Sramana 2008 01

Author(s): Shreeprakash Pandey, Vijay Kumar
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525063/1

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ISSN-0972-1002 SRAMANA | A Quarterly Research Journal of Jainology Vol. LIX No. I January-March 2008 i Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi pArzva nA tha vidyA pITha, vA rA Na sI

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zramaNa SRAMANA A Quarterly Research Journal of Jainology Vol. LIX No. I Hindi Section Dr. Vijaya Kumar Editor Publisher January-March 2008 English Section Dr. S.P. Pandey Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi Recognized by Banaras Hindu University as an external Research Centre

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zramaNaH Sramana: Vol. LIX Published by Email jainazAstra kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA A Quarterly Research Journal of Jainology January-March 2008 Printed at No. I Membership fee can be sent in the form of cheque or draft only in the name of Parshwanath Vidyapeeth ISSN-0972-1002 Subscription Annual membership For Institutions: Rs. 250.00 For Individuals: Rs. 200.00 Per Issue Price: Rs. 50.00 Life Membership For Institutions: Rs. 1500.00 For Individuals: Rs. 500.00 : Parshwanath Vidyapeeth I. T. I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-221005 Ph: 911-0542-2575521, 2575890 : parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com Type Setting by: Add Vision pvri@sify.com Karaundi, Varanasi-221005 : Vardhaman Mudranalaya Bhelupur, Varanasi-221010

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1-32 zramaNa janavarI-mArca 2008 viSayasUcI hindI khaNDa 1. prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 2. mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva DaoN. sudhA jaina 3. parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata DaoN0 sohanarAja tAter3a 4. puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM DaoN. dIpaka raMjana 33-40 ja 41-50 51-57 59-62 63-64 . puraskRta nibandha vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA 5. himAMzu siMghavI 6. ku. nikitA copar3A 7. ku. priyaMkA corar3iyA 8. zrImatI saroja golechA 9. zrImatI kamalinI bokariyA 10. chaila siMha rAThaur3a 11. rAmasvarUpa jaina 65-68 69-75 76-88 81-87 88-89 ENGLISH SECTION 12. Concept of Sila in Jainism Dr. S. P. Pandey 91-116 13 Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics Dr. Vijaya Kumar 117-122 14. pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa meM 123-126 15. jaina jagat 127-128 16. sAhitya satkAra 129-130

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hindI khaNDa prajJApanA - sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya * mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva DaoN0 sudhA jaina parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata * puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM * himAMzu siMghavI * ku0 nikitA copar3A * ku0 priyaMkA corar3iyA zrImatI saroja golechA puraskRta nibandha vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA * zrImatI kamalinI bokariyA * chaila siMha rAThaur3a rAmasvarUpa jaina DaoN0 sohanarAja tAter3a DaoN0 dIpaka raMjana

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya prajJApanA jaina Agamika sAhitya kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / bAraha upAMgoM meM prajJApanA kA viziSTa sthAna hai / yaha jaina Agama sAhitya kA caturtha upAMga hai / isa upAMga ke saMkalayitA zrIzyAma Arya ne isakA nAma 'adhyayana diyA hai joisakA sAmAnya nAma hai| isakA viziSTa aura pracalita nAma prajJApanA yA paNNavaNA hai| zyAmAcArya ne svayaM prajJApanA kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki - jisa prakAra bhagavAna ne sarvabhAvoM kI prajJApanA (prarUpaNA) upadiSTa kI hai, usI prakAra maiM bhI prajJApanA karane vAlA huuN| ataeva isakA vizeSanAma prajJApanA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI taraha isa graMtha kA nAma bhI 'prajJApanAdhyayana sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki jahAM prajJApanA kA samagra graMtha eka adhyayana rUpa hai vahAM uttarAdhyayana meM aneka adhyayana haiN| 'prajJApanA' zabda kA ullekha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna prApta hone ke pUrva dasa mahAsvapna dekhe the| tIsare mahAsvapna ke varNana ke prasaMga meM unake phala ko batAte hue bhagavatI meM kahA gayA hai ki 'samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vicittaM sasamaya-parasamaiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM Adhaveti pannaveti parUveti....' ataH spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dI gayI dezanAoM kA vAstavika nAma prajJApayati, prarUpayati Adi kriyAoM ke AdhAra para prajJApanA yA prarUpaNA hai| unhIM dezanAoM ke AdhAra para sambhavataH isakA nAma prajJApanA rakhA gayA hai / isake atirikta isI upAMga meM tathA anya aMga zAstroM meM yatra-tatra praznottara meM, atideza meM, tathA saMvAdoM meM paNNatte, paNNattaM, paNNattA Adi zabdoM kA anekazaH prayoga huA hai| prajJApanA kA mahattva prajJApanA ke pratyeka pada' ke anta meM 'paNNavaNAe bhagavatIe aisA ullekha milatA hai jisase pAMcaveM aMga Agama vyAkhyAprajJapti yA bhagavatI kI bhA~ti upAMgoM meM prajJApanA kA vizeSa mahattva parilakSita hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka sthaloM para 'jahA paNNavaNAye kahakara prajJApanA ke 1,2,5,6,11,15,17,24,25,26 aura 27 veM pada se prastuta viSaya kI pUrti karane hetu sUcanA dI gayI hai / yaha isa graMtha kI vizeSatA hai| * sahanidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI

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2 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt 23veM paTTadhara Arya zyAma pUrvazruta meM niSNAta the / unhoMne prastuta graMtha meM apanI viziSTa zailI aura jJAna kA upayoga kiyA jisake kAraNa aMga aura upAMga meM una viSayoM kI sampUrNa jAnakArI ke liye prajJApanA kA avalokana karane ko nirdezita kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA kA artha prajJApanA kA artha kyA hai ? isake uttara meM svayaM zAstrakAra ne batAyA hai jIva aura ajIva ke sambandha meM jo prarUpaNA hai, vaha prajJApanA hai / pada meM prayukta 'pra' upasarga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza kI vizeSatA sUcita karatA hai arthAt jIva, ajIva kA jaisA sUkSma vivecana evaM vizleSaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA hai utanA sUkSma usa yuga ke kinhIM anyatIrthika AcArya ne nahIM kiyA / prajJApanA kA AdhAra prajJApanA upAMgoM ke krama meM cauthA upAMga hai| jaina Agama meM bAraha aMga haiM jinameM dRSTivAda kA lopa ho gayA hai / kintu bAraha upAMgoM meM sabhI upAMga upalbdha haiM / aMgaupAMga ke sambandha yA kisa aMga kA kauna-sA upAMga hai, yaha kaba nizcaya kiyA gayA yaha kahanA to kaThina hai kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaba saMskRta TIkAyeM likhI jAne lagI tabhI isakA nirdhAraNa huA hogaa| AcArya malayagiri ke anusAra, yaha samavAyAMgasUtra kA upAMga haiM / kintu aisA koI sambandha prAcInakAla meM jur3A huA nahIM dikhatA / kyoMki graMtha kA prArambha karate hue svayaM kartA ne yaha prajJApanA dRSTivAda meM se nirjharita hotA rasa hai, aisA kahA hai| J ajjhayaNamiNaM cittaM suyarayaNaM diTThivAyaNIsadaM / jaha vaNNiyaM bhagavayA ahamavi taha vaNNaissAmi / / " arthAt dRSTivAda ke vistRta varNana meM se sArabhUta varNana prajJApanA meM liyA gayA hai / kintu cUMki dRSTibAda apane samakSa nahIM hai, ataH ina donoM ke sambandha kI kalpanA hI kI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI prajJApanA kA sambandha dRSTivAda ke jJAnapravAda, AtmapravAda aura karmapravAda se jor3A jA sakatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA dhavalA meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA sambandha agrAyaNIpUrva se jor3A gayA hai / prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke varNya viSaya samAna hone se prajJApanA kA sambandha bhI agrAyaNIpUrva se jor3A jA sakatA hai / AcArya malayagiri ne varNya viSayoM kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para hI isakA sambandha samavAyAMga ke sAtha jor3A hai| samavAyAMga meM bhI jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM kA mukhya rUpa se nirUpaNa huA hai / parantu svayaM kartA ne aisA koI sUcana nahIM kiyA hai /

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 3 racanA zailI graMtha ke prArambha meM maMgala gAthA aura graMtha kI pratijJA ke bAda isake pratipAdya viSayoM kA sUcana hai / isameM 36 viSayoM kA nirdeza hai jinheM 36 prakaraNoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA hai / pratyeka pada ko 'prakaraNa' nAma diyA gayA hai / AcArya malayagiri pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki 'padaM prakaraNam arthAdhikAra iti paryAyAH' / samagra graMtha kI racanA praznottara rUpa meM huI hai / prArambha ke 81veM sUtra taka praznakartA aura uttaradAtA kA koI paricaya nahIM milatA / isake pazcAt 82veM sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNadhara gautama kA praznottara rUpa meM saMvAda hai| 83-92 sAmAnya praznottara tathA 93 veM sUtra meM puna: bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNadhara gautama kA praznottara hai / isake atirikta jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNadhara gautama ke praznottara haiM una sthaloM meM mukhya haiM- sUtra 148-211 arthAt samagra dUsarA pada, tIsare pada meM sUtra 225.275, 325, 330-333; cauthe pada ke sabhI sUtra / jisa prakAra prArambha meM samagra zAstra kI adhikAra gAthAyeM dI gayI haiM usI prakAra kitane hI padoM ke prArambha meM viSayasaMgrahaNI gAthAyeM bhI prastuta kI gayI haiN| jaise-3, 18 aura 20 evaM 23veM pada ke prArambha aura upasaMhAra meM gAthAyeM dI gayI haiM / isI prakAra dasaveM pada ke anta meM aura grantha ke madhya meM yathAvazyaka gAthAyeM dI gayI haiM / inameM prakSipta gAthAoM ko chor3akara kula 231 gAthAyeM haiM aura zeSa gadya pATha haiM / prajJApanAsUtra kI saMgrahaNI gAthAoM kA racayitA kauna hai? isa sambandha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| prastuta sampUrNa Agama kA zloka pramANa 7887 hai| viSaya-vibhAga prajJApanA ke samagra padoM kA viSaya jaina-siddhAnta-sammata hai| AcArya malayagiri ne prajJApanA meM prarUpita viSayoM kA sambandha jIva, ajIva Adi sAta tattvoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha nimna prakAra saMyojita kiyA hai : 1-2 jIva-ajIva = pada 1,3,5,10 aura 13 3 Asrava = pada 16-22 4 bandha = pada 23 5-6-7 saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa = pada 36 meM ina padoM ke atirikta zeSa padoM meM kahIM-kahIM kisI na kisI tattva kA nirUpaNa hai| AcArya malayagiri ne jaina dRSTi se dravya kA samAveza prathama pada meM, kSetra kA dvitIya pada meM, kAla kA caturtha pada meM aura bhAva kA zeSa padoM meM samAveza kiyA

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: zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 hai|" dravya, kSetra kAla, bhAva ina cAra bhedoM meM viSaya nirUpaNa kI paddhati prAcIna pratIta hotI hai / yaha paddhati bhagavatI meM aneka sthaloM para dRSTigocara hotI hai / parantu tattva sAta prakAra ke haiM yaha vyavasthA paravartI hai| isase AcArya malayagiri ne jisa prakAra prastuta Agama meM sAta prakAra kA vibhAjana kiyA hai vaisA hI mata zyAma Arya kA thA, yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kintu unake samaya meM jo paramparA nizcita thI usake sAtha prajJApanA kI samatA dikhAne kA prayAsa AcArya malayagiri ne kiyA hai / svayaM prajJApanA meM sarAga darzanArya ke nirUpaNa meM nisargaruci jIvoM ke lakSaNa meM jo gAthA (120) dI gayI haiM usameM bhI sAta tattvoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| x prajJApanA Arya zyAma kI racanA hai kintu unhoMne sabhI bAteM svayaM vicAra karake kahI hoM, aisA nahIM hai / inakA prayojana to zruta paramparA meM se tathyoM kA saMgraha karanA aura unakA saMkalana karanA thaa| jaise prathama pada meM jIva ke jo bheda batAye haiM, unhIM bhedoM ko lekara dvitIya sthAna Adi dvAroM ko ghaTita karake prastuta nahIM kiyA balki sthAna Adi dvAroM kA jo vicAra jina vividha rUpoM meM pUrvAcAryoM ne kiyA thA, unhoMne una-una dvAroM aura padoM meM una una vicAroM kA saMgraha evaM saMkalana kiyaa| ataH prajJApanA usa kAla kI vicAra paramparA kA vyavasthita saMgraha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba Agama lipibaddha kiye gaye, taba una-una viSayoM kI samagra vicAraNA ke liye prajJApanA kA atideza kiyA gyaa| pada vibhAga evaM nirUpaNa kA krama sUtrakAlIna sAhitya kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki graMtha ke prArambha meM pratipAdya viSayoM kI sUcI de dI jAtI hai / 'nyAyasUtra' Adi graMthoM meM isa paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / prajJApanA meM bhI prArambha meM usake viSaya-vibhAga (sUtra - 2 ) kI prajJApanA uddeza rUpa meM nirdiSTa hai aura bAda meM eka-eka kara 36 padoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| / prajJApanA meM viSayoM kA nirUpaNa pahale lakSaNa banA kara nahIM kiyA gayA, apitu vibhAga- upavibhAga dvArA kiyA gayA hai| bheda kA jisa krama meM nirdeza hotA hai usI krama meM upabhedoM kI bhI carcA hotI hai / kintu graMthakAra ne jahAM jisa upabheda kA nirUpaNa saMkSipta hai usakA nirUpaNa pahale kara pazcAt vistRta bhedavAlA upabheda nirUpita kiyA 1 hai / jaise- sUtra 3 meM prathama jIva prajJApanA nirdiSTa hai aura bAda meM ajIva prajJApanA / kintu cauthe sUtra meM pahale ajIva prajJApanA kara pazcAt caudahaveM sUtra se jIva prajJApanA ke prabheda nirdiSTa haiM / usI prakAra prajJApanA sUtra 14 meM jIva ke saMsArI aura asaMsArI do bheda ra saMkSepa ke kAraNa 15 veM sUtra meM asaMsArI jIvoM kA 18veM sUtra meM saMsArI jIvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa vyatikrama kA kAraNa malayagiri ke anusAra alpavaktavya viSaya kA nirUpaNa pahale aura bahuvaktavya viSaya kA nirUpaNa bAda meM karanA hai| "

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 5 dArzanika zabdAvalI meM kahA jAya to isa graMtha meM uddeza, nirdeza aura vibhAga haiM parantu parIkSA nahIM hai| prajJApanA kA vizeSaNa bhagavatI pAMcavAM aMga vyAkhyAprajJapti bhagavatI nAma se adhika prasiddha hai| prajJApanA ko bhI 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai jo isakI vizeSatA ko darzAtA hai| bhagavatI meM prajJApanAsUtra kI 1,2,5,6,11,15,17,24,25,26 aura 27veM padoM meM se viSayapUrti kara lene kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / yaha sUcita karatA hai ki una-una viSayoM kI prajJApana zailI prajJApanA meM adhika vyavasthita hai| jJAtavya hai ki prajJApanA upAMga hone para bhI bhagavatI Adi kA sUcana usameM nahIM hai / mahAyAna bauddha darzana meM prajJApAramitA nAmaka graMtha kA adhika mahattva hai| usameM aSTasahasrikA pAramitA kA bhI aparanAma bhagavatI milatA hai| prajJApanA aura jIvAjIvAbhigama prajJApanA meM jIva-ajIva kI prajJApanA hai tathA jIvAjIvAbhigama meM jIvaajIva kA abhigama hai / prajJApanA aura abhigama donoM zabdoM kA bhAvArtha eka hai| donoM graMtha bAhya Agama tathA sthavirakRta haiM / prajJApanA cauthe aMga kA upAMga hai to jIvAjIvAbhigama tIsare aMga sthAnAMga kA upAMga hai| donoM kA mukhya pratipAdya eka hone para eka cauthe aMga aura dUsare kA sambandha tIsare aMga se hai / prazna uThatA hai ki kyA inameM koI aitihAsika krama hai? __jIvAjIvAbhigama kA mukhya viSaya jIva-ajIva prArambha meM prajJApanA kI bhAMti hI hai| usameM bhI jIva-ajIva meM se pahale ajIva kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda jIva kA nirUpaNa huA hai| jIva nirUpaNa kA krama jIvAjIvAbhigama meM unake jo mukhya bheda haiM, unhIM para AdhArita hai| kyoMki pahale saMsArI jIvoM ke do bheda kara unake 10 prabhedoM aura punaH sabhI jIvoM ke do vibhAga kara unake 10 prabhedoM kI carcA huI hai / dhyAtavya hai ki sthAnAMga meM bhI 10 sthAna haiM aura jIva-ajIva se sambandhita eka, do, tIna aura isI prakAra 10 taka kI saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa huA hai, dasa taka kA nirUpaNa donoM meM samAna hai / prajJApanA meM yaha krama Age bar3hatA hai / jIvAjIvAbhigama meM prajJApanA aura usake padoM kI carcA aneka bAra (sUtra 4, 5, 13, 15, 20, 35, 36, 38,41, 86, 91, 100, 106, 113, 117, 119-122) huI hai| vahAM rAjapraznIya kA ullekha bhI 109, 110 tathA aupapAtika" kA bhI ullekha sUtra 111 meM huA hai| ina sUtroM ke ullekha se yaha jijJAsA sahaja rUpa se ho sakatI hai ki ina AgamoM ke nAma valabhI vAcanA ke samaya suvidhA kI dRSTi se usameM rakhe gaye haiM yA svayaM Agama racayitA sthavira bhagavAna ne rakhe haiN| yadi lekhaka ne rakhe haiM to jIvAbhigama kI racanA

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6 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 prajJApanA ke bAda honI caahiye| kintu jIvAjIvAbhagama kI racanA zailI isa prakAra kI hai ki usameM krama se jIva-bheda nirUpaNa aura punaH una bhedoM meM una-una jIvoM kI sthiti, aMtara, alpa-bahutva Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA meM sampUrNa graMtha ko 36 padoM meM bAMTA gayA hai aura bheda nirUpaNa kevala prathama pada meM kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki jIva-ajIva ke jo bhI bheda-prabheda haiM unakA samagrabhAva nirUpaNa prathama pada meM huA hai / usake anantara padoM meM jIvoM ke sthAna, sthiti, aMtara, alpa-bahutva Adi ko aneka viSayoM ke krama meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / eka hI sthAna para jIvoM kI sthiti Adi kA varNana prApta hai / parantu jIvAjIvAbhigama meM una sabhI viSayoM kI carcA eka sAtha nahIM hai / vahIM prajJApanA meM una-una padoM meM sabhI jIvoM kI sthiti Adi viSayoM kA ekatra paricaya jAna sakate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jahAM aneka viSayoM kI carcA prajJApanA ke zeSa 35 (2-36) padoM meM hai, una sabhI viSayoM kI carcA jIvAjIvAbhigama meM nahIM hai / isa prakAra kI nirUpaNa paddhati kA bheda donoM meM hai phira bhI prajJApanA meM vastuvicAra kA Adhikya hai| isase yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki jIvAjIvAbhigama kI racanA prajJApanA se kadAcit pUrva huI hai| aba prajJApanA ke nAma kA ullekha jo jIvAjIvAbhigama meM hai, usakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki prajJApanA meM una viSayoM kI carcA vistAra se huI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prajJApanA kA ullekha bhagavatI Adi aMga sAhitya meM huA hai| jisa prakAra aMga grathoM meM prArambha meM maMgala sUcaka gAthA nahIM hai usI prakAra jIvAjIvAbhigama meM bhI maMgala sUcaka gAthA nahIM hai| kevala itanA kahA gayA hai ki jinamata, jinAnumata...jinadezita... jinaprazasta kA anuciMtana kara usameM zraddhA rakhate hue sthavira bhagavaMtoM ne jIvAjIvAbhigama graMtha kI prajJApanA kI hai| graMthaprArambha kI yaha paddhati aMga-graMthoM kI racanA kA anusaraNa karatI hai / usameM jisa prakAra 'evaM me suyaM' isa prakAra prApta zruta kA upadeza Arya sudharmA jambU ko dete haiM, kahA gayA hai usI prakAra 'sthaviroM ne jo jinopadeza prApta kiyA thA usameM zraddhA rakha unhoMne isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prajJApanA kI racanA graMtha ke prArambha meM maMgala kI prathA kI zuruAta hone ke bAda huI hai jabaki usa samaya taka jIvAjIvAbhigama kI racanA ho cukI thI? prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama donoM kA mUla dRSTivAda nAmaka aMga Agama hai jisakA vartamAna meM lopa ho gayA hai / isaliye donoM kI sAmagrI kA AdhAra bhI eka hai| donoM saMgraha grantha haiM aura donoM hI AgamoM kA viSaya jIva aura karma kA saiddhAntika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karanA hai / phira bhI donoM kI nirUpaNa zailI meM jo bheda hai, vaha ullekhanIya hai / prajJApanA meM jIva ko kendra meM rakhakara 36 padoM kA niyojana hai jabaki

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : SaTkhaNDAgama meM jIvasthAna nAmaka prathama khaNDa meM karma ke hrAsa ke kAraNa niSpanna guNasthAna (jise jIvasthAna nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai) kI mArgaNA jIva ke mArgaNA sthAnoM, gati Adi dvArA kI gayI hai| zeSa khaNDoM meM se khuddAbandha, baMdhasvAmitva, vedanA meM karma ko kendra meM rakhakara jIva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vargaNA khaNDa meM mukhya karmavargaNA hai, zeSa vargaNAoM kI carcA to usako samajhane ke liye hai / chaTheM khaNDa mahAbandha meM bhI karma kI pramukha rUpa se carcA hai / prajJApanA ke 36 padoM meM se karma (23), karmabandhaka (24), karmavedaka (25), vedabandhaka (26), vedavedaka (27), vedanA (35) -- ina padoM kA nAma jo prajJApanA mUla meM Ate haiM aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM jina-jina khaNDoM meM TIkAkAra ne inheM sUcita kiyA hai, kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| una-una nAma padoM meM jo carcA prajJApanA meM dekhane ko milatI hai usase vikasita aura sUkSma carcA SaTkhaNDAgama meM samAna nAma se sUcita khaNDoM meM milatI hai / isa prakAra prajJApanA jIva pradhAna hai to SaTkhaNDAgama karma pradhAna hai / 7 prajJApanA eka hI AcArya dvArA saMgrahIta hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama ke sambandha meM aisA nahIM hai / prajJApanA meM koI cUlikA nahIM hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM aneka cUlikAeM jor3I gayI haiM" / ye cUlikAyeM kaba aura kisake dvArA jor3I gayIM isakI koI sUcanA nahIM hai para cUlikA nAma se hI yaha spaSTa hai ki ye bAda meM jor3I gayI haiM jaisedazavaikAlika Adi AgamoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| praznottara zailI nibaddha - prajJApanA kI racanA sUtrarUpa meM huI hai jabaki uddeza - nirdeza rUpa SaTkhaNDAgama meM sUtra ke bAda anuyoga vyAkhyA zailI kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki usameM aneka bAra anuyogadvAroM ke AdhAra para vicAraNA kI gayI hai / isake atirikta kRti, vedanA, karma jaise zabdoM kI vyAkhyA nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai jo jaina kI niyukti prakAra kI vyAkhyA zailI kA spaSTa anusaraNa hai"| anugama", saMtaparUvaNA", niddesa, vihAsA" (vibhASA) jaise zabdoM kA prayoga bhI vyAkhyAzailI kI tarapha saMketa karate haiM / tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM jaise aneka prakAra ke anuyogadvAroM kA varNana hai vaisI vyavasthA aba taka prajJApanA meM nahIM ho pAI thI, aisA lagatA hai / kyoMki usameM kevala anuyogadvAroM kI gaNanA hai, koI nirUpaNa nahIM hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM ATha anuyogadvAroM kA nirdezapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aise anuyogadvAroM kI nirmANa bhUmikA to prajJApanA meM hai jisake AdhAra para bAda meM anuyogadvAroM kA nirUpaNa hone lagA / tattvArthasUtra (1-8) meM sat, saMkhyA Adi ATha anuyogadvAroM kA nirdeza hai, aisA koI nirdeza prajJApanA meM nahIM hai / kintu prajJApanA ke bhinna-bhinna padoM meM se anuyogadvAroM kA saMkalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA nizcita saMkalana SaTkhaNDAgama meM huA hai jo donoM racanAoM ke kAla viSayaka carcA para prakAza

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8 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 DAlatA hai| prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM aneka sthaloM para nirUpaNa ke atirikta zabdasAmya bhI hai jisase patA calatA hai ki donoM ke pAsa samAna paramparA thI / donoM graMtha mukhya rUpa se gadya meM likhita haiM para unameM gAthAeM bhI haiM / una gAthAoM meM se kitanI to saMgrahaNI gAthAyeM haiN| jahAM taka antara kA prazna hai prajJApanA meM jahAM alpa-bahutva meM 98 bheda haiM vahAM SaTakhaNDAgama meM unakI saMkhyA 78 hai / isakA kAraNa prabhedoM kA gauNa-mukhya bhAva hai| prajJApanA meM alpa-bahutva para aneka dvAroM ke dvArA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / unameM jIvaajIva vicAra donoM kA vicAra hai / SaTakhaNDAgama meM 14 guNasthAnoM meM gati Adi mArgaNA dvArA alpa-bahutva vicAra kiyA gayA hai jo prajJApanA kI tulanA meM adhika sUkSma hai / prajJApanA meM alpa-bahutva ke mArgaNAdvAroM kI saMkhyA 26 hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM gati Adi 14 dvAra haiN| unameM gati Adi 14 donoM meM samAna haiN| dhyAna dene yogya hai ki prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama donoM meM isa prakaraNa ke aMta meM mahAdaNDaka hai| donoM meM eka dUsarI samAnatA yaha hai ki gati Adi kI carcA meM donoM meM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva pada prApti kI carcA hai| kintu prajJApanA meM mANDalika pada aura ratnapada ye do pada vizeSa haiN| isa prakAra prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM aneka viSayoM ke nirUpaNa-zailI kA avalokana kiyA jAya to spaSTa lagatA hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama meM pratyeka vicAraNA prajJApanA kI apekSA adhika sUkSma evaM vikasita hai jo prakArAntara se prajJApanA ko pahale aura SaTakhaNDAgama ko bAda meM sthira karatI hai| prajJApanA kA samaya I0pU0 hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama kA samaya pAMcavIM sadI kA uttarArddha hai / prajJApanA kA kartA aura usakA samaya prajJApanA mUla meM kahIM bhI usake kartA kA nirdeza nahIM hai / kintu isake prArambha meM maMgala ke bAda do gAthAyeM haiM jisakI vyAkhyA AcArya haribhadra aura malayagiri ne kI hai, yadyapi donoM AcArya donoM gAthAoM ko prakSipta mAnate haiM / ina gAthAoM meM Arya zyAma ko kartA batAyA gayA hai / isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ke pahale taka prajJApanA Arya zyAma ko hI kRti ke rUpa meM prasiddha thii| ____ AcArya malayagiri ne Arya zyAma ke liye 'bhagavAna' pada kA ullekha kiyA hai - 'bhagavAna AryazyAmo'pi itthameva sUtraM racayati' (TIkA patra-72), AryazyAmaH paThati (TIkA patra-47), sarveSAmapi prAvacanikasUrINAM matAni bhagavAn AryazyAma upadiSTavAn (TIkA patra385) 'bhagavadAryazyAma pratipattau'

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana M (TIkA patra - 385) / ina gAthAoM se eka to lekhaka kA mahattva patA calatA hai dUsare ukta do prakSipta gAthAoM se yaha patA calatA hai ki Arya zyAma vAcaka vaMza meM hue haiM jo pUrvazruta meM parama niSNAt the / prajJApanA kI racanA meM viSayoM kA gumphana karate hue unhoMne apanI asAdhAraNa bauddhika kSamatA kA paricaya diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aMga aura upAMga bhI vibhinna viSayoM kI vizad carcA hetu prajJApanA ke adhyayana kA nirdeza karate haiM / nandIsUtra (vi.saM. 5vIM zatAbdI) kI sthavirAvalI jisameM sudharmA se lekara kramaza AcAryoM kI paramparA kA ullekha hai / unameM gyArahavAM nAma 'vaMdimo hAriyaM ca sAmajjaM Arya zyAma kA' AtA hai aura unheM hArIta gotra kA batAyA gayA hai kintu prArambha kI do prakSipta gAthAoM meM unheM vAcakavaMza meM 23veM paTTa para rakhA gayA hai / usI kA anusaraNa kara AcArya malayagiri unheM 23 veM pATa para ginate haiM / isameM kevala 23veM pATa kA nirdeza hai, sudharmA se lekara zyAmAcArya taka ke nAmoM kA koI sUcana nahIM hai / paTTAvaliyoM ke adhyayana se yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki kAlakAcArya nAma se tIna AcArya hue| prathama kAlakAcArya ve haiM jo vI. ni. 376 meM devaloka ko prApta hue (dharmasAgarIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra; jabaki kharataragacchIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra'AdyaH prajJApanAkRt indrasya agre nigodavicAravaktA zyAmAcAryA paranAmA / sa tu vIrAt 376 varSairjAtaH) / dUsare kAlakAcArya ve haiM jo gardhabhillocchedaka the aura jinakA samaya vikrama zatAbdI prArambha hone ke pUrva arthAt vI.ni. 453 hai / tIsare kAlakAcArya ve haiM jinhoMne saMvatsarI tithi ko pAMcama kI jagaha cautha ko manAyA thA, unakA samaya vI. ni. 993 (vi.sa. 523) mAnA jAtA hai / "" paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki ina tInoM meM se prathama kAlaka aura zyAmAcArya jinhoMne prajJApanA kI racanA kI, donoM eka haiN| ataH tIna kAlakAcAryoM meM prathama kAlakAcArya zyAmAcArya nAma se prasiddha haiM / ve apane 'yuga' ke mahAprabhAvaka AcArya the| unakA janma vI. ni. 280 (vi. pU. 190 ) hai / saMsAra se virakta hokara vI. ni. 300 (vi. pU. 170 ) meM bIsa varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne zramaNa dIkSA svIkAra kI / unakI yogyatA ke AdhAra para unheM vI. ni. 335 (135 vi. pU.) meM unheM yugapradhAna padavI dvArA vibhUSita kiyA gayA / paTTAvalI meM unheM 23vAM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai jabaki donoM prakSipta gAthAoM meM unheM 23veM sthAna para parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / ataH pATa viSayaka ullekha ko gauNa mAnakara hI samaya kA vicAra karanA hogA / antima kAlakAcArya prajJApanA ke kartA nahIM haiM kyoMki nandIsUtra jo vI. ni. 993 ke pUrva racita hai usameM prajJApanA ko Agama sUcI meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| aba prathama do kAlakoM meM se kauna se kAlaka zyAmAcArya haiM, yaha prazna vicAra ke liye bAkI raha jAtA hai| DA0 yU0 pI0

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gA.73 10 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 zAha kA mata hai ki yadi donoM kAlaka eka haiM to 11veM pATa para ullikhita zyAmAcArya aura gardhabhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya eka Thaharate haiN| paTTAvalI meM jahAM donoM ko alaga-alaga batAyA gayA hai vahAM bhI eka kI tithi vI. ni. 376 aura dUsare kI vI. ni. 453 hai / 376 meM janma hone para bhI ve unakI mRtyu tithi anyatra dikhAte haiM isaliye dUsare kAlaka kA 453 mRtyu samaya hai| yadi vI.ni.376 prathama kAlaka ke janma kA varSa mAnA jAya to bhI donoM kAlakoM meM mAtra 77 varSa kA antara hogA / ataH jisane bhI prajJApanA kI racanA kI ho, ve prathama kAlaka hoM yA dUsare, yadi donoM eka bhI hoM to itanA to nizcita hai ki yaha vikrama pUrva meM hone vAle kAlaka kI racanA hai / prajJApanA meM jo gAthAeM milatI haiM unameM se kucha gAthAeM sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyakaniyukti aura AcArAMganiyukti meM bhI milatI haiM / Aiye ina gAthAoM kI tulanA kareM: prajJApanA sUtrakRtAMga uttarAdhyayana a.36 AcArAMganiyukti sU. 24 gA08 2.3.19 gA.1 gA.74 sU. 24 gA0 9 2.3.19 gA.2 gA. 75 gA. 74 sU. 24 gA0 10 2.3.19 gA.3 gA.76 sU. 24 gA0 11 2.3.19 gA.4 gA.77 gA. 76 AcArAMganiyukti (gA.72,76) aura uttarAdhyayana (gA.73) meM spaSTa 36 bheda batAye gaye haiN| phira bhI uttarAdhyayana meM ye bheda 40 haiM / isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mUla meM 36 bheda hI gine jAte rahe hoMge, bAda meM unameM 4 gAthAyeM milA dI gayI hoNgii| isase prajJApanA meM una gAthAoM ko anyatra se uddhRta mAnanA pdd'egaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI ve gAthAyeM haiN| ina gAthAoM kA sabase prAcInatama rUpa AcArAMganiyukti meM upalabdha hai| ata: yaha sambhava hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM ye gAthAyeM kahIM anyatra se uddhata hoN| kyoMki imAo gAhAo aNugaMtavvAo' aisA kahakara gAthAyeM dI gayI haiM (tulanIya- 'eesiMNaM imAogAhAo aNugaMtavvAo' prjnyaapnaa-55)| yadiAcArya bhadrabAhu-prathama yA dvitIya ko niyuktiyoM kA kartA mAna liyA jAya to bhI isakI sambhAvanA atyanta kSINa hai ki unameM se sabhI gAthAyeM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne hI racI hoM / balki yaha mAnanA ucita hogA ki unameM bhI aneka saMgrahaNI gAthAyeM antarbhAvita kara lI gyiiN| isaliye niyukti ke AdhAra para prajJApanA kA samaya nirdhAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyayana 'jIvAjIvAvibhakti' kI tulanA prajJApanA ke prathama pada se karanA yaha darzAtA hai ki uttarAdhyayana pazcAt prajJApanA meM jIvavicAra huA gA. 75

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 11 hogA aura isa rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana kA vaha adhyayana prajJApanA se prAcIna hai / siddhoM ke viSaya meM aneka gAthAyeM prajJApanA aura aupapAtika meM pAI jAtI haiM jinameM se kucha uttarAdhyayana aura Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI dekhane ko milatI haiM / uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM se lagatA hai ki siddha viSayaka usakI gAthAyeM bhUmikA rUpa haiM jinakA anya graMthoM meM vistAra kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA yaha prakaraNa jisakA vizeSa sambandha prajJApanA ke sAtha hai, vaha prajJApanA se prAcIna hai / aupapAtika aura prajJApanA meM prArambha aura anta kI gAthAoM meM bheda hai / sambhAvanA to yaha bhI hai ki prajJApanA aupapAtika se prAcIna ho / I jaina paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki nigoda-vyAkhyAtA 'kAlaka' aura 'zyAma' AcArya eka haiM / kyoMki ye donoM zabda ekArthaka haiN| paramparA ke anusAra ve vI. ni. 335 meM yugapradhAna hue aura vI. ni. 376 taka jIvita rahe / yadi prajJApanA isa kAlaka kI racanA ho to vI. ni. 335-376 ( IsA pU. 135 - 94 yA I. san 79 - 38) ke bIca kI racanA honI cAhiye / (DA0 zArpenTiyara ke anusAra Arya zyAma kA samaya I. pU. 60 hai, utta0 prastAvanA pR0 - 27) yadi niryukti ko prathama bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAna leM aura yaha mAna leM ki usake mUla meM jIva bheda uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra 36 svIkAra kiye gaye the, to prajJApanA ko niyukti bAda kI racanA mAnanA par3egA aura taba prajJApanA ke samaya ke sAtha bhadrabAhu ke samaya kA virodha bhI nahIM hogA kyoMki ve ni:saMdeha prajJApanA se prAcIna haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kI racanA hai jo usa dharasena ke pazcAtavartI haiM jinakA samaya vI. ni. 683 mAnA jAtA hai / ataH prajJApanA ko SaTkhaNDAgama ke pUrva mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / SaTkhaNDAgama ke vicAroM kI praur3hatA, usakA vyavasthita rUpa evaM anuyoga zailI kA anusaraNa nizcita hI use uttaravartI siddha karatA hai / nandIsUtra meM dI gayI AgamoM kI sUcI meM prajJApanA kA ullekha hai / nandIsUtra vi.pU. 523 kI racanA hai ataH usake samaya ke sAtha bhI prajJApanA ke ukta samaya kA virodha nahIM hai / prajJApanAsUtra kI vyAkhyAyeM 1. AcArya haribhadrakRta pradezavyAkhyA prajJApanA kI pradezavyAkhyA ke lekhaka AcArya haribhadra ( I0 san 740- 785) haiM / vyAkhyA ke prArambha meM 'prajJApanAkhyopAMgapradezAnuyogaH prArabhyate' kahakara unhoMne prajJApanA ke amuka aMzoM ko anuyoga-vyAkhyAna abhipreta batAyA hai / unhoMne prajJApanA ko upAMga graMtha batAyA hai parantu malayagiri kI bhAMti use samavAyAMga kA upAMga nahIM I

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12 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 khaa| eka sthala para AcArya ne 'alamatiprasaMgena avacUrNikAmAtrametaditi' aisA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase ise avacUrNikA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / AcArya haribhadra kI isa vyAkhyA ke pahale bhI kisI ne cUrNi rUpa choTI-moTI TIkA likhI thI, aisA vyAkhyA ke katipaya ullekhoM se patA calatA hai / unhoMne aneka sthaloM para 'etaduktaM bhavati', 'kimuktaM bhavati', 'ayamatra bhAvArtha:', 'idamatra hRdayama', 'etesiM bhAvaNA' ityAdi zabdoM ke sAtha yA usake binA jo vivaraNa milatA hai, vaha kucha prAkRta aura kucha saMskRta meM hai / vyAkhyA meM kaI eka sthaloM para matAMtaroM ke sambandha meM apanA spaSTa nirNaya batAye binA mAtra guru ke mata ko diyA hai - evaM tAvat pUjyapAdA vyAcakSate, ane punaranyathA, tadabhiprAyaM punarati... (pR. 75 118 ) / ---- vyAkhyAkAra ne umAsvAti ( I0 san 350 - 375) kRta tattvArthasUtra kA nAma liye binA aneka sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai aura tattvArthabhASya se bhI uddharaNa diyA hai / unhoMne apanI AvazyakaTIkA (pR. 2) ke atirikta aneka graMthoM aura graMthakAroM kA nAma kahIM dete hue, kahIM na dete hue ullekha kiyA hai jaise- 'niyukti kAreNa' (pR. 105); siddhaprAbhRta (pR. 11); anuyogadvAra (pR. 32); jIvAbhigama (pR. 28) Adi / haribhadra ne pUrI TIkA meM 'uktaM ca' kahakara aneka prAkRta gAthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne ina gAthAoM kA bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai sAtha hI unakA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| 2. AcArya abhayadevakRta prajJApanA tRtIyapada saMgrahaNI aura usakI avacUrNi prajJApanA meM jIvoM kI alpa - bahutva viSayaka carcA tIna padoM meM hai / ve pada 133vIM gAthA meM nibaddha haiM / AcArya abhayadeva ( vi.saM. 1920) ne isa saMgraha kI nimna saMjJA dI hai : iyaM aTThANaupayaM savvajiyappabahumiyaM payaM taiyaM / patravaNAe siriabhayadevasUrihiM saMgahiyaM // parantu ve 'dharmasaMgrahaNI' tathA 'prajJApanoddhAra' ina nAmoM se bhI jAnI jAtI haiN| kyoMki unakI samApti para aura unakI avacUri ke aMta meM bhI yaha nAma nirdeza hai (dekheM - kulamaMDanakRta avacUrNi, ela. DI. insTITyUTa Apha iNDolAjI, hastaprata naM. 3673 tathA muni puNyavijaya-saMgraha naM. 664) yaha prajJApanA tRtIyapadasaMgrahaNI usakI avacUrNi sahita vi.saM. 1974 meM zrI AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA prakAzita hai /

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 13 3. acArya malayagirikRtavivRti - AcArya malayagiri (vi0saM0 1188-1260) ne prajJApanA para AcArya haribhadra se lagabhaga caugunI vistRta vyAkhyA likhI hai jo prajJApanA ko samajhane ke liye atyanta upayogI hai / unakI isa vyAkhyA kA AdhAra AcArya haribhadrakRta pradeza vyAkhyA hai kintu usameM aneka graMthoM kA unhoMne svatantrabhAva se upayoga kara ise adhika samRddha banA diyA hai / udAharaNArtha -strI tIrthaMkara ho sakatI hai yA nahIM, isa carcA ko haribhadra ne apanI pradezavyAkhyA meM mAtra siddhaprAbhRta kA udAharaNa dekara samApta kara diyA hai jabaki malayagiri ne strI-mokSa kI carcA pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ko rakhakara AcArya zAkaTAyana kA AdhAra lekara vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai (patra 20) / isI prakAra siddha svarUpa kI vyAkhyA meM bhI usakI anya dArzanikoM ke matoM se tulanA kara unhoMne jaina mata kI sthApanA kI hai| prajJApanA ke pAThAntaroM kI carcA bhI aneka sthaloM para hai -jaise patra 80,88, 96,165, 296, 372, 412, 430,600 / AcArya malayagiri ne apanI TIkAoM aura dUsare anya lekhakoM ke graMthoM kA uddharaNa apanI vyAkhyA meM dete haiM jo unake pAMDitya ko darzAtA hai / 'pANini svaprAkRta vyAkaraNe' - patra 5, 364; 'uttarAdhyayananiyuktigAthA'-patra 12; anuyogadvAreSu- patra 144, jinabhadragaNipUjyapAdAHpatra 380 aadi| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prajJApanA kI kisI prAcIna AcArya dvArA likhI koI cUrNi hogI jo AcArya haribhadra aura AcArya malayagiri ke samakSa usa para TIkA likhate samaya rahI hogii| prajJApanA TIkA meM AcArya malayagiri ne prajJApanA, saMgrahaNI, zrAvakaprajJapti aura dharmasAra kI mUla gAthAoM kA ullekha kara unake avataraNa diye haiM / TIkA meM saMgrahaNI tathA dharmasAra kI mUlaTIkA AcArya haribhadra kI batAyI gayI hai / jabaki zrAvakaprajJapti kI kevala mUla TIkA kA ullekha hai aura prajJApanA ke sambandha meM mUlaTIkA tathA mUlaTIkAkAra kA ullekha hai / unhoMne donoM TIkAoM ke kartA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki malayagiri dvArA batAI gayI prajJApanA mUlaTIkA aura zrAvakaprajJapti mUlaTIkA donoM haribhadrasUrikRta TIkAeM haiN| 4. zrI municandrasUrikRta vanaspativicAra zrI municandrasUri (svargavAsa vi.saM.1178) ne prajJApanA ke prArambhika padyoM ke vanaspativicAra ko71 gAthAoM vAlI vanaspatisaptatikA meM diyA hai| usakI avacUri bhI upalabdha hai / yaha kisake dvArA racita hai, isako jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM miltaa| isa kRti ke prArambha meM vizeSakara pratyeka aura ananta prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM kI carcA dekhane ko milatI hai aura anta meM:

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14 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 evaM pannavaNAe paNNavaNAe lavo samuddhario / bhaviyANa'Nuggahakae sirimaMmuNicaMdasUrihiM / / 71 / / iti vaNapphaisattarI / / isa 'vanaspatisaptatikA' kI vikrama kI 16vIM zatI meM likhita prati lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke pU0 munirAja zrI kIrtimunijI mahArAja grantha-saMgraha meM hai jisakA kramAMka 10601 hai / isa 77 gAthAoM vAle grantha meM sambhava hai 6 gAthAeM prakSipta hoM, isakI mUla gAthAeM 71 hI haiM / isa prati ke anta meM 'prajJApanAdyapadagato vanaspativicAraH sampUrNaH' aisA ullekha hai / isa sampUrNa prata meM prArambha meM aMcalagaccha ke mahendrasUrikRta 'vicArasattari' aura usakI avacUrNi, pazcAt ukta vanaspativicAra avacUrNi ke sAtha aura anta meM 'prajJApanAtRtIyapadasaMgrahaNI' abhayadevIya avacUrNi ke sAtha likhI hai / aMtima avacUrNi ke anta meM kulamaNDanasUri ke kartRtva kA ullekha hai| lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke saMgraha kI isa prata kA kramAMka 3674 tathA lekhana kAla vi.saM 1670 hai / 5. prajJApanAbIjaka harSakulagaNi dvArA racita bhagavatIbIjaka ke sAtha prajJApanAbIjaka bhI likhA gayA hai| yaha bhI harSakulagaNi dvArA racita jAna par3atA hai| prArambha yA anta meM isa viSaya meM koI sUcanA nahIM hai| isameM prajJApanA ke 36 padoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai| bhASA saMskRta hai / lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira kI prata naM0 5805 hai jisameM patra 11 ba se prArambha kara yaha 14 ba meM samApta ho jAtI hai / isakA lekhana kAla saMvat 1859 hai / 6. zrIpadmasundarakRta avacUri AcArya malayagiri kI TIkA ke AdhAra para yaha avacUri racita hai / isakI eka hastaprata lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira saMgraha meM hai jisakA kramAMka 7400 hai| yaha hastaprata saM. 1668 meM AgarA meM bAdazAha jahAMgIra ke rAjyakAla meM likhI gayI hai| yaha tapAgacchIya padmasundara akabara bAdazAha ke mitra the aura akabara ko unhoMne jaina-ajaina aneka pustakeM bheMTa kI thIM / inakA 'akabarazAhIzRMgAradarpaNa' nAma kI pustaka gaMgA oriyenTala pustakAlaya meM saM. 2000 meM prakAzita huI hai| unakA 'yadusundara', nAmaka mahAkAvya, tathA 'pArzvanAthacarita' mahAkAvya kI hastaprateM tathA 'pramANasundara nAmaka tattvajJAna kA graMtha lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira saMgraha meM haiN| vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye 'akabarazAhIzRMgAradarpaNa' kI prastAvanA draSTavya hai|

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 10 7. zrIdhanavimalakRta Tabo (bAlAvabodha ) isa Tabo kA racanA samaya saM. 1767 hai / prajJApanAsUtra kI bhASAnuvAda kRtiyoM meM sambhavataH yaha pahalI racanA hai / TabbAkAra ne Adi aura anta meM apanA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki zrIsomavimalasUri (saM. 1591-1633) 15 gaccha meM hue zrI vinayavimalajI ke ziSya zrI dhanavimala ne isa Tabo kI racanA kI hai / racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA gayA hai kintu aisA anumAna hai ki isakI racanA 17vIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM huI hogI / prajJApanAsUtraTabA kI eka dUsarI hastaprata lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke muni puNyavijaya saMgraha meM hai / usakA kramAMka 2329 aura lekhana saM. 1920 hai| 8. zrIjIvavijayakRta Tabo ( bAlAvabodha ) isa bAlAvabodha kI sUcanA jinaratnakoza meM hai / jinaratnakoza ke anusAra isa stabaka kI racanA saM. 1784 meM huI / isakI ekAdhika prateM lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke muni puNyavijaya saMgraha meM kramAMka 1058-49 para haiN| lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira saMgraha meM isakA naM. 2094 aura zrIkIrti muni saMgraha meM naM. 10214, 11079 hai / 9. zrIparamAnandakRta stabaka zrIparamAnandakRta stabaka-Tabo rAya dhanapatasiMha bahAdura kI prajJApanA AvRtti meM prakAzita hai| isa Tabo kI racanA saM. 1876 meM zrI lakSmIcaMdasUri ke samaya meM zrI Anandacandra ke ziSya paramAnanda ne kI thI, aisA ullekha isake anta meM hai / 10. zrInAnakacandrakRta saMskRta chAyA rAyadhanapatasiMha kI AvRtti meM TAiTila meM 'loMkAgacchIya rAmacaMdragaNikRta saMskRtAnuvAda' aisA likhA hai| kintu prazasti meM rAmacaMdra gaNi ke ziSya nAnakacaMdra ne saMskRtAnuvAda kiyA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| isa nAnakacaMdra ne prajJApanA kA saMpAdanasaMzodhana kiyA thA ata: unake astitvakAla meM prajJApanA prakAzita huI thI, arthAt I. san 1884 meM ve vidyamAna the / 11. ajJAtakartRka vRtti ? isa vRtti kI sUcanA jinaratnakoza meM hai aura isakI aneka prateM upalabdha haiM, aisA sUcana hai /

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16 1. zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 12. prajJApanAsUtra bhASAntara paM0 bhagavAnadAsa harakhacaMda dvArA racita yaha bhASAntara vi.saM. 1991 meM prakAzita huA / Upara sUcita prajJApanAsUtra kI vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta prajJApanAcUrNi bhI thI, kintu usakI hastaprata upalabdha nahIM hai| prajJApanAsUtrasAroddhAra kI hastaprata kA sUcana piTarsana riporTa bhAga eka ke 'pariziSTa'-- khaMbhAta ke zrIzAMtinAtha bhaMDAra kI sUcI meM- pR0 63 meM hai / yaha AcArya abhayadevakRta 'prajJApanoddhAra' athavA 'prajJApanAsaMgrahaNI' donoM graMthoM se bhinna hai / kyoMki prajJApanAsUtrasAroddhAra eka gadya racanA hai jabaki prajJApanoddhAra padyamaya racanA hai / I 13. prajJApanA paryAya lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke muni puNyavijaya saMgraha kI 4801 naM. kI hastaprata 'sarvasiddhAntaviSamapadaparyAya hai jisake prArambha meM paMcavastuka paryAya diye gaye haiM / usake bAda AcArAMga Adi kA paryAya patra 2-ba se prArambha hotA hai / usameM patra 5-a se prajJApanA kI paryAya prArambha hotI hai / isameM graMthakAra ne jisakA paryAya denA hai usake pada kA nAma dekara una-una zabdoM ke vivaraNa yA paryAya diye haiN| isameM sarvaprathama aThArahaveM pada meM se anAhAraka pada kA vivaraNa hai aura patra 6 - ba meM to prajJApanA kI paryAya samApta kara nizIthacUrNi Adi kI paryAya dI gayI hai / usake pazcAt patra 63 - a se patra 64-ba taka meM 'prajJApanAvivaraNaviSamapadaparyAya' hai| lAla bhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdira ke saMgraha kI prata meM viSamapadaparyAya kI do prakAra kI kRtiyAM saMgRhIta haiM / yaha prati bhI anyAnya bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hai / isameM aneka azuddhiyAM haiM tathA aneka sthaloM para padaccheda bhI azuddha haiM / prajJApanA ke prakAzita saMskaraNa 1. vi.saM. 1940 me RSi zrI nAnakacaMda jI dvArA saMpAdita huA prajJApanA sUtra rAya zrI dhanapatisiMha jI dvArA sarvaprathama prakAzita huA thA / isa graMtha meM prajJApanA sUtra mUla, zrIrAmacandragaNikRta prajJApanAsUtra mUlapATha kA anuvAda, AcAryazrI malayagiriracita prajJApanAsUtra TIkA tathA paramAnandarSikRta prajJApanAsUtra kI bhASATIkA prakAzita huI hai| 2. ca. pU. pA. AgamoddhAraka AcArya zrI sAgarAnandasUrijI dvArA saMpAdita aura zrI Agamodaya samiti dvArA do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huI prajJApanAsUtra kI AvRtti / isa graMtha meM prajJApanAsUtra mUla tathA usakI AcArya zrI malayagiriracita TIkA prakAzita huI hai| isameM pUrva prakAzita AvRtti kI apekSA bahuta azuddhiyAM haiM / 3.vI.saM. 2445 (vi.saM. 1975) meM muni zrI amolakaRSi dvArA sampAdita aura lAlAzrI sukhadeva sahAyajI dvArA prakAzita huI AvRtti prApta hotI hai| isa graMtha meM

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 17 prajJApanAsUtra mUla tathA muni zrI amolakaRSikRta hiMdI anuvAda prakAzita huA hai I isameM prajJApanA mUla kI vAcanA ati zuddha hai| muni zrI amolakaRSi ne yahAM pahale kI rAyazrIdhanapati siMhajI kI AvRtti kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA hai / 4. vi.saM. 1991 meM paM0 zrIbhagavAnadAsa harSacandra dvArA sampAdita tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita AvRtti / isa graMtha meM prajJApanAsUtra mUla, mUla vAcanA kA gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita huA hai / isa AvRtti kI mUla vAcanA taiyAra karane meM samiti kI AvRtti ko sAmane rakhakara vizeSa saMzodhana ke liye ahamadAbAda ke zrI zAMtisAgara bhaMDAra kI eka saTIka aura truTita prajJApanAsUtra kI hastalikhita prata kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| maulika zuddha pATha hote hue bhI isameM kahIM-kahIM choTI-moTI truTiyAM raha gayI haiN| 5. vi.saM. 1998 (vIra ni. saM. 2468) meM Agama mandira ( pAlitANA ) meM zilA para utkIrNa samasta AgamoM ko prakAzita karane ke uddezya se maryAdita saMkhyA meM prakAzita AgamaratnamaMjUSA nAmaka mahAgrantha ke antargata prakAzita prajJApanA kI AvRtti / sUtrapAThoM ko saMkSipta karane meM kahIM-kahIM mUla svarUpa vikRta-sA ho gayA hai / yaha AvRtti bhI saMtoSajanaka nahIM hai| 6. munirAjazrI puSpabhikSu - phUlacandra dvArA sampAdita 'suttAgameM' nAmaka graMtha ke dUsare aMza meM aMga AgamoM ke alAvA 21 Agama prakAzita hue haiM / usameM prajJApanA sUtra bhI prakAzita hai / ukta suttAgameM kA dUsarA bhAga vi.saM. 2011 meM sUtrAgama samiti, asia dvArA prakAzita hai / suttAgame ke pahale bhAga kI prastAvanA lekhaka munizrI jiNacandra bhikkhU haiM tathA dUsare bhAga ke sampAdaka lekhaka zrIpuSpabhikSujI svayaM haiM / isameM (1) pATha zuddhi kA pUrA-pUrA khayAla rakhA gayA hai (2) isake sampAdana meM zuddha pratiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai (3) pAThAntara navIna paddhati se diye gaye haiM / parantu muni puNyavijayajI ke anusAra ina niyamoM ke pAlana kA abhAva isa AvRtti meM hai / 7. I0 san 1969-71 meM muni zrIpuNyavijayajI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM paM. amRtalAla bhojaka dvArA sampAdita jaina Agama granthamAlA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI dvArA do bhAgoM meM 'paNNavaNAsuttaM' nAma se prakAzita AvRtti / yaha AvRtti aba taka kI prakAzita sabhI AvRttiyoM meM sarvathA zuddha hai| muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne isameM isake pUrva kI samasta AvRttiyoM kA lekhA-jokhA niSpakSa prastuta kiyA hai| isake atirikta AgamasudhA-sindhu (lAkhAbAvala - 1977), uvAMgasuttANi ( AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI - 1987), AgamasuttANi, saMpA0 muni dIparatnasAgara, ahamadAbAda 1995), AgamadIpa ( muni dIparatnasAgara, ahamadAbAda 1997) Adi prajJApanA ke pramukha prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM /

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18 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 prajJApanA kI viSayavastu prajJApanA pada chattIsa padoM vAle prajJApanAsUtra kA prathama pada prajJApanA pada hai / isameM jaina darzana sammata jIvatattva aura ajIvatattva kI prajJApanA --prakarSarUpeNa prarUpaNA bhedaprabheda batAkara kI gayI hai / sUtra 2 meM 36 padoM ke vivecana ke bAda sUtra 3 meM prajJApanA ke svarUpa aura prakAra kI carcA kI gayI hai / sUtra 4 meM ajIva prajJApanA ke svarUpa aura prakAra batAye gaye haiM / ajIva prajJApanA jIva prajJApanA ke pUrva kI gayI hai, kyoMki isameM jIvatattva kI apekSA vaktavya alpa hai / pazcAt ajIvoM ke nirUpaNa meM rUpI, arUpI nAmaka do bheda aura unake prabheda kiye gaye haiM / sUtra 5-13 taka arUpI ajIva prajJApanA usake bheda-prabhedoM - dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAya kA deza, dharmAstikAya kA pradeza, adharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kA deza, adharmAstikAya kA pradeza, AkAzAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya kA deza, AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza aura addhAsamaya (kAla) kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai / rUpI ajIvaprajJApanA cAra prakAra kI haiM- skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu pudgala / sUtra 14 meM jIvaprajJApanA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue usake do pramukha bhedoM -asaMsAra samApana evaM saMsAra samApana jIvoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| sUtra 15 se 17 taka asaMsAra samApanna jIvoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai aura siddha jIvoM ke 15 bheda batAye gaye haiN| sUtra 18 se 147 taka saMsAra samApanna jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / isameM ekendriya saMsArI jIvaprajJApanA ke pAMca prakAroM kI carcA hai- pRthvIkAyika (20-25), apkAyika (26-28), tejaskAyika (29-31), vAyukAyika (32-34) aura vanaspatikAyika (3553) / vanaspatikAyika jIvoM meM pratyeka zarIra bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke 12 bheda,; sAdhAraNa zarIra bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIvoM meM vRkSAdi ke 12 bhedoM kI vyAkhyA, anantajIvoM vAlI vanaspati ke lakSaNa, bIja kA jIva mUlAdi kA jIva bana sakatA hai yA nahIM? tathA sAdhAraNa zarIra vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai (54-55) / sUtra 56 se 60 taka dvIndriya saMsAra samApanna jIvoM kI jAti evaM yoniyAM, trIndriya-caturindriya jIvoM kI prajJApanA, caturvidha paMcendriya tathA nairayika jIvoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai| sUtra 61 se 68 taka samagra paMcendriya tiryaMca yonika jIvoM ke bheda,69 se 81 thalacara paMcendriya,82-85 AsAlikoM kI utpatti,86-91 khecara paMcendriya tiryaMcayonika ke vividha bheda,92-97 taka samagra manuSya jIva, sammUrchima manuSya utpatti ke sthAna, garbhaja ke tIna prakAra, antardIpika manuSya ke 28 bheda, akarmaka manuSya ke tIsa bheda tathA karmabhUmaka manuSya ke do bheda- Arya aura mleccha kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai| sUtra 98 se 106 meM mleccha-Arya ke bheda, RddhiprApta AryoM ke 6 bheda, Rddhi-aprApta AryoM ke 9 bheda, kSetrArya ke 26 bheda, jAtyArya, kulArya ke 6

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 19 6 bheda tathA karmArya-zilpArya ke vividha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / sUtra 108 se 138 taka jJAnArya-darzanArya-cAritrArya ke vividha bheda tathA vividha samIkSAyeM dI gayI haiN| sUtra 139 se 147 taka caturvidha devoM, daza prakAra ke bhavanavAsI, ATha prakAra ke vANavyantara, pAMca prakAra ke jyotiSka tathA vaimAnika devoM ke do tathA devoM ke vividha rUpoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai / jIva- ajIva ke maulika bhedoM kI carcA karate hue kahIM bhI sAmAnya padoM jaise dravya, tattva yA padArtha kI carcA nahIM kI gayI hai / yaha apane Apa meM isa Agama kI prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai| sthAnapada dUsare sthAnapada meM pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturendriya, paMcendriya, nairayika, tiryaMca, bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka, vaimAnika aura siddha jIvoM ke vAsasthAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / jIvoM ke nivAsa sthAna do prakAra ke haiM- 1. svasthAna, jahAM jIva janma se lekara mRtyuparyanta rahatA hai aura 2. prAsaMgika vAsasthAna athavA upapAta aura samudghAta ke samaya jIva kA sthaan| (148-211) alpabahutva pada tRtIya alpa-bahutva pada hai jisameM dizA, gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyata, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, parIta, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhava, astikAya, carama, jIva, kSetra, bandha, pudgala aura mahAdaNDaka ina sattAisa dvAroM kI apekSA se jIvoM ke alpa-bahutva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (212-334) sthitipada caturtha sthitipada meM nairayika, bhavanavAsI, pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturendriya, paMcendriya, manuSya, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika jIvoM kI sthiti kA varNana hai / (335-437) vizeSapada yA paryAyapada paMcama vizeSapada yA paryAyapada meM cauvIsI daNDakoM ke krama se prathama jIvoM ke nairayika Adi vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM ko lekara vaimAnika devoM taka ke paryAyoM kI vicAraNA kI gayI hai| tatpazcAt ajIva-paryAya ke bheda-prabheda tathA arUpI ajIvake bheda-prabhedoM kI apekSA se paryAyoM kI saMkhyA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (438-558)

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20 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 vyutkrAntipada chaThe vyutkrAntipada meM bAraha muhUrta aura caubIsa muhUrta kA upapAta aura udvartana (maraNa) sambandhI virahakAla kyA hai? kahAM jIva sAntara utpanna hotA hai?, eka samaya meM kitane jIva utpanna hote aura marate haiM? kahAM se Akara utpanna hote haiM? mara kara kahAM jAte haiM?, parabhava kI Ayu kaba baMdhatI hai ? Ayubandha sambandhI ATha AkarSa kauna se haiM-ina ATha dvAroM se jIva kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| (559-692) ucchvAsapada sAtaveM ucchvAsapada meM nairayika Adi ke ucchvAsa grahaNa karane aura chor3ane ke kAla kA varNana hai| (693-724) saMjJApada AThaveM saMjJApada meM jIva ke AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka aura augha, ina dasa 10 saMjJAoM kA 24 daNDakoM kI apekSA se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| (725-737) yonipada nauveM yonipada meM jIva kI zIta, uSNa, zItoSNa, sacitta, acitta, mizra, saMvRta, vivRtta, saMvatta-vivRtta, kUrmonata, zaMkhAvarta aura vaMzIpatra, ina yoniyoM ke Azraya se samagra vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (738-773) carama-acarama pada dasaveM carama-acarama pada meM --carama hai, acarama hai, aneka carama haiM, aneka acarama haiM, caramAnta pradeza haiM, acaramAnta pradeza haiM, ina cha: vikalpoM ko lekara 24 daNDakoM ke jIvoM kA gatyAdi kI dRSTi se tathA vibhinna dravyoM kA loka-aloka Adi kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (774-829) bhASApada gyArahaveM bhASApada meM bhASA sambandhI vicAra karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki bhASA kisa prakAra utpanna hotI hai, usakI AkRti kisa prakAra kI hai| isake sAtha hI bhASA ke prakAra ke antargata satya bhASA, mRSAbhASA, satyAmRSA aura asatyAmRSA bhASA ke kramazaH dasa aura solaha prakAra batAye gaye haiM / satya bhASA ke dasa prakAra batAte huejanapadasatya, saMyatasatya, sthApanAsatya, nAmasatya, rUpasatya, pratItasatya, apekSAsatya, vyavahArasatya, yogasatya evaM upamAsatya / mRSAbhASA dasa prakAra kI hotI hai- krodhanizrita, mAnanizrita, mAyAnizrita, lobhanizrita, premanizrita, dveSanizrita, hAsyanizrita, bhayanizrita

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 21 AkhyAyikAnizrita, va upaghAtanizrita / satyamRSA bhASA dasa prakAra kI hai-utpannamizrita, vigatamizrita, utpannavigatamizrita, jIvamizrita, ajIvamizrita, jIvAjIvamizrita, anantamizrita, pratyekamizrita, addhAmizrita evaM addhAddhamizrita / isIprakAra asatyAmRSA bhaSA ke 12 prakAra haiM- AmaMtraNI, AjJApanI, yAcanI, pRcchanI, prajJApanI, pratyAkhyAnI, icchAlomA, anabhagRhItA, abhigRhItA, saMzayakaraNI, vyAkRtA evaM avyAkRtA / anta meM solaha prakAra ke vacanoM -- ekavacana, dvivacana, bahuvacana, strIvacana, puruSavacana, napuMsakavacana, adhyAtmavacana, upanItavacana, apanItavacana, upanItApanItavacana, apanItopanItavacana, atItavacana, pratyutpannavacana, anAgatavacana, pratyakSavacana va parokSavacana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (830-900) zarIrapada __bArahaveM zarIrapada meM pAMca zarIroM kI apekSA se 24 daNDakoM meM se kisake kitane zarIra hote haiM / isameM audArika, vaikrayika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa ina pAMca zarIroM kI apekSA se jIvoM kA varNana hai / (901-924) pariNAmapada terahaveM pariNAmapada meM jIva ke dasa prakAra ke pariNAma batalAye gaye haiMgatipariNAma, indriyapariNAma, kaSAyapariNAma,lezyApariNAma, yogapariNAma, upayogapariNAma, jJAnapariNAma, darzanapariNAma, cAritrapariNAma aura vedapariNAma (1-3) / ajIvapariNAma bhI dasa prakAra kA hotA hai- baMdhanapariNAma, gatipariNAma, saMkhyAnapariNAma, bhedapariNAma, varNapariNAma, gaMdhapariNAma, rasapariNAma,sparzapariNAma,agurUlaghupariNAma tathA shbdprinnaam| (925-957) kaSAyapada caudahaveM kaSAyapada meM krodhAdi cAra kaSAya, unakI pratiSThA, utpatti, prabheda tathA unake dvArA karma-prakRtiyoM ke cayopacaya evaM bandha kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai / prakAra ke sandarbha meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha; utpatti ke sandarbha meM -kSetra, vastu, zarIra va upadhi tathA prabhedoM meM anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna evaM saMjvalana Adi cAra kaSAyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / (958-971) indriyapada pandrahaveM indriyapada meM do uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, aura sparzendriya ina pAMca indriyoM kA saMsthAna Adi 24 dvAroM ke Azraya se jIvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare uddezaka meM indriyopacaya, indriyanirvartanA, nirvartanAsamaya, indriyalabdhi, indriya-upayoga Adi tathA indriyoM kI avagAhanA, avagraha, dhAraNA

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22 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 Adi bAraha dvAroM ke mAdhyama se carcA kI gayI hai / anta meM indriyoM ke bheda-prabheda kA vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / (972-1067) prayogapada solahaveM prayogapada meM satyamanaH prayoga, asatyamana: prayoga, satyamRSAmanaH prayoga, asatyamRSAmanaH prayoga; isI prakAra vacana prayoga ke cAra bheda- audArikazarIrakAya prayoga, audArikamizrazarIrakAyaprayoga, vaikriyazarIrakAyaprayoga, vaikriyakamizrakAyaprayoga, AhArakazarIrakAyaprayoga, AhArakamizrazarIrakAyaprayoga tathA taijasakArmaNazarIrakAyaprayoga, (1-5) batAye gaye haiM / gatiprapAta ke pAMca bheda batAye gaye haiM- prayogagati, tatagati, baMdhanachedanagati, upapAtagati aura vihAyagati / (1068 - 1122) lezyApada satrahaveM lezyApada meM chaH uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM samakarma, samavarNa, samalezyA, samavedanA, samakriyA, aura samaAyu nAmaka adhikAra haiM / dUsare uddezaka meM- kRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma aura zukla lezyA ke Azraya se jIvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare uddezaka meM lezyA sambandhI praznoM kA uttara diyA gayA hai| cauthe uddeza meM pariNAma, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, zuddha, aprazasta, saMkliSTa, uSNa, gati, pariNAma, pradeza, avagADha, vargaNA, sthAna aura alpa - bahutva nAma ke adhikAroM kA varNana hai / sAtha hI lezyAoM ke varNa aura svAda kA bhI varNana hai| pAMcaveM uddezaka meM lezyA kA pariNAma batAyA gayA hai| chaTheM uddezaka meM kisakI kitanI lezyAeM hotI haiM? isa viSaya kA varNana hai / (1123 - 1258 ) kAya sthitipada aThArahaveM kAyasthitipada meM jIva, gati, indriya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyata, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, paritta, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhavasiddhika, astikAya aura carama ke Azraya se kAyasthiti kA varNana hai / (12591398) samyaktvapada unnIsaveM samyaktvapada meM samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi aura samyak-mithyAdRSTi ke bheda se jIvoM kA varNana hai / (1405) antakriyApada bIsaveM antakriyApada meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kauna-sA jIva antakriyA kara sakatA hai aura kyoM? sAtha hI antakriyA zabda vartamAna bhava kA anta karake navIna

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 23 bhava-prApti athavA (mRtyu) ke artha meM bhI yahAM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kI antakriyA kA vicAra caubIsa daNDakavartI jIvoM se sambandhita kiyA gayA hai| karmoM kI antarUpa antakriyA to eka mAtra manuSya hI kara sakate haiN| isakA varNana chaH dvAroM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai / (1406 -- 1473) avagAhanA-saMsthAna yA zarIrapada ikkIsaveM avagAhanA-saMsthAna yA zarIrapada meM zarIra kI vidhi (bheda), saMkhyAna, pramANa, pudgaloM ke caya, zarIroM ke pArasparika sambandha, unake dravya, pradeza, dravyapradezoM tathA avagAhanA ke alpa - bahutva kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai / (1474 - 1566) kriyApada bAIsaveM kriyApada meM kAyikI, adhikariNikI, prAdveSikI, pAritApanikI va prANAtipAtikI ina 5 kriyAoM tathA inake bhedoM kI apekSA se samasta saMsArI jIvoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (1567-1663) karmaprakRtipada teIsaveM karmaprakRtipada ke pahale uddezaka meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karmoM meM se kauna jIva kitanI karmaprakRtiyoM ko bAMdhatA hai, isakA vicAra hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM karmoM kI uttaraprakRtiyoM aura unake bandha kA varNana hai / (1664 - 1753) karmabaMdhapada cauvIsaveM karmabaMdhapada meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ko bAMdhate hue jIva kitanI karmaprakRtiyAM bAMdhatA hai ? isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / (1754-1768) karmavedapada paccIsaveM karmavedapada meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ko bAMdhate hue jIva kitanI karmaprakRtiyoM kA vedana karatA hai ? isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (1769-1774) karmavedabandhapada chabbIsaveM karmavedabandhapada meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA vedana karate hue jIva kitanI karmaprakRtiyAM bAMdhatA hai? isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (1775-1786) karmavedavedapada sattAisaveM karmavedavedapada meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA vedana karate hue jIva kitanI karmaprakRtiyoM kA vedana karatA hai? isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (17871792)

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24 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 AhArapada aTThAIsaveM AhArapada ke pahale uddezaka meM sacittAhArI AhArArthI kitane kAla taka, kisakA AhAra karatA hai, kyA sarvAtmapradezoM dvArA AhAra karatA hai? kitanA bhAga AhAra karatA hai? kyA sarvapudgaloM kA AhAra karatA hai, kisa rUpa se usakA pariNamana hotA hai ? kyA ekendriya zarIra Adi kA AhAra karatA hai ? lomAhAra aura manobhakSI kyA hai -Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai (1-9) / dUsare uddezaka meM AhAra, bhavya, saMjJI, lezyA, dRSTi, saMyata, kaSAya, jJAna, yoga, upayoga, veda, zarIra aura paryApti-- ina teraha adhikAroM kA varNana hai / (1793-1907) upayogapada unatIsaveM upayogapada meM sAkAra upayoga aura anAkAra upayoga ina do upayoMgoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / sAkAra upayoga ke ATha bheda hote haiM- matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna, kevalajJAna, mati - ajJAna, zruta- ajJAna va vibhaMgajJAna / anAkAra upayoga cAra hote haiM- cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana va kevldrshn| (19081935) pazyattApada tIsaveM pazyattApada meM bhI pUrvavata sAkArapazyattA aura anAkAra - pazyattA ye do bheda batAkara punaH sAkArapazyattA ke zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna, kevalajJAna, mati - ajJAna, zruta- ajJAna va vibhaMgajJAna bheda aura anAkAra pazyattA ke cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana va kevaladarzana Adi tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / (19361964) saMjJIpada ikatIsaveM saMjJIpada meM saMjJI, asaMjJI aura nosaMjJI ke Azraya se jIvoM kA varNana hai / (1965-1973) saMyatapada battIsaveM saMtapada meM saMyata, asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata ke Azraya se jIvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / (1974-1980) avadhipada taiMtIsaveM avadhipada meM viSaya, saMsthAna, abhyaMtarAvadhi, bAhyAvadhi, dezAvadhi, kSaya-avadhi, vRddhi - avadhi, pratipAtI aura apratipAtI- ina dvAroM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / (1981-2031)

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 25 paricAraNApada cauMtIsaveM paricAraNApada (pravIcAra) meM anantarAgata AhAraka (utpatti ke samaya turanta AhAra karane vAlA), AhAra viSayaka Abhoga aura anAbhoga, AhAra rUpa se grahaNa kiye hue puloM kI ajJAnatA, adhyavasAyakathana, samyakttava - prApti tathA kAyasparza, rUpa, zabda aura mana ke sambandha meM paricAraNA-viSayopabhoga, unakA alpa- bahutva ina adhikAroM kA varNana hai / (2032-2053) vedanApada paiMtIsaveM vedanApada meM zIta, uSNa, zItoSNa, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, zArIrika, mAnasika, zArIrika-mAnasika; sAtA, asAtA, sAtA-asAtA; duHkhA, sukhA, aduHkhAsukhA; abhyupagamikI, aupakramikI; nidA (citta kI saMlagnatA ), anidA nAmaka vedanAoM ke Azraya se jIvoM kA varNana hai / (2054-2084) samudghAtapada antima chattIsaveM samudghAtapada meM vedanA, kaSAya, maraNa, vaikriya, taijasa, AhAraka aura kevalisamudghAta kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / ( 2085 - 2167) dArzanika samIkSA prajJApanA kA darzana ke kSetra meM viziSTa avadAna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM zramaNa paramparA ke anya pAMca sampradAya vidyamAna the / una pAMco sampradAya kA netRtva kramazaH pUraNa kazyapa, maMkhalIgozAlaka, ajitakeza kambala, pakudha kAtyAyana aura saMjaya velaTThiputta kara rahe the| sAtha hI tathAgata buddha kI bhI paramparA unake sAmane thii| yadi hama una sabhI dharmAcAryoM ke dArzanika pahaluoM kA cintana kareM to spaSTa hogA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jIva- ajIva tattvoM kA jaisA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA, vaisA sUkSma vizleSaNa usa yuga kA koI bhI dharmAcArya nahIM kara sakA / bhagavAna buddha to 'avyAkRta' kahakara AtmA, paramAtmA sambandhI praznoM ko TAlate rhe| jabaki jIva evaM ajIva jaina darzana ke kendrIbhUta viSaya rahe haiM / samasta dArzanika vizleSaNa inhIM do tattvoM ke paritaH ghUmatA hai| jaina darzana hI nahIM apitu samasta bhAratIya darzana kA dhyeya hai- duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti yA mokSa prApti aura mokSa kA samUcA siddhAnta jIva ke liye hI to hai / prajJApanA ina jIva aura ajIva tattvoM kA aneka AyAmoM se vizad vivecana karatI hai| jIva evaM ajIva kI carcA AgamoM meM - samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga, jIvAjIvAbhigama, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM aneka AcAryoM dvArA kI gayI hai / kintu jitanA sUkSma vivecana prajJApanA meM upalabdha hai vaha anyatra durlabha hai /

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26 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 jIva - ajIva kI vistRta vyAkhyA 1 prajJApanA jIva - ajIva kA unake pratyeka sambhava bheda-prabhedoM ke sAtha carcA karatI hai / ajIvoM ke nirUpaNa meM rUpI, arUpI nAmaka do bheda aura unake prabheda kiye gaye haiN| sUtra 5 - 13 taka arUpI ajIvaprajJApanA usake bheda - prabhedoM - dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAya kA deza, dharmAstikAya kA pradeza, adharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kA deza, adharmAstikAya kA pradeza, AkAzAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya kA deza, AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza aura addhAsamaya (kAla) kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai| rUpI ajIvaprajJApanA cAra prakAra kI hai- skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu pudgala sUtra 14 meM jIvaprajJApanA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue usake do pramukha bhedoM - asaMsAra samApanna evaM saMsAra samApanna jIvoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| sUtra 15 se 17 taka asaMsAra samApanna jIvoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai aura siddha jIvoM ke 15 bheda batAye gaye haiM / sUtra 18 se 147 taka saMsAra samApana jIvoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / isameM ekendriya saMsArI jIvaprajJApanA ke pAMca prakAroM kI carcA haipRthvIkAyika (20-25), apkAyika ( 26 - 28), tejaskAyika (29-31), vAyukAyika (32-34) aura vanaspatikAyika (35-53) / vanaspatikAyika jIvoM meM pratyeka zarIra, bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke 12 bheda, sAdhAraNa zarIra bAdara vanaspatikAyika jIvoM meM vRkSAdi ke 12 bhedoM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| sUtra 56 se 60 taka dvIndriya saMsAra samApanna jIvoM kI jAti evaM yoniyAM, trIndriya- caturindriya jIvoM kI prajJApanA, caturvidha paMcendriya tathA nairayika jIvoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai / sUtra 61 se 68 taka samagra paMcendriya tiryaMca yonika jIvoM ke bheda, 69 se 81 thalacara paMcendriya, 82-85 AsAlikoM kI utpatti, 86-91 khecara paMcendriya tiryaMca yonika ke vividha bheda, 92-97 taka samagra manuSya jIva, sammUrcchima manuSya utpatti ke sthAna, garbhaja ke tIna prakAra, antadvIpika manuSya ke 28 bheda, akarmaka manuSya ke tIsa bheda tathA karmabhUmaka manuSya ke do bheda- Arya aura mleccha kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai / sUtra 98 se 106 meM mleccha-Arya ke bheda, RddhiprApta AryoM ke 6 bheda, RddhiaprApta AryoM ke 9 bheda, kSetrArya ke 26 bheda, jAtyArya, kulArya ke 6-6 bheda tathA karmArya-zilpArya ke vividha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtra 108 se 138 taka jJAnArya - darzanArya - cAritrArya ke vividha bheda tathA vividha samIkSAyeM dI gayI haiM / sUtra 139 se 147 taka caturvidha devoM, dasa prakAra ke bhavanavAsI, ATha prakAra ke vANavyantara, pAMca prakAra ke jyotiSka tathA vaimAnika devoM ke do tathA devoM ke vividha rUpoM kI prajJApanA kI gayI hai / isake atirikta jina pramukha dArzanika siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai unameM astikAya kI avadhAraNA, jIvoM kA nivAsa sthAna, paryAya, jIva ke zarIra, kaSAya, indriya, lezyA, karma - siddhAnta, upayoga- pazyattA tathA jJAna-darzana Adi pramukha haiN|

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 27 AstikAya kI avadhAraNA prajJApanA meM ajIva kA nirUpaNa rUpI aura arUpI ina do bhedoM meM karake pudgala dravya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| arUpI meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya Adi ke rUpa meM ajIva dravya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kintu prastuta Agama meM ina bhedoM kA varNana karate samaya astikAya zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kintu unake sthAna para dravya, tattva aura padArtha zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vyutpatti kI dRSTi se astikAya zabda 'asti' aura 'kAya' ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai / asti kA artha hai 'sattA' aura kAya kA artha yahAM para zarIra rUpa astivAna ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| kyoMki paMcAstikAya meM pudgala ke atirikta sabhI amUrta haiM / ataH yahAM kAya ka lAkSaNika artha hai- jo avayavI dravya haiM ve astikAya haiM aura jo niravayava dravya haiM ve anastikAya haiM / kintu kAyatva kA artha sAvayavatva yadi mAnate haiM to eka samasyA yaha utpanna hotI hai ki paramANu to avibhAjya, niraMza aura niravayava haiM to kyA vaha astikAya nahIM haiM / paramANu pudgala kA hI eka vibhAga hai phira bhI use astikAya mAnA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne isakA samAdhAna kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza avibhAjya aura akhaNDa dravya haiM kintu kSetra kI dRSTi se ve lokavyApI haiM / isaliye kSetra kI apekSA se sAvayatva kI avadhAraNA yA vibhAga kI kalpanA vaicArika stara para kI gayI hai / paramANu svayaM meM niraMza, avibhAjya aura niravayava hai, vaha kAya rUpa nahIM hai kintu jaba vaha paramANu skandha kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai to vaha kAyatva aura sAvayatva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai / prajJApanA 18veM pada ke 21veM astikAyadvAra meM isa para carcA karatI hai / jIvoM kA sthAna saMsArI aura siddha ke bheda aura prabheda kI carcA karane ke pazcAt una jIvoM ke nivAsa sthAna kA ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / isa ciMtana kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA ke parimANa ke sambandha meM bhAratIya darzana meM aneka mata milate haiM / vaidika darzananyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA, zAMkara vedAnta jahAM AtmA ko vyApaka yA vibhu mAnate haiM, vahAM jaina darzana AtmA ko sarvavyApaka yA vibhu na mAnakara zarIra parimANavAlA mAnatA hai / usameM saMkoca aura vistAra donoM guNa haiM / jaina darzana AtmA ko vaidikoM kI bhAMti kUTastha nitya na mAnakara pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai / isa virAT vizva meM vaha vividha paryAyoM ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karatA hai aura niyata sthAna para hI vaha AtmA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| kauna-sA jIva kisa sthAna meM hai ? isa prazna kA ciMtana prajJApanA dvitIya pada meM karatI hai| jaina dRSTi se jIva kI Ayu pUrNa hone para vaha naye sthAna kA grahaNa karatA hai / sthAna do prakAra ke haiM - eka sthAyI dUsarA prAsaMgika / eka jIva

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28 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 devAya pUrNakara mAnava banane vAlA hai; vaha jIva devasthAna se calakara mAnavaloka meM AtA hai| bIca kI jo usakI yAtrA hai, vaha yAtrA svasthAna nahIM hai / vaha to prAsaMgika yAtrA hai jise upapAta sthAna kahA gayA hai / dUsarA prAsaMgika sthAna samudghAta hai / vedanA, mRtyu, vikriyA prabhRta Adi viziSTa prasaMgoM para jo jIva kA vistAra hotA hai vaha samudghAta hai / prajJApanA tInoM sthAna kA vizleSaNa karatI hai| ekendriya jAti kI jIva samasta loka meM vyApta haiM / dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura sAmAnya paMcendriya jIva loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM haiN| nAraka aura tiryaMca paMcendriya, manuSya aura deva ke liye pRthak-pRthak sthAnoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai tathA siddhaloka ke agrabhAga meM avasthita hai / I prajJApanA meM ajIva ke sthAna ke sandarbha meM vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki jisa prakAra jIvoM ke prabhedoM meM amuka nizcita sthAna kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM, vaise pudgala ke sambandha meM nahIM / dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ye donoM samagra lokavyApI haiM isaliye unakI carcA yahA~ nahIM kI gayI / paryAya paryAya zabda kA yahAM artha 'vizeSa' hai| vizeSa zabda ke do artha haiM- prakAra aura paryAya / bhedoM kA nirUpaNa to prathama pada I 'thA parantu pratyeka bheda meM ananta paryAyeM haiM, yaha pAMcaveM pada meM batAyA gayA hai| isameM 24 daNDaka aura 25 veM siddha isa prakAra unakI saMkhyA aura paryAyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva dravya ke narakAdi bhedoM va paryAyoM kA vicAra aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai| isameM jaina sammata anekAntadRSTi kA prayoga huA hai / jIva ke narakAdi ke jina bhedoM kI paryAyoM kA nirUpaNa hai, usameM dravyArthatA, pradezArthatA, avagAhanArthatA, sthiti, kRSNAdi varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, jJAna aura darzana- ina dasa dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne apanI vRtti meM ina dasa dRSTiyoM ko dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| paramANuvAdI nyAya-vaizeSika paramANu ko nitya mAnate haiM aura usake pariNAma paryAya pariNAma nahIM mAnate / jaina paramANu ko bhI pariNAmI nitya mAnate haiM, paramANu svatantra hone para bhI usameM pariNAma hotA hai, yaha prastuta pada se spaSTa hotA hai / isa prakAra prajJApanA astikAya ke sambandha meM eka nayI avadhAraNA prastuta karatI hai| jIvoM ke zarIra prajJApanA bArahaveM pada meM jIvoM ke zarIra ke sambandha meM ciMtana karatI hai / upaniSadoM meM jisaprakAra AtmA ke annamaya, prANamaya Adi pAMca kozoM kA varNana hai,

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prajJApanA-sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 29 usI prakAra prajJApanA jIva ke audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa ye pAMca bheda karatI hai / prajJApanA kI isa avadhAraNA kI upaniSadoM ke paMcakozoM se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / upaniSadoM meM varNita paMcakozoM meM annamaya (sthUla zarIra, jo anna se banatA hai), prANamaya (zarIra ke antargata vAyutattva),manomaya (mana kI vikalpAtmaka kriyA), vijJAnamaya (buddhi kI vivecanAtmaka kriyA) tathA Anandamaya (Ananda kI sthiti) ye pAMcakoza batAye gaye haiM / jaina darzana meM audArika Adi zarIra sthUla haiM to kArmaNa zarIra sUkSma zarIra hai| kArmaNa zarIra ke kAraNa hI sthUla zarIra utpanna hotI hai| kArmaNa zarIra kI tulanA naiyAyikoM ke avyakta zarIra tathA sAMkhyoM ke avyakta sUkSma yA liMga zarIra se kI jA sakatI hai| ___ caubIsa daNDakoM meM kitane-kitane zarIra haiM,yaha ciMtana kara batAyA gayA hai ki audArika se vaikriya aura vaikriya se AhAraka Adi zarIroM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone para bhI ve adhikAdhika sUkSma haiN| audArika zarIra tiryaMcoM ko, vaikriya zarIra nairayika aura devoM ko hotA hai| vaikriya labdhi se sampanna manuSyoM aura tiryaMcoM tathA vAyukAya ko audArika zarIra hotA hai / AhAraka zarIra vaha hai jo AhAraka nAmaka labdhi vizeSa se niSpanna ho| usI prakAra taijas zarIra tejolabdhi se prApta evaM kArmaNa zarIra karma samUha se niSpanna hotA hai / taijasa aura kArmaNa sabhI sAMsArika jIvoM meM hotA hai| kaSAya kA svarUpa prajJApanA ke caudahaveM sUtra meM kaSAya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / karmabandhana kA kAraNa mukhya rUpa se kaSAya hI haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye cAro kaSAya cauvIsa daNDakoM meM batAye gaye haiM / kSetra, vastu, zarIra aura upAdhi ko lekara sampUrNa zArIrika jIvoM meM kaSAya utpanna hotA hai / prajJApanA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kitanI bAra jIva ko kaSAya kA nimitta milatA hai aura kitanI vAra binA nimitta ke kaSAya utpanna hotA hai| kaSAyoM ke taratamatA kI dRSTi se ananta stara hote hue bhI Atma vikAsa ke ghAta kI dRSTi se pratyeka ke- anantAnubandhI, apratkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyakhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana, ye cAra stara haiN| ye cAro prakAra ke kaSAya uttarottara maMda, mandatara hote haiN| sAtha hI abhoganivartita, upazAnta aura anupazAnta isa prakAra ke bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| lezyA siddhAnta jainadarzana meM lezyA ko eka prakAra kA paugalika paryAvaraNa mAnA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayana-bRhadvRtti meM lezyA kA artha ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA yA chAyA kiyA gayA hai / TIkAkAra ne lezyA kA artha kaSAya anuraMjita yoga-pravRtti kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM zivArya ne jIva ke pariNAma ko chAyA pudgaloM se prabhAvita karane

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30 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 vAlA batAyA hai / zarIra ke varNa aura ANavika AbhA dravya lezyA hai to vicAra bhAva lezyA hai / prajJApanA satrahaveM pada ke dvitIya uddezaka meM lezyA ke kRSNa, nIla, kapota Adi chaH bheda batAkara naraka Adi cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM meM kitanI-kitanI lezyAeM hotI haiM, inakA jitane vistAra se nirUpaNa karatI hai, utanA anyatra nahIM milatA / tRtIya uddezaka meM janma aura mRtyu kAla kI lezyA, caturtha uddezaka eka lezyA kA dUsarI lezyA meM pariNamana tathA pAMcaveM meM deva-nAraka kI apekSA se pariNamana, batAyA gayA hai| jo prajJApanA kI vizeSatA hai / jJAna aura darzana jJAna aura darzana kI mAnyatA jaina darzana meM ati prAcIna hai| jJAna ko AvRta karane vAle karma ko jJAnAvaraNa tathA darzana ko AcchAdita karane vAle karma ko darzanAvaraNa kahate haiM / ina karmoM ke kSaya aura upazama se jJAna aura darzana guNa prakaTa hote haiM / kevalI ke donoM upayoga eka sAtha ho sakate haiM yA nahIM yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna rahA hai / Avazyaka niyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi meM kahA gayA hai ki kevalI ke do upayoga nahIM ho sakate / zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama isa sambandha meM ekamata haiM ve kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana eka sAtha nahIM mAnate / digambara paramparA mAnatI hai ki kevala darzana aura kevala jJAna yugapat hote haiM / siddhasena divAkara tIsarI paramparA ke vAhaka haiM aura unakA mAnanA hai ki manaHparyAya taka to jJAna aura darzana kA bheda siddha kara sakate haiM, kintu kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana meM bheda karanA sambhava nahIM hai| darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya yugapat hotA hai| usa kSaya se hone vAle upayoga meM, 'yaha prathama hotA hai, 'yaha bAda meM hotA hai', isa prakAra kA bheda kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH tarkasaMgata samAdhAna yaha hai ki kevalI avasthA meM darzana aura jJAna meM bheda nahIM hotA / ataH jahAM digambara paramparA meM kevala yugapat pakSa mAnya rahA hai, zvetAmbara paramparA meM krama, yugapat aura abheda tInoM pakSa mAnya haiM / prajJApanA meM upayoga aura pazyattA ke sambandha meM anya carcA nahIM hai / usake avadhi pada meM avadhi jJAna ke sambandha meM bhI viSaya, saMsthAna, Abhyantara aura vAhya avadhi, dezAvadhi, avadhi kI kSaya dRSTi tathA pratipAtI apratipAtI ina sAta viSayoM kI carcA hai / avadhijJAna kisameM kitanA hotA hai isakI vistRta carcA prajJApanA meM hai / ata: prajJApanA ko isa carcA kA dvAra kahA jA sakatA hai 1 1 ataH hama dekhate haiM ki prajJApanA meM sAhitya, dharma, darzana, itihAsa aura bhUgola ke aneka viSayoM ke atirikta jaina darzana ke do atyanta mahattvapUrNa viSayoM jIva- ajIva se sambandhita sabhI bhedo-prabhedoM kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| yadyapi jIva- ajIva se

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prajJApanA- sUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 31 sambandhita aneka avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa bAda ke granthoM meM huA kintu una viSayoM ke maulika rUpa kA digdarzana to prajJApanA hI karAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aMga aura upAMga bhI vibhinna viSayoM kI vizad carcA hetu prajJApanA ke adhyayana kA nirdeza karate haiM / dArzanika jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA prayoga bhI vizeSa rUpa se isa graMtha meM huA hai / Aja AvazyakatA hai isake dArzanika pradeyoM ko rekhAMkita kara unheM na kevala bhAratIya anya pramukha bhASAoM balki videzI bhASAoM meM anUdita kiyA jAe tAki isa upAMga ke viSaya meM adhika se adhika loga jAna sakeM aura Aja ke vikasita samAja aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM isakI mahattA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sake / sandarbha : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ajjhayaNamiNaM cittaM, prajJApanAsUtra, sampA0 AcArya madhukara muni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983, gAthA - 3 vahI, gA02-3 bhagavatI, za0 16 u06, sU0580 Avazyaka malayagirivRtti pR0270 AvazyakacUrNi pR0 275 mahAvIracariyaM 5 / 155 trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 10 / 2 / 146 bhagavatI, za0 16 u06, abhayadevavRtti sahita, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1918 - 1921, prajJApanAsUtra, sampA0 AcArya madhukara muni, pada - 22 sUtra 1567. paNNavaNA, mUlapATha pR. 1 iyaM ca samavAyAkhyasya caturthAMgasyopAMgam, taduktArthapratipAdanAt -- prajJApanA malaya giri vRtti patra . 1 prajJApanAsUtra - 3 SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka - 1. prastAvanA pR-72 9. 10. prajJApanA malayavRtti patrAMka- 6 a 11. vahI, patrAMka- 5 a 12. prajJApanA - malayagiri vRtti patrAMka 7 ba 13. bhagavatIsAra- pR. 291, 392, 361-62, 396-97, 404, 457, 627, 680 14. zikSAsamuccaya, pR.104, 112, 200

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32 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 15. aupapAtika sUtra, sampA0 AcArya madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti vyAvara 16. SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka-6 meM kula nau cUlikAeM haiM, pustaka 10 meM eka, 11 meM 2, 12 meM 3, 14 meM sUtra 581 meM batAyA gayA hai, 'etto uvarimagaMtho cUliyA NAma / 17. vahI, pustaka-9, sUtra-45, pustaka-14 taka 18. vahI, pustaka 1, sUtra 7; pustaka-3 sUtra-1 vahI, pustaka 1, sUtra7; pustaka-9 sUtra-71 20. vahI, pustaka 1, sUtra8; pustaka-3 sUtra-1 21. vahI, pustaka 6, sUtrara; pustaka-6 sUtra-1, pustaka 14 sUtra-1 22. vahI- pustaka 7 pR-575 23. prajJApanAsUtra 144-1465 evaM SaTakhaNDAgama pustaka 6 sUtra 216, 220 aadi|

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mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva DaoN0 sudhA jaina* zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 sAdhanA ke aneka prakAra haiM, jaise- japa, tapa, taMtra, maMtra aadi| sabase bar3I sAdhanA hai adhyAtma kI, bhItara praveza karane kI arthAt jo sAdhanA vyakti ko bAharI yAtrA se haTAkara bhItara kI yAtrA karA sake, vaha sAdhanA sabase bar3I sAdhanA hai | cetanA kA samparka jitanA isake mAdhyama se hotA hai utanA kisI ke mAdhyama se nahIM hotA / hama jisa satya ko isa mAdhyama se jAna sakate haiM anya kisI mAdhyama se nahIM jAna skte| yadi hama bhItara kI yAtrA nahIM karate haiM to adhyAtma ke sthAna para karmakANDa vikasita hotA hai arthAt adhyAtma kI jyoti karmakANDa kI rAkha se Dhaka jAtI hai, prakAza nIce daba jAtA hai aura kAlimA Upara A jAtI hai| bhItara kI yAtrA karane kA artha hai- prANa ko bhItara le jAnA arthAt jo UrjA bAhara kI tarapha pravAhita ho rahI hotI hai use dizA parivartita kara bhItara le jAnA arthAt vidyutIya UrjA ko pUre zarIra meM le jaanaa| mana ke sAtha hI prANa calatA hai aura prANa jahA~jahA~ jAtA hai vahIM UrjA jAtI hai| jahA~ UrjA kA pravAha hotA hai vahA~ kisI prakAra kA doSa Thahara nahIM pAtA hai, roga raha nahIM pAtA / prANa yA UrjA kI kamI hone yA asaMtulana ke kAraNa hI roga hote haiN| jaba saMtulana ho jAtA hai to sAre doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| bhItara jAne kA artha hI hai- UrjA kA vikAsa, UrjA kA pUre zarIra meM avagAhita honA / navakAra kI sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva Avazyaka hai ki vyakti kA AhAra zuddha ho, mana aura vANI zuddha ho / mana aura vANI bhI AhAra para hI AdhArita hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- 'jaisA khAve anna, vaisA hove mn'| AhAra kI adhika mAtrA evaM apathya AhAra se zarIra meM mala saMcita hote haiM, jisase nAr3I saMsthAna zuddha nahIM raha pAtA hai aura mana kA nirmala rahanA bhI asaMbhava ho jAtA hai, ataH samyak evaM saMtulita AhAra kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai| manuSya kA sabase bar3A bala Atmabala hai| dhyAna, smaraNa, japa, stuti, bhakti, upAsanA Adi sabhI ananta Atmabala ko jagAne ke sAdhana haiM / bhagavAna, guru evaM maMtra Adi ke sahAre hama apanI Atma-zaktiyoM ko aura adhika vikasita evaM prakhara banA sakate haiN| vikasita aura prakhara Atmazakti hI saba camatkAroM kI jananI hai| * variSTha prAdhyApaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI. TI. AI. mArga, vArANasI - 221005

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34 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 vaidika dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM jo khyAti aura mahattva gAyatrI maMtra kA hai, bauddhoM meM trisaraNa / trizaraNa maMtra kA hai, jainoM meM vahI khyAti aura mahattva navakAramaMtra kA hai| samasta dhArmika aura sAmAjika kRtyoM ke Arambha meM isa maMtra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina samAja kI sabhI zAkhAoM meM yaha samAna rUpa se pracalita hai| navakAra maMtra eka lokottara maMtra hai| isameM kisI vyakti kA nahIM, balki sampUrNa rUpa meM vikasita aura vikAsamAna vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kA hI darzana, smaraNa, cintana, dhyAna evaM anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| isalie yaha anAdi aura akSayAtmaka maMtra hai| laukika maMtra Adi sirpha laukika lAbha pahu~cAte haiM, kintu lokottara maMtra laukika aura lokottara donoM kArya siddha karate haiN| isalie navakAramaMtra sarvakArya siddhikAraka maMtra mAnA jAtA hai| sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ne apane-apane dharma meM eka mUlamaMtra ko sthAna diyA hai, parantu ve navakAra mahAmaMtra se bhinnatA rakhate haiM, kyoMki una maMtroM meM pratIka rUpa meM vyakti5- pUjA ko prathama sthAna diyAgayA hai, jabaki navakAramaMtra meM vyakti-pUjA ke sthAna para guNapUjA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| vyakti-pUjA meM zakti sImita hotI hai, jabaki guNapUjA kI zakti asIma, anaMta hotI hai| navakAramaMtra meM guNapUjA kI pradhAnatA hai, vyakti-pUjA kI nahIM / 'abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa' meM 'Namo' zabda ke tIna prakAra darzAye gaye haiM- 1. samutthAnapUrvaka (kAya se) 2. vacanapUrvaka (vacana se) 3. labdhipUrvaka (bhAva se)| vahI namaskAra karmakSaya kA hetubhUta banatA hai jo mana-vacana-kAya se kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ namaskAra karane kA pariNAma hI nahIM hai vahA~ namaskAra dravya-namaskAra kI zreNI meM AtA hai / phalata: vaha karmakSaya kA nimitta nahIM bana sktaa| kisI bhI yA kaisI bhI AtmA ko namaskAra karane se karmakSaya nahIM hotA hai| usake lie yogya uttama AtmA jo zreSTha sthAna para rahatA hai jo parameSThI kahalAtA hai, use namaskAra karane se karmakSaya hotA hai| " jagat ke sarvottama zreSTha sthAna para sthita AtmAe~ pA~ca haiM- arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / inako paMca-parameSThI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki arihanta kA mArgopadezitapanA, siddha kA zAzvatapanA, AcArya kI AcAra pAlanatA, upAdhyAya kA vinaya guNa evaM sAdhu kA sahAyakatva guNa atyanta utkRSTa hone se ye pA~co pUjya haiM, zreSTha haiM, namaskaraNIya va paramazreSTha puruSa haiN|' jagat meM ina pA~coM ke alAvA koI paramazreSTha puruSa nahIM hai, ata: ina pA~coM meM samAviSTa AtmAoM ko kiyA gayA namaskAra hI karmakSaya meM nimitta banatA hai| navakAra mahAmaMtra caudaha pUrvoM kA sAra hai| vizva kI samasta zAbdika viziSTatA, jJAnarAzi caudaha pUrvoM meM samA jAtI haiN| isalie isa mahAmaMtra ko mahAsAgara kI upamA dI gaI hai| yaha kevala maMtra hI nahIM, apitu mahAmaMtra hai| yaha mahAmaMtra kyoM hai isake samAdhAna meM kucha tathya nimna hai -

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mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva : 35 1. navakAramaMtra mahAmaMtra isalie hai ki yaha suptAtmA ko jAgRta kara adhyAtma yAtrA ko sampanna karatI hai| navakAra mahAmaMtra kAmanApUrti yA icchApUrti kA maMtra nahIM hai, apitu yaha vaha maMtra hai jo kAmanA ko samApta kara detA hai| kAmanApUrti ke aneka maMtra haiM, jaise- sarasvatI maMtra, lakSmI maMtra, roga nivAraNa maMtra, sarpadaMza mukti maMtra aadi| 2. isa maMtra ke mahAmaMtra hone meM dUsarA hetu yaha hai ki yaha eka mArga hai| mokSa mArga ke cAra caraNa haiM- samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna, samyak-cAritra aura smyk-tp| arhat ananta jJAna-darzana-cAritra aura zakti rUpI catuSTayI kA samanvita rUpa hotA hai aura vahI mokSa kA mArga hai| ata: yaha maMtra mArgadAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ise mahAmaMtra kahA jAtA hai| 3. isakA tIsarA hetu hai- duHkha mukti ke sAmarthya kA honaa| 4. cauthA hetu hai- isase vRttiyoM kA UrvIkaraNa, buddhi kA UrdhvArohaNa Adi hotA hai| pUjana kA Arambha navakAra mahAmaMtra se hotA hai| pA~coM parameSThiyoM ko eka sAtha namaskAra hone se yaha maMtra paMca-parameSThI kahalAtA hai| paMca-parameSThI ke anAdi hone ke kAraNa isa maMtra ko anAdi mAnA jAtA hai| yaha mahAmaMtra saMsAra kA sAra hai- janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra se chUTane kA sukara avalambana aura sAratattva hai, tInoM lokoM meM anupama hai| isa maMtra kA jApa karane se kisI prakAra kA pApa naSTa hue binA nahIM rahatA hai| jisa prakAra agni kA eka kaNa ghAsa-phUsa ke bar3e-bar3e DheroM ko naSTa kara detA hai usI prakAra yaha maMtra bhI sabhI pApoM ko naSTa karane vAlA hone ke kAraNa pApAri kahalAtA hai, arthAt yaha maMtra karmoM kA nirmUla vinAza karane vAlA hai| navakAramaMtra ke eka akSara kA bhI bhAva sahita smaraNa karane se sAta sAgara taka bhoge jAne vAlA pApa naSTa ho jAtA hai| eka pada kA bhAvasahita smaraNa karane se pacAsa sAgara taka bhoge jAne vAle pApa kA nAza hotA hai aura samagra maMtra kA bhakti bhAva sahita vidhipUrvaka smaraNa karane se pA~ca sau sAgara taka bhoge jAne vAle pApa kA nAza ho jAtA hai| abhakta prANI bhI isa maMtra ke smaraNa se svargAdi ke sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai| navakAra mahAmaMtra kI ArAdhanA aneka rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai| isameM kisI vyakti kA nahIM, apitu zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM pA~ca pada aura paiMtIsa akSara haiN| isakA saMkSipta rUpa OM hai jisame pA~coM pada samAhita haiM 'a+ A = A + u = o + ma = AUM| OM pUrNa parameSThI kA vAcaka hai| maMtra ke tIna tattva haiM- zabda, saMkalpa aura saadhnaa| ina tInoM ke hone para hI maMtra siddhi ho pAtI hai| maMtra ArAdhanA

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36 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 SHR HAMITRA kI aneka niSpattiyAM haiM jo Antarika va bAhya yA mAnasika va zArIrika haiM, jaise- mana kI prasannatA, citta kI saMtuSTi, smRti zakti kA vikAsa, bauddhika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa, saMkalpa zakti kA vikAsa aadi| navakAra mahAmaMtra kA jApa karane ke lie sarvaprathama ATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA honA Avazyaka hai- dravyazuddhi,kSetrazuddhi, samayazuddhi, Asanazuddhi, vinayazuddhi, manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi va kaayshuddhi| isa mahAmaMtra kA jApa yadi khar3e hokara karanA ho to tIna-tIna zvAsocchvAsa meM eka bAra par3hanA caahie| eka sau ATha bAra ke jApa meM kula tIna sau caubIsa zvAsocchvAsa lenA caahie| isake atirikta isa mahAmaMtra ke jApa karane kI anya vidhiyAM haiM- kamala japa, hastAMgulI japa aura mAlA jp| kamala japa- sarvaprathama aDharadala kamala para pUrva dizA kI paMkhur3I ke prathama bindu para dhyAna kendrita karate hue kramazaH 12 binduoM para navakAra maMtra japanA caahie| eka pakhur3I meM 12 bindu arthAt pakhur3iyoM para jApa karane ke bAda madhya meM bhI 12 binduoM para kramazaH NamokAra maMtra kA jApa karane se eka bhAga pUrA ho jAtA hai, arthAt 9 x 12 = 108 abhyAsa ke bAda isI kamala dala ko hRdaya meM sAkSAt dekhanA cAhie aura eka-eka bindu para japa karate hue eka mAlA pUrNa karanI caahie| __ aMguli japa- isa vidhi meM Avarta aura zaMkhAvartavidhi adhika prayoga meM lAI jAtI hai| ina donoM hI vidhiyoM meM diye gaye aMkoM ke AdhAra para eka se bAraha taka kramazaH navakAramaMtra kA jApa kiyA jAtA hai| nau bAra yaha kriyA karane rAvata se 12 x 9 = 108 bAra maMtra japa kI eka mAlA pUrI ho jAtI hai| mAlA japa - isa vidhi meM padmAsana yA sukhAsana Adi mudrA meM baiThakara hRdaya ke pAsa arthAt Ananda kendra para dAhine hAtha ke aMgUThe va madhyama aMgulI se mAlA pheranI chie| antima mana kA pUrNa hone para vApasa ghumAkara mAlA prAraMbha karanI cAhie, bIca ke sumeru ko lA~ghanA nahIM caahie| isa prakAra kisI bhI vidhi se jo upayukta lage usase navakAra maMtra kA jApa kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva : 37 pA~coM maMtra padoM ke paiMtIsa akSara tathA 'eso paMca namokkArI' cUlikA pada ke taiMtIsa akSara arthAt kula ar3asaTha akSaroM kA yaha mahAmaMtra samasta kAryoM ko siddha karane vAlA kalyANakArI anAdi siddha maMtra hai| navakAramaMtra kI dhvaniyoM meM acintya zakti hai| isakA pratyeka akSara maMtra hai| zuddha aura sthira citta se isakA dhyAna karane para vipatti, bhaya aura upasarga se rakSA hotI hai / yaha kavaca kI bhA~ti rakSA karatA hai / azubha grahoM kI pIr3A, bhUta-preta, hiMsA va jIvoM kA upadrava dUra karatA hai| Arogya, sukha evaM samRddhi kI vRddhi karatA hai| navakAra mahAmaMtra ke pA~coM padoM kA hamAre zarIra ke sthAna, cakra, raMga, granthi se sambandha ko nimna tAlikA dvArA spaSTa rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai - pada sthAna raMga cakra graha granthi arihaMta mastiSka sapheda sahastrAra candra-zukra siddha mukha AcArya | kaNTha upAdhyAya hRdaya sAdhu nAbhi 6 lAla AjJA sUrya-maMgala pIlA vizuddhi guru kendra hAipothelemasa jJAnakendra picyUTarI pIniyala darzanakendra thAyarAiDa vizuddhikendra pairAthAyarAiDa nIlA | anAha budha thAyamasa kAlA maNipura | zani-rAhu-ketu eDrInala penkriyAja navakAra mahAmaMtra ke jApa kA prabhAva arihaMtANa arihaMta (ari + haMta) zabda kA artha hai- ari yAnI zatru kA hanana karane vaalaa| ATha prakAra ke karma jIvAtmA ke zatru haiN| una karma rUpI zatruoM kA nAza karane vAlA arihaMta kahalAtA hai| sabase baliSTha (ghAtI karma) cAra karma - mohanIya, antarAya, jJAnAvaraNa tathA darzanAvaraNa kA nAza karane ke lie sAdhaka zuddha cAritra, zukladhyAna tathA vItarAga bhAva kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hakara apane nirmala tapa evaM dhyAna kI pracaNDa ujjvala kiraNoM se inheM parAsta kara arihaMta pada ko prApta karatA hai| taba kSAyika cAritra, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana rUpa divya prakAza AtmA meM prakaTa hotA hai| Anandakendra tejasa kendra

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38 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 isa padya kA japa karane se Rddhi-siddhi, smaraNa zakti, bhAvAtmaka zuddhi, mAnasika zAnti, dUrastha vastu kA pratyakSIkaraNa, indriya vikAsa, zukra-candra graha janita samasyA kA samAdhAna, Aveza niyaMtraNa, ekAgratA, pavitra vAtAvaraNa, maMtra varNa kA sAkSAtkAra, maMtra-siddhi kA anubhava tathA savartomukhI vikAsa Adi kI prApti hotI hai| Namo siddhANaM jisa AtmA ke sabhI icchita kArya pUrNa ho gaye hoM tathA jisake dhyAna cintaNa-smaraNa se saba kArya siddha hote hoM, vaha parama AtmA siddha kahalAtI hai| arihaMta paramAtmA cAra ghAtI karma kA nAza karane ke pazcAt zeSa cAra aghAtIya karmoM, vedanIya, nAma, gotra AyuSya kA nAza hone para siddha bhagavAna banate haiN| arihaMta aura siddha ye do devAdhideva haiN| isa padya kA maMtra jApa karane se saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA kA vikAsa, antardRSTi kA vikAsa, darzana zakti kA vikAsa, ekAgratA, maMtra varNa kA sAkSAtkAra, pavitra vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa, sUrya-maMgala graha kI samasyA kA samAdhAna, kuNThA-nirAzA Adi dUra hotA hai| Namo AyariyANaM ___AcArya dharmadeva hote haiN| caturvidha saMgha ko samyak-darzana-jJAna-cAritra dharma kA upadeza karanA, sadAcAra, saMyama, niyama, anuzAsana kA pAlana karanA evaM karavAnA AcArya kA kArya hai| AcArya dharmasaMgha rUpI naukA ke nAyaka tathA nAvika hote haiN| isa padya kA maMtra jApa karane se smRti kA vikAsa, cayApacaya kA saMtulana, vidhAyaka vicAra, zakya icchA kI pUrti, guru graha janita samasyA kA samAdhAna, divya surabhi kA anubhava, ekAgra maMtra varNa kA sAkSAtkAra, pavitra vAtAvaraNa kI prApti Adi prApta hote haiN| Namo uvajjhAyANaM prAkRta ke uvajjhAya zabda kA saMskRta rUpa upAdhyAya hai| upa arthAt samIpa + adhyAya arthAt adhyayana krnaa| jinake pAsa zAstra kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAe ve upAdhyAya eka prakAra kI jJAna jyoti haiN| upAdhyAya prajvalita dIpaka ke samAna haiM, jo dUsare aprakAzita dIpakoM ko apanI jJAna jyoti ke sparza se prakAzamAna banAte haiN| jJAna dAna kA puNya kArya upAdhyAya karate haiN| isa pada kA jApa karane se, jJAna kA vikAsa, bauddhika aura Antarika jJAna kI prApti, Ananda kI anubhUti, zubha cintana, mAnasika AhlAda, prasannatA, budha graha kI

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mahAmaMtra navakAra kI sAdhanA aura usakA prabhAva : 39 samasyA kA samAdhAna, ekAgratA, maMtra varNa kA sAkSAtkAra, pavitra vAtAvaraNa Adi kI prApti hotI hai| Namo loe savva sAhUNaM sAdhu arthAt nirvANa mArga kI sAdhanA karane vAle athavA svahita yA parahita ko sAdhane vAle hote haiN| isa padya kA maMtra jApa karane se gRha kalaha kA nivAraNa, pArivArika zAnti, roga pratirodhaka zakti kA vikAsa tathA saMkaTa dUra hotA hai| isase purAnA jvara samApta ho jAtA hai| bhAva sparza kA anubhava karane se dravya sparza kI lAlasA samApta hotI hai| rAhu, ketu aura zani grahajanita samasyA kA nivAraNa, ekAgratA, maMtra varNa kA sAkSAtkAra, pavitra vAtAvaraNa Adi kI prApti hotI hai| isake atirikta isa sampUrNa mahAmaMtra kA eka sAtha jApa karane se yaza kI prApti, Arogya, saubhAgya-vRddhi, sukha-samRddhi kI prApti, sampadA kI prApti, icchA kI prApti, sampUrNa zarIra kI rakSA, sarva upadrava kA vilaya, kleza kA nAza, vyAgra bhaya nivAraNa, cora aura bairI dvArA kula samasyA se mukti, agni kA stambhana, svayaM meM AkarSaNa paidA karanA, jvara nAza, viSa nAzaka maMtra siddhi kA anubhava Adi aneka lAbha prApta hote haiN| yadyapi isa maMtra kA yathArtha lakSya nirvANa prApti hai to bhI laukika dRSTi se ye samasta kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karatA hai, ataH pratyeka vyakti ko pratidina navakAra maMtra kA jApa karanA caahie| kahA bhI gayA hai - nanu uvasagge pIr3A kUraggaha - daMsaNaM bhavo sNkaa| jai vi na havaMti ee, taha vi sagujhaM bhnnijjaasu|| arthAt upasarga, pIr3A, krUra, graha-darzana, bhaya, zaMkA Adi yadi na bhI ho to bhI zubha dhyAnapUrvaka navakAra maMtra kA jApa yA pATha karane se paramazAnti prApta hotI hai| sabhI prakAra ke sukhoM ko dene vAlA hai yaha maMtra AtmakalyANa ke sAtha sabhI prakAra ke ariSToM ko dUra rakhatA hai aura sabhI siddhiyoM ko pradAna karatA hai| yaha kalpavRkSa hai| jo jisa prakAra kI bhAvanA rakhakara sAdhanA karatA hai use usI prakAra kA phala prApta hotA hai| jIvana kI Arthika, pArivArika, sAmAjika aura manovaijJAnika samasyAeM jo adhikatara mAnasika durbalatAoM se utpanna hotI haiM unako sulajhAne meM navakAra mahAmaMtra kA camatkArika prabhAva pratyakSa dekhA jA sakatA hai| navakAra smaraNa se amuka logoM ke roga, daridratA, bhaya, vipattiyAM dUra hone kI anubhava-siddha ghaTanAeM, mana cAhe kAma AsAnI se bana jAne ke anubhava sune jAte haiN| ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se mAnA jA

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40 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 sakatA hai ki navakAra mahAmaMtra hamAre jIvana kI samasyAoM, kaThinAiyoM, cintAoM, bAdhAoM se pAra pahuMcAne meM sabase bar3A Atma-sahAyaka hai| AvazyakatA hai to zraddhA aura vizvAsa kii| sandarbha : 1. te arihaMtA siddhA-''yariovajjhAyasAhavo nethaa| je guNa mayabhAvAo, guNA va pujjA gunntthiinnN|| 2942 / / abhidhAnarAjendra koza, bhAga-4, pR0 1837. 2. vahI, pR0 1819 3. parame pade tiSThanti iti prmesstthinH| 4. zakti kI sAdhanA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, 1984 5. NamokAraH eka anucintana, DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1989, pR0- 38 6. iMdiyavisayakasAe, parisahaveyaNAe uvsgge| e e ariNo haMtA, arihaMtA teNa vuccNti|| abhidhAnarAjendra koza, bhAga 1, pR0-767 7. maryAdayA caranti, iti aacaaryaaH| 8. navakAra sAra thavaNaM, 32 /

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata DaoN0 sohanarAja tAter3a* parISahajaya evaM upasargajaya jaina darzana ke kendra meM AtmA hai| AtmA se karmoM ko alaga kara vItarAgatA kI sthiti prApta karanA sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya hai| AcArya tulasI ne manonuzAsana meM batalAyA-Atmazuddhi sAdhanam dhrmH| Atmazuddhi kA sAdhana dharma hai| Atmazuddhi kI prathama maMjila samyak-darzana hai| samyak-darzana ke bAda samyak-jJAna tathA samyakjJAna ke bAda samyak-cAritra kA sthAna hai| tInoM ke samanvaya kI utkRSTa avasthA vItarAgatA kI prApti hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA- samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|' samyak-darzana, jJAna aura cAritra mokSa kA mArga hai| AgamavANI meM kahA gayA - cAritaM khalu dhammo - cAritra hI dharma hai| cAritra ke dvArA hI Atmazuddhi saMbhava hai| cAritra ko puSTa karane meM parISahajaya evaM upasargajaya sahayogI banate haiN| parISahajaya kA artha hai -kaSToM ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| 'pariSahRta iti parISaha jo sahA jAya vaha parISaha hai| parISaha ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya umAsvAti ne likhA hai - 'mArgAcyavananirjarArthaM parisoDhavyAH priisshaaH||' arthAt svIkRta mArga se cyuta hone tathA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie bhUkha, pyAsa Adi jo duHkha, kaSTa yA vighna sahana kie jAyeM unheM parISaha kahate haiM, aura parISahoM ko jItanA parISahajaya kahalAtA hai| parISaha ke artha meM hI kahIM kahIM para 'upasarga' zabda bhI vyakta huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharma-prarUpaNA ke do mukhya aMga haiM- ahiMsA aura ksstt-shissnnutaa| kaSTa sahane kA artha zarIra, indriya aura mana ko pIr3ita karanA nahIM, kintu ahiMsA Adi dharmoM kI ArAdhanA ko susthira banAe rakhanA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kahA hai: suheNa bhAvidaM NANaM, duhe jAde nninnssdi| tamhA jahAbalaM joI, appA dukkhehi bhve|| arthAt sukha se bhAvita jJAna duHkha utpanna hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie yogI ko yathAzakti apane Apako duHkha se bhAvita karanA caahie| sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie anukulatA kI zItalatA ke sAtha parISaha kI pratikUlatA rUpI garmI * parAmarzaka, jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM-341306 (rAjasthAna)

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42 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 m * * kI bhI AvazyakatA hai, parISaha sAdhaka ke lie bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka hai| ataH parISahoM ke utpanna hone para use samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA caahie| upasargajaya - nArakI, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva gati ke jIvoM dvArA die jAne vAle kaSToM ko upasarga kahate hai| inako samabhAva se sahana kara lenA upasargajaya kahalAtA hai| upasarga aneka prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| sAdhu ke 22 parISaha batAai gaye haiM jina para vaha vijaya pAtA hai| uyarAdhyayana', samavAyAMga aura tattvArthasUtra' meM 22 parISahajaya kA varNana isa prakAra hai : kSudhA - bhojana sambandhI kaSTa ko zAMti se sahana krnaa| 2. pipAsA - pAnI sambandhI kaSTa ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| zIta - ThaMDI havA va hima ko zAMti se sahana krnaa| 4. uSNa - garmI ke kaSTa ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| daMza-mazaka - macchara, kIr3e, makor3e Adi ke kATane se utpanna kaSTa ko shnaa| acela - vastra rahita yA alpa vastra sahita ho jAne para kisI prakAra kI ciMtA nahIM krnaa| arati - saMyama ke prati adhairya ko sahana krnaa| strI - strI ko nihAra kara kAma-kila na honA strI-parISahajaya hai| caryA - kisI gRhastha yA ghara Adi me Asakti na rakhakara grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa krnaa| niSadyA - jaMgalI jAnavaroM kI AvAja sunakara bhayabhIta na honaa| 11. zayyA - sote samaya uMcI-nIcI, ubar3a-khAbar3a zayyA ko sahana krnaa| 12. Akroza - pratikUla vacana va vyavahAra para Akroza na aanaa| vadha - tIkSNa zastroM se vadha hone para vadha karane vAle ke prati rAga-dveSa na krnaa| 14. yAcanA -- bhikSA ke samaya dInatA na laanaa| alAbha - abhilakSita vastu na milane para sama rhnaa| 16. roga- zarIra meM roga utpanna hone para samabhAva rkhnaa| 17. tRNa sparza - tRNoM para zayana karane para hone vAle kaSTa ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| 18. jalla - pasInA, kIcar3a, dhUli Adi ke zarIra para ikkaThA ho jAne para use dUra karane kA prayAsa na krnaa| 16. satkAra-puraskAra - prazaMsA-niMdA kI sthiti meM sama rhnaa|

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parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata : 43 20. jJAna - ajJAna se utpanna kaSTa ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| 21. darzana - jisakI zradvA pUrNa rUpa se sthira rahatI hai vaha darzana-parISaha para vijaya pAtA hai|| 22. prajJA - buddhi hone para usakA mada na karanA prajJA-parISahajaya hai| inameM apane Apako sama rakhanA parISahajaya kahalAtA hai| kaSToM ko samabhAva se sahana karane se hamArI pratirodhAtmaka zakti bar3hatI hai| pratirodhatmaka zakti karma zarIra ko zanaiH zanaiH kSINa karatI hai| parISahajaya meM mana-vacana-kAyA yoga sthira hote haiN| yogoM kI sthiratA AtmA se karmadala ko alaga hone ke lie majabUra karatI hai| jaise jaise samatA AtI hai karmazarIra kA poSaNa baMda hotA hai tathA karma-pudgala AtmA se vilaga hote haiN| ise nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| upasargajaya se saMyama sadhatA hai| upasargajaya saMyama kI sAdhanA hai| saMyama sAdhanA hai saMvara usakI niSpati hai| parISahajaya tapa kA eka rUpa hai| tapa sAdhanA hai, nirjarA usakI niSpati hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMvara, nirjarA ko dharma batAyA hai| saMvara nirjarA Atmazuddhi meM sahAyaka haiN| AcArAMganiyukti ke anusAra strI parISaha aura satkAra parISaha ye zIta parISaha ke aMtargata Ate haiM aura zeSa bIsa uSNa parISaha meN| parISahajaya, upasargajaya ko sAdhaka apane jIvana kA lakSya banA letA hai to vaha niraMtara sAdhanA se vItarAgatA taka ko prApta kara sakatA hai| Atmazuddhi, bhAvazuddhi para nirbhara karatI hai| bhAvazuddhi samabhAva meM rahane se hotI hai| parISaha evaM upasargajaya vyakti ko samabhAva meM le jAte haiN| rAga-dveSa kA na honA samabhAva hai| moha se rAga-dveSa, rAga-dveSa se karma, karma se janma-maraNa, janmamaraNa se duHkha tathA duHkha se rAga-dveSa yaha vartula hai jo hara saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha calatA rahatA hai| parISahajaya rAga-dveSa ko kSINa karate haiN| upasargajaya karmoM ko kSINa karate haiN| parISahajaya samabhAva prApta karane kA sarvottama mAdhyama hai| samabhAva Atmavijaya kA sarvotama mAdhyama hai| sallekhanA vrata sallekhanA meM do zabdoM kA yoga hai- sat + lekhnaa| sat kA artha samyak tathA lekhanA kA artha - sAra-saMbhAla karanA hai| isa saMdarbha meM lekhanA kA artha vyakti ke dvArA apane jIvana meM kriyA kalApoM ko tyAgate hue zarIra ko kramazaH kRza karanA hai| arthAt sAdhu athavA zrAvaka AhAra kA kramazaH tyAga karate hue maraNa ko prApta karatA hai, use sallekhanA kahate haiN| jaina dharma evaM darzana apane vaiziSTya ko lie hue anAdikAla se niraMtara gatizIla hai| vibhinna mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAntoM ko lie hue yaha darzana janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta sAdhanA ke aneka pRSThoM ko udghATita karatA hai|

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44 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 jisake mUla meM samatA, abhaya, nirmamatva, amUrchA, aparigraha Adi bhAvanAeM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| bAhya jagat se nispRhI hone ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM ke zarIra se bhI jaba moha samApta ho jAtA hai, taba AhAra Adi kA tyAga kara apane Apako kRza karate hue samApta kie jAne kI kalA jaina paramparA meM mAnya hai, jise sallekhanA (santhArA) kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM ise samAdhi zabda se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA me jahAM jIne kI kalA sikhAI jAtI hai vahAM marane kI kalA bhI sikhAI jAtI hai| marane kI kalA sallekhanA hai| sallekhanA eka vidhipUrvaka zarIra ko bAhya evaM anta:rUpa meM kRza karane kI paddhati vizeSa hai| ise AtmahatyA kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sktii| kaSToM se ghabarAkara Avezavaza apane zarIra ko samApta karanA AtmahatyA hai| sallekhanA meM Atmazuddhi kA lakSya hai tathA usameM AtmA hI sAkSI hai| sallekhanA eka vizuddha sAdhya ke prati apane Apako samarpita karane ke bhAvo se ota-prota hotI hai| sallekhanA meM audArika zarIra ke sAtha-sAtha kaSAyoM ko (karma zarIra ko) kRza kiyA jAtA hai| sallekhanA meM kaSAyoM ko kSINa kara samabhAva kI sthiti prApta karane kA lakSya hotA hai| yaha mRtyu se pUrva kI taiyArI hai| ise icchAmRtyuvaraNa kI vaijJAnika paddhati kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM kisI prakAra kA dabAva va paravazatA nahIM haiN| AtmahatyA meM kaSTa va Aveza kA dabAva hotA hai| AtmahatyA jIvana se Ubakara avivekapUrNa liyA gayA nirNaya hai| sallekhanA atyanta soca samajhakara prasannatA se liyA gayA nirNaya hai| jaba sAdhu yA zrAvaka apane audArika zarIra kI sthiti ko tola letA hai ki, aba zarIra kAraNa vizeSa se itanA kRza ho gayA hai ki isakA jiMdA rahanA muzkila hai| taba sAdhaka apane manobala se dhIre-dhIre anazana ke mAdhyama se isako poSaNa denA bilkula baMda kara detA hai| yahI se sallekhanA prAraMbha hotI hai| sallekhanA parISahajaya evaM upasargajaya kA sarvottama udAharaNa hai| sallekhanA se hone vAle kaSToM meM apane Apako sAdhaka sama banA detA hai usa sthiti meM pUrNa samabhAva meM rahatA hai| vaha samabhAva kI sthiti parISahajaya kI sthiti hai| samabhAva va parISahajaya eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| donoM eka sikke ke do pahalU haiN| parISahajaya kA dUsarA nAma samabhAva hai| isI prakAra sallekhanA parISahajaya kI pUraka hai| parISahajaya va sallekhanA bhI eka sikke ke do pahalU hai| parISahajaya va sallekhanA donoM samabhAva ko bar3hAte haiN| sallekhanA eka tapa hai| bhale hI sAmAjika stara para ise svIkAra na kiyA gayA ho, phira bhI jaina paramparA meM ise tapasyA/sAdhanA kA prayoga kahA jAtA hai| ise na to prathA, na dikhAvA athavA na hI AtmahatyA kI paridhi meM liyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki isakA uddezya mAtra anAsakti ke kSaNa meM jInA hai| zarIra ke prati anAsakta ho samAdhipUrvaka tapa karanA, aise meM mRtyu A jAye to samatApUrvaka use svIkAra karanA saMthArA hai| anta samaya meM sAdhaka

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parISa evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata : 45 saMstAraka (saMthArA) mAtra kA Azraya lekara dehatyAga karatA hai, ise hI sallekhanA kahate haiN| sallekhanA maraNa pUrva kI jAne vAlI anAsaktapUrNa paddhati kA nAma hai| maraNa kA svarUpa 10 maraNa ke sambandha meM vibhinna AcAryoM ne apane-apane mata vyakta kie haiM, jisakA artha 'maraNa' yA 'mRtyu' hI kiyA hai| arthAt maraNa ko samasta zarIradhArI jIvoM kA svabhAva (prakRti) mAnA hai / " maraNa' zabda 'mR' dhAtu se banA hai, jo bhAva artha meM lyuT pratyaya lagakara banA hai / " jisakA artha hai - prANoM kA parityAga | maraNa, vigama, vinAza, vipariNAma ye sabhI ekArtha vAcaka haiN|" isakA dUsarA artha eka prakAra kA viSa bhI kiyA gayA hai| 12 jaina darzana meM maraNa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki 'prastuta Ayu se bhinna anya Ayu kA udaya Ane para pUrva Ayu kA nAza honA maraNa hai / 13. 'anubhUyamAna Ayu nAmaka pudgala kA AtmA ke sAtha vinaSTa (viyoga-pRthkatva) honA maraNa hai| dhavalA meM Ayu kSaraNa ko maraNa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 14 apane prANoM se prApta hue Ayu kA, indriyoM kA aura mana, vacana va kAya ina tInoM baloM ke kAraNa vizeSa ke milane para nAza honA, maraNa hai| "maraNa ke do rUpa hameM milate haiM- prathama loka prasiddha maraNa, jo sAmAnya vyavahAra meM dekhA jAtA hai tathA dUsarA pratikSaNa Ayu 16 17 kSINa honA bhI maraNa hI hai| jise kramazaH tadbhava maraNa (loka prasiddha maraNa) evaM nitya maraNa ( pratikSaNa Ayu kA kSINa honA) kahate haiN| ataH AtmA kA zarIra se alaga ho jAnA hI maraNa hai| jaba AtmA eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare paryAya yA zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai, to jisa zarIra paryAya ko AtmA chor3atA hai, vaha maraNa hai| gItA' meM maraNa kA artha akIrti kiyA gayA hai| sajjana (sadAcArI) kI akIrti hI usakA maraNa hai| jisakA loka meM yaza, gaurava, sammAna, pratiSThA Adi na rahe usakI stha maraNa se kahIM burI hotI hai| AtmA ke sambandha me kahA gayA hai ki "jisa prakAra manuSya purAne vastroM ko chor3akara naye vastroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise hI jIvAtmA bhI purAne zarIra ko tyAgakara dUsare naye zarIroM ko prApta karatA rahatA hai| 18 yahAM para jIvAtmA dvArA jaina darzana meM sAta prakAra jo purAne zarIra ko chor3ane kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vahI maraNa hai| 19 " kA ullekha milatA hai, uname se eka maraNa bhaya bhI hai| ataH yaha zAzvata satya hai ki sabhI jIva maraNadharmA haiN| maraNa ke bheda-prabheda jisa prakAra sallekhanA kA parISahajaya evaM upasargajaya ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai, ThIka usI prakAra sallekhanA kA maraNa ke sAtha antaH sambandha haiM, kyoMki sallekhanA eka vrata hai jisakA paddhatipUrNa DhaMga se sAdhaka pAlana karatA hai| bhagavatI

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46 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 ArAdhanA meM varNita paramparA meM mAnya 17 prakAra ke maraNoM me se pAMca prakAra ke maraNoM kA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai 1. bAla-bAlamaraNa 2. bAlamaraNa 3. bAla-paMDitamaraNa 4. paMDitamaraNa 5. paNDita-paNDitamaraNa 1. bAla-bAla maraNa saMsAra samudra meM anAdi kAla se jIva ajJAna ke vazIbhUta cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa kara rahA hai| AtmA kI avasthA kA pahalA sopAna mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna hai| darzana mohanIya karma saMsAra ko vistAra dene vAlA karma hai| jisakI dRSTi samyak nahIM hotI hai vaha mithyAdRSTi jIva kahalAtA hai| AtmAtthAna ke lie sabase pahale, darzana ko samyak karanA hotA hai, apanI dRSTi ko samyak banAnA hotA hai| jisa jIva meM mithyAtva, avirita, pramAda, kaSAya va yoga pAMcoM Azrava maujUda hote haiM vaha pahale mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna me rahatA hai| aisA jIva jaba maratA hai to use bAla-bAlamaraNa kahate haiN| 'jaisI dRSTi-vaisI sRSTi',sundara sRSTi banAne ke lie dRSTi (ciMtana, dizA, soca) ko samyak banAnA hotA hai| jaba dRSTi avidhAyaka hotI hai taba bhava-bhramaNa kI sImA nahI rahatI hai| aisA jIva punaH-punaH bAla-bAlamaraNa ko prApta hotA hai| ise ajJAna-ajJAnamaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| 2. bAlamaraNa jaba soca vidhAyaka (Positive attitude) hotI hai to Atmazuddhi prAraMbha hone lagatI hai| yaha AtmavikAsa kI pahalI sIDhI hai| ise 'apUrvakaraNa' kahate hai| AtmA ko aisA ciMtAmaNi ratna milatA hai jo pahale kabhI nahIM milA ho| vaha ciMtAmaNi ratna samyak-darzana hai| jisane eka bAra samyaktva (samyak-darzana) ko prApta kara liyA, usane apane bhavoM kI sImA taya kara lI yAnI vaha mokSa kA adhikArI bana gyaa| kabhI na kabhI vaha mokSa (nirvANa) ko jarUra prApta kregaa| yaha AtmA kA cauthA guNasthAna 'avirata samyak-dRSTi' kahalAtA hai| AtmA kA mithyAtva samApta ho gayA lekina ajJAna (avirati) bAkI hai| cauthe guNasthAna meM avirati, pramAda, kaSAya yoga cAra Azrava rahate haiN| isa guNasthAna kA jIva samyak-darzana ko jAnatA hai lekina saMsAra ke bhogoM ke prati bahuta lAlAyita rahatA hai| isa sthiti ke jIva ke maraNa ko bAla maraNa kahate hai|"baal kA artha ajJAna hai| aise prANI ke maraNa ko ajJAnamaraNa kahate haiN|

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3. bAla - paNDitamaraNa jyoM-jyoM vyakti anAsakti, sAdhanA kI ora agrasara hotA hai tyoM-tyoM vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| vrata sAdhanA hai jisakI niSpati saMvara hai| yaha jIva kI kramika unnati kA pAMcavA guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAna ke prANI ko zrAvaka kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai jise vratAvratI kahate haiN| isa guNasthAna ko 'dezavirati samyak dRSTi guNasthAna' kahate hai| isa guNasthAna meM vrata va avrata donoM sAtha hote haiM tabhI ise vratAvratI kahA 25 tA hai| isa guNasthAna meM mithyAtva kA abhAva va avirati kI AMzika vidyamAnatA pAI jAtI hai| pramAda, kaSAya va yoga Azrava vidyamAna hote haiN| aisA jIva jaba maraNa ko prApta hotA hai to use bAla - paNDitamaraNa kahate hai, yAnI AMzika ajJAna kI vidymaantaa| bAla va paNDita donoM kI prApti ke kAraNa isameM AMzika ajJAna aura sthUla hiMsA Adi se virati rUpa cAritra va darzana donoM hote haiN| yaha sallekhanA pUrNa maraNa viratAvirata cAritradhArI jIva ke hotA hai| 4. paNDitamaraNa chaThe va sAtaveM guNasthAna meM jisakA sallekhanA pUrvaka maraNa hotA hai use paNDita maraNa kahate hai| paNDita - paNDita ke prakarSa rahita jisakA pANDitya hotA hai, use paNDita kahate haiM tathA unakA sallekhanA pUrNa maraNa paNDita-maraNa hai| yaha maraNa una sAdhuoM ko hotA hai jo apane AcaraNa yA cAritra ko zAstra sammata yA AptapuruSoM ke kahe anusAra banA pAte haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki paNDitamaraNa ke tIna prakAra hai: 26 parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata : 47 i. prAdopagamana ii. bhakta pratijJA iii. iMgiNImaraNa i. prAdopagamana pAda aura upagamana arthAt pairoM se upagamana pUrvaka hone vAle maraNa kA prAdopagamana maraNa kahate haiN| apane pairoM se calakara arthAt saMgha se nikalakara yogya deza meM Azraya lenA prAdopagamana hai| isameM sAdhu na svayaM apanI sevA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se karAtA hai| jisameM asthimAtra zeSa rahatA hai, vaha prAdopagamana karatA hai / prAda kA artha saMnyAsa hai| ataH saMnyAsiyoM (sAdhuoM) ke maraNa kA eka bheda ise kahA gayA hai| ii. bhakta pratijJA bhakta kA artha-jisakA sevana kiyA jAe aura pratijJA kA artha hai - tyAga / arthAt jisameM bhojana kA tyAga kiyA jAye, vaha bhakta pratijJA hai / yaha do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai:

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48 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 a) savicAra bhakta pratijJA b) avicAra bhakta pratijJA yadi maraNa sahasA upasthita ho to avicAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| jaba ki savicAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna arham, liMga Adi cAlIsa padoM dvArA lie jAne kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| iii. iMgiNImaraNa iMgiNImaraNa kA artha hai apane abhiprAya ke anusAra raha kara hone vAlA mrnn| iMgiNI zabda kA tAtparya iMgita arthAt saMketa se hai| iMgiNImaraNa kA icchuka sAdhu saMgha se nikalakara yA alaga hokara guphA meM ekAkI Azraya letA hai| isameM vaha apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai, dUsare se nahIM kraataa| isakA koI sahayogI sAdhu nahIM hotaa| svayaM apanA saMstAraka banAtA hai aura svayaM apanI paricaryA karatA hai| 5. paNDita-paNDitamaraNa samyak-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI utkRSTatama sthiti me jIva paNDitapaNDitamaraNa ko prApta hotA hai| guNasthAna kI apekSA se jIva jaba bArahaveM guNasthAna ko sparza kara letA hai to vaha vItarAga ho jAtA hai, usake kaSAya samApta ho jAte haiN| isa sthiti meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda evaM kaSAya Azrava pUrNa rUpa se kSINa ho jAte haiN| terahaveM guNasthAna meM mAtra yoga Azrava rahatA hai isa kAraNa vaha sayogI kevalI kahalAtA hai tathA jaba jIva Atmazuddhi kI utkRSTatama sthiti caudahavAM guNasthAna ko prApta karatA hai to yoga Azrava bhI samApta ho jAtA hai tathA jIva ko mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| aisI zuddha AtmA kA maraNa paNDita-paNDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna ko prApta karane para agara jIva kSapaka zreNI le letA hai to vaha mokSa ko prApta hotA hai| aura AThaveM guNasthAna meM jIva upazama zreNI le letA hai to gyArahaveM guNasthAna upazAMta moha ko prApta kara nIce gira jAtA hai tathA pahale guNasthAna mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna taka bhI gira sakatA hai| paNDita-paNDitamaraNa sarvottama maraNa hai|" isa prakAra parISahajaya, upasargajaya saMyama-sAdhanA kA mukhya sUtra hai| isase samabhAva phalita hotA hai| sallekhanA vrata saMyama-sAdhanA kA sahayogI tattva hai| ataH parISahajaya evaM upasargajaya sallekhanA vrata kI sAdhanA ke pUraka haiN| inake puSTa hone para sallekhanA vrata prANavAna banatA hai| vartamAna yuga ghora ajJAna kA yuga hai| mAnava bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM lupta hai| ajJAna ke kAraNa anaitikatA, azAMti, kadAgraha, AMtakavAda, saMgrahavRti, asaMvedanazIlatA amAnavIya guNoM kA vistAra ho rahA hai| isa kAraNa prakRti (paryAvaraNa) ko dUSita kiyA jA rahA hai tathA usakA aMdhAdhuMdha dohana ho

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parISaha evaM upasargajaya ke saMdarbha meM sallekhanA vrata : rahA hai| isake badale meM prakRti hameM asAdhya bimAriyoM, bhUkampa, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, akAla, pAnI kI kamI Adi daNDa ke rUpa meM pradAna kara rahI hai| agara hama vartamAna yuga meM mAnavIya ekatA, sadAcAra, bhAIcArA, zAMti, anAgraha, saMvedanazIlatA, naitikatA Adi mAnavIya guNoM ko bar3hAnA cAheM to hameM parISahajaya, upasargajaya ke siddhAnta ko AtmasAta karanA hogaa| parISahajaya se icchA - parimANa, anAsakti, vairAgya va maitrI bhAvanA kI vRddhi hotI hai| saMdarbhaH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA - AcArya zrI tulasI, 7/23 pR. saM. 52 tattvArthasUtra - 9/ 23 Agama vANI, bhagavAna mahAvIra tattvArthasUtra - 9/8 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 30 / 27 samavAyAMga- samavAya 22 tattvArthasUtra - 9/10-12 8. maraNaM prakRtiH zarIriNAma-raghuvaMzam, kAlidAsa, 8/87 9. ApTe, saMskRta hindI koza, pR. 777 10. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (vijayodayA TIkA) pR. 49, gAthA 25 kI TIkA, prakAzaka- jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, solApura 19. vahI pR. 49 12. ApTe, saMskRta hindI koza, pR. 777 13. aNNAugodaye vA maradi ya puvvAuNAse vA / bhagavatI ArAdhanA (vijayodayA TIkA), pR. 50 14. AyuSaH kSayasya maraNahetutvAt - dhavalA 15. svapariNAmopAttasyAyuSa indriyANAM bAlAnAM ca kAraNavazAtsaMkSayo maraNam / sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 362 16. jainendra siddhAMta koza, bhAga-3, pR. 278 17. saMbhAvitasya cAkIrtirmaraNAdatiricyate / / bhagavadgItA, 2/34 18. vahI, 2/22 49

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50 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 19. ihaparaloyattANaM aguttimaraNaM ca veynnaakmmibhyaa| mUlAcAra, 53 20. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 25 21. paMDidapaMDidamaraNaM paMDidayaM bAlaMpaDidaM cev| bAlamaraNaM cautyaM paMcamayaM bAlabAlaM ca / / vahI, 26 22. micchAdiSvI ya puNo paMcamae baalbaalmmi|| vahI, 29 23. suttAdo taM sammaM darasijjaMtaM jadA Na sdddi| so ceva havai micchAdiTThI jIvo tado pahudi / / vahI, 32 24. aviradasammAdiTThI maraMti bAlamaraNe cutthmmi|| vahI, 29 / / 25. viradAviradA jIvA maraMti tadiyeNa mrnnenn| vahI, 27 26. pAyopagamaNamaraNaM bhattapaiNNA ya iMgiNAI cev| tivihaM paMDitamaraNaM sAhussa jahuttacArissa / / vahI, 28 27. vahI, 66-69 28. paNDidapaNDitamaraNe khINakasAyo maraMti kevaliNo / / vahI, 27

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puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM DaoN0 dIpaka raMjana * zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 puruSArtha se sAmAnyataH do artha lagAe jAte haiM - 1. puruSa kA prayojana aura 2. pauruSa athavA puruSa dvArA kiyA gayA prayatna / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM puruSArtha ke dUsare artha para adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| puruSArtha ko paribhASita karate samaya jaina saMskRti meM kahA gayA hai- 'pauruSaM punariha ceSTitam' se tAtparya yaha hai ki manuSya yadi apanA prayojana (jo mokSa hai) prApta karanA cAhatA hai to use isake lie svayaM prayatna karanA hogaa| isake lie kisI bhI prakAra kI daivI sahAyatA use upalabdha nahIM hai kyoMki jaina darzana Izvara kI sattA ko asvIkAra karatA hai| IzvaravAdI dArzanika paddhatiyA~ prAyaH mAnavAropaNa ke doSa se grasita hotI hai| ve Izvara ko manuSya ke stara para deva yA avatAra ke rUpa meM nIce khIMca lAtI haiM aura isa prakAra manuSya Izvara kA sahAyaka bana jAtA hai| jaina darzana, ThIka isake viruddha manuSya ko hI, jaba usakI zaktiyA~ pUrNa vikasita ho jAtI haiM, Izvara ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| use pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki vaha svataH prayatna se Izvara kI koTi taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| jaina darzana ne isa prakAra mokSa prApti kA pUrA uttaradAyittva svayaM manuSya para DAla diyA hai| usakI sahAyatA ke lie kisI bhI daivI zakti yA Izvara kA yahA~ prAvadhAna nahIM hai| * puruSArtha se Azaya mUlataH mAnava ceSTA se hai- jisameM vyakti ko svataMtratA bhI milI huI hai aura jisakA uttaradAyitva bhI use nibhAnA hai| vyakti karma karane ke lie svataMtra hai kintu phala bhogane kA uttaradAyitva bhI usI kA hai| isameM kisI anya vyakti, devatA yA Izvara kA hastakSepa nahIM hai| manuSya cAhe to Izvara kI koTi bhale prApta kara sakatA hai, yaha manuSya kI kSamatA ke bAhara kI vastu nahIM hai| lekina Izvara se tAtparya yahA~ vyakti kA svayaM apanA hI nijarUpa hai jo sabhI aizvaryoM se paripUrNa hai| apane nijarUpa ko prApta karanA hI, manuSya kA prayojana hai, Adarza hai| isa Adarza ko prApta karane ke lie jaina darzana ke anusAra dhIra puruSa ko kSaNa bhara kA bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie- 'dhIre muhuttamavi No pamAdae / ' kuzala vyakti vahI hai jo binA pramAda ke puruSArtha meM vizvAsa karatA hai / kuzala ko pramAda se bhalA kyA prayojana?" * darzana evaM dharma vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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52 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 hindU darzana kI bhA~ti jaina darzana meM bhI puruSArtha catuSTaya kI carcA hai, kintu jaina darzana isakI vistRta vyAkhyA nahIM krtaa| mokSa carcA ke sandarbha meM puruSArtha catuSTaya kA ullekha mAtra huA hai| udAharaNArtha jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki prAcInakAla se hI maharSiyoM ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa puruSArtha ke cAra bheda mAne haiN| kintu isa svIkRti ke bAvajUda pahale tIna puruSArtha nAza sahita aura saMsAra ke rogoM se dUSita batAe gae haiN| ata: jJAnI puruSoM ko kevala mokSa ke lie hI prayatna karane ko kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra paramAtmA prakAza meM bhI dharma, artha aura kAma ina sabhI puruSArthoM meM mokSa hI 'uttama' mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki anya kisI meM 'parama sukha' nahIM hai| vastutaH jainadarzana isa prakAra kevala mokSa ko hI puruSArtha rUpa meM svIkAra karatA pratIta hotA hai| dharma puruSArtha kI svIkRti usake mokSAnukUla hone meM hai tathA artha aura kAma ina do puruSArthoM kA usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki bhAratIya cintana meM jahA~ puruSArtha-catuSTaya pratibimbita hotA hai, vahA~ jaina darzana darpaNa meM puruSArtha-dvaya hI (dharma aura mokSa) avalokita hotA hai| lekina, yaha mAnanA ki jaina darzana meM kevala mokSa hI ekamAtra puruSArtha hai aura dharma, mokSa mArga hai tathA zeSa do tathAkathita puruSArthoM kA isa darzana meM koI sthAna nahIM hai-eka ekAMgI vicAra hai aura koI bhI jinavacana ekAnta yA nirapekSa nahIM hai| eka Adhunika vyAkhyAkAra ke anusAra, 'yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki mokSa yA nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM jo artha aura kAma bAdhaka haiM, ve jaina dRSTi ke anusAra anAcaraNIya evaM heya hai| lekina darzana yaha kabhI nahIM kahatA ki artha aura kAma puruSArtha ekAnta rUpa se heya haiM .... nyAyapUrvaka upArjita artha aura vaivAhika maryAdAnukUla kAma kA jaina vicAraNA meM samucita sthAna hai| agara dhyAna diyA jAya to lagabhaga yahI sthiti hameM hindU darzana meM bhI milatI hai| hindU darzana meM bhI artha aura kAma nirapekSa mUlya na hokara dharmAnusAra maryAdita hokara hI mUlyagata zreNI meM Ate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, jaina dharmAcAryoM ne bhI kAma aura artha ko na kevala dharmonmukhI banAne para bala diyA balki ThIka hindU trivarga kI dhAraNA ke anurUpa hI 'dharma', 'artha' aura 'kAma' ke kucha isa prakAra ke sevana kI anuzaMsA kI ki ve paraspara avirodha meM rhe| dharma kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane vAlI aneka gAthAe~ haiN| ve jahA~ eka ora dharma ke AkAragata svarUpa para prakAza DAlatI hai vahIM ve dUsarI ora dharma kI antarvastu ko bhI spaSTa karatI haiN|

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puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM jisa prakAra sabhI mUlyoM kA svarUpa AdezAtmaka hotA hai usI prakAra jaina darzana meM bhI dharma ke AdezAtmaka svarUpa para spaSTa Agraha hai| AcArya mahAprajJa, 'AjJAyAM mAmako dharmaH ' sUtra dvArA, apane grantha sambodhi meM dharma ko paribhASita karate haiN| isa sUtra kA Agamika srota AyAroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai- 'ANAeM mAmagaM dhammaM" arthAt AjJA meM hI dharma kA gUr3ha tattva chipA huA hai| isake rahasya ko jAnane vAlA hI usako prApta kara sakatA hai|" 1 : 53 dharma kI eka anya paribhASA jo usake svarUpa ko suspaSTa karatI hai hameM nimnalikhita sUtra meM milatI hai- 'dhammoM vtthushaavo|" arthAt dharma vastu kA svabhAva hai| sAmAnyataH jaba hama kahate haiM ki agni kA dharma jalAnA hai, jala kA dharma zItala karanA hai yA vAyu kA dharma bahanA hai to yahA~ dharma se hamArA tAtparya kathita vastuoM ke svabhAva se hI hai| ataH mAnava pariprekSya meM pUchA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya kA svabhAva kyA hai jise dharma kahA jAya? spaSTa hI manuSya kA sAra usakI cetanA meM hai| jo manuSya jIvita nahIM hai, vaha jar3a hai| zarIra nizcita hI manuSya kA eka pakSa hai kintu yaha gauNa hai| cetana zarIra svataH mUlyavAna hai aura zarIra parataH mUlyavAna hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo cetanA kA svalakSaNa hogA vahIM manuSya kA vAstavika dharma hogaa| hameM apane dharma ko samajhane ke lie cetanA ke svalakSaNa svabhAva ko jAnanA hogaa| AyAro meM kahA gayA hai- 'samiyA dhamme" arthAt dharma samatA meM hai yA samatA hI dharma hai| samatA aura dharma meM koI antara nahIM hai jo samatA hai vaha dharma hai aura jo dharma hai, vahI samatA hai jisa prakAra AtmA jJAna hai aura jJAna AtmA hai (appA NANaM, NANaM appA) usI taraha samatA aura dharma ekarUpa hai| " kahA gayA hai ki cAritra hI dharma hai aura dharma nizcita hI samatA hai| 13 dharma se Azaya jahA~ vastu ke svabhAva se hai, vahI kSamA Adi dasa bhAva bhI dharma hai| kSamA Adi ye dasa bhAva haiM- kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya tathA brhmcry|" ye sabhI dasa dharma vastutaH ve karttavya hai jinake nirvAha se manuSya apane sva-bhAva meM sthita ho sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM dharma jaisA ki hindU darzana meM kahA gayA hai, abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa donoM kI hI siddhi karAtA hai|" usakI rakSA karanA hamArA karttavya hai aura yadi hama usakI rakSA karate haiM to vaha bhI hamArI rakSA karatA hai-dharmo rakSati rakSitaH / ThIka vaise hI jaise yadi kisAna apane bIjoM kI rakSA karatA hai to ve hI bIja use bhaviSya meM bharapUra phasala dete hai| dharma na kevala viSaya-bhogoM meM nihita duHkha ko kama karatA hai, varan niHzreyasa, parama puruSArtha mokSa ko bhI prApta karane kA rAjamArga hai|

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54 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 artha aura kAma : sAmAnyataH yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki nivRttipradhAna jaina darzana meM mokSa hI ekamAtra puruSArtha hai| dharma-puruSArtha kI svIkRti usake mokSAnukUla hone meM hI hai| artha aura kAma ina do puruSArthoM kA usameM koI sthAna nahIM hai| lekina yaha vicAra ekAMgI mAnA jaaegaa| jaina darzana yaha kabhI nahIM kahatA ki artha aura kAma puruSArtha ekAnta rUpa se heya hai|6 bhadrabAhu ne apanI dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM spaSTa ghoSaNA kI hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma ko bhale hI anya vicAraka paraspara virodhI mAnate hoM kintu jinavANI ke anusAra to ve kuzala anuSThAna meM avatarita hone para paraspara avirodhI hai| yahI bAta bAda meM hemacandra bhI kahate haiM ki gRhastha upAsaka dharma aura kAma puruSArthoM kA isa prakAra sevana kare ki koI kisI kA bAdhaka na ho| vastutaH jisa artha aura kAma ko jaina darzana meM nirasta kiyA gayA hai, vaha amaryAdita artha aura kAma hai jise puruSArtha catuSTaya ke antargata sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| artha aura kAma puruSArtha-catuSTaya meM mUlya kA rUpa dhAraNa tabhI karate haiM jaba vaha dharma dvArA maryAdita hokara mokSonmukha hote haiN| jaina darzana ke eka vyAkhyAkAra amaramuni kA bhI yahI mata hai| unake anusAra artha jaba dharma kI chAyA meM A jAtA hai tabhI vaha dharma kI hI taraha divya ho jAtA hai| lakSmI jo artha kA pratIka hai, devI hai, rAkSasI nhiiN| artha ko devatva dharma pradAna karatA hai| dharma dRSTi detA hai ki artha kahAM se AnA cAhie, usakA kisa prakAra upayoga honA cAhie aura Age bhI kaisA rahanA caahie| dharma artha ke Ane kI dizA nirdhArita karatA hai aura Age kI gati kA bhI nirdeza karatA rhegaa| ___ yahI bAta kAma (bhoga) para bhI lAgU hotI hai| zarIra ke jitane bhI bhoga haiM ve kAma meM A jAte haiN| artha kA upabhoga bhI kAma hI hai| yaha bhoga divya kaba banegA? amaramuni kahate haiM ki dharma kA prakAza artha ke mAdhyama se sIdhe kAma taka jAnA cAhie, tabhI vaha divya hogaa| dUdha, pAnI ityadi sApha nahIM hotA to hama use chAnate haiM, usI prakAra artha ko bhI chAnanA hogA aura yaha chAnane kA kArya dharma kregaa| yadi artha chAnA nahIM gayA, usakA ThIka-ThIka upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA to vaha artha, artha na rahakara anartha ho jaaegaa| artha kI taraha kAma ko bhI chAnanA hogaa| kAma ko chAnane ke lie jo channA hai vaha hai, anaaskti| kAma yadi Asakti se bharA huA hai to vaha kSudra hai, hIna hai, kintu yadi vaha Asaktirahita hai to divya hai| jisa kAma meM Asakti kI jindagI hai. vaha sar3akara barbAda ho jAtA hai| artha aura kAma dharma ke prakAza se hI mokSAnmukha hote haiN|

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puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM : 55 mokSa anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI bhA~ti hI jaina darzana kA abhISTa bhI jJAna prApta karanA mAtra nahIM hai| mokSa jaina darzana kA kendra-bindu hai aura mokSa se Azaya duHkha se Atyantika nivRtti aura carama sukha prApta karanA hai| isIlie jaina darzana meM mokSa ko puruSArtha meM sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai aura isa mokSa kI prApti kevala dharma mArga se hI sambhava hai isalie dharma bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| dharma, yadyapi mokSa kI apekSA se, kevala eka sAdhana hai kintu sAdhana hone ke nAte vaha mokSamArga bhI hai| ataH usakI mahattA mokSa se kataI kamatara nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM 'mArga' aura 'mArga-phala ina do avadhAraNAoM meM antara kiyA gayA hai| 'mArga' mokSa kA upAya hai| usakA phala 'mokSa' yA 'nirvANa' hai kintu upAya yA mArga Akhira hai kyA? gAthA ke anusAra yaha nizcita hI 'samyaktva hai| jo vyakti samyak-mArga para calatA hai, vahI antata: mokSa prApta karatA hai| isa mArga ke anusaraNa ke phalasvarUpa hI nirvANa sambhava ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM samatva ko dharma kahA gayA hai| jo dharma hai vahI samatva hai|" dharma aura mokSa eka dUsare se sAdhana-sAdhya rUpa meM sampRkta haiN| eka mArga hai, dUsarA mArgaphala hai| eka upAya hai, dUsarA gantavya hai| __ mokSa kevala ve hI prApta kara sakate haiM jo dharmamArga para calate hai, unheM maharSi kahA gayA hai| unheM mahAvIra, arhat, vItarAga Adi nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| mokSa ke lie bhI jaina sAhitya meM ekAdhika nAma milate hai -1. nirvANa, 2. abAdha,3. siddhi, 4. lokAgra,5. kSema, 6. ziva aura 7. anAbAdha ityAdi mokSa ke hI samAnArthaka haiM bhale hI unake artha meM thor3A-bahuta antara kyoM na ho| ___ mokSa ko vacana dvArA pratipAdya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usakA varNana asambhava hai kyoMki vahAM zabdoM kI pravRtti nahIM hai, vahA~ tarka-vitarka ke lie bhI koI sthAna nahIM hai| vaha buddhi se pare hai| mati dvArA grAhya nahIM hai vaha akelA, oja aura prakAza se pUrNa zarIra meM apratiSThita hone ke kAraNa azarIrI hai| vaha zarIranahokara AtmA hai,jJAtA hai|23 punaH vaha nirAkAra hai, vaha parimaNDalAkAra bhI nahIM hai| itanA hI nahIM mokSAvasthA eka aisI avasthA hai jahA~ naduHkha hai, na sukha hai, na pIr3A hai,na bAdhA hai, na maraNa hai, na janma hai| jahA~ na indriyAM hai, na upasarga hai, na moha hai, na vismaya hai, na nidrA hai, na tRSNA hai, na bhUkha hai, jahA~ na karma hai na nokarma hai| na cintA hai na kisI prakAra kA dhyAna hai|24 prazna uThatA hai, phira use kaise, kisa prakAra, samajhA-samajhAyA jA sakatA hai? jaina darzana mokSa ko anubhavAtIta aura zabdAtIta kahakara cupa nahIM baiTha jAtA, balki usakA bhAvAtmaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta karatA hai| bezaka mokSa indriyAnubhUti se pare hai,

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56 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 lekina yaha eka azarIrI AdhyAtmika anubhUti to hai hI, jisako pUrI sAvadhAnI baratate hue, bhASA meM prastuta to, samajhAne kI dRSTi se karanA hI hogA aura isI prastutIkaraNa meM jaina darzana hindU darzana kI apekSA adhika samRddha hai| hindU darzana meM to AtmA ko anirvacanIya kahakara usake sambandha meM koI nizcita bAta nahIM kahI gayI, kintu jaina darzana meM mokSa ke sambandha meM nizcita taura para kAphI kucha kahA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka gAthA ke anusAra, mokSAvasthA eka aisI avasthA hai jahA~ kevala jJAna, kevala darzana, kevala sukha, kevala vIrya, amUrtatA, astittva aura sapradezatva ke guNa hote hai| 25 saMdarbha : 1. AyAro, vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, pR0 88 (2/95 ) 2. jJAnArNava, zumacandra, 3/4 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa 1978 3. vahI, 3/3-5 4. paramAtmaprakAza, yogindudeva, 2/3, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1 vi.saM0 5. 2029 Ananda prakAza tripAThI kA Alekha, 'jaina darzana meM puruSArtha catuSTaya', tulasI prajJA, lADanUM, khaNDa 20, aMka 1 - 2, pR0 42 6. pro. sAgaramala jaina kA Alekha, 'mUlya aura mUlyabodha kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta' zramaNa vArANasI, janavarI - mArca 1002, pRtra 10-11 7. yogazAstra ( AcArya hemacandra ), pR. 1-52 8. AyAro, pR. 238 (6/2/48 9. samaNI sthitaprajJA kA nibaMdha, 'saMbodhi ke Agamika srota' tulasI prajJA, pUrNAMka 90, pR. 135 10. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 478, sampA0- e. ena. upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi. saM. 2034 11. AyAro, pR. 274, 8/31 12. udayacaMda jaina kA nibaMdha samatA, akTUbara 93, pR. 37 13. cArittaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samo ti NiddiTTho / mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu samo / pravacanasAra, 7

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puruSArtha-catuSTaya : jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM : 57 14. uttamakhamaddavajjava saccasauccaM ca saMjamaM cev| tavacAgamakiMcaNhaM bamha idi dasaviho dhmmo|| samaNasuttaM, gAthA 426 uttamaHkSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH| tattvArthasUtra, 9/6 15. vaizeSikasUtra 1/1/2 16. pro. sAgaramala jaina kA Alekha, 'mUlya ora mUlyabodha kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta' zramaNa, janavarI-mArca, aMka 13 17. dazavaikAlikaniryakti, 262-264 18. yogazAstra 1/52 19. upAdhyAya amaramuni kA Alekha, 'dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa', zrI amara bhAratI, jUna 1995 20. samaNasuttaM, 192 21. vahI, 274-275 22. vahI, 162 23. vahI, 5/ 137-139 24. vahI, 617-619 25. vahI, 620

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nibandha-pratiyogitA meM puraskRta Alekha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vigata cAra varSoM se navayuvakoM ke bauddhika vikAsa evaM jaina dharma-darzana ke prati unakI jAgarukatA ko banAye rakhane ke lie nibandha-pratiyogitA kA Ayojana karatA A rahA hai| cauthI pratiyogitA varSa 2007-08 meM 'vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA' viSaya para Ayojita kI gayI thii| isameM kula 60 (sATha) Alekha prApta hue the| 32 Alekha grupa 'e' meM tathA 28 Alekha grupa 'bI' meM Aye the| grupa 'e' una pratibhAgiyoM ke lie hai jinakI Ayu 18 varSa se kama hai tathA grupa 'bI' meM ve pratibhAgI Ate haiM jinakI Ayu 18 varSa se adhika hai| donoM grupa meM tInatIna puraskAra diye jAte haiM - prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya jinakI rAzi kramazaH 2500/ -, 1500/- aura 1000/- rupaye hotI hai| prApta AlekhoM ko jina tIna viSaya-vizeSajJoM ne mUlyAMkita kiyA unake prati hama AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| donoM grupa meM se jina tIna logoM ko puraskRta kiyA gayA unake nAma haiM - grupa 'e' 1. zrI himAMzu siMghavI - prathama 2. ku. nikitA copar3A - dvitIya 3. ku0 priyaMkA corar3iyA - tRtIya grupa 'bI' 1. zrImatI saroja golechA - prathama 2. zrImatI kamalinI bokariyA - dvitIya 3. zrI chaila siMha rAThaur3a, zrI rAmasvarUpa jaina - tRtIya saMyukta rUpa se zramaNa ke prastuta aMka meM puraskRta uparyukta vijetAoM ke Alekha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| - sampAdaka

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA himAMzu siMghavI* jo bharA nahIM hai bhAvoM se, bahatI jisameM prema dhAra nhiiN| vaha vijJAna nahIM abhizApa hai, jisameM ahiMsA aura pyAra nhiiN|| Adhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai| Aja kA mAnava vijJAna ke aneka sAdhanoM dvArA prakRti ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kA pardAphAza kara cukA hai| vijJAna Aja mAnava jIvana se isa prakAra ghula-mila gayA hai ki use jIvana se pRthak karanA asambhava hai| Aja vijJAna mAnava jIvana kA anivArya tathA abhinna aMga bana gayA hai| sarvaprathama mAnava ne rahasyoM ko jAnane ke lie dharma kA sahArA liyA thA va Aja vaha vijJAna ke mAdhyama se una sabhI rahasyoM ko jAnane tathA samajhane kA prayAsa kara rahA hai, jinheM prAcIna samaya kA mAnava samajhane kI koziza meM lagA rahA, para saphala na ho skaa| 'dharma' nAma sunate hI hamAre mana meM satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha, brahmacarya, akrodha Adi bAteM vicarita hone lagatI haiN| ahiMsA aura vijJAna meM jo virodhAbhAsa pratIta hotA hai, vAstava meM vaha virodha nahIM hai, vaha to vikAsa mArga ke do bhinna-bhinna sAdhana haiM, jinameM kucha aMtara honA svAbhAvika hai| saccI ahiMsA kA na to kabhI vijJAna se virodha rahA hai aura na hogaa| donoM hI satya mArga ke do sopAna haiM, jinakA eka hI lakSya hai| ataH vijJAna tathA ahiMsA eka-dUsare ke virodhI pratIta hote hue bhI eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| vijJAna eka dRSTikoNa hai, jisake anusAra kisI vastu, vyakti athavA ghaTanA kI sambhAvanA usa samaya taka svIkAra nahIM kI jAtI hai, jaba taka ki koI kAraNa hamAre sAmane pratyakSa na ho| vizvAsa usI para kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA prayogAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa una vicAroM aura dhArAoM ko koI mahattva nahIM detA jo korI kalpanA aura aMdhavizvAsa para AdhArita hoN| dina ke sAtha rAta, prakAza ke sAtha aMdhakAra aura sukha ke sAtha duHkha jur3e hue haiN| saMsAra meM acchAI ke sAtha burAI hai, puNya ke sAtha pApa bhI hai, varadAna ke sAtha abhizApa bhI hai| duniyA kI pratyeka vastu kI bhA~ti vijJAna bhI dvi-AyAmI hai| vaha mAnava ko eka ora vikAsa ke zikhara kI ora bhI le jA rahA hai to dUsarI ora vinAza ke garta kI ora bhI *18/655caupAsanI hAusiMga borDa, jodhapura, rAjasthAna

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60 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 dhakela rahA hai| vijJAna ke kSetra meM jahA~ ahiMsA hogI vikAsa bhI vahIM para hogA aura jahA~ ahiMsA kA nAmonizAna taka na hogA vahA~ vinAza ke atirikta aura kucha na hogaa| vijJAna kI hI bhASA meM kaheM to vijJAna ke bure prabhAva (duSprabhAva) aura ahiMsA meM vyutkramAnupAta kA saMbaMdha hai arthAt jaise-jaise ahiMsA bar3hegI duSprabhAva kama hogA aura jaise-jaise duSprabhAva bar3heMge ahiMsA meM Avazyaka rUpa se kaTautI hogii| ___ ahiMsA kA zAbdika artha hai- 'hiMsA na karanA', 'kisI ko bhI na satAnA', 'kisI jIva-mAtra kI bhI hatyA na karanA' aadi| ahiMsA zabda kA bhAvanAtmaka artha hai ki mAnava mAtra kI sevA karanA, kisI ko bhI duHkhI na karanA, kisI ko kisI taraha kI coTa bhI na pahu~cAnA, dIna-duHkhiyoM aura pIr3ita logoM kI sahAyatA karanA, unake duHkha-darda ko bA~TanA aadi| ahiMsA aura vijJAna meM gaharA sambandha hai| vaijJAnika zakti ke sAtha ahiMsA kA honA, vijJAna tathA usake prabhAvoM meM cAra cA~da lagA detA hai| vijJAna ke bar3hate hue caraNa nirantara mAnava ke lie kalyANa aura sukha kA mArga prazasta kara rahe haiN| ahiMsA sahita vijJAna ne mAnava mAtra ko aneka sukha-suvidhAoM se paripUrNa kiyA hai| vaibhava-vilAsa aura ananta sAmagrI juTAkara vijJAna ne dharatI para svarga utAra diyA hai| lekina sAtha hI ahiMsA rahita vijJAna ne aNu tathA paramANu bamoM ke AviSkAra tathA usake durupayoga se isa ati suMdara, manamohaka pRthvI ko naSTa karane meM koI kora-kasara nahIM chodd'ii| vijJAna ne sadaiva mAnava ko svarga ke darzana kraae| ahiMsA sahita vijJAna ke suprabhAva ne mAnava ko pRthvI para svarga kA AbhAsa karAyA tathA ahiMsA rahita vijJAna ke duSprabhAva ne nirIha, nirdoSa prANiyoM ko mRtyuloka hI pahu~cA diyaa| vijJAna ke sAtha ahiMsA kA honA utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA ki jalebI meM miThAsa ke lie zakkara kI cAsanI kA honaa| jisa prakAra binA miThAsa ke jalebI adhUrI hai usI prakAra binA ahiMsA ke vijJAna bhI apUrNa hai| agara jalebI meM mIThApana nahIM hogA to jalebI ko pasaMda karane vAle logoM ko bahuta nirAzA, duHkha hogA, parantu khuzI hogI to kevala madhumeha rogiyoM va miThAI pasaMda na karane vAle logoM ko, isI prakAra yadi vijJAna meM ahiMsA kA abhAva athavA kamI hogI to vaha kevala AtaMkavAdiyoM, hiMsA karane vAloM, upadrava macAne vAloM (madhumeha rogiyoM) tathA ahiMsA (miThAI) pasaMda na karane vAle vyaktiyoM ko lAbha phuNcaayegaa| isake ThIka viparIta yadi jalebI apanI prakRti ke anurUpa miThAsa se paripUrNa hogI to vaha sabhI ko AnaMdita karane vAlI tathA sukha dene vAlI hogI, sivAya una logoM ke jo yA to madhumeha ke rogI haiM athavA miThAI nahIM cAhane vAle haiN| isI prakAra vijJAna ke sAtha ahiMsA hogI to ve

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 61 sabhI loga jo pUre vizva meM amana-caina, bhAIcArA, mitratA, sauhArdra Adi kI kAmanA karate haiM unheM bahuta khuzI milegI jabaki AtaMkavAdiyoM va amana-caina na cAhane vAle logoM ko nirAzA va duHkha hI hAtha lgegaa| kyoMki jaba vijJAna aura ahiMsA milacalate haiM to usake pariNAmasvarUpa hara tarapha vikAsa, khuzI, amana-caina, ekatA, sauhArdratA tathA AtaMkavAdiyoM va upadraviyoM se mukti Adi milatI hai jo zAyada una bure vicAra vAle logoM, AtaMkavAdiyoM ke sapanoM ko cUra tathA irAdoM ko kucalane vAlA hotA hai| jaba vijJAna aura ahiMsA kisI kArya meM sAtha-sAtha nahIM hote haiM to logoM ko kaI kaThinAiyoM se rUbarU honA par3atA hai jaise upanivezavAda, paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa, AtaMkavAda, bhraSTAcAra aadi| Aja se lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva IsTa iMDiyA kampanI jo apanA ghaTiyA upanivezavAda kA irAdA lekara bhArata AI thI usake pIche bhI vijJAna kI pragati meM ahiMsA kA na honA hI thaa| tabhI to jaise-jaise vahA~ naye-naye AviSkAra hote gae usI kI ApUrti ke lie kacce mAla kI AvazyakatA par3I aura kacce mAla kI pUrti karane ke lie bhArata ko lagabhaga 150 varSo taka gulAmI sahanI pdd'ii| paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke lie bhI mAnava aura vijJAna ke bIca ApasI sAmaMjasya kA na honA hI jimmedAra hai| prAyaH hara prakAra ke pradUSaNa kI vRddhi ke lie hamArI vaijJAnika aura audyogika pragati tathA manuSya kA ahiMsA rahita aura avivekapUrNa AcaraNa hI jimmedAra hai| yadi manuSya ko jIva-jaMtuoM, vanaspatiyoM tathA apane AsapAsa ke anya logoM kA jarA bhI dhyAna AtA to vaha aise jaharIle dhu~oM ko vAyumaMDala meM yU~ hI phailane nahIM detA / 'AtaMkavAda huA yahA~ para, AtaMkavAda huA vahA~ para kA~pI dharatI, kA~pA deha, saMkaTa chAyA sAre jahA~ para / / ' AtaMkavAda vijJAna para kAlA dhabbA hai / vijJAna ne aNubamoM kA AviSkAra kara hara tarapha chAyI khuzahAlI ko gahare zoka, zaka tathA saMdeha meM parivartita kara diyA hai| manuSya ko hara pala yahI ciMtA rahatI hai ki kahIM yahA~ bama na ho, yaha vyakti kahIM AtaMkavAdI to nhiiN| vijJAna ne mAnava ko lahalahAte kheta aura gaganacumbI aTTAlikAe~ to dIM parantu unheM kucha hI pala meM zmazAna meM badalane vAle bhISaNa bama bhI diye| jinameM nAma - mAtra kI ahiMsA bhI dikhAI nahIM detI / ahiMsA rahita isI aNuzakti ke kAraNa hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI ko vizva mAnacitra se miTAne kA 'punIta' kArya huaa| bArUda kI Dhera para baiThe mAnava kI zakti-vilAsa na jAne kaba samasta vizva ko mahApralaya kI ora dhakela de| ye jagamagAte nagara, ye brahmANDa - vijaya kA abhiyAna, ye zakti aura

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62 CS zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 vaibhava ke abhiyAna, jarA-sI galatI banA sakate haiM nIrava shmshaan| kisI dArzanika ne ThIka hI kahA hogA hai ki 'unheM nahIM patA tRtIya vizva-yuddha kina astroM se lar3A jAyegA, para ve itanA jarUra kaha sakate haiM ki caturtha vizva yuddha avazya hI tIra, kamAna, bhAloM Adi se lar3A jaayegaa|' arthAt unake anusAra manuSya ne bhayaMkara aNubamoM kA AviSkAra kara diyA hai jisase tRtIya vizva yuddha ke daurAna mAnava sabhyatA pUrI taraha lupta ho jaayegii| usake bAda sabhyatA kA punarvikAsa prAraMbha hogaa| ataH manuSya ko yadi zAMti, sadbhAva, ekatA, bhAIcAre ke sAtha isa duniyAM meM rahanA hai to use vijJAna ke sAtha ahiMsA kA upayoga karanA hogA, anyathA patA nahIM bagaira ahiMsA ke vijJAna to rahegA para zAyada vijJAna ko samajhane, usake gUr3ha rahasyoM ko jAnane vAle tathA usase prabhAvita hone vAle raheM yA na rheN| yadi ahiMsA aura vijJAna meM samanvaya sambhava ho sakatA hai to hama apane prAcIna gaurava ko punaH prApta kara skeNge| jIo aura jIne do / vijJAna ke sAtha ahiMsA hone do||

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA ku0 nikitA copar3A' zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 pazcima ke eka prasiddha vicAraka ne varSoM pUrva kahA thA "AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai| ' jaise-jaise manuSya kI AvazyakatAaiM bar3hatI jAtI haiM, AvazyakatAoM kI pUrtI ke sAdhana bhI bar3hate jAte haiN| isa prakAra AvazyakatA va vijJAna eka-dUsare para Azrita haiN| AvazyakatA ke bagaira vijJAna kI kalpanA karanA asaMbhava hai| badalate vaizvika paridRzya meM vijJAna kA kSetra atyadhika vistRta ho gayA hai| sarva-suvidhAsampanna banAne ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke AviSkAroM kI prakriyA niraMtara calatI rahatI hai| vijJAna ke dvArA mAnavajAti kA kalyANa va vidhvaMsa donoM hI saMbhava hai / vijJAna ne eka tarapha kRSi, cikitsA, zikSA, manoraMjana, saMcAra, udyoga, aMtarikSa ityAdi ke kSetroM meM pragati unnati kI hai, vahIM dUsarI tarapha vidhvaMsakArI hathiyAroM ke nirmANa ke kAraNa sArI duniyA~ bArUda ke Dhera para najara AtI hai| basa eka choTI-sI ciMgArI kI jarUrata hai aura sArI duniyA~ pala bhara meM svAhA ho jaaegii| prakRti kA prathama AviSkAra mAnava caTTAnoM aura avazeSoM ke rUpa meM prakRti kI kokha meM jIvana ke vikAsa kI kahAnI aMkita hai| isako par3hane kA sAmarthya jinheM prApta haiM, ve kaha sakate haiM ki vikAsa kI zata- sahasra varSo kI prakriyA ke uparAMta mAnava zarIra kA nirmANa saMbhava huA hai| prakRti kI sampUrNa kRtiyoM meM sarvAdhika buddhimAna va samajhadAra kRti manuSya hai| manuSya ne jIvana ko sarala va sugama banAne ke lie vijJAna kA sahArA liyaa| Aja vaijJAnika AviSkAra apanI carama sImA para hai| prakRti ke niyamoM ko tAka para rakhakara nae zodha va khoja jArI haiN| mAnava jAti ke hita va ahita ko anadekhA karate hue AviSkAroM kI prakriyA satat jArI hai| sarvazreSTha banane kI hor3a meM manuSya jAti ne aise hathiyAra jamA kara rakhe haiM jinase pUrI pRthvI ko darjanoM bAra naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| akele amerikA ke pAsa itane vidhvaMsaka hathiyAra maujUda haiM jinase pUrI pRthvI ko kitanI bAra vinaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi tIsarA vizva yuddha chir3atA hai to usakI bhayAvahatA kA aMdAjA sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| agara aisA hotA hai to hiMsA ke tAMDava se eka bhI iMsAna achUtA nahIM raha sakatA aura saMbhava hai ki pRthvI para se jIvana kA nAmo-nizAna miTa jaae| Izvara na kare ki kabhI bhI tIsare vizva yuddha kI zuruAta ho / * dvArA- vimala TreDarsa, sadara bAjAra, rAjanAMdagA~va (chatIsagar3ha)

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: zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra sabhI vastuoM, jar3a aura cetana dono meM jIva hai| unake anusAra prANI mAtra ke prati mana, vacana, karma se saMyamapUrNa aura dayA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAnA caahie| kisI bhI jIva ko kabhI bhI hiMsA nahIM pahu~cAnI caahie| 64 bhAratIya jJAna - vijJAna ke manISiyoM ne kahA hai ki caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM ko bhogane ke bAda manuSya yoni prApta hotI hai / jIvana kI mUlabhUla ekatA prakRti kA eka tathya hai| vizvabaMdhutva kI bAta karanA isa tathya kA vyAvahArika rUpa hai| bauddhikatA mAnava kI viziSTatA hai, vaha manuSya ko vizleSaNa kI pravRtti pradAna karatI hai jisake dvArA vaha dRzyamAna jagat ke vaijJAnika adhyayana meM pravRtta hotA hai| sAtha hI vaha vyakti ko eka se aneka karane kA svabhAva pradAna karatI hai aura isI svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara manuSya hiMsaka ho jAtA hai aura vidhvaMsaka kArravAI kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise mahapuruSoM ne jana-jana ko yaha saMdeza diyA ki 'jIo aura jIne do|' ina mahApuruSoM kA jIvana ahiMsA se ota-prota thA / unake mana meM choTe se choTe jIva ke lie mana meM karuNA ke bhAva the| unhoMne sabhI ko yaha saMdeza diyA ki hara vyakti ahiMsAmaya hokara jIe to prANImAtra ko duHkha prApta na ho| para Aja ikkIsavIM sadI meM vijJAna ne itanI tarakkI kara lI hai ki sArA jIvana vaijJAnika yaMtroM ke Upara nirbhara ho gayA hai| para iMsAna teja raphtAra se jIne kA AdI ho gayA hai| Aja sonogrAphI va iMTaraneTa ne mAnava kA jIvana hI badala diyA hai| sonogrAphI ke jariye bhrUNahatyA dino dina bar3hatI jA rahI hai| jisako mA~ kahA jAtA hai, jise mamatA kI mUrti samajhA jAtA hai Aja vahI apanI mamatA ko bhUla gayI hai| sonogrAphI meM patA cala gayA ki lar3akI hai to eka aurata hI apanI kokha meM usakI hatyA karavA detI hai taba usake andara kI insAniyata haivAniyata meM badala jAtI hai, vaha itanI hiMsaka ho jAtI hai ki use kisI bhI cIja kA bhAna nahIM rahatA / kudarata ne aurata ko hI mAM banane kA darjA diyA hai para usI aurata ne Aja apane svarUpa ko virUpita kara liyA hai| apanI ijjata aura maryAdAeM bilkula bhUla gaI hai| Aja ke bhautika yuga meM jahAM manuSya ko vaijJAnika upakaraNoM kI AvazyakatA hai vahIM mAnava ko apane jIvana meM ahiMsA kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| Aja manuSya kA jIvana hiMsA ke sAdhanoM se jur3a gayA hai| isalie hara prANI azAMti kA jIvana jI rahA hai | ataH jIvana ko ahiMsA rUpI vijJAnazailI meM DhAlanA hogA tabhI jIvana meM zAMti kI sthApanA ho sakatI hai|

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA ku0 priyaMkA corar3iyA * ahiMsA kA upadeza hajAroM varSoM se cala rahA hai phira bhI ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM ho pA rahA hai, hiMsA bar3ha rahI hai| jaba-jaba ahiMsA ke bAre meM kucha kahA jAtA hai, ukta prazna ubhara kara sAmane AtA hai aura ahiMsA kA sUrya tarka ke bAdaloM meM chipa jAtA hai| ahiMsA kA upadeza bhI galata nahIM hai aura ahiMsA ke bAre meM pUchA jAne vAlA prazna bhI galata nahIM hai / ahiMsA kA siddhAMta jAnane ke lie upadeza jarurI hai aura ahiMsA prabhAvI nahIM bana rahI hai, yaha vicAra bhI dhyAna ko AkRSTa karane vAlA hai| Aja hama upadeza ke yuga meM nahIM jI rahe haiM, vaijJAnika yuga meM jI rahe haiN| vijJAna ke AviSkAra kevala siddhAMta ke AdhAra para nahIM hote / yadi vaijJAnika ke pAsa prayogazAlA na ho aura vaha prayoga na kara sake to vaha vaijJAnika- AviSkAra karane meM sakSama nahIM hogaa| lekina ahiMsAvAdI loga kevala upadeza taka sImita haiN| ve ahiMsA ke kSetra meM prayoga nahIM kara rahe haiM, isalie ahiMsA prabhAvI nahIM ho rahI hai| Aja vijJAna kA yuga hai / sarvatra vijJAna kI dundubhI baja rahI hai / Aja vijJAna ne mAnava ko itanA sazakta tathA prabhAvazAlI banA diyA hai ki vaha prakRti kI zaktiyoM ko cunautI dene ke lie udyata hai / Aja thala, nabha tathA jala para mAnava kA Adhipatya sthApita ho cukA hai| Aja dharatI se Upara uThakara vaha grahoM tathA nakSatroM taka pahuMcane kA saphala prayAsa kara rahA hai| nae-nae AviSkAra mAnava kI sukha-suvidhAoM meM niraMtara vRddhi kara rahe haiN| mAnava jina bAtoM kI kalpanA taka nahIM kara sakatA, Aja unhIM ko apanI AkhoM ke samakSa pratyakSa rUpa se dekha rahA hai| ataH vijJAna ke lie ahiMsA atyAvazyaka hai| jIvana kA aisA koI bhI kSetra zeSa nahIM hai, jahAM vijJAna ne apanA adhikAra nahIM jamAyA hai| yadi hamAre pUrvaja apanI kabroM se uThakara Aja ke vizva kA avalokana kareM to dAMtoM tale uMgalI dabAyeMge tathA soceMge ki aisA kisa prakAra saMbhava ho sakA hai? vijJAna ke prayoga tathA parIkSaNa hameM yathArtha kA bodha karA rahe haiN| Aja mAnava hara bAta ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasa kara dekhatA hai| * 'dvArA- zrI dagaDUlAla corar3iyA, po0 chIpAvar3a, khirakiyAM, jilA haradA ( ma0pra0)

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66 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 paramANu zakti bhI vijJAna kI eka mahAn dena hai| isake zubha evaM azubha donoM hI pakSa haiN| Aja isake mAdhyama se vinAzakArI astroM-zastroM kA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai, jo mAnava ke lie abhizApa hai| bijalI utpAdana tathA pahAr3oM ko kATane meM isa zakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ahiMsA eka anokhA zastra hai jo anyAyI, AtatAyI ko bhI jhukA sakatA hai bIsavIM sadI meM vizva ne eka adbhuta dRzya dekhaa| mahAtmA gA~dhI ne satya kA jhaNDA lekara ahiMsA kA zastra uThAyA aura jisake sAmrAjya meM kabhI sUryAsta nahIM hotA thA, aisI aMgreja hukUmata ke kabje se bhArata ko AjAda kraayaa| na to unhoMne topa hI dAgI aura na hI baMdUka claaii| vartamAna yuga to hiMsA kA yuga hI bana gayA hai| pUrva kAla meM to sirpha khAne ke lie aura manoraMjana ke lie zikAra Adi ke rUpa meM hiMsA hotI thI lekina Aja to vaijJAnika prayoga meM hiMsA caramotkarSa para hai| ataH vartamAna meM ahiMsA kA pracAra karanA atyanta Avazyaka ho gayA hai| ahiMsA mAtA ke samAna sukhadAyinI hai| Aja isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM vizva vitta ke pIche pAgala hai, use na to Atmika sukha-santoSa hai, na hI mAnasika shaanti| use yaha jIvana bahuta bhArayukta tathA kaThina lagane lagA hai| vaha jJAna, viveka, saMskAra cAritra tathA ahiMsA kA mUlamaMtra bhUla gayA hai, saMyama tathA ahiMsA kI sAdhanA usako kaThina lagane lagI hai| vaha yogI nahIM bhogI banane para utArU hai aura yahI bhogaliptatA use vinAza ke kagAra para le AyI hai| vartamAna pariveza meM ahiMsA hI yuga dharma hai| ahiMsA hI sarvanAza se bacane kI DhAla hai| ahiMsA hI jIvajagat ke lie prANavAyu hai aura vijJAna ke lie Avazyaka bhii| ahiMsA vaha mA~ hai jisakI goda meM baiThakara sArA jagat sukha zAMti kA anubhava kara sakatA hai para kheda hai Aja ahiMsA mAM kI goda meM koI baiThanA nahIM cAhatA hai| zAyada isIliye prakRti Aja rUThI hai aura mAnava parezAna hai| bhalA koI beTA mA~ ke A~cala kI upekSA kara sukhI huA hai| Aja apanA sukha dUsaroM kA duHkha bana rahA hai to dUsare kA sukha bhI AdamI ko duHkhI kiye hai aura yahI sabase bar3I hiMsA hai| ataH isase bacane ke lie aisA jIvana jiyA jAye ki dUsaroM ko kaSTa na ho aura paramAtmA ke sAmane eka prArthanA ye bhI kI jAye : "saba sukhI hoM, ye merI bhAvanA hai, ho na duHkha kisI ko, merI prArthanA hai terI bhAvanA prabhu, merI bhAvanA bane, isI prArthanA meM ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA hai|

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 67 jaina dharma kI nIMva ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA pAlana karate huye jIva AtmazAMti kA anubhava karatA hai| Aja mAnava svArthavaza, paisA kamAne kI hor3a meM sauMdarya prasAdhanoM, camar3e kI vastuoM, iMsaTenTa phuDa ke lie nae-nae hiMsaka mArga apanAkara hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM dvArA apanI paiTha jamAnA cAha rahA hai| isase vaha svayaM hiMsaka to bana hI rahA hai sAtha hI sAtha prakRti ke sAtha khilavAr3a bhI kara rahA hai| natIjana paryAvaraNa pradUSita ho rahA hai| vanya prANiyoM kI prajAtiyA~ vilupta ho rahI haiN| pAnI kI mahAmArI ho rahI hai| jalavAyu bhI pratikUla rukha apanA rahe haiN| hiMsA kisI bhI stara kI ho vaha varjanIya hai| ata: hameM apane soye viveka ko jAgRta karanA hai| hameM saiddhAMtika banakara siddhAMtoM kA pAlana karanA hai| jisase hama dharma ke rakSaka hone ke sAtha prakRti ke bhI rakSaka bneN| yahI Aja kI AvazyakatA hai| rAtri bhojana tyAga arthAt jaina dharma meM sUryAsta ke bAda khAnA khAnA vartya hai| rAtri ke samaya prakAza meM bhI na dikhane vAle sUkSma kITANu bhojya padArthoM meM girakara bhojana viSAkta banA dete haiN| isase hiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha pAcana vikRti bhI hotI hai| yahI bAta vijJAna kI vibhinna vidyA - necuropaithI, Ayurvedika, homyopaithika elopaithika bhI kahatI haiM ki khAnA jaldI khAkara kama se kama 3-4 ghaMTe jAgeM, ghuumeN| dera rAta meM khAne se pAcana zakti kamajora hotI hai, gaisa, kabja jaise roga hote haiN| ___Aja ahiMsA kA ujjvala rUpa dhUmila ho rahA hai| ahiMsA-prema yA maitrI ke alaukika sUrya ko Aja parigraha aura Asakti ke kAle meghoM ne ghera liyA hai| jaina dharma meM per3a ke patte ko tor3anA bhI hiMsA mAnA gayA hai| para Aja pUre jaMgala ke per3a kaTa rahe haiM aura per3a kama hone se samasyA khar3I ho rahI hai- akAla kii| per3a bhI jIvita cIja hai use kATanA hiMsA hai yaha Aja vijJAna ko mAnanA par3A hai, isalie vaha nArA lagA rahA hai- 'per3a lagAoM, per3a bcaao|' ata: yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vijJAna ke lie ahiMsA kitanI Avazyaka hai| hiMsA ke duSpariNAmoM se hameM avagata honA par3egA tabhI ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya phira isa dharA para sthApita ho skegaa| ahiMsA meM bahuta bar3I zakti hai| isase vizva meM sukha-zAnti kA sAmrAjya nirmANa ho sakatA hai| yaha sva-para kalyANaka hai| koI bhI dharma bacAne (ahiMsA) kA hI saMdeza detA hai na ki hiMsA arthAt mArane kaa| ahiMsA saba jIvoM ko sukha dene vAlI hai| isa vijJAna yuga meM hara zaktizAlI deza ke pAsa vizvasaMhAraka aNubama hai para vijJAna kI yaha besumAra pragati mAnava jAti ke hita meM nahIM hai| hama saba tabhI jI sakate haiM jaba hama dUsaroM ko jIne degeN| yahI bAteM agara vijJAna yA DaoNkTara batAye to hama usakA pAlana karate haiM to phira hama sIdhA hI ahiMsA kA pAlana kyoM na kareM? para marAThI meM kahAvata hai ki 'sonArAneca kAna TocAve laagtaat|'

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: zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 jIvana meM zAMti prApta karane ke lie eka mahAna sUtra mahAvIra ne diyA thaa| vaha sUtra hai- 'ahiMsA' + 'vijJAna' = mAnava jAti kA utthAna tathA ahiMsA - vijJAna = mAnava jAti kA vidhvNs|' kahane kA artha hai ki hamAre yahA~ para bhautika jJAna kI * avahelanA, upekSA nahIM kI gaI balki usake sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna ko bhI apanAne para jora diyA gyaa| 68 vaijJAnikoM ne siddha kara diyA hai ki pazuoM kI karuNa cItkAra se bhUkampa hone lage haiN| Aja bar3hatI hiMsA se prakRti kA svarUpa palaTa rahA hai| jagaha-jagaha bAr3ha Ane lagI hai| mahAmAriyA~ phailane lagI haiN| hiMsA kI itizrI aba honI caahiye| ataH ahiMsA vijJAna ke lie Avazyaka hai| saca to yaha hai ki sukha dekara hI sukha pAyA jA sakatA hai| yahI ahiMsA hai aura ahiMsAtmaka vyavahAra hI hai sukha kA rAjamArga / ataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI kitanI prAsaMgikatA hai|

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA zrImatI saroja golechA* mAnava sabhyatA ke prAdurbhAva se hI ahiMsA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| usa vakta mAnava saMskRti itanI vikasita avasthA meM nahIM thI, ataeva ahiMsA kA artha va dAyarA bhI bahuta sImita thA / usa samaya ahiMsA kA artha moTe rUpa meM eka manuSya kA anya manuSya ke sAtha zAMtipUrvaka nivAsa karanA hI mAnA jAtA thA / kintu Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM, jaba mAnava sabhyatA evaM saMskRti itanI vikasita ho calI hai aura hiMsA ke kaI rUpa ubhara kara sAmane Aye haiM, to ahiMsA kA artha va usakA dAyarA bhI vistRta ho gayA hai| Aja ke vijJAna yuga meM vyApta bhautikatA ne mAnava ke ApasI bhAvuka riztoM kI nIMva hilAkara hatyAyeM, lUTapATa, AtmahatyA, AtaMkavAda, tor3aphor3a, AgajanI ityAdi hiMsA ke kaI prakAroM ko janma diyA hai, jinameM trasta mAnava samAja ne ahiMsA ke mahattva aura ahiMsA kI AvazyakatAoM ko pahale se kahIM jyAdA aura pahale se kahIM vyApaka rUpa meM anubhava kiyA hai / 'ahiMsA paramoM dharma ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra, gautama buddha, mahAtmA gAMdhI kA udghoSa aba sImita dAyare se nikalakara vizva mAnava ke mana meM sthAna banA rahA hai| ahiMsA hI Aja ke yuga kI pramukha mAMga hai, kyoMki yaha jvAlAmukhI para baiThe vizva ko bacA sakatI hai| prAcInakAla meM kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara ahiMsA ke prayoga prAyaH vyaktigata huye haiM, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra, mahAtmA buddha, IsA masIha Adi mahApuruSoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA kA maMthana karake mahAtmA gAMdhI ne aneka sAmUhika prayoga kara btaaye| ataeva Aja ahiMsA kA sAmUhika prayoga kaThina nahIM hai| vijJAna Aja bar3I tejI se chalAMgeM mAra rahA hai aura isa kAraNa vizva atyaMta choTA bana gayA hai| vaijJAnika suvidhAoM ke kAraNa Aja eka deza kA mAnava dUsare deza ke mAnava se adhika dUra nahIM mAlUma hotA / ataeva ahiMsA kI gati bhI tIvra karanI hogii| ahiMsA aura vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhinnatA Aja ke yuga meM dharma kA prabhAva uttarottara kSINa hotA jA rahA hai| logoM meM nAstikatA ghara karatI jA rahI hai, isakA eka mAtra kAraNa hai vijJAna kI unnati / vijJAna kA prabhAva Aja vizvavyApI hai| Aja se do zatAbdI pUrva yaha dazA nahIM thI / dharmaparAyaNa * dvArA- pApulara buksa eNDa sTezanarI, jayastambha roDa, rAjanAMda gA~va (chatIsagar3ha)

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 janatA vijJAna aura vaijJAnikoM ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhatI thI, usakA vicAra thA vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna dhArmika graMthoM kI zikSA ke pratikUla hai tathA vijJAna se nAstikatA bar3hatI hai| Aja bhI kahIM-kahIM kucha aisI vicAradhArA janatA meM dRSTi gocara hotI hai| ahiMsA aura vijJAna donoM ne hI mAnava ke utthAna meM pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai | ahiMsA AMtarika sahayoga detI hai to vijJAna bAhya / ahiMsA mAnava kI mAnasika evaM Atmika unnata karatI hai to vijJAna bhautika unnati / ahiMsA se AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai to vijJAna se bauddhika evaM bhautika vikAsa / Aja manuSya ko bhautika sukha-zAMti kI jitanI AvazyakatA hai usase bhI adhika AvazyakatA hai mAnasika sukha-zAMti kI / manuSya kitanA hI dhanavAna ho, kitanA hI aizvarya sampanna aura samRddhivAna ho, paraMtu vaha bhI mAnasika zAMti ke liye bhaTakatA dekhA gayA hai| isI prakAra yadi manuSya samAja meM sAmAnya sthAna prApta karake jIvana yApana karatA hai, to use sAMsArika sukha-zAMti bhI Avazyaka hai| ataH saMsAra meM ahiMsA aura vijJAna donoM hI mAnava kalyANa ke liye Avazyaka tattva haiM aura hamezA rheNge| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki kisI kAla vizeSa meM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hogI, to kisI meM vijJAna kI / ahiMsA aura vijJAna kA pArasparika saMbaMdha ekAMgI unnati pUrNa unnati nahIM kI jaatii| manuSya kI sarvAMgINa unnati ke liye hRdaya aura buddhi kI samAnatA caahiye| korI bhAvukatA yA jJAna kI korI nIrasatA mAnava ta kA kalyANa nahIM kara sakatI / mAnava jAti ke samucita vikAsa ke liye hRdaya aura buddhi kA samanvaya caahiye| hRdaya arthAt ahiMsA va buddhi arthAt vijnyaan| jisa prakAra gRhastha jIvana ke strI aura puruSa do pahiye kahe jAte haiM, usI prakAra mAnava jIvana kI unnati ke do pahiye haiM- ahiMsA aura vijnyaan| donoM meM se kisI eka akele se gAr3I nahIM cala sktii| samAja ke sahRdaya tathA bhAvuka vyaktiyoM kI AnaMdamayI evaM lokahitakAriNI bhAvanAoM kI saMcita nidhi hI ahiMsA hai tathA samAja ke tArkika evaM buddhi pradhAna anveSakoM dvArA khoje hue camatkArika satyoM kA akSuNNa bhaMDAra hI vijJAna hai / mAnava samAja kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ahiMsA hai to bhautika vikAsa vijJAna | ahiMsA va vijJAna eka-dUsare para Azrita haiN| jisa prakAra binA AtmA zarIra kA aura binA zarIra AtmA kA koI astitva nahIM hotA, usI prakAra ahiMsA aura vijJAna parasparAvalambita haiN| donoM eka-dUsare kI pUraka zaktiyAM haiN| ahiMsA kA vikAsa mAnava samAja kI bhAvanAoM kA prasAra evaM pariSkAra karatA hai aura vijJAna mAnava jAti ko bhautika unnati kI ora agrasara karatA hai| ahiMsA mAnava jAti kI bhautika unnati meM sahAyaka nahIM hotI aura vijJAna manuSya kI AdhyAtmika evaM mAnasika unnati meM sahAyaka nahIM hotaa| bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke samanvaya se hI manuSya jAti 70 :

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 71 kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| kevala eka para Azrita rahane se manuSya eka pakSa kA hI ho jaayegaa| kucha vidvAn ahiMsA aura vijJAna ko nitAMta bhinna banAte haiN| hA~, ahiMsA aura vijJAna kA kSetra kucha bhinna avazya hai, kyoMki ahiMsA manuSya kI AdhyAtmika vRttiyoM kA pariNAma hai aura vijJAna jJAnAtmaka vRttiyoM kaa| ahiMsA kA sambandha Adarza se hai aura vijJAna kA sambandha yathArtha se| sAhitya ke kSetra meM kevala AdarzavAda yA kevala yathArthavAda hAsyAspada bana jAte haiM aura unase jIvana aura jagat kA koI kalyANa nahIM hotA hai| isaliye Adarza aura yathArtha kA sAmaMjasya hI vidvAn ko sammata hotA hai| sAhitya Adarzonmukha yathArthavAdI honA cAhiye, isI prakAra ahiMsA aura vijJAna ke sAmaMjasya se hI lokahita saMbhava ho sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI prakRti saMzleSNAtmaka hotI hai jabaki vijJAna kI vishlessnnaatmk| ahiMsA kA lakSya mAnava ke "sva" ko vistRta karake paramAnaMda prApta karanA hai jabaki vijJAna mAnava ke bhautika sukha ko apanA lakSya svIkAra karatA hai| vijJAna se vikAsa aura vinAza vijJAna kI tasvIra donoM taraha kI hai ujalI va mailii| isaliye ki usane hameM satya kI khoja kI eka vyavasthita, vizvasanIya aura tarkasaMgata paddhati dI hai, mailI isaliye ki usane manuSya ke hAtha meM vinAza ke naye aura khataranAka hathiyAra thamA diye haiM, jinase vaha apanA nukasAna to kara hI rahA hai; pRthvI aura prakRti ko bhI tahasanahasa karane para tulA hai| dharatI kI harI khola lagabhaga dhvasta ho cukI hai| ataH jagahajagaha marusthala sira uThAne lage haiN| vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM Aja vijJAna ke vikAsa ke caraNa bar3hate cale jA rahe haiM, usakA kAryakSetra aura karmakSetra AzAtIta vyApaka ho cukA hai| nita naye-naye AviSkAroM aura anusaMdhAnoM ne sacamuca mAnava jagat ko camatkRta kara rakhA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja hara eka deza, prAMta, nagara, gAMva aura eka samAja usa naye AviSkAroM ke sAtha Age bar3hane hetu lAlAyita hai| Aja kA zikSita aura azikSita samAja, na vaijJAnika sAdhana-prasAdhanoM se apane Apa ko alaga-thalaga kara sakatA hai aura na vaMcita hii| kyoMki pratyakSaM kiM pramANam ke anusAra Aja vijJAna kI aneka vizeSatAyeM pratyakSa ho cukI haiN| vijJAna kRta kArya-kalApoM kI acchI yA burI pratikriyA pratyakSa karane meM dera nahIM karatA hai| eka sekaMDa meM hajAroM-hajAra balboM meM vidyuta taraMge taraMgita hone lagatI haiN| AMkha kI palaka jhapakate hajAroM mIla dUrastha citra hI nahIM, sAkSAta gAyaka aura vaktA AMkhoM ke sAmane nAcate dikhane lagate haiN| hajAroM mIla dUra baiThe sambandhiyoM se TelIphona, mobAIla ke mAdhyama se bAteM ho rahI haiN| upagraha anaMta AkAza meM ur3Ane bhara rahA hai va usakA niyaMtA dharatI para baiThA-baiThA nirdezana kara rahA hai, niMyatraNa kakSa ko samhAleM baiThA hai| 20-25 kadama dUra baiThA mAnava rimoTa

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72 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 kaMTola ke mAdhyama se TI.vI.ko cAlU kara rahA aura baMda kara rahA, jabaki bIca meM koI mAdhyama nahIM hai| kaI vaijJAnika upakaraNa zarIra ke avayavoM ke sthAna para kAryarata haiN| Aja aise bhI yaMtra upalabdha haiM jo zArIrika saMtulana ko ThIka banAye rakhane meM sahAyatA karate haiM evaM halana-calana, kaMpana, spaMdana, dhar3akana gati ko batAne meM sakSama hai| vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para yaha patA cala jAtA hai ki khanija bhaMDAra-dhAtu, gaisa, rasAyana evaM tarala padArtha amuka dharatI ke garbha meM samAhita hai| Aja vijJAna ne itanI pragati kara lI hai ki zAyada hI koI aisA viSaya ho jo usake hAthoM se bacA ho| vijJAna ne pUrI pRthvI ko apane vaza me kara liyA hai aura aba isakI koziza AsamAna ko kabje meM karane kI hai| mAnava ne apane caraNa caMdra para rakha diye haiM, vijJAna eka aisI divya zakti hai, eka aisA camakatA tArA hai jisane manuSya ko sabhI prANiyoM se sarvazreSTha banA diyA hai| jisa prakAra hara cIja ke do pahalU hote haiM sakArAtmaka va nakArAtmaka usI prakAra vijJAna ke nakArAtmaka pahalU bhI hai| vijJAna ke sakArAtmaka pahaluoM ko hama dekha cuke, para vijJAna ke nakArAtmaka pahalU bhI haiM jisakA jimmedAra kevala mAnava hai| Aja ke isa vaijJAnika yuga kI pragati dekha evaM isake camatkArika AviSkAroM ko dekhakara yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki itanI sukha-samRddhi ke bAvajUda Aja bhI mAnava tanAva meM kyoM haiM? hamAre pAsa khAnA hai para bhUkha nahIM hai, hamAre pAsa kapar3e to haiM para sApha nahIM haiN| hamAre pAsa e0sI0 hai para sukuna kI nIMda nahIM hai, ina sabakA kAraNa kyA hai? vaijJAnika AviSkAroM meM sabase bar3A AviSkAra opena hiyara nAmaka vaijJAnika dvArA nirmita aNubama hai| agara sakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAe to aNu vidyuta banAne ke liye upayoga meM lAyA jAtA thaa| nyUkliyara padArtha yurA nAma se UrjA milatI hai, jisase bhArI mAtrA meM vidyuta utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai para nakArAtmaka pahalU para socA jAe to isa aNubama meM itanI zakti hai ki yaha aNubama vizva kA vinAza kara sakatA hai| hirozimA va nAgAzAkI para amarIkA dvArA aNubama visphoTa hama dekha va suna cuke haiM jisakA asara lagabhaga 60 varSoM bAda bhI hama dekha sakate haiN| Aja choTA deza bhI apanI vaijJAnika yogyatA ke AdhAra para bar3e se bar3e deza ko DarA-dhamakA rahA hai| pratyeka deza apanI hI ciMtA karatA hai na usako par3osI dezoM ke sAtha koI sahAnubhUti hai, na sNvednaa| vizva ke mahAn deza Aja apanI-apanI vaijJAnika upalabdhi ke AdhAra para eka-dUsare ke vinAza hetu kaTibaddha hai| vizva ke mAnava mAtra ko sAvadhAna karate hue kavi dinakara ne kahA hai sAvadhAna manuSya! yadi vijJAna ke talavAra to ise pheMka tajakara moha smRti ke paar|

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 73 ho cukA hai siddha hai tU zizu abhI ajJAna, phUla kAMToM kI tujhe kucha bhI nahIM phcaan| khela sakatA tU nahIM le hAtha meM talavAra kATa legA aMga tIkhI hai bar3I yaha dhaar| Aja hama dharma ko bhUla gaye haiN| logoM ki bhAvukatA ko Aja vijJAna kiM vajaha se Thesa pahuMcatI hai| vaijJAnika AviSkAroM ke kAraNa Aja hama hamArI saMskRti ko bhUlate jA rahe haiN| mAnava jo pahale pUrNatayA bhagavAna para AsthA rakhatA thA vaha aba nAstika banane lagA hai| vijJAna tarka para AdhArita hai aura ahiMsA zraddhA para, dharma para zraddhA na hone ke kAraNa mAnava dila ki jagaha dimAga se kAma le rahA hai| vaijJAnika pragati ke lie hama apanI saMskRti ke cihnoM ko miTAte cale jA rahe haiN| Aja ke yuga meM vijJAna ki lau prajvalita hai jabaki hameM ahiMsA kA bigula bajAnA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai vijJAna ke sAtha-sAtha ahiMsA kI jyoti prajjvalita karane kii| vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA dharma kI paribhASA kyA hai? isa para vivAda ho sakatA hai, kintu ahiMsA hI dharma ki AdhArazilA hai, manuSyatA kI AtmA hai - isa para koI vivAda nahI hai| aise to sabhI dharmo meM ahiMsA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai kintu jaina dharma ne ise parama dharma svIkAra karake vizva mAnava ko eka nayA mArga dikhAyA hai| kucha loga yaha socate haiM ki Aja ke vaijJAnika jIvana darzana meM ahiMsA ke liye koI sthAna nahIM hai, saca bAta to yaha hai ki Aja ke vaijJAnika bhautikavAdI jIvana darzana meM hI ahiMsA kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| hara yuga meM ahiMsA kA sarvAdhika mahattva rahA hai kintu usakA mahattva vijJAna ke yuga meM jitanA hai utanA kabhI nahIM thaa| vizva itihAsa meM pahalI bAra Aja sabhI deza eka-dUsare ke samIpa A gae haiM, AvAgamana ke druta sAdhanoM ke kAraNa vibhinna dezoM ke bIca kI sImA rekhAyeM TUTa gayI haiM lekina vaijJAnika jIvana darzana kI yaha viDambanA hai ki Aja do dezoM ke bIca kI dIvAreM to TUTa gayoM kintu manuSya-manuSya ke bIca meM dIvAreM khar3I ho gyiiN| bhAI-bhAI ke bIca pitA-putra ke bIca tathA guru-ziSya ke bIca nayI dIvAreM khar3I ho gayI haiN| ye dIvAre haiM-ghRNA kI, IrSyA kI, lAlaca kI, zatrutA kI, krodha tathA ajJAnatA kii| ina dIvAroM ko vijJAna nahIM tor3a sktaa| ina dIvAroM ko kevala ahiMsA kI vicAradhArA hI tor3a sakatI hai| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ke kAraNa buddhi kA itanA adhika vikAsa ho gayA ki hama caMdramA para pahaMcane tathA himAlaya kI UMcI-UMcI coTiyoM para car3hane meM saphala ho gaye haiM, kintu dUsarI ora hamArI AtmA kA itanA patana

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74 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 ho gayA hai ki hama apane par3osa meM nivAsa karane vAle kisI garIba bAlaka kI bhUkha kI karAha ko sunane meM asamartha haiN| eka ora buddhi kA asImita vikAsa huA hai to dUsarI ora AtmA tathA hRdaya kA asIma sNkucn| kisI vijJa ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki isa vaijJAnika yuga meM hamArI buddhi to ema0e0 kI kakSA meM pahuMca gayI hai kiMtu AtmA abhI bAla maMdira meM hI hai| buddhi aura AtmA kI isa dUrI ko vijJAna dUra nahIM kara sktaa| ise dUra kara sakatI hai kevala ahiMsA ki vicAradhArA / vijJAna ne hameM itanI tAkata dI hai ki hama vizva ko svarga banA sakate haiM, kintu isake viparIta hama vizva ko naraka banAne meM tule hue haiN| gAMdhI jI ko vizvAsa thA ki ahiMsA dharma, bhAvI vizva kA dharma bnegaa| vaijJAnika bhI kahate haiM ki ahiMsA hI vizva ko vinAza se bacA sakatI hai| samAja meM AdamI akelA nahIM rhtaa| usake Asa-pAsa aneka AdamI evaM jIva-jaMtu nivAsa karate haiN| una sabako isa vizva meM usI prakAra jIne kA adhikAra hai, jisa prakAra hameM hai| vibhinna svabhAva aura vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke bIca hameM samAja meM jIvana yApana karanA par3atA hai isake liye hamAre pAsa sabase bar3I zakti hai - sahanazakti aura yaha sahanazIlatA ahiMsA se hI utpanna hotI hai jisakI Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga ko sarvAdhika jarUrata hai| manuSyoM ke bIca vicAradhArAoM va vizvAsoM kA matabheda ho sakatA hai / kintu iMsAniyata meM to koI matabheda nahIM ho sakatA / ahiMsA hameM isI iMsAniyata va sahanazakti utpanna karane kI zikSA detI hai| ahiMsA kI atyaMta sUkSma paribhASA haiM vastutaH manuSyatA kI samasta gatiyAM ahiMsA meM vyApta hotI haiN| ahiMsA hI manuSyatA hai, ahiMsA hI dharmoM kA sAra hai, ahiMsA meM mAnavatA kI garimA hai| saMskRti kI garimA bhI ahiMsA se utpanna huI hai| hiMsA pazutA hai aura ahiMsA manuSyatA / pazu apane matabhedoM kA hiMsA se arthAt nakha, dAMta aura sIMga se nipaTArA karatA hai / pazu se UMcA prANI hone ke nAte AdamI kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha apane bIca ke matabhedoM ko ahiMsA se hala kare / ahiMsA hI isa vaijJAnika yuga ko naI zakti aura jyoti degii| ahiMsA vijJAna virodhI nahIM, varan vijJAna ko pUrNatA pradAna karatI hai| ahiMsA hI buddhi aura AtmA ekatA lAtI hai isaliye ahiMsA ko vijJAna ke kSetra kI AzA- kiraNa kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki ahiMsA aura vijJAna eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, virodhI nhiiN| akelI ahiMsA apUrNa hai aura akelA vijJAna bhI apUrNa hai| hRdaya pakSa arthAt ahiMsA va buddhi pakSa arthAt vijJAna donoM ke samanvaya se hI mAnava buddhi kA pariSkAra saMbhava hai| isake saMtulita nIMva para hI mAnava kalyANa kA bhavya prAsAda bana sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ke pAsa ahiMsA rUpI bhAvanAtmaka, udAra aura komala hRdaya

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 75 hoM, to nizcita hI vijJAna mAnava jAti kA zatru na banakara mitra bana jaayegaa| ataH vizva kalyANa ke liye nitAMta Avazyaka hai ki vijJAna aura ahiMsA meM sAmaMjasya sthApita ho tathA donoM eka-dUsare ke sahacara hoN| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI kahA hai - 'vijJAna varadAna tabhI siddha ho sakatA hai, jaba ahiMsA ke sAtha usakI sagAI ho|' isa akhaNDa brahmANDa meM ahiMsA bhagavatI hI bhayabhItoM kA zaraNa hai, pakSiyoM kA paMkha hai, pyAsoM kA pAnI hai, bhUkhoM kA aMta hai, samudra yAtriyoM kA pota hai aura vana yAtriyoM ke liye sArtha hai" - bhagavAna mahAvIra 'nahIM ahiMsA kAyaratA hai vaha hai aMta:zaurya udaan| dharA svarga hotI hai isase, hotA svarNita navala vihaan| vijJAna se hiMsA, aura ahiMsA poSaNa hai jana-jana kA prANa binA ahiMsA huA na hogA, pIr3ita mAnavatA kA traann| upAdhyAya amaramuni -

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA zrImatI kamalinI bokariyA sRSTi ke Adi se hI manuSya ke mana meM yaha jijJAsA rahI hai ki mere Asa-pAsa jo jagat hai, usameM kitanI vividhatA hai| isakA avalokana karate samaya mana se prazna uThatA hai yaha sRSTi kisane banAI? kyoM banAI? sRSTi ke krama meM sRjana aura vinAza dikhatA hai| koI janmatA hai, panapatA hai,maratA hai| koI panapane se pahale hI mara jAtA hai| aisA kyoM hai? kaise hai? anekoM ulajhaneM haiN| ina praznoM ke uttara khojane kA prayAsa vijJAna ne kiyA aura darzana ne bhI kiyaa| saMsAra ke maulika pakSoM ke mUla meM vijJAna aura AdhyAtmikatA donoM ko prazraya milaa| lekina donoM eka-dUsare ke binA adhUre haiM, kyoMki Aja kA vijJAna pragatipatha para agrasara hote hue bhI sRSTikrama tathA manuSya ke kAryakalApoM kI hara taha taka nahIM pahu~ca pAyA hai| manuSya kA mana eka caMcala pavana ke samAna hai, usakI aTakheliyoM ko khojane kA, parakhane kA tathA mor3ane kA prayAsa AdhyAtmikatA ne kiyaa| Aja jo samAja itanI saMkaTapUrNa dazA meM phaMsA hai, usakA kAraNa hai ki vaha 'zahara para gherA DAlane' yA senA ko vyavasthita karane ke viSaya meM saba kucha jAnatA hai aura jIvana ke mUlyoM, jIvana kA darzana tathA dharma ke praznoM ke bAre meM nizcinta banA huA hai| saMyama, paraMparA, kAnUna saba zithila ho gae haiN| jo zatAbdiyoM se logoM ke AcaraNa kA nirdezana aura anuzAsana karane meM samartha the, Aja khatma ho gaye haiN| yaha samAja galataphahamiyoM, kaTutAoM aura saMgharSoM se vidIrNa ho gayA hai| sArA vAtAvaraNa saMdeza, anizcitatA aura bhaviSya ke atyadhika bhaya se bharA hai| hamArA janajIvana bar3hate hue kaSToM, Arthika daridratA kI tIvratA, abhUtapUrva paimAne para hone vAle yuddha, guTabAjI, guMDA-gardI tathA uccapadasthoM ke matabheda, hiMsAcAra se zaktihIna banatA najara A rahA hai| parivartana to jIvana kA sthAyI bhAva hai| sRSTi-krama meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai| Aja kA bhautika jIvana jo vijJAna kA sahArA lekara cala rahA hai vaha gatizIla banA huA hai| vijJAna vaha prakriyA hai jo avalokana, parikSaNa vargIkaraNa Adi staroM se gujaratA hai| vaijJAnika tathyoM se mela khAnevAlA, tArkika aura buddhisAdhya satya hI * dvArA- varddhamAna TreDarsa, sImenTa kArnara, mAlIvesa, bIDa (mahArASTra)- 431122

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA vastutaH satya hai| binA kisI pUrvadhAraNA ke isa satya ko aMgIkAra karanA caahie| vijJAnaniSThA koI 20vIM zatAbdI kI dharohara nahIM hai| vaijJAnika vRtti kA UhApoha prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM bhI milatA hai, 'buddhi: pUrvAH vAkya kRtirvedaH / ' veda vAkya isalie pramANa hai kyoMki unakI racanA buddhipUrvaka vaijJAnika DhaMga se kI gaI hai| manu kahate haiM "yastarkeNa anusaMdhate sa dharmAma vedanetara' jo tarka se vaijJAnika uhApoha se, anusaMdhAna karatA hai vaha hI kevala dharma ko jAna sakatA hai| AcArya cANakya bhI kahate haiM 'vijJAnena AtmA sampAdayeta' arthAt sacce vijJAna se hI AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai| saMsAra meM jisa tattva kI mImAMsA karanI hai vaha tattva 'satya' hai| satya aura kevala satya kI upalabdhi hI jJAna kA dhyeya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to 'jJAnena muktiH ' yaha jJAnopalabdhi hI mokSa hai| vijJAna aura dharma ko mAnavIya jIvana meM jaba taka ekadUsare se bhinna nahIM samajhA gayA taba taka aneka vidvAnoM ne (caraka, varAhamihIra, AryabhaTTa, bhAskarAcArya, kaNAda, jaiminI, bhAradvAja) janma liyA / sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA kauzala isa dharatI ko gauravAnvita karate rhe| lekina vaijJAnika dharmarUpI sUrya chipa gayA aura logoM ne ajJAna aMdhakAra ko dUra karane ke lie taraha-taraha ke dhArmika dIpaka jalAnA zurU kara diyaa| phira bhI aMdhakAra naSTa nahIM huA / vijJAna aura ahiMsA meM avarodha panapane lgaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai?, rAgadINamaNuppAo, ahiMsAkattaM tti desiyaM samae / 2 tesiM ce uppattI, hiMsetti jiNehi NidiThThA / / ' 77 arthAt rAga Adi kI anutpatti ahiMsA hai aura unakI (rAga-dveSAdi) utpatti hiMsA | vijJAna ne nae-nae AviSkAra kie| udezya to unakA sevA-suvidhA kA thA, paraMtu ahiMsA ke saMskAra ke abhAva meM vaijJAnika AviSkAroM kA durupayoga hone lgaa| Aja jeneTika iMjIniyariMga kI sahAyatA se maoNDiphAiDa phuDa arthAt AnuvAMzikI saMzodhita khAdyapadArtha banAye jA rahe haiN| matalaba zAkAhArI khAdya padArthoM meM jantuoM ke

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78 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 jIna praviSTa karAye jA rahe haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para kaha sakate haiM ki kAkaroca kA jIna TamATara meM, laukI meM, kakar3I meM; machalI kA jIna pyAja meM praveza karAkara vijJAna eka nayA saMzodhana kara rahA hai, jo ki ahiMsaka zAkAhArI khAdya padArthoM ke lie cunautI hai| vijJAna bhI zAkAhAra ko uttama AhAra-zreNI meM pratiSThita karatA hai phira hiMsAtmaka ghAlamela kyoM? vanaspati para bhI AkramaNa ho rahA hai| vanaspati apane Apa meM svayaM pUrNa hai isaliye jAnavaroM aura jIna ke jaMtuoM ko vanaspati meM saMkramita karanA ahiMsA kI dRSTi se anucita hai| __ hiMsA para AdhArita anna kA prayoga hamAre rojamarrA jIvana meM Ama hote jA rahe haiN| namaka meM AyoDina milAyA jAtA hai jo bUcar3akhAne se prApta jAnavaroM ke thaoNyaraoNIDa granthi kA strAva hai| sarakAra ne bhI AyoDIna milAnA anivArya banA diyaa| breDa, biskiTsa, keka, AisakrIma Adi meM aMDe tathA jileTina milAyA jAtA hai| ghI tela meM carbI milAI jAtI hai| cA~dI kA baraka banAne meM baila kA camar3A upayoga meM AtA hai| bhrAmaka vijJApana ke cakkara meM phaMsakara manuSya apanA peTa kabristAna banA rahA hai| ahiMsA ko mAnanevAle logoM ko jIvanAvazyaka cIjeM kharIdate samaya gaveSaNA karanI cAhie ki kahIM usameM jAnavaroM ke avayavoM kI milAvaTa to nahIM hai? hoTala meM khAnA tathA bAhara banI cIjeM kharIdane kI pravRtti kama krnaa| rAtri-bhojana kA tyAga to vijJAna bhI mAnatA hai| __mAMsAhAra ko adhika proTInsayukta batAkara sAmiSa bhojana kA pracAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha galata hai| hAthI zAkAhArI prANI hai| ghor3A bhI zAkAhArI hai| mazInoM kI tAkada ko Aja bhI haoNrsa pAvara se ginA jAtA hai| (vijJAna) meDikala sAinsa bhI kahatA hai ki zAkAhArI padArthoM meM vasA kI mAtrA kama hotI hai| isa kAraNa ucca raktacApa tathA hRdayAghAta kI saMbhAvanA nyUnatama rahatI hai| 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' kahakara jaina dharma meM ise mAnavIya kRtyoM meM sarvazreSTha sthAna diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai 'tuMga na maMdarAo, AgasAo visAlayaM ntthi| jaha taha yiMmi jANusu, dhammama hiMsAsamaM ntthi||' arthAt jaise jagat meM meru parvata se U~cA aura AkAza se vizAla anya kucha nahIM hai, vaise hI ahiMsA ke samAna koI dharma nahIM hai| kyoMki ahiMsA kA mUla rahasya hara jIva ko apane jaisA samajhane meM hai| jaise hame koI vedanA priya nahIM lagatI vaise hI koI bhI jIva duHkha ko priya nahIM smjhtaa| ahiMsA to manuSya kA svabhAva hai|

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 79 manusmRti meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai- jo kArya tumhe pasanda nahIM hai, vaha kArya dUsaroM ke lie kabhI mata kro| 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na smaacret'| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, pavitratA, iMdriyA-nigraha ye aise dharma haiM jo cAro vargoM ke lie anivArya haiN| pahale vizva meM tIna hI roga the- icchA, bhUkha aura jarA, kintu pazuvadha prArambha hone para sattAnave naye roga paidA ho gye| zatru ko mitra banAnA, dAnava ko mAnava banAnA aura ajJAnI ko jJAnI banAnA yaha ahiMsA kI sadbhAvanA vRtti se sambhava hai| hiMsA se utpanna ghAva para sneha kA marahama aura dayA kI paTTI lagAo, aisA lAotse kA kathana hai| ahiMsA kA mUla AdhAra samatA hai| samatA se AtmasAmya kI dRSTi prApta hotI hai| vijJAna bhI to samatA hI sikhAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki bahuta se prANiyoM kI zarIra racanA samAna hai| zarIra meM samAnatA hai, AtmA meM samAnatA hai to hanana kisakA kareM? kyoM kareM? aura kaise kareM? jaina darzana eka vaijJAnika darzana hai isameM koI saMdeha nhii| jaina darzana kI mAnyatAe~ Adhunika vijJAna ke samAna vyAvahArika evaM tarkasaMgata haiN| darzana mAnava mUlyoM kI rakSA karatA hai tathA vijJAna jIvana ko gatizIlatA pradAna karatA hai| Aja vijJAna ke sahayoga se manuSya ne gatizIlatA ko pAyA hai parantu mAnavIya mUlyoM kI saMkalpanA ko najaraaMdAja kara diyA gayA hai| phalataH usake jIvana meM vivekazUnyatA pazutA Adi jaise bhAvoM kA bolabAlA ho gayA hai| ataH eka susampanna aura vikasita rASTra ke lie vijJAna aura darzana ko sAtha-sAtha lekara calanA hogA tabhI sahI mAne meM vikAsa sambhava hai| vijJAna aura dharma donoM hamAre jIvana ke lie upayogI haiN| vijJAna kI do vidhAe~ haiM- eka to hai prayogadharmitA aura dUsarA hai vikasita tkniik| siddhAntAnusAra prayoga karake niSkarSa para pahu~cane kA ravaiyA vijJAna kA hai| yaha vaijJAnika vikAsa ke lie upayukta hai tAki aMdhazraddhA ko avasara na mile| takanIkI vikAsa se jo sAdhana upalabdha hue unase jIvana sukha-suvidhA se bharapUra hai| lekina mAnasika zAnti anupalabdha hai| vijJAna aura dharma ke tattva eka-dUsare ke virodhI nahIM, apitu pUraka haiN| vijJAna paramparAgata dhArmika aMdhavizvAsoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa karatA hai to dharma bhogavAda ko niyaMtrita karatA hai| vijJAna prayogadharmI hai to dharma AsthA ko mAnatA hai| dharma ke tattva mAnasika rogoM tathA kuNThAoM meM sahaja cikitsA karate haiN| vijJAna ke kAraNa sAdhanoM kA avalaMbana panapatA hai to dharma sva ko vikasita karatA hai| vijJAna ne apane AviSkAroM ko mAnava kI bhalAI ke lie usake samakSa rakhA, lekina vijJAna ke isa jJAna kA upayoga aNubama, paramANu bama, hAiDrojana bama, rAsAyanika hathiyAra (esiDa, pAvaDara) nakSatra yuddha jaise bhISaNatama evaM saMhAraka astra

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80 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 ke rUpa meM honA prAraMbha huaa| yadi yaha upayojana ahiMsA ke bhAva para AdhArita hotA to pariNAma dUsarA hotaa| niHsaMdeha vijJAna kI isa upalabdhi kA durupayoga vivekazUnyatA kA pariNAma hai| hamaloga isakA doSa vijJAna para dete haiN| agara vijJAna naitika mUlyoM kA sahArA le aura apanI vivekazIlatA ko jAgRta banAe rakhe to mAnava digbhramita hone se baca jaae| eka susaMskRta aura zAnta samAja kI sthApanA hogI, 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI ukti caritArtha hogii| jaina darzana meM mAnya siddhAnta ahiMsA ke pariprekSya meM vijJAna ko dekhane kI AvazyakatA hai| ahiMsA-ahiMsA zabda ko raTa lene mAtra se ahiMsA kA saMskAra nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA tattva kI jo sAmAjika upAdeyatA hai use jAnanA Avazyaka hai| jo bAta yA kRti mujhe apane lie pasaMda nahIM, vaha maiM dUsaroM ke bAre meM na karU~ yaha vicAra jarUrI hai| saba AtmAe~ samAna haiN| jisa prakAra hama jInA cAhate haiM usI prakAra sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiN| ina prakriyAoM ko vaijJAnika DhaMga se samajha kara prayoga meM lAne kI AvazyakatA hai| vijJAna kI prAyogikatA para hiMsA kA Aropa hogA lekina vaha saMkalpI hiMsA hai yA nahIM ise dekhanA jarUrI hai| vijJAna kA uddezya satya ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnane kA hai aura ahiMsA satya meM jIne kI koziza haiN| tattvajJAna aura vijJAna donoM bhI samAja ke lie samAna hitakara haiM, yadi donoM kA upayoga vivekapUrvaka kiyA jaae| vijJAna aura dharma donoM bhI jIvana rUpI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| inheM alaga-alaga karake dekhanA nizcita hI vinAzaka hogaa| saMdarbha : 1. sunaMdA kumAra kA Alekha- 'vartamAna saMdarbha meM buddha ke darzana kI prAsaMgikatA', dArzanika traimAsika, janavarI-mArca 2001 2. samaNasuttaM, 153 3. zarmA, sureMdrakumArajI kA Alekha- 'zAkAhAra meM mAMsAhArA kA ghAlamela' rAjasthAna patrikA 4/10/03, samyagdarzana, navambara 03

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA chaila siMha rAThauDa* darzana kI sabhI (cArvAka ko choDakara) zAkhAoM meM ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM paMcavrata ke antargata ahiMsA ko pradhAnatA prApta hai - pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| tattvArthasUtra pramAda ke yoga se prANoM ko naSTa karanA hiMsA hai aura usa hiMsA se virata honA hI ahiMsA nAmaka vrata hai| jaina dharma-darzana kA mUlamantra rahA hai - vicAroM meM anekAnta aura AcAra meM ahiNsaa| ahiMsA mAnava jAti ke abhyudaya kA sarvotkRSTa sAdhana hai| abhyudaya ke sAtha niHzreyasa kA bhI Adi aura antima sAdhana ahiMsA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke adyatana vikAsa taka, jo sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta eka svara se sarAhanIya hai vaha hai- 'ahiNsaa'| ahiMsA hamArA rASTradharma hai, saMskRti hai, darzana hai aura loka jIvana ko sukhI banAne kA eka zAzvata mantra hai| 'vividhaM jJAnaM vijnyaanm|' takanIkI tathA Adhunika vijJAna kI samasta zAkhAyeM . vijJAna meM hI samAhita haiN| vijJAna kI zakti do prakAra kI hai : 1. racanAtmaka zakti 2. vidhvaMsAtmaka zakti vijJAna, ahiMsA ko sAdhana banAkara athavA sAdhya banAkara racanAtmaka zakti se mAnava sabhyatA ko samRddha banAye yahI usakA lakSya honA caahie| yadi vijJAna hiMsA ko sAdhana banA le to usakI vidhvaMsAtmaka zakti hirozimA aura nAgAzAkI jaise pariNAmoM meM pariNata hotI huI pratIta hogii| manuSya kI apanI sImAyeM haiN| vaha jagat kI sarjanA nahIM kara sakatA hai| yadi vaha jagat kI sRSTi nahIM kara sakatA to hiMsA ko sAdhana banAkara jagat kA vidhvaMsa karane kA use adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| ahiMsA bhAratIya cintanadhArA kI eka mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA aura bhAratIya jIvana-zailI kA eka viziSTa mUlya hai| ahiMsA 'jIvana kI ekatA kA siddhAnta' hai| jo *943, kegala hAusa, gAdhIpurA, galI naM0 5, bI0je0esa0 kAlonI, jodhapura

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82 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 jIvana kisI eka prANI ke bhItara hai vahI dUsare prANI meM bhI vidyamAna hai| sabake bhItara eka hI jIvana vyApta hai, taba dUsare ko duHkha denA vastutaH svayaM ko hI duHkha denA hai| ataH isa duHkha se bacane ke lie ahiMsA anivArya hai| vastuoM kA svarUpa dekhane ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina do dRSTiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| vyavahAra-dRSTi vastu kA bAhya svarUpa dekhatI hai aura nizcaya-dRSTi usakA Antarika svruup| vyavahAra-dRSTi meM laukika vyavahAra kI pramukhatA hotI hai aura nizcaya-dRSTi meM vastusthiti kii| vyavahAra-dRSTi ke anusAra prANavadha hiMsA hai aura prANavadha nahIM honA, ahiMsA hai| 'hamArA vaijJAnika jJAna bar3hegA usake anusAra hamArA ahiMsA kA A~kalana bhI bar3hanA cAhie aura usake anusAra AcAra dharma meM sUkSmatA bhI AnI caahie| sAthasAtha agara anubhava se koI bAta galata sAbita huI to purAne AdhAra dharma badalane bhI caahie| ahiMsA dharma rUr3hidharma nahIM hai| vaha vaijJAnika dharma hai| vijJAna ke dvArA jaisejaise hamArA jIvana-vijJAna, prANivijJAna bar3hegA vaise-vaise hamArA ahiMsA kA AcAra dharma bhI adhikAdhika sUkSma bnegaa| viziSTa prANI meM yA vastu meM jIva hai yA nahIM, usakI khoja to honI hI caahie| jaina tIrthaMkara aura AcArya ke jIva-sRSTi kA vijJAna jahA~ taka bar3hA thA usake anusAra unhoMne ahiMsaka dharma kA AcAra dharma kaisA hotA hai, yaha btaayaa| ve loga apane jamAne ke vijJAnaniSTha the|' ahiMsA jaina dharma kA eka mukhya AcAra hai| isakA AdhyAtmika mUlya to hai para Aja vijJAna ne bhI isa siddhAnta para upayogitA kI muhara lagA dI hai| vartamAna samaya meM ahiMsA kA artha kevala pAralaukika hI nahIM raha gayA, apitu pratyakSa jIvana ke sAtha usakA gaharA artha samajha meM Ane lagA hai| Aja vijJAna pRthvI Adi bhUtoM ke upayoga ke bAre meM jisa dRSTi se vicAra karane lagA hai usase jaina dharma kI ahiMsA ko eka nayA AyAma milA hai| yadyapi jaina dharma jahA~ prANavinAza kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para vicAra karatA hai vahA~ vijJAna usa para pradUSaNa kI dRSTi se vicAra kara rahA hai| jaina dharma jahA~ prANimAtra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para vicAra karatA hai vahA~ vijJAna kevala manuSya kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai| kintu parimANa kI dRSTi se donoM eka hI kendra para Akara mila jAte haiN| mahAtmA gA~dhI ne ahiMsA kA artha batAte hue kahA hai - 'aisI hiMsA jisameM yuddha to hotA hai, parantu hathiyAroM se nahIM acchAI-burAI se hotA hai, jisameM manuSya mRtyu ko nahIM eka navIna janma prApta hotA hai, ahiMsA kahalAtI hai| gA~dhIjI ke anusAra hiMsA pazu kI aura ahiMsA mAnava kI pahacAna hai|

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 83 hiMsA tathA ahiMsA - virodhAbhAsI hiMsA aura ahiMsA meM usI prakAra antara hai jisa prakAra viSa tathA amRta meN| eka kA kArya mRtyu hai to dUsare kA kArya amaratA hai| ThIka isI prakAra hiMsA aura ahiMsA meM eka kA kArya mAra-kATa hai to dUsare kA kArya zAnti kA prayAsa hai| hiMsA dvArA kisI prANI ko pratAr3ita karane ke pazcAt kArya jabarana karAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu ahiMsA dvArA usakI bhAvanA hI badala jAtI hai aura vahI kArya vaha saharSa karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA eka aisA zastra hai jisameM zakti kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hai tathA jisake dvArA prANiyoM kI mukti sambhava hai| mahAvIra ke anusAra zatru ko hiMsA se nahIM varan ahiMsA se jItanA cAhie jisase usakI bhAvanA tumhAre prati kuNThita na hokara prema kA rUpa dhAraNa kara le| ahiMsA eka aisA zastra hai jo yuddhabhUmi ko Apasa ke prema meM badala detA hai| ahiMsA hI vaha mAdhyama hai jo zAnti ke rAste ko batalAtA hai,ahiMsA kA zastra jisake pAsa hai vaha vAstava meM zaktizAlI hai, isa zastra ke pAsa hone se aTUTa AtmavizvAsa kA saMcAra hotA hai| siddhAntAcArya paNDita kailAzacandra ke anusAra 'ahiMsA hI paramadharma hai| ahiMsA hI paramabrahma hai| ahiMsA hI sukha-zAnti dene vAlI hai, ahiMsA hI saMsAra kA trANa karane vAlI hai| yahI mAnava kA saccA dharma hai, yahI mAnava kA saccA karma hai| yahI vIroM kA saccA bAnA hai, yahI dhIroM kI prabala nizAnI hai| isake binA na mAnava kI zobhA hai na hI usakI zAna hai| mAnava aura dAnava meM kevala ahiMsA aura hiMsA kA hI to antara hai| hiMsA dAnavI hai aura ahiMsA maanvii| jaba se mAnava ne ahiMsA ko bhulA diyA tabhI se vaha dAnava hotA jA rahA hai aura usakI dAnavatA kA abhizApa isa vizva ko bhoganA par3a rahA hai phira bhI mAnava isa satya ko nahIM smjhtaa| kintu vaha dina dUra nahIM jaba mAnava saMsAra use samajhegA, kyoMki usake kaSToM kA dUsarA ilAja nahIM hai|". __ mana meM prazna uThatA hai ki jaba ahiMsA vartamAna yuga ke lie itanI anivArya hai taba isakA pAlana ho kyoM nahIM ho pAtA? duniyA~ kI bAta chor3adeMto bhArata meM bhI, prAgvaidika kAla se isakI sudIrgha paramparA hone ke bAvajUda yahA~ ke loga isakA pAlana nahIM kara pA rahe haiM - Akhira kyoM? uttara hogA - isalie ahiMsA ko kevala bAhya nIti samajha kara AcaraNa bhara meM utArane kI koziza kI jAtI hai,sampUrNa vyaktitva kA hissA nahIM banAyA jaataa| sampUrNa vyaktitvakA hissAAtmabodha se bana sakatA hai| jabaAtmAnubhava hotA hai to bAhara ahiMsA prasphuTita hotI hai| jisa prakAra prakAza jalAne se andherA dara ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmajJAna se hiMsA naSTa ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA hiMsA kA abhAva

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84 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 hai isalie svayaM ke sAkSAtkAra ke dvArA hiMsA mAtra ke naSTa ho jAne para ahiMsA apane Apa pratiphalita ho jAtI hai| ahiMsA kA yaha pratiphalana jitanA zIghra hogA vizva meM zAnti, sahiSNutA aura surakSA utanI hI jaldI sthApita hogii| vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA AhAra aura aparAdha jaina AcAryoM ne jisa prakAra AhAra kA vidhAna kiyA hai vaha pUrNataH vaijJAnika hai / usameM ahiMsA kI to pradhAnatA hai hI, kyoMki ahiMsA ke binA to jaina dharma yA jaina darzana kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| AcArya samaMtabhadra svAmI ne zrAvaka ke ATha mUlaguNoM kA varNana karate hue 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' meM kahA hai madyamAsamudhatyAgaiH sahANuvrata paMcakam / aSTau mUlaguNAnAddurgRhiNAM zramaNottamAH ||3/20 sAtvika bhojana se mastiSka meM saMdamaka taMtrikA saMcAraka (nyUro inahIbITarI TrAnsamITarsa) utpanna hote haiM jinase mastiSka zAnta rahatA hai| vahIM asAtvika (proTIna) bhojana se uttejaka taMtrikA saMcAraka (nyUro eksAiTeTarI TrAnsamITarsa) utpanna hote haiM jisase mastiSka azAnta hotA hai|" gAya, bakarI, bher3a Adi zAkAharI jantuoM meM siroTonina kI adhikatA ke kAraNa hI usameM zAnta pravRttiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM jabaki mA~sAhArI jantuoM jaise zera Adi meM siroTonina ke abhAva se unameM adhika uttejanA, azAnti evaM caMcalatA pAyI jAtI hai| mastiSka meM siroTonina kA stara kama hote hI vyakti AkrAmaka aura krUra ho jAtA hai| AhAra aura jala samasyA jaina dharma kI dRSTi se jala eka sajIva tattva hai| eka to vaha svayaM sajIva tattva hai usameM apkAya ke sthAvara jIva pAye jAte haiM tathA dUsare usake Azraya meM vanaspatikAya ke sthAvara tathA sakAya ke jIva palate haiN| jala pradUSaNa se apkAya kI hiMsA hotI hai| prAkRtika yA anya srotoM se utpanna avAMchita bAharI padArthoM ke kAraNa jala dUSita ho jAtA hai, vaha viSAktatA evaM sAmAnya stara se kama oNksIjana ke kAraNa jIvoM ke lie hAnikAraka ho jAtA hai tathA saMkrAmaka rogoM ko phailAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jaina darzana meM jala kI upayogitA aura mahattva para bahuta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jIvana hai, amRta hai, roganAzaka hai aura Ayuvardhaka hai| jala ko dUSita karanA pApa

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 85 mAnA gayA hai| yaha manuSya ko jIvana-zakti pradAna karatA hai| jala zaktivardhaka aura roganAzaka hai| kITanAzaka aura kIr3oM kA mahattva pratyeka jIva kI taraha kIr3oM kA bhI bahuta mahattva hotA hai| vizva ke bahuta se phUloM ke parAgakaNa meM kIr3oM kA mukhya yogadAna hai arthAt per3a-paudhoM ke bIja evaM phala banAne meM kIr3e mahattvapUrNa kArya karate haiN| vizva meM prativarSa 20 lAkha loga kITanAzI viSaktatA se grasita ho jAte haiN| jinameM se 20 hajAra kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| bhArata meM kITa pataMgoM kI prajAtiyAM saMkaTApanna sthiti meM jA rahI haiM aise meM kITanAzakoM ke bar3hate upayoga aura usake hone vAle duSprabhAvoM se vaijJAnika bhI ciMtita ho baiThe haiN| sadiyoM se vibhinna prakAra ke kIToM kA mAnava jIvana se gaharA sambandha rahA hai| prakRti meM vibhinna prakAra ke kITa pAe jAte haiM inameM se kucha kITa hamAre lie upayogI haiM, kintu adhikAMza kITa hamAre lie hAnikAraka hI hote haiN| jahA~ eka ora upayogI kIToM se lAbhadAyaka vastue~ prApta hotI haiM, vahIM hAnikAraka kIToM se hameM bahuta-sI hAniyA~ bhI hotI haiN| hAnikAraka kITa na kevala mAnava, balki vibhinna jIvoM meM bhI aneka prakAra ke roga phailAte haiN| AhAra aura khAdyAna samasyA khAdya padArthoM ke saMrakSaNa meM bhI kiraNana kA prayoga bhAbhA paramANu anusaMdhAna kendra meM kiyA jA rahA hai| AlU, pyAja, anAja, masAlA, phala ityAdi ko kiraNana dvArA adhika samaya taka surakSita rakhA jA sakatA hai| pauSTikatA sunizcita rahatI hai aura ina khAdya padArthoM se svAsthya para koI pratikUla prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| khAdyAnna samasyA kA eka pramukha kAraNa mA~sAhAra tathA eka mAtra samAdhAna zAkAhAra hI hai jo ahiMsA se hI sambhava hai| mAnasika hiMsA kA tyAga zArIrika hiMsA ke pramukha uddIpakoM aura udrekoM meM kSudhA tRSNA, bala-pradarzana, anyAya, pratikAroM aura kabhI- kabhI pAmara ahaMkAroM ko gina sakate haiM, vaise hI mAnasika hiMsA meM atRpta tanAva, svayaM ko siddha aura sthApita karane kI vyagratA tathA aniyaMtrita saMvegoM ko zAmila kiyA jA sakatA hai| manaH cikitsA- zAstriyoM ne to mAnasika hiMsA para eka vistRta vaijJAnika vizleSaNa prAyojita kara liyA hai| jisake lakSaNa aura prabhAva adhunAtana, bhautika, upabhogavAdI jIvana pravAha aura nItihIna avadhAraNAoM ke krama meM bar3hate hI jA rahe haiN|

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86 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA evaM prayoga Aja vijJAna kA yuga hai| vaijJAnika yuga meM mAnava ko hiMsA kA vyavasthita prazikSaNa diyA jAtA hai| dUradarzana para aneka hiMsAtmaka kArya dikhAye jAte haiN| ata: yaha prazna bAra-bAra AMdolita karatA hai ki kyA kevala ahiMsA kahane se ahiMsA kI pratiSThA ho sakatI hai? ahiMsaka samAja kI saMracanA ho sakatI hai? prazikSaka kI hara kSetra meM AvazyakatA rahatI hai| ahiMsaka pratikAra ke lie aura bhI adhika prazikSaNa kI AvazyakatA hogii| eka bAra prazikSaNa dene mAtra se kArya kI pariNati nahIM ho sktii| bAra-bAra zikSaNa dekara hI samAja kI cetanA jAgRta kI jA sakatI hai| Aja mAnava bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM ahiMsA kI bAta bhUlatA jA rahA hai| aisI mAnasikatA hone para apekSita hai - ahiMsA prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA zIghrAtizIghra ho aura prazikSaNa nirantara calAyamAna rhe| ahiMsA prazikSaNa stara - 1. pArivArika stara 2. sAmAjika stara 3. rASTrIya stara 4. antarrASTrIya stara aNubama kA uttara hai ahiMsA aNubama banAne kA mUla uddezya hara hAlAta meM vinAza hI hai| isa hiMsAtmaka uddezya ko aNuvrata ke ahiMsAvrata se hI nirmUlita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra aNubama banAne ke saMkalpa kA nirAkaraNa aNuvrata ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to aNubama kA niSedha aNuvrata se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isameM nihita ahiMsA-siddhAnta se hI deza ko sAMskRtika saMkaTa aura mAnavatA ke vinAza se mukti mila sakatI hai| hiMsA se mukti kA upAya yA vikalpa ahiMsA siddhAnta ke tattvacintana meM hI nihita hai, jisake anveSaNa kA prayatna Aja kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai| ahiMsA unnati ke vaijJAnika upAya vRkSa khetI, RSi-kRSi, samudrI khetI tathA mazaruma khetI ke dvArA ahiMsA ko bar3hAvA diyA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra ke ahiMsA-darzana meM vartamAna kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hai, ahiMsA AcaraNa meM utare, prekSAdhyAna ke prayoga isake lie kAragara ho sakate haiN| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa kA ahiMsA prazikSaNa abhiyAna eka yugIna krAntikArI kadama hai| ahiMsA ke prati AsthA jagAne kA sAmUhika prayAsa kreN| vaijJAnikoM aura praudyogikIvidoM para isa bAda kA vizeSa uttaradAyitva hai ki ve manuSya ke kAryakalApoM dvArA prakRti ko hone

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 87 vAlI hAni ke prati janasAdhAraNa ko AgAha karAye unameM cetanA utpanna kreN| prazAsakoM ko cAhiye ki ve rASTrIya yojanAe~ banAte samaya ahiMsA - darzana kI vAstavikatAoM ko dhyAna meM rkheN| sandarbha : 1. ahiMsA aura usake vicAraka, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru, 1951, 2. ahiMsA, pR0 44. 3. vijJAna ke sandarbha meM jaina dharma muni sukhalAla, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUru, 1985, pR0 13-14. 4. jaina dharma paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara 2001, pR0 154. 5. vijJAna pragati - janavarI 2001, pR0 38. 6. vahI - janavarI 2001, pR0 27. 7. vahI, aMka 31, 1999, pR0 63. - 1, pR0 11.

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA rAmasvarUpa jaina* varSa 59, aMka 1 zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna aura dharma donoM hI hamAre jIvana ke lie bahuta jarUrI haiN| ye eka-dUsare ke pUraka mAna lie jAyeM to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / vijJAna ke do pakSa haiM - eka to kArya-kAraNa siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para prayogadharmitA aura dUsarA usake AdhAra para vikasita takanIki vijnyaan| ina donoM pakSoM kA apanA mahattva hai, kintu kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta ke AdhAra jo prayogadharmitA hai- vaha jIvana ke vaicArika vikAsa ke lie adhika upayogI hai, aura takanIki vikAsa se jo sAdhana upalabdha hue haiM, unase jIvana sukhamaya huA hai| vaijJAnika soca aura dharma eka-dUsare ke pratipakSI nahIM haiN| apitu eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM- vijJAna ne jahA~ paramparAgata dhArmika andhavizvAsoM ko dUra kiyA / vahA~ dharma ne vijJAna evaM takanIka ke kAraNa upalabdha bhoga-sAmagriyoM ke prati utpanna icchAoM para niyantraNa kA pATha par3hAyA hai| vaijJAnika soca jahA~ vyakti ko prayogadharmI banAtA hai, vahA~ dhArmika AsthA vyakti ko tanAva kI vibhinna avasthAoM se rAhata pahuMcAtI hai| vijJAna ke kAraNa jahA~ zArIrika rogoM ke nivAraNa hetu cikitsA-kendra sulabha hue haiM vahIM bar3I saMkhyA meM manovaijJAnika upacAra kendra bhI banAye gaye haiM / dharma mAnava jIvana ko mUlyavAna banAtA hai| naitikatA, ImAnadArI, prAmANikatA, sahanazIlatA, svadoSa darzana, Atma-pariSkAra Adi mUlya dharmAcaraNa se hI prApta hote haiM | vijJAna vyakti ko AMzika sukha kI ora bar3hAtA hai to dharma sthAyI sukha, aparimita Ananda kI ora bar3hAtA hai| isameM sandeha kI koI bAta nahIM hai / vijJAna svachaMda jIvana jIne kI salAha detA hai to dharma vyakti ko saMyamI jIvana jIne kI salAha / vijJAna kI ora agrasara hone para vyakti vinAza kA nimita banatA hai| vijJAna ke dvArA dI gaI suvidhAe~ nizcita rUpa se Azcaryajanaka haiM, lekina kSaNabhaMgura haiN| sukhapUrvaka jIne ke lie hamArI manovRti ahiMsaka honI caahie| hamAre vicAra saba jIvoM ke prati karuNAmaya hone cAhie, vizva meM aisA koI kSetra nahIM hai jahAM para jIvana na ho, pRthvI kA konA-konA jIva se bharA par3A hai aura sabhI jIva ko jIne kA samAna adhikAra hai| koI bhI jIva maranA nahIM cAhatA hai sabhI jInA cAhate haiN| sukha sabako priya hai, duHkha apriya hai| sukha kI prApti ahiMsA se hI ho sakatI hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM ahiMsA dharma ko mahAn sukhakArI batAyA gayA hai| ahiMsA, satya, * phlaiTa naM0 2/318, avasAna mandira, savAI mAdhepura, rAjasthAna

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vijJAna ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA : 89 asteya, aparigraha kA mArga hI hameM zAMti kI ora le jAtA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jo dharma bhAvanA meM lIna rahatA hai usako devagaNa bhI nirantara vaMdanA karate haiN|jo vyakti jJAna ko nirantara bar3hAte haiM unake cAritra meM barAbara vRddhi hotI hai| vijJAna vyakti ko sthAyI sukha kA AbhAsa jarUra karAtA hai lekina detA kSaNika sukha hI hai| vijJAna kI sundaratA kA svarUpa hama hirozimA aura nAgAzAkI kI kurUpatA se lagA sakate haiN| Aja sAre deza meM pradUSaNa phailatA jA rahA hai| pratyeka kArya mazIna dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai| sarvatra bhukhamarI phaila rahI hai| yaha vijJAna kA hI camatkAra hai| lekina ina sabakA koI jimmedAra hai to vaha manuSya svayaM hai| yadyapi manuSya janma se saMyamI hotA hai| tabhI to devatA bhI isa jIvana ke lie icchA rakhate haiN| lekina saMyamI cAritra ke sAtha janma lene vAlA yaha manuSya samaya ke sAtha-sAtha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, IrSyA, apakAra Adi durguNoM ke cAdara meM aisA lipaTa jAtA hai ki use apanI hI sacaritratAse jUjhanA par3atA hai| namratA mAnava kA zreSThatama guNa hai| sAdagI se jIne vAlA vyakti kabhI bhI anaitikatA ko nahIM apanAegA aura na hI vyasana kA zikArI hogaa| kintu vijJAna kI isa duniyAM meM sAtvikatA na ke barAbara raha gayI hai| ___ vartamAna meM AcArya mahAprajJajI, AcArya vidyAsAgarajI, AcArya zivamunijI Adi ke dvArA vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke samanvaya para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| ImAnadArI, naitikatA, udAratA, AdhyAtmikatA ko janamAnasa taka pahu~cAyA jA rahA hai jisase pratyeka saMskRti ko pallavita aura puSpita hone ke lie mukta AkAza mila sakA hai| Aja bhI hindU, muslima, sikkha, IsAI, bauddha aura pArasI sabhI ko jIne kA pUrNa adhikAra hai| yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai| Aja sampUrNa vizva meM zAnta, sukhada vAtAvaraNa va bhAIcArA kI sthApanA ke lie vijJAna aura ahiMsA ko eka honA pdd'egaa| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki vijJAna ne hameM naI UcAiyAM dI haiM to ahiMsA ne hameM vizva meM eka naI pahacAna dilAyI hai| ahiMsA ko vyAvahArika stara para prayoga karake mahAtmA gA~dhI ne ahiMsA kI tAkata se janamAnasa ko avagata karAyA hai| jo yaha samajhate haiM Aja vijJAna hI sabakucha hai to yaha unakI bhUla hogii| bezaka vijJAna hameM vilAsitA ke sabhI sAjo-sAmAna upalabdha karAne meM sakSama hai lekina jaba hama bhAratIya pariprekSya meM dekhate haiM to jIvana ko sukhamaya banAne ke jo sAjo-sAmAna hamAre pUrvajoM ne diyA hai usake samakSa vaijJAnika upalabdhiyA~ kucha bhI nahIM haiN| __vartamAna sandarbha meM vijJAna aura ahiMsAkoalaga karake vivecita karanA niHsaMdeha hI mAnava ke lie ghAtaka siddha hogaa| vijJAna kA prayogaahiMsAmaya DhaMgaseho to nizcita hI prAcIna bhAratIya ahiMsAmaya vijJAna kI eka naI cetanA kA punarjAgaraNa hogaa|

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ENGLISH SECTION Dr. S. P. Pandey * Concept of sila in Jainism Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics Dr. Vijaya Kumar

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Sramana, Vol. 59, No. 1 Janury-March 2008 Concept of Sila in Jainism Jainism is one of the oldest living religions of the world. It represents the Sramanic tradition, one of two chicf currents prevalent in Indian culture, the other one Vedic tradition. The basic tenets of Jainism can be epitomized in two words namely- Ahimsa and Anekanta. The whole ethical culture of Jainas is based on their principle of ahimsa. I am sure I am not overestimating if I say that no other religion in the world has worked out the principle of Ahimsa in its minutest details as Jainism. To minimize violence to their maximum extent is the sole purpose of Jaina philosophy. And accordingly the whole philosophical and ethical structure of Jainism is designed. The virtues of truth, non-stealing, continence and nonpossession are just extensions of Ahimsa to different modes of human existence. The principle of ahimsa forms the basis of various code of conduct prescribed for both the Jaina laymen and ascetics. The Jaina Agamas prescribe separate code of conduct for ascetics and householders, which are known as Sramanacara and Sravakacara respectively. For Sravakas or householders they prescribe twelve vows to undertake which contains five Anuvratas (miner scale vows) + three Gunavratas (multiplicative vows) and four Siksavratas (disciplinary vows). Out of these twelve, seven vows including three Gunavratas and four Siksavratas are jointly called Sila. Each constituent of Sila is further divided into required divisions Observance of the Sila is very important for the lay-followers in order to purify their conduct. The Sila enhances the effect of vratas to be observed by the Sravaka-Sravikas (lay-followers) treading on the path of salvation. Dr. S. P. Pandey The word 'Sila' literally means to meditate, to worship, to practice, custom, moral conduct, tendency, good disposition or * Asst. Director, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi

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92 : Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 character. In Buddhism the word 'sila' has been used in the sense of good conduct or practices to be performed to get Nirvana where it has enumerated within the three-fold divisions of the fundamental course prescribed for the monk's spiritual progress i.e. Panna (rightknowledge), Sila (virtues) and Samadhi (meditation)'. There it is used in the sense of a fundamental precepts or rules of moral conduct. The Pancasila or five moral precepts of Buddhism are very much in tune of Jaina concept of five Anuvratas with a slight deference. The five precepts are- 1. Abstinence from killing (panatipata-vermani), 2. Abstinence from taking what is not given to one (adinnadanaveramani), 3. Abstinence from sexual adultery (abrahmacariyaveramani), 4. Abstinence from lying (musavada-veramani), 5. Abstinence from any state of indolence arising from the use of intoxicants, viz. sura-meraya-majja-pamadatthana-veramani)?. In Jainism sila (virtues or disciplinary vows) has been defined as a safeguard of vows to be observed by lay-followers (Sravakas)vratapariraksanartham silamiti digvratyadiniha Silagrahaena glhyante 3. In the works dealing with the spiritual discipline for the layman, there occurs the exposition of twelve vows. Twelve Vratas or Vows Vratas (from the Sanskrit vi, to fence in) provide the means where by karmic influx can be placed within certain limits, thereby ensuring that the worldly activities which are inevitable for the householder do not lead to passion, which deepen his involvement in Samsara. Vrata is made before a saint on his advice or voluntarily to protect oneself against possible lapses of conduct. The object is to control the mind and mold one's conduct along the spiritual path. The rules are such as are intended to protect the society from harm by projecting oneself on the righteous path. A vow affords stability to the will and guards its votary from the evils of temptation or of unguarded life; it gives purpose to life and healthy direction to our thoughts and actions. It helps the growth of self-control and protects against the pitfalls of free life. Jaina scriptures recommend twelve vows for the householders to observe in their daily lives consisting of: (A) five Anu-vratas

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Concept of sila in Jainism : 93 (miner scale vows), (B) three Guna-vratas (multiplicative vows), and (C) four Siksa-vratas, (disciplinary vows). Upasakadasa together with these five supplementary, enumerates Sallekhana as nonobligatory by its nature. The Anuvratas are of course closely parallel to the Mahavratas of an ascetic; and it is therefore, not surprising that some writers have imitated the Dasavaikalika-sutra which counts a sixch vrata-that of a ratri-bhojana tyaga under Anuvratas. This sixth Anuvrata is noted by Camundaraya." These vows form the central part of the ethical code and by their observance laymen can maintain constant progress in their spiritual career aimed at the attainment of final liberation. Anu-vratas (Minor scale vows) The main five vows for the Jaina Lay-devotees are as follows: (i) Ahimsa or Sthula-pranatipata-viramana- abstention from violence or injury to living beings (ii) Satya or Sthula-mssavada-viramana- abstention from false speech (iii) Asteya or Sthula-adattadana-viramana- abstention from theft (iv) Brahmacarya or Sthula-maithuna-viramana abstention from sexuality or unchastity, and (v) Aparigraha or Parigraha-parimana- abstention from greed for worldly possessions or limiting one's possessions As regards the extent and intensity in the observance of these vratas it is stated that if these vows are strictly observed they are known as Mahavratas, i.e., great vows and naturally these are meant for the ascetics. Laymen, however, cannot observe vows so strictly and therefore, they are allowed to practice them so far as their conditions permit. Therefore, the same vratas or vows when partially observed are termed as Anuvratas (small or miner scale vows) and when completely observed are called Mahavratas (great vows). Since the destination of both the monk as well as the householder is the

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Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 same, the basic practices, they are prescribed to follow are the same. The difference is only in the degree, considering that one has renounced the worldly affairs while the other has to encounter all sorts of worldly conflicts. Thus the milder form of practice prescribed for a householder is called as Anuvrata. 94 : Moreover, every person must meditate upon the following four virtues, which are based upon the observance of these five vows: Maitri (friendship with all living beings) (i) (ii) Pramoda (delight at the sight of beings more advanced than ourselves on the path of liberation) (iii) Karuna (compassion for the afflicted) and (iv) Madhyasthya (tolerance or indifference to those who are ill-behaved) Furthermore, the observance of the five anuvratas, i.e., small vows, and refraining from the use of three 'makaras' (three M's) namely madya (i.e., wine), mansa, (i.e., flesh or meat) and madhu, (i.e., honey) are regarded as eight mula-gunas, (the basic or primary virtues) of a householder. Digambaras enumerate abstinence from partaking three M's and five figs as eight mula-gunas. A householder should never partake these things. Because partaking of any of these evolves killing or himsa. For minimizing injury to living beings, complete abstinence of wine, flesh and honey is advocated, and every householder must necessarily possess these eight primary or fundamental virtues. Anuvratas 1. Ahimsa or abstinence from Violence (Sthula-pranatipataviramana) The first Anuvrata is called ahimsa or refraining from violence. The word Pranatipata literally means to destroy (atipata) life-forces (prana) of living beings. In short it is refraining from violence. Life forces are ten- three channels of activities- mind, body and speech, five sense organs, the duration of life and respiration (svasocchvasa).

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Concept of sila in Jainism : 95 To destroy or injure, through negligence or ill will, one or more life forces of one's own or others is violence- pramattayogatpranavyaparopanam himsao i.e. destruction of life due to an act involving negligence is violence. Here the word pramada yields the meaning(i) mental state of attachment and aversion and (ii) negligence. Therefore, destruction of living beings through passions (kamadesire), krodha-anger, lobha-greed and moha-delusion) or negligence is also violence. Violence is committed in three ways- by doing the act oneself, by forcing others to do it or by approving it done by others. Himsa refers to any action of giving pain to any living being. The nature of layman's ahimsa-vrata depends on the distinction between suksma-himsa, the taking of life in any form, abstention from which is obligatory for the ascetics, and sthula-himsa, the destruction of the higher forms of life from dvindriya (two-sensed) upwards, which is forbidden to all Jains. The layman is also enjoined to avoid as far as possible killing of all the ekendriyas (one-sensed) and the useless destruction of immobile ones. Recognizing that total abstinence form himsa would be impossible for a householder, Jaina teachers have drawn a distinction between injurious activities, which are totally forbidden, and those, which may be tolerated within strict guidelines. The lay-followers are instructed by Agamas for not to kill the gross jivas i.e. mobile one. The type of limitations allowed are evident in the following statement of the vow "'I shall not kill intentionally the gross (i.e. mobile) living beings when they are innocent. The violence of immobile (one-sensed) jivas viz. earth, air, water, fire and plant bodied is inevitable because the householder uses them once or repeatedly in his daily life. This is how his vow of non-violence is made narrow and limited by leaving out the one sensed living being from its purview. Thus the householder has not to be indulged in the gross violence. Gross violence is of four types(i) Intentional violence (sarikalpa-ja-himsa)- killing of the innocent living-beings actuated by an intention to injure. (ii) Violence involved in daily acts of a house-holder (Arambha-ja-himsa)-killing of the mobile living-beings that takes place in spite of utmost care and vigilance.

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96 Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 (iii) Violence involved in occupations and industries (udyogi-himsa) (iv) Return of violence in self-defense (virodhi-himsa) : For example a Ksatriya who is fighting at the border to save his country would certainly commit violence. But as he has committed violence in his self-defense or during a purely defensive, he will not be guilty of sankalpaja-himsa but of virodhi-himsa. Jains designate six modes of livelihood-warrior (asi), writing (masi), farming (krsi), the arts (vidya), commerce (vanijya), and various crafts (silpa) as respectable. In practice, Jains have been strongly encouraged to enter those professions, which have the least potential for violence; hence state craft and agriculture are somewhat less desirable occupation for Jains. So for as the potentiality is concerned, the Jainas would not make any difference between the Jiva of Mahavira and the Jiva of a blade of grass. Once a layman has taken this vow he must scrupulously avoid all practices in violation thereof. Five partial transgressions are listed as following with regard to ahimsa-vrata: (i) Bandha (Keeping in captivity)-tying-up or keeping in captivity of men or animal. Hemacandra defines bandha as the restraining of cattle by ropes or restraining of one's children for the sake of correcting them. The tying should be done with consideration of the rope being knotted loosely so that it can be easily slipped in case of fire. (ii) Vadha (Beating)- beating of living creatures with rods, whips or withies." (iii) Chavi-cheda (Mutilating)- mutilating of the ears, nose, or other organs of body. For Haribhadra this implies cutting the body with swords and other sharp instruments. 10

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 97 (iv) Atibhararopana (Overloading)- loading on to the back, or shoulders, or head of an animal or human being of an excessive weight of goods such as betel nuts." (v) Bhakta-pana-vyavaccheda (Depriving of food and drink)- provoking the sufferings of hunger and thirst in animals for any reason. Thus the first Anuvrata of non-violence is very important. We cannot do harm to any living being for the sustenance of our body. We cannot live without killing the living beings. Even our breathing involves violence. But we should do only that much harm or violence which is absolutely necessary for the sustenance of our life. We should always make sincere efforts to find out how we can live with minimum violence. How can we decrease violence as far as possible? Non-violence in its truest sense does not only mean not to injure living beings but it also embraces universal law of love and compassion which is the positive aspect of Ahimsa. 2. Satya or abstinence from speaking Untruth (Sthula Mesavadaviramana) The second anuvrata involves the vow of refraining from lying (asatya) of any short. Jainas see a close connection between asatya and himsa, since all lying is volitional and tainted by some operation of the passions, thus soul is injured by such activity. In its broader sense, the satya-vrata requires great care with regard to all acts of speech. Thus, even a truthful statement cannot be uttered if it leads to the destruction of a living being. It is some time a double-bind situation. For example a hunter chasing a deer asks some body as to which direction the deer has gone? If the person speaks truth it will lead to violence and if he mislead the hunter, it involves a deliberate untruth. In such a situation one should keep mum or should say in such a way that interests of others should not be heart. Thus if truth speaking leads to evil consequences, it is better to remain silent or to say that he knows nothing.

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98 1: Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 Upasakadasa mentions five aticaras of this vrata: (i) (ii) Sahasabhyakhyana (sudden calumniating)-imputing to someone without due reflection a non-existent fault, such as saying, 'You are a thief'. There is a danger that the victim might be killed or otherwise punished for this if heard by an ill-intentioned person. Raho'bhyakhyana (Secret calumniating)- this offence is committed if, for example, an older women is told that her husband is in love with a young girl or if a younger women is given to understand that her husband is infatuated with a more mature rival or a man is informed that her wife degrade him saying that he is lecherous brute (kama-gardabha). (iii) Svadara-mantrabheda (Divulging the confidence of one's wife)- Haribhadra defines this as the divulging to others of what has been said by one's wife in confidence under special circumstances." The gravity of this transgression lies in the fact that it may cause death to the wife (or friend) through the same. (v) (iv) Mrsopadesa (Spreading of false information)- This aticara is extended to cover the encouragement of the study of the text mainly concerned with falsehood. Devendra, however, narrows it down to teaching the use of unknown mantras and herbs. 13 Kuta-lekha-karana (False statements expressed in writing)- It is counterfeiting of another person's seal or stamp, or the use of such a seal with a false text11. 3. Asteya or abstinence from theft (Sthula Adattadana-viramana) The third of the Anuvrata is asteya or abstaining from theft. 15 It is broadly defined as adattadana-virati or refraining from taking any thing, which is not given. Here the word 'given' means acquired in a legitimate transaction. Svetambara writers gives four-fold division

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 99 of adatta (i) Svami-adatta what is not granted by its owner e.g. gold, (ii) Jivadatta- what is not granted by a living creature e.g. animal products not given by the slaughtered animal, (iii) Tirthankaradatta- what is not granted by the Tirthankara e.g. food especially cooked by the householder for the monks and (iv) Guruadatta- what is not given to the monks e.g. food even though devoid of impurity which is enjoyed without inviting the gurus.' Thus the householder who undertakes this vow is not allowed even to pick-up goods, which have been lost or forgotten. He must not indulge in such illegal practices as employing thieves to get any thing for him, receiving or purchasing stolen goods, using false weight and measures, secretly adulterating commodities or storing goods without paying taxes. All such acts of stealing are said to involve violence. In its partial form this vows does allow the collection of water, firewood, and similar materials but for mendicants it is not allowed. They can take these things if collected and presented by some one. An attempt squeeze and exploit others also comes in the purview of theft. The aticaras of this vow are: (i) Stenahstadana (Receiving stolen goods)- obtaining goods, which are the proceeds of a robbery for nothing or at a low price. (ii) Taskara or stena-prayoga (Suborning of thieves) approving or encouraging thieves. (iii) Viruddha-rajyatrikama (Transgressing the limits of a hostile state)- the acquisition of property in a country, which is engaged in hostilities with one's own country. '7 (iv) Kuta-tula-kuta-mana (Using false weights and measures)-giving short measure when selling and taking an excess when buying. 18 Tat-pratirupaka-vyavahara (Substitution of inferior commodities)-this is counterfeiting of gold, silver, brass, oil, ghee etc. with materials that resemble them in colour, weight and other properties,

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100 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 4. Brahmacarya or abstinence from Sex Passions or all illicit sexual activities (Sthula Maithuna-viramana) It is the Brahmacarya-vrata. It differs from all other vows in its double formation: positive in the sense of contentment with one's own wife (sva-dara-santosa) and negative as avoidance of the wives of others (apara-dara-gamana). According to this vrata the vower refrains from all types of sex passions. The sex passions imply materialistic pleasures of all the five senses or complete celibacy. The householder who undertakes this vow should not even think to use the wives of others. It covers even the avoidance of sexual contacts with harlots, widows and unmarried women. All sexual contacts, except the fair ones, with one's own wife should also be avoided". Jainas has traditionally accepted this practice but consider monogamous marriage as the ideal. He must consider all women accept his wife a mother or sister, thus overcoming sexual desire for them. The sexual code of Jaina householder then focuses upon "marriage and moderation. The importance of loyalty to one's spouse is strongly emphasized. The fact that sexual activity involves passion, hence from Jaina perspective injures the soul, is of course obvious. It is further held that the very act of intercourse slaughters great number of souls who dwell in the generative organs of the female and the ejaculate of the male. Further, it is not limited to mere abstention from sex. The word carya means day-to-day conduct. The word Brahma means 'self'. Hence the word Brahmacarya suggests the pure-knowership. The English word 'celibacy' is therefore, not competent in comprehending the real meaning of Brahmacarya. To observe celibacy in word and spirit one should have control over his mind and his food, clothing and whole life style. The aticaras of this vow are: (i) Itvara-priglhita-gamana (intercourse with a women temporarily taken to wife) (ii) A-prigrhita-gamana (intercourse with an unmarried women)

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 101 (iii) Ananga-krida (love-play) -use of artificial phalli made of wood, leather etc. (iv) Para-vivaha-karana (match-making)-marrying of one's own children (v) Kama-bhogativrabhilasa (excessive predilection for the pleasure of the senses) 5. Aparigraha or abstinence from hoarding unnecessary possessions (Sthula parigraha-viramana) The final Anuvrata is that of aparigraha or non-possession. The Jaina scriptures often define parigraha as the delusion (murccha) of possession. On account of endless desire of possession, we become slaves of our possessions. The principle of aparigraha teaches us to restrict our possessions to the minimum. The Jaina scriptures condemn holding the external and internal both types of possessions. External possessions are ten- land, house, silver, gold, livestock, grain, maidservants, menservants, clothing, and miscellaneous goods as furniture and so on. The attachment and delusion of these things is internal possession. Jaina literature gives a list of fourteen internal and ten external possessions. To weaken the internal possession, which is of the nature of defilement, it is necessary to limit properly the external possessions. If a man has burning desire to collect much wealth so that he can indulge in the enjoyment of worldly pleasure, he has great possession even if his penniless. Excessive accumulation of riches is a sin and to have such a desire is a sin of equal measure. So if a person does not set limits to his possession, then greed and desire press him to involve himself into all those vicious activities necessary for accumulating possessions, which defile the soul. Therefore, one has to limit his possessions. The commentators mention following five aticaras of this vow: (i) Yojanena-ksetra-vastu-pramanatikrama (Exceeding the limits set for land and houses by incorporation) (ii) Pradanena-hiranya-suvarna-pramanatikrama (Exceeding the limits set for gold and silver by donation)

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102 Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 (iii) Bandhanena-dhana-dhanya-pramanatikrama (Exceeding the limits set for grain and other foodstuff by packaging together) : (iv) Karanena-dvipada-catuspada-pramanatikrama (Exceeding the limits set for bipeds and quadrupeds by natural reproduction). Guna-vratas (Multiplicative Vows) In addition to five main vratas, a householder is enjoined upon to practice three Gunavratas, i.e., the multiplicative vows, which increase the value of the main vows. It aims to limit the area of a person's activities and the number of beings and object with which he comes into contact. The Jainacaryas have compared householder with a heated iron ball, burning everything it touches. Hence it is important to restrict the sphere of his activities. These three Gunavratas are: 1. Digvrata (Vow of limiting the Area of one's Unvirtuous Activities) In this vow the vower takes a life-long vow to limit one's worldly activity within a restricted direction and area. There are ten directions- the four well known- east, west, north and south; the four intermediary directions, viz. isana, agneya, nairtya and vayavya, the upward direction over one's head and downward direction under one's feet. This is the vow to limit the distance in all the ten direction beyond which the vower will undertake unvirtuous activities. The purpose of this vow is to limit the area of different activities. The vower limits the area beyond which he will not go for trade and business, marry his daughter, marry his son and he will use the things produced in that much area only. This vow is to check the spread of desire, to save oneself from unvirtuous activities. By observing this vow one can lessened his desire, get peace and tranquility and make all-round self-development. The nomenclature of the aticaras of digvrata is: (i) Urdhva-dik-pramanatikrama (Going beyond the limits in upward direction)-Under this aticara one is

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Concept of sila in Jainism : 103 forbidden to climb a summit of mountain or a tree or a ban on all upward movement outside. (ii) Adho-dik-pramanatikrama (Going beyond the limits in downward direction)-It forbids ascending into the well or the underground store of a village if outside limit is fixed, even if some thing has been dropped there. (iii) Tiryak-dik-pramanatikrama (Going beyond the limits in horizontal direction)-this applies to normal traveling in all directions, north, south, east and the west; and the boundaries are set fairly wide. (iv) Ksetra-veddhi (Expanding the limits of the area of movements) (v) Smrti-antardhana (Forgetfulness)- forget the limit fixed earlier. 2. Bhogopabhogaprimana-vrata (Vow of limiting the Quantity of things one will use) This is the vow of limiting one's enjoyment of consumable and non-consumable things everyday. There are two types of things, viz. bhoga (consumables) and upabhoga (consumables more than one time). 20 Bhoga things are those, which can be used only once or used internally such as food, flower garlands, betel or other etables, water etc. Upabhoga things or those that can be used repeatedly or used externally viz. clothes, bed, furniture, women, vehicles, etc. This vow is to limit the quantity of bhoga and upabhoga things. It is a self-imposed restriction to the number of things to be used, etc. One who practices it knows how much restraint is to put on the free play of desires by its observance. Two basic division of this vrata are recognized by Svetambaras: 21 it may refer to food eaten or to occupation pursued. Other topics included under the bhogopabhoga-parimana-vrata are: anantakayas, the abhaksyas and ratri-bhojana.

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104 : Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 Anantakayas (infinite number of living organism)-Amongst the substances which a Jaina is forbidden to consume either as a food or a medicine are included the anantakayas or sadharanas, plants which are inhabited, not like the majority of the vegetable kingdom by individual jivas, but an infinite number of living organisms. The plants, which are classified, as anantakayas seem to be chosen because of certain morphological peculiarities such as possession of bulbs or rhizomes or habit of periodically shedding their leaves. A list of 32 anantakayas is given by Jaina Acaryas. Prominent among them are: Gajjjara (Carrot), Alu (Potato), Nimbankura (nimba shoots or margosa), Vadankura (Banyan), Lahasana (Garlic), Vamsa-karilla (bamboo) etc. Abhaksyas (non-etables)- The definition of what is not fit to be eaten is given considerable prominence particularly in latter Jainism. It is true that cruelty begins with the plate on our table. Therefore, it is very important to decide what we should take and what not. We have three lists of abhaksyas as given by Nemicandra, Hemacandra and Asadhara which vary in numbers i.e. 22, 16 and 22 respectively. (1-5) Five Udumbaras-(figs) (i) Umbara, udumbara- Ficus glomerata Roxb.; (ii) Vata, nyagrodha- Ficus bengalensis; (iii) Pippala, asvattha-Ficus religiosa Linn.; (iv) Plaksa-Ficus infectoria Roxb.; and Kakombari, guphala- Ficus oppositifolia willed, (6-9) Four banned Vikstis- (i) Mamsa (Meat), Madya (Alkohal), Madhu (Honey), Makkhana (Butter), (10) Snow (Hima), (11) Poison (Visa), (12) Ice (Karaka), (13) Earth (Mrda), (14) Food Eaten at night (Ratri-bhojana), (15) Fruit with many seeds (Bahubija), (16) Anantakayas, (17) Pickles (Sandhana), (18) Butter milk in tiny lumps (Ghola-vataka), (19) Aubergines (Vintaka), (20) Unknown fruits and flowers, (21) Empty fruits (Tuccha-phala), (22) Tainted food (Calita-rasa).22 Ratri-bhojana-tyaga: Great importance has always been attached by Jaina writers to the abstinence from taking food by night

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 105 (ratri-bhojana). Dasavaikalika gives ratri-bhojana-tyaga the status of a vow. Camundaraya and Caritrasara count it as sixth Anuvrata. It figures among the Mulagunas.23 who condemns this practice especially cites as arguments against it that there exist many tiny insects barely discernable by day which are completely invisible by night even a lamp is lit, and the raga is always more intense in eating by night than in eating by day. At night there is possibility of falling down of moths, insects, mice, bits of bones, skin or hairs into the bowls of food. And the person who is eating will not be able to see them. Sravaka-dharma-dohaka expressly permits the taking of betel, medicines and water during the night.24 Hemacandra gives four reasons for abstention from ratri-bhojana- the food may have contaminated by touch of Pisacas or Pretas or other evil spirits; it may be infected by minute invisible organisms; insects may have crawled into it; and its contents will in any event be unrecognizable in the dark. This practice is also supported by Hindu scriptures, Ayurvedic Texts, etc. The second aspect of Bhogopabhoga-parimana-vrata includes fifteen banned occupations like: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Angara-karma (livelihood from charcoal)- smelting iron, firing of pottery, making bricks and tiles etc. Vana-karmana (livelihood from destroying plants)timber industry, flourmills etc. Sakata-karman (livelihood from carts) Bhataka-karmana (livelihood from transport fees)livelihood by carting goods invehicles or horses, bull etc. Sphota-karman (livelihood from digging)- to make pools, tanks, wells, etc. Laksa-vanijja (trade in lac and similar substances)- to use arsenic, indigo plants. Danta-vanijja (trade in animal by products)- ivory works, purchasing conch-shell Rasa-vanijja (trade in alcohol and forbidden food-stuff)produce honey, butter, etc.

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106 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 9. Kesa-vanijja (trade in men and animals)-trade in creatures that have hairs: 10. Visa- vanijja (trade in destructive articles)- trade in poison, mechanical devices etc. 11. Yantra-pidana (work involving milling)- making different oils by operation of mills 12. Nirlanchana (work involving mutilation)- branding bulls by putting seals etc. 13. Davagni-dana (work involving use of fire) firing forests, igniting candles on dipotsava etc. 14. Saraha-sosana (work involving the use of water)- drawing water from lakes, tanks 15. Asati-posana (work involving breeding and rearing) keeping and breeding destructive animals as parrots, cocks, dogs, monkeys etc. The vower should abandon things of both the types whose use possibly involves much violence and evil. The objective of this vow is to make all happy and to divert them to the path of humanity. There are five aticaras of Bhogopabhoga-parimana-vrata: (i) Sacittahara (consuming sentient things)- things containing earth-bodied, water-bodied and vegetablebodied jivas-kanda, mula, etc. Sacitta-pratibandhahara (consuming what is connected with sentient things)- eating ripe fruits, which are attached to a tree. (iii) Apakvausadhi-bhaksana (Consuming uncooked vegetable products)- Taking uncooked pulses and grain. (iv) Dus-pakvausadhi-bhaksana (Consuming partly cooked vegetable products)- taking partly cooked things e.g. cooked rice spoiled either by excessive moisture or because the grains in the centre are still raw.

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(v) Concept of Sila in Jainism 1: 107 Tucchausadhi-bhaksana (Consuming empty vegetables products)- eating of such grains and pulses as undeveloped mudga from which there is little satisfaction of hunger and at the same time much harm is done. 3. Vow to abstain from Purposeless harmful activities (Anarthadanda-viramana) Taking a vow not to commit purposeless sinful actions. The term anartha means purposeless, aimless, unnecessary, etc. and the term danda mean harmful, bad etc. Thus the term anarthadanda means purposeless harmful activities. Refraining from harmful activities that serve no useful purpose is anarthadandaviramana. This vow is meant to prevent one from indulgence in such acts, which are not necessary. A householder cannot avoid those acts of violence, which are related with his ordinary daily activities, nor can he avoid violence, which is involved in agriculture, business or industry and on the occasion of self-defense etc. Thus taking into account the unvirtuous activities which are inevitably associated with the householder's life or which have to be performed to fulfill his duties as a householder the Jaina thinkers have advised through the present vow that one should not be involved in unnecessary and purposeless harmful activities. This is the essence of the vow. But it is difficult do decide which type of acts are unvirtuous and purposeless. Jaina Acaryas have listed five types of anarthadanda: (i) Apadhyana (Evil brooding)- To think continuously of doing harm to others, to yield to evil brooding over unjust means of accumulating wealth, to embrace the ideas of sensual pleasure and to think vainly of one's misery and misfortune are the purposeless harmful activities i.c. would I be exempted from old age and death.25 Proper thinking about one's business, about family management, about the victory of just and righteous person is not a harmful purposeless activity.

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108 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 (ii) Pramadacarita (Purposeless mischief)-Thoughtless activities like aimlessly digging the ground, obstructing the wind, and igniting fire are purposeless harmful activities.26 While walking to strike a standing animal with a stick is a foolish purposeless harmful activity. One should consciously avoid this type of activities. It prohibits eating meat for relish and bodily growth, which is a purposeless harmful activity. It is also a form of intentional violence (sankalpi himsa), which a householder should avoid completely, and at all cost. Himsa-pradana (Felicitation of destruction)-To furnish means of destructions-weapons, fire, poison to another person without knowing whether the person is under the influence of anger or not. This means that if a man gives a knife to sharpen a pencil and fire to cook food that is not a purposeless harmful activity. But to give a knife to kill or harm somebody and fire to burn some one's house or property is certainly a purposeless and harmful activity. When some body has attacked on any innocent man, to give the latter a weapon to defend himself is not a purposeless harmful activity but to give a weapon to violent attacker is harmful activity. (iv) Papopadesa (Harmful counseling)- Means instruction in an evil trade as 'set fire to the forest in the hot season'. Pujyapada defines it as advice, which stimulates others to pursue harmful activities unnecessarily. 27 "If a man who has gone deep into vices (vyasanas) like gambling, consuming alcohol, meat-eating, whoring, hunting, thieving, adultery, etc. advices others to take them, then that advice is considered as unvirtuous and purposeless. Instead of superimposing good qualities on them, he should point out their real defects. A good person considers the entire world as his family. He teaches or

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Concept of sila in Jainism : 109 advices persons to be involved in fare activities, which could benefit the society. Thus to give advice to others about wrong activities, to give vein and needless advice, to give such type of advice which could stimulate others to be involved in perverse sensual pleasure or to give advice for wrong method livelihood are purposeless and harmful activities. (v) Duh-sruti (Faulty reading)- It is listening to, reciting, or expounding evil stories through which passion and injuries or provoked. The aticaras of this vrata are as follows: (i) Kandarpa (libidinous speech)- Siddhasena defines it as language which is provoked by the lust accompanied by movement of the mouth, eye, eye-brows, lips to arouse laughter.28 (ii) Kautkucya (Buffoonery)- It is spasmodic contractions of the eye, eyebrows, nose, lips, hand while making various sorts of funny movements.29 (iii) Maukharya (Speaking purposelessly)-Siddhasena Gani holds this to be speech that is vulgar, nonsensical and impertinent.30 (iv) Samyuktadhikarana (Bringing together harmful implements)- It is keeping together of two objects which could lead one to an evil fate. Typical examples of such linked adhikaranas are pestle and mortar, cart and yoke, bow and arrows. (v) Upabhoga-paribhogatireka (Superfluity of luxuries) Siddhasena Gani opines that bathing and use of ornaments as well as the consumption of food and drink must be on moderate scale according to one's need or accumulation of the objects of upabhoga and paribhoga beyond the need of one's need. 31

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110 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 Siksa-vratas (Disciplinary vows) Along with the five Anuvratas and three Gunavratas, a householder is required to practice four Siksa-vratas, i.e., disciplinary vows that are devised to prepare an individual to follow the discipline prescribed for the ascetics. The four Siksavratas are: 1. Vow of remaining completely in Equanimity for a fixed period of Time (Samayika) It is an exercise in samaya='sama'+'aya'or attainment of equanimity. In this vow one practices equanimity of mind and tries to shed all types of Kasayas (passions) such as anger, pride, deceit etc. It is a state of fusion of the activities of body, mind and speech with Atman. This vow consists in sitting at one place and one seat for one muhurta (48 consecutive minutes) in a peaceful mental state, not allowing the passions of attachment and aversion to rise in the mind. The samayika may be performed in one's own house, temple or in an especially designed fasting-hall (posadha-sala) in presence of a monk or alone. He should avoid spitting or blowing his nose, but if he cannot help doing so, should first find a bare patch of ground and carry on pratilekhana and pramarjana. Then making obeisance to the Sadhuhe should chant samayikasutra- Karemi bhnate samayiyam.. .. .. Svetambara text generally lay down that samayika should be carried out as often as possible. Usually the three sandhyas- dawns, noon and sunset are indicated as proper for the practice of the rite. Followings are the aticaras of this vow: (i) Manoduspraaidhana (Misdirection of mind)-This aticara implies the failure to surrender the mind to meditation caused by greed, deceit, pride and anger. (ii) Vag-duspranidhana (Misdirection of speech). Haribhadra2 defines this as the use of indecent, harsh or hurtful language. For Siddhasena Gani" this aticara amounts to confused and hesitant enunciation of the syllables and inability to comprehend the meaning of the text.

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 111 (iii) Kaya-duspranidhana (Misdirection of body)- This aticara implies failure to make pratilekhana and parimarjana of the ground and of all material objects and to keep the hands, feet and other limbs of the body amounting pramada in performance of the samayika. (iv) Smrti-akarana (Forgetfulness of Samayika)- It is simply lack of concentration. This is an inability through extreme carelessness to remember whether the samayika has been completed or not. (v) Anavsthita-karana (Instability of Samayika)-This is explained as a failure to observe the proper formalities in carrying out the samayika. It includes a readiness to give it up after a short time or taking of food immediately after it is finished. 2. Vow of reducing further the sphere of Digvrata for a limited period of time (Desavakasika-vrata) It is the vow of reducing for a limited period of time the limits or set forth in the sixth vow of Digvratas. In other words it is a reduced version of Digvrata in time and place. Because of identical with the Digvrata it was omitted from the list of Siksavrata by those acaryas who make sallekhana the subject of the last siksavrata. This vow is to be taken to further lessening the sphere of Digvrata. Abhayadeva3 describes this vrataas an assumption for a limited time (avakasa) for a day or for a fix period of time of the restrictions of place (desa) set forth in Digvrata since freedom of movement is restricted to a tiny part of the area previously measured out. In this vow the vower has to contract his harmful activities and reduce the danger caused by them by imposing narrower limits on his own. The Sravakacara 35 describes following aticaras of this vrata: (i) Anayana-prayoga (Having something brought from outside)- to have something brought from outside the limits.36

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112: Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 (ii) Presya-prayoga (Sending a servant to bring something from outside)- causing work to be done by a servant outside one's self-imposed limits. (iii) Sabdanupata (Communicating by making sounds) attracting the attention of men working outside by sound to get the required things. (iv) Rupanupata (Communicating by making signs) - In this vow the signs and gestures are used to attract one's attention. (v) Bahya-pudgala-praksepa (Communicating by throwing objects)- In this vow sticks, stones, or bricks are thrown to attract one's attention. 3. Vow of observing fast and living like a monk for certain days (Prosadhopavasa-vrata) It is the vow of keeping fast on four days of the month, namely, the two eighth (astami) and two fourteenth days (caudasa) of the month or living like a monk for certain days. The term posadha is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root 'pus' meaning 'to nourish' to foster, to support, to cause grow. So the term posadha means that which nourishes the soul or its natural qualities. In this, the vower observes a fast. The fast should continue from noon on the day preceding the posadha (the dharanaka) till noon on the following day (the paranaka) that is for a total of forty-eight hours. The Svetambara writers mention a period of 24 hours (aho-ratri). In this vow the vower observes total abstinence from sexual activities before he undertakes religious rites and performs them according to proper procedure. The fast observed may be of three types: i.e. Uttama (complete fast), madhyama (a fast in which the taking of water is permitted) and Jaghanya (taking of one meal a day). Followings are the aticaras of the this vrata: (i) Apratilekhita-sayya (failure to sweep the sleeping place)

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 113 (ii) Apratilekhita-sthandila (failure to examine the place of excretion) (iii) Apramarjita-sayya (failure to sweep the sleeping-place) (iv) Apramarjita-sthandila (failure to examine the place of excretion) (v) Samyag-ananupalana (improper general performance of the fast) 4. Vow of sharing with deserving Guests (Atithi-samvibhagavrata) The word atithi (guest) has in fact been specialized by the Jains to signify a sadhu on his alms-round and is explained to mean 'one who has no tithi'(fixed date). To offer necessities of life (food, medicines, etc.) to the monks who live on begging alms, as also to the benevolent noble persons engaged in the service of the people is the meaning of this present vow. The vow also means to give proper help to the miserables and poor. Sometimes the term atithisamvibhaga also indicates the physical services rendered by laymen or monks to other monks in need. Some acaryas employ the simple expression dana for this term. The aticaras of atithi-samvibhagavrata are as follows: (i) Sacitta-niksepa (depositing alms on sentient things) depositing foods on the ground, on water or plant leaves with the intention of avoiding alms giving. (ii) Sacitta-pidhana (covering alms with sentient things) covering alms with fruit, leaves, flowers with the same intention as stated above. (iii) Kalatikrama (transgressing the appointed time)- giving alms when the time has passed for the monks to eat or the time has not yet come. (iv) Paravyapadesa (pretending that alms belongs to others) offering some other person's alms as if it were one's own.

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114 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 (v) Matsarya (jealousy in alms giving)- lack of respect in alms giving or a state of anger aroused by the monk's solicitation even though alms are given. These three Gunavratas and four Siksavratas grouped together are known as silavratas, i.e., supplementary vows because these vows perform the work of supplementing or protecting the five main Anuvratas just as towns are protected or guarded by the encircling walls built around them. The Sila enhances the effect of vratas to be observed by the Sravaka-Sravikas (lay-followers) treading on the path of salvation. Thus the five Anuvratas, the three Gunavratas and the four Siksavratas constitute the twelve vratas or vows of a householder. There are five aticaras, i. e partial transgressions, for each of these twelve vows and they are to be avoided by the observers of these vows. The five Aticaras are: (i) sarka (doubt or skeptic); (ii) kanksa, desire of sense pleasures; (iii) vicikitsa (disgust of anything, for example, with a sick or deformed person); (iv) anyadesti-prasamsa (thinking admiringly of wrong believers); and (v) anyadrsti-samstava (praising wrong believers). Sallekhana (The holy death)- In addition to the above twelve vows a householder is expected to practice in the last moment of his life the process of Sallekhana, i.e., peaceful or voluntary death. A layman is expected not only to live a disciplined life but also to die bravely a detached death. This voluntary death is to be distinguished from suicide, which is considered by Jainism as a cowardly sin. It is laid down that when faced by calamity, famine, old age and disease against which there is no remedy, a pious householder should peacefully relinquish his body, being inspired by a higher religious ideal. It is with a quiet and detached mood that he would face death bravely and voluntarily. This Sallekhana is added as an extra vow to the existing twelve vows of a householder. Like other vows, the vow of Sallekhana has also got five aticaras, namely-Iha-lokasamsa (desire for fortunate rebirth as a man); Paralokasarnsa (desire for fortunate rebirth as divine); Jivitasamsa (desire for continuing life);

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Concept of Sila in Jainism : 115 Maranasarsa (desire for death); and Kamabhogasamsa (desire for sensual pleasure), which are to be avoided by a householder. The most significant feature of these twelve vows is that by practicing these vows a layman virtually participates, to a limited extent and for a limited period of time, in the routine of an ascetic without actually renouncing the world. It is obvious that such practices maintain a close tie between the laymen and the ascetics as both are actuated by the same motive and are moved by the same religious ideals. Thus Sila plays an important role in the life of a householder. It works as a safeguard of the five Anuvratas the performance of which helps householders to reach them to their final goal i.e. emancipation. References: 1. Dighanikaya- s.8, Anguttara-nikaya-II.183, III.14, 16, Suttanipata- 1.13 2. Pali English Dictionary-T. W. Rhys Davids, The Pali Text Society, London, 1923 Rajavartika-7/24/1553/2 Jaina Yoga by R. Williams, p. 55 Caritra-sara p.7 Tattvarthasutra-VII.8 Yogasastra, Acarya Hemacandra-11.19 8. Yogasastra -ji .90 Tattvartha-bhasya by Siddhasena Gani)- VII.20 10. Avasyaka-curni (Commentary by Haribhadra)- p. 81 11. Ibid- p.81 12. Avasyaka-curni (Commentary by Haribhadra) p. 82 13. Sraddha-dina-krtya- pt. II. p. 87 14. Avasyaka-curni (Haribhadra) p. 82 15. Yogasastra, Acarya Hemacandra-11.66

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116 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 16. 17. 18. 19. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Nava-pada-prakarana by Devagupta, 39 Tattvarthabhasya, Siddhasena Gani, II. 22 Avasyaka-curni, (Commentary by Haribhadra), p. 82 Yogasastra, Acarya Hemacandra-11.76 Pancasaka (Abhayadeva-commentary)- 21 Sravaka-prajnapti-285 Jaina Yoga- R. Williams, p. 53 Purusartha-siddhyupaya by Amrtacandra-132 . Sravaka-dharama-dohaka -37 Nava-pada-prakarana, Devagupta- 84 Sagaradharmamsta, Asadhara- 10-11 Tattvartha-sutra (Commentary by Pujyapada II.21 Tattvartha-bhasya II.27 Avasyaka-curni, Haribhadra, p.83 Tattvartha-bhasya II.27 Tattvartha-bhasya II.27 Avasyaka-curni (Commentary by Haribhadra) p. 83 Tattvartha-bhasya, II.28 Pancasaka commentary by Abhayadeva- 27 Yogasastra , Acarya Hemacandra, iii. 118 Tattvartha-sutra- Pujyapada, II. 31 34. 35. 36.

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Sramana, Vol. 59, No. 1 Janury-March 2008 Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics Dr. Vijaya Kumar* Jainism is one of the Gramanic systems of the Indian tradition. It is also an atheistic school of Indian philosophy. In the Jaina metaphysics the ultimate reality has been named as 'Padartha', "Tattva', 'Sat', 'Vastu' etc. In English it is called 'substance.' Umasvati in his very famous book Tattvarthasutra has discussed seven types of Tattval Jiva, Ajiva, Asrava, Sarvara, Nirjara and Moksa The universe is full of Jiva and Ajiva which are eternal i.e. uncreated and everlasting. Jiva is conscious while Ajiva is unconscious. "Jiva is generally the same as the Atman or the Purusa in other pluralistic schools with this important difference that it is identified with life of which consciousness is said to be the essence. Like the monads of Leibnitz, the Jivas of Jainism are qualitatively alike and only qualitatively different and the whole universe is literally filled with them. Characterastic of Jiva Jiva has been characterized as 'Upayogo Laksanam.' It means Upayoga is the characteristic of Jiva. Upayoga denotes the power of knowing. The power of knowing may be seen in consciousness. Where there is no consciousness there can be found no power of knowing. Therefore, Jiva may be known as possessed of consciousness (cetana). Upayoga consists of knowledge (Jnana) and faith (Darsana). But every Jiva whether it is small undeveloped insect or developed human being, possesses four infinites (Ananta Catustaya). * Lecturer, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi

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118 : sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 Infinite Darsana (Ananta Faith) Infinite Knowledge (Ananta Jnana) Infinite Bliss (Ananta Ananda) Infinite Power (Ananta Virya) There are two types of Upayoga - Jnanopayoga and Darsnopayoga. The Jnanopayoga is determinates (Savikalpa) while Darsnopayoga is indeterminate (Nirvikalpa) Jnanopayoga Jnanopayoga is further devided as a. Svabhavajnana The knowledge which is related to soul and which needs no help from any sense or mind. It is also named as Kevalajnana, which is a complete knowledge or omniscience. So the Kevaliis addressed as omniscient. b. Vibhavajnana The knowledge which is incomplete and which needs help from different senses, mind and soul also is known as Vibhavajnana. The Vibhavajnanais divided into two classes-SamyakJnana (Right Knowledge) and Mithya Jnana (False Knowledge). Samyak-Jnana has four types1. Matijnana- The knowledge based on senses and mind is known as Matijnana, such as sight, touch, taste, smell, sound etc. 2. Srutajnana- The knowledge acquired through scripture and hearing the teachings of saints, seers and great scholars. 3. Avadhijnana- The knowledge about thing having from (Rupa), obtained though soul is known as Avadhijnana. Manahparyayajnana-To know the different modes (paryaya) of other's mind (mana), through soul is considered as the Manahparyayajnana. Mithyajnana has also three types: 1. Matyajnana- The false knowledge concerning matijnana is called mithyajnana.

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Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics : 119 2. Srutajnana- The false knowledge concerning srutajnana is named as srutajnana. 3. Vibhangajnana- The false knowledge concerning avadhijnana is called vibhangajnana. Darsnopayoga The Darsnopayoga is of two types- Svabhavadarsana (the upayoga) related to soul. It is self-organized and natural. It is also a complete knowledge. The vibhava darsana has three types 1. Caksudarsana- The indeterminate knowledge attained through eye is called caksudarsana, such as in the darkness of night something is seen but not clearly. 2. Acaksudarsana- The indeterminate kriowledge attained through other senses except eye and mind is called Acaksudarsana, such as sound coming from far distance is heard but its particularly is not known. 3. Avadhidarsana- The indeterminate knowledge achieved through soul, Aout the thing having from known as Avadhidarsana. A Jiva is a real knower (Inata), a real agent (Karta) and a real experient (Bhokta). 3 It is self-illuminated and illuminator of others. Moreover it has extension. It extended itself according to the body it possesses. Generally it has been accepted that consciousness possesses no extension because extension lies where there is form or figure. Because conscious is without form, it has no extension. But the Jaina Philosophy asserts that extension found in the Jivais like light. There is seen no conflict between lights presented by the different sources in the same room. In the same way the extension of Jivadoes not create any conflict which is always found with material things. Nature of Jiva In the Jaina Philosophy substance consists of attribute (Guna) and modes (Paryaya). Consciousness is the attribute of the Jiva and

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Sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 its various forms are modes. The different modes are known as a Bhava or Nature of Jiva. There are five Bhavas: 120 : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Aupasamika- The terms aupasamika has been originated form 'Upasama' which means suppression. So the aupasamika-bhava or state comes into existence due to the suppression of the deluding karmas. As the water becomes clean when the dust mingled in it comes down in the pot. Ksayika- The ksayika state is seen due to the elimination of the eight types of karmas. As the water becomes pure when all dirty things found in it are taken away from it. Ksayopasamika- The term Ksayopasamika is a combined form of 'Ksayika' and 'Aupasamika.' It means in the state some karmas are suppressed and some karmas are eliminated. As some dirty things are taken away from water and some dirty things come down in the pot. And as a result of that the water becomes clean. Audayika- The term Audayika originates from 'Udaya' which means 'to rise.' In this state the suppresses karmas rise again. As the dirty things placed in the lower portion of the pot rise and come in the upper portion. In this way the water becomes dirty. Parinamika- The state constitute the innate nature of Jiva i.e. jivatva of a Jiva. Kinds of Jiva The Jivas are classified into two division3 - a. Mukta who is liberated and b. Baddha who is bound by worldly attachment. The liberated Jivas are beyond any class. But the Baddha Jivas are divided mainly into two classes- Trasa and sthavara. Trasa means mobile while sthavara means immobile. The immobile Jivas are found in the atoms of earth, water, fire, air and vegetables. The one sense Jivas has only one sence of touch.

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Concept of Jiva in Jaina Metaphysics : 121 Jivas are divided into four kinds: 1. Two sensed Jivas having touch and taste, for example, worm etc: Three sensed Jivas having touch and taste and smell. For example, ants etc. 3. Four sensed Jivas having touch, taste, smell and sight, for example, bumble-bee etc. 4. Five sensed Jivas having touch, taste, smell and sight and hearing, for example human beings etc. Thus we find that in each class there is one sense organ more than those of the one proceeding it. The five sensed Jivas are again classified into two classes?(i) Samanaska Jiva having mana or mind as man. (ii) Amanaska Jiva having no mind as animals. The Jivas have their status (Gatiyar): i. Manusya- Human being. ii. Tiryamca- Other than human being living on this world. iii. Deva-Deities living in heaven. iv. Naraka- Those who reside in hell. It is asserted that Jivas are born in these four gatis according to their punya karmas i.e. demerits. Jainism further believes that for moksa, i.e. complete salvation, birth in the human form is essential and that those in order forms or gatis will attain salvation only after taking birth in manusya-gati, i.e. human form. To conclude the concept of Jiva in Jaina metaphysics, it is peculiar in many respect that of concept of Jiva maintained by other philosophical traditions. In Jainism Jiva is eternal as well as many. The pure consciousness, Jivadue to being defiled by Karmas, forgets its true nature of infinite knowledge, infinite perception, infinite power and infinite bliss and experiences sorrow and sufferings till it

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122: sramana, Vol 59, No. 1/January-March 2008 completely freed by Karmas. In Jainism Jiva is totally independent entity. It is not dependent on any outer agency like God or Isvara to reach its final goal i.e. cmancipation. References: Jivajivasrava bandhasam varaniriaramoksastattvam, Tattvarthasutra, 1/4 Sharma, C. D., Indian Philosophy, p. 74 Ibid. Tantia, Nathmal, That which is, p. 33 Samsarino muktasca, Tattvarthasutra, 2/10 Samsarinastrasasthavara", ibid, 2/13 Samanaskamanaskah, ibid, 2/11 7.

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa meM 'hamArA paryAvaraNa aura Asanna saMkaTa' viSayaka tIna divasIya antarrASTrIya sammelana sampanna vaaraannsii| 27-29 mArca 2008 / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI; veda vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0, vArANasI aura suruci kalA kendra, vArANasI ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM 'hamArA paryAvaraNa aura Asanna saMkaTa' viSaya para tIna divasIya antarrASTrIya sammelana kA Ayojana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM kiyA gyaa| jisameM bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke pratibhAgiyoM ke atirikta nepAla, zrIlaMkA, jApAna aura thAilaiNDa ke vidvAnoM ne bhI apanA zodha-patra prastuta kiyaa| saMgoSThI kA udghATana prAcyavidyA dharma vijJAna saMkAya kAhi0vi0vi0 ke seminAra haoNla meM huaa| udghATana-satra ke mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM padhAre cipako Andolana praNetA va bhAratavarSa ke prakhyAta paryAvaraNavid zrI sundaralAla bahuguNA ne kahA ki vikAsa kI aMdhI daur3a ne paryAvaraNa ke sabhI avayavoM ko pradUSita kara diyA hai| yahA~ taka ki mA~ gaMgA ko bhI na to svaccha rahane diyA hai aura na hI avirala bahane diyA hai| gaMgA bhAratIya saMskRti kI AdhAra aura deza kI jAna hai| aise meM jarUrata hai kAzI ke beTe-beTiyA~ apanI mA~ ko bacAne ke lie Age Ae~ tabhI deza meM jIvana va asmitA kI rakSA ho skegii| unhoMne kahA ki bhogavAdI saMskRti kA pahalA tohaphA hai- prduussnn| isa saMkaTa kA eka kAraNa yaha hai ki hamane mahilAoM ko pIche kara rakhA hai| isa pradUSaNa mukti ke lie unheM Age lAnA hogaa| kisI khAmI ko dUra karane ke lie striyA~ hI sakSama haiM, kyoMki unameM mamatA hotI hai| dIpa prajvalana dvArA sammelana kA udghATana karate hue prasiddha paryAvaraNavid zrI sundara lAla bahuguNA jI evaM pro0 vIrabhadra mizra SANSAR ASIANE

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124 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 mukhya vaktA brahmakumArI akAdamI (mAuMTa AbU)ke zrI mohana siMhala ne kahA ki vijJAna se tarakkI to ho rahI hai, lekina pradUSaNa bhI bar3ha rahA hai| isa vijJAna ne Antarika zaktiyoM ko kamajora kara diyA hai| isake pariNAma ko unhoMne 'isa daura meM tarakkI ke aMdAja nirAle haiM, diloM meM aMdhere haiM para sar3akoM para ujAle haiM se vyakta kiyaa| viziSTa atithi prophesara rAmajI siMha, pUrva kulapati, jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM ,ne vaizvIkaraNa ke pariprekSya meM Asanna paryAvaraNa saMkaTa ko batAte hue jaina jIvana zailI ko eka mAtra pAryavaraNa saMkaTa kA nivAraNa maanaa| unhoMne kahA ki jaba taka vyakti ahiMsAvAdI nahIM hogA, usakI vicAradhArA anekAntavAdI nahIM hogI,jaba taka aparigrahavAdI jIvanazailI aMgIkAra nahIM karegA taba taka paryAvaraNIya Asanna saMkaTa kA nivAraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| udghATana satra kI adhyakSatA karate hue saMkaTamocana maMdira ke mahaMtavaparyAvaraNavid prophesara vIrabhadra mizra ne kahA ki isa taraha ke AyojanoM se logoM ko preraNA milegI aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kI mukti meM sahAyatA bhii| isa mauke para veda vibhAga ke prAdhyApaka DaoN0 upendra kumAra tripAThI kI pustaka 'yajurveda meM paryAvaraNa tathA prAkRta bhASA ke marmajJa prophesara rAmajI rAya dvArA sampAdita zodha-patrikA prAkRta bhAratI kA vimocana bhI kiyA gyaa| sammelana ke prArambha meM veda vibhAgAdhyakSa prophesara hRdayaraMjana zarmA ne atithiyoM kA svAgata kiyaa| saMcAlana DaoN0 sumana jaina, upAcArya, hindI vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0 ne kiyA tathA dhanyavAda jJApana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke DAirekTara-iMcArja DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ne kiyaa| sammelana ke dUsare dina 28-03-2008 ko prAta: 9.00 baje se sAyaM 5.00 bajetaka samAnAntara pA~casatra calAye gaye jisameM 250 zodha-patroM kA vAcana huaa|str kIadhyakSatAprophesarakamalezakumArajaina,jaina-bauddhadarzana vibhAga,prAcyavidyAsaMkAya, kA0hi0vi0vi0 DaoN0 zrIprakAzapANDeya,upAcArya,darzanaevaMdharmavibhAga,kA0hi0vi0vi0; DaoN0 dInAnAthazarmA,vibhAgAdhyakSa,prAkRta vibhAga,gujarAtavizvavidyAlaya,ahamadAbAda; DaoN0 kauzika rAvala,uttara gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya,pATaNatathADaoN0 harinArAyaNa tivArI, jmmuu,nekii| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI ora seDaoN. sudhA jainane paryAvaraNa aura vanaspatiH jaina dharma ke sandarbha meM viSaya para apanA zodha-patra prastuta kiyaa| __ tIsare dina 29-03-2008 ko sammelana kA samApana samAroha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| prAta: 9.00 baje se madhyAhna 2.30 baje taka pA~ca satroM meM 150 zodha-patroM kA vAcana huaa| satra kI adhyakSatA prophesara sItArAma dUbe, prA.bhA.i.saM. evaM purAtattva vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0; prophesara kamaleza kumAra jaina,

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa meM : 125 jaina-bauddha darzana vibhAga, prAcyavidyA saMkAya, kA hi0vi0vi0; DaoN0 kauzika rAvala, pATaNa; DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha, bajaraMga mahAvidyAlaya, baliyA, DaoN0 harihara siMha, prA.bhA.i.saM. evaM purAtattva vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0, ne kii| __ aparAhna 3.30 baje samApana satra meM bataura mukhya atithi maigsese puraskAra se sammAnita DaoN0 saMdIpa pANDeya ne kahA ki pradUSaNa se chuTakArA bhASaNa se saMbhava nahIM hai| isake lie sabhI ko vyaktigata stara para pahala karanA hogaa| hameM apanI jIvana zailI ko badalanA hogaa| bhogavAdI pravRtti ko tyAganA hogaa| duniyAM kA koI bhI deza pAnI nahIM banA sakatA,alabattA jalasrotoM kA aniyaMtrita dohana avazya kiyA jA rahA hai| minarala vATara, kolaDriMksa hamArI bhogavAdI soca kI dena hai,ina para lagAma kasane para hI sabhI ko pIne yogya jala bhaviSya meM mila paayegaa| samApana satra ko sambodhita karate hue DaoN0 sandIya pANDeya evaM maMcAsIna pro0 kamaleza datta tripAThI, DaoN0 satyendra tripAThI, pro0 hRdaya raMjana zarmA evaM DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya viziSTa atithi prophesara satyendra tripAThI ne kahA ki hameM apanI AvazyakatAoM ko dAyare taka sImita karanA hogaa| aneka deza aise haiM aise haiM jahA~ zaucAlaya kA istemAla yadi sAsa karatI hai to bahU usa zaucAlaya kA upayoga nahIM karatI jisase pAnI kA apavyaya hotA hai| ataH hameM aise soca se bacanA hogaa| samApana-satra ke prArambha meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke DAirekTara-iMcArja DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ne paryAvaraNa ke prati prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kI sajagatA para prakAza DAlate hue atithiyoM kA svAgata kiyaa| saMcAlana DaoN0 sumana jaina ne kiyA aura dhanyavAda jJApana prophesara hRdayaraMjana zarmA ne kiyaa| sAdhvIvRMda kA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se sAnanda vihAra kharataragaccha-jyoti pUjyA sAdhvIvaryA zrI candraprabhA zrI ma.sA. kI cAra ziSyAe~ - sAdhvI zrI saMyamapUrNA zrI jI, sAdhvI ratnanidhi zrI jI, sAdhvI puNyanidhi zrI jI aura sAdhvI zraddhAnidhi zrI jI ma0sA0 adhyayanArtha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha padhArI thiiN| inameM sAdhvI zrI ratnanidhi zrI jI aura sAdhvI puNyanidhi zrI jI kramazaH 'jaina

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126 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 vijJAna evaM zilpa vijJAna kI avadhAraNA' tathA 'jyotiSazAstra meM muhUrta vijJAna kI vaijJAnika avadhAraNA' viSaya para zodha kArya meM saMlagna thiiN| Apane apane zodha viSaya se sambandhita samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM pro0 javAhara mizra, pUrva adhyakSa, jyotiSa vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0 tathA vartamAna adhyakSa pro0 candramA pANDeya se carcA-paricarcA kI / isI bIca sAdhvI dvaya ne DaoN0 sudhA jaina se yoga evaM prekSAdhyAna viSaya kA bhI adhyayana kiyaa| do mAha ke sukhada pravAsa meM Apane pArzvanAtha vidyApITha tathA kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlayoM kA sadupayoga kiyA / 12 apraila 2008 ko Apa sabhI yahA~ se bhelUpura maMdira, vArANasI ke lie sukhada vihAra kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM mAsika saMgoSThI kA Ayojana jainadharma, kalA, itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva Adi viSayoM meM kAryarata udIyamAna zodha - chAtroM evaM jaina vidyA meM ruci rakhane vAle sudhIjanoM hetu pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne eka mAsika evaM traimAsika saMgoSThI sirIja gata varSa prArambha kiyA thaa| mAsika saMgoSThI sirIja ke antargata janavarI mAha meM DaoN0 vijaya kumAra, prAdhyApaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne 'dehAtmavAda : eka vizleSaNa' viSaya para apanA zodha-patra prastuta kiyaa| pharavarI mAha meM DaoN0 sudhA jaina, variSTha prAdhyApaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne 'yoga meM vaoNsa-prakriyA kA mahattva' viSaya para sAragarbhita zodha- -patra kA vAcana kiyaa| mArca mAha meM zrI omaprakAza siMha, pustakAlayAdhyakSa, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne 'jaina koza paramparA - eka adhyayana' viSaya para mahattvapUrNa Alekha prastuta kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA prakAzita pustaka ko zrI pradIpa kumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra' yaha harSa kA viSaya hai ki DaoN0 bI0 rameza kumAra gAdiyA dvArA likhita va pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI dvArA prakAzita pustaka 'madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya para jaina darzana kA prabhAva' ko varSa 2007 kA 'zrI pradIpa kumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra' pradAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha puraskAra pratyeka varSa ucca koTi kI racanA para 'zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha' bIkAnera dvArA pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki zrI pradIpa kumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra ke nirNAyaka maNDala ke sammAnita sadasyoM meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke DAirekTara iMcArja DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya bhI the| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI ora se DaoN0 bI0 rameza kumAra gAdiyA ko hArdika badhAI / kAlIna hindI sAhitya para

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zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 jaina jagat syAdvAdamahAvidyAlaya,vArANasI ke zatAbdI varSa para pUrva snAtaka bRhad sammelana zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA aba se 103 varSa pUrva 1905 meM zrutapaMcamI ko pUjya gaNeza prasAda varNI jI dvArA kI gaI thii| ve isa mahAvidyAlaya ke saMsthApaka hokara bhI isake prathama chAtra va nyAyAcArya bne| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM sampUrNa deza ke jaina vidvAnoM kI vizAla paramparA meM 80 pratizata vidvAn isI vidyAlaya kI dena haiN| saptama tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI janmabhUmi bhadainI meM pavitra gaMgA taTa para pratiSThita isa mahanIya mahAvidyAlaya ke zatAbdI varSa kA dvi-divasIya samApana samAroha bhavyatA ke sAtha 25 evaM 26 maI 2008 ko bRhad rUpa meM ayojita kiyA jA rahA hai| isake antargata vibhinna kAryakramoM meM vidvat saMgoSThI, pUrva snAtaka sammelana, pratiSThita vidvAnoM kA sammAna tathA zatAbdI varSa para prakAzita smArikA evaM anya granthoM kA vimocana prastAvita hai| isa Ayojana ko bhavyatA pradAna karane hetu isI sUcanA ke mAdhyama se Ayojana samiti ne yahAM ke pUrva snAtakoM tathA anya sabhI vidvAnoM, zrImantoM Adi se sujhAva bhI sAdara AmaMtrita kiye haiN| deza ke kone-kone meM pratiSThita isa vidyAlaya ke sammAnIya pUrva snAtakoM ko isa samAroha meM isI sUcanA ke mAdhyama se savinaya AmaMtrita karane ke sAtha unase nivedana hai ki ve apanA vartamAna patA, phona naM0 Adi sUcanAyeM zIghra bhijavAne kA kaSTa kareM, tAki samAroha meM unheM sAdara Amantrita kiyA jA ske| __ isa samAroha meM jahAM aneka pUjanIya santoM kA pAvana sAnnidhya prApta hogA, vahIM deza ke gaNamAnya netAoM, zreSThioM, zikSAvidoM tathA vidvAnoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuMDezana dvArA protsAhana puraskAra vitaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuMDezana kI sthApanA san 1994 meM huii| niHsvArtha bhAva se vibhinna kSetroM meM sevArata vyaktiyoM aura saMsthAoM ko prativarSasammAnita kara tIna puraskAroM dvArA protsAhana pradAna karanA phAuMDezana kA uddezya hai| ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra, zikSA evaM cikitsA tathA rASTra aura samAjasevA ke kSetra meM viziSTa yogadAna ke lie pratyeka puraskAra svarUpa pAMca lAkha rupaye nakada, prazastipatra evaM smRti cihna pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| deza bhara meM aba taka bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuMDezana dvArA 29 puraskAra die jA cuke haiN|

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128 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1/janavarI-mArca 2008 ___phAuMDezana ke adhyakSa zrI ena0 sugAlacaMdajI jaina ne 27 mArca 2008 ko presa klaba meM Ayojita presa kAnphreMsa se bArahaveM bhagavAna mahAvIra puraskAroM kI ghoSaNA kii| samagra deza se prApta lagabhaga 300 nAmAMkanoM meM se zreSTha cayana hetu nirNAyaka maMDala kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| bhArata ke pUrva nyAyadhIza zrI ema0ena0 veMkaTacellayA jI, pUrva rAjyamaMtrI zrI rAmanivAsa mirdhA jI, bAra ekTa laoN zrI dIpacanda jI gArDI, pratiSThita sAdhvI evaM samAja sudhAraka pUjya AcAryazrI caMdanAjI mahArAja, AI0e0esa0 sevAnivRtta pUrva adhyakSa, sebI padmabhUSaNa zrI DI0Ara0 mehatA jI, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana meMgalora keMdra ke adhyakSa prophesara bI0ema0 hegar3e jI evaM bhAratIya mukhya nirvAcana Ayukta (sevAnivRtta) zrI TI0esa0 kRSNamUrti jI ne zAmila hokara isa nirNAyaka maMDala ko suzobhita kiyaa| tInoM puraskAroM kA vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai - puraskAra 'e' ___ ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra ke kSetra meM vanya prANiyoM kI surakSA ke lie zreSTha bhUmikA hetu 'ekzana phaoNra proTekzana oNpha vAilDa enimls',udd'iisaa|| puraskAra 'bI' zikSA aura cikitsA ke kSetra meM zreSTha bhUmikA hetu 'mahAtmA gAMdhI cikitsA vijJAna saMsthAna, sevAgrAma', mhaaraassttr| puraskAra 'sI' rASTra aura samAja sevA ke kSetra meM zreSTha bhUmikA hetu 'amara sevA saMgama, aIkuDI, tirunelavelI jilA', tmilnaaddu| bhagavAna mahAvIra phAuMDezana ke TrasTI zrI esa0 vinodakumAra jI aura mAnanIya prabaMdhaka TrasTI zrI pI0vI0 kRSNamUrti jI (AI0e0e0esa0, sevAnivRtta) bhI isa samAroha meM upasthita the|

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- zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 2008 - sAhitya satkAra pustaka samIkSA jinavallabhasUri-granthAvali, sampA0- sAhitya vAcaspati mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prakAzaka- prAkRta bhAratI, 13-e mena mAlavIya nagara, jayapura, sAijaDimAI, pRSTha- 49+10+326=385, mUlya 260.00 rupye|| jinavallabhasUri-granthAvali, bArahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya jo navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke paTTadhara the, kI racanA hai| jinavallabhasUri bArahavIM zatAbdI ke udbhaTa vidvAn the| darzana, dharma, vyAkaraNa, nATya Adi viSayoM meM inakA ekAdhikAra thaa| yadyapi inhoMne vividha viSayoM para zatAdhika granthoM kI sRjanA kI thI lekina Aja sabhI upalabdha nahIM hai| jo upalabdha haiM unheM hI mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ne apane kuzala sampAdakatva meM saMkalita karane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai| unake isa prayAsa se jJAnapipAsuoM ko kahIM bhaTakane kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'egii| pustaka saMgrahaNIya hai| jinavallabhasUri ke jina granthoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai unake nAma haiM 1. sUkSmArthavicArasAroddhAraprakaraNam, 2. AgamikavastuvicArasAraprakaraNam, 3. sarvajIvazarIrAvagAhanAstavaH, 4. piNDavizuddhiprakaraNam,5. zrAvakavratakulakam, 6.pauSadhavidhiprakaraNam,7. pratikramaNa-samAcArI,8.svaprasaptati, 9.dvAdazakulakAni, 10. dharmazikSAprakaraNam, 11. saGghapaTTakaH 12. zRMgArazatakAvyam,13. praznottaraikaSaSTizatakAvyam, 14. citrakUTIya-vIracaitya-prazasti 15. citrakUTIya-pArzvacaitya-prazastiH, 16. AdinAthacaritam , 17. zAntinAthacaritam, 18. neminAthacaritam, 19. pArzvanAthacaritam, 20. mahAvIracaritam, 21. vIra-caritra, 22. caturviMzati-jina-stutayaH, 23. caturviMzati-jina-stotrANi, 24. naMdIzvara-caitya-stava, 25. sarvajinapaJcakalyANaka-stotram, 26. sarvajina-paJcakalyANaka-stotram, 27. mahAbhaktigarbhA sarvajJavijJaptikA, 28. prathama-jina-stavanam, 29. laghu-ajita-zAnti-stavanam, 30. stambhana-pArzvajina-stotram, 31. kSudropadravaharapArzvajina-stotram, 32. mahAvIra vijJaptikA, 33. mahAvIrasvAmistotram, 34. sarvajinezvarastotram, 35. paJcakalyANakastotram (prItidvAtriMzi0), 36. kalyANakastotram (purandara pura0), 37. pArzvanAthastotram

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130 : zramaNa, varSa 59, aMka 1 / janavarI-mArca 2008 ( namasyagIrvANa 0 ), 38. pArzvanAthastotram (pAyAtpArzva0 ), 39. pArzvanAtastotram (devAdhIza 0 ), 40. stambhana - pArzvanAtastotram (samudyanto 0 ), 41. stambhana - pArzvanAtastotram (vinayavinamad0 ), 42. stambhana - pArzvanAtastotram citrakAvyAtmakam (zaktizUleSu0 ), 43. stambhana - pArzvanAtastotram cakrASTakam (cakre yasya natiH ), 44. sarasvatI - stotram (sarabhasalasad 0 ), 45. navakAra - -stotram (kiM kiM kappataru0 ) / grantha ke prArambha meM sampAdaka ne sabhI 45 granthoM kA hindI bhASA meM sArAMza dekara ise aura bhI sarala banA diyA hai / anta meM chaH pariziSTa atyanya hI upAdeya haiN| isake lie sampAdaka sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| * DaoN0 vijaya kumAra prAdhyApaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI

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sAbhAra 1. bAvaNI, lekhaka - DaoN0 kavina zAha, prakA0 - kusuma ke0 zAha, 103, jIvana jyoti apArTamenTa, sI0 bilDiMga, vajAriyA baMdara roDa, vIlImorA / 2. . jaina zAstronA cUMTelA zloko, saMkalanakartA - munizrI guNahaMsa vijayajI, kamala prakAzana TrasTa, jIvata lAla pratApazI saMskRti bhavana, 2777, nizA pola, jhaverI vADa, rilIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda | prakA0 3. svAdhyAya dohana sArtha, sampA0 - hemabhUSaNa sUrIzvarajI, prakA0- sanmArga prakAzana, jaina ArAdhanA bhavana, pAchIyAnI pola, rilIka roDa, ahmdaabaad| 4. bhAva guru vaMdana, sampA0 munizrI puNyakIrtijI, prakA0 - sanmArga prakAzana, jaina ArAdhanA bhavana, pAchIyAnI pola, rilIpha roDa, : 131 - ahmdaabaad| 5. rAjakumAra vardhamAnanuM lagnajIvana, lekhaka - paM0 candrazekhara vijaya jI kamala prakAzana TrasTa, jIvata lAla pratApazI saMskRti bhavana, 2777, nizA pola, jhaverI vADa, rilIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda / prakA0 - prakA0 6. dazavaikAlikasUtra (cUlikA vivecana ), lekhaka - paM0 candrazekhara vijayajI, kamala prakAzana TrasTa, jIvata lAla pratApazI saMskRti bhavana, 2777, nizApola, jhaverIvADa, rilIpha roDa ahmdaabaad| 7. kirAtArjunIyam, preraka - paM0 candrazekhara vijayajI, prakA0- sanmArga prakAzana, jaina ArAdhanA bhavana, pAchIyAnI pola, rilIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda / 8. sametazikhara vaMdu jina vIza, lekhaka - sampA0 DaoN0 kavina zAha, prakA0 TAbena ke0 zAha, 103, jIvana jyota apArTamenTa, sI bilDiMga, narImAna pvAinTa, vIlImorA / BM 9. sajjhAya saritA, sampA0 - A0vi0 yogatilakasUri, prakA0 saMyama suvAsa, seTha jamanalAla jIvatalAla, jUmAMgana bAjAra, bhAbhara, banAsakAMThA /

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