaya nizcita karavA kAje eka adhivezananuM Ayojana thayuM hatuM; jemAM eka muddA paratve sahamati rahI hatI ke atyAre prApta sAmagrIne AdhAre kaNikkano samaya nirNita karI ekamatI sAdhavI e muzkela kArya che. arthAt sahu matabheda che e bAbate sahamata che. kuSANonA samayanAM sAhityika ane purAvazaSIya sAdhano paNa praznanA ukelamAM sahAyabhUta thatAM nathI; kAraNa ke (1) kuSANa samayanA abhilekho koI anirNita saMvatanAM varSomAM utkIrNa thayelA che. (2) kuSANavaMzI rAjAonA sikkA milinirdeza vinAnA che. (3) cInI dhArmika graMtho, je mukhyatve to ApaNA bauddhagraMthonA anuvAda che, AkhyAyikAo ane kalpita kathAothI sabhara che ane tethI temAMthI aitihAsika nirUpaNa vAstenI sAmagrI tAravavI muzkela For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta che. (4) cInI tavArIkhakAro, je kuSANa rAjAo vize lakhe che, temanAM nAma bhAgye ja Ape che. (5) rAkhataraziLImAMnI kuSANonA kAlakrama aMgenI vigato vizeSa zraddheya nathI. (6) grIka sAdhano kuSANo kAje mauna che. (7) cInI bauddha sAhitya kaNiSkanA rAjyArohaNa vize virodhAbhAsI vigato darzAve che. (8) bhAratIya ane tibattI sAhitya A bAbate kazI zraddheya ane upayogI sAmagrI ApatAM nathI. AthI, kaNiSkanA samayane nizcita karavAno prazna carcAspada rahyo che. chatAM keTalAMka viziSTa arthaghaTananA saMdarbhamAM ahIM prastuta muddAo vize carcA karavAno eka vadhu prayAsa hAtha dharyo che. 172 samayananirNayanA prayAsa kuSANonA zAsana-amalane nizcita karavAnI be paddhati amalI banAvAI che H eka prayatna bRhad abhigamano che, je anusAra maurya-zuMga sAmrAjyanA aMta (Azare Izu pUrve 150) ane gupta sAmrAjyanA AraMbha (IsvI 320)nI vacce kuSANonA rAjyane goThavavAno prayAsa thayo che. bIjo prayatna zaka saMvatanA saMdarbhamAM che, je mujaba kaNiSkane IsvIsana 78thI AraMbhAtA zaka saMvatano pravartaka mAnI kuSANone IzunI prathama ane dvitIya sadImAM mUkyA che. tevI ja rIte kaNiSkanA zAsana-amalane vAsteya be pravAho pracalita che : eka, pazcimanA vidvAno kaNiSkane IzunI bIjI sadImAM mUke che. be, bhAratIya vidvAno kaNiSkane zaka saMvatano prAraMbhaka gaNe che. jo ke baMne pravAhomAM apavAda jarUra che. kaNiddhanA abhilekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa A kuSANa samrATanA varSa 9nA lekhamAM AraMbhanI paMkti A mujaba che : siddha mahArAnasya sthi rAkhyasaMvatsare. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke kaNiSkanA samayanA abhilekhomAM nirdiSTa varSa rAjyakAlanAM na hatAM paNa nizcitapaNe koI saMvatanA saMdarbhamAM hatAM. jo ke vasiSThanA varSa 24nA, haviSkanA varSa 50nA ane vAsudevanA varSa 84nA lekhomAM paNa rAkhyasaMvatsarano prayoga che. paraMtu, tethI A traNeya rAjavIe judo judo saMvata pravartAvyo hoya evuM anumAnI zakAya nahIM. saMbhava che ke traNeye prastuta zabdakhaMDa bhinna bhAvathI upayogyo hoya. kaNiSkanA ke enA anugAmIonA lekhomAM kyAMya saMvatanuM nAma prayojAyeluM jovuM prApta thatuM nathI. paraMtu A zabdakhaMDane AdhAre kaNike koI saMvata calAvyo hato ema svIkArI laI vidvAnoe e saMvatanA nAmAbhidhAna paratve vibhinna mato darzAvyA che. A mato eTalA bhinna svarUpanA che ke pariNAme kaNiSkanA zAsanano samaya nizcita karavA miSe laukika saMvatathI kalcaricedi saMvata sudhInA saMvatono sahAro levAyo che. A badhA matonI vigate carcA aneka vidvAnoe karI che. tethI, ahIM to mAtra temAMthI jarUrI keTalAkano nirdeza karyo che. vividha saMvata laukika saMvatanI rajUAta grovarse. ane smithe karelI, jo ke smithe pachIthI A mata choDI dIdhelo. emanI gaNatarI mujaba kaNiSka IsvI 130mAM sattAdhIza hato. kaniMgahama selyusIDa saMvatano prayoga kare che. A saMvatano AraMbha IsvI pUrva 312mAM thayo hato. A For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa nava saMvatamAM 400nI saMkhyA adhyAhata rahetI hoI kaNiSkanA amalanuM pAMcamuM varSa IsvI 93 barobara Ave. tethI, kaniMgahama Izu pachI 89mAM kaNiSkano rAjyArohaNa darzAve che. thomasa paNa rajUAta to selyusIDa saMvatanI kare che, paraMtu 100nI saMkhyA adhyAhata mAnI gaNatarI kare che. thomasa vaLI patnava saMvatanuM samarthana kare che. A saMvata Izu pUrve 248mAM zarU thayo hato. rA.go.bhAMDArakara11 zaka saMvatano mata darzAvI 200nI saMkhyA adhyAhAra gaNe che. paraMtu zatakanI saMkhyA adhyAhAra rAkhI saMvatano prayoga karavAnI paddhati to cheka navamI-dazamI sadImAM ApaNI bhUmimAM pracAramAM AvI. tethI, kuSANo ke kaNiddhanA samayanirNaya vAste A prakAranI gaNatarI hakIkatamAM bhrAmaka che. 173 kaNiddha bIjI sadImAM sattAdhIza ? kuSANavaMzano A mahArathI samrATa IzunI bIjI sadImAM sattAdhIza hato evo mata abhivyakta karanArAomAM mukhya adhyetA che : IsvI 120no mata smitha ane rAjabalI pANDeyano4 che. IsvI 125no siddhAMta jahaoNna mArzalano che15. to vaLI, sTena kono traNa nirdeza prastu kare che : IsvI 128-29, 134 ane 200, dhIrzamena IsvI 144no mata darzAve che.. DolararAya mAMkaDa IsvI 150no abhiprAya dharAve che. kisUra IsvI 140 ane 180 vaccenuM koI varSa dhyAnamAM levAnuM sUcave che19. A mATe mArzala takSazilAnA cIrastUpanA utkhananano AdhAra le che. ahIMthI prApta imAratonI bAMdhaNI-zailI uparathI mArzala kaNiSkano samaya nirNita kare che. paraMtu sthApatyazailIne AdhAre thato samayanirNaya cokkasa ane zraddheya gaNAto nathI. A prakAranA AdhAra bRhada samayanI jANakArI mATe upayogI zakAya. tethI mArzalanI dalIla svIkArya banatI nathI. sTena kono khagoLavidyAnI gaNatarIno AdhAra le che. jheda ane uNDanA lekhomAM nakSatrono ullekha che ane te AdhAre kono kaNiSkane Izu pachI 128-29mAM sattAdhIza hovAnuM jaNAve che. svAbhAvika ja A baMne lekho tatkAle astitva dharAvatA nakSatrano ullekha kare che. nakSatrathI varSano koI cokkasa kAlakhaMDa jarUra jANI zakAya paraMtu koI cokkasa varSanI jANakArI kevI rIte thAya; kAraNa nakSatranI ghaTanA to pratyeka varSe banatI hoya che. IsvI bIjI sadIno mata asvIkArya TUMkamAM, kaNiddha IzunI bIjI sadImAM sattAdhIza hato evI dalIla karanArA vidvAnoe pazcima kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA girinagaranA zailalekhanI avagaNanA karI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. kaNiSkanA varSa 11nA sUI vihAra lekha. mujaba rAjasthAnano bahAvalapura vistAra enI hakUmata heThaLa hovAnuM jaNAve che. rudradAmAno zailalekha paNa siMdhu-sauvIranA pradezo pazcimI kSatraponA hastaka hovAnuM spaSTa sUcave che. to eka ja vistAra upara eka vakhate be rAjAnI hakUmata kevI rIte saMbhave ? vaLI, vizeSamAM rudradAmAe bahAvalapura najIka rahetA zaktisaMpanna yaudheyone jabarajasta zikasta ApI hatI evo nirdeza zailalekhamAM che ja. Ama, sUI vihAra ane girinagaranA lekhomAM varNita vigato sAmasAmI athaDAya che. evuM ja che sAMcI uparanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kaNiSkanA prabhutvanuM. rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM paNa Akara (pUrva mALavA) ane avanti (pazcima mALavA) upara pazcimI kSatraponA prabhutvanuM asaMdigdha sUcana che ja. rudradAmA IsvI 130 ane 150 vacce uparyukta pradezo upara prabhutva dharAvato hato e Ama puravAra thayelI hakIkata che; kAraNa ke pazcimI kSatraponA lekhomAM nirdiSTa varSo zaka saMvatanAM hovA vize koI zaMkA nathI. AthI, kaNiddha IzunI bIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM zAsana karato hovAnuM svIkArya banatuM nathI. vikrama saMvatanI mAnyatA 174 kaNiSka A saMvatano pravartaka hovAnI mAnyatA keTalAka vidvAnoe vyakta karI che; jemAM agresara kaniMgahama che. jo ke anukAlamAM temaNe A mata tyajI dIdhelo. te pachI sliTa A matanA himAyatI rahyA. A matanA anya samarthako hatA : keneDI4, lyUDarsapa, phrenDera, bAraneTa., DAusana ane mukharajI9. phliTa ane keneDI anukrame bauddha paraMparA ane cInI sAdhanonA AdhAre prastuta mata vyakta kare che. paraMtu ApaNe agAu joyuM tema A baMne srota pramANabhUta gaNAtA nathI. yuAna svAMge noMdhelI kAzmIra ane bauddha paraMparAono AdhAra laI phliTa kaNiSkane buddhanirvANa pachI (phliTanA mate buddhanuM nirvANa IsvI 483mAM) 400 varSa bAda sattAdhIza hovAnuM jaNAve che. paraMtu sliTa jene AdhAre Avo mata vyakta kare che te yuvAna gvAMga potAnI noMdhomAM susaMgata nathI. vasubaMdhunuM ciratra AlekhatAM yuvAna zvAMga noMdhe che ke kaNiSka buddhanirvANa pachI 500 varSe vidyamAna hato. soMga yUnanA nirdeza mujaba 300 varSa pachI, khetAnanI eka noMdha mujaba 100 varSa pachI ane saMyutta ratnapiTa anusAra 700 varSa pachI kaNiSka, vidyamAna hovAnuM jaNAya che. helenIjhamano tathA kuSANasikkAomAMnA grIka akSarano AdhAra laI keneDI kaNiSkane IsvIpUrva 1lI sadImAM mUke che. paraMtu aphaghAnistAnamAM ane ApaNA dezanA vAyavya prAMtomAM tyAre grIka bhASA bolAtI-samajAtI hoI teno upayoga svAbhAvika gaNAya. tenA AdhAre samayanirNaya ka2vAnuM kArya tArkika nathI. vaLI, Izu pUrve 50mAM gaMdhAra upara yIna mo-phunuM rAjya astitvamAM hatuM 1. AthI, A samaye gaMdhAra upara kaNiSkanuM prabhutva hoI zake nahIM. AthI, kaNiSma vikrama saMvatano pravartaka hovAno siddhAMta Takato nathI. pracalita mata zaka saMvatano zaka saMvatano prAraMbha karanAra kaNi hato e mata sauthI vadhu pracalit che. phargyusana, ane olDanabarja A matanA mukhya samarthako che. uparAMta thomasa", repsana5, rAkhAladAsa benarajI, vADela7, TArnac, harizcaMdra rAya caudharI, haricaraNa ghoSa ane dinezacaMdra sarakAra41 paNa A mata dharAve che. phargyusana ane olDanabarjanI dalIlo ja te pachInA vidvAnoe svIkArI che ane potapotAnA matanI chApa upasAvI che. A graMthalekhake A vize anyatra A bAbate vigate carcA karI che; ane sApekSa sAdhanonA AdhAre sAbita karyuM che ke kaNiSka zaka saMvatano pravartaka hato ja nahIM. balake, A saMvatano prAraMbhaka hato pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA cASTrana.. AthI, zaka saMvatano calAvanAra kaNiSka hato e bahu pracalita mata hAlanA tabakke svIkArya raheto nathI. tethI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa nava 175 kaSki IzunI pahelI sadImAM sattAdhIza hovAnI zakayatA paNa TakatI nathI. raikUTaka-kalyurisaMvata kaNiSka raikUTaka-kalyuri-cedi saMvatano pravartaka hato evI dalIla ramezacaMdra majumadAre karI che. emano mukhya AdhAra che phAna yeno graMtha "ho hAna zuM". A graMthamAM phAna yee IsvI 25thI 220 sudhI ghaTanAonuM varNana karyuM che. bhArata saMdarbhamAM varNana karatAM phAna lakhe che ke A samaye badhAM bhAratIya rAjayo guca-cIhane adhIna hatAM. phAna yenA A vidhAnanA samarthanamAM majumadAra huAnanA graMtha "veI lucano AdhAra le che. A graMtha mujaba tAhiyA (bekTriyA), kAo-ku(kAbula) ane tiyena-cu(bhArata)nA badhA pradezo yuecInA tAbe hatAM. tethI majumadAra kaNiSkane IsvI 220nI AsapAsa sattAdhIza hovAno mata abhivyakta kare che. A vAte teo Abhilekhika, prAcIna lipikIya ane sikkAkIya AdhArono sahAro le che. Ama, teo kaNiSkanA sattAkAlane IzunI trIjI sadInA madhyathI AraMbha thayelo gaNe che. paraMtu kahiSkanA purohita saMgharakSakanA graMtha mA bhUmisUtrano cInI anuvAda AnzI kAoe (IsvI 148-170) karyo hato. eTale ke kaNiSka IsvI 170 sudhImAM sattAdhIza hoya ema anumAnI zakAya ane to majumadArano mata svIkArya raheto nathI. jo kaNiSkanA sattAMkAlane kalcaricedi saMvata (IsvI 248-49) sAthe sAMkaLIe to kaNikkajUthanA chellA rAjA vAsudevane (varSa 67thI 98nA enA lekho prApta thayA che) ApaNe (248+679=31pathI 248+9849=346) IsvI 315 ane 346nI vacce zAsana karato hovAnuM svIkAravuM paDe. paraMtu guptonuM mathurA uparanuM Adhipatya sthapAyuM te ane te pUrve mathurA upara nAgavaMzI sAta rAjAo zAsanastha hatA te baMne hakIkato sAthe baMdha bese nahIM. A kAraNe paNa ramezacaMdra majumadArano kalcaricedi saMvatano siddhAMta kaSkinA saMdarbhamAM svIkRta jaNAto nathI. prastuta vivaraNathI eTaluM spaSTa thAya che ke kaziSThano vikrama, zaka ke kalyuri saMvata sAthe koI saMbaMdha hato nahIM. te sAthe eTaluM paNa anumAnI zakAya ke kaNiSkano sattAkALa ane te dvArA kuSANavaMzano sattAkALa pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA zAsanata pachI ja AraMbhAyo hovAnuM saMbhave che. A mATenA purAvA ane dalIlo have cakAsIe. rudradAmA pachI kaNiSkanuM zAsana ApaNe avalokyuM ke mathurA upara gukhonI sattA sthapAI samudraguptanA sattAkALa daramyAna (IsvI 330thI 370). te pUrve IzunI bIjI sadI daramyAna nAgavaMzI zAsakono mathurAmAM udaya thayo ane cothI sadInA prathama caraNa sudhI bAra jeTalA nAga rAjAe sattA saMbhALI hatI. A daSTie guptonuM mathurA upara prabhutva sthapAyuM hoya IsvI 350 AsapAsa. eTale ke te pUrve nAgavaMzanA 12 rAjAe Azare eka saikA sudhI rAjya karyuM hoya. arthAt IsvI 250thI 350 sudhI nAgazAsako mathurA upara rAjaya karatA hovA joIe. tadanusAra kuSANavaMzanA mathurAmAMthI prApta lekhonA AdhAre te pUrve temanI tyAM sattA pravartatI hoya eTale ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 176 IsvI 150 ane 250 vaccenA gALA daramyAna kuSANoe mathurA upara prabhutva jamAvyuM hoya. A dRSTie kaNiSka pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA avasAna pachI ja rAjya saMpAdana karI zakyo hoya te vadhAre saMbhavita hoI zake. uttara-pazcime videzI zAsako grIka rAjAoe IsvIpUrva 130 ke 120mAM bekTriyA uparanuM rAjakIya prabhutva gumAvyA pachI hindukuza girimALA ane siMdhu nadInA vistAro upara rAjya karyuM hovAnA sikkAkIya purAvA prApta thayA chepara. ahIM tyArathI Azare vIsathI paNa vadhAre grIka rAjAoe rAjya karyuM hatuM evI sAbitI temanA sikkAoe pUrI pADI che. A e ja vistAra che ke jyAM kuSANavaMzanA AraMbhanA be rAjAo-kujula ane vIma-nuM rAjakIya prabhutva hatuM. A ja vistAro upara A ja samaya daramyAna zaka-pahlavonI be zAkhAonA Azare vIsa jeTalA zAsakoe sattAnAM sUtro saMbhAvyAM hatAM. A hakIkata paNa sikkAothI puravAra thaI che 54 AthI, spaSTa anumAna karI zakAya ke A vistAro upara IsvIpUrva 130thI lagabhaga traNa sadI sudhI grIka-zaka-pahlava zAsako prabhutva dharAvatA hoI kuSANonI hakUmata te vistAro upara tyAre saMbhavI zake nahIM. videzI prajAonAM, madhya eziyAmAM thayelI UthalapAthalanA saMdarbhamAM, bhArata AgamananI prakriyAnA kAlAnukramanAM nirIkSaNa karavAthI paNa spaSTa thAya che ke kuSANo, grIka-zaka-paava prajAnAM bhAratAgamana pachI ja bhAratamAM AvyA. A badhI dRSTie vicAratAM evuM spaSTa anumAna thaI zake ke ApaNA dezanA vAyavIya prAMtomAM kuSANonuM rAjakIya prabhutva IzunI bIjI sadI daramyAna sthapAyuM hoya. A saMdarbhamAM kaNiSkanuM rAjyArohaNa bIjI sadInA uttarArdhamAM thayuM hovA saMbhave. bIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM kaNiSka sattAdhIza hato ? je vistAramAMthI kaNikulanA sikkAo ane abhilekho maLyA che te mathurA ane kauzAmbI u52 vIsa vIsa jeTalA rAjAo ane kSatraponI vaNatUTI sattA kuSANo pUrve hovAnuM maMtavya abhivyakta thayuM che. A dRSTie A vistAro upara traNeka saikA sudhI A rAjAonI hakUmata hatI. mauryo-zaMgonI sattAnA aMta pachI eTale ke IsvIpUrva 150 pachI traNa saikAnA samayAvadhine dhyAnamAM letAM IsvI 1pa0 pachI mathurA-kauzAMbI upara kaNiSkanI sattA sthapAI hoya. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonI bhaugolika maryAdA rudradAmAnA samayamAM ati vistRta hatI. A STie paNa IzunI bIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM kaNiSka sattAdhIza hovAnuM sAbita thatuM nathI. bIjI sadInA uttarArdhamAM kaNiSkano samaya prAcIna lipividyAnA keTalAka purAvA paNa ApaNA uparyukta maMtavyane samarthana bakSe che. kuSANo ane guptonA abhilekhonA akSaro vaccenuM sAmya vyUhnare sAbita karI batAvyuM che. kaNiSkanA varSa 14nA mathurAnA pIThikAlekhamAMnA akSaro samudraguptanA alAhAbAdanA staMbhalekhomAMnA akSaro sAthe gADha sAmya dharAve che; tevI ja rIte kuSANonA mathurAnA abhilekhomAMnA akSaro caMdragupta vikramAdityanA varSa 61nA mathurAnA lekha. sAthe ghaNuM sAmya pa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa nava dharAve che. smitha darzAve che tema vajana, prakAra, paddhati ane prAcIna lipividyAnI bAbatamAM paNa guptonA sikkAo ane kaNiSka, haviSka tathA vAsudevanA sikkAo vacce gADha saMbaMdha hovAnuM samajAya che2. kuSANa sikkAonI keTalIka asa2 gupta sikkAo upara jovI prApta thAya che. jo kuSANo ane gupto vacce, vikrama ke zaka saMvata saMdarbhe samayanirNaya karIe to, lagabhaga doDhabe sadInuM aMtara rahe che. AthI, kAlagrasta vaMzanA (eTale ke kuSANonA) sikkAonuM anukaraNa gupto jevA zaktisaMpanna samrATo kare e zakya jaNAtuM nathI. AthI, evuM sUcita thaI zake ke kuSANo ane gupto vacce samaya bAbate jhAjhuM aMtara hoI zake nahIM. Ama, sikkAo ane zilAlekhonI dRSTie kuSANono ane guptono sattAsamaya parasparanI najIkano hovAnuM kahI zakAya. baijanAtha purI' ane baladevakumAra" kaNiSkanA rAjyArohaNane IsvI 144nI AsapAsa sUcave che. hindukuzanI dakSiNe yuecI sattAnA prabhAvanA dastAvejo trIjI sadI pUrvanA hoya tema spaSTa thatuM nathI". samudraguptanA alAhAbAdanA staMbhalekhamAM Devaputra zAhAnu zAhIno nirdeza darzAve che ke cothI sadImAM uttarakAlIna kuSANo (kuSANavaMzanA trIjA kulanA zAsako) bhAratamAM sattAdhIza hatA. IsvI 301thI 309 daramyAna sasAnI rAjA hormisadAsa rajAne koI kuSANa rAjAe potAnuM kuMvarI paraNAvI hatI.ka. 177 A badhI carcA ane vizleSaNathI sUcavI zakAya ke kuSANa samrATa kaNike IzunI bIjI sadInA uttarArdhamAM sattA sthApI ane vistArI; khAsa karIne pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA avasAna pachIthI. A vAste koI cokkasa varSano nirdeza karavo hAlanA tabakke zakya nathI. kaNi kayo saMvata pravartAvyo hato te paNa prApta purAvA uparathI puravAra thatuM nathI. paraMtu eTaluM jarUra sUcavI zakAya ke pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA amalanA aMta pachI ane mathurA uparanA nAgavaMzI rAjAonA amala pUrve koI samaye kaNiSkajUthanA rAjAoe rAjya karyuM hoya e vadhAre saMbhavita jaNAya che . . pAdanoMdha 1. rIDiMga ina dha paliTikala hisTarI oNva inDiyA, 1976, dilhI, (saMpAdaka, esa. pI. guptA ane anya), pRSTha 69. (have pachI rIpahita.) 2. ejana, pRSTha 66. 3. baijanAtha purI, inDiyA aMDara dha kuSANya, muMbaI, 1965, pRSTha 49. 4. AsairI., pustaka 3, pRSTha 31 ane paTTa 13. 5. juo : pAdanoMdha traNa, pariziSTa bI, kramAMka 100 (pRSTha 248), kramAMka 60 (pRSTha 242) ane kramAMka 89 (pRSTha 246) anukrame. 6. baijanAtha purI, uparyukta, pRSTha 38thI 50 tathA baladevakumAra, dha arlI kuSANya, pRSTha 58thI 77. 7. jarA~eso., 1903, pRSTha 1thI 64. 8. ahii., pRSTha 258. 9. kaoNii., 1888, pRSTha 57, 5TTa 1. 10. jarA~eso., 1913, pRSTha 980-81. For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 11. baoNbAraoNeso., pRSTha 20, 1900, pRSTha 356. 12. dha arlI kuSAsa, pRSTha 62. 13. dha enzanTa eNnDa hindu InDiyA, 14. InDiyana peliyoMgrA, 1952, vArAsaNI, pRSTha 195. 15. gAIDa Tu takSazilA, 1918, pRSTha 22. 16. anukrame kaoNII., pustaka 2, bhAga 1, 1929, pRSTha 93; ikvioN ., 1926, pustaka 2, pRSTha 180 ane ie., pRSTha 195. 17. begrAma ukhananano ahevAla. jarnala eziyATika, 1934, naMbara 234, pRSTha 59 thI. 18. purANika kranaoNlaji, ANaMda, 1951, pRSTha 162. 19. ikvioN ., 1926, pustaka 2, pRSTha 177. 20. jaraoNeso., 1870, pustaka 39, pRSTha 6pathI; ie., pustaka 10, 1881, pRSTha 324thI. 21. eI., pustaka 8, pRSTha 42thI paMkti 11 ane 12. 22. AsairI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 68 ane pustaka 3, pRSTha 30. 23. jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 333. uparAMta A ja sAmayikanA 1905thI 1908 ane 1912thI 1915 sudhInA aMko paNa A bAbate avalokvA. 24. jaraoNeso., 1912, pRSTha 665, 981; 1913, pRSTha 359, 661 ane 1054. 25. Bruchstpe Buddhisticher Dramen, Berlin, 1971, pRSTha 11. 26. BF, Berlin, 1904, pRSTha 99. 27. jaraoNeso., 1913, pRSTha 942-45. 28. saMdarbha : IkvioN ., 1928, pRSTha 760-64. 29. inDiyana kalcara, 1935, pRSTha 477. 30. baLadevakumAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 69-70. 31. AdhAra : haricaraNa ghoSa, ihikaoN., 1928, pRSTha 760-65. 32. jaraoNeso., pustaka 12, 1880, pRSTha 259-85. 33. Ie., 1881, pRSTha 213-16. 34. jaraoNeso., 1913, pRSTha 627-30. 35. kreDiI., bhAga 1, pRi 583 ane 703. 36. ie., 1908, pRSTha 51 ane 78. 37. jaraoNeso., 1913, pRSTha 945-52. 38. grIbei., pRSTha 352. 39. pohieI., pRSTha 297, pRSTha 297-98. 40. IkvioN ., 1928, pRSTha 760-64; 1929, pRSTha 49-80. 41. eiyu, pRSTha 144-45. 42. juo : raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, 1976, prakaraNa 6 ane kSatrapakAlanuM gujarAta, 1975, pRSTha 39thI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa navA 179 43. A graMthamAM pariziSTa pAMca. 44. ie., 1917, pRSTha 261thI. uparAMta juo : ramezacaMdra majumadAra, rIpahiI., prakaraNa 11. 45. phrAna yenuM avasAna IsvI 449mAM thayuM hatuM. te dRSTie temano AdhAra zraddheya banI zake nahIM. 46. 'veI luca' graMtha IsvI 239 ane 265 vacce racAyo hato. 47. baladevakumAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 71. 48. mathurAnI buddhipratimA lekha varSa 67no che, pradahikaoN., haidarAbAda beThaka, pRSTha 163. 49. mathurA jainalekha varSa 98no. juo : eI., pustaka 2, pRSTha 108, naMbara 24. 50. caMdragupta vikramAdityano varSa 61no gupta saMvatano mathurA staMbhalekha (juo : da.bA. Diskalakara, eNbhAorIi., pustaka 17, pRSTha 166). paraMtu te pUrve samudraguptanA zAsanakALa daramyAna mathurA upara guptonuM Adhipatya prasthApita thayuM hatuM. 51. paramezvarIlAla gupta, kaoNinsa, pRSTha 41. uparAMta vAyupurANa paNa mathurA upara nAgavaMzI sattAno nirdeza kare che. 52. juo pAdanoMdha 1. pa3. juo : raseza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 109thI 116. 54. juo : pAdanoMdha 1, pRSTha 66-67. juo raseza jamInadAra, ejana, pRSTha 116thI 121. 55. raseza jamInadAra, ItihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 12 ane A graMthamAM prakaraNa 3. 56. A maMtavya paramezvarIlAla guptanuM che. saMdarbha vAste juo ramezacaMdra majumadAra, uparyukta graMtha (pAdanoMdha 1 mujaba) pRSTha 67. 57. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa agiyAra ane nakazo naMbara 2. . 58. saMdarbha mATe juo pAdanoMdha 1, pRSTha 68. 59. eI., pustaka 19, pRSTha 96. 60. jaesobeM., pustaka 3, pRSTha 118. 61. eI.. pustaka 21, pRSTha 1. 62. jaraoNeso., 1903, pRSTha 35. uparAMta keTalaoNga oNva kaoNinsa ina dha inDiyana myujhiyama, bhAga 1, 97. 63. pAdanoMdha 3, mujaba, pRSTha 49-50. 64. dha arlI kuSANasa, pRSTha 74-75. 65. ramezacaMdra majumadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 69. 66. ejana. 67. IsvIpUrva 10nI AsapAsa hiyaMganunA hAthe yuecIno parAjaya thayo. tethI yuecIo tADiyAmAM sthira thayA ane pAMca vibhAgamAM vaheMcAI gayA, jemAMno eka vibhAga kuSANa nAme oLakhAyo. A pachI Azare so varSe kuSANanetA thavuge anya cAra jUtho upara AkramaNa karIne, temane harAvIne potAnAmAM e jUthone bheLavI dIdhAM ane pachI te samrATa banyo. te pachI pArthiyA upara AkramaNa karyuM. kAbula upara prabhutva prasthApyuM. kipIna jItyuM. ane esInI vaye avasAna pAmyo. eno putra eno anugAmI rAjA thayo ane teNe bhArata jItyuM. A samayathI yuecao zaktisaMpanna thayA. A daSTie paNa sUcavI zakAya ke kaNiSka IzanI bIjI sadInA utarArdhamAM sattAdhIza thayo hoya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa daza pazcima bhAratanA be pramukha rAjavaMzo : keTalAka yakSaprazna ApaNA dezanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM pazcima bhAratamAM be pramukha rAjavaMzo vizeSa jANItA hatA : gujarAtanA pazcimI kSatrapo ane dakhkhaNanA sAtavAhana zAsako. A baMne rAjavaMzonI rAjakIya sarahado aDoaDa hatI ane vakhatovakhata sarahado badalAtI rahetI hatI. A baMne rAjavaMzo emanI zAsanapraNAlimAM lAkSaNika ane vilakSaNa hatA ane rAjayavistAra tathA dIrthazAsana kAje vikhyAta hatA. eka tarapha baMne rAjavaMzoe keTalAka samaya vAste kauTuMbika saMbaMdho sudaDha karyA hatA to bIjI bAjue rAjakIya duzmanAvaTano anubhava paNa karyo hato. ghaNAM badhAM kSetromAM A baMne rAjavaMzomAM parasparanI asaro jovI prApta thAya che. paraMtu A baMne rAjavaMzo vaccenA kauTuMbika saMbaMdho sahitanA rAjAzAhI saMbaMdho vize ghaNuM ochuM ane AchuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. AthI, ahIM A muddA paratve thoDuMka vizleSaNa karavAno eka prayAsa karyo che. mahattvanAM sAdhano A baMne zaktisaMpanna rAjavaMzo saMdarbhe agatyanA srota vize prAraMbhamAM saMkSipta carcA karIzuM. (1) periplasa oNva dha Iriziyana sI : A graMthamAM sAtavAhana rAjAe kSaharAta rAjA nahapAnane harAvelo te vize ane tenA rAjayanI vistaratI sarahadono khyAla Apyo che, jemAM bharUcano samAveza thAya che. (2) Avazyaka sUtra niyuktiH A jaina graMthamAM mahattvanA traNa muddAono ullekha che : 1. pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano vaccenuM yuddha. 2. bharakacchanA nahapAnanI Arthika samRddhi ane pratiSThAnanA sAtavAhananI sainyazakti (arthAt nabhovAhana kozasamRddha hato ane sAlavAhana balasamRddha hatA). ane 3. dago ramavAnA AzayathI sAlavAhananA kahevAtA baratarapha amAtyanuM nahapAnanI rAjakIya sevAomAM saMlagnita thavuM. (3) jogala thambIno sikkAnidhi : mahArASTramAM nAsika jillAmAM sthita A sthaLethI cAMdInA sikkAno eka vipula saMgraha hAtha lAgelo jemAM nahapAnanA sikkAo che ane jemAMnA moTAbhAganA sikkAo upara sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNie potAnI chApa upasAvI hatI. (4) rudrasiMha 1lAnA sikkA : A rAjAnA varSayukta sikkAonA nirmANathI keTalAka muddAo upasthita thayA che, jemAM eka che : sAtavAhanoe pazcimI kSatraponA pradeza jItI lIdhA ane kSatrapasUbAnI dekharekha heThaLa te pradezo mUkyA. (pa) gautamIputra zAtakarNinA tAMbAnA sikkA, jenA upara cASTane potAnI chApa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa daza 181 upasAvI hatI. (6) rudrasiMha 1lAnA sikkA uparanA lakhANamAM prAkRta bhASAnA viniyogathI sAtavAhana prabhAvanuM sUcana vyakta thayuM che. (7) vAsiSThIputra pulumAvino nAsikano guphAlekhaH A lekhamAM gautamIputra zAtakarNie pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzane nirmULa karyAno nirdeza che. (8) rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha H A lekhamAM spaSTa nirdeza che ke teNe kSiNApathanA svAmI zAtakarNine be vakhata harAvyo paNa te dUrano sago na hoI tene choDI mUkyo. (9) kaherI guphAno lekha H A lekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba gautamIputra siri zAtakarNinI patnI mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI putrI hatI. (10) baMne rAjavaMzanA abhilekha : A lakhANomAM paraspara ekabIjA pAsethI prApta karelA pradezono nirdeza thayelo che". (11) sAtavAhanonA zilAlekho : jemAM zaherIta zabdano nirdeza pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMzanA eka kuLa tarIke thayelo che. (12) sikkA uparanI mukhAkRti : baMne rAjavaMzanA sikkA upara agrabhAge sikkA nirmANa karanAra jIvita rAjAnI mukhAkRti upasAvavAnI prathAnuM sAmya che''. (13) trikUTa parvatanuM pratIka : baMne rAjavaMzanA sikkA upara pRSThabhAge "caitya pratIka tarIke oLakhAtA trikUTa parvatanA pratIkane upasAvavAnI sAmAnya paddhati. (14) sAma biruda : svAmI=sAma birudano sahu prathama prayoga kSatrapoe karyo, jenuM anukaraNa sAtavAhanoe karyuM hatuM. (15) mULa zaka jAtinA sainiko : emaNe potAnA zaka zAsakonI to sainyasevA karelI paNa sAtavAhana zAsakonA sainyamAM kAma kareluM. (16) A baMne rAjavaMzonA abhilekhomAM pitRpakSanA nAmano viniyoga sAmAnya hato15. (17) zaka saMvata : A vikhyAta saMvatano prAraMbha cAne karyo hato, khAsa to sAtavAhano uparanA vijayanI smRtimAM. baMne rAjavaMzano saMkSipta paricaya zaka jAtinA pazcimI kSatrapothI vizeSa khyAta A zAsako svataMtra sattAdhIza prAraMbhathI ja hatA ane tatkAlanA gujarAtanA vizALa bhUbhAga upara (AjanA pazcimI bhAratanA poNA bhUbhAga upara) IsvI 23thI 415 sudhI temaNe sattAnAM sUtro saMbhALelAM hatAM. samayAMtare temaNe vividha pATanagaro (dA.ta. bharukaccha, ujjaina ane girinagara)mAMthI zAsana karyuM hatuM. gujarAta upara rAjakIya prabhutva prasthApita karyA pachI teo lagabhaga nAmakarme bhAratIya banI gayA hatA. tyAranA ApaNA rASTranA badhA pramukha dharma pratye teo zraddhAnvita hatA. A rAjAoe potAnA For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta cAMdInA sikkAo calaNa-arthe nirmANa karyA hatA. ane ApaNA dezAnA sikkA vijJAnanA vikAsamAM keTalAka abhinava lakSaNonuM yogadAna karyuM hatuM. emanA sikkAonI sahAyathI ApaNe A rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI ane emano kAlAnukrama nirNita karI zakyA chIe. emano rAjagAdIno uttarAdhikAra sugrathita ane sucAru hato. gujarAtanA pUrvakAlanA rAjakIya itihAsamAM emanuM rAjaya sahu prathama svataMtra sattAdhIza hatuM ane gujarAta-bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsamAM paNa emanuM yogadAna dhyAnArya gaNAya che. vizeSa to e ke ApaNA rASTranA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM emanuM rAjaya pahelaprathama dIrghazAsIta rAjya hatuM. viMdhyAcaLanI dakSiNanA bhAratamAM sAtavAhana zAsako prAdhAnya dharAvatA hatA. A zAsako anyathA AMdho athavA AMdhrabhRtyo tarIke prakhyAta hatA. kSipathanA svAmI tarIke jANItA A rAjavaMzanA zAsakoe IsvIpUrva pahelI sadInA pUrvArdhathI IsvIsananI trIjI sadInA prathama caraNa sudhI sattAnAM sUtro saMbhALyAM hatAM. AthI, teo lagabhaga eka sadInI samayAvadhi daramyAna pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA samakAlIna hatA ema kahI zakAya. A sAtavAhana rAjAonI rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna (AjanuM paiThaNa) hatI, je mahArASTranA vAraMgala jillAmAM godAvarI nadInA kAMThe AveluM hatuM. emanA mULa vize hajI vivAda zamyo nathI. ItihAsavido vAste Ajeya sAtavAhanonA mULa vatana vize ane emanA kAlAnukrama vizenA keTalAka prazno carcaya rahyA che. jaina graMthamAMnI eka gAthA mAvazyasUtra niryukTrimAM eka gAthA A mujaba nirUpAI che; jemAM pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA ane sAtavAhana zAsaka vaccenA yuddhanI vigatonuM varNana che : bharukaccha dharmAcAryo (jinadeva ane kuNAla), tathA rAjanetAo (nahapAna ane sAtavAhana) mATe prakhyAta che. bharukacchanA navANe ghaNI samRddhi ekkI karI hatI (arthAt kaho ke te zasamRddha hato). bharukaccha enI rAjadhAnI hatI. pratiSThAnano sAtavAhana rAjA sainyazaktimAM baLavAna hato (athavA te vanasamRddha hato). sAtavAhana rAjAe be varSa sudhI bharukacchane lazkaranA prabhAva heThaLa gherI rAkhyuM paNa te tenA upara (rAjakIya) prabhAva jamAvI zakyo nahIM. AthI, te pratiSThAna pAcho pharelo. chatAM te koI paNa paddhatie bharukacchane jItavA utsuka hato ja. eTale teNe chaLakapaTano Azraya lIdho. eNe potAnA eka pradhAnane rAjayanI sevAmAMthI kADhI mUkyo ane nahapAnanA darabAramAM bharukaccha javAnI sUcanA ApI. tadanusAra A nirvAsita pradhAna bharukaccha gayo ane potAnA rAjAe potAne kADhI mUkyo hovAnI vAta nahapAnane jaNAvI. nahapAne enA upara vizvAsa rAkhIne rAjayanA nokara tarIke ene rAkhI lIdho. sAtavAhana rAjAnI A hoMziyArIbharI yukti hatI. tarachoDAyelA pradhAne nahapAnane dAnadharmAdhAmAM nANAM vAparavAnI ane e rIte paralokamAM viziSTa sthAna saMprApta karavAnI salAha ApI. nahapAne AthI chUTA hAthe dharmadAnamAM nANAM kharcavA mAMDyAM. pariNAme rAjayanI tIjorI khAlI thaI gaI. Ano lAbha laIne sAtavAhana rAjAe bharukacchane punaH ghero ghAlyo, bharukaccha jItyuM ane nahapAna mAryo gayo. prastuta gAthAmAMnI ghaNI mAhitI vigate aitihAsika na hoya to paNa e hakIkato -1. nahavANa ane sAlavAhaNanI samakAlInatA ane 2. sAtavAhana rAjAnA hAthe nahapAnanI hAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa daza 183 - to aitihAsika che jadeg. grIka sapharano ahevAla A ahevAla "dha periplasa oNva dha iriziyana sI' nAmathI khyAta che. saMkSepamAM tenuM hUlAmaNuM nAma che "periplasa'. grIsanA eka ajJAta musAphare potAnI dariyAI sapharanuM A graMthamAM vigatathI varNana karyuM che jemAM gujarAtanA samudrakAMThA vize ane vahANavaTA vize sArI mAhitI ApI che. agAu avalokita jaina gAthAmAMnI hakIkatone bIjA eka sAhityika purAvAnuM samarthana sAMpaDe che. A grIkagraMthamAM paNa sAtavAhana rAjAnA hAthe nahapAnanI hAranuM varNana che. emAM rAtA samudrathI hindI mahAsAgara sudhInI dariyAI sapharanI mAhitI ApatAM lekhake nahapAnanA rAjayanI sarahadonuM varNana kareluM che, jemAM teNe bharucano ullekha paNa karyo che. nahapAna mojIlo rAjA hato evuM varNana emAM che. nahapAna mATe mesvaro nAmano nirdeza che. itihAsakAro A mATe vividha nAma prayoje che : embanosa, menabrusa, mambarasa, membanesa, nAbunusa ityAdi. prastuta baMne sAhityika nirdeza uparathI sUcita thAya che ke sAtavAhana rAjAe harAta nahapAnane harAvyo hato ane enA vaMzano uccheda karyo hato; tema ja nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI bharUca upara kabajo jamAvyo hato. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano samakAlIna ane pratispardhI tema ja sAmAjika saMbaMdhothI baddha hatA. pulumAvino nAsikaguphAno lekha vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA prastuta lekhamAM spaSTa noMdhe che ke sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNie kSaNArata vaMzane nirmULa karyo hato. A guphAlekhamAM2 varagharAta zabdano ullekha nahapAnanA vaMza vAste thayo che. A vaMza hakIkatamAM kSaharata vaMza tarIke jANIto che. A abhilekhika purAvo spaSTa rIte agAu avalokita baMne sAhityika purAvAnuM samarthana kare che. A rIte sAhityika lakhANonI aitihAsiktA puravAra thAya che. jogalathambIno sikkAnidhi mahArASTranA nAsika jillAnA jogalathappI nAmanA sthaLethI (AjanA nAsika zaheranI najIka) cAMdInA sikkAno eka moTo nidhi hAtha lAgyo hato te ApaNe avalokI gayA chIe (juo pariziSTa traNa). AmAMthI nahapAnanA 927) sikkA upara gautamIputra zAtakarNie potAnI chApa paDAvI hatI. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke gautamIputra zAtakarNie nahapAnane harAvyo hato ane enA vaMzane nirmULa karyo hato. A rIte, jogalathambIno sikkAnidhi3 zAtakarNinA hAthe nahapAnanI hAra ane sAtavAhana rAjayamAM kSaharAta vistArono samAveza jevI agAu varNita aitihAsika hakIkatone zAhedI bakSe che. AthI, eTaluM sUcita thAya che ke sAtavAhanoe gujarAtanA dakSiNa vistAranA bhUbhAga upara zAsana karyuM hatuM. AthI e paNa spaSTa thAya che ke sAtavAhana rAjA ane kSaharAta zAsaka vacce samakAlIna zAhI saMbaMdho hatA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha A zailalekha aMgenI carcA ApaNe agAu karI che (juo pariziSTa sAta). A lakhANanuM aitihAsika mahattva aneruM che; kema ke temAM pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano, khAsa karIne rudradAmA ane zAtakarNi, vaccenA sAmAjika saMbaMdho vize keTaloka prakAza maLe che (juo pariziSTa che). ahIM Ano nirdeza sAtavAhano sAthenA pazcimI kSatraponA rAjakIya ane sAmAjika saMbaMdho paratve dhyAna darzAvavAno che : dakSiNApathanA svAmIne be vakhata harAvyA chatAMya najIkanA saMbaMdhane kAraNe choDI mUkyo. A zAtakarNi koNa tenI vigate carcA pariziSTa chamAM ApaNe karI che. eka bAbata cokkasa che ke pazcima bhAratanA A baMne pramukha rAjavaMzo rAjakIya ane sAmAjika tema ja keTalIka bAbatomAM sAMskRtika saMbaMdhothI saMlagnita hatA, je vize sAhityika ane Abhilekhika purAvAo samarthana Ape che. A bAbate A ja prakaraNamAM anyatra mAhitI ApI che. kaherI guphAno lekha A baMne rAjavaMzo vaccenI laDAI ApaNe noMdhyuM tema rAjakIya ane sarahado aMgenI hatI. Ama to, baMne pakSe hAra ane jItanI hakIkata che paNa sAmAjika saMbaMdho jotAM viDaMbanA paNa jovI prApta thAya che. ApaNe avalokyuM tema arthabaLa ane sainyabaLa vacceno mukAbalo che jemAM dago karanAra phAvI jAya che. nahapAne gUmAvelA pradeza caSTine pAchA meLavyA ane sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputrane vRddhAvasthAmAM potAnA rAjayanI paDatI jovI paDI. gujarAtamAM calaNamAM rahelA gautamIputranA tAMbAnA sikkA upara cASTane pratichApa upasAvI; je kArya agAu nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA upara pratichApa pADavAnuM gautamIputre kareluM. cArunane enA pautra rudradAmAe sahAya karelI. pulumAvine A baMne zaktisaMpanna rAjAono sAmano karavo paDelo ane aMte samAdhAna karavuM paDeluM ane vizeSa mAnahAnino anubhava karavo nA paDe tethI puLamAvie potAnA laghubaMdhu vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNinAM lagna rudradAmAnI putrI sAthe karyAM hatAM jenI vigato A kaherI lekhamAM che. sAtavAhananA kSatrapasUbAnI hakIkata ApaNe avalokI lIdhuM ke tithiyukta sikkAonuM nirmANa karanAra pahelaprathama pazcimI kSatrapa zAsaka rudrasiMha 1lo hato. ApaNA dezanA sikkAvijJAnanA itihAsamAM A ghaTanA sImAcihnarUpa gaNAya che. jo ke varSayukta enA sikkAthI keTalAka prazno paNa udbhavyA che, jemAMno eka che paDozI ke videzI AkramaNano. repsana, bhAMDArakara, aLatekara ane sudhAkare rudrasiMha 1lAnA varSa 110 ane 112nA kSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAonA AdhAre A prakAranI dalIla prastuta karI che. AmAM sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyanI dalIla mujaba A varSo daramyAna sAtavAhanoe kSatrapa pradeza jItI lIdho hoya ane tenI dekharekha rAkhavA sAru rudrasiMhane kSatrapa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa daza 185 tarIke nImyo hoya. jo ke A dalIla grAhya banatI nathI. eka bAbata evI sUcita thaI zake che ke rudrasiMha 1lAnA zAsanakALa daramyAna pazcima bhAratanA A be pramukha rAjavaMza vacce kAM to duzmanAvaTano ke kAM to mitratAno saMbaMdha hoya. zaka saMvatano prAraMbhaka cASTana prastuta muddAnI vigate chaNAvaTa A graMthamAM pariziSTa pAMcamAM karI che. ahIM to A bAbatano nirdeza prastuta rAjavaMzo vaccenA saMbaMdhonI tAsIrane upasAvavA miSe che; kema ke ApaNe noMdhyuM tema zaka saMvatano prAraMbha karavAno mukhya uddeza sAtavAhana rAjAo uparanI jItanI smRtine ciraMjIva banAvavAno hato. arthAt ApaNe agAu joI gayA tema nahapAne gumAvelA pradezo sAtavAhano pAsethI cAkhane pAchA meLavyA. A bhavya vijayanI yAdamAM cASTane A saMvata pravartAvyo hato. abhilekho ane rAjyavistAra adyApi ApaNe pAradarzaka rIte baMne pramukha rAjavaMzo vaccenA rAjakIya ane sarahadI saMbaMdho bAbate noMdha karI che. khAsa to, baMne rAjavaMzoe jItelA ane gumAvelA pradeza vizenI hakIkato ApaNane A rAjavaMzonA abhilekhomAMnI mAhitIthI saMprApta thaI che ane jenI vistArathI chaNAvaTa A graMthamAM have pachInA prakaraNamAM karI che. tethI ahIM A muddAno nirdeza mAtra baMne rAjavaMzo vaccenA saMbaMdhone upasAvavAno che. trikUTa-parvata-pratIkanuM Alekhana pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhanonA cAMdInA sikkAo upara trikUTa parvatanuM suMdara ane AkarSaka Alekhana bahu spaSTa rIte aMkita thayeluM joI zakAya che. kSatraponA sikkA upara upasAvelA A pratIka vize tema ja kSatrapoe A pratIkanuM anukaraNa sAtavAhano pAsethI svIkAreluM ke kema te bAbatanI carcA A graMthamAM prakaraNa teramAM karI che tethI tenuM vizleSaNa ahIM apekSita nathI. paraMtu sAtavAhanonA sikkA upara caitya ane parvata baMne pratIkonAM alaga Alekhana thayAM hoI emaNe baMne pratIkono bhinna rIte upayoga karyo hovAnuM sUcavAya che. AthI, koNe konI pAsethI prastuta pratIkanuM anukaraNa karyuM teno vivAda nA karIe to paNa eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke A baMne rAjavaMzo vacce koIka prakAranA saMbaMdha hatA. hA, sanAtana ke sArvatrika bAbatanuM anukaraNa to sahuno adhikAra che jemAM kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano apavAda nathI. mukhAkRtinuM Alekhana ApaNe have pachInA prakaraNa teramAM avalokIzuM tema pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAonuM sauthI AkarSaka ane mahattvanuM lakSaNa jo koI hoya to te che sikkA nirmANa karanArA rAjAnI mukhAkRtine athavA kaho ke uttarAMgane upasAvavuM. nahapAnanA sikkAthI zarU thayelI A prathA A rAjavaMzanA pratyeka zAsakanA sikkA upara avinAbhAve nihALI zakIe chIe. evuM sUcita thAya che ke A prathAe sAtavAhana zAsakonA sikkA upara asara pravartAvI hoya; kema ke emanA cAMdInA sikkA upara te te rAjAnI mukhAkRtinuM Alekhana joI zakIe chIe. sAtavAhano For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pahelaprathama bhAratIya rAjAo hatA jemanA cAMdInA sikkA upara mukhAkRti uparAvelI jovI prApta thAya che. Ama to, A prathA videzI jaNAya che chatAMya sAtavAhana sikkAo ghaNIbadhI rIte bhAratIyatAnI AgavI chApa khasUsa rIte upasAvI zakyA che emAM zaMkA nathI. baMne rAjavaMzonA sikkAo dvibhASI che, je alabatta, AdAnapradAnanI asaranuM sUcana kare che. keTalI pArasparika anya asara Ama to, A baMne rAjavaMzo, ApaNe vAraMvAra noMdhyuM tema, samaye samaye mitro hatA ane duzmano paNa; chatAM teo baMnee paraspara upara potAnI AgavI chApanI asara pravartAvI te sAthosAtha ekabIjAnI saMskRtimAMthI keTaluMka svIkAryuM paNa kharuM ja. ahIM e vize thoDIka vigato avalokIzuM. zaka sainiko emanA potAnA rAjAnI sevA to karatA ja hatA. arthAt pazcimI kSatraponI tahenAtamAM zaka sainiko pharaja bajAvatA hatA. paraMtu temaNe bhAratIya hindu rAjAonA sainyamAM paNa sevAo ApI hatI; khAsa karIne sAtavAhana rAjyamAM. AnI sAbitI che zakasena, je sAtavAhana rAjA hato ane gautamIputra zAtakarNino purogAmI hato. saMbhava che ke eNe potAnA lazkaramAM moTA pAyA upara zaka sainikonI bharatI karelI ane tethI te krisena nAmathI khyAta thayo hoya. zakasenanA nirdezayukta sAtavAhana sikkAo hAtha lAgyA che. nAgArjuna-kAMDAmAMthI be zilpa hAtha lAgyAM che je zaka-gaNavezadhArI yoddhAonAM che. sAtavAhana rAjAomAM eka nAma che zaka zAtakarNi8, je nAma te jAti sAthenA ghaniSTa saMbaMdhanuM dyotaka che; khAsa karIne pazcimI kSatrapa rAjavaMza sAthenA. agAu ApaNe joI gayA tema pulumAvino kaherI guphAlekha A baMne rAjavaMzo vaccenA vaivAhika saMbaMdhonuM varNana kare che. pazcimI kSatraponI asara darzAvanuM bIjuM udAharaNa che sAma biruda, je svAmI zabdanuM prAkRta rUpa che. A biruda kSatraponA sikkA ane abhilekhomAM prayojAyeluM che, jenuM anukaraNa yajJa zAtakarNie enA vahANa prakAranA sikkAmAM karyuM hatuM ja. nAsikanI guphAonI dIvAlo upara nahapAnanA samayanAM lakhANo utkIrNa che. A lakhANonI lipi upara pazcimI-dakhkhaNI prAdezika lipinI spaSTa vartAyelI jovI prApta thAya che. AraMbhanA sAtavAhana rAjAonAM lakhANomAMnI lipinI lAkSaNika asara nahapAnanA abhilekhomAM vartAya che. gujarAtamAM viziSTa lipinA vikAsamAM A lahANono phALo dhyAnArha che, jeno viniyoga pazcimI kSatraponA chellA rAjAonAM lakhANomAM thayo hato. nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI A prakaraNamAM agAu nirdiSTa karyA mujaba jaina gAthA bharukaccha nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI hatI tema jaNAve che ane A bAbatanI carcA ApaNe prakaraNa chamAM karI che. ahIM A bAbata eTalA vAste ullekhI che ke jogalathambImAMthI nahapAnanA sikkAno moTo jaththo hAtha lAgyo che. bIjuM, ApaNe joI gayA tema nahapAnanA samayanA moTA bhAganA abhilekho paNa mahArASTramAMthI maLI AvyA che. A be hakIkatone lIdhe nahapAnanI rAjadhAnI mahArASTramAM koIka sthaLe hoya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa daza 187 A sthaLa kAM to nAsika hoya, kAM to jogalathabI hoya. paraMtu abhilekho enA jamAI uSavadAtte kotarAvyA hatA ane te badhA dAnadharmAdA saMbaMdhita hatA. uSavadAtta rAjakIya ke vahIvaTI evo koI hoddo dharAvato na hato, chatAM dAnadharmAdAthe lekho kotarAvavAnI sattA ane hatI. AthI, be bAbato sUcita thAya che : 1. nahapAnanA sAmrAjyanA dakSiNa vistAronuM mahattva svIkArIne, khAsa karIne, sAtavAhanonA rAjakIya humalAnA saMdarbhamAM, nahapAne jamAIne koI paNa prakAranA adhikRta hoddA vinA A vistAronI dekharekhanI javAbadArI soMpI hoya. 2. nahapAnanA sAmrAjyanA dakSiNa vistAro vAste kAM to jogala thambI kAM to nAsika bIjI rAjadhAnI saMbhavataH hoI zake. aMtamAM prastuta vizleSaNathI spaSTa thAya che ke A baMne rAjavaMzo vacce rAjakIya ane sAmAjika saMbaMdho gADha hatA. sAMskArika ane sAMskRtika kSetromAM paNa baMne rAjavaMzoe parasparanI asara apanAvI hatI, svarUpa ane saMskAramAM A pramukha rAjavaMzo lAkSaNika hatA te sAthe rAjakIya ane sAmAjika bAbate teo bhinna paNa hatA. pAdanoMdha 1. phakaro 41. "periplasa'nA TUMkA nAmathI oLakhAto A graMtha IsvIsananI prathama sadInA uttarArdhamAM lakhAyo hovA saMbhave (jaraoNeso., 1918, pRSTha 830; ie., graMtha 8, pRSTha 108; IhikvaoN., pustaka 7, pRSTha 112 ane lalitakalA, naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 15). 2. bho. ja. sAMDesarA, jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta, pRSTha 91; pradahikoM., 1940, pRSTha 150. 3. eca. Aca. skaoNTa, jabaoNbAraoNeso., 1907, pustaka 22, naMbara 62, pRSTha 223thI; yajhadAnI, ahiDe., muMbaI, 1960, pRSTha 93; janyusoI., pustaka 17, pRSTha 98-99; juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa. 4. sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 65 ane A graMthamAM prakaraNa 7mAM rudrasiMhanuM vizenuM nirUpaNa. 5. ajayamitra zAstrI, kaoNineja oNva dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa kaoNInsa phroma eskavezansa, nAgapura, 1972, pRSTha 80. 6. dinezacaMdra sarakAra, sIi., naMbara 80, pRSTha 197; eDa., pustaka 6, pRSTha 60thI; jaihi., pustaka 12, naMbara 1, pRSTha 42 ane ajayamitra zastrI, uparyukta, pRSTha 26; tema ja dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, nAgapura, 1998, pRSTha 67-68. A graMthamAM juo prakaraNa pAMca. 7. AsaveI., pustaka 5, pRSTha 78 (1883). uparAMta A graMthamAM pariziSTa che; ajayamitra zAstrI, te uparyukta, 1998, pRSTha 74 ane 157. 8. ajayamitra zAstrI, 1998, pRSTha 74. A graMthamAM pariziSTa che. 9. A graMthamAM prakaraNa agiyAra. ajayamitra zAstrI, pR 1998, pRSTha 68. 10. dinezacaMdra sarakAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 197 ane A graMthamAM prakaraNa pAMca. 11. ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, 1972, pRSTha 69 tema ja A graMthamAM prakaraNa 12. 12. resana, keTalaoNga., phakaro 92 ane 100, vAsudeva upAdhyAya, bhAsi., pRSTha 104-05, elekajhAMDara For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kaniMgahama, nyumijhamaeNTika kraoNnikla, pustaka 13, pRSTha 188. uparAMta juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa 12. 13. janyusoI., pustaka 24, pRSTha 175; A graMthamAM prakaraNa sAta. 14. ajayamitra zAstrI, 1972, pRSTha 69 ane A graMthamAM prakaraNa 12. 15. ajayamitra zAstrI, ejana. 16. raseza jamInadAra, 'DiDa cAnTana sTArTa dha zaka irA ?', saMbodhi, pustaka 1, aMka 4, 1973, pRSTha 31-35; A graMthamAM pariziSTa pAMca. 17. A rAjAonA samayanAM gurjara itihAsa ane saMskRtinI vadhu vipno A graMthamAM jovI prApta thaze. uparAMta sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAyanA graMtha zaksa ina inDiyA ane satyazrAvanA graMtha dha zaksa Ina inDiyAmAMthI prApta thaze. 18. A rAjAonAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinI mAhitI mATe juo ajayamitra zAstrInA graMtho : dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna satrasa, nAgapura 1998; kaoNineja oNva dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa kaoNinsa phraoNma ekavezansa, nAgapura, 1972; yajhadAnI, ahiDe., oNksapharDa, 1960; rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, arlI hisTarI oNva dha Dekkana, pUNe, 1927, kolakAtA, 1928. 19. bho.ja.sAMDesarA, uparyukta, pRSTha 91-93 ane 192-194; pohieI., pRSTha 221, sIi., naMbara 83thI 86; bhAMDArakara, uparyukta, pRSTha 23.8 20. nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA upara sAtavAhana rAjAnI pratichApa upara Ano purAvo che. je jogalambImAMthI maLelA sikkAnidhithI jANavA maLe che. uparAMta vAsiSThIputra puLamAMvinA eka lekhamAM gautamIputra zAtakarNie kSaharatone nirmULa karyAnI vigata paNa ApaNe agAu noMdhI che. A be purAvastukIya hakIkato sAhityika vigatanuM samarthana kare che. 21. Dabalyu. eca. skaoNpha, periplasa, laMDana, 1912; duSyanta paMDyA, periplasa, (gujarAtI anuvAda), aliyAbADA, 1960; tema ja A graMthamAM prakaraNa che. 22. rAjayakALanA 19mA varSano A lekha nAsika guphA naMbara ramAM sthita che. juo ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 60thI; ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, 1972, pRSTha 26 ane 1998, pRSTha 73; vA.vi.mirAsI, dha hisTarI eNnDa InDizansa oNva dha sAtavAhansa enDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, muMbaI, 1981, pRSTha para. 23. juo agAunI pAdanoMdha traNamAMnA saMdarbha. 24. Asavei., pustaka 5, pRSTha 178; janyusoI., pustaka 15, pRSTha 77-78, citrapaTTa 1, kramAMka 10 11; lyuDarsa lisTa oNva brAhmI Iskrizansa, kramAMka 994; ajayamitra zastrI, uparyukta, 1998, pRSTha 74. 25. A muddAnuM vizleSaNa A graMthamAM prakaraNa sAtamAM karyuM che. uparAMta juo gurAsAMI., pRSTha 137-38; sudhAkara, uparyukta, pRSTha 65. 26. juo ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, 1972, pRSTha 69. 27. ejana, pRSTha 114-15. 28. ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, 1998, pRSTha 127. 29. nyusoI, pustaka 24, pRSTha 175; ajayamitra zAstrI, uparyukta, 1998, pRSTha 77. 30. ahamada hasana dAnI, InDiyana peliyoMgrAkSa, oksapharDa, 1963, pRSTha 95. 31. A samagra muddAnI vigate carcA vAste juo raseza jamInadAra, "pazcima bhAratanA be pramukha rAjavaMzoH keTalAka yakSa prazno'; sAmIpya, 1994, pRSTha 25thI 34. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra vistAra ane vahIvaTa (a) rAjyavistAra pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA rAjyano vistAra jANavA kAjenI sAdhanasAmagrI ghaNI maryAdita che. A zAsakonA sikkAnidhinAM prAptisthAna, zilAlekhonAM prAptisthAna ane zilAlekhomAM ulikhita pradeza uparathI temanA kAryapradezanI bhaugolika sImAo nizcita karavAno prayatna thaI zake che. periplasa ane tolamApanI bhUgoLa paNa thoDIka mAhitI saMprApta karI . Ape che. kSaharAta rAjA nahapAnanA samayanA tenA jamAI, putrI ane amAtye kotarAvelA abhilekhonuM mahattva bevaDuM che : (1) hAlanA mahArASTra rAjayanA nAsika ane pUNe jillAmAM sthita guphAomAMthI maLelA abhilekho nahapAnanA rAjayanI dakSiNa sarahadanI mAhitI Ape che. (2) A abhilekhomAM dAnadharmAdAnA saMdarbhamAM nirdiSTa sthaLanAmo tenA rAjyanA anya pradezanI mAhitI saMpaDAvI Ape che. cANana ane rudradAmAnA samayanA kaccha vistAramAM AvelA khAvaDA tAlukAnA AMdhI gAmethI maLI AvelA cha yaSTilekho, khAvaDA najIkathI maLelo bIjo eka yajhilekha ane rApara tAlukAnA mevAsA gAmethI prApta zilAlekha temanA rAjyavistAranI pazcima sarahadanuM sUcana kare che. rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha A vize upayogI prakAza prApta karI Ape che. laharAta kSatrapa rAjyano vistAra nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAM nirdiSTa sthaLo, parvato, nadIo vagerenAM nAmo uparathI temanA rAjayavistArane Adhunika sthaLanAmo vaDe oLakhAvI zakAze. A guphAlekhomAM cikhalapadra, prabhAsa, bharukaccha, dazapura, govardhana, zUrpAraka, suvarNamukha, rAmatIrtha, nAnaMgola, puSkara, karajika, dAhanUkAnagara, kekApura, ujjayinI ane dhenukAkaTa jevAM tItho ane sthaLo; bArNAzA, ibA, pArAdA, damaNa, tApI, karaveNavA, dAhanukA vagere nadIo ane trirazmi tathA velUraka parvatono ullekha che. uparyukta sthaLono pAdanoMdhamAM prastuta karelA paricayathI sUcita thAya che ke nahapAnanA samayamAM kSatraponuM rAjaya uttare ajamera (rAjasthAna) sudhI, pUrvamAM ujjana (mALavA) sudhI, pazcimamAM kaccha ane saurASTra vistAranA amuka samudra kinArA sudhI ane dakSiNamAM dakSiNa gujarAta uparAMta mahArASTranA thANA, nAsika ane pUNe jillAo sudhI vistRta haze. (juo nakazo naMbara 1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta nahapAnanA samayanA ATha guphAlekhanAM prAptisthAna paNa upayogI nIvaDe che. AThamAMthI eka lekha junnara guphAno ane bIjo kArle guphAno che, je baMne hAlamAM pUNe jillAmAM sthita che. zeSa cha guphAlekha nAsikamAM che. AthI, kahI zakAya ke hAlanA mahArASTrano ghaNo moTo hisso kSaharAtonA rAjyamAM hovo joIe. 190 nahapAnanA sikkAno eka vipula nidhi jogalathambImAMthI hAtha lAgyo che, je sthaLa hAlanA nAsika zaheranI najIka AveluM che. AthI paNa sUcavAya che ke mahArASTrano vistAra tenA rAjyanI aMtagarta haze. puSkara ane ajameramAMthI paNa nahapAnanA sikkA maLyA che. eTale tenA rAjyamAM hAlanA rAjasthAnano paNa keTaloka vistAra hovo joIe. nahapAnanA samayanA abhilekhomAM nirdiSTa sthaLonA pradeza, puLmAvinA lekhamAM ullikhita gautamIputra zAtakarNinA rAjyanA pradeza ane rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa pradezanA AMtarika mUlyAMkanathI spaSTa thAya che ke kSaharAtonuM rAjya nAsikathI puSkara sudhI vistRta haze. paraMtu kSaharAta vaMzanI sattAne nirmULa karatA e pradezo gautamIputranA rAjyamAM joDAI gayA jaNAya che. rudradAmA 1lAnA samaya sudhI emAMnA uttara vibhAganA pradeza cASTanavaMzI kSatrapoe parata meLavyA, jyAre dakSiNamAM AvelA pradeza. sAtavAhano pAse rahyA evuM sUcavAya che. prastuta vizleSaNathI spaSTa thAya che ke kSaharAta kSatraponuM rAjya nahapAnanA samayamAM uttare puSkara-ajamera(rAjasthAna)sudhI vistareluM hatuM. dakSiNe te cheka nAsika jillA paryaMta vistRta hatuM. hAlanuM samagra gujarAta ane mALavA paNa enA rAjyavistAramAM samAviSTa hovAnuM samajAya che. Ama, kSaharAtonuM rAjya pUrve vidizA (Akara-deza=pUrva mALavA)thI pazcimamAM prAyaH kacchanI pazcima sarahada (nArAyaNa sarovara) sudhI1 vistAra pAmeluM hatuM. cASTanavaMzIya kSatrapono rAjyavistAra A kSatrapakuLonI rAjyasarahadane jANavA vAste rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha ghaNI upayogI mAhitI ApaNane saMpaDAvI Ape che. A zailalekhamAM pUrva-apara-Akara-avanti, anUpa, Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, maru, kaccha, sindhu, sauvIra, kukura, niSAda ane aparAntano ullekha che.. A uparathI sUcita thAya che ke rudradAmAnA samayamAM pazcimI kSatrapa rAjyanA vistA2mAM arthAt emanA bhaugolika sImADAomAM hAlanA rAjasthAnano dakSiNa vistAra, AkhuMya gujarAta, pUrva ane pazcima mALavA tathA dakSiNe narmadA nadI paryaMtanA pradeza samAviSTa hatA (juo nakazo nabaMra traNa) cASTanavaMzIya rAjAonA upalabdha zilAlekhonAM prAptisthAna paNa emanI rAjyanI sarahadamAM hovA saMbhave. cASTana ane rudradAmAnA samayanA AMdhaunA pAMca leikho, mevAsAno eka ajJAtanAmA paNa vivAdAspada lekha, jayadAmAnA pautrano jUnAgaDhano lekha, jIvadAmA 1lAno jUnAgaDhano lekha, rudrasena 1lAno mUlavAsa2no lekha tema ja gaDhAno lekha, lAThIno lekha, rudrasenano devanI morIno lekha, IMTavA, TIMbaravA ane vaDanagaramAMthI prApta mudrAMkalekho ityAdi uparathI anumAnI zakAya ke vartamAna gujarAtanA kaccha ane saurASTranA vistAro tyAre kSatrapa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra 191 rAjyamAM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. uttara gujarAtamAMthI A rAjAono ekeya zilAlekha hAtha lAgyo nathI paNa pUrvApara saMbaMdha uparathI A vistAra paNa emanI rAjyahadamAM samAviSTa haze. kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAnidhinAM prAptisthAna paNa temanI bhaugolika hada jANavA upakAraka nIvaDe che : jUnAgaDha, kaccha, uparakoTa (jUnAgaDha), vasoja (ji.jUnAgaDha), amarAvatI (barAra jillo, madhya pradeza), sonepura (chiMdavADA, madhyapradeza), sevanI (mahArASTra), arvI (vardhA jillo, mahArASTra), chiMdavADA kampaTI (nAgapura jillo), gaudarama (bhopAla jillo), sAMcI (madhya pradeza), sarvANiyA (bAMsavADA jillo, rAjasthAna), karada (satArA jillo, mahArASTra), ziravAla (nAsika jillo, mahArASTra), peTaluripalema (AMdhrapradeza) ane devanI morI (sAbarakAMThA jillo) 15. A badhAM nidhisthAnanA saMdarbhe evuM sUcita thaI zake ke rAjasthAnano keTaloka bhAga, mahArASTranA keTalAka vistAro, madhyapradezano thoDoka bhUbhAga ane sAruMya gujarAta kSatrapa sattA heThaLa hoI zake. Ama, zilAlekhomAM ullikhita pradezo, zilAlekhonAM prAptisthAna ane sikkAnidhinAM upalabdhisthAnanA anusaMdhAne kSatrapa rAjyanI bhaugolika sarahadonI AkRti kaMIka A mujaba hoI zake : pUrvamAM anUpathI pazcimamAM samudrataTa paryata (kaccha, surASTra ane dakSiNa gujarAta), uttaramAM puSkara pradezathI dakSiNamAM narmadA nadI paryata ane tenI dakSiNano (mahArASTra sthita) keTaloka vistAra. (A) rAjyavahIvaTa A rAjAonA sikkAnA abhyAsa uparathI rAnA mahAkSatra ane rANA kSatrapa ema be prakAranA sarvocca vahIvaTI vaDA ke zAsakano khyAla Ave che. ubhayamAM rInA mahAkSatrapa e rAjyasaMcAlanano sarvazreSTha vaDo hato ane rInA kSetra teno uparAja ke yuvarAja prakArano madadanIza (paNa prabhAvaka) zAsaka hato. eka ja rAjAnA AraMbhamAM kSatrapa (yuvarAja) tarIkenA ane pachI tarata ja mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA A bAbatanuM samarthana kare che. sikkAonAM vigatavAra adhyayanathI spaSTa thAya che ke sAmAnyata : kSatrapadra sagIravaya pUrI thatAM prastuta karavAmAM AvatuM haze17. kSatrapa tarIke nImAyelA yuvarAja mahAkSatrapanA avasAna bAda mahAkSatrano adhikAra prApta karatA jovA maLe che. ane tadanusAra sikkA paDAvatA. kSatrapa rAjAonA vahIvaTanI eka lAkSaNiktA e hatI ke mahAkSatrapa ane kSatrapa baMnene nA pada dhAraNa karavAnI tathA baMnene potAnAM nAme sikkA paDAvavAnI sattA hatI. AthI eka sAthe eka ja varSanA eka tarapha mahAkSatranA ane bIjI bAju kSatrapanA sikkA calaNamAM jovA prApta thAya che. rAjAnA guNo rAjataMtrano vaDo rAjA hato. te rAjA mahAkSatranA nAme oLakhAto. rAjapada vaMzaparaMparAgata hatuM; to paNa rAjAmAM vyaktigata keTalAka guNo hovA Avazyaka gaNAtA ema rudradAmAnA zailalekhathI jaNAya che. emAM Adarza rAjAnA guNonuM varNana A mujaba che : rAjA For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zarIre sudRDha hovo joIe. arthAt te vyakti sarakhI laMbAI, pahoLAI ane UMcAIvALo hovo joIe. enI cAla svastha eTale ke dhIra-gaMbhIra hoya. eno kaMTha madhura ane karNapriya hoya. zarIranuM rUpa AkarSaka hoya eTale ke dehasauSThava svarUpavAna hoya. te vIra hoya, zaktizALI hoya. rAjayalakSmIne dhAraNa karavAnI tenAmAM pAtratA hoya. samAjanA badhA varNanA-varganA lokoe tene potAnA rakSaNa mATe pati (rAjA) tarIke cUMTelo hoya. tene sAhityano zokha hoya tema ja sAhityanA vividha prakArathI jJAta hoya. zabda (vyAkaraNa), artha, gAMdharva (saMgIta), nyAya (tarkazAstra), ityAdi mahAvidyAonAM pAraNa, dhAraNa, vijJAna ane prayogamAM zraddhAnvita hoya. ghoDesvArI, gajasvArI ane rathasvArInuM sAruM jJAna hoya. yuddhamAM DhAlatalavArano upayoga karI jANato hoya. te dharmAnurAgI hoya. rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha prazasti prakArano hoI guNAnuvAdana nimitte emAM atizayokti hovAno saMbhava kharo. rudradAmAmAM A badhA guNo haze ja ema paNa na ja kahevAya19. chatAM evuM anumAnI zakAya ke te samaye Adarza rAjavImAM prastuta guNonI apekSA sahajabhAve rahetI haze. rAjadharma girinagaranA rudradAmAnA zailalekhathI A muddA paratve ghaNI upayogI ane upAdeyI mAhitI maLe che : prajAnuM paripAlana rAjAno mukhya dharma ke mukhya nisabata gaNAtAM haze. anna ane pANInI vyavasthA rAjya hastaka haze. khetI vikAsanI javAbadArI paNa rAjayanI haze tenI pratIti to, sudarzana taLAvanA tUTI gayelA baMdhane prajA upara vizeSa karI nAMkhyA vinA rAjayanI tijorInAM nANAMthI samarAvyo tethI, thAya che. AthI, evuM phalita thAya che ke prajopayogIlokakalyANI-kAryo mATe rAjA sadAya jAgRta raheto haze. ApattinA samaye prajAne karaverAmAM rAhata prApta thatI haze. Akhare rAjya to prajA upara ane prajA mATe karavAnuM che. tethI prajA jeTalI sukhI teTalo sukhI rAjA, kaMIka A prakArano rAjadharma A rAjAo apanAvatA hovAnuM jaNAya che. rAjayanI AMtarika salAmatI ane zAMtinI vyavasthA vAste tathA sucAru vahIvaTa kAje rAjA judA judA adhikArIonI nimaNUka karato haze enI mAhitI zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa sacivo ane amAtya uparathI maLe che. rAjayanA rakSaNa mATe tathA rAjyasattAnA vistAra sAru te saMgrAma khelato haze. prajA upara karaverA nAMkhato haze, ane karagrahaNamAM namratA dAkhavato haze. kayAreka prajA pAse veTha karAvato haze ke temanI pAsethI bheTasogAda svIkArato haze. dhAnya utpAdana upara bhAga ane bali tathA mAla upara zulka (jakAta) nAMkhI AvakanAM sAdhano saMprApta thatAM haze. zaraNe AvelAne zaraNa ApavAmAM parAyaNa raheto haze. rAjapada kSatraponI saLaMga vaMzAvalI, emano kAlAnukrama ane sikkAomAM nirdiSTa varSano sUkSma abhyAsa karavAthI rAnapadranI mAhitI ApaNane A mujaba hAthavagI thAya che : sAmotikanA putra For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTrana pachI teno pautra rudradAmA gAdIstha thAya che. rudradAmAne be putro che : dAmajadazrI moTo che ane rudrasiMha nAno. dAmajadazrI rudradAmAno uttarAdhikAra meLave che ane teno rAjyAdhikA2 te pachI laghubaMdhu rudrasiMhane prApta thAya che. rudrasiMha pachI tenA moTAbhAInA be putro satyadAmA ane jIvadAmA anukrame rAjagAdI bhogave che. jIvadAmAno uttarAdhikAra te pachI tenA nAnAkAkA, rudrasiMhanA traNa putro- rudrasena 1lo, saMghadAmA ane dAmasena-pAse kramazaH jAya che. dAmasena pachI e rAjavAraso tenA variSTha agraz2a rudrasena 1lAnA be putro-pRthivISeNa ane dAmajadazrI 2jA-ne maLelo jovo prApta thAya che. rudrasenano anuja (ane dAmasenano agraja) saMghadAmA aputra hoI tenA bIjA anuja dAmasenanA cAra putro -vIradAmA, yazodAmA, vijayasena ane dAmajadazrI-pAse uttarAdhikAra kramazaH gayelo jaNAya che. eTale ke A cAreyamAM agrajaanujanA kramAnusAra rAjyAdhikAra hastagata thayelo joI zakAya che1. prastuta vizleSaNathI anumAnI zakAya ke A rAjavaMzamAM rAjagAdInA uttarAdhikAra mATe A prakAranI koI paraMparA pracalita hovAnuM sUcavAya che : rAjagAdIno vAraso sAmAnyataH vigata rAjAnA anujane maLato. anujono krama kramazaH pUro thayA pachI e vAraso vaLI jyeSTha agraja putrane prApta thato, je anujakrama mujaba hastAMtarita thato paNa kyAreka anujanA abhAve te vAraso sIdho ja jyeSTha putrane prApta thatora. apavAdarUpe kyAreka rAjAne adhikArI anuja hovA chatAMya teno uttarAdhikAra putrane maLelo joI zakAya che, to kyAreka rAjA kSatrapa potAnI icchAnusAra ke prajAnI icchAnusAra e vAraso meLavato jovA maLe che4. kSatrapo mahAkSatrapo sAthe cheka pahelethI rAjya karatA jovA maLatA nathI; paraMtu moTe bhAge mahAkSatrapanAM chellAM varSo daramayAna kSatrapano adhikAra dharAvatA jaNAya che ema paramezvarIlAla guptanuM mAnavuM chepa. krama rAjA mahAkSatrapa amalanI upalI ane nIcalI maryAdA ->> 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. jIvadAmA nahapAna cAna rudradAmA rudrasiMha 1lo 9. 10. rudrasena 1lo 46 para 72 101thI 119 119thI 120 124thI 142 amalanI upalI ane nIcalI maryAdA ? 41thI 45 6 para 121 For Personal & Private Use Only rAjA kSatrapa - bhUmaka nahapAna 193 cAna rudradAmA rudrasena 1lo

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194 bhartudAmA vizvasena kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 11. saMpadAmAM 144thI 145 144 pRthivISeNa 12. dAmasena 145thI 158 1pa4thI 155 ) dAmajadazrI rajo 156thI 160 I vIradAmAM 13. yazodAmAM 1lo 160thI 161 160, 160thI 161 yazodAmA 1lo, vijayasena 14. vijayasena 161thI 172 15. dAmajadazrI 3jo 172thI 177 16. rudrasena rajo 178thI 199 190, 197thI 200 vizvasiMha 17. vizvasiMha 200thI 201 201thI 204 18. bhartudAmA 204thI 220 205thI 206 214thI 226 19. - 226thI 237 rudrasiMha rajo 20. - 237thI 254 yazodAmA rajo 21. - 254thI 270 22. rudrasena 3jo 270thI 302 23. siMhasena 304thI 306 24. rudrasiMha 3jo 310thI 337 uparyukta koSTakanA sUkSma avalokanathI spaSTa thAya che ke kramAMka 12nA apavAda sivAya kyAMya mahAkSatrapanA aMtabhAgamAM kSatrapano adhikAra koIne soMpAyo hovAnuM jovA maLatuM nathI. kramAMka 16mAM mahAkSatrapanA amalanA madhyabhAgathI kSatrapano adhikAra koIne soMpAyo hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. kramAMka 18mAM to mahAkSatrapa ane kSatrapa spaSTataH sAthosAtha joI zakAya che. AthI, paramezvarIlAlanuM uparyukta anumAna nirAdhAra rahe che. ahIM eTaluM jarUra kahI zakAya ke kSatrapapa8 sAmAnyataH sagIra vaya pUrI thatAM ApavAmAM AvatuM haze. sanapadra dhAraNa karanAra kSatrapane sikkA-nirmANa karavAno adhikAra raheto. kSatrapa tarIkenA amalane kAraNe mahAkSatrapane rAjayavahIvaTamAM madada maLatI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa enA uttarAdhikArIne (eTale ke kSatrapapada dhAraNa karanAra yuvarAjane) rAjyavahIvaTanI pUrvatAlIma paNa prApta thatI hatI. AthI kSatrapa rAjA jyAre mahAkSatrapa rAjA tarIkeno hodo dhAraNa karato tyAre rAjayasaMcAlana karavAmAM, pUrva anubhavane kAraNe, ene sArI saraLatA rahetI evo khyAla A paddhati paDache hovAno saMbhava vicArI zakAya. uparAMta bhAvi mahAkSatrapa tarIke enuM nAma prajAmAM pratiSThita thatuM hovAnI hakIkata paNa saMbhave che. pariNAme prajA potAnA bhAvi zAsakanI zaktiothI ane kAryazailIthI saMprajJAta rahetI. TUMkamAM, kSatrapomAM saMyukta rAjyapraNAlinA astitvano khyAla AthI ApaNane avagata thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra rAjabiruda kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanAM biruda pratyeka rAjA anukrame lagabhaga dharAvatA hatA. rAnAnuM biruda baMne prakAranA zAsako mATe prayojAyeluM jovA maLe che. kSatrapane yuvarAja ane mahAkSatrapane mahArAjA tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya. uparAtaM svAmI biruda paNa kayAreka vaparAyeluM joI zakAya che. kSatrapavaMzanA batrIsa puruSomAMthI cASTanakuLanA zarUAtanA pAMca rAjAo", te pachInA kuLano eka binarAjvI pUrvaja, pachInA traNeya kuLanA chae rAjAo A birudadhAraNa karelA jovA prApta thAya che. A bAra puruSonI vigatothI sUcita thAya che ke svAmI biruda sAmAnyataH cASTanakuLanA ane te pachInAM rAjakuLonA zarUAtanA rAjAo mATe prayojAtuM hoya ane anukALamAM e lupta thaI jatuM hoya. rAjavaMzanI lAMbI kArakirdI mAtra cATanakuLanI hoI anya rAjakuLone A bAbata abhipreta jaNAtI nathI. svAmI birudathI khAsa koI viziSTa artha abhipreta hovAnuM sUcita thatuM nathI. sAmAnyataH A biruda rAnA birudanA paryAya tarIke prayojAtuM haze. jo ke jIvadAmAe rAjA na hovA chatAMya svAmI biruda dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. anya rAjAo rAnA ane svAmI e baMne biruda dhAraNa karatA e uparathI svAmIno artha ahIM adhipati Avazyaka rIte rAjA nahIM hovA saMbhave che. kaho ke, svAmI e mAnavAcaka zabda hato. - 195 -- rudrasena 1lAnA gaDhAnA zilAlekhamAM madramuttunuM vizeSaNa pahelaprathamavAra prayojAyeluM jovuM prApta thAya che. A vizeSaNa rudrasena sivAyanA enA badhA purogAmInA saMdarbhamAM vaparAyeluM che, jethI anumAna thaI zake ke mAtra bhUtapUrva mahAkSatrapa rAjAo mATe eno viniyoga thato hovo joIe 1. A rAjavaMzamAM koI paTarANIno ullekha hAthavago thato nathI. tethI abhilekhomAM paTarANI mATenAM biruda jovA maLatAM nathI. vahIvaTI adhikArIo . nahapAnanA samayanA junnaranA guphAlekhamAMthI ane rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAMthI A vize keTalIka jANakArI hAthavagI thAya che : mahAkSatrapanA madadanIza tarIke kSatrapa pharaja bajAvato hato. paraMtu rAjyataMtranA sucAru saMcAlana kAje rAjA amAtyonI nimaNUka karato hato. ayama ane suvizAkha nAmanA be amAtyonI jANakArI prApta thAya che. AmAM ayama vatsa gotrano hato, jyAre suvizAkha pahnava jAtino hato. (ayama nAma bhAratIya jaNAtuM nathI paNa gotra to bhAratIya che. AthI zakya che ke bhAratIya banelo videzI hoya). AthI, phalita thAya che ke zaka jAtinA kSatrapa zAsako bhAratIya tathA videzI baMne jAtinA amAtyonI rAjyavahIvaTamAM nimaNUka karatA hatA. amAtyomAMthI keTalAkanI saciva tarIke varaNI thatI hatI. sacivanA mukhya be prakAra jANavA maLe che : matikSattiva ane rmaSiva. prathama sacivanuM kartavya rAjAne salAha ApavAnuM rahetuM hatuM, jyAre bIjAnuM kArya vahIvaTadAranuM hatuM. rAjA koI mahattvanuM kArya karavAnuM Ayojana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 196 vicAre tyAre tenI tarapheNamAM ke viruddhamAM A baMne sacivo potAnA abhiprAya abhivyakta karatA hatA evuM girinagaranA zailalekhathI sUcavAya che. keTalAka amAtyo prAdezika adhikArIo tarIke pharaja bajAvatA haze. dA.ta. amAtya suvizAkha Anarta-surASTrano vaDo adhikArI hato. evI ja rIte kSatrapa rAjyanA bIjA prAdezika vibhAgo vAsteya bIjA amAtyo nimAtA haze; jenI jo ke koI jANakArI hAthavagI thaI nathI. rAjyavahIvaTamAM prAdezika adhikArIono avAja prabhAvazALI haze evuM sudarzananA samArakAmanA anusaMdhAnathI philam thAya che. zailalekhathI evuM paNa sUcita thAya che ke amAtyo prajAkalyANanI bhAvanAne vareNya kArya samajatA haze, tethI teo abhimAnI nahIM hoya. teo badhA prakAranI AvaData dharAvatA haze ane zAMta tathA saMyamI haze. vahIvaTI vibhAgo nahapAna ane rudradAmAnA lekhothI vahIvaTI vibhAgonI jANakArI prApta thAya che. kSatrapa rAjyamAM aneka viSayono (pradezono) samAveza thato hato; paraMtu enA mukhya vahIvaTI vibhAgo kevA haze ane kayA nAmathI jANItA ke oLakhAtA haze tenI mAhitI upalabdha thatI nathI. Anarta-surASTranuM eka saMyukta vahIvaTI ekama hatuM, jene pUrvakALanA rASTra ane briTizakALanA prAnta sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. prAMtanA vahIvaTa vAste amAtya kakSAnA adhikArIonI nimaNUka thatI haze ema suvizAkhanA udAharaNa uparathI sUcavI zakAya. anUpa, maru, kaccha, siMdhu vagere prAdezika vibhAgo hoya ane enA saMcAlana kAje prAdezika vaDAo nimyA hoya evuM anumAna thaI zake, jyAre Akara-avantino vistAra kendranA sIdhA vahIvaTa heThaLa haze; kema ke pATanagaranI copAsano te vistAra hato. nahapAnanA eka guphAlekhamAM pUrAhAra evo ullekha che. AthI anumAnI zakAya ke rASTrathI nAnuM vahIvaTI ekama AhAra (=jillo) kakSAnuM haze. A sivAya A kakSAnAM bIjAM ekamano sIdho ullekha prApta thato nathI. paNa uSavadAttanA guphAlekhomAM nirdiSTa sthaLo -govardhana, prabhAsa, bharukaccha, dazapura, puSkara, zUrparaka vagere- paikI keTalAMka sthaLa AhAranAM mathako hovA saMbhave che. AhAranA peTA vibhAga vAste koI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paNa guphAlekhomAM citkhalapadragrAma, nAnaMgolagrAma, karajikagrAma ane dAhanUkAnagaranA nirdezathI sUcavI zakAya ke rAjyanuM sauthI nAnuM ekama prama ane/athavA nara haze 5. kSatraponA anya abhilekhonAM prApti sthAno paikI keTalAMka rASTra ke AhAranAM vaDA mathako hovA saMbhave, jemAM AMdhau, khAvaDA, mevAsA, gaDhA, mUlavAsara, gUMdA, devanI morI vagereno saMbhava lakSamAM levA jevo gaNI zakAya. prastuta vivaraNa ane vizleSaNathI pazcimI kSatraponA rAjakIya bhaugolika vistAra ane vahIvaTIya abhigamanI ThIka ThIka jANakArI avagata thAya che. khAsa to, tyAre eTale ke pazcimI kSatraponA zAsana daramyAna gujarAtanI bhaugolika sarahado keTalI vistRta hatI teno pAra pamAya che je asAdhAraNa gaNAya; kema ke Aje jene ApaNe gujharAta nAmathI oLakhIe chIe teno vistAra tatkAle keTalo lAMbopahoLo hato te jANavA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra 197 pAdanoMdha 1. itihAsanirUpaNamAM Abhilekhika sAmagrInI upayogitA ghaNI che. paraMtu enI keTalIka maryAdA paNa heya che je vize khAsa dhyAna kheMcAyuM nathI (vigata vAste juo raseza jamInadAranA cAra lekha abhilekha vidyAno vikAsa 1,2,3,4', vIsamI sadInuM bhArataH aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM, saMpAdaka rAmalAla parIkha ane raseza jamInadAra, 1977, pRSTha 1thI 61.) sikkAonI paNa AvI keTalIka maryAdAo che je vize bahu carcA thaI nathI (juo raseza jamInadAra, 'bhAratIya itihAsanA nirUpaNamAM sikkAonI keTalIka maryAdA', svAdhyAya, pustaka 8, aMka 3, pRSTha 352thI 3pa6 ane Dajha dha phAInDa-spoTa oNva kaoNinsa rIalI thro lAITa oNna hisTorikala yaoNgrAphI', joi., pustaka 22, aMka 3, 1973, pRSTha 361thI.) 2. kSatraponA abhilekhonAM prAptisthAna vize juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa eka. 3. A badhAM tIrthono-sthaLono arvAcIna paricaya A pramANe che : cilbalapadra : A sthaLa kapUrAhAramAM AveluM che. nALiyerInA dAnanA saMdarbhamAM A sthaLano nirdeza hoI A vistAra dariyAkinArAno hovo joIe. gujarAtamAM cikhalI nAmanAM doDheka Dajhana gAmo che; jemAMnAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sthita keTalAMka dariyA najIka che. AmAMnuM karyuM cikhalI te sUcita karavuM mukla che. prabhAsapATaNa : AjanA jUnAgaDha jillAnA verAvaLa pAsenuM somanAtha pATaNathI khyAta sthaLa. bharakaccha : vartamAna bharUca. dazapura : hAlanuM maMdasora, gvAliyara jillo, madhyapradeza. govardhana : mahArASTramAM nAsika zahera najIka AveluM hAlanuM govardhanapura. zUrparaka : arvAcIna sopArA, thANA jillo, mahArASTra suvarNamukha : A sthaLa oLakhavuM muzkela che. jo ke nirdiSTa sthaLonA pUrvApara saMbaMdhathI A jagyA paNa mahArASTramAM AvelI hoya. uttarapada muraghathI e sthaLa dariyAkinArA pAse AveluM hoI zake. rAmatIrtha : sopArAmAM (juo zUrpAraka) AveluM rAmakuMDa nAmanuM taLAva (baoNge., pustaka 14, pRSTha 340 ane pustaka 16, pRSTha 572). nAnaMgola : arvAcIna nAragola (uMbaragAma tAluko, valasADa jillo) je saMjANanI uttara-pazcime che kilomITaranA aMtare AveluM che. puSkara : rAjasthAnanA ajameranI pazcime nava kilo mITara dUra AveluM prasiddha tIrtha ane taLAva. karajika : muMbaI-pUNe relave upara karajata nAmanuM sTezana che, je saMbhavataH A karajika hoya. dAhanUkAnagara : arvAcIna dahANuM, thANA jillo, mahArASTra, kekApura : sthaLa oLakhI zakAtuM nathI. ujjayinI : kSiprA nadIne kinAre AveluM vartamAna ujjaina, madhyapradeza. dhanakATa : mahArASTranI guphAonA lekhomAM A sthaLano nirdeza vAraMvAra jovA maLe che. jo ke A sthaLa nizcita rIte oLakhI zakAtuM nathI. 4. A badhI nadIono arvAcIna saMdarbha A mujaba che : bArNAzA : caMbalane maLatI arvAcIna banAsa nadI saMbhave che. bhagavAnalAla A nadIne pAlanapura najIkanI banAsa mAne che (baoNge., pustaka 5, pRSTha 283 ane pustaka 16, pRSTha 633). A nadI For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 je vistAramAMthI pasAra thAya che te vistAra banAsakAMThA tarIke khyAta che. ibA : arvAcIna nadI hovAno mata (ejana, pustaka 16, pRSTha 634). uparavAsamAM ene vaDo kahe che. valasADa jillAmAMthI A nadI vahe che. pAradA : valasADa jillAnA pAraDI najIka vahetI vartamAna pAra nadI. damaNa : damaNa pAsethI vahetI damaNagaMgA nadI. tApI : jANItI tApI nadI. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta karaveNavA : aMbikA nadIne cikhalI najIka maLatI kAverI nadI (dakSiNa bhAratanI khyAta nadI kAverI nahIM). dAhanukA : arvAcIna dahANu pAsane nAnI nadI (mahArASTra). 5. have parvatono arvAcIna paricaya meLavIe. trirazmi : vartamAna nAsika pAse Avelo parvata. velUraka : kArle DuMgaranI taLeTImAM vaheLAMva nAmanuM sthaLa che. guphAlekhanA sthAna uparathI A vihAronA nAma uparathI e kArlonuM pUrvakAlIna nAma hovAnuM sUcavAya che (ei., pustaka 7, pRSTha 59, 62). 6. ie., pustaka 47, 1918, pRSTha 75. 7. AmAM surASTra, kukura, aparAMta, anUpa, Akara ane avanti, RSika, azmaka, mUlaka tathA vidarbhano samAveza thato hoya. Anarta, kaccha, maru, siMdha ane sauvIrano ullekha kSaharAta lekhomAM nathI. 8. gautamIputra zAtakarNi pUrvenA sAtavAhana rAjAonA samayamAM temano rAjyavistAra dhyAnamAM levo. 9. jemAM suraTha, kukura, aparAMta, anUpa, Akara ane avantinA pradezono samAveza. 10. jemAM RSika, azmaka, mUlaka, vidarbha ane dakSiNanA keTalAka bhAgono samAveza. 11. AMdhaumAMthI prApta zaka varSa 11nA zilAlekhanA saMdarbhamAM evI aTakaLa thaI che ke cASTana ane nahapAna samakAlIna rAjAo hatA ane baMnee zaka saMvata vAparelo. tema ja kaccha cASTananA tAbAmAM ane te sivAyanuM gujarAta nahapAna pAse. jo ke A aTakaLa taddana nirAdhAra che. 12. A badhAM sthaLonAM vistRta paricaya mATe juo 13. juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa eka. gurAsAMi., graMtha 1, prakaraNa 10 ane 11. 14. kema ke mANasAmAMthI kSatraponA thoDA sikkA hAtha lAgyA che (juo raseza jamInadAra, 'mANasAmAMthI upalabdha pazcimI kSatrapanA be aprasiddha sikkA', vidyApITha, saLaMga aMka 189, 1994, pRSTha 1thI 4; 'mANasAmAMthI prApta kSatraponA be aprasiddha sikkA', sAmIpTa, 1996, pRSTha 34thI 39 ane 'ena aprejhala rejhayuma oNva dha vesTarna kSatrapa DinasTi ina lAITa oNva phora mora kaoNinsa phAunDa phraoNma mANasA ina gujarAta', paMcAla, kAnapura, 1998, graMtha 11, pRSTha 71thI 81. uparAMta vaDanagaramAMthI eka mudrAMka paNa maLyuM che (juo pariziSTa eka, kramAMka 33). 15. juo pariziSTa traNa. 16. narmadAnI dakSiNe AvelAM sthaLavizeSathI kSatraponA sikkAnidhi hAtha lAgyA che. e bAbata sAmAnyataH asAdhAraNa jaNAya che. A uparathI tema ja cASTana-rudradAmAe sAtavAhano pAsethI gumAvelA pradezo pAchA meLavyA hatA te hakIkatane dhyAnamAM letAM kSatraponuM zAsana te te vistAro upara pravartatuM hoya evuM anumAna thaI zake. 17. A vize A ja prakaraNamAM juo have pachIno muddo : rAjapada. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa agiyAra 199 18. A badhA guNonA saMbaMdhita udAharaNa vAste juo rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAMthI paMktio 9, 13-15 ane vizeSa mAhitI mATe juo A graMthanuM prakaraNa agiyAra, pariziSTa daza. 19. paNa A zailalekhane AdhAre upasatuM enAM caritra ane cAritryathI evuM sUcita thaI zake ke enAmAM AmAMnA ghaNAM lakSaNo hovAM joIe. enI kArakirdInI jhAMkhI karAvatuM lakhANa mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa 7mAM rudradAmA aMgenuM varNana. 20. saMbaMdhita udAharaNo mATe zailalekhomAMnI A paMktio juo 10, 12, 14-16. 21. vAgue., pRSTha 49-50; privaeNmyubu, aMka 3-4, pRSTha 51. 22. dA.ta. rudradAmA 1lAno uttarAdhikAra enA jyeSTha putra dAmajadazrI 1lAne; rudrasena rajAno rAjyAdhikA2 enA jyeSThaputra vizvasiMhane; bhartRdAmAno uttarAdhikAra enA putra vizvasenane. A aMgenuM vigatavA2 vizleSaNa vAste juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa sAta ane AThamAM saMbaMdhita vivaraNa. 23. dA.ta. rudrasena 1lAno putra pRthivISeNa. (juo prakaraNa sAta). 24. sarakhAvo : svayamadhigata mahAkSatrapanAnA......ane sarjAvapnamiAya rakSArtha patitva vRttena......... 25. privaeNmyubu., naMbara 3-4, pRSTha 50-51. 26. cASTanakuLanA pAMceya rAonA sikkA upara A biruda nirdiSTa thayeluM jovA maLatuM nathI; paraMtu emanA zilAlekhomAM teno prayoga thayo che. 27. svAmI jIvadAmAno putra rudrasiMha ane teno putra yazodAmA zarUAtanA rAjAo hovA chatAMya A biruda cAlu rAkhyuM nathI. e ghaTanAne apavAdarUpa gaNAvI zakAya. 28. juo prakaraNa chuM, nahapAnanAM viSuvovALuM lakhANa. 29. sarakhAvA : viSayALAM patinA...... (girinagara zailalekha). 30. satyazrAva svAmIne yuvarAjJanA paryAya tarIke gaNavAnuM maMtavya prastuta kare che (juo zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 94). satyazrAvanuM sUcana svIkArya eTalA mATe rahetuM nathI kema ke svAmI zabda mahAkSatrapa ane kSatrapa baMne vAste prayojAyo che. eka jagyAe eno prayoga sAmAnya mANasa (rAjA mATe nahIM) mATe zyo che (dA.ta. jIvadAmA). 31. paraMtu zalpadrumamAM A zabdanA je bhAvArtha ApelA che te uparathI AvI aTakaLa eka prakAre sAhasa gaNAya. saMbhava che ke bhadramudyu e mAnavAcaka zabda hoya ane rAjA potAne mATe A biruda prayojato ke upayogato na hato, mAtra purogAmIo-pachI te videha hoya ke vidyamAna-vAste prayojato. svAmInI jema eno prayoga vizeSa rucikara jaNAya che. 32. nahapAnanA jamAI uSavadAtte (je zaka jAtino hato) aneka sthaLoe dAna ApyAM hatAM, te sthaLono te prAyaH sUbo hoya evI aTakaLa vyakta thaI che (juoH repsana, keTalaoNga, phakaro 31 ane 90; sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, zaksa ina inDiyA, pRSTha 39-40 ane eiyu, pRSTha 181-82). paraMtu nahapAnanA lekhomAM kyAMya uSavadAtta vize A prakArano nirdeza nathI, jyAre ayama vize spaSTa che. eTale uSavadAtta nahapAnano sUbo hoya te aTakaLa yogya jaNAtI nathI. 33. prAyaH mukhya vahIvaTI vibhAgane rASTra tarIke oLakhatA haze. mauryakAlIna rASTriya zabda tathA rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM Anarta-surASTra mATe thayelo bahuvacanano prayoga A aTakaLane samarthana bakSe che. 34. mauryakALamAM A adhikArIne ahIM rASTri tarIke; guptakALamAM jotA tarIke ane anumaitrakakALamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rASTrapati tarIke oLakhatA; paraMtu kSatrapakAla daramiya A hodA vAste kayo viziSTa zabda prayojAto haze te jANavuM prApta thatuM nathI. 35. devanI morInA bauddhatUpamAMthI maLelA asthipAtralekhamAM jhAtipathvI ane parAntipIno ullekha thayelo hoI uparyukta sUcanane samarthana maLe ema sUcita thAya. paraMtu prastuta pATha ane teno artha saMdigdha jaNAya che. mirAzIe have pratipAdita karyuM che ke A zabda pargha nathI paNa pI che (vizvezvarAnaMda inDolaoNjikala rIsarca jarnala, pustaka 3, naMbara 1, pRSTha 101-102). tethI jo ke A uparathI koI samarthana hAthavaguM thatuM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhAga cAra purAvazeSo ane abhilekho : vizleSaNa prakaraNa bAra prakaraNa tera prakaraNa cauda pariziSTa nava pariziSTa daza mahattvanA purAvazeSonAM avalokana : sikkAonI sarvagrAhI samIkSA keTalAka abhilekhonuM vizleSaNa : 00 : sikkA uparanAM lakhANa : brAhmaNImAM ane devanAgarImAM keTalAka abhilekhonA pATha 0:0 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra mahattvanA purAvazeSonAM avalokana sAmudrika purAvazeSa AjanA vizvamAM mAnavetihAsane zakyataH pAradarzaka pariprekSyamAM samajavAmAM dravya ke padArtha, kaho ke purAvastunAM adhyayana-anveSaNane vadhu vizvanIya gaNavAmAM Ave che. AthI, pUrvakAlIna sthaLone, imAratone ke evI bhautika sAmagrIne zodhavAnuM, tenI parIkSA karavAnuM, je te sthaLe sthita ke astitva dharAvatA padArthanuM ke saMprApta thatI bhautika sAmagrInuM tenA parighamAM AvatI naisargika paristhiti sAthe enA anubaMdhane anusaravAnuM ane tenA AdhAre je te sthaLa ke pradeza ke dezanAM saMskRti ane itihAsane arthaghaTita karI AlekhavAnuM, vizvanA anya vibhAgonA evA bhautika padArtha sAthe saMlagnita karavAnuM ke anubaMdhita karavAnuM kArya sAdhIne samagra mAnavapravRttinA kAlacakranI kAryazailInI vividhatAno abhyAsa karI prApta thatA jJAnanI carcA karI tenA pariNAmane sAMskRtika itihAsanA parimANamAM DhALIne prajA pratyakSa karavAnuM kArya je prakriyAthI ke paddhatithI thAya che tene purAvastuvidyA kahIe chIe. A vidyA sAthe kAryarata karmazIlone ApaNe purAvidothI oLakhIe chIe. paNa temanI saMkhyA ati maryAdita che ane kAryaphalaka ati vistRta. tethI ApaNA AvA sAMskRtika vArasA ane vaibhavane surakSita rAkhavA miSe prajAkIya sahayoga ane sahabhAgitA anivArya ane Avazyaka che. sAmAnyataH adyApi purAvastukIya utpanano jamIna upara thatAM rahyAM che; paraMtu eMsInA dAyakAthI pANI aMtargata daTAyelI cIjavastuonAM utnanananI dizA udghATita thaI che. ghaNIvAra purAvastuvidyAne jamInamAM daTAyelAM nagara ane saMskRtinAM hADapiMjaranI paoNsTamaoNrTama prakriyA tarIke khoTI rIte oLakhAvAI che, tevI gerasamajaNamAMthI mukta thavAnI jarUra che. purAvastukIya pravRttio kevaLa ukhanana pUratI sImita rAkhavAnI jarUra nathI. hakIkate teno viniyoga saMskRtidarzana vAste thavo joIe. purAvastukIya anveSaNa vyApaka parimANI che ane vaizvika tathA prAdezika ghaTanAkramone samajavAmAM tathA mAnavajIvananAM ane saMskRtionA vaLAMkanAM ke pravAhonAM rahasyane vyAkhyAyita kare che. AthI, purAvastukIya purAvAone samudranA taLIethI zodhI kADhavAnuM abhiyAna ApaNe gaI sadInA aMtima caraNathI amalI banAvyuM che. jo ke Adhunika ane pazcimI gaNAtI prastuta pravRttinI spaSTa vibhAvanA ApaNI sAMskArika paraMparAmAM nihita che : nAvA na kSodaH pradizaH pRthivyAH / madhumane parAyAM madhumapunarIyanam II (Rgvada, 10.24.6) arthAta pRthvInA badhA ja bhUbhAge ApaNAM vahANo haMkAravAM ane videza javuM tathA parata AvavuM e ubhaya prakriyA AnaMdadAyaka che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta Ama, ApaNAM vahANa RgvedIya samayathI sAta samuMdara kheDatAM hatAM ane tethI akasmAte vahANonI jaLasamAdhi thatI rahetI hovAnI ghaTanA vAstavika gaNavI rahI. A kAraNe sAmudrika purAvastunAM anveSaNa ApaNI saMskRtinI keTalIka anabhijJa ghaTanAone pratyakSa kare che. hindI mahAsAgaramAM ane (kahevAtA) arabI samudramAM, AthI, A pravRttinuM vyUhAtmaka mahattva avagaNavA jevuM nathI. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke vedayugIna saMskRtinA samayathI ogaNIsamI sadInA aMta paryaMta vahANo bAMdhavAnI pravRtti, dariyAI vepAra-vANijya ane saMskRtinAM AMtarakAryanA itihAsane Alekhita karavA samudrIya ke jalIya purAvastukIya anveSaNa hAtha dharavAM e samayano takAjo che ane A paDakArane sakSama netRtva pUruM pADyuM che vikhyAta purAvida zikArIpura raMganAtha rAve. to enI bhUmigata asaronAM anveSaNanI sakSama pravRtti hAtha dharI che vikhyAta purAvida svarAja prakAza guptAe'. kAmareja 204 tApI nadInA DAbA kAMThe surata jillAmAM kAmareja gAma AveluM che ane arabI samudranA najIkanA vistAramAM kAmareja tAlukAnuM A gAma sAmudrika vepAra-vANijyathI kSatrapakALa daramyAna samRddha baMdara tarIke kAryarata hatuM. sthaLatapAsa ane khodakAmathI prApta avazeSoe darzAvI ApyuM che ke IsvInA AraMbhanAM varSo daramyAna kAmareja audyogika kendra ane vepArI-baMdara tarIke dhamadhamatuM hatuM ane videzo sAthenAM vepAra-vANijiyaka saMbaMdho eNe rAtA samudra ane IrAnI akhAta vistAra mAraphate sudRDha banAvyA hatA. ahIM, tyAre lohakArya, zaMkha hunnara, maNakA banAvavA jevI pravRtti purabahAramAM cAlatI hatI. suratanA relave sTezanathI Azare vIsa kilomITaranA aMtare tApI nadInA uparavAse kAmareja AveluM che. tApI nadI kAmareja pAse ekadama vaLAMka le che ane tyAM kAdavIya karADa(ke khaDaka)mAM purAvastukIya sAmagrI anAmata rahelI hatI. kAmarejanI lokavastInI najIkamAM vhoTa nAmathI oLakhAto eka Tekaro che. paraMparA mujaba kAmarejano A Tekaro 'kAmAvatI nagarI'thI oLakhAto hato. tApIpurANamAM A vize nirdeza che. periplasa(phakaro 43)mAM kAmarejanA astitvano ullekha che. tolamAyanI bhUgoLamAM paNa kAmarejano nirdeza jovA maLe che. tApI nadInA khADIya vistAramAM kAmareja AveluM che'. ahIMthI AdhaitihAsika yuganA ane aitihAsika yuganA AraMbhanA samayanA vasAhatI bhAta darzAvatA avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che. paraMtu ApaNe ahIM kSatrapakALa daramyAnanA purAvazeSonI samIkSA karIzuM. A sthaLe utkhanana prAthamika tabakkAnuM thayuM che ane vyApaka stare enuM khodakAma thayuM nathI. paraMtu je kaMI purAvazeSo hAtha lAgyA che te uparathI A sthaLanA prakAra ane pravRttino khyAla prApta thAya che. ahIMthI prApta ThIMkarAM, mAnavakRta cIjo, vanaspatija vastuo ane imAratI avazeSo A sthaLanA lokonA bhautika jIvana ane emanI vasAhatanA kAlAnukramanI samajaNa saMpaDAvI Ape che. A badhA avazeSothI prAthamika pariNAma evuM sUcita kare che ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra 205 kAmarejano abhyadaya IsvIpUrva ane IsvIsananA saMdhikALe thayo hovo joIe; khAsa karIne kSatrapakAla daramyAna sthApatyakIya ane vANijiyaka pravRttio purabahAramAM cAlatI hatI. AthI, e paNa sUcavAya che ke kAmareja pUrvakAlamAM eka baMdara hatuM ane dariyA pAranA saMbaMdhothI saMlagnita hatuM, kema ke videzI mATIkAmanA namUnA ahIMthI hAtha lAgyA che. dA.ta. vAsaNano kAMThalo ane hAtho, jeno AkAra emphorA jevo che. cakacakti vAsaNanA namUnA saMbhavataH parziyAI akhAtamAMthI AyAta karyA hoya. kAmareja saMkhyAtIta cIjavastuonuM utpAdana kendra hatuM : zaMkhanI baMgaDIo, kAca ane paththaranA maNakA, vizALa pAyA uparanuM mATIkAma ane lokhaMDakAmanI vastuonuM utpAdana ahIM thatuM hatuM. dorA-dhAgA jevA namUnA kApaDa udyoganAM dyotaka jaNAya che. moTI koThIo nirmANa karavAnI bhaThThI hatI. kapAsa ane anAjanA bhaMDAra daTAyA hovAnuM zodhI zakAyuM che jeno ullekha periplasamAM che. moTA pramANamAM lokhaMDanA kiTAonI upalabdhi luhArakAryano nirdeza kare che ane periplase to evo nirdeza karyo che ke lokhaMDanI nikAsa rAtA samudranA pradezomAM thatI hatI. A badhAthI sUcita thAya che ke kAmareja baMdarethI dariyA pAranA dezo sAthe vepArI saMbaMdho hatA. pANInA tarApA jevA namUnA hAtha lAgyA che paNa vahANanA namUnA maLyA nathI. rAtAM cakacakti mATInAM vAsaNo ahIMthI maLyAM che. dA.ta. vATakA, DAMgaranA bhUsAthI ghaDAyeluM bhUkha-kALuM vAsaNa vagere. maNakAonuM vaividhya dhyAnArya che. A mANakAo moTA pAye nikAsa thatA hatA. akIkanA maNakA paNa ahIM taiyAra thatA hatA. pakvamRtikAnA namUnAmAM naLiyAM, trAka ane nAnI mUrtiono samAveza thAya che. viSNunI pASANapratibhA noMdhapAtra gaNAya che. kSatrapa samayanA tAMbAnA be sikkA paNa maLyA che jenA upara brAhmImAM lakhANa che. kAmarejamAMthI mATIkAmanA je namUnA maLyA che temAM rAtAM cakacakti vAsaNo, sAdAM rAtAM vAsaNo, barachaTa rAtAM vAsaNo, ghasIne cakacakti karelAM lohita vAsaNo, kALAM vAsaNo, citrita vAsaNo, kAcanA jevAM opavALAM vAsaNono samAveza thAya che. A badhAM vAsaNono samayapaTa IsvIpUrvanI pahelI sadIthI IsvInI 10mI sadI sudhI vistRta che paNa moTA bhAganAM mATInAM vAsaNo kSatrapa samayanAM jaNAyAM che. - kAmarejamAMthI je purAtana avazeSo maLyA che temAM paththaranA namUnA, uparatnanA namUnA, kAcanA namUnA, zaMkhanI banAvaTo, tAMbuM-lokhaMDa-sIsuMnA namUnA ane pakavelI mATInI cIja vastuono samAveza thAya che. pASANa namUnAmAM devImUrti, viSNamUrti darzAvatI taktI, mAnavAkRti; uparatnanA namUnAmAM vividha AkAranA maNakA; pakavelI mATInA namUnAmAM mAnavAkRtino mAthArAthavinAno namUno, mAnavAkRti, jJAnI mUrti likhita tUTelI mUrti, ramatavIra, vividha prakAranA maNakA, ramakaDuM, bola, baMgaDI, hAtho vagere; kAcanA namUnAmAM maNakA vividha prakAranI baMgaDI vagere; zaMkhanA namUnAmAM baMgaDInA prakAra; dhAtunA namUnAmAM maNakA, sikkA vagere hAtha lAgyA che. kAmareja ane AsapAsanA vistAramAM lokhaMDa udyoganI pravRttino ullekha darzAvatI cIjavastuo hAthalAgI che tethI lokhaMDakAryanA AMtararASTrIya vepAranI lAkSaNika tasavIra prApta For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta thAya che. A bAbate kAmareja dhyAnAkarSaka rahyuM che. A mahattva darzAvatI moTI saMkhyAmAM prApta lokhaMDanA khIlA ane anya cIjo hAtha lAgI che. A namUnA kSatrapakAlanA che. Ama, A sthaLanA prAraMbhika utpananakAryanA ahevAlothI eTaluM spaSTa rIte sUcavAya che ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna kAmareja pazcima bhAratanuM bIjuM baMdara hatuM, khetI AdhArita samRddha zahera hatuM, lokhaMDanA udyoganI nagarI hatI, maNakA-mUrti-baMgaDI jevI cIjavastuo banAvavAnuM mukhya kendra hatuM ane sahuthI vizeSa to AMtararASTrIya vepAra-vANijayanuM agraNI kendra hatuM. saMjANa : pArasIonuM pAyataSTha IrAnanA islAmI zAsakanA trAsathI kaMTALIne jarathuSTrI nirAzritonuM eka jUtha IsvInI sAtamI sadImAM deza choDIne kAyama mATe bhAratane vatana banAvavA saMjANa baMdare AvyuM hovAnI eka paraMparA jANItI che. pArasIono koI likhita dastAvejI itihAsa nathI; mAtra IsvI 1600mAM lakhAyelI phArasI kavitA "kisse-I-saMjANa" ardha-itihAsI dastAveja che. A kavitA pArasI mobeda dastUra bomana kaeNkobAde racI hatI. ApaNe jANIe chIe tema paraMparA mujaba saMjANa baMdare utarelA pArasIo sthAnika zAsaka sAthe karArabaddha thayA ke AzrayanA badale teo sthAnika rItarivAjane anusaraze. hakIkatamAM A sthaLa pArasIoe nirmANa kareluM ane emanuM prathama devasthAna ahIM racAyuM. IrAnamAMnA A ja nAmanA zaheranI smRtimAM potAnA prathama nivAsasthAnane temaNe saMgAthI pratiSThita karyuM. Azare IsvI 1393thI 140pa daramyAna sulatAna mohammadanA lazkare saMjANa kabaje karyuM tyAM sudhImAM to teo samagra gujarAtamAM vasAhatI thaI gayA hatA. IsvI 2001mAM sthaLatapAsa dvArA A sthaLanI purAtana vasAhata oLakhI zakAI hatI. valasADa jillAnA umaragAMva tAlukAmAM varolI nadInA uttara kinAre A sthaLa AveluM che. paraMtu ahIM ukhananakArya 2002 ane 2003mAM thayeluM. AthI, ahIMthI ghaNA badhA purAvazeSo ane mATIkAmanA namUnA hAtha lAgyA hatA. paraMtu moTA bhAganA avazeSo 8mI-10mI sadInA che. khodakAmathI cAra staranI jANakArI prApta thaI. AmAMthI bIjA naMbaranA staramAMthI sikkA ane maNakAnA namUnA maLI AvyA che. Ama to, ahIMthI badhA maLIne 1200 jeTalA purAvazeSa hAtha lAgyA che jemAM 427 maNakA che, kAcanA 282 namUnA che ane 32 sikkAno samAveza thAya che. sikkAnA AdhAre ahIMnI vasAhata teramI sadI pachInI nathI. saMjANamAMthI prApta sikkA rajI sadIthI 11mI sadI sudhInA hovAnuM jaNAya che. AmAMthI kSatrapa sikkAonI ApaNe noMdha laIzuM. AmAMthI phakta agiyAra sikkAono abhyAsa thaI zakyo che, kema ke zeSa sikkA sArI hAlatamAM nathI. AmAMthI cAMdInA cAra sikkA evA che jenA upara hAthI ane siMhanI zobhAtmaka AkRti che ane je IsvIsananI pahelI-bIjI sadInI che. tAMbAnA sikkA abhyAsa thaI zake evA nathI paNa sAdhakabAdhaka purAvAthI te 1lI-rajI sadInA hovA joIe. hAthI-siMhanI AkRtivALA sikkA sAtavAhana rAjAonA hovAnuM sUcAvayuM che. sikkAothI eTaluM puravAra thAya che ke pArasIonAM A sthaLe Agama pUrve ahIM lagabhaga rajI sadIthI vasavATaprakriyA astitvamAM hatI. AnA samarthanamAM Abhilekhika purAvo sahAyarUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra 207 bane che. saMjANanI pAsenuM vartamAna nAragola gAma e kSaharAta rAjA nahapAnanA nAsikaguphAnA lekhamAM nirdiSTa nAnota hoI zake. zilAlekhamAM ema paNa noMdhyuM che ke rAjAe batrIsa hajAra nALiyera choDa ropyA hatA. pazcimano ApaNo dariyA kinAro nALiyeranA vepAra mATe jANIto hato. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke IsvInI prAraMbhanI sadIo daramyAna vepAra-vANijyano vikAsa dhyAnAha hato. periplase paNa pazcima kinArAnAM bhAtIgaLa varNana karyA che. Ama, pArasIonA saMjANamAM Agamana pUrve ahIM kSatrapALa daramyAna dhyAnA vANijiyaka pravRtti thatI hatI. hAthaba jenuM pUrvakAlIna nAma dastavapra che ane maitrAkavaMzI rAjA dhruvasena 1lAnA tAmrapatrazAsanamAM hastavaprano je nirdeza che te vartamAne hAthaba tarIke oLakhAya che. IsvInI pahelI sadInI kALI mATInI mudrAMkamAM bAhmImAM svAmI saMdhAmana dastAvaDdhI rIjhane lakhANa che te mudrAMka paNa hAthabamAMthI hAtha lAgI che. bhAvanagara jillAmAM ghoghA pAsenI malezvarI nadInA vahaLAkAMThe hAthaba gAma AveluM che; vartamAna bhAvanagarathI dakSiNamAM covIsa kilomITaranA aMtare. periplasamAM rasta>> evo nirdeza paNa hAthaba saMdarbhe hovAnuM sUcavAya che. hAthabamAM daTAyelA nagaranA avazeSonuM astitva sUcita kare che ke ahIM IsvIpUrva cothI sadIthI IsvInI chaThThI sudhI mAnavavasAhata hatI ane mAnavapravRttio thatI rahetI. AthI, kSatrapakAla daramyAna paNa ahIM vasAhata ane pravRtti hovAM joIe. ahIM je khodakArya thayuM che temAM traNa samayanI saMskRtionAM eMdhANa hAthavagAM thayAM che : (1) mauryakALa (IsvIpUrva 4thI thI IsvIpUrva 1lI sadI), (2) kSatrapakAla (IsvI 1lI thI 4thI sadI) ane (3) maitrakakALa (IsvInI pAMcamI-chaThThI sadI). ApaNe phakta kSatrapAla saMdarbhe ukhanita ahevAlanI vigata tapAsIzuM. hAthabamAMthI khodakAma daramyAna mukhyatve rAtAM cakacakti vAsaNo, barachaTa bhUkharAM vAsaNo, sAdA bhUkharAM vAsaNo, suzobhita ane lakhANayukta vAsaNo hAtha lAgyAM che. bhUmadhya samudranA vistAramAMthI AvelA emphorAnA TukaDA maLyA che. gharavaparAza ane dhArmika vidhimAM upayogI evAM lokhaMDanAM vAsaNo A samayanI vizeSatA che. loko paththaranAM goLAkAra gharomAM rahetA hatA. laMbacorasa IMTothI banelAM gharo hAtha lAgyAM che. ahIMthI maLelo kAdavImATIno killo dhyAnArDa che. enI laMbAI 6.30 mITaranI che. killo khAIthI rakSita che je daza mITara pahoLI ane be mITara UMDI che. khAInA vistAromAMthI hAtha lAgelI taLiyA vinAnI jALa(zoSavAsaNa)nA namUnA darzAve che ke gaMdA pANInA nikAlanI vyavasthA paddhatisaranI hatI. lokhaMDanAM ojAromAM cappAM, bANanAM phaLa, khaMjarano samAveza thAya che je rakSaNa mATenAM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. A ojAro khAImAMthI hAtha lAgyAM che. Azare hajAreka jeTalA sikkA khAImAMthI maLyA che jemAMnA thoDAka upara trikUTa parvata, nadIsUcaka rekhA ane sUrya-caMdranAM cihna upasAvelAM che. A sikkAnA eka bhAge uttarAMga paNa che. A sikkA kSatrapavaMzanA hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya che. prastuta khodakAma daramiyAna IsvInI pahelI-bIjI sadInI vAvanAM nizAna maLyAM che. ardhagoLAkAra caitya prakAranI A vAva IMTarI che. pravezadvAra sAMkaDuM che ane paththaranAM pagathiyAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pahoLAM che. sthApatyakIya jamIna-plAna noMdhapAtra che. kUvAnI eka bAjue paththaramAM kaMDArelo kAcaba che. saMbhavataH viSNupUjA sAthe vAva saMlagnita hoya. vAvanI najIkamAM paththaranI eka kuMDI che jemAM pANI bharavAmAM AvatuM. A vAva khAInI khUba ja najIka AvelI che. vAvamAMthI je avazeSo maLyA che temAM zaMkha, pakvamRttikAnuM kamaLa, citrita sikkA, rAtAM cakacakti vAsaNo, rAtAM vAsaNAM, emphorAnA hAthA, suzobhita hAthIdAMtano meDala samAviSTa che. 208 A uparAMta kSatrapakAlIna evA be kUvA maLyA che, jeno vyAsa doDha mITarano che. kUvA pakavelI IMTothI banelA che. Azare sAta mITaranI UMDAIethI DhagalAbaMdha anAjachoDAM hAtha lAgyAM che. A uparAMta A samayanA anya avazeSomAM pakavelI mATImAMthI banAvelAM ramakaDAM, emphorA, pakvamRttikAnI mUrtio, mAnatAnI kUMDIo, ramatavIro, zaMkhamAMthI banAvelI baMgaDIo, tAMbAnAM AbhUSaNa, lokhaMDanAM ojAra, suvarNanuM penDanTa ane uparatnonA namUnA maLyA che. ahIMthI prApta sikkAo ahIMnI imAratonA samayAMkanamAM upayogI nIvaDe che. AmAMnA ghaNA sikkA kSatraponA hovAnuM jaNAya che. zaMkhano hunnara hAthabamAM kSatrapa samaye hato. lokhaMDane gALavAno hunnara paNa hato; kema ke lokhaMDanA ghaNA kITA hAtha lAgyA che. ahIMthI upalabdha sonAnI mahora upara A zaheranuM utkIrNa nAma dhyAnArha che. devanI morInA bauddha avazeSo sAbarakAMThA jillAnA bhiloDA tAlukAmAM prasiddha vaiSNavatIrtha zAmaLAjInA parisaramAM mezvo nadInA khINavistAramAM devanI morI gAmanI bhAgoLe AvelA 'bhoja rAjAno Tekaro' nAmathI oLakhAto purAvastuothI sabhara eka TIMbo hato. A TekarAnuM purAvastukIya utkhanana mahArAja sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA upakrame gaI sadInA chaThThA dAyakAnA pUrvArdha daramyAna DaoN.bI.subbArAva ane DaoN. ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetAnA vaDapaNa heThaLa cAra mosama (1960thI 63) sudhI hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. khodakAma daramyAna jema jema purAvastuo upalabdha thatI gaI tema tema tenI vigato sAmayikomAM lekharUpe ane vRttapatromAM samAcArarUpe pragaTa thatI rahelI. utkhananakAryano saMpUrNa adhikRta ahevAla ekSmavezana eTa devanI morI nAmathI 1966mAM prasiddha thayo che. ahIM tenA AdhAre upayogI vigato saMkSepamAM prastuta karI che3. kSatrapakALanA aMta samayanA A avazeSo hovAthI ahIM te rajUAta pAmyA che. prastuta utkhananakArya daramyAna ahIMthI ThIMkarAM, sikkA, zilAlekho ane staracanA hAtha lAgyAM. A badhI sAmagrI A purAvastukIyasthaLano kALanirNaya ka2vAmAM sArI rIte upAdeyI nIvaDI che. AmAM mukhya che mahAstUpa ane mahAvihAranI upalabdhi 4. cAre mosama daramyAna je khodakArya cAlyuM temAMthI vividha prakAra-AkAranAM mATInAM vAsaNonA avazeSo hAtha lAgyA. temAM sAdAM rAtAM vAsaNo, citrita rAtAM vAsaNo, ghasIne cakacakti karelAM kALAM vAsaNo, barachaTa ane aNaghaDa evAM rAtAM ane kALAM vAsaNo, rAtAM suMvALAM vAsaNo, romIya emphorAno samAveza thAya che. A badhAM vAsaNo gRhopayogI hatAM ane ekAdane bAda karatAM badhAM sthAnika utpAdananAM vAsaNo hatAM. A vAsaNomAM vATakA, ghaDA, kUMjA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra 209 koDiyAM, baTerAM, mATalAM, DhAMkaNAM, dhUpiyAM, koThIo, sUrApAtra (emphorA), hAMDI, nALacAM, kAMThalA, vagereno samAveza thAya che. paththaranA padArthomAM nizAtarA, azmaNa, buddhanI pratimAnA TukaDA, thALI, ghaMTI vagere hAtha lAgyAM che. zisTa, grenAITa, kvArTajha, kharatA paththaramAMthI A badhA padArtho nirmANa pAmyA hatA. dhAtunA namUnAomAM (cAMdI, sonuM, tAMbuM, sIsuM, loDhuM vageremAMthI banAvelA) cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikkA, baMgaDInA TukaDA, tAranAM jhUmakhAM, penDanTano samAveza thAya che. lokhaMDanA 372 padArtha hAtha lAgyA che, jemAM 340 to khIlAno samAveza thAya che. zeSamAM bANanAM phaLa, bhAlAnAM phaLa, charIo, khaMjara, vIMTI, dAtaraDuM, pharazI, kodALI, tabeTho, kAtara, AMkaDo vagereno samAveza thAya che. kAcanI vastuomAM bATalIno kAMTho ane vATakAno samAveza thAya che. ahIMthI agaNotera sikkA hAtha lAgyA che jemAMnA ogaNasATha cAMdInA che, cAra cAMdInA opavALA tAMbAnA che, be tAMbAnA che ane cAra sIsAnA che. cAMdInA badhA ja sikkA kSatraponA che, traNa maitrakonA che ane be bhAratIya-sasAniyana che. devanI morInAM sthapatyonI-smArakonI vizeSatA e che ke te badhAM IMTerI che. A bAMdhakAmamAM je IMTono upayoga thayo che te vividha kadanI che, vividha AkAranI che. mukhyatve IMTo laMbacorasa che. moTAmAM moTI IMTanuM mApa che 97X494132 senTarImITara. nAnAmAM nAnI IMTanuM mApa 34416X29 senTImITara che. mahAstUpamAMthI be dAbaDA maLyA che ane te mATInA ghaDAmAM mUkelA hatA. nAno dAbaDo khaDakanA paththarano che. AmAM mAtra rAkha mUkelI che. AnuM DhAMkaNuM tUTeluM che. bIjo dAbaDo moTo che, atyaMta mahattvano che ane traNa bhAgano che : DhAMkyAne pakaDavAnI mUTha, DhAMkyuM ane dAbaDo. zaila-dAbaDAmAM tAMbAnI peTI che tenI aMdara rezamI kApaDanI thelI, sonAnI zIzI ane zArIrI padArtha mUkelA che. dAbaDo bahAranI bAjUe copAsa utkIrNa che. A uparAMta pakavelI mATImAMthI nirmANa pAmelI kalAtmaka AkRtio/padArtho paNa vizeSa dhyAnArha che. AkRtiomAM mAnavInI, prANIonI ane vanaspatinI AkRtiono samAveza thAya che. pakavelI mATImAMthI banAvelI nAnI mUrtio paNa hAtha lAgI che. keTalIka IMTo paNa suzobhita che. paraMtu AmAM bhagavAna buddhanI pratimAo khAsa dhyAnArha che. anya sthApatyakIya avazeSo paNa hAtha lAgyA che5. Ama, devanI morInuM utkhananakArya zilpa, sthApatya, nirmANakaLA, sikkA, lakhANa buddhapratimAo, IMTerI smArako ane mATIkAmanI dRSTie prAk-guptakALanI lalitakaLAnI zailInI dRSTie dhyAnArha che. mahAstUpa ane mahAvihAranA avazeSo kSatrapakAlAnA gujarAtamAM bauddhadharmanA abhyudayanI gavAhI che. sthaLatapAsa ane khodakAmathI prApta sAmagrI 16 purAvastukIya sthaLatapAsa ane utkhananakArya samaye samaye thatAM rahe che. ApaNe ekvIsamI sadInA prAraMbhanAM varSomAM thayelI A aMgenI keTalI pravRttionI saMkSipta jhalaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta avalokI; jemAM mukhyatve (kahevAtA) arabI samudra uparanAM baMdara-nagaro kSatrapakALa daramyAna kaI sthitimAM hatAM tenuM vizleSaNa samAvyuM che. have ApaNe vIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtamAM thayelAM sthaLatapAsa ane utkhananakAryanI pravRttione pariNAme je avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che tenA ahevAlonA AdhAre mAnavapravRttione samajavAno prayatna karIzuM; khAsa karIne kSatrapakAlanAM gAmo ane nagaromAMthI hAthavagI thayelI cIjavastuonA saMdarbhe. mukhyatve mATIkAmanI cIjonA namUnA vizeSa pramANamAM hAtha lAgyA che. uparAMta paththara, dhAtu, hADakAM, zaMkhachipolImAMthI nirmANa thayelI vastuo paNa ThIka ThIka pramANamAM maLI AvI che. mATInI cIjavastuo mATIkAma e ApaNA rASTramAM samaye samaye ane vividha bhUbhAgamAM thatI rahelI prAvRttika paristhiti che. mATIne mAnavI sAthe bhavobhavano saMbaMdha che. kSatrapakAla daramyAna maLelI mATIkAmanI vastuomAM vibhinna AkAra-prakAranAM vAsaNo, mudrAo, mUrtio, maNakA, ramakaDAM vagereno samAveza thAya che. A samayanAM vAsaNomAM sAdAM tema ja ghUMTelAM lAla vAsaNa, sAdAM tema ja ghUMTelAM kALAM vAsaNa, barachaTa svarUpanAM kALAM ane lAla vAsaNa, cItarelAM vAsaNa, lAla opavALAM vAsaNa, sapheda mATInAM vAsaNa, kAcano opa caDAvelAM vAsaNa, romIya koThIo, abarakha chAMTelAM vAsaNa ane suzobhita vAsaNano samAveza thAya che. mATInAM vAsaNo sahuthI vadhu pramANamAM A samayanAM vAsaNo che sAdAM tema ja ghUMTelA lAla vAsaNa; jemAM vADakA, kUMDAM, loTA, ghaDA, mATalAM, koThIo, thALIo, kaleDAMno samAveza thAya che. * sAdAM tema ja ghUMTelAM kALAM vAsaNamAM mATalAM, nAnA ghaDA, kaleDAM vagere vAsaNo banatAM. * kALAM ane lAla barachaTa vAsaNono aMdarano bhAga tema ja kAMTho kALo hoya che ane bahArano bhAga lAla raMgano hoya che. pahoLA moMnI hAMDalI A prakAranAM vAsaNomAM mukhyatve jovA maLe che. * khAsa karIne cItarelAM vAsaNomAM lAla cUMTelAM vAsaNA upara kALA raMge citrakAma kareluM jovA maLe che. AvAM vAsaNo uttara gujarAtamAMthI vadhAre pramANamAM maLe che. cItaravAnI A paddhati kSatrapakAla daramyAna zarU thaI jaNAya che. vaDanagara,nagarA, zAmaLAjI vagere sthaLoethI A prakAranAM vAsaNo maLI AvyAM che. * cItarAmaNanI paripATI sAthosAtha bIbAMthI upasAvelI chApo vaDe ene suzobhita karavAnI paddhati astitvamAM hatI. suzobhita vAsaNo upara rekhAo, phUlo, pazuo ane paMkhIonI AkRti jovI prApta thAya che. * lAla opa caDAvelAM vAsaNo A samayanI vizeSatA che. lAla lIsAM vAsaNothI khyAta A vAsaNomAM lAMbI DokavALAM ane sAMkaDA moMvALA kuMjA jevA ghATanA vAsaNa, vATakA, rakAbI, nAracAMvALA karavaDA ityAdino samAveza thAya che. * romathI AyAta thatAM vAsaNomAM aNIdAra taLiyAvALI ane pakaDavAnAM hAthAvALI koThIono samAveza thAya che. pILAza paDatAM raMgavALI daLadAra koThIonuM moM lAMbuM ane enI DokanI baMne bAjue ene pakaDavAnA hAthA rahetA. nagarA, zAmaLAjI, devanI morI, dhAtavA, valabhIpura, somanAtha, dvArakA, pIMDArA vagere sthaLoethI romIya koThIo upalabdha thaI che. roma sAthenA vepAranA A saMgIna purAvA che. * sapheda mATInAM vAsaNa vaDanagaramAMthI maLyAM che. * For Personal & Private Use Only 210

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prakaraNa bAra 211 kAcano opa caDAvelAM vAsaNo pramANamAM ghaNAM ochAM maLyAM che. * A kAlanA tharomAMthI abarakha chAMTelAM vAsaNo maLyAM che jemAM ghaDA ane hADakAM mukhya che. rojiMdA vaparAzanAM ane bhojanAdi vakhate upayogamAM levAtAM A vAsaNomAM ghaNI vividhatA vartAya che. mATInI ITo mATInAM vAsaNo uparAMta mATImAMthI nirmANa thayelI IMTono bahoLo upayoga kSatrapakALamAM jovA maLe che. A samaye pakavelI IMTo ghaNA pramANamAM taiyAra thatI ane enAM kada sAmAnyataH 46428447thI 92 senTImITaranAM jovA maLe che. IMTono ghATa laMbacorasa hato. jo ke jarUra pramANe ekAda khUNo goLAkAra paNa banAvAto. sthApatyamAM IMTono viniyoga thato hovAnuM boriyA stUpa, IMTavAno vihAra ane devanI morInA mahAvihAra tema ja mahAtUpanA avalokanathI spaSTa thAya che. IMTo sAdI ane suzobhita ema baMne prakAre nirmANa thatI. sauthI vadhu AkarSaka ane suzobhita IMTo devanI morInA bauddhatUpanI che. bAjarI ke DAMgaranAM choDAMnI jarUra pramANe meLavaNI karIne IMTo taiyAra thatI. IMTonAM avalokanathI samajAya che ke kSatrapa samayanA loko IMTo ghaNI sArI rIte pakavatA. makAnanAM chAparAM mATe A kALamAM mATImAMthI banAvelAM naLiyAM noMdhapAtra che. laMbacorasa ghATanAM A naLiyAMnI eka bAjue be kANAM rakhAtAM. A naLiyAM sapATa hatAM. IMTavA, kAmareja, devInI morI jevAM sthaLoethI AvAM naLiyAM hAtha lAgyAM che. IMTonA killA paNa bAMdhavAmAM AvatA. AvA killA zAmaLAjI, zaherA jevAM sthaLoe jovA maLe che. taLAvanI mATInI pALanI upara IMTo pAtharI pALane majabUta banAvavA vAstanA purAvA devanI morI pAsenAM jaLAzayonA abhyAsathI hAtha lAgyA che. pakavyA vinAnI IMTonAM makAna A samaye banatAM hovAnA spaSTa purAvA prApta thayA che. mATInI bhIMta vaDe paDherI makAna baMdhAtAM. mATInI IMTo Ama kalAmaya ane AkarSaka banatI hatI. ramakaDAM ane mUrtio mATImAMthI vividha prakAranAM ramakaDAM ane mUrtio paNa nirmANa thatI hatI, jemAM devadevInI tathA mAnavonI AkRtio, pazuonI AkRtio, lakhoTI, cakaraDI jevI vastuono samAveza thAya che. mATIne hAthathI ghATa ApIne ane bIbAMmAM DhALIne mAnavAkRtio taiyAra thatI hatI. AkRtio AkarSaka banatI. devanI morImAMthI prApta buddha mUrtio sarvottama kakSAnI gaNAvI zakAya. kArIgaroe kevI ucca kakSA prApta karI hatI teno sAro khyAla A buddhamUrtiothI saMpaDAya che. hakIkate, gupto pUrve pazcima bhAratamAM sthApatya ane zilpamAM eka AgavI zailI nirmANa pAmI hatI ane tene kSatrapazailIthI oLakhAvI zakAya. A uparAMta mATInAM ramakaDAM taiyAra thatAM, jemAM goLa lakhoTInuM pramANa savizeSa jovA maLe che. pakavelI A lakhoTIo bALako ramatAM haze. kadAca gophaNamAM teno upayoga thato hovo joIe. uparAMta paiDAM ane cakaraDIo sArA pramANamAM banAvAtAM. paiDAM ThIMkarAMmAthI banAvavAmAM AvatAM. sAmAnyataH tUTelA ghaDA ke mATalAMnAM ThIMkarAMne toDI ene goLa ghATa ApavAmAM Avato ane e rIte paiDAM taiyAra thatAM. mATInI bIjI cIjavastuomAM baLada, hAthI, geMDA, nIlagAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jevAM prANIonA ghATanAM ramakaDAM taiyAra thatAM hatAM. mATInAM paiDAMvALAM ramakaDAM banAvatAM hatAM. nagarAmAMthI maLeluM paiDAMvALuM mATInuM gADuM noMdhapAtra che. zAmaLAjI, nagarA jevA sthaLoethI samacorasa athavA laMbacorasa ghATanI pakavelI mATInI vastuo maLI che. temAM utAravA mATe pagathiyAM che. saMbhavataH mAnatA mATe banAvelAM A taLAva hoI zake. AvAM taLAva devane caDAvavAmAM AvatAM hovAno abhiprAya che. mATInI mudrAo mATImAMthI taiyAra thatI bIjI cIjavastuomAM maNakA mahattvanA che. goLa, pakoNa ke sopArI ghATanA maNakA maLyA che. maNakA kALA ane lAla raMganA che. AvA maNakA judA judA kALanA tharomAMthI maLatA hoI enA AdhAre kALagaNanA thaI zaktI nathI. maNakA uparAMta mATInI mudrAo paNa banatI ane te badhI ghaNI AkarSaka jovA maLe che. nagarA, vaDodarA, TIMbaravA, vaDanagara vagere sthaLoethI te maLI che. mukhyatve te goLAkAra hoya che ane vividha prakAranI hoya che. bIbonI madadathI enA upara chApa pADavAmAM AvatI. mudrAomAMthI keTalIka upara chApa ane keTalIka upara AkRti jovI prApta thAya che. chApavALI mudrAomAM garuDa, ghuvaDa, trizULa, naMdI, phUla vagere samAviSTa hoya che. mATInI dIvIo paNa maLI che. dIvIomAM keTalIka UbhA ghATanI ane keTalIka beThA ghATanI jovA maLe che. zaMkhanI vastuo kSatrapakAla daramyAna zaMkhamAMthI maNakA ane baMgaDI banAvavAno sAro hunnara hato, jenA namUnA prabhAsapATaNa, amarelI, jUnAgaDha, valabhI, vaDanagara, vaDodarA, nagarA, kAmareja, zAmaLAjI jevAM ghaNAM sthaLoethI hAtha lAgyA che. A mATeno kAco mAla dvArakAnA dariyAmAMthI prApta thato hato. zaMkhamAMthI taiyAra thatI baMgaDI sAdI ane suzobhanayukta hatI. baMgaDIne suzobhita karavA vAste lAla raMgathI raMgavAmAM AvatI. baMgaDInA pramANamAM zaMkhanA maNakA ochA hAtha lAgyA che. A maNakA goLa, corasa ane anya ghATanA taiyAra thatA. hADakAMnI cIja hADakAMmAMthI taiyAra thatAM bhAloDA ane aNIo pramANamAM ochAM maLe che. paNa pAsA ane aMjana-zAlAkA jevI hADakAMnI ane hAthIdAMtanI vastuonAM upalabdhi pramANa thoDAM vizeSa jaNAya che. hADakAM ane zIMgaDAMnI kAMsakIo banAvavAno hunnara cAlato hato. paNa dhAtu gALavAnA udyoganA abhyadayathI haDakAMmAMthI je mAraka sAdhano banatAM hatAM te baMdha thayAM. phakta hADakAMnAM prasAdhana tathA ramatanAM sAdhana banAvavAnI pravRtti cAlu rahI. lokhaMDanAM ojAra A dhAtuno vaparAza kSatrapAlamAM vadhyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. lokhaMDa gALavAnAM sAdhana zAmaLAjI tathA devanI morImAMthI maLyAM che. zAmaLajI, vastAna DuMgarI, kapaDavaNaja ane dhAtavA jevAM sthaLoe lokhaMDa gALavAno udyoga vyavasthita rIte saMpanna thayo hato. gALelAM lokhaMDanA avazeSovALI mUsa ane dhamaNanI bhUMgaLI ghaNI mAhitI Ape che. dhAtavAmAMthI maLI AvelA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra lokhaMDa gALavAnA kITA tathA lokhaMDa banAvavAnI kAcI dhAtu sUcita kare che ke te vakhatanA luhAro sthAnika padArthamAMthI lokhaMDa taiyAra karatA. vastAna DuMgarInA lokhaMDanA kITAmAM meMgenIjha ane lokhaMDanAM mizraNa jANavA maLe che, tethI anumAnAyuM che lokhaMDamAM bIjI dhAtuonI meLavaNI karavAnI prakriyAthI kArIgaro jJAta hovAno saMbhava nakArI zakAya tema nathI. 213 lokhaMDanI cIjavastuomAM chINI, bhAloDAM, charI, khIlA, sAMkaLa, tavethA, kAtara vagereno samAveza thAya che. AmAM khIlAnuM prApti-pramANa vadhu hatuM; khAsa karIne goLa mAthAMvALA ane laMbacorasa ghATanA aNIdAra khIlAno vaparAza ghaNo raheto hato; kema ke te saMkhyAtIta kAmamAM upayogAtA hatA. charI AkhA lokhaMDamAMthI taiyAra thatI. uparAMta charIne lAkaDAno hAtho besADAto. bhAloDAMnI pAchaLanI bAjue tIranuM rADuM besADavA kholI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. tAMbAnAM sAdhano lokhaMDane bheja lAgavAthI kATa lAgato jyAre tAMbAnAM ke evI koI bIjI dhAtunAM sAdhanone kATa lAgavAno prazna raheto nahIM. A kAlamAM lokhaMDa sAthe pittaLano upayoga thato hato. dA.ta. zAmaLAjI pAsethI prApta grIka deva eNTalAsanI pratimA. tAMbAnI vastuo paikI DabbIo, aMjanazalAkA, mudrA, valaya, vIMTI vagere hAtha lAgI che. devanI morInA mahAstUpamAMthI maLelI buddhanA avazeSa sAcavatI DabbI upara DhAMkaNa uparathI besADAya tevuM banAvAyuM che. nagarAmAMthI suzobhita DhAMkaNa maLyuM che. dhAtune DhALavAmAM, enA upara kotarakAma karavAmAM, patarAMne TIpIne yogya ghATa ApavAmAM kArIgaranI kuzaLatA noMdhapAtra hatI. A samayanI tAMbAkAMsAnI cIja vastuomAM romIya sAmrAjyamAMthI AvatI vastuono samAveza thato. sIsuM-cAMdIsonuM tAMbAnI sarakhAmaNIe sIsAmAMthI banAvelI vastuonuM upalabdhi pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che. emAM mukhyatve mudrAo ane AbhUSaNono samAveza thAya che. sIsA karatAM cAMdInI cIja pramANamAM ochI maLe che. kSatraponI TaMkazALamAM vaparAyelI cAMdInAM parIkSaNa uparathI eTaluM spaSTa thAya che ke cAMdI videzathI AyAta thatI hatI. sIsA ane cAMdInI sarakhAmaNIe sonAnI vastuo ghaNI ja ochI maLe che. devanI morInA stUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta zailasamudgakanI aMdaranI tAMbAnI dAbaDInI aMdara sonAnI zIzI maLI che. TIMbaramAMthI maLelAM sonAnAM patarAMnAM AbhUSaNo enA uparanI manohara bhAtathI prakhyAta che. paththaranAM ojAra ane vastu mATI ane dhAtumAMthI banatI cIjavastuonA vaparAzathI paththaranI upayogitA ochI thaI na hatI. dhAravALAM ojAra ke/ane zastrano upayoga ghaTI gayo hato paNa paththaranI mUrtio, maNakA, nizA, nizAtarA, ghaMTI, piMDalA, DabbA jevI aneka prakAranI cIjavastuo banAvavAmAM AvatI hatI. taLAvanA bAMdhakAmamAMya paththarano upayoga thato. khaDakamAMthI guphA kaMDAravAmAM AvatI. paththaranA goLa lakhoTA tathA bIjAM ramakaDAM paNa banAvAtAM. kuMbhAranA pIMDalA paththaramAMthI banatA. nizA ane nizAtarA mukhyatve kharatA paththaramAMthI taiyAra thatA. nizAtarA For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 kSasapakAlIna gujarAta laMbagoLa hatA. paraMtu kSatrapakAlanI paththaranI vastuomAM ghaMTInA avazeSa dhyAnArya gaNAya che. ghaMTInA uparanA paDa upara UbhA khIlAne sthAne ADo khIlo ghaMTInA pheravavA vAste mUkvAmAM Avato. zAmaLAjI, valabhI, gopa, nagarA jevA sthaLoe ghaMTInA namUnA maLyA che. A samaya daramyAna paththaronI vastuo mukhyatve ghaDIne taiyAra karavAmAM AvatI. paNa kyAreka DabbA jevI vastu sarANa upara mUkIne suMvALI banAvAtI. devanI morImAMthI prApta pASANamAMthI nirmANa thayelo dAbaDo A prakArano che. akoTAmAMthI maLeluM DhAMkaNa paNa A ja prakAre taiyAra thayeluM jaNAya che. paththaromAMthI maNakA paNa A kALamAM taiyAra thatA hatA. enA dANA goLa ane rAyaNanA phaLanA ghATanA baMne bAjue kinAravALA hatA. paththarano upayoga pharzabaMdI mATeya thato. uparAMta paththaranI mudrAonA namUnA valabhI ane devanI morI jevAM sthaLoethI maLyA che. rakSaNAtmaka pALa paththaramAMthI bAMdhavAmAM AvatI. Ama, paththarano upayoga vipula pramANamAM thato dekhAya che. upasaMhAra kSatrapakAlanAM gAmo ane nagaromAMthI upalabdha thayelI ane thatI rahetI nAnImoTI vastuonAM adhyayanathI evuM sUcavAya che ke A samayanA gujarAtanI samRddhi noMdhapAtra hatI. mATI, vividha dhAtu, zaMkha-chipolI, hADakAM, hAthIdAMta tema ja paththaranA vividha AkAra-prakAranA padArthanA saMkhyAbaMdha purAvA prApta thayA che. kAMsuM, cAMdI, paththaranI vastuo, mATInI koThI jevI sAmagrI romIya sAmrAjayanA pradezomAMthI AyAta thatI hatI. pArevo, sIsuM ane anya padArtha rAjasthAnamAMthI AvatA. vaiDUrya jevA paththara madhya eziyAnA vistAromAMthI AvatA. AyAta thato mAla bharUca, kAmareja, variyAva, coryAsI, valabhI, somanAtha, dvArakA ityAdi baMdare utarato ane tyAMthI dezanA anya bhUbhAgamAM pahoMcato. A samayanAM gAmonuM kada Azare cAra corasa kilomITarathI ochuM rahetuM. akoTA eka kilomITara lAMbuM ane aDadho kilomITara pahoLuM haze. kAmareja be kilomITara lAMbuM ane aDadho kilomITara pahoLuM haze. valabhInI laMbAI paNa be kilomITarathI ochI che. TIMbaravA, dhAtavA, jokhA ghaNAM nAnAM gAma hatAM. A gAmomAM gAya, bheMsa, bakarAM, gheTAM, haraNa, UMTa, nIlagAya, uMdara, noLiyA, kUtarA, maraghAM, cittA, ghoDA, gadheDA, mAchalAM ane kAcabA jevAM prANIo astitva dharAvatAM hatAM. A prANIonAM hADakAM gAmamAMthI hAtha lAgyAM hoI gAmonI AsapAsa ghAsanAM medAna hovAM joIe. arthAt A kAlanAM gAmonI copAsa khetaro, enAthI dUra carANanI jagyA ane enAthI dUra jaMgala vistAranA astitvanI aTakaLa thaI zake. Ama, purAvastuonI upalabdhinAM avalokanathI sUcavAya che ke A kAlanI prajA khetI upara to nirbhara hatI paNa vepAra tema ja udyoga sAthe saMlagnita hatI. A samayanI prajA nAnAM nagaro ane gAmomAM jIvana gujAratI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAra pAdanoMdha 1. A bAbatanI vadhu vigata vAste juo raseza jamInadAranAM keTalAMka lakhANa (1) 'ApaNI saMskRtinI vistaratI kSitijo', gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA 14mA (amadAvAda) jJAnasatra prasaMge mukhya vaktA tarIkenuM vyAkhyAna, 23.6.2006; (2) 'ApaNI saMskRtinI vistaratI kSitijo : avalokita vizleSaNa', phA.gu.sa.ai., pustaka 67 aMka 4 ane pustaka 68, aMka 1, 2002-2003, pRSTha 220thI 229 ane pRSTha 10thI 18-anukrame; (3) 'aitihAsika avazeSonAM saMrakSaNamAM prajAkIya sahayoga', gujarAta dIpotsavI, vi.saM.2057, pRSTha 109thI 115. 215 2. A aMgenA vizeSa vivaraNa vAste juo raseza jamInadAranAM lakhANa : pAdanoMdha 1mAM darzAvyA mujaba kramAMka (1) ane (2) aMkita lekha. 3. ApaNA rASTranA itihAsaprasiddha tIrthasthAna dvArakA nagarInA samudramAM DUbelA avazeSo rAve zodhIne ApaNI saMskRtinAM ghaNAM rahasyo phrUTa karyAM che te dhyAnArha ane prazaMsArha ghaTanA che. A mATe juo zi.2.rAva saMpAdita graMtha marAina ArkiyaoNlojI oNva inDiyana ozanika kanTrijha, govA, 1988. govAmAM A aMgenI eka saMsthA ghaNA samayathI kAryarata che ane jalIya anveSaNo kare che. 4. dilhI sthita senTara phaoNra rIsarca enDa TreIniMga ina hisTarI, ArkiyaoNlaoNjI enDa paeNliyoenviraoNnmenTa' e inDiyana ArkiyaoNlaoNjikala sosAyaTInI eka kAryarata zAkhA che. tenA taraphathI 'inDiyana oNzana ArkiyaoNlaoNjI' vibhAga zarU thayo che. A vibhAga taraphathI thatI rahetI pravRttionAM pariNAma prajApratyakSa thAya evA AzayathI have eka sAmayika zarU karyuM che ane teno pahelo aMka 2004nA prAraMbhe 'jarnala oNva inDiyana ozana ArkiyaoNlaoNjI'nA nAme pragaTa thayo che. sadbhAgye ane akasmAteya A prathama aMkamAMnA lagabhaga badhA ja lekha kAmareja, saMjANa, hAthaba ane khaMbhAtamAMthI prApta baMdarIya avazeSone lagatA che. 2002 ane 2003nAM varSa daramyAna svarAja prakAza guptAnA vaDapaNa heThaLa prastuta saMsthAnA purAvidoe hAtha dharelAM utkhananIya anveSaNonAM pariNAma bahu vigate ane te paNa jarUrI evA Alekho, raMgIna phoTogrAphsa, rekhAcitro vagerenA sahayogathI prastuta karyAM che. ahIM A aMkanA AdhAre thoDI mAhitI prastuta karI che. hakIkate to A aMkanAM lakhANono gujarAtI anuvAda, rAjya sarakAranA purAtattva khAtAe ke vaDodarAnI ma.sa. vizva vidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyAnA vibhAge, satvare prakAzita karavAnI jarUra che. 5. 2003mAM thayelA utkhananIya ahevAla vAste juo esa.pI.guptA vagere likhita prakaraNa 'A~na dha phAsTa Treka oNva dha periplasa : ephTavezana eTa kAmareja', jarnala oNva inDiyana ozana ArkiyaoNlaoNjI (have pachI jaIoA), pRSTha 9thI 34. 6. 2003mAM hAtha dharelAM kAmarejanA purAvastukIya anveSaNa pUrve vaDodarAnA gAyakavADI rAjyanA purAvidoe vIsamI sadInA trIsInA dAyakAmAM kAmarejanA purAvazeSIya sthaLanI bhALa meLavI hatI; ane 193536mAM eno ahevAla paNa pragaTa thayelo. ahevAla anusAra kAmarejanA TIMbA pAsethI vizALa IMTerI dIvAla ane thoDAka sikkA hAtha lAgyA hatAM. pacAsanA dAyakAmAM vaDodarAnI ma.sa. vizvavidyAlayanA purAvida DaoN. bI. subbArAve tolamAyanI bhUgoLamAM ullikhita Kammanes e ja kAmareja ema oLakhAvyuM hatuM. 1961mAM rASTrIya purAvastu sarvekSaNa saMsthAe A sthaLane 'surakSita ImArata' jAhera karI hatI. gujarAta rAjya purAtattvakhAtAnA kAryakartAoe paNa kAmarejanA TIMbAnI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. paraMtu alAhAbAda myujhiyamanA DaoN. sunila guptAe 1992mAM potAnA vidyAvAcaspatinA zodhanibaMdha aMtargata kAmarejane mUlyavAna sthaLa tarIke oLakhAvyuM hatuM (ejana, pRSTha .14). 7. A vize sacitra vigatavAra mAhitI meLavavA mATe juo sonAlI guptAno lekha 'paoNTarI phraoNma For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kAmareja ekkavezana-2003', jaIA., pRSTha 34thI 66 sudhI. AmAM pRSTha 54thI 66 sudhI paoNTarInA vividha namUnAnA Alekhana ApavAmAM AvyA che. 8. purAvazeSIya sAmagrInI vigato vAste juo esa.pI. guptA vagere lekhakono lekha "anTIkvITIjha phraoNma kAmareja ekjhavezana-2003', jaIoA., pRSTha 67thI 77. AmAM traNa paTTamAM Alekhana ApyAM che. 9. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo sonAlI guptA ane rohiNI pAnDeyano lekha "Ayarna varkiMga ina enDa erAunDa kAmareja', jaioMA., pRSTha 88thI 92. 10. vadhu vigato vAte juo esa.pI. guptA vagere lekhakono lekha "oNna dha phUTasTepsa oNva jhorosTriyana pArasIsa oNva InDiyA : eskavezansa eTa saMjANa oNna dha vesTa kosTa-2003', jaIA., pRSTha 93thI 106, 11. A bAbate vadhu vivaraNa vAste juo zobhanA gokhaleno lekha "kaoNinsa phAunDa ina dha eskavezansa eTa saMjANa-2002', jaiA., pRSTha 107thI 111 12. hAthaba vize vadhu mAhitI mATe juo zubhrA prAmANikano lekha "hAthaba : ena arlI hasTorika porTa oNna dha galpha oNva khaMbhAta', jaioNA., pRSTha 133thI 140. 13. devanI morInA ukhananakAryanI sarvagrAhI mAhitI mATe juo DaoN.ra.nA.mahetA ane DaoN.su.nA.caudharI likhita graMtha eskavezana eTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966. 14. AnI vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa 18. 15. ejana prakaraNa. 16. sthaLatapAsa ane khodakAmathI hAthavagI thayelI sAmagrInI ahIM je saMkSipta carcA karI che te aMge vyaktigata saMdarbhanirdeza karyo nathI. mukhyatve to A badhI mAhitI vaDodarA sthita ma.sa. vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyA nAmanA vibhAga dvArA je sthaLatapAsa ane utpananakArya thayAM che ane te te khodakAmanA je ahevAla pragaTa thayA che temAMthI tAravI che. khAsa to "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa" nAmanI graMthazreNInA graMtha bIjAnA paMdaramAM prakaraNano, prastuta lakhANa taiyAra karavA, ghaNo AdhAra lIdho che. A graMthanA saMpAdako pratye A laeNkhaka A kAje RNabhAra adA kare che. khodakAma-sthaLatapAsanAM prakAzano, jeno lAbha lIdho che. te A mujaba che : 1. eskavezana eTa TIMbaravA, vaDodarA, 1955 (ra.nA.mahetA). 2. ekavezana eTa nagarA, vaDodarA, 1970 (ra.nA.mahetA). 3. eskavezana eTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966 (ra.nA.mahetA, sU.nA.caudharI). 4. eskavezana eTa zAmaLAjI, vaDodarA, 1967 (ra.nA.mahetA, aM.je.paTela). 5 ekavezana eTa amarelI, vaDodarA, 1966 (Ara.rAva). 6. eskavezana eTa vaDanagara, vaDodarA, 1955 (bI.subbArAva, ra.nA.mahetA). AmAMnAM chellAM be prakAzana anukrame "myujhiyama enDa piksara gelerI' nAmanA buleTIna, pustaka 18 ane "jarnala oNva ema. esa. yunivarsiTI oNva baroDA', pustaka 4, aMka 1mAM samAviSTa che. A uparAMta A viSayane sparzatA keTalAka lekhonA saMdarbha vAste juo gurAsAMI., graMtha 2, pRSTha 336thI 340 uparanI 78 pAdanoMdha ane pRSTha 575thI 577 upara Apela graMthonI sUci. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera sikkAonI sarvagrAhI samIkSA bhUmikA zaka jAtinA ane pazcimI kSatrapothI ApaNA itihAsamAM vizeSa vikhyAta gujarAtanA pahelaprathama svataMtra rAjyanA A zAsakonA gujarAtamAMthI ane pazcima bhAratanA anya bhUbhAgamAMthI prApta cAMdInA goLa saMkhyAtIta sikkAo emanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsane nirUpavA vAstunuM khUba ja mahattvanuM mukhya sAdhana che. AthI, svAbhAvika ja cAMdInA sikkAonI saghaLI bAjuonI nAnImoTI badhI mAhitInI samIkSita avalokanA ahIM prastuta karavI Avazyaka che. cAMdInA sikkA uparAMta AmAMnA keTalAka rAjAonA thoDAka sikkA tAMbAnA, poTananA ane sIsAnA paNa hAtha lAvyA che. Ama to, bhAratIya janasamUha vedakALathI sikkAonA paricayamAM Avato rahyo che. bhAratIya-grIka rAjAonA vajana, AkAra, paddhati vagerenI daSTie UMcI guNavattAvALA sikkAo pazcimI kSatrapo pUrve pracalita hatA. kSatraponA sikkAmAM dezI ane videzI ubhaya paddhationuM mizrita anukaraNa jovuM prApta thAya che. AthI ane anyathA paNa bhAratIya sikkAonA itihAsamAM kSatrapI sikkAo viziSTa sthAnanA adhikRta adhiSThAtA banI rahyA che, jenI vigato vistArathI ahIM AlekhI che. tAMbAnA sikkA bhUmaka ane jayadAmAnA mAtra tAMbAnA sikkA prApya che. bhUmakanA sikkA goLa che, jyAre jayadAmAnA corasa. uparAMta anya keTalAka rAjAonA cAMdInA sikkAnI sAthosAtha thoDAka sikkA tAMbAnA hAtha lAgyA che : nahapAnanA goLa, cAnTanA corasa ane rudrasena 3jAnA corasa. keTalAka corasa sikkA nAmanirdeza ane samayanirdeza vinAnAya maLyA che. tethI evA sikkAnI oLakha ApavI-karavI muzkela che. paraMtu sikkA taiyAra karavAnI paddhati jevI mAhitIthI e sikkAo kSatraponA hovAnuM anumAnAyuM che. cAMdInA sikkA. A dhAtunA sikkAo hajAronI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thayA che. ApaNe avalokyuM tema bhUmaka ane jayadAmA sivAyanA pratyeka rAjAnA cAMdInA sikkA hAthavagA thayA che. paoNTana ane sIsAnA sikkA rudrasiMha 1lo, jIvadAmA, rudrasena 1lo, dAmasena ane vIradAmAnA paoNTana ane saMsAnA sikkA maLyA che. AmAM, rudrasiMha 1lAnA ane jIvadAmAnA paoNTananA sikkA upara For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta lakhANa ane samayanirdeza ubhayano viniyoga dhyAnArha gaNAya, jyAre rudrasena 1lAnA ane dAmasenanA sikkAmAM varSasUcaka saMkhyA nathI, paNa lekha che. samayanirdeza u52thI A sikkA A rAjAonA zAsanakALamAM AvatA hoI te emanA hovAnuM anumAna thayuM che. vIradAmAnA sikkA paNa samayanirdezayukta ane salekha che. lekha ane varSasUcana vinAnA keTalAka sikkA maLyA che, je A rAjAonA hovAnuM anumAnAyu che*. yazodAmA 2jo, rudrasena 3jo ane rudrasiMha 3joA rAjAonA lakhANa vinAnA paNa samayanirdezayukta sIsAnA sikkA maLyA che. varSasUcaka saMkhyA uparathI e sikkA paNa emanA hovAnuM jaNAya che. agrabhAga 218 tAMbAnA sikkA bhUmakanA sikkAnA agrabhAge DAbI tarapha upalI bAju phaLavALA tIranuM ane jamaNI bAjue vajranuM cihna che; vaccenA bhAgamAM cakra che. kinAranI samAMtare vartuLAkAre kharoSThIM lipimAM ane prAkRta bhASAmAM biruda sAthe kevaLa rAjAnuM potAnuM nAma upasAveluM che. nahapAnanA sikkAnA agrabhAge DAbI bAju vaja ane jamaNI tarapha nIcalI tarapha phaLavALuM tIra ane saMbhavataH brAhmI (ke kharoSThI)mAM rAjAnuM nAma lakhAyeluM che. cASTananA sikkA upara dakSiNAbhimukha Ubhelo azva che. uparanA bhAge grIka lipi ane grIka bhASAmAM lekha che. jayadAmAnA sikkA upara dakSiNAbhimukha vRSabha (ke naMdI) ane parazuyukta trizULa che tathA grIka lekha ane TapakAMnI hAra che. (anukAlIna zrI zarvanA sikkAnA pRSThabhAge AvuM cihna che). jayadAmAnA bIjA prakAranApaddhatinA sikkA upara dakSiNAbhimukha hAthI che. rudrasena rajAnA sikkA upara dakSiNAbhimukha vRSabha che. A rIte, kSatraponA tAMbAnA sikkA upara tIra, vaja, cakra, parazuyukta trizULa, vRSabha, azva ane hAthInAM pratIka che. AmAMthI prathama traNa pratIka kazuM sUcita karatAM nathI. trizULa ane vRSabha zivapaMthanuM sUcana kare che. trizULayukta parazuthI bhAgavata saMpradAyanuM sUcana maLe che. azva ane gajanAM cihna saMbhavataH rAjAnI vAhanasaMpati ke daMDazakti ke aizvarya sUcavatAM hoya ema kahI zakAya. gaja e indranuM, lakSmInuM ane kuberanuM vAhana hoI zake. cAMdInA sikkA pazcimI kSatrapa vaMzanA pratyeka rAjAnA cAMdInA sikkA upalabdha hoI ahIM vyaktigata vivaraNane sthAne enAM sAmAnya lakSaNonI carcA karI che. rAjAnI dakSiNAbhimukha mukhAkRti sauthI mahattvanuM AkarSaka cihna che. mukha (head)thI kaMIka vizeSa ane uttarAMga (bust)thI kAMIka ochI evI A AkRti che. sikkAno ghaNo bhAga A AkRti roke che. sahu prathama A AkRti nahapAnanA sikkA upara jovA maLe che, je prathA pachIthI cheka sudhI cAlu rahe che. A rAjAonAM tAMbA, paoNTana ane sIsAnA sikkA upara AvI AkRti nathI e noMdhapAtra che. sikkA upara vidyamAna rAjAnuM mukha prastuta karavAnI prathA apanAvanAra prathama hato grIka rAjA sikaMdara ema kahevAyuM che. eNe jyAre ApaNA dezanA vAyavya prAMta upara AkramaNa karyuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera 219 tyAre rAjA saMbhUtie ene zirastrANadhArI mukhAkRtivALA cAMdInA sikkA bheTa dharyA hatA. A apavAda sivAya ApaNA rAjAonA sikkA upara A prathA kSatrapo pUrve jovA maLatI nathI. saMbhUtinA sikkA uparanI mukhAkRtine resana grIka asarayukta hovAnuM sUcave che. paraMtu ApaNA dezamAM sau prathama grIka rAjA sikaMdara hato to pachI enA Agamana samaye saMbhUtie bheTa ApelA sikkA upara grIka asara hovAnuM kevI rIte mAnI zakAya ? A prAMta upara grIko pUrve IrAnI hakUmata hatI ane IrAnI siglosa sikkA ahIM ApaNI paddhatie nirmANa thatA hatA, jenA agrabhAge rAjAnI mukhAkRti hatI. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke saMbhUtinA sikkA upara IrAnI siglosa sikkAnI asara hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. kSatraponA pUrvaja IrAnathI AvelA hovAnuM manAya che. tethI emanA sikkA upara saMbhavataH A prathA IrAnI asara darzAvatA hovAnuM samajAya che. bhAratamAMnA grIka rAjAonA keTalAka sikkA upara rAjAnI mukhAkRti ane maoNnajhema jovA maLe che. apavAda sivAya emanA badhA ja sikkA goLa ane ardhadramma jevA hatA, tathA IrAnI ke bhAratIya Dhabe taiyAra thatA hatA. zakapaddhava rAjAonA sikkA upara ghoDesvAra rAjAnI AkRti hoya che. kRSANavaMzanA pahelA be rAjAonA sikkA upara mukhAkRti jovA maLe che, jayAre kaNiSka ane enA anugAmI rAjAonA sikkA upara rAjAnI mukhAkRtine sthAne kAMto rAjAnA pUrA kadanI UbhI AkRti, kAM to palAMThIyukta AkRti jovI prApta thAya che. Ama, kSatrapo pUrvenA traNeya rAjavaMzanA sikkAonAM nirakSaNathI kSatrapa sikkA upara konI keTalI asara che te kahevuM muzkela che. rAjAnI mukhAkRtine pharate sikkAnA kinAranI samAMtara zobhArUpa TapakAMnI hAra ane mukhAkRtinI vacce vRttAkAre grIka-romIya lipimAM lakhANa che. A lakhANanA AraMbha ane aMtanI vacce brAhmI AMkaDAmAM varSasUcaka saMkhyA che, AraMbhanA thoDAka rAjAonA sikkA sivAya. svAmI siMhasena ane svAmI rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara varSasUcaka saMkhyA pUrve varSe evuM brAhmImAM lakhANa spaSTatA jovA maLe che. paoNTana ane sIsAnA sikkA paoNTananA sikkA upara Ubhelo dakSiNAbhimukha vRSabha ane vRSabhanI upara varSa tema ja grIka-romIya lekha che. A prakAranA sikkA jIvadAmA, rudrasiMha 1lo ane vIradAmAnA che. rudrasena 1lo ane dAmasenanA sikkAo upara dakSiNAbhimukha Ubhelo hAthI che. DAbejamaNe sUryacaMdranAM cihno aMkita che. kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. sIsAnA sikkA corasa che ane dakSiNAbhimukha vRSabha ane kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra aMkita thayelAM che. pRSThabhAga tAMbAnA sikkA bhUmakanA tAMbAnA keTalAka sikkA upara DAbI tarapha dakSiNAbhimukha siMhanI AkRti che For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ane jamaNe cakranI AkRtivALA staMbhazIrSanuM cihna aMkita che. saMbhavataH brAhmImAM lekha che. enA keTalAka sikkA upara A ja cihna DAbejamaNane sthAne jamaNaDAbe jovAM prApta thAya che. nahapAnanA sikkA upara vedikA ane enI madhyamAM moTA parNayukta vRkSa che. cAnTananA sikkA upara prathama vakhata trikUTa parvatanI AkRti najare paDe che. parvatanI upalI TocanI uparanA bhAge ane DAbe paNa caMdranAM cihna ane jamaNe sUryanuM cihna aMkita che. brAhmImAM lekha che. jayadAmAnA keTalAka corasa sikkA upara cha zikharavALA parvatanuM cihna che15. upalA zikharanI Toce ane DAbe caMdranAM ekeka cihna ane jamaNe sUryanuM pratIka che. kinAre samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. ahIM pahelI vakhata zuddha brAhmImAM spaSTa lekha jovA maLe che : rAjJo kSatrapasa svAmI gayAsa | enA keTalAka sikkA upara ujjanapratIka jovuM prApta thAya che. samayanirdeza ane lekha vinAnA enA sikkA upara parvatAdi cihno uparAMta sahu prathamavAra nadInuM sUcana karatI vAMkIcUMkI rekhA parvatanA pratIkanI nIce aMkita che". rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA upara trikUTa parvata, enI nIce nadI, parvata upara sUrya ane kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. cAMdInA sikkA A dhAtunA sikkAnA madhya bhAge trikUTa parvatanuM AkarSaka pratIka aMkita che. enA upalA zikharanI Toce caMdranuM eka ane parvatanI samAMtara DAbI bAjue caMdranuM bIjuM ema be cihna tathA parvatanI jamaNe sUryanuM cihna aMkita thayelAM che. parvatanI nIce sarpAkAre rekhA che, je nadI hovAnuM sUcana kare che. A badhAM cihnanI vRttAkAre sikkA nirmANa karanAra rAjAnuM biruda sAthenuM nAma tema ja enA pitAnuM sabiruda, nAma brAhmImAM upasAveluM che. lakhANanI pharate kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. cAMdInA sikkAnA pRSThabhAge prastuta cihno cASTanathI zarU thAya che, je te pachInA badhA ja rAjAonA sikkA upara eka sarakhI paddhatie aMkita thayelAM jovAM prApta thAya che. cASTananA purogAmIomAMthI mAtra nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che. enA sikkA upara, bhUmakanA tAMbAnA sikkA uparanA agrabhAga uparathI sUcita-prerita, DAbe nIcalI tarapha phaLavALuM tIra ane jamaNe vajanuM cihna aMkita che, jyAre madhya bhAge cakra jovA maLe che. kharoSThI ane brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa che. - parvatanA pratIkane resane caitya tarIke oLakhAveluM che. AMdhranA rAjAonA sikkA upara sAmAnya rIte A pratIka prayojAyeluM hoI kSatrapoe paNa emanuM anukaraNa karyuM hovAno mata ThIka ThIka samaya sudhI pracalita rahyo che. paNa elekjhAnDara kaniMgahame sau prathama vAra sUcavyuM ke A cihna meru parvatanuM che. e pachI bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe 19 ane emane anusarIne de.rA.bhAMDArakare paNa A sUcana svIkAryuM, paNa meru parvatanA pratIka tarIke nahIM, mAtra sAmAnya parvatanA pratIka tarIke. have to e parvata-pratIka tarIke nizcita thayuM che. bhAratanA pUrvakAlInatama pRpA sikkA upara A prakAranuM cihna aMkita che ane tyAM A cihna upara kUtaro ane moranAM pratIka UbhelI avasthAmAM jovAM prApta thAya che. jo repsana For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera sUcita e caitya hoya to pachI kUtaro ke mo2 enA upara kyAMthI saMbhave ? A be prANIone bauddhadharma sAthe koI saMbaMdha hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. videzanA pUrva samayanA sikkA ke bhAratamAMnA grIka-zaka-panva-kuSANa rAjavaMzonA sikkA upara paNa A cihna jovA maLatAM nathI. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke A cihnamAM eTale ke parvata-pratIka upara koI videzI asara jaNAtI nathI. caMdranI AkRti bIjanA caMdra jevI darzAvAI che. parvatanA upalA zikharanI jamaNI bAjue aMkita thayeluM cihna repsananA mate tArAonuM jhUmakhuM che..., paraMtu AraMbhanA traNeka rAjAonA sikkA uparanAM pratIkanAM nirIkSaNathI e cihna sUryanuM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. ApaNA dezamAM pUrvakALathI caMdra ane sUryanAM cihna zAzvatatA sUcavatAM pratIka tarIke savizeSa prayojAtAM AvyAM che. AthI, A sikkAo upara caMdranI sAthe sUryanuM sthAnamUlya spaSTa thAya che. parvata ane nadI paNa prakRtinAM zAzvata tattvo tarIke sUcavAyAM che. 221 cASTrananA keTalAka sikkA upara mAtra caMdra ane sUryanAM pratIka che to keTalAka upara te sAthe parvatanuM pratIka paNa che. parvata vinAnAM caMdra-sUryanAM cihnonAM Alekhana viziSTa mahattva darzAvatAM hoya te rIte thayAM che". rudradAmA 1lAnA samayathI parvatanuM mahattva vadheluM ane caMdra-sUryanuM mahattva ghaTeluM jaNAya che. bIjo eka pheraphAra paNa noMdhapAtra che : sUryanAM pratIkamAMnuM vaccenuM biMba nAnuM thatuM jAya che. kiraNonAM AlekhanamAM rekhAone sthAne mAtra TapakAM (cha ke sAta) darzAvAyAM che. biMba ane TapakAMnAM kada sarakhAM thatAM jAya che. caMdranuM cihna paNa nAnuM thatuM jAya che. cASTana`, rudrasiMha 1lo, dAmasena ane dAmajadazrI 2jAnA keTalAka sikkAmAM caMdra-sUrya sthAna phera pAmelA jovA maLe che. arthAt DAbI bAjU sUrya ane jamaNe caMdra. AthI, jo ke koI vizeSa mahattva tethI sUcavAtuM nathI. saMbhavataH sikkA taiyA2 ka2nA2nI bhUlanuM e pariNAma hoya. paoNTana ane sIsAnA sikkA paoNTananA sikkA u52 trikUTa parvata, TocanI upara ane DAbe ekeka caMdra ane jamaNe sUryanAM pratIko cAMdInA sikkAnI jema AlekhAyelAM che. brAhmImAM mAtra rAjAnuM hoddA sAthenuM nAma upasAveluM jovA maLe che. AvA sikkA jIvadAmA, rudrasiMha 1lo, ane vIradAmAnA che. samayanirdeza vinAnA paoNTananA sikkA upara parvatAdi pratIko che, paNa lekha nathI. kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. paoNTananA anya prakAranA keTalAka sikkA upara parvatAdi cihno che ane vizeSamAM parvatanI nIce varSa aMkita che. kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che, lekha nathI. rudrasena 1lAnA ane dAmasenanA samayanA sikkA A prakAranA che. sIsAnA sikkA upara parvatAdi cihna, parvatanI nIce varSa ane kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra jovA maLe che. A sikkA lekha vinAnA che. yazodAmA rajo, rudrasena 3jo ane rudrasiMha 3jAnA corasa sikkA upara trikUTa parvata, enI nIce nadI sUcavatI rekhA ane enI nIce varSa darzAveluM che. kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. rudrasiMha 3jAnA sikkA upara trikUTa parvatanI DAbIjamaNI bAjue caMdra-sUryanAM cihna che.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta Izvaradatta AbhIra rAjA IzvaradattanA sikkA kSatrapa-anukaraNavALA hoI tathA kSatrapa sikkAonI sAthe haMmezA upalabdha thayA hoI enA sikkAnI saMkSipta carcA ahIM prastuta jaNAya che. A rAjAnA mAtra cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che. enA sikkAnA agrabhAge dakSiNAbhimukha mukhAkRti che ane enI pAchaLa brAhmImAM varSa darzAveluM che. vRttAkAre grIka-romIya lipimAM lekha che. kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. enA sikkAnA pRSThabhAga upara trikUTa parvata, Toca upara ane DAbe ekeka caMdra, jamaNe sUrya, parvata nIce nadI tema ja vRttAkAre brAhmI lipimAM hodA sAthe mAtra IzvaradattanuM nAma ane varSano nirdeza sUcavato lekha che. IzvaradattanA sikkAnI vizeSatA e che ke eNe AMkaDA ane zabdo ubhayamAM varSanuM sUcana karyuM che. upasaMhAra atyAra sudhInAM varNanathI phalita thatI ATalI bAbato dhyAnArha che : kSatraponA sikkA uparanA akSaro, mukhAkRti, AkAra, tola vagere jevI bAbatomAM grIka asara vartAya che; to saMskRta-prAkRta bhASA, brAhmI lipi tathA parvata-nadI, caMdra, sUrya ityAdi jevAM prakRtinAM zAzvata pratIko bhAratIya asaranAM ghotaka che. jayadAmAnA tAMbAnA sikkA upara trizULa ane parazunAM cihna dhArmika hovAnuM kahI zakAya. anyathA kSatraponA badhA ja sikkA upara koI ja devadevInI AkRti jovA prApta thatI nathI; ke dhArmika asara nirdiSTa karatuM koI spaSTa cihnaya aMkita thayeluM jovA maLatuM nathI. atre e noMdhavuM upAdeyI jaNAze ke bhAratamAMnA grIka ane kuSANa zAsakonA sikkA upara devadevInI AkRti ApavAnI prathA sAmAnya hatI; tyAre grIka sikkAonuM aMzataH anukaraNa karanArA ane kuSANa rAjAonA samakAlIna ane anukAlIna kSatrapa sikkA dhArmika asarathI mukta che. anukAlIna gupta samrATonA sikkAmAM paNa devadevIonI AkRtio ke dharmasUcaka cihna jovAM prApta thAya che. A dRSTie paNa kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA ananya gaNI zakAya. varSa sUcavatI abhinava prathA kSatraponA cAMdInA, paoNTananA ane sIsAnA sikkAo upara varSa-sUcaka viziSTa ane abhinava paddhati ApaNane prathama vakhata jovI prApta thAya che. bhAratIya sikkAvijJAnanA itihAsamAM A bAbata sImAcihna svarUpa svIkArAI che. brAhmI AMkaDAmAM varSa sUcavatI saMkhyA nirdezavAnI kSatraponI A nirALI paddhatine laIne A zAsakonI saLaMga sAlavArI taiyAra karavAmAM sugamatA sAMpaDI che. kSatrapo pUrvenA bhAratIya sikkAomAM kyAMya varSa ApavAnI prathA jovA maLatI nathI. to kSatrapa pachI jemanA cAMdInA sikkAmAM kSatrapa anukaraNa jovA maLe che te gupta zAsakonA suvarNa sikkAo (emane samayanirdezayukta kSatraponA sikkAono parica hovA chatAMya) varSa nirdezana vinAnA che. AthI, kSatrapa sikkAomAM thayelA varSa-nirdezanano prayoga asaMdigdha rIte viziSTa ane virala banI rahe che. varSa ApavAnI pahelavahelI prathA rudrasiMha 1lAnA sikkA upara aMkita thayelI jovA maLe For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera 223 che. enI pahelAMnA kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA upara varSa-nirdezaka saMkhyA jovA maLatI nathI ane vizeSa dhyAnArya bAbata e che ke grIka-romIya lakhANanA AraMbha ane aMtanI vaccenA bhAgamAM varSasUcaka saMkhyA aMkita karavA jeTalI jagyAya dekhAtI nathI. AthI, nahapAne jema mukhAkRti ApavAnI prathAno prAraMbha karyo, cASTane jema parvatAdi pratIko ApavAnI ane hoddA sAthe pitAnuM nAma ApavAnI zarUAta karI ane jema yazodAmAe mAtra brAhmImAM ja lakhANa aMkita karavAno prAraMbha karyo tema rudrasiMhe varSa ApavAnI prathAno prAraMbha karyo. kSatrapa sikkAonA itihAsanAM avalokanathI sUcavAya che ke kSatrapa zAsakomAMthI keTalAke, paraMparita prathA cAlu rAkhI hovAnI sAthosAtha, eka eka abhinava prathAnA prAraMbhaka tarIke maulika pradAna karyuM hatuM. bAhnika ane bhAratanA grIka zAsakonA sikkA upara varSa sUcavatA AMkaDA jovA maLatA nathI29. bhAratanA pUrvakAlIna ane prAkSatrapakAlIna sikkAo paNa varSanirdeza vinAnA che. ekAda apavAda sivAya (eTale ke guptonA cAMdInA sikkA sivAya) cheka muslima amala sudhI A prathA bhAratanA ke bhAratamAMnA koI videzI rAjavaMze ke rAjAe apanAvI hovAnI jANakArI hAthavagI nathI. tyAre prazna e udbhave che ke kSatrapoe varSa ApavAnI prathAnuM anukaraNa kyAMthI karyuM haze ? pArthiyAmAM phrAvarta 4thA pachI (IsvIpUrva 37thI) sIzUsiDa saMvatamAM varSa ApavAnI prathA zarU thayelI jovA maLe che. romamAMthI pahelI ane bIjI sadI daramyAna cAMdInA sikkAonA pRSThabhAge grIka AMkaDAmAM ane rAjakAlanAM varSomAM varSanirdezanayukta sikkA maLyA che. ubhayamAMthI kSatrapoe konuM anukaraNa karyuM haze te asaMdigdha rIte kahevuM muzkela che. paraMtu IrAnamAMnA zaka-pallava rAjAonA saMbaMdhane avalokatAM ane zakone pahnavonA dabANathI IrAna choDI bhArata AvavuM paDeluM te aitihAsika ghaTanA dhyAnamAM letAM (A mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa traNa) saMbhavataH kSatrapoe varSa noMdhavAnI prathA pallavo pAsethI apanAvI hoya. sikkA upara aMkita lakhANa pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo savizeSa emanA sikkAonAM nirmANathI suvikhyAta che. A rAjAo potAnA sikkA upara potAnAM nAma ane hodAnI sAthe potAnA pitAnAM sahoddA sAthe nAma ApavAnI prathA emanA sikkAonI AgavI vizeSatA che. Ane kAraNe kSatrapa zAsakonI saLaMga vaMzAvaLI taiyAra karavAmAM sugamatA sAMpaDI che. pitAnuM nAma ApavAnI A praNAlikA emaNe kyAMthI apanAvI haze te vize saMdigdhatA rahe che. eziyAnA koI pUrvakAlIna dezanA ke rAjayanA ke rAjavaMzanA sikkA upara prastuta prathA aMkita thayelI jovA maLatI nathI. AthI evuM anumAna thaI zake ke A prathA prAyaH kSatraponuM maulika yogadAna hoI zake 1. - pRSThabhAganAM lakhANa tatkAlIna bhAratanI pracalita lipio ane bhASAmAM lakhAtAM hatAM. bhUmaka, nahapAna ane cASTananA sikkAo upara kharoSThI ane brAhmI ubhaya lipimAM lakhANa aMkita thayelAM joI zakAya che. pachI jayadAmAthI zarU karI aMta sudhInA badhA rAjAonA sikkA upara mAtra brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa aMkAyelAM jovAM prApta thAya che. kharoSThI lipivALAM lakhANa For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta prAkRta bhASAmAM che ane brAhmI lipimAMnAM lakhANa saMskRta-prAkRta mizrita bhASAmAM che. zuddha saMskRtamAM lakhANa mAtra dAmajadazrI 1lA ane satyadAmAnA sikkA upara aMkita thayelAM che. rudradAmA 1lAno jUnAgaDhano zailalekha zuddha saMskRta gadyano zreSTha namUno hovA chatAMya tenA potAnA sikkAo uparanuM lakhANa prAkRtamizrita saMskRtamAM che. pazcimI kSatraponA sikkA upara aMkAyelAM lakhANanI bIjI noMdhapAtra vizeSatA Ama che : keTalAka sikkA upara pitAnAM nAma SaSThI vibhaktimAM (dA. ta. gAmamAM putrasa) prayojAyelAM che, to keTalAka upara nAmaputrasa evo samAsa paNa jovA maLe che. sAmAnyataH kSatrapa rAjAo potAnA purogAmInAM nahIM, paNa pitAnAM nAma nirdeza che e hakIkata cATana, rudrasiMha rajo ane rudrasena 3jAnA sikkA uparathI spaSTa thAya che. apavAdarUpe svAmI siMhasena potAne rudrasena 3jAnI bahenanA putra (eTale ke bhANeja) tarIke oLakhAve che. bhAratIya nAma apanAvanAra kSatrapa rAjAonAM nAmanI pUrve zrI jevo mAnasUcaka pUrvaga jovA maLato nathI. apavAdarUpe dAmajadazrImAM aMtyAMga tarIke prayojAyo che. saMbhavataH A prakArano A prayoga videzI nAmane bhAratIya banAvavA vAste thayo hoya. SaSThI vibhaktino prayoga kSatraponA sikkAomAM vAraMvAra thayelo che. lagabhaga pratyeka sikkA upara SaSThI vibhaktino sa (kyAreka ca) pratyaya be vakhata prayojAyelo che : eka vAra pitAnA nAma sAthe, bIjI vAra rAjAnA potAnA nAma sAthe. pitAnA nAma sAtheno sa pratyaya putranA saMdarbhe sArtha jaNAya che, paNa rAjAnA potAnA nAmane lAgelo SaSThI vibhaktino ja pratyaya zuM sUcave che ? ahIM, eno saMbaMdha "nA varSa... mAM" ema varSa sAthe che ke "......no sikko e arthamAM che e vicAraNIya bAbata che. varSa sAtheno saMbaMdha nA hoya ema jaNAya che; kAraNa ke zarUAtanA rAjAonA sikkA upara varSasUcaka saMkhyA nirdezavAnI prathA jovI prApta thatI nathI. AthI, saMbhavataH ahIM eno "....... no sikko" ema svAmitvasUcaka artha vadhAre ucita jaNAya che. saMskRtamAM svAmitvasUcaka nAma haMmezA pachI vibhaktimAM ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. pazcimI kSatraponA sikkAnA agrabhAge grIka-romIya lipimAM lakhANa AlekhAyelAM jovA maLe che. AraMbhanA traNeka rAjAonA sikkAmAMnuM lakhANa kaMIka arthavALuM jaNAya che, paNa rudradAmA 1lAnA samayathI sikkAo upara lakhANa AlekhavAnI prathA cAlu to rahe che, paraMtu te arthahIna ane mAtra zobhA pUratuM ja raheluM dekhAya che. A sikkAomAM aMkita grIka lakhANane ukelavAnA prayAsa jasTIsa nyUTane ane paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe karelA, paNa emane saphaLatA prApta thayelI nahIM. te pachI repsane A lakhANane ukelavAno prayatna karatAM thoDI saphaLatA meLavelI. emaNe nahapAnanA sikkA uparanA lakhANano prathama grIka zabda ukelyo ane e zabda grIka bhASAno Basilios nahIM hovAnuM sUcavI e zabda rANo che ane prAkRtanuM bhASAMtara nahIM paNa limaMtara che ema pratipAdita karyuM. repsane e paNa spaSTa karyuM ke A lakhANa zuddha grIkamAM mAtra nahapAna ane cASTananA sikkAo upara che ane te pachI to grIka-romIya lakhANa jovuM prApta thayA che. repsana pachI thoDIka vadhu saphaLatA maLI eca.Ara.skaoNTane jogalathabbImAMthI prApta nahapAnanA asaMkhya sikkAonA abhyAsathI. grIka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera 225 lakhANa e prAkRtanuM liyaMtara che evA resananA maMtavyane skaoNTanI saphaLatAthI anumodana maLyuM. emaNe vacalo zabda chedaratA che ema ukelI Apyo. skaoNTanA vAcana mujabanuM grIka lekhanuM sAmAnya 2934 2414 2 34 : Panniw (<751), Iahapatac (59661H) 241 Nahattanac (76414). AlekhanazailI je jamAnAmAM vizvasamastamAM ane bhAratamAM vizeSataH sikkAvijJAnanuM kheDANa alpa mAtrAmAM thayuM hatuM tyAre sikkAo upara suMdara rIte upasAvelI ane mukhanI pratyeka rekhAne spaSTa rIte abhivyakta karatI rAjAnI mukhAkRtinuM Alekhana dhyAnArha to che ja paNa bhAratIya sikkAvidyAnA itihAsamAM pazcimI kSatraponuM e mahAmUluM yogadAna che. pazcimI kSatraponA sikkA upara vyakta pAmelI rAjAnI mukhAkRti eka pArzva (prophAIla) citra jevI che; chatAMya surekha ane spaSTa che. rAjAnA vAMkaDiyA ane lAMbA vALa khasUsa suMdara rIte AlekhAyelA che. mAthA upara lazkarI sainikanA Topa jevuM kazuMka paridhAna kareluM joI zakAya che. AMkaDA vALelI mUcho sarasa rIte vyakta thaI che. kaMThanA bhAge rUpAMkanayukta sAMkaDI paTI jevuM kaMIka che, je IrAnI DhabanA lAMbA koTano kaoNlara hovA saMbhave che. kAnamAM kuMDaLa zobhI rahyAM che. Ama, mukhAkRtinuM samagra Alekhana badhA sikkAomAM lagabhaga eka sarakhI zailImAM abhivyakta thayeluM jaNAya che. AthI, samagratayA AlekhanazailI vikasita kArIgarInuM sUcana kare che. sikkAnuM nAma : zrApa nahapAnanA samayanA nAsika guphAnA be lekhamAM enA jamAI uSavadAre ApelA dAnanA saMdarbhathI A aMgenI mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. emAM hApA (#IpaVT) zabda traNeka vakhata nirdezAyo che. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke A sikkA, khAsa karIne cAMdInA, vArSIpaLa nAmathI oLakhAtA haze. resana A sikkAone niHzaMkapaNe A nAmathI oLakhAve che. prastuta zabda sikkAnA saMdarbhe ApaNA dezamAM pUrvakAlathI prayojAto Avyo che. pAligraMthomAM ane pANininA machAdhyAyI graMthamAM cAMdInA sikkAne IpaUA kahyA che.... kauTilyanA 35rthazAstramAM ghaNI jagyAe A nAmanA sikkAnA saMdarbha hAthavagA thayA che 9. manusmRti ane yAjJavaskRtimAM A zabda nirdeziSTa che. jo ke manu kArSApaNane tAMbAnA sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM ullekha che. TSapAtu vistAkhriveza: #ifSa: (:040 3 vijJA graMthamAM hApaNano ullekha che. A badhA saMdarbhathI sUcita thAya che ke ApaNA dezamAM IsvIpUrva 7mI-6ThThI sadIthI A zabda pracalita hato. BrSa ane pA e zabdathI banelo sAmAsika zabda te paLa. eka prakAranuM vajana che. tethI varSanA vajanano sikko te Ipa2. kaniMgahama una karSaNanuM bIja gaNe che. vAcaspati vipIta(baheDA)nA vRkSanuM phaLa te evo nirdeza kare che. nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAM kuzaLamUtte ane suvarNa evAM be nAma paNa jovA maLe che. ubhaya zabdanA artha saMdigdha jaNAya che. prathama zabda repsananA mate zaMkAspada che. de. rA. bhAMDArakaranA mate A zabda nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA mATe prayojAyo che. ane eNe enA kuSANa adhipati rAjAnI smRtimAM A nAma ApyuM hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. esa. ka. cakravartI bhAMDArakaranA For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta e mata sAthe sahamata thAya che ke A zabda sikkA mATe prayojAyo che, paraMtu e cAMdInA sikkAnuM nAma che evuM bhAMDArakarIya maMtavya teo svIkAratA nathI; kema ke mUDI eka prakAranA nAme ane vyAja bIjA prakAranA nAme hoya e zakya jaNAtuM nathI. zamUne zabdamAM kuSANonA sikkAno artha abhipreta che ema svIkArI cakravartI A zabda sonAnA sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM upayogAyo che evuM mAne che. suvarNa ullekha to kuSANonA sonAnA sikkAnA anusaMdhAne vaparAyo jaNAya che; kema ke lekhamAM 75000 kArdApaNa = 2000 suvarNano guNottara Apelo che. paraMtu ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA ke pazcimI kSatrapo svataMtra sattAdhIza rAjAo hatA (juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa pAMca) ane kuSANonA uparAja kyAreya na hatA. tema ja kaSkino sattAkALa rudradAmAnA amalanA aMta pachI eTale ke bIjI sadInA uttarArdhamAM hovAnuM A graMthalekhaka mAne che (juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa nava) ane tethI bhAMDArakara ane cakravartInAM maMtavya svIkArya rahetAM nathI. kSatraponA sikkAnAM nAmakaraNanA anusaMdhAnamAM bIjA ekabe nirdeza che. vinayapiTalanI samaMtaprasivila TIkAmAM mAlava ane saurASTranA cAMdInA sikkAne rudrAkSa tarIke oLakhAvyA che ane jenuM vajana agAunA kArdApaNathI 3/4 hatuM. anya bauddhagraMthomAM paNa rudrAma, drAmAdri, rudradAmAvani jevA rUpa prayojAyelAM jovAM prApta thAya che. sarasthIpanI mAM rudrAmeLa, 3ppavito evI vyAkhyA paNa rudrAmanI jovA maLe che. saMvinnAmAM hIMganI sAthosAtha ravatta(kSatrapaka) evo paNa eka prayoga jovA maLe che. uparyukta carcA uparathI kSatrapa sikkAnA nAma vize asaMdigdhapaNe sUcavavuM muzkela che. paraMtu Abhilekhika purAvAone vadhAre zraddhaya gaNIe to nahapAnanA guphAlekhomAM jeno traNeka vakhata ullekha che te dI5Na (kArdApaNa) zabda kSatraponA sikkAnuM nAma hovAno saMbhava vadhAre ucita jaNAya che. saMvijhAmAMnA ravRtta sAthe hiIpaLano sAhityika nirdeza A saMbhavanuM samarthana kare che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e ke pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA cAMdInA sikkA paNa nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA. vajana, AkAra ane kada repsana kahe che ke nahapAnanA cAMdInA sikkA bhAratIya-grIka rAjAonA ardhadramma jevA hatA. tadanusAra badhA kSatrapa rAjAoe ane emanA anugAmI gupta samrAToe tathA saikUTaka zAsakoe paNa A prakAranuM vajana sikkA kAje apanAvyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. grIka rAjA minenTaranA sikkA 32thI 35 greInanA (lagabhaga 2 grAmanA) hatA. eTale nahapAnanA ane enA anugAmI anya kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA paNa eTalA ja vajananA hovA joIe ema phalita thAya che. kSatraponA cAMdInA sikkAno vyAsa 0.5" thI 0.7"no hovAnuM darzAvAya che. badhA kSatrapa rAjAonA badhA ja sikkA eka sarakhA vyAsanA nathI, jema eka sarakhA vajananA nathI. AthI, phalita thAya che ke vajana ane kadamAM thatI rahelI vadhaghaTa emanA rAjyanI Arthika sthitinI vadhaghaTa paNa hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya; jo ke A phalitArtha asaMdigdha gaNI nA zakAya. Azare For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera 227 doDhahajAra varSa pUrvenA sikkAonI vartamAne upalabdhithI evI dhAraNA darzAvI zakAya ke keTalIka vAra kudaratI AbohavAne kAraNe jamInamAM dATelA hovAthI AMtarika rAsAyaNika prakriyAne lIdhe vajanamAM vadhaghaTa thavA saMbhave che. keTalIka vAra sikkAnI vAraMvAranI herapherathI thatA ghasArAne kAraNeya enA vajana ke kadamAM ghaTADo saMbhavI zake che. AthI, vajana ane vyAsamAM jovA maLatI vadhaghaTathI badhI vakhata Arthika caDatIpaDatInuM sUcana ke anumAna vicAravuM yogya nathI. kSatrapa sikakAono goLa AkAra grIka asara sUcave che ema ghaNA vidvAnonuM mAnavuM che. paraMtu ApaNA dezamAM ghaNA pUrvakALathI vividha AkAranA sikkAo pracAramAM hatA, jemAM goLa sikkAono samAveza thato hato. vizuddhi (IsvI pAMcamI sadIno AraMbhakALa)nAmanA graMthamAM eka sthaLe buddhaghoSa vividha AkAranA sikkAonI noMdha darzAve che, jemAM parimaMtra (goLa) sikkAo paNa che54. bhAMDArakara kahe che ke kSatraponA goLa sikkAo grIka anukaraNavALA nathI; kema ke pUrva samayanA keTalAka kArdApaNa sikkAo goLa AkAranA jovA maLe che5. zatapatha vrImamAM to zatamAna sikkA goLa hovAno spaSTa nirdeza che". sikkA-nirmANanI paddhati A zAsakonI sikkAonAM sUkSma nirIkSaNathI anumAnI zakAya ke enA nirmANa kAje koI yaMtra ke koI saMpUrNa sAdhana jarUra upayogamAM levAtuM haze. sAMcImAMthI pakavelI mATInI mudrAo maLI che. A mudrAomAM cAMdIno rasa(pravAhI) reDIne sikkA taiyAra karavAmAM AvatAM haze. mATInAM bIbonI madadathI paNa sikkA nirmANa thatA hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. AmAM bevaDAM bIbAM (double die)no viniyoga thato haze. saMbhava che ke kSatraponA sikkAya bIbonI madadathI taiyAra thatA haze. TaMkazALa ATalI moTI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thayelA58 A rAjAonA sikkA koI TaMkazALamAM nirmANa pAmyA hovA joIe. sAmAnyataH TaMkazALa pATanagara ke rAjadhAnImAM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. ataH nahapAnanA samayamAM saMbhavataH bharUcamAM ane cAkhAnAdi rAjAonA samayamAM ujjanamAM TaMkazALa hovAno saMbhava darzAvI zakAya. kSatrapa zAsananA aMta bhAgamAM emanI sattA gujarAta pUratI sImita rahI hoya to tyAre prAyaH jUnAgaDhamAM TaMkazALa hovAthI aTakaLa sUcavI zakAya. paraMtu bharUca ane ujjanamAMthI hajI sudhI kSatrapa sikkAono koI saMgraha hAtha lAgyo nathI, jUnAgaDhamAMthI uparakoTa vistAramAMthI 1200 sikkAno eka nidhi prApta thayo che. hamaNAM jUnAgaDha jillAnA eka gAmethI A rAjAonA 500 jeTalA cAMdInA sikkAno eka nidhi maLI Avyo hato. vaLI radradAmAno zailalekha tathA bAvApyArAnI ane uparakoTanI guphAo paNa jUnAgaDhamAM AvelI hoI. kSatraponA samayamAM jUnAgaDhanuM viziSTa sthAna hovAnuM dhyAnamAM laIe to evuM anumAnI zakAya ke TaMkazALa prAyaH AraMbhathI aMta paryata jUnAgaDhamAM hovI joIe, kema ke cheka sudhI A nagara kSatrapone hastaka rahyuM hatuM. kSatrapasikkAnI anukAlIna asara AkAra ane paddhati jotAM zrI sarva bhaTTArakanA sikkAo kSatrapa asara sUcita kare che; For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta phakta parvatAdi pratIkane sthAne trizULanI AkRti ApavA jeTalo pheraphAra jovA maLe che. gupta samrATonA pazcima bhArata (tathA madhyapradeza) mATe khAsa nirmANa karAvelA cAMdInA sikkA hakIkate kSatrapa sikkAnA anukaraNavALA che. caMdragupta rajo, kumAragupta ane skaMdaguptanA cAMdInA sikkA gujarAtamAMthI hAtha lAgyA che. anya gupta rAjavIonA cAMdInA kSatrapa asaravALA sikkA maLyA nathI. guptonA cAMdInA sikkA upara mukhAkRti, azuddha grIka lakhANa, mukhAkRtinI pAchaLa varSasUcaka saMkhyA, vajana ane AkAra, caMdra-sUrya-nadI, brAhmI lipimAM sAbiruda rAjAnAM nAma vagere vigato kSatrapa asaranI sIdhI dyotake che. pherakAra eTalo che ke trikUTa parvatane sthAne garuDanI AkRti che, ane pitAnA nAmano ullekha nathI. traikUTaka ane bodhivaMzanA sikkA paNa kSatrapa-sikkAnI asara heThaLa taiyAra thayAnuM jaNAya che. traikUTaka sikkA upara mukhAkRti che; varSasUcaka saMkhyA ane grIka lakhANa nathI. trikUTa parvata, nadI, caMdra(mAtra zikharanI Toce che, DAbe nathI), sUrya vagere pratIka che. kada ane vajanamAM paNa traikUTaka sikkA kSatrapa sikkA jevA che. brAhmI lipimAM hoddA sAthe pitAnuM nAma che. bodhivaMzanA sikkAomAM mukhAkRti, varSa ane grIka lekha nathI; tene sthAne vedikA ane vRkSonI AkRti che. trikUTa parvata, upalA zikharanI Toce caMdra vagere che. vajana ane kada paNa kSatrapa sikkAnI jema che. upasaMhAra 228 prastuta vizleSaNa ane vivaraNa upathI eTaluM to asaMdigdha rIte spaSTa thAya che ke ApaNA dezanA sikkAvijJAnanA itihAsamAM pazcimI kSatrapa zAsakonA sikkA ghaNI badhI bAbatomAM abhinava che, viziSTa che, lAkSaNika che ane sImA cihnarUpa paNa che. pAdanoMdha 1. mAhitI mATe juo 2seza jamInadAra, prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, pRSTha 108thI 116. 2. rAjAnI mukhAkRti, grIka-romIya akSaro, varSa ApavAnI paddhati vagere videzI asara sUcave che, jyAre brAhmI lipi, prAkRta-saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhANa, parvatAdi pratIko vagere bhAratIya asaranAM ghotaka che. AraMbhanA traNeka rAjAoe brAhmI sAthe kharoSThI lipi prayojI che. khoraThI lipinuM mULa videzI hatuM paNa te videzamAM udbhavI hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. videzI ArAmAIka lipimAMthI udbhavelI e bhAratIya lipi che, urdUnI jema. 3. anaMta sadAziva gadre, ArkiyaoNlojikala DipArTamenTa oNva dha baroDA sTeTa, enyuala rIpaoNrTa, 193637, pRSTha 1thI. 4. sara elekajhAnDara kaniMgahame bhAratamAM pUrvakALamAM cAMdInI achata hatI evuM vidhAna karyuM che (kaoNinsa oNva enzanTa inDiyA, pRSTha 5). pazcimanA ghaNA vidvAno A vidhAna svIkAre che (repsana, kraoNhii., pustaka 1, pRSTha 343); periplasa, guja. anu. phakaro 39 vagere). paraMtu ApaNA pUrvakAlInatama Ahata (paMcamArka) sikkA cAMdInA hatA (janyusoi., pustaka 12, pRSTha 190; rasaze jamInadAra, uparyukta, 1994, prakaraNa 5). zatapatha brAhmaLamAM cAMdInA zatamAna sikkAono nirdeza che (vAsudeva upAdhyAya, bhAsi., pRSTha 13). rAjA saMbhUtie sikaMdarane ApelA bheTa-sikkA cAMdInA hatA. kauTalyanA arthazAstramAM vividha prakAranA cAMdInA sikkA ane cAMdInI jAtano ullekha che (bhAMDArakara, lekcarsa, pRSTha 94). vArSApaLa e bhAratanA sau prathama rASTrIya sikkA che ane te vizeSataH adhikAMza For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera saMkhyAmAM cAMdInA che (raseza jamInadAra, uparyukta, 1994, pRSTha 58). TUMkamAM, bhAratamAM cAMdInA sikkA pUrvakAlamAM taiyAra thatA hatA tethI kaniMgahamanuM vidhAna svIkArya banatuM nathI. kSatraponA sikkAmAM upayogAyelI cAMdI rAjasthAnanI khANomAMthI AvelI hovAno abhiprAya 2.nA.mahetAe Apyo che. devanI morInA sikkAne temaNe rAsAyaNika prakriyAthI tapAsI Avo mata darzAvya che (evezana eTa devanI morI, pRSTha ). 5. vIradAmA sivAyanA rAjAonA sikkA mATe (juo repsana, 113). vIradAmAnA sikkA mATe juo (a.sa. gadre, 6. repsana, keTalaoNga, pRSTha 122. 7. saudararAjana, janyusoi., pustaka 22, pRSTha 118thI. 229 keTalaoNga, pRSTha 85, 93, 105 ane uparyukta, pRSTha 18). 8. gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha grIka rAjavI apaladattanA kAMsAnA sikkA upara vRSabha ane hAthInI AkRtio che te A saMdarbhe dhyAnArha rahe. 9. insA.briTA., 11mI AvRtti, pusataka 16, pRSTha 619. 10. enA sikkAnA agrabhAge enI mukhAkRti che (sI. je. brAuna, kaoNinsa oNva inDiyA, pRSTha 23, paTTa 2, AkRti 1; gau. hI. ojhA, prAcIna mudrA, pRSTha 32). 11. repsana, kaeNTalaoNga, phakaro 88. 12. sI.je. brAuna, uparyukta, pRSTha 26 ane 34. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo raseza jamInadAra, 1994, pRSTha 108thI. 13. zarUAtanA traNeka rAjAo zuddha grIka lakhANano ane sAthe kharoSThI lekhano upayoga kare che. te pachI kharoSThI ekadama adRzya thaI jAya che ane grIka lakhANa kahevAtA grIka-romIya akSaro tarIke mAtra suzobhana svarUpe cAlu rahe che. 14. A uparathI repsana evuM sUcana kare che ke saMbhavataH A paddhati anya kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA upara paNa aMkita hovI joIe. (keTalaoNga, phakaro 126). paNa grIka-romIya lakhANamAM aMta ane brAhmImAM upasAvelA varSa-saMkhyA vacce varSe lakhavA jeTalI jagyA hovI joIe, je saMbhavataH dekhAtI nathI. AthI anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapavaMzanA A be rAjAoe A prathA pahelaprathamavAra apanAvI hoya ane to kSatrapavaMzIya sikkAnA itihAsamAM A emanuM pradAna gaNAvI zakAya. 15. repsana, keTalaoNga, pRSTha 76, 5TTa 10. 16. A taraMga-rekhA prAyaH samudranuM sUcana paNa karatI hoya, paNa enI maryAdita laMbAI UMcAI jotAM e nadInuM sUcana karatI hovAnuM saMbhavita jaNAya che. caMdra-sarvanI jema sarita-parvat e AMtarika sAnnidhya vadhAre dharAve che. 17. keTalaoNga, phakaro 92 ane 100. paraMtu AMdhranA rAjAonA keTalAka sikkA upara caityananI AkRtio che to keTalAka upara parvatanI evuM vAsudeva upAdhyAyanuM maMtavya che (bhAsi., pRSTha 104-105, paTTa 6). AthI, AMdhra rAjAo caitya ane parvatanAM pratIka bhinna bhinna rIte prayojatA hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. A kAraNe repsanano mata svIkArya raheto nathI. koNe konI pAsethI prastuta pratIkanuM anukaraNa karyuM tenA vivAdane bAjue rAkhIe to eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke A baMne rAjavaMzo vacce koI prakAranA saMbaMdho hatA. bAkI dhyAnArha bAbata e che ke sanAtana ke zAzvata bAbatonAM anukaraNa to sahu koI karI zake che jemAM koI koInI asara ke anukaraNa jovAM jarUrI nathI ane pazcimI kSatrapo ane sAtavAhano emAM apavAda nathI. (juo raseza jamInadAra, 'sama thaoNTsa oNna dha mUTa problemsa oNva dha Tu raoNyala DAyanesTIjha oNva vesTarna inDiyA; ena epreijhala', paMcAla, pustaka 10, 1998, For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pRSTha 129). 18. nyumijhamaeNTika kraoNnikala, pustaka 13, pRSTha 188. 19. bAMge., pustaka 1, bhAga 1, pRSTha 30. 20. AsaIrI., 1913-14, pRSTha 121 ane lekTarsa, pRSTha 101 ane 105. 21. IsvIpUrva 1500nA samayanA nAsosamAM minoana prakAranA eka mudrAMka upara parvatanuM cihna jovuM prApta thAya che (ejana, pRSTha 106, pAdanoMdha 2). 22. keTalaoNga., phakaro 144. jo ke kasamAM te 'kiraNovALo sUrya' evo nirdeza kare che. 23. juo : yAvitraMvArI.. sarakhAvo : ANaMdrAvakSatiraFrvatInInanuM | (ha.gaM.zAstrI, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, 1955, pRSTha 525, pAdanoMdha 8). 24. juo repsana, keTalaoNga, pRSTha 72, paTTa 10. 25. janyusoI., pustaka 14, pRSTha 20thI. 26. resana, keTalaoNga, pRSTha 90, naMbara 313-314; pRSTha 108, naMbara 381 ane pRSTha 116, naMbara 425 anukrame rudrasiMha, dAmasena ane dAmajadazrInA sikkA mATe. 27. janyusoI., pustaka 22, pRSTha 118thI. 28. jo ke emanA zilAlekhomAM prAraMbhathI varSasUcaka saMkhyA nirdezAI che te bAbata noMdhapAtra gaNavI joIe. 29. A zAsakonA sikkA vize vadhu mAhitI mATe juo : raseza jamInadAra, uparyukta, 1994, pRSTha 108thI 116. 30. InsAbiTA. 11mI AvRtti, pustaka 16, pRchAMka 620-621. 31. misaranA TolemI vaMzamAM TaoNlemI nAmanA ghaNA rAjAo thaI gayA. "dA.ta. TolemI 1lo, rajo . 10mo, 12mo vagere. tethI A rAjAo te sAthe aparanAma vAparatA ane te rIte pRthaktA darzAvatA. kSatrapomAM rudradAmA, rudrasiMha, rudrasena jevAM eka sarakhAM nAmane laIne tathA te nAmanA eka karatAM vadhAre rAjAo zAsanastha thayA hoIne pRthaktA darzAvavA vAste pitAnuM nAma ApavuM jarUrI levuM hoya. paraMtu A prathAno prAraMbha cArunane karyo che, jyAre tenI koI AvazyaktA na hatI. kahevAnuM tAtparya AthI e che ke pitAnuM nAma ApavAnI prathA kSatraponI maulika prathA hovAnuM nizcita bane che. arvAcIna nAmAbhidhAnanI prathAne kSatraponuM A eka viziSTa paNa maulika yogadAna che. 32. resana, keTalaoNga, phakaro 81 ane 95 anukrame. 33. dA.ta. sarvazIsaMbhavasthAmaitanordhanaBtaH | maracAyupo vALa: praha/ diyuSam II (vikramorvazIya, pU. 7). A uparAMta sarakhAvo : zodivaSyaffdhakAnadhavAranarsa ! (sarakAra, sIi., pRSTha 357). vAramata viSayafdhavAraNya (ejana, pRSTha 350, 357). ganA yuvarAnI zAsanam ! (ejana, pRSTha 412). rANo pravAsenI zAsanam ! (ejana, pRSTha 418). 34. raoNeso., 1890. 35. ejana, 1899, pRSTha 359 ane 363. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa tera 231 36. jabaoNbAraoNeso., 1907, pRSTha 227thI. 37. keTalaoNga, phakaro 150 ane bhAsi., pRSTha 178. 38. janyusoI., pustaka 12, pRSTha 197 ane bhAsi., pRSTha 14-16 . 39. paNanA mitAkSarI ullekhathI (ejana, pRSTha 15). 40. manusmRti, 8, 136. uparAMta 336-37, 282. paraMtu nAradvasmRtimAM Avo nirdeza cAMdInA saMdarbhe che: 1SapaNo kSipasyAM phizi rautha: (vAvasthatyam, bhAga 3, pRSTha 1774). 41. muni puNyavijayajI saMpAdita prastuta graMtha, pRSTha 66. 42. janyusoI., pustaka 12, pRSTha 197. 43. kaoNInsa oNva InDiyA, pRSTha 45. uparAMta cakravarti, e sTaDI oNva enzanTa inDiyana nyumijhamaeNTiksa, pRSTha 51thI. 44. bhAga 3, pRSTha 1773-74, saMskRta sAhityamAM A prakAranA ghaNA ullekha che. baheDAMnA phaLanuM vajana lagabhaga eka tolA jeTaluM hoya che. 45. keTalaoNga, phakaro 57. 46. lekTarsa, pR 199thI. 47. e sTaDI oNva eAnTa InDiyana nyumijhameTiksa, pRSTha 98thI. 48. janyusoi., pustaka 12, pRSTha 198thI. 49. vijayendrasUrikata rAjA mahAkSatrapa raddhadAmAM, pRSTha 41. dukAmano bIjo artha evo thaI zake ke rudradAmAnA sikkA jevA ja gUmanAnA bIjA sikkA je enI pachInA rAjAoe taiyAra karAvyA hoya (ejana). 50. pAdanoMdha 41 mujaba. 51. tAMbA, paoNTana ane sIsAnA sikkA kayA nAme oLakhAtA haze te kahevuM muzkela che. 52. keTalaoNga, phakaro 88. 53. minandara ane apaladattanA sikkA IsvInI pahelI-bIjI sadImAM bharUcamAM pracalita hatA (pariplasa, phakaro 47). ahIM A sikkA eTalA badhA pracAramAM hatA ke IsvInI AThamI sadImAM gujarAtanA pUrva samayanA rAjAo enuM anukaraNa karatA hatA. (gau.sI.ojhA, pravIna mudrA, pRSTha 66-67). 54. 2.4ra7. bI.sI.lo, e hisTarI oNva pAli liTarecara, pustaka 2, pRSTha 399. 55. lekTarsa, pRSTha 148. uparAMta smitha, keTalaoNga oNna inDiyana kaoNInsa, paTTa 19, naMbara 7, 11 ane 11nA goLa sikkA kASapaNanA che. 56, ..5.26 ane 23.2.rU.2. bhAratUtanA eka citramAMnA sikkA goLa che. 57. bhAsi., pRSTha 112. 58. A lekhake, emanA mahAnibaMdha saMdarbhe vividha saMgrahAlayomAM surakSita ane keTalIka vyaktionA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita, evA Azare daza hajAra sikkAo svayam tapAsyA hatA ane pratyeka sikkAnA agrabhAganI ane pRSThabhAganI pratyeka bAbatanI noMdha lIdhI hatI. ane keTalIka jagyAe to avyavasthita sikkAonuM vyavasthita patraka paNa taiyAra karI ApyuM hatuM tema ja pratyeka kavaramAM eka eka sikko mUkI upara jarUrI noMdha paNa karI ApI hatI. A kArya 1961thI 1963nA varSo daramyAna karyuM hatuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhUmikA A graMthanA varNa-viSaya vAstunAM jJApakomAM mukhya che kSatrapa rAjAoe nirmANa karAvelA saMkhyAtIta sikkAo. A sikkAnA agrabhAge kinArane samAMtara goLAkAre lakhANa upasAvelAM che, je brAhmI lipimAM ane saMskRta bhASAmAM che. ahIM ApaNe A sikkAo uparanAM mULa lakhANanA thoDAka namUnA prastuta karyA che. rajUAta A mujaba che : je te rAjAnuM hoddA sAthenuM nAma nAgarI lipimAM che. te pachI sikkA uparanuM brAhmI lipimAMnuM lakhANa che ane te bAda te ja lakhANa devanAgarImAM ApeluM che. pazcimI kSatrapa vaMzanA lagabhaga badhA rAjAonA sikkA uparanAM lakhANamAMthI namUnA rUpa pratyeka rAjAnAM ekAda be lakhANa prastuta karyAM che. A lakhANamAM bAra-tera akSara ochAmAM ochA che ane vadhumAM vadhu 32thI 33 akSara che. lipi vikAsane samajavAmAM A namUnA khasUsa upAdeyI nIvaDaze eTaluM ja nahIM paNa lipine oLakhavAmAM paNa saraLatA raheze. saMskRta bhASAnA prayoga paNa ahIM jovA maLaze. kyAMka samAsa che (dA.ta. rudravAna putrasa) to kyAMka baMne zabdamAM SaSThI vibhaktino prayoga che (dA.ta. vAmasenasa putrasa), to kyAMka apavAdarUpa sa ne sthAne syano prayoga che (dA.ta. vAmanadrIya putrasya). AraMbhanA traNa zAsakonA (bhUmaka, nahapAna ane cASTana) sikkA upara brAhmI ane kharoSThI lipimAM tema ja saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhANa jovAM prApta thAya che. (1) kSatrapa bhUmaka [k kSadarA(tasa kSatrapasa gUmasa) (brAhmI) vahAlasa (traparsa gUmasa) (kharoSThI) (2) nahapAna T sikkA uparanAM lakhANa : brAhmImAM ane devanAgarImAM rAjJo kSaharAtasa nahapAnasa (brAhmI) rAjJo vaharata" nahavanasa (kharoSThI) pariziSTa nava Ev For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa nava 233 (3) kSatra5 yASTana [rA]jJo kSatrapasa ysAmotika putra(sa-) (mAmA) rAjJo ca (trapasa - -) (roTI) (4) mahAkSatrapa cASTana Exupsexky. rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa ysA[moti]ka putrasa cASTanasa (prAmI) (5) kSatrapa jayadAmA 05. rAjJo kSatrapasa svAmi jayadAmasa (E) mahAkSatra5 rudrAmA 1co . JUNEntryjHx.v40 rAjJo kSatrapasa jayadAmaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmasa (7) kSatra5 |mshriiy 18 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmnaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa dAmajadazrIya / (8) mahAkSatrapa dAmajadazrIya 1lo JFJU95EEJIYEngu rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmnaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmajadazrIya / (9) mahAkSatrapa jIvadAmA JEVIEW VEEN BAJEVSEFUNtory rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmajadasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa jIvadAmasa / (10) kSatra5 rudrasiMDa 18 JRVIEWHEYYAMJUNew rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa rudrasihasa / (11) mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 1lo JPUJUNREvyJPUR rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasihasa / (12) kSatrapa satyadAmA 1851141TthA / " For Personal & Private Use Only

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234 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya dAmajadazrIya putrasya rAjJo kSatrapasya satyadAmna / (13) kSatra5 drasena 19o rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasiMhasa putrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa rudrasenasa / (14) mahAkSatra5 rudrasena 19o JHUNJIMywyjTTvMJUNE rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasiMhasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenasa / (15) kSatrapa pRthivISeNa JUSIMIMixy .xydNIH rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenasa putrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa pRthivIseNasa / (10) mahAkSatrapa saMghadAmA J OHNHy/MJJBY-14 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasihasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya saMghadAmna / (17) mahAkSatrapa dAmasena FRUITHIN JAPATTHEY HIN rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasihasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenasa / (18) kSatra5 ma48zrI 2 JEVHJINiyJFJHIYELyrics: rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenaputrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa dAmajadazrIyaH / (19) kSatrapa varadAmA JEEJUNEYHINJRAHayty: rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenasa putrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa vIradAmnaH / (20) mahAkSatra5 zva2tta (prathama varSa) JEVHTIEAABy04 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa Izvaradattasa varSe prathame / (21) mahAkSatra5 zva2tta (dvitIya varSa) rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa Izvaradattasa varSe dvitIye / (22) kSatrapa yazodAmA 1lo TRVSAHEY HIM TIMESocurate For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa nava 235 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenasa putrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa yazodAmnaH / (23) mahAkSatrapa yazodAmA 1lo SELNEVning Inggrawney rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenasa putrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa yazodAmnaH / (24) kSatrapa vijayasena rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenasa putrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa vijayasenasa / (25) mahAkSatrapa vijayasena HE VHIYANJAVIJUBE rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa vijayasenasa / () mahAkSatrapa dAmajadazrI 3jo FFERENA1 JASFVEN 1 NF Agay. rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmasenaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa dAmajadazrIyaH / (ra7) mahAkSatrapa rudrasena rajo SELIHIJE4 Y3IPEJAJI bhAna rAjJAH kSatrapasa vIradAmaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenasa / (28) kSatrapa vizvasiMha P3 VJI1HIFLJv.43% 31 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenaputrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa vizvasihasa / (29) mahAkSatrapa vizvasiMha S)13019315211 rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa vizvasIhasa / (30) kSatra5 martRhamA 16SHIT193415LAHABy: rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenaputrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa bhartRdAmnaH / (31) mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmA JEEJAJIR 199EHLIMB3Y rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudrasenaputrasa rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa bhartRdAmnaH / (32) kSatrapa vizvasena JEXTLAJ1xyJALTH For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa bhartRdAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa vizvasenasa / (33) kSatra5 rudrasiM 20 46.tv HIMJFHJIXVH: svAmi jIvadAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa rudrasihasaH / (34) kSatrapa yazodAmA rajo rAjJa kSatrapasa rudrasihaputrasa rAjJaH kSatrapasa yazodAmnaH / (35) mahAkSatrapa svAmi rudrasena 3jo SUJIV984131UNTAIR ___rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi rudradAmaputrasa rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi rudrasenasa / (36) mahAkSatrapa svAmi siMhasena JPY RIMJJYYXXIHIM rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi rudrasenasa rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svazrIyasya svAmi sihasenasa / (37) mahAkSatrapa svAmi siMhasenasya JJyyxyxjJxjxxxd mahArAja kSatrapa svAmi rudrasenasvazrIyasya rAjJaH mahAkSatrapasa svAmi siMhasenasya / (38) mahAkSatrapa svAmi (rudrasena 4tho JEEYON SHEX19JHJFHYUTH rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi sihasenaputrasa rAjJaH mahAkSatrapasa svAmi [rudra]senasa / (39) mahAkSatrapa svAmi rudrasiMha 3jo J5134*1*249332jury'J3411 rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi satyasiMhaputrasa rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi rudrasiMha / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cauda keTalAka abhilekhonuM vizleSaNa A prakaraNamAM, A graMthalekhakanA vidyAvAcaspatinA zodhakArya daramyAna hAtha lAgelA, be aprasiddha zilAlekho, uparAMta mevAsAnA zilAlekha vize pragaTa kareluM arthaghaTana, tema ja rudradAmAnA samayano girinagarano zailalekhano saMpUrNa pATha ane devanI morInA bauddha stUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta zailasamudgaka uparanA aitihAsika lekhano saMpUrNa pATha, tathA zaka saMvatanA pravartakane pratiSThita karatA AMdhanA zaka varSa 11nA yaSTIlekhano pUro pATha tema ja A lekhake pahelaprathama vakhata zodhelo zaka varSa 320no rudrasiMha 3jAno eka sikko ane tAjetaramAM pragaTa thayelo varSa 337no sikko, je paNa rudrasiMha 3jAno che, carcA ane samAveza eTalA vAste karyAM che jeNe gujarAtanA kSatrapa rAjAonA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsane dhyAnArha mahattva bakSyAM che. Ama to, A badhAMno je te jagyAe saMdarbha pUrato nirdeza lakhANamAM ane pAdanoMdhamAM karyo rudrasiMha 1lAno AMdhau-lekha A khaMDita zilAlekha kaccha jillAnA khAvaDA tAlukAnA AMdhI gAmethI hAtha lAgyo hato ane bhUjanA kaccha-myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. Ama to, Arthika-sAMskRtika-vANijiyaka-rAjakIya daSTie A gAmanuM koI mahattva jaNAtuM nathI; paraMtu aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM enuM mahattva dhyAnArha che kema ke A gAmethI cha kSatrapalekho hAthavagA thayA che, jemAMthI pAMca lekho prakAzita thAya che ane avalokana heThaLano prastuta lekha adyApi apragaTa rahyo hato. A lekha khaMDita che ane be TukaDAmAM che (juo citra ). AmAMno uparano bhAga A lekhano mahattvano bhAga sAcave che; jyAre nIcalA bhAgamAM be paMkti che. A lekhamAM daza paMkti che. prAkRta asara heThaLanA saMskRta gadyamAM A lekha kotarAyelo che. akSaro brAhmI lipinA che. akSaronI kotaraNI chIcharI che. lakhANa bahu surakSita na hovA chatAMya eno aitihAsika bhAga saMtoSakAraka rIte sacavAyo che. zilAlekhanI baMne bAjU nukasAnI hovAthI pratyeka paMktinA kAM to bane cheDAnA ke kyAMka eka cheDAnA akSaro nAza pAmyA che. A lakhANathI prathama pAMca paMkti itihAsI-vaMzAvalI-mAhitI pradatta kare che. chellI cAra paMktinA keTalAka akSara avAcya jaNAyA che. koIkanI smRtimAM A yaSTIlekha khoDAyo hato. AbhIra nAmanA koI mANase A smAraka banAvaDAvyuM hatuM, jenuM nAma avAcya rahyuM che. A lekha mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasiMha rAjAnA samayamAM zaka varSa 114mAM taiyAra thayo hato. kSatrapavaMzanI vaMzAvalInI keTalIka mAhitI A lekhathI prApta thAya che. uparAMta emanAM birudothI ujAgara thavAya che. rAjA, svAmI ane mahAkSatrapanAM biruda rudradAmAM ane rudrasiMha For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vAte upayogAyAM che; jyAre jayadAmAM mATe rAjA ane kSatrapa biruda vaparAyAM che. anya kSatrapa lekhomAM jayadAmA vAste rAga-kSatrapa- svAmi biruda prayojAyAM che. AthI A lekhathI vadhu eka vakhata e bAbata puravAra kare che ke jayadAmAM enA kSatrapapada daramyAna (ane mahAkSatrapapada pAmyA vinA ja) akALe avasAna pAmyo hato. rudrasiMhanA A agAu phakta be zilAlekhathI ApaNe jJAta hatAH gUMdAno ane mevAsAno. have A rAjAnA bIjA be lekhathI ApaNe abhijJa thaIe chIe: vAMDha ane AMdha". Ama, cha lekhothI itihAsapRSTha upara jenuM nAma aMkita thayuM che te AMdha gAma saMbhavataH e sthaLa che jayAM kSatrapazAsako madhya eziyAthI sIdhA ahIM AvyA hoya ane prAraMbhika kArakirdI emaNe ahIMthI zarU karI hoya. Ama jo svIkArIe to A lekhake je pratipAdana kareluM, ke pazcimI kSatrapo svataMtra sattAdhIza hatA, tene AthI samarthana prApta thAya che. jo A gAme vizALa pAyA upara ukhanakArya karavAmAM Ave to saMbhavataH kSatrapo vize ghaNI rasaprada vigato hAthavagI thaI zake. rudrasiMha 1lAno vAMDhano lekha bemAMthI eka lekha vAMDhamAMthI prApta thayo che ane kaccha myujhiyamamAM surakSita che; to bIjA lekhanuM prAptisthAna jANamAM nathI paNa te rAjya purAtattva khAtAnI rAjakoTa sthita pazcima vartuLa kacerImAM sacavAyo che. A graMthalekhake A baMne sthaLanI mulAkAta 1962mAM vidyAvAcaspatinA anveSaNa anvaye lIdhI hatI ane emanI cAkSuSa nakala lIdhI hatI. vAMDhano lekha rudrasiMhanA samayano che ane zaka varSa 110no che. brAhmI lipi ane saMskRta bhASAmAM utkIrNa thayelo A zilAlekha khaMDita avasthAmAM che. Ama to A lekha staMbhalekha che. cha paMktiyukta A lekha kaccha jillAnA mAMDavI tAlukAnA vAMDha gAmethI agAu hAtha lAgelo ane te adyApi apragaTa rahelo. samayanA sapATAmAM A lekha ghaNI jagyAe khavAI-kSArAI gayo che. ane tethI mahattvanI mAhitI hAthavagI rahI nathI. dA.ta. lekhanA dAtA ane mRtaka baMnenAM nAma lupta thaI gayAM che. lekhanA akSaronI kotaraNI chIcharI che, jethI ghaNA akSaro nukasAna pAmyA che ane je bacyA che temAMnA ghaNA avAcya rahe che. A rAjAnA AMdhaunA lekha karatAM prastuta lekhanA akSaronI laMbAI-pahoLAI ochI che. koIkanI smRtimAM khoDAyelo A lekha koIkanI mAraphate nirmANa pAmyo hato. baMnenAM nAma ane gotranAma avAcya che. ekamano aMka khavANane lIdhe nAza pAmyo che; paraMtu 100no aMka spaSTa che. A rAjAnA agAu cAra lekho maLyA che. AthI A lekhathI koI navI mAhitI prApta thatI nathI. A kAraNe ekamanA aMkanuM na hovuM tethI koI phera paDato nathI. chatAM te dazanuM cihna hoI zake ane to A lekha rudrasiMhanA samayano varSa 110no haze.... khaMDita zilAlekha A lekha vize sahu prathama dhyAna pI.pI.paMDyAe doryuM hatuM 1959mAM. A graMthalekhake tenI cAkSuSa nakala 1962mAM lIdhelI rAjakoTanI mulAkAta daramyAna. A lekhano phoTogrApha For Personal & Private Use Only

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239 prakaraNa cauda pahelaprathama "kaoNnolaoNjI oNva gujarAta' graMthamAM chapAyo hato ane ha.gaM.zAstrIe eno pATha taiyAra karelo. paraMtu A graMthalekhakane te vAMcana saMtoSajanaka na jaNAtAM enuM punaHvAcana kareluM ane tenuM pariNAma pragaTa kareluM. ha. gaM. zAstrInA vAcanamAM mitiniza na hato, tyAre A graMthalekhake A lekhanI bIjI paMktimAM varSa 105 hovAnuM vAcana darzAvyuM che. bIjI paMktino cotho akSara 100nI saMkhyAno hovAnuM spaSTa che, paNa ekamano aMka bahu spaSTa nathI paNa te pAMcano aMka hoI zake11. A smAraka yaSTI svarUpe che ane te koIka mAraphate koInI smRtimAM nirmANa pAmyo che paraMtu te nAma avAcya che. lekhano hetu spaSTa che ane te badhAM prANIonAM kalyANanosrvsttvhitsukhaay. bIjI paMktimAM lina putrasya evo nirdeza che. kSatraponI vaMzAvaLImAM pAMcamA kuLamAM A nAmano eka rAjA sattAdhIza hovAnuM jaNAya che. ane te rudrasena 3jAnI bahenano dIkaro hato. A rAjA IsvInI cothI sadInA chellA caraNamAM zAsanastha hato. A lekha siMhasenanA putra rudrasena 4thAnA samayano hovo joIe. jyAre lekhamAMnI nirdiSTa miti (105+78=183 IsvI) anusAra lekha khoDAyo che IsvInI bIjI sadInA chellA caraNamAM. paraMtu prathama paMktimAM disaMvatsare ane bIjI paMktimAM tame mujaba varSa 200 hoya ane temAM 105 umerAtAM 305 zaka saMvata thAya. arthAt IsvI 383 AvI zake. paraMtu siMhasena IsvI 382thI 384 ane teno putra rudrasena 4tho 385-86mAM zAsana hatA. A dRSTie A lekha siMhasenanA zAsanasamaye nirmANa pAmyo hoya; to siMhasena putracchano nirdeza bAdhaka puravAra thAya che. prastuta vivaraNathI A lekha saMdarbhe kazuM coksAIthI kahevuM zakya nathI. mevAsA zilAlekhanuM punarAvalokana kaccha jillAmAM rApara tAlukAmAM AvelA mevAsA nAmanA gAmethI 1898mAM tyAranA kaccha rAjayanA dIvAna raNachoDarAya udayarAmanA pahelaprathama dhyAnamAM Avelo che. te pachI te vakhatanA rAjakoTanA vaoNTsana myujhiyamanA kayUreTara DI. bI. Diskalakare enI sahu prathama noMdha pragaTa karI myujhiyamanA vArSika ahevAlamAM. pachIthI e lekhanuM vAcana ane enAM arthaghaTana oNrienTala kaoNnpharansanA hevAlamAM prasiddha thayelAM. moDethI vratindranAtha mukharajIe A vize potAno abhiprAya pragaTa karelo. A graMthalekhakane prastuta lekha vize bI. ena. mukharajInA arthaghaTanonuM punarAvalokana jarUrI jaNAyuM ane enAM pariNAma te pachIthI pragaTa karelAM. jo ke A agAu vAsudeva viSNu mirANIe A lekhanA koyaDA aMge vigate carcA karI che. A vize ahIM thoDIka noMdha prastuta karI che. A lekhano pATha pariziSTa navamAM Apyo che. - A lekha sAro sacavAyo nathI. enA akSaro vAcana vAste aspaSTa che ane tethI te koyaDArUpa che. lipinI kotaraNI kaDhaMgI che. A kAraNe A lekha kayA kSatrapa rAjAnA samayano che ane te kayA varSanI che te vize coksAIthI kahevuM muzkela che. A eka yaSTIlekha, kaho ke smArakalekha, che. lekhamAM kula sAta paMkti che. enA akSaro dakSiNI zailInA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vA. vi. mirAzInA vAcana mujaba varSa 203mAM mahAkSatrapa cASTrananA vaMzaja rAjA mahAkSatrapa bhartRdAmAnA samayamAM kArtika mAsanA zukla pakSanI sAtamanA divase A smArakastaMbha khoDAyo hato ane tenuM pratisthApana harihovaka gotranA AbhIra vasurAke karyuM hatuM ane je vapano putra, zvasanano pautra ane guzanano dauhitra hato ane teNe tenA mAlika rAjayezvaranI smRtimAM A lakhANa korAveluM (vadhu vigata vAste mirAzInA lekhano uparyukta saMdarbha jovo). 240 A lekhamAMthI ATalA muddA udbhave che : (1) sAmAnyataH pazcimI kSatraponA zilAlekhomAM pratyekamAM sattAdhIza rAjAnuM nAma hoya ja che. mevAsAlekhamAM zAsanastha rAjAnuM nAma nathI, je hovuM joIe. (2) lekhamAM ullikhita varSa zaka saMvatamAM hovuM joIe. paraMtu ahIM je rIte varSanirdeza thayo che tethI saMvata saMdarbhe ghaNA matabheda udbhavyA che. (3) staMbhanuM prasthApana sAmAnya rIte vidyamAna rAjAnA koI saMbaMdhInI smRtimAM ke sattA sAthe saMlagnita vyaktinA smaraNamAM thayuM hoya che. (4) A badhAMnAM pariNAme kayA sattAdhIza zAsakanA samayamAM A staMbha nirmANa pAmyo e bAbata nirNita karavI muzkela che. zAsanastha rAjAno nAmollekha hoya to samaya sUcita thaI zake che. (5) athavA jo zaka saMvatamAM varSano nirdeza thayo hoya to zAsanastha rAjAnuM nAma hAthavagu thaI zake che. (6) paNa A baMnenA saMdigdhapaNAne kAraNe A lekha koyaDArUpa banyo che. mukharajInA mata mujaba nirdiSTa saMdigdha varSa traikUTaka-kalyuri saMvatanuM che. paraMtu kSatraponA badhA lekhomAM ane sikkAomAM nirdiSTa varSa to zaka saMvatanAM ja che. AthI, mukharajInuM maMtavya svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI ane emanAM arthaghaTana paNa yogya TharatAM nathI. bIjuM teo A lekha rudrasena 3jAnA samayamAM nirmAyo hovAnuM maMtavya darzAve che. A paNa yogya nathI kema ke rudradAmA rajo ane eno putra rudrasena 3jo cASTanakuLanA nathI, paNa cothA kuLanA che. cothA kuLanA zAsakono cASTanakuLa sAtheno saMbaMdha prasthApita thayo nathI. bIjuM ahIM bIjI paMktimAM bhadraMdAmAno ullekha hovAno mata mirAzIno che. je anAmI rAjAnA samayamAM A smAraka staMbha khoDAyo te bhartRdAmAno putra-pra-putra hato. saMskRtamAM AvI yojanA jovA maLatI nathI. kSatraponA koI lekhamAM AvI asAmAnya paddhatinA pracAranI mAhitI jovA maLatI nathI. dUranA pUrvajanA ullekha sAthe zAsanastha rAjAno thayelo ullekha kSatraponAM lakhANamAM kyAMya darzAvAyo nathI. varSa zate vyuttara evuM lekhamAMnA zabdasamUhanuM vAcana mukharajI 300 hovAnuM sUcave che, jyAre mirAzI mujaba eno artha sUcavAyo che 203. mukharajI A uparAMta 'mahAkSatrapanA 103mA varSe' evo mata darzAve che, jeya zakya nathI kema ke koI rAjA 103 varSa sudhI zAsanastha hoI zake ja nahIM. Ama, putra-pra-putra tathA varSa zate zrutta evA zabdasamUhathI A lekha koyaDArUpa banyo che. parantu A graMthalekhake A lekhanuM sUkSma nirIkSaNa karyuM che. tadanusAra bIjI paMktino chello zabda rudrasiMha che ane nahIM ke matRvAmA. prastuta lekha sAthe bhartRdAmA koI rIte saMlagnita nathI kema ke te cASTana pachI doDheka saikA pachI rAjA bane che. A lekhanI pahelI ja paMktimAM rAnA mahAkSatrapasya vAdanasya evo ullekha che. bhatRdAmA peDhIo pUrvenA pUrvajano ullekha kevI rIte For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa coda 241 kare? kSatrapomAM AvI prathA hatI ja nahIM. mevAsAnA smArakalekhane gUMdAnA varSa 103nA lekha sAthe avalokvo joIe, kema ke gUMdAno lekha rudrasiMha 1lAnA samayano che. A lekhamAM senApati bApakano putra AbhIra senApati rUdrabhUti pazcimI kSatraponI lazkarI sevAmAM hato. mevAsAnA lekhamAM paNa gAmIra vasurano spaSTa ullekha che. AthI, pazcimI kSatraponA zAsanakALa daramyAna AbhIra vasatI astitva dharAvatI hatI e ApaNe jANIe chIe. AbhIra IzvaradattanA upalabdha sikkA ahIM dhyAnArya bane che. sArano sAra eTalo ja ke mevAsA lekhamAMno praznArtha ke anAmI rAjA rudrasena 1lo hovo joIe ane te rudrasiMha 1lAno putra che. A lekhanI bIjI paMktino chello zabda ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM tema rudrasiMda che. praznArtha varSa 103 che. bIjI ane trIjI paMktimAMnA putra-pra-putrI zabdasamUhanuM arthaghaTana prapautra thaI zake. ane rudrasiMha cAnTanano prapautra che ema emanI vaMzAvaLI sUcave che. girinagarano zailalekha vartamAna jUnAgaDha zaheranA prAMgaNamAM giranAra parvata javAnA mArga upara eka rASTrIya surakSita smAraka sthita che. A smAraka "azokanAM dharmazAsanothI sukhyAta che. A zaila lekhatrayIthI sajja che. maurya samrATa azokanA samayano, pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA samayano ane gupta rAjavI skaMdaguptanA samayano ema traNa lekho A khaDaka upara utkIrNa che. A zailalekho aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika dRSTie na bhUto na bhaviSyatinI uktine sArthaka kare che. vizeSamAM A zailalekha daphataravidyAnuM vizvasamastamAM advitIya Abhilekhika daSTAMta che ane pUrNataH ajoDa che. brAhmI lipi ane saMskRta bhASAmAM utkIrNa traNeya lakhANo ATha saikA daramyAna bhASAvikAsa ane lipivikAsane samajavA vAste asAdhAraNa upAdeyI banI rahe che. A traNeyamAM rudradAmAnA lekhanuM sarvagrAhI daSTie vizvasta ane vizvavyApI aitihAsika mahattva dhyAnArha eTalA mATe che ke lagabhaga cAra saikA pUrvenI ghaTanAnI vigato itihAsarUpe emAM Ameja che19 devanI morIno samugalekha zAmaLAjInA prasiddha tIrthanA parisaramAM mezvo nadI AvelI che. A nadImAM baMdha bAMdhI zyAma sarovaranuM siMcAI hetuthI nirmANa karavAnuM Ayojana rAjya sarakAre kareluM hoI, "bhoja rAjAnA TekarA'thI khyAta devanI morI gAmanI bhAgoLe sthita TIMbAnuM vyApaka ukhananakArya karIne, prastuta Tekaro sarovaramAM samAdhistha thAya te pUrve, temAM surakSita avazeSone purAvastukIya vijJAnanI sahAyathI hAthavagA karI tyAMnA vistAranI mAnavapravRttiono abhyAsa karI tenAM pariNAma ane parimANa prajAgata karavAno umadA hetu mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyA vibhAge gaI sadInA sAThanA dAyakAnA pUrvArdhamAM amalI banAvyo, jene kAraNe bauddhadharmanA mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAranA akathya avazeSo zodhI kADhyA. mahAtUpanA peTALamAMthI be samudgaka hAtha lAgyA hatA, je baMne mATInA kUjAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta surakSita rIte mUkyA hatA. nAno samudgaka bAra senTImITara UMco ane 1.8 senTImITara jADAIno che. A dAbaDo barachaTa ane aNaghaDa che; kema ke enA bahAranA ane aMdaranA bhAge TAMkaNAnAM nizAna mojUda che. A dAbaDAmAM phakta citAbhasma surakSita che. enA upara koI lakhANa utkIrNa nathI. paraMtu ahIMthI prApta bIjo dAbaDo khUba ja dhyAnArDa ane rasaprada che. samagra dAbaDo traNa vibhAgamAM taiyAra thayelo che : DhAMkaNAnI mUTha (hAtho), DhAMkaNuM ane dAbaDAno mukhya bhAga. mUThano uparano bhAga goLa che ane nIcalo corasa. mUTha DhAMkaNAthI alaga che ane DhAMkaNAnA kANAmAM besADI zakAya tema che. DhAMkaNuM goLa che ane dAbaDAnA mukhya bhAga upara besADI zakAya tevI tenI racanA che. dAbaDAno mukhya bhAga paNa goLa che. dAbaDo bhUMgaLA-AkArano che. eno taLiyAno bhAga 17 se.mI.no che, UMcAI sAta se. mI.nI che ane DhAMkaNuM besADavA mATenI kora savA se.mI.nI che. Akhoya dAbaDo bahAranI bAjUe-upara, taLiye, bAjumAM-utkIrNa che. ApaNane A dAbaDAnI ahIM nisabata che enA lekhane kAraNe; ane teya dAbaDAnA mukhya bhAga upara kotarelA aitihAsika lekha bAbate. lekha brAhmI lipimAM ane saMskRta bhASAmAM che. saLaMga lakhANa kula pAMca paMktinuM che. aitihAsika lekhano sAra A mujaba che : agnivarmA ane sudarzana nAmanA be bauddha sAdhuoe mahAtUpanA nirmANamAM sakriya bhAga lIdho hato. dazabalanA avazeSo prApta karavAmAM temano sahayoga dhyAnArya gaNAya che. kathika rAjAonA 127mA varSe bhAdrapada mahinAnA pAMcamA divase A sUpa baMdhAyo. A kAryamAM pAzAntika ane paDI nAmanA be zAkya bhikSuo kArmotika (dekharekha adhikSaka) hatA. dazabala(buddha)nA dehAvazeSa dharAvato A zailasamudragaka (paththarano dAbaDo) senanA putra varAha nAmanA kuTTima (salATe) taiyAra karyo hato. buddhanI kRpA meLavavAnI AkAMkSAvALA mahAsana bhikSue dharma ane saMghanA utthAnArthe A dAbaDo meLavyo hato. A sUpanuM nirmANakArya pAMca varSamAM saMpanna thayuM hatuM. stUpa Akhoya IMTarI che. sUpamAMthI prApta buddhanI mUrtio dhyAnArha che. cASTananA samayano varSa 11no yaSTIlekha AMdhamAMthI A lekha gaI sadInA sAThanA dAyakAnA uttarArdhanA prAraMbhe maLI Avyo hato ane enuM prathama pRthakkaraNa zobhanA gokhalee karyuM hatuM. Ama to, A lekha kaccha myujhiyamanA tatkAlIna vastupAla dilIpa ke. vaidyanA dhyAnamAM Avelo. "zarUvAlI bAMdI'nAmathI oLakhAtA TekarAnA parisaramAMthI A lekha hAtha lAgyo hato. A Tekaro maIyArA taLAvane kAMThe Avelo che. Akhoya TIMbo agnidAhathI vyApta che. A TIMbo traNathI cAra killo mITaranA gherAvAmAM patharAyelo che. A lekhamAM cAra paMkti che. lekha khaMDita che. prathama be paMktinA prAraMbhanA traNathI cAra akSaro nAza pAmyA che, jayAre lekhano jamaNI taraphano bhAga akhaMDita che. lekhanI bhASA prAkRta che ane lakhANa gadyamAM che. lipi brAhmI che. lekha khUba ja nAno hovA chatAMya enuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cauda 243 itihAsImUlya akalpanIya che. A nAnakaDA lekhe itihAsanI eka mahattvanI ghaTanAnA pravartaka tarIke vizvavikhyAta abhiprAyane ulaTAvI dIdho che : A ghaTanA te zaka saMvatanI sthApanA ane pravartaka te kuSANa rAjavI kaNiSka. A lekhanI lipi IsvIsananI pahelI sadInI che. lekhamAMnA akSara moTA ane surakSita che. lekhano noMdhapAtra bhAga che cASTananA zAsanakALanuM vaheluM jJAta varSa. hamaNAM sudhI enA lekhomAM vaheluM jJAta varSa para hatuM. A lekhamAM vahelAmAM vaheluM varSa 11 che. A lekha spaSTataH cAkhanane sIdho sparze che ane enA kSatrapapada daramyAnano che. eTaluM ja nahIM enA svataMtra zAsanane samarthe che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke zaka varSa 11mAM cASTana zreSTha rAjakIya mobho aMke karI cUkyo hato. A lekhanI zodha pUrve pAMca mahattvanA muddAo kAlakrame samayAvadhimAM goThavavA zakya na hatA : (1) nahapAnanA amalano aMta, (2) kSatahAra vaMzanuM saMpUrNa unmelana, (3) cASTanano kSatrapa tarIke ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno sattAkALa, (4) jayadAmAnuM kSatrapa tarIkenuM zAsana ane (5) enA putra rudradAmAno rAjayAbhiSeka ane zAsanaamala. paNa AMdhaunA zaka varSa 11nA lekhanI zodha pachI A muddAo zakya banyA che. (lekhanA pATha mATe juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa nava.) A lekhathI have spaSTa thayuM che ke zaka saMvatanI sthApanA kaNikke nahIM paNa cAkhane karI che. (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa pAMca). cASTananA samayano dolatapurano varSa no lekha A yaSTilekha bhUjathI uttarapazcime 104 kilomITaranA aMtare AvelA dolatapura gAmethI sarapaMca dhanajI karasana paTelanA khetaramAMthI hAtha lAgyo hato ane kaccha saMgrahAlayanA tatkAlIna vastupAla dilIpa vaidya tene bhUja laI AvyA hatA. A lekhanuM pahelaprathama vAcana ane prakAzana zobhanA gokhalee karyuM hatuM ane eka dAyakA pachI gokhalenA lekha uparanI TIppaNI viziSTa rIte vAsudeva viSNu mirAzIe karI hatI. baMne vidvAnonA lekhanA zIrSaka uparathI dolatapura lekha vizenAM emanAM maMtavya emanA abhiprAyane abhivyakta kare che. A graMthalekhakane mirAzIno mata vadhAre grAhya jaNAyo che. A lekhamAM kula 13 paMkti che. cheka upalo bhAga tUTelo hoI prathama be paMktine nukasAna thayuM che. A sivAya badhI ja paMkti baMne tarapha akhaMDita che. jo ke chellI be paMkti aspaSTa athavA jhAMkhI che. lekha sArI rIte jatana pAmelo nathI. lakhANa kutahastalekhana prakAranuM che ane tethI vAcana ane arthaghaTana muzkela che. lekhamAMnA akSaranAM lakSaNa mirAzInA mate kuSANa samayanAM che. lakhANa hAtha upADyA vinA jANe lakhAyuM hoya tevuM che ane tethI cASTananA AMdhanA lekhomAM pahoLA ane spaSTa akSaro che tevA nathI. bhASA saMskRta-prAkRta mizra prakAranI che. lekhanuM mahattva bIjI paMktimAM nirdiSTa varSa 6 che. cASTananuM adyApi vahelAmAM vaheluM jJAta varSa 11 hatuM. have dolatapuranA lekhathI enuM vaheluM jJAta varSa 6 hAthavaguM thayuM che. jyAre For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zobhanA gokhalenA mata mujaba varSano nirdeza paMkti cAramAM che ane temanA jaNAvyA pramANe te zaka varSa 254 che. A varSa barobara IsvI 332-33 thAya, jyAre yazodAmAM rajAnuM zAsananuM hatuM. paraMtu A rAjAnuM nAma A lekhamAM nathI. A lekhamAM AbhIra Izvaradevano ullekha che paNa enA hodAno nirdeza nathI. eNe thoDA samaya mATe sattA saMbhALI hoya evuM zobhanA gokhalenuM mAnavuM che. paraMtu mirAzI A vAcana yogya gaNatA nathI; kema ke zobhanA gokhale e prathama traNa paMkti yogya rIte vAMcI nathI. mirAzInA mate cothI paMktinA aMtenI saMkhyA varSasUcaka nathI. kSatraponAM lakhANomAM varSano upayoga thayo che, nahIM ke saMvatsareno. AthI mirAzIne zobhanA gokhalenAM vAcana ane arthaghaTana svIkArya nathI. vA.vi.mirAzInA mate prathama paMktimAM...nI akSaro surakSita che ane te bahu ja mahattvanA che. emanA mate te akSaro vASTinanA aMzarUpa che. pazcimI kSatraponAM lakhANomAM viSTinanuM nAma acUka lekhanA AraMbhe hoya che kema ke te bIjA ane moTA tathA mahattvanA kuLano saMsthApaka hato. avalokana heThaLanA lekhamAM prathama paMktimAM cArunano nirdeza eTalA vAstu che ke A lekhanA nirmANa samaye te sattAdhIza rAjA hato. mirAzI anusAra paMkti thI 4nuM vAcana spaSTa che. : rAce vase 6.....vagere (juo pariziSTa dazamAM lekhano saMpUrNa pATha). Ano artha e che ke varSa mAM cATananA zAsana vakhate griSmanA bIjA mAsanA dazamA divase. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke bIjI paMktimAM chellA akSara varSa jUnA pratIka tarIke che ane mirAzI mujaba te asaMdigdhapaNe saMkhyAsUcaka che. zobhanA gokhale cothI paMktimAM rava evuM vAcana kare che jyAre mirAzI te rezvara che ema sUcave che. arthAt dolatapurano lekha IzvaradevanA samayano nathI paNa cASTananA samayano che27. A lekhanI prApti pachI ane enA vAcana-arthaghaTana pachI have to e sAbita thAya che ke zaka saMvatano pravartaka rAjA mahAkSatrapa cAnTana hato. gujarAtanuM rASTranA nirmANamAM A moMgheruM yogadAna che. varSa 320no rudrasiMhano sikko muMbaI sthita zrI sadAzaMkara zuklanA aMgata saMgrahamAM Azare 3000 sikkAo tyAre saMgRhIta hatA, jyAre A graMtha lekhake 1961 ane 1962mAM zodhakArya aMtargata emanA sikkAonI jAta tapAsa karI hatI. emanA A saMgrahamAM cilita saMjJAvALA sikkAothI prAraMbhI vartamAna samaya sudhInA lagabhaga pratyeka rAjavaMzanA, janapadanA, nagara-gaNanA ane videzI zAsakonA sikkAno samAveza hato. AmAM pazcimI kSatraponA 555 sikkAo surakSita hatA. A graMthalekhake kSatraponA badhA ja sikkAono vyaktigata abhyAsa karyo hato ane pratyeka sikkAnA agrabhAga ane pRSThabhAganI badhI ja vigatanI noMdha lIdhI hatI. AmAM ghaNA mahattvanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa cauda 245 sikkA hatA, jemAM eka to sImAcihna sikko hato. tatkAla sudhI A sikko ajJAta ane aprakAzita hato. A graMtha-lekhake pahela prathama tenI noMdha lIdhI hatI. A sikko cAMdIno che, goLAkAra che ane pazcimI kSatraponA chellA jJAta zAsaka mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 3jAno che, je svAmi mahAkSatrapa satyasiMhano putra che. - sadbhAgye A sikko sArI rIte sacavAyelo che, jethI tenA agrabhAga ane pRSThabhAga upara upasAvelI saghaLI vigato hAthavagI thaI zakI che. (juo pRSTha 252), pRSThabhAga uparanuM lakhANa lagabhaga saMpUrNa che, suvAcya che. sikko taiyAra karanAra rAjAnuM nAma ane tenA pitAnuM nAma hoddA sahita upasAveluM che. agrabhAga upara rAjAnA mastakanI pAchaLa varSasUcaka saMkhyA brAhmI lipimAM che. lakhANa paNa brAhmImAM ane saMskRtamAM che. zataka ane dazakanAM cihna suspaSTa che. ekamanA cihna mATe jagyA nathI. varSasUcaka cihna pachI tarata ja varSe evuM lakhANa che. sikkA uparanuM varSa 320 che, je zaka saMvatanuM che je barobara khrista saMvata 398 Ave. pazcimI kSatraponI sAlavArImAM hamaNAM sudhI A varSa chelluM jJAta varSa hatuM. pAdanoMdha 1. A pAMca lekho ogaNIsamI sadInA chellA dAyakAmAM zodhAyA hatA ane tatkAlIna kaccha rAjyanA dIvAna bahAdUra raNachoDabhAI udayarAme sAcavyA hatA. te pachI devadatta rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakare, tyAre teo bhAratIya purAvastu sarvekSaNanA pazcima vartuLanA sahAyaka adhikSaka hatA, 1906nA prAraMbhe A lekhonI noMdha lIdhI hatI. AmAMnA cAra lekho eI.mAM pragaTa thayA hatA. zeSa pAMcamo lekha A lekhake zodhanibaMdhamAM vIsamI sadInA chaThThA dAyakAmAM pahelaprathama vakhata prasiddha karelo. jyAre varSa 11no chaThTho lekha te pachI hAtha lAgelo jenI noMdha A prakaraNamAM have pachI ApI che. 2. avalokana heThaLano prastuta lekha A graMthalekhake "dha AMdhI iskripzana oNva rudrasiMha 1lo' nAmathI pragaTa karyo hato (juo saMbodhi, pustaka 3, aMka 2-3, 1974, pRSTha 45thI 49.) 3. A bAbatanI vadhu mAhitI mATe juo pAdanoMdha ramAM nirdiSTa A graMthalekhakano lekha. 4. girinagarano rudradAmAno zailalekha, rudrasiMhano guMdAno lekha, jayadAmAnA pautrano jUnAgaDhano lekha ane radrasenano gaDhAno lekha. A badhA lekhonA saMdarbha sAru juo pariziSTa 1mAM ApelA saMdarbha 5. A cAreya lekhonA saMdarbha mATe juo pAdanoMdha ramAM nirdiSTa lekhanI pAdanoMdha. 6. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa che. 7. 1962mAM A lekhanI cAkSuSa nakala A graMthalekhake lIdhI hatI ane tyAranA vastupAla mukunda rAvale eno phoTogrApha prasivi mATe Apyo hato. 8. vadhu vivecana ane vivaraNa vAste juo raseza jamInadAra, 'Tu mora inkripzansa oNva vesTarna kSatrapsa', saMbodhi, pustaka 3, aMka 4, 1975, pRSTha 73thI 76. 9. phoTogrAphasa ane zAstrInA pATha mATe juo te graMthamAM pRSTha 315 ane paTTa 17 e, naMbara I, 1960. 10. ha.gaM zAstrInA vAcana mATe ane A graMthalekhakanA vAcana mATe juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa daza. 11. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo uparyukta pAdanoMdha AThamAM nirdiSTa saMdarbha, pRSTha 75. 12. sarvagrAhI vivaraNa vAste juo pAdanoMdha AThamAM nirdiSTa saMdarbha pRSTha 76 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 13. enyuala riporTa oNva vaoNTsana myujhiyama oNva enTIkviTIjha, rAjakoTa, 1923-24, pRSTha 4 ane 12-13. 14. prasIDiMgsa oNva dha phiphatha inDiyana oNriyenTala kaoNnpharansa, pustaka 1, 1928, pRSTha pa6pathI. 15. raoNeso., oNkTobara, 1961. 16. raseza jamInadAra, "dha mevAsA iskripzanaH e rIekaIjhala', paMcAla, pustaka 7, 1994, kAnapura, | pRSTha 115thI 117. 17. jo ke A noMdha A graMthalekhakanA jovAmAM moDethI AvelI. vA. vi. mirazI, dha riDala oNva dha mevAsa sTona iskripzana oNva dha vesTarna kSatrapsa', joi., pustaka 28, aMka 1, 1972, pRSTha 56 6 2. 18. A aMge vadhu carcA mATe juo pAdanoMdha 16 mujabano lekha saMdarbha. 19. Ama to A lekhatraya vize A graMthamAM vigatapracUra mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che (juo pariziSTa sAta ane prakaraNa sAtamAM rudradAmA saMdarbhe vivaraNa tema ja pariziSTa che). paraMtu ahIM teno nirdeza Abhilekhika dRSTie karyo che. A traNamAMnA rudradAmAnA lekhano saMpUrNa pATha ahIM pariziSTa daza ApavAmAM Avyo che. 20. AnI vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo 2. nA. mahetA ane sU. nA. caudharIkRta graMtha eskavezana eTa devanI morI, vaDodarA, 1966. 21. A vize juo : ejana, pRSTha 118thI 121, AkRti 46, paTTa 34, 35, 36e, 36bI. 22. juo jarnala oNva eAnTa inDiyana hisTarIpustaka 2, aMka 1-2, kolakAtA, 1968-69, pRSTha 104thI 111. 23. lakhANanA varNavinyAsa vagere vAste juo : ejana, pRSTha 111 105-06. 24. juo A vize A graMthamAM prakaraNa chamAM "vikrama saMvata' vizenI carcA tathA pRSTha upara pAdanoMdha 32. 25. "dolatapura iskripzana oNva AbhIra Izvaradeva zaka varSa 254', joI., pustaka 18, naMbara 3, 1969, pRSTha 237thI 242. lekhano phoTogrApha emaNe pRSTha 244nI sAme pleTa upara prakAzita karyo che. 26. "dolatapura injhizana oNva dha reIna cAlTana : iyara 6', joI., pustaka 28, naMbara 2, 1978, | pRSTha 34thI 37. emaNe paNa phoTogrApha Apyo che. 27. ahIM sudhInA vivaraNa vAstu ane vadhu vigato mATe pAdanoMdha 25 ane 26mAM ulikhita zobhanA gokhale ane vA.vi.mirAzInA lekho avazya jovA. 28. juo janyusoI, pustaka 30, 1968, pRSTha 198thI 200, ploTa naMbara 2, krama naMbara 16, upara A graMthalekhakanI noMdha : "ena ananoTisTa vesTarna kSatrapa kaoNina". For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa daza keTalAka abhilekhonA pATha prakaraNa caudamAM vizleSita abhilekhonA pATha ahIM te ja krame prastuta che. AMdhIno zilAlekha : varSa 114 (rudrasiMha 1lo) 1. [pu] trasya rAjJo kSatrapa [sya] jaya 2. dAma pautrasya rAjJo ma[hAkSatra] 3. pasya svAmi rudradAmA putrasya 4. [rA]jJo mahAkSatrapasya svAmi rudrasi-- 5. hasya varSe 100 [+] 10 [+] 4 je(jye)SThAmUliye 6. [zuddhA dvAdaziya mi[ti] pratiSThApe (?) 7. AbhIra pu[za] [ka] 8. [?] [?] [pu]tra[sya] 8. devAna kasa gautra[sya] 10. naMdaka ha[ste] uthApita vAMDhano zilAlekha : varSa 110 (rudrasiMha 1lo) .1. rAjJo mahAkSa[trapasa] rudradAma putra 2. sa [rA]jJo mahA.........sa svAmi rudrasiMha 3. sa [vAre] se 100 [+] 10 - nitasa..........ha 4. aryamA svAmitra - - rudramA - - mu| 5. [va] kasa gotra tha varitra vijaya - ratra - thApita 6. - - - - - - - kezara sikava rita zikSA : varSa 105 (?) ha.gaM zAstrInuM vAcana 1. [1]jJo mahAkSatrapasya...............sya - - dasa................tara 2. ..........kha.........ma....................sad sera putrasya For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 3. ............sa.........sasvahitA.....................mma........taka A graMthalekhakanuM vAcana 1. rAjJo mahAkSatrapa[sa]ya..........sva........va........sya dvisaMvatsare 2. zatame 100 [+] 5 putra dapala siMhasena putrasya 3. sarvasatvahita sukhArtha miti [prati]SThApitaha ni.....zrudhejri bhevAsAno zikSA : varSa 103 (?) vA. vi. mirAzInuM vAcana 1. siddhaM rAjJo maha[hA]kSatrapasya cASTana[sya] 2. putra pra putrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya bhadidama[sya] 3. putra pra putrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya varSazatad 4. tri(u)ttreke vapaputrasya zvasana[pra] putrasya abhirasya 5. harihovakasa gotrasya vasurAkasya guzanadauhitrasya 6. kArtika [su]da [di] 7 / rAjyezvarasya bhartRya DipraSTapi 7. ta (tA)............bhavanaM ca girinagarano zailalekha : varSa 72 udradAmA) 1. siddhaM idaM taDAkaM sudarzanaM gi[i] nagarAdapi........[mRtti]kopala vistArAyAmocchrayaniH ___ sandhibaddhadRDhasarvapALIkatvAtparkhatapA 2. dappratispardhisuzliS[T] [ba] [ndha?]m..........jAtenA kRtrimeNa setubandhenopapannaM supprativihitappranALIparI..........Aha 3. mIDhavidhAnaM ca triskan...........nAdibhiranugrahairmahatyupacaye vattate [1] tadidaM rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya sugRhI 4. tanAmnaH svAmicaSTanasya pautra.............putrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya gurubhirabhyastanAmno rudradAmno varSe dvisaptatitam [e] 70 2 5. mArgazIrSa bahulaprat [i]............sRSTavRSTinA parjanyena ekArNavabhUtAyAmiva pRthivyAM kRtAyAM girerUrjayataH suvarNasikatA 6. palAzinIprabhRtInAM nadInAM atimAtro dvRttaii~gaiH setuma..............mANAnurUpapratI kAramapigirizikharatarUtaTATTAlakopatalpadvArazaraNocchyavidhvaMsinA yuganidhanasaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa nava 249 7. zaparamaghoravogena vAyunA pramathitasalilavikSiptajarjarIkRtAva [dI?]........ tAzmavRkSagulmalatApratAnaM A nadi [ta]lA[d] ityudghATitamAsIt catvAri hastazatAni vIzaduttarANyAyatena etAvatyeva vistIrNena 8. paJcasaptatiM hastAnavagADhena bhedena nissRtasavatoyaM marudhanvakalpamati...bhRzaM durda.........a.....ya[A]rthe mauryasya rAjJaH caMdraguptasya......ASTriyeNa [va] aizyena puSyaguptena kAritaM azokasya mauryasya te yavanarAjena tuS [A] sphenAdhiSThAya 8. pranALIbhirala[m] kRta[m] tatkAritayA ca rAjAnurUpakRtavidhAnayAtasmibhede dRSTyA pranADyA vis [4] taseta [u]..........NA A garbhAtprabhRttyavihata samud[i] [ta?] [A]ja lakSmI dh [Ara]NAguNatassaddhavarNairabhigamya rakSaNArtha patitve vRtena A prANocchAsAtpuruSavadhanivRttikRta10. satyapratijJena......anya[ta] 2 saMgrAmezvabhimukhAgatasadRzazatrupraharaNavittaraNatvAvi guNari[pu]........ta kAruNyena svayamabhigatajanapadapraNipati[ta] A[ya] u?] prazaraNadena dasyuvyALa-mRgarogAdibhiranupasRSTapUrvanagaranigam11. janapadAnAM svavIryyArjitAnAmanuraktasarvaprakRtInAM pUrvAparAkarAvantya nUpanIvRdAnata surASTrazca[m] [ ma]ru[kac] cha[sa]i[na] dhus[au] va[I]ra kukurAparAMtaniSAdAdInAM samagrANAM tatprabhAvAd [ya] a.......ra[tttha] kAmaviSayANA[m] viSayANAM patinA sarvvakSatrAviSkRta12. vIrazabdajAtotsekAvidheyAnAM yaudheyAnAM prasahyotsAdakena dakSiNApathapatessAtakarNeDheirapi nIrvyAjamavajItyAvajItyasaMbaMdhAv[i] dUrayA anutsAdanAtprAptayazasAmA da].........[sa] vijayena bhraSTarAjapratiSThApakena yathArthahasto 17. cchyArjitejitadharmAnurAgena zabdArthagAndharvvanyAyAdyAnAM vidyAnAM mahatInAM pAraNadhAraNavijJAna prayogAvAptavipulakIttinA turagagajarathaca-sicarma niyudhAdyA........[ti] parabala lAghavasauSThavakriyeNa aharahanamAnAna14. vamAnazIlena sthUlalakSeNa yathAvatprApterbalizulkabhAgaiH kanakarajatavajravaidUryaratnopacaya viSyandamAnakozena sphuTalaghumadhuracitrakAntazabda samayodArAlaMkRtagadyapadya ........na pramANamAnonmAnasvaragativarNa sArasattvAdibhiH 15. paramalakSaNavyaMjanairupetakAntamUrtinA svayamadhigatamahAkSatrapanAmnA narendrakanyA svayaM varAnekamAlyaprAptadAmn[A] mahAkSatrapeNa rudradAmnA varSasahasrAya gobrAha[ma] a.........[stha]m dharmakIrti vuddhyarthaM ca apIDayit [va]A karaviSTi 16. praNayakriyAbhiH paurajAnapadaM janaM svasmAtkozA mahatA dhanaughane anatimahatA ca kAlena trig [e]Na dRDhataravistArAyAma setu vidhA[ya][sa][]vata e..........[s]udarzanataraM For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kAritami[t]i[s] bhinnatthe 17. mahAkSatrapa[s]ya matisacivakarmasacivairamAtyaguNasamudyuktairapyati mahatvA dbhedasyAnutsAha vimukhamatibhi(:) pratya(A) khyAtAraMbhaM 18. punaH setubandhanaira (A) zyAdhAhAbhUtAsu prajAsu ihAdhiSThAne paurajAnapadajanAnugrahArthaM pAthivena kRtsnAnAmAnartasurASTrAnAM pAlanArthanniyuktena 18. pahnavena kulaipaputreNAmAtyena suvizAkhena yathAvadarthadharmavyavahAradarzanairanurAgamabhivardhayatA zaktena dAntenA capalenA vismitenAryeNAhAyyeNa 20. svadhitiSThaMtA dharmakIrtiyazAMsi bharturabhivardhayAtAnuSThitamiti // devanI morIno zaila-samudgaka (asthipAtralekha) 1. namassarvajJAya (1) 2. jJAnAnukampAkAruNyaprabhAvanidhaye namaH [1] 3. samyak saMbuddha [sUryAya paravAditamonude [ // 1 // ] 4. saptAMviMzatyadhike kathika nRpANAM samAgate [s] dvazate [1] 5. bha(bhA)drapadapaMcamadine nRpatau zrIrudrasene ca [ // 2 // ] 6. kra (kR)tamavaniketubhUtammahAvihArAzraye mahAstUpam / 7. satvAnekAnugrahaniratAbhyAM zAkyabhikSubhyAm [||3||] 8. sAdhvagnivarmA nAmanA sudarzanena ca vimuktaraMdhe Na [1] 8. kAAntikau ca pAzAntikapaDDau zAkyabhikSukAvatR(tra) [ // 4 // ] 10. dazabalazarIranilayazzubhazailamayassvayaM varAheNa [1] 11. kuTTimakato ka(kR)toyaM samudgakassena putreNa [ // 5 // ] 12. mahasenabhikSurasya ca kArayitA vizrutaH samudgakasya [1] 13. sugataprasAdakAmo buddhAyarthandharma saDyAbhyAm [ // 6 // ] bhAMdhInI yaSTI5 : varSa 11 (pATana) 1. ........pasa ysAmotikaputrasa 2. .......samaM varSAye 11 pAlitakasa For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa nava 251 3. .......putrasa mAdhukAnasa jAta 4. .......laSI......putrahI uthApitA choratapurano yaSTIpa : varSa (pATana) zobhanA gokhaleno pATha 1. - nyanabhya_ 2. - rAjAbhismi pra 3. - di (?) priya senasya 4. - savasare tri 254 5. - aya gotRya (jJa) - dyutikhA mineha - sudosakrasa gotra 8. - sya abhirasyajyai 8. - traka pautrasya va 10. - rAhadeva putrasya 11. - Izvaradeva putrasya 12. - diti gotrahitAya vi.vi.mirAzIno pATha 1. [ysAmotika putrasya] 2. kSatrapasa cASTanasya 3. rAjye vase 6 [gi] 4. mha ditiya mAsa da 5. sa vAsaretri(tra) rAjye va 6. susagotraya 7. priti svAmine va 8. surotakasudAya i wo v je For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 8. abhirasya [Abhirasya] 10. yakra pautrasya va 11. rAhava putrI 12. zirezvara] revacce 13. gotrahitAya 14. [7] [thApitta, rudrasiMha trIjo : cAMdIno sikko : varSa 320 agrabhAga : dakSiNAbhimukhe rAjAnuM uttarAMga. tenI pAchaLa brAhmI varSe 320' AMkaDAmAM - 7 upasAveluM che. pRSThabhAga : sikkAnI madhyamAM trikUTa parvatanuM AkarSaka pratIka aMkita che. enA upalA zikharanI Toce eka caMdranuM ane parvatanI samAMtara DAbI bAjUe bIjA caMdranuM tathA jamaNe sUryasUcaka kiraNonuM cihna che. parvatanI nIce sarpAkAra rekhA nadInuM sUcana kare che. A badhAM cihnonA vRttAkAre brAhmI lipi ane saMskRtamAM lakhANa che : rANo mahAkSatrapasa vA(mi) satyasiMhaputra rAjJo (mahA) kSatra(paNa) svA(mi) rUdrasiMha | lakhANanI pharate kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. rudrasiMha trIjo : cAMdIno sikko : varSa 337. agrabhAga : rAjAnuM dakSiNAbhimukha uttarAMga. enI pAchaLa brAhmI aMkamAM 337 = zaka saMvatanuM varSa aMkita che. pRSThabhAga : sikkAnI madhyamAM trikUTa parvatanuM pratIka spaSTa rIte aMkita thayeluM che. parvatanA upalA zikharanI DAbe caMdranuM pratIka che ane jamaNe sUryasUcaka sAta TapakAMyukta cihna che. parvatanI nIce lagabhaga vAMkIcUMkI rekhA nadInuM sUcana kare che. A badhAM cihnanA vRttAkAre ane sikkAnI samagra goLAkAra dhAranI samAMtare brAhmI lipi ane saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhANa upasAveluM che : rAjJa mahAkSatrapasa svAmi satyasiMhaputrasa rAjJa (mahA) kSatrapasa svA(mi) rudrsiNh| lakhANanI pharate kinArane samAMtara TapakAMnI hAra che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara prakaraNa soLa prakaraNa sattara prakaraNa aDhAra prakaraNa ogaNIsa prakaraNa vIsa prakaraNa ekavIsa prakaraNa bAvIsa pariziSTa agiyAra pariziSTa bAra : sAhityika pravRtti (prakAra, kRtio, vAcanA) : zikSaNapaddhati ane bhASAlipi : : : : lalitakalA-2 : IMTerI sthApatya lalitakalA-3 : zilpasamRddhi : lokajIvana (prAkRtika, Arthika ane sAmAjika) : rASTrIya virAsatamAM yogadAna : : vibhAga pAMca sAMskRtika itihAsa dharma-paraMparA lalitakalA-1: zailotkIrNa sthApatya prakIrNa sthApatya hunnarakaLA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara sAhityika pravRtti (prakAra, kRtio, vAcanA) lalita sAhitya pazcimI kSatraponA zAsana heThaLanA gujarAtamAMthI lalita sAhityanA graMthonA rUmanA adyApi avagata thayA nathI, paraMtu abhilekhonA AvazeSika pramANoe A samayanA lalita sAhityanI pravRtti paratve ThIka ThIka sAmagrI saMpaDAvI ApI che. rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha ane devanI morIno asthipAtralekha kSatrapakAlIna lalita sAhityanI yatkiMcit jANakArI kAje upakAraka thAya che. A baMnene prazastilekho gaNAvI zakAya; chatAMya enuM hArda to aitihAsika che. girinagarano zailalekha vartamAna jUnAgaDha zaheranA bhaugolika parisaramAM sthita azokanA khaDakalekhothI jJAta ane rASTrIya smAraka tarIke nAmAMkita pUrvakAlIna sudarzana jaLAzayanA kAMThe AvelA khaDaka upara pazcima taraphanA bhAge mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAno lekha utkIrNa che'. enA lekhakanuM nAma jANavA maLyuM nathI; paraMtu zuddha saMskRta gadyamAM lakhAyelo A lekha pUrvakAlIna Abhilekhika namUno che tema UMcI kakSAnA gaghanuM ghotaka udAharaNa che. lekhaka ajJAta hovA chatAMya samagratayA samIkSAthI sUcita thAya che ke eno racayitA UMcI koTino kavi hovo joIe. lekhanI bhASA pravAhI ane kAvyamaya che. ThaMDInA hrAvyAzamAM nirdiSTa vaidarbhirItinAM keTalAMka lakSaNo A lekhamAM jovAM prApta thAya che. bIjI sadInA A lekhanI gadyazailI hariSaNanA cothI sadInA lekhamAMnA gadyavibhAganI zailIne ghaNI rIte maLatI Ave che. AthI to bUla2 ene gadyam Avyam kahe che te yathArtha che. Ama A lekha AlaMkArika saMskRta gadyano pUrvakAlIna namUno che. A lakhANa jAhera DhaMDherA ke sa2kA2I ghoSaNA svarUpanuM hoI ema khasUsa kahI zakAya ke tatkAlIna gurjara prajAno moTo hisso saMskRta bhASAthI suparicita haze. ema paNa kahI zakAya ke tyAre te lokabhASA haze. samagra lakhANa dIrgha-laghu alaMkArathI sabhara che. zabdAlaMkAro ane khAsa karIne anuprAsa alaMkAranuM bAhulya dhyAnArha che. uparAMta arthAlaMkAramAM upamA4, atizayokti, utprekSA, parika tathA yamaka jevA alaMkArono viniyoga thayo che je paNa noMdhapAtra che. lAMbA samAsanI kSipratA ghaNI che. A lekhamAM Ta-laghu-madhura-citra-jAnta zabda samayovArAnaMta jevA zabdasamUha kAvya lakSaNono nirdeza kare che. AmAMnAM traNa lakSaNo -mAdhurya, ddAratA ane Anti - bharate ane daMDIe. jaNAvelAM daza lakSaNomAM samAviSTa che. traNamAM prathama zabdaguNa ane arthaguNa che ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 256 bIjAM bemAM kevaLa arthaguNa che. zeSa lakSaNomAM sphuTa e kAvyaguNa che, vu e sUtrazailInuM ghotaka che. vitra e adhama kAvya kAje prayojAto zabda che, to zaXsamayam e zabdazailI sUcave che. bharate ane daMDIe gaNAvelAM daza lakSaNo vaidarbhIzailInAM dRSTAMta che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM vaidarbhizailIno sAhityamAM viniyoga thato haze. ema paNa AthI sUcita thAya che ke IsvInI bIjI sadI daramyAna gujarAtamAM kAvyasAhitya apekSita rIte pracAramAM haze. devanI morIno asthipAtralekha zAmaLAjInA vaiSNavatIrthanAM sAMnidhyamAM mezvo nadInA kAMThe devanI morI gAmanI bhAgoLe 'bhojarAjano Tekaro'nAmathI oLakhAtA TekarA uparathI bhagavAna tathAgatanA zarIrAvazeSane sAcavato mahAstUpa hAtha lAgyo hato1. A stUpanA peTALamAMthI eka zailasamudgaka hAtha lAgyo che. bhUkharA paththaramAMthI nirmANa karelA A dAbaDAnA samagra DhAMkaNA upara, enI bahAra-aMdaranI bAjU, dAbaDAnA mukhya bhAganI cAreya bAjU upara tathA taLiyAnA bhAge-Ama samagra dAbaDA upa2 brAhmI lipimAM ane pAli bhASAmAM pratItyasamutttAvano bauddhadharmano siddhAMta tathA brAhmIlipimAM ane saMskRta bhASAmAM aitihAsika lekha che12. A zailasamudgaka abhilekha saMskRta padyamAM che ane pUrvakAlIna padya abhilekhomAM pUrvakAlInatama hovAno jaNAya che. saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA prastuta lekhano padyaracanAmAM dekhAtI thoDI aniyamitatA prAkRtanI asara sUcave che. A kAvyamAM pahelo zloka anuSTupa che. bIjo, trIjo,pAMcamo ane chaThTho zloka gIti chaMdamAM che. AryA chaMdanuM baMdhAraNa 12, 18 ane 12, 15nuM che. cotho zloka gIti chaMdamAM che ane tenuM baMdhAraNa 12, 18 ane 12, 18nuM che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke tatkAlIna gujarAtanA lalitasAhityamAM prazaMsAno prakAra vidyamAna haze ane prajA prazasti kAvyano AsvAda mANatI haze. dArzanika sAhitya vAlabhI vAcanA jainonAM Agama sAhityanAM dvAdaza aMga hatAM. A aMgonuM jJAna sudharmAthI AraMbhI bhadrabAhu sudhInA gaNadharoe jALavI rAkhyuM hatuM. mauryakALanA AraMbhamAM magadhamAM saMpanna thayelI pariSade A bAra Agamo saMkalita karyAM hatAM. paraMtu kALabaLe A Agamo chinnabhinna thatAM gayAM. AthI, vIra nirvANathI Azare 827 ke 840 varSa pachI arthAt IsvI 300 ke 313mAM Agamone pharIthI suvyavasthita karavAnA hetvarthe ane lupta thayelI AgamavAcanAne punazca saMkalita karavA kAje AcArya Arya skaMdilanA adhyakSapade mathurAmAM zramaNasaMgha ekjho thayo ane jemane jemane AgamasUtra ke khaMDa smaraNamAM hatAM te lakhAvavA lAgyA. Ama, Agamo saMkalita thayAM, je mAthurI vAvanA athavA AMvitI vAcanA tarIke khyAta che14. A ja samaya daramyAna mathurAnI jema gujarAtamAM AvelA valabhImAM AcArya nAgArjunanI adhyakSatAmAM zramaNa saMghanI pariSada maLI. upasthita sahune je je Agama, enA For Personal & Private Use Only

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257 prakaraNa paMdara anuyoga tathA prakaraNagraMtha yAda hatAM tene likhita svarUpa apAyuM ane Ama eka anya vAcanA taiyAra thaI, je vAtamI vAvanA ke nA IILunI vAvanA tarIke khyAta thaI 5. samakAlIna evI A baMne pravRttionA AcArya parasparane nahIM maLI zakavAne kAraNe temaNe baMnee taiyAra karelI vAcanAomAM pAThabheda rahevA pAme e bAbata sAhajika ane svAbhAvika gaNAya. AthI, vIra nirmANa 988 ke 993 arthAt IsvI 454 ke 467mAM devardhvigaNi kSamAzramaNe A baMne vAcanA saMkalita karI tyAre temaNe mAtharI vInAne mukhya vAcanA tarIke svIkArI, vAtamI vAvanAnA pAThabheda vAyaaMtara tarIke noMdhyA; arthAta je pAThono samanvaya nA thaI zakyo te nALunIyAstu parva vanti e rIte eno nirdeza karyo. devaddhigaNie saMkalita karelI A vAcanAprata deza samastanA zvetAMbaromAM adhikRta vAcanA tarIke svIkAra pAmI. Ama, vAlabhIvAcanAnA saMkalana vaDe gujarAta kSatrapakAla daramyAna AgamIya sAhitya paraMparAne jALavAmAM ghaNo phALo noMdhAvyo ema khasUsa kahI zakAya. agAu noMdhyuM tema A vAcanA vIranirvANanA 827(ke 842) IsvI 300mAM ke 313mAM taiyAra thaI hovAnuM spaSTa siddhasena divAkara emanA vize aitihAsika pratyakSa pramANa upalabdha nA hoI siddhasena divAkaranA jIvana ane kavananI jANakArI vAste ApaNe jainaparaMparAno AdhAra levo paDe che. teo agraNI jaina tattvajJa ane kAna philasUphInA agresara puraskartA hatA. emanI kRtiomAM avalokanathI temanI spaSTabhASitA ane svataMtra vicAraka tarIkenI nIDara paNa nirdaza upAsanA abhivyakta thAya che. potAne abhipreta evA spaSTa vicAro vyakta karavAmAM e koInIye zarama rAkhatA na hatA, jeno pratyaya ApaNane jaina Agamone saMskRtamAM anudita karavAnA vicAra mAtrathI guptaveze rahevAnuM prAyazcita karavAnI siddhasenanI tatparatAmAM dRSTigocara thAya che. AthI, ema kahI zakAya ke jaina paraMparAne custa rIte vaLagI rahenAra jainAcArya paikInA teo na hatA. emano samaya jANavA sAru pratyakSa pramANo upalabdha nathI. paraMtu temaNe racelI kRtio, jaina paraMparA ane nizcita samayavALA emanA anugAmI lekhakonA graMthomAM thayelA siddhasenanA nirdezathI emanA samayane jANI zakAya che. haribhadranA (vikramano AThamo saiko) paMvavastumAM ane enI TIkAmAM sambhaTTa ke sampati evo ullekha che te sAthe enA racayitA divAkaranoya nirdeza che. jinadAsagaNi mahattaranI nizIthasUtra pUfNamAM paNa sanmati ane enA kartA tarIke siddhasena vizenA traNa saMdarbha che. A lekhakanI eka kRti naMtIsUtra pUraNano samaya zaka saMvata 198no che 9. prastuta be ullekhathI spaSTa thAya che ke siddhasena vikramanA AThamA saikA pUrve koIka samaye vidyamAna hovA joIe. prabhAvati '0 mujaba siddhasena vRddhavAdInA ziSya hatA ane vRddhavAdI skaMdilAcAryanA ziSya hatA. skaMdilAcArya IsvInA cothA saikAnA prathama caraNamAM vidyamAna hatA ema mAthurI For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vAcananA samaya uparathI sUcavI zakAya che. eTale skaMdilanA ziSya vRddhavAdI ane vRddhavAdInA ziSya siddhasena dilanA uttara samakAlIna hovA joIe. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke siddhasena IsvIsananI cothI sadInA trIjA caraNamAM kAryarata hovA joIe. malavAdInA drazAniyavamAM siddhasenA sanmatiprajharano nirdeza che. temaNe siddhasenanA prastuta graMtha upara TIkA paNa racI che. prabhAvakacaritakAra malyavAdIne vIra nirvANa 884 ke vikrama saMvata 414 eTale IsvI 357nI AsapAsa hayAta hovAnuM sUcave che. tadanusAra siddhasena kAM to mallavAdInA samakAlIna hoya ke pUrvasamakAlIna hoya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e ke siddhasena vIra nirvANanA navamA saikAnA prathama be caraNa daramyAna ke vikramanA cothA saikAnA chellA be caraNa daramyAna eTale ke IsvI 300nI AsapAsa vidyamAna hoI zake. emanA graMtha emaNe traNa graMtha racyA hovAnI mAhitI che : sanmatiprakaraNa, vatrIsImo ane nyAyAvatAra. A traNeya kRtio vartamAne upalabdha che. sanmatiyvArA nAmano graMtha siddhasenano dhyAnArya graMtha che. siddhasenanI pahelAM jaina darzanamAM tarkazAstra anvaye koI saLaMga siddhAMta pracalita na hato. eTale ke jainadarzanomAM takavijJAnanA prameyane sthira karavA emaNe A graMtha racyo hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. prastuta graMthanI racanAno mULa graMthakArano zo udeza haze te aMge paMDita sukhalAlajI AvI noMdha rajU kare che : jaina darzananA prANarUpa ane jaina AgamonI cAvIrUpa manta dRSTinuM vyavasthita rIte navesarathI nirUpaNa karavuM, tarkazalIe tenuM pRthakkaraNa karI tArkikomAM temanI pratiSThA sthApavI, darzanAMtarono zo saMbaMdha che te darzAvavuM; anekAMta daSTimAMthI phalita thatA bIjA vAdonI mImAMsA karavI, potAnA samaya sudhImAM dArzanika pradezamAM carcAtA muddAone anekAMtanI dRSTie nirUpavA ane potAne skUla navIna vicAraNAone prAcIna tema ja pratiSThita anekAMtanI dRSTinA nirUpaNano Azraya laI vidvAno samakSa mUkavI25. iti. A graMtha prAkRtamAM racAyelo che, paraMtu siddhasenanA saMskRta adhyayananI asara paNa enI rajUAta upara jovI prApta thAya che. prastuta pustaka padyamAM ane mAryA chaMdamAM lakhAyuM che. sadara kRtimAM kula 166 zloka traNa kAMDamAM vaheMcAyelA che. dA.ta. pahelA kAMDamAM 54 zloka che, bIjAmAM 43 zloka ane trIjAmAM 69 zloka che. sukhalAlajI traNeya kAMDamAMnA carcita viSayone AdhAre niyamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA ane pheyamImAMsA jevAM nAma prayoje che. siddhasena divAkarano bIjo graMtha che vatrIso. batrIsI eTale batrIsa zloka pramANa arthAt je kRtimAM 32 zloka hoya tene batrIsI kahevAya. A prakAranI racanAmAM kAM to eka saLaMga chaMda upayogAyo hoya che, kAM to AraMbha ane aMtamAM chaMdabheda hoya che. siddhasenanI upalabdha vatrIsInI saMkhyA 22 che, jemAMnI chellI eTale ke bAvIsamI batrIsI alaga racanA tarIke svIkArAI che. A chellI batrIsInuM nAma che cAyavatAra. dArzanika ane AlaMkArika pratibhAsaMpanna vidvAnane chAje evI prauDha ane saMskRta padyamAM racAyelI A bAvIseya For Personal & Private Use Only

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259 prakaraNa paMdara batrIsIo che. nirUpaNanI dRSTie upalabdha batrIsIone traNa vibhAgamAM vibhAjita thaI zake : 1. stutyAtmaka, 2. samIkSAtmaka ane 3. dArzanika. 1thI 5, 11mI ane 21mI ema sAta batrIsIo prathama vibhAgamAM Ave. A batrIsIomAM kathita viSaya mahAvIranI stutino che. AmAM, mukhyatve vasaMtatilakA, vaitAlIya| upajAti, zikharaNI vagere chaMda prayojAyA che. A sAteya batrIsImAM AraMbha ane aMtano chaMdabheda che. 6ThThI ane 8mI batrIsI samIkSAtmaka prakAranI che. baMnenA AraMbha-aMtano chaMdabheda che. 6ThThImAM mahAvIranI samIkSA che, to 8mImAM jalpakathAnI samIkSA che. 7mI batrIsInuM vastu carcAtmaka che ane emAM vAdakaLAnuM rahasyavastu skuTa karyuM che. zeSa bAreya batrIsI dArzanika che. bAreyamAM eka ja chaMda-anuSTrapa-prayojAyo che. ekeyamAM chaMdabheda nathI. A bAreya dArzanika batrIsIomAM upaniSada, gItA, nyAya, sAMkhya, vaizeSika, bauddha, jaina vagere darzanonI carcA samAviSTa che. 17mI, 18mI, 19mI, 20mI ane raramImAM jainadarzananA tAttvika vicAro varNita che. cAyAvatAra Ama to alaga graMtha tarIke jJAta hovA chatAMya e paNa bAvIsa batrIsIomAMnI ja eka batrIsI che ane eno krama raramo che. paraMtu enuM viziSTa mahattva hoI eno alaga nirdeza atre karyo che. muni jinavijayajI A graMthane saMskRta jaina sAhityamAM padyabaMdha evI Adi tarka racanA gaNe che.... jaina daSTie pramANonuM nirUpaNa karavuM e A graMthano varyu viSaya che. AmAM Agamokta jJAnanA pAMca prakAra ke pramANanA pratyakSa-anumAnAdi cAra prakAranuM varNana nathI. paraMtu AgamomAM ulikhita ane tattvArthasUtramAM viziSTa sthAna pAmelA pratyakSa ane parokSa ema be pramANonuM nirUpaNa che. cAyavatAramAM pramANasAmAnya ane tenA bhedanI vyAkhyA eTalA badhA vicArapUrvaka vyakta thayelI che ke pachInI aneka sadIo daramyAna jaina nyAyazAstrano purato vikAsa thayo hovA chatAMya zvetAMbara ke digaMbara saMpradAyanA koI AcAryane nyAyAvatAranI vyAkhyAomAM mAtra zAbdika pheraphAra sivAya kazuM umeravApaNuM rahyuM nathI. uparyukta graMthonA avalokanathI spaSTa thAya che ke siddhasenanA mAnasa upara veda, upaniSada, sAMkhya, vaizeSika, bauddha Adi jainetara darzanonA abhyAsanI pragADha asara aMkita thayelI joI zakAya che. Ama, vicAranI prauDhatA emanAM lakhANonI ciraMjIva buniyAda che. malavAdIsUri - A jainAcArya kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanA sahuthI pradhAna sAhityasvAmI ane khyAta tattvajJa hatA. mallavAdInA jIvanavRttAMtane nirUpavA kAje mukhya AdhAra prabaMdho che, jemAM emanA jIvana aMge be vibhinna paraMparA ApaNane hAthavagI thAya che. AmAMnI eka paraMparA mujaba teo valabhInA maitraka rAjA zilAdityanI bahenanA putra hovAnuM jaNAya che. A paraMparA jo ke vizvasanIya nathI. bIjI paraMparAnusAra teo bharukacchanA jainAcArya jinAnaMdanI bahena durlabhadevInA bhANeja hatA. A kathA vadhu zradheya jaNAya che. emano samaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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260 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta siddhasenanI jema mallavAdIno samaya nirNita karavA kAje koI pratyakSa pramANo upalabdha nathI. emanAM lakhANomAM koI racanAvarSa maLatuM nathI. AthI, emanA graMtha dariyamAM nirdiSTa pUrvAcAryonA samayanirNayathI, emanA graMthamAM jemano ullekha nathI evA anukAlIna tArkikonA samayanA saMdarbhamAM tathA jaina paraMparAnA anusaMdhAnamAM ApaNe malavAdInA samayane nizcita karavAno prayatna karavo rahyo. emanA prastuta graMthamAM vIvIpInA kartA bhartuhari, dinnAga tathA siddhasena divAkarano nirdeza che. AthI, malavAdI kAM to A traNeyanA anukAlIna hoya, kAM to samakAlIna. bhartRhari dinAganA samakAlIna hovAnuM jaNAya che. bauddha paraMparAnusAra, vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya, dinAgane IsvI 345 ane 425 vacce vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcave che. siddhasene dinAgano ullekha karyo ane malavAdIe e baMneno nirdeza karyo che. A saMdarbhe mallavAdI IsvInI cothI sadInAM chellAM be caraNa ane pAMcamI sadInA prathama caraNa daramyAna vidyamAna hoI zake.' emanA graMthamAM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (vikrama saMvata 666= IsvI 609) ane udyotakara (IsvI pa75thI 625) ema baMneno ullekha che. A daSTie malavAdI IsvInI sAtamI sadI pUrve arthAt chaThThI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna hovA joIe. malavAdInA graMtha vize TIkA lakhanAra siMhasUrinI TIkAmAM mULa graMthanA ghaNA aMza saMgRhIta nathI. eTale malavAdI ane siMhasUri vacce eka saikAthI vadhAre aMtara hovuM joIe. siMhasUri jinabhadragaNinA samakAlIna hoI IsunI chaThThI sadInA uttarArdhamAM jIvita hoya. ane to mallavAdIne ApaNe IsvInI pAMcamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM pravartamAna hovAnuM sUcavI zakIe. malavAdInA samayane nirNita karavA miSe uparyukta carcAnA saMdarbhamAM jaina paraMparAne paNa cakAsavI joIe. prabhAvakacaritakAre mallavAdIe bauddho sAthe karelA vivAdanI miti vIra saMvata 884 arthAt vikrama saMvata 414 ane IsvI 357-58 ApI che. A miti vizeSa svIkArya jaNAya che. tethI mallavAdIsUri IsunI cothI sadInA chellAM be ke traNa caraNamAM vidyamAna hovA joIe. emanI kRtio jaina paraMparA mujaba mallavAdIe zrutadevInA varadAnathI eka zloka mAtranA grahaNathI dazahajAra zlokapramANayukta nazAstranI racanA karI, jene zvetAMbara ane digaMbara baMne phirakAonA graMthomAM eka sarakhuM sthAna prApta thayuM che. A graMtha te dazArazna. A graMtha upalabdha nathI, paNa enA vize racAyelI TIkA(graMtha) upalabdha che. A TIkA siMhasUrie vikramanA sAtamA zatakamAM (vi. saM. 666thI 700nA samayAvadhimAM) 2 saMpanna karI hatI. prastuta TIkAnA AdhAre vIsamI sadImAM mULa graMthanuM saMbhavita kalevara taiyAra karavAnA trividha prayatna thayA che. pariNAme asala pustakano saMbhavita pATha hAtha thaI zakyo che. A graMthavizeSa jainadarzanazAstromAM ananya sthAna dharAve che. graMthanAma mujaba nayarUpI cakramAM bAra ArA che. graMthakartAe eka niSNAta zilpInI jema A cakranI racanA karI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 261 graMthakArano udeza e che ke badhA ekAMtavAdIo potAnA pUrvavAdIothI svayane zaktisaMpanna samaje che ane uttaravAdIonA astitvano khyAla sarakho karatA nathI. taTastha vyakti cakrAMtargata pratyeka vAdanI apekSita sabaLatA ke nirbaLatA samajI zake che. tethI malavAdIe A badhA vAdane paMktibaddha karavAne badale ke kramAnusAra varNavavAne sthAne cakrabaddha karavAno uddeza rAkhyo che. paMktibaddha racanAmAM to koI eka paMktine pahelI tathA koI ekane chellI mUkavI paDe ane uttarottara khaMDana karatAM Akhare chellI paMktine vijayI ghoSita karavI rahe. paraMtu vAdone jo cakrabaddha karAya to cakrane AraMbhAta na hovAthI, koI vAdano AraMbha ke koIno aMta nirNita karavAno prazna udbhavato nathI ja. A paddhatimAM to khaMDana-maMDananuM cakra cAlyA ja kare che, pharyA ja kare che. A cakramAM ApaNe avalokaryuM tema bAra ArA che. dareka cAra ArA dITha eka nemi(mArga) evA kula traNa nemi che. madhyamAM saghaLA ArAonA AdhArastaMbha jevuM tumba(nAbhi) che. pratyeka Aro eka svataMtra nayavAda che. A cakramAMnA cha ArAo dvavyArthikadaSTi vizeSanA che ane zeSa cha ArA paryAyArthikadaSTi vizeSanA che. prastuta graMtha saMskRtamAM che. nava pachInA A viSayanA graMthonAM nirIkSaNathI spaSTa thAya che ke temaNe saue jainetara darzanonA matanuM khaMDana karyuM che; jyAre malavAdInA graMthamAM badhA matonI taTastha samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke navA e svataH jaina maMtavya nathI, paraMtu je je jainetara maMtavya pracalita hatAM ene paNa naya nA rUpe saMgRhIta karyA che. nayanI AvI lAkSaNiktA malavAdIne ajoDa dArzanika tarIke khyAti saMpaDAvI Ape che. mallavAdInA pUrvakAlIna ane samakAlIna dArzanika graMtho je Aje aprApya che temanA matano saMgraha ane temanI samAlocanA jyamAM ekasAthe jovAM prApta thAya che. AthI, mallavAdIno graMtha kevaLa jainadarzanano nahIM paNa sarvadarzanano sarvagrAhI saMgrahagraMtha che ema khasUsa sUcavI zakAya. A dRSTithI ApaNA rASTranA samagra dArzanika vADmayamAM nayanuM sthAna avazya mahattvanuM gaNavuM joIe. mallavAdIe A uparAMta pArita nAmano 24000 zlokapramANayukta graMtha racyo hovAnuM prabhAvakacaritakAre noMdhyuM che. A kRti mULarUpe lupta thaI che tema ja TIkA rUpeya upalabdha nathI. parita eTale "jaina rAmAyaNa' ema kahevuM atizayoktibharyuM nathI; kema ke pA=rAma ane varitakakathA eTale ke "rAmakathA'. jainomAM "rAmakathAnI lokapriyatA eTalI pracAramAM che ke rAmanI kIrtine nirUpatAM ane rAmAyaNanuM viSayavastu nirUpatAM Azare pacAseka pustaka hovAnuM jaNAya che. adyApi evI mAnyatA rahelI ke vimalasUri nAmanA jainAcArye sau prathama pA nAmano rAmanI kathAne nirUpato kathAgraMtha lakhIne jaina rAmAyaNanI sRSTi nirmita karI. lagabhaga badhA ja vidvAno A matane anusare che. vimalasUrie graMtharacanAno samaya vIra nirvANa pa30 hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che 9. chatAMya graMthamAMnI sAmagrIne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne vidvAnoe A graMtha IsunI pahelI For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta sadIthI pAMcamI sadI sudhInI samayAvadhi daramyAna racAyo hovA vizenI dalIlo abhivyakta karI che. vimalasUrie ullikhita karelI miti mujaba A graMtha IsunI pahelI sadImAM lakhAyo hato, paNa A graMthanuM saMpAdana karanAra yAkobI enI racanA trIjI sadInA aMtamAM sUcita kare che. ghaNAbadhA adhyetAo yAkobInA matane svIkAre che. paraMtu ke. Ara. caMdrAe A graMthamAM nirdiSTa janajAtio, rAjyo, rAjanaitika ghaTanAo vagerenuM vigate vizleSaNa karIne sAbita karyuM che ke vimalasUrinirdiSTa miti vIra nirvANanI nahIM paNa vikrama saMvatanI hovI joIe. tadanusAra emanA paramavariya graMtha vi. saM. pa30=IsvI 473mAM racAyo hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM che ke malavAdI IsunI cothI sadInA chellAM be ke traNa caraNamAM vidyamAna hovA joIe. AthI, emanuM pArita pustaka paNa cothI sadI daramyAna, khAsa karIne enA uttarArdhamAM koIka tabakke, lakhAyuM hoya. eTale ke malavAdIno graMtha nizcitapaNe vimalasUri pUrveno graMtha gaNI zakAya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke parita graMtha jaina paraMparAmAM rAmakathAne sau prathama nirUpato hovAno saMbhava sUcita thAya che. siddhasena divAkara viracita sanmati prakaraNa graMtha upara mallavAdIe TIkA lakhI hovAnuM jaNAya cheH sanmatipragaTI. A graMtha paNa upalabdha nathI. Ama mallavAdIe traNa graMtha lakhyA hovAnuM kahI zakAya. sthiramati-guNamati A baMne vidyApuruSa valabhI najIkanA eka vihAramAM 44 rahyA hatA ane bauddha darzananA graMtho lakhyA hatA, evI vigata yuAna vAMganI pravAsano dhamAMthI 5 jANavA maLe che. sthiramati AcArya asaMganA ziSya hatA, jyAre guNamati AcArya vasubaMdhunA. keTalAka baMnene vasubaMdhunA ziSya tarIke oLakhAve che. saMbhava che ke uttarakALamAM sthiramati AcArya vasubaMdhunA ziSya rahyA hoya che. A baMne vidvAnoe ThIka saMkhyAmAM graMthapradAna karyuM hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake, paraMtu emanA mULa graMthonA cInI anuvAda uparathI emanI racanAono thoDoka khyAla prApta thAya che. sthiramatinA eka graMtha mahAyAnamAMfprAvezino cInI anuvAda upalabdha che. guNamatinA eka graMtha sUkSaNAnusArazAstrano cInI anuvAda paramArthe karyo hato. A uparAMta sthiramatie vasubaMdhunA padharmoza, madharmasamunvaya, viMzikA jevA upara TIkA lakhI hatI. madhyAntavimA ane zrAzyapa parivarta nAmanA graMthonI TIkA paNa sthiramatie karI hatI ane te baMne TIkA upalabdha che. mahIyAnadharmadhAtvaziSatazAstramAM sthiramatie baudhisatvonI kArakirdI vigate varNavI che. guNamatie vasubaMdhunA madharmoza upara vRtti lakhI bhAvavivekanA mAdhyamika matanuM khaMDana karyuM hatuM. yogAcAravAdanA prathama mukhya prasthApaka asaMga gaNAya che. Ane vijJAnavAda paNa kahevAya che. yogAcAravijJAnavAdano vikAsa thatAM asaMganI asarathI vasubaMdhu paNa enuM pratipAdana karatAM thayA. AthI ubhayanA ziSyadraya sthiramati-guNamati upara emanA gurujanonI vaicArika asara thaI hoya ane to teoe yogAcAravAdano pracAra gujarAtamAM karyo hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 263 baMneno samaya A baMne vidyApuruSanA samaya vize cokkasa abhiprAya darzAvavo muzkela che. ApaNe avalokI gayA ke baMne vidvAno asaMga-vasubaMdhunA ziSyo hatA. eTale A gurudrayanA samayanA AdhAre gurubaMdhunA samaya sUcita karI zakAya. asaMga ane vasubaMdhunA jIvanakAla cothI sadI daramyAna hovAno sAmAnya mata che. nalinAkSa dattanA mate asaMga IsvI 310 thI 39053 daramyAna vidyamAna hatA. ema.perine anusarIne IliyaTa vasubaMdhuno jIvanakALa IsvI 280thI 360no sUcave che. jayAre tamAkusu asaMgane IsvI 410thI pa00 vacce jIvita hovAnuM ane vasubaMdhune IsvI 420thI 500 daramyAna55 vidyamAna hovAnuM darzAve che. InsiMga paNa vasubaMdhuno pAMcamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM jIvanakALa sUcave che. prastuta vividha samayAMkana mujaba sthiramati-guNamatino jIvanakALa kAM to cothI sadInA uttarArdhamAM, kAM to pAMcamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM hoI zake. vasubaMdhune digAna nAmano ziSya hato, jeno ullekha siddhasena ane malavAdIe karyo che. vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya bauddha paraMparAnusAra didbhAgano samaya IsvI 345thI 425no sUcave che, je ApaNe agAu joI gayA (pRSTha 260). eTale dinAganA samakAlIna ane saMbhavataH sahAdhyAyIpala evA sthiramati-guNamati paNa cothI sadInA uttarArdhamAM ane pAMcamI sadInA prathama caraNa daramyAna vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. sthiramatinA eka graMthano cInI anuvAda IsvI 397thI 439 daramyAna thayo hovAno sta che. eTale mULa graMthanA kartA A samaya pahelA vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. tethI sthiramati cothI sadInA chellA be caraNamAM kAryarata hovAnA uparyukta saMbhavane samarthana prApta thAya che. yogAcAravAdanA saMsthApaka baudhisatva maitreyanAtha ayodhyAnA vatanI hatA ane teo IsvI 270thI 350nI vacce vidyamAna hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. A maitreyanAtha pAsethI asaMge jJAna prApta kareluM ane traNa graMtho racyA hovAnuM manAya che. AthI, asaMga IsvI 300thI 350nI samayAvadhi daramyAna vidyamAna hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che, to asaMganA laghubaMdhu vasubaMdhu tathA ubhayanA ziSya sthiramati-guNamati paNa IsunI cothI sadInA pahelA-bIjA, saMbhavataH bIjA-trIjA caraNa daramyAna kAryarata hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya. aMgavijjA paiNNaya ApaNA dezamAM jyotiSanA traNa prakAra che : siddhAMta jayotiSa, saMhitA jayotiSa ane horA jyotiSa. ahIM ApaNane nisabata vizeSa che saMhitA prakAranI jayotiSavidyA sAthe. Ano vikAsa jIvananAM vyAvahArika kSetromAM A vijJAnanI AvazyaktAmAMthI thayo. AthI, mAnavajIvana saMbaMdhita saMkhyAtIta bAbato A vidyAnA graMthomAM AvarI levAI che. anya prANIonI apekSAe mAnava vizeSa jijJAsu hoI enAmAM phalita bhAvanAnuM tattva vizeSa che je jyotiSano prANa che. phalitArtha janme che nimittamAMthI. atharvavedathI AraMbhI ApaNA ghaNA graMtho For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zAstro saMhitA jayotiSane varNave che. mAtra hindudharmanAM ja nahIM, bauddha ane jaina dharmomAM paNa jyotiSazAstrane sthAna saMprApta thayeluM che. nimitta jJAna ATha aMganuM che : vyaMjana, aMga, svara, bhIma, chinna, aMtarikSa, lakSaNa ane svapra61. jainoe aSTAMga nimitta jJAnano vikAsa svataMtra rIte karyo che. A AThane sUcaka nimitta kahevAya che, jemAM vastu ke kriyAne sUcanA maLe che. ahIM ApaNane prastuta che sUcaka nimittanA ATha prakAramAMnA eka prakAra nA vizenI carcAnuM kema ke ATheyamAM aM aMgenI vidyA zreSTha che, balake saMvidhAthI anya badhAM nimitta spaSTa thAya che. Ama to aMgavidyA ghaNA samayathI lokapracalita vidyA hatI ane che. manusmRti, brahmajAlasUta, jAtakagraMtho, thAnAMgasUtta, samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, pANinIya vyAkaraNa ityAdi graMthomAM aMgavidyA vize vattAochA nirdeza che. paraMtu A badhA ullekha A vidyAne nAstika gaNAve che. tethI te aMgenuM vistRta jJAna ApaNane hAthavaguM thatuM nathI. AthI, aMgavidhA e kaI vidyA che tenI koI mAhitI uparyukta AstikavAdI graMthomAM nathI. mAtra jainadharmamAM prastuta vidyA paratveno graMtha sacAI rahyo che, je A vidyA vize vigatapracUra mAhitI ApaNane saMpaDAvI Ape che. jaino paNa A vidyAne nAstika prakAranI gaNAvatA hovA chatAMya dRSTivAdra nAmanA bAramA aMgamAM mahAvIre nimitta jJAna darzAvatA A viSayano upadeza Apyo hato. Ama, A vidyAno upayoga dhArmika dRSTie niSiddha hovA chatAMya e vidyAnAM astitva ane pracAra cAlu rahyAM. paraMtu A vidyAnI vizeSa jANakArI ahIM varNita pustakanA prakAzana pUrve na hatI. A graMthanuM prAkRta nAma che saMvinA paya ane saMskRta nAma che maMvidyA prA. prastuta graMtha ajJAtanAmA eka jaina munie ke ghaNA munioe racyo hovo joIe. graMtha prAkRta bhASAmAM che ane emAM gadya tema ja padya ubhayano sucAru rIte viniyoga thayo che. Agama graMtho 84 che ane emAM 30 prakIrNaka graMtho che. avalokana heThaLano graMtha A trIsamAMno eka che. A graMthanI vividha prato ekatrita karI munizrI puNyavijayajIe enuM anveSita, arthaghaTita ane pramANabhUta saMpAdana prasiddha karyuM hatuM.... A graMthanuM bAhya svarUpa A pramANe che : graMthamAM kula 60 adhyAya che. chello adhyAya pUrvArdha ane uttarArdha ema be bhAgamAM vibhAjita che. pUrva janma mATenA phalAdezanA prazno pUrvArdhamAM che, to AgAmI janma aMgenA prazno uttarArdhamAM. ATha, nava ane ogaNasAThamA adhyAyamAM aneka peTAvibhAga che : dA.ta. AThamA adhyAyamAM trIsa, navamAmAM baso sittera ane ogaNasAThamAM be. samagra graMthamAM navA hajAra zloka che ane gadya alagamAM. bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta che. jaina munio vihArArthe pAdaparibhramaNa karatA rahetA hoI prAdezika bhASAonI asara emanAM lakhANamAM jovI prApta thAya che. prastuta graMthamAM paNa atratatra AvI asara vartAya che. AthI, arthaghaTanamAM muzkelI UbhI thAya che. A graMthamAM pAkRta bhASAnA keTalAka abhinava prayogo paNa jovA maLe che. pariNAme prAkRta kozamAM navA zabdo umeravA paDe tevuM Alekhana A graMthanuM che. saMpAdake pAMca pariziSTanA arpaNa dvArA graMthane, vizeSataH paMkhIdarzananyAye, vAcakapratyakSa karyo che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 265 graha-nakSatra-tArA-janmakuMDaLI AdhArita phalAdeza ApavAno A graMthano koI hetu nathI. paNa enuM nAma sUcave che tema manuSyanI sAhajika pravRttionAM nirIkSaNa mAtrathI tema ja tenAM aMgonA vividha prakAranA bhAvo uparathI phalAdezanAM nirUpaNa karavAno che. AthI, manuSya uparAMta enI sAthe saMbaMdhita viSayonuM vipula varNana ane tadviSayaka vaividhyapUrNa mAhitI A graMthamAM che. tethI A graMthanA saMpAdaka ene bhAratIya vADmayano apUrva graMtha gaNAve che tathA vizvavADmayamAM ATalo viSada graMtha bIjo nathI ema paNa sUcave che. phalAdezano A mahAna graMtha hovA chatAMya sAMskRtika pariprekSyamAM enuM mahattva ajoDa che ane A kAraNe te phakta phalAdezano graMtha nA rahetAM samakAlIna saMskRtine abhivyakta karato AkaragraMtha banI rahe che. hasavuM, raDavuM, besavuM, UbhA rahevuM, prazna ka2vo, namaskAra karavA, AliMgana levuM, cuMbana karavuM jevI manuSyanI vividha ceSTAone saMkhyAtIta bhedaprakAramAM vibhAjIne varNavI che. vaLI, manuSyanI sAthe saMlagnita ghaNA padArthono vipula saMgraha A graMthamA Ameja che. dA.ta. cAra varNa, vividha jAtio, ghaNIbadhI aTaka, gotra, sagapaNa-saMbaMdha, karma-dhaMdhA-vyApAra, pUrvasamayanA sikkAnAM nAma, adhikAra ane AdhipatyanI bAbata, yAna-vAhana, pazu-paMkhI, nagara-dhara-sthAna-pradeza, vAsaNo, AbhUSaNo, bhojananI vividha vAnagIo, vividha prakAranAM pINAM, Ayudho, vastro, vividha prakAranAM tela, khanIjo, nadI-parvata, utsava, roga, deva-devIo, nakSatro, vyAkaraNa vagere vagereja. Ama, A graMtha eka sAthe mAnavazAstrI, prANIzAstrI, samAjazAstrI, vanaspativida, AyurvedajJa, mAnasazAstrI, itihAsakAra ema aneka vidyAzAkhAonA anveSakane AkarSavA sakSama che. A sahune A graMthamAMthI vipula sAmagrI hAthavagI thaI zake che. A kAraNe enAM anveSaNa khasUsa rasaprada nIvaDe tema che. eTaluM ja nahIM, A graMthanuM pRthakkaraNAtmaka vizleSaNa karavAnuM kArya saMkhyAbaMdha adhyetAonA saMyukta zodhakAryanAM pariNAma upara avalaMbe che. A rIte, tatkAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtinI suMdara tasavIra A graMthamAM jovI prApta thAya che. AthI to Ane ApaNA dezanI tatkAlIna saMskRtinAM nirUpaNa mATenA jJAnakoza tarIke oLakhAvIe e ja enuM yogya mUlyAMkana gaNI zakAze. graMthano samaya ane racanA pradeza A baMne bAbate aMtima nirNaya abhivyakta karavo asaMbhava nahIM to muzkela to che ja. graMthamAM ullikhita keTalIka bAbatonA saMdarbhe sAdhakabAdhaka carcA dvArA keTalAka saMbhava baMne muddA aMge prastuta karavAno eka prayAsa ahIM chelpa. A graMthanA baMne prastAvanAkAra A bAbate khAsa koI vivaraNa ApaNe saMpaDAvI ApatA nathI. motIcaMdra, A graMthamAM ullikhita sikkAo, rAcaracIluM ane vastrAlaMkAronA AdhAre, teno racanAkALa cothI sadIno sUcave che. to vAsudevazaraNa agravAlanA mate A graMtha kuSANonA sattAkALanA aMtabhAgamAM ane guptakALanA AraMbhe lakhAyo hoya. A graMtha mahArASTrI prAkRtamAM lakhAyo che. A bhASAno viniyoga pahelaprathama pazcima For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bhAratamAM sAhityika pravRttinA mAdhyama tarIke IsunI pahelI sadImAM thayo hato7. AthI, IsunI pahelI sadI pUrve A graMthanI racanA thaI hoya nahIM. bIjuM A graMtha pazcima bhAratamAMnA koI bhUbhAgamAM lakhAyo hoya tevuM AthI sUcita thAya che. A graMthamAM vAhanavyavahAranA saMdarbhamAM vividha prakAranI hoDIonAM nAmanA nirdeza thayA che jemAM meTTi ane taHT khAsa noMdhapAtra che. periplasanA lekhake bharUcanA baMdaranuM varNana karatAM A baMne nAmanI moTA kadanI hoDInA upayoga vize noMdha karI che.... AthI, A graMthanI racanAsamaya periplasanA samakAlIna hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. periplasano samaya sAmAnyataH pahelI sadInA chellA caraNano sUcavAyA che. to saMvijJA paNa A samaye racAyo hoya. A graMthamAM kayA zabdano nirdeza chedeg. mathurAnA ukhananamAMthI ghaNA AyA paTTa hAthavagA thayA che. paraMtu koI paNa jainagraMthomAM A zabdano ullekha nathI1. mathurAmAMthI upalabdha "AyAgapaTTIne sAmAnyataH zuMgakALanA chellA tabakkAno mUkI zakAya. AthI prastuta graMthakartA AyAgapaTTano mahimA parAkASThAe pahoMcyo hoya tyAre vidyamAna hoya. arthAt IsunI pahelIbIjI sadI daramyAna A graMtha lakhAyo hoya. aSTamaMtti nAmanA AbhUSaNano nirdeza dhyAnayogya che. mathurAnA AyAgapaTTomAM aSTamaMgala cihna rajU thayAM che, jeno samaya IsunI pahelI sadInA prAraMbhano sUcavAya che. paraMtu kuSANakALanA AraMbha sudhI aSTamaMgala cihnanA paTTanI nizcitatA aMkAI na hatI. Ama, A zabdano prayoga IsunI AraMbhanI sadIomAM pracAramAM Avyo hoI maMchAvijJAnA lekhaka A samaya daramyAna vidyamAna hovA joIe. prastuta carcA uparathI evuM phalita thAya che ke gaMgAvijJAnI racanA IsunI pahelI ke bIjI sadI daramyAna thaI hovI joIe. paraMtu A graMthamAM keTalAka sikkAonAM nAmano nirdeza A bAbate noMdhapAtra banI rahe che. A nAmomAM vattapanAmanA sikkAno ullekha ApaNI samayanirNayanI carcAmAM upAdeyI nIvaDe che. A nAma kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkAnA saMdarbhamAM prayojAyo hovAnuM sUcavAya che. anya koI Abhilekhika ke sAhityika sAmagrImAM vRttapano nirdeza nathI. saMvinAmAM A prayoga pahelaprathama thayo che. saMbhava che ke A graMthakartAne kSatrapa rAjAo sAthe ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hoya ane to A graMthanI racanA kSatraponA sattAkALa daramyAna thaI hoya ane te gujarAta pradezamAM lakhAyo hoya. guptonA cAMdInA sikkA rUpa nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA, jeno ullekha karavAmAM nathI. cAMdInA gupta sikkA caMdragupta vikramAdityathI zarU thayA hoI A graMthanuM Alekhana te pUrve thayuM hovuM joIe. bIjuM kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA jhASapa nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA te ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA chIe. tethI AvuM adhikRta nAma prayojavAne sthAne navuM nAmakaraNa prayojavA mATe eka ja Azaya hoya ane te e ke graMthakartA A rAjAonA nirdonA paricayamAM ke emanA aMtaraMga vartuLamAMno eka hoya evuM kahI zakAya ane tethI eNe adhikRta nAmane sthAne vahAlasoyuM evuM abhinava nAma yojavAnuM munAsiba mAnyuM hoya evI dalIla tArkika jaNAya che. AthI, ravRttapa zabdanA prayogathI be saMbhavita ukela hAthavagA thayA che : 1. prastuta graMthanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 267 racayitA A rAjAonA samakAlIna hovA joIe ane 2. A graMthakartA A sikkAo jyAM pracalita hatA te pradezamAM rahetA hovA joIe. gujarAtamAM A graMtha lakhAyo hoya tene samarthanamAM moTuM, susmi jevA zabdo noMdhapAtra gaNAya. vaLI A graMthamAM varAhamihirano nirdeza nathI, balake jyAre varAhamihira aMgavidyAno ullekha kare che. varAhamihira chaThThI sadImAM vidyAmAna hatA. AthI A graMtha te pUrve avazya racAyo hoya. pAdaliptAcArya prabhAvaka caritakAra pAdaliptane pAlitANA(agAunuM pAdaliptapura)nA vatanI hovAnuM jaNAve che. jaina anuzruti anusAra pAdaliptAcAryamAM buddhicAturya, maMtrazakti ane yaMtrapravINatA savizeSa hatAM. pramAvavarita mujaba pAdaliptane DhaMkapurI(DhAMka)mAM siddha nAgArjunano samAgama thayo hato. nAgArjune potAnA A gurunA smaraNamAM zatruMjayanI taLeTImAM pAdaliptapura vasAvyuM hatuM ane mahAvIranI pratimA tathA pAdaliptanI mUrti prasthApyAM hatAM. emaNe taraMpAvatI nAmanI eka dharmakathA prAkRtamAM lakhI hatI, je upalabdha nathI. khyotiraMDa% nAmanA Agama graMtha upara emaNe vRtti lakhI che. uparAMta temaNe dIkSA ane pratiSThAvidhi aMge nirvANatri graMtha racyo hato. teo IsunI AraMbhanI sadIomAM koIka tabakke vidyamAna hovAnuM manAya che. AcArya vajabhUti - bharukaccha nivAsI A jainAcArya prasiddha kavi hatA. paraMtu emanI koI racanA upalabdha nathI. vyavahArasUtranA bhASyamAM ane te vizenI TIkAmAM vajabhUtine nahapAnanA samakAlIna gaNAvyA che. tethI A AcArya IsvInI pahelI sadInA bIjA ke trIjA caraNamAM vidyamAna hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. vyavahArasUtra anusAra vajabhUti ane nahapAnanI rANI padmAvatI vacce nAnakaDA saMvAdanI hakIkata AcAryanI kavitA vize prakAza pAthare che.... durgAcArya, AcArya bhAska racita nirujha upara TIkA lakhanAra durgAcArya jaMbusaranA vatanI hatA ane IsvInA pahelA ke bIjA saikAmAM vidyamAna hatA. durga athavA bhavagadurga emanuM apanAma hovAnuM jaNAya che. niru$ TIkAnA pratyeka adhyAyanA aMte durgAcArya potAne gaMDumaffzramavAsI tarIke oLakhAve che. upasaMhAra atyAra sudhInAM vivaraNa uparathI eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke saMkhyAnI dRSTie sAhityika pravRttio pramANamAM ochI thaI che. paNa je racanAo upalabdha che te uparathI tema ja abhilekhonI samIkSA uparathI eTaluM to cokkasa kahI zakAya ke sAhityanI guNavattA vareNya prakAranI ane variSTha paddhatinI hatI. pAdanoMdha 1. A lakhANano saMpUrNa pATha pariziSTa navamAM Apyo che.' For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 2. ie., pustaka 42, pRSTha 188thI. 3. pradaravitaraVT vimukha ane sadaNa zatru (paMkti 10). vidheyAnAM yaudheyAnAM (paMkti 12). yathArtha-dasloTTIyAnitofnata dharmAnurIna (paMkti 12-13). vAyadAnAM vidyAnAM (paMkti 13) vagere.. 4. yunidhana-daza-para-hora vegena (paMkti 6-7). niskRta saLaM-toya ma-dhanva-Rtvam (paMkti 8). 5. mA prakRti muvi][]Sa nI dhAraNA puta: (paMkti 9). - vanizu-mauH navarAta-vajha-vaidUrya-rAparaya vinDamAna vozena (pakti 14). 6. purnajena %iAIvabhUtAvAmiva fthavyAM tIlAM (paMkti 5). 7. zana TrAntanA vapaltanA vismitenA mArge doryeA (paMkti 19). 8. athavaprAraMdharmArthAna viSayanAM viSayAkhai (paMkti 11). ane mAnya prApta TrAnnA mahAkSatravena phukavAnA (paMkti 15). zleSaH prasAdaH samatA samAdhirmAdhuryamojaH pradasaukumAryam / / arthasya ca vyaktirudAratA ca kAntizca kAyyArthaguNA dazaite // (2.92) 10. zleSa: prAtaH samatA mayurNa sukumAratA | marthawgunAratvamoga: RttisamAdhave (pariccheda 2, zloka 42). 11. prastuta mahAtUpa vize juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa ogaNIsa. 12. aitihAsika lekhanA pATha mATe juo pariziSTa nava. 13. dA.ta. sarviti, sRSTimawto, mada vagere. 14. kalyANavijayajI, jainakAlagaNanA, pRSTha 104thI 109. 15-16. anukrame ejana, pRSTha 110-111 ane 112-118. 17. muni kalyANavijayajI badhAM pAsAMnI carcA karI mahAvIrano nirvANa-samaya IsvIpUrva 528nA okTobara ke navembaramAM thayo hovAnuM spaSTa kare che (ejana, pRSTha 159-160). 18. siddhasenanA jIvana vizenI vadhu mAhitI mATe juo raseza jamInadArano lekha : "siddhasena saura mannavAhI I samaya', karmavIra AnaMdapriya abhinaMdana graMtha, 1975. 19. paMDita sukhalAlajI ane paMDita becaradAsajI, sanmati prakaraNa (gujarAtI AvRtti), pRSTha 58. 20. "vRddhavAdI prabaMdha', pRSTha 89thI. 21. bIjI eka jaina paraMparA siddhasenane vikramAdityanA samakAlIna ane urjananivAsI gaNe che. paraMtu jaina nyAyano kramika vikAsa ane temAM siddhasenanuM upAdeyI sthAna dhyAnamAM letAM teo vikramAdityanA samakAlIna hovAnI jaina paraMparA svIkAravI yogya jaNAtI nathI (sukhalAlajI, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, vibhAga chaThTho, bhAvanagara, 1926, pRSTha 3-4). 22. juo have pachI "mallavAdIno samaya' aMgenI carcA. 23. juo samayanirNaya vAte pAdanoMdha 18 mujabano saMdarbha. 24. A graMthanuM zraddheya ane pramANabhUta saMpAdana paMDita sukhalAlajI ane becaradAsa dozI e pAMca bhAgamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 269 karyuM che (juo raseza jamInadAra, kaoNnsepTa oNva InDolaoNjI, 1973, pRSTha 19-20). enI gujarAtI laghu AvRtti paNa e baMnee pragaTa karI che. gujarAtI AvRttinI vistRta prastAvanAmAM emaNe siddhasenanA jIvana, kavana ane samayanI vigate chaNAvaTa karI che. 25. sanmati prakaraNa, gujarAtI AvRtti, pRSTha 145. 26. ejana, pRSTha 155-56, graMthamAM nirUpita mukhya viSaya ane enA svarUpanI vigato vAstu juo sadara graMtha, pRSTha 163thI 170. bhAvanagaranI dharmapracAraka sabhAnA upakrame A badhI batrIsIo mudritarUpe prakAzita thaI che. jo ke badhI ja batrIsIomAM batrIsanuM zlokapramANa sacavAyuM nathI; kema ke mudrita saMgrahamAM badhI batrIsIonA kula 695 zloka che. eTale ke nava zlokanI vadhaghaTa che. 21mI batrIsImAM 33 padya che, to 8mI, 11mI, 1pamI ane 19mImAM 32thI ochA zloka che. A vadhaghaTa mULa lekhakanI haze ke anukalamAM thaI haze ke mudraNa mATenI pratanA adhUrApaNAne laIne haze te kahevuM muzkela che. 28. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 3, aMka 1, pRSTha 121. 29. sukhalAlajI, ejana, pRSTha 123-24. 30. juo raseza jamInadAra, "siddhasena aura malavAdIkA samaya', karmavIra AnaMdapriyajI abhinaMdana graMtha, vaDodarA, 1975. 31. ejana. 32. jaMbuvijayajI, zrI AtmAnaMda prakAza, pustaka 45, aMka 7, vi. saM. 2004, pRSTha 137. 33. sau prathama prayAsa AcAryazrI vijayalabdhasUrie karyo. temaNe nava ArAno samAveza karI kula cAra bhAga anukrame 1948, 1951, 1957 ane 1960mAM prakAzita karyA che. bIjo prayatna vaDodarA sthita prAcya vidyAmaMdira nAmanI saMsthAnA upakrame paMDita lAlacaMda gAMdhIe karyo ane cAra ArAne samAvato eka bhAga 1952mAM prasiddha karyo. trIjo prayAsa jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA(bhAvanagara)nA Azraye zrI jaMbUvijayajIe karyo. 34. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, premI abhinaMdana graMtha, pRSTha 313. 35. juo : zrI AtmAnaMda prakAza, pustaka 45, aMka 7nA pUMThA uparanI AkRti. 36. kahevAya che ke malavAMdInA graMtho bauddha AcArya buddhAnaMde aprApta karyA hovAnI jaina anuzruti pracalita che. (prabhAcaMdrAcAryakRta pramAvarita, saMpAdaka muni jinavijayajI, bhAvanagara, 1931, zloka 72 ane 73). vigate A anuzruti aitihAsika hoya ke nA hoya ane A graMtha (varita) Aje upalabdha nA hoya to paNa eTaluM to svIkArya bane che ke temaNe A nAmanuM eka kAvya raceluM hatuM. 37. juo 53mariya, bhAga 1 (saMpAdaka yAkobI ane punarsapAdaka muni puNyavijayajI), 1962, aMgrejI prastAvanA, pRSTha 1thI 3. 38. muni jinavijayajI, vasaMta rajata mahotsava smAraka graMtha, 1927, pRSTha 260. 39. paMreva ya vAsasayA, dusamA tIsa varasa saMgutA | vIre siddha 3vaI, 7o viddha rU variyam | parva 118, zloka 300. 40. juo pAdanoMdha 37 mujaba, aMgrejI prastAvanA, pRSTha 8thI. 41. 'nya lAITa oNna dha DeTa oNva paumariyam', joi., pustaka 13, aMka 4, pRSTha 378thI 386. jaina paraMparAmAM keTalIka jagyAe vikrama saMvatane sthAne, dhArmika bhAvanAthI prerAIne, vIra nirvANano nirdeza hovAnuM sUcavAya che. dA.ta. valabhI bhaMganI miti 845 e vIra nirvANanI nahIM paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta | vikramasaMvatanI hovAnuM pratipAdita thayuM che. (juo : ha.gaM.zAstrI, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pRSTha 158). 42. juo A graMthamAM pRSTha 260. 43. parita saMdarbhe, malavAdIe bauddho sAthe karelA vivAda vizenA samaya aMge jevA muddAo vize juo A lekhakanA be lakhe : "rAmakathA ane malavAdI', vidyApITha, pustaka 5, aMka 5, pRSTha 227thI 28, 1967 ane "dha rAma sTorI enDa dha mallAvAdIsUri', joi., 1968, pustaka 17, aMka 3, pRSTha 23thI 239. uparAMta juo : raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 10. 44. A vihAra AcArya aha, acale baMdhAvyo hato ane te valabhI najIkanA taLAjAnA DuMgaromAM Avelo hovA saMbhave che (vadhu vigata vize juo : hI.a.zAha, purAtattva, pustaka 1, pRSTha 99thI 122). 45. bIla, rikaoNrDajha, pustaka 2, pRSTha 268; voTarsa, TrAvelsa., pustaka 2, pRSTha 247. 46. kalAsikla eja, pRSTha 390. 47. sthiramati nAlaMdA vidyApIThanA adhyApaka hatA, ane vihAra karatA karatA valabhI AvyA hatA. teo daMDakAraNyanA vatanI hatA, jyAre guNamati valabhInA. ubhayanA jIvanakALano vizeSa samaya valabhImAM vyatita thayo hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. ahIM rahI baMnee graMtharacanApravRtti karI hovAnuM jaNAya che. 48. iliyaTa, hinduIjhama enDa buddhijhama, pustaka 2, pRSTha 94; tamAkusu, InsiMga, pRSTha 226. 49. voTarsa, TrAvelsa., pustaka 2, pRSTha 109; kalAsikla eja, pRSTha 390, paramArthano samaya IliyaTa IsvI 499thI pa69no sUcave che (ejana, pRSTha 78) to ramezacaMdra majumadAra paNa paramArthanuM avasAna IsvI pa69mAM thayuM hovAnuM noMdhe che (kalAsikta eija, pRSTha 611). nalinAkSa datta noMdhe che ke paramArtha valabhImAM rahI bhaNyA hatAM. (ejana, pRSTha 384). 50. iliyaTa, uparyukta, pRSTha 10. 51. kalAsiksa eja, pRSTha 390; tamAkusu, isenziyalsa oNva buddhisTa philaoNsaphi, pRSTha 151. 52. yoga (=vicAraNA) ane AcAra (=AcaraNa)nA saMyoga uparathI ke yoga (GdhyAna)nA AcAra uparathI AvuM nAmAbhidhAna thayuM jaNAya che. vijJAnavAdamAM bAhyanI vAstaviktAnA niSedha sAthe cittamAM Alaya karanAra vijJAnanI vAstaviktAno svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. asaMganA mate te yovAravaTuM che ane vasubaMdhunA mate vijJAnavAH. philasUphInuM vyavahAru lakSaNa te yovAravAda che, to enuM tArkika pAsuM te vijJAnavAdri (juo : bApaTa saMpAdita graMtha, TvenTI phAIva hanDeDa iyarsa oNva buddhijhama, pRSTha 122-23). pa3. kalAsikla eja, pRSTha 389. 54. hinduIjhama enDa buddhijhama, pustaka 2, pRSTha 87. 55. isenziyalsa oNva buddhisTa philaoNsaphi, pRSTha 100, pAdanoMdha 9 ane 10; jaraoNeso., 1905, pRSTha 43thI. 56. jaraoNeso., 1905, pRSTha 39-40. 57. pAdanoMdha 54 mujaba, pRSTha 94. 58. juo pAdanoMdha 55, pRSTha 101-01. 59. kema ke sthiramati-guNamati paNa asaMga-vasubaMdhunA ziSya hatA tethI. 60. juo pAdanoMdha pa4, pRSTha 94; tamAkusu, InsiMga., pRSTha 226. 61. nalinAkSa datta, kalAsikala eja, pRSTha 389. 62. juo madravadusaMhitA (saMpAdaka nemicaMdra zAstrI, hindI anuvAda sahita), 1959, prastAvanA pRSTha 9thI 15. Ama to siddhAMta, saMhitA ane horA ema jyotiSavidyAnI A traNeya paddhati vize A graMthanI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa paMdara 271 prastAvanA jovI. 63. juo : aMgavikhkhA (munizrI puNyavijayajI saMpAdita) prathama adhyAya, zloka 2. 64. eka evI mAnyatA che ke aSTAMga nimitta jJAna upara grIsa ane romanI asara che; paraMtu A mata svIkArya nathI kema ke rAzi-graha-nakSatra-vyatipAtanA svarUpe jyotiSano pracAra grIkonA Agamana pUrve ApaNA rASTramAM vidyamAna hato., meksa myUlara paNa noMdhe che ke AkAzanuM rahasya jANavAnI bhAratIyonI bhAvanA videzI prabhAvathI uddabhavI na hatI paNa svataMtra rIte utpanna thaI hatI (sekreDa buksa oNva dha isTa, pustaka 13, pRSTha 130). phrenca pravAsI phrAnkvIsa barnIyara paNa A matanuM samarthana kare che (juo pAdanoMdha 62mAM ullikhita graMthanI prastAvanA, pRSTha 31). 65. manusmRti, adhyAya 6, zloka 50; brahmajJAnasUtta, pRSTha 16thI 18 (rIjha DeviDjha saMpAdita); nAtagraMtho (6, 290; 2, 21, 200, 250; 3, 122, 158, 215; pRSTha 211 ane 458); thAnAMLasUtta, 3, 6, 78; uttarAdhyayanasUtta, adhyAya 8, zloka-13, pRSTha 314; piina, 1.4.39, rU.2.5.53, 4.3.73 (tathA rUnDiyA nona Tu pALini, pRSTha 326-27). 66. utpatti, nimitta, nakSatra ane aMgavidyAnA vijJAnono upayoga karanAra pAsethI brAhmaNoe dakSiNA svIkAravI nahIM evuM manusmRti noMdhe che. bauddho paNa enA sAdhuone A vijJAnano upayoga na karavAnuM sUcave che. brahmajJAnasUttamAM nimitta, utpatti, aMgavidyA, vAstuvidyA, yuddhavidyA ane naimittavidyAnA vijJAnono niSedha darzAvAyo che. eTale ke A badhAMno viniyoga nA karavo. jaino paNa AvI vidyAo pratye pratibaMdha sUcave che. utpatti, nimitta, maMtra, cikitsA, kalA, AvaraNa, ajJAna, mithyApravacana vagere vidyAo thAMgasUtta pramANe pApayukta che mATe teno vyavahAra nA karavo. to samavAyAM sUttamAM bhauma, utpatti, svapra, aMtarikSa, aMga, svara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, arthakAma, maMtrAnuyoga, yogAnuyoga vagereno niSedha sUcavyo che. jeo saMgavidyAnono vyavahAra kare che teo uttarAdhyayanasUtta pramANe zramaNa nathI. (A badhAM vidhAnonAM saMdharma mATe juo pAdanoMdha 65). 67. juo : gaMviSnA graMthamAMnI vAsudeva zaraNa agravAlanI hindI prastAvanA, pRSTha 57. 68. A graMthano prakAra saMhitAno che. eno samAveza AgamomAM paNa thayo che. ubhayamAM eTale saMhitA ane AmamAM eka karatAM vadhAre lekhakono emAM sahayoga hoya che. AthI, A graMtha paNa saMkhyAbaMdha munio dvArA racAyo hovAno saMbhava che. graMthanA AMtarsvarUpano abhyAsa paNa A bAbatane samarthe che. A graMthamAM kyAMya enA raciyatAnI ke racayitA vizenI koI noMdha nathI. jema kartA vize che tema tenA kArya pradeza vize che. A graMthanA racanA pradeza vize koI cokkasa nirNaya darzAvI zakAto nathI. 69. juo prAkRta sAhitya aa kRtihAsa, pRSTha 123thI 129. 70. 1957mAM prAkRta graMtha pariSada (vArAsaNI)nA upakrame A graMtha prakAzita thayo che. motIcaMdrajIe A graMtha vAste aMgrejImAM prastAvanA lakhI che, to vAsudeva zaraNa agravAle hindI prastAvanA lakhI che. temaNe sikkAo vize aMgrejImAM paNa eka noMdha lakhI che. puNyavijayajIe hindI prastAvanAmAM A graMthanA AMtara-bAhya svarUpa vize saMkSiptamAM paNa vyApaka carcA samAvI che. 71. vihAraprathAne kAraNe jaina munio vibhinna pradezamAM viharatA rahetA hoI vividha prAdezika bhASAmAM pracalita rUDhiprayogonI asara emanAM lakhANamAM vartAya che. pariNAme prAkRta bhASA prAdezika asara sAthe paripuSTa thatI rahI, jemAMthI traNa prAdezika paddhatio vizeSabhAve pracAramAM 2hIH saurasenI prAkRta, paizAcI prAkRta ane mahArASTrI prAkRta. 72. pariziSTa ekamAM aMgavidyA sAthe saMbaMdhita evA eka apUrNa graMthane samAviSTa karI prakAzita karyo che. Adi-aMta vinAnA A graMtha vize koI nirNaya zakya nathI. bIjA pariziSTamAM aMgavidhAzAstra anucUta zabdono paricaya akArAdikrame nirUpyo che. saMskRta zabdonA prayoga paNa emAM samAviSTa che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta Ama, A pariziSTa zabdakozanI daSTie dhyAnArha che. to kriyApadono saMgraha pariziSTa trIjAmAM che. A zabdasaMgraha prAkRtavido mATe amUlya khajAnA jevo che. cothA pariziSTamAM manuSyanAM aMgo vizenAM nAma saMgRhIta che ane te traNa bhAgamAM vibhAjita che. pahelA vibhAgamAM sthAnanirdeza saMbaMdhita. aMgonI sUci che. bIjAmAM prastuta graMthanA lekhake manuSyanA aMgone 270 prakAramAM vaheMcyA che tenI sUci rajU thaI che. A sUci akArAdikrame che. trIjA bhAgamAM, lekhake je krame aMganAmo varNavyAM che tenI sUci che. A pariziSTa graMthanA navamA adhyAyanA pRthakkaraNarUpe che ema kahI zakAya. sAMskRtika itihAsanAM adhyayananI dRSTie A pariziSTa upayogI che. chellA ane pAMcamAM pariziSTamAM sAMskRtika nAmonA vipula saMgraha che. A saMgrahane manuSya, devadevI, vanaspati ane pazupakSI evA cAra vibhAgamAM prastuta karyo che. pratyeka vibhAgamAM anekAneka upavibhAgo che, jenI saMkhyA ogaNacAlIsa che. A sUci akAradikrame nathI. A pariziSTa sAMskRtika mAhitInA abhyAsArthe mUlyavAna sAmagrI hAthavagI karI Ape che. Ama, kula 96 pRSTha mAraphate saMpAdake vAcakane sArI sahAyatA bakSI che. 73. juo : aMvinA, prastAvanA pRSTha 11. 74, A vize vigate jANakArI meLavavA mATe tathA prakaraNa pramANe graMthane samajavA mATe juo raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 16 ('aMgavijjA'no samaya ane temAM pratibiMbita saMskRti). 75. A graMthanA racanApradeza aMge ane enA samayanirNaya bAbate vyApaka carcA A lekhake karI che. juo raseza jamInadAra, "dha DeTa enDa plesa oNva aMgavijjA', prAcya pratibhA, pustaka 4, aMka 2, pRSTha 101thI 106, sAgara, ane itihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 16 . 76. motIcaMdranI prastAvanA pRSTha 36 ane vAsudevazaraNa agravAlanI prastAvanA pRSTha 94. A graMthanA 1957mAM thayelA prakAzana pachI A graMthanA racanApradeza ane racanAkALa bAbate vizeSa koI carcA thaI hovAnuM A lekhakanI jANamAM nathI. AthI, ahIM te aMge thoDI carcA Ameja karI che.' 77. 'prAkRta graMtha pariSada'nA pradhAna saMpAdakoe emanA purovacanamAM AvuM vidhAna karyuM che. juo aMgrejI prastAvanA pRSTha 6. 78. periplasa, phakaro 44. 79. periplasanA racanAkALa vize ekamati nathI. paraMtu A vize ramezacaMdra majumadAre agAu pracalita vividha matono nirdeza karI potAno abhiprAya vyakta karyo che. (ihirpo.. pustaka 38, naMbara 2-3, 1962, pRSTha 89thI). hAla pUratuM ApaNe periplasane IsunI pahelI sadInA aMtamAM mUkI zakIe. 80. saMvinA, pRSTha 152 ane 168. 81. evuM muni puNyavijayajIe noMdhyuM che. juo prastAvanA pRSTha 13. 82. umAkAMta pra.zAha, sTaDIjha Ina jaina ArTa, 1955, pRSTha 77. 83. juo evijJA, pRSTha 65 ane 163. 84. juo umAkAMta zAha, uparyukta, pAdanoMdha 82, AkRti 13, 11, 79, 81. 85. saMvinA, pRSTha 66. 86. ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke guptakALathI aMgavidyAnI paddhatine sthAne jayotiSavidyAno AraMbha thayo, je adyApi sarvamAnya che. (bazama, vanDara dheTa vaoNjha inDiyA, 1959, pRSTha 490). AthI paNa sUcita thAya che ke aMgavidyA vizeno prastuta graMtha gukhonA sattAkALa pUrve lakhAI gayo hato. 87. bho. ja. sAMDesarA, jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta, pRSTha 98-99. 88. ejana, pRSTha 166-167. 89. umAkAMta zAha, 'gujarAtanA keTalAka prAcIna paMDito', buddhiprakAza, pustaka 99, pRSTha 302thI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa soLa zikSaNa-paddhati ane bhASAlipi zikSaNanI sthiti kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM zikSaNanI sthiti ane tenI paripATIne jANavAnAM sAdhano ghaNAM alpa che. AthI, A bAbate spaSTa ane surekha citra AlekhavAnuM kArya duSkara che. A samayanAM sAhityika sAdhano alpa sAMkhyika che tema temAM keLavaNI sababa koI vivaraNa Ameja nathI; paraMtu samakAlIna sAhityika pravRtti A vize thoDI sahAyarUpa bane che. mukhyatve to rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAMthI A aMge ThIka ThIka jANakArI hAthavagI thaI zakI che. rudradAmAnA lekhamAM nirdiSTa vidyAo, hakIkate to rudradAmAnA vyaktigata saMdarbhamAM ane teya rAjAnA rAjaya saMcAlanane upayogI hoI, sAmAnya loko mATe te prakAranI vidyAonAM adhyayana-adhyApanano prabaMdha hovAnuM kahevuM muzkela che. paraMtu te anvayeM tenuM sarvasAmAnya kathana prastuta karI zakAya. rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM zabdavidhA, arthavidyA, gAMdharvavidyA, nyAyavidyA vagerene mahAvidyAo kahI che (zabdArtha-jvalve-cAyAdhAnAM vidyAnAM maphatInAM..) A uparAMta yuddhavidyA ane zikSaNapaddhatinA cAra tabakkAonoya nirdeza dhyAnArha che (tura-ga-rathasi varSa-niyuddhapAraVI-dhArA-vijJAna-prayo). zabdavidyA eTale vyAkaraNazAstra evo artha ahIM abhipreta hoya ema jaNAya che. vAMcatA-lakhatA thayelA vidyArthIne zabdavidyAnuM zikSaNa ApavAmAM AvatuM haze. pANini, pataMjali ane bhartuharinA graMthono abhyAsa vidyArthI karato haze. saMbhavataH aSTAdhyAyI, mahAmArga, vAvavI jevA graMtho saMdarbha tarIke upayogAtA haze. arthavidyA eTale kAM to arthazAstra, kAM to rAjyazAstra athavA baMne. A lekhamAM baMne artha abhipreta hoI zake. A vidyAnA tAlIma mATe kauTalyano arthazAstra graMtha mukhya saMdarbha pustaka hovuM joIe. kAmandake racelo nItisara graMtha paNa A samaya daramyAna zikSaNanA abhyAsakramamAM pracalita haze. gAMdharvavidyAthI saMgItavidyA e artha abhipreta hovo joIe. eTale kSatrapakAla daramyAna zikSaNamAM saMgItanuM jJAna Avazyaka gaNAtuM haze. saMgItanA kayA graMthanuM adhyayana thatuM haze e kahevuM muzkela che. paraMtu bhAratanA nATyazAstrano saMbhavataH upayoga thato hovo joIe kema ke A graMthamAM gIta, vAdya, nRtya sahita nATyakaLAnuM vistRta nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. saMbhavataH saMgItavidyA sAmAnya lokomAM paNa pracAramAM hoI zake. nyAyavidyA dvArA vidyArthIone kAyadAnuM jJAna apAtuM haze ema kahI zakAya. paNa pUrvakALamAM nyAyavidyAthI hetuvidyA ke tavidyA artha abhipreta hato. eTale ke vidyArthIone For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta saMbhavataH darzanazAstranuM jJAna paNa ApavAmAM AvatuM haze. kAyadAnA koI graMtho A samaye astitvamAM hovAnI jANakArI nathI. paraMtu tattvajJAnanA zikSaNa kAje siddhasenakRta sanmatiprara ane nyAyAvatAra tathA malavAdInA zAsanano upayoga thato ema cokkasa kahI zakAya. samakAlIna dinAga, nAgArjuna, asaMga ane vasubaMdhue racelA nyAya-pramANanA graMthonuM paNa adhyayana thatuM haze. dA. ta. pramANasamunvaya, cAyapraveza vagere. A uparAMta gautamakRta nyAyasUtra, vAtsyAyanakRta nyAyamASya, kaNAdata vaizeSisUtra ane prazastapAdakRta pArthadharmasaMprada jevA graMtho paNa saMbhavataH zikSako upayogamAM letA haze. yuddhavidyA eTale ghoDesvArI, gajasvArI, rathacaryA, talavAra ane DhAlanA upayoganI paddhati vagere samajI zakAya. A vidyAno abhyAsa kevaLa rAjakuMvaro ke rAjakuTuMbanA sabhyo karatA hovA saMbhave. sAmAnya prajA vAste eno abhyAsa duSkara banI zake. jo ke A vidyAno koI graMtha upalabdha thayo nathI. * A badhI vidyAo uparAMta brAhmaNa vidyArthIo vedano, jaina vidyArthIo Agamano ane bauddha vidyArthIo piTakano abhyAsa karatA haze evuM anumAnI zakAya. asaMga, vasubaMdhu, sthiramati, guNamati, durgAcArya, vajabhUti, pAdaliptAcArya jevA sAhityasvAmIonA graMthonAM adhyayana-adhyApana thatAM hovAM joIe. saMbhavataH saMvidyAnA prakAronuM jJAna paNa apAtuM haze. jo ke prastuta vivaraNa uparathI evuM sUcita thatuM nathI ke A badhI vidyAo sAmAnya loko mATeya haze. paNa kSatraponA sikkAo uparanAM lakhANa tathA temanA samayanA zilAlekhonAM lakhANa saMskRta bhASAmAM hoI saMbhavataH loko saMskRta bhASAthI paricita haze. eTaluM ja nahIM prajAno moTo varga zikSaNa-saMpanna haze. zikSaNanI paddhati - rudradAmAnA zailalekhathI A bAbate mAhitI prApta thAya che. A lekhamAM pAraNa, dhAraNa, vijJAna ane prayoga evA cAra tabakkAono nirdeza che. saMbhavataH A cAra tabakkA te zikSaNa paddhatinA cAra sopAna haze. pAraNa eTale grahaNa karavuM arthAt dhyAnathI sAMbhaLavuM. bIjI rIte kahIe to guru pAsethI jJAna saMprApta karavuM. dhAraNa eTale smRtimAM rAkhavuM, smaraNa karavuM, yAda rAkhavuM ke vAgoLavuM. arthAt guru pAsethI saMpAdita jJAna cakAsavuM, kaho ke pacAvavuM. A be paddhati pachI Ave che vijJAnapaddhati. vijJAna eTale viziSTa jJAna, arthAt jijJAsAvRttithI meLaveluM viziSTa jJAna. bIjA zabdomAM prastuta karIe to guru pAsethI prApta karelA jJAnane vAgoLatAM svAdhyAyathI e aMgenuM viziSTa jJAna aMke karavuM te vijJAna. zikSaNa prAptino chello tabakko, kaho ke paddhati che prayogano. prayoga eTale vyAvahArika viniyoga. pAraNa-dhAraNa-vijJAnathI saMpAdita jANakArIne prayogamAM mUkvI, arthAt meLavelA jJAnano-zikSaNano-tAlImano vyavahAramAM upayoga karavo. Ama, uparyukta cAra paddhati-tabakkAnA vizleSaNathI sUcita thAya che. zikSaNanA kSetre praveza prApta karanAra vyakti sAcA arthamAM vidyAno arthI banI rahe evI keLavaNI ene For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa soLa 275 ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. keLavaNInA itihAsanAM anveSaNa-avalokanathI kahI zakAya ke A cAra paddhati ApaNA dezanA sAMskArika itihAsamAM anusmRta rahelI hatI ane vizva samastanAM zikSaNanAM lakSaNonAM vivaraNathI paNa khasUsa kahI zakAya ke A paddhati zAzvatI che. zikSaNanAM kendro prakaraNa paMdara ane prakaraNa sattaramAM ApaNe sAhitya ane dharma paratve anukrame je vizleSita vivaraNa prastuta karyA che te uparathI sUcavI zakAya ke valabhI ane bharUca kSatrapakAla daramyAna zikSaNanAM mahattvanAM kendra hovAM joIe. A samayamAM valabhI mAtra gujarAtanuM nahIM paNa samagra dezanuM jaina AgamavidyAnAM adhyayana-adhyApana-anveSaNa ane sAhityika pravRttionuM mukhya kendra hovAnuM saMbhave che; kema ke ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA tema vIra nirvANanA navamA saikAmAM jaina Agamone saMkalita-saMpAdita-saMgRhIta karavAnI je kAmagIrI AraMbhAI tenuM eka kendra mathurA hatuM, to bIjuM valabhI. nAgArjunanI adhyakSatAmAM valabhImAM zramaNasaMghanI pariSada maLI hatI te ApaNe noMdhyuM che. mallavAdIe kAzIranave ahIM racyo hovAno saMbhava che. sthiramati-guNamatinI kRtio uparathI valabhI bauddhavidyAnAM adhyayana-adhyApanaanveSaNanuM kendra hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. jo ke bharUcamAM bauddhavidvAnonI pravRtti vizeSa pramANamAM thatI haze evuM anumAnI zakAya; kema ke ahIM bauddha ane jaina vidvAno vacce vAdavivAda thayA hovAnuM jainaparaMparA noMdhe che. mallavAdInA mAmA jinAnaMdane bauddho sAthenA saMvivAdamAM parAjaya maLelo ane tethI teo bharUca choDI valabhI gayAnI vAta paricita che. mAmAnA parAjayanuM kalaMka dUra karavA miSe mallavAdIe vivAda karI vijaya prApta karelo. AthI, bharUca bauddhavidyAnuM kendra hovAnuM saMbhave che. devanI morI paNa bauddha keLavaNInuM dhAma hovAnuM sUcita thAya che; kema ke A sthaLethI mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAranA samRddha avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che. stUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta bhagavAna zibalanA dehAvazeSayukta dAbaDo maLyo che, jenA upara bauddha siddhAMta pAli bhASAmAM kotarAyelA jovA maLe che. uparAMta stUpanI imAratamAMthI maLelI bhagavAna buddhanI chavIsa pratimA prastuta matane samarthe che. uttara gujarAtamAM sthita devanI morI, dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sthita bharUca ane saurASTra, pradezamAM sthita valabhI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM vidyAnAM mahattvanAM mathaka hovAnuM khasUsa kahI zakAya. A uparAMta jUnAgaDha, IMTavA, taLAjA, DhAMka vagere sthaLoethI maLI AvelAM vihAro ane guphAo paNa tatkAlIna keLavaNInAM nAnAM kendro sUcavI zakAya. girinagara, prabhAsa pATaNa, bharukaccha jevAM sthaLa saMbhavataH brAhmaNadharmanAM zikSaNa kendra hovAM joIe. saMskRta zikSaNanuM mAdhyama haze. Ama, zikSaNanI sthiti, zikSaNanI paddhatio ane zikSaNanAM kendro vizenAM vivaraNathI sUcavI zakAya ke kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM keLavaNInI prakriyA ThIka pramANamAM vikAsa pAmI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta prakaraNa aDhAra, ogaNIsa ane vIsamAM lalitakaLAnAM vividha pAsAMnI thayelI carcA uparathI paNa ane taviSayaka avazeSonA abhyAsa uparathI paNa A samayamAM sthApatya ane zilpa, kaho ke lalitakaLA, vizenAM tAlIma kendrIya astitvamAM hovAM joIe. bhASA-prakriyA kSatraponA samayamAM gujarAtamAM rAjabhASA ane janasamUhanI bhASA vizenI mAhitI tatkAlanAM upalabdha Abhilekhika sAdhano ane sAhityika sAmagrInA AdhAre anumAnita karI zakAya che. pazcimI kSatrapa zAsakonA saMkhyAtIta sikkAo ane upalabdha zilAlekhomAMnA keTalAka uparanuM lakhANa pradhAnataH prAkRta mizcita saMskRtamAM che. nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekho prAkRtamAM che. cAkhana-rudradAmAthI AraMbhI pachInA badhA zilAlekho prAkRta mizrita saMskRtamAM che. hA, thoDAka apavAda paNa dhyAnArha che : rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha zuddha saMskRtamAM che. jayadAmAnA pautrano jUnAgaDhano lekha saMskRtamAM che. devanI morIno dAbaDAlekhano aitihAsika bhAga padyabaddha saMskRtamAM che. dAmajadazrI 1lAnA eka prakAranA ane enA putra satyabhAmAnA sikkA uparanuM lakhAyeya zuddha saMskRtamAM che. devanI morInA dAbaDA uparanuM tripiTakamAMnuM avataraNa pAlimAM che. sAhityanA upalabdha graMtho paNa prAkRta ane/athavA saMskRtamAM che te ApaNe avalokyuM che. prastuta samIkSAthI sUcavI zakAya ke rAjabhASA ke darabAranI bhASA sAmAnyataH prAkRta mizrita saMskRta hoya ema saMbhave; paNa janatAnI bhASAya A ja hovAnuM kahI zakAya; kema ke sikkAo lokavyavahAranuM jJAta jJApaka che. prajA sikkAono upayoga harahaMmeza kare che. rojiMdA vyavahAramAM cIjavastuonI levaDadevaDa kAje sikkAo prajAjIvananuM anivArya aMga che. zilAlekhomAM nirdiSTa rAjadvArI Adezo ke sUcano ke rAjakAryonI prazaMsA paNa lokonI jANakArI vAte ja hoya che. eTale prajAgata thatAM sUcano ke vyavahAranAM mAdhyama mATenA sikkAo ema ubhayamAMnuM lakhANa janabhASAmAM hoya to ja prajAno pratyeka zikSitavarga emAMnuM lakhANa vAMcI samajI zake. chatAM vidvAno ane zAsako ziSTavarganI bhASA prayojatA ane jemAMthI rAjabhASA ke darabAranI bhASA ghaDAtI. AthI, keTalIka vakhata A prakAranAM jAheranAmo ke jAhera pharamAno lokabhASAne badale zAsakavarganI aMgata ruci-abhirucinI bhASAmAM bahAra paDatAM. dA.ta. rudradAmAno girinagarano zailalekha. AthI, saMskRta bhASAe lokabhASAnuM pUrepUruM sthAna meLavyuM hoya ema spaSTa thatuM nathI. TUMkamAM Amavargano moTobhAga samajI zake tevI bhASA prAkRta mizrita saMskRta haze. A samayanI upalabdha sAhitya-kRtio mahadaMze saMskRtamAM che. jo ke tethI saMskRta janabhASA banI zaktI nathI; kema ke AvA viSayonA graMtho Ama janatA mATe nathI hotA. AthI, zuddha saMskRta e sAhityikavarganI ane ziSTa samAjanI bhASA rahI hoya ema sUcita thAya che. prAkRta A samaye bolacAlanI bhASA rahI hoya paNa te saMskRtanI asarathI mukta na hatI. AthI, prAkRtane saMskRtathI alaga bhASA tarIke oLakhavAne sthAne saMskRta bhASAnuM e eka janasamAjanuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa soLa pracalita mAdhyama svarUpa hatuM ema kahevuM joIe. AthI, evuM anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna lokAbhASA tarIke saMskRtanuM sthAna hatuM ane vyavahAramAM tenAM vividha svarUpa pracAramAM haze. lipi-vikAsanAM lakSaNo A samayanI bhASA-prakriyAnI sarakhAmaNImAM lipinAM lakSaNo samajavAmAM saraLatA rahe che; kema ke utkIrNa lekhomAM ane sikkA upara upasAvelAM lakhANamAM tatkAlIna lipinA namUnA jaLavAI rahelA mojuda che. AraMbha kALamAM thoDo samaya kharoSThIra ane brAhmI ubhaya lipi eka sAthe prayojAyelI prApta thaI che. paraMtu pachI tarataTM kevaLa brAhmI lipino ja upayoga ane pracAra pravartelA jovA prApta thAya che. kSatrapakAlIna lipi azokakAlIna lipithI ane maitrakakAlIna lipithI ThIka ThIka bhinna jaNAya che. AthI, A samaya daramyAna prayojAyelI lipine ApaNe kSatrapAlIna lipi tarIke oLakhAvavI yogya gaNAze. varNa 277 kSatrapakAlIna lekhomAM badhA maLIne 42 varNa che, jemAM ATha svara (ga, A, rU, rUM, 3, RR, r ane o), be AyogavAho (anusvAra ane visarga), covIsa sparza vyaMjana (, gha, ga, gha, ca, cha, na, ba, ra, 3, 3, 4, 5, ta, tha, haiM, dha, na, 5, 6, va, ma, na, ), cAra ataMHstha vyaMjana (ya, ra, la, va) ane cAra uSman vyaMjana (za, Sa, sa, haiM)no samAveza thAya che. (A varNonI samaja mATe juo Alekha naMbara 3). svarUpa kSatrapakAlIna lekhomAM prayojita varNone azokanA jUnAgaDhI zailalekhamAM prayojAyelA varNanA maroDa sAthe sarakhAvatAM keTalIka bhinnatA spaSTa thAya che. 6, na, Ta, 3, 4, tha, dha ane va e kSatrapakAlIna varNanuM svarUpa lagabhaga azokanA zailalekhanA varNa sAthe sAmya dharAve che; jyAre zeSa varNanA maroDamAM sAro evo pheraphAra jovo prApta thAya che. dhanI dizA azokanA zailalekhanA varNa karatAM kSatrapakAlIna varNa ulaTI rIte jovA maLe che. (juo Alekha naMbara 1) zirorekhA kSatraponA abhilekhomAMnI lipinA akSaromAM jemanAM mathALAM sIdhAM UbhI rekhAvALAM che temanA mAthe biMdu svarUpe zirorekhA mUkvI zarU thaI jaNAya che; jema ke ga, ga, rUM, , 5, 6, cha, jJa, 3, 4, ta, 6, 5, , ma, ma, ya, ra, la, va, Sa, sa, 4 ane mAM. AmAMnA haiM, 5, tra ane rU akSaromAM DAbI bAjunI UbhI rekhA upara ane thamAM madhyanI UbhI rekhA upara zirorekhA nizcita thaI cUkI che. jyAre tenI jamaNI bAjUnI UbhI rekhAne mathALe kyAreka zirorekhA mUkAtI jovA maLe che. kSatrapakAlanA AraMbhamAM 3 ane 6 varNane mathALe zirorekhA baMdhAyelI jovA maLatI nathI. paraMtu pachInA kALamAM te jovA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vaLAMkadAra maroDa kSatrapakAlIna varNanA maroDamAM mukhyatve sIdhI rekhAvALA maroDamAM vaLAMkanI upasthiti jovI prApta thAya che. vaLAMkane kAraNe akSaro vadhu jhaDapathI lakhAya tevA ane suMdara maroDavALA hovAnuM jaNAya che. 3 mo, 5, , , , , , , 8 vagere jevA varNa kSatrapakAlanA aMtabhAgamAM vaLAMkadAra maroDavALA thAya che. ma, nA, 5 ane banA vaLAMkadAra maroDamAM sIdhI UbhI rekhA nIce tarapha laMbAI DAbI tarapha vaLAMka dhAraNa kare che. mAM kyAreka madhyanI ADI rekhAnA baMne cheDA nIce tarapha jhUkIne vaLAMka letA dekhAya che. je varNamAM sIdhI, ADI, UbhI ke trAMsI rekhAo dvArA khUNA bane che teo paNa goLa vaLAMka apanAve che. keTalAka varSamAM pUrNapaNe saLaMga goLa maroDavALA jaNAya che. AvA maroDa saMbhavataH cAlu kalame (eTale ke kalama upADyA vinA) lakhAyA hovAnuM kahI zakAya. vaLI keTalAka akSaronI UMcAI ghaTe che ane pahoLAI vadhe che. dA.ta. ta, dha, 5, 5, 6, sa ane TuM. A varSomAM DAbI bAjunI sIdhI UbhI rekhAne TUMkAvI nAMkhavAmAM AvI che. evI rIte jamaNI taraphanI rekhAne thoDe UMce laMbAvI enI Tocane DAbI taraphanI TocanI sapATIe rAkhavAmAM Ave che. AthI, AvA varNamAM UMcI rekhA TUMkAIne madhya kadanI bane che. A jAtanI prakriyAthI A varNa, je agAu goLa maroDavALA hatA te, sIdhA maroDavALA banyA che ane anukAlamAM punaH goLa maroDa dhAraNa kare che. 5 varNamAMya A pramANe pheraphAra thayo che. tenI vacalI UbhI rekhAne lagabhaga aDadhI TUMkAvI devAI che. ane bahudhA tenI DAbI bAjue AvelA vaLAMkanA upalA cheDAne jamaNI tarapha laMbAvavAmAM Ave che. paNa kyAreka jamaNI bAjunA vaLAMkanA cheDAne sIdhA UMce laMbAvI upalI UbhI rekhAne samAMtara ane sarakhI UMcAInI eka bIjI UbhI rekhAnuM svarUpa ApavAmAM Ave che. viziSTa svarUpa kSatrapakalamAM prayojAyelA vargamAM keTalAkanA maroDa vikAsanI dRSTie tathA AkAranI vizeSatAne lIdhe mahattvanuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. dA.ta. DuM, mo, , , , , , te, 2, dha, na, e me, 2 vagere. aMtaHstha svaracihna A lipimAM kula 10 aMtaHstha cihna che. dA.ta. mA, huM chuM 3 ,, mo ane . vyaMjananAM cihnathI vyakta thatAM vyaMjanone sakArAMta gaNelA hovAthI manA alaga alaga aMtaHsthA svara cihnanI AvazyaktA jaNAI nathI, jyAre stra, nR ke jUnA aMta:stha svaracihnano ke akSarono ahIM prayoga thayelo na hovAthI te te svaracihna jANavA maLatAM nathI. - 3 svarano vaLAMkadAra maroDa badhA vaLAMkadAra maroDamAM viziSTa svarUpano che. A vikasita maroDa varNane mathALe jamaNI taraphathI vaLAMka le che ane DAbI tarapha jhUke che. 3 nI sIdhI ADI rekhA AgaLa jaIne laMbAImAM vadhu goLa maroDa dhAraNa kare che ane jamaNa tarapha uparanI bAjue jAya che. varNanA vikAsanI sAthe temanA navA maroDane anurUpa aMtaHstha svaracihnanAM joDANa - For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa soLa 279 sthAna tathA temanA AkAramAM pheraphAra thAya che. A samayamAM aMtaHstha svaracita nizcitapaNe vaLAMkadAra maroDa dhAraNa karatAM jovA maLe che. ane laMbAI kramazaH vadhatI jAya che. (A badhA mATe juo Alekha naMbara 3). saMyuktAkSaro A lipimAM ekaMdare 24 jeTalA saMyuktAkSaro jovA prApta thayA che. dA.ta. kSa, prA, rU, , bha, na, 7, zva, sa, smI, i, tya, trA, ga, , rU, zya, zai, , eN, , ddhi, zra, dra. kSatrapakAlanAM lakhANamAM vyaMjananI nIce vyaMjanane Ubho joDIne saMyuktAkSara lakhAtA hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. arthAt pUrvaga akSaranI nIce anuga akSara Ubho joDAya che. ane azokanA samayanAM lakhANamAM saMyuktAkSaro kotaravAmAM AvI paddhati hatI. pUrvaga sAthenA saMyuktAkSaromAM nIcalA vaLAMkavALA cheDAno sAmAnyataH lopa thAya che ane tenI UbhI rekhA sAthe sIdho anuga akSara joDAya che; dA.ta., jhi, vakta, varU vagere. ahIM anuga akSaranA upalA cheDA sIdhA UbhA hoya te te varNanI sIdhI UbhI rekhAnA nIcalA cheDA sAthe ekAkAra thaI jAya che. dA.ta. jI, , kSa, vasa vagere. jJa ane jJomAM pUrvaga banA nIcale cheDe jamaNI tarapha anuga ga joDAya che. stranA vibhinna maroDa noMdhapAtra che. kSanI jema jJano maroDa sikkAomAM ghaNo pracalita jaNAya che. saMbhava che ke sikkAnA laghu kadanA kAraNe A viziSTa maroDa taiyAra thayo hoya. ganA madhyamAM jamaNI tathA DAbI bAju jatI rekhAno lopa thAya che ane tethI saMyuktAkSarano AkAra jhanA maroDane ghaNo ja maLato Ave che. AthI, varNa paricayamAM bhrama ubhave che. ra sAthenA saMyuktAkSaromAM pUrvaga ra jyAre anuga akSara sAthe joDAya che tyAre nA nIcalA DAbI bAjunA vaLAMkano lopa thAya che ane UbhI rekhAnI laMbAI ghaTe che. eTale eno AkAra eka nAnI UbhI rekhAne mathALe zirorekhA karI hoya tevo jaNAya che (A vivaraNanA anusaMdhAne juo Alekha naMbara 4). lakSaNa saMyuktAkSaromAM pUrvaga akSara ane anuga akSara sAdhAraNa rIte sarakhI UMcAInA jovA prApta thAya che. chatAM kyAMka kyAMka anuga akSaranI UMcAI ghaTelI paNa hoya che. saMyuktAkSaro sapramANa, goLa, maroDadAra ane cAlu TAMkaNe kotarAyA hovAnA kAraNe kalAtmaka dekhAya che. pUrvaga akSaranA nIcalA cheDe be pAMkho hoya tyAM anuga akSarano upalo cheDo bahudhA pUrvaga akSaranI jamaNI bAjunI pAMkha sAthe joDAya che. kyAreka anuga akSarano upalo cheDo pUrvaga akSaranA vaccenA bhAga sAthe joDAyelo jovA maLe che. dA.ta. sa. kyAreka nIcalA akSarano upalo bhAga be pAMkha-vALo hoya to keTalIkavAra enI be pAMkha upalA akSaranA nIcalA bhAganA baMne cheDe paNa joDAya che. dA.ta. 5. Ama, upalA akSaranI sAthe nIcalA akSara joDavAnI prakriyAnI A bhinna paddhatinA kAraNe saMyuktAkSaro judA judA AkAranA-maroDanA dekhAya che. AmAM nIcalo akSara jamaNI bAjue DhaLato hoya che, to keTalIkavAra upalA akSaranI barobara nIce rahelo For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jaNAya che. anuga akSara jyAre pUrvaga akSaranI nIce joDAya che tyAre tenI zirorekhAno lopa thAya che, chatAM kyAreka enI zirorekhA kAyama rahe che. dA.ta. , ca, sa, zva vagere. A saMyuktAkSaromAM 1 ane 2 anuga akSara tarIke prayojAyA hoya tyAM e baMnenAM babbe svarUpa pracAramAM rahelAM jovA maLe che. anuga ya enA mULa svarUpe joDAya che to kyAreka vaLAMkadAra maroDa (juo Alekha naMbara 3 ane 4) tarIke joDAya che. mAM eno pUrvakAlIna sarpAkAra maroDa ane bIjo samakAlIna hRsva jevo maroDa najare paDe che. pUrvaga akSara tarIke vaparAtA 1 ane 2 jayAre anuga akSara sAthe joDAya che tyAre mukhyatve temano nIceno DAbI bAjuno vaLAMka lupta thAya che. lipinI sthAnika vizeSatA pazcimI kSatraponA cAnTana kuLanI rAjadhAnI urjanamAM hatI. AthI, svAbhAvika temanA samayanI lipimAM mALavI lipinI asara hoya. kSatrapakAlIna lipinuM zarUAtanuM svarUpa pUrva mALavA ane kosAMbI pradezanI lipione AdhAre ghaDAyuM hatuM. paraMtu kSatrapakAla daramyAna keTalAMka navAM paribaLothI eka navI zailInI lipi udbhavI. kSatrapone sAtavAhano sAthe rAjakIya saMgharSamAM AvavAnuM thatAM kyAreka sAtavAhanonI sattA gujarAta upara pravartelI jovI prApta thAya che to kyAreka kSatraponI sattA dakhkhaNa pradeza upara. phalataH paraspare keTalAMka sAMskRtika AdAnapradAnanI asarano anubhava karyo. sAtavAhano pAse brAhmI lipino ghaDAI rahelo dakSiNI maroDa hato, to kSatrapo pAse uttarI lipinI paraMparA hatI. pariNAme kSatrapoe eka tarapha uttarI paraMparA jALavI rAkhI to bIjI tarapha dakSiNI maroDanI asara aMke karI. AmAMthI, kramazaH rUpAMtaro thatAM eka abhinava zailI udbhavI, je pazcimI rautI tarIke oLakhAI kSatrapakAla daramyAna 3, 5, 5 ane 6 tathA saMyuktAkSaromAM anuga nA navA maroDa pracAramAM AvyA. A navA maroDa uttara bhAratanA maroDane vizeSa maLatA Ave che. eno pracAraprayoga paNa A pradeza pUrato maryAdita rahyo che. arthAt navA maroDano sAtavAhano dvArA dakSiNanA pradezomAM pracAra bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. dakhkhaNamAM ravanA upalA hUkane vadhAre mahattva apAtuM hatuM, jayAre kSatrapomAM vanA nIcalA cheDAne vizeSa mahattva apAyuM che. sanI DAbI bAjunuM aMdara tarapha vaLavuM e paNa mAtra ahIM jovA maLe che, je uttaranA lakhANanI asara sUcave che. pUMchaDIo ma ane hUkavALo du aicchikapaNe rudrasenanA gaDhAnA lekhamAM prayojAyA che. AmAM manuM svarUpa guptakAlIna uttarI zailI jevuM che. uparAMta saMyuktAkSaromAM anuga 2 tarIkeno hUkavALo maroDa kuSANomAM prayojAto joI zakAya che. hakIkatamAM gupto ane kuSANoe, samayanA pariprekSyamAM, kSatraponI zailI apanAvI hoya te vadhAre saMbhavita che. kSatrapakAlIna lipinA keTalAka akSaronA maroDanI asara dakhkhaNamAM phelAI hovAnuM jaNAya che; jemAM ta ane nA maroDano samAveza thaI zake. kSatrapakAlIna lipinA akSaro kalAtmaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa soLa 281 svarUpa dharAve che. akSarone kalAtmaka banAvavAnI prakriyA dakhkhaNamAM vahelI zarU thaI hatI, jenI asara kSatraponA kalAtmaka akSaromAM jovI prApta thAya che. ane A asara pachI kSatrapo dvArA pUrva mALavAnAM lakhANomAM jaNAya che. A pravRtti sIdhI UbhI ane sIdhI ADI rekhAone vaLAMkadAra ane khAMcAdAra maroDa ApavAmAM vizeSa vyakta thAya che. ma, nA, , , 2 ane aMtaH 3 nA nIcalA cheDAone DAbI tarapha vALavAmAM; va ane mAM DAbI bAjUnI UbhI rekhAmAM khAMcA pADavAmAM; nanI DAbI bAjUnI nAnI UbhI rekhAne goLa khAMcAkAra banAvavAmAM A lakSaNa khAsa tarI Ave che. goLa pIThavALo DuM, pAyAmAMthI jhUkelA ane InAM sAdAM svarUpa, manI madhyamAM aicchikapaNe umerAtuM aMtaHstha gonuM cita kSatrapakAlIna lipi upara dakhkhaNanI lipinI asara sUcave che. kSatrapakAla daramyAna brAhmI lipinA akSaro upara zirorekhA aMkita karavAnI prakriyA prAraMbhAI. kyAMya nAnIzI ADI rekhAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. aMtaHstha 3 ane nAM cihnomAM bevaDAMrUpa prayojAyelA che te noMdhapAtra che. nau ane maumAM prayojAyeluM aMtaHstha maunuM cihna prA azokakAlIna hovAnuM jaNAya che. havaMta vyaMjanono prayoga ahIM pahelaprathama prayogayelo jovo prApta thAya che. A svararahita vyaMjano ane sa-svara vyaMjano vacce koI bheda nathI. mAtra halata vyaMjano bIjA akSaronI apekSAe kadamAM nAnA hoya che. aMkacihna A samayanI lipimAM AMkaDAonAM cihna paNa dhyAnArha che. 1thI 3 sudhInI saMkhyA ANapANamAMnI ADI rekhAonI jema utkIrNa thatI hatI. 4thI 9 sudhInA AMkaDA mATe akSaro jevAM khAsa cihna ghaDAyAM hatAM. nUtana aMka zailInuM zUnyanuM cihna hajI A samaya sudhI pracAramAM na hatuM, kaho ke prayojAyuM na hatuM. AthI, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 tathA 200 ane 300nAM alaga alaga cihna vaparAtAM hatAM. kSatrapakAlIna sikkAo upara 1thI 300 sudhInA AMkaDA vaparAyA hoI e kALanA 400 ane te pachInA zatakanA AMkaDA mATenAM koI cihna hAthavagAM thayAM nathI. zUnyanuM cihna ahIM nahIM hovAne kAraNe tathA sthAnamUlyanI paddhatino abhAva hovAthI pUrvakAlIna aMka zailI anusAra ekama, dazaka, zataka vagere saMkhyA mATe alaga cihna vaparAtAM hatA; jema ke 10 mATe dazakanuM eka cihna vaparAtuM, paraMtu 17 mATe 10nuM tathA 7nuM ema be cihna prayojAtAM. 144 mATe 100nuM, 40nuM tathA 4nuM ema traNa cihna vaparAtAM. to vaLI 108 mATe 100nuM ane 8nuM ema be cihna upayogamAM levAtAM hatAM. (juo Alekha 4). lekhana-paddhati - utkIrNa lekhomAMnAM lakhANa uparathI kSatrapakAlIna lekhanapaddhatino paricaya thAya che. lakhANa hAlanI jema DAbethI jamaNI tarapha ADI lITIomAM ane saLaMga lakhAtuM. eTale ke zabda ane zabda vacce jagyA rAkhavAno rivAja A samaye astitvamAM na hato. A samayanAM lakhANamAM virAma cihnono prayoga javalle ja thato. For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pAdanoMdha 1. rudradAmAno zailalekha zuddha saMskRtamAM hovA chatAMya tenA potAnA ja sikkA prAkRta mizrita saMskRtamAM che. to nahapAnanA samayanA zilAlekho (guphAlekho) prAkRtamAM hovA chatAMya enA sikkAo prAkRtamAM nathI paNa saMskRta mizrita prAkRtamAM che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke zAsakanI ruci-abhiruci jAhera pharamAnonI bhASA upara asara kare che. kSatrapo pUrvenA gujarAtanA abhilekhomAM lakhANa grIka ane kharoSThImAM jovA maLe che. phalata: A kALanA AraMbhanA be traNa rAjAoe kharoSThI lipine cAlu rAkhI hoya e svAbhAvika che. 3. bhUmaka, nahapAna ane cASTananA sikkAmAM ubhaya lipino prayoga jovA maLe che. 4. cArunanA pautra rudradAmAnA samayathI. azokakAlIna lipimAM sAmAnyataH ADI ane UbhI sIdhI rekhAono upayoga dekhAya che. jayAre maitrakAlIna lipinA akSara sarakhA, sIdhA maroDanA ane kadamAM nAnA che. 6. saMskRta lekhamAM "La"no prayoga thayo che e asAdhAraNa gaNAya. sAmAnya rIte saMskRtamAM haMmezA 'La'ne sthAne 'la' varNano viniyoga thAya che. 3ane4 dANI, InDiyana preligraphi, pRSTha 96. ane12 bUhnara, inDiyana speligrApha, pRSTha 61. 10. ojhA, bhAratIya prAcIna lipimALA, lipi paTTa 6mAM juo ane . 11ane23 dANI, uparyukta, pRSTha 96. 14. lipi, tenA maroDa, tenAM lakSaNo vagere vize vadhu mAhitI mATe juo .. cI. parIkha, gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIno lipivikAsa, amadAvAda 1974. Ama to A saMdarbhalekhaka ane A graMthalekhaka gurubaMdhu tarIke anveSaNakArya sAthe rahIne karatA hatA. AthI, lipi vize, khAsa to kSatrapakAlIna lipi vize baMne lekhako paraspara carcA vicAraNA karatA rahetA hatA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sattara bhUmikA kSatrapakALanA zAsana daramyAna ApaNA pradezamAM dharma-paraMparA ane dharma-saMpradAyonI mAhitI meLavavA mATenAM pratyakSa pramANita sAdhano hAthavagAM nathI. eTale avalokana heThaLanA samaya daramyAna ApaNe ahIM kayo dharma ke saMpradAya vadhAre lokapriya hato, kayo rAjadharma hato, samAjajIvana upara kayA dharmanI vizeSa asara hatI jevA muddAo paratve cokkasapaNe kahevuM muzkela che. to paNa kSatrapa zAsakonA zilAlekhomAM ullikhita dharmadeyo-pUrvadeyo ityAdi uparathI tathA sikkAo u52 aMkita cihna, rAjAonAM nAmamAM vaparAyelA IzvarasUcaka zabda, utkhananathI prApta stUpa, vihAra, guphA, mUrtio vagere uparathI; samakAlIna sAhityagraMthonA AdhAre tathA samakAlamAM ApaNA dezamAM pravartamAna vividha saMpradAyonA saMdarbhathI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanI dhArmikasthiti vize ThIka ThIka prakAza pAtharI zakAya che. rAjadharma dharma-paraMparA sahu prathama ApaNe rAjadharmanuM vivaraNa karIzuM. kSatrapa zAsako zaka jAtinA hatA ane videzI hatA. teo potAnA mULa vatananA dharmathI sajja thaI AvyA hatA ke nahIM te jANI zakAyuM nathI. paraMtu ApaNA rASTranA sAMskRtika itihAsanAM avalokanathI sUcavAya che ke pUrvakALamAM AvanAra dareka Akramaka prajAnI jema A zaka jAtinA lokoe paNa ApaNI saMskRtinAM lakSaNone aMke karavAmAM ane ApaNA samAjajIvananA mALakhAmAM goThavAI javAmAM saMniSTha ane sakriya prayAsa karelA. zaka jAtinA A vaMzajo ApaNA pradezanA itihAsamAM pazcimI kSatrapo tarIke khyAta hatA ane emanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtino abhyAsa spaSTataH sUcave che ke teo lagabhaga bhAratIya thaI gayA hatA. eTale temaNe ApaNA dezamAM tatkALe pravartatA koI dharmamAMthI ekAdano svIkAra karyo hovA saMbhave che. tyAre ApaNA dezamAM hindudharma (khAsa karIne temAMthI udbhUta zaiva ane vaiSNava saMpradAya), bauddhadharma ane jainadharma pravartamAna hatA, pracAramAM hatA. AmAMthI kSatrapoe kayo dharma ke kayA dharmono ke tenA peTApaMthono svIkAra karyo haze tenI vigato avalokIe. kSatrapa rAjAomAMnA AraMbhanA keTalAka rAjAonA sikkA upara bANa, vaja ane cakranAM pratIka jovAM prApta thAya che. bANa ane vajranAM pratIkathI koI dharmanuM sUcana maLatuM nathI; paraMtu cakranuM pratIka eka tarapha bauddha ane jaina dharmanAM pratIka che ane bIjI bAjue viSNunuM pratIka paNa che. AthI, kSatrapa rAjAo bauddhadharma ke vaiSNava saMpradAyamAMthI konA bhakta haze e kahevuM muzkela che. nahapAna ane tenA pachInA badhA rAjAonA cAMdInA sikkA upara prayojAyelA parvata For Personal & Private Use Only

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284 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pratIkathI paNa koI sUcana maLatuM nathI. nahapAna-uSavadAranA lekho bauddhaguphAomAMthI prApta thayA che ane emAM bauddha saMghane dAna ApyAM hovAno nirdeza che. AthI, teo bauddhadharmanA anuyAyI hoI zake evo saMbhava vyakta karI zakAya. A rAjAonA cAMdInA sikkAo upara caMdra, sUrya, parvata tathA nadInAM cihna che. A badhAM zAzvatatAnAM-amarakIrtinAM pratIka hoya ane dhArmika pratIka tarIke emanuM evuM koI tAtparya nA paNa hoya. AthI A cihno paNa kSatraponA rAjadharma bAbate koI anumAna tAravavA upakAraka thatAM nathI. uSavadAranA nAmamAM pUrvapada uSava(=vRSabha) kAM to zaiva saMpradAyanuM, kAM to jaina dharmanuM sUcana dharAvatuM hoya. eNe brAhmaNone ApelAM grAmadAna, kanyAdAna ane bhojanadAna uparathI brAhmaNadharmanuM sUcana paNa rAjadharma tarIke thaI zake. cArunAdi vaMzanA trIsa jeTalA puruSomAMthI nava puruSonAM nAmanA pUrvArdha tarIke rUdra zabda che. AthI anumAnI zakAya ke pazcimI kSatrapo zaiva saMpradAyanA anuyAyI hoya. jayadAmAnA tAMbAnA corasa sikkA paranAM vRSabha ane trizULanAM pratIka uparyukta anumAnane samarthe che. mALavAmAMthI prApta thayelA svAmI jIvadAmAnA zilAlekhamAM te potAne svAmI mahAsenano upasAka gaNe che. tethI saMbhavataH kSatrapomAMnA keTalAka rudra(mahAdeva) ane mahAsenanA upAsaka hovA joIe. rAjA mahAkSatrapa IzvaradattanuM nAma paNa ahIM vicAravA yogya kharuM". prastuta pRthakkaraNathI sUcavI zakAya ke pazcimI kSatrapono koI spaSTa rAjadharma anumAnavo muzkela che. paraMtu mukhyatve teomAMnA ghaNA zaivapaMthI hovA saMbhave che.. brAhmaNa dharma zaiva ane vaiSNava saMpradAyanI carcA alaga rIte have pachI karI che. ahIM to mAtra emanA mULa srota samA brAhmaNadharmanI pravRttiono paricaya Apavo Avazyaka jaNAya che. nahapAnanA jamAI uSavadAttanA nAsika guphAnA lekhothI A vize thoDIka mAhitI maLe che. eNe traNa lAkha gAyanuM dAna, brAhmaNone soLa gAmanuM dAna, dara varSe eka lAkha brAhmaNone bhojananAM dAna, prabhAsanA puNyatIrthamAM potAnA paise brAhmaNone ATha kanyAnAM dAna jevA ullekha spaSTataH brAhmaNone sparze che. uparAMta bAskRzA nadIno ghATa baMdhAvyo; bharUca, dazapura, govardhana, zuparaka jevAM sthaLoe ArAmagRha baMdhAvyAM. ibA, pAradA, tApI, karaberA, dAhanUkA jevI nadIomAM niHzulka hoDIonI vyavasthA karI. A badhI bAbatothI phalita thAya che ke kSaharAta kSatraponA samayamAM brAhmaNAdharmano ThIka ThIka pracAra thayo hato. somasiddhAMta prabhAsapATaNanA eka lekhamAM (IsvI 1169) 10 darzAvyA mujaba some prabhAsamAM somanAthamAM sonAnuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM ane zivanI AjJAthI potAnI paddhati (school) sthApI ane te sthAna pAzupatone arpaNa karyuM. purANo anusAra" zive prabhAsamAM somazarmArUpe padhArI A maMdira baMdhAvyuM. abhilekhamAMnI somanI ane sAhityika sAmagrI anusAra somazarmAnI kathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sattara 285 eka ja anuzrutinAM be pAsAM che. to ubhaya mAhitInuM Akalana karatAM evuM darzAvI zakAya ke soma athavA somazarmA nAmanI koI aitihAsika vyakti vidyamAna hatI ane temaNe prabhAsamAM zaiva saMpradAya sthApayo ane sosiddhAMtano mata pravartAvyo. AthI, sUcavAya che ke gujarAtamAM zaiva saMpradAyanA sau prathama mukhya AcArya somazarmA hoya. AthI, somazarmAno samaya sunizcita karavo A tabakke Avazyaka che. A mATe koI Abhilekhika purAvo maLato nathI. paraMtu purANo temane rudra-zivanA sattAvIsamA avatArara tarIke ane lakulIzane aThThAvIsamA avatAra tarIke oLakhAve che. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke gujarAtamAM pAzupata matanA saMsthApaka-pravartaka lakulIzanA somazarmA purogAmI che. A somazarmAne cAra ziSya hatAH akSapAda, kaNAda, ulUka ane vatsa 14. nyAyasUtronA racayitA akSapAda IsvI 150nA arasAmAM vidyamAna hovAno mata vadhu svIkArya jaNAya che15. to emanA guru somazarmAno uttarakALa paNa A ja arasAmAM hoI zake. arthAt somasiddhAMta A samaya pUrveno gaNI zakAya. paraMtu kaNAde racelAM vaizivasUtro cAyasUtrothIya pUrvakALanAM che. vaizeSimUtro carakasaMhitA pUrve racAyAM hovAno mata paNa che. muni carakano samaya IsvI 80 AsapAsano darzAvAyo che. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke caraka akSapAda pUrve ane kaNAda caraka pUrve vidyamAna hoya. to kaNAdano samaya saMbhavataH IsunI pahelI sadInA cothA caraNa pahelAM arthAt bIjA-trIjA caraNamAM sUcavI zakAya. A gaNatarInA saMdarbhe kaNAdanA guru somazarmA IsvInI pahelI sadInA pahelA-bIjA caraNamAM vidyamAna hovAnuM phalita thaI zake. ( purANomAM somazarmA vize bhUtakALano ane lakulIza mATe bhaviSyakALano viniyoga thayo che. somazarmA lakulIzanA pitAmaha gaNAya.... A badhI hakIkatonA pariprekSyamAM ubhayanI vacce be peDhI jeTaluM aMtara (Azare 50 varSa jeTaluM) hovAnuM sUcita thAya. lakulIza IsvInI bIjI sadInA pahelA caraNamAM hovAno mata sarvamAnya che19. kaNAda vagerenA guru somazarmA ane lakulIzanA pitAmaha somazarmA baMne eka ja hoya to pachI somazarmA IsvInI pahelI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna hovAno agAu nirdiSTa mata vadhAre saMbhavita che. AthI, evuM darzAvI zakAya ke najIkanA prAkSatrapAla daramyAna somazarmAe prabhAsa pATaNamAM pravartAvelo sosiddhAMta kSatrapakAla daramyAna vadhAre pracAramAM prasAramAM Avyo hoya ane enA bhaktoe ahIM maMdira baMdhAyuM hoya evuM saMbhave kharuM. lakulIza : pAzupata saMpradAyanA pravartaka pAzupata matanA pravartaka lakulIza e mAhezvarano avatAra gaNAya che. A avatAranA saMsthAna tarIke kAyAvarohaNa (vaDodarA jillAnA DabhoI pAsenuM hAlanuM kAravaNa) jANItuM che. keTalAka zilAlekhomAM zaivasaMpradAyanA AcArya tarIke nakulI ke lakulIno ullekha che. dhArmiko emane zivanA avatAra tarIke gaNe che. gupta saMvata 61nA caMdragupta rajAnA samayanA eka lekhamAM upamitezvara ane kapilezvara nAmanAM zivaliMganI pratiSThA karanAra tarIke "Arya uditAcArya kuzikathI dazamA, parAzarathI cothA, bhagavAna kapilanA ziSyanA ziSya ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta upamitanA ziSya hovAno ullekha che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke IsvI 381(=gupta saMvata 61)mAM kuzikanI (eTale nakulIzanA ziSyanI) dazamI peDhIno puruSa vidyamAna hovAnuM jaNAya che. peDhI dIDha pacIsa varSanI gaNatarI anusAra kuzikane IsvI 131 (eTale 381250=131)mAM vidyamAna hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya. tadanusAra enA guru nakulIza paNa enA pUrva-samakAlIna hoI IsvInI bIjI sadInA prathama caraNamAM ke prathama sadInA chellA caraNamAM vidyamAna hovA saMbhave. phalataH ema kahI zakAya ke pAzupata mata kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM udbhavyo ane pracAramAM Avyo. somanAthanuM maMdira kayAre ? gujarAtanA saurASTra vistAramAM AveluM ane kahevAto (?) arabI samudra jenA paga pakhALe che te somanAthanuM ati prasiddha maMdira aneka vakhata nAza pAmyuM ane eno eTalI ja vakhata punaruddhAra paNa thayo. ApaNA dezanAM zaiva tIrthomAM agraNI somanAthanuM A maMdira sahu prathama kyAre baMdhAyuM haze te prazna carcAnI eraNa upara mUkyo hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. A bAbate vidvAnomAM koI khAsa matabheda hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI. AthI, ahIM te saMdarbhe thoDI carcA prastuta che. ApaNA dezanA pazcima kinArA upara sthita pUrvAbhimukha A devAlaya ApaNuM eka prabhAvI tIrthadhAma gaNAya che. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke somanAtha pATaNano prabhAsa tIrtha tarIkeno ullekha mahAbhArata ane purANomAM che. mahamUda gajhanavInA samayamAM somanAthanuM maMdira ApaNA dezanAM anya zaiva tIrthomAM agrapade hatuM. ane tethI tenI bhavya samRddhithI AkarSAIne mahamUde somanAthane lUMTyuM ane toDyuM hatuM. somanAtha maMdiranI A bhavyatA ane samRddhi kaMI thoDAM varSamAM thaI hoya e zakaya nathI. vaLI, mULarAje A samaye (IsvI 942-97) gujarAtamAM anya sthaLoe somanAtha bhagavAnanAM maMdira baMdhAvyAM hatAM. eTale anyatra AvAM maMdira bAMdhavA-baMdhAvavA bhakto prerAya evI khyAti mULa maMdiranI hoya e svAbhAvika che5. kajhensa anusAra somanAthanuM maMdira valabhInA maitrakonI pahelAMnA samayamAM baMdhAyuM haze ane maitrakonA zAsana daramyAna enI deza samastamAM khyAti prasarI haze. kSatraponA samayamAM bhairava ke evA koI nAme maMdira baMdhAyuM hoya ane enuM somanAtha nAma tyAre ke maitrakonA samaye pracAramAM ke prasiddhimAM AvyuM hoya. nahapAnanA samayanA nAsika guphAnA eka lekhamAM prabhAsanA puNyatIrthamAM potAnA paise brAhmaNone ATha kanyAnAM dAna ApyAM hovAno spaSTa nirdeza che. AthI, IsvIsananI pahelI sadInA bIjA caraNa daramyAna prabhAsa tIrthadhAma hovAnuM maMtavya sAdhAra bane che. vaLI, kSatrapa rAjAomAMnA keTalAkano namUno pUrvapada tareke dra zbdano prayau" che. jayaMdAmAna. tAMbAnA sikkA upara naMdi ane trizULanAM pratIka upasAvelAM che. ApaNe avalokayuM tema IsvInI pahelI sadImAM prabhAsamAM somasiddhAMta prarvatAvyo hato. kAravaNamAM IsunI bIjI sadImAM lakulIzano prAdurbhAva thayo hato. - A badhI hakIkatone dhyAnamAM levAthI evuM saMbhavI zake che ke kSatraponA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sattara 287 amala daramyAna prabhAsamAM somanAthanuM maMdira vidyamAna hovuM joIe. paraMtu A maMdira kAchanirmita hoya to dIrghakALa sudhI TakI rahevuM muzkela gaNAya. kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM zaiva saMpradAyano pracAra hovAnA keTalAka purAvazeSIya purAvA prApta thayA che. kAravaNamAMthI maLelI lakulIzanI pratimA Ano mahattvano purAvo to che ja. A uparAMta zAmaLAjImAMthI kSatrapakAlIna keTalAMka zaivazilpo hAtha lAgyAM che; jemAM bhIlaDInA vezamAM pArvatInuM zilpa, mAhezvarI mAtRkAnuM zilpa, cAmuMDA mAtRkA, dhaDa ane pagavALuM zilpa (saMbhavataH zivanuM) vagere pratimAno samAveza thAya che. vizeSamAM cAreka dAyakA pUrve devanI morI gAmanA pAdaramAM khodakAma karavAthI mULa avasthAmAM raheluM zivaliMga sAthenI, kSatrapakAlIna IMTothI sajja, eka pIThikA maLI che 9. Ama A badhA purAvA uparathI paNa kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM somanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAyuM hovAnA matane samarthana maLe che. uparyukta arthaghaTita varNanane pUratuM samarthana saMprApta thayuM che somanAthanA maMdiranA parisaramAM 1950mAM thayelA vyavasthita ukhananakAryathI. ahIMthI tyAre bottle-necked sprinkler maLI AvyuM hatuM. A vAsaNano AkAra hastinApuramAMnA utpananathI prApta vAsaNonA AkAra jevo che. A vAsaNo Isu pUrvenI pahelI sadIthI IsvInI bIjI sadI sudhInA samayapaTamAMthI hAtha lAgyAM che. to somanAthamAMthI hAtha lAgeluM bottle-necked sprinkler paNa A samaya daramyAnanuM hovAnuM anumAnI zakAya. eTale evuM sAdhAra sUcavI zakAya ke somanAthanuM pahelaprathama maMdira IsunI bIjI sadInA uttarArdhamAM ke trIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM baMdhAyuM hovAnI zakyatA rahe che. zaiva saMpradAya prabhAsa pATaNamAM prAgaTya pAmelo so siddhAMta, kAravaNamAM prAdUrbhAva pAmelo lakulIzano avatAra, pAzupata saMpradAyamAM anukAlamAM thayelo vikAsa, somanAthanA maMdiranuM sau prathama nirmANakArya, kSatrapa rAjAonAM nAmamAM IzvarasUcaka pUrvapada sudra, temanA sikkAmAM naMdi ane trizULanAM pratIka - A badhA agAu ApaNe avalokI gayelA muddAo uparathI spaSTataH anumAnI zakAya ke kSatraponA zAsanasamaya daramyAna zaiva saMpradAyano ApaNA pradezamAM sAro vikAsa thayo hato. zAmaLAjInA parisaramAMthI zaila saMpradAya saMlagnita pratimAonI prApti, devanI morI gAmamAMthI kSatrapakAlIna IMTothI racAyelI pIThikA upara mULa avasthAmAM maLeluM zivaliMga jevI hakIkato asaMdigdhapaNe sUcita kare che ke kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM zaiva saMpradAyano vyApaka pracAra thayo hato. caMdrapUjA somanAtha zabdamAM soma eTale caMdra ane nAtha eTale Izvara evA artha darzAvI keTalAka vidvAnoe somanAthanI utpattimAM caMdranI purANokta kathAo saMlagnita karI dIdhI che. jo ke zaiva yogIo agni, sUrya ane caMdra e traNeyane mahattva Ape che. AthI, prabhAsamAM agni ane sUryanAM tIrtha hoI caMdranuM tIrtha haze ane tenuM maMdira haze evI kalpanA vyakta karAI. paraMtu A mATe koI pratyakSa pramANa upalabdha thayAM nathI. umA sahita ziva te soma evo eka artha pracalita For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 288 che; kema ke zive umAne kalA(caMdra) kahI che. zivanA anuyAyIo kapALamAM tripUMDa aMgikAra kare che, jeno AkAra bIjAnA caMdra jevo che. somavatI amAvAsyAnuM mAhAtmya ahIM vicAravA jevuM kharuM; kAraNa ke caMdrakalAnI vadhaghaTane kAraNe pUnama ane amAsa anubhavAya che. zaivayogIomAM somavidyA vizeSa khyAta che. AthI, somavidyAnA upAsako somanAthamAM hovA bAbate aTakaLa pracArita thaI che. ApaNA dezanI sAMskArika paraMparAmAM bAra jyotirliMgano mahimA che, jemAM somanAthano ullekha prAraMbhe che. AmAM somanAtha mATenuM vizeSaNa A prakAre cheH khyotirmaya candranA vartasam. somavidyAnA upAsako evA zaivayogIo potAnA mastake caMdrakalAnuM cihna dhAraNa kare che". prastuta vivaraNI vizleSaNathI evuM sUcita thAya che ke somanAthamAM caMdrapUjAnuM mahattva hoya. kSatraponA sikkAnA pRSThabhAgamAM parvatanI Toce ane upalA zikharanI DAbI bAjue ema caMdranI be AkRtio che. AmAM DAbIbAjUno caMdra, jamaNI tarapha sUryanI AkRti che. tethI, prakRtinA zAzvata tattvanuM sUcana kare che evI dalIla vyakta thaI zake; paraMtu parvatanI TocanI upa2no vadhArAno caMdra kSatrapo caMdranA upAsako hoya evuM anumAna karI zakAya. tadanusAra saMbhavataH kSatrapakALa daramyAna ApaNA pradezamAM caMdranI pUjA pracAramAM haze ane somana!-prabhAsa tenuM mukhya kendra haze evuM sUcavI zakAya. sUryapUjA prabhAsamAM pUrvakALamAM sUryapUjA thatI hatI evo nirdeza mahAbhAratanA vanaparvamAM (adhyAya 132, zloka 7) che. Ajeya prabhAsamAM sUryamaMdira che. prabhAsakSetranuM apara nAma bhAskarakSetra che". prabhAsa eTale atizaya prakAzamAna ane bhAskara eTale sUrya evA artha ahIM A saMdarbhe vicAravA yogya kharA. skaMdapurANamAMnA prabhAsakhaMDamAMnI kathAnusAra sUcavI zakAya ke prabhAsakSetramAM sUryapUjA pUrvakALamAM astitvamAM hovI joIe. ApaNe joyuM ke zaivayogIo agni, sUrya ane caMdrane sarakhuM mahattva Ape che e hakIkata paNa ahIM vicAraNIya che. prabhAsamAM somanAthanuM maMdira ane caMdrapUjA vidyamAna hoya to sUryapUjAnuM astitva avagaNI zakAya nahIM jo ke A vAste pratyakSa pramANo upalabdha nathI. jainadharma A samayanA ApaNA pradezamAM jainadharmanI lokapriyatAno khyAla jainAcAryonI pravRtti uparathI maLI rahe che. Arya khapuTa', pAdaliptasUri, nAgArjuna, vajrabhUti, siddhasena divAkara, mallavAdIsUri ityAdi jainAcAryo" ApaNA pradeza sAthe sIdhI rIte saMkaLAyelA hatA. nAgArjuna surASTra vistAranA vatanI hatA. ekadA pATalIputranA pAdaliptAcArya tIrthayAtrA aMtargata DhaMkapurI (DhAMka) padhAryA, tyAre nAgArjunane temano samAgama thayo. nAgArjuna temanI pAsethI rasasiddhi pAmyA ane gurunA smaraNArthe zaMtrujayanI taLeTImAM pAdaliptapura (vartamAna pAlitANA) nAmanuM nagara vasAvyuM ane parvata upara jaina caitya sthApI mahAvIranuM prasthApana karyuM tema ja gurunI mUrti paNa sthApita karI. A uparAMta nAgArjunane zeDhI nadInA kinAre For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sattara pArzvanAthanI pratImAnI pratiSThA karI staMbhana tIrtha sthApyuM. AcArya vajrabhUti bharukacchanA vatanI hatA. nahapAnanI patnI padmAvatInA te guru hatA ane emanAM kAvya nahapAnanA aMtaHpuramAM gavAtAM hatAM. siddhasena divAkara gurjaravAsI na hatA, paNa emano vihA2pradeza mukhyatve gujarAta sAthe saMkaLAyelo hato. mallavAdI valabhInA vatanI hatA. jainadarzananA kheDANamAM ane pracAramAM A baMne vidvAnono phALo dhyAnArha gaNAya che. 209 A badhA jainAcAryonI pravRttio ane emanAM jIvana-kavana uparathI eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke kSatrapakALa daramyAna samagra gujarAtamAM jainadharmano pracAra ane phlAvo ghaNo hato. vIra nirvANanI navamI sadImAM nAgArjunanA adhyakSapade valabhImAM saMpanna thayelI pariSadamAM AgamavAcanAne saMkalita karavAnI je mahattvanI ghaTanA ghaTelI te vize vigate carcA ApaNe agAu prakaraNa paMdaramAM karI che. AthI, spaSTataH valabhI e jainadharmanuM ane jaina darzanazAstranuM eka agrima kendra hatuM ema kahI zakAya eTale ke kSatraponA zAsanamAM gujarAtamAM jainadharmano abhyudayakALa pravartato hovo joIe. pAdaliptacAryanI puNyasmRtimAM prasthApAyeluM pAlitANA, bhAvaDanuM nivAsasthAna baneluM madhumatI(mahuvA), vIsamA tIrthaMkara muni suvratanA nAma samathe saMlagnita ane Arya khapuTe punaHpratiSThita kareluM bharukaccha najIkanuM azvAvabodhatIrtha, pArzvanAthanI pratiSThA karI nAgArjune sthApeluM staMbhanaka (hAlanuM thAmaNA) jevAM tIrtha paNa gujarAtamAM jainadharmanI A samaya daramyAna lokapriyatAnuM sUcana kare che. ujjayanta(girinagara), zaMtrujaya, DhAMka ane bharukacchamAM jainatIrtho hatAM. jUnAgaDhanI bAvApyArAnI guphAomAM eka zilAlekhamAM vRlijJAna saMprAptanA nirdezathI A guphAsamUha jaina sAdhuo mATe nirmANa pAmI hovAnuM agAu ApaNe avalokyuM che. paraMtu A graMthalekhaka A guphAo jainadharmanI hovAnuM svIkAratA nathI". uparakoTanI (jUnAgaDha) be malAyukta guphAo jainadharmI hovAnuM ApaNe noMdhyuM che. rAjakoTa jillAnA DhAMka gAmanA pAdare AvelA DuMgaranI pazcima dhAre AdinAtha, zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra vagerenI pratimAo kaMDArelI che. sANAnI guphAoya jainadharmI hovAnuM anumAyuM che. A badhI hakIkatothI" evuM sUcavI zakAya che ke kSatrapakALa daramyAna gujarAtamAM jainadharmanA thayelA vikAsane samarthana saMprApta thAya che. jainadharmamAM zvetAMbara-digaMbaranA prabhedanuM uddabhavasthAna gujarAtamAM hovAnuM eka jaina anuzrutithI sUcita thAya che. devendrasUrinA graMthomAM jaNAvelA vi.saM.136mAM valabhImAM thayelI sevaDa (zvetapaTa = zvetAMbara) saMpradAyanI utpatti tathA digaMbara saMpradAya anusAra vIra nirvANa 609 (vi. saM. 139)mAM valabhIpuramAM thayelI vrutti(vastradhArI) saMpradAyanI utpattine abhivyakta karatI anuzruti vigate aitihAsika nA hoya to paNa jainadharmanI mahAna pravRttionAM kendra tarIke valabhIpuranI mahattA jainadharmanA abhyudayanuM spaSTa sUcana kare che. kahevAnuM tAtparya eTaluM ja ke jainAcAryonI vividha pravRttio, AgamonuM saMpanna thayeluM kArya, jainatIrthonAM mAhAtmya, jainadharmanI keTalIka guphAonAM astitva, saMprApta thayelA keTalAka For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta abhilekha, jaina sAhityanI kRtio, zvetAMbara-digaMbara saMpradAyonAM utpattisthAna vagere saMdarbhe saMkalita ane pRthakkakRta karelI uparyukta hakIkatathI kSatraponA samayamAM ApaNA pradezamAM jainadharmanA abhyadayanuM suMdara ane spaSTa citra upaseluM jovuM prApta thAya che. bauddhadharma sthiramati ane guNamatie valabhI najIkanA virahamAM rahIne aneka graMtho racyA hovAnI vigato ApaNe agAu prakaraNa paMdaramAM joI gayA. A graMtho upalabdha nathI paNa tenA cInI anuvAda upalabdha che. bauddhadarzananA A zreSTha graMtho che. devanI morInA bauddhasUpamAMthI prApta zelasamudgakanA DhAMkaNA upara bahAranA, bAjunA ane aMdaranA bhAge tripiTakamAMnuM pratItyasumAnA siddhAMtane sparzatuM gujarAtamAMthI maLI AveluM A Amilekhika-dhArmika pramANa ahIMyAM bauddhadharmanA pracAranuM ghAtaka daSTAMta che. A mAhitI paNa ApaNe prakaraNa paMdaramAM prastuta karI che. bAvA-pyArAnA traNa guphAsamUhomAMnI "epha" saMkSita guphAmAMno sUpa bauddha hovA saMbhave che. (juo prakaraNa aDhAra, Alekha pAMca)47. jUnAgaDha pAsenA boriyA nAmanA sthaLethI eka IMTarI stUpa hAtha lAgyo hato, jemAMnuM asthipAtra hAla jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlayamAM saMgRhIta che. A paNa bauddha hovAnuM anumAnAyuM che. jUnAgaDha pAsenA iMTavA gAmethI rudraNena vihAra maLI Avyo che. A vihAranA khodakAmamAMthI 23 se.mI. vyAsanuM pakavelI mATInuM eka nAnakaDuM mudrAMka maLI AvyuM che, jenA upara mahIranA rudrasena vihAra fmakSusaMdhastha e prakAranuM lakhANa utkIrNa che. AthI, kahI zakAya ke kSatrapa rAjavI drasena 1lAnA samayamAM bhikSusaMgha vAste A vihAranuM nirmANakArya saMpanna thayeluM. jetapurathI eka kilomITaranA aMtare bhAdara nadInA kAMThe khaMbhAlIDAnI bauddha guphAo pAMca nAnAM nAnAM jUthamAM kaMDArelI maLI AvI che. taLAjAnA DuMgaramAMthI trIsa karatAMya vadhAre bauddhaguphAo hAtha lAgI che. ahIM eka nAnakaDuM caitya paNa che. sANAnA DuMgaranI baMne dhAre bAsaTha jeTalI guphAo bauddha hovAnuM kahevAya che. jhIMjhurIjharanI khINamAM paNa bauddha guphAo hovAno mata vyakta thayo che. devanI morImAMthI saMprApta IMTarI mahAtUpa ane IMTerI mahAvihAra bauddhadharmI che. sUpanA peTALamAMthI bhagavAna zibalanA zarIrAvazeSa ane anya cIjoyukta paththarano eka dAbaDo maLI Avyo che. stUpanI bIjI pIThikAnA gavAkSamAMthI mATIthI banAvelI, mATInA phalakanA pazcAdabhU upara upasAvelI ane pachI pakavIne taiyAra karelI evI dhyAnastha buddhanI chavIsa pratimAo saMprApta thaI chev0. bauddhAcArya buddhAnaMde jinAnaMdane harAvyA hatA. jinAnaMdanA bhANeje buddhAnaMdane harAvyA hatA. Ama, be dharma vaccenA vivAdane ahIM A saMdarbhe dhyAnamAM levo joIe. cAkhana-rudradAmAnA samayanA AMdhanA yajhilekhomAMthI bemAM grAmajora ane grAmorI evA ullekha prApta thayA che. A zabdo bauddhadharmamAM zikhAu zramaNa ane zramaNI vAstu pracalita For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa sattara 291 hatA53. bauddhasaMghamAM gRhastha upAsaka ane upAsikA pravajyA le tyAre tene zramaNa ane zramaNInI avasthA prApta karatA pUrve zrAmaNera ane grAmaNerInI tAlIma levI paDatI hatI. sAhityika, purAvazeSIya ane Abhilekhika sAmagrInA saMdarbhe atyAra sudhInA vivaraNavizleSaNathI sUcita thAya che ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM bauddhadharmano ghaNo sAro vikAsa thayo hato. valabhI, jUnAgaDha, devanI morI vagere te dharmanA mahAna tIrtha hovAnuM saMbhave che". tIrthabhAvanA ane pUrvakArya vividha dharmanA uparyukta vivaraNathI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanA lokonI tIrthabhAvanA vizeno mata abhivyakta thAya che. traNeya dharma ane saMpradAyonA tIrthonA nirdeza prastuta maMtavyane samaLe che. AMdhaunA cAra yaSTilekhano hetu, guMdAnA lekhamAM nirdiSTa vApInuM dAna, uSavadAttanAM dAnakAryo vagere ullekho A samayanA gurjara lokonI dharmapriyatAnuM sUcana kare che. tIrthonAM varNananI vigatothI sUcavAya che ke A kALamAM tIrthayAtrAno mahimA dhyAnArha hato. vApI, kUpa, taDAga, devAlayAdi lokopayogI kAryo tathA annadAna ane ArAmagRhonA thayelA ullekha uparathI loko pUrtakAryomAM zraddhAti hovAno pratyaya thAya che. uSavadAtta baMdhAvelA vAva, kUvA vagare; cAkhana-rudradAmAnA AMdhaunA lekhono hetuM, guMdAnA lekhamAMno kUvAdAnano nirdeza vagere pUrtadharma jevAM dhArmika kAryomAM lokonI utkaTa icchAnAM darzana thAya che. pAdanoMdha 1. cakranA pratIkane repsana dharma tarIke oLakhAvI ene bauddhadharmanuM pratIka gaNe che (keTalaoNga, phakaro 87). paraMtu jaina paraMparAya bAhubalIe sthApelA dharmanI vAta kare che (umAkAMta zAha, sTaDIjha ina jaina ArTa, pRSTha 10). to zrIkRSNanA sudarzana cakrane paNa najara aMdAja karI zakAya nahIM. AthI, repsananuM sUcana svIkArya rahetuM nathI. hakIkatamAM cakranuM pratIka zAzvata jaNAya che. A AkRtine agAu caitya che ema mAnavAmAM AveluM. paNa have to te parvatanI AkRti che ema svIkArAyuM che. (vigato mATe juo prakaraNa tera). 3. A bAbatanA vivaraNa vAste juo prakaraNa tera. A baMne Ama to phakta A rAjAnA sikkA upara ja aMkita thayelAM che. to bIjA keTalAka rAjAonA sikkA upara ekalA vRSabhanuM citra upasAveluM jovuM prApta thAya che. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo prakaraNa tera.. 5. eI., pustaka soLa, pRSTha 232. 6. mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 1lAnA guMdAnA lekhamAM AbhIra senApati rudrabhUtinA nAmano vicAra ahIM karavo joIe (ejana, pRSTha 235). 7ane8. A badhAM sthaLa ane nadInAM oLakhANa vAste juo prakaraNa 11nI pAdanoMdha. 9. rAjA rudradAmAnA girinagaranA zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa,.....no-brA[]......[rtha] dhaH #f4 vuddhArtha..... zabdo paNa prastuta anumAnanA saMdarbhe samarthanamAM vicAravA yogya che. 10. guaile., pustaka 2, pRSTha 62, naMbara 155, zloka 15. 11. vAyavIya saMhitA, adhyAya 5, For Personal & Private Use Only

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292 12. satyavize yA vyAso nAto bhaviSyati / prabhAsatIrthamAzritya somazamAM tavAvyaham / (juo zivapurALa aMtargata rudrasaMhitA, sarga 3, adhyAya 5, zloka 41-49). 13. ejana, zloka 43thI. 14. tApi mama te ziSyA: mavinti tapasvinaH / kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta akSapAt LAvasyonUjo vatsastathaiva ca // (ejana, zloka 41). 15. satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa, hisTarI oNva inDiyana laoNjika, 1921, pRSTha 50. 16. surendranAtha dAsaguptA, hisTarI oNva inDiyana philaoNsaphi, pustaka 1, 1922, pRSTha 279. 17. ejana, pRSTha 280. 18. AravaLa mAhAtmyamAM ApelI lakulIzanI vaMzAvaLI uparathI. (juo : vallabha vidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA, pustaka 1, aMka 1, pRSTha 19). jI.pra.amIna, 'gujarAtanA mukhya zaiva AcAryo', svAdhyAya, pustaka 5, aMka 3, pRSTha 324-25. 19. de.rA.bhAMDArakara, ei., pustaka 21, pRSTha 7. 20. vigato vAste juo A ja prakaraNamAM 'somanAthanuM maMdira kyAre' vALo muddo. ka.mA.munzI, somanAtha dha sAIna iTaranala, pRSTha 12 ane 66. 21. vAyupurALa, prakaraNa 23, zloka 210-13 ane nipurALa, prakaraNa 24, zloka 127-31. A baMne graMthamAM mAhezvaranA avatAranI kathA nirUpAI che. ubhayanI kathAmAM thoDo bheda che. vAyupurANamAM nakkalin nAma che jyAre hripurANamAM tatkRtinlR. jo ke baMne eka ja vyaktinAM nAma hovA saMbhave che. (bhAMDArakara, vaiSNavijhama, saivijhama eNnDa mAyanora rilijasa sisTimsa, 1928, pRSTha 166) baMne purANonI racanA IsunI zarUAtanI sadIomAM thaI hovAno mata che. (du. ke. zAstrI, purANa vivecana, pRSTha 165-68). 22. A lekha hAla mathurA saMgrahAlayamAM che, je zaivastaMbha upara utkIrNa che. 23. du.ke.zAstrI, aitihAsika saMzodhana, pRSTha 573-587 ane umAzaMkara jozI, purANomAM gujarAta, pRSTha 210. 24ane26. kajhensa, somanAtha eNnDa adhara meDiivala Tempalsa ina kAThiyAvADa, 1931, pRSTha. 25. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, somanAtha, pRSTha 78. 27. somanAtha, pRSTha 79. hariprasAda zAstrInA mata mujaba somanAthanuM maMdira mAhezvara maitrakonA samayamAM baMdhAyuM hovuM joIe (maigu., pustaka 2, pRSTha 369thI). 28. ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 12thI. 29. A badhAM zilponAM varNana A graMthamAM prakaraNa 20mAM vIMgeta karelAM che. uparAMta umAkAMta zAhaSkRta skalpacarsa phraoNMma zAmaLAjI eNnDa roDA graMthamAM pRSTha 43thI ane pRSTha 121thI A vize pracura mAhitI ApI che. 30. bI.ke.thApare 1950nA sapTembara-oNkTobaramAM A khodakAma kareluM, jeno ahevAla ka.mA.munzIe somanAtha, dha sAIna iTaranala mAM Ameja karyo che (juo pRSTha 71thI 90). 31. 'somanAthanuM maMdira sau prathama kyAre baMdhAyuM' e nAmano raseza jamInadArano lekha juo svAdhyAya, pustaka 7, aMka 1, pRSTha 45thI 48. uparAMta juo itihAsa saMzodhana graMthamAM prakaraNa sAta. 32,34ane35. ratnamaNirAva, somanAtha, pRSTha 48 ane 62thI 72 tathA 72. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa rAttara 33. mA thitA mukhya 3mA nAma nA zubhA (skaMdapurANa, 4, 115). 3. etatprakAzate tIrthaM prabhAsaM bhAskara dyuti / indrasya dayitaM puNyaM pavitra pApanAzanam // 3. sUrya bhagavAne potAnI soLa kaLAmAMthI 12 kaLA prabhAsanAM bAra sUryamaMdiramAM pradatta karI dIdhI ane zeSa cAra pote rAkhI lIdhI. (juo adhyAya 12). uparAMta du.ke.zAstrI, gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAno, pRSTha 55 5 . 3. Arya khapuTa prAkU-kSepakALamAM ApaNA pradezamAM vidyamAna hatA. teo bharUcanA vatanI hatA ane vidyAsiddha AcArya hatA. AthI, prafa kSatrapakAlamAM ahIM jaina dharmano pracAra hato ema sUcavI zakAya, je pracAra--paraMparA kSatrapakAlamAM cAlu rahI hovAnI pUratI saMbhAvanA nakArI zakAya nahIM. 30 A badhA jainAcAryo vize juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdaramAM tatsaMbaMdhita varNana-vizleSaNa. uparAMta juo raseza jamInadAra, dha sTeTa oNva jaina pheitha ina gujarAta aMDara dha vaeNsTarna kSatrapsa : ena varavyu aprejhala', jaoi., pustaka 49, 1999, pRSTha 75thI 84. 4.. prabhAvaparita, gujarAtI AvRtti, pRSTha 63. mULagraMthamAM zloka 247thI 306. 41ane vividhatIrthava,kalpa naMbara 10 ane 1, 6, 10 anukrame. 2 A badhA jainAcAryo kAje juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdara, 44ane45. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa aDhAra. 46. ekkasaha chattIse vikkama rAyasya maraNapattassa 293 saraDhavanadIpa ko sevaDo saMdho (varzanasAra, zloka 11). chabbasa saehi nauttarehi taiya siddhigayasya vIrassa / kambaliyAnaM dikki valahi purie samuppannA // (jinezvarasUri, pramAtajJaLamAMnI gAthA) uparAMta devasenasUri, bhAvasaMgrahamAMnI kathA, zloka 52thI 75. 47. sAMkaLiyA, Agu, pRSTha 47. 48. boriyA-IMTavAnI vigato vAste juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa ogaNIsa, 49. A badhI guphAonI mAhitI mATe juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa aDhAra. 50. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa ogaNIsa. uparAMta evezana eTa devanI morI, pRSTha 141thI. 51. juo A graMthamAM prakaraNa paMdara. 52. ei., pustaka 16, pRSTha 24-25. 53. jainadharmamAM koI paNa samaye A zabdo prayojAtA na hatA evuM puNyavijayajInI sAthenI maukhika carcAmAM A lekhakane 1966mAM jANavA maLeluM. 54. A leikhomAM RRSabhadreva zabdano ullekha che. tethI te jainadharmanA leikho hovAnI aTakaLa thaI che (ka. bhA. dave, gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna, pRSTha 111). paraMtu A nAma ahIM samakAlIna evI koI sAmAnya vyaktinuM hovAnuM sUcana jaNAya che. vRSabha zabda zaiva saMpradAya sAtheya saMlagnita hoI tene zaivapaMthanA STilekho kahI zakIzuM ? 55. anukSatrapakAla (maitrakakALa) daramyAna gujarAtamAM bauddhadharmanA lagabhaga tera vihAra hovAnI hakIkata dAnazAsanomAM che. yuAna zuAMga to A samaye gujarAtamAM seMkaDo vihAra hovAnuM noMdhe che (maigu., pRSTha 395thI 404). eTale maitrakakAla daramyAnanI bauddhadharmanI Abhyudayika sthiti uparathI paNa kahI zakAya ke prAmaitrakakAla (kSatrapakAla)mAM paNa gujarAtamAM bauddhadharmano sAro pracAra hato. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra lalitakalA-1: zailotkIrNa sthApatya bhUmikA ApaNA dezanA pUrvakAlIna sAhityamAM cosaTha kaLAno nirdeza che. AmAM gIta, vAdya, nRtya, sthApatya, zilpa ane citranI kaLAo vizeSa mahattvanI gaNAya che. avazeSonI dRSTie sthApatya-zilpa-citranI mAhitI savizeSa hAthavagI thAya che. kalAne eTale ke lalitakalAne dharmanI anugAmInI darzAvAI che. ApaNuM rASTra pUrvakAlInatama samayathI dharmAvalambI che. ApaNI sAMskRtika paraMparAmAM mAnavajIvana dharmanA jIvaMta AvirbhAva samAna gaNAvAyuM che. AthI, jyAM dharmanuM AgavuM ane dhyAnArNa sthAna che, tyAM sthApatya-zilpa-citranA AvirbhAva pUratA pramANamAM jovA prApta thAya che. ApaNI to e anubhUta lAgaNI che ke dharmanuM avalaMbana mAnavIne vikAsanA patha upara gatimAna thavAmAM khasUsa sahAyabhUta thAya che. A kAraNe prastuta tri-kalAno prAdUrbhAva mAnavasaMskRtinA prAraMbha sAthe thayo hovAno ApaNo avazeSothI prApta sAmagrIthI anubhava che. sthApatyamAM zailotkIrNa namUnAo sAmAnyataH dhArmika hoya che, jyAre imAratI sthApatya dhArmika ane laukika ema ubhaya prakAranuM hoya che. zailotkIrNa ane IMTerI sthApatya dIrghakALa sudhI sacavAtAM hoya che. zilpa ane citra prAraMbhathI ja vAstukaLA sAthe saMlagnita rahe che, tema tethI bhinna rIte nirmANa paNa thatAM rahe che. saMsAramAM mUrtinA pratIka jeTaluM zaktizALI pratIka anya koI pratIkanuM nathI. ane tethI ApaNe abhizita chIe ke ApaNA dezanI sAMskRtika paraMparAmAM mUrtipUjAnI prathA-paraMparA pUrvakAlIna ane dIrghakAlIna che. dharma ane kalA sAthe mUrtino avinAbhAvi saMbaMdha rahyo che. ApaNA dezamAM brAhmaNa ane zramaNa paraMparA dharmanAM be noMdhapAtra pAsAM che. aneka saMpradAyonA svarUpe A baMne pAsAM lokapriya che. A baMne pravAha prerita saMkhyAtIta dharma-saMpradAya saMlagnita aneka devI-devatA che je enA dharmAnuyAyIo mAraphate zraddhA ane bhaktibhAvathI pUjAya che. ApaNAM gAmo ane nagaromAM sthita pUjAsthAnomAM prasthApita athavA gAma ane nagaranA najIkanA koI nirjana sthaLe devI-devatAonI saMkhyAbaMdha mUrtio veravikhera paDelI jovI prApta thAya che. maMdiranAM dvAra rAte baMdha rahetAM hoI emAMnI mUrtio surakSita rahe che. paraMtu nirjana sthaLomAMnI mUrtio nitAMta asurakSita hoya che. uparAMta ApaNAM saMgrahAlayomAM paNa devIdevatAnAM zilpanA akhUTa bhaMDAra bharelA hoya che ane emAMnA ghaNA pradarzita paNa hoya che. paraMtu ApaNA sAmAnyajanamAMthI ghaNAne veravikhera asurakSita mUrtio kayAM devIdevatAnI che ane enAM dArzanika lakSaNo kyAM che; eTaluM ja nahIM saMgrahAlayonI mulAkAte jatA darzakomAMthI paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra moTAbhAganA loko janasAmAnya hoya che ane tethI temane devIdevatAnAM nAma aparicita hoya che. AthI e badhAMnI parakha-oLakha hovI joIe. 295 prastuta bhUmikA A ane have pachInAM be prakaraNa vAste ahIM prastuta karI che. ApaNA avalokana heThaLanA kAlakhaMDanI lalitakalAnA abhijJAna mATe sAhityika graMtho upalabdha nathI. paraMtu sthaLatapAsa ane utkhananathI prApta avazeSone AdhAre kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanI lalitakalA bAbate keTalIka mAhitI meLavI zakAya che. zailotkIrNa guphA-sthApatya A samayanA gujarAtamAMthI zailotkIrNa guphAsthApatyanA ThIka pramANamAM avazeSa hAtha lAgyA che. A badhAM guphAsthApatya dhArmika che. jUnAgaDha, DhAMka, taLAjA, sANA vagere AnAM mukhya kendra che. A prakAranAM sthApatyamAM sAmAnyataH caityagRha ane vihAra svarUpe kaMDArelI guphAono samAveza thAya che. ahIM ApaNe temano zakyataH kAlAnukrame paricaya meLavIzuM. bAvA-khArAnI guphA hAlanA jUnAgaDha nagaranI pUrvamAM, nagaranI vastInA chevADe ane koTanI vacce guphAono eka moTo samUha che. A guphAonI najIkamAM AvelA vartamAnanA 'bAvA-pyArAnA maTha' uparathI A zailagRhone, sagavaDa khAtara ane purAvastukIya zodhakhoLa paraMparA mujaba, ApaNe maThanA nAma uparathI te nAme oLakhAvIzuM. A guphAsamUhano ullekha sAtamI sadImAM gujarAtamAM AvelA cInIyAtrI yuAna svAMganI pravAsanoMdhamAM che H suratamAM pacAseka saMghArAma che ane temAM traNa hajAra bhikSuo rahe che, je badhA mahAyAna ane sthavira nikAyanA che. ujjayanta parvatanA zikhara upara eka saMghArAma che. vagere1. A saMghArAma kayo haze te jANI zakAyuM nathI. giranAra parvata upara hAla koI bauddha vihAra nathI. bAvA-pyArAnI guphAo vartamAne ekabIjAne aDoaDa evI traNa paMktimAM ane parasparane kATakhUNe joDatI patharAyelI che. (juo Alekha-5, bAvApyArAnI guphAnuM talamAna). A guphAsamUhamAMnI uttare AvelI pahelI paMkti pazcima-pUrva ADI patharAyelI che. te dakSiNAbhimukha che. hAranI AgaLa khUllo coka che. A hAramAM nAnImoTI cAra guphA che. A hA2nA pazcima cheDA tarapha 81 4 5 mITaranI eka moTI oraDI che. (Alekha 5, saMjJA F) tenI vacce chAparAnA TekA kAje be asala thAMbhalA mojUda che, je pUrva-pazcima haroLamAM che. temanI pazcime eka trIjo staMbha che je punarnirmita che. guphAnI laMbAIpahoLAI avaloktAM sUcavI zakAya ke A jagyAe asalamAM trIjo staMbha hovo joIe. guphAno AgaLano thoDo bhAga nAza pAmelo che. enA pravezabhAga AgaLa, mukhyataH corasa paNa jenA daMDano upalo thoDo bhAga aSTakoNa che evA, traNa staMbha che. AmAMnA jamaNI taraphanA be staMbhanI uparanA bhAge ardhavartuLAkAra prakAranI eka sAdA caityavAtAyana jevI AkRti che. tenA nIcenA be cheDAne eka ADI paTTI vaDe For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta joDelA che. A guphAnI pazcime be corasa staMbha ane be ardhastaMbhathI vibhAjita karelo oraDo che. (Alekha 5, saMkhyA 3). guphAnI pAchaLanA bhAge pachIte uttaramAM traNa nAnI oraDI che (saMjJA ja). moTI guphAnI pUrvamAM traNa nAnI guphA che (saMjJA gha). pratyekanA pravezabhAgamAM babbe corasa staMbha che. AmAMnI DAbI bAjunI pahelI guphAnA be staMbhanA daMDamAMno upalo thoDo bhAga, moTI guphAnA corasa evA traNa staMbhanI jema, aSTakoNa che. A darekane joDatI uttaramAM ekeka oraDI 330 X 285 senTImITaranI che. (saMjJA va). zailagRhonI bIjI hAra, pahelI hAranA pUrva cheDethI, uttara-dakSiNa ADI patharAyelI che. te pUrvAbhimukha che. A guphAsamUha, pahelI guphAo karatAM, nIcANamAM AvelI hovAthI temAM utaravA vAste pagathiyAM che. A bIjI hAramAMnI guphAonI AgaLanA bhAgamAM Azare 16 mITara lAMbo khullo coka che. (saMjJA che). cokanI madhyamAM corasa staMbhanI kuMbhIno bhAga avaziSTa hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che, paNa vartamAne AvI koI nizAnI mojuda nathI. A hAramAM guphAo cokanI traNeya bAjue patharAyelI che. cokanI pazcime eka moTI pUrvAbhimukha guphA che, jemAM corasa cha staMbha ane be ardhastaMbhayukta Azare 12 X 25 mITarano eka aliMda che. (saMjJA Ta). corasa cha staMbhanA daMDamAMno upalo thoDo bhAga aSTakoNa che'. dareka staMbhane chAghanA TekArUpa siMhAkRti che ane ardhastaMbhanA chAghanA TekArUpa dIvAla upara ekeka pAMkhavALA siMhanI AchI upasAvelI AkRtI korelI che ema barjesa noMdhe che. aliMdanA gRhamukhanA ke mahoronA (facade) bhAga upara sAdA caityavAtAyananAM alaMkaraNo zobhI rahyAM che. aliMdanI madhyamAM eka caityagRha che (saMjJA thaI. enuM chAparuM sapATa che. emAM stUpa hovA vizenAM koI cihna nathI. caityagRhanA pazcima cheDe ardhavartuLAkAra pachIta (apsidal end) che. enI madhyamAM atyAre punarnirmita evA corasa cAra staMbha che. barjesa noMdhe che tema ahIM asalamAM cAra staMbha hovAnuM AthI sUcita thAya che. caityagRha 6 mITara pahoLuM, 8 mITara UMDuM ane doDha mITaranA pravezadvAra yukta che. aliMdAnA baMne cheDe pazcimamAM tathA caityagRhanI uttara-dakSiNe joDatI ekeka oraDI che, je pratyekanuM mApa rAA x 3 mITara che. (saMjJA :). khullA cokanI uttare ane moTI guphAnA uttara cheDe thoDIka UMcAI upara eka bIjo nAno guphAsamUha Avelo che, je dakSiNAbhimukha che (saMjJA Dha). A guphAsamUha UMcAI upara hovAthI guphAmAM pravezavA vAstu asalamAM pagathiyAM hovAnAM nizAna avizaSTa che, paraMtu vartamAne te ghasAI gayelAM hovAthI mAtra DhoLAva jevo AkAra dhAraNa karelo jaNAya che. A guphAne 6 X 2 mITarano eka aliMda che, je eka pravezadvAra ane be vAtAyanathI rakSAyelo che. aliMdanI uttare tene joDatI 3 mITara samacorasanI be oraDI che (saMjJA :). A oraDInI hada sudhI paththaranI khINanuM khodANa laMbAvAyeluM che. khullA cokanI pUrvamAM uttara-dakSiNa patharAyelI pazcimAbhimukha nAnI be guphA che (saMjJA ta, 7 ane 2). pratyekane corasa be staMbhayukta aliMda che ane tenI pUrvamAM tene joDatI ekeka orI che. (saMjJA 3, 4 ane dha). A oraDIo ahIM khAsa ullekhanIya che. barjesanA jaNAvyAnusAra A oraDIomAMthI eka oraDInA AgaLanA bhAgamAM khodakAma karatAM lagabhaga For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 297 60 se.mI. samacorasa kadano ane 24 se.mI. jADAIno kSatrapano eka zilAlekha hAtha lAgyo hato. paraMtu A zilAlekha narama prakAranA retiyA paththaranI jAtano hoI emAMnA ghaNA akSaro avAcya thayA che. khodakAmane kAraNe paNa eno eka bhAga tUTI gayo che. A lekhanI chellI paMktimAMnA chevanIjJAna saMprAsAnAM nitanarI-2UInam zabdo A guphAsamUhanA saMdarbhamAM ullekhanIya che. AthI, A guphAone jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM sUcita thAya che. khullA cokanA dakSiNa cheDe bahAranI bAjue bIjI eka guphA AvelI che. A guphA paNa nIcANamAM hovAthI utaravA kAje pagathiyAM che. A guphA pUrvAbhimukha che. ane AgaLanA bhAge khullo coka che (saMjJA ). cokamAM javA eka pravezamArga che. (saMjJA . pravezamArganI baMne bAjU upara ekeka vAlamukha che, je siMhavyAla hovAnuM dekhAya che. A guphAne be staMbhayukta eka aliMda che. (saMjJA F). ene joDatI be nAnI oraDIo che, je pratyeka Azare traNa mITara samacorasa mApanI che (saMjJA va). AmAMnI DAbI bAjUnI oraDInA pravezadvAra (bArasAkha) upara keTalIka bhaumitika AkRti kaMDArelI jovI prApta thAya che14. jyAre jamaNI taraphanI oraDInA dvArazAkha upara agiyAra jeTalAM mAMgalika pratIka kotarelAM che5, jemAM svastika, bhadrAsana, mInayugala, pUrNaghaTa, jhArI, darpaNa jevAM keTalAMka pratIka oLakhAya che. barjesa svastika sivAyanAM anya cihna bauddhadharmI hovAnuM sUcave che", to sAMkaLiyA tene jainadharmanAM gaNe che. jainadharmamAM aSTamaMgala pratIka jANItAM che : svastika, zrIvatsa, kuMbha, padmAsana, naMdiyAvarta, vardhamAna, matsyayugala ane darpaNa . paraMtu ahIM to 11 pratIka kaMDArelAM che19. svastika to pratyeka dharmamAM mAMgalika cihna tarIke jovuM prApta thAya che. AthI, sAMkaLiyA kahe che tema A pratIko jainadharmanAM hovAnuM nizcita thatuM nathI. A guphAnI dakSiNe bIjI eka pUrvAbhimukha guphA che. (saMjJA 5,ma). enI AgaLa khullo coka che (saMjJA maLe. A guphA nIcANamAM hovAthI temAM javA kAje pagathiyAM che. A guphAne aliMda nathI e khAsa noMdhavuM joIe. khullA cokane aDIne pazcimamAM nAnI oraDI che (saMjJA ma), jenI dvArazAkha upara sAdA caityavAtAyananI eka AkRti che. | guphAsamUhanI trIjI hAra, bIjI hAranA dakSiNa cheDethI, pazcima tarapha ADI laMbAyelI che ane uttara tarapha vaLelI che. A hAra dakSiNAbhimukha che. zailanA dakSiNa taraphanA DhoLAvanA pariNAme enuM chAparuM pahelI hAranA bhoMyataLiyA nIce che. ahIM kula pAMca guphA che. jamaNI taraphanI pahelI guphAno aliMda eka pravezamArga ane be vAtAyanathI rakSAyelo che (saMjJA ). alidane joDatI uttaramAM AvelI oraDI 3 X 3 mITaranI che. bIjI guphAno aliMda 5 X 3 mITarano che (saMjJA 2). enI uttare eka moTo oraDo 43 4 5 mITaranA kadano che (saMjJA 7). enA praveza mArganI DAbI bAjue eka vAtAyana che ane pravezamArganI bArazAkha uparanI AkRtio naSTaprAya sthitimAM hoI tene oLakhAvI muzkela che. A moTA oraDAnI madhyamAM chAparAno Teko Apato goLa staMbha che (saMjJA ta). enI besaNIno AkAra kahI zakAya tema nathI. eno zIrSa traNa bhAgamAM vibhAjita che, jeno vacalo bhAga pUrNaghaTayukta che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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298 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta A hAramAMnI zeSa traNa guphAo ekadama sAdI che (saMjJA , za, 5). pratyeka ekeka aliMda, corasa be staMbha, ekeka vAra ane babbe vAtAyanathI rakSAyelI che. A traNamAMnI vaccenI guphAne eka oraDI che (saMjJA sa) ane zeSa baMnene baLe che (saMjJA ane jJa). vaccenI guphAnI oraDInA (saMjJA sa) otaraMga upara pAMca pratIka kaMDArelAM najare paDe che, jemAM DAbethI anukrame darpaNa (?), mInayugala, pUrNaghaTa, mInayugala ane darpaNa (?)no samAveza thAya che. A pratIko paratve A graMthalekhakanuM sahu prathama dhyAna gayuM che; kema ke barjesa ane sAMkaLiyA ubhayamAMthI koIe A vize ullekha karyo nathI. guphAsamUha kayA dharmano : A guphAo kyA dharmanA bhikSuo kAje korAI haze e kahevuM muzkela che. A guphA samUhomAMnI bIjI hAramAM AvelI Ta saMjJika guphAmAM eka caityagRha che. eno pachItano bhAga ardhavartuLAkAra jevo dekhAya che. asalamAM emAM stUpa hovAno saMbhava sUcavAyo che. AthI, A guphAsamUho bauddhadharmI hovAnI saMbhAvanA vyakta thaI che. barjesa A ja hAramAMnI eka guphAnA otaraMganAM pratIka bauddha hovAnuM sUcave che. teo vadhumAM ema paNa kahe che ke A guphAsamUho IsvIsananI bIjI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM surASTra vistAranA kSatrapa rAjAoe kadAca jaina sAdhuo vAste kotarAvyA hoya ane pachIthI bauddha bhIkSuonAM nivAsa banyAM hoya. yuAna zvAMga paNa A guphAo bauddha hovAnuM vyakta kare che 5. sAMkaLiyA uparyukta pratIkone jainadharmI hovAno abhiprAya vyakta kare che. A haroLamAM pUrvataraphanI be guphAomAMnI ekamAMthI upalabdha kSatrapa zilAlekhamAM vastrajJAna zabdo dhyAnArya che. A zabdo jainadharmanA sUcaka che ane sarvocca jJAnanA anubhavI evA jaina siddho ke tIrthakaro vAstu prayojAyelA che. A guphAnAM uparyukta pratIko ane mathurAnA jainastUpanA AyAgapaTTa uparanAM pratIko vacce sAmya hovAnuM maMtavya sAMkaLiyAnuM che". ujjayaMta e neminAthanuM tIrthadhAma hoI tenI najIkamAM jaina sAdhuo mATe guphAo kaMDArAI hovAthI kalpanA thaI che. paraMtu A guphAsamUho spaSTataH jainadharmI che ema svIkAravuM A lekhakane yogya jaNAtuM nathI. zilAlekha jainadharmI hovA chatAMya e A ja guphAsamUhano che ema sAbita thatuM nathI; kema ke te koI divAlamAM jaDelo nathI. kahevAtAM jaina pratIka AThane sthAne agiyAra che. temAMya naMdyAvarta ane vardhamAna jevAM jainadharmasUcaka viziSTa pratIkano ahIM abhAva che. svastika, bhadrAsana, zrIvatsa jevAM pratIka anya dharmamAM paNa jovAM prApta thAya che. tethI te pratIkone AdhAre A guphAsamUha jaina hovAnuM kahevuM suyogya jaNAtuM nathI. sAmAnyataH jaina sAdhuonI vasAhatomAM pUjAarcanA mATe tIrthaMkaranI pratimA hovI joIe. bihAramAM paTaNA najIka lohAnIpuramAMnuM jaina maMdira sauthI pUrvakAlIna gaNAya che, jayAMthI maurya samayanI kArIgIrInAM lakSaNo darzAvatI be jinapratimA prApta thaI che. bAvA-pyArAmAM jinapratimAno abhAva sUcaka hoI ene jainadharmI kahevAnuM anumAna svIkArya jaNAtuM nathI. DhAMkanI guphAmAMthI jinapratimAo prApta thaI che e dhyAnArha che. khAsa to zilAlekha narama retiyA paththarano che jyAre guphAsamUha khaDaka prakArano che. uparyukta pRthakRta vizleSaNathI kahI zakAya ke bAvApyArAnI guphAone jainadharmI kahI zakAya nahIM. For Personal & Private Use Only

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299 guphAsamUhano samayanirNaya : sthApatyanA saMdarbhe to A guphAonuM samayAMkana karavuM kharekhara muzkela che. jo ahIMthI IMTerI bAMdhakAmanA avazeSo upalabdha thayA hota to kadAca samayanirNayanuM kArya sa2La rahyuM hota. paraMtu A to zailakhaMDamAMthI kaMDArelI guphAo che tethI teno samaya nizcita karavo muzkela che. eTale A sthApatya sAthe saMlagnita kotaraNI ke zilpa ke anya upalabdha avazeSonA pariprekSyamAM samayano saMdarbha vicAravo rahyo. prakaraNa aDhAra barjese A guphAonA samaya bAbate koI spaSTa abhiprAya darzAvyo nathI. sAMkaLiyA A guphAsamUhano samayapaTa pAMcamI sadI jeTalo vistRta hovAnuM sUcana kare che. temanA mate caityagRha ane analaMkRta oraDIo Azare IsvIpUrva 200nI AsapAsanI tathA jainadharmI pratIka ane vikasita staMbhoyukta guphAo Azare IsvI 200-300 daramyAnanI hovA saMbhave. sAMkaLiyA pachIthI khAsa karIne koIe A guphAonA samayAMkanano prazna carco hovAnuM jANamAM nathI". AthI sAMkaLiyAe A vAste AMkelo vistRta samayapaTa maryAdita karavo rahyo. emaNe saMjJA ta vALA oraDAmAM pUrNaghaTa zIrSavALA staMbhanuM nAsikamAMnA nahapAnanA vihAra sAthe sAmya hovAnuM barjesanA^ AdhAre sUcavyuM che. AthI to spaSTa che ke A guphAsamUha IsunI pahelI sadInA AraMbhe nirmANa pAmyo hoya. vaLI sAMkaLiyA K saMkSita guphAmAMnA staMbha ane ardhastaMbhane rAmezvara-IlorAnI guphAo tathA bhArahUtanA staMbhanA zIrSa sAthe sarakhAve che. tadanusAra A guphAsamUha IsvInI pahelI-bIjI sadInI hovAnuM sUcavAya che. A guphAsamUhamAMnI bIjI hAramAM eka sAduM caityagRha che. tenuM chAgha sapATa che (saMjJA tha). caityagRhanAM chAparAM IsvIsananI zarUAtamAM sapATa hatAM ane te pachI te ardhanaLAkAra rUpa dhAraNa kare che. AthI A guphAo IsvIsananA AraMbhanI be eka sadI daramyAnanI hovAnI zakyatA sUcavAya che. bIjI haroLamAMnI pUrva taraphanI be guphAmAMnI (Alekha 5, saMjJA ta) ekanA AgaLanA bhAgamAMthI barjesane eka zilAlekha hAtha lAgyo hato. A lekhamAMnA ghaNA akSaro vAcanakSama nathI. je thoDAka ukelI zakAya che te uparathI evuM sUcavAya che ke A zilAlekha cASTananA prapautra ane jayadAmAnA pautrano che, je rudrasiMha 1lo hovA saMbhave che te bAbata ApaNe agAu noMdhI che (juo pAdanoMdha 12). A rAjAnA mahAkSatrapapadanA sikkA varSa 103thI prApta thayA che. enA pAMca zilAlekhoya upalabdha thayA che (juo pariziSTa paheluM). A guphAnAM samayAMkana kAje eka mahattvanA purAvA tarapha saMbhavataH koI adhyetAnuM dhyAna AkRSTa thayuM nathI. A purAvo che saMjJA 6 nAmanI guphAnA pravezamArganI baMne bAjue AvelAM be vyAlamukha4. A vyAlamukha spaSTataH kSatrapakAlIna che ane te IsvIsananI bIjI-trIjI sadInA hovAnI saMbhAvanA che". atyAra sudhInA vizleSita pRthakkaraNanA AdhAre sUcavI zakAya ke bAvApyArAno guphAsamUha IsvIsananI bIjI ke trIjI sadI daramyAna kaMDArAyo hovo joIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta uparakoTanI guphAo jUnAgaDha nagaranA uparakoTa vistAramAM AvelI guphAo sthaLavizeSanA nAma uparathI 'uparakoTanI guphA' tarIke oLakhAya che. A graMthalekhake 1962-63mAM A guphAonI pratyakSa mulAkAta be vakhata kSetrakArya daramyAna lIdhI hatI ane tyAMnA surakSita avazaSonI kALajIpUrvaka cokasAIpUrNa noMdha lIdhI hatI, je AdhAre A varNana karyuM che. upalo majalo : A guphAo be jamalAnI eka zailagaharUpe kaMDArAyelI che, uparakoTa sthaLanI prastuta guphA najIkanI sapATa jamIna tarapha rahelAM pagathiyAM utarI puna: jamaNI tarapha vaLatAM A zailagRhanA pahelA athavA upalA majale pahoMcI zakAya che. (mAlekha che, talamAna, upalo majalo). A majalamAM eka khullo kuMDa che (prastuta Alekha, saMjJA che), jene barjesa snAnAgAra hovAnI saMbhAvanA abhivyakta karI che. A kuMDa traNa mITara samacorasa che?'. huMDamAM utaravA kAje, tenI pazcima taraphanI dIvAlamAM uttara-dakSiNa (ubhaya tarapha jatAM pAMca pAMca pagathiyAM che. A kuMDa Azare doDha mITara UMDo che. kuMDane pharatI trIsa senTI mITara pahoLAInI pALa che. najIkamAM AvelI osarI lagabhaga eka mITara UMcAI upara che. kuMDanI traNa bAjue chAparAyukta baMdha osarI che ane uttaramAM moTI dIvAla che, jemAM eka bAkoruM che (saMjJA no , jyAM asalamAM vAtAyana hovAnI saMbhAvanA barjesa karI che. pazcima taraphanI osarImAM eka oTalI jevuM che (saMjJA va), barjesa ene snAna karatI vakhate kapaDAM mUkavAnuM sthAna hovAnuM sUcave che. uttara taraphanI dIvAlamAMthI pANInI eka nIka dakSiNa tarapha A oTalInI Aga' thaI pasAra thAya che. ane olInI dakSiNe AvelI eka nAnI kuMDImAM pahoMce che. A nIka vATe pANI koI najIkanA kUvAmAMthI AvatuM hovAnI aTakaLa barjesa karI che; paraMtu 1958-59nI Rtu daramyAna bhAratIya purAvatuM sarvekSaNa saMsthAnA pazcima vartuLanA purAvikoe A guphAnA TocanA bhAganI saphAI karI 92thI 122 seMTImITara jeTaluM purANa dUra karyuM hatuM. tethI guphAnA A bhAganA asama dekhAvano hUbahU khyAla prApta thayo. A purA-rakSaNa-kAryathI, barjesa jenI aTakaLa karI che tema, zailamAM kaMDArelI yorasa kUvo zodhI zakAya che. A kUvo pazcima taraphanI osarInI bhItanI pazcime Avelo che. guphAnI Tocana je bhAga sApha thayo hato tyAM nAnI nAnI khullI nIko A graMthalekhake 1962-63mAM kArya daramyAna pratyakSe joI hatI. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke comAsAnuM pANI A nIko mAra phate nAnI TokIomAM thaI kUvAmAM jatuM haze ane e rIte kUvAmAM saMgRhIta varasAdanA pANIno anyathA yatha upayoga snAnAdi, vAste thatuM AvaraNayukta traNa osarIothI gherAyelA cokanI dakSiNa bAjunA (saMjJA g) be cheDA upara eka eka goLa staMbha che, jenI goLAI ramavA mITara jeTalI che. pratyeka staMbhanA samagra daMDa upara trAMsA paTTA utkIrNa karelA che. A be rataMbha uparanA paTTAonA trAsa ekamekathI UlaTI dizAmAM rAkhelA hoI e be bhAta jANe ke nIce jatAM ekamekanI nikaTa AvatI hoya ema dekhAya che, e baMne rataMbhanI sIdhI dizAmAM tarAnI dIvAlanI aMdara be adharanuMbha AvelA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra emanA daMDanA traNa traNa ADA bhAga pADelA che ane pratyeka bhAgamAM trAMsA paTTAnI bhAta kaMDArelI che. dareka bhAganA paTTAno trAMsa tenI pAsenA bhAganA trAMsathI UlaTI dizAno che. 309 staMbho ane ardhastaMbho uparanA trAMsAnuM tulanAtmaka nirIkSaNa karavAthI jaNAya che ke pazcima bAjunA staMbha parano trAMsa tathA te taraphanA ardhastaMbhanA vacalA bhAga uparano trAMsa eka sarakhI dizAno che. evI rIte pUrva dizAnA staMbha ane ardhastaMbhanA vacalA bhAga uparanA trAMsa paNa eka sarakho maroDa dharAve che. staMbhonI beThaka aSTakoNa che. tenA upara vela-pAnanI bhAta kotarelI che. enA zIrSa goLa che ane pazu-AkRtiothI vibhUSita che. AkRtio khUba ja ghasAI gayelI hovAthI pazunI oLakha meLavavI zakaya nathI". ardhastaMbhonI kuMbhI ane zikhara baMne aSTakoNa che. kuMDanI traNeya tarapha sthita AvaraNa yukta osarInA staMbha ane ardhastaMbhanI barobara vacce laMbayorasa evA traNa punarnirmita staMbha che, je pratyekanuM mApa 60 x 47 seMTImITaranuM che. traNa paikIno eka dakSiNa taraphanA staMbhonI vacce ane zeSa be dakSiNa taraphanA staMbho ane uttara taraphanA ardhastaMbhonI barobara vacce mukelA che. kuMDanI otarAtI dIvAlamAM sthita bAkorAmAM paNa laMbacorasa evo eka punarnirmita staMbha mUkelo che. kuMDanI pUrva taraphanI osarInI dIvAlanA uttara cheDe AvelA pravezamArgamAM (saMjJA 64) thaI bAjumAM AvelAM moTA khaMDanI dakSiNanI dIvAlanI pUrva cheDe AvelA bIjA pravezamArga (saMkSa 7) mAraphate eka moTA khaMDamAM pahoMcI zakAya che (saMjJA ), je 103 mITara lAMbo ane 8' mITara pahoLo che. A khaMDanI chatane cha thAMbhalAno Teko che, jemAM cAra corasa che ane be poNa che . paraMtu lokoe enuM asalI svarUpa jALavI rAkhavAnuM ucita gaNyuM nathI. enI kuMbhI ane zikharanA bhAga ghasAI gayA hovAthI kotarelI koI AkRtino khyAla pAmI zakAto nathI. A cAra thAMbhalAnI vacceno bhAga khullA che (saMjJA 6) je cotaraphanI AvaraNayukta osarIothI rakSita che. osarIomAMnI dakSiNanI dIvAlane bAda karatAM pUrva, uttara ane pazcimanI dIvAlomAM beThako kaMDAravAmAM AvelI che, jemAM pUrva ane pazcimamAM cAra cAra tathA uttaramAM be beThako thaI kula daza beThaka che. pUrvanI dIvAlamAMnI beThako ghasAIne DhoLAva rUpanI ane khADAkhADA yukta banI gaI che. te dIvAla uparanI paTTInI tamAma bhAta ghasAI gaI che. uttara ane pazcimanI dIvAlanI beThako paranI paTTIo catyavAtAyano ane cokaThA prakAranAM suzobhanayukta che. AvI cokaThAMna bhAta devanI morInA stUpamAMthI prApta thaI che. A khaMDanA IzAna khuNAmAM AvelA pravezamArgamAM thaI bAjumAM AvelI nAnI oraDImAM vAya che, je 3 X 21 mITara laMbAI-pahoLAInI che (saMjJA dha ane ). A oraDIna chatamAM dakSiNI bhItane aDIne pravezamArganI pUrve eka moTuM kANuM che, jenI AsapAsanI ta dhUmADAthI kALI thaI gayelI che. AthI, barjese sUcavyuM che ke A oraDIno upayoga prasaMgopAta rasoDA tarIke thato haze. A oraDInA pravezamArganI zelArazAkhamAM kASThanAM bAraNAMnA vaparAza sUcavatAM bAkorAM che. A oraDInA pazcima cheDAnI bAjumAM AvelA praveza mArgamAM thaI For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta nIcalA majalAmAM javA kAjenI sIDI upara pahoMcAya che. A pravezamArganI zailadvArazAkhamAMya kAThanAM bAraNAMnA vaparAzane sUcavatAM bAkorAM che. nIcalo majaloH A majalAmAM Azare 12 mITara lAMbo ane 9 mITara pahoLo eka moTo khaMDa Avelo che. (Alekha 7, saMjJA Ara). A khaMDanI uttaranI dIvAlamAM pUrva cheDe AvelA pravezamArgamAM (saMjJA )pa3 thaI khaMDamAM pravezatAM najIkamAM pUrvanI dIvAlane aDIne eka UMcI beThaka che (saMjJA va), je lagabhaga samacorasa che. enA pazcima cheDe be staMbha che, je beThakanA chAne Teko Ape che. A beThaka khaMDanA bhoMyataLiyAthI pa6 seMTImITara UMcI che, aseMTImITara UMDI che. beThaka aMdarathI 27 lAMbI ane 25 mITara pahoLI che54. enA upayoga vize barjese evI aTakaLa karI che ke rU athavA evA koI pocA padArthathI e khADo purI pathArI tarIke teno upayoga thato haze". evuM paNa saMbhavI zake ke vyAkhyAna-pIThikA tarIke eno vaparAza thato hoya. moTA khaMDanI pazcima taraphanI dIvAlane bAda karatAM zeSa dIvAlamAM pASANanI oTalIo korelI che. pUrvanI dIvAlane aDIne pravezamArga pAse eka ane beThakanI pelI pAra traNa oTalI AvelI che. beThakanA pUrva cheDA upara paNa eka oTalI kaMDArelI che, je AjubAjunI oTalI karatAM pramANamAM UMcI che. evI rIte dakSiNanI dIvAlane aDIne traNa ane uttaranI dIvAlane aDIne be oTalI kaMDArelI che. A badhI oTalI uparanI dIvAla upara chatathI thoDI nIcenA bhAge eka pahoLo paTTo upasAvelo che. AmAM sauthI upalA bhAge thoDe thoDe aMtare caityavAtAyananI bhAta upasAvelI che, jenI kula saMkhyA 19 che. enI nIce saMyukta corasa AkRtionI eka saLaMga paTTI korelI che, je upalI haroLa karatAM saheja ochI upasAvelI che. upalI haroLanAM caityavAtAyanonA vacalA bhAganI nIce ane corasonI saLaMga paTTIne aDIne thoDe thoDe aMtare caityavAtAyanonI eka bIjI haroLa kaMDArelI che:8; jenI kula saMkhyA paNa 19 che. A vAtAyanonI Toce corasonI paTTInI upara upasAvelI che. uttarI dIvAlanA pazcima cheDe upalI tema ja nIcalI haroLanAM babbe caityavAtAyanonA bloka upasAvI rAkhyA che paraMtu kotaraNI bAkI rahe che59. upara darzAvela saMkhyAmAM A cAra vAtAyanono samAveza thAya che. pratyeka vAtAyanamAMthI be mAnava-AkRti jANe bahAra jotI hoya ema emanAM kaTi sudhInAM zarIra kaMDArelAM che. AmAMnI DAbI bAjUnI ghaNI AkRtionA ura-pradeza khUba ghasAI gayelA hovAthI e AkRtio strInI haze ke puruSanI te kahevuM muzkela che. jamaNI taraphanI badhI AkRti strInI hovAnuM spaSTa che. paraMtu uttarIya dIvAla uparanAM caityavAtAyanomAMthI bemAMnI baMne AkRti spaSTataH strInI che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke anya vAtAyanomAM paNa baMne AkRti saMbhavataH strIonI hoya. A vAtAyanonA nIcenA baMne cheDAo vedikAthI joDAyelA che. A baMne cheDA bahAranI bAjUe vistarI suMdara suzobhanano khyAla darzAve che. vAtAyAnanI bahAra ane aMdaranA bhAganI pahoLI paTTI upara nAnI nAnI buTTIo che1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 303 khaMDanI vacce AvelA cAra staMbhanI vacceno bhAga khullo che. cAreya staMbha sarakhA che. te pratyeka traNa bhAgamAM vibhAjita che : kuMbhI, daMDa ane zIrSa. pratyeka staMbhanI kuMbhI samacorasa che ane utaratA tharanI suMdara ghATanI tathA patrAvallIothI suzobhita che. kuMbhInI cAreya bAjunA madhyamAM laMgoTIdhArI sazakta mAnavonI eka eka AkRti che. daMDano bhAga goLa che. zikharanA traNa bhAga che. daMDanI uparanA zikharanA bhAga upara ghaMTikAonI kotaraNI che. tenI uparanA bhAgamAM strIonI vividhabhaMgI AkRtio che, jemAMnI keTalIka saMpUrNa nirvastrI che, to keTalIka alpavastrAcchAdita che. strIonA paga AgaLa vAmana svarUpanI mAnavAkRtio dazyamAna che, je saMbhavataH puruSanI hoya. strI-AkRtionA uparanA tharamAM cAreya tarapha beThelA siMhanI ane vacce vacce sAme jotA siMhanI AkRtio che. vacce vacce laMgoTIyukta sazakta mAnavAkRtio che. ahIM cAra khUNA upara cAra siMha beThelA che, je darekane vacce vacce eka mukha ane be bAjue babbe zarIra che. siMha-paTTanI uparanI chatane sparzato bhAga kotaraNI vinAno che. khaMDanA pazcimottara bhAgamAM AvelA be staMbha (saMjJA ) paNa kotaraNI saMdarbhe cAra staMbhane lagabhaga maLatA Ave che. besaNI ane zIrSa uparanI kotaraNI tathA mAnavaprANInI AkRtio staMbhanA jevI ja che. zIrSanA bhAga paratve thoDoka pharaka che. cAreya staMbhamAM daMDane sparzatA zIrSanA nIcalA bhAga upara ghaTikAo kaMDArelI che, jyAre A be staMbhamAM e ja bhAga upara saMbhavataH gheTAMnAM mukhanI kRti kotarelI che. AthI, ghaNI jagyA rokAI che ane phalata zIrSano chatane aDato bhAga kotaraNI vinAno che. nIcalA majalAmAM pUrvamAM eka, uttaramAM be tathA dakSiNamAM eka ema kula cAra staMbha punarnirmita che ane laMbacorasa AkAranA che. pratyekanuM mApa 62 x 46 seMTImITara che. A khaMDanI dakSiNa-pazcima bAjumAM eka nAno khaMDa che (Alekha 7, saMjJA va). Ama to, uparanA majale AvelA khaMDa (saMjJA dha ane na)nA jevo ja che. paraMtu temAM koI kANuM nathI, chatAM te rasoDuM hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya tema che. A oraDInI uttare ane khaMDanI pazcimottara bAjumAM be laMbacorasa thAMbhalA ane evA be ardhastaMbhothI alaga karAyelI traNa pravezamArgayukta eka lAMbI parazALa che (saMjJA che). eno upayoga jANamAM nathI. enI madhyamAM eka punarnirmita laMbacorasa staMbha che (saMjJA ). dharmapratIkano abhAva : A guphAomAM koI dharmanAM pratIka jovAM prApta thatAM nathI. paraMtu bauddha dharmanAM cihnano abhAva darzAvI ane bAvApyArAnI guphAo jainadharmI hovAthI A guphAo paNa te dharmanI hoya evI aTakaLa sAMkaLiyAe karI che. teo evuM paNa kahyuM che ke ahIM zarUmAM bauddha sAdhuono vasavATa hoya, te pachI jaina sAdhuo vasyA hoya ane chevaTe punaH bauddha sAdhuo rahyA hoya. zakya che ke ubhaya dharmanA saMnyAsIoe ahIM vasavATa karyo hoya. paraMtu strIonI nirvastrI ane alpAcchAdita vastroyukta AkRtio, laMgoTIdhArI sazakta mAnavAkRtio, caityagavAkSomAMthI namIne bahAra joI rahelI mAnavAkRti vagere saMdarbhe sAMkaLiyAnI aTakaLane svIkAravI muzkela jaNAya che. barjesa A sthaLa pramodabhavana hovAnuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 >>pakAlIna gujarAta cave che. umAkAMta zAha barjesanA sUcanane AvakArI sakAraNa te pramodabhavana hovAnuM prasthApita kare che. dharmapratIkonA abhAve karIne A sUcana svIkArya jaNAya che. samayanirNaya : sthApatyanI sarakhAmaNIe, sthApatya sAthe saMlagnita zilpAkRtio A guphAonA samayAMkanamAM upakAraka banI rahe che. barjese A guphAonA samaya bAbate koI abhiprAya darzAvyo nathI. A guphAomAM sthita staMbhonA prakAra pADIne tenA upara kaMDArelI mAnava-prANI-AkRtione dhyAnamAM laI sAMkaLiyA eno samaya IsunI pahelI sAta sadI jeTalo vistRta AMke che. jayAre umAkAMta zAha prANIonI AkRti, strIonI AkRti, patrAvalI ane caityavAtAyanonI kotaraNI, staMbho uparanAM alaMkaraNo vageranA saMdarbhamAM A guphAo IravInI bIjI sadI daramyAna nirmANa pAmI hovAno abhiprAya vyakta kare che. bAvA-pyArAnA guphAsamUhamAMnI guphAomAM caityavAtAyano karatAM uparakoTanI guphAonAM caityavAtAyano vadhAre vikasita ane pragatizIla che. bAvApyArAnI guphAonAM caityavAtAyano sAdAM ane mAnavAkRtio vinAnAM che, enI paTTIo paNa alaMkaraNa vinAnI che. jyAre uparakoTanI guphAnAM caityavAtAyano suzobhananAM alaMkaraNothI yukta ane mAnavaprANIAkRtiothI suMdara dazya prastuta kare che. A caityavAtAyana vedikAthI yukta che, je bAvAyArAmAM nathI. A uparAMta bAvApyArAnI guphAo karatAM uparakoTanI guphAo saMkhyAmAM ochI ane vistAramAM nAnI che. A badhI bAbatonA saMdarbhe sUcita thAya che ke uparakoTanI guphAo bAvAyArAnI guphAo karatAM samayanA pariprekSyamAM anukAlIna jaNAya che. - uparakoTanAM caityavAtAyana gopanA maMdiranAM caityavAtAyana karatAM pUrvakAlIna che''. ahIM jovI prApta thatI mAnavAkRtio ane vedikAnuM alaMkaraNa gopamAM nathI. AthI, ulaTuM gopanAM caityavAtAyanamAM mAnavAkRtione sthAne devanI AkRtio che. ajantA ane ilorAmAM caityavAtAyanomAM paNa devAkRtio che, jayAre bhArahUta, sAMcI ane kaTakanAM caityavAtAyanamAM bahu thoDI mAnavAkRtio che. AthI, uparakoTanI guphAmAMnA caityavAtAyana bhArahUta-sAMcI (IsvIpUrva 1OO AsapAsa) pachInAM ane gopa karatAM pUrvakAlIna hovAnuM phalita thAya che. gopanAM maMdirano samaya sAMkaLiyA IsvInI pAMcamI sadIno mUke che. eTale uparakoTanI guphAo te pahelAMnI hovI joIe. - uparakoTanI guphAomAM nIcalA majale caityavAtAyanonI be hAra maLe saMyukta corasa AkRtionI eka saLaMga paTTI che. A prakAranAM alaMkaraNa devanI morI sUpamAMthI che. AthI, ubhaya samakAlIna hovA saMbhave. devanI morIno stUpa IsvInI cothI sadInA AsapAsanA che, eTale uparakoTanI guphAo kAM to te samayanI athavA thoDI vahelI hovAnuM maMtavya abhivyakta thaI zake. paraMtu staMbha-zI uparanI bAla-AkRtio to prAya: IsunI bIjI sadInI che te ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA (juo bAvApyArAnI vyAla AkRtio vize). AthI, uparakoTanI guphAo teTalI pUrvakAlIna hovAno saMbhava kharo. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 1958-59nA varSa daramyAnanA purArakSaNakAryathI guphAnA TocanA bhAgethI rudrasenanA sIsAnA sikkA tathA rAtAM cakacakti vAsaNonAM ThIMkarAM hAtha lAgyAM hatAM. A rudrasena saMbhavataH rudrasena trIjo hovAnuM jaNAya che kema ke enA sIsAnA sikkA maLyA che (juo prakaraNa tera). A rAjAnA mahAkSatrapapadanA varSa 270 (IsvI 348thI)thI 302 (IsvI 380) sudhInA sikkA maLe che. atyAra sudhInA pRthaSkRta vizleSaNathI sUcita thaI zake ke uparakoTanI guphAo IsunI bIjI sadInA uttarArdhathI cothI sadInA pUrvArdha sudhImAM nirmANa pAmI hovI joIe. khAparA-koDiyAnI guphA 304 jUnAgaDhamAM sthita A guphAonI pahelaprathama mulAkAta karnala ToDe lIdhI hovAnuM jaNAya che. paNa enuM vistRta varNana to sahu prathama barjese ApyuM che.. TaoNDanA samaye sthAnika loko A guphAone 'kheMgAra mahela' tarIke oLakhatA hatA. paraMtu asalamAM e guphAo moTI hovAnuM (ane mahela nahI hovAnuM) abhyAsAvalokanathI kahI zakAya. barjesanI mulAkAta samaye enI laMbAI Azare 75 mITara ane pahoLAI Azare 24 mITaranI hovAnuM noMdhAyuM che. paththaranA khANakhodakAryathI guphAone sAruM evuM nukasAna thayuM che. guphAnI pazcima taraphanA cheDe be (jemAMnI eka dakSiNAbhimukha ane bIjI uttarAbhimukha che) ane pUrva taraphanA cheDe be (jemAMnI eka uttarAbhimukha ane bIjI dakSiNAbhimukha che) ema kula cAra sIDI che. AthI, spaSTa thAya che ke guphAo eka karatAM vadhAre majalAyukta hovI joIe. paraMtu vartamAne A sIDIo sivAya majalo ke majalAnI koI nizAnI avaziSTa rahI nathI. A guphAonuM mukhya pravezadvAra kyAM haze te kahevuM muzkela che. guphAnI bhIMto atyaMta sAdI che. bahAranA staMbhonA chAgha upara vyAlamukho atyaMta ghasAI gayelI hAlatamAM che. sUkSma nirIkSaNathI sUcavAya che ke te meSa-vyAla-mukho che. A sivAya mAnava ke prANInI koI AkRti ahIM jovI prApta thatI nathI. guphAnA pazcima bhAgamAM eka khaMDa che. enI madhyamAM kuMDa che. enA cAreya khUNA upara ekeka staMbha che. A khaMDanI pUrva dizAmAM AvelI guphAmAM samacorasa evA cAra kuMDa che, je pratyekanA khUNA upara ekeka staMbha che. Ama kula 20 staMbha che. kuMDamAM utaravA vAste sopAnazreNI che. A guphAomAM ghaNI jagyAe zaMkhilapimAM akSaro kotarelA che. guphAonAM samayAMkana bAbate kazuM asaMdigdhapaNe kahevuM muzkela che. enI sAdAI, vyAlamukho, bAvApyArA jevA alaMkaraNa vinAnA staMbha ane uparanI koTanI jema kuMDanuM astitvaA saMdarbhe A guphAo IsunI AraMbhanI traNeka sadI daramyAna nirmANa pAmI hovAno saMbhava abhivyakta thaI zake4. taLAjAnAM zailagRha bhAvanagara jillAnA zetruMjI nadInA kAMThe sthita taLAjA gAmanI lagabhaga pazcima For Personal & Private Use Only

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306 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dizAe Avele 96 mITara UMcI TekarInI pazcimottara bAju upara zailotkIrNa evI trIsa guphAono samUha AvelI che. javALAmukhInI asaromAMthI udbhavelo A DuMgara che5. DuMgaranA IzAna khUNethI guphAsamUha zarU thaI dakSiNamAM pUro thAya che. AmAMnI keTalIka guphAne eka eka TAMkuM che, to keTalIkane baLe che, to vaLI keTalIkamAM ekeya TAMkuM nathI. badhAM maLI 20 TAMkAM che. badhI guphAo hAla jIrNAvasthAmAM che; kema ke pocA ane kharatA paththarane kAraNe moTAbhAganI guphAnI AvI hAlata che. badhI guphAno paththara eka sarakho nathI. vAyavyamAM AvelI "ebhala maMDapa' nAmanI guphA sakhata paththaranI hoI te sArI sthitimAM che. A guphAnuM nAma daMtakathA AdhArita che. yuAna zvAMga valabhInuM varNana karatAM e nagarathI thoDe aMtare AvelA eka mahAvihArano ullekha karyo che. A vihAra ahita acale karAvyo hato.... valabhI najIkanA DuMgarone lakSyamAM letAM A mahAvihAra valabhI najIka AvelA taLAjA-DuMgara uparanAM pUrvakAlIna zailagRho hovAnuM saMbhavita che. A guphAsamUhamAM sahuthI vizeSa surakSita ane zilpa-sthApatyanI dRSTie khUba ja utkRSTa evI be guphA che : ebhala maMDapa guphA ane caityagRha guphA. pahelI guphA Azare 30 mITara UMcAI upara che. te 22 mITara lAMbI ane 21 mITara pahoLI che. guphAnI UMcAI 5 thI 6 mITara jeTalI che; kema ke chata eka tarapha DhaLatI che. nivAsa mATenI oraDIo ahIM nathI e vizeSatA noMdhapAtra che. guphAnA vizALa khaMDanI AgaLa aSTakoNIya cAra staMbhanAM avaziSTa rahelAM jaNAya che. (A guphAmAMnA lagabhaga badhA ja staMbha paththaranA kaniSTha prakArane kAraNe nAza pAmyA che. A rIte, staMbhono eka sarakho abhAva Azcarya upajAve che. A dRSTie A guphAo virala gaNAya.) ebhala maMDapanA agrabhAganI dIvAla upara UMcAI upara moTAM caityavAtAyananI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. vAtAyanonA baMne cheDAne joDato vedikAnI pahoLI bhAtano paTTo kaMDArelo che. A caityavAtAyanonA AkAra asAdhAraNa ane bhinna che. te ardha aMDAkAra che ane aMdaranA bhAgamAM ardhavartuLAkAra kamAna kaMDArelI che. kamAnanI nIce eka laMbacorasa che ane enI baMne bAjue nAnI ardhavartuLa AkRti che. Ama, A traNa- be nAnAM ane eka moTuM- ardhavartuLathI tridalanI AkRti bane che. bAvApyArAnAM vAtAyana karatAM A vadhu vikasita dekhAya che. bIjI surakSita guphA "caityagRhathI oLakhAya che. caityagRhamAMno sUpa vaccethI khaMDita che ane Tocano bhAga nAza pAmyo che. stUpa ardhanaLAkAra pachItathI alaga che. bAvApyArAnA caityasamUha sAthe Ane sarakhAvI zakAya. caityavAtAyano ane stUpayukta caityagRha uparathI tathA yuAna zvAMge eno nirdeza karyo hovAthI tema ja valabhI bauddhavihAranuM kendra hovAnI hakIkata dhyAnamAM levAthI A guphAsamUha bauddhadharmI hovA saMbhave che. samayanirNaya : guphAonI jIrNAvasthA samayAMkanamAM bAdhAka nIvaDe che. paraMtu ebhala maMDapa nAmanI guphAnAM vAtAyana ane caityagRha samayanirNaya nirdhArita karavA kAje upakAraka bane che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra ardhavartuLAkAra pachItathI alaga stUpanI racanA ane caityavAtAyanonI vedikAnAM alaMkaraNone AdhAre sAMkaLiyA A guphAone IsvInA AraMbhamAM nirmANa pAmI hovAnuM sUcave che. caityagRhanI sAdIsIdhI racanA uparathI umAkAMta zAha emane IsunI pahelI sadImAM racAI hovAnuM mAne cheja. 309 yuAna svAMga 640mAM valabhI AvyA tyAre temaNe 'valabhIthI dUra nahIM tevI' guphAono ullekha karyo che. temAM sthiramati-guNamati nAmanA bauddha AcArya rahetA hatA evI noMdha paNa karelI che^. guphAmAMnA vAtAyana bAvApyArAnAM vAtAyanathI vadhu vikasita che. eTale A guphAo bAvApyArA pachInI hovAnuM sUcavAya che. uparakoTamAMnI guphAmAMnAM vAtAyAnamAM vedikAnAM alaMkaraNa che paNa ebhalamaMDapanAM alaMkaraNa karatAM enuM kada nAnuM che. uparakoTanAM vAtAyanamAM strI-AkRti che, je ahIM nathI. AthI, kahI zakAya ke taLAjA karatAM uparakoTanAM vAtAyana vikasita che. eTale taLAjAno guphAsamUha bAvApyArAnA guphAsamUha pachIno ane uparakoTanI guphAo pUrve nirmANa pAmyo hovo joIe. sthimati-guNamatino kArya-samaya (juo prakaraNa paMdara) dhyAnamAM letAM A guphAsamUha IsvInI trIjI sadImAM taiyAra thayo hovA saMbhave. sANAnI guphAo jUnAgaDha jillAnA unA gAma pAse rUpeNa nadInA pradezamAM AvelA sANAnA DuMgara upara madhapUDAnI jema 62 jeTalI guphA patharAyelI che. barjesanA jaNAvyAnusAra A guphAo paNa jUnAgaDha, taLAjA ane DhAMkanI guphAonI jema sAdI che. guphAomAMnI moTAbhAganI jIrNa avasthAmAM che. DuMgaranI Toca upara moTA kadanI IMToyukta pAyAnI racanAnA avazeSa prApta thAya che. DuMgaranI taLeTI pAse eka moTI guphA AvelI che, je paNa taLAjAnI guphAnI jema 'ebhalamaMDaLa'thI vikhyAta che". A guphAnuM mApa che : 21 mITara pahoLI, 18 mITara UMDI ane 5 mITara UMcI. AnI AgaLanA bhAge mULamAM cha staMbha AvelA haze. aMdaranA bhAgamAM koI staMbha hovAnuM zakya jaNAtuM nathI. A TekarI u52 36 mITara UMcAI upara eka bIjI guphA che, je 'bhImacorI'thI sukhyAta che. A guphAnA AgaLanA bhAge eka aliMda che : 11 mITara X 121 mITara. ahiMdanA chAghanA TekA mATe aSTakoNa evA cAra staMbha che. enA kuMbhI ane zIrSanA bhAga jalapAtra(loTA)nA AkAranA che. enAM phalaka ane ubhaNI mATe babbe corasa paTTA che. A prakAranA staMbha nAsika ane jUnnaranI guphAomAM saMkhyAbaMdha che. sAMkaLiyA A staMbhone nAsikamAMnI nahapAnanI guphAnA staMbha sAthe sarakhAve che. ahiMdanI cAreya bhIMtamAM uparakoTanI guphAonI jema UMcI oTalIo AvelI che. bhImacorInI bAjumAM eka sAduM caityagRha che, jenuM mApa 5 X 10 mITaranuM che. e 4 mITara UMcuM che. enuM chAgha sAduM che. pradakSiNApathano abhAva dhyAna kheMce che. caityagRhanI pachIta ardhavartuLAkAra che. emAM 21 mITarano vyAsa dharAvato sAdo ane alaMka2Na tathA suzobhana vinAno eka stUpa che, jenI Tocano bhAga nAza pAmyo che. ahiMdayukta oraDIo ahIM paNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta che, jenI bheMtomAM paNa UMcI oTalIo kaMDArelI che. uparAMta "ebhala maMDapa jevA oraDA ane nAnAM be caityagRha che. sAMkaLiyA A zailagRho jainadharmI hovAnuM sUcave che 1. umAkAMta zAha ene bauddhadharmI kahe che . paraMtu ubhayamAMthI ekeya dharmanAM pratIka ahIM nathI, chatAM caityagRhonA AdhAre bauddhadharmI hovAnuM saMbhave. A zailagRhono samaya barjesa ane sAMkaLiyA4 IsunA AraMbhano gaNe che. DuMgaranI Toca uparathI prApta thayelI moTA kadanI IMTo, sapATa chAparAvALuM caityagRha (bAvApyArAnA caityagRha jevuM), bhImacorInA vihAranA nAsikanI nahapAnanI guphA staMbha jevA staMbha vagaranA saMdarbhamAM A zailagRhono samaya IsunI bIjI sadIno hoI zake. DhAMkanI guphA rAjakoTa jillAnA upaleTA tAlukAnA DhAMka pAse DhaMka girithI khyAta eka DuMgara Avelo che. jaina sAhitya ane prabaMdhomAM A DuMgara vize ghaNA ullekha jovA prApta thAya che". A giri uparanI pratimAo barjesanA matAnusAra bauddha hovAnI zakyatA che", to sAMkaLiyA e pratimAone jaina hovAnI saMbhAvanA abhivyakta kare che 97, jaina vADmayamAM DhaMkagirino jainatIrtha tarIkeno nirdeza sAMkaLiyAnA matane samarthe che. DuMgaranI pazcima dhAre keTalIka guphAo che. khANa khodavAnI prakriyA che, ahIM sudhI vistarI che. AmAMnI prathama guphA, je uttara-pazcima ADI AvelI che, tenA pravezamArga bhAgye ja 1 mITara UMcAIno haze. guphAnI aMdarano bhAga bahAranI sapATIthI mAtra 6 seMTImITara jeTalo nIco che. A guphA 2.45 mITara UMDI ane ra mITara lAMbI che. pada seMTImITara samacorasa kadano ekeka gokhalo pratyeka dIvAlamAM kaMDArelo che. ahIMthI paNa ghaNI zilpakRtio prApta thaI che. (A zilpAvazeSonAM varNana vAte juo have pachInuM prakaraNa vIsa). samayanirNaya : ahIMthI upalabdha zilpakRtio A guphAnA samayAMkana sAru ghaNI upayogI banI rahe che. barjese A zilponuM samayAMkana darzAvyuM nathI. zilponAM AlekhananI zailInA AdhAre sAMkaLiyA A guphAonI samayAvadhi IsvI 300nI AsapAsanI nirdeza chela8. jUnAgaDhanAM bAvApyArA ane uparakoTanAM zailagRhomAM devadevIonI pratimA kaMDArelI nathI. jayAre DhAMkamAMthI ghaNI pratimA hAthavagI thaI che. AthI, spaSTataH A guphAo bAvApyArA ane uparakoTanI guphAo pachInI hovI joIe. devanI morInA mahAtUpamAMthI prApta bauddhamUrtionI AlekhanazailI karatAM DhAMkanI jainapratimAonI zailI utaratI koTInI che. eTale ke devanI morI karatAM DhaMkagirinAM zailagRho samayanI dRSTie vahelAM hovAM joIe. ATalI carcAthI sUcita thAya che ke A guphAo cothI sadInA pUrvArdhanI hovA saMbhave che. jhIMjhurIjharanI guphA DhAMkanI pazcime ATheka kilomITaranA aMtare siddhasara pAsenI jhIMjhurIjharanI khINamAM keTalIka bauddhaguphA AvelI che. AmAMnI eka guphAmAM aliMdayukta nAnI be oraDI sthita che jenAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 309 mApa 25 x 3 ane 25 x 3 mITara che. bIjI guphAne paNa nAnI be oraDI che, je anukrame 3 X 2 ane 2' X 3 mITaranuM mApa dharAve che. corasa pIThikA ane zIrSayukta aSTakoNa evA be staMbha che10. enI bAjumAM jUnI DhabanI pahoLI paTTInI eka vedikA che, je A guphAono eka mAtra alaMkaraNayukta namUno che. uparakoTa ane taLAjAnAM caityavAtAyanamAM A prakAranAM alaMkaraNa che. bIjI guphAnI uttare trIjI moTI guphA che. enI sAMkaDI osarImAM AgaLanA bhAgamAM corasa AkAranA cha staMbha hatA, jemAMthI pravezadvAranI jamaNI taraphanA traNa ane uttara taraphano eka ema cAra staMbha vartamAne astitva dharAve che"0". A guphAomAMthI eka zilAlekha maLyo che, jenI lipinA maroDa kSatrapakAlIna che102. lekha khaMDita che tethI te kayA rAjAno haze te kahevuM muzkela che. | guphAmAMnI vedikAnAM rUpAMkananA AdhAre sArkaLiyA Ano samaya IsunI pahelI-bIjI sadIno sUcave che. kSatrapalekhanI lipinA maroDa AnuM samarthana kare che. khaMbhAlIDAnI guphA rAjakoTa jillAnA goMDala pAse AvelA khaMbhAlIDA gAmethI IsvI 1959mAM pu.ke.paMDyAne keTalIka guphA hAtha lAgI hatI104. AmAMnI traNa guphA dhyAnArha che. traNamAMnI vaccenI guphAmAM stUpayukta caityagRha che. enA pravezamArganI ubhaya bAjue vRkSane Azraye ubhelA bodhistaMbhanI ekeka (eka tarapha padmapANi avalokitezvara ane bIjI bAju vajapANi) ane keTalAka upAsakonI moTI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. A badhI jIrNAvasthAmAM che. pu.pra.paMDyA Ano samaya IsvInI trIjI-cothI sadIno darzAve che. zilponI AlekhanazailI ane vastraparidhAna uparathI umAkAMta zAha eno samaya cothI sadIno jaNAve che10. jo ke caityakhaMDane dhyAnamAM levAthI guphAo bIjI-trIjI sadInuM hovAno saMbhava vyakta thaI zake. kaDiyA DuMgaranI guphA - bharUca jillAnA jhAjhapora sTezananI sAme 150 mITara UMcAIvALI eka parvatamALA che, jemAM kaDiyA nAmano DuMgara che. enA upara sAta guphA che. enI taLeTImAM eka-zilAnirmita eka siMhastaMbha prApta thayo che. sihastaMbhanI AsapAsa IMTerI sthApatyanA ATha-nava avazeSonI mAhitI che. gujarAtanA dakSiNa pradezamAMthI upalabdha kSatrapakAlIna A guphAo sahu prathama che. jo ke enAM saMpUrNa vigato, talamAna, citro vagere pUrepUrAM upalabdha nathI. DuMgara uparanI sahuthI UMcI evI eka guphAmAMthI bhIMta upara kotarelo lekha jovA maLe che, jenuM mApa che 1 mITara X 46 seMTImITara. lekha khUba ghasAI gayo che ane te ukelI zakAto nathI. A guphAnI DAbI dIvAla upara rekhAMkita evAM hAthI ane vAnaranAM zilpo che. varaMDAmAM ane aMdara pASANa beThakoyukta bauddhavihAro che. A guphAnA khaMDanI laMbAI 7, pahoLAI 2.19 ane UMcAI 2.65 mITaranI che. beThakonuM mApa che : 1.45 X 69 X 62 seMTImITara. be nAnA tathA be moTA staMbha ahIM che. varaMDo 46 seMTImITara samacorasa che. ahIM vedikAbhAta che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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310 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bIjI guphA ghaNI sAdI che. te 2.34mITara samacorasa che. varaMDo 4 X 2.34 mITarano che. guphAmAM javA sopAnazreNI che. varaMDAnI sapATa chatane TekavI rAkhatI dIvAlo AgaLa kapAta AkAranI kAnasa che. trIjI eka guphAno vartamAna samayamAM vaparAza thayo jaNAya che. pAMcamI guphA nIcI sapATI upara che. chaThThI guphA sAdI che. sAtamI guphA jIrNAvasthAmAM che. ahIMthI eka zivaliMga paNa prApta thayuM che. saMbhavataH anukAlamAM brAhmaNa sAdhuo ahIM rahyA hovA saMbhave. taLeTImAMno siMhastaMbha 3.81 mITara 015 UMco che. staMbha nIcethI upara jatAM pAtaLo thato jAya che. Toca upara be-zarIrayukta ane eka-mukhavALA siMhanI AkRti che. ahIMthI cAMdIno eka inDogrIka sikko hAtha lAgyo che je goLAkAra che ane te sikko minenTarano che. agrabhAgamAM rAjAnI mukhAkRti ane grIka akSaro che. pRSThabhAge koI grIka devanI AkRti che. sikkA uparanAM be kANAM saMbhavataH koIka prakAre vaparAzanuM sUcana kare che. guphAnI sAdAI, lekha, staMbhanA AkAra, vedikAnI bhAta, varaMDA, sihataMbha vagerenA AdhAre jayendra nANAvaTI A guphAone IsunI pahelI sadInI AsapAsanI hovAno saMbhava abhivyakta kare che17. pAdanoMdha 1. bIla, rikorDajha, pustaka 2, pRSTha 257-70; voTarsa, na yuAna cAMgsa TrAvelsa ina inDiyA, pustaka 2, pRSTha 239-50. 2. basa, ekAka., paTTa 16. 3. banne (ejana) ane sAMkaLiyAe (A) Ano ullekha karyo nathI. ' 4. basa, ejana, pRSTha 140, paTTa 17, saMjJA e. 5. ejana, paTTa 19. jo ke aSTakoNanI vIgata barjese noMdhI nathI. 6. ejana, pRSTha 139. prastuta AkRtio ghasAI gayelI hovAthI, A graMthalekhake jayAre 1962 ane - 1963mAM A guphAonI pratyakSa mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre oLakhavI muzkela banI hatI. 7. ejana, paTTa 19. 8. chAghanuM A sapATapaNuM enA nirmANanI pUrvakAlInatA sUcita kare che. bIjI-trIjI sadI daramyAna caityagRhonAM chAgha sapATa hatAM. te pachI ardhanaLAkAra svarUpa astitvamAM AvyAM. 9. barjesa, sAMkaLiyA vagere vidvAnoe A ullekha karyo nathI. 10. ekAka., pRSTha 139. 11. ejana, pRSTha 140. 12. juo pariziSTa eka, naMbara 20. A lekhamAM "kSatrapa jayadAmAnA pautra' evI noMdha che, paNa te pautranuM nAma avAcya che. jayadAmAnA be pautro-dAmajadazrI 1lo ane rudrasiMha 1lo-mAMthI koNa haze ? rAjakIya kArakirdInA saMdarbhe te radrasiMha 1lo hoI zake. to A lekha IsvIsana 180thI 197 vacce hovo joIe, je prastuta guphAnA samayAMkanamAM upakAraka banI rahe che. 13. barjesa, sAMkaLiyA vagere vidvAnoe A bAlamukhonI noMdha lIdhI nathI. A graMthalekhake A vize pahelaprathama dhyAna AkRSTa karyuM che. A siMhabAlamukho A guphAsamUhanA samayanirNayamAM upayogI banI rahe che. juo citra naMbara 13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 311 14. baksa, ekAka, paTTa 18, naMbara 2. varNana vAte juo prakaraNa 20. 15. ejana, paTTa 18, naMbara 3. 16. ejana, pRSTha 140. 17. Agu, pRSTha 48. 18. vividha pUjAsaMgraha, pRSTha 402. 19. A pratIka barjese ApelA phoTogrAphamAM (ekAka., paTTa 18) jeTalAM spaSTa ane dezya che teTalAM vartamAne (1962-63mAM) surekha nathI. ghaNAM pratIka ghasAI gayAM che. 20. juo barjasa, ekAkI, paTTa 18, naMbara 1. AkRtio atyAre atyaMta jhAMkhI thaI gaI che. 21. barjesa, sAMkaLiyA ItyAdi vidvAnoe AnI noMdha lIdhI nathI. A graMthalekhake pahelI vakhata tenI noMdha lIdhI che. 22. pratIko mATe juo citra naMbara 14. A pratIko eTalAM badhAM ghasAI gayA che, jethI tenA phoTogrApha sArA laI zakAyA nathI. 23. sAMkaLiyA A caityagRhane pazcima bhAratamAM sthita bhAjA, kArla, beDasA ke ajaMtA-nAsikanI bauddhaguphAo sAthe sarakhAve che (A), pRSTha 47). 24. ekAka., pRSTha 140-41. 25. juo pAdanoMdha naMbara 1. 26. Aga, pRSTha 48. 27. vizeSa carcA mATe juo raseza jamInadAra, "rIlekazansa oNna dha jaina kejha ina gujarAta', prasIDiMgsa oNva dha ola InDiyA seminAra na jaina ArTa enDa ArkiTekTara, 1973, pRSTha 75-80 (prakAzana 1975). 28. ilorAnI guphAo bauddha, jaina, hindu ema traNeya dharmanI che. tema ahIM paNa thoDIka guphAo bauddhonI ane thoDakI jainonI haze (umAkAMta zAha, gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 348-349). 29, sAMkaLiyAe saMjJAnirdeza vinA oraDIono ullekha karyo che. eTale ke temaNe nirdiSTa karelI oraDIo guphAMsamUhamAMnI kaI guphAnI che te spaSTa karyuM nathI. paNa jo A oraDIo caityagRha sAthe saMkaLAyelI hoya to to A graMthanA Alekha pamAM huM saMjJita oraDIo hovI joIe. 30. umAkAMta zAhe A guphAo vize eka lekhamAM ullekha karyo che ("gujarAtamAM bauddhadharma', svAdhyAya, pustaka 1, aMka 3, vaDodarA, 1963, pRSTha 281thI). temaNe A lekhamAM A guphAonA samaya vAste sAMkaLiyAno abhiprAya uddhata karyo che ane svayamunuM svataMtra maMtavya darzAvyuM nathI. te pachI A guphAo vize ATha-nava varSa pachI, pharIthI lakhatAM samayanirNayanI khAsa koI carcA karI nathI (gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 345-49, 1972) 31. dha keva Tempalsa oNva InDiyA, 1880, paTTa 23. 32. Aga, pRSTha 48-49. 33. ekAka., pRSTha 140. 34. juo citra naMbara 13. 1962-63mAM kSetrakArya daramyAna A graMthalekhake A guphAsamUhanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. A baMne bAlamukha eTalAM badhAM ghasAI gayAM che ke enA sArA phoTA prApta nathI ane sArA phoTA A graMthalekhaka paNa laI zakyA nathI. AnA varNana vAste juo prakaraNa vIsa. 35. juo saMdarbha mATe agAunI pAdanoMdha 27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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312 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 36. ekAka, pRSTha 142. 37. ejana, pRSTha 142. ane barjesanA AdhAre sAMkaLiyA A kuMDa Azare traNa mITarathI thoDo vadhAre samacorasa hovAnuM noMdhe che. kadAca barjesanuM mApa kuMDanI bahAranI sapATInuM hoya to te traNa mITara sATha seMTImITara thAya. hA, traNa mITaranuM mApa A lekhake svayam sthaLatapAsa daramyAna lIdhuM che. 38. barjesa ke sAMkaLiyA ke anya koI vidvAne A vigate noMdhI nathI. 39. ekAka., pRSTha 142, paTTa 22, saMjJA K. 40. ejana, saMjJA F. 41. enaja, saMjJA H. 42. inDiyana ArkiyaoNlojI e rivyu, 1958-59, pRSTha 70-71. 43. ekAka., paTTa 23. 44.-45. ejana, AkRti 6 ane 5 anukrame. 46. ejana, paTTa 21, naMbara 6. 47. barjesa ke sAMkaLiyAe A bAbatanI koI noMdha lIdhI nathI. 48. basa, ekAka., paTTa 22, naMbara 1, saMjJA L. 49. mahetA ane caudharI, ekavezana eTa devanI morI, pRSTha 116, paTTa 49sI. 50. barjesa ane sAMkaLiyAe ke anya koI vidvAne A mApa ApyuM nathI. 51. ekAka., pRSTha 144. para. A bAkorAM vize barjese ke sAMkaLiyAe koI nirdeza karyo nathI. 53. A pravezamArganI dvArazAkhane paNa upalA majalAnA pravezamArgonI dvArazAkhanI jema kASThanAM bAraNAMnA vaparAza sUcavatAM bAkorAM che, jenI noMdha barjese ane sAMkaLiyAe ke anya koI vidvAne lIdhI hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. A pravezadvAra sAduM che. paraMtu kArIgaroe tyAM kotaraNI karavAnuM vicAryuM hatuM ja ema pravezadvAranI kotaraNInA adhurA rahelA bhAga uparathI spaSTa thAya che. A vizeno ullekha paNa kyAMya jovo prApta thato nathI. 54. barjese, sAMkaLiyAe ke anya koI vidvAne A badhAM mApa ApyAM nathI. 55.-56, ekAka., pRSTha 143 ane ejana, paTTa 21 anukrame. 57. barjesa Adi vidvAnoe AnI noMdha lIdhI nathI. 58. pAdanoMdha pa6 mujaba 59. A vigatono paNa kyAMya nirdeza thayo nathI. 60-61. juo ekAka., paTTa 23, AkRti 7; ane ejana, paTTa 23. 62. barjesa Adi adhyetAoe A bAbatano nirdeza karyo nathI. 63. Aga, pRSTha 51. 64. ekAka., pRSTha 144. 65. gurAsAMI., graMtha 2, pRSTha 35ra-pa3 tathA pAdanoMdha 62-63. 66. Aga, pRSTha 50-51. 67. svAdhyAya, pustaka 1, aMka 3, pRSTha 283-84. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa aDhAra 313 68. ekAka., paTTa pa2; Aga, pRSTha 49, paTTa 2. 69. Aga, pRSTha 49-50. 70. joI., pustaka 9, aMka 4, pRSTha 454, paTTa 4, naMbara 6(1960). 71. pAdanoMdha 42 mujaba. 72. TrAvelsa ina vesTarna InDiyA, pRSTha 367. 73. ekAka., pRSTha 145-47. 74. barjesa pachI koI zodhake A guphAnI mulAkAta lIdhI nathI. paraMtu A graMthalekhake 1962-63mAM A guphAonI pratyakSa mulAkAta lIdhI hatI tyAreya samayAMkana sAru koI purAvA maLyA na hatA. 75. DuMgaranuM nAma taLAjA che. zatruMjaya mahAtImAM vartamAna taLAjA gAmano 'tAladhvaja nagarI tarIke ane DuMgarano "tAladhvajagiri' tarIke nirdeza che. barjese "tAlugirirUpa prayojyuM che (ekAka., pRSTha 147). taLAjA gAmathI ATha kilomITara dUranA TImANAmAMthI prApta eka zilAlekha (vikrama saMvata 1264, IsvI 1207)mAM 'talAjhA mahAsthAna'no ullekha che. (hI.azAha, purAtattva, pustaka 1, pRSTha 99). 76. DI.e.zAha, uparyukta, pRSTha 101-102; ekAka., pRSTha 148. 77. bIla, rikojha, pustaka 2, pRSTha 268. 78. ahata acale mahArASTranA pUrvabhAgamAM AvelA parvata upara bIjo eka mahAvihAra baMdhAvyo hato. upara eka vihAra Avelo che evuM emAM kotarelA lekhamAM AvatA sthavira acalane lagatA ullekhathI jaNAya che (vaoNTarsa, TrAvelsa, pustaka 2, pRSTha 240). 79. hIrAlAla zAhe A vize vistArathI varNana karyuM che (purAtattva, pustaka 1, pRi 99thI). 80. A guphAnuM nAma daMtakathA AdhArita che enI mAhitI mATe juo ekAka., pRSTha 148 ane purAtattva, pustaka 1, pRSTha 102. 81ane83. sAMkaLiyA, A, pRSTha para. 82. ekAka., paTTa 29. " 84. svAdhyAya, pustaka 1, pRSTha 285. 85. pAdanoMdha naMbara 77. pramANe. 86,87ane88. ekAka., pRSTha 149; paTTa 29, naMbara 4; paTTa 29, naMbara 5 anukrame. 89,91tathA 94. Aga, pRSTha para; pRSTha 53 ane pRi pa3 anukrame. Oane 93. ekAka., pRSTha 149, paTTa 29, naMbara 2; pRSTha 150 anukrame. 92. svAdhyAya, pustaka 1, aMka 3, pRSTha 286. 95. purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, mULaprata, pRSTha 91thI 93; prabaMdhakoza, mULa, pRSTha 13 ane 84-85; vividhatIrthakalpa, mULagraMtha. 96. ekAka., pRSTha 150. 97ane 98. Aga, pRSTha 53 ane 166-68 tathA pRSTha 167 anukrame. 99. guptakAla sudhImAM bhAratIya zilpomAM tIrthakaronI koI sarvastra pratimA upalabdha hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. DhAMkanI jaina pratimAo nirvastrI hoI te samayAMkananA prastuta matane samarthe che. vizeSamAM juo For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pAdanoMdha 27 ane 35. 10. baksa, ekAka., pRSTha 15ra. paraMtu sAMkaLiyAe ApelA phoTAmAM (Aga, AkRti 24) barjese nirdezyA mujaba corasa zIrSa ane pIThikA dazya nathI (ejana, pRSTha 54). 101-102. barjesa, ekAka., pRSTha 15ra baMne mATe. 103. A, pRSTha 54. 104.-105. inDiyana Arkiolaji, e rivyu, 1958-59, pRSTha 70 baMne mATe. 106. svAdhyAya, pustaka 1, aMka 3, pRSTha 285. 107. A guphAonA vadhu varNana vAste juo : jayendra nANAvaTI, "kaDiyA DuMgaranI bauddha guphAo ane siMhastaMbha', kumAra, saLaMga aMka pa28, 1967, pRSTha 72-73 ane atra tatra purAtattva (gujarAtano itihAsa), 2003, prakaraNa 6.2, pRSTha 160thI 163. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ogaNIsa bhUmikA kSatrapakAlanA imAratI avazeSomAM guphAo, vihAro ane caityagRho jevAM zailotkIrNa sthApatya uparAMta IMTarI vihAra ane stUpanA avazeSa hAthavagA thayA che. IMTarI vihAronI chata ane enI dIvAlo tUTI gayelAM hovA chatAMya tenuM talamAna yathAtatha jaLavAI rahyuM che. keTalIkavAra A vihAronI najIkamAM ekAda IMTerI stUpa upara chata ke AsapAsa koI dIvAla hotI nathI. A samayanA gujarAtamAMthI AvA traNa namUnA saMprApta thayA che. boriyA stUpa, IMTavAno stUpa tathA devanI morIno mahAstUpa. lalitakalA-2 : IMTerI sthApatya boriyA stUpa jUnAgaDha zaherathI dakSiNa-pUrvamAM agiyAra kilomITaranAM tathA giranAra daravAjethI dakSiNamAM pAMca kilomITaeNranAM aMtare, giranAM jaMgalamAM dAtAranA DuMgaranI dakSiNa-pazcima tathA giranAranA dakSiNa DhoLAvanI dakSiNa-pUrve, jUnAgaDha relave sTezanathI agniIkoNa tarapha chaeka kilomITaranAM aMtare AvelI boriyA nAmanI khyAta upatyakAnI dakSiNa-pazcime A stUpa sthita che. A upatyakAmAMthI guDAjaLI ane hemajaLI nAmanAM be jharaNAM vahe che. enI pUrvamAM traNa phalA~ga dUra boradevInuM maMdira che. boranAM puSkaLa vRkSo A khINamAM AvelAM hoI A vistAra 'boriyAkhINa'thI oLakhAya che, je uparathI maMdiranuM nAma 'boradevI' ane stUpanuM nAma 'boriyA stUpa' paDyuM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. A stUpanI pAse bIjA eka stUpa ane vihAranA avazeSa hovAnI jANakArI, gujarAta rAjya purAtattva khAtAnI kacerIe karelI sthaLatapAsathI, hAthavagI thaI che paNa enuM adyApi vyavasthita utkhananakArya hAtha dharAyuM nathI. A sthaLane loko 'baDI lAkhAmeDI' kahe che; kema ke lAkhA nAmano bahAravaTiyAno vAsa ahIM hato. je. ema. kaeNmpabele 1888nA DisembaramAM A stUpanuM khodakArya hAtha dharyuM hatuM tyAre te zodhakAryane henarI kajhensanuM mArgadarzana saMprApta thayuM hatuM. A utkhananakAmano ahevAla tethI emaNe prakAzita karelo. A stUpa pAkI IMTono banelo che. IMTonuM kada 46 X 39 X 9 seMTImITaranuM che. enI AsapAsa nAnA nAnA TIMbA che. AthI, kajhense tyAM nAnA stUpa hovAnuM anumAna karyuM che. stUpanA AsapAsathI prApta ArasanI taktIo uparathI sUcavI zakAya ke stUpanI vedikA tathA TocanuM chatra saMbhavataH pASANanuM hoya. stUpa akabaMdha hAtha lAgyo na hato. paraMtu kajhensa noMdhe che ke stUpanA zikharethI 12 mITaranI UMDAIethI eka samudgaka maLyo hato. ane samudgaka tathA pAyAnA caNatara vaccenuM IMTerIkAma 10-thI 12 mITaranuM che. tethI stUpanI UMcAI Azare 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta mITara jeTalI hovAnuM saMbhave. eno pAyagata gherAvo 55 mITara jeTalo hovAnuM sUcavAya che. zailasamudrakamAM enAthI halakA prakAranA paththarano DhAMkaNAyukta bIjo eka dAbaDo hato. DhAMkaNanI aMdaranA bhAgano AkAra chIcharI rakAbI jevo che. bIjA dAbaDAmAMthI tAMbAno dAbaDo maLyo che. eno AkAra agAunA dAbaDA jevo che. tAMbAnA dAbaDAmAM cAMdIno dAbaDo che ane cAMdInA dAbaDAmAMthI sonAno dAbaDo hAtha lAgyo hato. A badhA dAbaDAnuM kada kramazaH nAnuM thatuM jAya che. sonAnI dAbaDImAM AMgaLInA nakha jevaDA asthi-avazeSa, paMcaratno (nIla raMgano maNako, mANeka, nIlama, pokharAja ane nIlamaNi) ane vRkSaDALIno TukaDo saMgRhIta hatAM. asthi-avazeSanuM mApa 5 X 9 seMTImITara hatuM. sonA sivAyanA anya dAbaDAmAMthI bhasma maLI che. A badhA avazeSa tyAre jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita-saMgRhIta hatA. samayanirNaya H stUpamAMthI prApta IMTonAM kada tathA bhAratanA anya pradezanA samakAlIna tUponA tulanAtmaka abhyAsathI prastuta tUpano samaya nirNita karavo rahe che. bAkI A sUpamAMthI samayAMkanane upayogI pratimA, zilpa ke lekha ityAdi sAmagrI hAthavagAM thayAM nathI. kSatrapakAlanA gujarAtanA anya be IMTerI stUpamAMnI (ITavA ane devanI morI) IMTonAM kada 4642848 seMTImITaranAM che. jyAre boriyA sUpamAMnI IMTonAM mApa 4643948 seMTImITara che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke traNeya stUpa samakAlIna hoI zake eTale ke eka ja samaye temanAM nirmANakArya saMpanna thayAM hovAM joIe IMTavAmAMthI rAjA rudrasenanuM pakavelI mATImAMthI nirmAyeluM eka mudrAMka maLyuM che. devanI morImAMthI brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa kotarelo pASANano eka dAbaDo maLyo che. jyAre boriyA stUpamAMthI koI lakhANa hAtha lAgyuM na hoI te stUpa anya baMne stUpa karatAM thoDo pUrvakAlIna hovA saMbhave che. sopArAmAMthI prApta stUpano samaya bIjI sadIno che, jenA avazeSo sAthe boriyA stUpanA avazeSa ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. AthI, boriyA stUpa IsunI bIjI sadIno hovo joIe. IMTavA vihAra jUnAgaDhanA azokanA khaDakalekhathI Azare pAMca kilomITaranA aMtare, bhavanAthanI uttare ITavA nAmano vistAra Avelo che. jogaNiyA nAmanA DuMgarA ane giranAra parvatanI vacce AvelA A vistAramAMthI pracura pramANamAM pakva IMTo maLI AvatI hovAthI sthAnika lokoe A sthaLavizeSanuM "iMTavA" evuM nAmakaraNa pracAryuM. 1949mAM ITavAnAM khaMDeronuM khodakArya thatAM girajAzaMkara vallabhajI AcAryane eka vihAranA avazeSa hAtha lAgyA hatA. vihAranA mukhya prAMgaNamAM be staramAM pAkI IMTo bichAvelI hatI. pazcimanI dIvAlane aDIne 1.65 X 2.57 mITara kadanI eka vyAsapITha racAyelI hatI. prAMgaNanI cotarapha 3 X 3 mITaranA kadanA oraDA banAvelA hatA. pUrvI hAramAM AvA ja oraDA hatA, je paikI dakSiNa bAjUthI cotho oraDo ATha mITara laMbAIno hato. takSazilAnA eka vihAranI pUrva tarapha Avo eka oraDo Avelo hato te bAbata ahIM ullekhanIya che. uttara taraphanI oraDIonI bahAra dIvAlane aDIne 95 seMTImITara lAMbI ane For Personal & Private Use Only

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317 prakaraNa ogaNIsa 26 seMTImITara pahoLI eka nIka che. ahiMdamAM 18813 seMTImITaranA kadanI pANInI be TAMkI che. A IMTerI vihAramAMthI pakavelI mATInuM eka mudrAMka maLI AvyuM che, jenA aMdaranA vartuLano vyAsa traNa seMTImITarano che. mudrAMkanI madhyamAM trikUTa parvatanI AkRti che. enA vRttAkAre brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa che : mahAraga sudrasena vihAre madhusaMdhI. A rAjA rudrasena te mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudrasena 1lo hovA saMbhave che. atyAra sudhInAM utpanana dvArA bhAratamAMthI maLelI mudrAomAM A mudrA pUrvakAlIna hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. mudrAMka uparanA lakhANathI anumAnI zakAya ke A vihAra rAjA rudrasene bauddha bhikSusaMgha sAru baMdhAvyo hato. A uparAMta A vihAramAMthI vATavAnA paththara, vajana mATenA paththara, mATInI cakaraDI, sonuM kasavAno paththara, siMhanI dADha, vividha ghATanAM vAsaNo, cAMdInA tathA tAMbAnA thoDA sikkA, viziSTa ane sAmAnya ThIMkarAM, abarakhanA TukaDA vagere avazeSo maLI AvyA che. mRttikAnirmitta cIjavastuomAM kuMjA, pyAlA, kaTorA, gaTaranAM DhAMkaNAMno samAveza thAya che. ahIMthI moTA kadanI (46 X 31 X 7 seMTImITaranI) IMTo puSkaLa pramANamAM maLI che. IMTavA vihAra ane IMTonI upalabdhinuM bAhulya A sthaLanA nAmAbhidhAna vAte sUcaka banI rahe che. samayanirNaya : ahIMthI saMprApta mudrAMka rAjA rudrasena 1lAnuM che. A rAjAnA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkAo varSa 124 (IsvI 202)thI varSa 142 (IsvI 220) sudhInA maLyA che. AthI, A vihAra IsvInI trIjI sadInA prathama caraNa daramyAna nirmANa pAmyo hoya. devanI morIno mahAvihAra sAbarakAMThA jillAnA bhiloDA tAlukAnA prasiddha vaiSNavatIrtha zAmaLAjInI pUrvamAM devanI morI nAmanuM gAma che. tIrthadhAma ane gAmanI vacce uttara-dakSiNa vahetI ane pachI vaLAMka laI pazcimamAM jatI mezvo nadI AvelI che. gAmanI bhAgoLe ane nadInA kinAre "bhoja rAjAno Tekaro' nAmanI jagyA AvelI hatI. ahIMthI moTA kadanI IMTo ane cakacakti lAla mRtabhAr3onA avazeSa hAtha lAgavAthI vaDodarA sthita mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastavidyA vibhAga taraphathI vyavasthita ukhananakArya 1959-60thI cAra varSa sudhI cAlyuM hatuM. ahIMthI vihAra hAtha lAgyA hatA, jemAMno eka vihAra moTo che ane te mahAvihArathI khyAta che. bIjo vihAra mahAvihArathI 150 mITaranA aMtare pUrvamAM Avelo che. mahAvihAra IMTarI che. enuM kSetraphaLa 48 X 45 mITaranuM che; bahAranI osarI sAthe. teno AkAra laMbacorasa che. madhyamAM khUllo coka che je IMTothI sajja che. cokanI copAsa 32 khaMDa che; pratyeka bAjue ATha khaMDanI gaNatarI pramANe AmAM 26 khaMDa sAdhuonA nivAsa vAte che. zeSamAM eka maMdira che ane eka koThAra che. tathA ekamAM rasoDuM che. khaMDonI AgaLa cokane pharatI osarI che. bahAranI bAjue paNa copAsa pharato oTalo che, je kadAca pachInA samaye baMdhAyo hoya. vihArano pravezamArga uttaramAM che, je 2.65 mITara pahoLo che. vihAranA For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pravezadvAranI sAme ane dakSiNamAM AvelA khaMDanI haroLanI madhyamAM maMdirano oraDo che. tenuM kSetraphaLa 7 X 21 mITaranuM che. vihAramAM pravezatAM ja pratyekanI dRSTi sIdhI maMdira upara jAya te prakAranuM bAMdhakAma dhArmika dRSTie khUba ja dhyAnArha che. cokane pharatI osarI 85 seMTImITara UMcI ane 145 seMTImITara pahoLI che. vihAranI madhyamAM rahelo IMTerI coka uttara-dakSiNa 24.77 mITara 318 1 lAMbo che ane pUrva-pazcima 22 mITara pahoLo che. pravezamArganAM pagathiyAM hovA vizenAM cihna avizaSTa che. vihAranuM chAgha kevuM haze te jANavAnAM koI sAdhana prApta thayAM nathI. A mahAvihAranA naiRtya khUNAmAM 39 seMTImITara pahoLI ane 45 seMTImITara UMDI paraMtu DhAMkelI nIko maLI AvI che. A mahAvihAranuM samagra nirmANa-Ayojana vatuzAtA prakAranuM che. bhagavAna buddhanI pratimA sAthenuM mokaLAzavALuM maMdira che, je oraDA naMbara 16mAM che. mahAvihArano A sahuthI moTo khaMDa che. enI joDenA oraDAmAM (naMbara 17mAM) maMdirano koThAra che. ane naMbara 22mAM rasoDuM che. AthI, sUcavAya che ke mahAvihAramAM rahetA sAdhuo buddhanI pratimAnuM pUjA-arcana karatA haze. dhyAnArha bAbata e che ke A mahAvihAramAM bauddha deva ane devIonI tathA bodhisatvonI gerahAjarI che ane tethI ahIM vasatA bauddhasAdhuoe pragatizIla bauddha mUrtividhAna (jemAM aneka baudgha devatAno samAveza) svIkAryuM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. AthI devanI morInA mahAvihAranA aMtevAsI sAdhuo buddhapratimAnI pUjA karanAra prAraMbhika hovA saMbhave che. arthAt A mahAvihAra hInayAna paMthano hoI zake13. vihAramAMthI kSatrapa rAjAonA sIkkA, cakacakita rAtAM mRbhANDa vagere hAtha lAgyAM che. sikkAomAM eka sikko zarva bhaTTArakano che. AthI, phalita thAya che ke A vihAra IsunI cothI sadInA caraNa daramyAna nirmANa pAmyo hovo saMbhave che. mahAvihAra mULa pachI be vakhata pheraphAra pAmelo che. bIjo vihAra mahAvihArathI pUrvamAM che. te paNa IMTarI che. A vihAranuM Ayojana paNa mahAvihAranA jevuM ja che. arthAt vacce khUllA cokanI copAsa pharate oraDA AvelA che, varaMDA che, pANI-gaTaranI vyavasthA che, bahAranI bAjue varaMDA che, ane pravezamArga pagathiyAM yukta che. mahAvihAranI pAsamAM bIjA vihAra baMdhAvyA hovAnAM IMTerI cihno avizaSTa jaNAyAM che. saMbhava che ke be karatAM vadhAre vihAra astitvamAM hoya. devanI morIno mahAstUpa A mahAvihAranI IzAne Azare paMdara mITaranA aMtare eka vizALa stUpa Avelo hato. Ama to ahIMthI kula pAMca stUpa hAthavagA thayA che; jemAMnA cAra stUpa nAnA che ane uddeza-hetunA che, kaho ke mAnatAnA stUpa che. ApaNe ahIM phakta mahAstUpanuM varNana karIzuM; kema ke te zarIra-stUpa che eTale bhagavAna dazabalanA dehAvazeSane samudgakamAM saMgRhIta-surakSita rAkhe che. A stUpanA peTALamAMthI je asthipAtra hAtha lAgyuM che tenA uparanA lakhANamAM paNa A stUpane mahAstUpa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. A mahAtUpa prAMgaNamAM AvelA mahAvihAranA Azraye nirmANa pAmyo hovAnI vigateya A lakhANamAM che. A mahAstUpa IMTavA ane boriyAnA stUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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319 prakaraNa ogaNIsa karatAM ghaNo moTo che. A mahAtUpa IMTarI che emAM upayogAyelI IMTonuM kada A mujaba che : 41 X ra7 X 7thI 46 X 29 X 9 seMTImITara sudhInuM che. agnivarmA ane sudarzana nAmanA be bauddha bhikSue A stUpa baMdhAvyo hato. sUpanuM bAMdhakAma pAzAMtika ane parpha nAmanA be sthapatie kareluM hatuM. stUpa IMTerI hoI akabaMdha imArata tarIke hAtha lAgyo na hato, tethI saMpUrNa racanA vize koI khyAla prApta thato nathI. khodakArya prakriyA samaye stUpanI UMcAI Azare 10 mITaranI hatI, jemAM chatrayaSTino samAveza thato nathI. A imAratane traNa bhAgamAM vibhAjita karI zakAya : nIcalI pIThikA, upalI pIThikA ane aMDAkAra bhAga. have traNeyanAM vigate varNana avalokIe. nIcalI pIThikA samacorasa che. enuM kSetraphaLa A mujaba che : 25.81 X 25.81 mITara. enI UMcAI 2.42 mITaranI che. enI upara ane upalI pIThikAnA pAyAnA bhAga najIka pharatI pagathAra che, jene pradakSiNApatha kahI zakAya. A pIThikAnI pratyeka bAjunI dIvAla upara upasAvelA bAra ardhastaMbha vaDe nirmANa pAmelA agiyAra gokha che. pratyeka be ardhastaMbha vacce 2 mITaranuM eka sarakhuM nizcita aMtara che. mULamAM badhA maLIne 44 ardhastaMbha hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che17; jemAMthI dakSiNanA nava, pazcimanA nava, pUrvanA che ane uttaranA ATha ema kula 32 ardhastaMbha surakSita che. ardhastaMbhanA sAmAnyataH traNa bhAga jovA prApta thAya che : 34 seMTImITara pahoLI ane 16 seMTImITara UMcI sAdI DhALelI besaNI, para seMTImITara UMcAIno sAdo daMDa ane 17 seMTImITara UMcuM zIrSa (je be ADI aMlakRta paTTIonuM baneluM che). zIrSanI zailI inDokorinthiyana prakAranI che. enuM alaMkaraNa kharekhara suzobhita che. A kalAtmaka ardhastaMbhonI sucAru ane surekha racanA lAMbI dIvAlonI ekavidhatA (manaoNTani) dUra karavAmAM sahAyabhUta jaNAya che. ardhastaMbhanA TekArUpa kevAlanAM suzobhano stUpanA sauMdaryamAM abhivRddhi kare che. kevAla kAje traNa suzobhano upayogamAM levAyAM che : (1) sauthI nIcenuM suzobhana nAnA corasonuM che. AmAM eka kotarelo che, eka kotaryA vinAno che. tethI sAdo jaNAto A ghATa vizALa pAyA upara manohara dekhAya che. (2) A samatala ghATa upara suzobhanono bIjo ghATa moTAM pAMdaDAMvALI velabhAtano che. A manorama velanuM udbhavasthAna paNa videzI hovAnuM keTalAka lekhako mAne che. prathama suzobhanAM karatAM saheja AgaLa upasAveluM A suzobhana vadhAre AkarSaka ane ramaNIya lAge che. (3) hArabaMdha goThavAyelA ToDalAnuM suzobhana A che. prathamanAM baMne suzobhana karatAM vadhAre AgaLa paDatAM A suzobhana che. AthI A traNeya suzobhananI saMyukta suMdaratAmAM aikyapaNuM avinAbhAvi che. A badhAM suzobhana IMTerI che te bAbata khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A pIThikAnI upara kadamAM nAnI bIjI pIThikA che, je 21 mITara samocarasa che. Ano upalo bhAga vizeSa khaMDita thayelo che. A pIThikAnI UMcAI 3.39 mITaranI che. pAyA pAseno For Personal & Private Use Only

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320 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 62 seMTImITara jeTalo bhAga sAdo che. A pIThikAnA pAyA pAse agAu noMdhyuM tema pradakSiNApatha hoI svAbhAvika ja nIcalI pIThikA karatAM tenuM kSetraphaLa (gherAvo) nAnuM hoya. A pIThikAmAM paNa dareka bAjue 10 ardhastaMbhathI nirmAyelA 9 gavAkSa che ane pratyekamAM caMdrakavALI caityakamAna kotarelI che. A pIThikAnI dareka bAjue 10 ardhastaMbha ane dareka bAjue 9 gavAkSa ane temAM ekAMtare buddhanI pratimA hoI, cAreya taraphamAM badhI maLI 20 mUrtio hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. eTale ke pratyeka bAju upara pAMca pratimA che. AmAMthI, vatteoche khaMDita evI 17 mUrtio hAtha lAgI che. pIThikAnA ardhastaMbha paNa alaMkRta che. upalI pIThikAnI upara goLArdha aMDAkAra bhAga che, je mahAtUpanI racanAno trIjo aMka che. A aMkanI-bhAganI UMcAI 4.42thI 4.72 mITaranI che. khodakAma vakhate eno bahArano vyAsa 15.62 mITarano hato. A bhAgane paNa sAruM evuM nukasAna thayeluM che ane tethI tenA pUrNa dekhAva paratve koI cokkasa anumAna thaI zakatuM nathI. harmikA ane chatrayaSTi nAza pAmyAM hoI prApta thayAM nathI. aMDanA kendrabhAga upara eka corasa racanA karIne enI AjubAju pIpaLanA pAnanA ghAyukta valayo racavAmAM AvyAM che. A valayonI eka bAju pahoLI ane bIjI bAju aNIdAra banAvIne tene pIpaLAnA pAnano ghaTA ApavAmAM Avyo hato. A AkhIye racanA ghaDiyALanA kAMTAnI dizAmAM dareka thara upara judI judI dizAmAM pharatI rahe evI rIte goThavavAmAM AvI che. asthipAtra H AvI suMdara racanAyukta IMTonI vacce dazabalanA zarIrAvazeSane sAcavatuM eka asthipAtra hAtha lAgyuM che. enI upara 62 seMTImITaranI UMcAIe pakavelI mATImAMthI banAvelI bhagavAna buddhanI pUrvAbhimukha eka pratimA hatI. rAtA raMganA ane uparathI tUTelA mATInA ghaDAnI aMdara A asthipAtra mUkeluM hatuM. bhUkharA paththaramAMthI nirmAyelo A dAbaDo (asthipAtra/samudgaka) saMpUrNa surakSita saMprApta thayo che. enA pAyAno vyAsa 17 seMTImITarano che. dAbaDAnA uparanA bhAgano vyAsa 16 seMTImITarano che. dAbaDAnA DhAMkaNAno pAyo 15 seMTImITarano che. dAbaDAnI samagra UMcAI 13 seMTImITaranI che. A dAbaDo stUpanA pAyAthI 7.68 mITaranI UMcAIe ane aMDAkAra bhAganI TocathI 4.42 mITaranI nIcAIe tathA aMDAkAra bhAganA pAyAthI 31 seMTImITaranI UMcAIe mUkelo hato. dAbaDAno nIceno bhAga, DhAMkaNuM ane DhAMkaNAne pakaDavAno DaTTo alaga alaga banAvyAM hoya ema pratyakSa nirIkSaNathI sUcavAya che. AkhAye DhAMkaNA upara, enI bahAranI bAju tathA aMdaranI bAju, dAbaDAnA mukhya bhAganI cAreya tarapha ane taLiyAnA bhAga upara - Ama samagra dAbaDA upara brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa utkIrNa thayeluM che. pratItyasamudrano bauddha dharmano siddhAMta DhAMkaNA upara brAhmI lipimAM ane pAli bhASAmAM utkIrNa che. A sUtra anya stUpanAM lakhANamAM paNa prApta thayuM che. dAbaDA uparanA aitihAsika lekhamAMnI vigatonA vizleSaNa vAstu ane lekhanI bhASAzailI sAru agAu avalokana karyuM che (juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa cothuM ane prakaraNa paMdara anukrame). For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ogaNIsa paththaranA dAbaDAmAM tAMbAnI nAnI dAbaDI che jemAM rezamI kApaDanI thelImAM kazuMka mUkeluM che, sonAnI zIzI jevuM nAnuM emphorA che ane anya avazeSo che. 321 stUpanI nIcalI pIThikAnA TocanA madhya bhAgamAMthI ATha kSatrapasikkAyukta bIjo eka dAbaDo hAtha lAgyo hato. 69 sikkAno bIjo eka nidhi mahAvihAranA pravezamArga pAsenA khaMDamAMthI maLyo hovAnI vigata ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA. AmAM cAMdInA 59 sikkA che ane cAMdInA DhoLa caDAvelA tAMbAnA 4 sikkA che, jyAre zuddha tAMbAnA be ane sIsAnA 4 sikkA che. mahAstUpanI pazcime babbenI joDImAM mAnatAnA cAra stUpa hatA, je 2.42thI 3.31 mITaranA samacorasa mApanA hovAnuM darzAvyuM che. mahAstUpanI naiRtye 1.81 mITaranA aMtare eka caityagRha hatuM. samayAMkana : purAvastukIya avazeSIya jJApako upalabdha hovA chatAMya mahAstUpa ane mahAvihAranAM samayAMkana paratve avaDhava jaNAya che. varSa nirdiSTayukta asthipAtra, sikkAnidhio, kalAkRtionI zailI, IMTonAM kada, camakadAra rAtAM vAsaNa vagere samayanirNaya mATenI sAmagrI che. A badhAM sAdhano uparathI mahAvihArano nirmANakALa IsunI cothI sadInA prathama caraNanA pUrvArdhamAM ane enA Azraye baMdhAyelA mahAstUpano racanAkALa te caraNanA uttarArdhamAM hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya che. saMbhavataH mahAvihArano nAza ke eno punaroddhAra IsunI cothI sadInAM aMtima varSomAM thayo hovo joIe; kema ke mahAvihAranA nidhimAMno eka sikko zarva bhaTTArakano che, jeNe kSatraponuM rAjya jItI lIdhuM hatuM. paraMtu tAjetaramAM jUnAgaDha pAsenA eka gAmethI prApta kSatrapa sikkAonA nidhimAM zaka varSa 337no sikko maLyo che. eTale zarva bhaTTArake kSatrapa rAjya jItyuM hovAnuM agAunuM anumAna have nirAdhAra Thare che. eTale mahAvihArano nAza pAMcamI sadInA prathama dAyakA pachI najIkanA samaye thayo hoya evuM sUcita thAya che. pAdanoMdha 1. cho.ma.atri, 'kSatrapakAlIna girinagara', vidyApITha, varSa 5, pRSTha 96. 2ane3. jaraoNesoA., 1891, pustaka 60, bhAga 1, naMbara 2, pRSTha 17thI 23; pRSTha 18 anukrame. 4anepa. maMjulAla majamudAra saMpAdita kroMnolaoNjI oNva gujarAta, pustaka 1, pRSTha 91-92. 6. gurAsAMi., graMtha 2, pRSTha 344. 7. chAbA, ei., pustaka 28, aMka 4, pRSTha 174. 8. lipinA maroDa uparathI chAbrA A saMbhava rajU kare che. ejana, pRSTha 175. 9. ejana. A prakAranAM mudrAMka puSkaLa pramANamAM rAjaghATa jevAM pUrvakAlIna sthaLoethI maLyAM che. kAzI ane sAranAthamAMthI AvAM mudrAMkonI prAptinI vigato vogele ApI che (jarnala oNva dha silona brAMca oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, seMTenarI vaoNlyuma, 1845-1945, pustaka 1, pRSTha 27thI For Personal & Private Use Only

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322 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 32). 10. hAla A Tekaro nathI; kema ke ahIM zyAma sarovara ane baMdhanA nirmANa thaI cUkyAM che. A kAraNe ja utpananakAryamAMthI prApta purAvastukIya avazeSo ane stUpa ane vihAranA viziSTa avazeSo satvare khaseDI vaDodarAnI ma.sa.yunivarsiTInA purAvastuvidyA vibhAganA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita rakhAyA che. 11. Ama to devanI morInA utpananakAryano prAraMbha vibhAgIya vaDA DaoN. bI. subbArAvanA vaDapaNa heThaLa thayo hato, 1959-60nA ziyALu satramAM. paNa emanA Akasmika avasAnane kAraNe khodakAryanI javAbadArI 2.nA.mahetAnA hastaka AvI. sUryakAMta caudharI A khodakAmanI pratyakSa javAbadArImAM hatA, jemaNe A khodakAmamAMthI prApta zilpo ane pratimAo vize zodhakArya AdhArita mahAnibaMdha lakhIne vidyAvAcaspatinI padavI meLavI che. 12. mahetA ane caudharI, kumAra, saLaMga aMka 471, pRSTha 94. 13. ekavezana eTa devanI morI, pRSTha 177. 14. A aMge vadhu vigato vAste juo eskavezana eTa devanI morI graMtha. 15. A sUpanA peTALamAMthI prApta zailasamudragaka uparanA aitihAsika lakhANanI cothI kaDInA uttarArdhamAM #ASpatti 2 pAntivA pI evo pATha agAu sUcavAyo hato (mahetA ane caudharI, joI, pustaka 12, pRSTha 175). paraMtu pachIthI vAsudeva viSaNu mirAzIe ne sthAne paDDI evuM vAcana prastuta karyuM ane karmItika ane pAzAMtika nAmanAM be nagaro nathI evuM sUcavI pratipAdita karyuM ke pAzAMtika ane pa nAmanA be sthapati hatA (vizvezvarAnaMda InDolaoNjikala risarca jarnala, pustaka 3, bhAga 1, pRSTha 101thI 104). A lekhakane paNa svanirIkSaNathI mirAzInuM vAcana yogya jaNAyuM che. 16. juo eskavezana eTa devanI morI, paTTa , AkRti . 17. pratyeka khUNAnA ardhastaMbha be bAjUnA TekArUpa hoI cAra dizAnA 40 (pratyeka bAjunA daza ardhastaMbhanI gaNatarIe) ane cAra khUNAnA cAra maLI kula 44 ardhastaMbha ane 44 gavAkSa hatA. 18. mahetA ane caudharI, kumAra, saLaMga aMka 471, pRSTha 95. 19. ahIMthI 20 jeTalAM mastaka prApta thayAM che. pratyeka dIvAlamAM ekAMtare buddhanI mUrti hoI dareka bAju upara pAMca pratimA ane kula 20 mUrtio hovI joIe. 20. alaMkaraNo, mUrtio, ThIMkaraNAM, sikkA, zailasamudgaka vagerenI vizeSa vigata vAstu ane phoTAo sAru juo ekavezana eTa devanI morI graMtha. 21. juo A graMthamAM pariziSTa traNa ane devanI morInAM utnananano ahevAla. 22. juo pariziSTa traNa. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa agiyAra prakIrNa sthApatya lalitakaLAnAM traNa prakaraNamAM jeno samAveza thayo nathI ane sthApatya-zilpanI dRSTie je mahattvanAM nathI chatAM eno nirdeza jarUrI hoI ahIM te vize keTalIka mAhitI prastuta karI che. surASTra vistAranI keTalIka guphA prabhAsa-pATaNamAM keTalIka pUrvakALanI guphAo AvelI che. pATaNa-verAvaLa tAlukAnA savanI gAme "maMdoranI guphAothI oLakhAtI guphAo sthita che. visAvadara tAlukAnA jetalavaDa mukAmethI "pethalanI guphAo hAtha lAgI che. jAmanagara jillAnA bhANavaDa tAlukAnA ghumalI nAmanA aitihAsika sthaLa pAse "rANapura ane bhavanezvaranI guphAo' hovAnI mAhitI che. to rAjakoTa jillAnA hiMgoLagaDha najIkathI "bhoMyarAnI guphA'thI oLakhAtI guphA AvelI che. jo ke A badhA guphAsamUhomAM koI khAsa noMdhapAtra vizeSatA jovA maLatI nathI. A uparAMta rANAvAva, rAjulA jevAM ghaNAM sthaLe prAkRtika bhoMyarA prakAranI, kudaratakRta, keTalIka guphAo che je hakIkate bhUminA peTALanAM kotaro ja che. kacchanI khAparA-koDiyAnI guphAo hamaNAM sudhI evI mAnyatA pracAramAM rahelI ke gujarAtanA kaccha pradezamAM sthApatyakIya smAraka avaziSTa rahyAM nathI; sAtamA dAyakAnA uttarArdhamAM ke.kA.zAstrIne kaccha vistAramAMthI keTalIka guphAo hAtha lAgI hatI. kaccha jillAnA lakhapata tAlukAnA jUnA pATagaDha nagaranI pUrva-dakSiNe ane kaTezvara mahAdeva tathA kaTezvarI mAtAnAM maMdiranA pazcima bAjunA pahADamAM prAyaH IsvInI trIjI zatAbdInA samayanAM zelotkIrNa guphAsthApatya AvelAM che; je khAparA-koDiyAthI vizeSa oLakhAya che. ahIM noMdhavuM rahyuM ke jUnAgaDhamAM A nAmathI oLakhAtI lagabhaga A samayanI guphAo vizeSa khyAta che. ahIM be guphA hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che; jemAMnI pUrva bAjunI osarIghATanI guphA ane pazcima taraphanI guphA AgaLano osarI jevA bhAga nAza pAmyo che. avaziSTa bhAganAM nirIkSaNathI Azare 2.42 X 2.42 mITaranA mApano bhamatIyukta khaMDa, enA pravezadvAra upara aspaSTa bhAtavALuM kotarakAmanI mAhitI maLe che. 3 X 2.42 mITaranA kadano bIjo khaMDa ane 4.81 X 2.42 mITaranI paDasALa tathA Azare 2.42 mITaranA gherAvAvALA be staMbha noMdhapAtra che. kacchamAM bauddha dharma pracAramAM hoI te samaye kaMDArAyelI A guphAonA nirdiSTa baMne staMbhanA zirobhAganI hAMsa bauddha-staMbhanA ghATanI hovAthI e guphAo bauddha hovAnuM maMtavya pragaTa thayuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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324 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jUnAgaDhanI anya guphAo jUnAgaDha ane tenA parisaramAM vAlukAmaya zveta pASANanI bahulatAne lIdhe keTalAMka sthaLe zailotkIrNa guphAonI vipulatA jovA maLe che. AmAM paMcezvara, mAIgaDhecI ane mAtrI maMdiranI guphAo noMdhapAtra che. kALavA cokathI thoDAka aMtare paMcezvaranI jIrNazIrNa avasthAmAM sthita guphA che. narasiMha mahetAnA corAnI pAchaLanA bhAge guphAo AvelI che. ahIM mAIgaDhecI nAmanI daragAha AvelI hoI guphAo te nAmathI khyAta che. guphAnI upara maMdiramAMthI parivartita karelI masjida che. 7.81 X 3.92 mITarano vistAra dharAvatI mukhya guphAnI aMdara pazcima tarapha 2.42 X 1.81 mITaranI nAnI guphA AvelI che. to mAtrI maMdira tarIke khyAta devasthAnavALI avaziSTa guphA bAvApyArAnI guphAonI dakSiNa-pazcime AvelI che. A guphA noMdhapAtra nathI. A traNeya guphAo koI cokkasa dharma mATe kaMDArelI ke kema te vize kazuM kahevuM zakya nathI. bharukacchanuM jainatIrtha bharukacchamAM pUrvakALathI jainonA vIsamA tIrthakara munisuvratanuM caitya hatuM, je mAvavo. tIrthanA nAmathI khyAta che. vividha tIrthajyamAM kAvavodhatvamAM A tIrthanI mAhitI che. kahevAya che ke prAkU-kSatrapa kALamAM vidyamAna Arya khapUTa bharUcanA vatanI hatA ane vidyAsiddha AcArya hatA. emaNe bharukacchanuM A tIrtha bauddhonA saMkajAmAMthI choDAvyuM hatuM. evuM pramAdhvaritamAM (zloka 24) nirdezAyuM che. A tIrthano sAtavAhana rAjAe jINoddhAra karAvyo hato tyAre pAdaliptasUrie enA dhvajadaMDanI pratiSThA karI hatI; tema ja A prasiddha tIrthano samuddhAra siddhasena divAkaranA upadezathI rAjA vikramAditye (?) karAvyo hato. AthI, kSatrapakALanA A tIrthanI hayAtI puravAra thAya che. tAraMgA ane staMbhanaka bauddhadharmanA anuyAyI rAjA ane Arya khapuTanA samakAlIna veNIvatsarAje giri (tAraMgA)" upara tArAphara (tArApura) nAmanuM nagara vasAvyuM hatuM ane emAM bauddhadevI tArAnuM maMdira pratiSThita karyuM hatuM. tAraMgAnA DuMgaranI taLeTImAM uttara dizAe tAraNa mAtAnuM sthAnaka AveluM che. A maMdiranI pAse dhAraNadevInuM sthAnaka eka guphAmAM che. ahIMnI bIjI eka guphA "jogIDAnI guphA'thI oLakhAya che. emAM tAmravarNA pASANa upara bodhivRkSa nIce cAra buddhamUrtio kaMDArelI che. kahevAya che ke Arya khapuTanA upadezathI veNIvatsarAja jainadharmI thayo hato tyAre teNe ahIM mahAvIranI zAsanadevI siddhAyikAnuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. tAraMgAtIrtha paranuM hAlanuM siddhazilA nAmaka sthAnaka siddhAyikA maMdiranI jagyAe hovAnuM jaNAya che. A sthAna hAlanA mukhya maMdira ajitanAtha prAsAdanI vAyavyamAM thoDA dUranA aMtare eka UMcI TekarI upara AveluM che ane tyAM comukhajInI mUrti tathA ajitanAthanAM pagalAM pratiSThita che. pAdaliptacAryanA ziSya nAgArjunane zeDhI nadInA kAMThe AvelA staMbhanakathAmaNA)mAM pArzvanAthanI mUrti pratiSThita karI hatI e saMdarbhe ahIM jainAlaya baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. jo ke hAla A sthaLe koI avaziSTa eMdhANa jovA maLatAM nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa daza 325 raheNAMkanA makAna kaccha ane saurASTra vistAra sivAyanA gujarAtanA anya vistAromAMthI je sthApatyAvazeSa hAthavagA thayA che te badhA akoTA, vaDanagara, zAmaLAjI, devanI morI, nagarA jevA sthaLe thayelAM utpananakAryathI saMprApta che. A badhA avazeSomAM bauddhavihAratUpa jevAM sthApatya uparAMta raheNAkanA makAnano samAveza thAya che. utpanana ahevAlonAM adhyayanathI darzAvI zakAya che ke sAmAnya vasavATa vAstunAM makAna mukhyatve IMTothI bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A samayanI IMTo khodakAryathI ane anyathA hAtha lAgI che te ITo moTA kadanI che. dA.ta. 38.pathI 43.5 X 26thI 31 X pathI 7 seMTImITara. IMTothI nirmANa pAmatAM makAnomAM caNatara vakhate mATIno upayoga thato. akoTA-vaDodarAmAMthI hAtha lAgelA eka moTA makAnanuM kada 21 X 12 mITaranuM noMdhavA pAmyuM che. traNa oraDA ane parasALayukta eka IMTerI makAna A samayanuM vaDanagaramAMthI maLI AvyuM che. IMTo-mATI uparAMta makAnonAM bAMdhakAmamAM paththarano upayoga thayelo sUcavAyo che. nagarAmAM A samayanAM IMTerI tema ja piMDhoLI makAnonA avazeSa utpananakAryanI prakriyA daramyAna jovA prApta thayA che. kAravaNa tathA kAmarejamAM A samayanI IMTerI imArato hayAta hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. zAmaLAjImAM AvAM IMTerI makAnanA avazeSa prApta thayA che. killA : nagaronI pharate A samaye killA bAMdhavAmAM AvatA hatA. AvA eka killAnA avazeSa zAmaLAjImAMthI prApta thayA che; je 400 mITara laMbAI ane 200 mITa pahoLAI dharAve che. A killAmAM caNatara sAru mATI vaparAyelI jovA maLe che. enI cAre tarapha pANInI khAI hovAnI nizAnI che. A killAno moTo bhAga daTAI gayo hovAthI enA pravezadvAra vagere vizenI jarUrI mAhitI maLatI nathI. kAmarejanAM khaMDeranA avalokanathI samajAya che ke enA killAnI traNa bAjue khAI ane eka tarapha upara javAno mArga che. ahIM bAMdhakAma paNa IMTonuM che. taLAva : A kALa daramyAna mAnavakRta jaLayAzonAM nirmANa thatAM hatAM enI pratIti, sAbarakAMThA jillAnA bhiloDA tAlukAnAM keTalAMka gAmonI sthaLatapAsathI taLAvanAM bAMdhakAmanI vigato maLI che, te uparathI darzAvI zakAya che. parvatamAM je sthAne nALAMe khINa pADI hoya ane jyAM nIce majabUta paththara hoya tyAM enI upara mATInA baMdha bAMdhI pANIne avarodhI taLAva bAMdhavAnA prayAsa thatA hatA. AvAM taLAvamAM je bAjue pANI bharavAmAM AvatuM te bAjune IMTo athavA paththara vaDe majabUta banAvavAmAM AvatI. AvAM taLAvanA baMdhanI laMbAI sthaLa paratve alaga alaga rahetI; paraMtu Azare 300 mITara lAMbA baMdha baMdhAyA hovAnAM eMdhANa hAthavagAM thayAM che. taLAvanA pALanI UMcAI 1.81 mITaranI AraMbhI 16.81 mITara sudhInI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. moTI pALanI nIcenI jADAI 75 mITara ane uparanI jADAI 12 mITara jeTalI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. A pALanuM dhovANa nA thAya te vAstenI takedArI tarIke vadhArAnI paranALonI vyavasthA rAkhavAmAM AvatI. AvI paranALa bebAra (tAluko bhiloDA) ane dadhIliyA (tAluko moDAsA)nAM taLAvamAM khaDakamAMthI korI kADhavAmAM AvI che. mallapurANamAM jene vRddhasara tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvyuM che evuM eka taLAva cANasmA tAlukAnA delamAla gAmanI pUrvamAM AveluM che jenA kAMThe pAlinI devInuM maMdira vartamAna sthita che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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326 pAdanoMdha 1. A pariziSTanA Alekhana mATe gurAsAMi., graMtha 2nAM prakaraNa 16 ane 17no sahAro lIdho che. 2. ke.kA.zAstrI, 'kacchanA prAcIna itihAsamAM DokiyuM', pathika, varSa 6, aMka 10-11, pRSTha 31-32. 3. basa, ekAka., pRSTha 141. 4. Arya khapuTa, balamitra-bhAnumitra vagere vize juo gurAsAMi., pRSTha 374 uparanI pAdanoMdha 101thI 104. 5. A sthaLa tAraMgA hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. 6. ThumArapAlapratidrodha, bArya jIvuvArya thA, pRSTha 442. kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 7. vividhatIrtha5, zloka 59, staMbhana~zilojI, pRSTha 104-05. 8thI 10. vadhu mAhitI mATe juo 2.nA.mahetAkRta gujarAtane maLela zilpasthApatyano vAraso, pRSTha 15 19. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa lalitakalA-3 : zilpasamRddhi bhUmikA vAstukalA sAthe zilpakalAne ane hunnara udyogane nikaTano avinAbhAvi saMbaMdha che. kaho ke A badhI kalA parasparane pUraka che. sthapati ubhayanA saMyojana vaDe suMdara imAratanuM sarjana kare che. A saMdarbhe vicAratAM zilpAkRtio be prakAranI hoI zake : sthApatyanA suzobhana vAstunI ane svataMtra zilpa tarIkenI. ApaNe ethI avagata chIe ke sAmAnyataH pUrvakAlIna bhAratamAM zilpanuM alaga astitva vizeSa pramANamAM jovA maLe che. anukAlamAM e sthApatya sAthe saMlagnita raheluM darzAvAya che. paraMtu gujarAtanA pUrvakAlamAM zilpa sthApatyanA anusaMdhAne A vidhAna pUrNatayA yogya jaNAtuM nathI. bhaumitika AkRtio ane phulavelanI bhAta prAyaH sthApatyanA ke kyAreka mukhya zilpakRtinA suzobhana sAru prayojAya che, kyAreka mAtra pratIka tarIke paNa prayojAya che. dA.ta. svastika. AkRti ane bhAta bAvApyArAnAM zailagRhomAMnI eka oraDInA pravezadvAra upara bhaumitika AkRtio che. AmAM vaccenI traNa AkRti akhaMDita che, jyAre cheDA uparanI baMne aDadhI dezya che, jenI kotaraNI jo ke sarakhI che. madhyamAM kotarelI AkRtinI kotaraNI bhinna che. enI AsapAsanI kotaraNI sarakhI che. A paTTInI uparanI paTTImAMya bhaumitika AkRti kaMDArelI che. cheka upalI paTTImAM aSTakoNIya kotaraNIyukta bAra AkRti che. uparakoTanAM zailagRhonA upalA tathA nIcalA majale tathA devanI morInA mahAtUpamAM utkIrNa corasa suzobhana bhaumitika AkRtinI yAda Ape che. uparakoTanA snAnakuMDavALA khaMDamAM staMbho ane ardhastaMbho paranA trAMsA paTTa koI bhAtano khyAla Ape che. A staMbhonI beThakanA aSTakoNa bhAga upara velapAnanI bhAta jevI AkRti che. nIcalA majalAnA staMbhonI beThaka upara suMdara ane jhINI kotaraNIyukta patravallIonI bhAta suMdara dazya rajU kare che. padArtha ane pratIka bAvA-pyArAnAM zailagRhomAM be jagyAe padArtha ane pratIka jovAM prApta thAya che, jemAM mInayugala, kuMbha, svastika, darpaNa, bhadrAsana vagereno samAveza thaI zake. ahIM kuMbha ane darpaNa padArtha ane pratIka ubhaya tarIke pradarzita thayAM che. uparakoTanAM zailagRhomAM ke anyatra padArtha pratIka jovA maLatAM nathI. prANI-AkAra kSatrapakAlIna zilpamAM prANIonA AkAra sau prathama bAvApyArAnAM ane uparakoTanAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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328 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zailagRhomAM staMbha-suzobhana aMge jovA maLe che. A prakAre prANI-AkRtio kaMDAravAno hetu kArlA, beDasA ane nAsikanI guphAomAM kotarelAM prANI-zilpo jevo hoya ema samajAya che. A baMne guphAomAM mukhyatve siMha-vyAlanI AkRtio vizeSa che. bAvApyArAmAM siMha-vyAlanI aMgasthiti sanmukha che (dA.ta. bIjI haroLanA khullA cokane pharatI guphAomAMnI pUrvAbhimukha guphAonA staMbha-zIrSamAM). ahIM emanA AgalA paga UbhA che. bhIMto paranA sapaMkha siMhanI AkRtio upasAvelI che. bIjI haroLanA pravezamArganI baMne bAjU siMha-vyAlanuM ekeka mukha che. A badhI AkRti khUba ja ghasAyelI hovAthI vizeSa varNana zakya nathI. uparakoTanA nIcalA majalAnA goLa staMbhanA corasa zIrSa upara paNa siMha-vyAlanI AkRtio spaSTa jovI prApta thAya che. AmAM emanI aMgasthiti bhinna prakAranI che. ahIM cAra khUNA upara cAra siMha beThelA che, je darekane vacce ekeka mukha ane be bAjue babbe zarIra che. corasa zikharanI pratyeka bAjunI madhyamAM arthAta uparyukta siMhonA zarIranI vacce sanmukha aMgasthitivALA siMhanI cAra AkRti paNa che. A majalAnA madhyamAM AvelA cAreya staMbhanA zIrSa upara A pramANe siMhanI AkRtio najare paDe che. enAM mukha baMdha hoI emanA dAMta ke jIbhanuM varNana muzkela che. emanI kezavALIya dekhAtI nathI. mAtra TUMkA ane UbhA evA be kAna jovA maLe che. be zarIrayukta siMhonI kezavALI spaSTa najare paDe che. emanA kAna paNa spaSTa rIte dazya che. A badhA siMha beThelA che. emanI mukhamudrA zAMta ane gaMbhIra che. bAvApyArAmAM bIjI haroLanI eka guphAnA staMbha uparanI AkRti azvanI hoya ema dekhAya che. enI pITha upara mANasa beThelo jovA maLe che. enA hAthamAM lagAma jevuM jaNAya che. paraMtu barjesa vagere vidvAnoe A AkRtinI noMdha lIdhI nathI. ahIM A bAbate pahelaprathama nirdeza A graMthalekhake karyo che. AnI bAjunA pravezadvAranA staMbhazIrSa upara, azokanA staMbha uparanA zIrSanI jema paraMtu thoDI phera aMgasthiti dharAvanAra ane bIjAnI pIThane aDIne beThelA traNa siMha-vyAlanI AkRti jovA maLe che, jemAMnA vaccenAno AkAra sanmukha che ane zeSa benuM mukha bAju upara che. traNeyanA AgalA baMne paganA paMjA addhara rAkhelA dekhAya che. uparakoTamAM nIcalA majalAnA vizALa khaMDanA pazcimottara bhAgamAM sthita be staMbhanA zIrSanA daMDane aDelA goLa bhAga uparanI AkRtio meSa-vyAla hovAno abhiprAya che10. emanI aMgasthiti sanmukha che. corasa zIrSamAMnA bAjunI aMgasthiti dharAvatA siMhavyAlonAM zarIra pIThanA pAchaLanA bhAgamAMthI emanI ulaTI dizAmAM jotAM ekeka prANInI AkRti najare paDe che, paNa te kyA prANInI che te kahI zakAtuM nathI. jo ke barjesa vageree AnI noMdha lIdhI nathI. jUnAgaDhanA darabArI saMgrahAlayamAM siMha-vyAlanAM traNa zilpa pradarzita che (juo A graMthamAM citra naMbara 15, 16 ane 17). A siMha-vyAla uparanI kotaraNI UMcA prakAranI che. kezavALInI kotaraNI ane mukhanA bhAva kSatrapa samayanA zilpIonAM kauzalyanAM dyotaka che. kSatrapa rAjAonA sIsA ke tAMbAnA corasa sikkA upara khUMdhayukta vRSabhanI AkRtio jovI prApta thAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa 329 che. A AkRtio dakSiNAbhimukha ane ubhelI sthitimAM dekhAya che. vizeSa vigatonuM varNana zakya nathI. mAnava AkRti A kAlamAM mAnavanI AkRtio sau prathama bAvApyArAmAMthI ane uparakoTamAMthI prApta thaI che. bAvAyArAnI eka guphAnA (Alekha 5, saMjJA B) pravezadvAra zAkhanA baMne staMbhanI uparanI azvAruDha AkRti puruSanI hovAnuM saMbhave. tenA dehAbhUSaNa vize koI varNana thaI zake nahIM eTalI hade e ghasAI gaI che, paNa barjese ApelA phoTA uparathI e alpavastrAcchAdita dekhAya che. uparakoTamAM nIcalA majalAmAM sthita staMbha ane caityavAtAyanamAM mAnavAkRtio moTA pramANamAM jovI saMprApta thAya che. sUkSma nirIkSaNathI e AkRtio bahudhA strInI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. staMbhonI besaNI uparanI keTalIka AkRti puruSanI che. A badhAM zilpa kALabaLanI asarathI ghasAI gayAM hoI vizeSa varNana zakaya nathI. A majalAnA chae cha staMbhanA zIrSanI cheka uparanI corasa paTTImAMnI sanmukha aMgasthitivALI siMhAkRtionI baMne bAju upara vAmana svarUpanA laMgoTadhArI sazakta puruSanI vividhabhaMgIo yukta ekeka AkRti jovI prApta thAya che. A ja staMbhonI besaNInI cheka nIcenI paTTI upara paNa laMgoTadhArI sazakta puruSanI AkRtio che. emanA gaLAmAM koI AbhUSaNa hovAnuM spaSTa dekhAya che. bAvApyArAmAM koI strI-AkRti jovA maLatI nathI. uparakoTamAM enuM pramANa vizeSa che. nIcalA majalAnI uttara, pUrva ane dakSiNanI bhIMtonAM caityagavAkSamAM pratyekamAM babbe strI-AkRti jovA maLe che. emanA deha kaTI sudhInA dekhAya che ane nirvastra che. pUrvakALamAM strInuM uttarAMgavALuM zilpa nirvastra hoya e svAbhAvika gaNAtuM hatuM. A badhI AkRtionI dehasthiti bhinna bhinna prakAranI ane vividha hAvabhAvayukta rIte abhivyakta thaI che. lagabhaga badhI AkRtimAM mastakanI baMne bAjue aMboDA prakAranAM viziSTa zailImAM kezaguMphana karelAM jovAM prApta thAya che. lagabhaga pratyeka strInA aMga upara kaMThAbharaNa, valaya ane bAjubaMdha jevAM AbhUSaNa najare paDe che. uttaranI dIvAlanA prathama caityagavAkSamAMnI DAbI bAjUnI strInA jamaNA hAthamAM darpaNa jevuM koI upakaraNa najare paDe che15. Aja majalAmAMnA staMbhanA zikharo uparanI goLa paTTImAM strIonI UbhelI sthitiyukta AkRtimAMnI keTalIka nirvastra, to keTalIka alpavastrAcchAdita jovA maLe che. AmAMnI keTalIkanAM mastaka upara aMboDA prakAranAM kezaguMphananAM dazya jovA maLe che, to keTalIkanAM mastaka upara koIka prakAranAM vastranAM AvaraNa najare paDe che. A badhI AkRtinI UbhA rahevAnI chaTA ane laDhaNamAM kaMIne kaMI vaividhya mAlUma paDe che. AbhUSaNamAM kaMThAbharaNa ane aganAM valaya sivAya anya ghareNAM dekhAtAM nathI. A badhI strIAkRtimAM eka darpaNakanyA ane eka nRtyAMganA jevA AkAra najare paDe che. kSatrapa rAjAonAM cAMdInA sikkAnA agrabhAga uparanI rAjAnI mukhAkRtinuM varNana ahIM jarUrI che. A mukhAkRti dakSiNAbhimukha ane pArzvadarzananI che. A badhI ja AkRti puruSanI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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330 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta AkRtinA mastaka upara lokhaMDI TopanA AkAranuM zirastrANa che. kadAca IrAnIo mAthe bAMdhe che tevA prakAranuM koI zirovastra hoI zake. nahapAnanA sikkA uparanI mukhAkRtinA mAthe pAghaDI mUkelI jovI prApta thAya che. A rAjAonA vALa lAMbA, vAMkoDiyA ane suMdara rIte hoLelA che. emanI lAMbI ane gAla upara vIMchInA pUchaDAnI jema vaLelI vAMkI mUcha AkarSaka dekhAya che. kAna pAsenA gAla upara laMbAyelA pahoLA ane jADA thobhiyA emanAM vIratvamAM umero kare che. kAnamAM kuMDala prakAranuM ghareNuM dhAraNa kareluM che. popaTanI cAMca jevuM upasAveluM nAka, visphArita nayana, bhramaranI surekhatA tathA oSThadvayanI spaSTa upaselI rekhAo kotarakalAnA suMdara namUnAono spaSTa khyAla Ape che. kaMThane pharatI suzobhita paTTI emanA IrAnI DhabanA lAMbA koTanI gaLApaTTI hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. kaMThanI nIceno bhAga, sikkAnA kadanI maryAdAne kAraNe, kaMDArelo nA hoI A bAbate vizeSa anumAna tAravavuM muzkela che. gaI sadInA uttarArdhamAM jAmakhaMbhALiyA (jAmanagara jillo) najIka AvelA kAkAnI siMhaNa gAmethI eka mukhAkRti hAtha lAgI hatI. e zilpa kharatA paththaranuM che. te kSatrapakAlIna hovAno abhiprAya che 7. 6 X 5.3 X 8.4 seMTImITaranuM kada dharAvatI A mukhAkRti narI AMkhe jovAthI moTI hovAno bhAsa thAya che. suzobhanayukta besaNI upara A mukhAkRti sthita che. besaNInA uparanA sapATa bhAga upara maNakAnI mALA jevuM ghareNuM kaMDAreluM jovA maLe che (juo citra 11). prastuta citramAM kadAca A mALA jovAtI nathI, paraMtu mULa kRtine narI AMkhe jovAthI mALAnuM Alekhana spaSTa dekhAya che. lAMbA kAnamAM kuMDala jevuM ghareNuM che. mAthA upara pAghaDI jevuM jaNAya che. pAghaDI upara besaNI jevI kotaraNInAM suzobhana che. pahelI najare A mukhAkRti kSatrapa sikkAmAMnI mukhAkRti hovAno bhrama upasthita thAya che. paraMtu sUkSma nirIkSaNathI ubhaya vaccenI bhinnatA spaSTa thAya che. A mukhAkRtinAM popacAM-bhramaranuM surekha Alekhana mathurAnI kuSANakAlIna kaLA jevI jaNAya che. tethI A mukhAkRti gujarAtanI kSatrapakAlIna zilpakaLA upara sAro evo prakAza pAthare che. A mukhAkRti IsvInI bIjI sadInI che. devadevIonI pratimA kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM devadevIonI AkRtio pahelavahelI DhaMkagirimAMthI moTI saMkhyAmAM hAthavagI thaI che. uparakoTanI guphAmAM prANI-mAnava-AkRtio che paNa devIdevatAnI nathI. ethI, UlaTuM DhaMkagirimAM devadevInI pratimA che ane prANI ke mAnavakRti AkRti nathI. jaina pratimA DhaMkagirinI upalabdha mUrtio bauddha hovAnI kalpanA barjese vyakta karelI. to te badhI jaina tIrthakaronI che ema sAMkaLiyAe pratipAdita karyuM che. mUrtiomAM AdinAtha RSabhadeva, soLamAM tIrthakara zAMtinAtha, tevIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha, covIsamA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vagereno samAveza thAya che. DuMgaranA nIcANavALA bhAga uparanI eka oraDImAM paththaranI traNa beThaka che : eka pravezadvAranI sAme, bIjI be DAbe-jamaNe che. A beThako upara AdinAthanI pratimA kaMDArelI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa 331 DAbe-jamaNe AvelI beThaka upara ekeka mUrti padmAsanastha sthitimAM ane nagna che. te TaTAra ane sthira che. hAtha yogamudrAmAM che. ADI traNa rekhAothI mastaka upara chatrItrayano AkAra abhivyakta thayelo che. temanI ubhaya bAjue cAmaradhAriNI ane temanI upara vidyAdharonI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. pravezadvAranI sanmukhanI beThaka uparanI AkRti siMhAsanastha che. tenA hAtha yogamudrAmAM che. AkRtinI ubhaya paDakhe cAmaradhAriNIo sthita che. A traNeya pratimA lAMchananA abhAve karIne kayA tIrthaMkaranI che te spaSTa thatuM nathI. jo ke sAMkaLiyA emane AdinAtha tarIke oLakhAve che. khaDakanI uparanA bhAge AchuM upasAveluM zilpa to spaSTataH AdinAthanuM che je kAyotsarga sthitimAM che. enA kAnanI bUTa ghaNI lAMbI che. A zilpanA gUMcaLAMvALA keza khabhA sudhI vistarelA che. AdinAthanI pratimAnI joDAjoDa padmAsanastha mUrti nirvastra che ane tenA hAtha yogamudrAyukta che. emanA siMhAsananI vacce mRganuM lAMchana ane cakra che. A pratimAnA baMne cheDA upara ekeka siMha AruDha che. pratimAnI upara chatratrayI che ane tenI baMne bAjue cAmaradhAriNI che. soLamA tIrthaMkara zAMtinAthanI A pratimA che. sahuthI spaSTa ane surekha pratimA che pArzvanAthanI. te kAyotsarga sthitimAM che. pratimAnI pAchaLanA bhAge phaNA dhAraNa karIne UbhelA sarpanA gUMcaLAMnI adbhuta vizeSatA khAsa dhyAnArya che. A uparAMta anya keTalIka pratimA paNa ahIM kaMDArelI jovI prApta thAya che; paraMtu abhijJAnano khyAla ApanAra lAMchananA abhAve karIne te badhI pratimA kayA kayA tIrthakaranI che te kahevuM muzkela che. A tamAma mUrti nirvastra che. DhaMkagirinI anya pratimAmAM tIrthakaro sAthe saMlagnita parivAra devatAonI ane gauNa AkRtiomAM noMdhapAtra AkRti che DAbA ghUMTaNa upara besADelA bALaka sAthenI strInI. enI jamaNI koNI enA jamaNA paganA ghUMTaNa upara mUkelI che. mUrtino A hAtha uttara tarapha Ubho che. enA kuMDala bharAvadAra che. mUrtinA vALamAMthI pasAra thatuM AbhUSaNa sarpAkAra 'che. jaina pratimA vidhAnamAM sAmAnyataH aMbikAnI mUrti bALaka sAthe kaMDArelI dekhAya che. tethI ahIM je strIAkRti che te aMbikAnI hovI joIe. bauddha pratimA kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAMthI bauddhaguphAo upalabdha thaI che, paraMtu emAMthI bauddhapratimA hAtha lAgI nathI. A samayanA gujarAtamAM buddhanI mUrtio pahelavahelI devanI morInA mahAtUpamAMthI ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM saMprApta thaI che. te badhI ja pratimA pakavelI mATInI che. Alekhana zailI ane zilpavidhAnanI dRSTie devanI morInI bauddha pratimA zreSTha che. devanI morInA mahAtRpanI bIjI pIThikAmAMnA gavAkSamAMthI A pratimA hAthavagI thaI che. staMbhanA caNatara vaDe UbhA karAyelA A gavAkSamAM ekAMtare bhagavAna buddhanI dhyAnastha mUrtio prasthApita karelI hatI. ApaNe avalokI gayA tema cAre bAjunI badhI maLIne 20 pratimA hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. A badhAMnI UMcAI 62 seMTImITara ane pahoLAI 34 seMTImITaranI che. 6 thI 8 seMTImITarI UMcI mATInI beThaka upara A pratimA besADelI che. beThaka upara kamaLa-pAMkhaDInI suMdara bhAta upasAvelI che. A pratimAonI suMdara vezabhUSA tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta mukhAkRtinI racanA gaMdhAra zailIne abhivyakta kare che. ahIMnAM anya suzobhana paNa A ja zailInAM che. mATImAMthI nirmANa karelI, mATInAM phalakanI pazcAdabhU upara upasAvelI, kaMDArelI ane pachI pakavelI buddhanI A dhyAnastha pratimA, pradakSiNApatha upara pharatA upAsako tathA zramaNonI daSTi jJAna, anukaMpA ane kAruNyanA prabhAvanidhisama samyapha saMbuddha tathAgata bhagavAna upara pratyakSa rahe tevI rIte gokhamAM goThavelI hatI : jJAnAnuAirukhya pramAnidhanama: satsaMvRddha. eka sarakhI UMcAInI A badhI pratimA dUrathI samAna zailInI jaNAya, paNa sUkSma nirIkSaNathI sUcita thAya che ke emAM kalAkAroe vastro, Asana, dehayaSTi vagerenuM sucAru vaividhya darzAvyuM che. bhagavAna buddhanuM uttarIya keTalIka pratimAmAM beu khabhA ane ane hAthane DhAMkI aMga upara dhAraNa kareluM che, to keTalIkamAM jamaNo hAtha ane khabho khullA darzAvAyA che. prathama prakAramAMnA vastranI Dhaba gaMdhArakaLAmAM pracalita che. uttarIyamAMnI karacalIo judI judI pratimAmAM vibhinna paddhatithI abhivyakta thaI che : keTalIkamAM utkIrNa karelI bevaDI rekhAthI, koImAM upasAvelI rekhAthI vagere. mastaka uparanA vALa dakSiNAvarta nAnAM gUMcaLAMmAM darzAvelA che, to keTalIkamAM te UbhA hoLelA che. badhI mukhAkRti paNa bhinna bhinna rIte vyakta thayelI che. AmAMnI keTalIka mukhAkRti anukAlIna buddhapratimAnI yAda Ape che, to anya keTalIka mathurAnI kuSANakAlIna pratimA jevI che. keTalIka mUrtinA mastaka upara uSNISano AkAra che, to keTalIkamAM teno abhAva che. mahAtUpanA peTALamAMthI zailasamugaka uparanI buddhanI pUrvAbhimukha pratimA paNa badhI rIte uparyukta pratimAo sAthe sAmya dharAve che". , mATImAMthI bhagavAna buddhanI nirmANa pAmelI A badhI pratimA khasUsa darzAve che ke ahIMnA kalAkAroe emanI kalAkauzalanAM zreSThatama sopAna siddha karyA che. zilpakaLAnA A namUnA cothI sadInA uttarArdhathI vadhu pUrvakAlIna jaNAtA nathI. gujarAtamAM kSatrapa kAlanA aMtabhAgamAM nirmANa thayelI A kRtio lalitakalAnA abhyadayanuM suMdara ane sucAru tathA manahara-manabhara citra rajU kare che. gujarAtamAM Ama AgavI zilpakalA vikAsa pAmI zakI che e ghaTanA ja dhyAnArha che. mATImAMthI mUrtio ane sthApatya-zilpanAM anya aMgo sarjavAnI kaLA ApaNane mugdha kare che. prAku-guptakALanI A pazcimI kalAzailI gurjarakalAnA AgavA abhigamanI ghAtaka che. hindu pratimA kSatrapakAlIna zailagRhomAMthI hindu pratimAo hAtha lAgI nathI. eTale zAmaLAjI AsapAsamAMthI saMprApta thayelI pratimA gujarAtanI sau prathama hindu pratimAo hovA saMbhava che. AthI, prastuta pRthakRta varNana A mUrtione anulakSIne che. paraMtu gaI sadInA chaThThA dAyakA daramyAna kaccha vistAranA dolatapara gAmethI saMprApta thayeluM ane vartamAne vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlaya-citrAlayamAM surakSita evuM eka mukhazilpa saMbhavataH gujarAtamAMnI upalabdha hindu-pratimAomAM sahuthI pUrvasamayanuM hovAnuM kahI zakAya tema che; kema For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa 333 ke zAmaLAjInA parisaramAMnI badhI hindu-pratimA kSatrapakALanA aMta bhAganI hovAnuM maMtavya umAkAMta zAhanuM che". dolataparanI A mukhAkRti 5.5 seMTImITara UMcI ane 6 seMTImITara pahoLI che. eno sahuthI vadhu AkarSaka bhAga che TopIghATano suzobhita mukuTa. A prakAranA alaMkaraNayukta mukuTa sAthenI A mukhAkRti gujarAtamAM sahuthI pUrvakAlIna hovAnuM zAhanuM maMtavya che. A mukhAkRtinAM cakSu taddana khullAM che ane pAMpaNa jarA paNa DhaLelI nathI. mukuTanA madhyamAM jamaNI tarapha pArzvadarzana DhabanuM AkarSaka evuM eka cakra che, je viSNunA cakranI ke sUryanA rathacakranI yAda apAve che te kahevuM muzkela che. paNa A mukuTanI baMne bAjU upara pASANanI pahoLI paTTI javALAo hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. AthI, saMbhavataH A zilpa sUryanuM hovuM joIe. paraMtu umAkAMta zAha dolataparanI prastuta mukhAkRtine A baMne sthaLethI upalabdha mukhAkRti karatAM purANI che evo mata vyakta karI enuM samayAMkana IsunI bIjI-trIjI sadInuM darzAve che. zAmaLAjImAMthI gaNezanI eka mUrti hAthalAgI che. A pratimA UbhelI sthitimAM che. ane te vartamAne vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlaya-citrAlayamAM surakSita che. 87 seMTImITara UMcI ane 47 seMTImITara pahoLI A mUrtinA baMne hAtha khaMDita che. enI dehayaSTi bharAvadAra ane ghATIlI che. eNe paridhAna karelI dhotInI karacalI khUba spaSTa ane gaNI zakAya tevI rIte kaMDArelI che. pATalI paNa suzobhita ane viziSTa prakAranI che. baMne pratimAnA pagamAM AbhUSaNo zobhe che. mastaka uparanuM ghareNuM suMdara ane alaMkRta che. gaNezanI DAbe ThIMgaNo anucara che. gaMdhAra kalAnI asara ahIM spaSTa rIte vartAya che. pArevA paththaramAMthI ghaDAvelI A mUrti kSatrapa kAlanA aMta samayanI arthAt IsvInI cothI sadInA cothA caraNanI hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. mAtA ane bALakanI saMyukta mUrti paNa zAmaLAjImAMthI maLI che je paNa vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM che. mAtAnI AkRti uttarAMgavALI ane bALakanI AkRti ApI che. pArevA paththaramAMthI nirmAyelI A mUrti 39 seMTImITara UMcI ane 37 seMTImITara pahoLI che. mAtAnA kezanI gUMthaNI, mastaka uparanuM alaMkRta AbhUSaNa, kaMThAbharaNa, visphArita nayana, sudaDha bAMdho, bAjubaMdha, valaya vagere zaNagAra A mUrtinAM noMdhapAtra lakSaNa che. gaNezanI samakAlIna A mUrti hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. A pratimA khaMDita hoI mULamAM saptamAtRkA penalamAMno bhAga hovo joIela. uparyukta baMne pratimAnI samakAlIna evI eka mUrti bhinnamALamAMthI maLI AvI che, je viSNunI hovAnuM maMtavya prakaTa thayuM che. A mUrti paNa vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che. A pratimAnA mukuTanI racanA ane mukhanuM sarjana uparyukta dolataparanI sUryanI mukhAkRti sAthe sarakhAvavA yogya che. A viSNamUrtino mukuTa UMcAImAM thoDo nAno che. A sivAya anya badhI rIte A mUrti zAmaLAjI ane dolataparanI mukhAkRtinI lAkSaNika vizeSatA aMke karelI jaNAya che. vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita evI pakvamRttikAmAMthI nirmANa karAyelI mAtAjInI eka pratimA paNa zAmaLAjInI che. khaMDita avasthAvALI A pratimAnA DAbA paganI UbhI sthiti noMdhapAtra che, jyAre jamaNo paga nAza pAmelo che. mathurAmAMthI prApta jaina sarasvatInI mUrti sAthe A mUrti ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. kaTivastranI karacalIo dhyAnArha che. nAza pAmelA For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta hAthavALI A mUrtinA ghaDanI UMcAI 21 seMTImITara ane pahoLAI 20 seMTImITara che. ahIMthI, bhIlakanyAnA svarUpe pArvatInI eka pratimA maLI che, je paNa vaDodarAmAM che 41 seMTImITara UMcI ane 8 seMTImITara pahoLAInI A pratimA lagabhaga akhaMDita che ane UbhelI avasthAmAM che. jo ke DAbo hAtha chekathI eTale khabhAmAMthI nAza pAmelo che. jamaNo hAtha kaTi avalaMbita che. pratimAno UbhA rahevAno maroDa bhaMga mudrAno che. kezaguMphana AkarSaka che. kaTi nIcenuM vastra karacalIyukta che. pratimAnA pagamAM jhAMjhara che. AMkha ane mukhanA bhAva AkarSaka che. samagra pratimA khUba suMdara che. cothI sadInA aMtamAM A pratimA nirmAI hovI joIe. zAmaLAjImAMthI A uparAMta saptamAtRkAo paikInI be mAtRkAnI pratimA upalabdha thaI che; AmAM eka mAhezvaranI che ane bIjI AgneyInI che. A baMne pratimA vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita-pradarzita che. mAhezvaranI pratimA pa6 seMTImITara UMcI ane 38 seMTImITara pahoLI che. A pratimAnuM uttarAMga nAza pAmyuM che. DAbA hAthano nIceno bhAga nAnA bALakane AliMgato rahelo jaNAya che. pratimAnI jamaNI paDakhe alaMkRta vRSabha Avelo che. AgneyInI pratimA 47 seMTImITara UMcI ane 36 seMTImITara pahoLI che. A mUrtino kaTi uparano bhAga vinAza pAmelo che. A pratimAnI pAchaLa bakaro Ubhelo che. te agninuM vAhana hoI A pratimA AgneyI kahevAya che. paganI AMTI ane zarIrano vaLAMka noMdhapAtra che. A baMne pratimA IsunI cothI sadInA aMtabhAganI che. uparyukta pratimAnAM vastronI sarpAkAra karacalIo ane temanuM jhUlatApaNuM grIsa-romanAM zilponAM A prakAranAM vastro sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. A videzI asara ApaNA dezamAM grIka-pallava-zaka-zAsako sAthe AvI hovI joIe. A zilponAM Alekhana ane vastronI vaividhyapUrNa karacalIo uparathI te kSatrapakAlanAM 5, khAsa karIne cothI sadInA cothA caraNanAM hovAnuM saMbhave che. aMkhaDita ane UbhI avasthAmAM rahelI cAmuMDAnI eka pratimA paNa zAmaLAjImAMthI hAtha lAgI che ane vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. pArevA paththaramAMthI ghaDAyelI A mUrtinI beThaka sAthenI UMcAI 1.2 mITaranI che, ane pahoLAI 41 seMTImITaranI che. A pratimA caturbhujAyukta che. eka jamaNA hAthamAM trizULa spaSTa dekhAya che. paNa bIjA jamaNA hAthamAMnI vastu spaSTa rIte oLakhAtI nathI. enA eka DAbA hAthamAM mastaka jovuM prApta thAya che. to bIjA DAbA hAthamAM DamaruM dhAraNa kareluM che. AkhAya zarIranA aMgabhaMga viziSTa che. mUrtinA mastaka uparanA ane pagamAMnA alaMkAra dhyAnayogya che. A pratimAno samaya cothI sadInA aMtano che. zAmaLAjInA parisaramAMthI prApta thayeluM zivanuM uttarAMga ane zivanI UbhI mUrtinuM kaTi heThaLanuM zilpa eka ja pratimAnA be bhAga hovAnuM sUcavAya che. A baMne bhAgane sAMdhIne banAveluM saMpUrNa zilpa hAla vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che. samagra pratimAnI saMpUrNa UMcAI 1.12 mITara jeTalI ane pahoLAI 49 seMTImITaranI che. A mUrtino jamaNo hAtha nathI. enA DAbA hAthano koNI sudhIno bhAga surakSita che, jenA upara bAjubaMdha prakAranuM ghareNuM dekhAya che. kaMThanuM For Personal & Private Use Only

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335 prakaraNa vIsa ekAvali AbhUSaNa ane khabhA sudhI phelAyelI ke prasarelI jaTA tema ja alaMkRta mukuTa noMdhapAtra che. karacalIyukta dhotI dhAraNa karelI che je pratimAnA samagra sauMdaryamAM vRddhi kare che. alaMkRta pATalI ane teno aNizuddha cheDo tathA kamarabaMdha tema ja enA AmaLA AkarSaka che. pratimAnI baMne bAju vAmananI savastra AkRti sthita che. emanI pachavADe alaMkRta mastakayukta vRSabha che. AkhI pratimA kalAno suMdara ane manohara namUno che. A pratimAnuM samayAMkana IsunI cothI sadInuM sUcavAyuM che. vAhananI anupasthitine kAraNe nAmakaraNa nA thaI zake evI mAtRkAnI eka pratimA paNa zAmaLAjInA parisaramAMthI prApta thaI che. A mUrtino DAbo hAtha khaMDita che. te sivAya A . pratimA AkhI ane UbhelI avasthAmAM che. samagra pratimA 61 seMTImITara UMcI che ane enI pahoLAI 26 seMTImITaranI che. mUrtino jamaNo hAtha kaTi avalaMbita che, je enI pUrvakAlInatAnuM ghAtaka che. enA jamaNA khabhA uparathI jhUlatuM vastra kAMDA pAsethI pasAra thaI cheka paga sudhI pahoMce che. kaTinA nIcenA vastranI karacalIo ane paganuM AbhUSaNa noMdhavA yogya che. pratimAnI kamara uparano alaMkAra lAkSaNika che. kaMThAbharaNa ane kezaguMphana A pratimAnAM ullekhanIya lakSaNa che. pratimAnI DAbI tarapha sudaDha zarIrayukta vAmananI AkRti che. gaMdhArakalAnAM lakSaNo A- mAtRkAmAM abhivyakta thAya che. A mAtRkAno samaya IsunI cothI sadInA aMtano sUcavAyo che. oLakhI zakAya nahIM evI bIjI be pratimA, je mAtRkAonI che, paNa zAmaLAjImAMthI hAtha lAgI che. baMne mUrti akhaMDita che ane UbhelI avasthAmAM che. koI noMdhapAtra vizeSatA A baMne pratimAmAM nathI. samayanI dRSTie teo IsunI cothI-pAMcamI sadInI hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. A pratimAya vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che9. zAmaLAjImAMthI kumAra(skaMda)nuM eka suMdara zilpa hAthavaguM thayuM che. surakSita rIte sArI avasthAmAM saMprApta A pratimA UbhI che ane akhaMDita che. enI UMcAI 90 seMTImITara ane pahoLAI 36 seMTImITaranI che. pratimAno jamaNo hAtha koNI pAsethI upara tarapha vaLelo che ane hAthamAM devanI UMcAI jeTalo lAMbo zaktidaMDa che. eno DAbo hAtha nIce tarapha jhUkelo che. te hAthamAM kukaDo dhAraNa karelo che. pratimAe dhAraNa karelI dhotInI karacalI, enI alaMkRta pATalI ane kamarabaMdhanI dhotInA AmaLAnI vizeSatA tathA alaMkRta mukuTa, bAjubaMdha ane kaMThAbharaNa jevAM AbhUSaNa AkarSaka ane manohara che ane tethI dhyAnArya che. A pratimA vastrAlaMkAra bAbate gaMdhArakalAnI asarathI yukta che. samayAMkananI dRSTie A pratimA kSatraponA zAsana samayanA aMta samayanI eTale ke IsvInI cothI sadInA aMtabhAganI hovAnuM sUcavAyuM chedeg. mastaka vinAnI ane mAtra ghUMTaNa sudhInI zivanI traNa pratimA paNa ahIMthI hAtha lAgI che. A traNeya mUrtinA hAtha nAza pAmelA che. paraMtu khabhAnI bAjumAM AvelAM kANAMne kAraNe sUcavAya che ke saMbhavataH A traNeyanA hAtha pachIthI joDavAmAM AvyA haze. AmAMthI be pratimAnA jamaNA sAthaLa uparanAM nAnAM kANAM ane eka pratimAnA DAbA sAthaLa uparanuM moTuM kANuM paNa AvuM koI iMgita kare che. pratimA upavastra vihoNI che. emanAM dhotInI karacalI, AmaLAyukta For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 336 kamarabaMdha ane suzobhita pATalI A pratimAono samaya IsunI cothI sadInA aMtabhAgano hovAnuM sUcita kare che41. kheDabrahmAmAMthI Azare 1.35 seMTImITa2 UMcuM vizALa evuM ekamukhI eka zivaliMga maLyuM che, je paNa vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM che. zivaliMganA gaLAmAMno hAra purANo jaNAya che. enI AMkho khullI che, je kSatrapakAlIna zilponI vizeSatA che. A zivamukha mathurAnAM kuSANakAlIna zilponI smaraNayAtrA karAve che. kheDabrahmAmAMthI kSatrapa samayanI IMTo hAthavagI thatI hoI tathA tenAM nayana visphArita hoI A pratimA paNa kSatrapakAlanI hovAnuM sUcavI zakAyara. zAmaLAjInA vizALa parisaramAMthI liMgayukta IMTerI pIThavALAM zaivamaMdironA ghaNA avazeSa maLyA che. saMbhavataH mAtRkAo ane nAgaNonI pASANa-pratimAno ahIMthI prApta eka samUha vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM sthita che. emano samaya IsvIpUrvanI pahelI sadIthI IsunI bIjI sadI sudhIno aMdAjI zakAya. DAMga vistAranA AhavAmAMthI eka nAnuM zilpa hAtha lAgyuM che, je khaMDita che ane jenAM phakta mAthuM ane ghaDanA thoDA bhAga tema ja jamaNo hAtha ane DAbA hAthano thoDo bhAga astitva dharAve che. zilpanA hAthamAM ghaNI baMgaDI jovI prApta thAya che. enA vakSasthalano bhAga tUTelo che. eno jamaNo hAtha koNImAMthI UMce tarapha vaLelo che ane hAthamAM kamaLa dhAraNa kareluM che. enuM mukhAraviMda suMdara ane bharAvadAra che. kArla ane aerInAM kSatrapakAlIna zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAvatAM A zilpanuM samayAMkana IsunI bIjI sadInuM sUcavAyuM che. A zilpa koI devI ke yakSiNInuM hovuM joIe". surata jillAnA tena gAmethI nAnI ane khaMDita evI eka pratimA maLI che je dolataparanI mukhAkRti ane bhinnamAlanI viSNumUrti sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tema hoI kSatrapakAlanI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. A pratimAno TopIghATano mukuTa vadhAre UMco che. pratimAnA DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha che ane kaMThe hAMsaDI che5. vaDanagaramAMthI Akasmika rIte hAtha lAgelAM traNa zilpo atre prastuta che : (1) 1992mAM vaDanagaranA ghAMsakoLa daravAjethI be kilomITaranA aMtare AvelA khetaramAMthI eka arjita mukhaliMga hAtha lAgyuM hatuM. pArevA paththaramAMthI kaMDAreluM A mukhaliMga thoDuMka khaMDita che. kezaracanA ane padakayukta mALAthI zobhita A mukhaliMganI samagra UMcAI 1.42 seMTImITaranI che. (2) hATakezvara mahAdevanA prAMgaNamAMthI sImenTathI acala sthitimAM raheluM eka khaMDita zilpa jovuM prApta thAya che. pArevA pASANamAMthI ghaDAyeluM A zilpa paryaMkAsanastha devanuM che ane UMcAI upara sthita che. A zilpa samagratayA suMdara che. zilpanA baMne hastanI sthitinAM darzana saMbhavataH tene sUryapratimA hovAnuM sUcita kare che. (3) ghAMsakoLa daravAjethI aDadho kilomITaranA aMtare naiRtyamAM AvelA eka kheta2mAMthI 1992mAM bodhisatvanI salekha pratimA hAtha lAgI hatI. rAtA paththaramAMthI nirmAyeluM A zilpa jaTAdhArI ane padmAsanastha che. pIThikAnA padmAsana upara lakhANa che je be paMktimAM agiyAra zabdothI yukta che. lipi brAhmI che ane bhASA pAli che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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337 prakaraNa vIsa zilpanI baMne bAjue cAmaradhAriNInI AkRti sthita che. pratimAnuM prabhAmaMDaLa AkarSaka che. pIThikAnI heThaLa baMne bAjue vimukha siMhanAM aMkana darzAvelAM che. samagratayA A pratimA dhyAnArha che. ane gurjara zilpakaLAnI samRddhimAM noMdhapAtra gaNI zakAya evI A pratimA arjita che. A traNeya zilpa kSatrapa samayanAM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. anya keTalAMka prakIrNa zilponAM avalokana paMkhIdarzana tarIke karIzuM. AhavA (DAMga)mAMthI viSNunI khaMDita evI eka laghumUrti maLI che. mUrtinA avaziSTa bhAgathI kadAca te devI ke yakSiNInI mUrti paNa hoya. Ama to A pratimA suMdara che ane te IsvInI bIjI-trIjI sadInI hovAno mata che * zAmaLAjImAMthI devo ke yakSonI pAMca pratimA prApta thaI che je badhI kSatrapakAlIna hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. * pAMcamI sadInA prAraMbhanuM eka anya zilpa zAmaLAjImAMthI hAthavaguM thayuM che je yakSa athavA bodhisatvanuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. * A sthaLethI kSatrapakAlanA aMta samayanI kArtikeyanI keTalIka pratimA hAthalAgI che. * cothA saikAnA aMtabhAganI naMdIne aDhelIne UbhelI eka zivamUrti zAmaLAjImAMthI maLI che. A pratimAno kamarabaMdha noMdhapAtra che. * bhinnamAlamAMthI prApta vAsudeva(viSNu)nI, valabhImAMnI mahiSamardinInI ane zAmaLAjImAMnI kArtikeyanI pratimA jevI mUrtiomAM Avo kamarabaMdha jovA maLe che. * bhUtapUrva IDara saMsthAnanA zAmaLAjI, TiMToI ane copAsanA pradezamAMthI pArevA paththaramAMthI nirmANa pAmelo zilpasamUha agAu je hiMmatanagara saMgrahAlayamAM sthita hato te have vaDodarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. A badhI pratimA IsvI 400nI AsapAsanI che. * zAmaLAjImAMthI pAMcamA saikAnI eka zaiva pratimA prApta thaI che. * ahIMthI dvibhuja kArtikeyanuM eka zilpa hAtha lAgyuM che je have vaDodarA saMgrahAlayamAM sthita che. A mUrti cothA saikAnI hovAnuM darzAvAya che. * zAmaLAjImAMthI dvibhuja gaNezanI eka pratimA maLI che je cothI sadInI hoI zake. * ahIMthI pAMcamI sadInA prathama caraNanI kArtikeyanI eka mUrti hAtha lAgI che je gujarAta rAjaya purAtattva khAtAnI kacerImAM sacavAyelI che. A pratimA manohara che. * gopanA maMdiranA zikhara uparanA eka gavAkSamAM gaNezanI eka mUrti jovI prApta thAya che. A zilpa ardhaparyakAsanastha che. * zAmaLAjImAMthI A samayanI dvibhuja sUryanI eka pratimA hAtha lAgI che. * DAMga jillAnA vaghaI gAmethI nRsiMhanI eka mUrti maLI che je saMbhavataH guptakAlanA aMta samayanI hovAno mata che. * hAla ma.sa.vizvavidyAlayanA purAvastuvidyAnA vibhAgamAM saMgRhIta ane vAghajIpurAmAMthI (zaherA, paMcamahAla) prApta viSNu-vAsudevanI pratimA kSatrapakAlanA aMta samayanI hovAnuM jaNAya che. tenAmAMthI maLelI viSNunI mUrti jevI A pratimA che. * pAlIkhaMDA (zaherA, paMcamahAla) gAmethI keTalIka pratimA hAtha lAgI che, jemAM viSNu, gajalakSmI, zivapArvatI, kubera, hAritI, sUrya, saptamAtRkAono samAveza thAya che. * hamaNAM sudhI apragaTa ane pI.pI.davenA aMgata saMgrahamAM surakSita ane pArevA paththaramAMthI kaMDArAyelI zivapratimA trIjI sadInA aMta samayanI ke cothI sadInA prAraMbhanI hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. A pratimAnuM prAptisthAna ajJAta che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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336 upasaMhAra chUTAchavAyAM pratimA-zilponAM uparyukta varNanathI tathA devanI morImAMthI maLelI buddhanI pratimAonI AlekhanazailIthI eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke gujarAtamAM kSatraponA zAsana daramyAna, khAsa karIne cothI sadI daramyAna (eTale ke prA-guptakALamAM) mUrtividhAnanI AgavI kaLAkArIgarI sArI vikAsa pAmI hatI. suMdaratA ane kotaraNInA pariprekSyamAM A badhAM zilpa ekaMdare utkRSTa jovAM prApta thAya che. A pratimAonAM visphArita vizALa nayana, vastromAMnI karacalIo, sudRDha zarIra, kamarabaMdhanA AmaLA tathA aNizuddha pATalI jevAM viziSTa lakSaNo kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM pratimAvidhAnakaLAnAM ghotaka che. saMzliSTa upasaMhAra kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta prakaraNa aDhAra, ogaNIsa ane vIsamAM prastuta vAstukalA, kotarakalA ane mUrtikalAne sparzatI kSatrapakAlanA gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha sAmagrI uparathI spaSTataH kahI zakAya ke ekaMdare A samayanI lalitakaLAno gatizIla vikAsa khUba ja utkRSTa koTino hato ane kramazaH temAM zreSThatAnAM tattvo vRddhi pAmatAM jatAM hatAM. pariNAme kSatrapasamayanI kalA cothI sadInA uttarArdhamAM to eTalI pUrNatA aMke karI zakI hatI ke A kalAnAM lakSaNone 'pazcima bhAratanI zailI' jevuM nAmakaraNa pAThavI zakAya. kaho ke guptakAla pUrve lalitakalAnA kSetre gujarAte eka AgavI kalAzailI nirmANa karI hatI. khAsa karIne zilpakalAnA kSetramAM vastrAlaMkAranI sUkSma ane spaSTa AlekhanazailI A kalAnI mukhya vizeSatA banI rahe che. AvI vikasita kalAnA koI kalAvidanuM ke koI kalAgraMthanuM nAma hAthavaguM thatuM nathI tenuM Azcarya jarUra che. citrakaLA ApaNA dezanA keTalAka pradezamAMthI zailAzrayacitro (kaho ke guphAcitro) hAthavagAM thayAM che; khAsa karIne madhyapradezamAMthI vizALa pAyA upara khaDakacitranA samUha maLyA che. rAjasthAnamAMthI paNa zailacitro prApta thayAM che. paraMtu gujarAta A bAbate adyApi abhAvanI sthitimAM hatuM. paraMtu gaI sadInA sAtamA dAyakAmAM gujarAta rAjya purAtattva khAtAne A bAbate sArI saphaLatA sAMpaDI hatI ane sAbarakAMThA jillAnAM sAMpAvADA, lAloDA, gaMbhIrapurA ane IDaramAMthI guphAcitro hAtha lAgyAM hatAM. A citrono samaya prAgaitihAsikayugathI AraMbhI islAmI zAsana paryaMtano sUcavAyo che. paraMtu ApaNane A graMthanA saMdarbhe sAbarakAMThA jillAnA IDarathI be kilomITaranA aMtare AvelA gaMbhIrapurA gAmethI, rAjya purAtattva khAtAnI rakSita vApInA pArzvabhAge sthita, grenAITanA zailAzrayomAMthI kula nava stUpacitra hAthavagAM thayAM che. A badhAM zailacitro bauddhadharmI hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che49. zailAzraya caudamAMnuM stUpacitra geruraMganI rekhAothI aMkita che. stUpacitranI baMne tarapha AkarSaka chatrayaSTi AkArAyelI che (juo citra ). zailAzraya paMdaramAM be stUpacitra che. AbohavAne kAraNe AkRtio suspaSTa dekhAtI nathI. lAla raMgathI rekhAo aMkita che. bemAMno For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa 339 eka stupa bIjA karatAM thoDo moTo che. chatrayaSTi, harmikA ane caMdrAkAra chatra dhyAnayogya che. (citra) zailAzraya soLamAMthI traNa stUpacitra maLI AvyAM che. AmAMnuM DAbI taraphanuM rekhAcitra aNaghaDa jaNAya che. vacalo sUpa sArI sthitimAM che, jyAre chello sUpa sarvotkRSTa che (citra ). chatranuM Alekhana laMbacorasa che. zailAzraya aDhAra, je iDariyA gaDha javAnA mArge "rUThI rANIno mahela nAmathI oLakhAtA sthaLa pAsenI guphAmAMthI, traNa AkRti jovA maLI che (citra ). sUcitra upara brAhmImAM lakhANa che, je avAcya che mAtra ragasa zabda vaMcAyo che. akSaro cothIpAMcamI sadInA hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. citro lAlaraMgI rekhAothI sohe che. A citromAM pIThikA, harmikA, yaSTiyukta chatrathI suMdara lAge che. A badhAM ja citromAM dhvaja racanA atyaMta suMdara che ane havAmAM laherAtA hoya tema gatizIla che. stUpacitronI zailI ane brAhmI lipinA maroDa uparathI A stUpAkRtio cothI-pAMcamI sadInAM eTale ke kSatrapAlanAM hovAnuM darzAvAyuM che. AthI, A vistAramAM bauddhadharmanA pracAra-prasArano khyAla saMprApta thAya che. pAdanoMdha 1. sAMkaLiyA, A., pRSTha 116. 2. ekAka., paTTa 18, naMbara 2. 3. ejana, paTTa 23, AkRti naMbara 5 ane 6. 4. juo agAu pRSTha 177. 5. A, pRSTha 122. 6. suzobhananA eka aMga tarIke vyAla-AkRtinuM mULa uddabhava sthAna khAnanIya IrAnamAM che (eAnTa inDiyA, pustaka 4, pRSTha 102). saMbhavataH IrAnathI A AkRtinAM Agamana ApaNA dezamAM pUrvakALamAM thayAM hoya. vyAla AkRtinA aneka prakAra che ane mukhabhedathI tenI bhinnatA darzAvAya che. samarAMnA sUtradhAra (prakaraNa 75, zloka 27-28) ane aparAnita pRcchA (prakaraNa 233, zloka 23) graMthamAM bhAlanA soLa AkArano nirdeza che, jemAM mukhyatve siMha, meSa, gaja, azva, vRSabha ane zArdUla vizeSabhAge abhivyakta thayA che. 7. ekAka., paTTa 24 8thI11. ejana, paTTa 18, naMbara 3; paTTa 18, naMbara 2 ane paTTa 24; jamaNo staMbha, pRSTha 143 anukrame. 12. ekAka., paTTa 18, naMbara 3. 13. ejana, paTTa 24. 14, sAMkaLiyA uparakoTamAMnAM mAnavazilpanA zaNagArane sAMcI, mathurA ane amarAvatInA stUpanAM zilpa jevAM alpavastrAcchAdita hovAno abhiprAya vyakta kare che (A), pRSTha 117). 15. ekAka., paTTa 23, AkRti 7. 16. keTalaoNga, paTTa 9, naMbara 243thI 245 ane 249-50. 17. ane 18. jayendra nANAvaTI ane madhusUdana DhAMkI, jaoI., pustaka 10, naMbara 3, 1961, pRSTha 223thI 225 ane pleTa. 19. ekAka., pRSTha 150. A DuMgaranI pAse eka vAva che, je maMjuzrI nAmathI oLakhAya che ane tethI For Personal & Private Use Only

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340 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta barjesa ahIMnI pratimA bauddha hovAnuM darzAve che. 2021. Aga, pRSTha pa3 ane 166 anukrame. 22. RSabhanAthe dIkSA samaye kezalocananI prakriyA vakhate iMdranI vinaMtIthI mastaka pAchaLanA thoDAka keza rahevA dIdhA hatA evI mAnyatA pracalita che. AdinAthanI AvI kezayukta pratimA mathurAmAM ane anyatra jovI prApta thAya che. akoTAmAMthI paNa AvI eka mUrti hAtha lAgI che. 23. pAMcamI sadI pahelAMnI tIrthaMkaranI pratimAomAM vastra valle ja dhAraNa kareluM pratIta thatuM hatuM. UbhI pratimA spaSTataH nagna rajU thatI. beThelI pratimA paNa nirvastra hovA chatAMya temAM nagnatAno bhAva pAmI zakAto na hato,-nathI. tethI arvAcIna mUrtio mukhyataH A avasthAmAM pracalita che. 24. sAMkaLiyA, Aga, pRSTha 167. 25. mahetA ane caudharI, kumAra, saLaMga aMka 471, 1963, pRSTha 96thI. uparAMta juo A lekhakaddayano devanI morInA utnananano sacitra saMpUrNa ahevAla-eskavezana eTa devanI morI. 26. "gujarAtanA kSatrapakAlIna eka zilpanuM mastaka', svAdhyAya, pustaka 5, aMka 2, 1968, pRSTha 196thI 98. citra pUMThA upara darzAvyuM che. 27. ejana, pRSTha 197. jo ke umAkAMta zAha cAra varSa pachI potAnA maMtavyamAM pheraphAra darzAvI A mukhAkRti IsvInI trIjI-cothI sadInI hovAnuM svIkAre che (gurAsAMI., graMtha 2, 1972, pRSTha 392). 28. A ane have pachInI (thoDIka mUrtionA apavAda sivAya) badhI hindu pratimAnAM varNana mATe A lekhake umAkAMta zAhanA skalpacarsa phraoNma zAmaLAjI enDa roDA nAmanA graMthano vizeSa AdhAra lIdho che. gaNezanI pratimA vAste juo prastuta graMtha, pRSTha 119, kramAMka 14, pRSTha 27, citra 14. 29. ejana, pRSTha 41, citra 23 ane pRSTha 121, kramAMka 23. 30. umAkAMta zAha, svAdhyAya, pustaka 5, pRSTha 197 ane uparyukta pRSTha 17 ane 118. 31. jarnala oNva dha yunivarsiTI oNva baoNmba, sapTembara, 1941, pRSTha 198thI, citra 1. 32. pAdanoMdha 28 mujaba, pRSTha 121, kramAMka 24. 33. ejana, pRSTha 43, citra 25 ane pRSTha 122. maMjulAla majamudAra A mUrtine anuguptakAlanI hovAnuM sUcave che (gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLa trimAsika, eprila 1950). 34.thI 41. juo pAdanoMdha 28mAM nirdiSTa graMthamAM pRSTha 53, 55, 123, citra 32 ane 35; pRSTha 123-124; pRSTha pa6, citra 38 ane pRSTha 124, kramAMka 38; pRSTha pa9, citra 41 ane 418 tathA pRSTha 125, kramAMka 41 ane 41; pRSTha 61, citra 42 ane pRSTha 125, kramAMka 42; pRSTha 63, citra 43-44 ane pRSTha 125, kramAMka 43-44; pRSTha 66, citra 47 ane 5i 126, kramAMka 47; pRSTha 72-73, citra 51 ane 21a tathA pRSTha 126 anukrame. 42-44. umAkAMta zAha, gurAsAMI., graMtha 2, pRSTha 388-89, 389-90 ane 391 anukrame. 45. maMjulAla majamudAra, kranolaji oNva gujarAta, graMtha 1, pRSTha 209 ane paTTa 44. saMpAdaka A pratimAne maitrakakALanI hovAnuM sUcave che. paraMtu dolatapara vagere sthaLonI pratimA sAthe enI sAmyatAthI sUcavAya che ke tene gAmanI pratimA kSatrapakAlIna che. 46. munindra jozI, "vaDanagaramAM khodakAma daramyAna maLeluM mukhaliMga', pathika okTobara-navembara 1992, pRSTha 71-72; "vaDanagaranuM kSatrapakAlIna zilpa : eka navIna upalabdhi', kamAra, saLaMga aMka 873, 2000 pRSTha 559 ane 'vaDanagarathI prApta bodhisatvanI salekha pASANa pratimA', pathika, varSa 33, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa vIsa 341 aMka 1-2, pRSTha 72-73 tathA "vaDanagarano sammatIya saMghArAma', saMbodhi, aMka 20, 1995-96, pRSTha 123-27. A cAra saMdarbha-lekhamAMno trIjo lekha munindra sAthe sahalekhaka tarIke ratibhAI bhAvasAra che ane cothA lekhamAM 2.nA.mahetA sAthe munindra ane bhAvasAra sahalekhaka che. 47. atre nirdezita pratimAonAM vizeSa varNana vAte juo ravi hajarIsakRta gujarAtanI zilpasamRddhi, prathama AvRtti 1998, pRSTha 4thI 14. 48. ravi hajaranIsa ane ema.DI.varmA, "sAbarakAMThAmAMthI maLI AvelAM guphAcitro', kumAra, phebruArI 1979, pRSTha 4. 49. vi.ha.sonAvaNe, "raoNka ArTa oNva gujarAta : a rIjiyonala sTaDI', purAkalA, 2002, pustaka 13, | pRSTha 76. 50. gaMbhIrapurA-iDaranAM zailAzraya stupacitra zodhavAno yaza tatkAlanA rAjya purAtattva khAtAnA ravi hajaranIsa ane temanA sAthIone phALe jAya che. AnI vadhu mAhitI mATe juo ravi hajaranIsa 'gaMbhIrapurA : e raoNka peInTIMga', paMDita becaradAsa dozI smRtigraMtha (saMpA. madhusUdana DhAMkI ane sAgaramala jaina), 1975, bhAga 2, pRSTha 101thI 103, citra 1thI 3. tathA aMgrejImAM paMDita becaradAsa dozI kamemarezana vaoNlyuma, DhAMkI ane jaina, vArANasI, 1987, pRSTha 101-03. ane hajaranIsa ane varmA, "sAbarakAMThAnAM citronuM samayAMkana', vidyApITha, julAI-oNgasTa, 1980, pRSTha 47-49. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa bAra hunnarakaLA prakaraNa aDhAra, ogaNIsa ane vIsamAM ApaNe lalitakaLAnA vividha aMgo ane tenAM lakSaNo paratve pRthakRta varNana prastuta karyA che. lalitakaLAnAM A vividha pAsAMonAM nirmANakAryane dhyAnamAM letAM ApaNe hunnarakaLA anvaye keTaluMka avalokana ahIM prastuta karIzuM. Ama to, lalitakaLAno vikAsa hunnarakaLAnA pariNAmarUpa che. A aMgenI jANakArI jo ke koI sAhityamAM jovA maLatI nathI. thoDIka purAvastukIya sAmagrI hunnarakaLAne oLakhavA kAje sahAyabhUta bane che. kASThanI kalAkRtionA namUnA svAbhAvika ja hAtha lAgyA nathI; kema ke kALAMtare e namUnA TakI javA muzkela jaNAya che. paraMtu mATI-paththaranA keTalAka hunnara A kAlamAM astitvamAM hatA to lAkaDAkAmano hunnara paNa astitvamAM hoI zake. mATIkAmano hunnara mATInAM ThIMkarAM, mATInAM vAsaNonA khaMDita bhAga, IMTo ane mATInI pakavelI pratimAnA avazeSa kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAMthI ghaNA moTA pramANamAM prApta thayA che. AthI, spaSTataH sUcavI zakAya ke mATIkAmano udyoga ke kuMbhArakAmano hunnara e A samayanA gujarAtano mukhya hunnara hoI zake che. kSatrapakAlanAM nagaronAM utpanana hajI moTA pAyA upara hAtha dharAyAM nathI. tema thaze tyAre te samayanAM vAsaNonAM vividha ghATa tathA citrAmaNanA prakAra paratve paddhatisarano abhyAsa karavAnuM kArya saraLa banaze. vaDodarA, TIMbaravA, vaDanagara, nagarA jevAM A samayanAM nagaronAM vyavasthita khodakAma thayAM che. emAMthI je avazeSa prApta thayA che te AdhAre tathA boriyA, ITavA ane devanI morInA mahAtUpa ane mahAvihAramAMthI hAthavagI thayelI sAmagrInAM anveSita pariNAma uparathI mATIkAmanI hunnarakaLAno keTaloka khyAla pAmI zakAya che. rAtAM cakyakti-vAsaNa : gujarAtamAMthI lagabhaga pAMtrIseka sthaLoethI A vAsaNonA nAnAmoTA khaMDita avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che. suMdara mulAyama mATImAMthI A vAsaNo banAvavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. subbArAvanuM evuM mAnavuM che ke A udyoga pahelaprathama pazcima bhAratamAM (eTale ke vizeSataH gujarAtamAM) vikasyo hoya ane pachI bhAratanA anya pradezamAM vistaryo hoya. A vAsaNone eTalA UMcA uSNatAmAne tapAvavAmAM AvatAM ke jethI e pramANasara rAto raMga dhAraNa kare ane majabUtAI bakSe. pakavelAM A vAsaNo upara TakorA mAratAM dhAtunA vAsaNa jevo raNakAra saMbhaLAto. AthI, subbArAva, vhIlara ane kroDIMgTana A vAsaNo upara videzI asara (saMbhavataH romanI asara) hovAnuM sUcave che". IsunI AraMbhanI traNa-cAra sadI daramyAna bhAratano roma sAtheno vepArasaMbaMdha zreSTha kakSAno hato. keTalIka jagyAethI A samayanAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa agiyAra 343 vAsaNo sAthe grIsa-romanA purAvazeSo paNa prApta thayA che". AthI, A traNeya vidvAnonA anumAnane samarthana sAMpaDe che. saphAIdAra banAvaTa ane suMdara kumAza A vAsaNonAM mukhya lakSaNa sUcavI zakAya. emanI bAhya sapATI atyaMta lIsI ane suMdara tathA caLakAyukta che. amarelI, somanAtha, vaDodarA, kAmareja, TIMbaravA, nagarA jevAM sthaLethI A vAsaNonA vividha AkArayukta suMdara namUnA hAtha lAgyA che. (juo citra 18 ane 19). | mukhya prakAra : rAtAM ane cakacakita vAsaNomAM sahuthI pracalita prakAra che UMcI Doka ane sAMkaDA moDhAMvALAM vAsaNono (je sAmAnyataH sprinklerthI oLakhAya che), A prakAranA namUnA amarelI, somanAtha, vaDodarA, kAravaNa, vaDanagara jevA sthaLethI hAtha lAgyAM che. (juo citra 18 ane 19 tathA nakazA-Alekha-citra-sUcI). bIjA prakAranAM vAsaNonI Doka lAMbI (UMcI) che, paNa moDhAM maNakAdAra kAnAvALAM hoya che. AvAM vAsaNo amarelI, somanAtha, vaDodarA ane vaDanagaramAMthI hAtha lAgyAM che (juo ejana citrasUci). trIjA prakAramAM nAnAM vAsaNono samAveza thAya che, je bahu moTI saMkhyAmAM maLI AvyAM che. A vAsaNonAM moDhAM kAM to maNakAdAra kAnAvALAM kAM to cAMcadAra kAnAvALAM che. A vAsaNonI garadana TUMkI che. somanAthamAMthI saMprApta vAsaNo sAdAM ane citrita che, je cothA prakAramAM samAvI zakAya. A citrita mRbhAnDa upara mAtra ADI jADI rekhAo vacce UbhA pAtaLA paTTA sapheda ane jAMbuDiyA raMgamAM Alekhita che. TIMbaravAnAM ukhananamAMthI rAtAM-cakacakti vAsaNono mAtra eka namUno hAtha lAgyo che, jeno AkAra chIcharI rakAbI jevo che. eno kAno aMdaranA bhAge vALelo che. ahIMthI paNa citrita mRbhASThano eka khaMDita namUno maLyo che. anya vastuo : mATInAM gRhopayogI nAnAMmoTAM vAsaNo uparAMta mATImAMthI nirmANa pAmelI anya cIjavastuoya ukhananomAMthI hAtha lAgI che, jemAM maNakA, baMgaDI, mUrtio, romIya koThIo, opa caDAvelAM vAsaNo, ramakaDAM ityAdino samAveza thAya che. vaDodarAmAMthI sopArInA AkAra jevA pakavelI mATInA thoDA maNakA maLyA che. A badhA maNakAmAM ghATano phera vattAochA pramANamAM che. TIMbaravAmAMthI paNa sopArInA AkAranA rAtA ane kALA raMganA tathA biotical ane spherical AkAranA maNakA hAtha lAgyA che. vaDodaramAMthI pakavelI mATImAMthI taiyAra karelAM ramakaDAM paNa maLyAM che, jemAM magara, kukaDo, ghoDo, khUMdhayukta vRSabha, strInuM uttarAMga jevA namUnAno samAveza thAya che. akoTAmAMthI mATInAM mudrAMka maLyAM che. devanI morI, boriyA, IMTavA ityAdi sthaLethI prApta thayelA IMTarI stUpa ane viziSTa kadanI IMTonA AdhAre A samayanI kuMbhArakaLAno-kuMbhArI hunnarano paryApta khyAla maLe che. ahIMthI prApta IMTo be prakAranI che : sAdI ane suzobhita. A samaye naLiyAM paNa taiyAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta karavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. te laMbacorasa ghATanAM hatAM. naLiyAMnI eka tarapha be kANAM jovA maLe che. kAmareja, IMTavA, devanI morI vagere sthaLoethI AvAM naLiyAM hAthavagAM thayAM che. killA paNa A samaye IMTonA upayogathI taiyAra thatA hatA, jenA namUnA zAmaLAjI, zaherA vagare sthaLomAM jovA maLe che. 344 A uparAMta zaMkhanI baMgaDIo ane maNakA banAvavAno hunnara paNa khUba vikasyo hato. prabhAsapATaNa, amarelI, jUnAgaDha, vaDanagara, valabhI, vaDodarA, nagarA, kAmareja, zAmaLAjI jevAM aneka sthaLe enAM pacihno dazyamAna che. zaMkhamAMthI sAdI suzobhanavALI baMgaDI banatI hatI, jyAre temAMthI corasa, goLa ityAdi ghATanA maNakA taiyAra karavAmAM AvatA hatA. paththara-udyoga bAvApyArA, uparakoTa, taLAjA, DhAMka ityAdi sthaLe sthita guphAo ane taLAjA tathA zAmaLAjI AsapAsathI upalabdha thayelI pratimAo uparathI evuM sUcavI zakAya ke A hunnara paNa kSatrapakAla daramyAna ThIka ThIka vikAsa pAmyo hato. zAmaLAjInI pASaNa pratimAnI AlekhanazailI pASANakalAvidhAnanI UMcI kakSAnuM sUcana kare che. A uparAMta paththaramAMthI maNakA, nizA, ghaMTI, nizAtA jevI cIjavastuo tathA paththaranI pharzabaMdhI paNa banAvavAmAM AvatI hatI. paththaranA goLa lakhoTA tathA ramakaDAM paNa taiyAra thatAM hatAM. bAvApyArA ane uparakoTanAM zailagRhomAMnA staMbha ane temanI upa2nA zIrSa ane besaNI uparanI mAnava-prANI-AkRtio tathA bhaumitika bhAta tema ja zAmaLAjInAM zilponI sUkSma kotaraNI gujarAtanA paththara-udyoganA kArIgaronI hathoTI ane temanAM kauzala vize zreSTha abhiprAya darzAvI zakAya che. khAsa karIne, kharatA paththara upara A prakAranI kotaraNI karavAnuM kArya muzkela to kharuM, chatAMya lAkaDA jevI sUkSma kotaraNI utkRSTa ane nipuNa kArIgarInAM ghotaka che. dhAtu-udyoga dhAtunA vaparAza paratve lokhaMDano viniyoga vizeSa thayo jaNAya che. akoTAmAMthI lokhaMDanI khIlIno TukaDo, vIMTI, khAMcAyukta kuhADI vagere hAtha lAgyAM che. AmAM kuhADI e lokhaMDamAMthI nirmANa pAmelo pUrvakAlIna hathiyArano namUno hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. TIMbaravAmAMthI paNa laMbacorasa mAthAvALI lokhaMDanI eka khIlI hAtha lAgI che. uparAMta lokhaMDanI chINI, bhAloDAM, charIo, sAMkaLa, kAtara, tAvetA jevI cIjo paNa sAMpaDI che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna lokhaMDano vaparAza cIjavastuo banAvavAmAM vadhyo hato. vastAna DuMgarI (jillo surata) ane dhAtavAmAM lokhaMDa gALavAno vyavasthita udyoga cAlato hato11. A samayanA gujarAtamAMthI tAMbAnI thoDIka vastuo maLI che, jemAM mudrAo, DabbIo, vIMTI, valayo vagereno samAveza thaI zake che. devanI morI stUpamAMthI prApta tAMbAnI DabbI ane nagarAmAMthI hAtha lAgeluM suzobhanayukta DhAMkaNa A samayanAM kArIgaronI hastakaLAno paricaya ApaNane saMpaDAvI Ape che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa agiyAra tAMbA ane lokhaMDa uparAMta sIsAnI thoDIka cIjo paNa hAtha lAgI che, jemAM kSatraponA sikkA mukhya che. vaLI, kAnanAM beka ghareNAM paNa sIsAnAM maLyAM che. devanI morInA mahAstUpanA peTALamAMthI sonAnI DabbI, TIMbaravAmAMthI sonAnA patarA upara jovA maLatI bhAtano namUno vagere u52 sonA hunnaranI mAhitI prApta thAya che. pAdanoMdha 1. A badhAM khodakAmanA ahevAla mATe juo : subbArAva, baroDA thru dha ejIja; tathA 2.nA.mahetAnA vaDapaNa heThaLanAM utkhananakAryanA pragaTa thayelA ahevAla ekSmavezana eTa TIMbaravA (1955), ephTavezana eTa vaDanagara (1955) ane evesana eTa nagarA (1970). 345 2. juo subbArAva, uparyukta graMtha. 3. ejana, pRSTha 58. 4-5. ejana, pRSTha 32, 56 tathA 65 anukrame. uparAMta juo 2.nA.mahetA, evezana eTa TIMbaravA, pRSTha 3. 6. ekSmavezana eTa TIMbaravA, pRSTha 20-21. 7. baroDA thru dha ejIja, pRSTha 87, paTTa 14 ane 16. 8thI11. gurAsAMi., graMtha 2,8 pRSTha 324-25; pRSTha 328-29; pRSTha 331-32 ane pRSTha 329 anukrame. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ekavIsa lokajIvana (prAkRtika, Arthika ane sAmAjika) kSatraponA zAsana samaya daramyAna gujarAtanA lokajIvana bAbate saLaMga ane vigatathI mAhita bhAgye ja upalabdha thAya che. AthI, lokajIvana sababa enAM je pAsAM vize je koI chUTI chavAI mAhitI prApta thAya che te tamAmane ahIM saMkalita svarUpe prastuta karavAno eka prayAsa karyo che. prAkRtika paristhiti koI paNa pradezanA lokajIvananAM ghaDataramAM sthAnika bhaugolika vAtAvaraNanI ane paryAvaraNanI paristhiti mukhya bhAga adA kare che. eTale ApaNe ahIM AraMbhamAM kSatrapa samayanA gujarAtanI prAkRtika sthitinAM avalokana karIzuM. kacchanA akhAtamAM khAsa koI bhaugolika pheraphAra thayo hoya evI mAhitI upalabdha nathI. A akhAta vibhinna samaye vibhinna nAmathI oLakhAto hato. periplasamAM "barAkAno (dvArakAno) akhAta" evo ullekha che, je kacchanA akhAtanA saMdarbhamAM hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. tethI kacchano akhAta tyAre dvArakAnA akhAta tarIke oLakhAto hato. A uparathI sUcavI zakAya ke yAdavakAlIna mULa dvArakA game te jagyAe sthita hoya paNa kSatrapakAlamAM enuM sthAna hAlanI dvArakA pAse raheluM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. atyAranI dvArakAnA vistAramAM utpananakArya thatAM tyAMthI kSatrapa avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che. tolamAya kacchanA akhAtane "kanvIno akhAta" evA nAmathI oLakhAve che. ane barAkA'ne e akhAtanA eka TApu tarIke darzAve che. jyAre periplasa barAkAnA akhAtamAM sAta TApu hovAnuM noMdhe che. atyAre khaMbhAtanA akhAtane nAme oLakhAto akhAta paNa kSatrapa kAlamAM astitvamAM hato, mAtra te oLakhAto jUdA nAme. periplasa ane tolamApa bArigAjhA'nA akhAtano ullekha kare che, je hakIkatamAM khaMbhAtanA akhAta mATe prayojAyelo zabda che. A mATenuM kAraNa e hoI zake ke tyAre khaMbhAta nagaranuM astitva nA hoya. te samaye nagarA nAmanuM moTuM nagara hatuM. paNa baMdara tarIke tenI khyAti jANavAmAM nathI. tyAre e akhAtamAM narmadAnA mukha pAsenA bharukacchanuM baMdara tarIke mahattva hatuM. tethI te Akho akhAta bharukacchanA akhAta tarIke oLakhAto hato. hAlanA ghoghA pAse sthita hAthaba, jenuM pUrvakALamAM nAma hatuM hastakavapra, A kAla daramyAna samudrataTa pAse hovAnuM periplasanAM varNanathI spaSTa thAya che. periplasamAM enuM nAma aSTakaMpra che, jyAre tolamApanI bhUgoLamAM kartavra che. periplasamAM te sAthe "pApikA' bhUzirano ullekha che. tethI te paNa samudrataTe hoya ema kahI zakAya. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ekavIsa 347 hAlanA gopanAthanuM pUrvakAlIna nAma pApi hovAnuM sUcana bhagavAnalAle karyuM che. jo ke gopanAthanuM maMdira gopasiMhajIe soLamI sadImAM baMdhAveluM. tethI te nAma ethI vadhAre pUrvasamayanuM hoya nahIM. eTale bhagavAnalAlanuM sUcana zaMkAspada rahe che. periplasamAM "maiyonisa' nAmanA beTano ullekha che. emAMnAM varNana uparathI te nirdeza dIva(dvIpa)nA saMdarbhamAM hovAnI aTakaLa thaI zake; kema ke dIva tyAre surASTra sAthe saMlagnita hoya ema praNAlikAnA AdhAre aLatekare anumAnyuM che. jo ke baiyonisane spaSTatAH dIva tarIke oLakhAvavuM zakya nathI. tolamApanI bhUgoLamAM surASTra dvIpakalpanA dakSiNa-pazcima bhAgamAM AvelA monoglosona baMdarano ullekha che, je saMbhavataH hAlanA jUnAgaDha pAse AveluM mAMgaroLa hoya. tolamAyano navasaripA aMgeno ullekha hAlanA navasArInA saMdarbhamAM hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. surASTrane AliMgatA samudrataTanI sImAmAM jhAjho koI pheraphAra thayo hoya ema sUcavAtuM nathI. kSatrapakAla daramyAna paNa AjanI jema surASTrane pharato samudrakAMTho hovAnuM periplasanI noMdhathI sUcita thAya che. periplasa ke tolamAye surASTranA dvIpakalpanAM baMdara ke samudrataTanAM sthaLavizeSano nirdeza karyo nathI. prastuta carcAthI evuM anumAna tAravI zakAya ke dvArakA, mAMgaroLa, prabhAsa, gopanAtha, hAthaba, nagarA, bharUca, navasArI vagere tatkALa samudrataTanAM sUcaka sthAna hovA saMbhave. nadIo A samayanI keTalIka nadIono paricaya kSatrapa rAjAonA keTalAka zilAlekhathI maLe che. temAM nirdiSTa nadIo A mujaba che : suvarNasiktA, palAzinI, tApI, damaNa, bArNAzA, IbA, pAradA, karaveNavA vagere. (juo prakaraNa agiyAra, pAdanoMdha 2mAM A nadIonI oLakha). suvarNasiktA ane palAzinI nadIo gujarAtanA surASTra vistAranI che. hAla A baMne nadI nAnAM jharaNAM jevI, kaho ke vaheLA jevI, hAlatamAM che. rudradAmAnA samayamAM e ghaNI moTI nadIo hatI. baMne nadI Ama to girinagaramAMthI vahe che, paNa suvarNasiktA (hAla sonarekha tarIke oLakhAya che) dAmodara kuMDa pAse thaIne vahetI hatI ane palAzinI vartamAna vaMthalI pAse palAziyo nAmano vAMkaLo che te hovAnuM saMbhave che. zeSa nadIo nahapAnanA samayanA lekhamAM che jemAM krama A mujaba che. bArNAzA, ibA, pArAdA, damaNa, tApI, karaveNavA. jo ke A nirdeza bhaugolika kramamAM hoya tema jaNAtuM nathI, paraMtu te badhI nadIo (bArNAzA sivAya) dakSiNa gujarAtamAM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. bArNAzAno ullekha pAlanapura pAse vahetI banAsa nadInA saMdarbhamAM hoI zake. periplasa ane tolamAyamAM15 mahI ane narmadAno tathA tolamAyamAM A uparAMta tApI ane banAsano ullekha che. periplasamAM mahI mATe maisa ane tolamApamAM mokSasa nAma prApta thAya che. narmadA mATe periplasamAM namnAdusa prayoga jovo prApta thAya che, jyAre tolamApamAM namadusa. tolamAya tApIne nAnAgauna (?) ane banAsane panasa tarIke oLakhAve che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta saMkSepamAM eTaluM sUcavI zakAya ke kSatrapakAla daramiyAna tApI, narmadA, mahI, IbA, pAradA, damaNa, karaveNavA, bArNAzA, suvarNazikatA, palAzinI jevI nadIo gujarAtamAM vahetI hovA saMbhave che. A sivAya anya nadIo kadAca vahetI hovI joIe jemanA vize koI paNa prakAranAM jJApako hAthavagAM nathI. tethI te aMge koI aTakaLa ke anumAna karavuM zakya nathI. parvato 348 kSatrapa zAsakonA keTalAka zilAlekhomAM parvato vize nirdeza che. rudradAmAnA girinagaranA zailalekhamAM {yat parvatano nirdeza che. jo emAMthI suvarNasiktA ane palAzinI nadIo vahetI hovAno ullekha dhyAnamAM laIe to Urjayat e hAlanA giranAranuM pUrvakAlIna nAma hovAnuM anumAna spaSTa thaI zake che. taLa giranAramAMthI upalabdha tera zilAlekhomAMthI agiyAra lekhamAM subbayanta nAma prayojAyeluM che. A badhA lekha IsvInI caudamI sadI sudhInA hoI tyAM sudhI A nAma vadhu pracalita hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya che. unnayantane keTalIkavAra raivata paNa kahetA. dA.ta. skaMdaguptanA lekhamAM ane rivaMza purALamAM rnayanA paryAya tarIke raivatano ullekha che. taLAjA, sANA, DhAMka, khaMbhAlIDAmAM zailotkIrNa guphAo hovAnI vigato ApaNe agAu avalokI che (jeo prakaraNa aDhAra). tethI A badhA parvato tatkALe adhika lokapriya hovA joIe, vizeSa karIne dharmanA pariprekSyamAM ane zilpasthApatyanA saMdarbhamAM. purANomAM jemanA vize ullekha che te viMdhyAcaLa ane sAtapuDA parvata paNa A samaya daramyAna astitvamAM hovA saMbhave; kema ke bhUstarIya parivartana parvatamAM javalle ja thatAM hoya che. jaLAzayo nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAM bharUca, dazapura, govardhana jevAM sthaLoe vAvakUvAnA nirmANakArya thayAM hovAno spaSTa ullekha che (paricaya mATe juo prakaraNa agiyAra, pAdanoMdha 2). rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM sudarzana taLAvano nirdeza che. guMdAnA lekhamAM rasopadrIya gAme kUvo khodAvyAno ullekha che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna A prakAranAM jaLAzayanI vyavahAru upayogitA keTalI haze; khAsa karIne khetInA vikAsamAM siMcAInA saMdarbhe (dA.ta. sudarzana) ane anyathA lokopayogI pUrvakArya (pUNyakArya) tarIke. tatkAlanA gujarAtamAM A sivAya paNa anya aneka jaLAzaya hovAM joIe, paNa te vize pratyakSa ke parokSa pramANa upalabdha thayAM nathI. AbohavA rudradAmAnA zailalekhathI spaSTa thAya che ke bhAre varasAdane kAraNe suvarNasiktA ane palAzinI nadImAM bhAre pUra AvyAM. A ghaTanA mAgazara mahinAmAM ghaTelI. AthI, gujarAtanA surASTra pradezamAM bhAre varasAda thato haze ane ziyALAmAM bhAre mAvaThuM paNa thatuM haze. periplasamAM A vistAranI pedAzanA nirdeza uparathI uparyukta anumAnane samarthana prApta thAya che. AvI paristhiti gujarAtanA anya visatAromAM thatI hovI joIe paNa tenAM pramANa hAthavagAM thayA nathI. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ekavIsa 349 kacchano akhAta tophAnI hovAnI hakIkata periplase noMdhI che. AthI ahIMthI pasAra thatAM vahANane khUba sAvacetI rAkhavI paDatI haze. bArigAjhAno akhAta paNa sAMkaDo hoI vahANavaTIone parezAna karato. AthI chIcharA pANImAM jaI zake te prakAranI hoDIo sajja bhomiyA surASTranA kAMThA sudhI jaI bArigAjhA AvatAM vahANane mArgadarzana ApavAnuM kAma karatA hovAnI vigata pariplasamAM che. AthI, gujarAtanA samudrakAMThAnI AbohavA ane dariyAnAM jokhamanI pratIti thAya che. vasAhata vepAravaNaja ane dhanadhAnyanI samRddhi aMke karanAra A pradezamAM prajAnI nAnI moTI saMkhyAtIta vasAhata hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya. A samayanA lekhomAM nAnAMmoTAM keTalAMka gAmano nirdeza che, jemano sthaLanirNaya thaI zake che. tadanusAra A gAmone gujarAtanI prAkRtika pArzvabhUmikAnA nakazAmAM goThavavAmAM Ave to temAMnA ghaNAM sthaLa nadItaTe ke samudrakAMThe AvelAM hoya ema sUcavAya che. dA.ta. bharUca, prabhAsa, dvArakA, nagarA, hAthaba, valabhI vagere. bharukacchanA jevAM droNamukhanuM mahattva A samayamAM hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya tema che; kAraNa ke A prakAranAM sthaLa jaLamArga ane sthaLamArga ema ubhaya mArganAM mukha upara vaselAM hoI vepAravaNajanA vikAsano vizeSa avakAza rahe che. AthI, bharUca A samayanA gujarAtanI sauthI moTI vasAhata hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya. kaho ke droNamukhanuM sthAna vasavATa vAte vadhAre vRddhidAyI hoya che. ukhanana dvArA prApta purAvazeSo uparathI dvArakA, prabhAsa, amarelI, vaDanagara, devanI morI, nagarA, TIMbaravA, aMkoTaka, kAravaNa, kAmareja jevAM sthaLa paNa moTI vasAhata jevAM hoya e saMbhave che. girinagara to azokanA samayathI vahIvaTI kendra tarIkenuM mahattva aMke karatuM AvyuM che. eTale kSatrapakAla daramyAna te paNa bharUcanA jevuM moTuM vasAhatI kendra hovAnuM spaSTataH sUcavI zakAya. mAMgaroLa (jUnAgaDha pAsenuM) paNa tolamApanA sUcavyA anusAra moTuM vasAhatI zahera hoI zake. tolamAya A uparAMta siddhapura (asiuda), thAna (theophila), sojitrA (sazantion) vagere sthaLavizeSano nirdeza kare che. A badhAM sthaLa paNa vasAhatI hoI zake. jaina AgamonI vAcanA mATe thayelI valabhInI pasaMdagI uparathI te dhArmika ane zaikSaNika evuM eka moTuM vasAhatI kendra hovAnuM spaSTa sUcavI zakAya. AthI, valabhI paNa saMbhavataH bharUca ane girinagara samakakSa moTuM nagara hovAnuM sUcavI zakAya. guMdAnA lekhamAM "rasopadrIya' gAmano nirdeza paNa vasAhata hovAnuM sUcana kare che. te jamAnAmAM soeka varSanI samayAvadhimAM jUnI vasAhato nAza pAme ane navI sthapAya e bahu saMbhavita jaNAtuM nathI. eTale ke maitrakakALa daramyAna je gAmaDAM, nagaro ke moTI vasAhato hatAM emAMnAM ghaNAMnuM astitva prAmaitrakakAlamAM eTale ke kSatrapakAlamAM hoya evuM anumAnI zakAya. tadanusAra kheDa(kheTaka), vaDhavANa (vardhamAna), godharA (godrahaka), jaMbusara, zihora (siMhapura) ityAdimAMthI ghaNI vasAhato kSatrapAlamAM hovA saMbhavI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

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zCho kSApakAlIna gujarAta vepAravaNaja IsunI pahelI sadI sudhI grIka lakhANayukta apaladatta ane minenTaranA chApavALA sikkAonuM calaNa bArigAjhAmAM hatuM ane sthAnika calaNanA badalAmAM jenA upara sAro vaTAva maLe che tevA sonA-cAMdInA sikkA bArigAjhA AvatA hatA evI periplasanI noMdhathI19 sUcita thAya che ke kSatrapakAlanA AraMbhamAM videzo sAthe, khAsa karIne grIsa ane roma sAthe, gujarAtano vepAra vyApaka pramANamAM pravartamAna hato ane bharukaccha vepAra-udyoganuM dhIkhatuM kendra ane moTuM baMdara hatuM. A baMdarethI AyAta-nikAsa thatA mAlano paricaya periplasamAMthI prApta thAya che. kaTha(coptus), jaTAmAMsI (spikenard), gugaLa, hAthIdAMta, akIka, pannA, haratAla(lycium), sutarAu kApaDa, rezamI kApaDa, mulAyama kApaDa, sUtara, moTI pIpara tathA ApaNA dezanA anya vistAronAM bajAramAMthI AvatI aneka cIjonI A baMdarethI nikAsa thatI hatI. polakeza (puSkalAvatI), kAspapAIrI (kAzmIra), pAropAnIsI (hindukuza), kAbolitika (kAbulanI AsapAsano pradeza), siLiyA (zaka-padvavono bhAratIya pradeza), ojhInI (ujjana), surASTra ane bArigAjhA AsapAsanA mulakanI jarUriyAtanI badhI cIjo tathA akIka, pannA, malamala, mulAyama kApaDa vagere cIjo bArigAjhA AvatI ane ahIMthI te videza nikAsa thatI. bArigAjhA baMdare AyAta thatI cIjomAM iTAlIya ane lAoDisiyAI dArU, tAMbuM, kalAI, sIsu, paravALAM, pokharAja, bATIka vividha prakAranAM kApaDa, kamarabaMdha, mIThAM laviMga, apAradarzaka jADo kAca, hiMgaLo, mamIro (antimony), sonArUpAnA sikkA, lepa, rUpAnAM vAsaNo vagereno samAveza thato. bharUca sivAya dvArakA, mAMgaroLa, prabhAsa, valabhI, gopanAtha, hAthaba, nagarA vagere jevI vasAhato paNa samudrataTe ke samudranI najadikamAM AvelI hoI te sthaLo paNa vepAravANijyanAM kendra hoI zake che. vyavahAranuM mAdhyama vepAranA vinimayamAM ke vANijiyaka vastuonI levaDadevaDamAM ane sAmAjika vyavahAramAM AdAna-pradAnanA saMdarbhe koI eka nizcita mAdhyama hovuM anivArya che. nANAM e AvA prakAranI levaDadevaDa vAstu ke AdAnapradAna kAje saraLa mAdhyama vaizvika stare svIkArAyuM che. jagatano koI paNa bhUbhAga AmAM apavAda hoI nA zake. kSetrapAla daramyAna nANAMnAM calaNa vyavahAramAM astitva dharAvatAM hatAM enI spaSTa pratIti kSatrapa zAsakonA saMkhyAtIta sikkAonI upalabdhithI thAya che. A samaye enuM nAma #ArkApA hatuM tenI noMdha agAu karI che (juo prakaraNa tera) A rAjAoe nirmANa karAvelA cAMdInA sikkA A samayanA gujarAtanuM calaNa hovAnuM sUcita thAya che; kaho ke suspaSTa thAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ekavIsa 351 A uparAMta enAM bIjAM ekama tarIke tAMbAnA, sIsAnA ane paoNTananA sikkA pracAramAM hatA. A nANAMnI kaI saMjJA hatI ke tenuM karyuM mUlya hatuM te vize koI jANakArI hAthavagI thatI nathI. saMvananAmAM darzAvyA mujaba kSatrapa sikkAnuM apara nAma ravRtta hatuM. nANAM bajAra ane levaDadevaDA nahapAnanA samayanA uSavadAttanA nAsikanA zilAlekhathI sUcavAya che ke dhIradhAra jevI jAhera sevAnI koI vyavasthA astitvamAM hatI. A lekhamAM, uSavadAre 2000 kArdApaNa govardhana (jillo nAsika)mAM sthita zreNIo paikI eka vaNakara peDhImAM (photi nijhA) kAyamI anAmata vAste mUkyA hatA, evo nirdeza che. A rakama peTe enA vyAjanI rakamamAMthI guphAnivAsI 20 sAdhuone 12 kArdApaNanA mUlya jeTalAM kapaDAM mATe dAna ApavAnI jogAvaInA ullekha che : to tane vArtAnAM mizna vigata prastha vaivari dvArA (ArthApanA)1. sAmAnyataH bauddha bhikSune traNa cIvara (vastro paheravAnI chUTa hatI : antarvA (aMtarIyaaMdaranuM vastra), uttarA (uttarIya-upaluM vastro ane saMdhArI(AkhA zarIrane hUMpha ApanAruM bevaDuM vastra)22. Ama, traNe vastranI banelI eka joDa kapaDAM kAje varSe 12 kArdApaNanI jarUra paDatI evuM AthI samajAya che. * - sAdhuonAM cIvara mATe anAmata rAkhelI rakamanuM vyAja, lekhamAM darzAvyA anusAra pratimAse eka TakA eTale ke vArSika 12 TakA hatuM ema spaSTa thAya che. A gAmamAM sthita bIjI eka vaNakara peDhImAM (sronika nAya) 1000 kArdApaNanI mUDI rokI hatI. tenA vyAjamAMthI sAdhuone dAna apAtAM. A mUDInAM vyAjano dara prati mAse 3 TakA eTale ke vArSika 9 TakAno hato. eka gAmamAM sthita ane eka ja prakAranA vyavasAyamAM vyasta be peDhImAM vyAjanA bhinna darathI evuM phalita thAya che ke vyAjanA dara 9 TakAthI 12 TakA sudhInA haze. lekhanA aMtamAM nirdeza che te mujaba te gAmanI sthAnika saMsthAnA dastAvejI kAryAlayamAM niyama mujaba thApaNanI jAherAta noMdhAvavI paDatI hatI (strAvita niyAmasamAya nibaMdha 2 navAre varitratoti)23. AMthI, ema darzAvI zakAya ke paMcAyata jevI koI saMsthA astitvamAM hovI joIe ane lokonI salAmatI enI mukhya pharaja hovI joIe. ahIM e vicAravuM prApta thAya che ke uSavadAtta nahapAnano jamAI hato ane tethI sarakAramAM enI vagane kAraNe eNe sarakArI tijorI mAraphate uparyukta vyavasthA amalI banAvI hota. paNa tene badale teNe zreNImAM (zarApha peDhImAM) nANAM mUkyA hatAM. AthI, phalita thAya che ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna AvI zreNIo jAharekSetramAM sAro vizvAsa dharAvatI haze ane emanAM levaDadevaDa tathA vyavahAra vadhAre pramANika haze tema ja sarakAramAM zreNIsUpa(hierarchy)nAM dUSaNa haze ane lokone muzkelI paDatI haze. pUrvakAlIna bauddha ane hindu sAhityamAM tathA abhilekhomAM zreNIsaMghono ullekha Ave che. ramezacaMdra majumadAra AvI sattAvIsa jeTalI zreNInI yAdI prastuta karI sUcave che ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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35ra kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta pUrvakAlIna bhAratanA badhA pradezamAM A saMsthAo Adhunika baeNka jevuM kArya karatI hatI. AthI darzAvI zakAya che ke vyAje nANAM dhIravAno ke rokelI mUDInuM vyAja ApavAno rivAja hato, je ArthikavikAsanuM dyotaka gaNAya. jamIna ane khetIvADI - sAdhuone dAna ApavA sAru uSavadAje 4000 kArdApaNa ApI jamInano TukaDo kharIdyo hato. nahapAnano jamAI hoI sarakAramAM sArI lAgavaga dharAvato hovo joIe ane chatAMya teno lAbha levAne sthAne jamIna svayaM kharIde che. A uparathI sUcita thAya che ke kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM jamInanI mAlikI vyaktigata svarUpanI haze ane rAjaya sarakAranuM mAlikIpaNuM phakta nakAmI ane paDatara jamIna pUratuM sImita hovuM joIe. jamInanA mApa ane mUlya vize koI jANakArI hAthavagI thatI nathI; kema ke uSavadAre 4000 kArdApaNa ApI jamIna kharIdI hatI paNa te jamIna keTalI hatI ane keTalA mApanI hatI tenI koI noMdha te lekhamAM nathI. khetI A samayamAM gujarAtamAM mukhya vyavasAya hato. sudarzana taLAvanuM nirmANa emAMthI khodAvelI nahero, ativRSTithI baMdha tUTatAM rAjyanA kharce tenuM samArakAma, bharUca vagere baMdarethI thatI cIjavastuonI nikAsa, uSavadAre dAnamAM ApelI jamIna vagere vigato uparyukta anumAnane samarthana Ape che. khetIno vikAsa e rAjayanI javAbadArI hoya ema paNa A vigatothI darzAvI zakAya che. jo ke khetInA vikAsanI nisabata e rAjayanA vahIvaTI kSetramAMnuM prAthamika lakSaNa hoya eno Abhilekhika purAvo eTale girinagaranA prAMgaNamAM sthita ane azokanAM dharmazAsana jenA upara kaMDArAyelAM te "azokano zailalekha". A samayanA gujarAtamAM enA saurASTra pradezamAM jamIna kasavALI ane phaLadrupa hoya ema periplasanI noMdhathI samajAya che : ahIM (eTale surASTramAM) ghauM, cokhA, talanuM tela, tAveluM mAkhaNa, kapAsa ane emAMthI jADuM kApaDa pedA thAya che. iti. uparAMta juvAra, bAjarI, zeraDI, magaphaLInI khetI paNa thatI haze. "e mUlaka (eTale saurASTromAM Dhora ghaNuM ucheravAmAM Ave che'evI periplasanI noMdhathI sUcavAya che ke pazupAlanano vyavasAya khetIne pUraka banyo haze. khAnapAna ApaNe agAu avalokI gayA ke A samayanA gujarAtamAM lalita sAhityanI racanA nahIMvata che. sAhityanI je kRtio upalabdha thaI che te to mukhyatve dArzanika hoI emAMthI samAjajIvanane darzAvatI vigata maLatI nathI. paraMtu agAu noMdhyuM tema khetapedAzanA saMdarbhamAM evuM sUcavI zakAya ke sAmAnyataH A samayanI prajA ghauM, bAjarI, DAMgara, java vagereno khorAkamAM upayoga karatI haze. pazupAlananA vyavasAyanA anusaMdhAne darzAvI zakAya ke khorAkamAM dUdha-ghIno vaparAza thato haze. samudrakAMThAnA nivAsIo saMbhavataH mAchalIno upayoga khorAka tarIke karatA hovA joIe. zaka loko DuMgarInA zokhIna hatA evo nirdeza vADmaTanA che. TUMkamAM che, to teo mAMsa, ghauM, ane mAdhvIka For Personal & Private Use Only

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353 prakaraNa ekavIsa (mahuDAno dArU) jevAM pINAM letA hatA tevo ullekha vara saMhitAmAM che. paraMtu A ullekha siMdha pradezanA zakonA saMdarbhamAM hovA saMbhave chatAM gujarAtamAM tyAre bhojanamAM mAMsano upayoga thato haze evuM AthI sUcavAya che. cokhAmAMthI taiyAra thatI vividha vAnagIono upayoga khorAkamAM thato enI mAhitI vijJAmAMthI saMprApta thAya che. dA.ta. dahIMbhAta, dUdhabhAta, ghIbhAta, bhAtanI khIra, bAphelo bhAta vagere. rasoInA cAra prakArano emAM ullekha che : bAphlo khorAka, marImasAlAyukta khorAka, paththara upara vATIne taiyAra karelo khorAka ane varALathI taiyAra karelo tIkho khorAka. mahuDI ane AsavanA dArUno pINAMno ullekha paNa che. A uparAMta sUpa ane zarabatano pINAM tarIke vaparAza thato hato. phaLono paNa upayoga thato hato. dehabhUSA sAhityanI vipula sAmagrIno abhAva ane ochA Abhilekhika ullekhothI dehabhUSAnuM pUrNa citra AlekhavuM muzkela che. paNa A samayanI zilpakalAnA namUnA uparathI AnuM jhAMkhuM citra prastuta karavAno prayatna karIe. kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA uparathI dehabhUSA vize thoDoka prakAza prApta thaI zake che. kSatrapa rAjAo lAMbI mUcho rAkhatA hatA ane vIMchInA pUMchaDAnI jema gAla upara goLa vALatA hatA. kAna pAse thobhiyA rAkhatA hatA. A rAjAo lAMbA vALa rAkhavAnA zokhIna hatA. teo kAnamAM kuMDaLa paheratA hovA joIe. emanA mAthA upara Topa jevuM pahereluM jovA maLe che. sikkamAM rAjAnuM mAtra uttarAMga darzAveluM hoI DokanI nIcenI dehabhUSA bAbate vizeSa koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. uparakoTanI guphAmAM nIcalA majalAnI bhIMta uparanAM caityavAtAyanamAMthI DokiyuM karatI strIo ane madhyamAM cAra staMbhanA zIrSa upara kaMDArAyelI strIonI AkRtio uparathI evuM sUcavI zakAya ke strIo sAmAnyataH kaTinI nIcenA bhAgamAM lAMbuM adharavastra (ke nivasana) dhAraNa karatI haze tathA uparanA bhAge coLI jevuM vastra paheratI hovI joIe. - kAnamAM kuMDaLa paheravAno rivAja strI ane puruSa baMnemAM haze ema dekhAya che. strIo hAthe bAjUbaMdha jevA alaMkAro tathA gaLAmAM caMdanahAra jevAM ghareNAMno upayoga karatI haze. A uparAMta vIMTI, kuMDaLa, karNikA, marikA (be magaramukhayukta banAveluM ghareNuM), akSamAlikA (rudrAkSanI mALA), muktAvalI, mekhalA, zirISa mallikA, kaDuM, baMgaDI, kaMkaNa, valaya, navathI aDhAra zerano hAra, nekalesa, jhAMjhara jevAM ghareNAM, tathA garuDa, vRSabha, mAchalI, hAthI vagere yukta mugaTa jevAM ghareNAMno ullekha saMvinnAmAM che. AthI, A samayanA gujarAtamAM A badhAM AbhUSaNano vaparAza hovAnuM darzAvI zakAya tema che. kezaguMphana mATe darpaNano upayoga thato haze ema uparakoTanI guphAonA nIcalA majalAmAM sthita staMbha uparanI strI-AkRtinA hAthamAM darpaNa jevA uparakaraNa sUcavI zakAya. (juo prakaraNa aDhAra). cInI rezama, sAmAnya rezama, vividha prakAranI zAla, uttarIya, sapheda For Personal & Private Use Only

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354 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dhotI, sADI, kinAravALI rezamI sADI, anuttarIya, pAghaDI, vaLayukta pAghaDI, koTa, jAkITa, jevAM vastrono ullekha saMvinnAmAM che e bAbata ahIM noMdhavI joIe. kSatrapa rAjAo IrAnI Dhabano lAMbo koTa paheratA haze. uparyukta varNanathI-vivaraNathI kSatrapakAlanA gujarAtanA lokonA vastraparidhAnano sAmAnya khyAla hAthavago thAya che. vijJAno vizeSa abhyAsa A bAbate ghaNI mAhitI ApaNane saMpaDAvI Ape che. nAmakaraNa paraMparA kSatraponA abhilekhomAM nirdiSTa manuSyanAmanAM nirIkSaNa karavAthI tatkAlIna gujarAtamAM nAmakaraNa paratve kSatrapakAlIna paraMparA vize thoDo khyAla maLI rahe che. alabatta zilAlekhanI saMkhyA alpa hoI tathA sikkA upara aMkita nAma rAjAo pUratAM maryAdita hoI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanA A eka mahattvanI vidyA vize mAhitI meLavavAmAM muzkelI rahe che. ' kSatrapa rAjaonAM nAma, teo videzI hoI, sAmAnyataH videzI asarathI yukta hovAM joIe; paraMtu bhUmaka, nahapAna, sAmotika ke TrAn padAMtavALAM thoDAMka nAma sivAya A rAjAonAM nAma zuddha bhAratIya paraMparAnAM hoya ema emanAM nAmanAM adhyayanathI spaSTa thAya che. sAdhanonI maryAdAne kAraNe A samayanA lokonAM nAma vize spaSTataH kazuM kahevuM agharuM che. rudradAmA, rudrasiMha, rudrasena ane rUdrabhUti jevAM putra pUrvapadayukta nAma A zAsakoe savizeSa prayojyAM che. siMha pUrvapadavALA nAmano bahu pracAra hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI; kema ke siMhasena evuM eka nAma jANavuM prApta thayuM che. TrA pUrvapadayukta nAmanA be udAharaNa hAthavagAM thAya che : dAmasena ane dAmajadazrI. vizvasiMha, rudrasiMha, satyasiMha, vizvasena, dAmasena, siMhasena, siddhasena, rudrasena jevAM fsada ane sena padAMtavALAM nAma A kALamAM vizeSa prayojAtAM haze. TAmanuM padAMtavALAM nAma sauthI vizeSa pramANamAM maLe che : rudradAmA, jayadAmA, jIvadAmA, yazodAmA, satyadAmA, saMghadAmA, bhartudAmA, vIradAmA ityAdi. RSabhadatta, 2STadatta, Izvaradatta, uSavadAra ane RSabhadeva jevAM nAmanI koI vizeSatA jANavI prApta thatI nathI. yazadattA, jeThavIrA, dakSamitrA, padmAvatI, durlabhadevI jevAM thoDAMka nAma strIo mATe prayAjAyelAM prApta thayAM che. uparyukta nAmonAM pUrvapadanAM vargIkaraNathI A kAlanA lokonAM nAmakaraNanI pravRttiprakriyA vize sAro khyAla maLe che. rudra, Izvara, uSava jevAM pUrvapadathI loko IzvaranAM nAma uparathI manuSya nAma prayojatA haze ema darzAvI zakAya che. bhartu, vIra, jeTha, dakSa, satya jevAM pUrvapadathI guNavAcaka nAmonA pracArano khyAla Ave che. siMha ane RSabha jevA pazu tathA padha, parNa, dAma jevI vanaspati uparathI nAma pADavAno rivAja samajAya che. jaya, yaza, satya, siddha jevAM pUrvapadayukta bhAvavAcaka nAma, vizAkhA jevAM nakSatra uparathI prayojAtAM nAma, saMgha jevAM samUhavAcaka nAma uparathI nAmakaraNa prakriyAnI vividhatAno suMdara khyAla prApta thAya che. nakSatra, tArA, caMdra, graha, sUrya, gagana, nadI, sAgara, vRkSa, puSpa, devatA vagerenA saMdarbhamAM prayojAtAM For Personal & Private Use Only

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355 prakaraNa ekavIsa nAma vizenI jANakArI vijJAmAMthI hAthavagI thAya che. varNa, jJAti, gotra uSavadAttanA zilAlekhothI brAhmaNa, kolika jevI jJAti tathA zaka jevI jAtino khyAla thAya che. rudradAmAnA lekhathI pallava jAtino ane rudrasiMha 1lAnA lekhathI tathA IzvaradattanA sikkAthI AbhIra jAtino khyAla prApta thAya che. vijJA be prakAranA manuSyanI mAhitI Ape cheH Arya ane sveccha. brAhmaNa, kSatriya ane vaizyano samAveza Arya lokomAM ane zudrano samAveza pleccha lokomAM thato evuM emAM darzAvyuM che. AthI, anumAnI zakAya ke A kALanA gujarAtamAM cAra varNanuM astitva haze. opazati, zinika, mAnasa, vatsa, caraka vagere gotrano paricaya Abhilekhika jJApakothI thAya che. A uparAMta bhArgava, gautama, kAzyapa, aMgirasa, zAMDilya jevAM gotrano vijJAmAM nirdeza che. mAsa, tithi, parva uSavadAre ApelAM dAna uparathI tatkAlIna parva ke utsavanI koI mAhitI hAthavagI thatI nathI. sAmAnya rIte, dharmadaya pUrNimA ke amAvasyAnA divase thatAM hoya che. paraMtu A samayanA upalabdha koI lekhamAM A bemAMthI ekeya tithino nirdeza nathI. kSatraponA lekhonAM avalokana karavAthI sUcavAya che ke nava vakhata mahinAno ullekha thayo che ane sAta vakhata tithino. AmAM traNa vAra suda paMcamIno, be vakhata vada paMcamIno ullekha dhyAnapAtra che. AthI, ema kahI zakAya ke suda ane vada pAMcamanuM mahattva kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtamAM vizeSa hovuM joIe. kArtika, mArgazIrSa, phAlgana, caitra, vaizAkha, bhAdrapada e cha mahinAno ullekha hAthavago thAya che. AthI, anumAna karI zakAya ke mahinAnAM arvAcIna nAma tyAreya pracalita hatAM. chatAM divasanuM mahattva samajAyuM na hatuM. Aje cAturmAsano je mahimA che ane temAMya zrAvaNanuM je zraddheya mahattva che te tyAre noMdhapAtra na hoya tema temanA anullekhathI samajAya che. rAcaracIluM gRhasajAvaTamAM rAcaracIlAnuM sthAna agatyanuM gaNAya che. saMvijJAnanuM adhyayanathI A vize thoDIghaNI mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. palaMga, khurazI, mAMcI, pATalI jevAM Asanono ullekha che. paththara, lAkaDuM, dhAtuM hADakuM sAmAnya rIte rAcaracIlAnI banAvaTamAM vaparAtAM hatAM. vAhana-vyavahAra A kALanA gujarAtamAM vepAravaNajanI jAhojalAlIno ullekha ApaNe agAu ryo che. bharUca jevAM baMdare AvatI ane pachI ahIMthI nikAsa thatI cIjavastuo kyA mArge AvatI haze te aMge koI khAsa pratyakSa pramANa prApta thayAM nathI. saMbhavataH jamInamArgano vizeSa upayoga thato haze. bhAravAhaka ane manuSyavAhaka vAhanamAM ghoDA, hAthI, vRSabha, UMTa, gADuM, baLadagADI, ghoDAgADI, pAlakhI, ratha, DoLI vagereno ullekha vijJAmAM hoI te vAhanono upayoga thato hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya.... For Personal & Private Use Only

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356 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta nahapAnanA samayanA eka lekhamAM jaLayAna vAstu hoDIonI vyavasthA karavA kAje uSavadAre dAna ApyAnI vigata nirdezita che. AthI, evuM sUcavI zakAya ke saMbhavata: jaLamArgano paNa upayoga AvanajAvana sAru thato haze. periplasamAM ullekha che ke bArigAjhAno akhAta sAMkaDo che ane juvALanI-bharatInI sthiti evI che ke ghaDImAM dariyAnuM taLiyuM dekhAya che to ghaDImAM dharatI pANImAM DUbI jAya che. AthI, chIcharA pANImAM jaI zake evI hoDIthI sajja bhomiyA surASTra pradezanA kAMThA sudhI jatA ane bArigAjhA AvavA mATe vahANone mArgadarzana ApatA. A saMdarbhe evuM sUcavI zakAya surASTra vistAra ane kAzmIra pradezanI cIjavastuo saMbhavataH nAnI hoDI mAraphate bharukaccha baMdare AvatI haze. jaLavAhanonAM hoDI, tarApA (trAppagA) tathA koTiyA jevA vAhanano nirdeza periplasamAM ane aMvijJAmAM jovA maLe che. vAsaNamUsaNa thALI, tAsaka, kuMDI, pyAlA jevAM vAsaNano khyAla vijJAmAMthI maLe che. vAsaNo kuMbhAra ane kaMsArA loko taiyAra karatA hatA. lAkaDAM ane hAkaDAMmAMthIya vAsaNo nirmANa thatAM hatAM. uparAMta vividha ghATanAM-prakAranAM mATInAM vAsaNonA avazeSa keTalAMka sthaLoethI prApta thayAM che. tadanusAra rakAbI, vATakI, anAja ke pANI bharavAnI koThI, kUjA vagerenA upayoganI jANakArI maLI rahe che. vyavasAya gujarAtamAM thayelAM keTalAMka utpananakAryamAMthI hAthavagA thayelA avazeSa uparathI kSatrapakAla daramyAna ApaNA pradezamAM vividha prakAranA hunnara astitva dharAvatA hovAnI bAbata ApaNe avalokI lIdhI che. (juo pariziSTa agiyAra). saMvijhAmAM pAMca prakAranA vyavasAyano ullekha che : sarakArI nokarI, vepAra-vANijaya, khetI-pazupAlana, kAMtaNavaNATa ane majUrI. A uparAMta nAvanirmANano vyavasAya, sonIkAmano dhaMdho, luhArakAma ane suthArIkAmanA vyavasAya, kaMsArAkAryanI pravRtti, vaNakarI vyavasAya ityAdinoya nirdeza che. sikkA taiyAra karavAnI paNa dhaMdhAkIya pravRtti vikAsa pAmI hoya, ema kSatrapa sikkAnI aDhaLaka upalabdhithI sUcavAya che. mUrtikaLAno vyavasAya paNa hayAta hovo joIe. kaDiyAkAmano dhaMdho vikaselo hovAnuM kahI zakAya. IMTo banAvavAnI pravRtti paNa moTA pAye thatI haze. salAhakAryanA astitvanI noMdha levI rahI. mAnyatA ane vahema aMvijhAmAMthI A vize vipula mAhitI meLavI zakAya che. pUrvakALe aMgavidyA eka lokapriya zAstra hatuM. zarIranA vibhinna prakAranAM halanacalana, lakSaNo, nimitta vagere uparathI zubhAzubha phalAdeza A vidyAno varyaviSaya hato. brAhmaNa-bauddha-jaina dharmomAM A vidyAno niSedha spaSTa rIte darzAvyo che; khAsa karIne brAhmaNo-sAdhuo-bhikSuo jevI kakSAnA loko mATe. chatAMya A vidyAnAM astitva ane mahattva hatAM tathA eno anuyAyI varga ghaNo moTo hato. zarIranAM vividha lakSaNo uparathI thatA bhaviSyakathanamAM lokone vizeSa zraddhA hovAnuM kahI zakAya. aMgavidyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa ekavIsa 357 vaDe jaya-parAjaya, lAbhAlAbha, sukhaduHkha, jIvanamaraNa, sukALa-dukALa AdinuM jJAna prApta thAya che. saMvijJA graMthanuM mukhya vastu mAnavazarIra AsapAsa saMlagnita hoI mAnavInA pratyaka prakAranAM vahema, mAnyatA, zraddhA-azraddhA vagere vize vistArathI vigato saMprApta thAya che 5. pAdanoMdha 1,3,4 ane 6. duSyata paMDyA, periplasano gujarAtI anuvAda, pRSTha 18, 45 ane 66, phakaro 40-41; pRSTha 17, phakaro 40; phakarA 40thI 45 ane pRSTha 18, 46 ane 61 anukrame. 2,5ane7. majumadAra (anu.), TolemI, pRSTha 36; ane pRSTha 38-39; tathA pRSTha 150 anukrame. 8. boMge.. pustaka 8, pRSTha 446. 9. juo phakaro 42. 10. e hisTarI oNva ImporTanTa enzanTa TAunsa eNnDa siTijha ina gujarAta, pRSTha 25-26. 11ane12. majumadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 37-38 ane 39 anukrame. 13ane14. juo phakaro 41 ane 42 anukrame. 15. majumadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 38-39, 48, 151, 358, 371. 16. umAzaMkara jozI, purANomAM gujarAta, pRSTha 53-54. 17. juo phakaro 40, 43 ane 45. 18. majumadAra, uparyukta, pRSTha 37-38 ane pRSTha 149thI 154. 19. phakaro 47-49. ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke periplasanA samayamAM bharUcano rAjA nahapAna hato ane kozasamudra hato. 20. AyAta ane nikAsa thatI cIjavastuo mATe juo periplasa, phakarA 48 ane 49. 21. eI., pustaka 8, pRSTha parathI. 22. dharmAnaMda kosaMbI, bauddhasaMghano paricaya, 1924, pRSTha 3. 23. pAdanoMdha 21 mujaba. 24. basarAmAMthI (pUrvakAlIna vaizAlImAMthI) prApta thayelAM keTalAMka mATInAM mudrAMka A samayanI zreNI saMsthAonI vyavasthA upara sAro prakAza pAthare che (juo : AsaIrI., 1903-04, pRSTha 106; 1911-12, pRSTha 56; ane 1913-14, pRSTha 138). 25. korporeTa lAIpha Ina InDiyA, pRSTha 17-19 ane 38. 26. ei., pustaka 8, pRSTha 78thI. 27. juo phakaro 41. 28. raNonAnantare vAyoH panADu: pauSadham | sAkSAdiva sthitaM yatra zakAdhipati jIvitam // yasyopayogena zakAGga nAnAM lAvaNya sArAdivi nirmitAnAm / kapolakAntyA vijitaH zazAGka rasAtalaM gacchati nirvideva / / (3ttarataMtra, prakaraNa 49) 29. vAhitnI: havAthInA: tIkSA yavana: zal: mAM dhUma maLIzastra vaizvAna vitA vityA thAna, prakaraNa 30, pRSTha 316). For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 358 30. khAnapAna, phaLaphaLAdi, bhojananI vAnagIo, pINAM A badhAMnI vigatavAra mAhitI mATe juo saMvidhnA adhyAya 9, 22, 32 ane 37mAMno saMbaMdhita prakaraNa. uparAMta juo raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa-saMzodhana, prakaraNa 16; saMvijJA, prastAvanA, pRSTha 39 ane 42. 31ane32. ejana, pRSTha 40, 42, 60, 62 ane raseza jamInadAra, eMjana, prakaraNa 16. uparAMta vadhu mAhitI mATe saMvinnAmAM navamA adhyAyamAM saMbaMdhita prakaraNa jovAM. 19, 33. ha.dhI.sAMkaLiyAe A bAbate upAdeyI adhyayana prastuta karyuM che emanA graMtha sTaDIjha ina dha hisTorikala eNnDa kalcaralsa jyaoNgrAphI eNnDa ethnogrAphI oNva gujarAtamAM. kSatrapakAlIna gurjara nAmakaraNa mATe juo raseza jamanIdAra, sTaDIjha ina inDiyana plesanemsa, pustaka, 19. pRSTha. 34. juo prastAvanA, pRSTha 46 ane 67-68. raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa saMzodhana, prakaraNa 16. 35thI 38. ejana, pRSTha 45, 36; 45-46 ane 66-67; 38 ane 58; 38, 49, 73 anukrame 39. ei., pustaka 8. 40, phakarA 43thI 45. 41ane42. prastAvanA pRSTha 49 ane 73; tathA 39 ane 60 anukrame. uparAMta juo raseza jamInadAra, itihAsa-saMzodhana, prakaraNa 16. 43. juo prakaraNa 19thI 21. uparAMta saMdarbhagraMthamAM nirdiSTa utkhanana ahevAla paNa avalokyA. 44-45. prastAvanA pRSTha 47 ane 69; ane 35-37, 57-58 anukrame. uparAMta raseza jamInadAra, uparyukta, prakaraNa 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAvIsa rASTrIya virAsatamAM yogadAna bhUmikA agAunAM ekavIsa prakaraNa ane bAra pariziSTa mAraphate gujarAtanA pUrvakALanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtimAM kSatrapakAlanuM lAkSaNika ane keTalIka bAbatamAM prathamadarzI mahattva kevAM svarUpanuM che tenAM vigatavAra pRthakkuta avalokana ApaNe karyo che. eTaluM ja nahIM ApaNA rASTranAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA vikAsazIla ghaDataramAMya kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtano dAyItvapUrNa phALo dhyAnArha hato te hakIkatI ghaTanAo ApaNe avalokI. mahattvanI bAbata dezanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA pariprekSyamAM avalokIe to kSatrapakAlanI pahelAM ane pachInA samayamAM rASTrakakSAe be mahAna rAjavaMzonI sattAo abhyadayI paristhitimAM to hatI paraMtu e baMne mahAsAmrAjyoe gujarAta pradezane mahattvanuM dhyAnArha sthAna bahyuM hatuM tenI pratIti girinagaranA parisaramAM sthita azokanA zailalekhothI prakhyAta khaDakalekhothI thAya che. A baMne rAjavaMzo sAmrAjayo hatAM mauryavaMza ane guptavaMza. A baMne sattAonI rAjadhAnI gujarAtathI dUra dezanA pUrvabhAgamAM vartamAna bihAra rAjyanI rAjadhAnI paTaNAmAM (pUrvakAlIna pATalIputramAM) hatI ane chatAMya baMne rAjasattAonA sAmrAjayanA bhUbhAgamAM gujarAtano pradeza mahattvanA prAMta tarIke prasthApita ane pratiSThita hato. girinagaranA ukta zailakhaMDamAM eka tarapha maurya samrATa azokanuM ane bIjI bAju gupta samrATa skaMdaguptanuM lakhANa ane trIjI tarapha kSatrapa rAjavI rudradAmAnuM lakhANa A bAbatanI sAhedI bakSe che. Ama to, kSatrapono rAjavaMza sthAnika kakSAno hato ane chatAMya dezanI be mahAsattAonA sAMskRtika yogadAnanI haroLamAM UbhA rahevAnI kSamatA dharAvato hato. AThaso varSanA (IsvI pUrva cothI sadIthI IsvInI cothI sadI paryata) prastuta kAlakhaMDa daramyAna gujarAte aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika pradAnanA pariprekSyamAM tatkAlIna bhAratanA vikAsamAM lAkSaNika bhAta-paraMparAmAM mUThI UMceruM kAThuM upasAvyuM hatuM. ahIM have ApaNe kSatraponA zAsanasamayanI sAMskRtika mAholanI lAkSaNika tasavIra darzAvavAno namra prayAsa karIzuM. dIrthazAsana ane svataMtra rAjya - videzI zaka jAtinA ane pazcimI kSatrapothI vizeSa khyAta evA kSatrapavaMzanA trIsa jeTalA rAjAoe AjanA pazcima bhAratamAM ane khAsa karIne tatkAlIna bRhada gujarAtamAM Azare cAraso varSa sudhI suzAsana karIne gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna rAjakIya itihAsamAM sahu prathama dIrghazAsita ane gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtimAM pahelaprathama svataMtra rAjakIya ane bhaugolika ekamanI prasthApanAmAM A rAjavaMze gujarAtamAM rAjakIya itihAsanAM ghaDataramAM ane te dvArA bhAratanA rAjakIya itihAsanAM ghaDataramAM potAno viziSTa ane lAkSaNika phALo noMdhAvyo che. eTaluM ja nahIM ATalA lAMbA kALa daramyAna vyavasthita rAjya calAvI taMdurasta rAjavahIvaTIya praNAli ane paraMparA For Personal & Private Use Only

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360 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta prasthApavAnI eka umadA taka aMke karI hatI. agAu noMdhyuM tema gujarAtanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM kSatrapa rAjavIonuM zAsana to niHzaMka paheluM dIrthazAsana to che ja; paNa bhAratanA aitihAsikayuganA rAjavaMzomAMya prAyaH emanuM dIrthazAsana Adya hovA saMbhave che; kema ke emanA purogAmI rAjavaMza mauryoe lagabhaga ekaso ogaNa-cAlIsa varSa (IsvIpUrve 322thI IsvIpUrva 184) jeTalo samaya zAsananAM sUtro saMbhALyAM hatAM; jyAre emanA anugAmI rAjavaMzanA guptoe lagabhaga doDhaso varSa sudhI (IsvI 319thI 470 sudhI) rAjasattA saMbhALI hatI. Ama, gujarAta ane te sAthe bhAratanA rAjakIya itihAsamAM kSatrapa rAjavaMzanuM mahattvanuM pradAna che emanI dIrthazAsana praNAlI ane gujarAta saMdarbhe emanuM dhyAnArNa yogadAna che emaNe sthApeluM sahu prathama svataMtra rAjya. rAjyavistAra kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjavI nahapAnanA samayamAM to kSatrapa rAjyanI bhaugolika sarahadamAM uttare rAjasthAnanA puSkara-ajamerathI AraMbhI dakSiNamAM mahArASTranA uttara kAMkaNa (nAsika) sudhI ane pUrvamAM mALavA (ujjayinI)thI pazcime sthita dariyAkinArA (jemAM siMdha, kaccha, surASTra, dakSiNa gujarAta ane mahArASTranA samudrakAMThA) sudhInA pradezano samAveza thato hato. alabatta nahapAnanA samayamAM dakSiNanA sAtavAhana zAsakoe kSaharAtono dakSiNa vistArano keTaloka pradeza jItI lIdho hato, je thoDA vakhatamAM laharAtonA anugAmI rAjakuLanA rAjA cAnTana ane enA pautra rudradAmAe saMyukta rIte gumAvelA vistAra punazca aMke karI lIdhA hatA tyAre pazcimI kSatraponA rAjavahIvaTa heThaLa rAjasthAna, mALavA ane gujarAtano samAveza thato hato. kSatrapa rAjavaMzanA amalanA aMtabhAgamAM saMbhava che ke rAjasthAna ane mALavA. uparanuM Adhipatya emaNe gumAvyuM hoya. to paNa gujarAta uparanI emanI rAjasattA pAMcamI sadInA prathama caraNanA madhyabhAga sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. Ama, kyAreka uttara, pUrva ke dakSiNanA keTalAka pradezo gumAvyA chatAMya samagra gujarAta to emanA vahIvaTa heThaLa cheka sudhI hatuM. sudaDha rAjyapraNAlI kSatrapa rAjaoe potAnA dIrthazAsanakALa daramyAna samakAlIna sAtavAhano, yaudheyo ane raikUTaka rAjasattAo sAthenA saMgharSamAM vijaya hAMsala karyA hatA. kSatrapoe AbhIrone to potAnA lazkaramAM sthAna ApIne emanI sAthe rAjakIya saMbaMdha daDha karyo hato. dakSiNanA sAtavAhana rAjAne be vakhata parAjita karyA chatAMya eno pradeza nA jhUMTavI laI rAjakIya audArya bakSavA jeTaluM saujanya kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAne phALe jAya che, jeno spaSTa paDagho anukAlamAM gupta rAjavI samudraguptanA, dakSiNanA pradezo jItyA pachI paNa te pradezo khAlasA nA karI batAvelA, rAjakIya DahApaNamAM joI zakIe chIe. A rIte, rAjyavahIvaTamAM sudaDha praNAlikAo prasthApita karI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAte bhAratanA rAjakIya itihAsanI vikAsa prakriyAmAM alpa paNa amUlya yogadAna bakSya che. girinagaranA khaDakalekhanuM mahattva kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA, girinagaranA prAMgaNamAM sudarzana taLAvanA kAMThe sthita khaDaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAvIsa uparanA, lekhanAM aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika mahattva adakerAM che. eno A lekha girinagaramAM AvelA sudarzana jaLAzayanA nirmANanA samArakAma aMge utkIrNa karAyo che. A lakhANamAM zarUAtamAM ativRSTithI baMdhanA tUTyAno ane pachI tUTelA baMdhane samarAvIne tene traNagaNo majabUta tema ja vistRta karAvyAno nirdeza che. Ama to A samArakAmane sparzatI prAsaMgika hakIkatI mAhitI kahevAya. paraMtu A lakhANanuM kharuM aitihAsika mahattva emAMnI AThamI-navamI paMktimAM samAyeluM che; kema ke emAM jaLAzayano pUrva itihAsa ullekha pAmyo che. tadanusAra A jaLAzaya maurya samrATa caMdraguptanA rASTrIya (sUbA) puSyagupta vaizya baMdhAveluM ane anukAlamAM tenA pautra azoka mauryanA rASTrIya yavanarAja tuSAphe temAMthI nahero taiyAra karAvI siMcAInI suvidhA karelI teno rudradAmAnA lekhamAM thayelo nirdeza aitihAsika dRSTino apratima ane advitIya namUno to che ja; paNa bhAratanA pUrvakAlIna itihAsamAM A prakArano Abhilekhika purAvo pahelaprathama che. Ama, A lekhamAM nihita mauryakAlanI prastuta hakIkata uparathI khasUsa eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke ghaTanAone lagatI aitihAsika noMdha rAkhavAnI koI viziSTa vyavasthA kSatrapakAla daramyAna hovAnI pratIti thAya che. kaho ke, dastAvejIkaraNa ke daphataravidyAne sUcavato Abhilekhika evo A purAvo girinagaranA lakhANathI hAthavago thAya che. mauryonA samakAlIna koI jJApakamAM ke anukAlIna paNa prA-kSatrapakAlIna koI sAdhanamAMya A paratve, kazoya ullekha nathI. tyAre rudradAmAnA lakhANamAMnI prastuta vigata ApaNA dezamAM daphataravidyAnA itihAsamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. Ama aitihAsika dastAvejI noMdha rAkhavAnI vahIvaTI praNAlI kSatrapakAlIna gujarAte rASTrane caraNe samarpita karI ema kahI zakAya. kAlagaNanAmAM prathama ApaNe avalokI lIdhuM che ke zaka saMvatanI prasthApanA kSatrapa rAjavI cASTrane karI hatI. Ama bhAratavarSamAM pracalita-prasArita zaka saMvatanI saMsthApanA karIne, pazcima bhAratamAM cAra cAra sadI paryaMta te saMvatane cAlu rAkhIne bhAratIya saMvatonA itihAsamAM mUThI UMceruM sthAna apAvIne tema ja e saMvata anukAlamAM emanI jAtinA nAma uparathI zabda saMvata tarIke oLakhAvyo te parathI ane je saMvata Ajeya bhAratanA keTalAka bhUbhAgamAM amalI che tema ja bhAratIya jyotiSavidyAmAM enuM je AgavuM sthAna che te uparathI ane svataMtra bhAratanA rASTrIya saMvata tarIke jenuM sanmAna thayuM che te parathI spaSTa thAya che. A rIte, bhAratIya kAlagaNanAnA itihAsamAMya kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtano phALo vizeSa dhyAnArha gaNAya che. sthApatya ane zilpa 361 jUnAgaDhamAM giranAranI taLeTImAM sthita bAvApyArA ane uparakoTano zailotkIrNa guphAsamUha, A guphAomAM kaMDArelI ane surakSita manohara zilpAkRtio ane anya bhaumitika AkRtio, caityagavAkSo ane viziSTa bhAta-paraMparA, staMbha-nirmANa zailI-A badhAMne kAraNe bhAratanI pUrvakAlanI zailotkIrNa guphAomAM mahattvanuM lAkSaNika sthAna A sthApatyakaLAe saMprApta kyuM che. AvI ja rIte, cAreka dAyakA pUrve devanI morInA mahAstUpa ane mahAvihAre paNa ApaNA dezanAM IMTerI sthApatyamAM AgavuM sthAna aMke karyuM che; khAsa karIne mahAtUpanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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362 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta peTALamAMthI hAtha lAgelo aitihAsika lakhANa sAtheno zailasamudgaka ane mahAtUpanI dIvAlomAM sthita pakvamRttikAmAMthI nirmAyelI bhagavAna buddhanI Dajhaneka pratimAonA kAraNe. bhAratIya sUpasthApatyamAMnA keTalAkanA peTALamAMthI maLelA zailasamudgaka upara nidrAnasUtra ke pratItyasamucano bauddhadharmano vikhyAta siddhAMta kaMDArelo hoya evA namUnA bahu ochA maLyA che tyAre devanI morInA pASANadAbaDAnuM mahattva dhyAnA bane che. A ja pramANe devanI morInA mahAtRpamAMthI hAtha lAgelI buddhapratimA bhAratanI pUrvakALanI mRttikAzilpAkRtiomAM adakerA sthAnanI adhikArI che; khAsa to, mATInA phalakanI pazcAdbhU upara upasAvelI, kaMDArelI ane pachI pakavelI dhyAnastha buddhanI pratimAo enI viziSTa kalAkArigIrIne kAraNe. dArzanika sAhitya jainonAM Agama sAhityamAM dvAdaza aMga hatAM; jemAMnuM jJAna sudharmAthI AraMbhIne bhadrabAhu sudhInA gaNadharoe jALavI rAkhyuM hatuM. AvAM lupta Agamone mauryakALamAM magadhamAM maLelI pariSade saMkalita karyA hatAM. paraMtu kALabaLe A Agamo chinnabhinna thatAM gayAM. AthI, ApaNe avalokI gayA tema vIranirmANanA lagabhaga 8ra7 (ke 840) varSa pachI eTale ke IsvI 300 (ke 313)mAM Agamone suvyavasthita karavA kAje ane AgamavAcanAne punazca saMkalita karavA arthe Arya skaMdilanA adhyakSasthAne mathurAmAM ane A ja samaya daramyAna gujarAtamAM valabhImAM nAgArjunanA pramukhapade zramaNasaMdha ekatrita thayo ane jemane jemane Agama sUtra ke khaMDa smaraNamAM hatAM te lakhavA ke lakhAvA lAgyA. Ama lekhita svarUpe eka sAthe be vAcanA taiyAra thaI je anukrame mAthurInA vAcanA ane vAlathI vAcanAthI khyAta che. kSatrapakAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM thayelI A mahattvanI dArzanika sAhityika pravRttinuM bhAratanA jaina Agama sAhityanAM kSetramAM ApaNuM mahAna yogadAna gaNAvI zakAya. sAhityika pravRtti bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA kSetramAM malavAdI racita dazAranavakra ane siddhasena divAkarakRta sanmati dvArA graMthoe mahattvanAM pradAna karyA che. samakAlIna ke pUrvakAlIna, jaina ke jainetara tAttvika vicAradhAraone, zakya teTalI rIte pRthaskRta ane vizleSita karIne, yogya sthAna prasthApIne temAMnA lAbha darzAvatA, A baMne graMthonA prayatna prAmANika, prazasya ane prAya: pahelaprathama che. Ama ApaNA dezanA dArzanika sAhityAkAzamAM kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dhruva tArakasama agrima haroLanA sthAnanuM adhikArItva aMke kare che. jainadharmamAM rAmakathAnA svarUpane paramariya (padmacarita)rUpe pracAramAM lAvavAnuM sahu prathama kArya saMbhavataH mallavAdInA pAvarita graMthathI thayeluM jovuM prApta thAya che. evI ja rIte, ajJAta lekhakakRta saMvinA graMtha phalAdezano uttama graMtha hoI, bhAratanA phalAdeza sAhityamAM paNa gujarAte te dvArA dhyAnArya yogadAna bakSya che ema khasUsa kahI zakAya. rAjA rudradAmAno jUnAgaDhano zailalekha saMskRta gadyakAvyanA ane devanI morIno zailasamugaka lekha saMskRta vRttabaddha padyanA, bhAratanA upalabdha saMskRta sAhityamAM, Adya zreSTha namUnA tarIke mahattvanAM sthAna saMprApta kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa bAvIsa 363 dharma-sahiSNutA dharma kSetre sahiSNutA darzAvavI e eka daSTie, kaho ke vaizvika pariprekSyamAM, azakya nahIM to muzkela kArya jarUra che. jo ke bhAratanI sAMskRtika paraMparAmAM dhArmika sahiSNutA hakIkate tANAvANAnI jema mAnavajIvanamAM gUMthAyelI che. A bAbateya kSatrapa rAjAo ane tatkAlIna gurjara prajA mUThI UMceruM kAThuM upasAvI zakyA che. kSatrapa zAsakonA rAjya-amala daramyAna gujarAtamAM eka sAthe bauddha, jaina ane hindu dharmo (khAsa karIne pAzupata zaiva saMpradAya) pravartamAna ane pracArita hatA tema ja pratyekanuM potAnuM AgavuM vyaktitva paNa sucAru rIte sudaDha hatuM. alabatta, A traNeya dharma vacce tAttvika kakSAnA vAdavivAda thatA rahelA hovA chatAMya ekaMdare kaDavAzanAM vAtAvaraNa ane paryAvaraNa khAsa kyAMya jovA maLatAM nathI tema ja te miSe koI hiMsaka athaDAmaNa paNa noMdhAI nathI. Ama, dhArmika sahiSNutA kSetreya gujarAta unnata mastake gatimAna hatuM ane ApaNe kSatrapakAlanuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa gaNAvI zakIe. pAzupata zaivapaMthanuM uddabhavasthAna vaDodarA jillAmAM sthita hAlanA kAravaNa (tatkALe kAyAvarohaNa)mAM che. A paMthanA pravartaka nakulIza-lakulIzano avatAra A sthaLe thayo hovAnuM spaSTa che. A rIte, pAzupata saMpradAya mAraphate gujarAta ane kSatrapoe zaivasaMpradAyanA vikAsamAM potAno prazasya phALo bakyo che. jainadharmanA zvetAMbara ane digaMbara paMthanA vibheda paNa gujarAtamAM kSatrapakAla daramyAna thayelA ema eka jaina anuzrutithI sUcavAya che. devendrasUrinAM tarjanasara (zloka 11) ane mavasaMprada (zloka pa2-75) pustakomAM jaNAvelI vikrama saMvata 136mAM valabhImAM thayelI seva (jetapaTazvetAMbara) saMpradAyanI utpatti tema ja digaMbara saMpradAyamAM jaNAvelI vIra saMvata 609 (vikrama saMvata 139)mAM valabhIpuramAM thayelI ti (vastradhArI) saMpradAyanI utpattine lagatI anuzruti vigate aitihAsika na hoya to paNa jaina dharmanA A be peTA saMpradAya gujarAta sAthe saMlagnita hovAno pratyaya thAya che. Ama, kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtano jaina dharmanA abhyadayamAM ane dhArmika sahiSNutAmAM prazaMsAI phALo hovAnuM gaNAvI zakAya. vepAravaNaja kSetre ' gujarAte A kSetre paNa pAchI pAnI karI nathI; balake ema kahevuM joIe ke vepAravaNajanA kSetre gujarAtanuM yogadAna dhyAnA svarUpanuM hatuM. videzo sAthenA vepAramAM kSatrapakAla daramyAna samagra dezanuM mahattvanuM vepArI mathaka ane baMdara hatuM bharukaccha; je kSatraponA prAraMbhika amala daramyAna eTale ke kSaharAta rAjA nahapAnI te rAjadhAnI hatI. cheka mAlavA ane rAjasthAna tema ja dakSiNa bhAratanA ghaNA vistAromAMthI A baMdare kAco mAla ane taiyAra cIjavastuo AvatAM ane ahIMthI tenI nikAsa videzamAM thatI hatI. tema videzathI AvatI eTale AyAta thatI cIjavastuo paNa bharUca baMdare ThalavAtI evI noMdha pariplase karI che. IsunA AraMbhakALa sudhI grIka lakhANavALA ane sikaMdaranA anugAmI rAjAo apaladatta ane minenTaranI chApavALA sikkAonuM-dirAmanuM calaNa bArIgAjhAmAM che ane dezI calaNanA badalAmAM jenA upara sAro vaTAva maLe che tevA sonAcAMdInA sikkA bharUcamAM ThalavAya che evA periplasanA ullekhathI sUcita thAya che ke kSatrapakAlanA zAsananA AraMbhamAM videzo sAthe, khAsa For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta karIne grIsa ane roma sAtheno gujarAtano vepAra ghaNA vyApaka pramANamAM thato raheto hato ane bharukaccha e vepAra-udyoganuM tyAre dhIkatuM vANijiyaka mathaka ane moTuM baMdara hatuM. ahIM e bAbata noMdhavA yogya che ke periplasanA samayamAM bharUcano rAjA nahapAna hato ane te kozasamRddha hato. bharUca uparAMta kAmareja, dvArakA, mAMgaroLa, prabhAsa, gopanAtha, hAthaba, valabhI, nagarA, saMjANa vagere samudrataTe ke samudra pAse AvelAM sthaLavizeSa paNa vepAravANijayanAM baMdaranagaro tarIke pratiSThita hatAM. Ama, guptakAlIna bhAratanI Arthika samRddhanuM rahasya kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanA vepAravaNajanI pravRttika prakriyAthI spaSTa thAya che. sAMskRtika yogadAnanAM zApaka kSatrapakAlIna gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA vizleSaNa ane nirUpaNamAM mukhya ane mahattvanAM jJApaka che kSatrapa rAjAoe nirmANa karAvelA ane vartamAne moTI saMkhyAmAM hAthavagA thayelA cAdInA sikkA. A sikkAsAdhane kevaLa gujarAtamAM ja nahIM, bhAratanA pUrvakALanA sikkAmAMya anokhuM ane advitIya sthAna saMprApta karyuM che. alabatta, A rAjAonA cAMdInA pratyeka sikkAmAM sthAna pAmelI rAjAnI mukhAkRti upara grIka asara bhale sUcavAya; paraMtu A rIte sikkA upara tenA nirmANakartA rAjAnI mukhAkRtine sthAna ApavAnI kSatraponI praNAlikA anukALamAM pravartamAna rahI teno kharo yaza prAyaH kSatrapa sikkAne phALe jAya che te ghaTanA ja dhyAnAha gaNAya; kema ke cAra saikA sudhI emanA sikkAe A prathAne avirata amalI banAvI hatI. paNa sikkAvijJAnanA kSetramAM AthI vizeSa mahattva A sikkAonuM che pRSThabhAga upara upasAvelAM lakhANamAM. apavAda sivAya cAMdInA pratyeka sikkA upara tenA sarjakarAjAnAM nAma ane hoddA sahitanI vigata uparAMta tenA pitAnAM nAma ane hoddAno nirdeza karavAnI paddhatie, kaho ke abhinava prathAe, rAjakIya itihAsanAM nirUpaNamAM agatyanI evI vaMzAvaLI taiyAra karavA kAje ati upakAraka evI vaijJAnika paddhati prasthApita karI bhAratanA pUrvakALanA sikkAzAstranA itihAsamAM viziSTa sthAna aMke karI lIdhuM che te svayam dhyAnArha che; je prathA anukALe gupta rAjAonA sonAnA ane kSatrapa anukaraNayukta emanA cAMdInA sikkAmAM paNa jovI prApta thatI nathI. bhAratIya sikkAvidyAno A eka rasaprada koyaDo che. - sikkA upara miti darzAvavAnI prathA paNa kSatrapa sikkAnI bIjI vizeSatA che, je prathA pachIthI gupta samrATonA sikkAmAM cAlu rahI hatI. A prathAne kAraNe je te rAjavaMzanI sAlavArI taiyAra karavAmAM sugamatA prApta thAya che. sikkA upara Ama tithinirdeza, kaho ke sikkA upara te pADayAnuM varSa ApavAnI, karavAnI paddhati saMbhavataH bhAratamAM pahelaprathama hatI. ane A kAraNeya bhAratIya sikkAvijJAnanA itihAsamAM kSatrapAlanuM sthAna mahattvanuM che. aMte Ama, samagratayA gujarAtanAM itihAsa ane saMskRtinA ghaDataramAM kSatrapakAlanuM ane te dvArA bhAratanA sarvagrAhI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanAM ghaDataramAM, kaho ke ApaNA dezanAM rAjakAraNa, rAjavahIvaTa, sikkAvijJAna, kAlagaNanA, lalitakaLA, sAhitya, dharma ane vepAravaNajanA vikAsamAM ane abhyadayamAM ghaNo phALo pradatta karyo che te bAbata ja gujarAtanA A kAlakhaMDanI vizeSatA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

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arthazAstra aesee ahiAMka ahii ahiDe ahinoi Agu Asai Asairi Asavei ie ihikA~ ihikavaoN insA. briTA. eiyu ejyaoNi ebhAorIi ekAka ei kaliej kaeNTalaoNga kehii kaoNii kaoNMhii guaile gurAsAMi grIbei jaio jaihi jai janyusoi jabiorIso kauTalyAjha arthazAstra arli ampAyarsa oNva senTrala eziyA arli hisTarI oNva dha AMdhra kanTri arli hisTarI oNva inDiyA arli hisTarI oNva dha Dekkana arli hisTarI oNva northa inDiyA ArkioNlaji oNva gujarAta ArkioNlaoNjikala sarve oNva inDiyA ArkioNlaoNjikala sarve oNva inDiyA ripaoNrTa ArkioNlaoNjikala sarve oNva vesTana inDiyA inDiyana epigraphi inDiyana hisTarI kaoNMgresa inDiyana hisTorikala kvaoNrTarlI insAIklapIDiA briTAnikA eja oNva impiriyala yuniTI. enzanTa jioNgraphi oNva inDiyA enAlsa oNva bhAMDArakara oNriyenTala rIsarca insTiTyUTa enTIkvITIjha oNva kAThiyAvADa eNnDa kaccha saMkSepasUci epignaphikA inDikA DAyanesTIjha oNva dha kali eja e kaeNTalaoNMga oNva inDiyana kaoNinsa ina briTiza myujhiyama kaeNmbrija hisTarI oNva inDiyA kaoNparsa inskripzanama inDikerama kaoNmprihensiva hisTarI oNva inDiyA gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa grIksa ina bekTriyA eNnDa inDiyA jarnala oNva inDiyana ozanika ArkioNlaji jarnala oNva inDiyana hisTarI jarnala oNva oNrienTala insTiTyUTa jarnala oNva nyumijhamaeNTika sosAyaTI oNva inDiyA jarnala oNva dha bihAra eNnDa orissA rIsarca sosAyaTI For Personal & Private Use Only

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366 jabaoNbAraoNeso jaraoNeso jaraoNesobeM jaina kAlagaNanA TaoNlemI TrAvelsa devanI morI nyuIe periplasa pohieI pradahikauM prilaeNmyuba phAgusatra baoNga bhAIrU bhAsi masayunija kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jarnala oNva dha baoNmbe brAnca oNva raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI jarnala oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI jarnala oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI oNva beMgAla vIra nirvANa saMvata aura jaina kAlagaNanA enzanTa inDiyA ejha DiskAI bAya TaoNlemI oNna yuAna zvAMgsa TrAvelsa ina inDiyA ekavezana eTa devanI morI nyu inDiyana enTIkverI dha periplasa oNva dha iriziyana sI paliTikala hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA prasIDiMgsa oNva dha inDiyana hisTarI kaoNMgresa prinsa oNva vaeNlsa myujhiyama buliTina phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA saimAsika gejheTisarya oNva dha baoNmbe presiDansI bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA bhAratIya sikke mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI jarnala maitrakakAlIna gujarAta maoNDarna rIvyu buddhisTa rikaoNrDajha oNva dha vesTarna varlDa mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAM lekTarsa oNna enzanTa inDiyana nyumijhamaeNTiksa vAkATaka-gupta eja dha zaksa ina inDiyA(satyazrAva) sIlekTa iskripzansa dha sithiyana pIriyaDa dha zaksa ina inDiyA(sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya) hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA hisTarI oNva enzanTa sivilijhezansa morI rikaoNrDajha rudradAmA lekTarsa vAgue satyazrAva sIi sIpI sudhAkara hieI hiesi For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMskRta-prAkRta-graMtha anuzAsana parva 65 aparAjitapRcchA (bhuvanadeva, saMpAdaka pI. e. mAMkaDa, vaDodarA, 1950) 339 arthazAstra (gaNapatizAstrI, zAmazAstrI) 86, 118, 161, 273 avestA 73, 84 aSTAdhyAyI 273 aSTAMgahRdaya 352 aMgavijajA paiNaya (puNyavijayajI, vArANasI, 1957) 9, 271-72, 351thI 58, 362 ArANyakaparva 65 AvazyakasUtra niryukti 102, 106thI 110, 180, 182 Rgveda 73 uttarAdhyayana 271 udyogaparva 65 upAyanaparva, (motIcaMdra, lakhanau, 1945) 65 aitareya brAhmaNa 84 karNaparva 65 kAlikAcArya kathA 64 gAgyasaMhitA 63, 67 caraka saMhitA 353 jAtakagraMtho 271 tithyogAlipainnaya 106, 110 tiloyapaNati 74, 81, 85, 102, 108-110 thAnAMgasUtta 264, 271 darzanasAra 363 durgavRtti 10 graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta dvAdazAranayacakra (mallavAdisUri, caturavijayajI ane lAlacaMda gAMdhI, vaDodarA, 1952), 9, 258 368 60, 274-75, 362 naMdisUtra cUrNi 64 nAradasmRti 231 nidAnasUtra 362 nyAyavatAra 9 paumacariya (yAkobI, puNyavijayajI, 1962), 262, 269, 362 paTTAvalIgAthA 103, 109 padmarita 261-62, 269, 362 purAtana-prabaMdha-saMgraha (jinabhadragaNi vagere, saMpAdaka jinavijayajI, kalakattA, 1936) 313 pratityasamutpAda 362 prabhAvakacarita (jinavijayajI, bhAvanagara, 1931) 257-58, 260-61, 267-269, 293 prabaMdha ciMtAmaNi (jinavijayajI, kolakAtA, 1933), 10 brahmajAlasUta (rIjha DeviDsa) 271 brAhmaNagraMtho 73 bhadrabAhusaMhitA (nemicaMdra zAstrI, 1959), 270 bhISmaparva 65 manusmRti 48, 50-51, 231, 271 mahAbhArata 50, 56, 65, 80 mahAbhASya 86 yugapurANa 63, 67, 69 rAjataraMgiNI 80 rAmakathA 362 rAmAyaNa 50, 53, 80, 261 liMgapurANa 292 vAjasaneyi saMhitA 73 vAyavIya saMhitA 291 vAyupurANa 102, 179, 292 vicArazreNI (meruttuMgAcArya, saMpAdaka jinavijayajI, kolakAtA, 1933) 102 For Personal & Private Use Only

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369 graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci vividhatIrthakalpa (jinaprabhasUri, saMpAdaka jinavijayajI, zAMtiniketana, 1934) 10, 293, 313 vividha pUjAsaMgraha 311 zatapatha brAhmaNa 84, 228 sabhAparva 65 sanmati prakaraNa 362 samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra 339 samavAyAMgasUtta 264, 271 sAmaveda 73 suzrutasaMhitA 87 harivaMza purANa (jinasena, saMpAdaka darabArIlAla, muMbaI) 102-03, 109-111, 348 harSacarita 144 noMdha : jyAM mAtra zloka saMdarbha Apyo che tyAM te graMthanA lekhaka ke , ane saMpAdakanAM nAmanirdeza jarUrI samajayA nathI, paraMtu jayAM saMpAdita graMthano ullekha che tyAM kauMsamAM jarUrI mAhitI ApI che. paNa jayAM aMgrejI saMpAdana che tenI mAhitI je te sthaLe che. ahIM nirdiSTa saMkhyA A graMthamAM jyAM teno ullekha che te pRSThasaMkhyA samajavI. gujarAtI graMtha atra tatra purAtattva : gujarAtano itihAsa, jayendra nANAvaTI, amadAvAda, 2003, (16, 314) itihAsa nirUpaNano abhigama, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1992(152) itihAsa saMkalpanA ane saMzodhano, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1989(152, 163) itihAsa saMmelana nibaMdhasaMgraha (1943), DolararAya mAMkaDa, amadAvAda, 1948(85) itihAsa saMzodhana, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1976(88, 109, 15-153, 178-79, 270, 272, 292, 358) eziyAI hUNo, kezava harSada dhruva, amadAvAda, 1921(51) aitihAsika saMzodhana, durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrI, muMbaI, 1941(292) karmavIra AnaMdapriyajI abhinaMdana graMtha, saMpAdana, vaDodarA, 1975(268-69) kSatrapakAlanuM gujarAta, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1975(178) gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci(khaMDa 2), amadAvAda, 1962(12) gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, girijAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya, muMbaI, 1933, (12, 133, 163) gujarAtanA caulukyakAlIna abhilekho : eka adhyayana, varSA gaganavihArI jAnI, amadAvAda, 1991 For Personal & Private Use Only

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390 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAno, durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrI, amadAvAda, 1950(87, 293) gujarAtanI rAjadhAnIo, rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha, amadAvAda, 1958(163) gujarAtanI zilpa samRddhi, ravi hajaranIsa, amadAvAda, 1998(341) gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna, kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave, (293) gujarAtane maLelo zilpa-sthApatyano vAraso, ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA, amadAvAda, 1968(326) gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 2, 2. cho. parIkha ane ha. gaM. zAstrI (saMpA.), 1972 (112,143-44, 163, 188, 198, 216, 311-12, 321, 326, 340, 345). gujarAtano sAMskRtika vAraso, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1990(152) gujarAtano solaMkIkAlIna itihAsa, navInacaMdra AcArya, amadAvAda, 1973 (5) jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta, bhogIlAla jayacaMda sAMDesarA, amadAvAda, 1952, (110, 187, 272) dvivedI abhinaMdana graMtha, kalyANavijayajI, 1934(64) paMDita becaradAsa dozI smRtigraMtha, madhusUdana DhAMkI ane sAgaramala jaina(saMpAdita), 1975(341) purANa vivecana, durgAzaMkara kevaLarAma zAstrI, amadAvAda, 1931(292) purANomAM gujarAta, umAzaMkara jozI, amadAvAda, 1946, (292, 357) prAguptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1994 (64-70, 131, 152, 179, 228-3) premI abhinaMdana graMtha, dalasukha mAlavaNiyA (saMpA.) (269) bauddha saMghano paricaya, dharmAnaMda kosAMbI, amadAvAda, 1924 (375) brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIno lipi vikAsa, pravINacaMdra cImanalAla parIkha, amadAvAda, 1974 (282). mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmA, vijayendrasUri, bhAvanagara, 1937 (50-53, 64, 131, 231) maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 1-2, hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, amadAvAda, 1955 (145, 230, 269, 292-93). vasaMtarajata mahotsava smArakagraMtha, jinavijayajI, 1927 (269) vIsamI sadInuM bhArata : aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM, rAmalAla parIkha ane raseza jamInadAra (saMpAdita), amadAvAda, 1977 (152, 197) sanmati prakaraNa (gujarAtI AvRtti), paMDita sukhalAlajI ane paMDita becaradAsajI, amadAvAda, 195ra (268-69). somanAtha, ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, amadAvAda, 1949 (292). For Personal & Private Use Only

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graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci 371 svAdhInatA saMgrAmamAM gujarAta, raseza jamInadAra, amadAvAda, 1989 (1para). hindI graMtha guptakAlIna mudrAe, anaMta sadAziva aLatekara, (145) prAkRta sAhityakA itihAsa, (271) prAcIna caritrakoza, siddhezvara zAstrI citrAva, 1965 (87). prAcIna mudrA, gaurizaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, (229, 231). bauddhakAlIna bhArata, janArdana bhaTTa, 1925 (84) bhAratabhUmi aura usake nivAsI, jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, kamAliyA, 1932 (12) bhAratIya itihAsakI rUparekhA, jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra, alAhAbAda, 1933, (50-52, 65, 69-70, 131). bhAratIya prAcIna lipimALA, gau hI.ojhA, dilhI, vi.saM. 2016 (282). bhAratIya sikke, vAsudeva upAdhyAya, prayAga, vi.saM. 2005 (67, 187, 228-29, 231) vIra nirvANa saMvata aura jaina kAla gaNanA, kalyANavijayajI, jAlora, 1931 (65, 110, 112, 268). solaMkIkAlIna prAcIna itihAsa, gaurIzaMkara ojhA, ajamera, 1907 (5) aMgrejI graMtha arli empAyarsa oNva senTrala eziyA, mekagavarna, (52) (dha) arli kuSANya, baladevakumAra, (177-79) ali hisTarI ova AMdha kanTri, ke. gopAlAcArI, madrAsa, 1941 (109, 111) ali hisTarI oNva inDiyA, vinsenTa smItha, oksapharDa, 1957 (para, 85, 144, 177) (dha) arli hisTarI oNva Dekkana, gulAma yajhadAnI, (saMpAdaka) muMbaI, 1960 (110-12, 131, 153, 156, 187-88). arli hisTarI ova dha Dekkana, rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, pUNe, 1928 (188) ali hisTarI oNva northa inDiyA, sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, kalakattA, 1958 (53-54, 60-70, 88) ala birUnIjha inDiyA, bhAga 2, i.sI.sacAu, laMDana, 1910, (152) avara heriTeja, pustaka 6, bI.ena. mukharajI, 1958 (168) (dha) ArkioNlaji oNva gujarAta, hasamukha dhIrajalAla sAMkaLiyA, muMbaI, 1941, (310-14, 339-40) inDiyana kaoNinsa, eDavarDa jemsa repsana, sTrAsabarja, 1897. (69) For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta inDiyana speligrApha, ahamada hasana dANI. oNksapharDa, 1963, (111, 153, 178, 188, 282) inDiyana speligraphi, rAjabali pAnDeya, vArANasI, 1957 (178) inDiyA anDara dha kuSANya, baijanAtha purI, muMbaI, 1965 (177) (dha) inDiyA anDa dha kuSANya, sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, kalakattA, 1965 (88) (dha) inDo-grIksa, avadhakizora nArAyaNa, oksapharDa, 1957 (21-54). isensalsa oNva buddhisTa philaoNsaphi, tamAkusu, (270). IrAna, dhIzamena, mIDalasekasa, 1954 (54) umezamizra kamemarezana vaoNlyuma, alAhAbAda, 1970 (88, 152) eskavezana eTa amarelI, zikArapura raMganAtha rAva, vaDodarA, 1966, (216). . eskavezana eTa TIMbaravA, ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA, vaDodarA, 1955 (216, 345) eskavezana eTa devanI morI, 2.nA.mahetA ane sU.nA.caudharI, vaDodarA, 1966, (11, 16, 87, 95-96, 216, 229, 245, 293, 312, 322, 340) ekavezana eTa nagarA, 2.nA.mahetA, vaDodarA, 1970 (216, 345) eskavezana eTa vaDanagara, subbArAva ane 2.nA.mahetA, vaDodarA, 1955 (216, 345) . ekvakavezana eTa zAmaLAjI, 2.nA.mahetA ane aM.je.paTela, vaDodarA, 1967 (216) (dha) eja oNva ImpIriala yUniTI, ramezacaMdra majumadAra ane e.DI.pusAlakara, muMbaI, 1960 (50, pa3, 65-66, 85, 88, 131, 168, 178, 199) enzanTa jiographi oNva InDiyA, (saMpAdaka) esa. ena. majumadAra, kalakattA, 1924 (65, 68) mULa lekhaka elekajhaMDara kaniMgahama. (dha) riporTa oNna dha eNnTiviTijha oNva kAThiyAvADa enDa kaccha, jemsa barjesa, laMDana, 1876 (310 14, 326, 339). (dha) enzanTa eNnDa hindu inDiyA, vinsenTa e.smItha, (178) (e) kalekazana oNva prAkRta eNnDa saMskRta iskripzansa, DipArTamenTa oNva Arkiolaji, bhAvanagara, (133). keTalaoNga oNva inDiyana kaoNinsa ina dha briTiza myujhiyama, eDavarDa jemsa repsana, laMDana, 1908 (17, 38, 44, 70, 84-88, 96, 109, 132-34, 142-44, 156, 167, 187, 199, 229-31, 291, 339). keTalaoNga oNva kaoNInsa ova enzanTa inDiyA, jahaoNna elana, laMDana, 1936 (70) keTalaoNga oNva kaoNInsa ina dha inDiyana myujhiyama kalakattA, vinsenTa e.smItha, oNksapharDa, 1986 (179, 231). For Personal & Private Use Only

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graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci keTalaoNMga oNva dha myujhiyama oNva dha ArkioNlaja eTa sAMcI, ke.ke.hamIda vagere, kalakattA, 1922 (43, 144). keTalaoNMga oNva saMskRta eNnDa prAkRta maeNnyuskripTa ina dha senTrala praoNvinsIsa eNnDa berAra, rA.ba.hIrAlAla suda (87) kembrija zorTara hisTarI oNva inDiyA, jaoNna elana, (144) kembrija hisTarI oNva inDiyA, eDavarDa jemsa repsana, laMDana, 1922 (50-54, 64, 70, 178). keva Tempalsa oNva inDiyA, jemsa barjesa ane jemsa phargyusana, laMDana, 1880. (311) kaoNineja oNva dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa kaoNInsa phraoNma ekSmavezansa, ajayamitra zAstrI (saMpAdaka), nAgapura, 1972 (187-88). kaoNInsa, 5ramezvarIlAla gupta, nyu dilhI, 1969 (179). kaoNinsa oNva inDiyA, sI.je.brAuna, (229, 231). kaoNinsa oNva enzanTa inDiyA, elekajheDara kaniMgahama, vArANasI, 1963 (228). 393 kaoNinsa oNva dha zaksa, elekajhaMDara kaniMgahama, (70). kaoNnsepTa oNva inDolaoNjI, rAmalAla parIkha ane raseza jamInadAra (saMpAdita), amadAvAda, 1973 (268). korporeTa lAIpha ina inDiyA, ramezacaMdra majumadAra, kalakattA, 1922 (357). kanaoNlija oNva gujarAta, maMjulAla 2. majamudAra (saMpAdaka), vaDodarA, 1960 (16, 321, 340). kaoNmprihensiva hisTarI oNva inDiyA, nIlakaMTha zAstrI (saMpAdaka), muMbaI, 1957, (84, 109, 112, 131-34, 228). (dha) laeNsikla eja, ramezacaMdra majumadAra ane e.DI.pusAlakara, muMbaI, 1954 (144, 270) gAiDa Tu takSazilA, jahaoNna mArzala, kalakattA, 1918, laMDana, 1960, vArANasI, 1972, (67- 68, 178). gAMdhArana ArTa ina pAkistAna, harAlDa invoTa, lAhora, 1957 (88) gaeNjhiTIara oNva dha baoNmbe prejhiDansi, pustaka-1, bhAga 1, muMbaI, 1896 (40, 132, 152, 156, 197-98, 230) (dha) grIkasa ina bekTriyA eNnDa inDiyA, Dabalyu Dabalyu TArna, laMDana, 1938 (50-54, 64-69, 152, 178). gujarAta aMDara dha maitraksa oNva gujarAta, hariprasAda zAstrI, vaDodarA, 2000 (5) (dha) jaina sorsIjha oNva dha hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA, jyotiprasAda jaina, dilhI, 1964 (88) jIagraeNphikala eNnDa ikonomika sTaDIjha ina dha upAyana-parva, motIcaMdra, lakhanau, 1945 (65) For Personal & Private Use Only

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374 TrAvelsa ina vesTarna inDiyA, jemsa ToDa, laMDana 1839 (312) TravenTI phAiva hanDreDa iyarsa oNva buddhijhama, bApaTa (saMpAdaka), (270) DAyanesTIja oNva dha kali eja, epha.i.pArjiTara, laMDana, 1913 (65, 111, 130). noTsa oNna dha vesTarna rijiyansa, vulI, (53) nyumijhamaeNTika penoramA-esejha ina memarI oNva esa.ema.zukla, ke.ke.mAhezvarI ane vizvajita ratha, dilhI, 1996 (109) kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta paliTikala hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA, eca.sI.rAya caudharI, kalakattA, 1953, (53, 66-70, 85-87, 108-11, 142, 152, 178, 188) paMjAba myujhiyama kaeNTalaoNga, (66) paMDita becaradAsa dozI kamemarezana vaoNlyuma, saMpAdaka : DhAMkI ane jaina, vArANasI, 1987 (341) parziyA, esa.jI.Dabalyu. benjAmIna, laMDana, 1920 (84). purANika kranaoNlaji, DolararAya raMgIladAsa mAMkaDa, ANaMda, 1951 (178). periplasa, Dabalyu eca. skaoNpha, laMDana, 1912 (10, 58, 64-66, 110-12, 180, 183, 187-89, 228, 272, 346-52, 356-57, 363-64) prasIDiMgsa oNva inDiyana hisTarI kaoNMgresa, 1940 (86, 109, 112, 131, 133, 143, 179, 187). prasIDiMgsa oNva dha oNla inDiyA seminAra oNna jaina ArTa eNnDa ArkiTekacara, (1973), 1975 (311) prasIDiMgsa oNva dha phiphtha inDiyana oNrienTala kaoNnpharansa, pu. 1, 1928, (245) prasIDiMgsa oNva dha briTiza akaeNDami, TArna, 1930 (54). prasIDiMgsa oNva viyenA oNrienTala kaoNMgresa, 1882 (167). baroDA thru dha ejIja, bI.subbArAva, vaDodarA, 1953 (345). buddhisTa rikaoNrDajha oNva dha vesTarna varlDa, pustaka 2, semyuala bIla, 1884 (270, 310, 313). bekTri, eDavarDa jemsa repsana, (50-54) bekTri, rolinasana, (50-54). marIna ArkioNlaji oNva inDiyana ozanika kanTrijha, zikArIpura raMganAtha rAva, (saMpAdita) 1988 (215) rIDiMga ina dha liTikala hisTarI oNva inDiyA, esa.pI.guptA ane anya (saMpAdita), dilhI, 1976 (177-79). For Personal & Private Use Only

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graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci 375 lekacarsa ona enzanTa inDiyana nyumijhamaeNTiksa, dattAtreya rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, kalakattA, 1921 (88, 228-31). legasi oNva gujarAta, je.ema. nANAvaTI, amadAvAda, 2003 (16) lisTa oNva brAhmI iskripzansa apa Tu 200 e.DI, eca lyuDarsa (188). vanDara dheTa vaoNjha inDiyA, e.ela.bazama, kalakattA, 1959 (272) (dha) vATAkaTa gupta eja, anaMta sadAziva aLatekara ane ramezacaMdra majumadAra, vArANasI, 1960 (132-34, 142-43, 168, 199). vaiSNavijhama, zaivijhama eNnDa mAyanora rilijasa sisTamsa, bhAMDArakara, 1928 (292) (dha) zaksa ina inDiyA, satyazrAva, lAhora, 1947 (50, 65, 85, 111) ane bIjI AvRtti, navI dilhI, 1981. (dha) zaksa ina inDiyA, sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya, zAMtiniketana, 1967 (12, para-54, 64-70, 87, 132, 187-88, 199) e saMskRta-iMgliza DiklerI, moniyara viliyamsa, oNksapharDa, 1963, (84, 87) (dha) sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, ajayamitra zAstrI, navI dilhI, 1998, (86, 109, 153, 156, 187-88). silekTa iskrizansa, dinezacaMdra sarakAra, kalakattA, 1942 (12, 50, 65-66, 69, 84-86, 108, 110, 144, 163, 187, 230); kalakattA, 1965; dilhI, 1983. (dha) sAthiyana pIriyaDa, phaoNna lohaijhenda, lIDena, 1949 (53, 65-67). somanAtha eNnDa adhara meDiIvala Tempalsa ina kAThiyAvADa, henrI jhensa, kalakattA, 1931 (292). somanAtha dha zrAina iTaranala, ka.mA.munzI, somanAtha-pATaNa, 1951 (292) skalpacarsa phraoNma zAmaLAjI eNnDa roDA ina dha baroDA myujhiyama, umAkAMta ke. zAha, vaDodarA, 1960 - (292, 340) (e) sTaDI oNva enzanTa inDiyana nyumijhamaeNTiksa, esa.ke. cakravartI, mAyamenasiMga, 1931 (231) sTaDIjha ina jaina ArTa, umAkAMta pre. zAha, banArasa, 1955 (272, 291) sTaDIjha ina dha hisTorikala eNnDa kalcarala jiographi eNnDa embraoNgraphi oNva gujarAta, hasamukha ' dhIrajalAla sAMkaLiyA, punA, 1949 (358) sTorI oNva kAlaka, Dabalyu noramana bAuna, 1933 (64-65) hinduIjhama eNnDa buddhijhama, pustaka -2 iliyaTa (270). hisTarI eNnDa iskripzansa oNva dha sAtavAhansa eNnDa dha vesTarna kSatrapsa, vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI, muMbaI, 1981 (153, 188). For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 376 hisTarI oNva enzanTa inDiyA, Ara.esa. tripAThI, vArANasI, 1960 (50, 84, 131, 144) hisTarI oNva inDiyana philaoNsaphi, surendranAtha dAsaguptA, laMDana, 1922 (292) hisTarI oNva inDiyana laoNjika, satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa, dilhI, 1921, 1971 (292) hisTarI oNva impaoNrTanTa enzanTa TAunsa eNnDa sITIjha ina gujarAta eNnDa kAThiyAvADa, anaMta sadAziva aLatekara, muMbaI, 1926 (357) e hisTarI oNva enzanTa sivilijhezansa, Trevara, (50) e hisTarI oNva pAli liTarecara, bI.sI.laoN, (231) noMdha : ahIM kauMsamAM ApelI saMkhyA te graMthano jyAM ullekha che tenI pRSThasaMkhyA darzAve che. graMtha aMgenI mAhitI tyAM nirdiSTa che. aMgrejI zabdonuM gujarAtI livyaMtara ahIM ane anyatra pA. ga. dezapAMDenA 'Adhunika aMgrejI-gujarAtI koza' mujaba karyuM che. sAmayika, ahevAla vagere gujarAtI zrI AtmAnaMda prakAza (269) kumAra (314, 322, 340-41) gujarAta dIpotsavI aMka (163, 215) gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLa trimAsika (340) jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka (269) pathika (326, 340) purAtattva (270, 313) phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika (152, 215) buddhiprakAza (272) bhAratIyavidyA (143-45) vallabhavidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA (292) vAk (saurASTra yunivarsiTInuM mukhapatra) (44, 87, 133) vidyApITha (gUjarAta vidyApIThanuM zodhapatra) (88, 95, 198, 270, 321, 341) saMbodhi (16, 152, 188, 244-45, 341) sAmIpya (41, 143, 152, 188, 198) svAdhyAya (44, 132-34, 143, 152, 163, 197, 292, 311-14, 340) For Personal & Private Use Only

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graMtha-saMdarbha-sUci 30. aMgrejI Arkiolaji DipArTamenTa oNva dha baroDA sTeTa enyula ripaoNrTa (36-37, 40, 288-29) ArkialaoNjikala sarve oNva inDiyA memoyarsa (50, 65, 67) ArkialaoNjikala sarve ova inDiyA riporTa (43, 132-34, 167, 177-78, 230, 375) ArkialaoNjikala sarve ova vesTarna inDiyA (86-88, 187-88) inDiyana Arkiolaji-e rIvyu (144, 312, 314) inDiyana enTikvari (51-52, 65-67, 84-88, 96, 110-12, 131, 133, 152-53, 156, 163, 178, 187, 267). inDiyana kalcara (69, 178) inDiyana hisTarI koMgresa (168, 178) inDiyana hisTorikala kvaoNrTali (85-87, 109-112, 168, 178, 187, 272) insAIklapIDiA briTAnikA, (50-54, 87, 153, 229-30) enalsa oNva bhAMDArakara orienTala risarca insTiTyUTa (179) enyuala riporTa oNva dha vaoNTsana myujhiyama enDa enTIkviTIjha (245) enzanTa inDiyA (339) epigraphikA inDikA (53, 65-70, 85-88, 96, 111-12, 131, 133, 153, 178-79, 188, 198, 244, 291-93, 321, 357-58) kaoNrpasa iskripzanama inDikerama (50-53, 64-70, 85 88, 97, 109, 144, 15ra, 167, 177). jarnala oNva inDiyana ozana ArkioNlaji (215-16) jarnala oNva inDiyana hisTarI (67-69, 187) jarnala oNva enzanTa inDiyana hisTarI (16, 85, 131, 153, 245) jarnala eziyATika (87, 109-11, 178) jarnala oNva dha oNrienTala insTiTyUTa (16, 95-98, 109, 133-34, 153, 163, 197, 245-46, 269-70, 293, 312, 322, 339) jarnala oNva dha nyumijhameTika sosAyaTI oNva inDiyA (21, 26, 35, 30, 42, 108, 134, 143, 145, 168, 187-88, 228-31, 246). jarnala oNva bihAra eNnDa orisA risarca sosAyaTI (65, 67, 110, 112) jarnala oNva baoNmbe brAnca oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI (22-27, 30-36, 40-42, 86, 111-12, 145, 152-53, 156, 163, 167-68, 178, 187, 231) For Personal & Private Use Only

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378 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jarnala ova baoNmba hisTorikala sosAyaTI (111) jarnala oNva dha yunivarsiTI oNva baoNmbe (340) jarnala ova dha royala eziyATika sosAyaTI (17, 22-25, 29-30, 35-38, 49, 51-54, 64-69, 85-86, 97, 108-11, 131-32, 142, 152, 167, 177-79, 187, 230, 245, 270). jarnala oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI oNva beMgAla (41-43, 134, 179, 321) jarnala oNva dha silona brAnca oNva dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI (321) nyumijhamaeNTika kraoNnikalsa (69, 153, 147, 230) nyumijhamaeNTika saplImenTa (143) nyU inDiyana enTIkvari (86) paMcAla (16, 97, 198, 229, 245) purAkalA (341) prAcya pratibhA (272) prinsa oNva velsa myujhiyama keTalaoNga (134) buliTina oNva dha prinsa oNva myujhiyama (18, 43, 133, 199) buliTina oNva dha myujhiyama eNnDa pikacara gelari (16) mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI jarnala (16) maoNDarna rinyU (para-53, 84). lalitakalA (110-12, 187) vizvezvarAnaMda inDolaoNjikala risarca jarnala (95-97, 200, 322) sTaDIjha ina inDiyana plesanemsa (358) noMdha : sAmAnyataH je te sAmayikanAM varSa ane aMkanI mAhitI AvI sUcimAM prastuta hoya che. paNa ahIM tema nathI, balake kauMsamAM ApelA pRSTAMka jovAthI je te sAmayikanAM varSa, aMka, pRSThanI mAhitI upalabdha thaze. For Personal & Private Use Only

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vizeSa-nAma-sUci akabatAnA 46, 54 342-44, 349. akoTA 42, 214, 325, 340, 343-44. | amRta vaMsata paMDyA 42 akSapAda 285 amohinI 60, 63, 70. agnimitra 102 aya 1lo 61, 66-68 agnivarmA 89, 242, 250, 319 aya rajo 61-62, 105 acala (ahaMta) 270, 306, 313 ayama 102, 107, 195, 199 ajantA 304, 311, 313. ayasI 62 ajamera 62, 83, 101, 106-07, 126, | ayiliSa (ajhiliSa) 61, 68 189-90, 197, 360 ayodhyA 263 ajayamitra zAstrI 86-87, 108, 153, | arabI samudra) pa3, 204, 210, 286 - 1pa6, 187-88 arta 63, 70, 108 ajitanAtha 324 arvI 191 ajhIjha 1lo pa9, 67 alabirunI 152 ajhIjha rajo 59, 67-69 alAhAbAda 143, 176-77, 215 aThama 61 alipura 144 adhuDaka iyAna 108 aliyAbADA 188 anaMta sadAziva aLatekara 41, 108, 112, '| avanti 107, 115, 117, 174, 190, 121, 125-26, 132-34, 140-43, 196, 198 168, 184, 228-29, 347 avalokitezvara (juo padmapANi) anilA 30-34. azoka (maurya) 7, 93, 147, 152-62, anumaitrakakAla 199 241, 249, 255, 277-82, 316, anUpa 115, 117 328, 349, 352, 3pa9, 361 aparAnta 94, 107, 115, 117, 190, | azokakumAra majumadAra 4 198 amaka 198 apaladatta 66, 229, 231, 350, 363 athAvabodha (tIrtha) 289, 324 aphaghAnistAna 47, 53-54 astakapra(aSTakaMpa) 346 abheraka 109 - asaMga (AcArya) 262-63, 270, 274. amadAvAda 16, 109, 141, 15ra, 163, aspavarmA 62 215 ahamadanagara 83, 107 amarAvatI 191, 339 ahamada hazana dANI 188, 282 amarelI 9, 23, 40, 123, 212, 216, | For Personal & Private Use Only

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3co kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta ahInapoza Topa 148 ijipta 50 aM.je.paTela 216 iDariyo (gaDha) 339 aMkoTaka 349 itsiga 263, 270 aMgirasa (gotra) 355 itravarmA 69 aMdho pa6 inDiyA myujhiyama 35 aMbAlA 70 indra 218 aMbikA (devI) 331 indraka 139, 143-44 aMbikA (nadI) 218 indra varmA 61-62, 66, 69 Akara (avanti) 107, 115-17, 174, | ibA (nadI) 189, 198, 284, 347-48 - 190, 196-98 | iliyaTa 263, 270 Agama sAhitya 256-59, 264, 267, | isikula (sarovara) 48 271, 275 IDara 337-38, 341 AdinAtha 289, 330-31, 340 IrAna 46-48, 50-51, 54, 64, 73, Anarta 117-18 80, 85-86, 158, 206, 219, AnzIkAo 175 223, 339. AbhIra 92, 97, 121, 132-34, 151, | IrAnI (bhASA, sAmrAjaya, sAhitya) 66, 73 167, 222, 240-41, 244-48, | 75, 84, 219, 330, 354 251-52, 291, 360 Izvaradatta 40-43, 121, 132-34, 164AmUdariyA 49, 53-54, 60, 80, 87 68, 222, 234-35, 241, 284, AmrakArdava 144 354-55 AramAIka (lipi) 228 Izvaradeva 244, 246, 251 Ara.esa.tripAThI 84, 131 Izvarasena 97, 167 ArtabAna 1lo 49-50, pa6, 70 IMTavA 15, 124-25, 190, 211, 275, AhavA 337 290, 293, 316-18, 342-44 AMdhI 7, 9, 14-15, 75, 85, 91, 104 | ujajana 57-58, 106-07, 112-118, 05, 114-16, 130-31, 150-51, 155, 181, 189, 197, 268, 154-55, 189-90, 196, 198, 280, 350 237-43, 247, 250, 291 ujjayanta 157, 289, 295, 298, 348 AMdhra jAti- 74, 164 ujjayinI 189, 197, 360 AMdhra pradeza 42, 103, 117, 121, 191, uThu 173 220, 229 uttara pradeza 83 AMdhrabhRtya 81, 150, 182 udayagiri 144 ikvAku (vaMza) 88 uditAcArya (Arya) 285 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vizeSa-nAma-sUci 381 udepura 126 127, 131-40, 142-44, 1papa-pa6, udyotakara 260 165-67, 174, 184, 199, 219, unA 289 230, 291. upamitezvara 285 ebaDo (nadI) 198 uparakoTa 40, 163, 191, 289, 300, | | ebhala maMDapa 306-07 304-09, 327-30, 344, 353, ema. esa. yunivarsiTI (juo ma. sa. 361 vizvavidyAlaya) upaleTA 308 ema.DI.varmA 341 upAdhyAya 85 ema. perina 263 upAdhye 110 ema.lAyara 110 umAkAnta che. zAha 272, 291-92, 303-| eriyana 91 O9, 311, 333, 340. elana 70 umAzaMkara jozI 292, 357 elekajhAnDara kaniMgahama pa3, 70, 104, 111, urdU (lipi) 228 149-50, 172-74, 187, 220, ulUka 285 225, 228-29 uSavadAtta 74-76, 85, 102, 106-08. | eziyA 47, 55 112, 155, 187, 196, 199, | eziyA mAInora 50 225, 283-84, 291, 351-56 esa.Ara.rAva 204, 215-16 uMbaragAma 197, 206 esa.ke.cakravartI 22pa-ra6 Urjayanta 157, 348 esa.jI.Dabalyu.benjAmIna 84 Rgvada 203-04 esa.pI.guptA 177, 204, 215-16 RSabhadasa 354 esa.zaMkaranArAyaNa 92-93, 97-98 RSabhadeva 293, 354 esiriyA 46-47, 50 RSabhanAtha 330, 340 oNksapharDa 51, 188 RSika 56, 198 oDa 267, e. ema. baoNyara opazati (gotra) 355 e.esa.gaDhe orasaMga nadI) 3 eca.Ara.skaoNTa 41, 224-25 orala sTeIna pa6 eca. esa. jAreTa 110 oNlDanabarja 149, 174 eca.ke.Deba 59, 65-66 kaccha 9, 13-15, 108, 114-17, 150eDavarDa jemsa repsana 17-19, 30, 44, 47, | 51, 189-91, 196-98, 237-39, 50-54, 57-61, 64-69, 70, 82-[. 244, 323, 325, 332, 346 , 88, 96, 104-05, 109, 120-23, | 349, 360 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #395
kaThako. 382 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kaccha myujhiyama 17, 19, 27, 33, 242-43 | karAda 40 kajhensa 286, 292, 315 kardama (RSi, pradeza, prajApati, vividharUpa) 80, kaTaka 304 kaTezvara (kaTezvarI) 323 kaImarAja 80 kardamA (nadI) 64, 80, 87 kaDiyA DuMgara 15, 309-10 kardamila 80 kaNAda 274, 285 kapUra AhAra 106-08, 196-97. kaNiSka 82-85, 91, 105, 114, 147- | karmasaciva 195 pa3, 169-79, 219, 226, 243 | | karmAntika (palli) 95, 202, 242, 250, kaherI (guphA) 80-81, 88, 155-56 , 319, 322 181, 186, 336 karnala ToDa 305 kataka 92 kaliMga 162 kathaII 92 kalyurisaMvata 97, 172, 175 kathika 89-98 kalyANavijayajI (muni) pa3, 64-65, 110, kathika (nRpa,rAjA) 8, 11, 80-81, 90-97, 112, 268 133, 242, 250 kalvAna 60 kathika (saMvata) 8, 11, 90-92, 133 kalhaNa 80, 1para kaphiza 82 kaMdahAra 49, 55 kanaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara dave 293 kaMbojo pada kanaiyAlAla mA. munzI 292 kAo-DuM 175 kanvIno akhAta 346 kAkAnI siMhaNa 8, 330 kapaDavaNaja 212 kAcagupta 141 kapila 285 kAnakharA 15 kapilezvara 285 kAnapura 16, 245 kamusa 62 kAnas (prAMta) 48, para kampaTI 191 kAttAprasAda jaina 112 kambalika (paMtha) 363 kAntilAla phu.somapurA 97-98 karajika 189, 196-97 kApiza 49, 58 karatAI 79 kApura 106 karada 191 kAphirastAna pa3 karabeNA 284 kAbula pa3, 66, 175, 350 karaveNavA 189, 198, 347-48. kAmandaka 273 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #396
vizeSa-nAma-sUci kAmareja 40, 204-06, 211-16, 325, | kuNAla 182 343-44, 349, 364 kAmAvatI (nagarI) 204 kAmika 86 kArrameya 80 kAryAntika (pallI) 95, 200 kAyAvarohaNa 285, 363 kAravaNa 285-87, 325, 343, 349, 363 | kuru (rAjA) 47 kArAkula (sarova2) 80, 87, kulajA (TekarI) 48 kArrama 80,87 kuraipa 119 kArramaka 7, 43-44, 53, 74-81, 85-87, | kuzaNamUle 225-26 92, 103, 150-54 kuzika 285-86 kusulaa 61 kuSANa 82-85, 88, 91, 94, 104-05, 114, 125, 147-51, 171-79, 219-22, 225-26, 243, 265-66, 280, 330, 332, 336. kuSANa saMvata 149 | kuMDInapura 42 ke.Ara.caMdrA 262 kArla khaMDAlavAla 110-12 kArle (guphA) 13-14, 75, 102, 155, 190, 198, 311, 328, 336 kArpApaNa (kAhApaNa) 220, 225-28, 231, 266, 350-52 kArtika (mahino) 355 kArtikeya 337, kAlaka (AcArya) 54-57, 74 kAverI (nadI) 198 kAzI 321 kAzmIra 53-56, 83, 174, 350 kAzyapa (gotra) 355 kAspiyana (samudra) 51 kALo samudra 47 kAMkaNa 360 kAMkariyA 163 kipina 49, 53-56, 179 kimUra 172 kukura 107, 117, 190, 198 kujula 176 kuNindra 60, 63, 70 kubera 218 kumAragupta 93, 109, 140-44, 228 ke.ena. dIkSita 131 kekApura 189, 197 ke.kA.zAstrI 163, 323, 326 ke.ke.mAhezvarI 109 keneDI 111, 174 ke.ha.dhruva 51 kolakAtA (lakattA) 16, 35, 143, 245 kolika (jJAti) 355 kovela 144 kosAMbI (pradeza) 176 koMkaNa 83, 107, 117 kauTalya 158, 163, 225, 228, 273 kauTimba(vahANa) 266 383 kauzAMbI 280 kroDiMgTana 342 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #397
384 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta kyuniphorma (lipi) 84 gaDhA 15, 96, 124, 133, 190, 195kaloDiyasa (juo tolamAya) 96, 245, 280 kRSNAkumArI virajI 4 . gaNapati zAstrI 86 kSatrapaka 226 gaNeza 333 kSatrapati 73 gaNezarA 108 kSazrapAta 84 gardabhillavaMza pa7 kSazrapAvana 73 gaMgAjamanA 60, 70 laharAta 7-8, 44, 61, 74, 79-82, 85- gaMtUra 42 86, 99-115, 180-83, 188-90, | gaMdharva (rAjA) 102 198, 207, 360, 363 gaMdhAra (pradeza, kalA) pa8, 85, 174, 332 - laharAta vaMza 108-111, 146, 150, 153, 3pa 183, 190, 243 gaMbhIrapurA 337, 341 kSiprA nadI) 197 gArDanara 68 khakharAta 79, 183 gAMdharvavidyA 118, 161 khagarAta 86 gAMdhAra pa3, 94 khattapaka 226, 266, 351 gAMdhI smRti saMgrahAlaya 17, 19, 23, 26khapuTa (Arya) 228-29, 293, 324, 326 | 31, 34-38 kharaosta 79, 86 | giranAra 7, 14, 119, 154-57, 241, kharapallAnA 83 295, 315-16, 361 kharoi (yuvarAja) 62-63, 69-70 | girijAzaMkara vallabhajI AcArya 12-13, 38, kharoSThI (lipi) 74-75, 100-02, 114, 41, 43, 133-34, 143, 163, 316 218-20, 223, 228-29 khaharAta khattapa 79 girinagara 118, 125, 157-60, 163, 173, 181, 184, 189-90, 192, khaMbhAta 215-16, 346 196, 199, 237, 241, 245, khaMbhAlIDA 309-10, 290, 348 248, 255, 275-76, 347-52, khAparAkoDiyA (guphA) 163, 305, 323 359-61 khAmaTA 40 | grIka (prajA, bhASA, lipi) 10, 46, 48, khAvaDA 14, 116, 150, 189, 196, 237 53-54, 61-65, 75, 84, 102, kheDabrahmA 326 108, 172, 176, 218-29, 282, kheDA (kheTaka) 42, 349 334, 363 khetAna 174 grIsa 84, 271, 343, 350, 364. kheMgAra (mahela) 86, 305 gujarAta itihAsa pariSada 12, 125 khyayASa 47, 50 gujarAta yunivarsiTI 44, 87, 133 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #398
vizeSa-nAma-sUci 385 guNamati 262-63, 270, 274-75, 290, | gaurIzaMkara hIrAnaMda ojhA 229, 231, 282 307 goMdaramau 41, 147, 144, 191 guhnara pa9-62, 67-69 gauhattI 42 gupta vaMza 88, 99, 111, 153, 157, gvAliyara 17, 165, 167, 197 159-60, 175-77, 199, 222, grIvarsa 172 226-28, 265-66, 272, 280, ghaTAka 108 313, 360 ghIzamena 54, 173 gupta saMvata 144, 179, 285 ghumalI 323 gupta sAmrAjaya 140-41, 172, 176-77, 332, 337-38, 359 ghoghA 207, 346 guzana 240, 248 ghoSa 111 gurjara saMskRti 159 cakrapAlita 158, 160-63 guMdA 15, 122, 131-32, 196, 238, cakravartI 231 241, 245, 291, 348-49 caTTopAdhyAya (juo sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya) godAvarI 182 : caturapana zAtakarNi 154 godrahaka (godharA) 349 caraka (gotra) 355 gopa 214, 304, 337, 347 caraka (muni) 285 gopanAtha 347, 350, 364 caharada catrapa (chaharada chatrapa) 79 gopasiMhajI 347 caMDoLA 163 gopAlAcArI 111 caMdragupta (maurya) 153, 157-62, 176, goptA 157, 159, 199 249, 361 govardhana 106, 189, 196, 284, 348, | caMdragupta vikramAditya 93, 140-41, 144, 3pa1 179, 228, 266, 285 govA 215 caMdra pUjA 287-88 gohilavADa 40 cANasmA 325 goMDala 309 cAmuMDA 334 gautama (gotra) ra74, 355 cAnTana 7-8, 14, 18, 43-44, 74-87, 91-92, 100-05, 179-118, 124, gautamIputra yajJa zAtakarNi 156 130-31, 136-38, 148-pa6, 174, gautamIputra vijaya zAtakarNi 156 180-81, 184-85, 189-90, 193, gautamIputra zAtakarNi 8, 42, 101-04, 110- 198, 218, 220-24, 233, 24017, 150-51, 155-56, 180-90, 46, 249-51, 276, 280-82, 198 290-91, 299, 360-61 gautamIputra siri zAtakarNi 8, 181 | cAruna (vaMza) 85, 88, 113, 125, 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #399
386 30, 135-39, 142, 146, 150, | jaMbusara 267, 349 157, 190, 195, 199, 240, 284 | jAmakhaMbhAliyA 8, 330 cikhalapadra 106, 196 cikhalI 106, 197-98 citkhalapadra 189, 197 ci-yu(rAjA) 48 cIna 48, 51 cInI bhASA 46, 53, 56 cIra stUpa 173 cubsa (carcA) 61-62 caitra (mahino) 355 cauryAsI 214 chatrapa chaharata 100 chaharatasa 285 chaharada 79 chAbrAzAstrI 133, 321 chiMdavADA 41, 43, 191 cho.ma.atri 321 jakasArTasa (nadI) 53 janArdana bhaTTa 85 jamazIda kAvasajI katrAka 84 jamazedajI aradezara 163 jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra 50, 52, 131 jayadAmA 15, 40, 76, 105, 111, 11516, 131-33, 150, 153, 190, 217-24, 233, 238, 243-47, 276, 284-86, 299, 310, 354 jayendra nANAvaTI (je.ema.nANAvaTI) 16, 310, 314, 339 jaththuSTa 206 jasTIsa nyUTana 53 jaMbumArga 267 jaMbuvijayajI 269 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta jAmanagara 8, 124, 323, 330 jAyasvAla 60, 65, 104, 106, 143 jinadAsagaNi 257 jinadeva 182 jinaprabhagaNi kSamAzramaNa 260 jinaprabhasUri 10 jinavijayajI (muni) 259, 269 jinasena 102-03, 109, 113 jinAnaMda 259, 275, 290, jinezvarasUri 293 jihoNika 1lo 61-62, 69 jihoNika 2jo 69 jI.pra. amIna 292 jIvadAmA 1lo 15, 22, 76, 120-24, 129, 132-35, 167, 190, 193, 195, 199, 217-23, 284, 354 jIvadAmA 2jo 15, 17, 81, 136, 138, 142 junnara 14, 75, 102, 190, 195, 307 jUnAgaDha 8-9, 13-15, 36-42, 93, 106, 114-19, 124, 131, 139-45, 154-57, 166-68, 190-91, 197, 221, 224, 241, 245, 255, 275-77, 289-91, 295, 300, 305-08, 315-16, 323-24, 328, 344, 347-49, 361-62 jUnAgaDha myujhiyama 17, 20-22, 27-38, 316 je.ena.benarajI 125, 134, 142 je.ema.kempabela 315 jetapura 290 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #400
vizeSa-nAma-sUci 387 jetalavaDa 323 Deriyasa 47, 84 jelama (jillo) 58 DolararAya mAMkaDa 85. 173 jeThavIrA 354 DomiTiyana 148 jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA 269 DaoNvasana pa9, 65-66, 174 jaina dharma 283-84, 288-90, 298, 303, vbreIla 104, 111, 150, 153 307,311, 324, 362-64 DhaMkagiri 308, 330-31 jokhA 214 DhaMkApurI 267, 288-89, 308 jogaNiyA (DuMgara) 163, 316 DhAMka 275, 295, 298, 307-08, 313, jogIDAnI guphA 324 - 344, 348 jogalathakhI 41, 103, 106, 110, 180, | saravAhaNa 74, 85, 102, 110 183, 186-90, 224 havAhaNa 102, 110 jayotiprasAda jaina 81, 85, 110, 256 takAkusu 263, 270 jahona mArzala 173 takSazilA 58-62, 68, 79, 86, 99, jahaoNna sTIvanasana 168 108, 173, 316 jharaphazAM (nadI) 80, 87 * tapta - I - bAhI 59 jhAjhapora 15, 309 tappaga (hoDI) 226 jhIjhurIjhara 290, 308-09 taLAjA 270, 275, 290, 295, 305-09, jheda 173 312-13, 344, 348 TIMbaravA 15, 190, 212-16, 342-45, | tApI 189, 198, 204, 284, 347-48 349 tAtAra (jAti) 48 TiMToI 337 tAraNa (mAtA) 324 TImANA 313 tAraMgA(davI) 324 TekacaMdAnI 21-28, 30-37 tArAdevI 324 Tomasa 60-70, 85 tArApura 324 TolemI (vaMza) ra30 tAladhvaja giri 313 TolemI 3pa7 tAladhvaja nagarI 313 TrAjana 148 tAlugiri 313 Trevara 50 tAhiyA (jAti) 48, 24, 175, 179 Dabalyu.eca.skaoNpha 110-11, 188 tibara 48, 172 . DabalyuDabalyu. TArga 50, 53-54, 57, 60- | tiyena - cu 175 61, 66-69, 148, 152, 174 turAna pa1 DabhoI 285 turaSka (jAti) 149, 152-53 DAMga 336-37 turuSka (saMvata) 149 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #401
388 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta turkastAna 80 dAmadasada 119 tuSAro pa6 dAmajada 74, 132 tuSArpha 157, 249, 361 dAmajadazrI 1lo 43, 76, 119-20, 123, tena (gAma) 336 131-34, 193, 198-99, 224, taigarisa (nadI) 50 233, 276, 314, 354 tocArI (jAti) pa3 dAmajadazrI rajo 24-25, 40-43, 76, 125 28, 193-94, 221, 230, 234, tolamAya 10, 79, 189, 204, 215, | 354 346-49 dAmajadazrI 3jo 27, 40-42, 76, 125-28, tripiTaka 276 193-94, 235, 354 trivedI 108 dAmasada 119, 132 2STadatta 354 dAmasena 16, 24-25, 43, 76, 123-27, saikUTaka-kalyuri-cedi-saMvata 165, 175, 226, 133, 165-, 193-94, 217-21, 228, 240, 360 230, 234, 354 thANA 189, 197 dAmijada pa7, 74 thAna 349 dAmodara (kuMDa) 347 thAmaNA 289, 324 dAraya 47-48, 50, 73, 84, 87, 158 thI-Ana-zAna (parvatamALA) 48 dArayavahuSa 47, 50, 84 thomasa 144, 173-74 dAsagaNimahattara 257 dakSamitrA 76, 108, 354 dAsaguptA 292 dattAtreya bAlakRSNa Diskalakara 179, 239 dAha (dAsa, dasyu) 48, 51 dabAliyA 325 dAhanUkA 189, 198, 284 damaNa 189, 198, 347-48 dAhanUkAnagara 189, 196-67 damaNagaMgA 198 digaMbara 259, 289, 363 dardI pa6 diDanAga 260, 263, 274 darpaNa (rAjA) pa7 dinIka 108 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 269 dinezacaMdra sarakAra 12-13, 50, pa9, 65-66, dazapura 106-07, 189, 196-97, 284, 69, 84-86, 91, 108, 114, 143, 348 163, 166, 168, 174, 187 dahANuM 197-98 dimitra 59-60, 66 diMDakAraNya 270 dilIpa rAjagora 41, 109, 143-44 diMDI 255-56 dilIpa ke. vaidya 242-43 dAtAra (DuMgara) 315 dilhI 109, 177, 215 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #402
389 vizeSa-nAma-sUci dIva 347 dhenukAkaTa 189, 197 durgAcArya 10, 267, 274 dhoLakA 163 durgAzaMkara ke. zAstrI 65, 87, 292-93 dhoLAvIrA 159 darlabhadevI 259, 354 dhruvasena 1lo 207 duSyanta paMDyA 110, 188, 357 nakulIna (nakulI, nakulIza) 285-86, 292, dupsika 267 363 delamAla 325 nakSa-I-pustama 47, 50 devadatta rA. bhAMDArakara 43, 82, 146-48, | nagarA 9, 210-16, 325, 342-50, 364 155-56, 165-68, 184, 220, nabhasena 106 225-28, 244, 292 nabhovAhana 112, 180 devanI morI 8, 11, 15, 29-32, 42, 80, | namadusa (nadI) 347 89-96, 124, 163, 190-91, | nammAsa (nadI) 347 196, 200, 208-16, 229, 237, | naravahaNa 110 241, 250, 255-56, 275-76, 287, 290-91, 301, 304, 308, | naravAha 107 316-27, 331, 338-45, 349, | naravAhana 102, 107, 110 361-62. narasiMha mahetA 324 devarAsa 112 narmadA (nadI) 115, 190-91, 198, 346devardhvigaNi kSamA zramaNa 257 48 devasenasUri 293 nalinAkSa datta 263, 270 devahUti 87 navasariDA 347 devA 42 navasArI 347 devendrasUri 289, 363 navI dilhI 17 dolatapara (dolatapura) 15, 85, 104-05, navInacaMdra AcArya 5 114, 151, 243-46, 251, 332- nahapAna 7, 14, 41, 44, 74-79, 8233, 336, 340 86, 96, 99-115, 125, 147-55, dragiyAnA 47, 54 180-89, 195-99, 207, 217-20, 223-26, 232, 243, 267, 276, dvArakA 15, 210-15, 346-50, 364 282-86, 289, 299, 307-08, dhanajI karasana paTela 243 330, 347-48, 351-56, 360, dharasenAcArya 107 363-64 dharmAnaMda kosAMbI 357 nahaseNa 110 dhAtavA 210-14, 344 naMdIsIakasa 62, 69-70 dhAraNa 161 nAgapura 82, 112, 153, 187-88, 191 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #403
30 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta nAgarI (lipi) 208 patika 58-61, 68, 86, 108 nAgavaMza 105, 175 padmapANi 309 nAgArjunasUri 9, 256, 267, 274-75, | padmAvatI 108, 112, 267, 289, 354 288-89, 324, 362 panasa (nadI) 347 nAgArjunI kAMDa 97, 186 paramArtha 262 nAgArjunI vAcanA 362 paramezvarIlAla gupta 18, 43, 126, 143nAnaMgola 106, 189, 196-97, 207 45, 16pa-68, 179, 193-94 nAnAgauna (nadI) 347 parasIpolIsa 50 nAnAghATa 154 parAzara 285 nAragola 106, 197, 207 parNadatta 158, 16-63 nArAyaNa 51-54 paziyA 84 nArAyaNa (sarovara) 190 paziyAI akhAta 205 nAlaMdA 270 parsI gArDanara 149 nAsika 7-8, 13-14, 41, 74-75, 82- | palAzinI 7, 248, 347-48 83, 86, 102, 105-08, 112, | palAziyo 347 125, 147, 155, 167, 180-91, | pahRva 74, 79, 85, 119, 148, 157, 198, 207, 225, 284-86, 328, 176, 195, 221-23, 334 351, 360 palaMvadeza 46-51, pRpa-61, 66 68, 334 nAsosa 230 padvava saMvata 173 nineha 47, 50 paMcamahAla 337, nimADa 117 paMcAla (ahirachatra) 62 niSAda 117, 190 paMcAla zodha saMsthAna 16 nIlakaMTha zAstrI 84, 104, 111, 131, 168 paMcezvara (guphA) 324 nivRtta (nimADa) 117 paMjAba papa-58, 61-63, 66, 83, 92, nemicaMdra zAstrI 270 117 neminAtha 298 pATaNa (verAvaLa) 323 nezanala myujhiyama 17 pATagaDhanagara 323 nyAyavidyA 118, 161 pATalIputra 288, 359 nyUTana 224 pANini 225, 273 pakora 62 pAdalipta (AcArya) 267, 274, 288-89, paTaNA 298, 3pa9 324 paDuM (pachI) 200, 242, 250, 319, 322 | pAdaliptapura 267 pataMjali 86, 273 pAdaliptasUri (juo pAdalipta) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #404
31 vizeSa-nAma-sUci pApikA (bhUzira) 346-47 puSkalAvatI 58, 61, 350 pAra (nadI) 198 puSpagupta (vaizya) 157, 249, 361 pAraNa 161 puSyamitra 102 pAraDI 198 pulumAvi 150, 154-56, 183-86, 190 pArasakula 55, 64 pUNe 7, 16, 42, 83, 100, 189-90, pArasI 206-07, 216 197 pArAdA 189, 198, 284, 347-48 peTalurIpalama 42, 166, 168, 191 pArjiTara 64, 111, 130 pethala (guphA) 323 pArthiA 46, pa6, 179, 223 periplasa 266, 346-para, 356-57 pArvatI 324 paiThaNa 182 pArzvanAtha 288-89 paizAcI (prAkRta) 271 pAlanapura 197, 347 pratiSThAna 112, 180, 182 pAli (graMtho) 116, 131, 161 prabhAcaMdrAcArya 10, 269 pAli (bhASA) 225, 256, 275-76, 320, | prabhAsa 9, 106-07, 189, 196-97, 336 212, 275, 284-88, 323, 344, pAlIkhaMDA 337 347-50, 364 pAlitANA 267, 288-89 prabhudAmAM 125 prayoga 161 pAlaka 102 pAzAntika(pallI) 95, 200, 242, 250, pravarasena 1lo 142 319, 322 prazastapAda 274 pAzupata (saMpradAya) 284-87, 362-63 pra.cI.parIkha 282 pikacarsa enDa ArTa gelerI 17 prAkRta (bhASA) 75, 180, 222-24, 228, 242-43, 258, 264, 267, 271, piMDArA 210 pI.pI. dave 337 276, 282 prAcIna zaka saMvata 104 puNyavijayajI (mahArAja) 231, 264, 269, prAcyavidyA maMdira 269 271-72, 293 pu.nA.bhaTTa 95 prinsa oNva vaeNlsa myujhiyama 13, 17, 21-38, 126 pu.pra.paMDyA 238, 309 priyabALA zAha 163. purANo 285-86, 292 pRthivISeNa 16, 24, 76, 125-26, 193puravaMza 88 94, 199, 234 pulindo pa6 | phargyusana 148-49, 174 puSkara (tIrtha) 106-07, 189-91, 196-97, | | phalITa 59, 65-68, 144, 174 360 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #405
392 phAnayena 175, 179 phAlguna (mahino) 355 phaoNgela 108 phaoNna lohui jhenDa 53, 57, 60-61 phrAnkavisa barniyara 201 phrAvata 2jo 49-50, 56 phrAvata 4tho 223 phrenke 52, 174 bakhale 79, 104 banAsa (nadI) 198 banAsakAMThA 198 barAkAno akhAta 346 barjesa 296-305, 314, 326-28, 340 barlina 178 baLadevakumAra 177-79 balamitra bhAnumitra 57, 326 balba 80 bazama 272 basarA 357 basADha 125 bahAvalapura 173 baMgALa 83 bANa 140 bApaka 241 bApaTa 200 bAraneTa 174 bArigAjhA 349-50, 356, 363 bAz2azA 189, 197, 284, 347-48 bAvApyArA (guphA) 15, 289-90, 295-99, 303-308, 324, 327-30, 344, 361 bAsima 42 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta bAhlika 46-49, 52-56, 60, 80, 85, 223 bAhubali 291 bAMsavADA 191 bihAra 83, 298, 359 biMbIsAra 120 bI.ena.mukharajI (bratIndranAtha mukharajI) 97, 143, 168, 174, 239-40 bI.ke.thA52 292 bImala caraNa lo 131, 231 bIla 270, 310, 313 bI.subbArAva 208, 215-16, 322 buddhaghoSa 227 buddhAnaMda 290, 269 bekTriA 85, 175-76 begrAma 178 becaradAsa 268 beDasA 311, 358 benarajI (juo 2.dA.benarajI) 65. benjAmIna 84 bebA2 325 berAra 191 behispUna (parvata) 50, 73, 158 baijanAthapurI 82-83, 177 khaiyonIsa(beTa) 347 bomana kaikobAda 206 bodhivaMza 224 boradevI 315 boriyA 211, 290, 293, 315-16, 342 43 bolanaghATa 49, 55 bauddha graMtho 226 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #406
vizeSa-nAma-sUci 393 bauddhadevI 324 | bhartuhari 260, 273 bauddhadharma 221, 263, 283, 290-93, | bhavanAtha 316 303, 308, 311, 323-24, 363 bhavanezvara (guphA) 323 brAuna 64-65 bhAu dAjI 86 brAhmaNa (dharma) 284, 294 bhAgavata (saMpradAya) 218 brAhmI (lipi) 75, 100-02, 108, 114, | bhAjA 311 160-61, 164, 218-29, 237-38, bhANavaDa 323 241-45, 252, 256, 276-82, bhAdara 290. 317, 320, 336, 339 bhAdrapada (mahino) 355 brAhUI (parvata) 49, 55 bhAratIya grIka 108, 2017 byuhara 255, 282 bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI 17-18, 62, 115, bhAratIya padvava 108 120, 123, 136, 143, 147, bhAratIya sAsAniyana 209 154-55, 163-64, 167, 197, | bhAratIya sIthiyana 108 220, 224, 347, bhArahuta 231, 299, 304 bhagavAnasiMgha sUryavaMzI 16 bhArgava 355, bhaTTAkara (bhaTTArka) 141 bhAvanagara 17, 19, 133, 207, 268-69 bhacchaThThaNA 81 bhAskara (kSetra) 288 bhatthaNA 74, 81, 85 bhAMDArakara 84, 88, 111, 121, 131-32 bhadracakTana 81 bhinnamALa 337 bhadrabAhu 256, 362 bhiloDA 8, 89, 208, 317, 325 bhadramukha. 133, 195, 199 bhImacorI 307-08 bharata 255, 273 bhuja 13, 17, 19, 237, 243 bharukaccha 106-07, 112, 180-82, 186, | bhUtabali 107 189, 196-97, 259, 267, 275, | bhUmaka 75-79, 83-86, 99-112, 166, 289, 324, 346, 349-50, 345, | 193. 217-20. 223. 232, 282. 363 354 bharUca 9, 15, 57, 106-07, 112, 180, | bhUmadhya samudra 2017 183, 197, 214, 231, 266, bhairava 286 275, 284, 293, 309, 324, bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA 110, 188, 27ra 347-52, 355, 363-64 bhopAla 43, 191 bhartudAmAM 30-32, 40-43, 77, 94, 129 bhoMyarAnI guphA 323 30, 134-39, 142, 166, 194, 199, 235-36, 240, 248, 354 mayArA (taLAva) 242 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #407
394 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta magadha 256 | mAIgaDhecI (guphA) 324 maNigula (manugala) 61-62, 69 mANasA 198 mathurA 8, 58-66, 69-70, 79, 93, 99, | mAtrImaMdira (guphA) 324 104-05, 108, 113, 175-79, | mANiyAla Topa 148 255, 266, 292, 332-33, 336, | mAthurIvAcanA 256-58, 362 339-40, 362 mAda (midI) 46-47 madhumatI 289 mAnasa (gotra) 355 madhusUdana DhAMkI 339-41 mAnaserA 60, 68 madhya eziyA 47-48, 51, 55, 80, 176, mArkavATa para 214, 328 mArgazIrSa (hino) 325 . madhya pradeza 41, 106, 148, 149, 164, 191, 197, 227-28, 338 mArzala 58, 60, 62, 65 : ' maru 117, 190, 196, 198 mAlavo 126, 226 marva (daza) 49, 54 mAhiSmati 117 mallavAdisUri 9, 258-62, 268-70, 274 mAhezvara (mAtRkA) 334 75, 288-89, 317, 322, 362 mALavA 18, 62, 83, 101, 107, 115, mahamUda gajhanavI 286 117, 140-42, 174, 189-90, 281, 284, 360-61 mahasena 89, 250 mALavI (lipi) 280 ma.sa.yunivarsiTI 17, 208, 215-16, 241, mAMgaroLa 347-50, 364 337. mahArASTra 13, 18, 40-42, 106-07, mAMDavI 238 112, 149, 164, 180-83, 186, mizradata rajo 49-50, pa6, 60 189-91, 197-98, 313, 360 minendara 66, 69, 226, 231, 310, mahArASTrI prAkRta 265, 271 350, 363 mahAvIra 110, 259, 264, 267-68, minoana 230 288-89, 324, 330 misara 10, 230 mahI (nadI) 347-48 mIDiyA sAmrAjaya) 46, 50 mahuvA 289 mInanagara 57-58, 64, 106, 112 mahetA-caudharI (juo 2.nA. mahetA ane sU.na. mInaLa (taLAva) 163 caudharI) mukuMda rAvala 245 malezvarI (nadI) 207 munasara (taLAva) 163 mahAyAna 295 munindra jozI 340-41 maMdasora 106, 197 muruDa (vaMza) 102 maMdora (guphA) 323 mUlaka 198 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #408
395 vizeSa-nAma-sUci mUlavAsara 15, 123-24, 133, 190, 196 | yajJazrI zAtakarNi 154-55 muMbaI 197 yajhadAnI 187-88 mekakrinDala 111 yaduvaMza 88 meksa mulara 271 yavana (jAti, rAjA, pradeza) 46, 21-57, 60, menabrusa 183 74, 79, 85, 157, 163, 361 membanesa 183 thavuka 179 membanosa 183 yazadattA 354 membarasa 183 yazodAmA 1lo 25-26, 40-43, 76-77, membarosa 183 81, 126-27, 134, 165-67, 193-94, 199, 223, 235, 354 merUtuMgAcArya 102 | yazodAmA rajo 34-35, 42, 130, 135mevAsA 15, 97, 189-90, 196, 237-41 37, 142, 167-68, 194, 218, mezvo nadI) 8, 89, 163, 208, 241, 221, 236, 244, 354 256, 317 yAkobI 261-62, 269 mesopoTemiyA 54 yAdavakAla 346 maitrakakAla 10, 207-08, 259, 277, 282, yAska 267 286, 293, 340, 349 yuAna zvAMga 174, 262, 293, 295, maitreyanAtha 263 298, 306-07 maira pa7-59, 61-63 yuecI (jAti) 48-para, 54-56, 60, 175, masa (nadI) 347 179 moa (moga) pa7-62, 65-66, 68, 148, yuddhavidyA 161 152 | yogAcAra 262-63 moa (saMvata) 365 yaudheyo 117, 131, 173, 268, 360 moDAsA 325 sAmotika 74-79, 100, 109, 113, motIcaMdra 65, 265, 271-72 130, 136, 138, 192, 251, 354 moniyera viliyama 84, 87 2.cho. parIkha 163 monoglosona (baMdara) 347 raNachoDarAya udayarAma 239, 244 mophisa(nadI) 347 ratibhAI bhAvasAra 341 maurya (vaMza) 88, 99, 111, 120, 159, ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva 292 172, 176, 199, 207, 256 , ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA (ra.nA.mahetA) 11, 298, 3pa9, 360-62 16, 42, 87-92, 95, 98, 157, maurya sAmrAjaya) 46, 85, 157-58, 360 163, 208, 216, 229, 245, 322, 326, 340-41, 345 yakSiNI (yakSa) 337 | ramezacaMdra majumadAra 111, 171, 175, 179, 62 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #409
396 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 270, 272, 351, 357 rAhadeva 251-52 ravi hajaranIsa 341 rudradAmaka 226, 231 rasA (rahA-nadI) 53 rudradAmA 1lo 7-8, 14, 41-42, 75-78, raseza jamInadAra 16, 64-70, 88, 97, 91, 93, 105, 111, 114-20, 109, 131-33, 143, 152-53, 131-32, 150-63, 173-77, 181, 163, 178-79, 188, 197-98, 184, 189-96, 199, 221, 224, 215, 228-30, 245, 268-72, 226, 230-33, 237, 241, 243, 292-93, 311-14, 358 245, 247-49, 255, 268, 273rasopadrIya 348-49 74, 276, 282, 290-91, 347 48, 354-55, 359-62 rAkhAladAsa benarajI 60, 65, 146, 174 | rAjakoTa 13-17, 20, 40, 96, 124-26, | || rudradAmA 2jo 77, 81, 96, 130, 135 - 38, 142-43, 167, 240 133, 238-39, 245, 289, 30809, 323 rudradAmaNa 226 rAjabalI pAnDeya 111, 153 rudradeva 143 rAjasthAna 18, 43, 106, 115, 117. | rUdrabhUti 132, 241, 291, 354 140-41, 164-65, 189-91, 197, rudrasiMha 1lo 14-15, 21-22, 42-43, 75229, 338, 360, 363 78, 119-25, 131-33, 165-68, rAjula 60-63, 69-70, 79 180-81, 184-87, 193, 199, 217-23, 230, 233, 237-38, rAjulA 323 240-41, 245-47, 310, 354-55 rAjayezvara 240, 249 rudrasiMha rajo 15, 33-34, 41-43, 77, rANapura(guphA) 323 81, 113, 116, 129-30, 135rANAvAva 323 38, 142, 168, 190, 194, 224, rApara 189, 239 236, 354-55 rAmakuMDa 106, 197 rudrasiMha 3jo 38-41, 75-78, 82, 135rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara 155, 173, 188 45, 194, 218-21, 236-37, rAmatIrtha 106, 189, 197 244-45, 252 rAmaprasAda caMdA 65-67 rudrasena 1lo 15-16, 22-23, 40-43, 76 , rAmalAla parIkha 197 80-81, 89-98, 120-28, 131, 133, 166, 190, 193, 195, rAmazaMkara tripAThI 84, 144 199, 217-19, 230, 233, 241, rAmArAva 131 245, 250, 280, 290, 316-17, rAya caudharI 53, 58-60, 63, 66-70, 80, | 354 85-87, 108, 142 rudrasena rajo 28-30, 40-43, 76, 91, rASTriya (rASTrIya) 157, 159, 199 95, 116, 128, 134, 194, 199, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #410
vizeSa-nAma-sUci 37. 235, 354. lothala 1pa9 rudrasena 3jo 15, 35-43, 77, 81, 90-| lohAnIpura 298 91, 95-96, 130, 135-40, 143- laukika (saMvata) 172 44, 166-6 8, 194, 217-24, | bhUMDarsa 130, 133, 174 236, 239-40, 304-05, 354 vaghaI 337 rudrasena 4tho 77, 81, 90, 95-96, 135, vajapANi 309 138-39, 236, 239 vajabhUti 267, 274, 288-89 rUpaka 266 vaDanagara 15, 190-91, 198, 210, 212, rupeNa (nadI) 307 216, 325, 336, 340-45, 349 rUpacaMda nArAyaNa TekacaMdAnI 17, 20, 42 vaDodarA 13, 16-17, 20, 42, 89, 95, regarezvara 244-45 163, 211, 215-16, 245, 269, resana (juo eDavarDa jemsa repsana) 285, 317, 325, 332-37, 342raivataka 348 44, 363 roma 10, 148, 210, 214, 223, 327, | vaDodarA myujhiyama 24, 37-38 342-43, 3pa0, 364 vaDhavANa (vardhamAna) 349 romIya (lipi) 219, 222-24 vatsa (gotra) 195, 285, 355 romIya (sAmrAjaya) 9, 48, 214, 229 vanaspara 83 rolInsana 50-54 varahana rajo 134 rohiNI pAnDeya 216 varahana 3jo 134 lakulI (lakulIna, lakulIza) 1, 285-87, varAha 242 292, 363 : varAha mihira 267 lakSmI 218 variyAva 214 lakhapata 323 varolI (nadI) 206 laMDana 62, 188 vardhamAna (nagara) lAcAMgU (saradAra) 48 vardhA 42, 191 lAkhAmeDI 315 varSA jAnI 5 lATa 10 valabhI 9, 210-14, 256, 259, 262, lAThI 15, 190 269-70, 275, 289, 306-07, lAyaka (liyaka-kusulaka) 60-61, 68, 83, 337, 344, 349-50, 362-364 - 108 valabhIpura 210, 363 lAlacaMda gAMdhI ra69 valasADa 197-98, 206 lAloDA 338 valahIe 293 lAhora 86, 112 vallabhavidyAnagara 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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398 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta vasiSTha 172 vAMsavADA 43 vasubaMdhu (AcArya) 174, 262-63, 270, | vikramAditya 62, 268, 324 274 vikrama saMvata 29, 65, 70, 79, 92-93, vasumitra 102 - 104, 174-95, 258-62, 269 vasuraka 240-41, 248 vijayamitra 69 vasoja 20, 22, 26, 42, 191 vijayalabdha sUri 269 vastAna DuMgarI 212-13, 344 vijayavaMza 102 vaheragAMva 198 vijayasena 40-43, 76, 127-28, 134, vaMthalI 347 165, 193-94, 235 vAkATaka 142 vijayendrasUri 50-53, 64, 131, 231 vAbhaTTa upara vijJAna 161 vAghajIpura 337 vidarbha 198 vAcaspati 225, 231 vidizA 190 vADela 174 vidyAlaMkAra 65, 69-70 vAtsyAyana 274 vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya 260 vAya.Ara. gupta vimalasUri 261-62 vAraMgala 182 vilAsinI 7 vArANasI 178, 271 viSNu 158, 160, 283 vAlabhIvAcanA 256-57, 362 vizvasiMha 29-30, 40-43, 77, 128-29, vAsiSThIputra 8 134, 254 vAsiSThIputra caturAna zAtakarNi 154 vizvasena 18, 25-27, 30-33, 40-43, vAsiSThIputra caMDa zAtakarNi 156 77-81, 92-95, 113, 129-30, vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi 8, 74, 79, 86, 135-37, 142, 168, 194, 199, 104-06, 110, 133, 154-56, 236, 354 181-83, 188 vizvajIta ratha 109 vAsiSThIputra vijaya zAtakarNi 156 vizvAsa ha. sonAvaNe 341 vAsiSThIputra zAtakarNi 155-56, 184 vizAkhA nakSatra) 354 vAsiSThIputra skaMda zAtakarNi 156 visAvadara 323 vAsudeva 83, 172, 175, 177, 337. vidhyAcaLa 140, 182, 348 vAsudeva upAdhyAya 65. 85. 187. 228-29 | vidhyazakti 142 vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI 42, 85, 92, 95-| vI.Ara.devarAsa 86 97, 131, 153, 167, 148, 200, | vIradAmA 15, 25, 40-43, 76, 96, 239-48, 251, 322. 127-28, 165, 193-94, 218-21, vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla 265, 271-72 229, 233, 354. vAMDha 14, 238, 247 vIranirvANa 289 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #412
vizeSa-nAma-sUci vIramagAma 163 vIrasena 144 vu-ti(rAjA) 51 vu-suna (jAti) 48-49 vedayuga 204 veNivatsarAja 324 vema kazi 105, 176 verAvaLa 197 velUraka (parvata) 189, 198 vesi 83 vaizAkha (mahino) 355 vaizAlI 125, 357 vaiSNava saMpradAya 283-84 vRddhavAdI 257 vRSabha 293 vaoNTsana 270 vaoNTsana myujhiyama 17, 21-23, 26-29, 3137, 126, 133, 239, 245 vaoNTarsa 270 vogela zakastAna 85, 134 zakasena 186 zatamAna (sikko) 228 zatruMjaya 288-89 zatropana 84 zabdazAsra 118, 161 zarva bhaTTAraka 318, 321 zaherA 211, 337, 344 zAtakarNa gautamI putra 131, 147, 150-51, 154-56, 181, 184, 186 zApura 2jo 142-43 zAmazAstrI 86 zAmaLAjI (tIrtha) 8-9, 15, 89, 163, 208, 210-16, 241, 256, 287, 317, 325, 332-37, 344 zAhadUra 57, 74 zAhAnuzAhI 117 zAMDilya (gotra) 355 zivapaMtha 218, 334-35, 363 zihora 349 vononIsa 59, 67-68, 147-49, 152 vhAITa heDa 61 zubhrA prAmANika 216 vhIlara 342 zaMga 62, 69, 103, 172, 176 zaka(jAti) 147-51, 181, 186, 199, | zUrpAraka 106-07, 189, 196-97, 284. 217, 221-223, 283, 334 zeTha bho.je. adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana 17 zeThI 324 zaka muNDa 53 zaka zAtakarNa 186 zoDAsa 62-63, 70, 104, zaka saMvata 18, 79, 104-05, 146-51, | zobhanA gokhale 16, 85, 131, 153, 216, 242-46, 251 164, 171-75, 181, 185, 198, 237, 240, 243, 257, 361 399 zAMtinAtha 289, 330 zikArIpura raMganAtha rAva (juo : esa.Ara. rAva) zinika (gotra) 355 ziravAla 42, 166, 168, 191 zilAditya 259 zyAmasuMdara (sarova2) 163, 241, 322 zramaNa paraMparA 294 zrAvaNa (mahino) 355 zrIkAnta zAstrI 111 zrIkRSNa 291 zrI gupta 153 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #413
400 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta zrI zarva 141-42, 145, 218 saMgharakSaka 175 zrIsthala 80 saMjANa 106, 197, 206-07, 215-16, mRtadevI 260 364 zvabhra 117, 190 saMbhUti 219, 228 - zvetAMbara 259, 289, 363 saMskRta bhASA) 75, 161, 222-24, 228, saI (loko) 48-49, 53-54 231, 237-38, 241-45, 252, saivAMga (nAyaka) 49, 53 255-59, 274 sakarAvuca 51 saMhitA jyotiSa 263, 270 sakA taradarayA 47-50 skaMdapurANa 288, 292 sakA tigrakhaudA 47-50 sAgara 272 sakA haumavarmA 47-50 sAgaramala jaina 341 satArA 191 sANaMda 141 satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa 292 sANA (guphA) 289-90, 295, 307, 348 satyadAmAM 76, 120, 123, 132-33, 193, | sAtapuDA (parvata) 348 234, 276, 354 sAtavAhana 8, 74, 79, 99-110, 114satyazrAva 12-13, pa0, 80-81, 188, 199] 17, 121, 132-33, 150-56 , satyasiMha 77, 81, 96, 135, 138- 44, | 180-90, 198, 206, 280, 324, 360 244-45, 354 sadAzaMkara zukala 17, 22-38, 41, 143, sAbarakAMThA 8, 42,89, 191, 208, 317, 244-45 325, 338, 341 sanADiyA 42 sAranAtha 321 samudrakasena 250 sAtavAhana 102, 112, 180-83 samudragupta 132, 141, 143, 168, 175 sAsAnI 134, 142-43 79, 360 sAMkaLiyA (juo ha.dhI.sAMkaLiyA) sarakAra (juo dinezacaMdra sarakAra) sAMcI 15, 29-32, 43, 93, 147, 144, sarasvatI 333 173, 191 sarvANiyA 21-35, 43, 128, 147, 144, sAMpAvADA 338 165, 191 sikaMdara 84, 92, 218-19, 228, 363 savanI 323 siglosa (sikkA) 219 sasa 62 sikistAna 47 saharAnapura 70. sithiyA 350 sahasraliMga (taLAva) 159 sithiyana 8, 47-48, 21-53, 74 saMghadAmA 24, 40-43, 76, 123-26, | sidhapura 80, 349 133, 193-94, 207, 234, 354 | siddhasara 308 saMghadAsa gaNivAcaka 10 | siddhasena divAkara 9, 257-62, 268, 274, For Personal & Private Use Only

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401 vizeSa-nAma-sUci 288-89, 324, 362 190-91, 196-99, 288, 298, siddhAyikA (davI) 324 323, 247-352, 356, 360 siddhezvara zAstrI citrAva 87 surendranagara 15 sirakapa 58 surendranAtha dAsaguptA 292 siradariyA (nadI) 47-48, 24, 80 suvarNa 225-26 silvIna levI 100 suvarNamukha 189, 197 siddhAMta jayotiSa 263, 270 suvarNasiktA 7, 347-48 siMdhu (daza) 49, 54, 176, 190, 196-98 | suvizAkha 118-19, 157, 162, 195-96, siMdhu (nadI) 55-58, 65 25O. siMdhu (pradeza) 55-58, 62, 83-85, 117, | suvrata (muni) 289, 324 134, 353 sUI vihAra 172 siMdhu sauvira 173 sUryakAnta nA. caudharI 11, 16, 42, 87-92, siMhapura 349 95-97, 216, 245, 322, 340 siMhasUri 260 sUryapUjA 288 siMhasena 38, 77, 81, 96, 135, 138- senAA 85 39, 219, 224, 236, 239, 248, | selyusIDa (saMvata) 60, 172-73, 223 354 sevanI 191 sI.je.brAuna 229 saiTUna (nadI) 53 sIstAna 47-49, 24-56, 59-60, 85, | sojitrA 349 148 sonapura 20, 24-25, 32, 36-38, 43, sukhalAlajI (paMDita) 258, 268-69. 140, 143, 166, 191 sugda(pradeza) 49, 54 sonarekha 347 sudarzana (taLAva) 7, 118-19, 157-63, | sonAlI guptA 215-16 192, 196, 348, 352, 360-61 | | sopArA 106, 154, 197, 316 sudarzana (bauddha sAdhu) 242, 250, 255, 319 somanAtha (pATaNa) 106, 197, 210, 214, sudAsaka (gotra) 251 284-88, 343 sudharmA 256, 362 somazarmA 284-84 sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya pa3-58, 64-69, 88, | somasiddhAnta 284-87 112, 132184, 187-89, 199 ] solaMkIkAla 10 sunila guptA 225 soMgayUna 174 subbArAva 16, 342, 345 saurASTra 8-9, 55, 86, 107, 117, 189surasAgara 163, 91, 226, 286, 325, 35ra suraTha 198 saurASTra yunivarsiTI 163 surata 40, 204, 295, 336, 344 saurasenI (prAkRta) 271 surASTra 10, 55, 106-107, 115-19, | sauvIra 117, 190, 198 For Personal & Private Use Only

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402 sthaviranikAya 295 spAlira (spAlirisa) 59, 67-68, 105 svarAja prakAza guptA (juo esa.pI.guptA) svAmI jIvadAmA (juo jIvadAmA) svAmI siMhasena 354 sauMda22Ajana 229 skaMdagupta 93, 109, 140, 157-62, 228, | hariSaNa 255 241, 348, 359 skeladilAcArya 256-57, 362 harjhaksDa 50, 87 skAMdilIvAcanA 256 haviSka (haviSka) 148, 172, 177 sTena kono 49, 52-54, 57, 60-70, 79, | havei-ti (rAjA) 48 84-85, 88, 104, 110-11, 148, | hasamukha dhIrajalAla sAMkaLiyA 293, 297-99, 152, 173 303-14, 330-31, 339-40, 358 sTreTo 1lo 63 sTreTo 2jo 63 sTrebo 50, 91 staMbhanaka (tIrtha) 228-29, 324 hakhAmanI 47, 73, 86, 158 hagamaza 63 hagAna 63 haDappA (saMskRti) 159 hana (rAjya) 48 hana (vaMza) 51 hamadAna 46, 50 harAlDa invoTa 94 harizcaMdra raoNya caudharI 174 sthiramati 263-63, 270, 274-75, 290, | hiMdI zakastAna 49, 57-58, 65 hindudharma 263, 311, 363 307 smitha 52-54, 85, 144, 172-73, 177, | hiMgoLagaDha 323 231 ricaraNa ghoSa 174, 178 hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI 16-18, 44, 95, 145, 230, 239, 245, 247, 269, 292. hirabhadra 257 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta harihovaka (gotra) 240, 248 hastakavapra 207, 346 hastinApura 287 hATakezvara 336 hAthaba 207-08, 215-16, 346-50, 364 hinayAna 318 himAcala 144 hiyaMganU 48, 51-52, 179 hiMdIkuza 176-77, 350 hiMdI mahAsAgara 10, 204 hiMmatanagara 337 hIrAlAla (rA.ba.) 81 hIrAlAla amRtalAla zAha 81, 270, 313 huAna 175 hUNa 48-49, 51-52 herAta 49 heroDoTasa 47, 50 herodota 47, 50 helamaMda (nadI) 47, 49 haidarAbAda 179 | hoDIvAlA 51 horA jyotiSa 263, 270 hormiadAsa 177. For Personal & Private Use Only

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nakazA-Alekha-citra-sUci varNana-saMdarbha-pRSTha 106-07 ane prakaraNa nava prakaraNa che, agiyAra prakaraNa sAta, agiyAra 0 cha ja 277thI 280 277thI 280 277thI 280 277thI 280 295thI 298 300thI 302 302thI 303 da m 0 che nakazAsUci kramAMka viSaya 1 kaNiSka ane nahapAnanA rAjya vistAra 2 kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjAono rAjaya vistAra 3 cAkhanAdi rAjavaMzano rAjaya vistAra AlekhasUci 1 kSatrapakAlIna lipino koTho (thI Dha sudhI) kSatrapakAlIna lipino koTho (U thI sudhI) aMtaHstha svaracihnano koTho saMyuktAkSara ane aMkacihna bAvA-pyArAnI guphAnuM talamAna uparakoTanI guphAnuM talamAna (upalo majalo) uparakoTanI guphAnuM talamAna (nIcalo majalo) citrasUci (sikkA) 1 bhUmika nahapAna nahapAna nahapAna cANana 6 rudrasiMha 1lo 7 jIvadAmAM 8 rudrasena 1lo (varSa 130) 9 rudrasena 1lo (varSa 140) 10 pRthivISaNa 11 dAmajadazrI rajo 12 yazodAmAM 1lo 13 dAmajadazrI 3jo 14 rudrasena 2jo 15 vizvasiMha 16 yazodAmA rajo 17 rudrasena 3jo - 18 rudrasiMha 3jo (varSa 320) 19 svAmi rudrasiMha 3jo 20 rudrasiMha 3jo (varSa 337) 21 Izvaradatta ja da 100-101 102thI, 111 102thI, 111 102thI, 111 113 21-22, 120thI 122 22, 123 22-23, 124-25 22-23, 124-25 24, 125-26 25, 127 25-26, 127 27, 128 28-30, 128 29-30, 128 34-35, 136-37 3pa-38, 137-38 38-39, 139 38-39, 139 38-39, pariziSTa ATha For Personal & Private Use Only

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404 22 moa 23 moa 24 aya (ajhIjha) 1lo 25 ayiliSa (ajhiliSa) ayiliSa (ajhiliSa) 26 27 ayiliSa (ajhiliSa) 28 ayiliSa (ajhiliSa) 1 uSavadAttano nAsika guphAlekha (naM. 10) uSavadAttano nAsika guphAlekha (naM. 12) uSavadAttano kArle guphAlekha ayamano junnara guphA(maMdira)lekha zoDAsano lekha ry = 4 6 cASTananA samayano dolatapura lekha (varSa 6) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 citrasUci (zilAlekha) cASTrananA samayano AMdhau lekha (varSa 11) rudradAmAno samayano AMdhau lekha cASTana-rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhau lekha (varSa 52) rudradAmAnA samayano khAvaDA lekha (varSa 62/72) cASTana ane rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhau lekha cASTana-rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhau lekha (varSa 52) rudrasiMha 1lAno guMdA lekha rudrasiMha 1lAno vAMDha lekha (varSa 110) jIvadAmA 1lAno jUnAgaDha lekha rudrasena 1lAnA samayano mevAsA lekha (varSa 103) rudrasena 3jAno goMDalano khaMDita lekha (varSa 272) devanI morIno samudgaka (lakhANa sAthe) devanI morI samudgakanA taLiyAno lekha pATaNavAvano khaMDita lekha 1 dvArazAkhanAM pratIka (bAvApyArA) 2 dvArazAkhanAM pratIka (bAvApyArA) citrasUci (lalitakalA) For Personal & Private Use Only 58-60 58-60 61 61 61 61 61 kSatrapakAlIna gujarAta 102, pariziSTa eka 102, pariziSTa eka 102, pariziSTa eka 102, 107 62-63 114, 251, pariziSTa eka 243-244 114, 250-51, pariziSTa eka, 242-243 116thI, pariziSTa eka prakaraNa sAta, pariziSTa eka prakaraNa sAta, pariziSTa eka prakaraNa sAta, pariziSTa eka prakaraNa sAta, pariziSTa eka pariziSTa eka, 120-21 pariziSTa eka, 120-21, 238, 247 pariziSTa eka, 123 pariziSTa eka, 124-25, 239-241, 248 pariziSTa eka, 137-38 pariziSTa eka, 87, 241 242, 317-321 pariziSTa eka, 87, 241 242, 317-321 295-298 295-298

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405 10 295-298 295-298 295-298 327-328 327-328 327-328 327-328 3ra7-328 3/9 3/9-310 317-321 317-321 317-321 331-332 331-33ra 333 334 33) 336 14 nakazA-Alekha-citra-sUci 3 caityavAtAyana (bAvApyArA) 4 guphAnuM pravezadvAra (bAvApyArA) pa vyAla-mukha (bAvApyArA) 6 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) 7 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) vAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) 11 khaMbhAlIDAnI guphA 12 siMha-zIrSaka staMbha (kaDiyA DuMgara) 13 ukhanana pUrve bhojarAjAno Tekaro (devanI morI) mahAtUpanI pIThikA-dIvAla (devanI morI) mahAtUpanuM iMTerI suzobhana (devanI morI) buddhamUrti (devanI morI). buddhamUrti (devanI morI) 18 mAtA ane zizu (zAmaLAjI) bhIlaDInA vezamAM pArvatI (zAmaLAjI) kSatrapa-mastaka (kAkAnI siMhaNa). 21 ekamukha zivaliMga (kheDabrahmA) 22 UMcI Doka sAMkaDA moDhAnuM siMcana (amarelI) 23 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM. 14) (gaMbhIrapurA) 24 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM. 15) (gaMbhIrapurA) 25 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (. 15) (gaMbhIrapurA) ra6 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM. 16) (gaMbhIrapurA) cakacakita rAtAM vAsaNa-UMcI Doka ane sAMkaDA moMDhAvALAM siMcaka 1 (amarelI), 2 ane 4 (vaDanagara), 3 (kAravaNa), 5 (somanAtha) TUMkI garadana, maNakAdAra ke cAMcavALAM kAnAvALAM siMcaka 6 (vaDodarA), 7 ane 8 (amarelI) chIcharI rakAbI : 9 ane 10 (TIMbaravA) 28 cakacakita rAtAM vAsaNa : citrita mRbhASTha 11 ane 12 (amarelI), 13 ane 14 (somanAtha), pakavelA mATInA maNakA 15thI 18 (vaDodarA) 16 19 338-339 338-339 338-339 338-339 pariziSTa bAra, 349-50 pariziSTa bAra, 349-58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra sUci (1) nakazAsUci (2) AlekhasUci (3) citrasUci (sikkA) (4) citrasUci (zilAlekha) (5) citrasUci (lalitakalA) For Personal & Private Use Only

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nakazAsUci UTTIja kapa ( nI III kaSkino rAjyavistAra nahapAnano rAjyavistAra nakazo 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karAta chApA rAjayanuM kyAd no | Sa*pura dudhApura kavi prabhAsa Gr FAno nAsika saMta paricaya + zilAlekhomAM kallikhitaththaLo A zilAlekhoLo prati-sthAna p sikkAdhina prApti-sthAna SKA - nakazo 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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/ (nsala sauvIra * |- kArdasaka kSatrapa samayanuM gujarAta saMketa paricaya + zilAlekhomAM uslikhita sthaLo A. zilAlekhonAM prApta-sthAna - +9che sikkavinI prApti-sthAna +tidbaant nag .mevAso sa2vaNayA *MITf kavakti gaoNdaramAM . che +Akara For Personal & Private Use Only devAi bhUlavA2 * jhAlAThI ( amarelIu) 2 phAmarejaD. on jiMkvADAd D zlopa sevana phAMsojI 9101 U amarAvatIu kapaTI Dinyapas "avaq. *bAsima0. _ \' nakazo 3.

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GYYY nAi :: 5 3 5 5 gha p 6 Dr L 1805 ne A D ED chaLa 84 ja E ari Z 2 4t+ ++ ++ saal| Q |48| 1 n ga & W ||8|B ma r 2 80 500 Y mi .. s DXT 5 2 && L O lbly 455 EEE AlekhasUci 7 s C S D 3 J. 3 L RHKH For Personal & Private Use Only X X" 8 122/2 KOD fjftf 22/22 ||pn|| i 7/2 !! ls bd l hy d EEEEEEEEEE 80 O raTa 8 Alekha 1 kSatrapakAlIna lipino koTho (6 thI 3 sudhI) O cc mtt Xia FU

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I II I 12) | In 4|4|1 | PrYtyp 40 na 0 mm H? u 2 O za 3 11 2 3 3 2 131/73 D DADDO 0133 TT nana or pooh GOO jAda O 0 Co 30 | 2010 | D lAlala la lalAla ma 444 444 4 es8 Xm4 4 4 444 yaha DJ was |2| J | JJ | J G91 199 480 004 6 W 41|14|11|1 1 2 8 14 + I 55 55 5 D hAla ThaTha 0 la 0 For Personal & Private Use Only a & Juichrww DJJJ JIJ yrI ph 2 Tha &&& 886 kala 299 94 gha R R 492 ta 2 na ta tera 8 hara taranatA (khtt3082 7 1978 phdja da 6/6 Alekha 2 kSatrapakAlIna lipino koTho ( thI sudhI) www.jalnelibrary.org

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1234567re ?freoxpoel 332 pAhArA 26/Page #428
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In RJ 6. *Dt. cha7-8] En neon GSE da IT Hi | T nuM haba, Alekha 5 bAvA-pyArAnI guphAnuM talamAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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All] ka TER LILLI zma Alekha 6 uparakoTanI guphAnuM talamAna (upalo majalo) O OF S Rol s101 Alekha 7 uparakoTanI guphAnuM talamAna (nIcalo majalo) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citrasUci (sikkA) citra 1 citra 2 ST) ( bhUmaka nahapAna citra 3 citra 4 nahapAnA nahapAna citra 5 citra 6 1 / . cASTranA rudrasiMha 1lo For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 7 jIvadAmA citra 9 rudrasena 1lo varSa 140 citra 11 dAmajadazrI 2jo For Personal & Private Use Only citra 8 rudrasena 1lo varSa 130 citra 10 pRthivISeNa citra 12 yazodAmA 1lo

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citra 13 citra 14 dAmajadazrI 3jo rudrasena 2jo. citra 15 citra 16 vizvasiMha yazodAmAM rajo citra 17 citra 18 rudrasiMha uja rudrasiMha 3jo varSa 320 For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 19 citra 20 svAmi rudrasiMha 3jo. rudrasiMha 3jAno varSa 337no sikko citra 21 citra 22 Izvaradatta moA citra 23 citra 24 MEVA moA aya (ajhIjha) 1lo For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 25 ayilipa (ajhiliya) citra 27 ayilipa (ajhiliSa) For Personal & Private Use Only citra 26 ayilipa (ajhilipa) citra 28 *} aciliSa

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uSavadAttano nAsika guphAlekha (naM.10) RxZR (DLCLLC24) For Personal & Private Use Only hS.Estilor taikomielit trimit This hmuto maridy run werden mus:form to o k at the otkh' take an onie koi Pujw.ipra lurar ruhigen ke Pass bouto . b krej

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LOF X citra 2 My Ye 2 d 12 #4++++PAK uSavadAttano nAsika guphAlekha (naM.12) citra 3 uSavadAttano kArTe guphAlekha For Personal & Private Use Only ka

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citra 4 vikapa 25 u . pa . } ThaMw TTha 8 a rAka che O4cud huThae46* ayamano junnara guphAmaMdira lekhA citra 5 kunuM saMpaEx;" karI dara x aMdhAreusSA : zoDAsano lekha citra 6 * * .. ' ma cASTananA samayano dolatapurano lekha (varSa 6) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 7 cASTananA samayano AMdhauno lekha (varSa 11) citra 8 rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhauno lekha For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 9 cASTana-rudradAmAnA samayano AMrdhAno lekha (varSa pa2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 10 rudradAmA 1lAno khAvaDA lekha (varSa 62/72) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 11 Xiao Nei Chuan kanyam Hshwk stoli ZUF km23,10 cASTana-rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhIno lekha n so For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 12 cAkhana-rudradAmAnA samayano AMdhIno lekha (varSa pa2) For Personal & Private Use Only

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1 Habarental f iller forholze.nl would te citra 13 rudrasiMha 1lAno guMdAno lekha For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 14 rudrasiMha 1lAnA samayano vAMDhano lekha (varSa 110) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 15 PRI HASAM h' Ausdny For Personal & Private Use Only jIvadAmA 1lAno jUnAgaDhano lekha

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citra 16 che : Pasppu takanaka hakak9akA karatA 25 kalavA che drasiMha 1lAnA samayano mevAsAno lekha (varSa 103) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 17 rudrasena 3jAno goMDalano khaMDita lekha (varSa-272) citra 18 mata thai ja para jhajha) dad 1&3 ). devanI morIno samudgaka (lakhANa sAthe) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 19 4 . .? * * * Page #450
citrasUci (lalitakalA) citra 1 citra 2 dvArazAkhanAM pratIka (bAvA pyArA) dvArazAkhanAM pratIka (bAvA pyArA) citra 3 citra 4 caityavAtAyana (bAvA pyArA) guphAnuM pravezadvAra (bAvA pyArA) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 5 bAlamukho (bAvA pyArA) citra 6 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 7 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) citra 8 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 9 bAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) citra 10 vyAlamukha (jUnAgaDha saMgrahAlaya) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 11 khaMbhAlIDAnI guphA For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 12 citra 13 For Personal & Private Use Only siMha-zIrSaka staMbha (kaDiyA DuMgara) ukhanana pUrve bhojarAjano Tekaro (devanI morI)

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citra 14 mahAtUpanI pIThikAnI dIvAla (devanI morI) citra 15 Terms zA mahAtUpa iMTerI suzobhana (devanI morI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 17 citra 16 For Personal & Private Use Only (TApta (oba) Melo (Ple (ob3) jo

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citra 18 citra 19 For Personal & Private Use Only mAtA ane zizu (zAmaLAjI) bhIlaDI veze pArvatI (zAmaLAjI)

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For Personal & Private Use Only citra 20 kSatrapa mastaka (kAkAnI siMhaNa) citra 21 ekamukha zivaliMga (kheDabrahmA)

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citra 22 UMcI Doka sAMkaDA moMDhAvALuM siMcaka (amarelI) citra 24 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM.15) (gaMbhIrapurA-iDara) For Personal & Private Use Only citra 23 zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM.14) (gaMbhIrapurA-iDara) citra 25 vallabhI zailAzraya citrita stUpa (naM.15) (gaMbhIrapurA-iDara)

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citra 26 zailAzraya citrita sUpa (naM.16) (gaMbhIrapurA-iDara) citra 27 1 7 cakacakita rAtAM vAsaNa UMcI Doka ane sAMkaDA moDhAvALAM siMcaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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citra 28 I. 1. / / lt, } + + + + + ' . / For Personal & Private Use Only 16 \\ vh111, cakacakita rAtAM vAsaNa : citrita mRmbhADa

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L. D. Series : Latest Publications 185 360 135 120 220 180 110 65 128 Sastravarta Samuccaya of Acarya Haribhadra Suri with Hindi translation Notes & Introduction by Dr. K.K.Dixit P.P.272 (2001) 129 Temple of Mahavira Osiyaji Monograph by Dr. R.J.Vasavada P.P. 30+ Plates 61 (2001) 130 Bhagwaticurni - Ed. Pt. Rupendra kumar Pagariya P.P. 120 (2002) 131 Abhidha - Dr. Tapasvi Nandi P.P. 84 (2002) 132 A Lover of Light amoung Luminaries : Dilip Kumar Roy Dr. Amrita Paresh Patel P.P. 256 (2002) 133 Sudansana-cariyam Dr. Saloni Joshi P.P. 8+110 (2002) Sivaditya's Saptapadarthi with a commentary by Jinavardhana Suri Ed. Dr. J. S. Jetly P.P. 24+96 (2003) 135 Paniniya Vyakarana - Tantra, Artha aura Sambhasana Sandarbha Dr. V. M. Bhatt P.P. 88 (2003) 136 Kurmasatakadvayam, Translation with select Glossary - Dr. V. M. Kulkarni Introduction by Dr. Devangana Desai P.P. 85 (2003) 137 Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts Vol. V 138 Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts Vol. VI 139 Mahavira's Words Translation from the German with much added material by W.Boll'ee and J. Soni 140 Vyakarna Mahabhasya Of Bagavad Patanjali Gujarati Translation with Critical Notes by Dr.P.R.Vora P.P. 6+58 +652 (2004) 141 Sahrdayaloka by Dr. T. S. Nandi vol.1, part-1, P.P.575 (Thought-currents in Indian Literary Criticism) 142 Sahrdayaloka by Dr. T.S. Nandi vol.1, part-2, P.P.620 143 Sahrdayaloka by Dr. T.S. Nandi vol.1, part-3, P.P.655 100 900 700 600 600 650 650 700 Our Forthcoming Publications Haribhadra Suri's Yogasataka Sambodhi Vol. XXIX - For Personal & Private Use Only www.lainelibrary.org