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can describe all the properties and attributes of a thing at once At one moment only one attribute can be stated and while doing that other attributes either remain untold or are ignored This system of log called the naya system (system of viewpoints) in Jain philosophy As has been stated by Malayagırı the commentator (Vrittı)-To explicate one facet of a multifaceted thing and remain uninvolved with or silent about the other facets is called naya, Here this is taken to be naya pramana (standard of validation of viewpoints).
In simple terms there are two kinds of naya-Dravyarthik naya (existent material aspect) and Paryayarthik naya (transformational aspects). The first deals with the common properties and attributes of things and the second with the specific or special attributes The first has assimilative approach and the second has analytical or reductionist approach Dravyarthik naya (existent material aspect) has three categories—(1) Naigam naya (co-ordinated viewpoint), (2) Samgraha naya (generalized viewpoint), and (3) Vyavahar naya (particularized viewpoint), and Paryayarthik naya (transformational aspects) has four categories—(4) Rijusutra naya (precisionistic viewpoint), (5) Shabda naya (verbal viewpoint), (6) Samabhirudha naya (conventional etymological viewpoint), and (7) Evambhuta naya (viewpoint of exactness or that related to words used in original derivative sense and significance).
(1) Naigam naya (co-ordinated viewpoint) has the widest range It accepts everything conventional, common or special. Here its three subcategories have been mentioned-ambiguous, clear and more clear
(2) Samgraha naya (generalized viewpoint) covers the generalities It ignores the differences in different things or persons and establishes the common similarities
(3) Vyavahar naya (particularized viewpoint) has even more limited scope It separates the things covered in Samgraha naya (generalized viewpoint) from utilitarian angle based on specific use
Although these three viewpoints have progressively diminishing range they still cover the generalities and are, therefore, called Dravyarthik naya (existent material aspect)
(4) Rijusutra naya (precisionistic viewpoint or that related to specific point or period of time) ignores past and future and covers only the
नयप्रमाण-प्रकरण
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The Discussion on Naya Pramana
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