Tattvavichar ane Abhivandana

Author(s): Chimanlal Chakubhai Shah, Ramanlal C Shah and Others
Publisher: Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005911/1

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ane dcavicAra abhivaMdanA cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha

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tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA ! lekhaka sva, cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha sa pAMdaDa ramaNalAla cI. zAha pannAlAla 2. zAha gulAm deDhiyA prakAzaka zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha 385, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela roDa, mubaI 400 004 mukhya vikretA navabhArata sAhitya maMdira 162, prinsesa sTrITa, mu.baI-2 * gAMdhI roDa, patAsAALanI sAme, jaina derAsara pAse, amadAvAda-1.

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TATTVAVICHAR ANE ABHIVANDANA by Chimaplal Chakubhai Shah Published by Shri Bombay Jain Yuvak Sangh 385, Sardar V. P. Rd, Bombay 400 004 prathama AvRttiH navembara, 1985 prata 1100 kiMmata rU. 35/ prakArAka zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha 385, saradAra vI. pI. roDa, prArthanA samAja, muMbaI 400 004 mudraka zivalAla jesalapurA girIza jesalapurA svAti prinTiMga presa, 13, tejapAla sosAyaTI, amadAvAda 380 007 AvaraNacitra jaya paMcolI

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prakAzakIya - zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMghanI vividha saMskAralakSI pravRttiomAM enA pAkSika mukhapatra "prabuddha jIvananuM niyamita prakAzana e eka mahattvanI pravRtti che. chellAM 47 varSathI niyamita pragaTa thatuM raheluM A pAkSika gujarAtanA ne vizALa vAcakavarganuM prItipAtra banyuM che. ema thavAmAM sauthI mahattvanuM pradAna enA taMtrIonuM rahyuM che. ' - I. sa. 1971 mAM "prabuddha jIvana'nA taMtrI zrI paramAnaMda kApaDiyAnA svargavAsa pachI svazrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhe A pAkSikanuM sukAna emanA jIvananA aMta sudhI saMbhALyuM hatuM. eka dAyakA jeTalA e samayamAM emaNe maulika dRSTi ane svastha, samatola citana vaDe A sAmayikane uttarattara uccatara bhUmikAe lAvIne mUkayuM hatuM. "prabuddha jIvana'nA pratyeka aMkamAM sva. cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha eka lekha acUka lakhatA. vaLI kyAreka kyAreka vividha ghaTanAo upara taMtrIne dha paNa lakhatA. e lekhamAMthI ciraMtane mUlyavALA keTalAka lekho tAravIne zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha taraphathI A agAu be pustako pragaTa karavAmAM AvyAM che: (1) avagAhana ane (2) samayaciMtana. - sva. cImanabhAI cheka 1939 thI "prabuddha jIvanamAM lakhatA rahyA hatA. tyArathI te I. sa. 1971 sudhImAM emanI kalame lakhAyelA AvA ghaNA lekho haju agraMthastha rahyA che. temAMthI mahattvanA keTalAka lekho tAravI eka pustaka prakAzita karavAno nirNaya amArI kAryavAhaka samitie karyo ane A pustakanA saMpAdananuM kAma Do. ramaNalAla cI. zAha, zrI panAlAla 2. zAha ane prA. gulAba deDhiyAne soMpavAmAM AvyuM. emaNe "prabuddha jIvananI varSavAra phAIle tapAsI, lekhonI pasaMdagI karI, viSaya-anusAra goThavI A pustakanuM saMpAdana karyuM che. AvuM parizramayukta kArya karI ApavA mATe ame teonA AbhArI chIe.

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zrI cImanalAla cakubhAI zAhanA avasAna bAda emanI smRtimAM cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha smAraka nidhinA nAmathI dravsasa'carca karavAmAM AvyA hatA. A nidhimAMthI sva. cImanabhAInA lekhAnu eka pustaka 'samayaciMtana ' pragaTa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. have A pustakanuM prakAzana paNa e nidhimAMthI ja thaI rahyu che te amArA mATe atyaMta AnaMdanI vAta che. sva. cImanalAla cakubhAI smAraka nidhinA dAtAone, vividha pravRttiAnI javAbadArI upADI lenAra kAkartAonA tathA tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA 'nA prakAzanamAM jemanA jemanA taraphathI eka yA bIjI rIte sahakAra sAMpaDatho che te mATe ame te sahutA AbhAra mAnIe chIe. muMbaI tA. 12-11-1985 dIpotsavI parva 4 ke. pI. zAha pannAlAla 2. zAhe *ma trI

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saMpAdakIya sva. cImanalAla cakubhAI zAha zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha sAthe cheka I. sa. 1936 thI saMkaLAyelA hatA. paryuSaNa vyAkhyAnamALAnA eka vyAkhyAtA tarIke teo I. sa. 1936 thI ekAda-be apavAda sivAya I. sa. 1982 sudhI eTale ke emanA dehotsarga sudhI saMkaLAyelA hatA. taduparAMta I. sa. 1939 thI "prabuddha jaina" ane I. sa. 1953 thI "prabuddha jIvana mAM jIvanane vyApakapaNe spaze evA prazno ane rASTrIya temaja AMtararASTrIya ghaTanAo vize emanA vicAro pragaTa thatA rahyA hatA. chellA eka dAyakA jeTalA samaya teo jaina yuvaka saMghanA pramukhapade rahyA hatA. I. sa. 1971 mAM paramAnaMda kuMvarajI kApaDiyAnA avasAna bAda teo prabuddha jIvananA taMtrI thayAM. teTale "prabuddha jIvanamAM emane niyamita lakhavAnuM thayuM. A rIte emaNe lakhelA lekhone eka saMcaya "avagAhana'nA nAme I. sa. 1977 mAM pragaTa karavAmAM Avyo hato. I. sa. 1982 mAM emanuM avasAna thayuM. I. sa. 1977 thI emanA dehatsarga sudhImAM emaNe lakhelA lekhonuM eka pustaka "samayaciMtana'nA nAme emanI prathama puNyatithie I. sa. 1983 mAM pragaTa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. paraMtu temAM I. sa. 1939thI I. sa. 1971 sudhImAM "prabuddha jena" ke "prabuddha jIvanamAM pragaTa thayelA emanA lekho haju sudhI graMthastha thayA na hatA. AvA lekhomAMthI ciraMtana mUlyavALA lekho tAravIne pustakarUpe pragaTa karavAne zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMdhanI kArobArI samitie nirNaya karyo ane enuM saMpAdanakArya amane sepavAmAM AvyuM. e mATe ame zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMdhanA RNI chIe. - sva. cImanabhAInI vicArasaraNI maulika, spaSTa ane taTastha hatI. svabhAve teo ciMtaka hatA ane tattvajJAnanA abhyAsI hovAnA kAraNe viSayanA mULa sudhI javAnI emanI dRSTi rahetI. kAyadAnA teo niSNAta hatA eTale saMkSepamAM ekasAIpUrvaka lakhavAne emane mahAvare hatA. emanI vicArasaraNI

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tarkabaddha ane vizada hatI. koI paNa viSaya le, e viSayonAM badhAM pAsAone AvarI laI nicoDarUpe cImanabhAIne je kaMI kahevAnuM hoya te bhAratIya saMskRtine anurUpa ja hoya. ApaNuM prAcIna RSi-maharSinA vaicArika vArasAne teo AjanA saMdarbhamAM, nyAyasaMgata rIte DhALI zakatA. vyakti vize lakhatAM emanI daSTi guNagrAhI rahI hatI. "avagAhana" ane "samayaciMtana' e be. emanAM prakAzanee emane gujarAtanA prathama keTinA ciMtakamAM sthAna. apAvyuM che. " prastuta pustakamAM mukhyatve I. sa. 1939 thI 1971 sudhImAM prabuddha, jaina" ke "prabuddha jIvana mAM pragaTa thayelA lekhomAMthI keTalAka mahattvanA lekho pasaMda karIne ahIM graMthastha karavAmAM AvyA che. cImanabhAIe govadhabaMdhI. vize "prabuddha jIvanamAM avAranavAra lakhyuM che. e badhA lekho. yathAtathI ahIM pragaTa karavAne badale e lekhanuM saMkalana karIne mUkvAmAM AvyA che. taduparAMta viSaya, prakAzavarSa ityAdinI bAbatamAM vartamAna saMdarbhanI. daSTie Avazyaka evuM saMkalana-saMpAdana jyAM ucita ane Avazyaka lAgyuM, tyAM karyuM che. - cImanabhAInA A badhA lekho mATe prabuddha jaina" ane "prabuddha jIvananI varSavAra phAIle amane sulabha karI ApavA mATe zrI muMbaI jaina yuvaka saMdhane. karmacArIgaNa upayogI thayo che. A badhA lekhonI presakopI taiyAra karI ApavAnI zrI jayendrabhAI sacadee javAbadArI vahana karI che ane praka-vAcananuM kAma svAti prinTiMga presanA De. zivalAla jesalapurAe saMbhALI amane mahadaMze ciMtAmukta karyA che. A badhA mitronA ame te mATe AbhArI chIe. taduparAMta A saMpAdanakAryamAM eka yA bIjI rIte sahAya karanAra sau mitrone. paNa ame A take AbhAra mAnIe chIe. muMbaI, ramaNalAla cI. zAha tA. 12-11-85 pannAlAla 2. zAha dIpotsavI parva gulAba deDhiyA saMpAdake

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anukramaNikA krama viSe 1 rASTrIya ekatA 2 aNuzastro 3 strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha je lagna H cAritryaghaDataranuM sAdhana 5 videzamAM sthira thatA bhAratIya vidyArthIo aMge 6 sarvadharmasamabhAva 7 vidhAyaka ahiMsA 8 ahiMsA paramo dharma huM mahAmUlA jIvanamAMthI huM zuM zIkhyo ? 10 gItAsaMdeza 11 sAdhanA 12 mAnavInI cetanazakti 13 mUrkhAInI parAkASThA 14. kaye mArge ? 15 jaina sAhitya 16 dhArmika zikSaNa 17 bhagavAna buddha 18 zatAvadhAnI munizrI ratnacaMdrajI mahArAja 19 svAmI vivekAnaMda

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- 103 109 114 124 130 20 saMta gADage mahArAja 21 gurudeva TAgora rara banDa rasela 23 gAMdhIjI ane TolasTeya 24 AlabarTa svAIjhara-1 25 AlabarTa svAIra-2 26 dAga hemarazIlDa ra7 bhagavAna mahAvIra 28 govadhabaMdhI, ahiMsA, gosaMrakSaNa ane govaMzavadha-pratibaMdhaka kAyado 29 mULa adhikAra (Fundamental Rights ) 30 anAmata beTha ke - baMdhAraNanI jogavAI 136 138 143 148

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rASTrIya ekatA rASTrIya ekatAnAM vidhAtaka baLa bhASAvAda, komavAda, jJAtivAda, prAMtavAda, dharmavAda vagere navAM nathI, paNa dezane svataMtratA maLyA pachI ektAnI dizAmAM pragati thavAne badale bhinnatA ane judAI vadhela che. svataMtratA maLI na hatI tyAM sudhI deza eka ja dhyeyane varelo hato, ane ektA anabhavatI hatI ane dayanI siddhi arthe samarpaNanI bhAvanAmAM te talIna rahetI hatI. je kaMI vighAtaka baLa hatAM te svAtha ane dezadrohI baLo hatAM - muslima lIga ke keTalAka rAjavIo. muslima lIge dharmanA nAme chevaTe dezanA bhAgalA karAvyA ane svataMtratA prApta karavA ApaNe bhAre moTI kiMmata ApavI paDI. dezanA bhAgalA thatAM eka mahAna vighAtaka zaktimAMthI ApaNe mukta thayA chIe ema lAgyuM. paNa bIjuM eka moTuM vighAtaka baLa ApaNuM vacce UbhuM hatuM - dezI rAjyanuM. aMgrejo hiMdustAna choDI gayA tyAre ghaNA leke ema mAnatA hatA ke hiMdanA hajI vizeSa TukaDA thaze. sArvabhauma sattA kheMcI levAI te pachI dezI rAjya svataMtra thayAM ane 15 oNgasTa, 1947 pachInAM be varSo daramiyAna kAMIka khaTapaTa, rAjaramata ane yojanAo thaI. saradAra paTelanI dIrdhadaSTi, kuneha ane daDha nizcayabaLa na hota to dezanA vizeSa bhAgalA thaI jAta. paNa 1949nI Akhara sudhImAM A gaMbhIra kaTokaTIne aMta Avyo ane dezanA bhAgalA thayA chatAM paNa je bAkI rahyuM te eka sabaLa rASTra thavAne lAyaka banyuM. hiMdustAnanA ItihAsamAM koI kALe na hatuM tevuM eka akhaMDa ane avibhAjya rASTra - kAzmIrathI kanyAkumArI sudhI ane kalakattAthI karacha sudhI - eka taMtra, eka baMdhAraNa nIce sarjAyuM. paNa rASTrIya ekatAne bAdhaka evAM bIjAM baLo paNa hatAM ane tene pahecI vaLavAnA prayatna gatimAna thayA hatA. baMdhAraNa sabhA(Constituent Assembly)mAM cheka eprila 1948mAM nIce mujaba prastAva sarvAnumate thayo hato. ta. a. 1

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA lekazAhIne pUre amalI AkAra ApavA mATe temaja rASTrIya ekatA ane saMgaThana sAdhavA mATe bhAratamAMthI komavAda nAbUda thAya e jarUrI che eTalA mATe, A baMdhAraNasabhAne evo abhiprAya che ke pitAnA baMdhAraNanA kAraNe athavA to tenA keI paNa adhikArIne temaja tenI koI zAkhAprazAkhAne maLelI viziSTa sattAnA kAraNe dharma, jAti ane jJAti athavA te e traNamAMnA koI eka kAraNasara je kaI komI saMsthA amuka ja vyaktione sabhya tarIke svIkArI zakatI hoya ke amuka vyaktione rada karI zakatI hoya tevI koI paNa komI saMsthAne te kAmanI dhArmika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika ane zaikSaNika jarUriyAta mATe jarUrI hoya te sivAyanI bIjI kaI paNa pravRtti calAvavAnI rajA ApavAmAM na Ave ane AvI pravRttio aTakAvavA mATe Avazyaka evAM kAnUnI ke vahIvaTI pagalAM levAmAM Ave.' A prastAva ghaNI rIte dhyAna kheMce te che. A prastAvamAM rahelA bhAvanA vicArIzuM te ApaNe atyAre keTalA dUra gayA chIe ane paristhiti kevI palaTAI che tenuM bhAna thaze. - (1) prastAva mAtra kemavAda( communalism)ne ullekha kare che. atyAre ApaNe cAra-pAMca baLone ullekha karavo paDe che : bhASAvAda (linguism), a face (casteism ), zid 24901 422191EUR (regionalism), dharmavAda (religion) vagere. A uparathI ApaNane samajAze ke svataMtratA maLyA pachI ektAvirodhI kevAM navAM baLe UbhAM thayAM che. (2) A prastAvamAM komI saMsthAone rAjakIya pravRttiomAM bhAga letAM aTakAvavI evo nirNaya che. paNa evI saMsthAonI prAmANikapaNe jarUrI evI dhArmika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika ane zaikSaNika pravRttione kaI virodha nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa tene jarUrI mAnI che. have badhI kamI saMsthAo jemAM dhArmika saMsthAone paNa samAveza thAya che - nI badhI pravRttio pratye aNagamo, sUga ane tiraskAra darzAvAya che ane badhI kamI saMsthAonA astitva upara pratibaMdha mUkavAnI vAta thAya che. je komI saMsthA kaI rAjakIya pravRttimAM bhAga letI na hoya ane mAtra potAnI komanI jarUriyAta pUratI sAMskRtika, dhArmika, zaikSaNika ane sAmAjika pravRtti ja karatI hoya evI saMsthAo paNa aniSTa che ane temAM bhAga levAvALA athavA kAma karavAvALA rASTrIya daSTivALA nathI paNa komI mAnasa dharAve che ema mAnavAmAM Ave che athavA evo pracAra thAya che.

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rASTrIya ekatA (3) uparanA prastAvamAM komI saMsthAone rAjakIya pravRttiomAM bhAga letI aTakAvavA mATe kAyadAthI ane vahIvaTI rIta (legislative and administrative) je kAMI pagalAM jarUrI lAge te levAne ullekha che. kAyadAthI AvAM kaI pagalAM levAyAM nathI ane hiMdustAnanuM navuM baMdhAraNa thayuM te pachI AvAM koI pagalAM kAyadAthI laI zakAya tema nathI, ema sarakAranA kAyadAnA salAhakAroe salAha ApI che, kAraNa ke baMdhAraNamAM nAgarikone je mULabhUta 6587 (fundamental rights ) 24144141 241041 Ghi right of association - saMsthAo racavAne adhikAra che ane te haka upara koI pratibaMdha mUkI zakAya nahi sivAya ke te saMsthAnI pravRtti dezanA hita ke salAmatI jokhamAya tevI hoya te te pravRtti pUratA pratibaMdha mUkI zakAya. etlord? Hi Indian Penal Code, s--153 A 24a People's Representation Acts-125 mAM thoDo pheraphAra karyo che jethI komakema ke vargavaga vacce je kaI verajhera phelAvavA prayatna kare - cUMTaNI daramiyAna athavA bIjI rIte - te te traNa varSanI jela athavA daMDa athavA baMne sajAne pAtra thAya che. paNa A pheraphArathI rASTrIya ekatA sabaLa thAya athavA tenAM sphaTika ta dabAya ema mAnavAne koI kAraNa nathI. - 1947 thI 1961 sudhI A paristhiti uttarottara vaNasatI kema rahI tenA ceDAM kAraNe tapAsIe te tenA ukelanI kAMIka sUjha paDe. cUMTaNI najIka Ave tyAre ekatAnI vadhAre bUmo paDe ane komavAda, bhASAvAda, prAMtavAda vagerenI sakhata jhATakaNI kADhavAmAM Ave. Azcaryajanaka lAgaze chatAM hakIkata che, ke AjhAdI prApta thayA pachI ane keTaleka darajaje tene kAraNe rASTrIya ektAnAM vighAtaka baLee jera karyuM ane bhedabhAva vadhyA. AjhAdInI laData daramiyAna eka ja dhyeya hatuM - svataMtratA prApta karavAna:- jene kAraNe tyAga ane balidAnanI bhAvanA prabaLa hatI. AjhAdI maLyA pachI sattA AvI ane AbAdInI zakyatA ane mArga khullAM thayAM. sattA ane AbAdInI vaheMcaNI mATe kheMcatANa - fight for acquisition of power and prosperity - zarU thaI. je pakSanA hAthamAM rAjakIya sattA AvI ane ATalAM varSo rahI te pakSamAM kheMcatANa vizeSa thaI. bIjA pakSo, laghumatI kema, pachAta vargo, vagerene IrSyA thaI ane vAtAvaraNa vizeSa taMga thayuM. AvA saMjogomAM sattAdhArI pakSa, tenA AgevAno ane bahumatI komamAM je udAratA ane tyAganI bhAvanA joIe tene abhAva mAlUma paDayo, eTaluM

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tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA ja nahi paNa A paristhitine pitAne mATe vadhumAM vadhu lAbha uThAvavAnI vRtti dekhAI. dareka varga, koma, pradeza ane vyaktine ema thayuM, ke sattA ane AbAdI, potAne mATe vadhumAM vadhu meLavI zakAya tema karavuM, e ja svAbhAvika che. pukhtavaya matAdhikArane kAraNe aMtima sattA AmajanatAnA hAthamAM AvI, eTale tenAmAM khUba jAgRti AvI ane potAnA hakakonuM tIvra bhAna thayuM ane te sAthe potAnI pAse hathiyAra che tenuM paNa bhAna thayuM. pachAta vargo, pachAta pradeza, laghumatI komo, strIo, harijano vagerenI unnati karavAnuM keMgresanuM dhyeya che te sAthe potAnA pakSanI sattA TakAvI rAkhavI che, eTale A badhAM tone sAthe rAkhavAnuM tene mATe anivArya banyuM. cUMTaNInA samaye dareka kema ke varganA sahakAra mATe vacane ApavAM paDe. umedavAronI pasaMdagImAM kema ane varganuM lakSa rAkhavuM paDe. tethI A badhAM tane jora maLyuM. paNa A paristhiti mAtra amajanatAnI che ema nathI. AgevAnuM paNa evuM ja mAnasa che. potAnI kema ke potAnA pradezanuM hita prathama mUkavAmAM Ave, dareka rAjyanA mukhya pradhAna pitAnA rAjyanI AbAdI kema vadhe te ja jue. temAM paNa dareka pradhAna vaLI potAnA pradezanuM hita jue. dareka dhArAsabhya pitAnA matadAra vibhAganuM hita AgaLa kare--pachI te audyogika vikAsa mATe heya, naheranAM pANI mATe hoya, sImAo mATe hoya, sAmAjika ane zaikSaNika lAbha mATe hoya. game te kSetre pitAnI koma ane pitAnA vibhAga ke rAjyanuM hita jorapUrvaka AgaLa karavuM ethI ja potAnI sattA athavA sthAna TakI rahe. samasta dezanI AbAdImAM potAnI AbAdI che, e bhAvanA uttarattara ghaTatI jAya tyAM bhAvanAtmaka ekya (emotional integration) thAya kyAMthI ? prAnta athavA pradezavAda (regionalism) ja vadhe. gujarAtanuM rAjya thAya temAM gujarAta, saurASTra ke kacchanAM hita judAM judAM kheMcAya, mahArASTramAM vidarbha, marAThAvADA ke mahArASTranAM hitonI kheMcatANa thAya--evuM badhe. ekalA saurASTramAM juo te jhAlAvADa, gohilavADa, soraTha vagere pradezonI varace kheMcatANa thAya. gujarAta-saurASTrane mAtra dAkhale ja ApuM chuM. badhe evuM che, ethI paNa kharAba. A pramANe kare nahi to AgevAnI ke nahi sauthI bhayAnaka vastu banI che bhASAvAdanI. jemAM dezanA bhAgalA karavAthI hiMdu-muslima prazna patya nahi tema bhASAkIya dhoraNe rAjyaracanA karavAthI

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zaSTrIya ekatA koI prazna patyeA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa vadhAre gUMca UbhI thaI che. ekabhASI rAjyaracanAno mukhya uddeza e che ke, ta bhASA kheAlatA lokeA laghumatImAM hAya ane temanu sthAna UtaratuM rahe. vahIvaTItaMtramAM bahumatI bhASAvALAnuM ja vasva rahe, aneka rIte te bhASAbhASI leAkAnuM ja prAbalya vadhe tevAM pagalAM levAya. pachI Bengal for Bengalis, Bihar for Biharis - baMgALa baMgALI mATe, bihAra bihArI mATe ane evuM ja khInna rAjyAmAM thatAM vAra na lAge. Aje e thai rahyuM che. vaLI bahumatInI bhASAne vahIvaTItaMtranI bhASA batAvatAM, anya bhASAbhASIne vahIvaTamAM ghaNu chu sthAna rahe. zikSaNanI paNa e ja bhASA thAya eTale rAjya-rAjya vaccenI dIvAlA vadhatA jaya. muMbaInA ja dAkhalA le. junA muMbaI rAjyanuM vibhAjana thayuM tyAre sarvocca kakSAe vacane ApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ke muMbaInuM pacaraMgI ane bhAtIgaLa vyaktitva jALavI rAkhavAmAM Avaze. A vyaktitva eTale tenuM bahubhASAbhASI ja - svarUpa ke hindustAnanA koI paNa bhAganA nAgarika tyAM AtmIyatA anubhave. have vahIvaTI bhASA, kAryanI bhASA, zikSaNanuM mAdhyama - badhuM marAThI pharajiyAta karavAmAM Ave, tA zuM thAya te kalpavu. adharuM nathI. bhASAvAdanAM pariNAme TUMka samayamAM ja je dekhAyAM che. tethI tenI gaMbhIratA ApaNe samajI zakA chIe. rAjya putara canA paMca paNa A bhayasthAnethI piriyata hatuM ane tane TALavA keTalAya upAyo - safeguards - sUcavAya che, jevA ke dareka rAjyanI hAikoTa nA trIjA bhAganA nyAyAdhIze paraprAntanA heAvA joIe, akhila hiMda sanadI nAkarIe vadhAravI ane amaladArAnI vakhatAvakhata pherabadalI karavI, 15 thI 20 TakA anya bhASAbhASI leoNkAnI mAgaNI ya tA te bhASAne paNa vahIvaTI bhASA tarIke svIkAravI, zikSaNanA mAdhyamamAM keTalIka ogavAI anya bhASAbhASI mATe karavI, laghumatI kAmAne vahIvaTItaMtramAM pUratuM sthAna ApavuM, laghumatI kAmA ane pachAta vargane potAnI pragati mATe pUratA avakAza ApavA ane samAna taka ApavI, sarakArI nokarI ane anya vahIvaTIta MtrAmAM laghumatI ane anya vargone pUratuM sthAna ApavuM vagere. emAMthI kAnA keTalA amala thAya che ? viraSTha adAlatAnA nyAyAdhIzonI nimaNUka karavAmAM paNa guNadoSa karatAM pradeza, kAma ane bhASAne lakSamAM levAmAM Ave che tyAM khIja kSetrAnu tA zuM kahevuM ? dAkhalA tarIke, eka sUcana evuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke amaladArAnI, ane khAsa karIne ucca kakSAnA amaladAronI, nimaNUka karavAmAM

Page #15
tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA evI vyaktionI nimaNuka karavI ke jenAmAM sAcI rASTrIya daSTi heya. paNa temanA uparI pradhAnamAM ja rASTrIya daSTi na hoya te amaladAromAM kyAMthI Ave athavA hoya te paNa kyAM sudhI Take ? suvidita che ke kema ane prAdezika mAnasanuM jhera uparathI cheka nIce sudhI phelAyeluM che. | ucca zikSaNanA mAdhyama tarIke prAdezika bhASAne svIkArIne to hada karI che. AthI thatuM nukasAna spaSTa dekhAya che, paNa tene aTakAvavAnI hiMmata nathI eTale aMgrejI upara vadhAre bhAra mukAte jAya che. aMgrejInuM sthAna hindIe levuM joIe e spaSTa che, chatAM aneka kAraNone lIdhe te dizAmAM dRSTi jatI nathI. - rASTrIya ekatA sarjavI, bhAvanAtmaka ekya anubhavavuM te saheluM kAma nathI. hindustAne AvI rAjakIya ekatA - political unity - bhUtakALamAM kadI anubhavI nathI. sAMskRtika ane bhaugolika ekatA sadIothI che ane rahI che, paraMtu tene paNa have AMcakA lAge che. ApaNA lohImAM je kAMIka AvuM che ke eka jJAtinI be ane benI cAra jJAti karIe, paNa benI eka karI zaktA nathI. te sAthe ekatAnAM je baLe hatAM - dhArmika tathA sAmAjika - tenI asara ghaTatI gaI che. sAcI rAjakIya ekatA sthApavA mATe rAjakartA pakSa ane tenA AgevAmAM tathA bIjA rAjakIya pakSomAM udAratA, dIrdhadaSTi, prAmANikatA, tyAga vagere joIe. komI saMsthAo pratyenuM valaNa paNa bhUlabhareluM jaNAya che. je komI saMsthA mAtra dhArmika, sAMskRtika ke zikSaNika pravRttio ja karatI hoya ane rAjakAraNamAM koI bhAga letI na hoya tevI saMsthAo pratye paNa je aNagame ane tiraskAranI vRtti pedA karavAmAM AvI che te khedajanaka che. baMdhAraNa sabhAConstituent Assembly - nA TharAvathI A valaNa virodhI che. evI saMsthAo upara sIdho pratibaMdha mUkI zakAtA nathI eTale tene bIjI rIte dAbI devAnA prayatna thaI rahyA che. karaverAmAMthI tene mukti apAtI nathI. chevaTe tenI Avaka upara InkamaTaeNsa vagere kare nAkhI tene baMdha karavI paDe evA prayane thaI rahyA che. te yogya nathI. dharmane nAme muslima lIga ke akAlI daLe, janasaMgha ke hindu sabhAe rAjakIya kSetre je bhAre anartha karyo che, tene kAraNe dharma pratye sUga ane aNagamo darzAvAya che ane dhArmika saMsthAo jene rAjakAraNa sAthe koI saMbaMdha nathI te paNa daMDAya che. rAjakIya puruSoe

Page #16
rASTrIya ekatA rAjakAraNa mATe je bhUtAvaLo UbhI karI che tene have kAbUmAM levAne teo asamartha jaNAya che tyAre sakA sAthe lIlAne paNa bALavAnI vRtti dekhAya che. meM keMgresa ane tenA AgevAne mATe savizeSa lakhyuM che te eTalA mATe ke keMgresanI A bAbatamAM savizeSa javAbadArI che. rAjakIya ekatA kAyadAthI AvavAnI nathI. rAjarjA pakSa ane tenA AgevAne tathA bIjA rAjakIya pakSanA vartanathI ja ektAnuM vAtAvaraNa sarjI zakAze. eka vakhata sattA jatI karavI paDe te paNa sAcA mAge rahIzuM to prajAne sAcuM mArgadarzana maLaze. ane bhUla thaI hoya athavA thatI hoya tyAM prAmANikapaNe bhUla svIkArI, pAchA pagalAM karavAnI hiMmata dAkhavavI paDaze. ' 1-11-'1

Page #17
aNuzastro cIne aNubomba banAvyA ane have avakAzagraha cheADo, pachI bhArata aNuzastrA banAvavAM joIe tevI mAMgaNI joradAra banI che. cIna ane pAkistAnanA bhaya sAme bacavA mATe bhArata pAse aNuzastro hevA anivAya che ema kahevAya che. bhAratIya vaijJAnike khAtarI Ape che ke aNuzastra banAvavA mATenuM jJAna ane sAdhanA - technical know-how - bhArata pAse che ane bhAratIya vaijJAnikA khIjA dezAnA vaijJAnikAthI kAI rIte UtaratA nathI. keTalAka athazAstrI khAtarI Ape che ke aNuzastra banAvavA mATenI Arthika zakti ane sAdhanA - economic resources - paNa bhArata UbhAM karI zake tema che. ema paNa kahevAya cheke bhArata eTale moTA deza che ke amerikA, raziyA ane cIna tathA iMglaeNnDa ane phrAnsa paNa keTaleka darajjo * aNuzastro mATe svAvalaMkhI thAya tyAre bhArata parAvalaMbI rahe temAM ApaNI pratiSThA nathI, ane aNuzastrA nahi banAvIe tyAM sudhI duniyAmAM ApaNA vaTa nahi paDe. A prazna nave! nathI. varSAthI carcAtA Ave che. 1962mAM cIne AkramaNa karyuM tyAre ane tyArapachI teNe vadhAre jora pakaDayuM. bhArata aNuzastra banAvI zake emAM zaMkAne sthAna nathI. kAI paNa deza dhAre tA vahelA-mADA aNuzastrA ochA-vattA pramANamAM banAvI zake tema che. tene mATenAM jJAna ane mAhitI have eTalAM khAnagI nathI ke te meLavI na zakAya. bhArata pAse tA kuzaLa vaijJAniko che ja. amerikAe aNubomba banAvyA. tyArakhAda keTalAMka varSo sudhI ema mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM ke bIjo kAI deza khanAvI niha zake. paNa gheADAM varSoMmAM ja raziyAe aNuomba banAvyo. have to te amerikAnI kharAkharI kare che. iMglaeNnDa ane phrAnse paNa parAvala'khI na rahevA zarUAta karI. cIna jevA pachAta ane garIba deza aNuzastrA nahi banAvI zake athavA Arthika vikAsanI tenI jarUriyAta jotAM aNuzasrAnA utpAdana pAchaLa abajonu kharca nahi kare ema mAnavAmAM Avatu hatuM. saramukhatyArI deza peTe pATA bAMdhIne athavA prAte bhUkhe mArIne paNa dhAryu" karI zake che. aNuzastrone

Page #18
aNuzastro vistAra duniyAnI zAMti mATe meTA bhayarUpa che ema mAnI mahAsattAoe A vistAra aTakAvavA Non-Proliferation Treaty karI ane koI deza upara aNu-AkramaNa thAya te rakSaNa ApavAnI bAMyadharI ApavAnI taiyArI batAvI. keTalAya dezoe A karAra svIkAryo che. ApaNA deze svIkAryo nathI. yuddha mATe bhArata aNuzaktino upayoga nahi kare evI ApaNI nIti hovA chatAM bIjAnI chatrachAyA nIce rahevAnuM ane tevI rIte parAvalaMbI banavAnuM ApaNane mAnya nathI. cInI AkramaNa samaye ane pachI nuclear umbrellanuM rakSaNa ApaNane ApavA amerikAe taiyArI batAvI hatI, je ApaNane svIkArya na hatI. jagatabharane vaijJAnike, tatvaciMtaka ane rAjapuruSa paNa ekamata che ke aNuzastro mAnavajAta ane mAnavasaMskRti mATe mahAvinAzakArI ane bhayaMkara aniSTa che. dharma, nIti vikavazAMtinI dRSTie aNuza mAnavatAnA mahAzatru che. badhA dezo sAthe maLI badhA aNuzastrone sarvathA vinAza kare ane have pachI koI deza aNuzastra banAvaze nahi evo nirNaya thaI zake te sau saharSa AvakAraze. A dizAmAM prayatna thayA che ane thAya che. paNa e saMtoSakAraka rIte saphaLa thAya evI AzA. atyAre dekhAtI nathI. aNuzastro banAvavAnI tarapheNamAM eka ja dalIla cheH bIjA pAse che mATe ApaNuM rakSaNa mATe jarUrI che. dharma, nIti ke mAnavatAnA badhA vicAro ThAkare mArIe ane mAtra rakSaNanI daSTie vicArIe, te paNa zuM aNuzastrothI kharekhara rakSaNa maLavAnuM che ema kahevAya che ke ApaNI pAse aNuzastra hoya te AkramaNa karatAM bIje deza Dare, deterrent bane. thoDe paNa vicAra karIe to A dalIlanI pokaLatA tarata samajAze. kayubAnI kaTokaTI vakhate phucceve DahApaNa vAparyuM na hatuM te aNuyuddha aTakI zakta nahi. eka hiTalara, mAo ke mena aNumbano upayoga karavAno nirNaya kare te koI aTakAvI zake nahi. 1945mAM amerikAe jApAna upara aNubombane upayoga karyo tyAre jarmanI ke jApAna pAse aNubomba hota to keTalo badho vinAza sa heta ? bhaya ane dhamakI upara racAyela zAMti kyAM sudhI Take ? bIjAne satata duzmana mAnatAM rahevuM ane temanA pratye dhikkAra vadhAratAM ja rahevuM, evI sthiti karatAM maraNabhaya tyajI bIjAne * nizcita karavA, ema sAdI samajaNathI vicArIe te vadhAre hitAvaha che. ane aNuzasse banAvIe te paNa nityanavIna zodha ane bIjA dezonA gaMjAvara jaththA - stock-pile- pAse ApaNe keTaluM TakI zakavAnA ? ane jenI

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tatvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA pAse A gaMjAvara jaththA che te paNa bacI zakavAnA che ? aNuyuddha zarU thAya te prati-AkramaNa karatAM pahelAM te nAza thaI jAya, ane kadAca prati-AkramaNa karavAnI zakti bacI jAya te sAmAne vinAza karIe, paNa jenA para AkramaNa thayuM hoya te dezanuM rakSaNa te nathI ja thatuM. eTale ja saMtoSa levAya ke kadAca sAmAne paNa vinAza karIzuM. duniyAne A gAMDapaNamAMthI kema bacAvavI ? koIke te zarUAta karavI paDaze, jokhama kheDavuM paDaze. aNuzastro banAvIe te paNa vinAzamAMthI bacavAnA nathI. te te jatAM karI, nirbhayatA ane naitiktAnuM eka daSTAMta kema pUruM na pADIe ? aNuzastro ApaNI pAse nahi hoya te kadAca aNu-AkramaNane bhaya e cho. raheze. ane Arthika dRSTie te devALiyA sthitimAMthI kadAca bacIzuM. A dezanI bhayaMkara garIbAI dUra karavA pAIe pAI jaIe che, tyAM aNuzastro, banAvavA abajo rUpiyAnuM kharca karavuM e mahA pApa che. prajAnI garIbAI dUra karI haze te bIjI rIte sAmane karavAnI zakti keLavAze. aMte te A zraddhAne viSaya che. 16-2-70

Page #20
strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha samagra jIvanane AvarI le che - sparze che. AthI ghaNAM ekabIjAne sukhI kare che te ghaNAM duHkhI paNa kare che. mATe A viSayanuM sAcuM mUlyAMkana thavuM jarUrI che. A saMbaMdho para bAhya AcArAnI nahi, paNa pAyAnI samajaNa keLavavAnI jarUra che. * ' jIvanamAM cAra purUSArtha kahyA che - dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa. AmAM kAma te strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha (sex relation). paNa sex zabdamAM kAmane, pUre bhAva nathI Avato. Sex zArIrika saMbaMdha mukhyatve darzAve che, jyAre kAma zabdamAM mAnasika bhAva paNa Ave che. eTale huM je kAMI kahIza te mAtra sexnA nahIM paNa kAmane vyApaka arthamAM ja kahIza. aMgrejImAM AvI ja rIte dharmane mATe rIlijiyana (religion) zabda - vaparAya che. paNa dharmane bhAva "rIlijiyanamAM AvatA nathI. rIlijiyanane arthe kaMIka esTAblizke carca(established church)nA jevo thAya che, paNuM dharmamAM vyApakatA che. ' . kAmanA arthamAM maryAdA ne vyApa bane AvI jAya che. viSNu nAjuka che temaja dareka vyaktine gADha sparzatA hoI, te viSaye rUDhi, anubhava, ruci vagerene AdhAre darekanI dRDha mAnyatAo baMdhAI hoya che. che. Aje duniyA eka thaI rahI che. temAM badhe ja bhAratIya saMskRtine AdhAra TAMkavo azakya che. duniyAne pavana saune asara kare che. vicAra-parivartana thayA ja kare che. eTale koI ekakasapaNe pUrvanuM ke pazcimanuM evuM alaga rahyuM nathI. A viSaya pasaMda karavAnuM nimitta che eka patra. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe potAnA keneDAnA nivAsa daramiyAna avAranavAra je patro lakhyA hatA, te 'prabuddha jIvanamAM chapAyA che. eka patramAM temaNe pazcimanA dezomAM strI-puruSa saMbaMdho aMge zuM cAlI rahyuM che te lakhyuM hatuM. eTalethI ja na aTaktAM temaNe te * kahyuM che ke ApaNA dezamAM paNa AvI ja sthiti thanAra che. mATe sAvadha rahIe.

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tatvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA meM tene TUMka javAba "prabuddha jIvanamAM lakhyA hatA. ApaNA dezamAM paNa zuM evuM ja thavuM jarUrI che? pazcimanuM badhuM ja apanAvavAnI jarUra che ? hA, e vAta sAcI che ke pAMca hajAra varSanI ApaNI saMskRtine kaI paNa uthalAvI nahIM zake evI zakyatA have rahI nathI. ene najIkamAM ja cInane dAkhalo che. mAoe kensalzyasanI saMskRti 19 varSamAM ja ukheDI nAMkhI. temAMnI kuTuMbabhAvanA ane sAmAjika vyavasthAmAM krAMti ANa. raziyAmAM paNa jyAre krAMti thaI tyAre te kevaLa Arthika nahatI, samULI krAMti hatI. temAM laganavicchedanI eTalI badhI chUTa ApI dIdhI hatI ke tenAM bhayaMkara pariNAmo joIne pachI leninane ja laDanavyavasthA sthira karavA prayatna karavo paDyo. teNe achaThA glAsane dAkhala (drinking water glass example) ApIne kahyuM ke eka jaNe pIdhelA pyAlAthI tame pANI pIo te te Arogyane keTaluM hAnikAraka che ? Aje have raziyAmAM kaMIka sthiratA AvI che, kuTuMbabhAvanA AvI che. . . . pazcimamAM hipI ne bITasane pavana phelAya che. pariNAme praphayume prakaraNa, jenI bhayaMkaratA DeniMga riporTamAM AchI batAvI che tevAM aneka prakaraNo sajaI rahyAM che. ApaNe tyAM paNa evuM thaI rahyuM che ane ApaNe niHsahAyapaNe joI rahyA chIe, tyAre te aMge vicArIe. mAruM mAnavuM che ke saMtapuruSa ne dharmazAstrIonI strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha vize eka daSTi hoya che te AdhyAtmika daSTi che. paNa mAnavInA hRdayanuM avagAhana karanArA to kavio ja che. - kAlidAsa, TAgora, sTAya, zeksapiyara, geTa vagerenI daSTie mAnavIne juo. strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha kevo hovo joIe te samajavA mATe zreSTha sAhitya uttama sAdhana che. strI-puruSanA AkarSaNane teo tiraskAratA nathI, jyAre dharmazAstro tenA pratye tiraskAra keLavI manuSyane tenAthI vimukha karavA prayatna kare che. "zAkuMtala', kheravAlI', ghare bAhire', "meDama bevarI', vagere kRtio A vAtanI pratIti karAve che. kudarate sajela AkarSaNa e eka elImenTala bAyelojikala phekaTa (elemental biological fact) che. A vastu pAyArUpa che. tenA upara UrminuM taMtra racAyeluM che. tenA upara AdhyAtmika taMtra Ave che.

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sIpuruSa-saMbaMdha kudarate pitAne taMtu cAlu rAkhavA prajotpattinI prabaLa preraNA ApI che. paNa vyaktigata saMbaMdha e eka vastu che ane sAmAjika vyavasthA bIjI vastu che. eka nirjana araNyamAM be jaNa game tema vatI zake, paNa samAjamAM rahevuM hoya to mana phAve tema vatI na zakAya. - lagnasaMsthA eka sezyala InsTiTayuzana che, eTale strI-puruSa-saMbaMdhanA pariNAme sAmAjika svAzya, Arthika saMbaMdho, Arthika hakko vagere prazno UbhA thAya che. eTalA mATe para-strI ke para-puruSa pratyenI daSTine nirNaya levuM jarUrI bane che. zAstrakAre kahe che ke lagnajIvanane pAyo saMyama che. lagna eTale eka strI ne eka puruSanuM joDANa. temaNe saMyamanI pALa bAMdhI; bIje vicAra, bIjI vastu choDI dIdhI - choDI devA joIe. lagna saMyamanuM mahAvata che. parasparanI vaphAdArI tene pAme che. eka patitva, eka patnItva, bahupatnItva ke patitva - badhAmAM kyAMka te maryAdA che ja. hindu laganaprathA kema ghaDAI? Aryo bhAratamAM AvyA ne uttaramAM vasyA. teonI sAthe strIo theDI hatI. bhAratamAM anAryonI saMkhyA vadhu hatI. eTale pitAnI saMkhyA vadhAravA temaNe bahupatnItvanI chUTa ApI. e ja pramANe abulema, eTale ke Aya puruSa sAthe anArya strIne lagnasaMbaMdha mAnya rAkhyo; paNa pratiloma eTale ke Arya strI sAthe anArya puruSanA lagnasaMbaMdhanI manAI karI. AzIrvAdomAM paNa aSTaputravatI bhava, zataputravatI bhava vagere hatA. vidhavAvivAhanI chUTa hatI. jyAre Arya strIonI saMkhyA vadhI eTale te baMdha karI ane satInI prathA dAkhala karI. judAM zAstro ne AcAravicAro ghaDAyAM. brAhmaNanA jevI buddhimAna kema duniyAmAM bIjI koI nathI, je satata parivartanazIla che. bALalananI jarUra hoya tyAre kahe che ke gaIvarSa mA tarI ane lakhe che ke rajasvalA putrInuM moM jenAra bApa narake jAya che. strIone parAdhIna rAkhavI hoya tyAre te kahe che patiH satInA parama hi daivatam ane jyAre tene khuza karavI hoya tyAre te kahe che yatra nAryastu kUtte ramanta taMtra phevatAH | e ja brAhmaNa vaLI kahe che ke je strIsvAtaMcamaheMti | Ama teNe jarUra paDI tyAre strIne thAbaDI che, samAnatA ApI che ne jarUra paDI tyAre gauNa paNa banAvI che. paNa A badhI smRtio che. kevaLa AcAravidhio che. te sthAyI nathI. draupadIne pAMca pati hatA, chatAM tene satI gaNavAmAM AvI che. e

Page #23
14 tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA dvipadInI avadazA te juo ! yudhiSThira, dhRtarASTra, bhISma ne droNa jevA mahAnu bhAnI hAjarImAM duHzAsana jevo mANasa rajasvalA padInAM cIra kheMcI zake che ! e mAnavInA adha:patanane kALa hate. chevaTe lekhake bhagavAnane vacce lAvIne draupadInI lAja bacAvI che. paNa rAmAyaNamAM ApaNane judo ja Adaza jovA maLe che. rAma nirbaLa hatA ? lokApavAdanA bhayathI temaNe sItAne tyAga karyo ? sAMprata ItihAsamAM tenAthI viparIta daSTAMta jovA maLe che. Dayuka evI viMDasare simpasananA premane khAtara rAjapATa jatuM karyuM hatuM. rAme rAjadharma bajAvyo, yuke vyakti sukha joyuM. ' pati tarIkene dharma sA ke rAjA tarIke dharma sA ? A saMgharSa Ave te jIvananI karuNatA che. rAme sItAno tyAga karI tene anyAya karyo che? zuM temanA hRdayamAM sItA pratye prema kahetA ? teo satA vize kahe che: tvaM jIvitaM tvamasi me hRdayaM dvitIyam / ___ tvaM kaumudI nayanayoramRtaM hi aMge / eTale rAmane sItA mATe prema nahotA evuM nathI. haiyuM kaThaNa karI temaNe rAjadharma bajAvyuM. paNa yajJamAM senAnI sItA to mUkI ja tevI ja rIte sItAne jyAre rAma tyaje che tyAre sItA ene thatA anyAya sAme phariyAda nathI karatI. te lamaNane eTaluM ja kahe che? tArA rAjAne kaheje (kAraNa ke have sItAne tajavAthI tenA rAma pati nathI rahyA che ke rAvaNa pAsethI animAM vizuddha thaIne huM AvI e tame AMkhe joyuM che e nathI mAnatA ne lokoe karelI vAta kAne sAMbhaLI te mAne che ? tamArA kuLane A zobhe che?" paNa pharI sItA manane vALe che ke mArAM ja gayA bhavanAM koI pApa mane naDI rahyAM che temAM temane zo vAMka ? A Arya nArInI udAtta bhAvanA che. AthI viparIta draupadI bhIma, ajuna badhAne ja tataDAvI de che ke "huM kaMI tamArI cIja-vastu nathI, milakta nathI. mane jugAramAM mUkavAne tamane zo adhikAra che ?" Ama baMne prakAranI strIonA dAkhalA maLI Ave che.

Page #24
sI-puruSa-saMbaMdha 15 Aje paristhiti badalAI gaI che. strI-puruSane najIka AvavAnI ane samAgamanA prasaMge vadhI gayA che. puruSane strIthI dUra rAkhavA zAstrakAro vidhiniSedhathI prayAsa kare che. strI-puruSa-saMbaMdha bhaya para racAyela hoya te vADo bAMdhavI paDe. bheda pADavA paDe. samAnatA na Ave. dhamanI vividha AjJAo vIthI puruSane aLago rahevA sUcave che. vaLI teo dRNane bhAva paNa lAve che, jema ke strI te hADamAMsanI pUtaLI che, nArI narakanI khANa che vagere. lAlaca paNa Ape che. ahIM sArI rIte vartaze to svargamAM asarA maLaze, ema paNa kahe che. ' paNa Ama bhaya, ghaNA, lAlacanA AdhAre strI-puruSa-saMbaMdhe na TakI zake. gAMdhIjIe A saMbaMdhane nirbhayatAnA ane samAnatAnA dhoraNe lAvI krAMti karI. temaNe strIone dArUnA pIThA para cokI karatI, jelamAM jatI, puruSa sAthe kAma karatI karI. - gAMdhIjI pote manu ane AbhAnA khabhe hAtha mUkIne pharavA jatA. te aMgenI lokaniMdAne temaNe gaNakArI nahotI. temaNe strI-puruSa-saMbaMdho aMge, brahmacarya aMge ghaNA prayogo karyA che. chellA prayogo mATe pyArelAlanuM "dhI lAsTa phejha" ("The Last Phase') vAMcI javuM. - gAMdhIjIe potAnA prayogone aMte nakakI karyuM che ke "sAce brahmacArI thavA puruSe vijAtIya AkarSaNa ja khatama karavuM joIe. napuMsaka thavuM joIe." mAnavInuM mana ati caMcaLa che. mana jo eka ja vicAra karyA kare ke Aje mAre kaI strI sAthe pharavA javAnuM che, konI sAthe rahevAnuM che te te vAtathI ja tenuM mana bharAI jAya, vyagra thAya. tyAM pALa bAMdhavI ja paDaze. ' kaI paNa vyakti saMpUrNa nathI. darekamAM kaMI ne kaMI khAmI te rahevAnI ja. mArI patnI karatAM ghaNuM sArI strIo ghaNI maLaze. mArA pati karatAM ghaNI sArI-puruSa paNa ghaNuM haze. paNa ema vicArIe to jIvana ja naSTa thAya. je saMbaMdha baMdhAya te nibhAva ja rahyo. jIvana pratyenI tamArI draSTi zI che e ja mahatvano prazna che. hA, anivArya hoya to lagnaviccheda thaI zake, paNa sinemAnAM naTanaTIonI jema roja ne roja te pAtra na ja badalAvI zakAya. Aje navA prazno ubhA thayA che. Working girls (oNphisamAM kAma karatI chokarIo ne prazna juo. badhAne leDI TAIpisTa ke prAiveTa sekreTarI zA mATe joIe che ? tenI pAchaLa vijAtIya AkarSaNa ja che. enA anAcAro ochA nathI. mANasa kaI dizAmAM jaI rahyo che ?

Page #25
. 16 tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdana vikaToriyana yugamAM aneka jAtanAM sAmAjika baMdhana hatAM. te veLA lakhAyela "leDI cesTaralIjha lavara" ('Lady Chesterly's Lover') vAMcavA paDApaDI thAya che. zA mATe ? Aje mAnavIne caMcaLa banAve evA sAhityane upADa vadhe che. AnuM kAraNa? - sarokIne 'Sane Sex Order'mAM kahyuM tema "jIvananuM sekasualAIjhezana (sexualisation) thaI gayuM che." reDiyo, philma, jAherAta badhAMmAM ja strIonAM ughADAM aMga-upAMge darzAvI AkarSaNa pedA karAya che. eTale kevaLa uparanA niyamathI A vRtti nahIM dabAya. vyaktie potAnI pALa bAMdhavI paDaze. - bhale jUnavANuM (orthodox) gaNAuM ke pragatizIla na kahevAuM, paNa mAre kahevuM joIe ke A badhuM khoTuM che. strI-puruSanI samAnatA e AjanI siddhi che. Aje vaDA pradhAna ke mahAna vaijJAnika-game te pada para strI AvI zake che, jema ke IndirAjI che. meDaca karI hatAM. chatAM temane vyavahAra kevo rahe e nirNaya jarUrI che. pratyeka mAnavIne pitAnA AgavA vicAro hoya che, je tenA pitAnA anubhavathI ghaDAyelA hoya. che. te ja jIvanane AvarI le che. AjanA svacchaMdI jIvananuM kAraNa che kroIDa(Freud)nI vicAradhArA. pazcimanA jIvanane pAye, "mAnavInA jIvananuM preraNAbaLa sex che" e siddhAMta para racAyeluM che. sekasuala mena Ijha dha helamena (sexual man is the whole man)ne tene siddhAMta ja A badhAMnuM mULa che. paNa teNe te sexnA asAdhAraNa (abnormal) dAkhalAo ja joyA hatA. pahelA vizvayuddhanA viSaya-bhUkhyA sainikanAM jIvananI teNe cakAsaNI karI hatI. phoIDanA niyama mujaba mAnavInI cAra kriyA - AhAra, nidrA, bhaya ne mithuna-ne niyaMtraNa na levuM joIe. paNa vicArapUrvakanuM niyaMtraNa zakya che, jarUranuM che. svacchaMdamAM vinAza che. - kAlidAsanuM "zAkuMtala" juo. temAM ya prathama daSTinA premanI vAta che. paNa aMte tyAga ane tapazcaryAmAMthI thatA sAcA milananI gUMthaNI che. premathI UMcI kaI cIja nathI. paNa e to jene sadbhAgya sAMpaDayuM hoya tene ja sAco prema maLe. mananI caMcaLatAnuM sarasa varNana bhatRharie karyuM cheH yAm cintayAmi satatam mayi sA viraktA, sApyanyadicchati janam sa jano'nyasaktaH / /

Page #26
sI-puruSa-saMbaMdha . asmatkRte ca parituSyati kAcidanyA, dhika taM ca tAM ca madanaM ca imAM ca mAm ca / / - Ama teo badhAM ekabIjAne prema karatAM hatAM, chatAM badhAM caMcaLa hatAM. A na cAle. eTale e saune aMte dhikkAre che. * - zeksapiyarane thele " juo. sAhityakAro praNayatrikoNamAM ja rAcatA hoya che. temaNe tenI paraMparA saI che. strI-puruSane prema e kevaLa vyaktigata prema nathI. te samagra jIvanane AvarI le che. lagnaviccheda ne vidhavAvivAha paNuM koI vAra anivArya thaI paDe che. A AkhAye praznane jovAnI daSTi kevI che te samajI levuM joIe. ApaNo anya strIo ne puruSo sAthe vyavahAra kevo raheze ? ApaNe Apa manane caMcaLa thavA daIzuM ke sthirabuddhi thaIzuM ? kAmavAsanAne ane caMcaLa manane uttejanAnI jarUra ja nathI. tene satata jAgRti ane aMkuzanI jarUra che. gItAmAM sthira buddhinuM varNana ApyuM che. aMte TAgere "zAkuntala" ane "kumArasaMbhavanA karela vivecanamAMthI be avataraNa TAMkuM chuM. AM phakarAomAM bhAratIya daSTibindunuM hArda AvI jAya che ane te Aje paNa satya che. . " ubhaya kAvyomAM batAvyuM che ke mehamaya hoI je akRtArtha che te ja maMgalamaya thaI. kRtArtha bane che. temaNe dekhADyuM che ke je saundarya dharmathI saMyata che te ja dhruva che. ane premanuM zAnta, saMta, kalyANarUpa ja zreSTha rUpa che. saMyamamAM ja saundaryanI kharI zobhA che. uchuMkhalatAmAM tenI tarata vikRti thAya che. bhAratavarSanA purAtana kavie premane ja premanA aMtima gaurava tarIke svIkAryo nathI, kalyANa ja premanuM parama lakSya che e pokArIne kahyuM che. temane mane strI-puruSane prema suMdara nathI, sthAyI nathI; je te vaMdhya heya, je te pitAnAmAM ja maryAdita thaI rahe, kalyANane janma Ape, ane saMsAramAM, putraputrImAM, atithimAM ane paDapaDezamAM vividha saubhAgyarUpe vyApta na thAya." "je premane koI baMdhana nathI, keI niyama nathI, je ekadama naranArI upara AkramaNa karI saMcamadurganA tUTelA buraja upara potAnI vijyapatAkA pharakAve che tenI zaktine kAlidAse svIkAra karyo che. paraMtu tenI AgaLa ta. a. 2

Page #27
18 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA praNipAta karatA nathI. temaNe batAvI Apyu che ke je adha-prema-sabhAga mANasane potAnA kartavya vize pramatta banAve che, te bhartAnA zApathI khaData thAya chaeN, RSinA zApathI aMtarAya pAme che ane daivarASathI bhasmasAt thaI jAya che. zakuntalAne jyAre Atithyadhama kaMI nahi, saghaLuM duSyanta ja, ema thayuM. tyAre tenA e premamAM kAMI mAMgalya na rahyuM. je unmatta prema priyajana sivAya bIjA sahune bhUlI jAya che, te samasta vizvanI nItine pAtAthI pratikULa karI nAkhe che. tethI ja te prema thADA divasamAM ja asahanIya thaI paDe che. saghaLAnI sAme te pote paDe che. potAnA bhAra upADI zakatA nathI. je Atmasa vRtta prema samasta vizvane anukULa che, je peAtAnI AsapAsanAM nAnAM temaja meTAM, potAnAM tathA pArakAM kAIne vIsaratA nathI, je priyajanane kendrasthAne rAkhI, vizva-paridhimAM peAtAnuM maMgala mAya phelAve che tenA acalapaNA upara deva ke mAnava koI AghAta karatuM nathI. AdhAta kare teA paNa tethI te vicalita thatA nathI. paraMtu je prema patinA tapovanamAM tobhAgarUpe gRhasthane bAraNe saMsAradhama nA parAbhavarUpe AvibhUta thAya che te jhaMjhAvAtanI mAphaka anyA nAza kare che ja, paraMtu sAthe potAnA vinAzane paNa teDatA Ave che." 1-11-368

Page #28
4 lagna H cAritryaghaDataranuM sAdhana : lagnasaMsthA nA viSaya eTaleA badhA vyApaka ane jaTila che ke, agraNI vicAraka tenA vize sadAya bhinna bhinna mata pragaTa karatA rahyA che. lagna tA manuSya mATenI vastu che. A saMsthA daiva ke pazu mATe nathI racAI, manuSyajAtinA astitvathI A viSayanI aneka rUpAMtare carcA thaI che ane aMta sudhI thavAnI ja. atre ApaNe eTaluM ja joizuM ke lagnasaMsthAnuM dhyeya zuM ? ane AjanI paristhitimAM e kaI rIte AvI ? mArA mata pramANe lagna e manuSyanA cAritryaghaDataranuM sAdhana che. sAmAjika vyavasthAnuM e mULa che. vyakti game tema rahevAnI vAta kare paraMtu AkhA samAjanI vyavasthAno jyAM savAla heAya tyAM samAja vyakti sAme thaze ja. lagnanA prakAra ghaNA che, ApaNA ja itihAsamAM rAma-sItAnu Ada daMpatInuM dRSTAMta che; pAMca pAMDavanI eka patnI tarIke draupadInA dAkhaleA che. e uparAMta eka puruSe aneka patnI rAkhI hoya evI vAtA tA taddana sahelAIthI ApaNe meLavI zakIzuM. eTaluM cokkasa che ke kAI kALamAM lagnasaMsthA sthira ke eka ja dhAraNa pura nathI rahI. samAjanA vyavahAra mujaba emAM pheraphAro thayA ja karyAM che. jaMgalamAM strI-puruSa sAthe bhaTakatAM hoya ane icchita vartana kare ene ApaNe lagna nathI gaNatA. lagnasaMsthAnI utpatti tA sAmAjika vyavahAranA niyamana `ge ja che. sAmAnyapaNe jene ApaNe dhama ke nIti samajIe chIe te kAI Izvaradatta Adeza che ja nahi. je kALamAM brAhmaNA sa`skAranA svAmI hatA ane pote je prakAranI vyavasthA icchatA hatA ane emaNe dhArmika ane naitika svarUpa ApyuM. anyathA badhuM adhama ane anItimAM khapyu

Page #29
tattvavicAra ane abhiva'6nA itihAsanAM pAnAM paranI eka uparachallI STi ApaNane kahe che, ke prathama AryAM hiMdamAM AvyA tyAre thADI sakhyAmAM AvyA. khIjo deza jItavA nIkaLanArA prathama alpa sa`khyAmAM ja Aya che. ahI' AryAM UtarI AvyA tyAre anAryAnI saMkhyA khUba moTI hatI. 20 A puruSo mATe strInI taddana achata hatI. A eka ja aitihAsika hakIkate ApaNI sAmAjika paristhitinuM mULa rAkhyuM. ArcIne potAne strIe joItI hatI eTale puruSa halakI kAmamAM lagna karI zake evI chUTa ApI. ethI strI-anuloma lagna tyAranA vakhatanA dharmAM hatA. vaLI A khUMkha ahaMbhAvI hatA. potAnI kanyAo halakI kAmamAM paraNe e nahetuM eTale pratilAma lagnanI baMdhI pharamAvI. emane puMcatuM mANasa lagna na kare tA ene mATe, aniyaMtrita vyavahAranA mAga rahe che. lagna eTale ja amuka maryAdA ane baMdhana. puruSanI vRtti bhramara jevI che. enAmAM polygamous instinct mULathI che. enA para niyamana na hoya tA enA vyavahAra vidhAtaka nIvaDe. AvA vyavahAramAM paDelI vyakti potAnI jAtane nAza kare ane samAja mATe bhayarUpa bane eTale kAI paNa upAye maryAdA mUkavI Avazyaka che. eka puruSa ane eka strI AjIvana sAthe joDAMyelA rahe, ane potAnA saMbaMdhane kSaNika na mAne e lagnanI UMcAmAM UMcI kakSA che. uparanI dRSTie jotAM lagnanA pAyA sayama che. paraMtu enuM dhyeya tA AnaMda che. pAyA saMyama ane dhyeya AnaMda, e banne vastu ghaNu jagADanArI che. ApaNe vicAryuM", ke khaMdhanamaryAdA tA heAvI joIe. paraMtu baMdhana jo evA hoya ke ethI mANasa trAse tA lagnane pAMcA e bhUlI jAya che. eTale jo baMdhanamAM paNa AnaMda joItA hoya te te bahArathI ladAyelAM na hovAM joie. svecchAthI svIkAya thaI zake evI maryAdA rahevI joIe. bahAranAM AkarAM baMdhana mANasane lagnanA dhyeya (AnaMda) sudhI nathI laI jatAM. samAjamAM AvuM baMdhana ke maryAdA cAra vastunA jorathI pravaMta che : ( 1 ) dharmAM, ( 2 ) nIti, (3) jAheramata ane (4) kAyade. A cAreya vastune AvatA hissA rahelA che. vidhiniSedhA ane jarUriyAta mAraphata

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lagna: cAritraghaDataranuM sAdhana brAhmaNoe dharma, nIti UbhAM karyA. kAyado kadI jAhera matathI AgaLa jaI 2 sty ten. Law is always behind public opinion. Le jAheramatathI AgaLa vadhe te arthazUnya akSa tarIke ja jIve che. dAkhalA tarIke, kAyadAnI daSTie vidhavAlananI chUTa apAI paraMtu jAheramata na keLavAya tyAM sudhI e atyaMta niMdanIya kArya gaNAtuM. e ja rIte hiMdu dharmanA kAyadAmAM patnI hayAta chatAM bIjI patnI karavAnI chUTa che. chatAM ApaNe anubhava che ke atyAre bIjI patnI karanAranI dayAjanaka sthiti thaI paDe che. samAjanA sakhta roSane pAtra bane che. eTale jAheramata vizeSa mahattvanuM gaNAya che. strI-puruSanuM AkarSaNa kudaratI che. e zArIrika jarUriyAta che. eka ja vyavahAranA be bhAva samAje zabdothI sajya che. ekanuM nAma prema che, bIjAnuM nAma vyabhicAra che. eTale prema kone kahe ane vyabhicAra kone gaNavo e samAja nakakI kare che. aniyaMtrita vyavahArathI bacavA khAtara eka strI ane eka puruSanA joDANane ApaNe lagna gayuM che. eka rIte brahmacarya teDavuM e zarIranuM vinAzatatva che. te ya A tatva vinAzaka hovA chatAM sukhamaya che, AkarSaka che. emAM ja kudarata sarjanazakti mUkI che. mANasa svabhAve svAthI che. paraMtu lagna pachI strI, saMtAna enAmAM kuTuMbabhava gADe che. tyAga ane niHsvArthavRtti prere che. sAthe sAthe saMkucita daSTi paNa Ave che. mAruM ghara, mArI strI, mAruM kuTuMba ema mAruM mAruM karIne vizALatA bhUle che. , eka puruSa ane strI karI zake che. lagnamAM Aje jJAtinI kaDaka maryAdAo naDe che.lagnavicchedanI chUTa nathI. AmAM kudaratI kAnane ke sArAnarasApaNAne jeTaluM vicAra thAya che ethI vizeSa rUDhine khyAla karavAmAM Ave che. huM eTaluM cokkasa mAnuM chuM ke ApaNuM maryAdA evA prakAranI hevI joIe ke jethI strI-puruSa baMnenAM dilamAM enI prasannatA Take. laganavicchedanI chUTathI strI-puruSanAM jIvana asaMyamI na thAya e ApaNe jarUra vicArIe. paraMtu ekabIjA vacce eka tiraskAra hoya, ekabIjAne dhaNu chUTe eTalo saMbaMdha bagaDyo hoya tyAre lagnavicchedanI chUTa hovI joIe.

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22 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'drunA kAyadAmAM chUTAcheDAnI paravAnagI rAkho. sAthe sAthe jAheramata eTalA majabUta anAvA ke mANasa svacchaMdI na khane, banI zake tA vidhavA vivAha na kare. paraMtu emanuM jIvana veDaphAI jatuM hoya tA lagna ja Avazyaka che. lagna vadhu saMgama tarapha laI janAra nIvaDe che. saMyama paNa sAdhana che, sAdhya nathI. sAdhya tA Atmika AnaMda che. sayama ja jo dhyeya ane tA AnaMda mAryA jAya che ane mANasa karamAyelu kAcakSu ane che. ApaNI lagnasa sthAe A badhI hakIkatA vicAravI ghaTe. 1-5-339

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videzamAM sthira thatA bhAratIya vidyAthIo aMge keTalIka saMsthAo taraphathI huM dara varSe lagabhaga 50 thI 60 hajAra rUpiyAnI lona videzamAM abhyAsa karavA mATe jatA vidyArthIone ApuM chuM. AvI rIte lagabhaga 700 vidyAthIo atyArasudhImAM AvI gayA che. A vidyAthIomAM paNa have pAchA na pharavAvALAnI saMkhyA vadhatI jAya che. amerikA jatA vidyAthIomAM eka havA pedA thaI che ke bhArata pAchI javAmAM kaMI lAbha ke sAra nathI, moMghavArI bahu che, pagAra ghaNo ocho che, nekarI maLatI nathI, yunivarsiTI, sarakAra athavA udyogapationuM valaNa bhaNelAMo pratye sahAnubhUtibhayu nathI, lAgavagazAhI bahu che vagere. eka vidyArthIne mArA upara paDyuM hatuM ke AvuM badhuM teNe sAMbhaLyuM che ane sAcI hakIkata zI che, ane teNe bhArata pAchA AvavuM ke nahi te vize mArI salAha mAgI hatI. ' e kAraNomAM vajUda nathI ema to na ja kahevAya. meTo kharca karI, mahenata karI, sAruM jJAna ane anubhava meLavI vidyArthI pAchA Ave ane be, traNa ke tethI paNa vizeSa varSo sudhI tene yogya nokarI na maLe, ThIka rIte rahI zake evo pagAra na maLe, tenA pratye bIjAMone Adara ke sahAnubhUti na hoya to te nirAza thAya temAM Azcarya nathI. lAgavagazAhIne kAraNe tenA karatAM ochI lAyakAtavALA moTA pagAra meLavatA hoya athavA tenA uparI adhikArI hoya tyAre tene svamAnane AghAta lAge te svAbhAvika che. zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe kahyuM, ke dezabhaktithI kheMcAI pAchA Ave tyAre paNa chevaTe rakhaDIne pAchA jAya che. eza-ArAmanI apekSA na rAkhavI e kharuM chatAM dezabhakto ane netAo paNa ezaArAma bhogavatA hoya te A upadezanI bahu asara na thAya. have vaLI ema thayuM che, ke keTalAka tyAM ja lagna karI nAkhe che athavA bhArata pAchA AvI mahinA-be mahinAmAM lagna karI patnIne laIne amerikA

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24 tatvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA jAya eTale pAchA AvavAnuM AkarSaNa ochuM thAya temAM paNa pati-patnI baMne kamatAM thAya-ane tyAM te saraLa che-to tyAM rahI javAnI lAlaca vadhAre thAya. mane eka bIjo paNa anubhava che. vidyAthI je deza jAya tenA pratye tanuM AkarSaNa thAya che. amerikA, briTana, jarmanI ke raziyA gayela vidyArthIo te. te dezanA prazaMsaka thAya che, ane bhArata sAthe sarakhAve tyAre bhArata pratye AkarSaNa rahetuM nathI. mane keTalIka vakhata Azcarya thatuM ke videzI sarakAre, saMsthAo, phAunDezansa vagere ApaNA dezanA vidyArthIone potAnA dezamAM abhyAsa athe sArA pramANamAM sahAya kema kare che ? zuM A mAtra paramArthavRtti ja che? anubhave meM joyuM ke A eka sAruM mUDIrokANa che. This is a very good investment. amerikAthI abhyAsa karIne Avela vivAthI te dezane pakSapAtI thAya che. ApaNA dezamAM amerikAnI kAMI TIkA thAya to te tenAthI sahana nathI thatI. amerikana jIvanapaddhati, Arthika vyavasthA, rAjakAraNI valaNa, badhAne e pakSapAtI bane che. A dezamAM eka vargazikSita -AvI rIte amerikAne TekedAra Ubho thAya che. keTaleka darajaje bIjI deze vize paNa AvuM bane che. paNa atyAre moTA bhAge amerikA mATe A hakIkata che. evI ja rIte sAMskRtika pratinidhimaMDaLanI Ava-ja, Friendship Societies, Indo-British, Indo-Arab, Indo-Israel, Indo-German, Indo-Soviet --- 241 24 Ef 22412 24141 42di mAdhyama che. AvI saMsthAo mAraphate je bhAratavAsIone lAbha thAya che teo te te dezanA prazaMsaka bane che. paNa A viyAntara thayuM. Ane upAya che ? keTalAka evA matanA che ke vidyArthIone videza mokalavA ja nahi. te bhAratIya maTI jAya che, tenA saMskAra palaTAI jAya che, te bhAratane TIkAkAra athavA vagevanAra bane che ane temAM aMta bhAratane lAbha karatAM hAni vadhAre che. huM hajI A matane nathI. eka te ApaNe badhAne jatA aTakAvI zakIzuM nahiM. tema karavuM yogya paNa nathI. bhAratamAM atyAre zikSaNanuM je dhAraNu che ane sAdhane che te - khAsa karIne vijJAna ane TekanolojI kSetre - ghaNAM aparyApta che ane dezanA yuvakane evA jJAnathI vaMcita rAkhIe temAM lAbha karatAM hAni vadhAre che. bhAratIya saMskAra videza jaIne ja gumAvIe chIe tema nathI. dezamAM paNa zuM cAlI rahyuM che ? duniyAbharamAM je pavana vAya che tenAthI bacavA mATe, yuvakane videza na

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videzamAM sthira thatA bhAratIya vidyArthIo ane 25 mokalavA te upAya nathI, paNa sAcA saMskAra tenAmAM sIMcavA te sAco upAya che. ApaNuM dezamAM rahela yuvaka-yuvatIomAM paNa keTaluM badhuM parivartana thaI rahyuM che ! bhAratIya saMskAra ke saMskRti vADAbaMdhIthI nahi bace. ApaNuM jIvanamAM te UMDA UtaryA haze ane tenI samajaNa ane kiMmata haze te ja UgatI peDhImAM te Takaze. huM evI AzA rAkhuM ke ApaNe tyAM zikSaNanuM dhoraNa ane sAdhane eTalAM vikase ke vidyArthIone videza mokalavAnI jarUra na rahe. bIju, kharekhara lAyakAta na hoya evAone mokalavA nahi. ahIM je viSayonuM zikSaNa upalabdha na hoya tevA zikSaNa mATe ja mokalavA. bIjuM, je kAraNoe vidyArthIone videzI rokAI javAnuM mana thAya che te kAraNe dUra karavA prayatna karavAM. temane lAyaka nekarI maLe, yogya pagAra maLe, temane Adara thAya, temanuM svamAna sacavAya evI paristhiti - thavI joIe. yunivarsiTI, sarakAra, udyogapatio ane samAja -badhAMe AvuM vAtAvaraNa sarjavAmAM phALo ApavAnuM rahe che. ApaNe A bAbatamAM sajAga chIe paNa sakriya pagalAM levAyAM nathI. AvA zikSite mATe sarakAre pagAranuM laghutama raNa nakkI karavuM joIe, ane e pagAra tamane maLe tenI udyogane pharaja pADavI joIe. ziMkSitiAnuM zoSaNa - exploitation-thavuM na joIe. atyAre moTI kaMpanIomAM TocanA adhikArIone moTA - ghaNuM vadhAre paDatAM - pagAra maLe che, jyAre bIjA vargonA pagAranuM dheraNu ghaNuM nIcuM che. There is great disparity - ghaNI asamAnatA che, jene kAraNe bhAre asaMtoSa thAya che. jIvanadhoraNamAM paNa ghaNI asamAnatA che. paisAvALA thAya che te pUrA ezaArAmamAM rahe che, jyAre zikSitane rahevAlAyaka jagyA paNa nathI maLatI. netAoe A bAbatamAM sArAM udAharaNa pUrAM pADayAM nathI. A asamAnatAM jhaDapathI ghaTavI joIe. A badhuM kahyA pachI paNa e svIkAravuM rahyuM ke A paristhiti palaTAtAM samaya jaze. te damiyAna zuM ? mAro eka daDha mata che. kAMIka vadhAre paisA kamAvA athavA vadhAre sukha-sagavaDanAM sAdhane meLavavA mATe ja koI vyakti pitAnuM vatana, pitAne kuTuMbakabIle tyajI kAyama mATe paradezI thAya e kalpanA mane asahya che. paradeza rahI e tyAM paNa videzI ja rahevAne. sAta peDhI sudhI paNa tyAMnA samAjanuM aMga te nahi banI zake. peDhI-dara-peDhI videzamAM vasela hiMdIonA Aje je hAla che te temanA ane temanA kuTuMbanA

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taravavicAra ane abhivAdanA thavAnA. sukha meLavavA ja jo bhArata choDI videzamAM kAyamI vasavATa karatA heya, to sukhI nahi ja thavAnA ema huM mAnuM chuM. sukha kone kahevuM? huM mAnuM chuM ke bhAratamAM muzkelIo hoya, pUrAM sukha-sagavaDa na hoya, to paNa AvA vidyAthIe kAyama mATe pitAnuM vatana choDe temAM temanuM kalyANa nathI. jIvanadhoraNane bahu UMco khyAla kadAca choDavo paDe. sAdAI apanAvavI paDe. atyAranA vAtAvaraNamAM Ama karavuM saheluM nathI, paNa bIjo upAya nathI. thoDA samaya mATe, abhyAsa pUro karI, anubhava meLavavA athavA thoDI rakama ahIM AvatAM pahelAM bhegI karavA vidyAthI tyAM kAma kare temAM kAMI vAMdhe na hoya, paNa potAnA saMtAnane kAyama mATe gumAvavA kaI mA-bApa ke samAja irache nahi. tema thAya te AvuM zikSaNa nathI joItuM evI lAgaNI pedA thaze. mAre bIjo paNa anubhava che. AvA ghaNA vidyAthIo pAchAM AvyA che. temane zarUAtamAM muzkelIo paDI che, paNa aMte ThIka ThIka thALe paDyA che. keTalAka sAruM kamAyA che, sArA udyogo UbhA karI zakyA che ane aMte duHkhI nathI thayA. adhIrA thavAnI jarUra ja nathI. thoDe vakhata apamAnajanaka sthiti lAge, mUMjhavaNa thAya, bhIDathI rahevuM paDe, te paNa chevaTe pramANamAM asaMtoSakAraka nahi evuM sthAna maLI raheze. theDI hiMmata paNa joIze. moTAM zaheromAM ja rahevAnI lAlaca choDI, nAnA udyogamAM paDavuM paDaze. sarakAre paNa ghaNI yojanAo karI che. tenA amalamAM vilaMba thAya che.. lAgavaga che, amaladArazAhI che, badhuM kharuM, paNa eka prAmANika prayatna paNa che. videzamAM vasatA vidyArthIoe A badhuM jANavuM joIe, samajavuM joIe.. atyAre viparIta havA pedA thaI che, tene palaTAvavI joIe. je vidyArthIone videza mokalIe temane A badhuM samajaNapUrvaka kahevuM joIe. pachI keTalAka khoTA rUpiyA nIkaLe te temanuM nasIba! 7-1-69

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sarvadharmasamabhAva sarvadharmasamabhAva, bhAratIya vicAra praNAlInuM eka pradhAna lakSaNa che. A koI akasmAta nathI, paNa bhAratanA tattvaciMtako ane dhArmika puruSoe vicArapUrvaka apanAvelI jIvanadaSTi che. bhAratIya dazane - vedAMta, jaina ane bauddha-dareke svIkArela samayakArI daSTinuM A pariNAma che, tethI A udAra valaNa janasamAjamAM jIvanavyApI banyuM che. bhAratavarSa vividha dharmonuM prayogakSetra rahyuM che. hindu dharma eka mahAsAgara che, jemAM saMkhyAbaMdha matamatAntarone avakAza che. chatAM temAM eka prakAranI AMtarika ekatA ane pravAhitA rahI che. dharmanAM be svarUpa che. eka tAvika bhUmikA ane bIjI tenA vidhiniSedhe ane AcAra-praNAlikAo. dharmanuM sAcuM svarUpa tenI tAtvika bhUmikA che, paNa janasamAjamAM tenuM bAhya svarUpa vadhAre AkarSaka rahe che. bhAratavarSanA badhA dharmo mekSamAgI che. keTalIka pAyAnI mAnyatAo sarvasAmAnya che. AtmA che te nitya che, mokSa che ane mokSa e ja jIvananuM aMtima lakSya che ane jIvananI. sAdhanA A yeyanI prApti mATe ja che. A siddhAMta sarva bhAratIya darzanane svIkRta che. jIvanasAdhanAnA AcAradharmamAM paNa satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha e vedAMta, jaina ane bauddha darzanane sarvamAnya che. jIva, jagata ane IzvaranA svarUpa ane paraspara saMbaMdha vize matabheda rahyA che ane bhinna bhinna vicArasaraNIo aneka svarUpe vikasI che, paNa bauddhika tattvacarcAmAM pUrNa svataMtratA hovA chatAM pAyAnI mAnyatAo ane AcAradharmanI ektA akhaMDa rahI che. sarvadharma samabhAvanuM A mukhya kAraNa che. jabaradastIthI dharmAntara karAvavAnI koI jarUriyAta athavA pralobhana AvI bhUmikAne kAraNe rahyA nathI. " mAro dharma ja sAce che ane te ja mAge utkarSa thAya ke mukti maLe e matAgraha ke durAgraha hoya tyAM ja dharma-asahiSNutA rahelI che. duniyAnA bIja mukhya dharmomAM khristI dharma ane islAmamAM A ta che ane tethI

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28 tattvavicAra ane abhiva`danA A baMne dharmAmAM dharmAntara karAvavAnI pravRtti meTA pAyA upara thaI rahI che, ane potAnA dharmapracAra mATe adhArmika sAdhanAnA upayoga thaI rahyo che. islAma ane khristI dharmAMnA bhAratamAM praveza thayA pachI te baMne dharmanA pracArakA sAthe bhAratane saMdha thayA che, ane A sa MdharSa ne pariNAme, moTA pramANamAM A dezamAM dharmAntara thayA hovA chatAM bhAratIya saMskRtinI samanvayakArI daSTi ane tene pariNAme sarvadharma samabhAvanuM valaNa bhArata gumAvyuM nathI, A - samAjane bAda karIe tA, bhAratavA kAI dharmI Akramaka rahyo nathI. baud dharma samasta eziyAmAM vyApyA, te kAI rAjasattA ke baLajabarInA pariNAme nahi, paNa temAM rahelI mAnavatA ane hRdayaspazI UMDI karuNAnA AdhAre. anya dharmAMtA anuyAyIee dha'nA nAme akathya atyAcAra karyA che ane temanA dharmaguruoe tene pretsahana ApyuM che. bhAratavarSamAM dhArmika sahiSNutA ane paraspara Adara rahyAM che, tenu eka kAraNa e paNa che ke bhAratanA dareka darzanane e pAyA che ke Avata sarvabhUteSu, ca: pati sa pati |~sava jIva pratye Adara,samAnabhAva ane karuNA. te mAtra mAnava-mAnava vaccenA saMbaMdha pUratuM ja nahi, paNa samasta jIvasRSTi, kIDI ane kITakathI mAMDIne manuSya sudhI -- AvI daSTi hoya tyAM asahiSNutA ane matAgrahane bahu avakAza rahetA nathI. A daSTinuM eka javalaMta udAharaNa jaina dharmanI syAdvAdaSTi che, syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAdanA pAyA e che ke saMpUrNa satya koIne lAdhyu nathI, ane dareka kathanamAM satyane aza rahyo che. A satyane aMza samajavA prayatna karavA ane grahaNa karavA e AdhyAtmikatAnuM mukhya lakSaNa che. tenu dRSTAMta ApavAmAM Ave che ke sAta adha puruSo hAthInA sparza kare ane vaNu ta kare, tA jeNe sUMDha pakaDI hoya te ema ja mAne che ke sUMDha e ja hAthI che, tevI ja rIte tenAM kAna, puccha, zarIranA khIjA avayavAnuM. paNa dekhatA mANasa pUrNa hAthIne jue ane A dareka tenuM aMga mAtra che. tema samaje. tevI ja rIte ajJAnI mANasa potAnA apUrNa jJAnane pUrNa samajI, te ja satya che evA durAgraha seve tyAM asahiSNutA ane jhanUna Ave. dharmIjhanUna AvA ajJAnanuM pariNAma che ema ApaNe mAnatA AvyA chIe ane ApaNA jIvanavyavahAranuM e sadbhakSaNa rahyuM che.

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sarvadharma samabhAva ema nathI ke sAMpradAyika saMdharSo ApaNAmAM nathI thayA. hinduomAM zaiva ane vaiSNava, jemAM digambara ane tAmbara, bauddhamAM hInayAna ane mahAyAna-AvA tIvra matabhedo aneka saMpradAyamAM rahyA che ane saMgharSo thayA che. paNa A badhA pramANamAM maryAdita ane alpa samayanA rahyA che ane tyAM paNa pAyAnI ekatA jokhamAI nathI. - bhArata upara anya dharmo-islAma ane khristI dharma-nuM AkramaNa thayuM tyAre paNa prati-AkramaNane badale bhArate svarakSaNane bhAga lIdho. madhyakAlIna yugamAM IslAma ane khristI dharmonA AkramaNa sAme hindu dharme pitAnAM dvAre baMdha karI rakSaNa karyuM. e samayamAM paNa akabara jevA udAra rAjavI hatA, jeNe vizvadharmadIne IlAhI-ne vicAra karyo. bhAratIya saMskRti koI evuM rasAyaNa che je videzI tatvone gALI nAkhI potAnAmAM samAvI ekarasa kare che. madhya yugamAM paNa guru nAnaka ane kabIra jevA saMtoe sarvadharmasamabhAva upade ane rAma kahe, rahemAna kaho, enA bheda nathI ema kahyuM. madhya yuganA aMdhakAramAMthI bahAra nIkaLI vartamAna bhAratane udaya thaye che tyAre je mahApuruSoe te upakALanI AgevAnI lIdhI temanAmAM paNa A udAra dharmavRtti pramukha hatI. rAjA rAmamohana rAya A udayakALanA praNetA lekhAya. vedAMta, IslAma ane khristI dharma, traNenI temanA upara UMDI asara hatI. saMskRta, arebika, phArasInA teo abhyAsI hatA. anya dharmone abhyAsa karyo chatAM svadharma rithara rahyA ane brahmosamAjanI sthApanA karI. eka rIte bhAratanI UgatI peDhI ane te vakhatanA zikSita vargane hindu dharma pratye vizvAsa jAgrata rAkhI, anya dharmonI asaramAMthI bacAvyA. pazcima hindaDyAM prArthanAsamAje te kAma karyuM. rAmakRSNa paramahaMse bIjI rIte, svAnubhava ane pitAnI jIvanasAdhanAthI, bhAratIya saMskRtine prabhAva batAvyuM. temaNe pote IslAma tathA khristI dharmane aMgata anubhava karI bhAratIya jIvanasAdhanAnI zreSThatA batAvI ane sarvadharmasamabhAva keLavyA. temaNe kahyuM che ke maMdiramAM pravezavAnA aneka mArgo hoya che. koI vyadvArathI Ave, koI bArI vATe Ave, te kaI pAchaLathI Ave. chevaTe Izvara samIpe UbhA rahI prArthanA kare. Izvara pAse pahoMcavAnA aneka mArgo heya. mAre je mAga zreSTha che ane te eka ja bhAga che tevuM abhimAna, ajJAna ane durAgraha sevavAM e dharmanuM lakSaNa nathI. svAmI vivekAnaMde A upadezane bhAratabharamAM ane duniyAmAM phelAvyo.

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tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA - bhAratIya saMskRtinI sarvadharmasamabhAvanI A lAkSaNiktA kAyama rahI che. gAMdhIjIe tene judI rIte jIvI batAvI. AphrikAmAM khristI mizanarIonuM jIvana joIne emane eka samaye ema thayuM ke sAce dharma A ja che. ane khristI mizanarIo temanA AtmAnI ciMtA karavA lAgyA tyAre pitAne dharma-hindu dharma samajavA temaNe prayatna karyo. temAM pariNAme temaNe joyuM ke hindu dharmamAM aneka aniSTo che; aspRzyatA jevuM kalaMke che; chatAM temane A mAne saMtoSa thAya evAM paNa badhAM to hindu dharmamAM che ane AdhyAtmika unnati mATe dharmAntaranI kaI jarUra nathI. hindu dharmamAM vItAne koga che, bhAgavatane bhaktiyoga che, upaniSadone jJAnayoga che. temane sarva dharmo pratye UMDe samabhAva hatA. temanA AzramajIvana daramyAna sarvadharma samabhAvane eka vrata tarIke temaNe svIkAryuM hatuM. sarva dharmonI prArthanA thAya chatAM pita sanAtanI hindu che ema ja kahetA. sarvadharma samabhAva keLavavA svadharma choDavAnI jarUra nathI, paNa matAgraha choDavAnI. khAsa cIja che. gAMdhIjIne koIe pUchayuM hatuM ke, hindu dharmamAM evI kaI khAsa cIja che, suMdaratA che ke je kAraNe hiMdu e dharmane ja vaLagI rahe ? tenA javAbamAM gAMdhIjIe kahyuM che, ke dharmane saMbaMdha pati-patnInA saMbaMdha jevo che. ekabIjAnI UNapa nathI jANatAM ema nahi, paNa parasparanI vaphAdArInA mULamAM koI akaLa ane atUTa AMtarika AkarSaNa che-pitAnA dharmamAM rahelI ebo pratye AMdhaLI thavAnI jarUra nathI. paNa pitAnA dharmamAM ja je suMdaratA che te mArA ja dharmamAM che ane bIjA dharmamAM nathI ema mAnavuM na joIe. bIjA dharmonuM avalokana karIe tyAre, doSa zodhanAra TIkAkAra tarIke nahi paNa bhaktanI daSTithI, bIjA dharmomAM paNa mArA dharma jevI ja suMdaratA jovAnI AzAe ane mArA dharmamAM nathI evI keI suMdaratAo bIjAnA dharmamAM jaDI Ave to te mArA dharmamAM dAkhala karavAnA hetue ja. hiMdu-muslima-ekatA mATe emaNe prANa Aye. A yuganA eka bIjA adhyAtmayogI rAjacaMde A ja hakIkata A pramANe kahI cheH eka hoya traNa kALamAM, paramArane paMtha prere te paramArthane ne vyavahAra samaMtaH jAtiveSane bheda nahi, rahyo mAga jo hevA sAdhe te mukti lahe, emAM bheda na koya." .

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sarvadharma samabhAva 31 sarvadharmasamabhAvanA A siddhAMtane ApaNe baMdhAraNamAM paNa agrasthAna ApyuM che. A rAjya binasAMpradAyika-sekayulara' che tene artha ema nathI, ke adhArmika che, paNa sarva dharma pratye samabhAva rAkhe che, koI dharma rAjyadharma nathI, dharma ke jAtine kAraNe koI nAgarika pratye bhedabhAvabharyuM vartana rAkhavAmAM nahi Ave ane sarva dharmanA anuyAyIone rAjyamAM samAna haka tathA taka che. - savadharmasamabhAva jevA mahAna siddhAMtane sthAne durbhAgya vartamAnakALe ApaNuM jIvanamAM sarvadharma-abhAva jevI sthiti pravarte che. jIvananAM naitika ane Adhyamika mUlyo pratye azraddhA che ane jIvananaukA sukAnarahita athaDAya che. sarva dharma pratye zraddhA na hoya tene sarvadharmasamabhAva paNa na hoya. sAcA dharmane pichANe te ja sarvadharmane jIvanamAM utArI zake ane anya dharmo pratye Adara keLavI zake. * 1-1-98

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(9 vidhAyaka ahiMsA ahiMsAne be vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya ? eka che vidhAyaka ahiMsA arthAta positive ahiMsA, ane bIjI che niSedhAtmaka arthAta. negative ahiMsA. A paikI vidhAyaka ahiMsAnuM mahatva vizeSa che. ahiMsAnI vAta Ave che tyAM jene potAne ahiMsAnA IjAradAra tarIke mAne che. e kharuM che ke anya dharmanI apekSAe jaina dharmamAM ahiMsA aMge vadhu chaNAvaTa che, ane nAnAmAM nAnI sUkSama ahiMsA prati jaina dharmamAM kALajI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. chatAM e kabUlavuM joIze ke jene jeTalA pramANamAM jaina dharmanI ahiMsA mATe garva anubhave che teTalA pramANamAM AcaraNa karatA nathI. jenee nakArAtmaka ahiMsA jeTalA pramANamAM apanAvI che teTalA pracANamAM vidhAyaka ahiMsA pratye lakSa Apela nathI, ema kahIe te khoTuM nathI. ahiMsA aMge nirUpaNa karavA karatAM tenI prastAvanA karavI e vadhu yogya thaze, tethI ahiMsAnA viSayamAM kaI kaI gUMcavaNa che, kayA kayA koyaDAo uddabhave che te joIe. AjanA yugamAM ahiMsAne samajavAne temaja AcaravAne koIe vadhumAM vadhu prayatna karyo hoya to te pU. gAMdhIjIe. temaNe A yugamAM ahiMsA aMge vyApaka daSTie vicAra karela che. jema jema mANasa ahiMsA aMge vadhu vicAra thAya che ane tenuM sUkamapaNe pAlana karavA prayatnazIla bane che tema tema tenI pAse aneka gUMcavaNa UbhI thAya che. mahAtmAjIne paNa tema ja thayuM. 1943mAM annasaMkaTa samaye temaNe mAMsAhArIene vadhu mAchalIo khAvAnuM ane anyane ocho upayoga karavAnuM sUcana karyuM tyAre jemAM khaLabhaLATa thayo hato. temaNe kUtarAne ane vAcharaDAne mAravAnuM kahyuM temaja khetInA pAkane bagADatA vAMdarAone mAravAnuM kahyuM tyAre paNa jene mUMjhavaNamAM paDI gayA hatA, ke A gAMdhIjInI ahiMsA kevA prakAranI che ? temanuM A sUcana vAjabI hatuM ke geravAjabI hatuM te aMge aneka gUMca UbhI thatI jAya che ane tene ukela te te potAnA jJAna ane

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vidhAyaka ahiMsA anubhavane AdhAre karatA jAya che. te ukela anyane yogya lAge agara na paNa lAge. tethI ja gAMdhIjIe kahyuM ke "my non-violence is my own." (mArI ahiMsA e mArI ja che). te samaye meM ahiMsA aMge ThIka ThIka vicAra karelo ane "prabuddha jaina" mAM paNa A prazna aMge be-cAra lekha lakhelA. hakIkata e che ke ahiMsAnA prazno ukela vAdavivAdathI AvI zake nahi. tarkathI te ukelI zakAya nahi, tene ukela anubhavathI ja AvI zake. ekalI takazaktino upayoga karavAmAM to koI koI prasaMge evI ahiMsA anarthakArI nIvaDe che, tethI ja ahiMsAnI vicAraNAmAM vivekane agatyanuM sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM che. eka bAju hiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa pravarte che. Survival of the fittest jevA siddhAntone pracAra thaI rahela che. nIvo nIvasya nIvanam jevA siddhAnta pracalita che. AvA hiMsAmaya jagatamAM jemaNe ahiMsAnI zodha karI che temane koTi vaMdana ghaTe che. Dagale ne pagale hiMsA rahI che. bolavuM, cAlavuM vagere jIvananI dareka kriyAmAM hiMsA samAyelI che. Ama chatAM hiMsA e dharma nathI, dhama te ahiMsAmaya jIvanamAM ja rahe che, tethI ja ahiMsAne parama dhama kahela che. * - dareka mANasane sukha joIe che; duHkha keIne pasaMda nathI; mATe ApaNe sukha joItuM hoya to ApaNe bIjAne duHkha ApavuM joIe nahi. A thayo ahiMsAne mULa pAyo. paraMtu prazna e thAya che ke sukha kone kahevuM ? duHkha kene mAnavuM che dareka mAnavI ema kahe che ke huM IrAdApUrvaka koIne duHkhI karatI nathI. chatAM Aje vyApaka rIte ApaNe ghaNane duHkhI karI rahyAM hoIe chIe. AnuM kAraNa e che ke sukha ane duHkhanI darekanI vyAkhyA judI judI heya chekharuM sukha te tene kahevAya je kadI duHkhamAM pariName nahi, athavA jenuM pariNAma duHkhamaya na hoya. kharuM sukha to haMmezAM sukha ja rahe che. keTaluMka sukha evuM che ke pahelAM sukha lAge che, paraMtu pariNAma duHkhamaya Ave che. bhoga bhogavavA pahelAM te sArA lAge paraMtu tenuM pariNAma rogamAM Ave che. tethI ja kahyuM che ke "bhoge roga bhayaM." Ane kharuM sukha kahevAya nahi. parigraha. Ama to sAro lAge che, paraMtu te aMte pitAne mATe ane bIjAne mATe du:khamaya nIvaDe che, eTale parigrahamAM paNa kharuM sukha nathI. kharuM sukha te " ta. a. 3

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34 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA tane ja kahI zakAya ke je kadI potAne mATe athavA pArakAMte mATe duHkhamAM parime nahi. AvuM sukha maLe tevI pravRtti dareke karavI joIe. A aMge eka bIjI bAbata paNa vicAravAnI rahe che. jIvana e hiM'sAthI bhareluM che. hiMsA tA hAlatAMcAlatAM karavI ja paDe che, tA pachI ahi MsAtratadhArI jIvI kevI rIte zake ? A eka prazna che. A praznanA ukela e che ke ochAmAM ochI hiMsA vaDe jIvavuM te ja uttama jIvana che.ativAya - inevitable hiMsA - jenA vinA cAle nahi teTalI ja hiMsA ane ta paNa vivekapUrvaka karavI joie. A praznamAM paNa jema jema UMDA UtaratAM jaIzuM tema tema gUMcavaNa tA UbhI thavAnI ja, paraMtu tenA ukela dareke potAnI zakti ane anubhava mujakha karavAnA rahe che. anivAya hiMsA kAne kahevI ? - e prazna ahiM saka mAnavI pAse khaDA thavAne! ja. gAMdhIjIe kUtarAne mArI nAkhavAnI salAha ApI hatI, tyAre paNa te kahetA hatA ke ahiMsAnI diSTa najara samakSa rAkhIne ja meM A salAha ApI che. kUtarAne mArI nAkhavAnuM huM kahuM chuM te tenA hitamAM ja che. dhRtarA ribAIne mare tenA karatAM teno aMta Ave te vadhAre sAruM che. tanA pratyenA dveSathI nAha, paNa premathI huM salAha ApuM chuM. A pramANe gAMdhIjIe pAtAnA sUcanane ahiMsAnI dRSTie vAjabI TharAvavA prayatna kareleA. khIjI bAju vAMdarAone mArI nAkhavAnI salAha vAMdarAonA hitamAM naheAtI, te salAha tA khetIne khacAvavA mATe hatI. temAM svArtha bhAvanA hatI. tA pachI te sUcataMne ahiMsaka kahI zakAya ju kema ? A badhI gUMco che, ane tene ukela tarkathI lAvI zakAya nahi. anubhava ane vivekathI ja tene ukela AvI zake. dareka vyaktie peAtAne mATe nakkI karavAnu` che ke potAnuM sthAna joIne, anivArya hiMsA pAta te gaNaze. mANasa potAnI jAtane chetaravAmAM jeTalA pAvaradhA che teTalA pAvaradhA bIjA kazAmAM nahi hoya, Ama chatAM dareka mANasa jo potAnA aMtarAtmAnA avAjane sAMbhaLe tA te potAnI jAtane chetaratAM aTake. mAnavI bhaNela hoya ke abhaNu, darekane aMtarAtmA kahe che ke A karavuM hitakara che ane A karavuM hitakara nathI. mAnavInI dareka pravRtti vakhate atarAtmAnA avAja pAkAra kare che, paraMtu jyAre svArthInuM prAbalya vadhe che tyAre mAnavI pAtAnI jAtane chetarIne paNa kahe che ke A sajogAmAM mAre Ama karyA vagara chUTako nathI. mArI jagyAe bIjo hAta tA te paNa Ama ja karata. A saMjoge!mAM khIjo kAI rastA nathI. A rIte mAnavI peAtAnI jAtane vAjabI TharAvavA mathe che.

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vidhAyaka ahiMsA 35 pitAnI jItane chetaravAnI kaLA mAnavIe ghaNI vikasAvela che, ane te ja kAraNe badhI gUMco uddabhavI che. A bAbatamAM vadhu vicAra karIe. ahiMsAnuM svarUpa upara kahyuM tema pitAne duHkha na thavuM joIe temaja potAnA vartanathI bIjAne duHkha thavuM na joIe te che. A praznamAM jarA vadhu UMDA UtarIe. huM IlaeNnDamAM rahetA heuM. mArI pAse 5,000 pAunDa hoya. te huM barmAnI eka khANanA zeromAM rokuM. huM mArI jAtane manAvuM ke A rIte vyAja meLavavuM e ahiMsaka che, kema ke mAre kaI AraMbhasamAraMbha temAM karavAno nathI. beThAM beThAM 6 TakA vyAja meLavavAmAM zo vAMdho ? svArthanI daSTie huM mArI jAtane A rIte manAvuM, paraMtu huM je UMDe UtaruM te mArI samakSa aneka gUMco uddabhavavAnI. te khANamAM majUronI zI sthiti thAya che ? mane je vyAja maLe che te kevI rIte maLe che ? majare, pAsethI keTaluM kAma levAmAM Ave che ? temanI sthiti kevI kaphoDI thAya che? tamanA lehIne A pase nathI ne ? e vyAja ApavAmAM lAkha mANasone pitAnuM zarIra nicovavuM paDe che tene khyAla kadI Ave che ? A badhI ahiMsAnI gUMco che ane jeo sAcI rIte ahiMsA pALavA mAgatA heye temaNe vivekapUrvaka A badhI bAbatomAM UMDA UtaravuM joIe ane te gUMce ukelavA prayatna karavo joIe. * ahiMsAne je mULabhUta pAyo che te aMge vAta karI. have bIjI bAbata vicArIe. A jagatamAM satya che ane asatya paNa che. verajhera che ane prema paNa che. hiMsA che ane ahiMsA che. mANasamAM be jAtanA guNa che. A saMsAra A be jAtanI viSamatAthI cAle che. A jagata dvothI bhareluM che, chatAM jagata TakeluM che. satya para, nAha ke asatya para satya jevI vastu A duniyAmAM na hoya te kSaNa paNa jagata TakI zake nahi. mAnavamAM ekalAM hiMsA, krodha, vera-jhera bharelAM hoya ane dayA, anukaMpA, prema, ahiMsA na hoya te ghaDIbhara paNa jagata TakI zake nahi. eTale duniyAne je TakAvavI hoya to je dharma che tenuM jeTalA pramANamAM AcaraNa thAya teTalA pramANamAM ja duniyA pragati sAdhI zake. jyAre bodabAkI, guNAkAra karavAno vakhata Ave tyAre dareke vicAravuM ghaTe ke meM jagatamAM ahiMsA-satya vadhAryo che ke ghaTADyAM che? meM mArA jIvanathI ahiMsAmAM vadhAre karela che ke verajheramAM vadhAro karela che ? kharA jIvananuM A ja mApa che, A ja pArAzIzI che. che.

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tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA TUMkamAM ahiMsA aMge meM be vAta karI. eka te dareka vyaktine sukha joIe chIe, duHkha joItuM nathI, mATe zAzvata sukha maLe ane tethI bIjAne duHkha na Upaje tevuM vartana kare. bIjuM, jagata satya ane ahiMsA para nirbhara che, asatya ke hiMsA para nahi. A benI pratIti thAya te ahiMsAmaya jIvana gaNAya ane jIvana saphaLa thayuM gaNAya. eka vakhata evI mAnyatA hatI ke ahiMsA yuddhakSetre na cAle; rAjanItimAM te kAma na Ave; vyavahAramAM tenuM pAlana karavA jaIe te bhUkhe maravAne vakhata Ave, dharma te upAzraya, derAsara ke dharmasthAnakamAM ja AcaravAnI vastu che. sAmAnyapaNe A mAnyatA hatI. paraMtu pUjya mahAtmAjIe rAjakAraNamAM ahiMsAne saphaLa prayoga karIne batAvI ApyuM ke jIvananI darekedareka pravRttimAM ahiMsAmaya AcaraNane sthAna che. pU. gAMdhIjIe bIjI vastu paNa ApaNI samakSa potAnA AcaraNathI rajU karI che, te che ahiMsAnuM vidhAyaka svarUpa. ApaNe bahu bahu to niSedhAtmaka ahiMsAmAM AgaLa vadhyA hatA. paraMtu vidhAyaka ahiMsA prati upekSA sevI hatI. gAMdhIjIe vidhAyaka ahiMsAne prayoga dareka kSetre karI batAvyo. AkhalImAM thayelA hatyAkAMDanI vacce teo ekalA jaIne vasyA, suharAvaradIe polIsarakSaNa ApavA mAMDayuM tenI paNa temaNe nA pADI, pitAnA aMgata kAryakarone paNa sAthe na rAkhyA ane komI dveSanI AgamAM ekalA rahyA. e banAva ahiMsAnA prayoganI utkaTatA tathA saphaLatAnuM anupama daSTAMta che. ne AkhalImAM temaNe ANela hRdayapalaTa vidhAyaka ahiMsAnuM sAkAra svarUpa che. hiMdanA bhAgalA thayA ane 50 lAkha zIkhe dilhImAM ekaThA thayA. badhA kemI haiSanI AgathI saLagI UThayA hatA, te samaye gAMdhIjIe cAra mahinA dilhImAM rahIne je kArya karela te batAve che ke ahiMsaka vyakti dveSane premamAM palaTAvI zake chedezanA agnine premanA pANI vaDe bujhAvI zake che. gAMdhIjI vaiSNavakuLamAM janmyA hatA e kharuM, paraMtu vAstavika rIte temaNe jaina siddhAntane ja pracAra karela che. jo teo janma jaina hota te temanA para Aropa Avata ke tame jaina dharmane ja pracAra karI rahyA che ! gAMdhIjInI ahiMsA keTalI sUkSma hatI tene eka dAkhalo zrI mahAdevabhAIe dhapothImAM lakhyuM che. AgAkhAna mahelamAM mahAtmA mATe lIMbune rasa nAkhela garama pANI ughADuM paDayuM hatuM. temaNe turata ja te para jhINuM kapaDuM DhAMkyuM, jIva na haNAya te mATe. A rIte gAMdhIjInI dareka pravRttimAM ahiMsAnuM pAlana najare paDe che.

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vidhAyaka ahiMsA 37 ahiMsAnuM pAlana sAcI rIte thAya te vyakti keTalA pramANamAM AgaLa vadhe che tene eka bIjo dAkhalo ApuMH zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kAlIpUjaka ane mAMsAhArI hatA. chevaTa temanI ahiMsA eTale sudhI vikasI ke phUla teDatAM paNa temanA hRdayane vIjaLInA AMcakA jevo AMcako lAgatA hatA. - ahIM eka vastune ullekha karavo jarUrI che. jeo bIjAne ahiMsAne upadeza Ape che temaNe ziSyanI lAyakAta joIne upadeza Apavo joIe. lAyakAta vinA sUkramamAM sUkSma ahiMsAnI vAta kadAca anarthakArI nIvaDe. ziSyanI lAyakAta pArakhavAnI je gurumAM zakti na hoya te guru thavAne lAyaka na kahevAya. - eka sAsue mahArAja pAse bAdhA lIdhI ke mAre koInI suvAvaDa na karavI. potAnA dIkarAnI vahune suvAvaDa AvI, tyAre kahe ke meM te suvAvaDa karavAnI bAdhA lIdhI che ! dIkarAne paraNAva ane suvAvaDa karavAnI bAdhA levI e keTaluM badhuM parasparavirodhI che! eka vakhata keTalAka reMTiyo kAMtavAnI bAdhA levA lAgyA hatA. e kAraNe ke tethI vAukAyanA jIva haNAya che. te pachI lUgaDAM paheravAnI bAdhA zA mATe na levI? AmAM pUratI samajaNano abhAva che. AvA prasaMge bAdhA ApanAra ane bAdhA lenAre viveka jALavavo jarUrI ' che. tethI ja ahiMsAmAM vivekane mukhya sthAna ApavAmAM Avela che. - ahiMsA eTale koInI hiMsA na karavI. A che ahiMsAnuM niSedhAtmaka svarUpa. koI jIvane bacAvo e che ahiMsAnuM vidhAyaka svarUpa. paraMtu ApaNuM amuka vargamAM evI mAnyatA pravarte che ke koI jIvane mAravo nahIM temAM ahiMsA che, paraMtu koI jIvane bacAva temAM ahiMsA nathI. koI jIva pANIthI TaLavaLa hoya ane tame tene pANI Apa, koI jIva bhUkhe marate hoya ane tame tene anna Ape, to temAM ahiMsA nathI. tame pANI ApyuM te pANImAM asaMkhya jIvo hatA. te jIvo haNAyA, eTale temAM dayA nathI. A kaI jAtanI mAnyatA che te samajavAnI mArI tAkAta nathI ! AnA samarthanamAM eka daSTAMta ApavAmAM Ave che. eka zeThane cha dIkarA hatA. Iye dIkarAne phAMsInI sajA rAjAe pharamAvI. te samaye zeTha bahAragAma hatA. temaNe AvIne rAjAne apIla karI ke mArA cha dIkarAne phAMsInI sajA Apazo te. huM nivaza jaIza. rAjAe kahyuM ke tame kaho to ekane phAMsI ApavAmAM

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA nahi Ave. zeTha vicAramAM paDyA ke mAre kone bacAvavo? tene mana che dIkarA sarakhA hatA. cha dIkarA eTale chakAyanA jIvo. A chakAyanA jIvomAMthI kone bacAvavA ane kone maravA devA ? A che tarkazaktinI dalIla. viveka vinAnI tarkazakti keTale khoTe bhAge laI jAya che tenuM A daSTAMta che. A tarkazakti AthI paNa AgaLa vadhe che. dareka jIva pote potAnI AvaradA pramANe jIve che, ane AvaradA pUrI thAya tyAre mare che. AmAM koNa kone bacAve? koI koIne bacAvI zake te vAta ja khoTI che. A pramANe A tarkazakti mAnavIne UMdhe raste dorI jAya che, paraMtu ApaNe vadhu UMDA UtarIzuM te A vicArasaraNImAM bhUla kyAM che te mAlUma paDI Avaze, je dareka vyakti A pramANe vicAre ane pANIthI TaLavaLatI vyaktine pANI na Ape, bhUkhe maratI vyaktine anna na Ape, to pachI ApaNA hRdayamAM je anukaMpAnuM, dayAnuM jharaNuM vahe che te sukAI jaze, tenuM zuM ? dayA, anukaMpA, prema-e ahiMsAne sAkAra svarUpa che. e jharaNAne sukAvI denAre upadeza ahiMsAne nAza karavA samAna che. A tarkazakti AthI paNa AgaLa vadhelI che. te kahe che ke A to badhAM sAMsArika kAmo che. temAM Atmadharma nathI. Atmadharma ane sAMsArika dharma judA judA che. AnuM samarthana karatAM teo kahe che, ke tame bhAgamaya jIvana jIvI rahyA che ane tethI tame icchA che ke bIjAM paNa tevuM jIvana jIve. temAM tamArA svArtha che. dAkhalA tarIke, eka garIba bAIne prasUtinI pIDA che. gAmamAM suvAvaDanuM sAdhana nathI. tame sAdhanasaMpanna che, tethI tame TekasI laI AvyA ane najIkanA zaheramAM tame tene hospiTalamAM laI gayA. te bAIne sukharUpa prasUti thaI. kahe che ke A bAI prati tame anukaMpA batAvI temAM dharma nathI, te te sAMsArika kArya che. A dalIlanA javAbamAM tame je ema kahe ke "temAM mAre kaMI svArtha na hatA. te bAI mArI sagI nathI. meM te mAtra anukaMpAthI ja karela che.' te te dalIlo tamane javAba ApavAmAM Avaze, ke te bAI sAthe tamane pUrvabhavamAM saMbaMdha haze ane tethI tamane te bAI mATe kaMIka karavAnI lAgaNI thaI AvI. kadAcita pUrvabhavanA saMbaMdhane kAraNe Ama na banyuM hoya te tamane A bAI prati rAga jamyo ane tethI tame te kArya karyuM, paraMtu temAM Atmadharma nathI, ema kaheze.

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vidhAyaka ahiMsA 39 A rIte A varga Atmadharma ane sAMsArika dharmane sarvathA judA pADe che. A rIte vargIkaraNa karIne, teo kahe che ke saMsAramAM rahIne tame dhama karI zake nahi, eTale kAM te saMsAramAM rahe agara te tyAgI bane ! paraMtu vAstavika rIte joIe te A mAnyatA barAbara nathI. pU. mahAtmAjIe paNa batAvI ApyuM che ke saMsAra judo ane dharma judo e mAnyatA barAbara nathI. saMsAramAM rahIne dharmamaya jIvana jIvI zakAya che, ane jIvavuM joIe. mAnavI himAlayanI guphAmAM jaIne bese, paraMtu je tenuM mana caMcaLa haze te te saMsAramAM bhamyA karaze ane je mAnavIne potAnA mana para kAbU haze to saMsAramAM rahIne paNa te nileSapaNe rahI zakaze. saMsAra mANasanI kasoTInI bhUmikA che. ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa havAmAM nathI thatuM. jIvanamAM pratikSaNa tene anubhava thAya che, ane thavo joIe. ahiMsaka jIvanane vikAsa AvA anubhavathI ja thAya. saMsArano tyAga karavo ane sarvathA tyAgamaya jIvana jIvavuM e badhAM mATe zakya nathI, ane adhikAra na hoya tyAM A prakAranI vAta karanAra pitAnI pharaja cUke che. emAM ekAntadaSTi che, jyAre jaina dharma anekAntavAdamAM mAne che. eka vyakti pitA, bhAI, putra vagere aneka saMbaMdha dharAvatA hoya che. te vyakti badhAnI sAthe eka rIte varte te anartha thAya. jevo saMbaMdha te rIta teNe vartavuM joIe. A che anekAntadaSTi. tevI ja rIte upara mujaba ekAnta upadeza Apavo tamAM jaina daSTi nathI. jaina daSTi te anekAntavAdanI daSTie upadeza AMpavAnuM sUcave che. vyavahAranaya ane nizcayana mUkavAmAM anekAnaMdaSTi bAjue mUkavAmAM ane ekAntadaSTine apanAvavAmAM Ave to mahAna anartha thAya. tethI ja zrImad rAjacaMdra kahyuM che ke . " jyAM jyAM je je yogya che, tyahAM samajavuM teha, tyAM tyAM te te Acare, AtmAthI jana eha." . A jAtanI anekAntadaSTi, vizALa daSTi jenAmAM hoya te ja khare AtmAthI che. 15-9-54

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ahiMsA paramo dharma manuSya mATe sauthI agatyane prazna tenA AcaraNane che. jJAnanI jijJAsA saMtoSavA jIva zuM ? jagata zuM ? Izvara zuM ? jagata koNe ane kyAre utpanna karyuM ? - vagere pranAM samAdhAna meLavavA manuSyanI buddhi prayatna karatI rahI che. A prakanA saMtoSakAraka javAba na maLe te paNa manuSya dukhI thavAne nathI, paNa pitAnuM vartana kevuM rAkhavuM tene sAco mArga na jANe te manuSya jarUra duHkhI thavA ane thAya che. tattvajJAnanA prazna aNaUkayA rahe tethI manuSya duHkhI thatA nathI, paNa acAradharmanuM ajJAna hoya te sAcuM sukha maLavAnuM ja nahi. bhagavAna buddha A vAta sarasa rIte samajAvI che. koI mANasane viSamaya bANa vAgyuM hoya ane vaidyane bolAve tyAre vidyane ema pUche ke, "A bANa koNe mAthuM, kevuM hatuM vagere mane samajAve ane pachI sAravAra kare." te A badhuM jJAna thAya te pahelAM ja tenuM mRtyu thAya. tAtkAlika jarUra te bANa kheMcI kADhI, ghA rujhavavAnI che. tevuM ja manuSyanuM che. - ahiMsA AcAradharmane prazna che. manuSyanuM vartana hiMsAmaya hoya ke ahiMsAmaya, AcaraNamAM satya levuM joIe ke asatya cAle - Ane javAba rojiMdA jIvana mATe pratyeka manuSya meLavavAne rahe che. A viSayanI enI mAnyatA upara tenAM ane bIjAMnAM sukhaduHkhane AdhAra che. bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha ane krAIsa ane vartamAnamAM TekasTAya, AbarTa svAIljhara ane gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAne AcAradhamane pAye banAvyo che. paNa darekanI bhUmikA ane ahiMsAne amala, keTaleka darajajo judAM judAM che. ahiMsA paramo dharma khAsa karIne, jaina dharmanuM pradhAna lakSaNa gaNAya che. ahiMsA zA mATe? jaina dharmamAM tene javAba be prakAra che. eka anubhavanI bhUmikAne ane bIje buddhine. anubhave joIe chIe ke dareka jIva jIvavA irache che, koIne maravuM gamatuM nathI. darekane sukha joIe che, keIne duHkha gamatuM nathI. pati sukha icche te bIjAne duHkha daIne pitAne sukha kema maLe ?

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ahiMsA paramo dharma bIjAM paNa evo ja vartAva rAkhe te badhAM duHkhI thAya. hiMsAthI duHkha che, ahiMsAthI ja sukha che, A saune anubhava che. buddhithI vicAra karIe, te sarva jI samAna che. jaina dharmanI A pAyAnI mAnyatA che. kIDI ane kITakathI mAMDIne manuSya sudhInA sarva jIva samAna che. pitAnA sukhane mATe bIjAne duHkha devAne kaIne adhikAra nathI. A baMne daSTie jaina dharma ahiMsA paramo dharma svIkAryo che. dehanI pratyeka kriyAmAM ochIvattI hiMsA che. tethI ahiMsAnA zakya teTalA AcaraNa mATe jaina dharma mukhyatayA nivRttipradhAna ane akriyAtmaka rahyo che. jaina dharma zramaNadharma rahyo che. gRhastha dharmanAM vata, avrate jene kahe che te che. paNa dharmanA pUrNa pAlana mATe tenuM laya saMsAratyAga che. AvI ahiMsAmAMthI saMyama ane tapa svAbhAvika pariName che. bhagopabhegamAM hiMsA che. tapathI karmakSaya thAya che. ahiMsA mATe aparigraha anivArya che. parigraha meLavavAmAM ane prApta karela parigrahane TakAvavAmAM hiMsA rahelI che. - bhagavAna buddha paNa duHkhamukti mATe ahiMsAmArga svIkAryo che. paNa temanA upadezamAM sthULa hiMsA viramaNa karatAM, bhAvahiMsA upara vadhAre bhAra mUkyo che. viratyAga, ane mahAyAna mArgamAM sakriya karuNA, pradhAna svarUpa le che. - krAiTanA upadezanuM pradhAna lakSaNa mAnava prema che. paDozI sAthe premathI vartavuM eTaluM ja nahi duzmana upara paNa prema rAkhavo. Love your enemies. Bless. them that curse you. Do good to them that hate you. vaLI duniyAdArI rAha evo che ke hiMsAne javAba hiMsAthI Apo, eye for eye and tooth for tooth. paNa krAIsTe kahyuM : Resist not evil- jamaNuM gAle tamAco mAre te DAbe gAla dharo. keTa mAge to paNa ApI do. A upadeza tyAgane, aparigraho che. A TesTa krAIsTanA A upadezane svIkArI potAnI jIvanasAdhanA zarU karI ane tenA samarthanamAM lakhANa ane graMtho lakhyAM, tyAre rAjya ane dharmanA sattAdhIze state and church sAthe bhAre saMgharSamAM paDayA. A upadeza sAcuM jIvanadarzana hoya to vartamAna rAjakIya, sAmAjika, Arthika ane dhArmika vyavasthA badhI hiMsAnirbhara che ane adhama che. Non-resistance to evil-anyAya athavA aniSTane pratikAra, zabdazaH pAlana karatAM, eka azakya paristhiti UbhI thAya che. vyaktigata AcaraNa mATe A mArga

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tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA svIkArya ke yogya hoya te paNa tenA sAmUhika AcaraNathI avyavasthA pariName ema jaNAyuM. TaeNsTeya AvA pariNAmathI pUrA vAkepha hatA. tene ukela temanI pAse na hatA. He remained a spiritual anarchist. vartamAna yuganA bIjA eka samartha ciMtaka che. AlbarTa svAilbare paNa, kAITanA upadezane madhyabiMdu banAvI, nitika AcaraNanA pAyAnA siddhAMta - fundamental principle of ethical conduct-nI zodha karI. temaNe je siddhAMta svIkAryo tene reverence for life-jIvanamAtra mATe Adara - kahyo. De. svAijharanI vicArabhUmikA lagabhaga jaina dharmanI che paNa temanuM ciMtana svataMtra che. e bhUmikA che anubhavanI ane sarvajIva-samAnatAnI. dareka jIva jIvavA irache che. e che will no live - jijIviSA. jIvavA icchatA eka jIve tarIke mAre darekanI jijIviSAne Adara karavo joIe. tethI koI jIvanI ) hiMsA mArAthI thAya nahi. vaLI nAnA jIva ane meTA jIva evo bheda pADavAne mane keI adhikAra nathI. potAnA sukhane mATe manuSyatara prANIsRSTine bhaga levAne manuSyane adhikAra nathI. je vyakti nAnA jIvanI hiMsA kare te moTA jIvanI paNa karaze, kAraNa ke enA aMtaramAM krUratA rahI che. karuNA hoya te nAnAmoTA jIvane bheda na rahe. paNa kudarata eka bhayaMkara samasyA - horrible dilemma - khaDI kare che. dehadhAraNa mATe keTalIka hiMsA anivArya cheH nIvo navA jIvanama. Ane ukela svArtha tyAga che, will to live will to love banAvavI te. De. svAijhUre potAnuM dIrdha jIvana mAnavasevAmAM arpaNa karyuM. gAMdhIjIne A badhuM vAraso maLyA hatA. bhAratIya saMskRtine - hiMdu dharma, jaina dharma ane bauddha dharmane - te hete ja, paNa krAIsTane upadeza ane TesToyanAM lakhANonI asara paNa temanA upara ochI na hatI. chatAM gAMdhIjInuM svataMtra ciMtana paNa che. ane ApaNe joIzuM ke ahiMsAnA AcaraNane temaNe navuM ane vyApaka svarUpa ApyuM che, je jagatanA ItihAsamAM eka navo rAha che. gAMdhIjIne ahiMsA, satyanA AcaraNamAMthI maLI ema temaNe kahyuM che. temaNe jIvanabhara satyanA prayoga karyA che ane e prayogo karatAM karatAM satyamaya AcaraNa mATe ahiMsA ja mArga che ema jeyuM. satya ane ahiMsA eka ja sikkAnI be bAju - two sides of the same coin - che ema temaNe kahyuM che. gAMdhIjIe ema paNa kahyuM che ke anubhave dekhAya che ke dehane svabhAva hiMsA che, AtmAne guNa ahiMsA che. deha ane AtmA bhinna che ane

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ahiMsA paramo dharma 43. AtmAnI zAzvata mukti e ja jenuM lakSya che tene mATe dehAdhyAsa choDavo e je mAga che. deha che tyAM sudhI keTalIka sthaLa hiMsA anivArya che, paNa tene ochAmAM ochI karavI e ja puruSArtha che. anivArya hiMsAnI chUTa hoI zake, hiMsA koI kALe dharma na hoya, dharma to ahiMsA ja che. te paNa gAMdhIjI pahelAM ahiMsAne vicAra, meTe bhAge vyakitagata AcaraNa tarIke ja thayo che. sAmUhika rIte, sAmAjika, rAjakIya, Arthika ane jIvananAM badhAM ja kSetromAM ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa zakya che, jarUranuM che ane lokakalyANane e ja mArga che, evo vicAra bahu thayA nathI. balake ema mAnavAmAM AvyuM che ke vyakitagata rIte ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa zakya che, to paNa sAmUhika rIte eTaluM vyAvahArika nathI. TesTayanI sAme A ja prazna AvIne Ubho rahyo hato. bIjA dharmo, jemaNe ahiMsAne AcaraNamAM prAdhAnya ApyuM che temanAmAM paNa vyakitagata AcaraNa mATe ja teno vicAra thayo che. pariNAme vyaktigata AcaraNa ane sAmUhika AcaraNanAM dhoraNa judAM rahyAM che, ane judAM hoya ema mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. vyaktigata AcaraNamAM satya ane ahiMsA svIkAravAmAM AvyAM, paNa sAmUhika AcaraNamAM te vyavahAru nathI ema mAnyuM. pariNAme vyAta khUna kare te pApa athavA guno gaNAya, paNa yuddhamAM lAkhone saMhAra thAya te dezAbhimAna gaNAya, guNa lekhAya, tenI prazaMsA thAya. gAMdhIjIne vyaktigata ane sAmUhika AcaraNa judAM judAM svIkArya nathI. satya ane ahiMsA AtmAne guNa che. sAmUhika vyavahAramAM je asatya ane hiMsA Acare, te vyaktigata AcaraNamAM satya ane ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa karI zake tema bane nahi. gAMdhIjIe batAvyuM ke ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa sAmUhika rIte zakya che, eTaluM ja nahiM paNa jarUranuM che, vyAvahArika che. Gandhiji was a practical idealist. alabatta, sAmUhika kSetre ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa, vyaktigata jIvanamAM zakya che teTalI sUkSma rIte zakya nathI. keTalIka vadhAre chUTa mUkavI paDe, paNa tene neve na mukAya, azakya na gaNAya. A prayoga duniyA mATe nave che. gAMdhIjIne ahiMsaka samAjanuM nirmANa karavuM hatuM, tene mArga temaNe batAvyo che. temane badhe racanAtmaka kAryakrama AvA ahiMsaka samAjanI racanAne nakaze che. paNa sAmUhika ahiMsAnA AcaraNamAM eka meTI musIbata rahelI che. . mANasamAM lebha che, svArtha che, azubha vRttio che, tethI aniSTa AcaraNa che. tene kema pahoMcI vaLavuM ? duniyAe Aja sudhI eka ja mAga jAmyo che.

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44 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA Eye for eye and tooth for tooth - hiMsAne sAmane hiMsAthI ja karyo che. alabatta, samAjavyavasthAmAM hiMsA ochI karavA smRtio racAI che, kAyadAo thayA che, polIsa che, lazkara che paNa aMte badhAne pAye hiMsA che. jagatamAM rahela aniSTa - problem of evil -ne pahoMcI vaLavAne sarvathA ahiMsaka mAga gAMdhIjIe prathama vicAryuM che, ane karI batAvyo che. dharmoe, tenAthI dUra rahevAne, saMsAratyAga ke saMnyAsane mAga joyo che. krAisTe kahyuM: Resist not evil. gAMdhIjIe kahyuM: Resist evil. aniSTane, anyAyane pratikAra kare, paNa hiMsAthI ke verajherathI nahi, paNa ahiMsAthI, premathI, pita sahana karIne, bIjAnAM hRdayane jItI laIne. duniyA mATe A navo mArga che. ahiMsaka samAjanI racanAmAM anyAya ane aniSTane pratikAra, tenI sAthenA asahakArathI ane satyAgrahathI, karavAne rAha gAMdhIjIe jaMgatane cIco che. ahiMsAnuM A navuM ane vyApaka svarUpa e gAMdhIjIne duniyAne saMdeza che. vijJAne saMhAranAM akaya zastro sajya che. ApaNe bhautikatAnI ane bhogapabhoganI sImAe pahoMcI rahyA chIe. tyAre vinAzamAMthI bacavA mATe gAMdhIjIne ahiMsA ane saMyamane mArga mAnavajAte vicAravAnuM rahe che. 1-10-'18

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9 mahAmUlA jIvanamAMthI huM zu' zIkhyA ? jIvana pratyenI dRSTi mANasanA anubhave parathI ghaDAya che. vividhatAnI diSTae mAruM jIvana samRddha ane sukhI rahyuM che. jIvananAM caDhANa sIdhAM rahyAM che. mAruM bacapaNu du:khI nahatuM, chatAM bahu sagavaDabhareluM paNa na hatuM. ema. e., elaela. khI. thayA tyAMsudhI khurasI, Tebala ke ilekiTraka lAITa na hatAM, UbhAM thatAM mAthuM bhaTakAya tevuM chAparuM hatuM. kAlabAdevIthI kaoNleja sudhI cAlatA jatA ane TrAmanA paisA kheMcAvatA hatA. khIjA nAM pustakA vAMcIne khIja ne zIkhavatA. divasamAM cauda kalAka vAMcatA. vAMcavAnA khasa nAda hatA. pharsTa kalAsa pha AvavAnI icchA rahetI ane te AvatA gayA. dhaNI skAlarazipo meLavI. tethI meM mAruM svAsthya thADu gumAvyuM, paraMtu mananuM svAsthya gumAvyuM nahi. huM mAnuM chuM ke mANasanuM jIvana ciMtanazIla hovuM joIe. jenuM jIvana ciMMtanazIla nathI te pravAhamAM khIjAnI sAthe taNAI jAya che. Ama tA mArA kAI guru nathI, paraMtu DokaTara AlbarTa svAitjhara ane tethI vadhIne gAMdhIjInA jIvanamAMthI huM ghaNuM zIkhyA chuM. 1921 nA divaseA hatA. cittara MjanadAsa, gAMdhIjI, mAtIlAla naheru jevAnAM bhASA sAMbhaLI huM vicAramAM paDI jatA. aneka kolejiyA kaoNlejo cheADatA, paNa meM mArI rIte vicAra karIne nakkI karyu ke jo huM kaoNleja cheADIza tA mAruM jIvana veDaphAI jaze. dezadAjha hatI, te chatAM mane abhyAsa cheADavAnu ceAgya lAgyuM nahi. . mANuse svata Mtra rIte vicAra karatAM thavuM joIe. gAMdhIjIe ghaNI pAyAnI vastu zIkhavI temAM sauthI moTI vAta e che ke mANasamAM nIDaratA sAthe apAra namratA joIe. ane tenAmAM, bhUla thaI hoya tA te kabUla karavAnI ane prAyazcitta karavAnI zakti joIe. mAruM jIvana vicArazIla ane ciMtanazIla rahyuM che, paNa lAgaNIzIla nathI. huM lAgaNIthI kheMcAI jatA nathI. mANasanA jIvanamAM Urmi hAvI joIe, paNa irrational na hovI joIe. gAMdhIjInuM jIvana adbhuta hatuM chatAM

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46 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA temanuM meM anukaraNa nathI karyuM. mahAna mANasanA jIvananuM paNa anukaraNa na karavuM, paraMtu tenA jIvanamAM je sAcuM lAgyuM hoya te ApaNuM jIvanamAM vaNI levuM. anukaraNa e maraNa che - imitation kills. mArA ema. e.nI parIkSake pro. hempaTana ane pre. rAnaDee mane lakhyuM hatuM ke chellAM vIsa varSamAM ame philosophInA viSayamAM AvA peparsa vAMcyAM nathI. temaNe mane kAgaLa lakhIne kolejamAM lekacarara thavA kahyuM. meM nA kahI, kAraNa ke mAre vakIla thavuM hatuM. mane paisAvALA ghaNuM moTA lAgatA ane mane paisAvALA thavAne moha hato. have te ghaNA paisAvALAnA paricayamAM Avyo chuM, huM paNa ghaNuM kamAye. have mane eno matuM nathI rahyo. alabatta, mANasanA jIvanamAM amuka sAdhanenI jarUra che, tethI vadhArenI jarUra nathI letI. mANasa potAnI maryAdA nakkI karI zake che. huM mAnuM chuM ke je mANasanuM jIvana saMyamI nathI ane je jIvanamAM UMcA dhoraNanA nAme jIvanane vilAsI banAve che te sukhI nathI thaI zakatA. aneka sAmAjika saMsthAomAM kAma karyuM. lAkho rUpiyAnAM dAna premathI meLavI zakyo, kAraNa ke lekane vizvAsa saMpAdana karI zakyo. mANasa potAnuM prema ane karuNAnuM jaLa jeTaluM bIjAM para sIMce che teTaluM ja te bIjAnuM jaLa meLavI zake che, ane sukhI bane che. tema na karavAmAM Ave te mANasa sukAyelA vRkSa jevo banI jAya che. je mANasa saMsAramAM rasa nathI leti ke pitAnuM ja saMbhALavAmAM mAne che te sukhI-kharekhara sukhI nathI banI zakate. pariNIta jIvana e mANasanI meTAmAM moTI prayogazALA che. mANasane tenI patnI ke nokara sivAya bIjuM koI vadhAre sArI rIte jANI zakatuM nathI. sArI sahadharmacAriNI maLavI te ghaNI moTI vAta che. te eka leTarI jevuM che, paNa lagna-viccheda e tene javAba nathI. jIvanamAM AnaMda meLavavA ucca sAhityanuM vAMcana karavuM joIe. TAgora, kAlidAsa, zekasapiyara vAMcatAM keTalo badhe AnaMda Ave che ! - dareka mANasanA jIvanamAM eka bharatI Ave che. A bharatIne pArakhavAnI daSTi joIe. jIvanamAM AvatI takane jhaDapavAnI paNa taiyArI joIe. taka AvavI e sadbhAgya che. takano lAbha levAnI zakti keLavavI e puruSArtha che. mANasa nibaLa na Ie, temaja tenAmAM abhimAna paNa na levuM joIe. Inferiority complex ke superiority complex- kaMI na joIe.

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mahAmUlA jIvanamAMthI huM zuM zIkhyo ? A duniyAmAM bhAtabhAtanA loke che. emanI vacce mananI samatulA rAkhI mANase jIvana pratyenI daSTi keLavavI joIe. mANasanAM baMdhana ane mokSanuM kAraNa tenI prakRti che. saMjogo, puruSArtha ane prakRti mANasanI abhigama nakkI kare che. mANase jANavuM joIe ke te potAnI prakRti ane saMjogo upara vijaya meLavI zake che. mANase sauthI moTI vAta jIvanamAM zIkhavAnI heya te te tenI nirNaya karavAnI zakti che, ke teNe kyAM javuM che. mANasa saphaLa thAya tyAre duHkhanA divase yAda kare che. temAM tene ahama poSAya che. mANasa duHkhI hoya tyAre bhUtakALanuM sukha yAda karavAmAM duHkhI thAya che. mANase sukha ane duHkhamAM sarakhuM mana rAkhI citta svastha rAkhavuM joIe, nuvAda samaMjIva amArAma vAyo aMtamAM eka vAta kahevAnI. duniyAmAM hiMsA-ahiMsA, satya-asatyanA haM cAlyA ja kare che. emAMthI eka jAtanI vRtti mAre ? huM zuM karavAne ? jagata jAya khADAmAM" -UbhI thAya che. paNa mANase vicAravuM joIe ke mAre phALe hiMsAnA-asatyanA pallAmAM che ke ahiMsAnA satyanA pallAmAM che ? mANasa duniyA upara svarga te na utArI zake, paNa duHkhanAM kAraNe jarUra ochAM karI zake, ane mANasa potAnA jIvananI saMdhyAe ema kahI zake ke satyanA, ahiMsAnA pallAmAM eka pAMdaDI mUkavAnuM meM kAma karyuM che-AvuM kaMIka ciMtane ApaNe karIe te. e enuM jIvanasAphalya che. 1-768

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10 gItAsaMdeza kurukSetranA raNamedAnamAM, pAMDa ane kauravonAM sainya maLe, bhagavAna zrIkRSNa arjunane ratha sthApyo tyAre, ajune potAnI samIpe, laDavAne usuka evAM pitAnAM svajane ane vaDIlane joyAM. gAMDIva dhanu, satyasAcI, kSatriyavIra ajuna, jeNe aneka yuddho khelAM hatAM ane vijaye prApta karyA hatA tene paNa A dazya joI UMDe kheda thayo. ati dIna bhAve teNe bhagavAnane kahyuM: . "gAtro DhIlAM paDe mArAM, moDhAmAM zeSa upaje, kaMpArI dehamAM UThe, rUMvADAM thAya che khaDAM, gAMDIva hAthathI chUTe, vyApe dAha tvacA viSe, rahevAya nahIM UbhA, jANe mAruM bhame mane." A te arjunanI zArIrika sthiti thaI. mAnasika sthiti kevI hatI - ""nathI huM Icchato chata, nahIM rAjya nahIM sukhe; rAja ke bhega ke jIvyuM, amAre kAmanuM kazuM ? na IcchuM haNavA A sau, bhale jAti haNAuM huM, triloka rAjya kAje ye, pRthvI kAraNa kema ? aho kevuM mahApApa, mAMDayuM AdaravA ame, ke rAjya-sukhanA lebhe, nIkaLyA haNavA sagAM." Ama belI raNe pArtha go besI rathAsane, dhanuSyabANane choDI, zeka-udvegathI bharyo." ApaNane thAya ke arjunane kharekhara vairAgya thayo che. lebha cheDI, pRvInuM te zuM paNa trilokanuM rAjya paNa jatuM karavA e taiyAra thayela che. mahApApamAMthI bacavuM che ane bIjAne mAravA tenA karatAM pitA hoya temAM zreya mAne che. ApaNane lAge ke bhagavAna ene kaheze, "bahu sAruM, bhAI ! AthI vadhAre rUDuM zuM hoya ?"

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gItAsada paNa bhagavAna jANatA hatA ke A sAce vairAgya nathI paNa moha che, ane mohane dharmanuM svarUpa ApyuM che. bhagavAnane thayuM ke kadAca A kSaNika viSAda haze. tethI thoDAM maheNAM mArIza te tenuM kSAtrateja jAgI UThaze. eTale bhagavAne kahyuM : "kyAMthI moha tane A Upajyo vasame same, 'nahi je Aryane zobhe, svarga ne yazane hare. mA tuM kAyara thA, pArtha ! tane A ghaTatuM nathI; haiyAnA dUbaLA bhAva, choDI uTha, paraMtapa !" arjuna jevA kSatriyane bhagavAna UThIne kAyara, nAmarda kahe tethI vadhAre ghA zo heya? hAkala karI, "hadayanI durbaLatA choDI, UTha." paNa ajunanuM dada UMDuM hatuM. teNe kahyuM : " vinA haNIne guruo mahAtmA, bhikSA vaDe jIvavuM teya sAruM; | haNI ame te guru artha vAMchuM, lehabharyA mANazuM bhega ke. svabhAva bheTo muja rAMka bhAve, na dharma sUjhe tamane huM pUchuM; be mane nizcita che jemAM, huM ziSya A zaraNe tamAre. .: samRddha ne zatru vinAnuM rAjya, maLe jage ke suralokamAM; to ye na dekhuM kaI zeka TALe, mArI badhI Indriya tAvanAre." bhIkha mAgIne nirvAha kare bahetara che, paNa gurujanonI hatyA karI, lohIthI kharaDAyela artha ane kAmarUpI bhogo mAre bhogavavA nathI. ane dharma-saMmUDhataH kikatavyamUDha thayo che. tenI buddhi bahera mArI gaI che. bhagavAnane e kahe che: "nizcayapUrvaka mane kahe, mAruM zreya zemAM che ? tamAre ziSya chuM, tamAre zaraNe Avyo chuM. mane mArga batAvo. mArI badhI Indriyone zoSI letA A viSAdamAMthI huM chUTI zakatA nathI. pRthvInuM niSka Taka rAjya mane maLe, ke IndranuM indrAsana maLe, te paNa mAro zeka TaLe tema nathI. ane pachI, huM te laDavAne nathI." ema kahI mUgo thaI e besI gayo. bhagavAne, pahelAM to, hasatA heya tema, arjunane kahyuM: "jene zeka karavo na joIe tene tuM zoka kare che ane moTA paMDita heya tema DAhI DAhI vAte kahe che: prajJAvAdAMzca bhASa-paNa satya te jANatA nathI." bhagavAna pachI arjunane deha ane AtmA bhinna che te samajAve che : "AtmA marato nathI, ta. a-4

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. 10 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA mArato nathI, haNatA nathI, haNAtA nathI. ajanma, avyaya, avinAzI, nitya, aja, amara, nizcaLa, aciMtya, avyakta, nirvikAra che. jUnAM vastro tajIne manuSya navAM vastra dhAraNa kare, tema AtmA jIrNa zarIra tajI daI ne anya deha prApta kare che. AtmAne A zAzvata jANuM, mRtyune zeka karavo na ghaTe. vaLI bIjI rIte vicArIe te.. "jagyAnuM nizcaye mRtyu, mUAne janma nizcaye, " mATe ja na TaLe temAM tene zeka ghaTe nahi." paNa te zuM manuSyavadha karavAmAM pApa nathI ? A praznane javAba arjunane hajI maLyo na hato. tethI, A tatvajJAnathI paNa tenA mananuM samAdhAna thayuM nahi. paNa te samajAve te pahelAM bhagavAna pharIthI tene tenI kSAtradharmanuMsvadharmanuM bhAna karAve che. A vyAvahArika dharmanuM AcaraNa tenA mATe kartavya che ema samajAve che. kSatriyane mATe raNamAMthI te bhAgI gayo evI apakIrtithI moTuM kalaMka bIju zuM hoya ? A dharmayuddhamAM tuM jItIza te pRthvInuM rAjya maLaze ane mRtyu pAmIza te svaga maLaze. bane rIte lAbha che. haNAye pAmaze svaga, chatye bhogavaze mahI, . mATe, pArtha ! khaDo thA tuM, yuddhAthe daDhanizcayI." paNa A dharmayuddha che tenI ja ajunane khAtarI nathI. te te mAne che ke labha thakI A mahApApa karavA beThA chIe ane tethI vinAza ja sarjAya che. - buddhinuM tatvajJAna ke vyAvahArika kartavyanA upadezathI arjunanA mananuM samAdhAna thatuM nathI. tyArapachI. bhagavAna tene gamArga batAve che ane te ja gItAne mukhya saMdeza che. A yogamArgane Azraya levAthI, bhagavAna kahe che, karmabaMdhana thatuM nathI ane A dharmanuM yatkiMcita pAlana paNa manuSyane mahAbhayamAMthI ugArI le che. A jJAna maLyA pachI aMte arjune daDhatAthI pokArI UThe che? naSTo mohaH smRtilabdhA, tvatprasAdAnmayA'cyuta / __ sthito'smi gatasaMdehaH kariSye vacanaM tava / / Ta moha, thayuM bhAna, tama anugrahe, prabho ! thayo chuM sthira niHzaMka, mAnIza tama zIkhane." arjunane moha TaLe che, enI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna thayuM che, e sthirasvastha thayo che ane bhagavAnanA kahevA pramANe vartavA taiyAra thayela che.

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gItAsaMdeza * A yogamArga zuM che te have saMkSepamAM joIe. te pahelAM thoDuM prAstAvika kahI dauM. - A vizva ane manuSyajIvana gUDha rahasya che. manuSya vicAra karato thayo tyArathI A rahasyane pAra pAmavA te prayatna karato rahyo che. aneka RSimunio, saMta ane tattvajJoe, anubhava ane buddhithI, manuSyajIvananuM aMtima lakSya batAvyuM che. mANasa zAzvata sukha ane zAMtinI jhaMkhanA karatA ja rahyo che. A anAdi anaMta saMsAranA paribhramaNamAMthI mukti meLavavAnI utkaTa bhAvanA chatAM, jANe vadhu ne vadhu temAM te baMdhAtA jAya che. koIe jJAnamAM mukti mAnI, koIe bhaktimAM, keIe karmakAMDamAM, te koIe saMsAratyAga ane saMnyAsamAM. A duHkhapUrNa jagatamAM, sukha ane zAMtinI AzA vyartha che ema lAge. manuSyanA mATe sauthI mahAna prazna e che ke jIvana kevI rIte jIvavuM jethI piti sukhI thAya ane pitAnI AsapAsanA bIjA badhA jIvo sukhI thAya. aMtaranI kharI mUMjhavaNa e ja che, ke kartavya zuM ane akartavya zuM ? arjunanI paNa A ja muMjhavaNa hatI. arjuna dharmasaMmUDha-ceta: kiM kartavyamUDha thaye hatA. jIvanuM aMtima lakSya Atmadarzana karyo, mokSa kaho, IzvararUpa thavuM kahe, paNa e aMtima lakSyanI siddhi mATe sAcI sAdhanA zuM e manuSya mATe mukhya prazna che. gItA, jIvana jIvavAnI A sarvocca kaLA batAve che. gItA AdhyAtmika nidAnagraMtha che. ArogyanA nidAnagraMtha hoya che tema adhyAtmane sarvotkRSTa nidAnagraMtha che. ArogyanA nidAnamra hoya che tema adhyAtmane sarvotkRSTa nidAnagraMtha gItA che. * gItAnI zarUAtamAM bhautika yuddhanI bhUmikA che. paNa A te eka nimitta che. kharuM yuddha je manuSyanA aMtaramAM pratikSaNa cAlI rahyuM che, temAMthI zAzvata zAMti kema meLavavI e ja gItAne pratipAdya viSaya che. manuSyanI sad-asadda vRttio, tenI vAsanAo ane kAmanAo, tenA aMtaramAM tumula yuddha jagAve che. saMsAranA badhA saMgharSanuM mULa manuSyanA rAgadveSa che. gItA AcAradharma graMtha che, paNa manusmRtinI peThe vidhiniSedhane graMtha nathI. eka vastu eka samaye kartavya hoya, je bIje samaye akartavya thAya. eka vyakti mATe kartavya hoya, bIjI vyakti mATe akartavya heya; eka dezamAM kartavya hoya, bIjA dezamAM aktavya hoya. bAhya AcaraNa AvI rIte dezakALa pramANe palaTAtuM rahe, tethI eka evI mAnyatA UbhI thaI che ke nItine |

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para tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA koI niyama nathI, ane vyakti svaccha vatI zake che. gItA batAve che ke bAhya AcaraNa pAchaLa eka sanAtana niyama che je trikALasatya che ane jene avalaMbIne mANasa samaye samaye pitAnuM kartavya nakakI karI zake che temaja jene tyajIne bhavATavimAM bhaTakyA kare che. gItA jIvanane mArgadarzaka bhomiyo che. teNe eka jyoti ApI che, jenA prakAze aMdhakAramaya dekhAtA A saMsAramAM mANasa potAne mArga zodhI zake che. gItA mATe mokSa eTale saMsAratyAga ke saMnyAsa nahi. eka mAnyatA evI che ke vyavahAra ane mokSadharma paraspara virodhI che. ekane prApta karavA bIjAne tyAga karavo joIe. gItAe batAvyuM che ke mekSa ane sadvyavahAra vacce Avo koI virodha nathI. gItAe dharmane vyavahAramAM utAryo che. je dharma vyavahAramAM mArgadarzaka banI na zake te sAco dharma nathI athavA dharmanI khoTI samajaNa che. , gItA jema smRtigraMtha nathI, tema tatvajJAnane graMtha paNa nathI. upaniSada ane brahmasUtronuM temAM dahana che, paNa tattvajJAnanuM yuktipUrvakanuM nirUpaNa temAM nathI. gItA dharmanuM eka mahAna kAvya che. temAM kAvyanI punarukita tathA atyukti paNa che. gItAmAM keTaluMya evuM che ke je zarUAtamAM, kadAya lAMbA samaya sudhI samajAya nahi. keTaluMka paraspara virodhI lAge. keTaluMka buddhigamya na lAge. gItAne samajavA mATe zraddhA- reverent mind, aMdhazraddhA nahi sAcI zraddhAnI jarUra rahe che. gItAne samajavA mATe rAjamArga te teNe kaheluM AcaraNamAM mUkavAno prayatna karavo e ja che. anubhave vadhu ane vadhu samajAtuM jAya. to have yogezvara zrIkRSNa batAvela yogamArga zuM che te joIe. eka vAkyamAM kahevuM hoya te karmaphaLatyAga. gItAnuM A madhyabiMdu che. gItAne samajavA mATe karmaphaLatyAga zuM che te samajavAnI jarUra che. deha che tyAM sudhI kama che ja. karmathI koI chUTI zakatuM nathI. kamAtramAM doSa paNa che, karma baMdhana che. te samasyA te e che ke karmathI chuTAtuM nathI, te karmabaMdhanathI kema chUTavuM ? gItAe kahyuM: niSkAma karmathI, savA karmo Izvarane arpaNa karIne, anAsaktithI, karmaphaLane tyAga karIne. trIjA adhyAyamAM kahyuM che: kama na Adare tethI, niSkama thAya nA jana; na te kevaLa saMnyAse meLave pUrNa siddhine. .

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gItAsaMdeza 53 rahe kSaNeya nA kaI kyAre karma karyA vinA; - prakRtinA guNe save avaze kama Acare. * rokI karmendriyo rAkhe, cittamAM samarate rahe; viSayane mahAmUDha, mithyAcAra gaNAya che." vaLI kahyuM che : kame adhikArI tuM, kyAreya phaLane nahIM; , mA he karmaphaLa daSTi, mA he rAga akarmamAM. kare yoge rahI kama, temAM Asaktine tajI, yazAyaza samA mAnI, samatA te ja yoga che. buddhigI ahIM choDe, pApa ne puNya beue, mATe thA yogamAM yukta, kameM kauzalya yoga che." - karma karavuM mANasanA kAbUnI vAta che. tenuM phaLa tenA hAthamAM nathI. phaLa athavA pariNAma upara daSTi rAkhIne kAma karanAra, karmamAM Asakta thAya che. dhAryuM phaLa ke pariNAma na AvatAM nirAza thAya che. phaLa athavA pariNAma IzvaranA hAthanI vAta che, ema mANasa samaje tyAre niSphaLatAnI nirAzAne koI avakAza raheto nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa aMtarane moTuM baLa maLe che. AvA samatApUrvakanA karmathI, AvA buddhiyogathI, mANasa pApa ane puNya baMdhethI para thAya che, karmabaMdhana karatai nathI, mukta thAya che. Ane artha ema nathI ke pariNAma vize mANasa bedarakAra rahe. khUba cIvaTathI kAma kare, paNa Asakti na rAkhe. yaza-apayaza, jaya-parAjayamAM samatA rAkhe. AvI samatA, A buddhiyoga kevI rIte prApta karavo ? prathama te Izvara uparanI akhUTa zraddhAthI, bhaktithI. bhakti vinAnuM jJAna abhimAna che, mithyA che, viphare che. vizvanI A gahana lIlAmAM, jenA rahasyane huM pAra pAmI zakatA nathI, jene huM pUruM. samajI zakatA nathI, temAM IzvaranuM dhAryuM thAya che, mAruM kAMI nahi; huM nimitta mAtra chuM evI namratA Ave, ane badho ahaMkAra gaLI jAya tyAre anAsakti, nirmaLatA, nirahaMkAra Ave che. AvI zraddhA jene heya paNa AcaraNamAM pUrNapaNe mUkI na zake, to paNa bhagavAna kahe che - na hi pathAkRta kazcita TutiM vAta chati - evA manuSyane A leke ke paraleke nAza thatI nathI, kAraNa ke kalyANamAge janAranI kadI dugati thatI nathI. mATe bhagavAne kahyuM :

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tatvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA "je kare bhagave vA je, je hame, dAna je kare, Acare tapane vA je, kara apaNa te mane. karmanAM baMdhane khALa, teDIza sukha-du:khadA, saMnyAsa yogathI yukta, mane pAmIza mukta the." AvA bhaktane bhagavAnanuM AhavAna che ane kola che ke: "mana bhakti mane apa, mane pUja, mane nama, mane ja pAmIza nika, mAruM vacana te, priya ! choDIne saghaLA dharmo, mAruM ja zaraNuM dhara, huM tane sarva pApothI choDAvIza, naciMta thA." paNa AvI bhakti kahevAthI nathI AvatI. A bhakti eTale vevalApaNuM nahi, aMdhazraddhA nahi. A bhakti parama puruSArtha mAge che, "zirataNuM sATuM" che. AvA bhaktanAM buddhi ane mana sthira, svastha, nirmaLa hevI joIe.' jenuM mana bhaTakyA kare che, jenI buddhi, anizcita che, je indriya-sukhopabhegamAM racyopacyo rahe che, je potAnA svArthathI aMdha che, je sadA jAgrata nathI, sAvaceta nathI, tene AvI bhakti athavA zraddhA prApta thatI nathI. nirmaLa arIsAmAM ja svaccha pratibiMba paDe che. nirmaLa cittamAM ja Izvarane vAsa che. buddhine, prajJAne, cittane sthira, svaccha kema karavuM ? te mATe bhagavAna kahe che? mananI kAmanA seve chaDIne, AtmAmAM ja je rahe saMtuSTa AtmAthI, te sthitaprajJa jANo. kAcabA jema aMgone, tema je viSayo thakI saMkele Indriyo pUrNa, tanI prajJA thaI sthira." paNa indriyane viSayamAMthI bhaTakatI rokavI e saheluM nathI. "prayatnamAM rahe te meM zANA naranA hare manane Indriyo masta, vegathI viSaya bhaNI. nirAhArI zarIrInA TaLe che viSayo chatAM, . rasa rahI jatA temAM, te TaLe pekhatAM paraM (Izvara)" - triguNAtmaka prakRti upara kAbU meLave te saheluM nathI. dareka mANasa je prakRti laIne ja hoya che te tene dhakelatI rahe che. paNa jAgrata mANasa, AtmapuruSArthathI, potAnI prakRti upara kAbU meLavI zake che. Atmaiva Atmano bandhuH Atmaiva Atmano ripuH / /

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gItAsa deza . 55 IzvaranI kRpA anAyAse, acAnaka UtaratI nathI. manuSyane puruSAtha hoya tA ja IzvaranA anugraha thAya che. tA, kama phaLamAM anAsakti mATe indriyasayama, maneAnigraha, sthira prajJA. dhyAna ane zradghA-bhakti vagere badhAM tattvA jarUranAM che. gItAmAM A madhAM viSayAnu nirUpaNa che. kama phaLanA tyAga thAya tyAre satya, ahi MsA, aparigraha Ape!Apa Ave. amuka pariNAma meLavavA mATe je vyakti kama kare che, te koI paNa sAdhaneAnA upayoga karaze; asatya, hi MsA, parahitahAni badhuM Acaraze, kAraNa ke tenuM lakSya amuka pariNAma ja che. paNa anasaktabhAve, pravAhapatita krama AcaranAra, satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha ja Acare. ahIM sAdhya ane sAdhananI ekatA che. te vinA kama phaLatyAga-anAsakti zakya ja nathI. tevI vyakti mATe, Asakti upajAve athavA vadhAre evAM sarva karmo tyAjya bane che. Asakti baMdhana che, duHkhanuM mULa che. tethI AvA anAsakta karmAMcAgI sauMsAramAM, bahujanahitAya, lAkakalyANanAM kAryomAM lAgelA hoya teA paNu, saMnyAsI che. pUrA kamI hovA chatAM pUrA akamI che. bhagavAna zrIkRSNe gItAmAM Adhela A yAgamAga che, jeNe aju naneA viSAda dUra karyA ane tenA sarva saMzayA iMdyA. A mArge jatAM nehAbhikramanAzo'sti pratyavAyo na vidyate / svalpamapyasya dharmasya trAyate mahato bhayAt / / Ayu* vaNase nA, te vighna nA Upaje ahI, svalpa A dharmanA aMza ugAre bhayathI mahA." gItAne A sadeza che. Acaraze te pAmaze. 16-10-68

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11 sAdhanA sAdhanAnA svarUpa ane tenA prakArane AdhAra sAdhya zuM che tenA upara che. vyApaka arthamAM kahIe te koI paNa dhyeyanI prApti athe vyavasthita prayatna karavA tenuM nAma sAdhanA. lakSmI prApta karavI hoya te te lakSya je rIte saphaLa thAya tevo mAga te tenI sAdhanA. tevI ja rIte sattA, kIrti, je kAMI meLavavuM hoya tene mATe viziSTa prakAranI sAdhanA jarUrI che. vidyAthIe parIkSA pAsa karavI hoya to tene mATe sAdhanA karavI paDe. koI paNa kAryamAM kuzaLatA meLavavI hoya te tenI sAdhanA karavI paDe. A badhA prakAranI sAdhanAmAM mananI kAMIka ekAgratA anivArya che. cittane bIjI badhI dizAmAMthI vALI laI, dhyeya - je kaMI hoya tenI siddhi athe ekAgra thavuM temAM sAdhanAnI saphaLatA che. ekAgratA sAthe koI paNa sAdhanAmAM tyAga paNa jarUrI che. vidyArthIe abhyAsa karI hoya te ramatagamata ke mojazokha jatA karavA paDe. lakSmI prApta karavI hoya to keTalIka vakhata zArIrika sukha, kauTuMbika prema ke sahavAsa evuM ghaNuM choDavuM paDe che. eka moTI dhanavAna vyaktie eka vakhata mane kaheluM ke dhana prApta karavAmAM temanAM tyAga ane tapazcaryA (tamanI daSTie ) ochAM nathI. sAmAnyapaNe ApaNe sAdhanAne ullekha karIe chIe tyAre, jIvananI sAdhanA athavA AdhyAtmika unnati mATenI sAdhanA e arthamAM A zabdane upayoga karIe chIe. ravIndranAtha TAgorane sAdhanA uparane lekhasaMgraha A viSayanuM gahana nirUpaNa che. jIvananuM aMtima lakSya zuM ane te prApta karavAne mAga zo, te badhAya dazane viSaya che. cArvAkadarzanane bAda karIe te bIje badhAM bhAratIya darzane ekamata che, ke jIvananuM carama yeya mekSa athavA bhavacakranA pherAmAMthI mukti che. tatvajJAnanA kSetre aneka matabhedo athavA vicAravaividhya hovA chatAM, AcAramAM mokSamAgI badhAM dazanI ekatA che. AtmaanAtma athavA jIvapugalane saMbaMdha game te kAraNe thayo hoya ane anAdi

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sAdhanA 57 hovA chatAM e anaMta nathI, temAMthI mukti che. karma baMdhanuM kAraNa avidyA kaheA, kaSAya, vAsanA ke tRSNA kahe, e badhAMmAMthI mukti meLavavAnI sAdhanA eNka ja che, paNa A AcAradhama nA pAyA, dehathI AtmAnuM zuddha svarUpa prApta karavA dehAdhyAsa A karavA e zraddhA vinA, A sAdhanA niraka che. ApaNe jete dhama kahIe chIe te A sAdhanA che. paNa e dhama'nuM AcaraNa zraddhApUrvaka thAya te mATe tenA tAttvika pAyA na heAya tA, te mAtra para parAgata vidhiniSedhAmAM ja pariName che, athavA mAtra sAmAjika sukhasagavaDa mATenA mArga tarIke sAdhana rahe che. te tAttvika pAyA zrImad rAjacaMdre A zabdomAM kahyo che: 66 AtmA che te nitya che; che rDA nija kama; bhAtA vaLI mAkSa che; meAkSa upAya sudha' A SaTpadamAM prathama pAMca pada jJAna athavA zraddhAnAM che. te pAMca pada hoya tyAre sudharuM, mAkSanA upAya tarIke samajAya che. sudha nuM samajaNapUrvaka AcaraNa thAya te mATe mANasa mumukSu athavA AtmAthI hovA joIe. AtmAthI nAM lakSaNu zrImade va kyAM che : " kamAyanI upazAMtatA, mAtra meAkSa abhilASa, bhave kheda, prANI yA, tyAM AtmA nivAsa." jIvanuM AtmAthI thavuM athavA mekSanA abhilASI thavuM, te pUrNAMkanA udayathI thAya, sadgurunA samAgamathI thAya, UMDI jhaMkhanAthI thAya, A kAMIka akaLa che; satata jAgRti, AtmanirIkSaNa, gahana ciMtana, svayaMsphuraNa, kAMIka nimitta bane, dIdha kALanI sAdhanA paNa jarUrI khane. zrImade kahyuM che : " vairAgya saphaLa tA, jo sahu AtamajJAna, temaja AtamajJAnanI prApti taNAM nidAna. tyAga-virAga na cittamAM, thAya na tene jJAna; aTake tyAga virAgamAM, tA bhUle nija bhAna." tyAga-virAga vinA jJAna nathI. paNa tyAga virAgamAM ja aTake tA bhUle nija bhAna. tyAga-virAga mAtra AtamajJAnanI prAptinAM nidAna che, aMtima dhyeya AtmajJAna che.

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA * mAre anubhava evo che, ke sAmAnya jana mATe mAnavasevA, prANadayA ane bane teTalAM sAmAjika kalyANanAM kAryo sAdhanAne rAjamArga che. temAM tyAga ane namratA keLavAya che ane mUcha ochI thAya che. te sAthe abhyAsa ane ciMtana hoya te jAgRti rahe che, kaSAya ocho thAya che, ane prasannatA vadhe che. A badhAMne pAyo cittanI sthiratA chebhaTaktA manane rokavuM, kAca jema zarIra sa kare che tema viSayomAMthI Indriyone pAchI kheMcavI eTale ke saMyamane jIvanane pAye banAvo ane tene bane teTaluM vadhAratAM rahe. A mArge jatAM, sAMsArika pravRttio pratye udAsInatA Ave e svAbhAvika che. vicAre udayapraga-A sAdhanA che. 1-9-'70

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12 mAnavInI cetanazakti bhautika daSTie vicArIe tA virATa brahmAMDamAM A pRthvI eka bindu samAna che. temAM mAnava eka kSudra jaMtu samAna lAge. evA mAnavI sattA, dhata athavA kIrttinA lobhe ke tRSNAthI keTalA utpAta macAve che, keTalI yAtanAe sahana kare che ane peAtAnI AsapAsa keTaluM badhuM apAra duHkha pedA kare che ! A eka bAju thaI. khIjI tarapha vicAra karIe tA mAnavInI cetanazakti anaMta ane sarvoparI che." sakaLa brahmAMDa tenuM sarjana heAya tema lAge. brahmAMDa virATa che. pRthvI, asa`khya tArAomAMne eka tAre evA sUryanI AsapAsa pharatA eka nAnA graha che. A badhuM jJAna mANasane thAya che. A jJAna tenI cetanazakti athavA AtmAnA guNa che. bhautika jagatanAM rahasyo ukelavAmAM mAnavI mahad aMze saphaLa thayA che. vijJAnanI zodhakhoLe! adbhuta, Azcaya kti kare tevI che. paNa te mAnavInI buddhinuM ja pariNAma che. caMdra, maMgaLa ke guru, pRthvIthI keTalA dUra che tenuM kharAkhara mApa teNe kADhayu'. pRthvI uparathI saMcAlita rokaTA avakAzamAM mokalyAM. paLa ane miniTanI gaNatarI karI. AvAM rokeTA athavA upagrahonI gati nakkI karI. caMdra upara tenA UtaravAnA ane pRthvI upara pAchAM pharavAnA tenA samaya, tenAM sthaLa, badhuM nakkI karyu*~karI zakayA. vijJAnanAM saMzAdhanAne pariNAme taiyAra thayela sAdhanAthI dizA ane kALanAM aMtara bhedI, AkhI duniyA pharI vaLyA. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa vizvanA khIjA bhAgAmAM paNa paheAMcI javAnI zakayatA thaI. paNa A vizva mAtra bhautika tavAne sahu ja nathI, paNa AI anaMta cetanazaktinA niyamane AdhIna che ema pratIta thAya che. mAtra bhautika tattvone samUha ja hoya ane tenuM Akasmika va na hoya tA teneA karAranA ya vinAza thayeA hAta. tArAo, nakSatrA, grA-upagraheAnuM aMtara, gati, kALa vagere mANasa nakkI karI zake che. te siddha kare che ke te badhAM kAI mahAna aTaLa niyamane vavI che. te niyama cetanazaktinuM pariNAma ja hAya, bhautika padArthAnu

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tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA nahi. A virATa cetanazaktine Izvara kahe, brahma kahe ke AtmA kahe. bIjI rIte joIe to mAnavI A badhuM jJAna meLavI zake che, tenuM kAraNa tenAmAM rahela cetanazaktivirATa vizvanuM niyamana karatI cetanazakti e ja che. tethI ja mANasa A jJAna prApta karI zake che. mAnavInI A cetanazakti buddhithI paNa para che. buddhi sAdhana che. A sAdhanane upayoga karavAvALI te cetanazakti che. mANasa buddhithI bhautika jagatanAM rahasya pAmI zakyo ane haju vizeSa pAmaze. paNa cetanazaktine nahi pichAne tyAM sudhI enA jIvananI dizA nakakI nahi karI zake. A cetanazaktinI anubhUti thAya tyAre vizvanI cetanazakti sAthe tAdAtmya sAdhe. A anubhUti thAya tyAre samasta prANIsRSTi sAthe ektA sAdhe. tyAM svArtha, lobha ke koI vAsanA ke kaSAya rahe nahi. maitrI, karuNA, prema ja vahe. virATa vizvanA eka biMdu samAna pRthvI upara huM eka zudra jaMtu chuM evI laghutAne sthAne A samasta vizvanI virATa cetanazaktine huM aMza chuM e darzana thAya. tA. 1-4-68

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13. mUrkhAInI parAkASThA viSayanuM mathALuM jarA kutUhalapreraka che. ema chatAM je "mUrkhAInI parAkASThA" vize kahevA mAguM chuM te mUrnAI ekAda sAmAnya vyaktinI nathI, paraMtu ApaNuM saunI che ane evI vyaktioe e sajI che je sattAnA sarvocca zikhare birAjI rahela che. A mArgethI vakhatasara pAchAM nahi vaLIe te mAnavatAnAM badhAM mUlyone uvekhIne mAnavajAtane sarvavinAza ANavAnA tabakkAmAM ApaNe pahoMcI jaIzuM. banDa rasele mAnavajAtane itihAsa - AdithI aMta sudhIne - eka vAkyamAM Apyo che. temaNe kahyuM che ke Adi mAnavo Adama ane Ive jJAnanuM phaLa cAkhyuM tyArathI kaI paNa mUrkhAI evI nathI ke je mAnave karI nathI. have tenI parAkASThA AvI che. - banDa raselanuM A kathana bahu ja abhyAsapUrvaka uccArAyeluM che. A kathana uccArIne teNe mAnavajatane prazna pUchayo che ke "zuM, mAnava A mUrkhAInI parAkASThAmAMthI pAcho na vaLI zake? mAnavajAtanA aMdhakAramaya bhAvine ujvaLatAmAM pheravI zake ? " A mUrkhAI kaI che? chApAMomAM A bAbata ApaNane avAranavAra vAMcavA maLe che, eTale te navIna vastu nathI, chatAM tenI bhayaMkaratAne abhyAsa karazo to tame tAjuba thaI jaze. A mUrkhAI che "aNuzastronuM sajana. A aNuzastronI vinAzaka zakti keTalI che? duniyAmAM DAhyA gaNAtA mANasane moTo bhAga vivekazakti gumAvI beThe che, paraMtu vinobA bhAve ane banDa rasela jevA ceDA DAhyA mANasoe duniyAnA bhAvi aMge satata ciMtana karI, pokarI pokArIne cetavaNI ApelI ke aNuzastronI A vinAzaka harIphAI aTakAve. jo A harIphAIne aTakAvavAmAM nahi Ave te mAnavajAtane ane mAnavatAnAM mUlyono vinAza

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdana sajAze, chellAM 5000-6000 varSamAM mAnavAtie dhArmika ane mAdhyAtmika mUlyanuM sarjana karyuM che te dhULamAM maLI jaze. aNuzastronA sarjananI A harIphAI aTakAvavA mATe pRthapha pRthapha prayatna paNa thaI rahyA che. thoDAM varSa pahelAM dilhImAM Anti-Nuclear Conference thayelI. teNe aNuzastranuM sarjana aTakAvavA mATe AMdolana zarU kareluM; World without Bomb" konpharansa AkrAmAM maLelI. aNuzastronI bhayaMkaratA aMge ghaNuM sAhitya paNa pragaTa thaI rahyuM che. bhArata sarakAre aNuprayogo ane tenA pariNAma aMge pustaka bahAra pADayuM che. A pustaka A viSayanA niSNAta Di. koThArI ane De. bhAbhAe taiyAra karyuM che. A pustaka eTalI sarasa rIta taiyAra thayuM che, ke tene duniyAbharamAM AvakAra maLI rahyo che ane paradezanAM patro paNa prazaMsAnAM puSape verI rahyAM che. "mAncesTara gArDicane". te pitAnI dhamAM eTale sudhI lakhyuM hatuM ke bomba banAvanAra koI paNa dezane vijJAna nika ATalI nIDaratAthI lakhI na zakata ane AvuM lakhANa tene mATe jokhamakAraka gaNAta. A pustakamAM aNuboMbanI asara keTalI bhayaMkara thAya che te samAvavAmAM Avela che. A badhuM sAhitya vAMcavAthI mane lAgyuM ke mahAna dezanA sattAnA siMhAsane ArUDha thayela zAsakoe mUrkhAInI je parAkASThA sarjI che tene jagatanA leke pokArIne aTakAvaze nahi te mAnavajAtanuM bhAvi aMdhakAramaya che. mumbaInI A parAkASThA aMge vadhu vicAra karatAM pahelAM A parAkASThAnuM udbhavasthAna zuM che tene vicAra karIe. mANasa janme che tyAre bIjAM prANInI sarakhAmaNImAM te zArIrika daSTie apaMga che. tenAmAM potAnuM rakSaNa karavAnI zakti nathI, jyAre bIjAM prANImAM te zakti janmathI ja Ave che. Ama chatAM mAnava anya prANIo karatAM uttama gaNAya che tenuM kAraNa tenAmAM rahelI bIjI vizeSatA che. mAnavamAM kalpanAzakti che, buddhi che, smRti che, bhASA ane vAcA paNa che. anya prANImAM A zakti pramANamAM alpa che. kabUtare varSothI je rIte varte che te mujaba Aje paNa jIvI rahyAM che; siMha anAdikALathI ekasarakhI rIte vatI rahela che. mAnavajAtamAM pitAnA ke pArakA anubhava parathI jIvanamAM parivartana ANavAnI zakti rahelI che. eTale mAnavajAtane anubhavavArase vaMzaparaMparAgata jhilAtA AvyA che; ApaNI pAse 5000-6000 varSanA mAnavajatanA anubhavane vAraso che. nyuTane Law of Gravitation nI zodha karI tyAre te navI vastu hatI, paraMtu atyAre sAmAnya vidyAthI paNa te

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mUrkhAinI parAkASThA 63 jANuM che. A mAnavajAtanI vizeSatA che. A ja rIte sAhitya, kalA, saMgIta vagere jIvananAM vividha kSetre mAnavajAte krame krame sAdhelI pragatinA ApaNe vArasadAra| chIe. ApaNe TAgAra ane TaoNlsaToya, kAlidAsa ane zeksapiyaranA mahAna vicArA vAMcI zakIe chIe ane samajI zakIe chIe. A ApaNI vizeSatA che. vyaktigata rIte mAnava AdhyAtmikatAnA zreSTha zikhara sudhI paheAMcI zake che. ApaNA dharma granthA - rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, gItA, upaniSado, dhammapada, AgamA, bAIbala, kurAna vagere - AdhyAtmika kSetramAM mAnavajAtanI pragatinA purAvAo che. vyAsa, vAlmIki, buddha, mahAvIra vagere mahApuruSoe A dizAmAM sAdhelI sAdhanAno itihAsa ApaNI samakSa che. eTale mAnavajAtamAM je viziSTa zakti che te vaDe te vividha saMskRtinA unnata zikhare paNa paheAMcela che. paraMtu cha bAju te viziSTa zaktionA - mUrkhAIne kAraNe thayela - durupayogamAM mAnavajAtane vinAza paNa sarjAya che. A mUrkhAInI parAkASThA paNa mAnavAtanA itihAsamAM A kSetre kramazaH sadhAyelI pragatinI pArAzIzIrUpa ja che. mAnavamAM jema maitrI, karuNA AdinI savRtti rahelI che tema lAbha, krUratA, sattA Adi asatti paNa rahelI che. pariNAme mAnavajAta paraspara jhaghaDatI AvI che. tenI zarUAta bahu.ja nAnA pramANamAM thavA pAmI. mAnavajAta jhadhaDavAmAM prathama paththarAne upayoga karavA lAgI; pachI khANa khanAvyuM ane te vAparavA lAgI; dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhI. ane baMdUka banAvI; pachI mazinagana khanAvI. jAti-nnatinA jhaghaDAmAMthI deza-dezanAM yuddho thavA lAgyAM. AvAM e vizvayuddo mAnavajAta laDI. Ama chatAM A vizvayuddhomAM je vinAza sarjAyA te maryAdita hatA. thaDA samayamAM te vinAzanI asaramAMthI dezAM UbhA thaI zakayA. chellA vizvayuddhamAM janIne ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDayuM. paraMtu gheADAM ja varSAM khAda te pAchuM samRddha banI gayuM. eTale atyArasudhI je yuddho thayAM ane je vinAzaka zastra vaparAyAM tenI saMhArakazakti maryAdita hatI. paraMtu Aje mAnavajAta pAse evAM vinAzaka zastro taiyAra thayAM che ke eka ja zastra sArAye dezanA vinAza sarjI zake, eTalu ja nahi paraMtu tenI vinAzakatAnI bhayaMkaratA varSo sudhI mAnavajAta bhAgavavI paDe. A zastra che aNukhAmbhanu. 1945nI chaThThI oNgasTa hirozimA para ane 9mI oNgasTe nAgAsAkI para aNukhomba pheMkAyA tyAre tenAM pariNAmothI sAruM thai jagata dhrUjI UDyu. savAre mANasA UThIne ane dainika kAryakramathI paravArIne kAma para jaI rahyA hatA, tyAre kharAkhara 8-15 miniTe A khamba 2,000 phUTanI UMcAIethI

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tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA pheMkavAmAM Avyo. tethI 75,000 mANasane ardhA kalAkamAM saMhAra thaye. A uparAMta hajAra mANasone dAha utpanna thayo jenI pIDAthI atyAre paNa teo ribAI rahyAM che. baeNba paDatAM ja dharatIkaMpa jevo dhaDAke thayA ane tenI dhrujArIthI lAkha makAne tArAja thaI gayAM. AkhuMye zahera hirozimA bhamIbhUta thaI gayuM. A aNubomba phATatAM temAMthI je Agane gALo nIkaLe che te 40,000 phUTa UMce jAya che, tethI ja boba phekanAra vimAnIne sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI hatI ke te pheMkyA pachI te pAchuM vALIne jue nahi ane tarata ja tyAMthI palAyana thaI jAya. jo temAM jarA paNa vilaMba thAya te vimAna ane bomba pheMkanAra ja A AganA gALAmAM bhasmIbhUta thaI jAya. A bebanI vinAzaka asara ATalethI ja aTakI nathI. temAMthI reDi-eNkiTava-kiraNotsargI rajakaNe nIkaLyAM. tenI bhAvi prajA para je vinAzakArI asara thaI te judI. je mANase A bomba pheMkyo te ItharalIne tenA pariNAmanI kalpanA nahotI, paraMtu jyAre teNe tenAM bhayaMkara pariNAme jANyA tyAre te kaMpI UDyo ane teNe ghaNAM nivedana bahAra pADI, jagatane cetavaNI ApI ke mAnavajAtane bacavuM hoya to aNuba banAvatAM aTake. tenAM nivedane vAstaviktAthI bharapUra hatAM. amerikana sarakAre mAnasazAstranA niSNAtane bolAvIne ItharalInA mAnasanI cikitsA karAvI. A mAnasazAstrIoe jAhera karyuM ke ItharalI gAMDa thaI gayo che ane ItharalIne gAMDAnI hospiTalamAM dhakelI devAmAM Avyo ! ItharalIne pitAnA kRtya mATe ATalo pastAvo thayA, paraMtu amerikAnA te vakhatanA pramukha Tramena jemaNe A bambanA upayoganI AjJA ApI temane te mATe jarA paNa pastAvo thayo hovAnuM jANyuM nathI. A AjJA ApavAmAM temanA manamAM kAMI nitika mane maMthana thayuM che tema paNa jANyuM nathI. banDa rasele lakhyuM che ke jene potAnA kRtya mATe pastAvo thayA te ItharalI duniyA samakSa gAMDo Tharyo, ane jene potAnA kRtya mATe jarA paNa pastAvo the nathI te mena gAMDa gaNAtA nathI ! hirozimA para pheMkAyela bebe je vinAza sarjyo te bomba te atyAranA benA pramANamAM ghaNe ja nA gaNAya. te bebanI ekasaplojhiva kepesiTI 20,000 T. N. T.nI hatI. 1945mAM A bomba pheMkAyo tyAre eka amerikA deza ja te banAvI jANato hato. mULa zarUAta jarmanIe karelI. 193thI jarmanIe A bamba banAvavAnI zarUAta karI. tyArabAda amerikAe

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mUrkhAInI parAkASThA paNa A dizAmAM pagaluM bharyuM. koNa prathama A baeNba banAve che tenI harIphAI zarU thaI ane prathama baeNba banAvavAnuM sadbhAgya kaho ke durbhAgya amerikAne prApta thayuM. jJAna e koIne IjAro nathI. amerikAmAM vaijJAnike che tema duniyAbharamAM aneka vaijJAnika paDyA che. 1949mAM raziyAe paNa smane prathama akhatarA karyo. pachI te mATe harIphAI zarU thaI. amerikAe aNuba karatAM vadhu vinAzaka bomba banAvavA mAMDyo ane 1952 mAM hAIDrojana baeNba arthAta megeTana bomba banAvyuM. A balbanI vinAzakazakti 10 lAkha Tana T. N. TnI che. 15ra mAM jyAre amerikAe A bomba dhaDAke karyo tyAre tene thayuM ke tenI pAse have evI zakti pedA thaI che ke tene sAmane kaI deza karI zakaze nahi. paraMtu raziyAe A abhimAna ogALI dIdhuM, ane teNe malTI megeTana. beba taiyAra karyo, jenI zakti 20, 30, 40, 50 lAkha Tana T. N. T. sudhInI hoI zake che. - A samAcAra ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe tyAre ApaNane thAya che ke, duniyAnuM zuM thavA be che? mUrkhAInI A parAkASThA kyAM jaIne aTakaze? hirozimA para pheMkAyelA 20,000 Tana T.N.T. nI zaktinA bombe sajela vinAzanA samAcAra ja sAMbhaLIne ApaNane dhrujArI chUTe che, tyAre 70 lAkha Tana T.N.T.nI zaktivALo eka ja megeTina beMmba pheMkAya te zuM thAya ? mahAna kahevAtA dezo megeTina bomba pedA karIne ja aTakyA nathI. A sivAya teoe ghaNAM zastro pedA karyA che je paikInI keTalIka vigato bahAra Ave che ane keTalAMka zastro aMgenI vigate te haju gupta ja rahelI che. A zastronI guptatA jALavI rAkhavA mATe vaijJAnikone kedI jevI sthitimAM rAkhavAmAM Ave che. temane bahAra javA devAmAM AvatA nathI. Ama chatAM kaI kaI mAhitI bahAra AvI jAya che te parathI mAlUma paDe che ke mahAna deze mAtra megeTana bomba taiyAra karI aTakyA nathI. megeTina boba uparAMta teoe kemikala voraphera kSetre jherI vAyu pedA karyo che. bAyolejikala voraphera kSetre jherI jaMtuo pedA karyA che. A uparAMta paNa bIje bhayAnaka zastro pedA thayAM che. evAM zastro che je pheMkavA mATe koI mANasane javuM paDatuM nathI, paraMtu te svayaMsaMcAlita zastro che. te kalAkanA 15,000 mAIlanI gatithI ta, a. 5

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tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA dhArelA sthaLe mokalI zakAya che. A zastranI aNI upara aNubomba rAkhI zakAya che ane dhArela sthaLe phekI zakAya che. mAskAthI nyUyorka jatAM A zastrane mAtra 20 miniTa lAge che. A uparAMta pRthvInI pradakSiNA karI zake tevAM raoNkeTAnA upayoga paNu aNubomba mATe thavAnI pUrI zakayatA che. te vaDe tA jyAM khAmba pheMkavA hoya tyAM pheMkI zakAya che. vaLI jhaDapI sabamarInA mbhavAhaka banI che ane ghaNI ja jhaDapI gatie ajANapaNe kAI. paNa dezamAM paheAMcI bomba pheMkI zake che. 10,000 megeTana khakhate amerikA upara pheMkavAmAM Ave tA 95 TakA amerikana vasati nAza pAme tevI vinAzaka zakti A mbanI che. A macchamAMthI reDiyA-eNkiTava rajakaNA nIkaLe te 10,000 mAIlanA krUratA vistAramAM vinAzaka asara kare. te reDiyA-eNkiTava rajakaNAnI be prakAre asara thAya cheH eka tA tAtkAlika asara che ane khIja dhImI asara. A rajakaNAnI asarathI cAmaDI para dAha thavA lAge che te tenI tAtkAlika asara che ane tenI dhImI asara 5-10~15-20-25 varSe thAya che: A rajakaNA zarIramAM dAkhala thAya che, ane dhIme dhIme mAMsa, majjA, leAhI vageremAM praveze che ane jherI asara paheAMcADe che. A asara lAkhA-karADA mANasone thAya. tenA pariNAme bhaviSyanI prajA vikRta thAya. A vikRti kevA prakAranI thaze te kahevuM muzkela che. paNa bhAvi prajAmAM AMdhaLApaNuM, baherApaNuM, avayavAnI vikRti thAya tevA sa Mbhava che. kiraNAtsagI rajakaNA havA, vAyu, dharatI, anna, zAkabhAjI, phaLA darekane dUSita kare che ane te zarIramAM jatAM lAMkhA gALe kaeNnsara vagere dardo pedA kare che. AvAM rajakaNA sArI duniyA upara paDe che; avakAzamAM aNuprayogA thAya che. tethI rajakaNA vAyumAM kheMcAi, duniyAnA badhA dezone nukasAna pahAMcADe che. atyAre thaI rahelA prayAgeAnI vinAzaka asara dekhAvA lAgI che, tene pariNAme vikRta bALako utpanna thAya che; bombanI reDiyA-eNkiTava rajakaNAnI asaranA khyAla 1954mAM amerikAe prayoga karyA tyAre AvyA hatA. A prayogA nirjana sthaLe thAya che tema kahevAya che, paraMtu tenAM rajakaNA tA dUra dUra sudhI paDeAMce che: 1954nuM thayela prayogAnA rajakaNA 80 mAIla dUra jApAnanA eka kinArA para kAma karatA mAchImArA para paDayA. temane UlaTI-jhADA thayAM ane kAlerA lAgu paDayo. Ama thavAnA kAraNanI tapAsa karatAM mAlUma paDayuM ke kiraNAtsagI` rajakaNAnI asarathI Ama banavA pAmyuM hatu. je dizAmAM pavana haiAya te bAju A rajakaNA UDe che ane jyAre pavana zAMta thAya tyAre

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mUrkhAInI parAkASThA jamIna para Utare che; eTale reDiyo-ekiTava rajakaNonI asarathI yuddhamAM nahi mAnanArake yuddhamAM nahi laDanAra zAMtipriya deza paNa bAkAta rahI zake tema nathI. jaina sAhityamAM be prakAranA kALa kahyA che : eka utsarpiNI kALa ane bIjo avasarpiNI kALa. eka kALa caData che ane bIje kALa Utarate che. atyAre UtaratA kALane pAMcamo Aro jene mAnyatA mujaba cAlI rahyo che. pAMcamA ArA bAda chaThThI ArAnuM varNana apAyela che. teno citAra ApaNI pAse atyArathI ja khaDo thaI rahyo che. A ArAmAM mANasa veMtiyA thaze, khADA khodIne raheze, khetI karaze nahi, kaMdamULa khAze ane jIvana gujAraze. bAIbalamAM paNa moTA pralayanuM AvA prakAranuM varNana Ave che. zAstranI A vAta buddhivAdI ke tarkavAdI mAnava svIkAravA taiyAra nahi thAya, paNa Aje vijJAna A kathanane puravAra karI rahyuM che ane reDiyo-eNkiTava rajakaNa mANasajAta para tevI ja asara karaze te batAve che. - A badhAM zastrAnI ATalI bhayAnaka asara che, ane duniyAne koI paNa deza tenI asarathI alipta rahI zake tema nathI. chatAM AvAM zastro zA mATe utpanna thaI rahyAM che ? e prazna svAbhAvika rIte ja thaze. A zastrone virodha sarvatra thaI rahyo che. samartha vijJAnike e vAraMvAra nivedana bahAra pADI A zone upayoga nahi karavAnI pokArI pokArIne vinaMtI karI hatI. nebala prAIjhavijetA vaijJAnikoe A aMge eka hilacAla zarU karelI. A prakhyAta vaijJAnikonI vAta kema dhyAnamAM levAtI nathI te prazna paNa ApaNane thaze. "tezanala sikyoriTI" (dezanuM rakSaNa) mATe A badhI saMhAraka zastronI harIphAI thaI rahI che, potAnI jIvanadaSTi ane dhoraNa TakAvI rAkhavA mATe A badhuM thAya che tema kahevAya che. pazcimanA dezonuM svAtaMtrya ane lokazAhI jIvana TakAvI rAkhavA mATe A badhuM thAya che tema kahe che, jyAre sAmyavAdI dezo mUDIvAdathI bacavA ane Arthika samAnatA lAvavA A teyArI kare che tema kahe che. paNa je zastro vaDe mAnavajAtane vinAza thatA hoya tyAM kenuM astitva TakI zakaze ? AvI sIdhI vAta AgevAnonA gaLe UtaratI nathI. ane A deDadhAma vadhatI ja jAya che, kAraNa ke ekabIjAne avizvAsa ane bhaya eTalA vyApaka che ke evA vAtAvaraNane bhedI spaSTa mArgadarzana maLatuM nathI. Aje amerikA ane raziyA pAse A zastro che, IMglenDa ane phAnsa pAse paNa che. bIjA dezo taiyAra kare che. bhArate aNuzaktine zAMtimaya upayoga

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68 tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA karavAnI pitAnI nIti jAhera karI che. A reIsa-doDadhAma-cAlu ja raheze ane tenA para kAbU mUkavAmAM nahi Ave to tenuM pariNAma kevuM Avaze te kalpanA ja bhayaMkara che. A doDadhAma kema aTake? tene keI upAya che ke nahi ? - te prazna aMge paNa vicAraNA thaI rahI che ane keTalAka upAyo sUcavAI rahyA che te TUMkamAM joIe, Aje bhaugolika dRSTie duniyA eka thaI che, Aje jyAre kalAkanA 15,000 mAIlanI jhaDape pravAsa karI zakAya che tyAre duniyA eka thavA pAmI che. tevI rIte duniyAbharamAM eka ja rAjya-world governmenthoya te A badhAM saMhAraka zastro para kAbU AvI zake. saMhAraka zastronI harIphAI aTakAvavAne A eka upAya sUcavAyela che. Geographical unity demands political unity. paNa koI rAjaya potAnI sArvabhauma sattA choDavA taiyAra thaze kharuM ? bIjo upAya e sucavAyela che ke "yunene majabUta banAvavI ane badhA aNuzastro tene soMpI devAM. A sUcanamAM e bhaya batAvAya che ke koI deza mAtra pAMca ja megATana baeNba pitAnI pAse rAkhe ane bIje soMpI de te paNa te pAMca megATana baraba vaDe duniyAno saMhAra koI paNa paLe sarjI zakAya. vaLI be mba banAvavAnuM jJAna ane tenAM sAdhana che tyAM sudhI vizvAsa kema pedA thAya ? trIjo upAya e sucavAyela che ke bIjA dezo saMhAraka zastro banAvavAnuM choDI de ke na cheDI de, paraMtu jene ahiMsAmAM zraddhA hoya tevA dezo jAhera kare ke ame to AvAM zastronI banAvaTathI dUra ja rahIzuM. hiMsAno sAmano ahiMsAthI karI zakavAnI jenAmAM UMDI ane urjavaLa zraddhA ane tAkAta hoya te ja A A vAta karI zake. AvI zraddhA ane tAkAta hoya tevI vyakti bhAratamAM ke bIjA koI dezamAM atyAre dekhAtI nathI. eka ja vyaktimAMpU. gAMdhIjImAM, evI zraddhA hatI, paraMtu sADA traNa dAyakAnA gALA daramiyAna ApaNane jaNAI Ave che ke ahiMsA pratyenI ApaNI zraddhA keTalI ochI thaI che. A badhA lAMbA gALAnA upAyo taratamAM phaLIbhUta na thAya to paNa tAtkAlika bIjA zakya upAyo levA joIe ke jethI AMtararASTrIya taMgadilI ochI thAya ane yuddhane bhaya dUra thAya. sau koI svIkAre che ke have pachI yuddha thAya

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mUrkhAInI parAkASThA te acUkapaNe aNuzastrone upayoga thaze. zastra hoya ane tene upayoga na kare te nahiM bane. yuddha acitya che te paNa sau koI svIkAre che. temAM keInI jIta thavAnI nathI. saunI hAra che, vinAza che te paNa svIkAre che. niHzastrIkaraNa, aNuprago para pratibaMdha vagere mATe varSothI pariSade thaI rahI che, paNa koI pariNAma AvyuM nathI. kadAca IrAdApUrvaka yuddha karavAnuM gAMDapaNa koI nahi kare, paNa akasmAtathI, AvezamAM koI vyaktinI bhUlathI, game tyAre yuddha nahi thaI bese tenI koI khAtarI nathI. AjanuM yuddha push-button yuddha che. eka sthaLe baTana dabAve te bhayaMkara vinAzaktA sarjAya. pahelo ghA kare te vadhAre saphaLa thAya tema manAya che. First surprise attack eTale pUrNa taiyArInI Toca upara sau jIve che ane tevI mAnasika taMgadilI anubhave che. A saMhAraka zastronI reIsa aTakAvavA mATe ja upAya batAvAya che tenAM amalamAM mukhya vastu je aMtarAyarUpa che te aMtaramAM zraddhA ane vizvAsane abhAva. koI paNa aniSTa bahArathI udabhavatuM nathI; bAhya rIte dekhAtA aniSTanuM UgamasthAna ApaNuM aMtara ja che; eTale mANasamAM rahelI asaddavRtti para savRttine vijaya thAya ane hiMsaka vRtti para ahiMsaka vRtti prAdhAnya meLave te ja A badhA upAyo amalI banI zake ane mAnavajAta mAnavatAnAM mUlyonI pratiSThA karI zake. : - atyArasudhI ApaNe AdhyAtmika mUlyone vyaktigata mAnyatA ane AcaraNane prazna mAnya che, paNa A bAbatane have ApaNe sAmuhika rIte anAvavI paDaze. atyArasudhI AdhyAtmika mUlyo aMgenI ApaNI mAnyatA vyakti pUratI hatI, samUha tarIke apanAvela nathI. eka vyakti khUna kare te tene phAMsInI sajA thAya. kaI prajA lAkho-karoDanAM khUna kare to tene dezabhakti kahevAya. A vicArasaraNuM ApaNe badalavI paDaze, ane je mAnavatAnAM mUlyo ApaNe vyakti tarIke svIkAryA che te prajA tarIke svIkAravAM paDaze. jyAre vyakti mATe niyata thayela AdhyAtmika mUlya prajA tarIke ApaNe svIkArIzuM tyAre A gharSaNa ane vinAzaka harIphAIne aMta AvI zakaze. mAnavajAtanI saMskRtine ItihAsa eTale hiMsAmAMthI ahiMsA pratye pragati. prANIsvabhAvanI vArasAgata hiMsaka vRttio upara vijaya meLavo tenuM nAma saMskRti - civilization. vyakti tarIke AvI AdhyAtmiktAnAM ucca zikhare mANase sara karyA che. paNa sAmUhika rIte, samaSTi tarIke, mAnava

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tattvavicAra ane abhiva`danA eTalI pragati karI zakayo nathI. e pragati karavAnI vijJAna have pharaja pADe che, athavA vinAza batAve che. samAjamAM, vyakti-vyakti vaccenA vyavahArAmAM jemAM hiMsA tajI, zAMtimaya dhAraNa, kAyadAnuM zAsana svIkAyuM, tema AMtararASTrIya kSetre Rule of Law - matabhedonA nirAkaraNa mATenA zAMtimaya mA - svIkArIzuM ke nahi te prazna ApaNI samakSa che. National security cannot exist in international anarchy. AMtararASTrIya arAjaktA ane rASTrIya salAmatI have parasparavirodhI vastu che. 70 phrenca revAlyuzane traNa prakAranA Adarzo ApyA H svata MtratA, samAnatA ane bhrAtRbhAva. 19 mI sadI rAjakIya svata MtratA mATenI laDatanI sadI hatI; rAjakIya svataMtratA maLyA bAda svataMtra dezane lAgyu ke Arthika samAnatA vagara rAjakIya svataMtratA khAlI kheAkhuM che, eTale Arthika samAnatA mATenA prayatne 20 mI sadImAM zarU thayA, ane temAMthI samAjavAda ane sAmyavAdane! janma thayA. paraMtu svataMtratA ane samAnatA vizvabaMdhutvanI bhAvanA pragaTacA vinA adhUrI rahe che. svataMtratA ane samAnatAnI bhAvanA mANasane mANasathI keTaleka darajje judA pADe che, tyAre vizvabaMdhutva mANasa-mANasane baMdhutvabhAvathI joDe che. paraMtu prazna e che ke ApaNe eTale sudhI paheAMcI zakIzuM kharA ? mANasa vizvakhaMdhutvanI bhAvanA keLavI zakaze ? caMdraleka para vijaya meLavavAmAM saphaLa thayela mANasa potAnI jAta para vijaya meLavI zakaze kharA ? Ano javAba ApaNe saue ApavAnA che. mAnavajAta mATe AvI AdhyAtmika ane naitika ToTI itihAsamAM AvI nathI. vijJAne je siddhi meLavI che tenA sadupayoga karI, samasta mAnavajAta sukhI ane AbAda thaI zake che. tenA durupayoga karI vinAza neAtarI zake che. lazkarI zastrasara'jAma pAchaLa Aje je anagaLa kharca thAya che tene aradhA bhAga paNa mAnavakalyANa mATe vaparAya tA duniyAnAM garIbAI ane bhUkhamarA dUra thAya. vaijJAnika zodhanA upayoga manuSyanA sukha mATe thAya tA utpAdana anekagaNuM vadhe ane kaI vastune abhAva na rahe. aNuzastro eka rIte mANasane ahiMsAnI najIka lAve che, kAraNa ke te ahiMsAne vicAra karavAnI pharaja pADe che. sanAza athavA ahiMsA : A be vacce pasaMdagI karavAnI rahe che. vijJAna ane AdhyAtmika mUlyAnA samanvaya sukha, samRddhi ane zAMti sthApaze. tenA paraspara virodha vinAza lAvaze. pacIsa se| varSa pUrve buddha ane mahAvIre je saMdeza ApyA tene sAka

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mUrkhAInI parAkASThA - 71 karavAno samaya Avyo che. buddhe kahyuM: "vera verathI zamatuM nathI, averathI ja vera zame che. A sanAtana dharma che." bhagavAna mahAvIre kahyuM: "sarva jIvo. jIvavA Icche che, koI maravA IcchatuM nathI, mATe nigraMthe prANIvadha varksa lekhe che." gAMdhIjIe A saMdeza pharIthI bhArapUrvaka jagatane Apyo, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sAmUhika rIte tene saphaLatApUrvaka prayoga karI batAvyuM. jagata e saMdezane jIvanamAM utAraze ke avasarpiNI kALanAM varNane che te sAcAM karaze? Izvara saune saddabuddhi Ape evI prArthanA aMtaranA UMDANamAMthI karavAnI rahI. 16-9-ra

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14 ke mAge ? prazna (gAMdhIjI) : A anItimAMthI sunIti thaze kharI ? uttara (zrImad rAjacaMdra) : A praznane uttara sAMbhaLI je jIva anIti Icche, tene te uttara upayogI thAya ema thavA devuM yogya nathI. sarva bhAva anAdi che, nIti-anIti paNa. tathApi tame ame anIti tyAgI nIti svIkArIe, te te svIkArI zakAya evuM che, ane e ja AtmAne kartavya che. sarva jIvaAzrayI anIti maTI nIti sthapAya evuM vacana kahI zakAtuM nathI, kema ke ekAMte evI sthiti thaI zakavA yogya nathI. sane 1894mAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe dakSiNa AphrikAthI zrImad rAjacaMdrane 27 prazno pUchelA jenA zrImade javAba ApelA. upara temane eka prazna che. gAMdhIjIno prazna huM samajuM chuM tyAM sudhI ema hatuM ke jagatamAM je anIti atyAre pravarte che ane kAyama thoDIghaNI dekhAya che temAMthI kAyamI sunIti thAya ke nahi? zrImadda uttara mitAkSarI ane mumukSu mATe che. uttaranI zarUAtamAM ja emaNe cetavaNI ApI che ke je jIva anIti Irache che eTale ke jene anItine paMthe javuM ja che tene A uttara upayogI thavA de yogya nathI. A uttarane Azraya laI tevA jIve anItinA paMthe javuM anucita che. pachI javAba Ape che ke sarva bhAva anAdi che, nIti-anIti paNa. vyaktie to anIti tyAgI nIti svIkAravI e ja kartavya che; paNa jagatamAM sarvathA anItine nAza thaI kAyamI nIti sthapAya evuM vacana kahI zakAtuM nathI. A uttara khUba vicAraNIya che. jagata pragatine paMthe che ke avanatine paMthe evA savAle ghaNI vakhata puchAya che. eka varga eMma mAne che ke jagata ekadhArI pragati karI rahyuM che. bIje vaga ema mAne che ke jagata ekadhArI avanatine paMthe che. ahIM pragati athavA avanati kone kahevI e vize matabheda hevA saMbhava che. vaijJAnika zodhakhoLanI pragati ke nitika pragati - kaI

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kaye mAge ? 73 sAcI ? ahIM ApaNe svIkArIzuM ke naitika pragati te ja sAcI pragati che. je jagatamAM "sarva jIvaAzrayI anIti maTI nIti sthapAya evuM vacana kahI zakAtuM nathI." to samAja-sudhAraNuM, lekakalyANanI sarva pravRttio tene kAMI artha che kharo ? AvI daSTinuM eka sIdhuM pariNAma terApaMtha. saMsAra kALe kolaso che. tene game teTale dhoIe te paNa kALe ja rahevAnuM. tene sudhAravAno prayatna karavo vyartha che, mATe AtmakalyANa IcchatI vyaktie saMsArane tyAga karI, pitAnA kalyANanI IcchA karavI e ja AtmAnuM kartavya che. saMsAra anAdi, anaMta che. te che te ja rahevAno. vyaktine mokSa maLe, paNa te mATe samAjasudhAraNAnI pravRtti athavA bIjI rIte kahIe te pAramArthika pravRttio vyartha che. zrImadanA javAbane Avo artha karavAmAM Ave te te sAcuM nathI lAgato. e vAta kharI che ke "sava jIvomAM anIti maTI nIti sthapAya evuM vacana kahI zakAtuM nathI. saMsAra anAdi-anaMta che te vAta paNa sAcI che, paraMtu tethI nirAzAne keI avakAza nathI. huM javAbane kevI rIte samaju chuM te jANavuM. saMsAra eTale sad-asadu tenuM satata ane tumula yuddha, vyaktine aMtaramAM tema bAhya jagatamAM. A devI ane AsurI vRttione puMja eTale mAnavI. tene vikAsa ane mokSa eTale e asad vRttio upara vijaya ane tene aMtima nAza. asad vRttio hevA chatAM mAnavI Take che, ane pragati kare che. sad vRttiothI ane tenA vikAsathI. tevI ja rIte jagatamAM nIti-anIti bane che, paNa jagata Take che ane pragati kare che nItinA svIkArethI, anItinA tyAgathI. vyakti mATe A AMtayuddhane eka divasa aMta Ave che te tene mokSa. jagata mATe evo kAyamI aMta nathI. tethI jagata-saMsAra anaMta. jagata nathI ekadhArI pragatine paMthe ke nathI ekadhArI avanaMtine paMthe. tenI thAya che caDatI-paDatI. jagatanA itihAsamAM koI samaye nItinuM tattva vadhAre vijayavaMta dekhAya che, tyAre jagata saMskArI ane pragatine paMthe jaNAya che. koI samaye anItinuM tattva vijayavaMta dekhAya che tyAre jagatamAM hiMsA, asatya, daMbha vagere prasare che. paNa asatyathI jagata Take noMhe tene AtyaMtika nAza paNa nathI, eTale jyAre jagatamAM anItinuM tattva vadhatuM jaNAya che tyAre gItAmAM kahyuM che tema paritrANAya sAdhunAm , vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm / dharmasaMsthApanArthAya saMbhavAmi yuge yuge / /

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA evA samaye mahAtmAo, saMtapuruSa, payagaMbaro, oliyAo jagatane cetave che; pitAnA cAritrayathI, tyAgathI, jIvanathI ane chevaTe mRtyuthI dharma, bhAvanAnI punaH sthApanA kare che. dareka jIvanuM eka kartavya che ke potAnA vikAsa mATe ane jagatanA kalyANa mATe A dharmabhAvanAne satata jAgrata rAkhe, potAnA jIvanamAM ane pitAnI AsapAsanA vAtAvaraNamAM pitAnI zakti mujaba tenI sthApanA kare. pAramArthika pravRtti eTale AvI dharmabhAvanA jAgrata rAkhavI te. vyaktinA aMtaramAM saasad vRttionuM je yuddha cAle che temAM satata jAgrata rahI nItinA tatvane sarvoparI banAvavuM te tenuM kartavya che. tema karavAmAM. dareka saMsArI jIvane potAnI AsapAsanA rAjakIya, sAmAjika, Arthika vagere saMbaMdha nakkI karavA rahyA. potAnI jAtanI unnati karavA mATe potAnuM jIvana viziSTa svarUpe ghaDavuM joIze. tema karavAmAM samasta samAjanuM svarUpa pAta vicAravuM joIze ane pitAnI sAcI. unnatine anurUpa tene banAvavuM paDaze. evo saMbhava che ke Ama karavA jatAM samAjanI pragati na joI zakatA mANasa nirAza thAya, sAmAjika pragatinA prayatnane mRgajaLavata mAne. paNa jene satyanA aMtima vijayamAM eTale ke IzvaramAM zraddhA che te mANasa kaI divasa nirAza nahi thAya. saMsAranI pragati tarata dekhAtI nathI. paNa vyaktine pitAne tene anubhava thAya che. eka samaya evo Ave ke vyakti ema kahe ke A saMsAramAM meM ghaNuM pravRttio karI, have mArA IzvaranA sAnidhye jaIne huM tenAM caraNe besIza. AvI sthiti dareka vyaktinA jIvanamAM AvatI nathI, ane jene Ave che tene paNa lAMbA samayanA abhyAsa, vairAgya ane jIvanaanubhava pachI Ave che. virala vyaktio apavAdarUpa hoya. vyaktinA vikAsa mATe A jagata raNAMgaNa che. temAM rahIne satata paData-AthaDatA e jIva AgaLa vadhe che. potAnI zaktinuM mApa kADhavAnuM A kSetra che. tene sahasA. tyAga karI virala vyaktio ja pitAne vikAsa sAdhI zake che. jagata e vyaktinI sAdhanAnuM ane tenI pragatinuM mApa kADhavAnuM sAdhana che. vyaktine vikAsa moTe bhAge kramika heya che ane tenA pitAnA svabhAvane AdhIna rahIne ja te sAdhI zake che. potAnA svabhAva viruddha AcaraNa karavAthI dekhAvane khAtara bIjAnA anukaraNathI pragati zakya nathI. dareka vyaktie potAnI zraddhA mujaba pitAne svabhAva keLavo rahyo. 1-9-45

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15 jaina sAhitya ahIM jaina sAhitya eTale mAtra lalita vADmaya nahi, paNa jaine lakhela dareka viSayanuM badhuM sAhitya. jJAnane koI viSaya evo nathI ke jenA upara jenuM yogadAna na hoya. A sAhityabhaMDAra ghaNe vipula che. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa taraphathI jaina sAhityane bRhata "ItihAsa' evI eka moTI yojanA karI, 2 graMthe pragaTa karyA che. The. hIrAlAla jainanuM eka pustaka che "bhAratIya saMskRtimAM jaina dharmanuM yogadAna." temAM upalabdha sakaLa jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa, lagabhaga 150 pAnAMmAM Apyo che. haju ghaNuM sAhitya jaina bhaMDAromAM apragaTa paDayuM che, paNa chellAM pa0-60 varSamAM sArA pramANamAM prasiddha thayuM che. jaina dharmanI-zramaNa paraMparAnI-prAcInatA have sarvasvIkRta che. zramaNaparaMparA vaidika saMskRtithI paNa prAcIna che. vedamAM deva-devIonI ArAdhanA, prakRtinAM tatvonI pUjA, yase ane tenI mAraphata ehika sukhasaMpattinI prApti, vizeSa jovA maLe che. zramaNa saMskRti zarUAtathI tapa, tyAga ane vairAgyapradhAna rahI che. upaniSadamAM AdhyAtmika vicAraNA pradhAnatA pAme che. jaina sAhitya mukhyatve AdhyAtmika che. vakhata jatAM, vaidika ane zramaNa saMskRtine samanvaya thaye. vartamAna bhAratIya saMskRti eTale vaidika, jaina ane bauddha dharmane triveNI saMgama. jaina sAhityane vicAra A saMdarbhamAM karavAnuM rahe che. zaMkarAcAryuM jena ane bauddha dharma upara AkramaNa karyuM ane hiMdu dharmanI punaH pratiSThA karI, tyAre bauddha dharma hiMdustAnamAMthI nAmazeSa the, jyAre jaina dharma TakI rahyo. tenuM kAraNa mane ema lAge che ke jenee eka prakAranuM samAdhAna karyuM. dharmathI jaina rahyA, paNa vyavahAramAM hiMdu thayA. hiMdusamAjanI jJAti-jAti svIkArI, tenA rItarivAje apanAvyA. hiMdu kAyade jainone lAgu pADayo, paNa dharmathI pitAnuM vyaktitva jALavI rAkhyuM. - jaina sAhityamAM Aga eka gaNatarIthI 3ra, bIjI gaNatarIthI kaMpa. A AgamagraMthanuM saMkalana bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI lagabhaga eka

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76 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA hajAra varSa thayuM. digambara mAnyatA anusAra badhuM Agama sAhitya kALakrame lupta thayuM che, ane mULa rUpamAM aprApya che. digambara sAhitya madhu* AcAya - racita che paNa zvetAmbara sAhitya ke gimbara sAhitya, khaMtemAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA upadezanI mULa dhArA sacavAI rahI che. Agama sAhitya upara, niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi tathA TIkAnA rUpamAM vizALa sAhityanI racanA thaI che. A badhuM sAhitya moTe bhAge AdhyAtmika jIvanane lagatuM che. A uparAMta khIjA viSayeA upara paNa vizALa jaina sAhitya che : nyAya, naya, nikSepa, anekAnta, syAdvAda, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, alaMkAra, kAza, nATaya, saMgIta, kalA, bhUgALa, khagALa, gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, artha zAstra vagere viSayA upara vividha prakAranu` sAhitya cheH vipula kathAsAhitya, paurA Nika-aitihAsika cAritrasAhitya, AcAra, muni tathA zrAvakonAM vidhividhAtA, kriyAo, cAga, dhyAna, kamavAda, jJAnanAM kAI viSaya evo nathI ke jenA upara jaina sAhitya na heAya. A sAhitya vividha bhASAomAM cheH adha mAgadhI, zaurasenI, apabhraMza, saMskRta, kannaDa, tamiLa, prAcIna gujarAtI vagere. A badhA sAhityane kevI rIte mUlavIzu` ? atyArasudhI ghaNuM' aprakaTa hatuM, have prakaTa thatu jAya che. bhUMgALa, khagALa, gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda vagere vyAvahArika jJAnanA viSayeA che, temAM ghaNI pragRta thaI che. AgamAma sUrya' prApti, caMdra prApti, jambudvIpa prajJapti vagere prathA che. tane sajJaprarUpita mAnI aMtima lekhavA ? tevI rIte kAvya, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, chaMda vagerenuM paNa. nyAya, pramANu, anekAnta, syAdvAda vagere tarka zAstranA viSA che. temAM grahaNa karavA ceAgya grahaNa karIe. anya vicAradhArAonA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karIe. kathAsAhitya tathA dharmopadezanuM sAhitya zreSTha hoya tenuM adhyayana karIe. A badhu. mukhyatve vairAgyalakSI che. A badhA sAhityamAM, tatkAlIna sAmAjika ane aitihAsika paristhitinI mAhitI maLe che. tane! aitihAsika daSTie abhyAsa karIe. ApaNe anekAntanI vAtA karIe chIe, ane tene mATe gaurava laIe chIe, paNa kharekhara ApaNI daSTi anekAnta che? matAgrA ane adhazraddhAthI ApaNe keTalA badhA gherAyelA chIe ? rUDha thayelI mAnyatAne leza paNa AMca Ave evA vicAra paNa karavA ApaNe taiyAra nathI.

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jaina sAhitya jaina darzananuM jIvazAstra ati gahana che. vartamAna vijJAna have tenuM samarthana kare che. paNa baMnene tulanAtmaka abhyAsa kAMI ja nathI. ApaNI paribhASA judI che. temAMthI bahAra nIkaLyA ja nathI. jUnI paraMparAgata paribhASAmAM jIvanA bheda-prabheda goge jaIe chIe. tene tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatA nathI. vartamAna bAyolojI ane jaina darzananuM jIvazAstra - baMnene gahana abhyAsa hoya evI vyaktio virala che. aMte rahe che dravyAnuyoga ane AcAradharma - metaphysics and ethics, navatatva ane SaDUdravya tathA ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa. nava tatvamAM jIva-ajIvanuM ta svIkAryuM che. Asava ane baMdha jemAM kaSAyo, lesyAo, rAga ane dveSane samAveza thAya che te mAnasazAstranA viSayo che. saMvara ane nirjarA, AcAradharma che. jemAM badhAM vrata ane ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapane samAveza thAya che. puNya ane pApa, zubha-azubha karmane pariNAma che. SaDukavyamAM prathama be che ? dhRva ane ajIva. bIjA be dharmAstikAya ane adharmAstikAya eTale gati ane sthiti - Rest and Motion. padArthonI gati-sthiti mATe A be dravyonI kalpanA karI. chellA be AkAza ane kALa, jarmana philasUpha kanTe kahyuM tema, mAnavInA mananI kalpanAo che - they are concepts of human mind aMtima tava, anaMta ane kAlAtIta, - Ultimate Reality is beyond time and space. A badhA viSayo gahana abhyAsa ane svataMtra vicAraNA - critical study - mAge che. Ama na thAya te jagatanA mahAna tatvajJoe vicAraNA karI che, ane anya dezomAM jIvananI A badhI samasyAonI gahana vicAraNA thaI che ane vartamAnamAM paNa thAya che, enI avagaNanA karavI paDe. - vartamAna jaina sAhitya pragaTa thAya che temAM maulika vicAraNA, tulanAtmaka abhyAsa athavA mUlyAMkana jevuM bhAgye ja hoya che. saMzodhanane nAme kaI hastapratanuM saMpAdana kare ane pIeca. DI.nI DigrI maLe che. bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvana ane upadezanAM pustaka vAMcIe to badhAMmAM lagabhaga parApUrvathI cAlI AvatAM vaNa ane hakIkata ja heya. keI navo vicAra ke vartamAna jIvananA saMdarbhamAM navI preraNuM jovA na maLe. sAhitya-prakAzana pAchaLa jaina samAja lAkha rUpiyA kharce che, paNa tenI guNavattA jovAnI bhAgye ja paravA kare che. saMzodhana-saMsthAo vacce parasparanA vicAravinimaya athavA saMkalana-coordination-nA abhAve ghaNuM punarAvartana thAya che.

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78 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA bhagavAna mahAvIre vidvAnenI bhASA saMskRta choDI, janasAmAnya samajI zake e mATe lokabhASAmAM upadeza Apyo. have te bhASA-ardhamAgadhI-lekabhASA rahI nathI. tene vartamAna lokabhASAomAM utAravI joIe. dareka darzanane pitAnI paribhASA hoya che. A paribhASA vartamAna vicAradhArAnA saMdarbhamAM parivartita karavI joIe. artha na samajAya to samajaNapUrvaka AcaraNa kyAMthI thAya ? bhagavAna mahAvIre batAvela jIvanasAdhanAne AcAradharma-ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa-AdhyAtmika anubhUti che. siddhAMta e ja rahe paNa tenA AcaraNanuM svarUpa samaye samaye badalAya. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsAnuM vyApaka svarUpa batAvyuM. sata dharmanI dRSTi mukhyatve vyaktigata mekSanI, saMsAra vyavahAra pratye upekSAnI rahI che. samAjamAM rahI vyakti ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa karI zake te mATe samAjanI racanA ahiMsAnA pAyA upara thavI joIe. hiMsAnA AdhAra upara racAyela samAjamAM ahiMsaka AcaraNa vyakti mATe vikaTa che. A moral man in immoral society is a paradox, wie la 21 09 BALERIO rAjyanI racanA karI. gAMdhIjIe ahiMsaka samAjanI racanAno mArga batAvyo. jaina dharme ahiMsaka jIvananI siddhi mATe saMsAranivRttine mArga apanAvyo ane ahiMsA, saMyama tathA tapanI aMtima koTinA munimane Adarza banAve. pariNAme dharma ane vyavahAra bhinna thaI gayA. vartamAna jIvananI samasyAonuM mULa, vadhatI jatI hiMsA ane bhogapradhAna vRttimAM raheluM che. ahiMsA ane saMcamane jIvananA badhA vyavahAramAM gUMthI na laIe tyAM sudhI sukha ane zAMti maLavAnAM nathI. jaina dharma A dizAmAM gadAna karI zake tema che, paNa te mATe daSTiparivartana ane svataMtra ciMtana Avazyaka che. 1-ra- 77

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dhArmika zikSaNa zALAo ane kelejemAM vidyAthIone dhArmika zikSaNa ApavuM ke nahi ane ApavuM te kevI rIte ApI zakAya ? A viSayane samajavA mATe dhArmika zikSaNa eTale zuM ane A prazna kema uddabhavyo te saMkSepamAM jevuM joIe. . vidyA vize ApaNe kahIe chIe 3 vidyA yA vimuwthe athavA amRta tu vighA - vidyA amRta che athavA te ja vidyA che je vimukti Ape. muMbaI yunivarsiTI mudrAlekha che : rIjhavRtI vidyA vidyAnuM phala zIla che, cAritrya che. vyAvahArika zikSaNa, ItihAsa, gaNita, vijJAna vagere amuka viSayonuM jJAna che, paNa AvA jJAna sAthe vidyArthInuM cAritrya ghaDatara thAya, naitika ane AdhyAtmika mUlya pitAnA jIvanamAM te ghaNuM le evI apekSA ApaNe rAkhIe chIe. A ja sAcI vidyA che ane AvI vidyAne abhAva heya to paNa dhaDatara nathI thayuM ema mAnIe chIe. vidyArthIkALamAM, vyAvahArika zikSaNa sAthe AvI keLavaNI-vidyA, vidyAthIne maLavI joIe ane te je tene sarvAgI vikAsa thayo gaNAya ane vidyArthInI integrated personality thAya.' , zALAo ane kolejamAM hAla je rIte zikSaNa apAya che ane tyAM je sthiti pravarte che temAM AvI vidyAne sarvathA abhAva che, ema ApaNe joIe chIe. vidyAthIomAM azista, tophAne, asthiratA vagere joIe chIe tenuM kAraNa AvI sAcI vidyAne abhAva hoya ema ApaNane lAge che. AnAM ghaNAM kAraNo che. tenI carcAmAM nahi UtaruM, paNa dhArmika zikSaNane prazna A bhUmikAmAMthI udbhavyo che te jANavuM jarUrI che. - aMgrejo bhAratamAM AvyA te pahelAM ApaNI je zikSaNa paddhati hatI temAM vyAvahArika zikSaNa ane dhArmika zikSaNa evA bheda na hatA. pAThazALAmAM, gurukuLamAM athavA madaresAmAM abhyAsa karatA vidyAthI vyAvahArika zikSaNa

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tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA sAthe dhArmika zikSaNa meLavate. aMgrejo sAthe khristI pAdarIo paNa AvyA. temaNe zALAo sthApI. temAM khristI dharmanuM zikSaNa ApavAmAM AvatuM. keTaleka aMze temAM dharmAntara karAvavAnI pravRtti hatI. aMgrejoe rAjyakta tarIke zALAo ane kolejo ane yunivarsiTIo sthApI temAM dhArmika zikSaNa ApavuM ke nahi te prazna thaze. tenA upara vicAra paNa karavAmAM Avyo, ane nirNaya thayo ke dhArmika zikSaNa saMbaMdhI taTasthatAnI nIti svIkAravI ane rAjyanI zALAo ane kolejomAM kaI dhArmika zikSaNa na ApavuM. rAjakIya svAtaMtrya pachI rAjyanuM baMdhAraNa ghaDavAno samaya AvyA tyAre A prazna upara gaMbhIra vicAraNA karavI paDI. A rAjya secular- binasAMpradAyika raheze evuM svIkAravAmAM AvyuM. emAM koI eka dhamane rAjadharma tarIke svIkAravAmAM nahi Ave evo nirNaya levAyo. pariNAme baMdhAraNamAM prabaMdha thayuM ke rAjya taraphathI cAlatI zikSaNa saMsthAomAM dhArmika zikSaNa nahi apAya ane rAjyanI madadathI cAlatI zikSaNasaMsthAo pharajiyAta dhArmika zikSaNa ApI nahi zake. paNa dhArmika zikSaNa eTale zuM? dhArmika zikSaNane artha ahIM moTe bhAge sAMpradAyika zikSaNa thAya che - keI eka khAsa dharmanI mAnyatAo ane tenAM vidhividhAna ane AcAraprANAlikAonuM zikSaNa. dharma eTale ahIM Established Church; ane dhArmika zikSaNa eTale e churchsaMpradAyanI beliefs and rituals-mAnyatAo ane anuSkAne. AvuM zikSaNa binasAMpradAyika rAjyanI zikSaNasaMsthAomAM na ja ApI zakAya te spaSTa che. paNa dhArmika zikSaNane bIje vyApaka artha nitika zikSaNa - moral. education - jIvananAM naitika mUlyonI samajaNa. AvA zikSaNane abhAva hoya to pariNAma bhayaMkara Ave ane Aje te ApaNe joIe chIe. tethI sarakAra jAgI ane zikSaNasaMsthAomAM AvuM zikSaNa ApavuM ke nahi ane te kevI rIte tene gaMbhIrapaNe vicAra zarU thayo. De. rAdhAkRSNananA pramukhapade eka Education Commission nimAyuM hatuM, teNe A bAbata vicAra karyo. tyArapachI A ja viSayane mATe zrI zrI prakAzanA pramukhapade eka kamiTI nImI. bIjuM Education Commission De. koThArInA pramukhapade nimAyuM hatuM. teNe paNa A viSayamAM vicAraNA karI. paNa keI spaSTa mArgadarzana maLI zakyuM nathI ane sarakAre koI nirNaya karyo nathI.

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dhArmika zikSaNa . nitika zikSaNa ane UMDA arthamAM dhArmika zikSaNa bhinna che. naitika zikSaNa sAmAjika vyavahAra mATenI AcArasaMhitA che. mANasa UMDuM ciMtana kare te jIva, jagata ane Izvara vize paNa teNe kaMIka vicAravuM paDeH "huM keNa chuM, A vizva sAthe mAro zo saMbaMdha che ane ati mAruM zuM thavAnuM che e vize paNa kAMIka mAnyatA ane zraddhA keLavavAM paDe. vividha dharmoe A prazno vize ciMtana karyuM che ane cokakasa mAnyatAo svIkArI che, je te te dharmanA anuyAyIo zraddhAthI apanAve che. " rAdhAkRSNana kamizane chevaTe ATalI bhalAmaNe karI cheH (1) dareka zikSaNasaMsthAmAM prArthanAthI kAryane prAraMbha karavo, (2) saMtapuruSonAM jIvanacaritra zIkhavavAM, (3) satazAstranA pasaMda karAyelA bhAgonuM zikSaNa ApavuM, (4) vividha dharmono ItihAsa ane tenAM tattvajJAna - history and philosophy of religion - nuM zikSaNa ApavuM. - zrI zrI prakAza kamiTIe ane koThArI kamizane lagabhaga A ja bhalAmaNonuM samarthana karyuM che.. - sarakAre koI nirNaya karyo nathI ane A bhalAmaNane koI amala thayo nathI. - pariNAma khedajanaka ane - A dizAmAM kAMI sakriya pagalAM nahi levAya . te - vizeSa hAnikAraka nIvaDaze. .. A kamizanee bIjI paNa eka agatyanI bAbata upara bhAra mUkyo che. : cAritraghaDatarane AdhAra mAM zALA ke kolejamAM maLatuM zikSaNa nathI, paNa gRhanuM vAtAvaraNa ane sAmAjika paristhiti paNa agatyano bhAga bhajave che. kuchuMbajIvana astavyasta hoya, samAjamAM naitika mUlyonI koI kiMmata rahI na hoya, te vidyArthInA mAnasa upara tenA pratyAghAto prabaLa paDe che, paNa zikSaNasaMsthAo ane zikSake bhagIratha prayatna karI, bhAvi prajane temAMthI bacAvI zake tema che. AvA vizALa arthamAM nitika ane dhArmika zikSaNanI ApaNe ciMtA karI nathI. ApaNe te dhArmika zikSaNa eTale sAMpradAyika zikSaNa ema ja samajyA chIe. kolejamAM abhyAsa karatA vidyAthIo upara prabhAva pADI zake ane vyApaka ta. a. huM

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82 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'nA arthAMmAM jaina dharmAMnuM jJAna ApI zake evA zikSA kayAM che ? AvA jJAna pratye tene abhiruci thAya te mATe vartamAna jIvananI samasyAomAM jaina darzana zuM mArgadarzana Ape che te samajAvavuM paDe. anya bhAratIya darzane ane vijJAnanA bhUmikA lakSamAM levI paDe. dareka vyaktine potAnA dharmanuM jJAna, tenA AcAravicAranuM zikSaNa ane samajaNu maLavAM ja joIe, ane kaoNlejo tathA zALAmAM tema thaI na zake te judA judA dharma ne anusaratAM vidyAlayA karI zake. paNa te mATenuM vAtAvaraNa sarjavuM joie ane te mATe yogya zikSako joIe; temaja saMcAlakAmAM dIdiSTa ane udAra bhAvanA hoya ane vidyArthI e sAthe gADha saparka ane premamaya vartana hoya te ghaNuM sAruM pariNAma lAvI zakAya. . 1-45368

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17 bhagavAna buddha ' vaizAkhI pUrNimA - buddha jayaMtInA divase bhAratavarSamAM ane samasta eziyAmAM karoDo naranArIo yuddha zaraLa chAmi, zaraLa chAmi, saMve zaf TchAmi evuM vividha svIkArI, dhanyatA anubhave che, kAraNa ke bhagavAna banuM zAsana sagra pAsa para - sarva pApanuM nAza karavAvALuM satrarasa : 3pasaMghA - kalyANanuM karavAvALuM che. koI paNa vyaktinA nAmathI pravRtta thayelA dharmanuM kharuM svarUpa samajavA mATe te vyaktinA caritranuM, teNe karela dharma-saMsthApanAnA prayatna ane te mATenI vyavasthAnuM temaja teNe karelA upadezanuM jJAna thavuM joIe. bhagavAna buddhane upadeza eTale bhavya che, eTalI ja emanI jIvanakathA rocaka ane adbhuta rasapUrNa che. * | mAyAdevInI kukhe, laMbina udyAnamAM siddhArthane janma thayo tyAre jayotiSIoe bhaviSya bhAkhyuM ke zuddhodana rAjAne A putra cakravatI thaze athavA buddha thaze. pitAnI tIvra icchA hatI ke putra yogamArga choDI daI cakravatI rAjA thAya. bhaviSyavettAoe kahyuM, "siddhArthanI sAme vRddha, vyAdhigrasta ane mRta manuSya Avaze to temanAM darzanathI tene vairAgya upajaze ane te gRhatyAga karaze. mATe evA mANase enI najare kadI ye paDe nahi evo baMdobasta kare." pitAe putrane pUrNa sukhamAM rAkhavA badhI vyavasthA karI. tenA mananuM vAdya ane nRtyathI raMjana karavA saMkhyAbaMdha nRtyAMganAo rAkhavAmAM AvI. cazodharA jevI rUpavatI kanyA sAthe lagna karyuM. bhAre AnaMdathI yauvananA divaso gALavA lAgyo. 29 varSa AvI rIte bhegavilAsamAM vItI gayAM. eka divasa pitAnI rAjadhAnI jovAnuM ane rAjadyAnamAM pharI AvavAnuM siddhArthane mana thayuM. pitAne khabara paDI eTale rastA sAphasUpha karAvyA ane AMdhaLA, pAMgaLA, gharaDA, dubaLA lekee te divase rastA para pharakavuM nahi e hukama karyo paNa jene hAthe jagatanuM kalyANa thavAnuM hatuM tevA mahApuruSane jagatanI vAsta

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* 84 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA vAstaviktAthI aMdhArAmAM kyAM sudhI rAkhI zakAya ? ghaDapaNathI vAMkA vaLI gayela eka mANasane teNe joyo. channa sArathine pUchayuM : "A sAme je prANI jAya che te manuSya che ke keNa che ? enA vALa dhoLA thaI gayA che, dAMta bilakula nathI, DoLA UMDA UtarI gayA che, lAkaDIthI kAMpatA cAle che, pITha cheka ja vaLI gaI che." sArathie kahyuM : "Aryaputra! vRddhAvasthA kahe che te A. eka vakhata tamArA jeTalo ja yauvanamada enA aMgamAM hatA. he rAjaputra ! yauvana caMcaLa che. ApaNI paNa A dazA thayA vinA rahevAnI nathI.' siddhArtha rathane pAcho vALe. udyAnamAM krIDA karavAnI icchA rahI nahi. vaLI eka divasa pharavA nIkaLe to rogI mANasa maLyA. vRddha nahIM chatAM tenAthI paNa adhika azakta. sArathine pUchayuM to kahe, "Aryaputra ! AnuM nAma vyAdhi. manuSya prANInuM baLa asthAyI che. Arogyamada miyA che.vaLI eka divasa pharavA nIkaLyo ane vATamAM mRtadehanuM darzana thayuM. sArathine pUchavuM to teNe kahyuM, "Aryaputra ! A manuSya gataprANa che. tenA zabane bALI ke dATI deze. tamane tathA amane kyAreka to A avasthA prApta thavAnI ja che." siddhArthanuM mana cakaDoLe caDayuM. jarA, vyadha ane maraNane vicAra karavAthI mANasane yovanamada, baLamada ane AyuSyamada naSTa thAya. chatAM mANaso ajJAnathI, sukAyelA khAciyAmAMnI mAchalInI jema, saMsAranA prapaMcamAM tRSNAthI taraphaDe che. kharo sukhI koNa? sAcuM sukha zemAM ? siddhArthanI AvI manodazA hatI tyAre tene tyAM putrane janma thayo. vadhAmaNI ApanArane kahyuM, "A baMdhana AvyuM, rAhu pedA thayo." putranuM nAma rAhula pADavuM. siddhArthanuM mana bIjI ja dizAmAM vaLeluM hatuM. tene jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa ityAdi duHkhamAMthI mukta thaI, Atyantika sukhano mArga zodha hato, zAzvata sukhanI prApti karavI hatI. madharAte jAgyo. avyavasthitapaNe sUtelI nataMkIo bhaNI najara pheMkI. jIvaMta mANasanI smazAnamAM beTho hoya evo tene bhAsa thayo. sauMdaryanI kSaNabhaMguratA anubhavI. gRhatyAgane nirNaya karyo. chanane belAvI kaMthaka ghoDA sajaja karAvyuM. priya patnI ane te ja divase janmela putra yAda AvyAM patnIne uThADI tenI AkharI vidAya levI ane putramukha nIrakhavuM evo vicAra AvyA. paNa tema karatAM gamanamAM aMtarAya paDaze ema thayuM. keTaleka vakhata aMtaramAM tumula yuddha karyuM. chevaTa patnI ane putranA mohanI jALamAM na sapaDAtAM, mokSamArganA abhilASI siddhArtha jagatakalyANa mATe mahAbhiniSkramaNa karyuM.

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85 bhagavAna buddhe gRhatyAga karI, siddhArtha kAlAma ane udraka jevA vikhyAta RSinA AzramamAM rahI tattvajJAnaneA abhyAsa karyAM. yAgathI samAdhinI ATha pAyarIe vaTAvI gayA. paNa tattvajJAnanI pApaTapacIthI athavA yAganI siddhiothI siddhA nA mananuM samAdhAna na thayuM. tethI pracalita dhama pathAmAM pesI vakhata na bagADatAM, pote ja prayatna karI nirvANane mAga zodhI ka.DhavAno nirNaya karyo. haThayoganI sAdhanA karI, kaMThAra tapazcaryA AdarI. hAthapaga sAMThIyA jevA thaI gayA. maraDAnA karADa sApha dekhAvA lAgI. bhAMgelA dharanA vAMsanI peThe pAMsaLI hacamacI gaI. pANImAM paDela nakSatrAnAM pratibaMkha jema UM'DAM gayelAM dekhAya che tema tenI AMkhanI kIkI U`DI UtarI paDI. kaDavuM kALuM kAcuM kApIne taDakAmAM nAkhatAM jema karamAI jAya che tema tenI agAunI suMdara aMgakAMti cheka karamAI gaI ane tanAM peTa ane pITha coMTIne eka thaI gayAM. ugra tapazcaryAnA vikaTa mA thI paNa parama zAMti prApta thaI nahi. tethI siddhArthe ugra tapazcaryA cheADI dIdhI. tenA sAthIoe tane DhAMgI gaNI taneA tyAga karyAM. cha varSanI tapazcaryA pachI, siddhArtha anubhavyuM ke jema kAmApabhAgamAM sukha nathI tema mAtra dehada'DathI sukhaprApti thatI nathI. teNe madhyama mArga svIkAryuM ane tenuM dha`ciMtana AgaLa vadhyuM, dhyAnastha samAdhimAM aMte mAdhijJAna prApta thayuM ane siddhArtha khAlI UThayA : aneka janmajanmAMtarAvALA A saMsAramAM huM rAtridivasa doDaco ane gRhartAnI zodha karatAM vAraMvAra janmaduHkha pAmyA. he gRhartA! Aja tu mane pratyakSa thayA che. have pharIthI ghara karIza nahi. tenAM sava pIDhiyAM-pATiyAM bhAMLI. gayAM che, ane mAla tUTI gayA che. mAruM citta nirvANa pAmyuM che ane tRSNAnA kSaya thayA che. pAtAnI jJAnardiSTa vaDe cAra A satyA ane tadantagata A aSTAMgika mAga teNe joyA. vimuktisukhano anubhava thayA. avidyAthI jasa-bharaNa sudhInI kAryakAraNaparaMparA zodhI, duHkhanA AtyaMtika nAza mAga' jaDayo. sAdhijJAnanI prApti pachI, muddanA manamAM vicAra AvyA ke mane je dharmajJAna prApta thayuM che teneA kheAdha jagatanA prapaMcamAM racyApacyA rahelAM janAne thavA zakaya nathI. mATe dharmopadezanI khaTapaTamAM na paDatAM ekAMtamAM ja kAlakramaNa karavuM sAruM che. vaLI vicAra AvyA, ke A jagatamAM jemanA jJAna para ajJAnamaLanAM paDa ghaTTa kheDAM nathI evA puSkaLa jIve che. dha vAkaya evAnA

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tatvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA . kAne na paDavAthI bhAre hAni thAya che. nirmaLa aMta:karaNathI jANela amRtatulya dhamane upadeza evAone thaze te tenuM rahasya jANanAra ghaNAM leka A jagatamAM maLI Avaze. jagatanA parama sadbhAgye, bhagavAna buddha pite jANela dharmane upadeza karyo ane 44 varSa sudhI A bhAratavarSamAM dharmacakra pravartAvyuM. bhagavAne temane prathama upadeza, RSipatanamAM je pAMca tapasvIoe temane DhoMgI samajI temane tyAga karyo hato temane ja karyo ane te ja temanA prathama ziSya thayA. cAra Aryasatyo ane tadantagata Aye aSTAMgika mA TUMkamAM A pramANe che: janma, jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa, apriya vastuone samAgama ane priya vastuono viyoga ityAdi kAraNathI manuSya A lekamAM duHkhI thAya che. A je rAcathI raMka pace tanuM sarvasAdhAraNa duHkha e prathama Arcasatya che. A sarva duHkhane udaya tRSNAmAMthI thAya che. aMhika upabheganI tRSNA, vargalokamAM janmavAnI tRSNA, yatheccha gukha bhogavI AtmahatyA karI jagatamAMthI lupta thaI javAnI tRSNA : A traNa tRSNAthI manuSyaprANI ane pApa Acare che ane du:khabhAgI thAya che. tethI tRSNane du:khanuM mULa samajavuM joIe. du:kha-samudAya nAmanuM A bIju Aryasatya che. tRSNAne nidhi karavAthI nirvANane lAbha maLaze. dehadaMDathI ke kApagathI mokSa prApti thanAra nathI. A du:khanirodha nAmanuM trIju Aryasatya che. samyaka daSTi, samyaka saMkalpa, samyapha vAcA, samyaka karma, samyaka AjIva, samyapha vyAyAma, samyapha amRti ane samyaka samAdhi - du:khanirodhane A aSTAMgika madhyama mArga du:khanidhigAminI pratipadA zuM Aryasatya che. A dharma aMgIkAra karI je brahmacaryanuM pAlana karaze te bhavadu:khane aMta ANaze. bhagavAna buddha tArkika ane dArzanika carcAnA mohamAM paDyA nathI. paralokanI jAtajAtanI kalpanAo upara paNa temane dharma racA nathI. emaNe jIvananuM kharekharuM rahasya zuM che e zodhavA ja prayatna karyo che. jIvananI saphaLatA zAmAM rahelI che, jIvanamAM zuM keLavavA jevuM che, zuM meLavavA jevuM che, zuM tyAgavA jevuM che, kaI vRtti dhAraNa karIne jIvanane vyavahAra calAvavAne che, e badhuM samajI, samajAvavA mATe ja buddhano sarvaprayAsa hatA ane tethI ja jIvanadharmI manuSyasamAjane buddhanA upadeza pratye ATaluM AkarSaNa rahyuM che.

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bhagavAna buddha 87 buddhanA dharmo divacakra dharma kahyo che. AvA ane juo, pAtAnI meLe tapAse| ane khAtarI thAya tA svIkArA. khuddanA parinirvANadine AnaMde bhagavAnane kahyuM ke, " bhikSu saMdhane chevaTanI kAMIka vAta karyA vinA nirvANa pAmazA nahi." tyAre buddhe kahyuM, " Ana Mda, bhikSusaMdha mArI pAsethI khIjI kaI vAta samajI levAnI icchA rAkhe che ? mArA dhama meDa khullA karI khatAvyA che. temAM gurukU'cI rAkhI nathI. have pAtAnA para ja avalakhIne rahe !" ' . bauddha dharmanA pAyA e che ke manuSyamAtra rAya ke raMka, janma, jarA, vyAdhi, mRtyu ityAdi du:khathI gherAyelA che. vaLI manuSyanA duHkhanuM mULa tRSNA che. eTale jIva, jagata, Izvara vagere tAttvika vivAdamAM paDavAne badale A du:khamuktine mA temaNe zAlyA. temanA eka ziSya mAluMkacaputra buddhane pUchyuM, " jagata zAzvata che ke azAzvata ? zarIra ane AtmA eka che ke bhinna che ? punaHjanma che ke nahi ?" buddhe kahyuM : " ekAda mANusa zarIramAM khANunuM viSamaca zalya pesavAthI taraphaDatA hoya, tA tenAM sagAMvahAlAM vaidane khelAvI lAvaze. A rAgI vaidane kahe, A khANa kANuM mAryuM che ? te brAhmaNa hatA ke zudra, kALA hatA ke gArA ? dhanuSya kevuM hatuM ? tenI dorI kevI hatI ? A badhuM mane samajAve. pachI zalyane hAtha lagADavA daIza.' AvI haTha pakaDe tA tenuM maraNa ja thAya. te. ja pramANe jagata zAzvata che ke azAzvata ityAdi sa` muddA samajyA vinA huM brahmacaryanA abhyAsa karIza nahi, tA te muddA samajatAM pahelAM ja maraNa Avaze. jagata zAzvata che ke azAzvata ethI dhArmika AcaraNamAM phera paDato nathI. AvA vAdathI vairAgya utpanna thavAnA nathI. pApA nirodha thanAra nathI, zAMti, saMkhAdha, prajJA ane nirvANanI prApti thanAra nathI." buddhanA upadezane sAra e che ke, duHkhamaya jagatamAM zAzvata sukhane athavA duHkhamuktino mArga aMtara-karuNA, dayA, prema, ahiMsA, maMtrI e ja che. krodhanI sAme krodha, veranI sAme vera, hiMsAnI sAme hiMsAthI du:kha vadhe ja che, koI kALa ghaTe nahi. akkocchi meM avadhi meM ajini maM ahAsi me / ye taM na upanahanti veraM tesUpasammati // na hi verena verAni sammantIdha kudAcanaM / aberena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano ||

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88 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA - amuke mane gALa dIdhI, mAryAM, amuka mate jItI gayo, mAruM lUMTI gayA, jeo AvI vArtAnI gAMTha nathI vALI rAkhatA, temanu vera zAMta thaI jAya che. A jagatamAM verathI ghera kadI zAMta thatuM nathI. premathI ja vaira zAMta thAya che. A sanAtana dharma che. AvI avera, prema-karuNAvRtti keLavavA, tRSNAnA tyAga ane apramatnapaNe cittazuddhinI sAdhanA jarUrI che. tRSNA vize bhagavAne kahyuM : tenI tRSNA mAluvAnI velanI je manuSya pramAdI thaIne pravRtti kare che, peThe vadhye jAya che. AsaktirUpa e tRSNA A jagatamAM bhAre duSTa che ane manuSyane haMphAve che, paNa je manuSya AvI tRSNAne haMphAvI zake che tenAM tamAma zAka padmapatra uparathI pANInAM tamAma TIpAM kharI paDe che tema kharI paDe che. cittazuddhi mATe bhagavAne kahyuM che: jema bANune banAvanArA, vaLI gayelA bANune sIdhu kare che tema smRddhimAna puruSa vAravAra phaphaDATa karatA cA~cala ane na sAcavI zakAya evA * ane mahAmusIbate nigrahamAM lAvI zakAya evA cittane sIdhu kare che. pANImAM rahenArI mAchalIne pANImAMthI bahAra kADhI jamIna upara eka sthAnethI pheMkavAmAM AvatAM te jema taraphaDe che, tema kAmavAsanAte cheDavAnuM AvatAM A citta bhAre phaphaDATa kare che. citta dUra dUra sudhI bhaTakanAruM che, ekaluM ekaluM pharyA kare che. azarIrI che, hRdayanI guphAmAM saMtAI rahenAruM che. je A cittane saMyamamAM ANI zakaze, te mAyAnAM khadhAmAMthI mukti meLavaze. AvA dharmImAM jAtibhedane kAI sthAna na hoya. sarva jIva pratye samAna vatana heAya te svAbhAvika che. jaina dharmanI peThe bauddha dharma mAM mAnava-mAnava vacce UMcanIcanA bheda nathI. buddhe kahyuM che : " sa` saMsArabaMdhana cheoDI je kAI paNa prakAranAM prApa`cika duHkhathI DaratA nathI, kAI paNa vAtanI jene Asakti nathI tene huM brAhmaNa kahuM chuM. bIjAe dIdhelI gALA, khadhana, vadhu ityAdi je sahana kare che, kSamA e ja jenuM khaLa che, tene huM brAhmaNu kahuM chuM. janmane laIne kAI brAhmaNa ke abrAhmaNa thatuM nathI. kama thI ja brAhmaNa ke abrAhmaNa thAya che." ke eTale bhagavAna buddhu aMgulimAla jevA bhayaMkara lUMTArAne potAnA ziSya

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89 bhagavAna buddhe banAvI zakacA, licchavI rAjAonu` Ama traNa tyajIne AmrapAlI gaNikAne tyAM bhAjata mATe gayA. bhagavAna buddhanuM jIvana jagatanA du:khI jIveA pratye karuNAsabhara hatuM. tenA keTalAka prasaMge! sakSepamAM joIe. pahelA prasa`ga : mahAbhiniSkramaNa samaye, patnInI vidAya na lIdhI ke putra-mukha jovA paNa na rAkAyA ane manemana vicAyu : . "cazeAdharA, huM tane ajANumAM rAkhI araNyavAsa svIkAruM chuM, tethI tArA para mArA prema nathI ema na samajatI. prANImAtranAM du:khathI mAru haiyuM kakaLI rahyuM che. mArA para krUrapaNAne Aropa bhale thAya, paNa mAruM mana pahelAM karatAM vadhAre mRdu banyuM che. pahelAM mArA manane mArA duHkhathI ja kaSTa thatuM hatuM. have sakaLa jagatanA duHkhathI mAru mana dukhAya che. sagAMvahAlAM sau mArA sukhane mATe che, ema "mane lAgatuM hatuM paNa have jagatanA kalyANa mATe ja jIvavuM evA mArA sakalpa thai cUkayo che. gRhatyAga karavAnA hetu kevaLa mArA ja AtmAnA mAkSa nathI, mAre tA aneka duHkhathI piDAyelI A mAnavajAtane sukhanI prApti thaze ke nahi enI zodha karavI che. janmajarAdi duHkhamAMthI chUTavAno mArga jaDI * Avaze tA mArA putranuM ane mArI strInu kalyANu mArAthI thaI zakaze.' * bIjo prasaga : mAgindriya brAhmaNe, potAnI salakSaNasaMpanna kanyAnA svIkAra karavA qhuddha pAse mAgaNI karI, tyAre buddhe kahyuM : A nAzavaMta manuSya zarIra para ghaNA AvavAthI tA meM gRhatyAga karyAM. kAmasukhamAM mane AMnada nathI." kanyAne buddha upara gussA AvyA. vakhata jatAM udayana rAjAnI e 'paTarANI thaI. bhagavAna buddha kauzAmbImAM vicaratA hatA tyAre temanA para vera vALavAneA niNu ya karyAM. dhUta lokAne lAMca ApI jyAM jyAM buddhe jAya tyAM gALA devaDAvI temane trAsa Apyo. Anade kahyuM : "bhagavAna, A zahera cheoDI jaIe," bhagavAne kahyuM : "AnaMda, khIje jaIzuM tA paNa lezabhAgI thaIzuM. ahI' ja sahana karIe. bhaya rAkhavAnuM kAI prayAjana nathI." ane sAta-ATha divasamAM bhagavAne kahyuM hatu. tema ja thayuM.... trIjo prasa`ga : bhagavAnanA ziSya devadatta irSyAthI temanA verI banyA ane bhagavAna buddhanA prANa levA teNe yukti racI. bhagavAna parvatanI chAyAmAM meThA hatA tyAM uparathI mATe paththara dhakelyA. pagamAM vAgyu ane meTI jakhama

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tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA thaye. bhikSuone bhaya peThe ane bhagavAnanI cakI karavI zarU karI. bhagavAne kahyuM : "bhijuo, mArA dehanI ATalI badhI kALajI levAnuM kaI kAraNa nathI. mArA ziSya mAruM rakSaNa kare evI mArI icchA nathI." bIjI taka zodhI, devadatta bhagavAna sAMkaDI galImAMthI vicare tyAre, temanA upara masta hAthI cheDavAnuM kAvataruM karyuM. vizvamaitrInuM manobaLa jenA aMtaramAM hatuM evA buddhanI samIpe madonmatta hAthIe sUMDha vaDe bhagavAnanI caraNaraja mAthe caDAvI. bhagavAnane devadatta upara krodha thayo nahi. cothe prasaMga : aMtima prasaMga bhagavAnanA parinirvANane. cuMda luhArane tyAM AmaMtraNathI bhojana mATe gayA. tAnA prakAranAM pakavAnamAM eka padArtha sUkaramadava hate. te levAthI bhagavAnane atisArane vikAra thayo ane maraNatika vedanA thaI. cuMda luhArane tyAMthI vihAra karI, kukaWA nadIne tIre kaMthA. pAtharI bhagavAna sUtA ane AnaMdane kahyuM, "AnaMda, mane bhojana karAvavA badala cuMda luhArane mAThuM lAgavAne saMbhava che. paNa tame tene ema kaheje, ke tAruM bhAgya samaja ke tathAgatane chevaTanI bhikSA devAne alabhya prasaMga tane ja prApta thaze." - cuMdane khoTuM na lAge te mATe keTalI badhI aMtarakaruNA! 1-6-69

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zatAvadhAnI munizrI ratnacaMdrajI mahArAja - zatAvadhAnI paMDitaratna munizrI ratnacaMdajI mahArAjanuM agAdha pAMDitya, temanI nirabhimAnatA ane saraLatA sau koInuM dhyAna kheMcatAM. ekale hAthe ardhamAgadhI koSa banAvavAnuM mahAbhArata kArya munizrI ratnacaMdrajI mahArAja karI zake. ra0 varSa sudhI satata parizrama sevI temaNe jagatane A aNamela bheTa dharI. pAMca moTA graMvALa Avo mahAna kaSa banAvavAnI muzkelIone khyAla ApaNane na Ave. sAdhunuM jIvana, satata paribhramaNa, joItAM sAdhane dareka sthaLe maLe nahi ane AvA aNakheDAyela kSetramAM anyane mArgadarzaka thAya tevuM bhagIratha kArya mAthe levuM ane phatehamada rIte pAra pADavuM e zAsanadevanI kRpA ja lekhAvI joIe. A koSa yuropa, amerikA ane bhAratanI badhI yunivasiTIomAM vaparAya che. ardhamAgadhI bhASAne hajI sudhI bIje kaI cheSa tharyo nathI. pUrvapazcimane saghaLA vidvAna A ja ne upayoga kare che. Avo, eka mahAna graMtha racIne sthAnakavAsI samAjanuM nAma temaNe ujajavaLa karyuM che. saMskRta, mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI vagere bhASAo upara temanuM prabhutva ajaba hatuM. saMskRta bhASAmAM koI paNa viSaya upara zidhrapaNe teo kAvyo racI zaktA ane saMskRtamAM bhASaNa karI zakatA. temaNe bIjA paNa ghaNu graMtho saMskRtamAM racyA che. temane chelo graMtha "sRSTivAda ane IzvarakatRtva' vijJAna ane tattvajJAnane UMDe upAya sUcave che ane A graMthamAM jaina daSTie A viSayanI talasparzI mImAMsA temaNe karI che. '' temanI smaraNazakti addabhuta hatI. avadhAnanI kriyA jemaNe joI che tamane ja Ane sAce khyAla Ave. teo eka samaye avadhAne karI ziktA. temanA jIvananAM chellAM varSomAM sauthI agatyanI hakIkta konpharansa pratyene tamane prema ane konpharansanI pragati mATe athAga parizrama! ajamera sAdhu saMmelanamAM niyamo prAmANikapaNe pALavA ane paLAvavAmAM ApaNuM

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA samAjanA je keTalAka sAdhu munirAje satata prayatnazIla rahyA che temAM teo mukhya hatA. ajamera adhivezana pachI temanA jIvananuM A pradAna kartavya temaNe banAvyuM hatuM sAdhusamAjanI ektA ane jJAna tathA cAritryanI vRddhi mATe teo rAtadivasa ciMtA karatA. ajamera saMmelananA prastAva anusAra sAdhusamitinI beThaka bolAvavA teoe jhaMDo uThAvyA ane nAdurasta tabiyata chatAM lAMbo ane tvarita vihAra karI ghATakopara pahoMcyA. pUjyazrI kAzIrAmajI mahArAja tathA pravartaka munizrI tArAcaMdajI mahArAja sAthe maLI temanA sahakArathI yojanA ghaDI ane tene pracAra zarU karyo. kenpharansanuM adhivezana belAvavA teo khUba IMtajAra hatA. ghATakopara adhivezana mATe temanA taraphathI preraNA ane protsAhana na hota to te adhivezana na thAta ema mArA aMgata anubhavathI huM kahI zakuM chuM. muMbaImAM adhivezana bharavAnA mArA prayatna niSphaLa jaNAyA tyAre meM temane vinaMtI karI ke temanI lAgavagane badhe upayoga karI A kAma mAthe levA ghATakopara zrI saMdhane teo samajAve. ghATakopara adhizananI saphaLatA ghaNe darajaje tamane AbhArI che. ja teo te kRtakRtya thaI gayA. temanuM mRtyu upAdhirahita ane maMgaLa thayuM. chellI ghaDI sudhI sAdhusamAjanI ekatA ane jJAna cAritryanI vRddhinI ciMtA karatA teo gayA ane ApaNI javAbadArI vadhAratA gayA. temanuM adhUruM raheluM kArya pUruM karIe te ja temanA pratyenuM ApaNuM RNa ApaNe adA karI zakIe. temanI yojanAne amalamAM mUkavA nimAyela samitinuM kAma vizeSa muzkela bane che. paNa sAdhusamAjanI pratiSThA ane astitvane te ekamAtra upAya che ane sthAnakavAsI samAja - sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka ane zrAvikA - pitAnA hitane khAtara paNa A kAryane pAra pADaze te ja samAjanI unnati ane pragati che. 1-6-41

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19 svAmI vivekAnaMda ogaNIsamI sadI daramiyAna, bhAratanA punarutthAnamAM je mahApuruSoe mahatvane bhAga bhajavyo temAM svAmI vivekAnaMda agrasthAne che. rAjA rAmamohana rAya, maharSi devendranAtha TAgora, kezavacaMdrasena vagere mahAnubhAvoe brahmosamAjanI sthApanA karI, pUrva ane pazcimanI saMskRtine samanvaya karavA prayatna karyo. paNa bhAratane AtmAM jemAM pUrNapaNe prakaTa thayo ane bhAratanI AmajanatAnuM hRdaya jemaNe jItI lIdhuM te te hatA svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ane svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI. baMnenuM kArya atyAre ApaNI samakSa mojuda che, rAmakRSNa Azrama ane AryasamAja mAraphata. - svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kharekhara eka avatArI puruSa hatA. nirakSara brAhmaNa, kAlImAtAnA pUjArI, paNa cetanyaprabhu jevA parama bhakta ane zaMkarAcArya jevA prakhara jJAnI. AtmasAkSAtkAra sAdhI, saMkhyAbaMdha buddhizALI ane zikSita puruSane potAnA tarapha temaNe AkarSyA. paNa temAM sarvazreSTha hatA narendra datta, je pAchaLathI svAmI vivekAnaMdane nAme vikhyAta thayA. jema sokreTisane saMdeza ApaNane tenA ziSya pleTa mAraphata maLyo che, tema svAmI rAmakRSNane divya saMdeza jagata svAmI vivekAnaMda mAraphata ja. svAmI vivekAnaMda paramahaMsanA ziSya kevI rIte thayA te paNa eka romAMcaka kaMthA che. svAmI rAmakRSNa kalakattA najIka dakSiNezvaramAM rahetA hatA tyAre temanI khyAti sAMbhaLI seMkaDe agrI-puruSo temanAM darzane jatAM. navembara, 1880mAM eka bhajanamaMDaLImAM, 18 varSanI uMmaranA narendra eka bhajana gAyuM. rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa hAjara hatA. paramahaMsanI vedhaka daSTie A yuvAna aMtaratama UMDANanuM mApa tarata kADhI lIdhuM ane tene dakSiNezvara maLavA AvavA kahyuM. keTalAka divasa pachI narendra keTalAka mitro sAthe maLavA gayo. narendrane kaMTha bulaMda ane bhAvavAhI hatA. paramahaMse bhajana gAvA kahyuM ane narendra gAyuM. pachI zuM banyuM te svAmI vivekAnaMdanA zabdomAM ja kahevA jevuM che:

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tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA "meM gAyuM pachI teo UThayA ane mAre hAtha pakaDI otarAdI osarI tarapha mane laI gayA ane dvAra baMdha karyuM. ame baMne ekalA hatA. A AzcaryathI huM temane nihALI rahyo ane temanA mukha upara harSanAM azru vahI rahyAM hatAM. dIrdha samayathI mane oLakhatA hoya tema mane tao joI rahyA ane mRdutAthI kahyuM, "mArI pAse AvavAmAM ATalo badho vilaMbu kema karyo. ATalo samaya mane rAha kema jevaDAvI ? mArI AdhyAtmika anubhUti samajI zake evI vyaktinA aMtaramAM mAruM hRdaya ThAlavavA huM talasI rahyo chuM. tuM nArAyaNane avatAra che. mAnavajAtanAM duHkha dUra karavA A pRthvI upara te janma lIdho che. huM Abhe thaI gayo. huM zuM sAMbhaLuM chuM ? A kAMI gaDapaNa te nathI ne? huM vizvanAtha dattanI putra. A mane zuM kahe che ? pharIthI AvavAnuM mArI pAsethI vacana lIdhuM ane temanAthI chUTavA meM vacana ApyuM." pachI te vivekAnaMdane A vicitra anubhava aneka vakhata thayo. buddhi nA pADe. hRdaya AkarSaNa kare; anicchAe Ave, mudha thAya. vaLI zaMkAkuzaMkAmAM DUbI jAya, vaLI AkarSAya. eka vakhata paramahaMsane kahetA sAMbhaLyAH ' "izvarano sAkSAtkAra thaI zake che. huM atyAre tArI sAthe boluM chuM ane tane jouM chuM tevI ja rIte tuM Izvarane joI zake ane tenI sAthe bolI zake. paNa tema karavAne sAro prayatna karNa kare che? pitAnAM zrI, prazno ke mAla-milakata mATe leke raDe che, paNa Izvarane pAmavA keNa raDe che ? paNa tene pAmavAnI kharI tAlAvelI jAge te tene sAkSAtkAra thAya ja." ane narendranA hRdayamAM A ane AvAM aneka vacane e pI . paNa " ziSya zAM mAm vAn prapanameM e bhAva jAgatAM pahelAM, lagabhaga pAMca varSa sudhI eka prakArane gajagrAha cAlyo. buddhivAdI narendrane bhakitanI lAgaNI vivazatAne aNagamo hatA. zraddhAthI kAMI paNa svIkAravA te taiyAra na hatA. He questioned everything. He never allowed his reason to abdicate. - te dareka bAbata vize taka karato rahyo. teNe kadI pitAnI buddhine padabhraSTa thavA na dIdhI. kolejamAM tatvajJAna, vijJAna, itihAsa vagerene te abhyAsa karatA. prakhara buddhizALI hatA. temaja svabhAva, pracaMDa kAyA, kSAtra lehI. dareka rIte paramahaMsavirodhI prakRti hatI. tenA aMtaramAM tumula yuddha hatuM, kAMIka svapnAMo te sevata. koI vakhata lakSmI, kIrti ane sattAnA zikhare pahoMcavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA tenAmAM jAgatI, te bIjI vakhata bhabhUta

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svAmI vivekAna'da lagAvI meTa paherI, sanyAsI banavAnI icchA thatI, ane mane tema lAgatuM. aMte khIjA svapne tenA aMtarane gherI lIdhuM. paNa pahelAM kAMIka yAtanAo teNe veThI 66 46 jamInadAra pitAnA putra, tenI 21 varSanI vaye pitAnuM avasAna thayuM ane cha-sAta jaNanAM bharaNapASaNanA khAjo tenA para AvI paDayo. uDAu pitAe leNadArAnA bhAra ja vArasAmAM ApyA hatA. tekarInI zodhamAM saphaLatA na maLI ane du:khanA DuMgara mAthe tUTI paDayA. jIvananI kaThAra vAstavikatAnA anubhava thayA ane te pAkArI UThayo, ke "A jIvanamAM nibaLa ke garIkha 3 tyajAyelAo mATe kAI sthAna nathI." Izvara uparanI zraddhA rahI nahi ane * The world seemed to me the creation of a devil - duniyA setAnanuM nirmANa hoya ema tane lAgyuM." paNa tenA lakhavA mujaba Ramkrishna was the only one who had unwavering faith in me. His unshakeable confidence bound me to him for ever. He alone knew the meaning of love." -rAmakRSNa eka ja evI vyakti hatI ke jete mArAmAM avicaLa zraddhA hatI. temanA sudRDha vizvAsanA pariNAme huM temanI sAthe sadAne mATe badhAyo. * prematattvanuM rahasya mAtra tee ja jANatA hatA." ane aMte e divasa AvyA ke jyAre narendranA badhA saMzayAnuM nivAraNa thayuM. Suddenly it seemed as if the folds enveloping his soul were asundered and there was light. - AtmAne AvarI rahelA badhA paDadA ekAeka cirAI gayA ane jJAnaneA sUrya UgyA. pachI tA AtmAnI muktinI tAlAvelI jAgI ane nirvikalpa samAdhimAM parabrahma sAthe ektAna thavA tenA 95 zaka che tema thatAM jIva talasI rahyo. paNa paramahaMsanI AjJA thaI ke "tAre mAtra tArA svA ane "tArI mukti zodhavAnAM nathI, tAre jagatanuM kalyANa karavAnu che." ane narendre A AjJA svIkArI. 15 mI oNgasTa, 1886nA dine paramahaMsanuM avasAna thayuM. pachI tarendra temanA ziSyagaNanA svAbhAvika rIte ja tetA thayA. zuM karavuM te 'kAIne sUjhatuM na hatuM. nivRttimaya jIvana svIkArIne AtmasAdhanA karavAnI ghaNAnI icchA hatI. 1886nA 25mI DisembaranI rAtre tApaNuM karI sau beThA hatA. vivekAna`de jisasa krAisTanI jIvanakathA kahI ane pachI temaNe jagatakalyANa mATe pAtAnuM jIvana samarpaNa karavA saune Adeza ApyA, temaja saue sanyAsanI pratijJA

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Jie tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA lIdhI. paNa e sa`nyAsa judA prakAranA hatA. e sanyAsa mAtra AtmasAdhanAmAM nimagna thavAnA ja nahi paNa mAnavasevAnA saMnyAsa hatAM. It combined the ideal of contemplation with the idea of human service. - te saMnyAsanI kalpanAmAM dhyAnanA Adaza sAthe mAnavasevAnA Adarza nA meLa joDavAmAM AvyA hatA. paNa A pratijJAne AkAra ApatAM bIjA 11 varSa vahI gayAM. te pahelA vivekAnaMde ghaNuM jANavAnuM hatuM, ghaNuM karavAnuM hatuM. paramahaMsanA avasAna samaye vivekAnaMdanI uMmara mAtra 23 vaSa~nI hatI. bhAratanI bhUmi, tenI janatA ane tenA AtmAnA teNe paricaya karavAnA hatA. A mATe temaNe paribhramaNa AdaryuM. pAMca varSa sudhI A mahAparitrAjaka tibeTathI kanyAkumArI sudhI pharI vaLyA. bhAratavarSanI bhayaMkara garIbAIne anubhava karyAM ane tene AtmA kakaLI UThayo. mArA dezabAMdhavA mATe huM... zu karu chuM te eka junAda tenA aMtarane cIrI rahyo. tene eka vicAra sphuryA ke pazcimamAM jaI vedAMtanA saMdeza tyAMnI prajAne ApuM ane tenI pAsethI lakSmI lAvI bhAratanI prajAnI garIbAI ochI karuM. ane temane e taka maLI. zikAgomAM vizvama pariSada thavAnI che te sAMbhaLyuM ane tyAM javAtA temaNe niha~ya karyo. A samaye narendra maTI te svAmI vivekAnaMda thayA. svAmI vivekAna Mde 1893mAM karelI amerikAnI yAtrA eka adbhuta parAkrama hatuM. temaNe sAhasathI jha MpalAvyuM. vizvadhama pariSada vize koI cokkasa mAhitI temane na hatI. te kayAM ane kayAre bharAvAnI che tenI khabara na hatI. temAM kAne sthAna che te jANatA na hatA. temanI pAse kaMI paricayapatrAna hatA. eka mAtra IzvaramAM zraddhA rAkhI peAtAnA AtmavizvAsathI 30 varSanA A sanyAsI UpaDayo ane pharatAM pharatAM aDhI mahine zikAgA zaheramAM AvIne UbhA rahyo. enAM samRddhi ane doDadhAma Azraya cakita thaIne te joI rahyo. mAhitI khAtAmAM khabara karI tA jANyu ke pariSada bharAvAne hajI khe mahinAnI vAra che. vizeSa jANyuM ke pratinidhionAM nAma noMdhavAnA samaya vItI gayA che, ane kAI saMsthA taraphathI mokalAyela na hoya tevI kaI vyakti pratinidhi thaI zake nahi. paNa nirAza thAya e vivekAnaMda nahi. bhagavA jhabhbhA, pheTA ane temAM temanA bhavya deha saunuM dhyAna kheMcatA. baeNsTanamAM prA. rAITa temane maLI gayA. temaNe vizvadhama pariSadamAM vivekAnaMdanI hAjarI

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svAmI vivekAnaMda 97 mATe vyavasthA karI. bosTanathI zikAgonI TikiTa kaDhAvI ApI. TreIna meDI pahoMcI. kyAM javuM tenI khabara na hatI. keI mArga batAve nahi. rAtre sTezana para paDI rahyA. savAre UThayA. zaheramAM bhamyA paNa koI madada kare nahi. ane thAkIne rastA para besI gayA. paNa Izvarane saMta hato ja ke A saMnyAsIe vizvadharma pariSadamAM javuM. eka bhalI bAI maLI. teNe temane gharamAM lAvyA. tyAM snAna karyuM ane chevaTe pariSadamAM teo hAjara thayA. judA judA dharmanA pratinidhio vacce sthAna lIdhuM. bhAratamAMthI brahmosamAjanA pratApacaMda majhumadAra hatA, thiyesephisTa cakravatI hatA, buddha dharmane dharamapAla hatA, jenA dharmanA vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI hatA ane e badhAnI vacce, koIne pratinidhi nahi evo A yuvAna saMnyAsI hatA. ane zuM thayuM ? romA rolAMnA zabdomAM kahuM te : " The unknown of yesterday, the beggar, the man despised for his colour by a world, wherein the dregs of more than half a dozen of the peoples of the world meet, at first glance, was to impose his sovereign genius."--"duniyAnA aradhA dezonA lekene utAra jyAM bhegA thAya che ane jyAM kALA raMga sAme sUga che evA A sthaLamAM gaI kAla sudhI jene kaI jANatuM nahotuM e eka bhikSuka, cAmaDInA raMganA kAraNe tiraskRta evA A mAnavI potAnI tejasvI pratibhA vaDe pariSadamAM ekaThA thayelA lokone prathama darzane ja abhibhUta karavAne hatA, AMjI nAkhavAne hatA." '. AvI mahAna pariSada samakSa prathama vAra teNe bolavAnuM hatuM. aMtaramAM khaLabhaLATa hato. eka pachI eka pratinidhi UThI, potAnI oLakhANa Ape ane vidvattAbharyuM bhASaNa kare. Ama, lagabhaga Akho divasa vItI gayo ane aMte A saMnyAsI UDyo. teNe kaI teyArI karI na hatI. koI bhASaNa lakhyuM na hatuM, paNa "Hardly had he pronounced the very simple Opening words Sisters and Brothers of America' hundreds arose in their seats and applauded."- ""amerikAnAM bhAIo ane bahene" eTalA ja zabda teNe uccAryA ke tarata ja seMkaDo sabhAjane pitAnI beThaka uparathI UbhA thaI gayA, ane tene vadhAvI lIdho." ta. a. 7

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98 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA ane pachI dhodha vahyo enI vANInA, enA aMtarAtmAnA nAdanA.. His speech was a tongue of flame - tenI vANImAM Aga bharI hatI. dareka pratinidhi pAMDityabharyuM bhASaNa kare. potAnA dhama zreSTha che te dharma mAraphata ja meAkSa maLe, potAne! Izvara ja manuSyanA uddAra kare che ema puravAra karavA prayatna kare. A saMnyAsIe khulaMda avAje pAkAyu ke Izvarane pAMcavAnA ghaNA mArgo che ane dareka mArga IzvaranA darakhAramAM laI jAya che. vizvadhama pariSadamAM sAcA vizvadha tA-mAnavadha tAsa deza A eka pratinidhie ApyA ane pariSada sArthaka karI. pachI tA temaNe pariSadamAM ane pariSadanA vividha vibhAgomAM 8-10 khInna vyAkhyAne hiMdu dharma, vedAMta vagere viSayo upara ApI saune maMtramugdha karyAM. janatA je bhASA samaje te bhASAmAM dharmanA sAcA sadeza bhAratanA A pratinidhie amerikAne Apyo. pariSadanI pUrNAhuti pachI amerikAmAM e lagabhaga ya rahyA. rAjayoga, kama yAga, bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, vedAMta, hiMdu dharmo vagere viSayo upara vyAkhyAna ApyAM. velTa vhiTamena, emasana ane therAnA amerikAmAM pUrva tA A saMdeza jhIlavA keTalAka sAcA jijJAsu jIvA hatA, tema keTalAka kutUhalathI AkarSAyelA paNa hatA. rAjayogathI zarIrasaudaya vadhe che tema jANI sauMdarya - dhAmAnI keTalIka suMdarIo paNa rAjayoganI abhyAsI thavA taiyAra thai. AvA daMbha pratye vivekAnaMdanA rASa UtaryAM. pachI yurApamAM iMglaeNnDa, phrAnsa, jarmanI vagere sthaLAe pravAsa karI tyAM mesamulara, DAyasana jevA paurvAtya vidrAnA ne maLyA, temaja vaidAMta ane tattvajJAna upara vyAkhyAne ApyAM. cAra varSanA pravAsa pUrA karI svAmIjI svadeza pAchA pharyA tyAre temanA dezabAMdhavAe temanuM bhavya svAgata karyu. gurubhAio maLyA ane bhaviSyanA kArya nI vicAraNA karI. 1897nA me mAsamAM rAmakRSNe pzinanI sthApanA karI. be varSa pachI phIthI lagabhaga deDha varSa yurApanA pravAsa karyAM. zArIrika zaktine je apnalita vyaya karyAM hatA tethI zarIra bhAMgyuM ane pharIthI temanAmAM zAMtinI jhaMkhanA jAgI. vivekAnaMda pokArI UThayAH " Pray for me that my work stops for ever, and my whole soul be absorbed in the Mother." - " mArA mATe prArthanA karI ke mAru kAma haMmezane mATe samApta thAya, ane mArA AtmA mAtAmAM samAI jAya.' deza pAchA pharyA pachI paNa satata kAmamAM rokAyA ane mizananuM kAma ane gurubhAIne mAga darzAna ApatA rahyA. 4 thI julAI 1902te divase praphulla citte UThayA, traNa kalAka

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svAmI vivekAnaMda 99 dhyAna dharyuM. divasanuM kA" kayuM. sAMje sAta vAge AratI samaye pharIthI samAdhimAM beThA ane eka kalAkane a Mte dIdhe zvAsa laI, 39 varSanI vaye potAnuM jIvanakArya pUruM karI cira zAMtimAM ADhayA. svAmI vivekAnaMde bhAratavarSane ane jagatane saMdeza ApyA te ze hatA ? TraMkamAM emanA peAtAnA zabdomAM ja e rajU karIza. temaNe kahyuM che; "mArA Adarzo huM thADA ja zabdomAM rajU karI zakuM chuM. mAnavamAtrane enA divya svarUpanuM bhAna karAvavu ane jIvananI pratyeka kriyAmAM e svarUpane mUta karAvatAM rahevuM. muktinI mane kAI jhaMkhanA nathI. zAMta jharaNAnI jema lAkahitArthe kAma karatAM karatAM agara hAra vAra janma levA paDe tA bhale levA paDe. e ja che mAre dharyAM. marIza tyAM lagI huM avirata kAma karatA rahIza ane mRtyu pachI paNa jahitArthe pravRtta rahIza." mAnavInuM a aMtima dhyeya, sava dharmAMtA cheDA tA eka ja che- paramAtmA sAthenuM tAdAtmya, divya tattva ke je dareka mAnavInI asala prakRti che tenI sAthe subhaga samAgama. janasamAjamAMthI eka vAra dharmAM khaseDI laIe tA pachI raheze zuM ? rAnI pazuothI bhareluM jaMgala ja raheze. indriyasukha e janasamAjanuM dhyeya nathI. jIvananuM dhyeya che jJAna. paNa A dhyeya siddha kema thAya ? nivRttimaya jIvanathI. svAmI vivekAna de kahyuM, " IzvaranI upAsanA, janakalyANanAM kAryAMthI thaI zake che. IzvaranI khojamAM tamAre kayAM javuM che ! je dIna che, daridra che, je apaMga che te sahu bhagavAna nathI zuM ? mArA izvara e che je duSTAmAM che, je ka gALAmAM che, je sava jAtinA ane prANImAtranA daridromAM rahelA che - e ja mArA ArAdhya deva che." svAmI vivekAnada mahAna ka yAgI hatA. temaNe saMnyAsadharma ne navuM svarUpa ApyuM ane saMnyAsa mAraphata janakalyANute mA batAvyA. aparigraha ane brahmacaryanAM tratAne svIkArI jJAna ane mAnavasevAmAM avirata jIvana samarpaNa karatA zikSita saMnyAsIne navA va temaNe bhAratane ApyA. temane khIjo saMdeza che sava dhama samabhAvanA, A jagatamAM dhama ne nAme ghaNA kalA thayA che. pAtAnA dhama ja sAthe ane e ja muktine mAga che evA haThAgraha ane jhanUna dharmone lajave che. te dhama' nahi, paNa patha che. svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMse peAtAnA dehamAM sarva dharmAnA sAkSAtkAra karyAM ane temane vArasA vivekAna de jALavI rAkhyA.

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100 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdana svAmIjI parama dezabhakta hatA ane bhAratanA uddhAra mATe temaNe bhagIratha puruSArtha sevyo che. videzathI pAchA pharyA tyAre temaNe kahyuM, "bhArata choDIne huM paradeza gayo tyAre A bhUmi mATe mane prema hatA, ane have jyAre ardhA jagatanA pravAsethI pAcho pharyo chuM tyAre bhAratanI dhULa paNa mAre mana pavitra che." Ama chatAM paNa rAjakAraNathI svAmIjI hamezAM dUra rahyA hatA. - dareka prakAranI nibaLatA-zArIrika, mAnasika, auddhika ane AdhyAtmika-nA svAmIjI kaTTara virodhI hatA. temaNe kahyuM che : "nAstika te che ke jene potAnAmAM vizvAsa nathI. Izvarane na mAne te nAstika, te vAta have jUnI thaI. na dharma zIkhave che ke potAnI jAtamAM jene vizvAsa nathI te ja nAstika che." emane saMdeza eka ja vAkyamAM kahevuM hoya te uSThita jAgrata, prAyavarAnuM nidhata:" 1-2-63

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saMta gADage mahArAja saMta gADage mahArAjane nAme mahArASTramAM vikhyAta thayA temanuM mULa nAma DabujI hatuMamarAvatI jillAnA zaNagAMvamAM 20 phebruArI, 1876ne dine, parITa (bI) kuTuMbamAM temane janma thayo hato. nAnI vaye pitA gujarI jatAM, mA temane laI piyara gayAM. mosALamAM Dhora cAravA, khetInuM kAma karavuM, evI majUrI karatAM sAva nirakSara rahyAM. kuTuMbamAM sArenarae prasaMge devadevIone kUkaDA-bakarA caDAvavA, mAMsa-madirAnuM nivaidya dharavuM, sagA-vahAlAMone AvA padArthonuM sevana karAvavuM vagere rivAjo hatA. garIbAI chatAM lagna thayA. lagabhaga 30 varSanI vaye gRhatyAga karyo. bAra varSa paribhramaNa karyuM. A sAdhaka avasthAmAM avadhUta paDe rahetA cIMtharehAla vastro pahere. leke pAgala gaNatA. A paribhramaNa daramiyAna ghaNe anubhava thayo. UMcanIcenI khAI keTalI UMDI ne pahoLI che te jovuM, garIbane haDadhUta thatAM dIThAM, asapRzyatAne vaLagADa keTalo bhayaMkara che tenI pratIti thaI. zopaNe ghera ghAlyuM che te anubhavyuM. nirakSaratAne kAraNe samAjanA nIcalA tharanI zI avagati thAya che te joyuM. dArU, pazubali, mAMsAhAra vagere aniSTathI lokonAM jIvana barabAda thatAM joyAM. A anubhavamAMthI temanA sevAkAryane janma thayo ane gADage mizananI sthApanA thaI. - bAbA pote nirakSara ane abhaNa. koI dharma ke purANa vAgyAM na hatAM. hRdayamAM bhakti hatI, dayA ane karuNA hatI. sUrIlo kaMTha hatA. tukArAma ane kabIranAM bhajano kaMThastha hatAM. ekatAro laI bAbA kItane karatA. gAmaDe gAmaDe ghUmatA, hajAro mANaso bhegA thatA. bAbAe lekine devadevIonI vAta kahI nathI ke mokSane mArga batAvyuM nathI. balake dharma ane devane nAme cAlatAM dhatiMgomAMthI lekene bacAvavA prayatna karyA. koI camatkAra karyA nathI, karavAne dAvo karyo nathI. pRthvI para

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102 taravavicAra ane abhivaMdanA mAnavajIvana sukhamaya kema thAya tene mArga cIMdhyo. mANasAI, dayA, ahiMsA, ane premane dharma samajAvyA. paththaranI mUrtionI pUjAthI ke tIrthayAtrAo karavAthI dharma nathI thato. paMDharapura jevA pavitra dhAmanI yAtrAe gayA, chatAM maMdiramAM praveza na karyo. viThobAnA darzana karyA, paNa bahAra jhADu laI sAphasUpha pharI. bAbAe garIba ane abhaNa lokone aMdhazraddhA tathA beTA rIta-rivAjomAMthI temaja aniSTa paraMparAo ane mAnyatAomAMthI mukta karyA. bhUkhyAne anna, gharabAravihoNane Azaro ane nirvastrane vastra ApyAM. prANImAtra pratye dayAbhAva dAkhavyA. dArUmAMsamAMthI vyasanamukti karAvI, ayzyatAnivAraNane upadeza Apyo ane devadevIone dharAtA pazubaline sakhata virodha karyo. zarIrazrama, atyaMta sAdAI ane IzvarabhaktinI preraNA ApI. gADage mizananAM aneka vRddhAzrama, annakSetro, chokarA-chokarIo mATe chAtrAlaya, prAthamika, AdhyAtmika ane bejhika zALAo, dharmazALAo vagere saMsthAo cAle che. * tA. 20 Disembara, 1956 nA ja bAbAnuM avasAna thayuM. gADage mahArAjanA jIvananI A TUMkI nedha. tA. 8-11-1956 ne divase vAMdarA polIsa sTezana khAte satyanArAyaNanI pUjA yojAyela hatI. bAbAnI tabiyata narama hatI. ghaNA AgrahathI bAbAe kIrtana karyuM. te pravacanane sAra lakarAjyanA jAnyuArInA aMkamAM prakaTa thayo hato. te te vAMcI huM prabhAvita thayo. A eka ja pravacanamAM temanA jIvananI ane upadezanI sArI jhAMkhI thAya che. bhASA saMskArI na kahevAya, paNa hRdayasoMsarI UtarI jAya evI taLapadI ane anubhavanI. tA. 16-2-79

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21 gurudeva TAgora kavisamrATa ravIndranAtha TAgoranA avasAnathI bhAratavaSe ja nahi, jagate eka mahAna vibhUti gumAvI. teo te paripakava vaye kRtakRtya thaIne gayA ane jagatane aNamola vAraso ApI gayA. TAgorane sAkSAta joyA na hatA te pUrvanA ApaNuM RSimunio vedavyAsa, vAlmIki, vasiSTha vagere kevA haze tenI kalpanA ApaNane AvI na zakta - jema gAMdhIne jayA na hoya te bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha, krAIsTa kevA haze tenI kalpanA ApaNane na Ave. TAgora kharekhara RSi hatA. temanA virATa AtmAne anurUpa bhagavAne temane bhavya ane dedIpyamAna deha Apyo hato. TAgora bhAratane mUrtimaMta AtmA hatA. Arya saMskRtinA sAcA pratinidhi hatA. romA rolAe TAgora ane gAMdhIjIne bhAratanI gaMgA-yamunA sAthe sarakhAvyA che. gAMdhIjImAM bhAratavarSanI vItarAgatA ane karmavega mUrtimaMta thayAM hatAM. TAgoramAM Arya saMskRtinuM samasta kAvya, tenI rasikatA, saMskAritAM ane unnata dharmabhAvanA mUrtimaMta thayAM hatAM. gAMdhIjI ane TAgoranI sAdhanA judI hatI, paNa baMnenuM dhyeya eka ja hatuM, kAraNa ke baMne eka ja saMskRtinA sAcA vArasadAra hatA. gAMdhIjIe TAgorane gurudeva' kahyA temAM jarAya atizayokti nathI. bhAratanA ane jagatanA sAcA gurudeva te hatA. ' ' TAgora jagatanA eka sarvazreSTha kavi hatA teTaluM kahevAthI temane sAco khyAla ApaNane bhAgye ja Ave. emaNe uttama kavitA lakhI eTaluM ja temanAmAM hatA te samasta jagata temane je bhAvabharI ane bhaktibharapUra nivAmAM jali apI che te atizayokti gaNAta, kavine sAco artha draSTA che. ApaNane agamya ane agocara che tene kavine anubhava che ane ApaNane tene anubhava te karAve che. ravIndranAtha draSTA hatA. TAgorakuTuMbanA sikAonA saMskAro temane vArasAmAM maLyA hatA. TAgorakuTuMbe bhAratane zuM nathI ApyuM ? maharSi devendranAtha jevA samartha tattvajJa ane sudhAraka, avanIndranAtha TAgora jevA mahAna kaLAkAra TAgorakuTuMbamAM thaI gayA. ravIndranAthe "sAdhanA'nI prastAvanAmAM kahyuM che ke "huM eka evA kuTuMbamAM Ucharyo chuM ke jyAM upaniSadanA maMtro

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104 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA . hamezAM pUjA samaye gUMjI rahetA; jyAM mArI samIpa mArA pitAzrInuM daSTAMta hatuM ke jemaNe potAnuM lAMbuM AyuSya satata IzvaranA sAnidhyamAM vitAvyuM ane chatAM saMsAra pratyenI potAnI pharajamAM cUkyA nahi athavA mAnavahitamAM pitAne rasa jarAya ochA thavA dIdho nahIM." Arya saMskRtinAM uttama ta ravIndranAthanA jIvanamAM tANAvANAnI peThe vaNAI gayA hatA. "dhamapada"nI prastAvanAmAM bhAratavarSanA ItihAsa vize lakhatAM ravIndranAthe kahe che: "bhAratavaSe je kadI eka rASTra-nezana banavAne prayatna karyo hota to tenA itihAsa mATe sArA ane moTAM meTAM sAdhana maLI zakata ane itihAsakArenuM kAma ghaNe darajaje saheluM thAta. paraMtu Ama kahevAmAM ame kabUla nathI karI letA ke bhAratavarSa pitAnA bhUtane ane bhavivyane amuka eka sUtrathI gUMthI rAkhyuM nathI. te sthULa rUpe dekhI zakAtuM nathI. teNe sarvatra bheda vinAnI ekatA sthApI che evuM nathI, paraMtu sadhaLA bhedamAM ane asamAnatAmAM UMDe UMDe eka mUlagata apratyakSa saMbaMdhasUtra teNe bAMdhI rAkhyuM che. tethI mahAbhAratamAM varNaveluM bhArata ane vartamAna bhArata judI judI ane mahattvanI bAbatamAM bhinna hovA chatAM ubhayanI nADIne saMbaMdha tUTayo nathI. te saMbaMdha ja bhAratavarSanI bIjI sarva bAbate karatAM sAco che ane te saMbaMdhane ItihAsa te ja bhAratavarSane yathArtha ItihAsa che. te saMbaMdha zAne laIne che? pahelAM ja kahI gayA, ke rASTrIya svArthane laIne nathI. eka ja. zabdamAM kahevuM hoya te kahI zakAya ke dharmane laIne che. "poliTikasa' ane nezanane ItihAsa jema yuropane itihAsa che temaja "dharmane itihAsa te ja bhAratavarSane itihAsa che. "pAliTiksa ane nezana' e zabdone ke tenI bhAvanAne jema ApaNI bhASAmAM anuvAda thaI zakato nathI, tema "dharma" zabda mATe yogya zabda yuropanI bhASAomAM zo jaDato nathI. tethI ja dharmane aMgrejI "rilIjiyana rUpe mAnavAmAM ApaNe aneka vAra gothAM khAie chIe, temaja dharmanI bhAvanAmAM ekatA che e vacana spaSTa samajAtuM nathI." e ja prastAvanAmAM teo kahe che ke tatvajJAnanI daSTie AtmA-anebhAne vicAra karanArA bhinna saMpradAye bhAratamAM che, paNa te darekanI sAdhanAjIvanasAdhanA-te eka ja rahI che ane te che tapa, tyAga ane saMyamanI. * rAmAyaNanI prastAvanAmAM temaNe kahyuM che : "rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratamAM bhAratavarSane cirakAlane ItihAsa che. anya ItihAsa kALe kALe badalAyA che,

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gurudeva TAgora 105 paNa A ItihAsa badalAyo nathI. bhAratavarSanI je sAdhanA, je ArAdhanA ane je saMkalpa che tene ja itihAsa Abe vipula kAvyaprasAdamAM cirakAlanAM siMhAsana upara birAjamAna che." rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata e bhAratanA samasta janasamUhanI kathA che. bhAratavarSa rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratamAM pitAnI kaI bAbata prakaTa karavI bAkI rAkhI nathI. tethI ja e baMne mahAkAvyomAM mAtra kavine ja nahi paNa bhAratavarSane paricaya thAya che. rAmAyaNanA anugrupa chaMdamAM bhAratavarSanuM hRdaya sahastra varSa thayAM dhabakI rahyuM che. ' bhAratavarSane AtmA jema rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratamAM che tema upaniSadamAM paNa che. ravIndranAthe upaniSadanA maMtro koI tattvajJAnI paMDita ke vivecakanI daSTie nihALyA nathI. tamane te temAM jIvananAM uccatama satyane anubhava thayo che. sAdhanA ne tamane lekhasaMgraha vAMcavAthI A kathananI saheje pratIti thaze. tattvajJAnI ke vivecakane je arthagAMbhIrya ane satya upaniSadomAMthI na maLe te ravIndranAthe jAta-anubhavathI temAM joyuM che. upaniSadanA eka eka maMtra laIne tenuM addabhuta satya ApaNane batAvyuM che. dAkhalA tarIke, jagatamAM duHkha che, pApa che, aniSTa che tenI samAlocanA karatAM ravIndranAtha kahe cheH "paraMtu kharo prazna ApaNe pUchavuM joIe te e che ke, apUrNatA e sRSTinuM aMtima satya che kharuM ? zuM pApa nirapekSa hoI chevaTanuM lakSya che ? nadIne paNa tenI sImA tathA tenA kinArA hoya che paraMtu kinArAne kAMI nadI kahevAze athavA to nadInuM aMtima satya tenA kinArAomAM samAyeluM che ema kahI zakAze kharuM ? saritAnA pravAhane naDatA aMtarAyo ja tenA jaLane AgaLa vahevAnI gati ApatA nathI ke ? vaLI nAvaDIne pravAhamAM kheMcavAnuM deraDuM tenI sAthe bAMdhavAmAM Ave cheparaMtu tethI te baMdhana hAnikAraka che ema mAnavuM kharuM gaNAze ? e baMdhana vaDe nAvaDI AgaLa kheMcAtI nathI vAra? saritAnI peThe vRSTinuM astitva paNa na hatA. paraMtu e pravAhane hetu tenI sImAomAM nahi paraMtu pUrNatA pratye tenI gatimAM samAyelo che. "pApa sthAyI che - te gati vinAnuM che eka ja sthaLe thaMbhI rahyuM che-evuM kalpIne ApaNe tenI agatya vadhArI mUkIe chIe. sRSTimAM dareka miniTa thatA maraNanA tathA gaMdakInA pariNAme utpanna thatI jherI kahevAnI gaNatarInA AMkaDA bhegA karIe te ApaNe habakI jaIzuM. paraMtu pApa hamezAM gatimAna 'ya che. te game teTaluM apAra ane agaNita lAge chatAM ApaNuM jIvananA

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106 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA chIe paNa kharA, ke sarve tathA havA mANasane maLI zake che." pravAhane rUdhI nAkhavAmAM te kadI saphaLa thaI zakatuM nathI ane ApaNe joIe aniSTa hovA chatAM suMdara ane zuddha pRthvI, pANI jagatamAM duHkha, pApa, asatya, hiMsA, verajhera vagere che tene ravIndranAtha inkAra nathI karatA, paNa te badhAM jIvananAM aMtima satyA nathI tema temanu kahevuM che. a Mtima satya tA maMgaLamaya prema che, AnaMda che, zAnti che. IzvaramAM temane gAMdhIjI peThe pUrNa zraddhA hatI. jagatamAM a Mte satyano ja vijaya che, premane ja vijaya che temAM temane kAI zakA na hatI. tethI ja, saMskRta sAhitya peThe temanI kAI kRti karuNAnta nathI. sAhitya. athavA kalAnI kRti jIvananu satya raju kare che tethI te karuNAnta na ja hoya. karuNAnta kRti eTale du:kha, pApa ane asatyane vijaya. tene a Mtima satya tarIke svIkAravuM - saMskRta kavie peThe - ravIndranAthane e mAnya nathI, ravIndranAtha sAcA bhakta hatA. temanAM kAvyeza bhaktirasathI bharapUra che. ravIndranAthe jema rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ane upaniSadAmAM rahela bhAratane AtmA ApaNane potAnA anubhavathI samajAvyA tevI ja rIte bhAratanA sAhityane sAcA AtmA paNa samajAvyA che. kAlidAsa ke khANabhaTTanA TIkAkAro dhaNA thaI gayA paNa ravIndranAtha peThe temanuM hArda kAI kavi samA nathI tema kahevAmAM jarAya atizayAkti nathI. ravIndranAthanA A hRdaye A dRSTie saMskRta sAhitya joyuM ane saMskRta kavinuM hRdaya kevuM che, hindustAnanA itihAsa kayA puruSA laI kheThA che e baMdhu batAvI dIdhu. 'meghadUta ', ' kumArasaMbhava ', ' zAkuntala ' ane ' kAdambarI' uparanA temanA lekhA adbhuta che. kAlidAsa saundaryaM saMbhAganA ja kavi che evI sAmAnya mAnyatA che. ravIndranAthe batAvyuM che ke kAlidAsanA saundarya mAM bhAgavairAgya sthira raheleA che. kAlidAsa ekasAthe saundraya bhAganA ane bhAgaviratinA kavi che. jagatanA kAI kavie je nathI karyu te kAlidAse karyu che - lagnanA mahimA gAyo che. ravIndranAtha lakhe che: - 66 lagna e dainika saMsAranI bhUmikA che. te niyamabaddha samAjanuM aMga che. lagnanuM sIdhuM lakSya kevaLa eTaluM ja che ke manuSyanI prabaLa vRttine aMkuzamAM rAkhavAne eka bhAre sayamarUpa te ane tethI atyAranA kavie lagnavyApArane temanAM kAvyamAM moTuM rUpa ApavA icchatA nathI. je prema uddAma vegathI naranArIne temanAM cAmeranAM khadhAmAMthI mukta karI nAkhe, temane sa'sAranA lAMkhA kALanA cIlAmAMthI upADI bahAra kADhe, je premanA khaLe naranArI pAtAmAM

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gurudeva TAgera. 107 potAne paripUrNa dhAre, ema dhAre ke sArI Alama sAme thaI jAya te paNa amane kAMI bhaya nathI, kAMI abhAva nathI; je premanA dezamAM teo potAnA maMDaLathI chUTAM paDI jaI pUravegamAM saDasaDATa cAlyA jatA grahanI mAphaka pitAnA taraphanAM baMdhanamAMthI mukta thaI potAnAmAM ja masta thaI rahe-te prema mukhyatve kAvyane viSaya hoya che. kAlidAse anADUta premanA te unmatta saundaryanI upekSA karI nathI. tene temaNe taruNa lAvaNyanA ujajvala raMge ja cItaryo che. paraMtu A ati ujajavalatAmAM ja temaNe pitAne kAvyane samApta karyuM nathI. je prazAnta viralavaNuM pariNAma tarapha teo potAnA kAvyane pahoMcADe che, tyAM ja temanA kAvyanuM aMtima lakSya che. mahAbhAratamAM sakaLa pravRttine jema mahAprasthAnamAM anna Avyo che, tema ja kumArasaMbhava nA samasta premane joza maMgaLa milanamAM ja zamI jAya che." - ravIndranAthe mAtra bhAratane AtmA pichAne ane ApaNane batAvyo eTaluM ja nathI. atyAranA hindu samAjamAM jyAM jyAM temane jaDatA, sthiticustatA ane asahiSNutA jaNAI tene temaNe sakhata rIte vakhoDI che ane tene ApaNuM avanatinA kAraNarUpa batAvI che. temanI navalakathA "gorA" ane nATaka "acalAyatana'mAM suMdara rIte A vastu raju karI che. ravIndranAtha samartha sudhAraka hatA. rAjA rAmamohana rAyanA samayathI, hindu samAjanuM saMskaraNa thavuM joIe te bhAvanA, temanA kuTuMbamAM daDha hatI. ravIndranAthanuM sAhityasarjane bhavya ane vizALa che. jagatanA koI paNa sAhityanI pahelI paMktimAM temanuM sthAna che. kAlidAsanAM "kumArasaMbhava" ke "zAkuntala'nI uttamatA batAvIne ja ravIndranAtha besI rahyA nathI. tenI barobarI, kare tevAM sajane ravIndranAthe jagatane ApyAM che. "zAkuntala'nA sAta aMkomAM kAlidAse je batAvyuM te ravIndranAthe emanA nAnA nATaka "citrAMgadA'mAM batAvyuM che. temanI navalakathAo - "gharebAhire', "gorA', "naukA DUbI', kheravAlI" - jagatasAhityanAM prathama paMktinAM sabaMne che. mAnavInA sanAtana bhAnuM temAM nirUpaNa che. sAhityanuM kaI aMga evuM nathI ke jene ravIndranAthe zobhAvyuM na hoya. kAvya, nATaka, TUMkI vArtA, saMvAda, gadya - darekamAM ravIndranAthe jagatane aNamela vastuo ApI che. temanuM bhASAprabhutva, bhASAlAlitya eTalAM ja addabhuta hatAM. A lekhamAM TAMkela keTalAka phakarAo tene Acho khyAla Ape che.

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108 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA temanAM kAvyo vize lakhavAnI mArI lAyakAta ke zakti nathI. jeo kAvyanuM saMgIta na jANatA hoya temane tenuM hArda kadAca barAbara na samajAya. ravIndranAtha kavi athavA sudhAraka hatA teTaluM ja nathI. zikSaNanA kSetra tamane maulika phALe che ane potAnA siddhAMta mujaba zikSaNanA prayoga pAchaLa pitAnI jiMdagIne ghaNo samaya ane zakti temaNe ApyAM che. bhAratanI Ama janatAnuM hita sadAya tamane haiye hatuM ane temanuM zrIniketane tene purAvo che. ravIndranAthane mAnavaprema vizALa ane baMdhanarahita hatuM. vizvabaMdhutvanI temanI bhAvanA utkaTa hatI. "eziyAvAsIo mATe eziyAnA japAnI siddhAMtane temaNe prabaLa virodha karyo hato. vizvabaMdhutvanI bhAvanA che. bhAratanA svAtaMtrya mATe temanI eTalI ja utkaTa ane prabaLa jhaMkhanA hatI. briTana pratyene prema ocho na hatA, chatAM briTane bhAratane karela anyAya sauthI vadhAre tamane sAlatA. misa rathanane maraNazayyA parathI paNa chelle chelle temaNe javAba A te suvidita che. bhAratavarSamATe temane prema kaIne karatAM Utare te na hatA, chatAya bhAratavarSanI svataMtrane nAme asatya, ahiMsA ke adharmane jarAya sahana karavA teo tayAra na hatA. gharebAhire mAM temaNe kahyuM che : "dezanI sevA karavA huM taiyAra chuM, paNa huM vaMdana te satyane ja karIza, je deza karatAM khUba uMce Asane virAjamAna che. dezane je huM deva mAnIne vaMdana karuM, te dezanuM satyAnAza vALyuM gaNAya... dezane devatA gaNAvIne tame jyAre anyAyane kartavya ane adharmane puNya tarIke calAvI levA mAge che, tyAre mArA hRdayane AdhAta thAya che, mATe ja huM sthira rahI zakatA nathI. dezathI paNa ucca sthAne dhama raheluM che evuM jeo mAnatA nathI teo, huM kahuM chuM ke, dezane paNa mAnatA nathI. je taruNa yuvake dezanA kAme vaLagavA tayAra che temane zarUAtathI ja nazAnI Teva pADavAnA kAmamAM mAro lagAre hAtha na hoya ema huM IcchuM chuM. maMtrathI bheLavIne jeo kAma hAMsala karavA mAge che teo kAmanI ja kiMmata vadhAre AMke che. je mANasanA manane bheLave che, tenA mananI kiMmata temane kazI ja nathI. A pramattatAmAMthI je dezane ApaNe bacAvI na zakIe to dezanI pUjA e ja dezanuM viSanevedya banI jaze ane dezanuM kArya vimukha brahmAstranI mAphaka AvIne dezanA haiyAmAM vAgaze." 1907 mAM ravIndranAthe A bAMga pokArI hatI ane dezane cetavyA hatA. ravIndranAthe ApaNane zuM nathI ApyuM che temane lAyaka ApaNe kayAre thaIzuM? 15-8-41

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banDa rasela banDa rasele pitAnA jIvananA preraka baLA temanI AtmakathAmAM A pramANe jaNAvyAM cheH - "mArA jIvanamAM traNa preraNAonuM prabhutva rahyuM che. e preraNAo Ama te sAva sAdI ane sarvasAmAnya che; paraMtu mArA jIvanamAM e preraNAo. atizaya prabaLa rahI che. e traNa preraNAo che: premane talasATa, jJAnanI kheja ane mAnavajAtanAM duHkha mATe asahya karuNa. A preraNAoe mane kyAMya TharIThAma thaIne besavA dIdhuM nathI. emaNe mane yAtanAonA UMDA sAgara upara phaMgoLyo che, ne kyAreka hatAzAnI bilakula aNI sudhI pahoMcADyo che. prema mATe huM talasyo, kAraNa ke te AnaMdollAsathI ApaNane sabhara banAvI mUke che. evo prabaLa AnaMdalAsa ke premanA AnaMdabharyA thoDAka kalAko sAru huM mArI bAkInI badhI jiMdagI nyochAvara karI devA paNa taiyAra thAuM. prema mATe huM talasyo, kAraNa ke te ApaNane ekalavAyApaNAmAMthI mukta kare che - evuM bhayaMkara ekAkIpaNuM ke jemAM eka thatharatI cetanA duniyAnI kora uparathI ThaMDI atAga cetanahIna gartAmAM vekiyuM karatI hoya. prema mATe huM tala, kAraNa ke premabharyA milanamAM meM saMtA ne kavioe kapelA svarganI eka agamya vAmana svarUpamAM jhAMkhI karI. AvA premane meM talasATa anubhavyo, ane mAvajIvana mATe je ke vadhu paDatuM kahevAya chatAM kahyuM ke A prema huM Akhare pAmyA. - "ATalI ja prabaLa lAgaNI sAthe me jJAnanI khoja karI che. meM mANasonAM hRdaya samajavAnI IcchA sevI che. meM tArAo camake che zA mATe e jANavAnI IcchA sevI che. satata gatizIla aNumaMDaLa upara aMkanuM prabhutva sthApatI pAyathAgorasanI zaktine tAga pAmavA paNa huM mA chuM. AmAMthI bahu nahi, kiMcita mAtra huM pAmI zakyo chuM.

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tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA " prema ane jJAna, jyAM sudhI zakya banyAM tyAM sudhI mane upara svaga bhaNI laI gayAM. paraMtu karuNAe mane haMmezAM pRthvI upara pAchA ANyo che. mAnavajAtanA duHkha-darda bharyA citkAronA paDaghA mArA hRdayamAM paDayA kare che. dukALane lIdhe bhUkhe maratAM khALA, julamagArAnA sitamaneA bhAga banela mAnavI, pAtAnA saMtAneA mATe dhRNAspada khAjArUpa banela asahAya vRddho ane temanAM ekalavAyApaNA, garIkhI temaja yAtanAonI AkhI laMgAra mAnavajIvananA AdarzanI hAMsI uDAvI rahI che. A aniSTane ochuM karavAM huM mathuM chuM, paNa huM karI zakatA nathI, ane huM pote ca yAtanAe anubhavuM chuM. 110 " mAruM jIvana AvuM rahyuM che. mane te jIvavA jevuM lAgyuM che ane mane taka ApavAmAM Ave tA hu khuzIthI te pharIthI jIvu...." lagabhaga 40 varSanI uMmara sudhI tattvajJAna, gaNita, tarkazAstra, mAnasazAstra, vijJAna vagere viSayAmAM jJAnanI zodhamAM jIvana vitAvyuM. prathama vizvayuddhe temanA jIvanamAM moTA palaTA ANyo. zuSka jJAnanuM kSetra cheDI, sAmAjika ane rAjakIya kSetramAM jhaMpalAvyuM. paNa A jIvanaparivartana kAI sattA ke kIrtinI jha MkhanAthI na hatuM. temanA jIvananuM bIjuM preraka baLa hatuM mAnavajAtanA du:khathI thatI asahya vedanA. e khaLe temane mAnavajIvananI vAstavikatAnuM bhAna karAvyuM. jJAnanI upAsanA sAMsArika kaThAratAthI dUra rahI, ekAntamAM - bhavya - jANe svargamAM vicaratA hoya e rIte karI. prathama vizvayuddhathI mAnavasvabhAva vize temanA vicAre maMdalAyA. mAnavI parasparanA saMhAramAM rAce ane vinAza notare e temanI kalpanAmAM tyAM sudhI na hatuM. mAnavI prema, karuNA, satya, sauMdaya nA upAsaka che. paNa te sAthe tenAmAM ATalI hade, potAne sAce svA` bhUlIne paNa, vinAzavRtti hoya te navuM darzIna hatuM. rasela yuddhanA kaTTara virodhI banyA ane yuddha sAme temaNe moTI pracArajhuMbeza upADI. potAnA vidvAna mitrA paNa aMte pharI beThA ane yuddhamAM joDAyA. paNa rasela chevaTa sudhI yuddhanA virodhI rahyA, ghaNuM sahana karyu, jela gayA ane ekalA chatAM nIDarapaNe makkama rahyA. yuddha pUruM thayuM tyAre rasela lakhe cheH " mane jaNAyuM ke mArA potAnA (utkRSa`) sivAya meM je kaMI karyu... hatuM te kAca niSphaLa gayuM. eka paNa mANasane huM bacAvI zakayo na hatA, eka kSaNa paNa yuddhane TrakAvI zakayo na hatA. chevaTanI saMdhi - vaselsanI - thaI

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banDa rasela 111 tenAthI utpanna thatI kaDavAzane ochI karI zakyo nahi. paNa eTaluM te thayuM ke yuddhamAM joDAyela prajAonA atyAcAromAM meM kAMI sAtha Apyo nahi ane mane eka navI jIvanaMdaSTi ane navajIvana prApta thayuM." cAra varSanA AvA avirata prayatna pachI paNa dekhItI rIte zUnya pariNAma AvyuM tethI rasela jarA paNa nirAza na thayA. paNa tyArapachInAM pacAsa varSamAM anyAya ane atyAcAra sAme vadhAre jorathI jhUmyA. - rasela prakhara buddhizALI ane prANavAna mAnavI hatA. sAmAjika anyAya ane asamAnatAe temane asahya thaI paDatAM. vyakti svAtaMtrya ane mAnava jIvanane sarvatomukhI vikAsa teo icchatA. tethI sAmrAjyavAdanA virodhI hatA. samAjavAdanA himAyatI hovA chatAM, mAnavavikAsane rUMdhatAM baMdhana ane rAjakIya paddhationA sakhata virodhI hatA. prathama vizvayuddhane aMte raziyAmAM kriAMti thaI ane jhArazAhIne nAza thayo tene AvakArI, paNa 1920mAM raziyA gayA ane tyAM je joyuM tethI bhAre nirAza thayA. bolazevijhamanI kUratA, mAnava pratyenI napharata, jhArazAhIne paNa vaTAvI jAya tevA atyAcAra jaI teo kaMpI UThayA. leninamAM temane evI buddhipratibhA ke mAnavaprema dekhAyAM nahi. bake leninanI ThaMDI kUratAMthI vedanA anubhavI. sAmyavAdanI vAstaviktA joI, tenA AdarzothI aMjAyA nahi. . - nAjhIvAda ane phAsIvAda-hiTalara ane musolinI-ne udaya thayo tyAre tenA paNa eTalA ja sakhata virodhI rahyA. eTalI hada sudhI ke yuddhavirodhI hevA chatAM, bIjA vizvayuddhane prathama vizvayuddha jeTale virodha na karyo. nAjhIvAdane ane phAsIvAdane vijaya thAya te temane mana asahya hatuM. vizvadaSTi hovA chatAM, dezaprema paNa hato ane iMgleMDane vinAza thAya te temane akaya hatuM. A rasela jIvanabhara eka moTA baLavAkhora rahyA. temanA vicAro haMmezAM sAcA hatA evuM nathI. keTalIka vakhata utAvaLiyA, ekapakSI paNa hatA, paNa e badhAnI pAchaLa utkRSTa mAnavaprema ane duniyAnAM duHkha kAMIka ochAM karavAnI prabaLa vRtti hatI. aNubombanI zodha thaI ane hirozimA para tene upayoga thayo tyArathI temanuM zeSa jIvana aNuzastronA virodha ane aNubanA nAza mATe rahyuM - InsTAInanI peThe, A bhayaMkara vinAzaka zastromAM mAnavajAta ane mAnava

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tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA saMskRtine vivaMza te jotA ane tenA upayoga sAme pracaMDa pracAra zarU karyo. vaijJAnikone bhegA karI - puza konpharansa mAraphata khUba pracAra karyo. eTalI hada sudhI ke eka vakhata te evI himAyata karI ke raziyA aNumbanI zodha kare te pahelAM ja amerikAe tenA upara AkramaNa karI raziyAnI zakti harI levI. chevaTa raziyAe aNubomba zodhyo tyAre keTaleka darajaje temanuM valaNa amerikAvirodhI thayuM ane kayubAnI kaTokaTI lakhata kucevane dhanyavAda ApI, keneDI upara doSAropaNa karyuM. evI ja rIte cIne bhArata upara AkramaNa kyuM tyAre, sAva khoTI rIte cInanI taraphadArI karI, paNa A badhAM badalAtAM valaNa pAchaLa temanI prAmANikatA vize koI zaMkAne kAraNa na hatuM. aNuyuddhane temane eTale bhaya hato ke it is better to be red than dead ema mAnatA thayA hatA. premanI zodhamAM temaNe kAMIka udhAmA karyA. cAra vakhata lagna karyA. strIpuruSa-saMbaMdha vizenA temanA vicAro dhaNuM adhUrA - bhUlabharelA hatA. teo ema mAnatA ke pariNIta strI-puruSa keTalAka samaya ADe vyavahAra rAkhe tethI temanI mitratA ke pariNIta jIvanane AMca AvavI na joIe. pariNIta - jIvanamAM vaphAdArInI apekSA rAkhavI vyartha che tema teo mAnatA. paNa pAchaLathI A vicAromAM thoDo phera paDyo hato enuM kAraNa anubhava ane uMmaranI asara heya. chevaTa ema kahetA ke lagna viSaye teo kAMI nizcita kahI zake tema nathI. kAmavikAranI prabaLatA jotAM, temAM satata jAgRti ane saMyamanI jarUra temaNe svIkArI na hatI. phoIDanA vicAroe duniyAne je moTuM nukasAna che tenuM mApa kADhavuM muzkela che. caMcaLa manane bhaTakavA na detAM satata kAbUmAM rAkhavuM joIe, te satyane badale saMyamathI manane hAni pahoMce che te vicAra keTalo vinAzaka che tenuM bhAna mANasane hajI thayuM nathI. raselanI prakhara buddhipratibhA bahumukhI hatI. paNa buddhi upara ja AdhAra rAkhanAra vyakti pUrNa satyane prApta nathI karI zakatI te raselanA jIvanathI dekhAya che. jemAM temane pUchayuM ke tame kayA dharmanA che, tyAre temaNe kahyuM ke ayavAda. jelare Avo koI dharma sAMbhaLyA na hatA. sthApita dharmo ane GHILTE ( Established Church and Priesthood ) 241 242211 rIte ghaNA vicArakoe baLavo pokAryo che, paNa AvA baLavA pachI UMDI ane sAcI dharmabhAvanA na prApta thAya te jIvanastrota retInA raNamAM pANI sukAI jAya; tema karamAI jAya che.

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banDa rasela 113 rasela yuddhavirodhamAM satyAgraha karI jela gayA ane temaNe zAMta moracAo karyo. paNa gAMdhIjInI jIvanadaSTi temane bahu AkarSaka na hatI. gAMdhIjInuM nAma bahu ochuM temaNe uccAryuM che. gAMdhIjImAM saMyama, tapazcaryA ane jIvanasAdhanA hatAM te mAga raselane svIkArya na hatA. jIvanane ullAsa temane joItA hatA. 97 varSanI uMmara sudhI, eka mahAna preraka baLa teo rahyA. temanA sAmAjika ane rAjakIya bAbatonA vicAro kadAca bahu ciraMjIva nahi thAya. tattvajJAna, gaNita, tarkazAstra vagere viSayonA temanA vicAre kadAca vadhAre gaNanApAtra raheze. rasela, vicAra ane kamasamRddha jIvana jIvI gayA. koI paNa vyakti chevaTa jagatanA pravAha upara keTalI kAyamI asara pADI zake che tenA upara tenA jIvananI sArthaktAne AdhAra nathI. paNa pote keTaluM jAgrata, vicArapUrNa, nIDara jIvana jIvyA ane pitAne utkarSa keTale karyo temAM jIvananI sArthakatA che. raselanuM jIvana A rIte dhanya hatuM. 16-ra-00 te. a. 8

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23 gAMdhIjI ane TaoNlsTaoNya gAMdhIjI upara TaoNlsTaoNyanI devI ane keTalI asara thaI che te jANavAnuM sAdhana che mukhyatve gAMdhIjIe te vize je chUTuMvAyu lakhyu che te, ane TaoNlsTaoNya sAthenA temanA keTalAka patravyavahAra. A uparAMta vizeSa mAhitI mArI jANamAM nathI. gAMdhIjI I. 1893mAM dakSiNa AphrikA dAdA abdullAnA kesa mATe gayA, tyAM keTalAka khristI mitroe temanI dharmajijJAsA joI dhArmika pustaka tamane vAMcavA ApyAM. temAM eka pustaka TolsToyanu 'Kingdom of God is Within You' hatuM. A pustaka vize gAMdhIjI lakhe cheH " TaoNlsTaoNyanA * vaiku'Tha tamArA hRdayamAM che' nAmanA pustake mane gheryA. tenI chApa mArA upara bahu UMDI paDI. A pustakanI svata Mtra vicArazailI, tenI prauDha nIti, temAM rahelA satya AgaLa mi. kATse ApelAM badhAM pustakA zuSka lAgyAM." A vakhate gAMdhIjInI uMmara lagabhaga 24 varSanI hatI. te pUrve, 1891mAM berisTara thaI vilAyatathI teo pAchA AvyA tyAre zrImad rAjacaMdranA temane prathama paricaya thayA. A vakhatanI peAtAnI sthiti vize lakhatAM gAMdhIjI kahe che : " ame prathama maLyA te veLAnI mArI AdhyAtmika sthiti dhruvaLa jijJAsunI hatI. dhaNA prazno vize manamAM zaMkA rahetI......meM mArA prayatnathI dharma vize bahu jANyuM hoya ema na hatuM. paNa mane dha` vize jANavAnI utkaMThA rahetI. tethI rAyacaMdabhAInA samAgama mane gamyA te temanAM vacanAnI asara mArI upara paDI. mane sAmAnya rIte dharma vArtAmAM rasa hatA ema na kahI zakAya, chatAM rAyacaMdabhAInI dhama vArtAmAM mane rasa AvatA." e va pachI teo dakSiNa AphrikA gayA tyAM gAMdhIjIe sArI peThe dhArmika sthata ane dharmanirIkSaNa karyu. AtmakathAmAM pote kahyuM che :

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gAMdhIjI ane Toya 115 "huM te musApharI karavA, kAThyAvADanI khaTapaTamAMthI chUTavA ane AjI. vikA dhavA dakSiNa AphrikA gayA hatA. paNa paDI gayo IzvaranI zodhamAM, AtmadarzananA prayatnamAM." teo gayA hatA eka kesa mATe ja, paNa otaprota thaI gayA kemanI - hiMdIonI - sevAmAM. AtmadarzananI abhilASAe, IzvaranI oLakha sevAthI ja thaze ema dhArI, temaNe sevAdhamane svIkAra karyo. dhArmika sAhityanuM vAMcana khUba vadhyuM. badhA dharmonAM pustako vAMcyAM. TIsToyanAM pustakanuM vAMcana vadhArI mUkyuM. tenuM "Gospels in Brief'- navA karArane sAra", "What Shall. We Do Then ?" - "tyAre karIzuM zuM ? " vagere pustake mArA mana upara UMDI chApa pADI. vizvaprema manuSyane kyAM lagI laI jaI zake che e huM vadhAre ne vadhAre samajavA lAgyo." - gAMdhIjInA bhaviSyane vize khristI mitronI ciMtA vadhatI jatI hatI, tamane khristI banAvavA temanA prayatna cAlu hatA, paNa gAMdhIjInI muzkelIo UMDI hatI. temaNe kahyuM cheH Izu khrista e ja eka Izvarane putra che, tene je mAne te tare e vAta mane gaLe na Utare... IzunA mRtyuthI ne temanA lohIthI jagatanAM pApa dhovAya e akSarazaH arthamAM mAnavA buddhi taiyAra na thAya... vaLI khristI mAnyatA mujaba, manuSyane je AtmA che, bIjI jIvone nathI, ane deDanA nAzanI sAthe temane sarvathA nAza thaI jAya che, tyAre mArI mAnyatA AthI viruddha hatI." IzanA premane saMdeza, je "giripravacanamAM apAya che, te gAMdhIjInA hRdayane sparzatA. paNa khristI dharmanI rUDha mAnyatAo temane svIkArya na hatI. paNa jema teo khristI dharmano svIkAra na karI zakyA, tema hiMdu dharmanI saMpUrNatA vize athavA tenA sarvoparIpaNA vize paNa tyAre nizcaya na karI zakyA. hiMdu dharmanI guTio - aspRzyatA jevI - temanI najara samakSa taryA karatI. A saMjogomAM gAMdhIjIe pitAnI musIbata zrImad rAjacaMdra samakSa mUkI. temaNe dhIraja rAkhavA ane hiMdu dharmane UMDo abhyAsa karavA bhalAmaNa karI. temanA eka vAkayane bhAvArtha A utaH "hiMdu dharmamAM je sUkrama ane gUDha vicAro che, AtmAnuM nirIkSaNa che, dayA che, tevuM bIjA dharmamAM nathI evuM - niSpakSapaNe vicAratAM mane pratIti thaI che."

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16 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA zrImadda sAthe patravyavahAra cAlu rahyo. 1896mAM hiMda AvyA tyAre aMgata carcAo paNa keTalAka samaya thaI. - gAMdhIjI pharI dakSiNa AphrikA pAchA gayA ane satyAgrahanI laDatamAM paDayA. 1906mAM eka divasa nAtAla javA TreInamA UpaDyA tyAre mi. polAke eka pustaka raskinanuM "anyU dhisa lAsTa'-'Unto This Last" rastAmAM vAMcavA ApyuM. A pustaka vize gAMdhIjI lakhe che : ' - A pustakane lIdhA pachI huM choDI ja na zakyo. teNe mane pakaDI lIdho. johAnisabargathI nAtAla covIsa kalAka jeTalo rasto hato. TreIna sAMje Darabana pahoMcatI hatI. pahecyA pachI AkhI rAta UMgha na AvI. pustakamAM sUryavela vicAra amalamAM mUkyAne IrAdo karyo...mAruM pustakonuM jJAna ghaNuM ja thoDuM che. paNa je thoDAM pustako vAMcyAM che tene huM ThIka pacAvI zakyo chuM. evAM pustakamAM jeNe mArI jiMdagImAM tatkALa mahattvane racanAtmaka pheraphAra karAvyuM evuM te A ja pustaka kahevAya..." pariNAma, phinikasa AzramanI sthApanA ane tyArapachI TesToya phArma. Te yanAM bIjAM kayAM pustakanuM gAMdhIjIe vAMcana karyuM che te kahevuM mahela che. sTecanI vikhyAta navalakathAo gAMdhIjIe vAMcI jaNAtI nathI. TosTeyanuM jIvana parivartana thayuM tyArapachI je dhArmika sAhitya temaNe lakhyuM te ThIka pramANamAM gAMdhIjIe vAMcyuM haze ema jaMNAya che. dA. ta, TaoNlsToyanuM My Confessions" emaNe vAMcyuM che. temanI keTalIka dhArmika kathAone. anuvAda paNa temaNe karyo che. A traNe mahApuruSe viSe lakhatAM gAMdhIjI kahe che : "mArI upara traNa puruSao UMDI chApa pADI cheH Telara, raskina ane rAyacaMdabhAI TesToyanI temanA eka pustaka dvArA ane temanI sAthe thoDA patravyavahArathI. raskinanI tenA eka ja pustaka "Unto This Last thI, jene gujarAtI nAma "sarvodaya' meM rAkhyuM che ane rAyacaMdabhAInI temanI sAthenA gADha paricayathI." anyatra gAMdhIjIe kahyuM cheH "mArA jIvana upara chApa pADanAra Adhunika manuSya traNa che. rAyacaMdabhAIe temanA jIvaMta saMsargathI, TolsToye temanA "vaikuMTha tArA hRdayamAM che"

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gAMdhIjI ane Tauhoya 117 pustakathI ane raskine tenA "Unto This Last" - "sarvodaya' nAmanA pustakathI mane cakita karyo. "mArA jIvanamAM zrImad rAjacaMdranI chApa mukhyapaNe che. mahAtamA Te.sTeya tathA raskina karatAM paNa zrImade mArA upara UMDI asara karI che." Ama chatAM, gAMdhIjIe koIne guru tarIke svIkAryA nathI, zrImadda paNa nahi. tenuM kAraNa ApatAM temaNe kahyuM che : "hiMdu dharma gurupadane je mahatva ApyuM che tene huM mAnanAre chuM. guru vinA jJAna na hoya e vAkya ghaNe aMze sAcuM che. akSarajJAna ApanAra apUrNa zikSakathI calAvI levAya, paNa Atmadarzana karAvanAra apUrNa zikSakathI na ja calAvAya. gurupada te saMpUrNa jJAnIne ja apAya." - gAMdhIjIe TaeNyatAM pustakonuM vAMcana 1893thI cAlu karyuM. paNa TesTIya sAthe patravyavahAra to cheka 1909mAM thayo, jyAre TocanI ati vRddha avasthA hatI. A samaya daramiyAna gAMdhIjInA satyAgrahanA prayogo ane jIvanaghaDatara ghaNAM AgaLa vadhyAM hatAM. patravyavahAra mukhyatve gAMdhIjI satyAgrahanI je laData dakSiNa AphrikAmAM calAvI rahyA hatA temAM TesToyanA AzIrvAda meLavavA mATe hato. have A patravyavahAra saMkSepamAM joIe ? - prathama patra gAMdhIjIe laMDanathI tA. 1-10-1909 nA roja lakhyA hatA. dakSiNa AMphikAmAM vasatA hiMdIonI sthitine khyAla Apyo. satyAgrahanI laData, jene e vakhate " passive resistance " evuM nAma ApyuM hatuM tenI vigato temAM ApI che. gAMdhIjIe A patramAM lakhyuM che : ane mArA keTalAka mitro daDhapaNe mAnIe chIe ke anyAya sAmane hiMsAthI - non-resistance to evil by force -thI na thAya. tamArAM lakhANane meM abhyAsa karyo che ane mArA mana upara tenI UMDI chApa rahI che. ame spaSTapaNe mAnIe chIe ke hiMsaka baLa niSphaLa jAya tyAM satyAgraha saphaLa thaze." A patramAM gAMdhIjIe eka bIjo paNa ullekha karyo che. TesTIye eka lAMbe patra lakhele : "A Letter to a Hindu', jenI nakala gAMdhIjIne maLI hatI. paNa te patra vize have pachI. khristI mAnyatA mujaba, punarjanmane asvIkAra thayela che. te saMbaMdhe gAMdhIjIe TosTeyane lakhyuM che ke A praznane tame abhyAsa karyo che ke nahi tenI mane jANa nathI, paNa huM eTaluM ja kahyuM ke

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118 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA hiMdamAM karaDe lokenI A daDha zraddhA che. A mAtra carcAne nahi paNa anubhavane viSaya che ane jIvananAM ghaNAM gUDha rahIne temAM ukela che. TrAnsavAlanA satyAgrahIo mATe punarjanmanI zraddhA mATe AvAsana che. chevaTa "A Letter to a Hindu mAMthI A bhAga kADhI nAkhavAnI temaNe vinaMtI karI che. aMtamAM gAMdhIjI lakhe che : "], however who is an utter stranger to you, have taken this liberty of addressing this communication in the interest of truth, and in order to have your avdice on problems, the solution of which you have made your life-work." TolsToye A patrane tarata javAba Apyo che. temAM satyAgrahIone AzIrvAda ApyA che. punarjanama saMbaMdha TAsTe lakhyuM che ke "huM mArA patrane kaI bhAga kADhI nahIM nAkhuM, paNa tenA gujarAtI anuvAdamAM te ullekha tamArI IcchA hoya te tame kADhI nAkhI zake che. " gAMdhIjIe bIje patra tA. 10-11-1909 nA roja lekhe. te sAthe reva. Doke lakhela gAMdhIjInA jIvanacaritranI nakala mekalAvI. potAnI prasiddhi mATe nahi, paNa pita je je kArya karI rahyA che temAM TolasTayanI sahAnubhUti ane sakriya sAtha maLe ane temanI pravRttiothI TesTavAkepha thAya te mATe gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM ke " TrAnsavAlamAM cAlatI hiMdIonI laData vartamAna samacanI eka mahAna laData che, kAraNa ke temAM sAtha ane sAdhananI zuddhi rahelI che. e ja saphaLa thAya te adhama, verajhera ane asatya upara dharma, prema ane satyane vijaya thaze, eTaluM ja nahi paNa hiMdanA kare che. lokone ane duniyAnA bIjA bhAgamAM pIDita che temane paNa dAkhalo maLaze ane hiMsAmAM mAnavAvALAo khAsa karI hiMdamAM je che temanuM jora ochuM thaze." tA. 4-4-1910 nA patra sAthe gAMdhIjIe TesToyane temanA pustaka hiMda svarAja'ne pote karelA aMgrejI anuvAda mekalyo. briTiza sarakAre A pustaka japta karyuM hatuM. eTale gAMdhIjI TesToyane abhiprAya jANavA Atura hatA. "hiMda svarAja'mAM gAMdhIjIe potAnA vicAro ane jIvanadaSTi pahelI vAra saMkalita rIte raju karela che, ane temanA jIvananA e pAyAnA siddhAto rahyA che. A samaye TolsaToyanI tabiyata lathaDatI hatI. eTale temaNe tA. 8-5-1910nA roja Treka paNa mArmika javAba lakhyo :

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gAMdhIjI ane TAya 119 I have read your book with great interest, because the question you have therein dealt with is important, not only for Indians but for the whole of mankind." revanDa ke lakhela gAdhIjInA jIvanacaritra saMbaMdhe lakhyuM: "I happen to know you through that Biography which gripped me and it gave me a chance to know and understand you better." . TesToye tA. 7-9-1910 nA roja eka lAMbe patra gAMdhIjIne lakhyo che. temAM gAMdhIjInA "Indian Opinion'nAM lakhANonI tArIpha karI che. anyAyanA pratikAramAM hiMsAnA upayoganuM samarthana karavAvALA kevI rIte Izu khristanA upadezane vikRta kare che te temAM batAvyuM che. TrAnsavAlanI gAMdhIjInI laData vize lakhyuM cheH "Your work in Transval which seems to be far away from the centre of our world, is yet the most fundamental and the most important to us supplying the most weighty practical proof in which the world can now share and with which must participate, not, only the Christians, but all the people of the world." , TATAyane gAMdhIjI upara A chele patra che. 7 navembara, 1910nA roja temanuM avasAna thayuM. have upara jaNAvela "A Letter to a Hindu" vize. baMgabhaMga pachI hindamAM Terrorist Party khAsa karI baMgALamAM khUba joramAM hatI, jemAM zrI araviMda ghoSa, sI. Ara. dAsa vagere hatA. sI. Ara. dAsa "Free Hindustan' nAme chUpI patrikA kADhatA hatA. TesToyanAM lakhANo temaNe vAyAM haze ane hiMsaka pratikAra na kare te siddhAMta temane mAnya na hatA. tethI temaNe TAyane patra lakhelo jenA javAbamAM TesTa "A Letter to a Hindu" lo, jemAM hindu dharme hiMsAne anumati ApI nathI te batAvyuM. svAbhAvika rIte gAMdhIjIne A patra game. temaNe TesTayanI

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120 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA saMmatithI tene gujarAtImAM ane kadAca anya bhASAomAM paNa anuvAda karI, pote prastAvanA lakhI prakaTa karyo. A samaye paNa svataMtratAnI laData mATe hiMsaka sAdhane athavA trAsavAdI mArgo aMge gAMdhIjI ciMtita hatA ja. hindustAna 1915mAM AvyA pachI AvI rIte khoTe bhAge jatA A dezabhaktone gAMdhIjIe kevI rIte pAchI vAcA tene ItihAsa jANuti che. TesToyanA A patranI prastAvanAmAM gAMdhIjIe kahyuM che : " If we do not want the English in India,' we must pay the price. Tolstoy indicates it..Do not resist evil, but also do not yourselves participate int evil." TesTayanI gAMdhIjI upara zI asara thaI che ? raskinanA Unto This. Last' vize gAMdhIjIe kahyuM cheH mArI evI mAnyatA che ke je vastu mArAmAM che bharelI hatI tenuM apaSTa pratibiMba meM raskinanA A graMtharatnamAM joyuM ne tethI teNe mArI upara sAmrAjya jamAvyuM ne temAMnA vicArane amala mArI pAse karAvyuM. ApaNAmAM je sArI bhAvanAo sUtelI hoya tene jAgrata karavAnI zakti je dharAve che te kavi che. badhA kavinI badhA upara sarakhI asara nathI thatI, kema ke badhAmAM sArI bhAvanA ekasarakhA pramANamAM hotI nathI." raskinanA pustaka vize gAMdhIjIe kahyuM te ja TesTIvanAM lakhANo vize kahI zakAya. "A Letter to a Hindu'nI prastAvanAmAM gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM che : "There is no doubt that there is nothing new in what Tolstoy preaches. But his presentation of the Old Truth is refreshingly forceful. His logic is unassailable:", hakIkatamAM, A samaya daramyAna gAMdhIjI pAse je maulika vicAradhana hatuM te spaSTapaNe rajU karavA bhASApaibhava hajI temaNe meLavyA na hatA. "hinda svarAja nI bhASA jotAM A turata dekhAI Ave che. eTale raskina ane TesTAya jevA jagavikhyAta sAhityasvAmIonAM pustakomAM sabaLapaNe potAnA vicAranI

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gAMdhIjI ane ya 121 rajUAta ane samarthana temaNe joyAM tyAre e graMthethI teo prabhAvita thayA. paNa e bemAMthI keInI asara evI na hatI ke jeNe gAMdhIjInuM jIvana parivartana karyuM kahevAya. vicAronuM sAmya hatuM, paNa gAMdhoi te tethI ghaNuM AgaLa hatA. gAMdhIjI ane TesTIya vacce vicAronuM sAmya have saMkSepamAM jaNAvIza. ane pachI temanAM jIvanaghaDatara ane jIvanakAryamAM keTalo moTo taphAvata che te TUMkamAM batAvIza. TelayanA vicAronuM madhyabindu che hiMsAno sarva prakAre virodha. Resist not evil by force. rAjya hiMsA upara nirbhara che. yuddha, lazkara, polIsa, kaTa kacerI, dhArAsabhAo, karaverA - badhuM hiMsA-AdhArita che. tevI ja rIta sarva prakAranI milakatamAM hiMsA che. parigraha meLavavAmAM ane meLavela parigraha jALavavAmAM hiMsA che. bIjAnI mahenatanuM phaLa sattAdhIze athavA milakta dharAvanAra bhogave che. vartamAna samAjavyavasthAne pAya hiMsA che. tethI pazcimanI kahevAtI saMskRti - Western Civilization-ne TesTa songa virodha karyo hato. sAduM, majUrInuM, kheDUtanuM, aparigrahI jIvana netika ane AdhyAtmika vikAsane anukULa che. sthApita dharmo - Established Churches, haMsAnabhara rAjya ane samAja vyavasthAne Teko Ape che ane sAcA dharmathI vimukha che. TolasToye mukhya traNa muddAo samAja AgaLa rajU karyA cheH - (1) prANImAtranuM hita icchanAra ane pitAnuM AtyaMtika zreya karavA IcchanAra dhArmika puruSathI parigraha rAkhavo, vaibhava bhogavavo ane bIjAone potAnA dAsatvamAM rAkhavA - evuM jIvana AcarI zakAya che? (2) yuddhamAM thatI hiMsane temaja rAjadaMDa dvArA kAyadA ane vyavasthAne nAme thatI zikSAne koI sAce dharma vAjabI TharAvI zake ke ? (3) samAjanI vyavasthA rAjyanI daMDazakti vinA rahI na ja zake ema je prajAne lAgatuM hoya te prajAmAM rahenAra zreyArthI ane ahiMsAdhamI puruSanuM kartavya zuM ? pahelA be praznano javAba te nakAramAM ja heya. sAcI muzkelI trIjA praznanA javAbamAM ja Ave che. hiMsA upara nirbhara rAjya ane samAja sAthe sahakAra karavo ke asahakAra karavo ? gAMdhIjIne A vicAra AvakArapAtra hatA. 'hiMda svarAja'mAM lagabhaga AvA vicAro che. pazcimanA sudhArAnI temAM sakhata jhATakaNa che. vicAronuM sAmya hovA chatAM gAMdhIjI ane TosTayanI bhUmikA ane jIvanaghaDatara bhinna che. 1 TIsTa 34 varSanI uMmara sudhI te samayanA amIronI peThe khUba svachaMdo temaja bhogavilAsa ane vaibhavanuM jIvana gALyuM hatuM. 34 varSanI uMmare temanuM

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1rara tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA lana thayuM ane tyArapachI 16 varSa zAMti ane sukhI gRhasthajIvananAM gayAM; sAta bALake thayAM ane sAhityanA kSetre temanI sarjanazakti Toce pahoMcI. zreSTha navalakathA "ene kerInA" ane "vara eNDa pIsa" lakhI. bahArathI badhuM ya zAMta, sukha hatuM, tyAre bhemAMthI bhAlA UMDe tema aMtaramAM bhUkaMpa tha. A badhuM jIvana miyA lAgyuM ane Atma-asaMtoSa jAge. jIvananA pAyAnA prazno najara samakSa AvI UbhA rahyA. jIvanaparivartana thayuM ane dhArmika dizA. lIdhI. TesToyanA uttarajIvanamAM AMtara ane bAhya saMdharSa tumula hatA. temanI prakRti, temane Uchera, temanI zArIrika zakti vagere je navuM jIvana temaNe svIkAryuM hatuM tethI pratikULa hatAM. brahmacaryanI AvazyaktA Tocane ghaNI meTI uMmare samajAI. temanAM kuTuMbIjana-khAsa karI temanI patnIne A badhAmAM sakhta virodha hatA, Tolstoy was a tortured soul. But out of that torture, came immortal literature. pitAnI truTIonuM tamane pUruM bhAna hatuM. potAnI niMdA temaNe nirdayapaNe karI che. A AMtarabAhya saMdharSa ye pitAnA zreSTha nATaka "Light Shneth in Darkness mAM raju karyo che. A AtmacaritrAtmaka nAyaka mAraphata TAya potAnA jIvanasiddhAMtane. amala karavAnI muzkelIone citAra Ape che ane niSphaLa nAyaka pita heya tema batAve che. hakIkatamAM TAyane uddeza ApaNuM cAlu samAjamAM satyane mArge cAlavAmAM patnI, kuTuMbIo, mitro, sagAMo ane sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa. kevAM kaThina vidana utpanna kare che e batAvavAnuM che. gAMdhIjIne A koI saMgharSa na hatA. mAtApitAe dhArmika saMskAre. ApyA hatA. tyAga, tapazcaryA ane saMyamane vAraso hatA. aDaga AtmabaLa hatuM. je sAcuM lAge tene tAtkAlika amala karavAnI zakti hatI. pitAnI. najIkanAMone - kastUrabAthI mAMDIne potAnA vicArane anukULa teo karI zakatA, kAraNa ke potAnA jIvanamAM pati kahetA tene pUrNa amala thato ane tethI asara. thatI. Gandhiji was an integrated personality. temanuM jIvana ekadhAruM, saLaMgasUtre gUMthAyela hatuM. satya ane ahiMsAmAM gAMdhIjInI zraddhA akhaMDa ane avicaLa hatI. TAya e zraddhA prApta karI zakyA na hatA. temane e dizAmAM bhagIratha prayatna hatA. gAMdhIjI ane TesTayanA jIvana ghaDataramAM phera hatA, tema temanA jIvanakAryamAM paNa phera hatA. potAnA siddhAMtano amala TesTIya pitAnA jIvanamAM

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gAMdhIjI ane Toya 123 pUrNapaNe karI na zakyA, eTaluM ja nahi paNa upara jaNAvyo te trIjA prazno spaSTa javAba paNa temanI pAse na hatA. hiMsAnirbhara rAjya ane samAjavyavasthA hoya tyAM AtmAthI e zuM karavuM ? - evA rAjya ane samAjane tyajI devA ane AtmAnuM ja saMbhALavuM ? - gAMdhIjIe pAyAmAMthI samULI krAMti karI, ahiMsaka samAjaracanAne mAga batAvyo. khAdI, grAmodyoga, aparigraha, zramajIvana, sAdAI, pAyAnI keLavaNI - jIvananuM kaI paNa kSetra evuM na hatuM ke jemAM gAMdhIjIe nava krAMtikArI, ahiMsA upara racAyela, mArga batAvyo na hato. AlbarTa svAiDjhare gAMdhIjI vize kahyuM che : "Never before has any Indian taken so much interest in concrete reality as has Gandhi. Others were for the most part contented to demand a charitable attitude to the poor. But he wants to change the economic conditions that are at the root of poverty." TesToyanI vicAradhArA mukhyatayA nakArAtmaka rahI. vartamAna jIvananI asamAnatAo ane anaitikatA temaNe ughADI pADI. gAMdhIjIe navA samAjanA sarjanane mArga batAvyuM. TesTatha sAhityasvAmI hatA. gAMdhIjI karmayogI hatA. baMne mahApuruSane saMdeza hiMsAthI unmatta jagata mATe saMjIvanI che. tenI avagaNanAthI vinAza che. 1-5-69

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24 AlabarTa svAiTjhara-1 AbarTa svAijharane janma jarmanImAM Alajheka prAMtamAM I. sa. 1875mAM thayelo. temanA pitA e gAmanA pAdarI hatA. temanA mAtAmaha -mAtAnA pitA - paNa pAdarI hatAM. bALapaNathI ja temane saMgItane khUba ja zokha hetA. teo organa suMdara vagADI zakatA. moTA thatAM teo duniyAnA mazadara oge. nisTa -organa vagADanAra - banyA hatA. vidyAbhyAsamAM, khAsa karIne vijJAna ane ItihAsa emanA priya viSaye hatA. ra4 varSanI uMmara sudhImAM teo traNa viSayamAM niSNAta banyA hatA : (1) dharmazAstra, (bAIbalane temaNe UMDA abhyAsa karyo hata), (2) tattvajJAna ane (3) saMgIta. A traNeya viSayamAM pAraMgata banI temaNe Dr. of Theology, Dr. of Philosophy ane Dr. of Musicology nI upAdhio meLavI hatI. pachI teo Theological kolejamAM prinsipAla thayA hatAH 1896mAM eka divasa teo potAnI skUlamAMthI pAchA AvyA, tyAre temanI mAtAe temane kahyuM che ke ThaMDI bahu che, mATe eka sArA ovarakoTa laI le. paraMtu temaNe nA pADatAM kahyuM ke mArA keTalAya vidyAthIbaMdhuo pAse paheravAnAM sAdAM vastro paNa nathI, ane temanuM mana vicAre caDI gayuM-je vastu bIjAne nathI maLatI te levAne mane ze adhikAra ? rAtre temane UMdha paNa na AvI. savAre teo UThavyA tyAre evA nirNaya para AvyA ke je sukha bIjAne nathI maLatuM te sukha meLavavAne mane adhikAra nathI. teo kahe che - "prabhAtanA pahoramAM pakSIonuM pUjana thatuM hatuM e vakhate meM saMkalpa karyo ke 30 varSanI vaya sudhI huM vijJAna ane sAhityano abhyAsa karIza ane pachI mAruM jIvana huM mAnavasevAmAM arpaNa karIza. 21 varSanI uMmare temaNe A nirNaya karyo, jo ke te samaye temaNe potAne A nirNaya koIne jaNAvyA na hatA. Akhare 30 varSanI uMmara thavA AvI, ane potAno nirNaya amalamAM mUkavAno samaya thayo, paNa mAnavasevA kevI rIte karavI enI

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AbarTa svAijhara-1 125 koI spaSTa kalpanA temanI pAse na hatI. eka vAra temanI najare eka mAsaka paDayuM. jJAnapipAsu AlbarTa te vAMcavuM zarU karyuM. temAMnA eka lekhamAM AphrikAnA phrenca kogamAM perisa mizanarI sosAyaTInuM eka thANuM che ane emAM koI DokaTara na hovAthI, tyAM DokTaranI atyaMta jarUra che e jAtanuM lakhANa hatuM. emAM ema paNa jaNAveluM ke potAnuM sarvasva arpaNa karavAne je taiyAra hoya evI ja vyaktioe arajI karavI. Ama, AphrikAnA jaMgalamAM habasIo vacce rahIne sevA karavAnI hatI. AlbarTane sAcI sevA ApavAnI taka maLI gaI tema lAgyuM, paNa teo pote ThekTara to hatA nahi ane temane lAgyuM ke je mAnavasevA karavI ja hoya te temaNe DokaTara thavuM rahyuM. AthI 30 varSanI uMmare teo pitAnA prinsipAlapadano tyAga karIne, maeNDikala kolejamAM vidyArthI tarIke dAkhala thayA. A samaye temaNe pitAne mAnavasevA karavAne nirNaya jAhera karyo. joke temane pAgala gaNyA. temanA mitroe temane A mAgathI pAchI vaLavA samajAvavA prayatna karyo. temaNe temane jaNAvyuM ke A rIte tamArI zakti zA mATe veDaphI rahyA che? ahIM rahIne, lekacarsa ApIne, phaMDa ekaThuM karIne temane madada karI. paraMtu AlbarTa svAIjhare badhAne eka ja javAba Apyo ke "I want to become a doctor because I want to work and not to talk." - "huM DokTara thavA icchuM chuM, kAraNa ke mAre kAma karavuM che, to karavI nathI." AlbarTa svAIDjhara khristI dharmanA talasparzI abhyAsI hatA. temaNe Izu khristanA janma ane jIvanane UMDo abhyAsa karIne eka pustaka lakhyuM hatuM - "kAIsTa - etihAsika daSTie." temAM temaNe khristIo mAne che te camatkArI khrista ane giripravacananA pravaktA khrista vaccenI bhedarekhA kI batAvI. temaNe temAM jaNAvyuM ke camatkAro karatA Izu khrista karatAM jeNe giripravacana karyuM che, jeNe duniyAne premane saMdeza ane mAnavatAne upadeza Apyo che e Izu khrista vadhu satya che. "This is the real Christ and not the other Christ.' Ama, temaNe Izu khrista sAthe saMkaLAyelA camatkArone nakArIne, buddhivAdI daSTie Izu khristanA upadeza tathA AcaraNanuM samarthana karatuM pustaka lakhyuM. AvuM kaDaka lakhANa te samayanA rUDhicusta - orthodox - lekene zuM game ? badhI ja dhArmika saMsthAonI jema pirisa mizanarI saMsthA paNa rUDhicusta hatI. AthI AbaTane dahezata - hatI ke A loke emanA jevA buddhivAdI mAnasa dharAvanArane svIkAraze nahi.

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126 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA paraMtu teo ema paNa kahe che ke "mAre A lokanI parIkSA karavI che. Izu khristanA premanI vAta karavAvALI ane temane saMdeza duniyAne pahoMcADavAne IjAro lenArI vyaktio mArA jevAne ke je mAnavasevA karavA mATe ja jAya che tene javA de che ke nahi ?" tyArapachInAM temanAM sAta varSa DasTara thavAmAM gayAM. DokTare thayA pachI temaNe te mizanarI saMsthAne potAnI kege javAnI taiyArI batAvI..mizananA sekreTarIe tamane jaNAvyuM ke tamArI A ophara - mAgaNI -AvakAradAyaka che, paNa amArI samitinA keTalAka sabhyo tamArA dhArmika vicAro sAthe sahamata thatA nathI. AthI tame amArI samiti samakSa Avo ane tenA sabhyo sAthe vicAravinimaya karI, temane saMtoSa thAya evuM kaMIka karo. AlbarTa A prakAranI koI paNa parIkSAmAM besavAnI savinaya nA pADI. paraMtu tene badale samitinA sabhyane vyaktigata rIte maLavAnI ane samajAvavAnI temaNe taiyArI darzAvI. ane e pramANe teo temane maLyA. eka-be sabhyone AthI saMtoSa thayo. be-traNa jaNane na thayo. paNa AbarTa tamane jaNAvyuM ke "huM AphrikAnA jaMgalamAM eka hekTara tarIke mArI sevA ApavA jAuM chuM, mizanarI tarIke nahi. huM upadeza ApavA mATe nathI jatA, mAtra mAnavasevA mATe ja jAuM chuM. ane mArA vartana dvArA huM batAvI ApIza ke kharo khrista koNa che ? kharo khristI dharma zuM che ?" Ama, 1913nA eprila mAsamAM 70 peTIo bharIne sTImaramAM besI teo AphikA javA nIkaLyA. 1912mAM temaNe helana bresle nAmanA temanA eka madadanIza strImitra sAthe lagna karyA hatAM. temanAM patnI paNa temane madada karavA mATe narsa banyAM hatAM. teo baMne AphrikAmAM kAgo pahoMcyAM. tyAM jaIne temaNe joyuM ke tyAM hospiTala jevuM kaMI ja hatuM nahi. hatAM mAtra bhAMgela-tUTela jhUMpaDAM ane apAra ajJAna tathA garIbI. temaNe eka jhUMpaDuM bAMdhyuM. ene mATe bhAre lAkaDAM paNa temane jAte ja upADavA paDatA. suthArIkAmathI mAMDIne badhuM ja kAma tamane hAthe karavuM paDatuM. eka nAnuM jhUMpaDuM bAMdhIne temAM temaNe potAnA davAkhAnAnI zarUAta karI ane thoDA ja vakhatamAM temanA jhUMpaDAnI bahAra pheMko lekonI katAra lAgavA mAMDI. 1956mAM prathama vizvayuddha zarU thayuM. teo phrenca kagemAM rahetA hatA. paNa teo jarmanImAM janmelA eTale jarmana tarIke temane pakaDavAmAM AvyA.

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AbaTa svAiDjhara-1 127 vicAraka AlbarTa AIDjhara mAnavasaMskRti vizenA ciMtAmAM DUbI gayA. jyAM mAnavasevA karavAnI taka paNa jhUMTavI levAmAM Ave che te A saMskRti kevI ? ane A ciMtanane pariNAme teo evA nirNaya para AvyA ke saMskRtinuM Aje patana thayuM che tenuM kAraNa e ja che ke Aje jIvana mATe, cetanazakti mATe Adara ane mAna joIe te mANasamAM rahyA nathI. mANasane mArI nAkhatAM saheje ya AMcake lAgatA nathI. temaNe saMskRtine UMDo abhyAsa karyo. uparAMta bIjA paNa aneka graMthane abhyAsa karyo. divase temanuM davAkhAnuM cAlatuM ane moDI rAta sudhI teo abhyAsa karatA. A abhyAsane pariNAme temaNe "Philosophy of Civilization" upara cAra graMtho lakhyA. A uparAMta bIjAM pustako paNa temaNe lakhyAM. temaNe jaNAvyuM ke "A duniyAnuM je kaI rIte kalyANa thavAnuM hoya te te eka ja rIte thavAnuM che - mAnavahRdayamAM je sAcI dharmabhAvanA che, je sAco prema che, je sAcI mAnavatAnI nizAnI che, e jyAM sudhI upara nahIM Ave tyAM sudhI duniyAne uddhAra thavAne nathI. A siddhAMtane temaNe reverence for life kahyo, jIvana pratye samAdara kahyo. AbaTa svAIjharanI jIvanavibhAvanA paraMparAgata vicAraNAthI mukta che. * na vaLI jIvana vize vicAraNA karatAM teo prakRtine - samagra prakRtine - vicAra karavA lAgyA. temaNe pazu-pakSI ane vRkSa-latAomAM paNa rahelA jIvanatatvane svIkAra karyo. A samaye temanI samakSa eka koyaDo Ubho thayo : "A duniyAmAM ATaluM duHkha, ATaluM aniSTa zA mATe che ?" vaLI temaNe joyuM ke mANasane bacAvavA DeTara tarIke temaNe bekaTeriyAne - jIvANune mArI nAkhavA paDe che. Ama, eka jIvane bacAvavA bIjA jIvane haNavo paDe che. eTale ke darekane jIvavuM che ane bIjAne bhoge ja jIvI zakAya che." Life at the cost of other lives' - navo navara1 nIvanam e A prakRtine niyama che. paNa meTAne bacAvavA nAnA jIvanI hatyA karavI e paNa zuM tattvataH buddhisaMgata che kharuM ? cetanazakti vacce UMcanIcanA bheda hoI ja kema zake ? teo jaNAve che ke "jIvana e uttama Azcarya che ne tethI tene mahimA karavo joIe. moTA jIvonI jema ja mAM su jIvane paNa samAdara kare joIe." anivAryapaNe je hiMsA karavI paDe che te karatAM pratyeka kSaNe jAgrata rahI, manamAM tenA pratye prema, karuNa, Adara dharIne te kArya karavuM joIe.

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128 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA A jaina paribhASA che. jhUMpaDuM bAMdhavA mATe jarUriyAtathI vadhu pAMdaDAMDALakhAM paNa na toDavAnI vicAraNA sudhI teo pahece che. I. 1915mAM teo pakaDAyA ane 1910mAM chUTayA. chUTIne teo yuropa AvyA. 1919thI 1923 sudhI teo yuropanA badhAye dezamAM ghUmI vaLyA. kolejamAM bhASaNa ApIne hospiTala mATe phaMDa ekaThuM karyuM. je ke organavAdaka svAIjharane organ-playing zekha eTalo prabaLa haka janAmAM junA ogananI khabara paDe ke tarata ja teo te jyAM hoya tyAM - sviTajharalenDa ke na mAM - vagADavA pahoMcI jatA. 1924mAM teo AphikA pAchA AvyA. hospiTalanuM nAmanizAna rahyuM na hatuM. tamahenatathI haispiTala pharIthI bAMdhI. 1913mAM svAIDjhara prathama AphrikA gayA tyArathI jIvana paryaMta kaMganA jaMgalamAM mAnavasevAnuM patAnuM kArya aviratapaNe temaNe cAlu rAkhyuM.. temanI khyAti vadhI tema bahAranI madada AvatI rahI ane hospiTalane vikAsa thata rahyo. avAranavAra yuropanI mulAkAta laIne dharma ane mAnavatA upara teoe ghaNAM pravacana paNa ApyAM. yuropanI lagabhaga badhI yunivarsiTIoe temane mAnada padavIo ApI che. 19paramAM bela zAMti pAritoSika temane ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. je moTI rakama maLI te temaNe hospiTalanA lAbhArthe vAparI nAkhI hatI. lagabhaga bAvana varSa habasIomAM rahI mAnavatAnI jyota sva. jhare jIvatI rAkhI. habasIonAM jJAna, aMdhazraddhA, vahema, asvacchatA ane bhISaNa garIbAIne kAraNe temaNe pArAvAra hADamArIo veThI ane e rIte temaNe sevAyajJa satata cAlu rAkhyA. svAIjhare kahyuM hatuM, ke gorI prajAe kALI prajA upara karela pAnuM teo prAyazcitta karI rahyA che. dharmazAstra ane tatvajJAnanA samartha vidvAna tarIke yuropanA koI paNa mahAna vidyAlayamAM teo agrasthAne heta. paNa. AphrikAnA jaMgalamAM habasIo vacce potAnuM samasta jIvana samarpaNa karI Izu khristanA premano saMdeza sArthaka karavAnuM temaNe pasaMda karyuM. svAIjhara jJAnayogI hatA. bAIbala ane khristI dharmazAstrane ja nahi paNa duniyAnA dharmone temaNe abhyAsa karyo. bhAratIya tattvajJAna ane saMskRti upara temaNe eka graMtha lakhyo che, jemAM vedathI mAMDI gAMdhIjI sudhInI vicAradhArAnuM talasparzI adhyayana ane samAlocanA temaNe karela che. jarmana philasUpha

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AlabarTa svAiTUjhara-1 129 kenTane teo UMDA abhyAsI che. mahAna jarmana kavi geTe uparanAM temanAM vyAkhyAne sarvazreSTha jaNAya che. jarmana saMgItajJa "bA" upara temaNe cAra, graMtha lakhyA che. potAnI jaMgala hospiTalamAM divase kAma kare ane rAtre. abhyAsa ane lekhana kare evI temanI jIvanacaryA. paNa kamajoga vinAne jJAnayoga temane adhUrI lAge. duniyAmAM apAra duHkha che. tene kaMIka paNa ochuM karavA mANase avirata puruSAthI rahevuM joIe ema teo mAnatA. ApaNe jene nivRttidharma kahIe chIe jene svAIDjhara Life-Negation kahetA - te temane mAnya nahatuM. svAIjhara. niSkAma pravRtti, jene teo Life-Affirmation kahe che tenA prabaLa. himAyatI hatA. 1-10-65

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25 AlbarTa svAijhara-2 svAijharanA zabdomAM kahIe te "Two perceptions cast their shadows over my existence. One consists in my realisation that the world is inexplicably 'mysterious and full of suffering; the other is the fact that I have been born in a period of spiritual decadence in mankind. I have become familiar with and ready to deal with each, through the thinking which has led me to the ethical and affirmative position of Reverence for Life. In that principle, my life has found a firm footing and clear path to follow." [anuvAdaH "be anubhavonI mArA astitva upara gherI chAyA paDe cheH (1) prathama anubhava e prakAranI anubhUtimAM rahe che ke A duniyA ne samajI zakAya-ne samajAvI zakAya - evAM gUDha rahasyothI bharelI che ane aneka prakAranI yAtanAo vaDe AkrAnta che. (2) bIjo anubhava e prakAranI vAstaviktAnA bhAnamAM rahelo che ke mAnavajAtanI jyAre AdhyAtmika avanatiadhogati - thaI rahelI che evA kALamAM huM jamyo chuM. A banne prakAranA anubhavethI huM paricita chuM ane je vicAraNAe mane Reverence for LifejIvana pratyenA samAdaranA nitika ane vidhAyaka siddhAnta tarapha de che, vALe che te vicAraNAnI mAraphata A anubhavanA paDakArane pahoMcI vaLavAne huM taiyAra chuM. A siddAnanA darzana dvArA mane sthira bhUmikA maLI gaI che, ane anusaraNa mATe spaSTa mAga jaDI AvyuM che.' Ama, svAIjharane A jagata, gUDhatAbharyuM rahasyamaya lAge che, jene pAra teo pAmI zakatA nathI, jene tAga temanAthI kADhI zakAto nathI. jJAnanI daSTie svAIjhara ayavAdI rahe che, paNa kamanI dRSTie svAIDjhara spaSTa,

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AuTa svAiDjhara-2 131 sudaDha, puruSAthI che; AzAvAdI che, nirAzAvAdI nathI. jagatanA nitika niyama - Moral Law of the Universe- mAM temane avicaLa zraddhA che. A zraddhA ke aMdhazraddhA nathI, paNa vicArapUrvakana, buddhigamya anubhava upara racAyelI che. svAijharanI gaMbhIra phariyAda che ke meTA bhAganA leke vicArahIna pramAdI jIvana jIve che. svAijhara buddhivAdI - rationalist - che. teo kahe che ke "I acknowledge myself to be one who places all his confidncce in rational thinking... Renunciation of thinking is a declaration of spiritual bankruptcy." [ "huM e lokomAM eka chuM ke je buddhipUrvakanI vicAraNAmAM pUro vizvAsa dharAve che....vicAra karavAno inakAra kare te AdhyAtmika devALAnI jAherAta karavA barAbara che."| * - A pramANe svataMtra rIte vicAra karatA svAIjhare potAnA jIvananA dhruvatAraka samAna Reverence for Life - jIvana pratyenA samAdara-nI zodha karI che. "Beginning to think about life and the world leads a man directly, and almost irresistibly to Reverence for Life. Such thinking leads to no couclusions which could point in other direction." "mAnavajIvana ane jagata vize vicAra karatAM karatAM mAnavI jIvana pratyenA samAdara pratye lagabhaga anivArya 'paNe ane ekAeka kheMcAya che. AvI vicAraNAmAMthI anya dizAe laI jAya evAM ke anumAne - nirNaya niSpanna thatAM ja nathI." * A Reverence for Life - jIvana pratyene samAdara-zuM che ? svAIjhara kevI rIte A siddhAnta upara Ave che ? prathama vizvayuddha thayuM. yuropanI prajAe ekabIjAnI katala zarU karI. tenI asara habasIo para paDI. temaNe paNa yuddhamAM dhasaDAvuM paDayuM. svAIjharanuM mana cakaDoLe caDayuM. cAre tarapha saMskRti ane mAnavatAne vidhvaMsa temaNe nihALyo. AvuM adha:patana kema thayuM ? emAMthI utthAna kema thAya ? svAIjhara kahe che ke eka vAra naukAmAM vihAra karatAM huM UMDA vicAramAM utarI gayo hato evAmAM There flashed upon my mind, unforseen and unsought, the phrase "Reverence for. Life. The iron door had yielded; the path in the thicket had become visible." "mArA citta upara ekAeka aNadhArI ane aNukalpI rIte "Reverence for Life' - 'jIvana pratye samAdara'-

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132 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA e vAkya jhaLakI UThayuM. lokhaMDI daravAjo khUlI gaye; gADha jaMgalamAM maMgalakeDInA darzana thayAM." jIvana vize vicAra karatAM badhuM ca phekI daIe tyAre paNa "huM chuM - "I think, so I exist' e avazeSa rahe ja che. paNa huM koNa chuM, zuM zuM ? " To think means to think something. The most immedjate fact of man's consciousness is the assertion : 1 am life that wills to live in the midst of life which wills to live. And it is as will-to-live that man conceives himself during every moment that he spends in meditating on himself and the world around him."! :: A aMgrejI phakarAne sAra e che ke vicAravuM eTale kAMIkaM vicAravuM. mAnavInI cetanAne lagatI sauthI agatyanI hakIkta e che ke aMdarathI nizcayapravakane avAja AvyA ja kare che ke "huM jIvavA icchato eka jIva chuM, mArI AsapAsa jIvavA IcchatA asaMkhya che ke, mAre jIvavuM che eTaluM ja nahi paNa sukhethI jIvavuM che, bIjA ne paNa jIvavuM che eTaluM ja nahi paNa sukhethI jIvavuM che. keI maravA icchatuM nathI. koIne dukha joItuM nathI. A budigamya anubhava che. paNa mAruM jIvana pratikSaNa bIjA jIvone bhege huM jIvI rahyo chuM. mArI pratyeka zArIrika kriyAmAM bIjAnI hiMsA che." svAijharanA zabdomAM kahuM : "The world, however, offers us the horrible drama of will-to-live, divided against itself. One existence holds its own at the cost of another, one destroys another. Only in the thinking man has the will-tolive becomes conscious of other's will-to-live and desirous of solidarity with them. This solidarity, however, he cannot completely bring about, because man is subject to puzzling and horrible law of being obliged to live at the cost of other life 'and to incure again and again the guilt of destroying and injuring life. But as an ethica? being he strives to escape wherever possible from this necessity, to put a stop to this

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AlbaTa svAitjha-2 133 disunion of the will-to-live, so far as the influence of his existence reaches. He thirsts to be permitted to preserve his humanity and to be able to bring to other existence release from their sufferings." 66 " .. [anuvAda : A jagata nIvA nIvayanIvanam ' e sUtra upara AdhArita parasparavirAdhI jIvanasaMgharSanuM eka adbhuta nATaka rajU kare che. eka jIva anya jIvanA astitvanA bhAge pAtAnuM astitva TakAvI rAkhavA mAge che. eka anyane nAza kare che. mAtra vicArazIla mAnavInuM mana potAnI jIvavAnI icchA sAthe anya jIvAnI paNa eka prakAranI jIvavAnI icchA vize sabhAna bane che temaja te jIvA sAthe sumeLa sAdhavAnuM icchuka bane che. Ama chatAM paNa A sahaastitvanI bhAvanAne te pUrA aMzamAM amalI banAvI zakatA nathI, kAraNa ke anyanA bhAge ja vI zakAya tema che. "C anya jIvonI satata hiMsA upara ja pAtAnuM jIvana nirRra che. e prakAranA - sahRdaya mAnavIne gUMgaLAvatA -duSTatAbharyA kudaratanA kAnUnane mAnavI ha Mmezane mATe adhIna che. Ama chatAM paNa jIvanA bhAge chatrane TakAvavAnI athaDAmaNanI anivArya tAthI bacavAnA sahRdaya nItiparAyaNu mAnavI tenAthI bane teTlA prayatna karatA rahe che. tenAmAM rahelI mAnavatAnI vRtti ane bhAvanAne TakAvI rAkhavA mATe ane anya jIvAne ane teTalu abhayadAna ApavA mATe ta haMmezAM atyaMta intejAra hoya che."] A jIvanasa USa mAM keTalIka hiMsA anivAya che. tema chatAM paNa mANasa bane teTale ahi Msaka thaIne, athavA tA echAmAM ochI hiMsA karIne, peAtAnuM natika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana vikasAvI zake che, ane e rIte peAtAnI mAnavatA jALavI zake che ane khIjA jIvone abhayadAna ApI zake che. A vicAradhArAmAMthI sava jIva pratye prema, karuNA ane maitrI, jene svAiTrejhara 8 varansa phAra lAIpha ' kahe che te acUka jAge che. jIvananA saMdha mAMthI utpanna thatI hiMsA TALavAneA rAjamArga - will to love - premAgraha che, jIvamAtra pratye AdarabhAva che. - AvI jene dRSTi hoya tene mana sava jIva samAna che. tenAmAM . UMcanIcanA "kAI bheda rahetA nathI. ekendriyathI mAMDIne paMcendriya sudhInA sa jIva pratye samAna Adara rahe che.

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134 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdana - AvuM jIvana teo pote 90 varasa jIvyA. e jaNAvavAnI jarUra na hoya ke teo jIvananA uttarArdhamAM nirAmiSAhArI rahyA hatA. temaNe mAnavasevA te karI, paNa jIva pratye Adara ane karuNA temanAmAM bharyA che te batAvatAM temanI AsapAsa aneka prANIo ane pakSIonuM meTuM vRMda haMmezAM rahetuM. jamavA bese to kIDI-vaMdAne mATe khAvAnuM nAkhe. makAna pAyo nAkhatA hoya te mATImAM chavAta nathI te jue, paDuM bAMdhavA eka DALIne khapa hoya te be na toDe. teo lakhe che : "Devoted as I was from boyhood 10 the cause of the protection of animal life, it is a special joy. to me that universal ethic of Reverence for Life shows the sympathy for animals, which is so often represented as sentimentality, to be a duty which no thinking man can escape." [anuvAda : "pazujIvanane rakSaNa ApavAnA dharmakArya tarapha nAnapaNathI ja mAruM mana vaLeluM hoIne mArA mATe e savizeSa AnaMdane viSaya bane che ke "revaransa phora lAIpha" - "jIva mAtra vize samAdara buddhinA - sarvavyApI nitika vicAramAMthI pazuo pratyenI sahAnubhUti jene ghaNI vAra kevaLa lAgaNI tarIke varNavIne utArI pADavAmAM Ave che te sahajapaNe eka evA dharma tarIke phalita thAya che ke jeno koI vicArazIla mAnavI inkAra karI na ja zake." ! aMtamAM svAITajharane jIvanamaMtra temanA ja zabdomAM kahyuM : " The ethic of Reverence for Life is found particularly strange, because it establishes no dividing line between more valuable and less valuable life. To undertake to lay down universally valid distinctions of value between different kinds of life will end in judging them by greater and lesser distance at which they seem to stand from us human beings - as we ourselves judge. But that is a purely subjective criterion. Who among us knows what significance any other kind of life has in itself, and as a part of the universe ?

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AlbarTa svAiDjhara-2 135 "To the man who is truly ethical, all life is. sacred, including that which the human point of view seems lower in the scale." [ anuvAda: "A jIvamAtra vizenA samAdarane vicAra khAsa karIne eTalA mATe vicitra jevo bhAse che ke te ucca koTinA ane nimna kATinA chevo vacce, vadhAre upayogI ane ochA upayogI chevo vacce bhedabhAvane svIkAratA nathI. jIvonI bhinna bhinna jAtione mUlyAMkanane mApadaMDa lAgu pADavAnuM pariNAma paNa mAnavajAta ane temanI vacce ApaNe je ochuM vadhatuM aMtara mAnI beThAM chIe te vAraNe temanA vize vicAravAmAM ane nyAya tALavAmAM Avaze. paNa A te kevaLa svalakSI sApekSa dhAraNa kahevAya. anya kaI jIvaninuM svataH zuM mahattva che ane A vizvanA eka aMga tarIke tenuM zuM sthAna che e saMbaMdhamAM ApaNAmA koNa zuM jANe che? je mAnavI kharekhara nItimAna che tane mana jIvanamAtra pavitra che ane temAM e jIno paNa samAveza thAya che ke je mAnavInA dRSTikoNathI nimna TinA lekhAya che." A zuddha jaina dharma che. meM ahIM A phakarA TAMkyA, jethI tamane ' ema na lAge ke svAiDjhara vize kahetAM huM kaI atizayekti karI rahyo chuM, athavA te mAruM potAnuM umeruM chuM. svAiDjhare potAnAM keTalAMya pustakomAM ane khAsa karIne temanA "My Life and ThoughtpustakmAM - je temanI AtmakathA che - A badhuM vizadatAthI samajAvyuM che. svAiDjharane A jIvanamaMtra sanAtana satya che. 16-10- . * * ** . - 65

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dAga hemarazilDa dAga hemarazilDanuM avasAna akasmAta hatuM ke koI kAvatarAnuM pariNAma hatuM te nizcita kahI zakAtuM nathI. paNa maLelA ahevAla ane AjubAjunA saMjoge ema batAve che ke e akasmAta levAne saMbhava che. rASTrasaMdhanA sekreTarI janaralanuM pada eka advitIya - pada . A pada dharAvatI vyakti keI eka rAjyanI sarakAre sevaka nathI. rASTrasaMdhanA baMdhAraNa mujaba tene eka svataMtra vyaktitva che. salAmatI samiti ane jaMnarala eseplInA TharAvone AdhIna rahI teNe svataMtra rIte vartavAnuM che. bhinna bhinna dezonI parasparavirodhI rAjanItimAM, teNe vizvazAMtinA eka ja dhyeyane lakSamAM rAkhIne AMtararASTrIya paristhitinuM nirIkSaNa karavAnuM rahe che, ane jyAM vizvazAMti bhayamAM mukAya evuM jokhama tene lAge tyAre salAmatI samitinA lakSa para e hakIkata turata lAvavAnI tenI pharaja che. sattAjUthanI sAThamArImAM taTasthapaNe ane khAsa karI nAnAM rASTronA rakSaNa athe teNe potAnI pharaja bajAvavAnI rahe che. rASTrasaMghanA uddezane satata daiTa samakSa rAkhI tene yeyane kSati pahoMce evuM vartana koI paNa rASTra taraphathI thatuM jaNAya to tene aTakAvavA ghaTatAM pagalAM levAnI takedArI teNe rAkhavI paDe che. AvA sarvocca pada mATe lAyaka vyakti maLavI sahelI nathI. pAMca mahAsattAo - briTana, phasa, amerikA, raziyA ane cInanI saMmatithI A nimaNuka thAya che. AvI vyaktinA niSpakSapaNA vize koI zaMkA na rahe te mATe nAnAM svataMtra rASTra DenmArka, svIDana, nave jevAMmAMthI AvI vyakti pasaMda karavAmAM Ave che. rASTrasaMdhanAM baMdhAraNa nIce sekreTarI janaralane viziSTa adhikAro che ane tenI svataMtratA jaLavAI rahe te mATe baMdhAraNamAM khAsa kALajI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. dAga hemarazille raziyAnI khaphagI vaherI tyAre ceve temanA upara bhAre prahAra karyA hatA.

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dAga hemarazilDa 137 sAmAnya rIte pAMca mahAsattAomAMthI koI paNa eka sattAne paNa sekreTarI janarala vizvAsa gumAvI bese te pote ja te padanuM rAjInAmuM ApI de. paNa A prasaMge virala hiMmatathI dAga hemarazille rAjInAmuM ApavAnI nA pADI ane tema karatAM potAnAM je kAraNe jaNAvyAM temAM temanI ekaniSThA ane vizvazAMti mATenI jhaMkhanA spaSTa thayAM. dAga hemarazilDane aMgata paricaya karavAnI mane taka maLI hatI, jyAre 1953mAM huM hindI pratinidhimaMDaLanA eka sabhya tarIke rASTrasaMdhanI beThakamAM hAjarI ApavA gayA hatA. teo mitabhASI, svamAnI ane gauravazIla vyakita hatA. gItAnA abhyAsI hatA ane niSkAma karmayogamAM zraddhAvALA hatA. kAgomAM te vakhate rASTrasaMdhanI pUrI kasoTI thaI. saMsthAnavAdI rASTra khAsa karI bejiyama ane kogone bhAgalA karavA IcchatAM hatAM, ane kAraMgAne judu pADavAno prayatana karatAM hatAM. bejiyama, briTana ane keTaleka daraje phrAnsanAM Arthika hita kADhaMgAmAM moTA pramANamAM hatAM. tenI dakSiNe uttara rahe ziyA che. te samayanA tenA vaDA pradhAna veleskI dakSiNa AphrikAnI raMgabhedanI nItimAM mAnatA hatA. zAbene hathiyAra banAvI, beljiyama ane velenjI koMgonI ekatA teDavA mAgatAM hatAM. rASTrasaMdhanA prayatna to koMgenI bhaugolika ane rAjakIya ekatA jALavI rAkhavAnI dizAmAM hatA. kariyAnI peThe. ahIM paNa rASTrasaMghe pitAnuM lazkara mokalI AMtaravigraha aTakAvavAne ane videzI tane haThAvavAno nirNaya karyo hato. paNa rASTrasaMdhanuM baLa aMte tenA sabhya upara avalaMbe che. raziyAne virodha to hate ja ane briTananuM valaNa atyaMta vicitra ane svAthI hatuM tenI pAchaLathI saune jANa thaI. zarUAtamAM hemarazilDanI kaMIka bhUla thaI, paNa thoDA samayamAM te bhUla sudhArI lIdhI ane salAmatI samitinA TharAvonA amala mATe teo pUrA tapura thayA. temAM kaMika saphaLatA paNa maLI, ane keMgonI pArlAmenTanI beThaka ane pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA karavAmAM phaLIbhUta thayA. zarUAtamAM zombanuM vilaNa kAMIka sahAyabhUta lAgyuM paNa turata ja te videzI tanI asara nIce AvIne badalAyuM ane sahakAra pAcho kheMcI lIdho. A paristhitine jAte abhyAsa karavA ane rASTrasaMdhanA lazkarI pagalAMone vega ApavA, hemarazilDa kAge. bAju pharatAM akasmAta athavA dagAno bhoga banyA. 1-10-61

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bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharmanA parama tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra lagabhaga 2500 varSa pUrve nirvANa pAmyA. mahAvIra, buddhanA samakAlIna hatA; buddha karatAM lagabhaga 25 varSa purogAmI hatA. baMne mahApuruSonI vihArabhUmi eka ja hatI mukhyatve magadha. baMne dharmo maNa saMsakRtinA. adika, vedika ane brAhmaNa paraMparAmAM rahela janmajAta ucca-nIcanA bhedane jainadharma ke bauddha dharmamAM koI sthAna nathI. baMne dharmomAM zaka kahevAtI tionAM strI-purupA aMta AdaraNIya sthAna pAmyAM che. brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM yajJayAga ane temAM rahela hiMsAnA baMne dharmo virodhI. baMne dharmonuM pradhAna lakSaNa etika sukhopabhegano tyAga. ane vairAgya. buddha ane mahAvIra baMne kSatriya rAjapuruSA, sukha-samRddhimAM ucharela, chatAM sAMsArika sukho pratye verAva thayo ane adhyAtmamArge prayANa karyuM. garIbAI ke du:khathI ja verAyabhAvanA janme che ema nathI. badhe garIbAI athavA duHkhathI upajela virAga kadAca asthAyI ke kSaNika nIvaDe, samajaNapUrvaka svIkArela tyAga sthira ane kAyamI bane che. jainadharma, bhAratavarSane ati prAcIna dharma che. jenA covIsa tIrthakara thaI gayA. temAM bhagavAna mahAvIra chelA hatA. temanI pUrvenA raramA tIrthaMkara neminAtha ane ra3 mA pArzvanAtha paNa aMtihAsika puru hatA. tenA ghaNA purAvAo maLe che. prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadevano ullekha vedomAM ane purANomAM paNa maLe che. vartamAna bhAratIya saMskRti jainadhama, bauddhadharma ane vaidika ke brAhmaNadhama triveNI saMgama che. A traNe dharmoe parasparane gADha asara karI che ane pariNAme eka bhavya bhAratIya saMskRtinuM ghaDatara ane nirmANa thayuM che. A traNe dharmomAM tAttvika prazno para matabheda levA. chatAM, AcAra-dharmanI ekasUtratA mahadaMze jaLavAI rahI che. dhammapada vAMcIe, gItA vAMcIe ke AcArAMgasUtra vAMcIe, traNe dharmonA upadezanI pAyAnI ekatA jaNAI Avaze. e khare che ke dareka dharma eka athavA bIja guNa upara vadhAre bhAra

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bhagavAna mahAvIra 139 mUkayo che. jainadharma ahiMsA, tapa ane sayama upara, bauddhadharma karuNA upara, tA gItAe lokasaMgrahAtha kayoga upara bhAra mUkayo che. paNa traNe dharmomAM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha e mAnavInA AcAradharma nA mULabhUta siddhAMtAnA svIkAra che. jIvana eka gUDha rahasya che. tene tAga pAmavA, mAnavI samajaNA thA tyArathI, ciMtana karatA rahyo che. saMtapuruSo, payagaMbarA `ka tattvajJA potAnA jJAnaanubhavaneA vArasA ApaNane ApI gayA che. A badhA mahApuruSo samakSa buniyAdI prazna e hatA ane ApaNI samakSa paNa che, ke mAnavInu jIvana ane tane vyavahAra evAM hovAM joie ke jethI pAtAne paNa sAcuM sukha ane zAMti maLe ane potAnI AsapAsanAM sarva prANIone paNa sukha ane zAMti maLe. AvAM sukha ane zAMtinI zodhamAM mAnavI bhaTakatA rahyo che ane te bhramaNAmAMthI chUTavA prayatna kare che. bhagavAna mahAvIre A samasyAne ukela khatAvyA che. e tamanu jIdhanadazana che. A pavitra divase e jIvanadana pharI cAda karI samajavA prayatna karIe. A jIvana samasyA temaNe A rIte mUkI che jjano ? vahe viTTe ? 1mAse ? varSe same ? kahaM bhuJjanto bhAsanto, pAvaM kammaM na baDhai || arthAt sAdhaka kevI rIte UbhA rahe, kavI rIte bese, kevI rIte pUrve, 'kevI rIte khAya, ane kevI rIte khAle, jethI tene pApakarmInuM dhana na thAya. A gAthAmAM ApaNe joIzu` ke jIvananA sAmAnya vyavavahAra mATe paNa cAvI mAgI che. AvA ja savAla arjune zrIkRSNane gItAmAM pUchyo : sthitaprajJasya kA bhASA, samAdhisthasya kezava / sthitadhIH kiM prabhASet, kimAsIt vrajet kim / sthitaprajJa puruSa krama vhAle, kema cAle, kama bese vagere. bhagavAna mahAvIratA jalAkha nIcenI be gAthAmAM che : nayaM vare, nayaM viTTe, pravAsa, yaM saye / naya mughnano, mAsanto, pAvuM m' na vajra / / 'zreyAthI manuSya ke sAdhaka A badhA vyavahAra jatanapUrvaka kare eTale ke. kAI jIvane hAni ke du:kha na thAya evI rIte varte, tA tene pApakamanuM khadhana thatu nathI. .

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140 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA - A eka jatanA athavA bIjI rIte kahIe to viveka zabdamAM jIvanano sAra bhagavAne mUkI dIdho. A viveka kevI rIte Ave ? to bhagavAne kahyuM : ..... savva bhayappa bhUyassa, sammaM bhUyAi pAsao / pihiyAsavassa dantassa, pAyaM kamma na bandhai // nAnA-moTA tamAma jIvone pitAnA AtmA samAna gaNe - mArAtArAne sala bheda aMtaramAM na hoya, tathA indriyanigrahI ane saMyamI hoya evA sAdhakane pApakarmanuM baMdhana thatuM nathI. vaLI bhagavAne kahyuM : paDhabhaM nANa tao dayA evaM ciTThaI sabvasaMjae / annANI kiM kAhI kiMvA nAhii cheya-pAvagaM / / prathama jJAna ane pachI dayA. ajJAnI puruSamAM sAcI dayA ke ahiMsA prakaTe nahi, te pApa-puNyano bheda jANe nahi. A jJAna eTale bhava sarvata. AvuM jJAna hoya te ApoApa, mitI ke sanna mUkuM veruM manna na T3 , jIvamAtra sAthe mArI maMtrI che, keI sAthe mAre vera nathI, e bhAvanA aMtaramAM jAge. jainadharmane A pAyAnA siddhAMta che ke sarva jIva samAna che. A ApazyanI dRSTimAM, jIva eTale mAtra mAnavI nahi paNa kITa ane pataMgathI mAMDIne mAnava vagere sarva jIvane samAveza thAya che. jainadharma eka ja e dharma che ke jeNe kITaka-pataMga te zuM paNa vanaspati, pANI ane agni jevI jIvanazanya gaNAtI bhautika vastuomAM paNa jIvanatatva nihALyuM. A darzananI gahanatA vartamAna vijJAne have puravAra karI che. tyAre te bhagavAnanuM Atmadarzana ja hatuM. jainadharmanI ahiMsAno pAyo A sarva jIvanI samAnatAno siddhAMta che. ahiMsAnuM bIjuM pAnuM anubhavanI bhUmikA che. sarva jIva jIvavA irache che, koI maravA icchatuM nathI. tethI nimathe ghara evA prANavadhane tyAga AvuM Atmadarzana ke anubhUti kema thAya, temAM avarodha zA che, ane tene dUra kema karAya, tene sAdhanAmAga bhagavAne vistArathI samajAvyuM che. manuSyaprakRtimAM raheluM kaSA, kAma, krodha, mada, moha, lobha vagere A jJAnanA avarodhaka che. satata jAgRti, saMyama ane tapa A aM dhAne dUra karavAnA mAga che. bhagavAne kahyuM che: sallaM kAmA, visaM kAmA, kAmA AsI visovamA / kAme ya patthe mANA, akAmA janti doggaI //

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bhagavAna mahAvIra 141 vAsanAo-tRSNAo bhAre zalyarU5 che, jhera jevI che, bhayaMkara sarpa jevI che. je vAsanAone vaza paDI kAma-bhogane jhaMkhyA kare che teo kAma-bhogone pAmatA nathI ane chevaTe durgati pAme che. khaNametta sokkhA, bahukAla dukkhA / pagAma hukkhA, aNigAma sokkhA / .. saMsAra mokkhassa, vikkha bhUyA / khANI aNatthANa, u kAmabhogA / / kAma-bhoga kSaNa mAtra sukha ApanArA che ane lAMbA samaya sudhI duHkha ApanAra che. A kAma bhege AtmAnI pUrNa svataMtratA, eTale ke mokSanA bhAre zatruo che ane anarthonI moTI khANasamAna che. mukhopabheganI lAlasA peThe mANasamAM bIjI moTI kAmanA parigrahanI che. paragrahanI vAsanA mANa dhanathI, sattAthI athavA kItithI saMtoSavA prayatna kare che. potAnI jAtane vistAra karavo, potAne meTA mAnI moTA dekhAvuM e mAnavasvabhAvanuM lakSaNa che. keI dhanadolatathI moTAI mAne ane koI sattAthI, koI kItithI. AvA prakAranI moTAI pArakAnA bhoge ja maLe che. bIjAMne nAnAM karIne, bIjonuM laIne, bIjAnA upara sattA bhegavIne. AvA parigrahamehamAMthI chUTavA mATe bhagavAne kahyuM che ke A ' 'nahIM sumasa mu, mamaro Aviya ra na ca pukha vidaDhAmerUM, soya vaLarU karavayaM || bhamaro phUlamAMthI rasa cUse che ane potAnI jAtane nibhAve che paNa kulane keAI hAni karatA nathI. zreyAthI manuSyanA jIvanavyavahAra Avo hoya che? Asaktirahita, pramAdarahita, saMyamI, maitrI-karuNA-muditA evI bhAvanAothI otaprota. ' bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvanadarzanamAM ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa ane aparigrahanI jema anekAnta-daSTi paNa pradhAna che. matAgraha ke pUrvagrahane abhAva, satyajijJAsA, sahiSNutA, bIjAnA matane samajavAno prayatna-A bauddhika ahiMsA mahAvIranI vizeSatA che. mahAvIranA A jIvanadarzananI vartamAna yugamAM zI upayuktatA che ? A jIvanadarzananI trikALa upayuktatA che. e sanAtana satya che. AmAnubhavanI vANI che.

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142 taravavicAra ane abhivaMdanA esa dhamme dhruve nicce, sAsae jiNadesie / jinazAsita A dharma dhruva che, nitya che, zAzvata che. vartamAna jIvananI viSamatAo, azAnti, saMgharSo A dharmanI avagaNanAnuM pariNAma che. A dharma samAnatAne che. temAM sAcI lokazAhI che. temAM ucca-nIcanA bheda nathI, kALAgorAnA bheda nathI, garIba-tavaMgaranA bheda nathI. A dharmamAM sAro samAjavAda che. mUDIvAda, sAmyavAda ke vartamAna samAjavAda - e badhAM vAdamAM aparigrahanI bhAvanA nathI. e traNe vadanI jIvanadaSTi parigrahanI che, jIvananA ucca dhAraNane nAme asaMyamanI che. mUDIvAda bIjanA bhAge, thoDAo mATe parigraha kare che. sAmyavAda ke samAjavAda parigrahanI samavahecaNuM mAge che. paNa badhAnI daSTi te parigrahanI che. jIvananI jarUriyAta ochI karavI, jIvanamAM saMyama ane aparigraha keLavavo, e dharmanI daSTi che. temAM samAjanuM, sAcuM kalyANa che. badhA dharmapuruSa, te mahAvIra hoya, buddha heya, krAIsTa heya ke mahaMmada heya-saune A anubhava hai. mAnavInAM duHkha kaI Izvare mokalela. nathI. mANase pota potAnI prakRtithI, potAno svArthathI, potAnI kAmanAothI, utpanna karelAM che. mahAvIre kahyuM cheH appA kattA vikattA vA, dukkhANa suhANaya / __ appA mittamamittaM ca duppaSThiya supachio / / AtmA pota potAnAM duHkhone ane sukhane pedA karanAre che ane nAza karanAre che. samAgagAmI AtmA mitra che, durbhAgagAmI AtmA zatru che. mahAvIrane A saMdeza che. 16-4-71

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28 gevadhadhI, ahiMsA, saMrakSaNa ane govaMzapratibaMdhaka kAyado baMdhAraNanI kalama 48 mAM prabaMdha che ke * The state shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds and prohibiting the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and drought cattle.' "rAjane, khAsa karI gAya, vAcharaDAM ane bIjAM dudhALAM ane upayogI janAvaranI olAda jALavavA ane sudhAravA tathA temanI katala aTakAvavA pagalAM levAM. . suprIma korTe tene artha e karyo che ke (1) govadha ane bheMsanAM pADA tathA pADInA vadhane saMpUrNa pratibaMdha thaI zake. (2) bheMsa dUjhaNI hoya tyAM sudhI tathA khUTa ane baLada upayogI hoya tyAM sudhI temanA vadhane pratibaMdha thaI zake. (3). te upayogI ke dudhALAM na rahe tyAre temanA vadhane pratibaMdha baMdhAraNapura:sara nathI. . A kalama anvaye keTalAMka rAjyoe govadhaba dhInA kAyadAo karyA. temAM govadhabaMdhI uparAMta baLada, bheMsa, pADA vagere janAvaronA vadhanI paNa baMdhI karavAmAM AvI hatI. kasAIo ane musalamAna vatI A kAyadAne paDakAravAmAM AvyA hatAM. temAM mukhya be muddA upasthita karavAmAM AvyA hatAH (1) kasAIoe kahyuM hatuM ke A kAyadAthI vepAradhaMdho karavAnA temanA mULabhUta hakane bAdha Ave che. (2) musalamAe kahyuM hatuM ke bakarI Idane divase gehatyA karavI e islAma dharmanuM pharamAna che ane tethI A kAyadAthI temanA dhArmika ke ane mAnyatAonA mULabhUta adhikArane bAdha Ave che. chevaTe I. sa. 1958mAM suprIma korTe TharAvyuM ke gAyanI saMpUrNa vadhabaMdhI karavAmAM Ave tethI kasAI onA vepAradhaMdhAne keTaleka aMze bAdha Ave che te kharuM che paNa te hakka

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144 tattvavicAra ane bhavadanA upara AvI AMzika maryAdA ( Reasonable Restriction) mUkavAno rAjyane adhikAra che. te sAthe ema paNa karAvyuM ke gAya-bheMsanAM baccAM, dudhALI bheMsa, upayogI khaLada dhu upayAgI pADA ane sAMDha upara saMpUrNa vadhaadhI mukAya te paNa vAjamI che. paNa taddana vasUkI gaDhelI bheMsa, nirupayogI thayela baLada ke pAMDA ke sAMDhanI vadha-`dhI thAya ta vAjakhI nathI. musalamAnanI dhArmika mAnyatA vize korTe kahyuM ke govadha karavA ja joie evA kurAnamAM kAI Adeza hoya ke evI koI daDha dhArmika mAnyatA hoya tevA kAI purAvA korTa samakSa rajU thayA nathI. balke musalamAnanA samayamAM ane khAsa karIne akabare saMpUrNa gAvadhakhadhI karI hatI. gAya ane upacAgI baLada tathA pADAnI vadhakhadhI vAjakhI karAvatAM korTe kahyu tu : The cow and the working bullocks have on their patient back the whole structure of Indian Agriculture." arthAt gAya ane baLadanI khAMdha upara dezanI khetIvADIne! badhA AdhAra che. . suprIma kaoNTa nA A cukAdA pachI keTalAMka rAjyoe saMpUrNa govadhama dhI tathA dudhALI ane upayogI bheMsa, khaLada vagere janAvarAnI AMzika vadhakha dhInA. kAyadA karyA che. keTalAMka rAjyAmAM saMpUrNa nahi paNa AMzika gAvadhakhadhI thaI che. keTalAMka rAjyeAmAM bilakula evA kAyado nathI. eka sukhada Azraya - janaka hakIkata e che ke kAzmIramAM AvA kAyadA varSothI che. Ama, upayogI pazunI tala na thAya evA kAyadA varSothI che. tamAM prabaMdha che ke sarakAraniyukta adhikArI kAI pazu - mukhyatve khaLada - bilakula upayogI nathI evuM siTarphiTa na Ape tyAM sudhI tene vadha na thAya. sarakAra Ave! adhikArI niyukta kare che ane talakhAnA upara ta hAjara hoya che. paNa kAyadAnI dhruvI viDaMbanA thAya che tene anubhava khakarI hRdane divase mArA mitra zrI tulasIdAsa jiMtrAma khImajIne thayA ane temaNe je varNana karyu tathI mane kamakamAM AvyAM ane mArAM ruMvADAM UbhAM thaI gayAM. devanAra katalakhAnAmAM rAjanAM 6000 gheTAM-bakarAM uparAMta aThavADiye 1500 khaLadanI tala karavAnI chUTa heAya che. paNa bakarI IMdanA divase 400 baLadanI katala karavAnI A varSe (1977-78mAM) chUTa ApI hatI. have ATalA

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govadhabaMdhI, ahiMsA, gAvaza-pratibaMdhaka kAyado 145 badhA baLadane barAbara tapAsI e taddana nirupayogI che evuM sarTiphikeTa ApavuM hoya te ATha divasa lAge. seMkaDo kesAIe babbe phUTa lAMbA dhAradAra charAo laI UbhA hoya, mAMsa laI javA 200-250 moTare laI seMkaDo mANaso AvyA hoya, tyAM bicArA adhikArI zuM kare ? AMkho mIMcI sarTiphikeTa kADhI Ape. rU. 11 - bharI jevuM joIe tevuM sarTiphikeTa laI jAya. dhaDAdhaDa katala " thAya. cAre tarapha lohInI choLo UDe, mAMsanA locAnA kothaLA bharI bharI moTaramAM laI javAya. A kAyadAno amala kevI bedarakArIthI thAya che te batAvavA eka sarvodaya kAryaktae rU. 11/- bharI sarTiphikeTa lIdhuM. zrI tulasIdAsabhAInAM kapaDAM lohIthI kharaDAya ane A dazya joI temane cakkara AvI gayAM. sArA baLadenI katala thatI joI tamane jIva kaLI UThayo paNa zuM kare ? " A bAbatamAM mAtra kAnUna karavAthI govadhabaMdhI ke gosaMkSaNa thavAnuM nathI. tethI mAtra bhUmikA taiyAra thAya che. lekenI pharaja che ke A bAbatamAM teo pUre sahayoga Ape. vinobAjIe paNa A vAta para bhAra mUkyo che. eka e khoTe khyAla che ke mAMsAhAra baMdha thaze to leke bhUkhe maraze kAraNa ke anAja pUratuM nathI. mAMsAhAra saMpUrNa baMdha karavAnI vAta nathI. mAtra gAya ane govaMza pUratI vAta che. eTale AvI dalIlathI bhramamAM paDavAnI - jarUra nathI. ' ' - bIje khoTo khyAla e che ke gAya dUdha detI baMdha thAya ke vRddha thAya pachI tene nabhAvavI Arthika rIte nukasAnakAraka che. mAtra Arthika daSTi hoya te dalIlonI. bhramajALamAM paDI javAya. alabatta tene paNa sacoTa javAba che. dhArmika ke naitika praznone bAjue rAkhIe ane mAtra Arthika daSTie vicArIe te paNa A dalIla sarvathA pAyA vinAnI che. paNa AdhyAtmika ane nitika daSTine. pAyArUpa na banAvIe te vicAravamaLamAM gUMcavAyA karIe. e kharuM che ke A daSTie badhI jIvahiMsA rokavI joIe. paNa badhI rokI na zakIe mATe ATaluM paNa na karavuM evI bhramaNAmAM na paDIe. - thoDA vakhatathI eka navuM tUta UbhuM thayuM che. pazcimanuM anukaraNa karI, gAyanuM kRtrima garbhAdhAna karavAne cALo UpaDyo che. tethI dUdhanuM utpAdana vadhe che ema kahevAya che. pazcimamAMthI tyAMnA sAMDhAnuM vIrya maMgAvI, gAyanuM kRtrima garbhAdhAna karavAnuM zarU thayuM che ane kahevAtA gausevakoe A zarUAta ta. a. 10 . . . .

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146 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA karI che. A rIte dUdhanuM utpAdana kAMIka vadhe che paNa bIja bhayaMkara pariNAme Ave che. gAya nirbaLa thAya che. tenAM saMtAna nirbaLa thAya che. gAya mAtra dUdha utpanna karavAnuM yaMtra hoya tema tenA pratye vartana thAya che. kAmavAsanAnI tRpti vinA saMtAnotpatti karavI tenAM mAnasika, zArIrika ane naitika pariNAmo bhayaMkara che. vinobAjIe A vAtane sakhata virodha karyo che. pazcimamAM gAya pratye mAtra Arthika daSTi che. (Cow is meant only for milk and meat.) mAMsa ane dUdha mATe ja gAyane upayoga che. khetIpradhAna bhAratamAM gAyane upayoga ane uparakArakatA pazcima karatAM tadana judAM che te vAta pratye durlakSa thAya che. tyAM baLadanI jarUra nathI. ApaNe tyAM dara varSe lAkhA baLadanI jarUra che. ApaNuM arthataMtra baLada upara nirbhara che. pazcimamAM gAyane vAchaDo janma tA turata katalakhAne mokale che; kRtrima garbhAdhAnathI thatA vAchaDA ati nirbaLa hoya che. tethI ApaNe tyAM kRtrima garbhAdhAna karatI vyaktie, vAchaDAne mArI nAkhe che athavA maravA de che. gAya eka yaMtra pake saMtAna pedA kare ane saMtAna pratye vAtsalya dAkhavavAnI ke tene uchera karavAnI tene taka na apAya te keTalI moTI pharatA che tene thoDo vicAra karatAM paNa dhrujI UThIe. paNa virodha chatAM, A prayoga kahevAtA gesevAo zarU karyo che. A viSaye eTalA mATe lakhyuM che ke jene jIvadayA pAchaLa lAkho rUpiyA kharce che. paNa moTe bhAge tene dhyeya thAya che. katalakhAnethI pazu choDAvavA e ja puNya manAya che pachI te pazunuM zuM thAya che te kaI jotuM nathI. pArApaLe moTe bhAge jena ane vaiSNavo calAve che. te reDhiyALa rIte cAle che. temAM vyavasthA nathI, dIrdhadaSTi nathI. prajAkIya dhoraNe puruSArtha karavAnI jarUra che. vinobAjIe go-sadano racavAM, gobaramAMthI gesanuM utpAdana karI tene gAmaDegAmaDe upayoga karavo vagere yojanAo ghaDI che. jene jIvadayA pAchaLa lAkha rUpiyA kharce che, tene AvI racanAtmaka dizAmAM upayoga thAya te jarUranuM che. jIvadayA karavAnI paraMparAgata rIta badalAvI Avo sadupayoga thAya te dizAmAM prayatno karavA joIe. ahiMsApremIo pitAne dharma vicAra ane kAme lAge. - govadhabaMdhInA anusaMdhAnamAM sarva jIva pratye karuNA ane ahiMsAne vicAra karIe. dhArmika dRSTie dalIla karavAnI rahetI ja nathI, A ja dharma che, mAnavatA che. paNa ApaNe pramAdathI, svArthathI, vinAkAraNa, TALI zakAya evI hiMsA karIe chIe te tarapha ApaNuM lakSa nathI. ApaNuM baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra thAya che temAM nAgarikanI mULabhUta pharajane ullekha karavAmAM Avyo

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govadhabaMdhI, ahiMsA, gAvaza-pratibaMdhaka kAyado che. svarNasiMdha samitie ATha phara batAvI hatI. temAMnI ghaNI pheravI nAkhI che. eka pharaja pUrI mUkI che. te vAMcI khUba AnaMda thayo. te A pramANe cheH 'It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including the forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have a compassion for living creatures.' bhAratanA dareka nAgarikanI pharaja raheze ke vane, sarovara, nadIo ane vanyaprANIo sahita kudaratI pradezanI rakSA karavI ane tene sudhAravI temaja badhA jIvo pratye karuNa rAkhavI. pradUSaNathI mANasane ghaNI hAni thAya che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa pArAvAra hiMsA thAya che. AvuM pradUSaNa rokavuM. eTaluM ja nahi paNa (sakriya rIte) badhA jIvo pratye karuNa rAkhavI. e dareka nAgarikanI mULabhUta pharaja bane che. tene amala thAya to A bhAratavarSamAM ahiMsAne jayajayakAra thAya. sarakAra paNa aneka prakAre hiMsAnuM kAma kare che. mAMsanI moTA pAyA upara nikAsa thAya che. deDakAMonAM jIbha tathA paga, pakSIo, 5 ane anya prANIonI cAmaDI vagerenI nikAsa thAya che te have baMdha thAya ane nAgarikanI mULabhUta pharajasarva prANIo pratye karuNAne sarakAra pote ane ApaNe sau amala karI suMdara dAkhalo besADIe evI prArthanA. . ["govadhabaMdhI ane ahiMsA, "sarva prANa pratye karuNa" (e bane vize tA. 16-9-76nA "prabuddha jIvanamAM prakaNa nedha), "govadhabaMdhI ane gesaMrakSaNa" (tA. 16-9-77nA "prabuddha jIvana'mAM lekha) ane "go ane govaMzapratibaMdha kAyado " (tA. 16-12-78nA "prabuddha jIvana mAM prakIrNa beMdha) parathI saMkalita '

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29 mULa adhikAra (Fundamental Rights ) ApaNA dezanA baMdhAraNanA bhAga trIjAmAM nAgarikanA mULa adhikAra ApavAmAM AvyA che. tA. ra7-ra-17ne divase suprIma korTe eka cukAdo A ke A adhikAro chInavI le athavA nyUna (take away or abridge) thAya evo, baMdhAraNamAM koI pheraphAra karavAnI pArlAmenTane sattA nathI. pArlAenTane AvI sattA che te spaSTa karavA, baMdhAraNanI kalama 368mAM pheraphAra karatA eka kharaDe I. sa. 1969mAM zrI nAthe pAIe lokasabhAmAM rajU karyo hato. - sAmAnyapaNe lekamAM evo khyAla che ke mULa adhikAramAM pheraphAra karI zakAya nahi. vizeSa e paNa khyAla che ke suprIma kaTa cukAdo Ape te chevaTane gaNA jaIe ane pachI te cukAdo rada thAya evo ke kAyado pArlAmenTa karavo na joIe. suprIma korTanA cukAdAne avagaNato koI kAyado thAya te lake anya gaNe che. A badhA ati agatyanA prazno che. baMdhAraNamAM je pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA che tene anukrame pahele, bIje, trIje vagere sudhArA ema kahevAmAM Ave che. AvI rIte Aja sudhI kula sattara sudhArAo thayA che. temAM pahelA, cothA, sAtamA, soLamA tathA sattaramAM sudhArAthI mULa adhikAromAM pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA che. paheluM sudhAro tha tyAre ja, mULa adhikAra chInavI le athavA nyUna kare evo pheraphAra karavAnI pArlAmenTane sattA nathI evI arajI suprIma korTane karavAmAM AvI hatI. A prazanI pUrI chaNAvaTa thaI hatI ane suprIma korTe tA. pa-10-51ne roja sarvAnumate cukAdo Apyo hato ke baMdhAraNamAM A pheraphAra karavAnI pArlAmenTane sattA che. A cukAdo ApanAra pAMca nyAyAdhIza hatA : (1) vaDA nyAyamUrti harilAla kaNiyA, (ra) pataMjali zAstrI, (3) bI. ke. mukharajI, (4) e. Ara. dAsa ane (5) caMdrazekhara Ayara. AmAMnA keTalAka pAchaLathI eka pachI eka vaDA nyAyamUti thayA. A kesamAM arajadAra zaMkara prasAda hatA.

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mULa adhikAra 149 A cukAdAne mAnya rAkhI, tyArapachI, suprIma korTa, hAIkorTa ane bIjI korTamAM ghaNA cukAdA apAyA che. tyArapachI 1964mAM sattaramA sudhArA thayA jeNe mULa adhikArAmAM keTalAka pheraphAro karyA. pharIthI suprIma korTane arajI karavAmAM AvI ke AvA pheraphAra karavAnI pArlAmaeNnTane sattA nathI. A kesamAM arajadAra sajjanasiMha hatA. A arajImAM zaMkarIprasAdanA "sanA cukAdAne paDakAravAmAM AvyA na hatA. khaMte pakSe svIkAyuM hatuM ke cukAdA kharAkhara che. paNa khIjAM kAraNeAthI sattaramA sudhArAne paDakAravAmAM AvyA hatA. suprIma korTe sarvAnumate A bIjA kAraNeAte mAnya rAkhyAM nahi. paNa A TaeNsamAM cukAdA ApyA te pAMca jajoe zaMkarIprasAdanA cukAdAne paNa pharIthI tapAsyAje jarUranuM taMtu -ane tama karatAM, traNa jogajendragaDakara, vAMchu ane raghuvara dayAle, za karIprasAdanA cukAdAnuM pUrNa sama na karyuM; e jajo, muddAlakara ane hidAyatullAe A' cuAdA vize zakA uDDAvI; sattaramA sudhArA suprIma kaoNrTe A kesamAM sarvAnumate mAnya rAkhyA. 1965mAM gAlakanAtha nAmanI vyaktie suprIma koTa te arajI karI pharIthI muddA uThAvye ke sattaramA sudhArA karavAnI pArlAmenTane sattA na hatI, zakarIprasAdanA kesane cukAdA khATA che ane suprIma korTe pharIthI tenI vicAraNA karavI joIe. sajjanasiMhanA kesamAM be jajoe za karIprasAdanA kaisanA cukAdA viSe zaMkA uThAvI hatI tenA AdhAre laI suprIma kaoNrTa te cukAdAnI gelakanAthanA kesamAM pharI vicAraNA karI. A vakhatanA vaDA nyAyamUrti jasTIsa subbArAva daDhapaNe evA matanA hatA, ke pArlAmaeNnTane AvI sattA hevI na joIe. eTale temaNe 11 jajonI kheMca racI, zakarIprasAdanA cukAdAne khadalAvavA taka lIdhI. khIjA kAI vaDAnyAyamUrti hAta tA kadAca Avu banyuM na heta. A vakhate je 11 jajoe A kesa sAMbhaLyA, temAMthI 6 joe zaMkarIprasAda desanA cukAdAne khoTA TharAvyA. pAMca jajoe tenuM samarthana karyuM'. eTale ekanI bahumatIthI za karIprasAdanA kesane cukAdo rada thayA ane pArlAmenTane mULa adhikAra chInavI levAya athavA nyUna thAya evA baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra karavAnI sattA nathI ema e vakhate suprIma korTano nirNaya thayI gaNAya. AvI rIte, 16 varSa pachI, suprIma kaoNrTa ekanI bahumatIrthI, peAtAne abhiprAya badalAvyA. saMkhyAnI dRSTie joIe tA za'karIprasAdanA kesamAM pAMca jajoe sarvAMnumate cukAdo ApyA, sajjanasiMhanA kesamAM traNu jajoe tenu pUrNa samarthana

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150. tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA karyuM, ane golakanAthanA kesamAM pAMca jajoe tenuM samarthana karyuM. eTale 13 jajoe abhiprAya Apyo ke pArlAmenTane AvI sattA che ane 8 jajoe e abhiprAya Apyo ke sattA nathI. temAM sajajanasiMhanA kesamAM je be jaje hatA-vAMchu ane hidAyatulA-teo golanAthanA kesamAM paNa hatA, temAMthI vAMchue zaMkara prasAdanA kesanuM samarthana kareluM te abhiprAya kAyama rAkhyA, jyAre hidAyatullAe zaMkA uThAvelI te pAkI thaI ane zaMkara prasAdanA cukAdAthI viruddha mata Ape. ekaMdare A praznanI cokkasapaNe vicAraNuM karavAnI jene jarUra paDI evA 19 jajemAMthI 1ra jajoe pArlAmenTane sattA che e abhiprAya ApyuM, ane 7 jajoe sattA nathI evo abhiprAya Apyo. paNa galakanAthanA kesanA 11 jajemAM 6 jajene eka abhiprAya thayo - jemAM hidAyatulA eka che - eTale bahumatI abhiprAya chevaTane gaNAya.' praznanA guNadoSane vicAra karatAM pahelAM, ATalI vigatathI meM A praznane ItihAsa Ape che, te e batAvavA mATe ke A prazna keTale aTapaTa eNane tene vize keTale tIvra matabheda hoI zake che. vaLI suprIma korTanA cukAdAne ApaNe jarUra mAna ApIe; paNa suprIma korTanA jajemAM ja tIvra matabheda hoya tyAre A cukAde chevaTane athavA aMtima satya che ema mAnavAne kAraNa rahetuM nathI. dareka jaje, pitAne abhiprAya ApatAM, sabaLa kAraNe ApyAM che, je heve pachI TUMkamAM batAvIza. AvA saMjogomAM, je pArlAmenTa, baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra karI, spaSTa karavA irache ke mULa adhikAromAM pheraphAra karavAnI tene sattA che-je sattA suprIma korTe 1951mAM mAnya rAkhI hatI-tA pArlAmenTa I bhAre anartha karI rahI che athavA suprIma korTane meTA anAdara karI rahI che ema kaI samajadAra vyakti nahi kahe. nyAyAlayone jarUrI ane pUrNa Adara karavo joIe-khAsa karI sarvocca adAlatane. nAgarika hakkonA e cokIdAra che ane rAjyanA anyAyothI prajAne bacAvanAra che. paNa tenI maryAdA paNa samajI levI joIe. pArlAmenTa ane nyAyAlaye potAnI maryAdAmAM sarvoparI che. aMte to prajAnA cuMTAyelA pratinidhionI saMsthA ja rAjyanI nIti ghaDI zake chete yogya hoya ke anya saMsthA pratye tiraskAra keLavavAthI lokazAhIne ja nukasAna karIzuM. have A praznanA guNadoSa upara vicAra karIe. temAM be mukhya muddA ramAyelA che :

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mULa adhikAra 151 (1) baMdhAraNa mujaba mULa adhikAramAM koI adhikAra rada karavAnI athavA nyUna karavAnI sattA pArlAmenTane che ke nahi ? (2) AvI sattA pArlAmenTane hovI jarUranI athavA ISTa che ke nahi ? suprIma korTa samakSa pahelo prazna ja hatA. kaTe kAyadAne artha karavAne che. tenI yogyatA athavA ayogyatA, jarUriyAta athavA binajarUriyAta A prazno rAjakIya nItinA che, je prajAnA cuMTAyelA pratinidhio - jemane kAyadA dhaDavAnI sattA che - temaNe nakkI karavAnA che. Parliament represents the will of the people. je ATalI ja vAta che te A bAbata ATalo badho matabheda kema thayo ? A praznane nirNaya baMdhAraNanI be kalame upara AdhAra rAkhe che. kalama 368mAM baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra, kevI rIte thaI zake tenI prakriyA (procedure) batAvI che. sAmAnya kAyadA sAmAnya bahumatIthI thaI zake. baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra karatA kAyadA mATe, tenI agatya jotAM, viziSTa bahumatInI jarUra rahe che. vaLI baMdhAraNanA keTalAka bhAgo evA che je rAjyo ane kendra vaccenA saMbaMdhane lagatA che, temAM koI pheraphAra karavo hoya to rAjyonI saMmati meLavavAnI rahe che. kalama 368 mujaba baMdhAraNanA kaI paNa bhAgamAM - pachI te mULa adhikArone lagatA hoya to paNa - tenI prakriyA mujaba pArlAmenTa pheraphAra karI zake che. kalama 368mAM e koI ullekha nathI ke baMdhAraNanA koI bhAgamAM pArlAmenTa pheraphAra karI na zake. te pachI muzkelI kyAM UbhI thaI ? * mULa adhikArone lagatA je bhAga che tenI kalama 14 thI 34 che. te bhAganI zarUAtamAM kalama 13 mI che, jemAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke A bhAgamAM (mULa adhikArone lagatA bhAgamAM) je adhikAne ullekha che temAMthI koI adhikAra chInI letA athavA nyUna karatA (take away or abridge karate) kAyado rAjya (state)-jemAM pArlAmenTano paNa samAveza thAya che-karI zakaze nahi. ane e koI kAyado karaze te jeTale daraje ullaMdhana karatA hoya teTale daraje te kAyado rada gaNAze. te TUMkI mudo eTalo ja che ke je kAyadAne A kalama 13 mAM ullekha che. te kahe kAyado ? kAyadA be prakAranA che: eka sAmAnya bahumatI-by legislative process-thI thAya te. A kAyade baMdhAraNanI rUe, baMdhAraNa mujabaunder the constitution or in accordance with the

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tattvavicAra ane abhivadanA constitution karela kAyadA che. khIjA prakAranA kAyadA ta khadhAraNamAM ja pheraphAra karatA kAyadA-constitutional amendment. AvA prakAra kAyadA pArlAmaeNnTa kare tyAre mAtra legislative process nathI, paNa constituent power-khadhAraNa ghaDavAnI ane temAM pheraphAra karavAnI sattAne amala kare che. je jajoe pArlAmaeNnTane mULa adhikAramAM pheraphAra karavAnI sattA che ema TharAvyuM temaNe kalama 13 nA evA atha karyA ke temAM je kAyadAnA ullekha che te sAmAnya kAyado, badhAraNamAM pheraphAra karatA kAyado niu, gAlakanAthanA samAM je cha jajoe pArlAmaeNnTane AvI sattA nathI ema karAvyu temaNe e abhiprAya ApyA ke kalama 13 mAM jaNAvela kAyadAmAM baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra karatA kAyadAne paNa samAveza thAya che, mATe pArlAmaeNnTa evA kAi kAyadA karI. zakatI nathI. 152 zakarIprasAdanA kesamAM 1951 mAM A praznanA prathama cukAdo suprIma korTa Apyo te temAMnA be phakarAthI spaSTa thaze: The State ' includes parliament (article 12) and law" must include a constitutional amendment. Although "law' must ordinarily include Constitutional law, there is a clear demarcation between ordinary law which is made in the exercise of legislative power and Constitutional law which is made in exercise of constituent power. 66 "We have here two Articles, each of which is widely phrased, but conflicts in its operation with the other. Harmonious Construction requires that one should be read as controlled and qualified by the other." zaMkarIprasAdanA kesamAM pAMca jajoe sarvAnumata A pramANe atha karyAM. geAlakanAtha kesanA cha jo jeNe viruddha abhiprAya ApyA temAMnA nIcenA phakarAothI matabheda spaSTa thaze : "An amendment of the constitution is made only by legislative process with ordinary majority or special majority as the case may be. Therefore, amendments

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mULa adhikAra 153 under article 368 or under other articles are made only by Parliament by following the legislative process adopted by it in making other law. In the premises, an amendment of the Constitution can be nothing but law ''. "Our Constitution adopted a novel method in the sense that Parliament makes the amendment by legislative process subject to certain restrictions and that the Amendment so made being "law" is subject to Article 13 (2)." je pAMca jajoe zaMkarIprasAdanA presanuM samarthana karyuM temanI vatI jasTIsa vAMcchue kahyuM : "If we look at the quality and nature of what is done under articlc 368, we find that it is the exercise of Constituent power......and is very different from the exercise of ordinary legislative power... What emerges after the procedure under article 368 is gone through is not ordinary legislation but an amendment of the Constitution which becomes a part of the fundamental law itself." geAlakanAthanA kesamAM ApaNA AkhA baMdhAraNanI khUba jhINavaTapUrvaka ane vistArathI chaNAvaTa thaI che, khIjA dezanAM badhAraNAnA ullekhA thayA che, ane vidvattApUrNa ane sabaLa dalIlA sahitanA cukAdA baMne pakSe apAyA che. sAmAnya janane Azcaya thAya ke kAyadAnA artha karavAmAM vaLI ATale adhA tIvra matabheda aaN ? hakIkatamAM, kAyadAnA amala karavAmAM aneka muzkelIo UbhI thAya che. tenI bhASA kharAkhara na heAya, e bhASAmAM bhAva kharAkhara AvyA na hoya, ekathI vizeSa artha sa Mbhavita heAya. A tA sAmAnya muzkelI thaI. vizeSamAM, badhI bAbatAnA prabaMdha kAyadAmAM thaI zakatA nathI. palaTAtA saMjogA pramANe teneA artha karavA paDe che. khAsa karI, khaMdhAraNIya prazno haiAya tyAM AvI muzkelIo vizeSa rahe che. dAkhalA tarIke,

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154 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'danA aMdhAraNanI kalama 19 mujaba dareka nAgarikane vepAra athavA dhaMdhA karavAno mULa adhikAra che. paNa e ja lamamAM A mULa adhikAra upara, samAjahitamAM vyAjabI aMkuza mUkavAnI rAjyane sattA che. kaMpanI la!mAM AvA aMkuzo che. dANacArI khUba thatA hAya tA vepAra upara aMkuza mukAya. evI ja rIte bIndra - vANIsvAtaMtrya, sabhA bharavI - vagere adhikAro vize paNa have vyAjakhI aMkuzA ane kahevA ? pArlAmaeNnTane vyAjakhI lAge, kATane vyAjakhI na lAge. legal ane judiciary vacce saMgharSanuM mULa AmAM rahyuM che. kAyadAnA artha karavAmAM mAtra zabdonA artha thatA nathI. jaja paNa chevaTe eka cAkkasa abhiprAya dharAvatI vyakti che. alabatta, potAnA abhiprAyAne kAyadAno artha karatI vakhate vacce lAvavA na joIe. A kahevu saheluM che. suprIma kaoNrTe ja eka kesamAM kahyuM cheH 'In evaluating such elusive factors (like reasonable restriction) and forming their own conclusion of what is reasonable, in all the circumstances of a given case it is inevitable that the social philosophy and the scale of values of the judges participating in the decision should play an important part and the limit to their interference with legislative judgement in such cases can only be dictated by their sense of responsibility and self-restraint and the sobering reflection that the constitution is meant, not only for people of their way of thinking but for all and that the majority of the elected representatives of the people in authorising the imposition of the restrictions, considered them to be reasonable." je cha jajoe pArlAmenTane AvI sattA nathI evu karAvyu. temaNe mULa adhikArA zA che, tenu svarUpa, temAM pheraphAra kema na thaI zake, tema karavA devAya tA kevuM aniSTa thAya vagere praznonI lakhANathI carcA karI che: je pAMca jajoe pArlAmaeNnTane AvI sattA che ema TharAvyuM temaNe A badhAne sakhaLa javAba ApyA che. zakarIprasAdanA kesamAM AvI carcA thaI nathI. e sanA

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mULa adhikAra 155 jajoe legal interpretction mukhya dhyeya rAkhyuM. meM upara jaNAvyuM tema bIjo prazna pArlAmenTane sattA hovI joIe ke nahi te rAjanItine che, pArlAmenTane adhikAra che, keTane nahi. paNa jyAM ekathI vizeSa artha thaI zake athavA karI zakAya, tyAM ajANapaNe paNa potAne abhiprAya jajanA nirNayamAM agatyano bhAga bhajave tevuM bane che. AvI sattA hAvI na joIe mATe nathI evA nirNaya upara AvI javAya. Ama karavA jatAM, jaje kAyadAnA artha kare che eTaluM ja nahi paNa navo kAyado kare che je temanA adhikAramAM nathI. golakanAthanA kesanI samIkSA karatAM, mahArASTra rAjyanA eDavokeTa janarala sIravAIe kaTAkSamAM kahyuM che : "But apparently, modern theories of judicial function in a dynamic society confers on the highest court of the country and on that court alone, a power to make laws for the country, including an amendment of its constitution, a power denied to Parliament...... It is submitted that such claim made for the judicial function has no place in our Constitution." : eka amerikana jaje kahyuM che tema ". It is an exercise of the powers of a super legislature, not the performance of the Constitutional function of judicial review." . golakanAthanA kesamAM jasTIsa bacAvate kahyuM : "Such a naked power of amendment of the Constitution is not given to the judges." - have pArlAmenTane AvI sattA levI jarUranI athavA iSTa che ke nahi te vicArIe. A prazna samajavA mULa adhikAronuM svarUpa samajavuM paDaze. A adhikAro A prakAranA che: (1) samAnatA-Right to Equality, (2) svAtaMtrya-Right to Freedom, (3) zeSaNavirodhI adhikAra-Right against Exploitation, (%) 47deg291434-Right to Freedom of Religion, (5) sAMskRtika ane zaikSaNika adhikAra-Cultural and

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156 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA Educational Rights, (f) febdal Go-Right to Property, (7) adAlatI saMrakSaNa adhikAra-Right to Constitutional Remedics. AmAMnA keTalAka ke mAnavInA mULabhUta adhikAro-Human Rights-che je kaMI paNa lokazAhI rAjyataMtramAM dareka mAnavIne levA joIe. vyaktinA A adhikArIne samAjahitamAM ghaNI maryAdAo che paNa evI maryAdAo mUkavAnI rAjyanI sattAne paNa maryAdA che. AmAMnA keTalAka hako bhAratanI paristhiti aMgenA khAsa che. dA. ta., aspRzyatAnAbUdI-samAnatAnA hakanuM aMga che. ApaNA deza bahubhASI, bahujAtIya, bahudharmo-multilingual, multi-racial, multi-religious che. vaLI ghaNI pachAta dhame che. AvI laghumatIonA sAMskRtika, zikSaNika ane dhArmika hakakonA rakSaNa mATe ane temanuM zoSaNa na thAya te mATe keTalAka adhikArIne mULabhUta gaNyA che. ApaNA baMdhAraNanI eka vizeSatA che. temAM mULabhUta adhikAro ApyA che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa rAjanItinA mArgadarzaka siddhAMtA-Directive Principies of State Policy-paNa ApyA che. rAjyanI pharajo-rAja zuM karavAnuM che te paNa batAvyuM che. baMdhAraNanA uddeza mujaba dezanA badhA nAgarike mATe sAmAjika, Arthika ane rAjanaitika nyAya, svataMtratA, samAnatA ane baMdhutva-Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity-siddha karavAnA che. A siddhi mATe ghaNuM karavAnuM rahe che. sthApita hitA, A AdarzanI siddhimAM avarodhI hoya to temane nAbUda karavA paDe. baMdhAraNanA cothA bhAgamAM rAjyanI A pharajeno ullekha che. baMdhAraNanI kalama 37mAM kahyuM che ke A siddhAMta paNa fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principles in making laws. A siddhAMta mujaba, dAkhalA tarIke, rAjya potAne nIti evI rAkhavI ke samAjanI bhautika sAdhanasaMpattinI mAlikI ane aMkuza sArvajanika hita mATe hoya ane ijArAzAhI pedA na thAya; Arthika jarUri. yAtanA kAraNe, tAnI uMmara ke zaktine ayogya kAme nAgarike karavA na paDe ane temanI tAkAta ane taMdurastIne bhAga na levAya. kAma karavAnA, zikSaNa prApta karavAnA, bekArI, vRddhAvasthA ke azakti jevA saMkaTakALe sarakArI madada meLavavAnA haka nAgarikane rahe. da varSanI vaya sudhInAM bALako mATe pharajiyAta ane maphata zikSaNanI jogavAI karavI, dalita vargonI rakSA karavI, khetIvADIpazupAlana-gRhaudyogone adyatana Dhabe vikasAvavA, AvI ghaNI pharaje rAjya upara

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mULa adhikAra 157 baMdhAraNamAM nekhavAmAM AvI che. kalyANa rAjyane Adarza hoya te rAjyanI A pharajo mULabhUta ane pAyAnI tathA sarvoparI che. paNa mULabhUta hakako ane rAjyanItine nidezaka siddhAMtomAM eka mATe pharaka che. mULabhUta hakone amala korTa mAraphata karAvI zakAya. nirdezaka siddhAMtane amala kaTa mAraphata na thaI zake. kAraNa spaSTa che. mULabhUta hakamAM rAjya zuM na karavuM tene prabaMdha che. nirdezaka siddhAMtomAM rAjyoe zuM karavuM ene prabaMdha che. Fundamental rights represent the limits of state action; Directive principles of siate policy are the obligations and the duties of ihe government as a good and social government. rAye zuM na karavuM te mATe keTa hukama karI amala karAvI zake che, paNa zuM karavuM te kaeNTa nakakI paNa na karI zake ane amala paNa karAvI na zake. chatAM rAjya mATe te rAjyanItinA nirdezaka siddhAti eTalA ja, kadAca vizeSa, agatyanA che. be vacce virodha thAya te zuM karavuM ? dA. ta., mULabhUta hakamAM milakatane haka che. eTale ke dareka nAgarikane milakata meLavavAne ane dharAvavAne adhikAra che, ane vaLatara ApyA vinA rAjya koInI milakata laI zakyuM nathI. paNa saMpattinI mAlikI ane a kuza sArvajanika hita mATe thAya ane ijArAzAhI na thAya e rAjyanItine siddhAMta che. keTa mULabhUta hakane amala kare; rAjyane sAmAjika hitanA siddhAMtane amala karavo che ane mULabhUta hakane kaTa karela artha mujaba, siddhAMtane amala na thAya te mULabhUta hakamAM pheraphAra karavo ja rahyo. kaeNTe ema kahyuM che ke banatAM sudhI harmonious interpretation karavuM. paNa ema banyuM nathI ane tethI mULabhUta hakomAM pheraphAra karavAnI pharaja paDI che. te have pachI jarA vigatathI vicArIe. | mULabhUta haka nyUna karavAne pArlAmenTane adhikAra nathI evuM je jajoe kahyuM che temaNe mULabhUta hakone bhAvanAtmaka svarUpa ApavA keTalAMka vizeSa lagADayAM : Transcendental, Natural, Immutable, Sacro-sanct, Inalienable and inviolable. jANe A kaI Izvaradatta adhikAro hoya jemAM mAnavIe mAthuM mAravuM e guno che. alabatta, keTalAka adhikArI evA che ke je dareka mAnavIne havA ja joIe ane rAjya te chInavI na zake. dA. ta., vANIsvAtaMtraya, samAnatA, dharmasvAtaMtrya vagere. paNa A haka keNa chInavI levAnuM che? koI paNa pArlAmenTa e karavAno prayatna karaze to UkhaDI jaze. 20 : varSamAM evuM kAMI thayuM che ? paNa A viSe vadhu vigata ApavI jarUrI lAge che.

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158 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA pArlAmenTane mULabhUta haka na karavAno adhikAra nathI evuM je jajoe kahyuM temanI samakSa be moTI muzkelIo AvIne UbhI rahI. eka, e ke 1951thI mULabhUta hakemAM keTalAka mahattvanA pheraphAra thayA che, khAsa karI milaktanA hakamAM jene AdhAre dezamAM, cIpha jasTIsa mubArAvane zabdomAM kahIe to moTe Agrarian Revolution thaI gaye. jamInadArIo nAbUda thaI ane lAkha ekara jamInanI heraphera thaI. je A pheraphAra karavAne pArlAmenTane DuMka na hatA tA.1951thI karela pheraphAro badhA gerabaMdhAraNIya gaNAvA joIe ane tene AdhAre jamInadArIo nAbUda thaI che te pAchI lAvavI joIe. A nirNaya korTa mATe paNa azakaya hatA. evuM kAMI karavAnA prayatna kare to moTo baLavo thAya. eTale bahumatI cukAdo Apyo te cha jajoe eka navo mArga zo. . A navo mArga prospective overruling eTale ke Aja sudhI. pArlAmenTa je karyuM te gerabaMdhAraNIya hatuM chatAM baMdhAraNIya gaNavuM ane have pachI pArlAmenTane tema karavAne adhikAra nathI ema jAhera karavuM. A amerikana doctrine che. ApaNA baMdhAraNane anukULa nathI, chatAM tene lagADI dIdhuM. cIpha jasTIsa mubArAve kahyuM: "As this Court for the first time has been called upon to apply the doctrine evolved in a different country under different circumstances, we would like to more varily." A navA siddhAMta viSe jasTIsa vAMchue kahyuM: "We must say we are not prepared to accept the doctrine of prospective overruling." . jasTIsa bacAvate kahyuM : " If they ( amendments of fundamental rights by Parliament ) are void, they do not legally exist from their very inception. They cannot be valid from 1951 to 1967 and invalid thereafter." paNa cIpha jasTIsa mubArAvanA abhiprAya mujaba te A sudhArAo 1967 pachI paNa gerakAyadesara nathI. tene te kAyama mATe kAyadesara TharAvyA. je sattaramAM sudhArAne temaNe gerakAyadesara gaNyo ane jene mATe galakanAthe arajI karI hatI te sudhAro karavAne pArlAmenTane adhikAra nathI ema kahI te sudhArA kAyama mATe svIkAryo ane galakanAthanI arajI kADhI nAkhI. cha

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mULa adhikAra 159 jajono cukAdo kAyadAmAM jene obiter kahe che, binajarUrI abhiprAya te raco. A navA amerikana Doctrinene badale ApaNe tyAM bIje siddhAMta cheH Stare Decisis. eka cukAda lAMbe vakhata svIkArAya heya ane tene pariNAme bIjA ghaNA kAyadAo ane Arthika vyavahAra thayA hoya to lAMbA samaya pachI te cukAdo barAbara na hatA ema lAge to paNa, tene rada karavAthI aneka anartho pedA thAya to tene kAyama rAkhavo. Let the decision stand. A saMbaMdhe jasTIsa vAMchue kahyuM : - The is ile fittest possible case in which the principle of Stare Decisis should be applied." "We would be very reluctant to over-rule the unanimous decision in Sankari Prasad's case or any other unanimous decision by the slender majority of one in a larger Bench constituted for the purpose." cha ja samakSa bIjI paNa meTI muzkelI hatI. mULabhUta adhikAra immutable che ema karAvavuM adharuM hatuM. cIpha jasTIsa subArAve ja jaNAvyuM : . "An.unamendable constitution is the worst tyranny of time or rather the very tyranny of time." "... It is impossiple to conceive of an unamendable Constitution as anything but a contradiction in terms." jasTIsa hidAyatullAe kahyuM ke rAjyane (the state jemAM pArlAmenTa AvI jAya) haMmezAM baMdhAraNamAM pheraphAra karavAno adhikAra che ja. te pachI ahIM kema nathI ? kAraNa ke, temanA kahevA mujaba, baMdhAraNa ghaDatI vakhate rAye svecchAe A adhikAra jatA ryo che. to have zuM karavuM ? temanI sUcanA mujaba bIjI Constituent Assembly bolAvavI joIe. koNa bolAve ? pArlAmenTa ja. "The State must reproduce the power which it has chosen to put under restraint, Parliament must amend

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160 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA article 368 to convoke another constituent assembly; * that assembly may be able to abridge or take away fundamental Rights, if desired." A dalIlane javAba ApatAM eDavokeTa janarala sIravAI kahe che : "On principle, it is difficult to understand how, if a freely elected Parliament cannot be trusted to amend Part III as provided by Article 368, another body, set up by the same parliament, can aquire higher Authority, Therefore, a Constituent Assembly is either legally impossible or wholly unnecessary." : cha jajoe A cukAdo kema ApyAM ? eka te ema kahevAya ke temaNe baMdhAraNano sAco artha karyo che paNa 13 jajoe bIjo abhiprAya Apyo che ane mAtra baMdhAraNane artha ja karavo hatA to bIjI badhI carcA asthAne hatI. paNa emane ema paNa hatuM ke AvI sattA pArlAmenTane heAya te gya nathI. kema ? cIpha jasTIsa subArAve kahyuM che : "Such a restrictive power gives stability to the Country and prevents it from passing under a totaliterian or dictatorial regime." "Should we hold that...Parliament had power to take away fundamental rights, a time might come when we would gradully and imperceptibly pass under a totalitarian rule." jasTIsa hidAyatullAe kahyuM che : " The apprehnsion is that democracy may be lost if there is no liberty based on law and law based on equality. The protection of the Fundamental Rights is necessary so that we may not walk in fear of democracy itself."

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mULa adhikAra 11 eNTale leAkazAhInA rakSaNa mATe pArlAmaeNnTane AvI sattA hevI na joIe ema temaNe mAnyuM. prajAnA cUMTAyela pratinidhione avizvAsa karavA e jo leAkazAhIka hAya tA kAM sudhI evI leAkazAhI TakavAnI ? chevaTa mULabhUta adhikAra baMdhAraNamAM kANe mUkA che prajAnA cUMTAyela pratinidhie ke kaoNTa ? ane jo pArlAmaeNnTa upara AvA aMkuza mUkavAmAM Ave ane pArlAmaeNnTane jarUra lAge tevA pheraphAra karI na zake tA tene! zA vikalpa rahyo ? maLavA karave athavA baMdhAraNane phagAvI devuM. AvA saMjogA utpanna karavAthI leAkazAhI Takaze ? jasTIsa vAMcchue A dalIlane "Argument of Fear " kahyo. temaNe kahyuM che : Making our constitution rigid will not stop the frightfulness which is conjured up before us... an interpretation which makes our constitution rigid...will make a violent revolution followed by frightfulness... a nearer possibility than an interpretation which will make it flexible.. The power of amendment... is a safety valve which to a large extent provides for stable growth and makes violent revolution more or less unnecessary. .Even if it (Parliament) abuses the power of constitutional amendment, the check... is not in courts, but in the people who elect members of the Parliament." cha jajoe je bhaya batAvyA evA bhaya rAkhavAnuM kAI kAraNa che ? mULabhUta adhikArAmAM pheraphAra karatAM je sudhArA 16 varSanA gALAmAM pArlAmaeNnTe karyA che - pahelA, cAthA, se:LamA ane sattaramA sudhArA - temAM milakatanA hakane lagatI 31mIkalamanA pheraphAra bAda karIe, te! mULabhUta hakkanA bAkInA badhA sudhArA jasTIsa hiMdAyatullAnA mata mujaba paNa baMdhAraNa mujaba kAyadesara che. eTale kAI mULabhUta haka - milakatane lagatA haka sivAya - pArlAmaeNnTa che ta. a. 11

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162 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA karyo nathI ke rada karyo nathI. A badhA sudhArA khUba vigatathI tapAsayA pachI jasTIsa hidAyatullAe kahyuM : "In the result, none of the amendments in the Articles in parts other than that dealing with Right to property is outside the amending process, because article 13 (2) is in no manner breached." . .: te prajAnA je pratinidhioe mULabhUta hake baMdhAraNamAM mUkyA, jemaNe 16 varSamAM milaktanA haka sivAya bIjA koI hakane AMca Ave evo pheraphAra karyo nathI temane avizvAsa karI, AvI sattA pArlAmenTane haze te lokazAhI khatarAmAM che ema kahevuM vyAjabI che ? ' ' have milaktane lagatA hakamAM pArlAmenTa zA mATe pheraphAra karavA paDyA ? pahelAM te milakatane lagatA mULabhUta haka hoI zake ? jasTIsa hidAyatullAe "Our constitution accepted the theory that Right of Property is a fundamental right. In my opinion, it was an error to place it in that category... of all the fundamental rights it is the weakest." milaktane haka ke kudaratI haka nathI. It is not a natural right. bake, sAco siddhAMta, saba bhUmi gopAlakI, che. baMdhAraNa ghaDAtuM hatuM tyAre huM vidhAnasabhAnA sabhya hatA. A viSaya upara khUba carcA thayela. chevaTe eka compromise formula tarIke kalama 31mI mukAI. javAharalAla naherune bhaya hato ke A kalama keMgresane tenI nItine pUro amala karatAM kadAca - rAdhaka thAya. paNa ema vizvAsa hato ke kerTa A kalamane evo artha nahIM kare ke jamInadArInAbudI vagere kAryakramane khalela pahoMce. paNa durbhAgye ema ja banyuM. jasTIsa hidAyatullAe kahyuM che: "All would have been well if the Courts had constructed aricle 31 differently." jamInadArInAbUdInA kAyadAne paDakAratI arajIo keTamAM thaI tyAre korTa evo artha karyo ke kalama 31 mAM milaktanA hakane je rakSaNa ApyuM

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mULa adhikAra 163 che te jotAM A kAyadAe gerabaMdhAraNIya che. eTale kalama 31mAM pheraphAra karI e haka nyUta karavA sivAya pArlAmaeNnTane kAI mA na hatA - sivAya ke jamInadArInAbUdIne badhA kAryakrama jatA kare. tethI prathama sudhArA-First Amendment thayA. AvA sudhArA karavAnI pArlAmaeNnTane sattA nathI evI arajI suprima korTamAM thaI ane sadbhAgye zaMkarIprasAdanA kesamAM pAMce jajoe sarvAnumate TharAvyuM ke AvI sattA che. cha jajoe atyAre je atha karyA che te tyAre karavAmAM AvyA hAta tA zuM thAta to kalpavu muzkela che. tyArapachI jamInadArI ane jamInavitaraNa aMge Land legislationnA ghaNA kAyadAo dareka rAjye karyAM. tene paDakAratI asjI thaI. pharIthI kalama 371mAM sudhArA karyA ane sadbhAgye sajjanasiMhanA samAM pharIthI suprima kaoNrTe A sudhArAo maMjUra rAkhyA. pahelA ane cothA sudhArA thayA tyAre paNa huM leAkasabhAnA sabhya hatA ane khUba carcA pachI e sudhArA thayA hatA. have ApaNane kahevAmAM Ave che ke A badhA sudhArA 1951 thI thayA te gerakAyadesara hatA. paNa te kAyadA rada karavAnI tA suprima kaoNTanI paNa hi Mmata nathI. paNa have pachI kAyamane mATe evI sattA nathI evu jAhera karyuM A badhI bhAMjagaDa milakatane lagatA mULabhUta hakamAM karela sudhArA aMge ja che.ane je haka vize jasTIsa hidAyatullA ema kahe che ke khadhAraNamAM ene sthAna ja maLavuM nahatuM joItuM tenA ja rakSaNa mATe jANe A badhA vivAda che. vANIsvAta Mtrya,. dharmasvAtaMtrya, samAnatA, aspRzyatAnAdI, sAMskRtika ane zaikSaNika adhikArI, A badhA kANu chInavI levAnuM che ? 24 varSImAM ATalI mATI bahumatI hatI tA paNa na karyuM... tA koI pakSa have karI zakavAnA che ? mULabhUta adhikAre nyUna karavAnI sattA pArlAmaeNnTane zA mATe hevI joIe tenA khInne dAkhale Apu. dhArmika mAnyatAone mULabhUta haka tarIke rakSaNa ApyuM che. muMbaI rAjyamAM eka kAyadA thayA hatA ke kAIne jJAti bahAra mukAya nahi. vaDA mullAjI sAhebe kahyu ke jJAti bahAra mUkavAneA tamane adhikAra dhArmika haka che tethI A kArya tamane baMdhanakartA nathI. suprima kAMTe vaDA mullAjInI tarapheNamAM cukAdA ApyA che. atyAre tA A paDayu che paNa dhArmi ka mAnyatAonA hakanA rakSaNane AvA ja artha karavAmAM Ave ta te harkane lagatI kalamamAM pheraphAra karavA paNa paDe. suprima korTa karela atha

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164 tatvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA haMmeza sAcA ja hoya che ema nathI athavA to kAyadAnI bhASA adhUrI ke. aspaSTa hoya, te zuM pheraphAra na karavo ? pArlAmenTane AvI sattA haze te bhAre anartha thaze ema mAnI laI gelekanAthanA kesamAM bahumatI jajamenTamAM baMdhAraNane khoTo artha the, te kAraNe parasparavirodhI evuM jajamenTa lakhAyuM ane eka nAjuka paristhiti UbhI thaI. eDavokeTa janarala saravAIe sAcuM kahyuM che .' " It is submitted that the majority Judgement is clearly wrong, is productive of the greatest public mischief and should be over-ruled at the earliest opportunity." nAthapAInuM bila kAMI navuM karatuM nathI. mAtra pUrvavata sthitinuM spaSTIkaraNa kare che ane pArlAmenTanI sattAnuM punaruccAraNa kare che. nAthapAInA bilamAM joinTa silekTa kamiTIe pheraphAra karyA che te paNa jarUrI nathI. te bila pAsa thavAthI badhA mULabhUta adhikAro rada thaI javAnA che e koI bhaya nathI. nAthapAInuM bila je rIte pUrvavata sthiti kAyama karavAno prayatna kare che te mArga paNa baMdha karavAne jasTIsa hidAyatullAe nirdeza karyo che. temaNe kahyuM cheH " It may be said that this is not necessary (to call a Constituent Assembly), because article 368 can be amended by Parliament to confer constituent powers over the fundamental Rights. This would be wrong and against art. 13 (2). Parliament cannot increase its powers in this way and do indirectly which it is intended not to do directly." A vize lokamAM ochI samajaNa hoya te svAbhAvika che. A viSayane abhyAsa karyA pachI mArA manane keI saMdeha nathI ke golakanAthanA kesanuM bahumatI jajamenTa prajAhitane bhAre anarthakArI che ane paristhiti jeTalI vahelI sudhArI levAya temAM dezanuM ane prajAnuM kalyANa che. 9-3-69

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30 anAmata beThaka -baMdhAraNanI jogavAI ApaNA baMdhAraNanA siddhAMtamAM pAyAnA be siddhati che. dareka nAgarikane (1) samAnatA-sAmAjika pratiSThA ane vikAsa mATenI takanI - Equality of status and opportunity; ane (2) nyAya : sAmAjika, Arthika 247 2139314 - Justice : Social, Economic and Political 311264 thavAM joIe. A banne siddhAMtane amala karavAmAM samatulA jALavavI paDe che. asamAna vyaktio athavA vargo e sAcI samAnatA lAvavI hoya, eTale nyAya karavo hoya, te sabaLanI sAme nirbaLane rakSaNa ApavuM paDe. evuM rakSaNa na ApIe ane bane samAna che ema mAnI laIe te sabaLa vadhAre sabaLa thAya ane nirbaLa vadhAre nirbaLa thAya. AvA rakSaNane hetu nirbaLane sabaLa banAvavAne che. nibaLane AvuM rakSaNa apAya temAM, dekhItI rIte, sabaLane anyAya thatA hoya tema lAge ane asamAnatAne bacAva, samAnatAne nAme karavAmAM Ave. - rAjya badhA nAgariko sAthe samAna bhAve vartavuM tene artha eTalo ja nathI ke navI asamAnatA pedA na karavI ane yathAvata sthiti cAlu rAkhavI. paNe vartamAna asamAnatAne dUra karavA sakriya pagalAM levAnI pharaja temAM samAviSTa che. * The state has an affirmative duty to make compensatory legislation to put two really unequal persons on a footing, of equality. kArakhAnAnA mAlika ane majura vacce samAnatA che ema mAnI laI majUrane koI rakSaNa ApavAmAM na Ave to tenuM zoSaNa ja thAya. teo bAra kalAka majUrI karAve che peTapUratuM vetana na Ape. kAmanA kalAka bAMdhI ApavA athavA laghutama vetana nakakI karavuM, e nyAya mATe Avazyaka che. videzI mAla sAme dezanA udyogane rakSaNa ApavA bhAre jakAta nAkhavI paDe. moTA udyogane rakSaNa ApavuM paDe. AvA ghaNA dAkhalA che. svataMtratA maLI tyAre ApaNA dezanI paristhiti evI hatI ke prajAne mATe vaga pachAta, garIba, sadIothI

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166 tattvavicAra ane abhinaMdanA kacaDAyela hatA. atihAsika saMjogo, jJAtiprathA, parataMtratA vagere aneka kAraNoe moTA bhAganI prajA pIDita hatI. AvA vargone UMce lAvavA khAsa rakSaNa ApavAnI jarUra hatI tethI baMdhAraNamAM evI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI che. samAnatAne siddhAMta svIkAryo che. sAthe nyAya karavA, apavAdo mUkyA che. traNa vargone mukhyatve AvA rakSaNanA adhikArI gaNyA che : anusUcita jAti (Scheduled Castes), anusUcita janajAti (Scheduled Tribes) ( mukhyatve AdivAsIo ), ane pachAta vargo ( Backward Classes ). A traNe vargone zikSaNa ane sarakArI nokarImAM rakSaNa ApavA rAjyane sattA ApI che. Ane mATe koI samayamaryAdA bAMdhI nathI. anusUcita jAtio ane janajAtione lokasabhA ane dhArAsabhAomAM anAmata beThake paNa ApI che. zarUAtamAM AnI mudata 10 varSanI hatI. te vadhArI 20 varSanI karI, 30 varSanI karI ane jAnyuArI 1980mAM 40 varSanI, eTale ke jAnyuArI 1990 sudhInI karI che. A saMbaMdhe baMdhAraNanI keTalIka jogavAI joIe. kalama 15 (1) : The siate shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, sex, place of birth or any of them. . kalama 16 (2) : There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment of any office under the state. kalama 29 (2) No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by state or receiving aid out of state funds on ground only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.'.

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anAmata beThakA-adhAraNanI jogavAI 167 zikSaNasa`sthAmAM ane sarakArI tekarImAM, A thayA samAnatAne siddhAMta. have apavAda : kalama 15 (3) (4) : (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any special provision for women and children. (4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the state from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially or educationally bakward classes of citizens or for scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes. 2 16(4) : Nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately represented in the services under the state. kalama 46 H The state shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people and, in particular, of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. kalama 335 : The claims of the members of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency

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168 tattvavicAra ane abhiva'dana of administration in the making of appointments of services and posts in conneciton with the affairs of the union or of a state. baMdhAraNanI A jogavAIo aneka mahattvanA muddAo upasthita kare cheH (1) anusUcita jAti ane janati kAne kahevI ?. (2) pachAta vaga kAne kahevA ? pachAta eTale zuM? varga eTale zuM? (3) A badhAMne rakSaNa ApavA vizeSAdhikAra kevI rIte ApavA, kevA prakAranA, keTalI hada sudhI, keTalA samaya sudhI ? (4) khInna vargAne anyAya na thAya, guNavattA athavA qA kSamatAne AMca na Ave, chatAM pachAta vargone rakSaNa maLe tene sumeLa kema thAya? anusUcita jAti ane janajAtinA nirNaya baMdhAraNa mujaba rASTrapatie karavAnA che. baMdhAraNanI zarUAta thaI pachI turata rASTrapatie A ni ya jAhera karyA che. temAM pArlAmaeNnTa sudhArAvadhArA karI zake paNa anyathA te aMtima che. AmAM mukhyatve ati pachAta jAtie ane AdivAsIenA samAveza thAya che. pachAta varganI kAI vyAkhyA ke te nakkI karavAnu... dhAraNa baMdhAraNamAM ApyuM nathI. dareka rAjye pAtAnA rAjyanI praznanI sthiti anusAra nakkI karavAnu che. AI rAjyamAM vadhAre hoya tA AImAM AchA, kAImAM eka va pachAta hoya tA kAImAM khIjo. A nakkI karavAnuM kAma ati vikaTa rahyuM che. rakSaNa keTaluM ApavuM, keTalI hade, keTalA samaya mATe, tenA nirdeza aMdhAraNamAM nathI. pachAtapaNuM eTale mAtra garIbAI ke Arthika pachAtapaNuM nahi, paNa sAmAjika ane zikSaNanA pachAtapaNA - socially and educationally backwardness - upara bhAra che. sAmAjika rIte ane zikSaNamAM pachAta hoya te mATe bhAge garIba hAya che. paNa e asaMbhava nathI ke sAmAjika rIte ane zikSaNamAM pachAta hAya chatAM garIba na hoya. anyathA garIba hAya chatAM sAmAjika rIte ane zikSaNamAM pachAta na hoya. sAmAjika rIte pachAta eTale zuM? samAjamAM tenI pratiSThA na heAya, nIcA gaNAtA hAya, tenA vyavasAyane kAraNe, raheThANane kAraNe athavA anyathA. garIbAIne ja pachAtapaNAnuM dhAraNa svIkArIe

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anAmata beTho-baMdhAraNanI jogavAI 169 te meTI bahumatI prajA garIba che. dhyeya che equality of status and opportunity ,, economic equality ne nahi. alabatta, sAmAjika ane zikSaNanuM pachAtapaNuM jAya te Arthika sthiti sudhare, paNa sAmAjika rIte ane zikSaNamAM sAmAnya rIte pachAta na hoya evA madhyama varganI Arthika sthiti ApoApa sudharatI nathI. AvuM rakSaNa ApyA pachI te kAyamanuM thaI jAya te saMbhava che. Backwardness has a tendency to perpetuate itself and it becomes a vested interest. eka vagane pachAta gaNIe to tenAM badhAM mANaso garIba hoya tema nathI. pAMca TakA sukhI paNa hoya. rakSaNane lAbha A pAMca TakA laI jAya. bIja ema ja rahI jAya. * AvuM rakSaNa dhIme dhIme ochuM thavuM joIe. ochuM karavA jatAM virodha ane saMgharSa thAya.. mAnyatA ema hatI ke ra0/30 varSanA gALA pachI AvA rakSaNanI jarUra nahi rahe. A mAnyatA khoTI paDI che. . " lokasabhA ane vidhAnasabhAnI anAmata beThake 10 varSa ApI hatI. tenAM 20, 30, ane have 40 varSa thayAM tene rada karavI muzkela che, paNa tene lAbha te vargonA 5-16 TakAne ja maLe che. - jagajIvanarAma, pahADiyA, aMyAha, makavANuM, temane ane temanAM saMtAnone pachAta zA mATe gaNavA? chatAM temanA vaganA 9095 TakA pachAta che ja. A prakana keTale jaTila che te batAvavA pUratuM ATaluM lakhyuM che. tenAM ghaNAM pAsAM che, AMTIghUMTI che. pariNAme ghaNA kesa thayA che. suprima keTane ghaNA cukAdAo che ane te badhA susaMgata ja che tema nathI. ahIM be dAkhalA ApIza eka zikSaNane ane bIje sarakArI nokarIne. julAI 1958mAM karNATaka sarakAre hukama bahAra pADyo ke brAhmaNo sivAya badhI komone pachAta gaNavAmAM Avaze ane temane mATe zikSaNasaMsthAomAM 75 TakA beThake anAmata rAkhI. temAM anusUcita jAtio mATe 15 TakA,

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170 tattvavicAra ane abhivAdanA anusUcita janajAti mATe 3 TakA ane 57 TakA bIjAo mATe. A hukamane, hAIkorTamAM paDakAravAmAM Avyo. hAIkorTe tene binabaMdhAraNIya gaNe rada karyo.. me-jUna 1959mAM bIje hukama bahAra pADyo. temAM brAhmaNa, vANiyA ane kAyastha sivAyanA badhA hinduo, badhA musalamAna, khristIo ane jenone pachAta varganA gaNyA ane 65 TakA anAmata beThaka rAkhI. A hukama paNa hAIkorTe rada karyo. pachI pachAta varga kone gaNavA tenI bhalAmaNa karavA kamiTI nImI. kamiTIe eka kAmacalAu riporTa ApyA. A bhalAmaNa mujaba 1960mAM trIjo hukama karyo, jemAM 40 TakA pachAta vargo mATe ane 60 TakA guNavattAnA dhoraNe, paNa anAmata uparAMta guNavattAnA dhoraNamAM harIphAI karavAnI chUTa ApI. vaLI pachAta vargo, jJAti-caste-nAM dhoraNe nakkI karyA hatA. A hukama paNa hAIkorTa rada karyo. kamiTIne chevaTane ripiTa Avyo te mujaba jUna, 1961 mAM che hukama bahAra paDAyo. chevaTanA riporTamAM paNa pachAta vargo jJAtinA dhoraNe nakkI karyA ane 48 TakA anAmata beThaka ApI. zikSaNamAM pachAtapaNuM nakakI karavA ema TharAvyuM ke rAjyamAM zikSaNanuM sAmAnya dhAraNa dara eka hajAre 6.9 che te tethI ochuM zikSaNa je kemamAM hoya tene pachAta gaNavI. 6.8 heAya te pachAta, 7 heAya te nahi. dareka kAmamAM zikSaNanuM pramANa keTaluM che te nakkI karavuM atyaMta muzkela che. liMgAyatamAM zikSaNanuM dhoraNa 7.1 TakA hatuM, tethI kamiTIe liMgAyatane pachAta na gaNyA. paNa rAjya sarakArane A phAvyuM nahi eTale navI phemyulA karI liMgAyatane pachAta gaNyA. anAmata beThake 48 TakA rAkhI. vaLI eka navI rIta kADhI. pachAta ane vadhu pachAta evA be vargo karyA. te pramANe 81 vaga pachAta gaNyA ane 131 vadhAre pachAta. A badhA hukamomAM meDikala, enjiniyariMga ane Tekanikala kolejomAM vidyAthIone dAkhala karavAne prazna hatA. A cAre hukamamAM ane pachI pAMcama kADhayo temAM paNa anusUcita jAtio mATe 15 ane jAtio mATe 3 TakA kAyama rahyA che. temaja anusUcita jAtio ane janajAti kone gaNavI te vize paNa takarAra na hatI. badhAmAM takarAra hatI pachAta varga kone gaNave ane temane keTalA TakA anAmata beThako ApavI tenI.

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anAmata beThako-baMdhAraNanI jogavAI 171 julAI, 196ramAM pAMcame hukama bahAra pADaze. tene paNa paDakAravAmAM Avyo. mAmalo cheka suprima korTa sudhI gayo. suprima kaeNTe A pAMcamAM hukamane paNa rada karyo. suprima korTane A cukAdo AdhArabhUta gaNAya che, jemAM pachAta. kone kahevA, vagara kone kahevo, keTalA TakA anAmata ApavI vagere muddAonI vigatathI chaNAvaTa karI che. te lakhuM te pahelAM pAMcamo hukama zuM che te jaNAvuM. pachAta ane vadhAre pachAta evA vargo kAyama rAkhyA. anAmata beThake 68 TakA rAkhI, jemAM 18 TakA anusUcita jAti ane janajAtio mATe rahI. sIravAI lakhe cheH "The questions thus raised were of extreme importance for they involved ihe two fundamental rights - under articles 15 (1) and 29 (2) on the one hand and promotion of the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people. There was also the national interest which must suffer if qualified and competent students were unreasonably excluded from higher university education." * suprima keTe harAvyuM H (1) pachAta vargonuM pachAtapaNe anusUcita jAtio ane janajAtio jeTaluM hovuM joIe. (2) pachAtapaNAnA vargo pADI na zakAya; te ghaNA stara thaI jAya. (3) pachAtapaNuM sAmAjika ane zikSaNanuM baMne prakAranuM hovuM joIe. (4). pachAta varga jJAtinA dhoraNe nakkI na thAya, 'class is not caste. jJAti dhyAnamAM levAya paNa te ja dhoraNa na hoya (5) pachAtapaNA mATe e vargane vyavasAya paNa lakSamAM levAya. jema ke DheDa, camAra, bhaMgI, ghAMcI, mocI, vagere. (6) zikSaNanA pachAtapaNA mATe 6.9 TakAnuM dhoraNa vyAjabI nathI. pAMca TakAthI ochuM dhoraNa hovuM joIe. (7) 68 TakA, anAmata ghaNI vadhAre che. pa0 TakAthI vadhAre na joIe. A badhAM kAraNe pAMcame. oNrDara paNa rada karyo. suprima korTe kahyuM ke pachAta varganI pragati thAya te rASTranA hitamAM che, paNa bIjA varganA hitanI avagaNanAthI rASTranAM hita jokhamAya che. vaLI zikSaNanuM dhoraNa nIce UtaravA devuM na joIe. A badhAM daSTibiMdune samanvaya saheluM nathI. A kevI rIte karavuM te kaTe batAvyuM nathI. korTe kahyuM, te amAruM kAma nathI, rAjyanuM kAma che.

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172 tattvavicAra ane abhivaMdanA Ama, 1958thI 1963 sudhI vAta adhdhara rahI. pachI zuM thayuM tenI mane khabara nathI. AvA aneka kesa dareka rAjyamAMthI thayA che. have bIjo dAkhala karIne laIe. jammu-kAzmIra rAjyanA zikSakone prazna hato. A rAjyamAM kAzmIrI paMDitonI vastI be TakA che, paNa temanAmAM zikSaNanuM pramANa ghaNuM vadhAre hovAthI zikSaka tarIke ane anya sarakArI nokarIomAM temanuM pramANa ghaNuM vadhAre hatuM. 1956mAM rAjya nokarInA niyamo ghaDavA. niyamomAM guNavattAnuM dhoraNa hatuM paNa tenA amalamAM 50 TakA musalamAne, 40 TakA pachAta hinduo ane 10 TakAmAM zIkha, kAzmIrI paMDita vagere. suprima kaeNrTamAM kesa thayo. 1968mAM cukAda AvyuM. niyama rada karyA, 81 zikSake jemane pramozana ApyuM hatuM temane pAchA dhakelyA. paNa tema karatAM, rAjya chaTakabArI zodhI ane yathAvata sthiti rAkhI, eTale bIje kesa thayo. temAM 249 zikSakone prazna hato. temane baDhatI ApI hatI te binabaMdhAraNIya ane gerakAyadesara karI. A cukAdo 1971mAM AvyA. pachI zikSakonI guNavattAnA dhoraNe pasaMdagI karavA rAjya 1100 zikSakenA inTaravyu gaThavyA. AvI kahevAtI pasaMdagI sAme kesa thayo. 24pa zikSakane prazna hatA. 400 zikSake vatI kesa thayo hato. arajadAroe puravAra hyuM ke A InTaravyuM ane pasaMdagI phArasa hatAM. korTe kahyuM : " The whole process of selection is wrong and unsatisfactory and needs to be set aside." pachAta varga kevI rIte nakkI karavA tenI koTe carcA karI che. paraMparAgata vyavasAyanAM dhoraNo nakakI karavA prayatna keTale behudo hatA te batAvyuM che. paraMparAgata vyavasAya kone kahevo ? kamiTIe Apela keTalAka dAkhalA A pramANe che : (1) Bearer, boy, waiter, (2) book-binders, (3) grass sellers, (4) old garment-sellers, (5) tonga drivers vagere. korTe kahyuM, A barAbara nathI. temAM kAMI paraMparAgata nathI. We think there must be a proper revision of traditional occupations. A cukAdo 1973mAM Avyo. A 8 vaSa mAmalo korTa rahyo. pariNAme korTe kahyuM che:

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anAmata beThako-baMdhAraNanI jogavAI 173 "The net result of it has been to deprive schools of their headmasters -- considerable damage must have been done to overall discipline in the schools." zikSaNasaMsthAmAM praveza karatAMya sarakArI nokarI aMge vadhAre keso. thayA che. promozana, siniyoriTI, silekazana evA aneka muddAo upasthita thayA che. rAjyoe ADedhaDa niyame karye rAkhyA che. keTalAka rada karyA che. pariNAme baDhatI ApI hoya tevAne nIce utAryA che, koIne UMce caDAvyA che. A be dAkhalAo samagra praznanI jaTilatA ane baMdhAraNIya jogavAInA amalanI muzkelIo batAve che. samagra prazna talasparzI punarvicAraNA mAge che. eka vakhata pachAta eTale sadA pachAta ema nathI, hAvuM na joIe. A prazna ghaNe abhyAsa mAge che. paNa have AMkhamIMcAmaNAM thAya tema nathI. keTalAMya kamizane ane kamiTIo nimAyAM. temanI bhalAmaNoe vadhAre gUMcavaNo pedA karI che. gujarAtamAM bakSI kamiTI nImI hatI. teNe dATa vALe che. - hAlamAM mArA maMtavyo A pramANe che: (1) A trIsa varSamAM ApaNe pachAta vargo (A zabdamAM anusUcita. jAtio ane janajAtione samAveza karuM chuM )nI neMdhapAtra pragati karI zakyA nathI. sAmAjika rIte zikSaNamAM ane Arthika rIte lagabhaga hatAM tyAM ja che. savarNonuM mAnasika valaNa pachAta vargo pratyenuM hajI evuM ja rahyuM che : dhRNA, tirasakAra ane baLajabarInuM. aMtamAM prazna che samagra prajAnA mAnasika parivartanane. ' (2) dezanI vastI vadhIne 68 karoDanI thaI che. pachAta vargo vadhyA che. madhyama varganI, khAsa karI nIcalA tharanAnI paNa e ja hAlata che. " (3) pachAta vargomAM jAgRti AvI che, paNa garIbAI ane zoSaNane - kAraNe teo nibaLa che. . (4) zikSaNa ane nokarInI mAMga khUba vadhI che. zikSaNasaMsthAe ane sarakArI nokarInI maryAdA che, mAMga ghaNI vadhAre che. pachAta vargonI mAMga : vadhe ane temane anAmata beThaka maLe te kAraNe, madhyama varga vadhAre vaMcita rahe che. sarakArI nokarI vyApaka arthamAM levAya che. paMcAyatathI mAMDI

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174 tatvavicAra ane abhivAdanA sacivAlaya sudhI, rASTrIya baeNnka, vImA kaMpanI, zALAo, sarakArI, pablika kaMpanIo vagere. | (5) pachAta vargo zikSaNane eTale lAbha letA nathI. Arthika sthiti nabaLI hovAne kAraNe, temanA kuTuMbane dareka sabhya majUrI kare te choDavI posAya tema nathI. zikSaNa lIdhA pachI nokarI maLatI nathI ane pitAne vyavasAya karavo nathI. gAmaDAM choDI A lake zaheramAM jAya che.. .' (6) anAmatane badhA stare vyApaka banAvavAthI zikSaNanuM dhoraNa Utare che ane kAryakSamatA ghaTe che. (9) vartamAna anAmataprathAthI pachAta varganA 5-10 TakAne lAbha thaze che, bIjA hatA tyAM ja rahyA che. (8) vartamAna prathAmAM ghaNI vikRtio ane atizayatA che, jene kAraNe ghaNAM aniSTa pedA thayAM che. (9) harijana zabdane baMdhAraNamAM kyAMya ullekha nathI. harijano samAveza anusUcita jAtio athavA pachAta vargomAM thAya che, paNa vAtAvaraNa evuM sarjAyuM che ke jANe mAtra harijana je pachAta varga che ane AMdolana harijane sAme ja che. A badhAM kAraNe vartamAna anAmataprathAmAM mULabhUta pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra che : (1) pachAta vargo ochAmAM ochA rAkhavA. pachAtavarga gaNavA mATe, pachAtapaNuM anusUcita jAti ane janajAtio jeTaluM hovuM joIe. gaNavA jaIe te prajanA 70-75 TakAne pachAta gaNI zakAya. A hetuM nathI. (2) zikSaNasaMsthAo ane sarakArI nokarIomAM anAmata beThake rAkhavI te sAthe bIjA upAye yojavA joIeH zikSaNasaMsthAo vadhAravI, Athirka sahAya ApavI. rahevAnI sagavaDa UbhI karavI vagere. (3) zikSaNasaMsthAmAM praveza mATe ane nekarImAM dAkhala thavA pUratuM ja anAmata rahe. pachI guNavattAnuM dhoraNa rAkhavuM. (4) anusnAtaka zikSaNamAM anAmata na heya. (5) nekarImAM nIcalA vargo-kalAsa 3 ane 4 mAM praveza maLe. premezana, silekazana, pahelA-bIjA kalAsamAM nokarI vagere guNavattAnA dhoraNe rahe.

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anAmata beThake baMdhAraNanI jogavAI 175 (6) pachAta vargo mATenuM zikSaNa vyavasAyalakSI karavuM. temAMnA ucca zikSaNa levAne lAyaka pramANamAM bahu ja ochA hoya. kharekhara tejasvI vidyArthIo hoya temane ja ucca zikSaNanI taka ApavI. (7) anAmata beThakonI samayamaryAdA nakkI karavI joIe. . (8) aMte samagra rASTranuM hita lakSamAM rAkhavAnuM che, koI eka varganuM nahi. anAmata kAyama na hoya. pachAtapaNuM te rahevAnuM ja che. te dUra karavAnA bIjA upAyo javA joIe. AvA pheraphAra karavAmAM virodha thaze. atyAre je vadhAre paDatuM thaI gayuM che tene vAjabI raNe mUtAM daDhatAthI kAma levuM paDaze. rAjakIya hetu, cUMTaNI vagerethI para thavuM paDaze. ' - dareka rAjya tAtkAlika pagalAM laI, atizayatA ane anomalies hoya te turata dUra karI zake che. rASTrIya dhoraNe vicArI, rASTrIya nIti nakkI thAya. te Avazyaka che. 23-3-81

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mAnava saMbaMdho bhAratIya vicAradhArAmAM eka vicArapravAha evo che ke badhAya saMbaMdha misyA che-jUThA che. keI koInuM saguM nathI. ekalAM AvyA chIe ane ekalAM javAnuM che. sadbhAge mANasane A upadezanI bahu asara thatI nathI. koI prasaMgane anulakSIne kSaNika vairAgya Ave e judI vAta che. e vAta kharI che ke A badhA saMbaMdhe anitya che. eTale ke eka divasa ene aMta AvavAne che. paNa te kAraNe AvA saMbaMdho jUThA athavA miyA nathI, e ja mAnavajIvana che. ene artha eTalo ja che ke emAM Asakti na keLavavI. paNa mANasanA jIvananI kRtArthatA mAtra mAnava sAthe ja nahi paNa samasta prANusRSTi sAthe tAdAmya sAdhavAmAM che. je mANasa khoTA vicArothI athavA svArthathI saMkucita mana rAkhI, AvI ja jALathI dUra rahevuM ema mAne che enuM jIvana jhADanA sUkA hUMDA jevuM che. alabatta, svArthanA saMbaMdhe keTalI vakhata du:khamaya nIvaDe che. paramArthanA saMbaMdha paNa kaSTamaya hoya che, eTale ke pAramArthika kAryo karavAmAM paNa kaSTa veThavuM paDe che, paNa e kaSTa jajIvanane AnaMda che. mANasa pitAnA saMbaMdhe kema, keTalA vistArI zakaze te enI zakti ane paristhiti para AdhAra rAkhe che. kahyuM che ke A jIvananA rahasyane tAga pAmI zakAto nathI, paNa e anubhavasiddha hakIkata che ke sakriya prema ane karuNa sivAya jIvanamAM bIje AnaMda nathI. jyAM ApaNAMthI kaMI na thaI zake tyAM paNa ApaNuM aMtara kave ane thaI zake eTaluM, kaMIka karavAnI bhAvanA rahe. paNa moTI vAta cheDI daIe te paNa ApaNI AsapAsa, daSTi khulI hoya te eTaluM badhuM karavAnuM che ke, je thAya che e ochuM paDe che. 10-11-'42

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