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जैसे-रत्नावली हार के पृथक्-पृथक् मनक (रत्न) हार नहीं कहलाते किन्तु सभी रत्न एक सूत्र में forta TE T'Dend ___नय स्वरूप को विशेष रूप में समझाने के लिए सूत्र ४७४-४७६ में प्रस्थक आदि के तीन दृष्टान्त किये जा चुके हैं। (विस्तृत वर्णन के लिए श्री ज्ञान मुनि कृत टीका, भाग २, पृ. ९४६ से ९९० देखें) DEFINING NAYA
606. (a) (Q.) What is this Naya (viewpoint) ?
(Ans.) There are seven basic Nayas (viewpoints)--(1) Naigama naya (co-ordinated viewpoint), (2) Samgraha naya (generalized viewpoint), (3) Vyavahara naya (particularized viewpoint), (4) Rijusutra naya (precisionistic viewpoint or that related to specific point or period of time), (5) Shabd naya (verbal viewpoint or that related to language and grammar), (6) Samabhirudha naya (conventional viewpoint or that related to conventional meaning and ignoring etymological meaning), and (7) Evambhuta naya (etymological viewpoint or that related to words used in original derivative sense and significance).
Attributes of Seven Nayas That which validates a thing with the help of various evidences is Naigam—this is the etymology of Naigam. I will now define the remaining nayas also, please listen.
(1) STEREO That which expresses briefly the general condensed meaning is
the statement of Samgraha naya. The Vyavahara naya proceeds to expresses the determinate meaning in respect of all substances. (2)
The Rijusutra variety of naya is to be known as comprehending only the immediately present reality (present mode of a thing). The Shabd naya goes for even more precision. (3)
In the Samabhirudha naya shifting of a thing from one place to another or of a meaning from one word to a synonym is unreal. The Evambhuta naya distinguishes between the word, its meaning and both of them (word-cum-meaning). (4)
Elaboration—The difference between Samgraha and Vyavahar is that being involved with generalities, Samgraha gives importance to similarities whereas Vyavahar, being involved with specialities, lays stress on dissimilarities.
8 नयद्वार
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Naya Dvar (Approach of Viewpoints)
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