Sramana 1991 01

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525005/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5 janavarI-mArca 1661 dirinemalonar For Private & Personal use only www.jamelteraryana

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sampAdaka DA0 azoka kumAra siMha varSa 42 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina janavarI-mArca 1991 prastuta aMka meM 1. jyotirSuJja mahAvIra 2. jainadharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna evaM kalA tattva 3. jaina zramaNa sAdhanA : eka paricaya 12 sAhitya satkAra zulka vArSika cAlIsa rupaye - pukharAja bhaNDArI 4. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra janmanA brAhmaNa yA kSatriya pro0 sAgaramala jaina 1 sahasampAdaka DA0 zivaprasAda aMka 1-3 -- DA0 subhASa koThArI 33 - saubhAgyamala jaina 51 5. zramaNa - utsava lAla tivArI 'sumana' 56 6 samayasAra ke anusAra AtmA kA kartRtva-akartRtva evaM bhoktRtva- DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 57 abhoktRtva 7. bharatamuni dvArA prAkRta ko saMskRta ke sAtha pradatta sammAna aura gauravapUrNa sthAna 8. pANDava purANa meM rAjanaitika sthiti . ke 0 ---- 0 Ara0 candra 71 9. iSukArIya adhyayana evaM zAnti parva kA pitA-putra saMvAda 10 jaina bhASA darzana kI samasyAe~ 11. upadezamAlA ( dharmadAsagaNi) : eka samIkSA - rItA viznoI 75 - DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha 87 -zrImatI racanArAnI pANDeya 93 - dInAnAtha zarmA 97 101 eka prati dasa rupayA yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata ha

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jyotipuMja mahAvIra ___-pukharAja bhaNDArI apanA sarvasa chor3a calA yaha kauna pujaarii| sahaja bhAva se Aja banA yaha kauna bhikhArI // pariNAma are, isa kaThina paMtha kA kyoM nahiM socaa| bhautika sukha kI, tRSNA kI hai dRSTi nivArI // Aja bhAla para mukuTa nahIM hai, vastra nahIM haiN| Aja bhujA para zAsaka-sUcita zastra nahIM haiM / kala kA rAjA Aja dekha lo, raMka banA hai| sattA kA adhikAra nahIM hai, astra nahIM haiN| jana-jana kA mAnasa hai. itanA AloDita kyoN| are tapasvI ! mAnavatA itanI pIr3ita kyoN| Aja pazu para yajJoM kA tANDava kyoM cltaa| hiMsA-mithyA para yaha jaga itanA mohita kyoN| nArI kI yaha hIna avasthA bhalI vicaarii| chuAchUta kI agni kI kaisI cinagArI / / svArtha, pratiSThA sAdhana meM hai dharma smaayaa| astu, mahAtman ! tere tapa kI cale kaTArI // pIr3ita mAnavatA kaSToM se mukti paaye| satya-ahiMsA ke gItoM kI zakti pAye // caNDakauziyA kA viSa saba ho jAye paanii| prANi-mAtra kI sevAkI jaga bhakti pAye //

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brahmacarya kI Aja patAkA U~cI phahare / candanabAlAoM kA aMcala nabha meM lahare // gozAlaka kI mUr3ha bhAvanA miTe jagat se| anekAMta kI samyagdRSTi ! roka pralaya re|| kAnoM meM kIle ThoMke, terA kyA bigar3A ? mAna mile apamAna milA, kisakA kyA bigar3A / pahacAnI hai cetana kI maryAdA jisane / kaho deva ! phira duniyA meM kaisA hai jhagar3A / devoM kA yA indroM kA kucha yoga nahIM thaa| svargapurI ke sukhoM kA upabhoga nahIM thA / AdhyAtmika zakti kI yaha thI caramAvasthA / mRtyu nahIM thI, vRddhAvasthA, roga nahIM thA / Aja jagat ko usI zAMti kA gIta sunA do| IdveiSa miTAne kA saMgIta sunA do| bhedabhAva taja, hama tuma-se U~ce ho jAyeM / manako malako dho de, vaha navanIta batA do // tere gautama Aja kahA~ haiM devI sulasA / aMtarikSa hai Aja pralaya lapaToM meM jhulasA // do AzISa kI viSameM amRtadhArA phUTe / gale mile yaha vizva, svArtha ho jAye tRNa-sA // jagat prANiyo, tabhI tapasvI pUjita hogaa| vizva-prema kI madhuradhvani se gujita hogaa| tabhI tapasyA mahAvIra kI saphala banegI / sakala vizva meM zAMti kA svara pUrita hogA /

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jainadharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna evaM klaa nunu -pro0 sAgaramala jaina karmakANDa aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanAe~ pratyeka dharma ke anivArya aMga haiN| karmakANDa usakA zarIra hai aura adhyAtmavAda usakA prANa hai| bhAratIya dharmoM meM prAcInakAla se hI hameM ye donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotI haiN| jahA~ prArambhika vaidika dharma karmakANDAtmaka adhika rahA hai, vahA~ prAcIna zramaNa paramparAe~ sAdhanAtmaka adhika rahIM haiN| phira bhI ina donoM pravRttiyoM ko eka dUsare se pUrNatayA pRthak rakha pAnA kaThina hai| zramaNa paramparA meM AdhyAtmika aura dhArmika sAdhanA ke jo vidhi-vidhAna bane ve bhI dhIre-dhIre karmakANDa ke rUpa meM hI vikasita hote gaye / ataH vartamAna saMdarbho meM na to hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika paramparA pUrNatayA karmakANDAtmaka hai aura na yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zramaNa paramparA ke dharmoM arthAt jaina evaM bauddhadharmoM meM dhArmika karmakANDoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai| phira bhI Antarika evaM bAhya sAkSyoM se yaha sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki inameM adhikAMza karmakANDa vaidika yA brAhmaNa paramparA athavA dUsarI anya paramparAoM ke prabhAva se Aye haiM / ina donoM dharmoM ne mAtra una karmakANDoM ko apane dharma aura darzana ke DhA~ce meM DhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina paramparA mUlataH zramaNa paramparA kA hI eka aMga hai aura isalie yaha apane prArambhika rUpa meM karmakANDa kI virodhI evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA pradhAna rahI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna jaina-graMthoM meM snAna, havana, yajJa Adi karmakANDa kA virodha hI parilakSita hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usane dharma ke nAma para kiye jAne vAle ina karmakANDoM evaM anuSThAnoM ko eka AdhyAtmikarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| tatkAlIna brAhmaNa varga ne yajJa, zrAddha aura tarpaNa ke nAma para karmakANDoM evaM anuSThAnoM ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika zoSaNa kI jo prakriyA prArambha kI thI, jaina

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aura bauddha paramparAgoM meM usakA khulA virodha kiyA aura isa virodha meM unhoMne ina sabako eka nayA artha pradAna kiyaa| bhAratIya anuSThAnoM/karmakANDoM meM yajJa/homa tathA snAna ati prAcInakAla se pracalita rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "jo pA~ca saMvaroM se pUrNatayA susaMvRta haiM arthAt indriyajayI haiM jo jIvana ke prati anAsakta haiM, jinheM zarIra ke prati mamatvabhAva nahIM hai, jo pavitra haiM aura jo videha bhAva meM rahate haiM, ve AtmajayI maharSi hI zreSTha yajJa karate haiM / unake lie tapa agni hai, jIvAtmA agnikuNDa hai| mana, vacana, aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ hI kalachI (cammaca) haiM aura karmoM (pApoM) kA naSTa karanA hI Ahuti hai| yahI yajJa saMyama se yukta hone ke kAraNa zAntidAyaka aura sukhakAraka hai / RSiyoM ne aise hI yajJoM kI prazaMsA kI hai"| snAna ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai-dharma hI hRda (tAlAba) hai, brahmacarya tIrtha (ghATa) hai aura anAkula dazArUpa Atma prasannatA hI jala hai jisameM snAna karane se sAdhaka doSarahita-vimala evaM vizuddha ho jAtA hai|' buddha ne bhI aMguttaranikAya ke suttanipAta meM yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai / usameM unhoMne batAyA hai ki kauna sI agniyA~ tyAga karane ke yogya haiM aura kauna sI agniyA~ satkAra karane ke yogya haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "kAmAgni, dveSAgni aura mohAgni tyAga karane yogya haiM aura AhvAnIyAgni, gArhapatyAgni aura dakSiNAgni arthAt mAtA-pitA kI sevA, patnI aura santAna kI sevA tathA zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kI sevA karane yogya hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva aura gItA meM bhI yajJoM ke aise hI AdhyAtmika aura sevAparaka artha kiye gaye haiN| jaina paramparA ne prArambha meM dharma ke nAma para kiye jAne vAle karmakANDoM kA virodha kiyA aura apane upAsakoM tathA sAdhakoM ko dhyAna, tapa Adi kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie prerita kiyaa| jaina dharma ke prAcInatama graMthoM meM hameM dhArmika karmakANDoM evaM vidhividhAnoM ke sambandha meM kevala tapa evaM dhyAna kI vidhiyoM ke atirikta anya koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| pArzvanAtha ne to tapa ke

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karmakANDAtmaka svarUpa kA bhI virodha kiyA thaa| AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA ke prasaMga meM unakI dhyAna evaM tapa-sAdhanA kI paddhati kA ullekha karatA hai| isake pazcAt AcArAMga ke dvitIya-zrutaskandha, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi graMthoM meM hameM muni jIvana se sambandhita bhikSA, AhAra, nivAsa evaM vihAra-sambandhI niyama milate haiN| inhIM niyamoM ke saMdarbha meM uttarAdhyayana meM tapasyA ke vividha rUpoM kI carcA bhI hameM upalabdha hotI hai| tapasyA karane kI vividha vidhiyoM kI carcA hameM antakRtadazA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai jo ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke tapa sambandhI ullekhoM kI apekSA paravartI evaM anuSThAnaparaka haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki aMtagaDadasAo (aMtakRtadazA) kA vartamAna svarUpa IsA kI 5 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA hI hai / usameM guNaratnasaMvatsaratapa, ratnAvalItapa, laghusiMhakrIr3Atapa, kanakAvalItapa, muktAvalItapa, mahAsiMhaniSkrIDitatapa, sarvatobhadratapa, bhadrottaratapa, mahAsarvatobhadratapa aura AyambilavardhamAnatapa Adi ke ullekha milate haiN| jahA~ taka zramaNa sAdhakoM ke nityaprati ke dhArmika kRtyoM kA sambandha hai hameM dhyAna evaM svAdhyAya ke hI ullekha milate haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya meM dhyAna, tRtIya meM bhikSAcaryA aura caturtha meM punaH svAdhyAya kreN| isI prakAra rAtri ke cAra praharoM meM prathama meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya meM dhyAna, tRtIya meM nidrA aura caturtha meM punaH svAdhyAya kreN| nitya karma ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha 'pratikramaNa' ke milate haiM / pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA kA eka mukhya antara pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA rahI hai / mahAvIra ke 'dharma ko sapratikramaNa dharma kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM pratikramaNa eka dainika anuSThAna bnaa| isI se SaDAvazyakoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huaa| Aja bhI pratikramaNa SaDAvazyakoM ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / zve0 paramparA ke Avazyaka sUtra evaM digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke mUlAcAra meM ina SaDAvazyakoM ke ullekha haiN| ye SaDAvazyaka karma haiM-sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, guruvaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga (dhyAna) aura pratyAkhyAna / yadyapi prArambha meM

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( 4 ) ina SaDAvazyakoM kA sambandha muni jIvana se hI thA kintu Age calakara unako gRhastha - upAsakoM ke lie bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA Avazyaka niryukti meM vaMdana Adi kI vidhi evaM doSoM kI jo carcA hai usase itanA avazya lagatA hai ki kramazaH ina dainandina kriyAoM ko bhI anuSThAnaparaka evaM kalAtmaka banAyA gayA thA / yadyapi Aja eka rUr3ha kriyA ke rUpa meM hI SaDAvazyakoM ko sampanna kiyA jAtA hai / jahA~ taka gRhastha upAsakoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM yA anuSThAnoM kA prazna hameM unake sambandha meM bhI dhyAna evaM upoSatha yA prauSadha vidhi ke prAcIna ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / upAsakadazAMga meM zakaDAlaputra evaM kuNDakaulika ke dvArA madhyAhna meM azokavana meM zilApaTTa para baiThakara uttarIya vastra evaM AbhUSaNa utArakara mahAvIra kI dharmaprajJapti kI sAdhanA arthAt sAmAyika evaM dhyAna karane kA ullekha hai / ' bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki nigraMtha zramaNa apane upAsakoM ko mamatvabhAva kA visarjana kara kucha samaya ke lie samabhAva evaM dhyAna kI sAdhanA karavAte the / 10 isI prakAra bhagavatI sUtra meM bhojanoparAnta athavA nirAhAra rahakara zrAvakoM ke dvArA prauSadha karane ke ullekha milate haiM / tripiTaka meM bauddhoM ne nirgrathoM ke upoSatha kI AlocanA bhI kI hai / isase yaha bAta puSTa hotI hai ki prauSadha kI paramparA mahAvIrakAlIna to hai hI / " sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra kI jo stuti upalabdha hotI hai, vaha sambhavataH jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke stavana kA prAcInatama rUpa hai / 13 usake bAda kalpasUtra, bhagavatIsUtra evaM rAjapraznIya meM hameM vIrAsana se zakrastava (namotthuNaM) kA pATha karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 14 digambara paramparA meM Aja vaMdana ke avasara para jo 'namosstu' kahane kI paramparA hai vaha isI 'namotthUNaM' kA saMskRta rUpa hai / durbhAgya se digambara paramparA meM yaha prAkRta kA sampUrNa pATha surakSita nahIM raha sakA / caturviMzatistava kA eka rUpa AvazyakasUtra meM upalabdha hai ise 'logassa " kA pATha kahate haiM / yaha pATha kucha parivartana ke sAtha digambara paramparA ke graMtha tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI upalabdha hai / tIna AvartI ke dvArA 'tivakhutto' pATha se tIrthaMkara, guru evaM muni-vaMdana kI 12 "

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prakriyA bhI prAcInakAla meM pracalita rahI hai| aneka AgamoM meM tatsambandhI ullekha haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita 'tikhutto' ke pATha kA hI eka parivartita rUpa hameM SaTkhaNDAgama ke karma anuyogAdvAra ke 28 veM sUtra meM milatA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie donoM pATha vicAraNIya hai ( dekheM, pAda TippaNI )* guruvaMdana ke lie 'khamAsamanA' ke pATha kI prakriyA usakI apekSA paravartIhai / yadyapi yaha pATha Avazyaka jaise apekSAkRta prAcIna Agama meM milatA hai phira bhI isameM prayukta kSamAzramaNa (khamAsamaNo) zabda ke AdhAra para pro0 DhAkI ise 5 vIM zatI ke lagabhaga kA mAnate haiN| kyoMki taba se jainAcAryoM ke lie 'kSamAzramaNa' pada kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| guruvaMdana se hI caityoM kA nirmANa hone paracaityavaMdana kA vikAsa huaa| caityavaMdana kI vidhi ko lekara aneka svataMtra graMtha bhI likhe gaye haiN| ___isI stavana evaM vaMdana kI prakriyA kA vikasita rUpa jinapUjA meM upalabdha hotA hai, jo ki jaina anuSThAna kA mahattvapUrNa evaM apekSAkRta prAcIna aMga hai| vastutaH vaidika karmakANDa kI virodhI janajAtiyoM evaM bhaktimArgI paramparA meM dhArmika anuSThAna ke rUpa meM pUjA-vidhi kA vikAsa huA thA aura zramaNa paramparA meM tapasyA aura dhyAna kaa| yakSapUjA ke prAcInatama ullekha jainAgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| phira isI bhaktimArgIdhArA kA prabhAva jaina aura bauddha dharmoM para bhI par3A aura unameM tapa, saMyama evaM dhyAna ke sAtha jina evaM buddha kI pUjA kI bhAvanA vikasita huii| pariNAmataH prathama stUpa, caitya Adi ke rUpa meM pratIka pUjA prArambha huI phira siddhAyatana (jina-mandira) Adi bane aura buddha evaM jina pratimA kI pUjA hone lgii| phalataH jina* tikkhutto AyAhINaM payAhINaM karemi vaMdAmi namasAmi sakkA remi sammAnemi kallANaM maMgalaM devayaM ceiyaM pajjuvAsAmi matthayeNa vNdaami| (noTa-yaha pATha kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha aneka AgamoM meM upalabdha hai|) tamAdAhINaM padAhINaM tikkhuttaM tiyoNada cadusiraM vArasAvataM ta savva kiriyApaNAma / -SaTkhaNDAgama, karmaanuyogadvAra 28 /

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pUjA evaM dAna ko gRhastha kA mukhya kartavya mAnA gyaa| digambara paramparA meM to gRhastha ke lie SaDAvazyaka ke sthAna para nimna SaT dainika kRtyoM kI kalpanA kI gayI-jinapUjA, gurusevA,svAdhyAya,tapa, saMyama evaM dAna / hameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI Adi prAcIna AgamoM meM jinapUjA kI vidhi kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| apekSAkRta paravartI AgamoM-sthAnAMga Adi meM jinapratimA evaM jinamandira (siddhAyatana) ke ullekha haiM, kintu unameM pUjA sambandhI kisI anuSThAna kI carcA nahIM hai| jabaki rAjapraznIya meM sUryAbhadeva aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM draupadI ke dvArA jinapratimAoM ke pUjana ke ullekha haiN| rAjapraznIya ke ve aMza jisameM sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA jinapratimA-pUjana evaM jina ke samakSa vAdya, saMgIta, nRtya, nATaka Adi ke ullekha haiM-jJAtAdharmakathA se paravartI hai aura guptakAla ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| cAhe rAjapraznIya kI prasenajit-sambandhI kathA purAnI ho, kintu sUryAbhadeva sambandhI kathA prasaMga meM jinamandira ke pUrNataH vikasita sthApatya ke jo saMketa haiM, ve use guptakAla se pUrva kA siddha nahIM karate haiN| phira bhI yaha satya hai ki jina-pUjA-vidhi kA isase vikasita evaM prAcIna ullekha zve0 paramparA ke AgamasAhitya meM anyatra nahIM haiN| AcArya kundakunda rayaNasAra meM likhate haiMdANaM pUjA mukkha sAvayadhamme Na sAvayA teNa vi nnaa| jhANajjhayaNaM mukkha jai dhamme Na taM viNA so vi // arthAt gRhastha ke kartavyoM meM dAna aura pUjA mukhya haiM aura yati/zramaNa ke kartavyoM meM dhyAna aura svAdhyAya mukhya haiN| isa prakAra pUjA sambandhI anuSThAnoM ko gRhastha ke kartavya ke rUpa meM pradhAnatA milii| pariNAmataH gRhasthoM ke lie ahiMsAdi aNuvratoM kA pAlana utanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM raha gayA jitanA pUjA Adi vidhi-vidhAna ko sampanna krnaa| prathama to pUjA ko kRtikarma (sevA) kA eka rUpa mAnA gayA, kintu Age calakara use atithisaMvibhAga kA aMga mAnA gyaa|

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digambara paramparA meM bhI jaina anuSThAnoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama hameM kundakunda racita dasa bhaktiyoM meM evaM mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhyayana meM milatA hai / jaina zaurasenI meM racita ina sabhI bhaktiyoM ke praNetA kundakunda haiM-yaha kahanA kaThina hai, phira bhI kundakunda ke nAma se upalabdha bhaktiyoM meM se pA~ca para prabhAcandra kI kriyAkalApa nAmaka TIkA hai| ataHkisI sImA taka ina meM se kucha ke kartA ke rUpa meM kundakunda ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM saMskRta bhASA meM racita bAraha bhaktiyA~ bhI milatI haiN| ina saba bhaktiyoM meM mukhyataH paMcaparameSThI-tIrthaMkara, siddha, AcArya, muni evaM zruta Adi kI stutiyA~ haiM / zve0 paramparA meM jisa prakAra namotthuNaM (zakrastava), logassa (caturviMzatistava), caityavaMdana Adi upalabdha haiN| usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI ye bhaktiyA~ upalabdha haiN| inake AdhAra para aisA lagatA hai ki prAcInakAla meM jinapratimAoM ke sammukha kevala stavana Adi karane ko paramparA rahI hogii| vaise mathurA se prApta kuSANakAlIna purAtattvIya avazeSoM meM kamala ke dvArA jinapratimA ke arcana ke pramANa haiM-isakI puSTi rAjapraznIya se bhI hotI hai / yadyapi bhAvapUjA ke rUpa meM stavana kI yaha paramparA-jo ki jaina anuSThAna vidhi kA saralatama evaM prAcInarUpa hai, Aja bhI nirvivAda rUpa se calI A rahI hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAe~ muniyoM ke lie kevala bhAvapUjA arthAt stavana kA hI vidhAna karatI haiN| dravyapUjA ke sambandha meM rAjapraznIya meM vaNita sUryAbhadeva dvArA kI jAne vAlI pUjA-vidhi Aja bhI (zve0 paramparA meM) usI rUpa meM pracalita hai| usameM pratimA ke pramArjana, snAna, aMgaprocchana, gaMdha-vilepana, gaMdhamAlya, vastra Adi ke arpaNa ke ullekha haiN| rAjapraznIya meM ullikhita pUjAvidhi bhI jaina paramparA meM ekadama vikasita nahIM huI hai| stavana se caityavaMdana aura caityavaMdana se puSpa arcA prArambha huI hogii| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jinamandiroM aura jinabimboM ke nirmANa ke sAtha puSpapUjA pracalita huI hogii| phira kramazaH pUjA kI sAmagrI meM vRddhi hotI gaI aura aSTadravyoM se pUjA hone lgii| DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI ke zabdoM meM-- "pUjana sAmagrI vikAsa kI eka sunizcita paramparA aura kramazaH pUjA DaoN. nemicanda bhArata

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hameM jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hotI hai / Arambha meM pUjana vidhi kevala puSpoM dvArA sampanna kI jAtI thI, phira kramazaH dhUpa, caMdana aura naivedya Adi pUjA dravyoM kA vikAsa huaa| padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa evaM jaTAsiMhanandi ke varAMgacarita se hamAre ukta kathana kA samyak samarthana hotA hai / vArAMgacarita meM rAjA zrIkaNTha kahatA hai ki maiMne nAnA prakAra ke puSpa, dhUpa aura manohArI gaMdha se bhagavAn kI pUjA karane kA saMkalpa kiyA thA, para vaha pUrA na ho sakA / (5) rAvaNa snAna kara dhautavastra pahana, svarNa aura ratnanirmita jinabimboM kI nadI ke taTa para pUjA karane lagA / usake dvArA prayukta pUjA sAmagrI meM dhUpa, caMdana, puSpa aura naivedya kA hI ullekha AyA hai, anya dravyoM kA nahIM / ataH spaSTa hai ki pracalita aSTadravyoM dvArA pUjana karane kI prathA digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbaroM kI apekSA kucha samaya ke pazcAt hI pracalita huI hogI / sthApayitvA dhUpairAlepanaiH ghanAmodasamAkRSTamadhuvrataiH puSpairmanojJairbahubhaktibhiH // - padmapurANa, 10/86 sarvaprathama harivaMzapurANa meM jinasena ne jala, caMdana, akSata, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa aura naivedya kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa ullekha meM bhI aSTadravyoM kA krama yathAvata nahIM hai aura na jala kA pRthak nirdeza hI hai / abhiSeka meM dugdha, ikSurasa, ghRta, dadhi evaM jala kA nirdeza hai, para pUjana sAmagrI meM jala kA kathana nahIM AyA hai / smaraNa rahe ki prakSAlana kI prakriyA kA agrima vikAsa abhiSeka hai jo apekSAkRta paravartI hai / aSTadravyoM kA vikAsa zanaiH zanaiH huA hai, isa kathana kI puSTi amitagatizrAvakAcAra se bhI hotI hai / isameM gaMdha, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, aura akSata ina chaH dravyoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / jaTAsiMha ne apane samaya meM pracalita samasta maMgala dravyoM se pUjana karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai / padmapurANa, padmanandikRtapaMcaviMzati, AdipurANa, harivaMzapurANa vasunandizrAvakAcAra Adi graMthoM se aSTadravyoM kA phalAdeza bhI jJAta hotA hai / yaha mAnA gayA hai ki aSTadravyoM dvArA pUjana karane sa

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aihika aura pAralaukika abhyudayoM kI prApti hotI hai| bhAvasaMgraha meM bhI aSTa dravyoM kA pRthak-pRthak phalAdeza batAyA gayA hai|" DaoN0 nemIcandajI zAstrI dvArA prastuta yaha vivaraNa digambara paramparA meM pUjA dravyoM ke kramika vikAsa ko spaSTa kara detA hai / zve0 paramparA meM paMcopacArI pUjA se aSTaprakArI pUjA aura usI se sarvopacArI yA sataraha bhedI pUjA vikasita huii| yaha sarvopacArI pUjA vaiSNavoM ko SoDazopacArI pUjA kA hI rUpa hai| bahuta kucha rUpa meM isakA ullekha rAjapraznIya meM upalabdha hai| __rAjapraznIya sUtra meM sUryAbhadeva dvArA kI gaI jinapUjA kA varNana isa prakAra hai- "sUryAbhadeva ne vyavasAya sabhA meM rakhe hue pustakaratna ko apane hAtha meM liyA, hAtha meM lekara use kholA, kholakara use par3hA aura par3hakara dhArmika kriyA karane kA nizcaya kiyA, nizcaya karake pustakaratna ko vApasa rakhA, rakhakara siMhAsana se uThA aura nandA nAmaka puSkariNI para aayaa| nandA puSkariNI meM praviSTa hokara usane apane hAtha-pairoM kA prakSAlana kiyA tathA Acamana kara pUrNarUpa se svaccha aura zUcibhUta hokara svaccha zveta jala se bharI huI bhRgAra (jhArI) tathA usa puSkariNI meM utpanna zatapatra evaM sahasrapatra kamaloM ko grahaNa kiyA phira vahA~ se calakara jahA~ siddhAyatana (jinamaMdira) thA, vahA~ aayaa| usameM pUrvadvAra se praveza karake jahA~ devachandaka aura jinapratimA thI vahA~ AyA, Akara jinapratimAoM ko praNAma kiyaa| praNAma karake lomamayI pramArjanI hAtha meM lI, pramArjanI se jinapratimA ko pramAjita kiyaa| pramArjita karake sugandhita jala se una jinapratimAoM kA prakSAlana kiyaa| prakSAlana karake una para gozIrSa caMdana kA lepa kiyaa| gozIrSa caMdana kA lepa karane ke pazcAt unheM suvAsita vastroM se poMchA, poMchakara jinapratimAoM ko akhaNDa devadUSya yugala phnaayaa| devadUSya pahanAkara puSpamAlA, gaMdhacUrNa evaM AbhUSaNa cddh'aaye| tadanantara nIce laTakatI lambI-lambI gola mAlAe~ phnaayiiN| mAlAe~ pahanAkara paMcavarNa ke puSpakuMjoM kI varSA kii| phira jinapratimAoM ke samakSa vibhinna citrAMkana kiye evaM zveta tanduloM se aSTamaMgala kA Alekhana kiyaa| usake pazcAt jina

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(10) pratimAoM ke samakSa dhUpakSepa kiyaa| dhUpakSepa karane ke pazcAt vizuddha, apUrva, arthasampanna, mahimAzAlI 108 chandoM se bhagavAn kI stuti kI / stuti karake sAta-ATha paira pIche httaa| pIche haTakara bA~yA ghuTanA U~cA kiyA tathA dAyA~ ghuTanA jamIna para jhukAkara tIna bAra mastaka pRthvItala para nmaayaa| phira mastaka U~cA kara donoM hAtha jor3akara mastaka para aMjali karake 'namotthuNaM arahantANaM...... ThANaM saMpattANaM' kA pATha kiyaa| isa prakAra arhanta aura siddha bhagavAn kI stuti karake phira jinamaMdira ke madhya bhAga meM aayaa| use pramAjita kara divya jaladhArA se siMcita kiyA aura gozIrSa caMdana kA lepa kiyA tathA puSSasamUhoM kI varSA kii| tatpazcAt usI prakAra usane mayUrapicchi se dvArazAkhAoM, putaliyoM evaM vyAloM ko pramANita kiyA tathA unakA prakSAlana kara unako caMdana se acita kiyA tathA dhUpakSepa karake puSpa evaM AbhUSaNa cddh'aaye| isI prakAra usane maNipIThikAoM evaM unakI jinapratimAoM kI, caityavRkSa kI tathA mahendradhvajA kI pUjA-arcanA kii|18 isase spaSTa hai ki rAjapraznIya meM jinapUjA kI eka suvyavasthita anuSThAna prakriyA parilakSita hotI hai| rAjapraznIya ke atirikta aSTaprakArI pUjA kA ullekha Avazyakaniyukti evaM umAsvAti ke pUjA-vidhi-prakaraNa meM upalabdha hai| yadyapi yaha kRti umAsvAti kI hI hai athavA unake nAma se anya kisI kI racanA hai, isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai / adhikAMza vicAraka ise anyakRta mAnate haiN| isa pUjA-vidhi-prakaraNa meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pazcima dizA meM mukha karake dantadhAvana kare phira pUrvamukha ho snAnakara zveta vastra dhAraNa kare aura phira pUrvottara mukha hokara jinaviMba kI pUjA kare / isa prakaraNa meM anya dizAoM aura koNoM meM sthita hokara pUjA karane se kyA hAniyA~ hotI haiM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai| pUjA-vidhi kI carcA karate hue yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki prAtaHkAla vAsakSepa pUjA karanI caahie| pUjA meM jinabiMba ke bhAla, kaMTha Adi nava sthAnoM para caMdana ke tilaka karane kA ullekha hai / isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki madhyAhnakAla meM kusuma se tathA saMdhyA meM dhUpa aura dIpa se pUjA kI jAnI caahie| isameM

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( 11 ) pUjA ke lie kITa Adi se rahita puSpoM ke grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai / sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pUjA ke lie puSpa ke Tukar3e karanA yA unheM chedanA niSiddha hai / isameM gaMdha, dhUpa, akSata, dIpa, jala, naivedya, phala Adi aSTadravyoM se pUjA kA bhI ullekha hai / " isa prakAra yaha graMtha bhI zvetAmbara jaina paramparA kI pUjA-paddhati kA prAcInatama AdhAra kahA jA sakatA hai / digambara paramparA meM jinasena ke mahA-purANa meM evaM yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti meM jinapratimA kI pUjA ke ullekha haiM / isa samagra carcA meM hameM aisA lagatA hai ki jainaparamparA meM sarvaprathama dhArmika anuSThAna ke rUpa meM SaDAvazyakoM kA vikAsa huaa| unhIM SaDAvazyakoM meM stavana yA guNa-stuti kA sthAna thA / usI se Age calakara bhAvapUjA aura dravyapUjA kI kalpanA sAmane AI / usameM bhI dravyapUjA kA vidhAna kevala zrAvakoM ke lie huA / tatpazcAt zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paraMparAoM meM jinapUjA-sambandhI jaTila vidhividhAnoM kA vistAra huA, yadyapi vaha sabhI brAhmaNa paraMparA kA prabhAva thA / phira Age calakara jinamaMdira ke nirmANa evaM jinabiMboM kI pratiSThA ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna bane / paM0 phUlacaMdajI siddhAnta zAstrI jJAnapITha pUjAMjali kI bhUmikA meM aura sva0 DaoN0 nemicaMdajI zAstrI ne apane eka lekha puSpakarma -devapUjA : vikAsa evaM vidhi- jo unakI pustaka bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna ( prathama khaNDa ) pR0 379 para prakAzita hai meM isa bAta ko spaSTarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki jaina paraMparA meM pUjA- dravyoM kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai / yadyapi puSpapUjA prAcInakAla se pracalita hai phira bhI yaha jaina paraMparA ke Atyantika ahiMsA siddhAnta se mela nahIM khAtI hai / eka ora to pUjA vidhAna kA yaha pATha - jisameM mArga meM hone vAlI ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA prAyazcitta ho IryApathe pracalatAdya mayA pramAdAt, ekendriyapramukhajIvanikAya bAdhA / nirtitA yadi bhaveva yugAntarekSA, mithyA tadastu duritaM gurubhaktito me //

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( 1.2. ) smaraNIya hai ki zve0 paraMparA meM caityavaMdana meM bhI 'iriyAvihi "virAhanAye' nAmaka pATha kiyA jAtAhai-jisakA tAtparya bhI caityavaMdana ke lie jAne meM huI ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA prAyazcitta hai : to dUsarI ora pUjA vidhAnoM meM, homoM meM, pRthvI, vAyu, apa, agni aura vanaspatikAyika ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA vidhAnaeka Antarika asaMgati to hai ho / yadyapi yaha bhI satya hai ki cauthIpA~cavI zatAbdI se hI jaina graMthoM meM isakA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| sambhavataH IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatI taka jainadharma meM pUjA-pratiSThA sambandhI aneka karmakANDoM kA praveza ho gayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AThavIM zatI meM haribhadra ko inameM se aneka kA muniyoM ke lie niSedha karanA pdd'aa| haribhadra ne sambodhaprakaraNa meM caityoM meM nivAsa, jinapratimA kI dravyapUjA, jinapratimA ke samakSa nRtya, gAna, nATaka Adi kA jainamuni ke lie niSedha kiyA hai / 20 "anuSThAnaparaka jaina sAhitya anuSThAna sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ko lekara jaina paraMparA ke donoM hI sampradAyoM meM aneka grantha race gaye haiN| inameM zvetAmbara paraMparA meM umAsvAti kA 'pUjAprakaraNa', pAliptasUri kI 'nirvANakalikA' aparanAma 'pratiSThA-vidhi' evaM haribhadrasUri kA 'paMcAzakaprakaraNa' pramukha prAcIna grantha kahe jAte haiN| haribhadra ke 16 paMcAzakoM meM zrAvakadharma paMcAzaka, dIkSA paMcAzaka, vaMdana paMcAzaka, pUjA paMcAzaka (isameM vistAra se jinapUjA kA ullekha hai), pratyAkhyAna paMcAzaka, stavana paMcAzaka, jinabhavana nirmANa paMcAzaka, jinabiMba pratiSThA paMcAzaka, tIrthayAtrA vidhAna paMcAzaka, zramaNopAsaka pratimA paMcAzaka, sAdhudharma paMcAzaka, sAdhusamAcArI paMcAzaka, piNDavizuddhi paMcAzaka, zIlaaMga paMcAzaka, AlocanA paMcAzaka, prAyazcitta paMcAzaka, dasakalpa paMcAzaka, bhikSupratimA paMcAzaka, tapa paMcAzaka Adi haiN| pratyeka paMcAzaka 50-50 zlokoM meM apane-apane viSaya kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| isa para candrakula ke navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri kA vivaraNa bhI upalabdha hai| jaina dhArmika kriyAoM ke sambandha meM eka dUsarA pramukha grantha 'anuSThAnavidhi' hai| yaha dhanezvara

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sUri ke ziSya candrasUri kI racanA hai / yaha mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita hai tathA isameM samyaktva AropaNavidhi evaM vrata AropaNavidhi, pANmAsika sAmAyika vidhi, zrAvakapratimAvAhanavidhi, upadhAnavidhi, prakaraNavidhi, mAlAvidhi, tapavidhi, ArAdhanAvidhi, pravrajyAvidhi upasthApanAvidhi, kezalocavidhi, paMcapratikramaNavidhi, AcArya upAdhyAya evaM mahattarA pada-pradAna vidhi, poSadhavidhi, dhvajaropaNavidhi, kalazaropaNa vidhi Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| isa kRti ke pazcAt tilakAcArya kA 'samAcArI' nAmaka kRti bhI lagabhaga inhIM viSayoM kA vivecana karatI hai| jaina karmakANDoM kA vivecana karane vAle anya granthoM meM somasundarasUri kA 'samAcArI zataka' jinaprabhasUri (vi0 saM0 1363) kI 'vidhimArgaprapA', vardhamAnasUri kA 'AcAra dinakara', harSabhUSaNagaNi (vi0 saM0 1480) kA zrAddhavidhivinizcaya' tathA samayasundara kA 'samAcArIzataka' bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| inake atirikta pratiSThAkalpa ke nAma se aneka lekhakoM kI kRtiyA~ haiM-jinameM bhI jaina paraMparA ke anuSThAnoM ko carcA hai| digambara paraMparA meM dhArmika kriyAkANDoM ko lekara vasunandi kA 'pratiSThAsArasaMgraha' (vi0 saM0 1150), AzAdhara kA 'jinayajJakalpa' (saM0 1285) evaM mahAbhiSeka, sumatisAgara kA 'dasalAkSaNikavatodyApana', siMhanandI kA 'vratatithinirNaya', jayasAgara kA 'ravivratodyApana', brahmajinadAsa kA 'jambUdvIpapUjana', 'anantavratapUjana', 'meghamAlodyApanapUjane' (15 vIM zatI), vizvasena kA 'SaNvitikSetrapAla pUjana (16 vIM zatI), vidyAbhUSaNa ke 'RSimaNDalapUjana', bRhatkalikuNDapUjana' aura 'siddhacakrapUjana' (17 vIM zatI), budhavIru ke 'dharmacakrapUjana' evaM 'bRhadharmacakrapUjana' (16 vIM zatI), sakalakIti ke 'paMcaparameSThIpUjana', 'SoDazakAraNapUjana' evaM 'gaNadharavalayapUjana' (16 vIM zatI) zrIbhUSaNa kA 'SoDazasAgAravratodyApana', nAganandi kA 'pratiSThAkalpa' Adi pramukha kahe jA sakate haiM 11 jaina anuSThAnoM kA dArzanika pakSa__sAmAnyataH jaina paraMparA meM tapapradhAna anuSThAnoM kA sambandha karmamala ko dUrakara manuSya ke AdhyAtmika guNoM kA vikAsa aura pAzavika AvegoM kA niyaMtraNa hai| jinabhakti aura jinapUjA sambandhI

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( 14 ) anuSThAnoM kA uddezya bhI laukika upalabdhiyoM evaM vighna-bAdhAoM kA upazamana na hokara vyakti kA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hI hai / jaina sAdhaka spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ko dRSTi meM rakhatA hai ki prabhu kI pUjA aura stuti kevala bhakta ke svasvarUpa yA jinaguNoM kI upalabdhi ke lie hai / AcArya samantabhadra spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki he nAtha! cUMki Apa vItarAga haiM, ataH Apa apanI pUjA yA stuti se prasanna hone vAle nahIM haiM aura Apa vivAntavera haiM isalie nindA karane para bhI Apa aprasanna honevAle nahIM haiM / ApakI stuti kA uddezya kevala apane cittamala ko dUra karanA hai na pUjayA'rthastvayi vItarAge, na nindayA nAtha ! vivAntavaire / tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtirnaH, punAticittaM duritA'janebhyaH // isI prakAra eka gujarAtI jaina kavi kahatA hai ajakulagatakezari lahere nijapada siMha nihAla / tima prabhubhakti bhavi lahere nija Atama saMbhAra // jaina paramparA kA udghoSa hai - 'vande tadguNa labdhaye' kintu jinadeva kI evaM hamArI AtmA tattvataH samAna hai ataH vItarAga ke guNoM kI upalabdhi kA artha hai svasvarUpa kI upalabdhi / isa prakAra jaina anuSThAna mUlataH Atmavizuddhi aura svasvarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie hai / jaina anuSThAnoM meM jina gAthAoM yA mantroM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai unameM bhI adhikAMzataH to pUjanIya ke svarUpa kA hI bodha karAte haiM athavA AtmA ke lie patanakArI pravRttiyoM kA anusmaraNa kara unase mukta hone kI preraNA dete haiM / jinapUjA ke vividha prakAroM meM jina pAThoM kA paThana kiyA jAtA hai yA jo gIta Adi prastuta kiye jAte haiM unakA mukhya uddezya Atmavizuddhi hI hai / isa artha meM vaidika paramparA meM pracalita anuSThAnoM se jaina paramparA ke anuSThAna bhinna haiM, vaidika anuSThAnoM kA lakSya manuSya jIvana kI vighna-bAdhAoM kA upazamana kara usakA aihika hita sAdhana karanA hai / yadyapi jaina anuSThAnoM kI mUla prakRti adhyAtmaparaka hai kintu manuSya kI yaha eka svAbhAvika kamajorI hai ki vaha dharma ke mAdhyama se bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi tathA unakI upalabdhi meM

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bAdhaka zaktiyoM ke nivartana ke lie bhI dharma se hI apekSA karatA hai| vaha dharma ko iSTa kI prApti aura aniSTa ke zamana kA sAdhana mAnatA hai| manuSya kI isa svAbhAvika pravRtti kA yaha pariNAma huA ki jaina paramparA meM bhI anuSThAnoM kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa pUrNatayA sthira na raha sakA usameM vikRti aayii| jainadharma kA anuyAyI Akhira vahI manuSya haiM, jo bhautika jIvana meM sukha-samRddhi kI kAmanA se mukta nahIM hai| ataH jaina AcAryoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka ho gayA ki ve apane upAsakoM kI jainadharma meM zraddhA banAye rakhane ke lie jainadharma ke sAtha kucha aise anuSThAnoM ko bhI jor3eM jo apane upAsakoM ke bhautika kalyANa meM sahAyaka hoN| nivRttipradhAna adhyAtmavAdI evaM karmasiddhAnta meM aTala vizvAsa rakhanevAle jainadharma ke lie yaha nyAyasaMgata to nahIM thA phira bhI yaha aitihAsika satya haiM ki usameM yaha pravRtti vikasita huI hai| __ jainadharma kA tIrthakara vyakti ke bhautika kalyANa meM sAdhaka yA bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH jaina anuSThAnoM meM jinapUjA ke sAtha yakSa-yakSiyoM ke rUpa meM zAsanadevatA tathA devI kI kalpanA vikasita huI aura yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki tIrthaMkara kI athavA apanI upAsanA se zAsanadevatA (yakSa-yakSI) prasanna hokara upAsaka kA kalyANa karate haiN| zAsanarakSaka devI-devatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI, lakSmI, ambikA, padmAvatI, cakrezvarI, kAlI Adi aneka deviyoM tathA maNibhadra, ghaNTAkarNa mahAvIra, pArzvayakSa, Adi yakSoM, dikpAloM evaM aneka kSetrapAloM (bhairavoM) ko jaina paramparA meM sthAna milaa| ina sabakI pUjA ke lie jainoM ne vibhinna anuSThAnoM ko kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha vaidika paramparA se grahaNa kara liyaa| bhairava padmAvatIkalpa Adi granthoM se isakI puSTi hotI hai| jainapUjA aura pratiSThA kI vidhi meM vaidika paramparA ke aneka aise tattva bhI jur3a gaye jo jaina paramparA ke mUlabhUta mantavyoM se bhinna haiN| hama yaha dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM cakrezvarI, padmAvatI, ambikA, ghaNTAkarNa mahAvIra, nAkor3A bhairava, bhUmiyAjI, dikpAla, kSetrapAla Adi kI upAsanA pramukha hotI gii| hameM aneka aise purAtattvIya sAkSya milate haiM jinake

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(.16 ) anusAra jinamandiroM meM ina deviyoM kI sthApanA hone lagI thii| jaina anuSThAnoM kA eka pramukha grantha 'bhairava padmAvatIkalpa' hai, jo mukhyatayA vaiyaktika jIvana kI vighna-bAdhAoM ke upazamana aura bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke vividha anuSThAnoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| isa grantha meM varNita anuSThAnoM para jainetara tantra kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| IsvI chaThI zatI se lekara Aja taka jaina paramparA ke aneka AcArya bhI zAsanadeviyoM, kSetrapAloM aura yakSoM kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla dekhe jAte haiM aura apane anuyAyiyoM ko bhI aise anuSThAnoM ke lie prerita karate rahe haiN| jainadharma meM pUjA aura upAsanA kA yaha dUsarA pakSa jo hamAre sAmane AyA, vaha mUlataHvaidika yA brAhmaNa paramparA kA prabhAva hI hai| jinapUjA evaM anuSThAna vidhiyoM meM aneka aise mantra milate haiM, jinheM brAhmaNa paramparA ke tatsambandhI mantroM kA mAtra jainIkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jisa prakAra brAhmaNa paramparA meM iSTa devatA kI pUjA ke samaya usakA AhvAna aura visarjana kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI pUjA ke samaya jina ke AhvAna aura visarjana ke mantra bole jAte haiM -yathA UM hrIMNamo siddhANaM siddhaparameSThin atra avatara avatara saMvaupaTa / ___ UM hRIMNamo siddhANaM siddhaparameSThin atra tiSTha tiSTha ThaH ThaH / UM hRIMNamo siddhANaM siddhaparameSThin atra mama sannihato bhavabhava vaSaT / UM hRIMNamo siddhANaM siddhaparameSThin svasthAnaM gaccha gaccha jaH jaH jaH / ye mantra jainadarzana kI mUlabhUta mAnyatAoM ke pratikUla haiN| kyoMki jahA~ brAhmaNa paramparA kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki AhvAna karane para devatA Ate haiM aura visarjana karane para cale jAte hai / vahA~ jaina paramparA meM siddhAvasthA ko prApta tIrthaMkara na to AhvAna karane para upasthita ho sakate haiM aura na visarjana karane para jA hI sakate haiN| paM0 phUlacandajI ne 'jJAnapITha pUjAjaMli' kI bhUmikA meM vistAra se isakI carcA kI hai tathA AhvAna evaM visarjana sambandhI jaina mantroM kI brAhmaNa mantroM se samAnatA bhI dikhAI hai| tulanA kIjie

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( 17 ) AhvAna naiva jAnAmi naitra jAnAmi pUjanam / visarjanaM na jAnAmi kSamasva paramezvara // 1 // mantrahIna kriyAhInaM drAhInaM tathaiva c| tatsarvaM kSamyatAM deva rakSa rakSa jinezvara // 2 // -visrjnpaatth| inake sthAna meM brAhmaNadharma meM ye zloka upalabdha hote haiM AvAhanaM na jAnAmi na jAnAmi visarjanam / pUjanaM naiva jAnAmi kSamasva paramezvara // 1 // mantrahInaM kriyAhInaM bhaktihInaM janArdana / yatpUjitaM mayA deva paripUrNaM tadastu me // 2 / / isI prakAra paMcopacArapUjA, aSTadravyapUjA, yajJa kA vidhAna, vinAyaka yantra sthApanA, yajJopavItadhAraNa bhI jaina paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai| idhara jaba paurANika dharma kA prabhAva bar3hane lagA, to paMcopacArapUjA vidhi kA praveza huA / dasavIM zato ke anantara isa vidhi ko itanA mahattva prApta huA, jisase pUrva pracalita vidhi gauNa ho gyii| pratimA ke samakSa rahane para bhI AhavAnana, sannidhIkaraNa, pUjana aura visarjana kramazaH paMca kalyANakoM ko smRti ke lie vyavahRta hone lge| pUjA ko vaivAvRtya kA aMga mAnA jAne lagA tathA eka prakAra se ise 'AhAradAna' ke tulya sthAna prApta huaa| pUjA ke samaya sAmAyika yA dhyAna kI mUla bhAvanA meM parivartana huA aura pUjA ko atithi saMvibhAga vA kA aMga mAna liyA gyaa| vaha bhI brAhmaNa paramparA kI anukRti hI hai| yadyapi isa sambandha meM bole jAnevAle mantroM ko nizcaya hI jaina rUpa de diyA gayA hai| jisa paramparA meM eka varga aisA ho jo tIrthaMkara ke kavalAhAra kA bhI niSedha karatA ho vaha tIrthaMkara kI sevA meM naivedya arpita kare yaha kyA siddhAnta kI viDambanA nahIM kahI jAyegI ? maMdira evaM jinabimba pratiSThA Adi se sambandhita sampUrNa anuSThAna brAhmaNa paramparA kI dena haiM aura usakI mUlabhUta prakRti ke pratikUla kahe jA sakate haiM / kintu kisI bhI paramparA ke lie apanI sahavartI paramparA se onal

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( 18 ) pUrNatayA aprabhAvita raha pAnA kaThina hai aura isalie yaha svabhAvika hI thA ki jaina paramparA kI anuSThAna vidhipoM meM brAhmaNa paramparA kA prabhAva aayaa| jaina paramparA ke vividha anuSThAna-- jaina paramparA ke vividha anuSThAnoM meM nityakarma ke rUpa meM sAmAyika, pratikramaNa Adi SaDAvazyakoM ke pazcAt jinapUjA ko prathama sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM sthAnakavAsI, zvetAmbara, terApaMtha tathA diga0tAraNapaMtha ko chor3akara zeSa paramparAe~ jinapratimA ke pUjana ko zrAvaka kA eka Avazyaka kartavya mAnatI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pUjA sambandhI jo vividha anuSThAna pracalita haiM unameM pramukha hai-aSTaprakArIpUjA, snAtrapUjA yA janmakalyANapUjA, paMcakalyANakapUjA, laghuzAntisnAtrapUjA, bRhadazAntisnAtrapUjA, namiUNapUjA, arhatpUjA, siddhacakrapUjA, navapadapUjA, sattarahabhedIpUjA, aSTakarma kI pUjA, antarApakarma kI pUjA, bhaktAmarapUjA aadi| digambara paramparA meM pracalita pUjA-anuSThAnoM meM abhiSekapUjA, nityapUjA, devazAstragurupUjA, jinacaityapUjA, siddhapUjA Adi pracalita haiN| ina sAmAnya pUjAoM ke atirikta parvadinapUjA evaM viziSTa pUjAoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / parvapUjAoM meM SoDazakAraNapUjA, paMcamesUjA, daza nakSaNapUjA, ratnatrayapUjA Adi kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA kI pUjA paddhati meM bIsapaMtha aura terApaMtha meM kucha matabheda haiM / jahA~ bIsapaMtha puSpa Adi sacitta droM se jinapUjA ko svIkAra karatA hai vahA~ terApaMtha sampradAya meM usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| puSpa ke sthAna para ve loga raMgIna akSatoM yA tanduloM kA upayoga karate haiM / isI prakAra bIsapaMtha meM baiThakara aura terApaMtha meM khar3e rahakara pUjA karane kI paramparA hai| yahA~ vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya yaha hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke prAcIna graMthoM meM aSTadravyoM se pUjA ke ullekha milate haiN| digambara graMtha varAMgacaritra (trayoviMzasarga) meM jinapUjA sambandhI jo ullekha haiM ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke rAjapraznIya ke pUjA sambandhI ulle voM se bahuta kucha

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( 19 ) samAnatA rakhate haiM / pUjA ke atirikta anya jaina anuSThAnoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM paryuSaNaparva, navapadaolI, bIsa sthAnaka kI pUjA Adi sAmUhika rUpa se manAye jAnevAle jaina anuSThAna haiM / upadhAna nAmaka tapa anuSThAna bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM bahupracalita hai | AgamoM ke adhyayana ke lie bhI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka jaina saMgha meM muniyoM ko kucha anuSThAna karane hote haiM jinako sAmAnyatayA 'yogavahana kahate haiM / vidhimArgaprapA meM dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nizIthasUtra, bhagavatIsUtra Adi aMga-AgamoM ke adhyayana sambandhI anuSThAnoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai / digambara pamparA meM pramukha anuSThAna yA vrata nimna haiM- dazalakSaNavrata, aSTAhnikAvrata, dvArAvalokanavrata, jinamukhAvalokanavrata, jinapUjAvrata, gurubhakti evaM zAstrabhaktivrata, tapAMjalivrata, muktAvalI - vrata, kanakAvalivrata, ekAvalivrata, dvikAvalivrata, ratnAvalIvrata, mukuTasaptamIvrata, siMhaniSkrIDitavrata, nirdoSasaptamIvrata, anantavrata, SoDazakAraNavrata, jJAnapaccIsIvrata, candanaSaSThIvrata, rohiNI vrata, akSayanidhivrata, paMcaparameSThIvrata, sarvArthasiddhivrata, dharmacakravrata, navanidhivrata, karmacUravrata, sukhasampattivrata, ISTasiddhi kArakaniH zalya aSTamIvrata Adi / inake atirikta digambara paramparA meM paMcakalyANa bimbapratiSThA, vedIpratiSThA evaM siddhacakra vidhAna, indradhvaja vidhAna, samavasaraNa vidhAna, DhAIdvIpa vidhAna, tri-loka vidhAna, bRhad cAritrazuddhi vidhAna, mahAmastakAbhiSeka Adi aise pramukha anuSThAna haiM jo ki bRhada stara para manAye jAte haiM / mandira nirmANa tathA jinabimbapratiSThA ke sambandha meM bhI aneka jaTila vidhi-vidhAnoM kI vyavasthA jainasaMgha meM A gayI aura isa sambandha meM pratiSThAvidhi yA pratiSThAkalpa ke nAma para aneka graMthoM kI racanA huI hai / vastutaH sampUrNa jaina paramparA meM mRta aura jIvita aneka anuSThAnoM kI paramparA hai jinakA samagra tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa to kisI vizAlakAya graMtha meM ho diyA jA sakatA hai / isa laghukAya nibandha meM una sabakA prastutIkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai /

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( 20 ) ( 2 ) jaina anuSThAna aura kalA___ jainadharma nivRttipradhAna dharma hai aura isa kAraNa sAmAnyatayA yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki usameM kalA aura vizeSa rUpa se kRtyAtmakakalA "paraphAramiMga ArTa' ko koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| prAcIna jainAgama uttarAdhyayana meM sabhI gItoM ko vilApa aura sabhI nRtyoM ko viDambanA kahakara unakI bhartsanA kI gayI hai tathA jaina zramaNa kA saMgIta, nRtya aura nATaka Adi meM bhAga lenA jita hai kintu jainoM kA kalA ke prati udAsInatA kA yaha rUpa adhika samaya taka sthira nahIM raha skaa| unheM yaha svIkAra karanA par3A ki dRzya aura zravya kalAe~ mAnavIya jIvana kA eka avibhAjya aMga haiM aura unakA pUrNa tiraskAra sambhava nahIM hai| yadi hama ina kalAoM meM zramaNoM aura gRhastha upasakoM ko vilaga nahIM rakha sakate haiM to phira hameM yaha prayatna karanA hI hogA ki ina kalAoM kA pradarzana isa prakAra ho ki ye bhoga kI praraka na banakara nirveda yA vairAgya kI preraka bneN| isa prakAra jainoM kA ina kalAoM ke prati jo mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA vaha yaha ki unhoMne ina kalAoM kA udAttIkaraNa kiyA aura unheM vairAgya bhAvanA aura AdhyAtmika pavitratA kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| jaina sAhitya meM aise aneka saMdarbha haiM jahA~ ina kalAoM ko vairAgya mUlaka banAyA gayA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke vairAgya ko pradIpta karane meM mahattvapUrNa nimitta kAraNa nIlAMjanA kA kRtya karate hue dehapAta ho jAnA hI thaa| nIlAMjanA kI yaha kalA hamAre sAmane yaha spaSTa kara detI hai ki jainoM ne kisa prakAra ina kRtyAtmaka kalAoM ko tyAga aura vairAgya ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai / ina kalAoM ko nirvedamUlaka banAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki inakA sambandha jaina sAdhanA kI vidhiyoM ke sAtha jor3A jaay| unhoMne ina kalAoM ko isa prakAra se nizcita kiyA ki ve dhArmika jIvana aura dhArmika sAdhanA paddhati kA hI eka aMga bana gyiiN| yadyapi yaha saba bhaktimArgI paramparA kA prabhAva thaa| prastuta nibandha meM hama mAtra yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki kisa prakAra yaha kRtyAtmaka kalAe~

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( 21 ) dhArmika jIvana ke vidhi-vidhAnoM yA anuSThAnoM kA aMga bana gyiiN| vaiSNavoM kI bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ne jainoM ko bhI zuSka tapa evaM dhyAna ke sAdhanA mArga se moDakara bhakti kI dhArA meM jor3a diyA aura jaina paramparA meM bhakti mArga kA vikAsa hI dhAmika jIvana meM ina kRtyAtmaka kalAoM ke upayoga kA AdhAra bnaa| sarvaprathama yaha avadhAraNA AyI ki devagaNa tIrthaMkara ke samakSa bhaktivazAt vibhinna maMgalagAna, nRtya evaM nATaka prastuta karate haiN| hameM zvetAmbara Agama rAjapraznIya meM sUryAbhadeva dvArA mahAvIra ke samakSa saMgIta evaM nRtya ke sAtha nATaka karane kI kathA milatI hai| na kevala itanA apitu vaha gautama Adi zramaNoM ke sammukha inheM prastuta karane kI anumati bhagavAna mahAvIra se mA~gatA hai| mahAvIra mauna rahate haiN| unake mauna ko svIkRti kA lakSaNa mAnakara vaha inakA pradarzana karatA hai| TIkAkAroM ne mahAvIra ke mauna kA kAraNa zramaNoM ke svAdhyAya Adi meM bAdhA batAyA hai| vastutaH yaha kathAnaka Agama meM rakhane aura usake sambandha meM mahAvIra kA mauna dikhAne kA uddezya ina kalAoM kI dhArmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dabI jabAna se svIkRti karanA thaa| jainoM ke dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke rUpa meM stavana kI svIkRti thI hii| isI ko bhakti bhAvanA ke pradarzana kA AdhAra banAkara pahale devoM ke dvArA inake pradarzana kA anumodana huA phira gRhasthoM ke dvArA bhI inako kiye jAne kA anumodana huA tathA gautama Adi zramaNoM ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA ki zramaNoM ke lie aise nRtya, saMgIta ke bhakti kAryakramoM meM upasthita rahanA vajita nahIM hai| ___isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM ke prati bhaktibhAva ke pradarzana ke rUpa meM nRtya, saMgIta aura nATaka tInoM jaina anuSThAnoM ke sAtha jur3a gye| sarvaprathama stavana ke rUpa meM sasvara bhakti-stotroM kA gAna prArambha huA aura saMgIta kA sambandha jaina upAsanA kI paddhati ke sAtha judd'aa| jaina zramaNa evaM gRhastha upAsaka bhakti rasa meM DUbane lge| phira yaha vicAra svAbhAvika rUpa se sAmane AyA hogA ki jaba devagaNa nRtya, saMgIta aura nATaka ke dvArA prabhu kI bhakti kara sakate

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( 22 ) haiM to kama se kama gRhastha upAsaka ko bhI isa prakAra se bhakti karane kA avasara milanA cAhie / ataH jaina pratimAoM ke samakSa na kevala vairAgya pradhAna saMgIta kI svara lahariyAM guMjita hone lagIM, apitu nRtya aura nATaka bhI usake sAtha jur3a gye| hameM sAhityika aura purAtAttvika aise aneka sAkSya milate haiM jinake AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki IsA kI cauthI aura pA~cavIM zatAbdiyoM meM hI nRtya saMgIta aura nATaka jaina dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke aMga bana cuke the| tIrthaMkaroM ke janma kalyANaka ke avasara para devI-devatAoM ke dvArA saMgIta, nRtya aura nATaka karane ke ullekha kalpasUtra Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiN| na kevala devI-devatAoM ke dvArA, apitu tIrthaMkara ke pArivArika jana bhI unake janma Adi ke avasara para nRtya, saMgIta Adi kA Ayojana karate the, aise ullekha bhI prApta hote haiN| yaha pracalita loka vyavahAra hI jainadharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna kA aMga bana gyaa| jaisA hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai ki jaina dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM jina SaDAvazyakoM kI pratiSThA hai unameM eka Avazyaka kRtya stavana bhI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti ko dhArmika sAdhanA kA eka Avazyaka aMga mAna hI liyA gayA thA ataH isa stuti ke sAtha hI saMgIta ko jaina sAdhanA meM sthAna mila gayA / bhaktirasa se paripUrNa stavana pUjA tathA pratikramaNa meM gAye jAne lge| Aja bhI jainadharma kI sabhI paramparAoM meM vibhinna dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke avasara para bhakti gItoM ke gAye jAne kA pracalana hai| mukhyarUpa se bhakti gIta jinapUjA ke avasara para tathA prAtaHkAlIna evaM sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNoM ke pazcAt gAye jAte haiN| anUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM meM jahA~ jina pratimA kI pUjA paramparA nahIM hai vahA~ bhI prAtaHkAlIna evaM sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNoM ke pazcAt tathA prArthanA aura sAmAyika meM bhakti gItoM ke gAne kI paramparA milatI hai / na kevala itanA hI huA apitu jaina muniyoM ke pravacana meM bhI saMgIta kA tattva jur3a gayA hai| prAcInakAla se lekara bartamAna samaya taka jaina AcAryoM ne aneka kAvya evaM gIta likhe haiM maura ye kAvya evaM gIta aksara muniyoM ke pravacanoM meM geya rUpa se

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( 23 ) prastuta kiye jAte haiM / Aja bhI pravacanoM meM vizeSarUpa se amUrtipUjaka paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke pravacana meM DhAla, caupAI Adi ke rUpa meM gAkara pravacana dene kI paramparA upalabdha hotI hai / mUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM meM vividha prakAra kI pUjAe~ pracalita haiM aura ye sabhI pUjAe~ geya rUpa meM hI par3hI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra jinapratimA kI prAtaHkAlIna evaM sAyaMkAlIna AratI ke avasara para bhI bhakti gItoM ke gAne kI paramparA hai| isa prakAra saMgIta jaina dhArmika anuSThAnoM kA eka Avazyaka aMga bana gayA hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparA ke jaina AcAryoM ne lagabhaga caudahavIM zatAbdI meM saMgIta samayasAra, saMgItopaniSadasAroddhAra Adi saMgIta ke graMthoM kI racanA bhI kI hai| jinabhakti ke rUpa meM saMgIta kI svIkRti kA Agamika AdhAra rAjapraznIya sUtra hai / usameM sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM anya zramaNoM ke sammukha vividha rAga-rAganiyoM evaM vividha vAdyoM ke sAtha saMgIta evaM nATaka prastuta kiye jAne ke ullekha haiN| vastutaH rAjapraznIya kA yaha sthala lAkSaNika rUpa se isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki usake racanAkAla taka jaina muniyoM ke lie dhArmika gItoM kA gAnA aura sunanA vajita nahIM raha gayA thaa| pariNAmataH caityavAsa ke vikAsa ke sAtha jaina paramparA meM jaina muniyoM ne saMgIta kalA ko prazraya denA prArambha kiyA, jisakI AlocanA sambodha-.. prakaraNa meM AcArya haribhadra ne kI hai| vairAgya kI sAdhanA meM saMgIta kA kyA sthAna honA cAhie yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hai kintu itanA nizcita hai ki manuSya ko tanAvoM se mukta karane aura apanI cittavRtti ko kendrita karane meM saMgIta kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kRtyasAdhya kalAoM meM nRtya aura nATaka kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / sAmAnyatayA nATaka lokajIvana kA eka aMga prAcInakAla se rahA hai / ataH dhArmika kRtya ke rUpa meM na sahI kintu loka vyavahAra ke rUpa meM nATaka kI paramparA ke sAtha prAcInakAla se jur3I huI hai| sarvaprathama to tIrthaMkara ke janmotsava Adi mAMgalika avasaroM para devI-devatAoM ke dvArA tathA sAmAnya janoM ke dvArA nATaka kiye

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( 24 ) jAne ke ullekha zvetAmbara jaina Agama sAhitya evaM digambara jaina purANasAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sammukha nRtya evaM nATaka kiye jAne kA ullekha hameM rAjapraznIya meM upalabdha hotA hai / vastutaH devatA torthaMkaroM ke sammukha nATaka karate haiM yaha bAta nATaka ko dhArmika jIvana kA eka aMga banAne kI dRSTi se hI pracalita huI hogI kyoMki isI AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki devatA jaba tIrthaMkaroM ke sammukha nRtya-nATaka Adi kara sakate haiM to gRhasthajanoM ko bhI jinapratimA ke sammukha nRtya, nATaka Adi karake apanA bhaktibhAva pradarzita karanA cAhie / jaina paramparA meM dhArmika jIvana ke aMga ke rUpa meM nRtya evaM nATaka kI paramparA ke mukhya tIna uddezya the-1-tIrthaMkaroM ke prati apanI bhaktibhAvanA kA pradarzana karanA / 2-aise rucikara kAryakramoM ke . dvArA logoM ko dhArmika kriyAkalApoM meM AkarSita karanA aura 3unheM vairAgya kI dizA meM prerita krnaa| isa AdhAra para jaina nATakoM kA bhakti aura vairAgya pradhAna rUpa vikasita huaa| hameM aise bhI saMketa milate haiM ki isa prakAra ke nATaka paryApta prAcInakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM maMcita bhI kiye jAte the| jaina purANoM ke AdhAra para yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se siddha hoto hai ki tIrthaMkara apane vyAvahArika jIvana meM natya Adi devate the| yadyapi purANoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA apane gRhastha jIvana meM nRtya Adi meM bhAga lene ke ullekha milate haiM kintu isase hama nRtya evaM nATaka ko dhArmika sAdhanA kA eka aMga nahIM kaha sakate haiM / vastutaH nRtya evaM nATaka jainoM ke dhArmika jIvana kA aMga tabhI bane jaba jainadharma apane nivRttimUlaka tapasyA pradhAna svarUpa ko chor3akara bhaktipradhAna dharmamArga ke rUpa meM vikasita huaa| jaina karmakANDoM ke sAtha 'nRtya nATaka kA sambandha jina ke prati bhaktibhAvanA ke pradarzana ke rUpa meM hI huA hai| jinapratimAoM ke sammukha nRtya karane ko yaha paraMparA bhI vartamAna meM jIvita hai| vizeSa rUpa se pUjA aura Arato ke avasaroM para bhakta-maNDalI ke dvArA jinapratimA ke sammukha nRtya kA pradarzana Aja bhI kiyA jAtA hai| Aja bhI jinamandira saMgIta, nRtya aura nATya kalA ke pradarzana kendra bane hue haiN| yadyapi jaina

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( 25 ) paraMparA meM saMgIta aura nRtya donoM kA uddezya jina ke prati bhaktibhAvanA kA pradarzana hI hai manoraMjana nhiiN| isI uddezya ko lekara jaina kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para jaina AcAryoM ne maMcana yogya aneka nATaka likhe haiM / Aja bhI viziSTa mahotsavoM evaM paMcakalyANakoM ke avasara para jaina nATakoM kA maMcana hotA hai| rAjapraznIya meM saMgItakalA, vAdanakalA, nRtyakalA aura abhinayakalA kA eka vikasita rUpa hameM milatA hai jo kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatI se paravartI nahIM hai jisakI saMkSipta jhAMkI nIce prastuta hai :___ "sUryAbhadeva ne harSita citta se mahAvIra ko vandana kara nivedana kiyA ki he bhadanta ! maiM ApakI bhaktivaza gautama Adi nirgranthoM ke sammukha isa divya deva Rddhi, divya devadyuti evaM divya devaprabhAva tathA battIsa prakAra kI nATyavidhi ko prastuta karanA cAhatA huuN| sUryAbhadeva ke isa nivedana para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usake kathana kA na Adara hI kiyA aura na usakI anumodanA hI kI apitu mauna rhe| taba sUryAbhadeva ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se do tIna bAra punaH isI prakAra nivedana kiyA aura aisA kahakara usane bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pradakSiNA kI, unheM vandana-namaskAra kara uttara-pUrva dizA meM gyaa| vaikriyasamudghAta karake bahusmaraNIya bhUmibhAga kI racanA kI jo samatala yAvat rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza vAle maNiyoM meM suzobhita thaa| usa sama tathA ramaNIya bhUmi ke madhyabhAga meM eka prekSAgRha (nATyazAlA) kI racanA kI, jo saikar3oM stambhoM para sanniviSTa thaa| usa prekSAgRha ke andara ramaNIya bhUbhAga, candovA, raMgamaMca tathA maNipIThikA kI racanA kI aura phira usane usa maNipIThikA ke Upara pAdapITha, chatra Adi se yukta siMhAsana kI racanA kI, jisakA UrdhvabhAga muktAdAmoM se suzobhita ho rahA thaa| taba sUryAbhadeva ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praNAma kiyA aura kahA he bhagavan ! mujhe AjJA dIjie aisA kahakara tIrthaMkara ko ora mukha kara usa zreSTha siMhAsana para baiTha gyaa| nATyavidhi prArambha karane ke lie usane zreSTha AbhUSaNoM se yukta apanI dAhinI bhujA ko lambavat phailAyA, jisase ekasau ATha devakumAra nikle| ve devakumAra yuvocita guNoM se yukta nRtya ke lie tatpara tathA svarNima vastroM se susajjita the| tadanantara sUryAbhadeva ne

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( 26 ) vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se yukta bAyIM bhujA ko lambavat phailAyA / usa bhujA se ekasau ATha devakumAriyA~ nikalIM, jo atyanta rUpavatI, svarNima vastroM se susajjita tathA nRtya ke lie tatpara thIM / tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva ne eka sau ATha zaMkhoM aura eka sau ATha zaMkhavAdakoM kI, eka sau ATha zrRMgoM-raNasiMgoM aura unake eka sau ATha vAdakoM kI, eka sau zaMkhikAoM aura unake eka sau ATha vAdakoM Adi unasaTha vAdyoM aura unake vAdakoM kI vikurvaNA kI / isake bAda sUryAbhadeva ne una devakumAroM aura devakumAriyoM ko bulAyA / ve harSita ho usake pAsa Aye aura vandanakara vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA - he devAnupriya ! hameM jo karanA hai usakI AjJA diijie| taba sUryAbhadeva ne unase kahA - he devAnupriyoM / tuma saba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAo, unakI pradakSiNA karo, unheM vandana - namaskAra karo aura phira gautamAdi nirgranthoM ke samakSa battIsa prakAra kI divya nATyavidhi pradarzita karo tathA nATyavidhi pradarzana kara zIghra hI merI AjJA mujhe vApasa kro| tadanantara sabhI devakumAroM evaM devakumAriyoM ne sUryAbhadeva kI AjJA ko svIkAra kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa gaye / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko praNAma kara gautamAdi nirgranthoM ke pAsa Aye / ve sabhI devakumAra aura devakumAriyA~ paMktibaddha ho eka sAtha mile / milakara sabhI eka sAtha jhuke, phira eka sAtha hI apane mastaka ko Upara kara sIdhe khar3e hue| isI krama meM tIna bAra jhukakara sIdhe khar3e hue aura phira eka sAtha alaga-alaga phaila gaye / yathAyogya upakaraNoM vAdyoM ko lekara eka sAtha bajAne lage, gAne lage aura nRtya karane lage / unhoMne gAne ko pahale manda svara se phira apekSAkRta ucca svara se aura phira uccatara svara se gAyA / isa taraha unakA vaha tristhAna gAna trisamaya recaka se racita thA / guMjArava se yukta thA / rAgayukta thA / tristhAnakaraNa se zuddha thA / gUMjatI vaMzI aura vINA ke svaroM se milA huA thA / karatala, tAla, laya Adi se milA huA thA / madhura thA / sarasa thA / salila tathA manohara thA / mRdula pAdasaMcAroM se yukta thaa| sunanevAloM ko prItidAyaka thaa| zobhana samApti se yukta thA / isa madhura saMgIta gAna ke sAtha-sAtha vAdaka apane-apane vAdyoM ko bhI bajA rahe the / isa prakAra vaha divya 1

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( 27 ) vAdana evaM divya nRtya AzcaryakArI hone se adbhuta tathA darzakoM ke manonukUla hone se manojJa thaa| darzakoM ke kahakahoM se nATyazAlA ko guMjAyamAna kara rahA thaa| tatpazcAt nRtya -krIr3A meM pravRtta una devakumAroM aura devakumArikAoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gautamAdi zramaNa nirgranthoM Adi ke samakSa svastika, zrIvatsa, nandAvarta, mardhamAnaka, bhadrAsana, kalaza, matsya aura darpaNa ina ATha maMgaladravyoM kA AkAra rUpa dipa nATyAbhinaya dikhlaayaa| tatpazcAt dUsarI nATyavidhi prastuta karane ke lie ve ekatrita hue evaM unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM gautama Adi nirgranthoM ke samakSa Avarta, pratyAvarta, zreNi, prazreNi, svastika, sauvastika, puSya, mAgavaka, varSamAnaka, matsyANDaka, makarANDaka, jAra, mAra, puSpAvali, padmapatra, sAgarataraMga, vAsantIlatA aura padmalatA ke AkAra ko nATyavidhi dikhlaayii| usake pazcAt una sabhI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa IhAmRga, vRSabha, turaMga-azva, naramAnava, magara, vihaga-pakSI, dhAlasarpa, kinnara, ruru, sarabha, camara, kuMjara, vanalatA aura padmalatA kI AkRti rUpa divya nATyavidhi ko prastuta kiyaa| tadanantara unhoMne ekatovakra, eka tazcakravAla, dvighAtazcakravAla aisI cakrArdha-cakravAla nAmaka divya nATyavidhi prastuta kI / isI krama se unhoMne candAvalI, sUvili, vala bAvali, haMsAvali, ekAvali, tArAvali, muktAvali, kanakAvali, ratnAvali kI viziSTa racanAoM se yukta divya nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne candramA aura sUrya ke udaya hone kI racanAvalI udgamanodgamana nAmaka divya nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| usake pazcAt candra-sUrya Agamana nATyavidhi abhinIta kI / tadanantara candragrahaNa aura sUryagrahaNa hone para gagana maNDala meM hone vAle vAtAvaraNa kI darzaka AvaraNAvaraNa nAmaka divya nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake bAda astamayanapravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| usake pazcAt candramaNDala, sUryamaNDala, nAgamaNDala, yakSamaNDala, bhUtamaNDala, rAkSasa maNDala, mahoragamaNDala aura gandharvamaNDala kI racanA se yukta darzaka maNDala pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi prastuta kii| isake pazcAt vRSabhamaNDala, siMhamaNDala kI lalita gati azva gati Adigati ko darzaka racanA se yukta drutavilambita pravi

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( 28 ) bhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake bAda sAgara, nAgara, pravibhakti nAmaka apUrva nATyavidhi abhinIta kI / tatsazcAt nandA, campA, pravibhakti nAmaka nATya vidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake pazcAt matsyANDa-makarANDa-jAra-mAra pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA abhinaya kiyaa| tadanantara unhoMne 'ka' akSara ko AkRti kI racanA karake kakAra pravibhakti isI prakAra kakAra se lekara pakAra paryanta pA~ca vargoM ke 25 akSaroM ke AkAra kA abhinaya pradarzana kiyaa| tatpazcAt pallava pravibhakti nAmaka nATyavidhi prastuta kI aura isake bAda unhoMne nAgala tA, azokalatA, campakalatA, AmralatA, vanalatA, vAsantIlatA, atimuktakalatA, zyAmalatA kI suracanA vAlI latA pravikti nAmaka nATyavidhi kA pradarzana kiyaa| isake pazcAt anukrama se druta, vilambita, drutavilambita, aMcita, ribhita, aMcitaribhita, ArabhaTa, bhasola aura ArabhaTabhasola nAmaka nATyavidhiyoM kA pradarzana kiyaa| ina pradarzanoM ke pazcAt ve sabhI eka sthAna para ekatrita hue tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM se sambandhita caritra se nibaddha evaM vartamAna jIvana sambandhI cyavanacaritranibaddha garbhasaMharaNacaritranibaddha, janmacaritranibaddha, janmAbhiSeka, bAlakrIr3Anibaddha, yauvana-caritranibaddha, abhiniSkramaNa-caritranibaddha, tapazcaraNa-caritranibaddha, jJAnotpAda-caritranibaddha, tIrtha-pravartana caritra se sambandhita, parinirvANa caritranibaddha tathA carama caritranibaddha nAmaka antima divya nATya abhinaya kA pradarzana kiyaa|"22 dhAmika nATakoM, jinakA eka aMga nRtya bhI thA ke maMcana kI paramparA Aja bhI jainadharma meM jIvita rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai| vigata zatAbdI meM zrIpAla maina sundarI nATaka ke maMcana ke lie eka pUrA samudAya hI thA jo sthAna-sthAna para jAkara isa evaM anya bhaktipradhAna nATakoM ko maMcita karatA aura usI ke sahAre apanI jIvanavRtti calAtA thaa| Aja bhI jainoM ke dhArmika samArohoM ke avasara para jaina paramparA ke kathAnakoM se sambaddha nATakoM kA maMcana kiyA jAtA hai / ataH saMgIta, nRtya evaM nATaka eka jIvita paramparA ke rUpa meM Aja bhI jaina paramparA ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN|

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sandarbha - sUcI 1. uttarAdhyayana 19242, 44, 46 2. aMguttaranikAya - suttanipAta - uddhRta bhagavAn buddha, pR0 226 3. gItA 4133, 4126-28 4. AcArAMga - prathama zrutaskandha, upadhAnazruta 5. uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 30 / 6. antakRddazAMga varga kA kAlI Adi dasa rAniyoM kA tapasyA varNana | 7. uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 26 / anuyogadvArasUtra meM SaDAvazyaka gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie Avazyaka haiM / 6. upAsaka dazAMga, adhyAya 6 / 166 / 10. aMguttaranikAya 3 / 70 / 11. bhagavatIsUtra 12. aMguttaranikAya 3 / 70, 3 / 37 / 8. 13. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyAya 6 / 14. rAjapraznIya 166 / 15. upAsakadazAMga 12 / 16. pro0 DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para / 17. bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jainavAGmaya kA avadAna ( prathama khaNDa ) - DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, dekheM puSpa karma tathA devapUjA vikAsa aura vidhi, pR0 386 se 389 / 18. rAjapraznIya 200 / 16. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 5, pR0 / 20. sambodha prakaraNa, gurvadhikAra / 21. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 5 / 22. rAjapraznIya 72-106 /

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jaina zramaNa sAdhanA : eka paricaya DA0 subhASa koThArI "sAdhanA" ko jaina darzana meM mokSa mArga kahA hai, jainetara darzana meM "yoga" va jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM sadA "AcaraNa" kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ sAdhanA kA sAmAnya artha "indriya-nigraha' hai, ' arthAt mana, vacana va kAyA para pUrNa saMyama rakhanA / 5 jaina - sAdhanA kA isa dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva ho jAtA hai kyoMki vaha sAdhanA karane vAle ke puruSArtha aura bala para hI Atma-siddhi ko nirbhara mAnatI hai / cirazAnti kI prApti ke lie eka mAtra sAdhana, sAdhanA hI hai aura isI se mukti kI prApti ho sakatI hai / jyoM-jyoM sAdhaka sAdhanA kI uttarottara gahanatA meM utaratA hai, tyoM-tyoM usake moha kA baMdhana TUTatA jAtA hai evaM vaha mukti kI ora agrasara hotA calA jAtA hai / sAdhanA kA vargIkaraNa : jaina sAdhanA meM dharma ke do rUpa mAne gaye haiM- eka zrutadharma aura dUsarA cAritradharma / zrutadharma kA artha hai - jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa - ina nava tattvoM kA samyaka jJAna aura zraddhA honA / cAritradharma kA artha saMyama evaM tapa hai| sAdhu va zrAvaka ke AcAra ke antara kA AdhAra kevala cAritra hI hai / zramaNa kI sAdhanA utkRSTa evaM kaThora hotI hai parantu zrAvaka kI sAdhanA utanI utkRSTa va kaThora nahIM hotI hai / zramaNa to sAMsArika prapaMcoM se alaga-thalaga rahakara Arambha, parigraha se mukta hokara sAdhanA karatA hai, parantu zrAvaka ghara ke prapaMcamaya jIvana meM rahakara hI sAdhanA karatA hai / 1. paTeriyA, ema0 pI0, jaina sAdhanA paddhati : eka vizleSaNa - zrI ambAguru abhinandana grantha, pR0 : 339 2. jaina, DaoN0 sAgaramala - jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 : 257 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura /

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( 34 ) muni sAdhanA : jaina dharma meM muni sAdhanA kA sAmAnya artha sAdhu yA zramaNa ke AcAra se hai| zramaNa-AcAra zabda Ate hI sarvaprathama hamArA dhyAna pA~ca mUla vratoM kI ora AkRSTa ho jAtA hai| jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya va aparigraha, ye pA~ca mUla vrata mAne gaye haiM, jinheM sampUrNa rUpa se arthAt mana, vacana, kAya va kRta kArita evaM anumodita ina nau koTiyoM sahita pAlana karane ko mahAvrata saMjJA dI gaI hai| isake atirikta pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, bAisa pariSaha, dasa samAcArI, bAvana anAcAra tyAga Adi bhI zramaNa sAdhanA ke anivArya aMga haiN| ina sabhI kA hama isa zodha-lekha meM kramAnusAra varNana kara rahe haiM : pA~ca mahAvrata : zramaNoM ko mukhya rUpa se AcAra kI nIMva ke rUpa meM ahiMsAdi pA~ca mahAvatoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai, jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : 1. ahiMsA-sAdhu sarva prakAra kI, trasa va sthAvara jIvoM kI, hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| dazavakAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu jana, jaga meM rahe hue samasta prANiyoM kI jAnabUjha kara evaM anajAna meM mana, vacana, kAya dvArA na hiMsA kareM, na karavAyeM aura na karate hue kI anumodanA hI kreN|' vratoM kI sudRr3hatA ke lie AcArAMgasUtra meM trasa aura sthAvara, sUkSma evaM sthUla jIvoM kI tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se hiMsA na karane ko ahiMsA mahAvrata kahakara isakI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batalAI haiM, ve kramazaH IryA samiti, vacana samiti, mana samiti, eSaNA samiti va nikSepaNA samiti ke rUpa meM haiM / * IryA samiti kA 1. 'jAvaMti loe pANA, tasA aduva thAvarA te jANamajANaM vA, nahaNe NA vidhAyae" --dazavaikAlikasUtra 6 / 10 2: paDhamaM bhaMte / mahatvayaM paccakkhAmi savvaM pANAivAyaM se suhama vA bAyara vA tasaM vA thAvaraM vA neva sayaM pANAivAyaM karijjA 3 jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM maNasA vayasA kAyasA tassa bhaMte paDikkamAmi niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosirAmi' -AcArAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma pR0 1418

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( 35 ) artha calate-phirate samaya ajJAna va asAvadhAnIvaza kisI jIvana kI virAdhanA na ho, kiyA gayA hai / vacana samiti ke anusAra bolate samaya aise vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM kareM jo dUsaroM ko kaSTa utpanna kare / manaH bhAvanA kA artha mana meM vibhinna prakAra ke vidhvaMsAtmaka vicAroM ko sthAna nahIM denA hai / eSaNA samiti se zarIra ko dharma- dhyAna ke hetu calAne ke lie nirdoSa AhAra kI prApti mAnA hai / nikSepaNA kA bodha dainika jIvana ke kAryakalApoM ko calAne ke lie jo Avazyaka upakaraNAdi rakhe jAte haiM, una para mamatva nahIM rakhate hue usakA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka upayoga karanA hotA hai| ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM se zramaNa ko ahiMsANuvrata - pAlana karane meM saMbala milatA hai / 2. satya - zramaNa dvArA asatya kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karanA satya mahAvrata kahalAtA hai / isameM asatya kA mana, vacana, kAya dvArA, kRta kArita, anumodita Adi nau prakAra se tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / uttarAdhyayanaTIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa zabda ke prayoga se janajana kA hita hotA ho, vaha satya hai / " dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhASA satya hai, kintu apriya yA ahitakArI hai, vaha bhASA satyAsatya mRSA - mizra hai va jo bhASA mRSA hai, inako bolanA yogya nahIM hai / AcArAMgasUtra meM to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki sAdhu ha~sI-majAka kA bhI parityAga kareM, vaha apane andara meM aise saMskAra jAgRta kare jisase usakI vANI pUrNa saMyata, nirdoSa evaM yathArtha ho / 3 satya kI nIMva majabUta karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / AcArAMgasUtra, samavAyAMgasUtra evaM praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai / AcArAMga meM nimna pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI haiM : 4 1. 'sadabhyo hita satyam' - uttarAdhyayanaTIkA - AcArya zAntisUri 2. 'jAya saccA avattavvA. saccAmosA ya jA musA jAya buddhihi nAinnA, na taM bhAsijjA pannavaM ' 3. AcArAMgasUtra - muni AtmArAma, pR0 1428-29 4. vahI, pR0 1430-31 - dazavaikAlikasUtra 7 / 2

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( 36 ) 1. anuvIcibhASaNa bhAvanA-hita-ahita kA dhyAna rakhe binA bolnaa| isameM jhUTha ke AjAne kA saMzaya rahatA hai| 2. krodhapratyAkhyAna bhAvanA-krodha meM vyakti vivekazUnya ho jAtA hai aura isa samaya asatya bhASaNa kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH krodha kA tyAga karake bolanA caahie| 3. lobhapratyAkhyAna bhAvanA-lobha kA tyAga karanA jarUrI hai kyoMki lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara vyakti asatya bhASaNa kara sakatA hai| 4. bhayapratyAkhyAna bhAvanA-bhaya se yukta vyakti apane bacAva ke lie jhUTha bola detA hai, ataH muni ko pUrNataH bhayamukta rahanA caahie| 5. hAsyapratyAkhyAna bhAvanA-hAsyavaza sAdhu asatyabhASaNa kara sakatA hai, ataH muni ha~sI-majAka kA tyAga kreN| ha~sI-majAka se jIvana kI gambhIratA meM kamI to AtI hI hai, sabhya logoM kI dRSTi se vaha tuccha sA lagatA hai| 3. acaurya-muni ko gRhastha kI AjJA ke binA koI bhI vastu grahaNa nahIM karanI caahie| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"koI bhI padArtha cAhe vaha grAma meM, nagara meM, araNya meM, aTavI meM par3A ho, vaha svalpa ho, bahuta ho, sthUla ho, sacitta athavA acitta ho; mana, vacana, kAya se na grahaNa karanA, na dUsaroM se karavAnA, na karate hue kA anumodana karanA acauryamahAvrata kahalAtA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI yahI svarUpa varNita hai|2 ___corI vyakti ko patana kI rAha para le jAtI hai| sAdhanA meM rata vyakti aise kArya karane se saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM ulajhakara apanI zAMti kho detA hai / ataH acaurya mahAvratI sAdhaka ko kabhI bhI adatta grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / adattAdAna mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ ise puSTa 1. AcArAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma pR0 1435-36 2. dazavaikAlikasUtra 6:14-15

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( 37 ) karane ke liye batAI gaI haiN| AcArAMgasUtra va praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM bhI ina bhAvanAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai|' 1. viviktavAsasamiti bhAvanA--jo vicArapUrvaka hI avagraha kI yAcanA karatA hai| 2. anujJAtasaMstAraka grahaNa rUpa avagrahasamiti bhAvanA-gurujanoM kI AjJA lekara AhAra-pAnI karanA cAhiye arthAt pratyeka vastu grahaNa karate samaya guru kI AjJA lenI cAhiye / 3. zayyAsaMstAraka parikarmavarjanArUpa zayyAsamiti bhAvanA--nirgrantha sAdhu kSetra va kAla kI maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vastu grahaNa karane vAlA honA cAhiye / 4. anujJAta bhaktAdi bhojana lakSaNA sAdhAraNa piNDapAta lAbha samiti bhAvanA -AvAsa va zayyA ke sAtha hI bhojana kI bhI jarUrata hotI hai, use nizcita mAtrA meM grahaNa karanA cAhiye / bArabAra AjJA lene vAlA honA caahiye| isa taraha sAdhu apanI AvazyakatAnusAra kalpanIya vastu ko grahaNa kreN| jitanI bAra vastu kI AvazyakatA ho utanI bAra guru kI AjJA lekara viveka pUrvaka vicAra kara grahaNa kreN| 5. sArmika vinayakaraNa bhAvanA--samAna dharma va AcaraNa vAle kI vastu lene para, usa sArmika kI ( yAni jisase vastu lI hai) AjJA lenA caahiye| 4. brahmacarya -tIna karaNa tIna yoga se maithuna kA sarvathA tyAga karanA brahmacarya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki deva, manuSya, tiryaJca saMbaMdhI sarva prakAra ke maithuna kA tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se tyAga brahmacarya hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtravRtti meM satya, bhUtadayA, indriya-nirodharUpa brahma kI caryA-anuSThAna, brahmacarya kahA hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM brahmacarya ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| isI se vyakti 1 (ka) AcArAMgasUtra -muni AtmArAma pR0 1437-39 (kha) praznavyAkaraNasUtra-saMvaradvAra, adhyayana 8 2. AcArAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pR0 1444 3. zAstrI, devamuni-jaina AcAra, siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR0 831

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( 34 ) ke vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyA jAtA hai| brahmacarya ko puSTa karane ke liye evaM jIvana meM vratoM kI surakSA ke liye sadaiva jAgRta rahakara sAdhanA karane ke lie bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM brahmacarya kI nimna pA~ca bhAvanAeM batalAI gaI haiM :1. striyoM kI kAmaviSaya kathA nahIM karanA-isase vikArI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai / sAdhanA ke viparIta manaHsthiti paidA ho jAtI hai, isalie sAdhaka ko isase bacanA caahie| 2. vikAra dRSTi se striyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ko nahIM dekhanA caahie| 3. pUrva meM bhoge hue bhogoM kA smaraNa nahIM karanA va zRMgAra rasa se yukta vAsanA ko uddIpta karane vAle sAhitya ko nahIM par3hanA caahie| 4. adhika mAtrA meM va sarasa AhAra kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| zArIrika rUpa se jitanI mAtrA meM AvazyakatA ho, usase adhika nahIM khAnA va jahA~ taka ho sake kSudhA se bhI kama va nirasa AhAra kA sevana karanA caahie| strI, pazu va napusaka se yukta sthAna meM rAta ko nahIM rahanA cAhie, kyoMki inake saMsarga meM rahane se mana meM vikAroM ko sthAna milatA hai aura vyakti kA mana Atma-kalyANa se vimukha ho jAtA hai| 5. aparigraha - sAdhu dvArA samasta nau prakAra ke bAhya parigrahoM va caudaha prakAra ke abhyantara parigrahoM kA tyAga karanA aparigraha hai| bhUmi, bhavana, rajata, svarNa-sampatti, dhAnya, dAsa-dAsI pazu va ghara-gahasthI kA sAmAna bAhya parigraha haiM evaM mithyAtva, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napusaveda, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye Antarika parigraha haiM / 3 AcArAMgasUtra 1. AcArAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pR0 1445-46 2. 'khettaM vatthU dhaNa-saMcao mittaNAi saMjogo jANa sayaNAsayANi ya dAsI-dAsa ca kuvvayaM ca' -bRhatkalpabhASya 285 3. 'koho mANo, mAyA lobho pejjaM taheva do sa a micchatta veda arai, rai hAso sogo bhaya-dugaMchA' -bRhatkalpabhASya 831

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( 39 ) meM alpa, bahuta, sUkSma, sthUla, sacitta va acitta kisI bhI prakAra ke parigraha ko mana, vacana, kAya se na grahaNa karanA, na grahaNa karavAnA aura na hI grahaNa karane vAloM kA anumodana karanA, aparigraha vrata mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra vastra, pAtra ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra va sAdhanA ke prati mamatva nahIM ho, yaha hI mahAvratI kA saccA lakSaNa hai| aparigraha ko majabUta karane ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai:1- priya pa apriya zabda-kAna meM par3e priya yA apriya zabdoM ke prati rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA caahie| 2- rUpa-A~khoM ke sAmane Ane vAle madhura, sundara evaM vikRta rUpa __ko dekhakara rAga-dveSa nahIM karanA caahiye| 3- gandha-vAyu ke sAtha Ane vAlI durgandha va sugandha ke samaya bhI samabhAva se rahanA caahie| 4- rasa-AhAra ke prasaMga meM svAdiSTa va nirasa jaisA bhI AhAra mile use samabhAva pUrvaka grahaNa karanA caahie| 5- sparza-garmI, sardI, varSA meM anukUla va pratikUla upasargoM ke hone para bhI sAdhu ko sAdhanA meM lIna rahanA caahie| isa taraha pA~ca mahAvrata aura usakI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karanA hI zramaNa kA mUla dhyeya hotA hai| isake pAlana se hI vaha Atma-kalyANa ke patha para agrasara hotA hai, evaM janatA ke lie mArga-darzana va preraNAsrota bana jAtA hai| ina pA~ca mahAvratoM kI rakSA va paripuSTatA ke lie jainAcAryoM ne pA~ca samiti va tIna gupti rUpa aSTapravacana mAtA kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| pAMca samiti : ___ prANAtipAta prabhRti pApoM se nivRtta rahane ke lie ekAgratApUrvaka 1. AcArAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pR0 1454 2. vahI pR0 1455-57

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(80) kI jAne vAlI samyak pravRtti samiti kahalAtI hai / " uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM samitiyoM ke pA~ca prakAra batalAye gaye haiM: IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna, bhaNDa- nikSepaNa, uccArAdi pratisthApanA / 1 - - IryA samiti - jJAna - darzana - cAritra kA Alambana lekara, vivekayukta hokara gamanAgamana karanA IryA samiti hai / isameM sAdhu ko gamanAgamana dina meM hI karanA cAhie, rAtri meM nahIM, kyoMki rAtri meM hiMsA kI saMbhAvanAeM jyAdA rahatI haiM / IryA samiti ke samyak paripAlana ke lie Alambana, kAla, mArga va yatanA kA honA Avazyaka hai yathA ka- jJAna-darzana- cAritra ke pAlana se sAdhaka mukta avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai / kha- isakA pAlana dina meM hotA hai, rAtri meM nahIM / apavAda mArga kI bAta aura hai / ga- sAdhaka ko vana, viSamamArga va cora ucakkoM se yukta mArga para nahIM calanA cAhie tathA vezyAlaya, antaHpura va senAzivira ke pAsa bhI nahIM calanA cAhie kyoMki isase mana meM vikSobha utpanna ho sakatA hai / gha- calate samaya ucita viveka rakhA jAnA cAhie, saMbhrAnta va maMthara gati se hAsya va caMcalatA rahita hokara gamana karanA sAdhu ke lie kalpanIya hai / 2. bhASA samiti - zramaNa dvArA apanI vANI para saMyama rakhanA hI bhASA samiti hai | zramaNa dvArA sadaiva satya, priya va nirdoSa vacana vole jAne caahie| isase satya mahAvrata puSTa hotA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, vAcAlatA aura vikathA ina doSoM se 1. 'sama- ekIbhAvena, itiH pravRttiH samitiH zobhanaikAgrapariNAma-ceSTetyarthaH ' - pratikramaNasUtravRtti - 2. 'iriyA - bhAse - saNAdANe, uccAre samiIiya maNaguttI vayaguttI kAyagutI ya aTThamA' uttarAdhyayana sUtra 24 / 2

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(41) apane ko vilaga rakhakara AvazyakatA hone para bhASaNa karanA caahie|' 3. eSaNA samiti -eSaNA kA artha cAha se hotA hai| sAdhu jIvana kA pAlana karane va saMyama-nirvAha karane ke lie AhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, rahane ke lie sthAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ina AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti saMyamita rUpa se kisa prakAra ho, yaha dhyAna rakhanA hI eSaNA samiti hai jaise gAya cArA carate samaya Upara-Upara se ghAsa khA jAtI hai, usakI jar3oM ko nahIM khAtI, usI prakAra sAdhu ko gRhasthoM ke gharoM se thor3A-thor3A AhAra lenA caahie| jisase gRhastha ko naye AhAra kA nirmANa nahIM karanA par3e aura usI AhAra se unakI pUrti ho jaaye| bhikSAcaryA meM sAdhu ko rAjA, guptacara, gRhapati, seTha ke gupta maMtraNA sthaloM para nahIM jAnA caahiye| 4. AdAnabhANDamAtranikSepaNa samiti -sAdhu ke upayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM ko vivekapUrvaka grahaNa karanA tathA pramANita bhUmi para nikSepaNa karanA AdAnabhANDamAtranikSepa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki ogha aura aupagrahika upadhi tathA bhaNDopakaraNa ko muni dvArA yatanApUrvaka dekhakara grahaNa karanA caahie| yahA~ jo sadaiva pAsa rakhI jAtI haiM ve vastueM "oghaupadhi" 1. bhASA samiti nami hitamitasaMdigdhArthabhASaNam __ AvazyakahAribhadrAyAvRtti ( jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa se uddhRta ) 2. raNo gihavaINaM ca, rahasaMsArAkkhiyANa ya / saMkilesakaraM DhANaM dUrao privjje|| --dazavaikAlikasUtra 5 / 16 3. AdAna bhANDamAtra nikSepaNA samiti ma AdAnanikSepaviprajJeyAsamitiH sundaraceSTetyarthaH / -AvazyakahAribhadrIya vRtti ( jaina AcAraH siddhAnta aura svarUpa se uddhRta ) 4. cakkhusA paDilehittA pamajjejja jayaM jii| Aie Nikkhi vejjA vA duhaovi samie sayA // -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24 / 14

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( 42 ) jaise-rajoharaNa, vastra, pAtra Adi evaM jo saMyama-rakSA meM thor3e samaya ke lie kAma meM AtI haiM ve vastueM "aupagrahIta upadhi" kahI jAtI haiM jaise--pATa-pATalA, zayyA Adi / 5. malamUtrAdipratisthApanA samiti-zramaNa ko mala-mUtra Adi pari. SThAna yogya ko ekAnta sthala, jahA~ jIva nahIM hoM, aisI sthaMDila bhUmi meM paraThanA caahie| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki dasa vizeSaNoM vAle sthaMDila meM viSThA, mUtra, zleSma, kapa, zarIrakA maila, na khAne yogya AhAra, jIrNa vastrAdi upadhi, mRta zarIra Adi ko paraThanA cAhiye / ' paraThane kA sthAna kaisA ho, isa bAre meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- (ka) jahA~ koI AtA nahIM ho aura dekhatA bhI na ho; (kha) jahA~ koI AtA to ho, parantu dekhatA nahIM ho; (ga) jahA~ AtA to koI nahIM ho, kintu dUra khar3A dekhatA ho aura (gha) jahA~ koI AtA bhI ho aura dekhatA bhI ho, ina cAroM meM se prathama bindu arthAt jahA~ koI AtA nahIM ho aura dekhatA bhI nahIM ho vaha sthAna zuddha hai tathA vahIM para paraThanA upayukta hai| sthaMDila (jamIna) ke dasa vizeSaNa1- jahAM sapakSa va parapakSa kA AnA-jAnA nahIM ho aura na hI dRSTi par3atI ho| 2- jahA~ chaH kAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA na hotI ho| 3- jahA~ bhUmi samatala ho / 4- bhUmi sApha va khulI ho| 5- bhUmi kucha samaya pUrva dAha Adi se acitta nahIM ho| 6- jo vistRta ho, yAnI eka hAtha pramANa lambI-caur3I ho / 7- bhUmi cAra aMgula nIce taka acitta ho| 8- jahA~ bAga-bagIcA Adi ati nikaTa nahIM ho / 2. 'uccAra' pAsavaNaM kheta siMghANa-jalliyaM / AhAraM uvahiM dehaM aNNaM vAvi tahAvihaM / / -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 24115

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( 43 ) 9- cUhe Adi ke bila nahIM hoM / 10 - jahA~ trasa jIva va zAli Adi ke bIja nahIM hoM / " tIna gupti : gupti kA artha hai gopana | AcArya umAsvAti ne "samyagyoganigraho guptiH " kahakara mana, vacana, zarIra ke yogoM kA jo prazasta nigraha hai, use gupti mAnA hai / guptiyA~ tIna haiM- manogupti, vacanagupta va kAyagupti | 1. manogupti -- uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha meM pravRtti karate hue mana ko sAdhu yatanApUrvaka haTA leve / caMcala hue mana ko sAdhanA se kAbU meM kare, aisA karane ko manogupti kahA gayA hai / 2. vacanagupti - dUsaroM ko mArane meM samartha zabda bolanA vacana saMrambha hai, dUsaroM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne vAlA zabda vacana samArambha hai va prANiyoM ke prANoM kA atyanta klezapUrvaka nAza meM samartha maMtrAdi guNa kA vacana Arambha hai / ataH sAdhu yatanApUrvaka vacana se inameM pravRtti nahIM ho / * 3. kAya gupti - khAne-pIne, uThane-baiThane, hilane- calane Adi meM azubha vyApAroM kA parityAga kAya gupti hai / kisI ko pITane ke lie taiyAra honA kAya saMrambha, prahAra karanA kAya samArambha va vadha ke lie pravRtta honA kAya Arambha hai / " ataH sAdhu apane ko aise kArya karane se rokeM / 5 isa prakAra samitiyoM kA lakSya kAya, mana ko cAritra meM lagAnA hai aura guptiyoM kA prayojana zubhAzubha vyApAroM se mana haTAnA hai / samiti pravRtti va gupti nivRtirUpa mAnI gaI hai / ataH zramaNa ke 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 24 / 16-18 2. tattvArtha sUtra 914 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 25|21 4. vahI, 24 / 23 5. vahI, 24 / 25

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( 44 ) jIvana meM inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isase mahAvratoM Adi ke paripAlana meM sahAyatA milatI hai va jIvana AcAra darzana zuddha hotA hai| parISahaH muni jIvana ke AcAra-vicAra ko yathA rUpa pAlana karate hue acAnaka koI saMkaTa upasthita hotA hai, to use samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kiyA jAtA hai| isI ko parISaha kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra va samavAyAMgasUtra meM bAIsa parISahoM kA ullekha hai : 1. kSudhA parISaha 5- bhUkha lagane para bhI niyama viruddha AhAra na __ lenaa| 2 tRSA parISaha - pyAsa lagane para bhI niyama viruddha sacitta jala na piinaa| 3. zIta parISaha - vastra kI kamI se zIta lagane para bhI tApa grahaNa nahIM krnaa| 4. uSNa parISaha - garmI lagane para havA, pAnI va paMkhe kA prayoga nahIM krnaa| 5. daMzamazaka parISaha - DAMsa va macchara kATane para krodha nahIM krnaa| 6. acela parISaha - vastra ke abhAva kI cintA nahIM karanA / 7. aratiparISaha - sukha-suvidhA kA abhAva hone para cintana nahIM krnaa| .8. strI parISaha - strI saMsarga kI icchA nahIM karanA / 1. (ka) 'bAvIsa parIsahA paNNattA taM jahA-digiMchAparisahe, pivAsAparisahe sItaparisahe, usIThaNamaNarisahe, daMsamasagaparisahe, acelaparisahe, araiparisahe itthIparisahe, cariyAparisahe, nisIhiAparisahe, tijjAparisahe, ukkosaparisahe, vahaparisahe, jAyaNAparisahe, alAbhaparisahe, rogaparisahe, taNaphAsaparisahe, jallaparisahe, sakkArapurakAraparisahe, paNNAparisahe, aNNANaparisahe, dasaNaparisahe' / -samavAe-(suttAgame) sUtra pR0 335 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 212

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( 45 ) 9, caryA parISaha - pada yAtrA meM kaSTa hone para bhI niyama ke __viruddha nahIM tthhrnaa| 10. niSadhA parISaha - svAdhyAya ke liye viSama bhUmi ho to kheda nahIM krnaa| 11. zayyA parISaha -viSama bhUmi va tRNa Adi na ho to zUnya gRha meM tthhrnaa| 12. Akroza parISaha - duSToM dvArA pratAr3ita karane para sahana zIlatA rkhnaa| 13. vadha parISaha - yadi muni ko koI lakar3I Adi se mAre to bhI samabhAva rkhnaa| 14. yAcanA parISaha - bhikSAvRtti se kabhI-kabhI sammAna ko coTa pahu~catI hai, to bhI sAdhu maryAdA kA pAlana kreN| 15. alAbha parISaha - vastra-bhojana paryApta mAtrA meM prApta nahIM hone para bhI sahanazIlatA se usa kaSTa ko sahana kreN| 16. roga parISaha - zarIra meM roga hone para Avazyaka ciki tsA nahIM milane taka zAMtacitta rhnaa| 17. tRNa parISaha -- sote va calate samaya tRNa, kAMTA Adi cubhane se vedanA ko samabhAva se sahana krnaa| 18. mala parISaha - vastra va zarIra para dUra taka calane se gaMdA ho jAne para bhI hIna bhAva nahIM rakhanA caahie| 19. satkAra parISaha - janatA dvArA sammAna hone para prasannatA kA anubhava nahIM karanA / 20. prajJA parISaha - jJAna kA abhimAna na krnaa| buddhimAna hone para vAda-vivAda ho to khinna nahIM ho ki aise se to ajJAnI hI acchA hai|

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( 46 ) 21. ajJAna parISaha - manda buddhi hone para bhI sAdhanA meM lage rhnaa| 22. darzana parISaha - anya mata va sampradAyoM ke ADambara ko dekhakara svadharma meM azraddhA nahIM karanA / ina bAIsa parISahoM ko sahana karanA cAhie ye mukti kI ora le jAne meM sahAyaka tattva haiN| samAcArI : vizeSa rUpa se pAlana karane yogya niyama samAcArI kahe jAte haiM / isako dinacaryA kahA jAtA hai| ye dasa prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM :' AvazyakIya, naSedhikI, ApracchanA, pratipRcchanA, chandanA, icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, pratizruta, tathyakAra, gurupUjA abhyutthAna, upsNpdaa| anAcAra : zramaNa jIvana ko zAstrokta vidhi se, niyamAnusAra nimnAMkita 52 anAcAroM se bacate rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ye hI ve niyama haiM jinake samyak pAlana se janamAnasa meM zraddhA va cAritra kI chApa chor3I jAtI hai aura inhIM anAcAroM kA sevana karane se zramaNa sarvatra tiraskRta, kalaMkita va asaMyamI mAnA jAtA hai / 1-jo vastra, AhAra, sthAna sAdhu ke lie banAyA yA kharIdA gayA ho, usakA upabhoga krnaa| 2-sAdhu ke lie kharIdI gaI koI bhI vastu sAdhu grahaNa kare / 3-AmaMtraNa svIkAra kara kisI ke ghara se AhAra lenaa| 4-dharmasthAna meM yA sAdhu ke sAmane lAkara dI huI vastu lenA, rkhnaa| 5-rAtri meM anna, pAnI, khAne kI vastu yA svAdayukta khAne kI vastu rakhanA yA khAnA / 6-hAtha-pA~va dhonA yA pUrNa snAna krnaa| 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26 / 2-4 2. dazavakAlika-adhyAya 3

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( 47 ) 7-sugandhita padArthoM kA sevana / 8-kisI bhI prakAra kI mAlA ko pahananA / 9-havA ke lie paMkhe puDhe Adi kA upayoga / 10 -ghI, tela, gur3a, zakkara Adi rAtri meM apane pAsa rkhnaa| 11--gRhastha ke thAlI, kaTorI Adi meM bhojana karanA / 12--rAjA ke lie banA huA AhAra lenaa| 13 -dAna zAlAoM meM jAkara AhAra lenaa| 14--binA kAraNa tela mardana krnaa| 15 -danta maMjana karanA, rAkha yA missI ragar3anA / 16-gRhastha se kuzala-kSema pUchanA / 17 - kAMca, pAnI yA tela meM mu~ha dekhanA / 18-juA khelnaa| 19-caupar3a, zataraMja Adi khelnaa| 20 .-sira para chatarI yA chatra dhAraNa karanA / 21--binA kAraNa auSadhi lenA yA cikitsaka ko dikhlaanaa| 12-jUte, moje Adi pahananA / 13 -dIpaka Adi jlaanaa| 24 -jisake ghara Thahare haiM usa ghara kA AhAra pAnI lenaa| 25-khATa, palaMga, kursI Adi kisI bhI bune hue Asana para baitthnaa| 26-roga, tapasyA yA vRddhAvasthA ke atirikta kAraNa se gRhastha ke yahA~ baitthnaa| 27 --zarIra para pIThI mlnaa| 28-svayaM gRhastha kI sevA karanA yA gRhastha se sevA karavAnA / 29 ---gRhastha se jAtIya sambandha jor3akara AhAra lenaa| 30-garma pAnI jisa bartana meM kiyA jAya vaha Upara taka garma na ho phira bhI pAnI lenaa|

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( 48 ) 31-roga, upasarga yA parISaha Ane para gRhasthAvasthA yA pArivAriva __ janoM ko yAda karanA / 32--mUlI 33-adaraka 34-ganne kA Tukar3A 35-sUraNa 36-mUla jar3I 37-phala 38-bIja 39-saMcalanamaka 40-saMdhAnamaka 41--sAdAnamaka 42-romadeza kA namaka 43-samudrI namaka 44-dhUla yukta namaka 45-kAlA namaka kA upayoga krnaa| 46- zarIra yA vastra ko dhUpa denaa| 47-binA kAraNa jAnabUjhakara vamana karanA / 48-guhyasthAna kI zobhA krnaa| 49--binA kAraNa julAba lenaa| 50-A~khoM kI zobhA ke lie aMjana yA suramA lagAnA / 51--dA~toM ko rgdd'naa| 52-vyAyAma-kasarata Adi krnaa| __isa prakAra 52 anAcAroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki sAdhu kA jIvana sIdhA-sAdhA va sarala honA caahie| jo sAdhu ina 52 anAcAroM se bacakara apanA saMyama pAlana karate haiM ve hI sAdhU-jIvana kA yathArtha meM pAlana karate haiN| vartamAna sthiti : isa prakAra uparokta jaina zramaNa kI sAdhanA-paddhati para zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA ke caturvidhasaMgha meM sAdhu ko jo sarvaprathama sammAnajanaka sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai vaha unake veza se nahIM AcaraNa se diyA gayA hai| saccA zramaNa vahI hai jo mana, vacana aura zarIra se hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karate haiN| kaSToM, upasargoM va pariSahoM ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karate haiM, zArIrika mamatva

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( 49 ) kA tyAga karate haiM / sabhI anukUla va pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samatA yukta bane rahate haiM, svayaM vItarAga kI vANI ke anusAra AcaraNa karate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI unake anusAra AcaraNa karane kA upadeza dete haiM / pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti ke ArAdhaka hote haiM, Adara, satkAra, vandana, nindA, prazaMsA se prabhAvita nahIM hote haiM, maMtra-taMtra Adi vidyAoM ke jAnakAra hote hue bhI unakA upayoga nahIM karate haiM, bAIsa parISahoM ko jItate haiM aura 52 anAcAroM se bacakara saMyamajIvana kA nirvAha karate haiN| parantu vartamAna meM samAja kI prabuddha evaM yuvA pIr3hI jaba ina AcaraNoM ke viparIta kiyA karate hue kucha vezadhArI sAdhuoM ko dekhatI hai, to use samagra sAdhuoM para saMdeha hone lagatA hai| aneka sampradAyoM meM vibhakta, eka dUsare para Aropa-pratyAropa karane vAle, aneka durAcAroM meM lipta, samAja ko gumarAha kara calane vAle, AcaraNa aura saMyama meM zithila ajJAnI azikSita Adi kucha aise jaina zramaNa haiM, jo sampUrNa zramaNa saMsthA ko kalaMkita karate haiM parantu kucheka vyaktiyoM ke AcaraNa va vyavahAra se samagra sAdhu-samAja kA mUlyAMkana karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / yaha bAta sahI hai ki sAdhu, samAja ke vyaktiyoM ke sahayoga se jIvanayApana karatA hai isalie zAstroM meM gRhasthoM ko sAdhuoM ke mAtApitA kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| parantu unakI yaha AvazyakatApUrti samAja vyartha meM nahIM karatA hai| sAdhu apane jJAna aura AcaraNa dvArA svayaM ke sAtha-sAtha samAja kA bhI kalyANa karatA hai| vaha jJAna-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jo adhyayana, manana aura cintana karatA hai, usakA navanIta vaha samAja ko detA hai| ___ samAja ko maryAdita va naitika banAne meM sAdhu saMsthA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detI hai| ye samAja se sirpha roTI, kapar3A lekara samAja ke naitika AdarzoM ko jIvita rakhate haiN| yadi hama paraspara prema, sneha aura sadbhAvanA ke pratIka rUpa samAja kI kalpanA karate haiM, hamAre baccoM aura bhAvI pIr3hI meM saMskAra cAhate haiM to ina uccAdarzoM ke pAlana karane vAle sAdhuoM ke mahattva ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| yaha bAta bhI sahI hai ki ina zramaNoM ke veza meM aise aneka tattva zAmila haiM jo inakI chavi ko bigAr3a rahe haiM, samAja ko unase sAva

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( 50 ) dhAna rahanA hai| agara koI bhI sAdhu yA sAdhvI zramaNAcAra ke viparIta AcaraNa karatA pAyA jAye to samAja ke prabuddha zrAvaka kA kartavya hai ki aise vyakti ko ucita bodha pradAna kareM tAki hamAre gauravazAlI itihAsa ko akSuNNa rakhA jA ske| ___ sAdhuoM ko bhI cAhie ki ve pUrvAgraha va haThamitA ko chor3akara dharma ko vaijJAnika va tArkika zailI se samajhakara prastuta kreN| isa bhautikatAvAdI yuga meM, vijJAna ke camatkAroM aura ucca zikSA ke samaya kevala AtmA-paramAtmA, loka-paraloka, svarga-naraka kahane se hI kArya nahIM calegA, ina saba kI tArkika va manovaijJAnika DhaMga se samAja ke sAmane prastutIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| yuvAoM kA samAja evaM dharma se pUrNarUpeNa nahIM jur3a pAne kA merI samajha meM yahI ekamAtra kAraNa hai ki hama apanI sabhyatA, saMskRti, dharma aura darzana ko sahI DhaMga se prastuta nahIM kara pA rahe haiM / merA isa prakAra vartamAna sthiti ko likhane kA eka mAtra yahI darda hai ki hamArA yuvA kyoM samAja ke sammukha nahIM AtA, yA yoM kahU~ ki use kyoM Ane nahIM diyA jAtA hai| yuvakoM ke sakriya hue binA samAja adhUrA hai, nirbala hai. azakta hai| yaha vicAra kisI para AkSepa yA vyAmoha ke paricAyaka nahIM kA hai| yuvA hone evaM jaina dharma-darzana para kArya karate hue jo anubhava hote haiM unheM lekara hI ina lekhoM ke mAdhyama se maiM Apa taka pahu~catA hU~, aura yaha AzA karatA hU~ ki ina bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa mere yuvA mitra hamAre sAtha kandhe se kandhA milAkara cleNge| zodha adhikArI Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura (rAjasthAna)

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra janmanA brAhmaNa yA kSatriya -saubhAgyamala jaina saMskRta ke eka subhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki ayaM nijaH paroveti, gaNanA laghucetasAm / udAra caritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam // jina jIvAtmAoM kI cetanA laghu hotI hai unake nikaTa sva-para kA prazna hotA hai aura jo udAracarita haiM unake liye pUrA vizva eka kuTumba jaisA hotA hai| mahAvIra udAracarita the, asAdhAraNa mahApuruSa the / ve vizvAtmarUpa sAre jagat ko vizvAtmamaya anubhava karate the, sAre prANi-jagat ke prati anukaMpA kA bhAva unake hRdaya meM thaa| urdU ke eka kavi ne isI bhAva ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai khaMjara cale kisI para, tar3apatA hai merA dila / ki sAre jahA~ kA darda, mere jigara meM hai| isa kAraNa mahAvIra ke saMbaMdha meM kula, varNa Adi kA prazna mahattva nahIM rakhatA kintu itihAsa Thosa tathyoM para AdhArita hotA hai, vahA~ bhAvanA kA mahattva nagaNya hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se dekhane para yaha mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ki mahAvIra janmanA brAhmaNa the yA kSatriya / jaina dharma ke donoM mahattvapUrNa sampradAyoM meM unakA janma kSatriya kula ke jJAtRvaMza meM licchavI gaNa ke rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI priyakAriNI trizalA ke garbha se hone kI dRr3ha mAnyatA hai kintu zvetA0 sampradAyamAnya bhagavatI sUtra ke 9veM zataka meM ullekha hai ki jaba RSabhadatta brAhmaNa kI patnI devAnaMdA brAhmaNI bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa (dharma-sabhA) meM upasthita huI to usake stana dUdha se bhara gaye, azrupAta hone lagA, pulakita ho gaI taba prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti ke prazna para bhagavAn ne samAdhAna kiyA ki devAnaMdA brAhmaNI merI mAtA hai| jahA~ taka lekhaka ko jAnakArI hai diga0 paramparA ke kisI graMtha meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai|

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( 52 ) kahA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIva svarga se cyuta hokara devAnaMdA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM ASAr3ha zukla 6 ko AyA tathA 82 dina taka brAhmaNI ke garbha meM rahA kintu 83 veM dina kathAkAra ke anusAra deva ne devAnaMdA ke garbhAzaya se bhrUNa nikAlakara mAtA trizalA ke garbhAzaya meM sthApita kara diyaa| kathAkAra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara kA janma kSatriya-kula meM hotA rahA hai, isI kAraNa yaha garbha-parivartana karAyA gayA / yadi isa paurANika mitha ko satya mAna bhI liyA jAye to bhI vAstavika kula brAhmaNa hI hotA hai / prANi-jagat meM manuSya garbhaja prANI hai garbha-sthAnAntaraNa ke pazcAt svapna-darzana, naimittikoM se svapna-phala, upayukta samaya para janma, saba kucha rAjA siddhArtha ke yahAM huA jo kSatriya the| garbhAvataraNa ke pUrva kI ghaTanA saba kucha sArvajanika nahIM thI kintu svapna-phala se lekara ghaTanA sArvajanika thii| kyoMki rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI trizalA vaizAlIgaNa ke adhipati mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahina thI jo videhavaMzIya the, isI kAraNa use videhadattA tathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko videhadattA ke putra videha nivAsI rAjakumAra vaizAlIka ke rUpa meM prasiddhi prApta huii| bhadrabAhukRta kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai isI kAraNa bhagavAn kA janma kSatriyakula meM honA prasiddhi pA gyaa| uparokta bhagavatI sUtra ke 9 veM zataka ke kathana ke pUrva isI mahattvapUrNa zAstra meM hI deva meM garbha-parivartana kI kSamatA kA kathana hai| kintu vahA~ mahAvIra kA nAma nirdiSTa nahIM hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadeva ne kalpanA kI hai ki yaha ullekha bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita hai kyoMki unakA garbha parivartana huA thaa| hAlAki garbhasakramaNa kI ghaTanA AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 15veM adhyayana (bhAvanA cUlikA) meM hai| isakI racanA kA kAla bhadrabAhu kA kAla (mahAvIra nirvANa se 200 varSa pazcAt) mAnA jAtA hai| sthiti yaha huI ki bhagavAn kA kSatriya-putra hone kA kathana (AcArAMga sUtra prathama zrutaskaMdha) meM tathA isake viparIta devAnaMdA ke mAtA hone kA kathana (jo paraspara bhinna the) bhagavatI sUtra meM surakSita rhe| vIranirvANa ke cAra zatAbdI pazcAt Agama prAmANya kA prazna upasthita huA to eka ghaTaka digambara paramparA ne AcArAMga sUtra kA kathana hI satya mAnA tathA dUsarI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA ne bhagavatIsUtra aura

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( 53 ) AcArAMga donoM kA kathana satya mAnakara inake paraspara virodha ke zamana ke rUpa meM garbhAntaraNa kI ghaTanA ko Agama meM sthAna diyaa|' zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aMga zAstra vIranirvANa se 980 varSa pazcAt (vikramAbda 5vIM zatAbdI meM devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM tAr3apatroM para lipibaddha hue| hAlA~ki aMga sAhitya kA astitva isake pUrva bhI (thor3e parivartana ke sAtha) maujUda thaa| aMga sAhitya ke pazcAt 8 yA 9vIM zatAbdI ke Avazyaka niyukti tathA bhASya meM garbhAntaraNa kI ghaTanA saMkSipta rUpa meM hai / tAtparya yaha ki mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambaddha adhika se adhika vRttAnta ko usa samaya taka ke racita sAhitya kA dohana karake AcArya hemacandra (12vIM zatAbdI) ne apanI kavitva zakti, kalpanA zakti kA bharapUra upayoga karake svaracita triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa grantha meM samAviSTa kiyA / aisA lagatA hai ki AcArya ke sammukha jaina sAhitya ke sAtha bhAgavata purANa meM varNita vAsudeva kRSNa kA jIvana caritra tathA ghaTanAyeM rhiiN| niSkarSa yaha hai ki aMga sAhitya se lekara 12vIM zatAbdI taka mahAvIra ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM meM raMga bharatA gayA aura usako alaukika ghaTanA se bharapUra kara diyA gayA / __ nissandeha kathA lekhaka apane samakAlIna yA pUrva ke sAhitya kI ekadama upekSA nahIM kara sktaa| eka dUsare para prabhAva par3anA avazyaMbhAvI hai / AcArAMga tathA bhagavatI sUtra meM uparokta paraspara virodhI vivaraNoM meM sAmaJjasya biThAne ke prayatna meM vRttAMta meM asaMgata ghaTanA ko zAmila kiyA gyaa| prANi-jagat meM kisI kI do mAtAyeM honA asaMbhava hai / ataH Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA ko vizvasanIyatA pradAna karane ke lie hariNegameSI deva kA sahArA liyA gayA, jaisA ki Upara jikra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhAgavata purANa meM varNita kRSNa jIvana kI alaukika ghaTanA ko sAmane rakhakara kavitva zakti kA bharapUra upayoga kara mahAvIra ke jIvana ko alaukika ghaTanA se bhara diyA / 1. darzana aura ciMtana khaNDa 2, gujarAta vidyApITha ahamadAbAda, pR0 37 2. cAra tIrthaGkara pR0 75-76, pA0 vi0 zo0 saM0, vArANasI dvi0 saM0-1989 / 3. vahI, pR0 59

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( 54 ) mahAvIra ke samakAlIna tathAgata buddha ke jIva ke garbha meM Ane ke pUrva devagaNa unake kula tathA janma-sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karake yaha taya karate haiM ki inakA janma kapilavastu ke zAkya kula meM upayukta rhegaa| saMbhava hai bauddha graMthoM meM varNita isa ghaTanA kI kucha chAyA hamAre jaina kathAkAroM ke mastiSka meM bhI ho / vidvAn zrI devendra munijI ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki brAhmaNa jJAna yogI ho sakatA hai; karmayogI nahIM / isa kAraNa janma zAkya kula meM honA jarUrI hai|' ____ isa saMbaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM "karma" kI zakti bahuta zaktivAna mAnane kI avadhAraNA hai / karma ke Age saba vivaza haiN| yaha smaraNIya hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pUrva yaha prazna unake sammukha upasthita huA ki yadi bhagavAn kA nirvANa pUrva yA bAda kA ho jAye to bhasmagraha ko niSprabhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisakA duSprabhAva jaina zAsana para hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| kintu svayaM mahAvIra ne uttara diyA ki yaha kisI ke vaza meM nahIM hai / yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki 8 karmoM meM gotra karma ke phalasvarUpa ucca-nIca gotra kA baMdha hotA hai| isI prakAra AyU karma meM AyuSya baMdha hotA hai| karma ko aprabhAvI karane ke saMbaMdha meM mahAvIra ne vivazatA btaaii| kyA hariNegameSI deva meM yaha zakti ho sakatI hai ? vAstavikatA yaha jJAta hotI hai ki usa yuga meM brAhmaNa purohita yajJa para palane ke kAraNa svArthI ho gayA thA, tatkAlIna samAja meM alokapriya bhI ho gayA thaa| kyoMki rAjyAzraya ke kAraNa sainikoM dvArA kRSi yogya pazu taka ko pakar3avAkara bali dI jAtI thii| isa kAraNa janasAdhAraNa kI dRSTi meM vaha heya mAnA jAne lgaa| yaha bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki jisane hamAre kathAkAroM ko kSAtra kula meM janma lene kI bAta para jora dene ko vivaza kiyA usake liye garbhAvataraNa kI ghaTanA ko kathA meM jor3anA par3A kevala yahI nahIM apitu yaha ghoSaNA bhI kI gaI ki tIrthaMkara sadaiva kSAtra kula meM janma lete haiN| mahAvIra ke jIva kA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM AnA tIrthaMkara ke jina-vyavahAra ke viruddha hai| kathAkAroM ne apane ArAdhya 1. mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, pR0 213 2. bhAratIya saMskRti ke 4 adhyAya pR0 136, 384, 234.

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tIrthaMkara ke jIvana ke sAdhAraNa krama meM bhI devI-devatAoM kA praveza karAkara unake mahattva ko sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kaI atizayayukta kalpanAyeM zAmila kara dI gii| yaha prayatna eka bhakta hRdaya kA hai itihAsa lekhaka kA nhiiN| saMbhavataH mahAn AcArya samantabhadra ne eka stotra meM inhIM vicAroM ko lakSya kara kahA thA devAgama nabho yAna, cAmarAdi vibhUtayaH / mAyAviSvapi izvate, nAtastomapi nomahAna / / Apake liye AkAza mArga se deva yAna se Ate haiM, Apako samakSa samavasaraNa meM caMvara DulAI jAtI hai| yaha aizvarya to eka mAyAvI (indra jAliyA) bhI banA sakatA hai Apa isake kAraNa mahAn nahIM apitu ApakA udAtta karma, mahAn hai isI kAraNa pUjya haiN| niSkarSa yaha hai --jaisA ki svanAmadhanya prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI ne vyakta kiyA haiM :(1) tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI mAtA devAnaMdA brAhmaNI thI aura janma kula brAhmaNa thaa| yaha bhI saMbhAvanA hai ki bAlyAvasthA meM hI unako siddhArtha rAjA ne goda liyA ho kintu yaha ucita nahIM lagatA kyoMki jyeSTha putra naMdivardhana maujUda the| mujhe adhika sambhAvanA yaha lagatI hai ki pAlana-poSaNa ke liye siddhArtha rAjA ke yahA~ bAlyAvasthA meM hI rakha diyA gyaa| yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki tatkAlIna kSAtra kula kI uccatA sarvasvIkRta thii| kSAtra kula meM ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa thA jo janmanA brAhmaNa bAlaka tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI antarvatti ke anukUla thaa| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA sArA jIvana kSAtra teja sampanna, adamya sAhasa aura zauryamaya biitaa| maiMne isa lekha kI taiyArI meM svanAmadhanya paM0 sukhalAlajI, vidvAn devendra munijI, sva0 rAmadhArI siMha dinakara kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM tathA vicAroM se lAbha liyA hai unakA RNa svIkAra karake unake prati natamastaka hai| (2),

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zramaNa -utsava lAla tivArI 'sumana' bhAratIya saMskRti kA bhUSaNa hai vaha zramaNa pAramArthika hai jisakA tana-mana-aura jIvana, tana-mana aura jIvana hai nyochAvara jagata-hita parahita nirata, nita cintana karatA sadaya cita, mAnA jAtA zuddha, buddha, siddha jaga vandanIya rahatA hai, santuSTa jo zramaNa sadA AtmI // 1 // zAnti priya santuSTha mana dharma-karma sampanna binA par3e chala chadma meM, rahatA sadA prasanna rahatA sadA prasanna, dikhalAtA sabako supatha bheda-bhAva rahita kara calavAtA saMsAri ratha apanAtA usa dharma ko miTAya bhava-bhrAnti saba satkarma sikhAya, jo aMzAntihara de, zAnti // 2 // jo karma nirantara kare naitika naimettika dharmAcaraNa nibhAya, sAmUhika vaiyaktika sAmUhika vaiyaktika zraddhA, vizvAsa bar3hAya jaga-jana-jIvana madhya, uttama abhilASa jagAya sva-para hita kara rakha pAya vazameM nijamanako sArthaka kara dikhalAya-sumana zramaNa jIvana ko / / 3 // saba usako de sAtha, usake saba saMkaTa kaTe jIvana hove mukta bhayabhrAnti jhaMjhaTa haTe bhayabhrAnti jhaMjhaTa haTe use kaSTa vyApe nahIM kaThina ulajhanakI jar3a kATe saphalatA se vahI use na koI satAya, parahita zrama athaka kare apanA zramaNa janma, vaha yathArtha sArthaka kare 25/1 sumana kuTIra bhAU sAhaba vAlI havelI tivArI mArga 1 ujjaina ma0pra0 456006

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'samayasAra' ke anusAra AtmA kA kartRtva-akartRtva evaM bhoktRtva-abhoktRtva -DA0 zrIprakAza pANDeya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM dakSiNa bhArata ke koNDakunda nAmaka sthala para avatIrNa huye AcArya kundakunda kA digambara jaina para mparA ke AcAryoM meM apratima sthAna hai| unakI mahattA isI pramANa dvArA siddha ho jAtI hai ki digambara paramparA ke maGgalAcaraNa meM unakA sthAna gautama gaNadhara ke tatkAla pazcAt AtA hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke cAra digambara saMghoM meM se tIna kA kuMdakuMdAnvaya kahA jAnA isI tathya kA pratipAdaka hai / kuMdakuMdAcArya kI gaNanA una zIrSastha jaina AcAryoM meM kI jAtI hai jinhoMne AtmA ko kendra-bindu mAnakara apanI samasta kRtiyoM kA sRjana kiyaa| unakI kRtiyoM meM se pramukha tIna paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra evaM samayasAra kA jaina AdhyAtmika granthoM meM vahI sthAna hai jo prasthAnatrayI ( upaniSad, brahmasUtra, gItA) kA vedAnta darzana meM hai| prastuta nibandha meM hamArA abhISTa ina tInoM racanAoM meM se 'samayasAra' ke anusAra AtmA ke kartRtva-bhoktRtva kI vivecanA hai| samayasAra Atmakendrita grantha hai| amRtacandra svAmI ne 'samaya' kA artha 'jIva' kiyA hai--'TakotkIrNa citsvabhAvo jIvo nAma padArthaH sa smyH| samayata ekatve yuga pajjAnAti gacchati ceti nirukteH'2 arthAt TaGkotkIrNa citsvabhAvavAlA jo jIva nAma kA padArtha hai, vaha 1. maGgalam bhagavAna vIro maGgalam gautamo gnnii| maGgalam kundakundAryaH jaina dharmo'stu maGgalam / / kundakundAcArya kI pramukha kRtiyoM meM dArzanika dRSTi : DA0 suSamA gAMga prastAvanA pR0 31, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, vArANasI-1982 2. samayasAra-paM0 pannAlAla dvArA sampAdita-prastAvanA pR0 17, gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI-bI0ni0saM0 2501

Page #60
( 58 ) samaya kahalAtA hai / jayasenAcArya ne bhI 'samyag ayaH bodho yasya bhavati sa samayaH AtmA' athavA 'samaM ekabhAvenAyanaM gamanaM samayaH ' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra samaya kA artha AtmA kiyA hai / svayaM AcArya kundakunda ne nirmala AtmA ko 'samaya' kahA hai - 'samayo khalu Nimmalo appaa''| ataH samayasAra kA artha hai traikAlika zuddha svabhAva athavA siddhaparyAya AtmA / dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hI samayasAra hai evaM isI zuddhAvasthA kA vivecana isa grantha kA pratipAdya hai / AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM pramukha evaM maulika hai / jainadarzana meM AtmA kI siddhi pratyakSa aura anumAnAdi sabala akATya pramANoM dvArA kI gaI hai / zvetAmbara Agama AcArAMgAdi meM yadyapi svatantra rUpa se tarkamUlaka AtmAstitva sAdhaka yuktiyA~ nahIM haiM phira bhI aneka aise prasaMga haiM jinase AtmAstitva para prakAza par3atA hai / AcArAMga ke prathamazrutaskandha meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo bhavAntara meM dizA - vidizA meM ghUmatA rahatA hai vaha "maiM" hU~ / yahA~ "maiM" AtmA ke liye AyA hai / digambara AmnAya ke SaTSaNDAgama meM AtmA kA vivecana hai kintu AtmAstitva sAdhaka svatantra tarkoM kA abhAva hai / digambara AcArya kundakunda ne apane 'samayasAra' meM AtmA kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai / 3 IND AtmA ke astitva ke sambandha meM AcArya kundakunda kA mata hai ki AtmA svataH siddha hai / apane astitva kA jJAna pratyeka jIva ko sadaiva rahatA hai 1. 2. 'pANehiM caduhiM jIvadi jIvassadi jo hi jIvido puvaM / so jIvo te pANA poggala davvehiM NivantA || jo indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa ina cAra prANoM se jItA samayasAra tAtparyavRtti pR0 5 / rayaNasAra- kundakundAcArya, sampA0 zAstrI, devendrakumAra gAthA 153 pR0 194 3. AcArAMga 1 / 1 / 1 / 4 4. pravacanasAra gAthA 2 / 55 pR0 189 sampA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa 1964

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( 59 ) thA, jItA hai, aura jIegA, vaha jIva dravya hai aura cAroM prANa pudgala dravya se nirmita haiN| pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi' meM AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra yantra pratimA kI ceSTAyeM apane prayoktA ke astitva kA jJAna karAtI haiM usI prakAra prANa Adi kArya bhI kriyAvAna AtmA ke sAdhaka haiN| kundakundAcArya ne prakArAntara se AtmA ko 'ahaM' pratIti dvArA grAhya kahA hai / 'jo caitanya AtmA hai, nizcaya se vaha maiM (ahaM) hU~, isa prakAra prajJA dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hai. aura avazeSa samasta bhAva mujhase pare hai, aisA jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra AtmA svataHsiddha hai| __ AtmasvarUpa kA vivecana samayasAra meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne do dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai : pAramArthika dRSTikoNa evaM vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa / dRSTikoNa ko jainadarzana meM naya kahA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se naya do prakAra ke hote haiM-(1)nizcaya aura (2) vyavahAra naya / pAramArthika dRSTi hI nizcaya naya hai| kuMdakuMda ne nizcaya naya ko bhUtArtha, paramArtha, tattva,' evaM zuddha kahA hai| nizcaya naya vastu ke zuddha svarUpa kA grAhaka arthAt bheda meM abheda kA grahaNa karane vAlA aura vyavahAra naya ko abhUtArtha athavA vastu ke azuddha svarUpa kA grAhaka kahA gayA hai| AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA vivecana zuddha nizcaya se ( arthAt jo zuddha vastu hai usameM koI bheda na karatA huA, eka hI tattva kA kathana zuddha nizcaya karatA hai ) evaM usake azuddha svarUpa kA vive-- cana vyavahAra naya se ( arthAt azuddha nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se kathana karatA hai)| zuddha svarUpa kA vivecana kuMdakuMda ne bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka donoM dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai / bhAvAtmaka paddhati meM unhoMne 1. sarvArtha siddhi 5 / 19, pR0 166, sampA0 jagarUpa sahAya, bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA vi0 saM0 1985 2. samayasAra-gAthA 297 3 vahI, gAthA 11 4. vahI, gA0 156 5. vahI, gA0 29 6. vahI, gA0 11 7. vahI, gA0 11

Page #62
(60) batAyA hai ki AtmA kyA hai ? aura niSedhAtmaka paddhati meM batAyA hai ki bauddha darzana kI bhA~ti pudgala usakI paryAya tathA anya dravya AtmA nahIM haiN| nizcaya tathA vyavahAra naya ke mAdhyama se AtmA kA vivecana karate huye AcArya ne kahA hai ki -'nizcaya naya ke anusAra AtmA caitanyasvarUpa tathA eka hai, vaha baMdhavihIna, nirapekSa, svAzrita, acala nissaMga, jJAyaka evaM jyotimAtra hai|' nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se AtmA na pramatta hai na apramatta hai aura na jJAnadarzanacAritra svarUpa hai| vaha to ekamAtra jJAyaka hai / vaha azeSa dravyAntaroM se tathA usake nimitta se hone vAle paryAyoM se bhinna zuddha dravya hai / AtmA ananya zuddha evaM upayoga svarUpa hai / vaha rasa, rUpa aura gandharahita, avyakta caitanyaguNa yukta, zabdarahita cakSu indriya Adi se agocara aliMga evaM pudgalAkAra se rahita hai| vaha zarIra saMsthAna, saMhanana, rAga, dveSa, moha, pratyaya, karma, varga, vargaNA, adhyavasAya, anubhAga, yoga, baMdha, udaya, mArgaNA, sthitabaMdha, saMkleza sthAna se rahita hai|3 AtmA nirgrantha, vItarAga va niHzalya hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'na maiM mArgaNA sthAna hU~, na guNasthAna hUM, na jIvasamAsa hU~, na bAlaka-bRddha evaM yuvAvasthA rUpa huuN| samayasAra meM AcArya ne kahA hai ki 'nizcaya se maiM eka hU~, zuddha hU~, darzana jJAnamaya evaM sadAkAla arUpI hU~, anya paradravya paramANumAtra bhI merA kucha nahIM hai| nizcaya naya se yaha AtmA anAdikAla se apratibuddha ho rahA hai, isI apratibuddhatA ke kAraNa vaha 'sva' aura 'para' ke bheda se anabhijJa hai| AtmA hai to AtmA meM hI parantu ajJAnI use zarIrAdi para padArthoM meM khojakara 1. samayasAra gA0 1 :-15 2. Na vi hodi apamatto pA matto jANao du jo bhAvo / evaM bhaNaMti zuddhaM NAo jo so u so ceva / / samayasAra 6 3. samayasAra 50-55, niyamasAra 3 / 38-46, 5078 evaM 80 4. niyamasAra 3144, 48 5. paramAtmaprakAza gAthA 91 yogindu sampA0 upAdhye, e0 ena0, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 1960 6. samayasAra 78

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(61) duHkha kA pAtra banatA hai| niyamasAra meM bhI AcArya ne kahA hai ki nizcaya naya se AtmA janma, jarA-maraNa evaM utkRSTa karmoM se rahita, zuddha jJAna, darzana, sukhavIrya svabhAva vAlA, nitya avicala rUpa hai|' ataH nizcaya naya se AtmA caitanya upayoga svarUpa,2 svayaMbhU, dhruva, amUrtika, siddha anAdi ghana atIndriya, nirvikalpa evaM zabdAtIta hai| samasta SaTakAracakra kI prakriyA bheda dRSTi yA vyavahAra naya se hai abheda dRSTi meM isakA astitva hI nahIM hai| ___ vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se AcArya ne azuddha saMsArI AtmA kA vivecana kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se adhyavasAya Adi karma se vikRta bhAvoM ko AtmA kahA hai / jIva ke ekendriyAdi bheda, guNasthAna, jIva samAsa evaM karma ke saMyoga se utpanna gaurAdi varNa tathA jarAdi avasthAe~ aura nara-nArI Adi paryAyeM azuddha AtmA kI hotI haiM / vyavahAra naya dRSTi se hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra AtmA ke kahalAte haiM / AtmA caitanya svarUpa, prabhukartA, dehapramANa evaM karmasaMyukta hai|' vyavahAra naya se AtmA zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA evaM sukha-dukhAdi phaloM kA bhoktA hai| vyavahAra se hI jIva va zarIra ko eka samajhA jAtA hai nizcaya naya se jIva va zarIra kabhI eka nahIM ho sakate / zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA eka kSetrAvagAha hone se zarIra ko AtmA kahane kA vyavahAra hotA hai jaise-cA~dI va sone ko galA dene para eka piNDa ho jAtA hai para vastutaH donoM alaga hote haiM, usI prakAra AtmA aura zarIra ina donoM ke eka kSetra meM avasthita hone se donoM kI jo avasthAyeM haiM yadyapi bhinna haiM tathApi unameM ekapana kA vyavahAra hone lagatA hai| isa prakAra vyavahAra naya se AtmA zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA evaM sukhAdi phaloM kA bhoktA hai| 1. niyamasAra 175-78 2. paMcAstikAya 16; 109, 124, pravacanasAra 35, bhAvapAhur3a 62, sarvArthasiddhi 218 3. samayasAra 56-67 4. paMcAstikAya--27 sampA0 manohara lAla paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI 1904

Page #64
( 62 ) AtmA kA kartRtva-akartRtva : nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA va vedAnta kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ko zubha-azubha, dravyabhAva karmoM kA karttA va bhoktA mAnA hai / sAMkhya darzana eka aisA darzana hai jo AtmA ko karttA to nahIM mAnatA para bhoktA mAnatA hai / anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI apekSA jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki ve apane mUlabhUta siddhAnta syAdvAda ke anusAra AtmA ko kathaMcit kartA va kathaMcit akarttA mAnate haiM / jaina darzana kI paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anurUpa AcArya kundakunda bhI AtmA ko karttA evaM bhoktA nirdiSTa karate haiM / unhoMne AtmA ke kartRtva- bhoktRtva para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai - nizcaya naya, azuddha nizcaya naya evaM vyavahAra naya / ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para AtmA meM kartRtva-akartRtva evaM bhoktRtva abhoktRtva donoM parilakSita hotA hai / jise hama Ane vAlI paMktiyoM meM dekheMge / kundakundAcArya ke anusAra AtmA ko karttA kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha pariNamanazIla hai / 'yaH pariNamati saH kartA' " anya dravyoM kI bhA~ti AtmA meM bhI svabhAva va vibhAva do paryAya mAne gaye haiM / ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya ye AtmA ke svabhAva guNa paryAya haiM / pudgala yA pudgalakarmoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa AtmA meM hone vAle paryAya vibhAva paryAya kahalAte haiM jaisemanuSya, nArakIya, tiryaJca Adi gatiyoM meM AtmapradezoM kA ekAkAra honA vibhAva paryAya hai / cUMki vyavahAra va azuddha naya kI apekSA hI AcArya kuMdakuMda AtmA meM kartRtva mAnate haiM isaliye unake anusAra vyavahAra naya kI apekSA AtmA dravyakarma, nokarma evaM ghaTapaTAdi karmoM kA kartA hai aura azuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se bhAvakarmoM kA kartA hai / samayasAra meM AcArya ne kahA hai ki vyavahAra naya se AtmA ghaTa, paTa, ratha Adi kAryoM ko karatA hai, sparzanAdi paMcendriyoM ko karatA hai jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karmoM tathA krodhAdi bhAvakarmoM ko karatA hai / ' vyavahAra naya se jIva jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM, audArikAdi zarIra evaM 2. samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA gAthA 86, kalaza- 51 3. samayasAra -96

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( 63 ) AhAra paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgala rUpa nokarmoM aura bAhyapadArtha ghaTapAdikA kartA hai kintu azuddha nizcaya naya se rAgadveSAdi bhAvakarmoM kA kartA hai / " paMcAstikAya kI tAtparya vRtti meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki azuddha nizcaya naya kI dRSTi meM zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA pariNamana honA hI AtmA kA kartRtva hai / ataH vyavahAranaya yA upacAra se hI AtmA jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA hai / 'karmabandha kA nimitta hone ke kAraNa upacAra se kahA jAtA hai ki jIva ne karma kiye haiM, udAharaNArtha- senA yuddha karatI hai kintu upacAra se kahA jAtA hai ki rAjA yuddha karatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA vyavahAra dRSTi se hI jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA kahalAtA hai' / ' pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA apane bhAvakarmoM kA kartA hone ke kAraNa upacAra se dravya karma kA kartA kahalAtA hai, jisaprakAra loka rUr3hi hai ki kumbhakAra ghar3e kA kartA va bhoktA hotA hai usI prakAra rUr3hivaza AtmA karmoM kA kartA va bhoktA hai / " para aura Atmadravya ke ekatvAdhyAsa se AtmA kartA hotA hai / 6 jIva (AtmA) aura pudgala meM nimitta - naimittika sambandha hai / kisI bhI kriyA ke sampAdita hone meM upAdAna - upAdeya evaM nimittanaimittika kAraNa mukhya haiM / jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNamana karatA hai vaha upAdAna kahalAtA hai aura jo kArya hotA hai vaha upAdeya kahalAtA hai, jaise- miTTI ghaTAkAra meM pariNita hotI hai, ataH vaha ghaTa kA upAdAna hai aura ghaTa usakA upAdeya hai / yaha upAdAna - upAdeya bhAva sadA eka hI dravya meM banatA hai kyoMki eka dravya mana trikAla meM bhI nahIM kara sakatA / upAdAna ko kArya rUpa meM pari anya dravya rUpa pariNa 1. dravya saMgraha - TIkA nemicandra sampA0 koThiyA, darabArI lAla, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina grantha mAlA - 16 vArANasI, 1966 pR0 8; zrAvakAcAra ( vasunandi ) 35. 2. cUlikA gAthA 57 3. samayasAra - 105-81 4. pravacanasAra - tattvadIpikA TIkA 29 5. samayasAra AtmakhyAti TIkA 84 6. samayasAra - 97 7. no bhau pariNamataH khalu pariNAmo nobhayoH prajAyeta, samayasAra gAthA 86 para amRta canda TIkA pR0 10

Page #66
( 64 ) Nita karane vAlA yA pariNita karane meM jo sahAyaka hai, vaha nimitta kahalAtA hai, aura usa nimitta se upAdAna meM jo kArya niSpanna huA hai vaha naimittika kahalAtA hai-jaise kumbhakAra tathA usake daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi upakaraNoM se miTTI meM ghaTAkAra pariNamana huA to yaha saba nimitta huye va ghaTa naimittika huA / yahA~ nimitta va naimittika donoM pudgala dravya ke andara niSpanna haiM aura jIva ke rAgAdibhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara karmavargaNA rUpa pudgala dravya meM pariNamana huA / jaba upAdAna upAdeyabhAva kI apekSA vicAra hotA hai taba cU~ki karmarUpa pariNamana pudgala rUpa upAdAna meM huA hai, isalie isakA kartA pudgala hI hai, jIva nahIM / kintu jaba nimitta naimittika bhAva kI apekSA vicAra hotA hai taba jIva ke rAgAdika bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala meM karmarUpa pariNamana huA hai, kumbhakAra ke hastavyApAra kA nimitta pAkara ghaTa kA nirmANa huA hai isalie inake nimitta kramazaH rAgAdika bhAva va kumbhakAra haiM / isI prakAra dravya karmoM kI udayAvasthA kA nimitta pAkara jIva meM rAgAdika pariNati huI hai isalie isa pariNati kA upAdAna kAraNa jIva svayaM hai aura nimitta kAraNa dravya karma kI udayAvasthA hai arthAt pudgala dravya jIva ke rAgAdika pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara karmabhAva ko prApta hotA hai, isI taraha jIva dravya bhI pudgalakarmoM ke vipAkakAla rUpa nimitta ko pAkara rAgAdibhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai / aisA nimitta naimittika sambandha hone para bhI jIva, dravya karma meM kisI guNa kA utpAdaka nahIM hotA arthAt pudgala dravya svayaM jJAnAvaraNAdi bhAva ko prApta hotA hai / isI taraha karma bhI jIva meM kinhIM guNoM kA utpAdaka nahIM apitu mohanIya Adi karma ke vipAka ko nimitta pAkara jIva svayaMmeva rAgAdi rUpa pariNamana karatA hai | ataH 'jIva apane bhAvoM kA kartA hai pudgala karmakRta saba bhAvoM kA nahIM " jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA pudgala hai / isa prakAra zuddha nizcaya kI dRSTi se vaha parabhAva kA akartA hai para azuddha nizcaya kI dRSTi se vaha apane azuddhabhAva kA kartA hai / Atma pariNAmoM ke nimitta se karmoM ko karane ke kAraNa AtmA vyavahAra naya se kartA kahalAtA hai / * 1. paMcAstikAya - 61; pravacanasAra - 62; samayasAra - 126, 2. paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikATIkA - 27

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( 65 ) sAMkhyasammata akartRtvavAda kA khaNDana : -bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAMkhya hI eka aisA darzana hai jo AtmA ko akartA mAnate huye bhI bhoktA mAnatA hai / sAMkhyavAdiyoM kA mata hai ki puruSa apariNAmI evaM nitya hai isalie vaha kartA nahIM ho sakatA; pApa-puNya, zubha-azubha karma prakRti ke haiM isaliye prakRti hI kartA hai|' anya dArzanikoM kI taraha jainadArzanikoM ne bhI sAMkhyoM ke isa siddhAnta kI samIkSA karate huye kahA hai ki yadi puruSa akartA hai aura puruSa prakRti dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kA bhoktA hai to aise puruSa kI parikalpanA hI vyartha hai / kundakundAcArya kahate haiM ki 'yadi puruSa ko akartA mAnA jAya aura samasta kAryoM ko karane vAlI jar3a prakRti ko mAnA jAya to prakRti hiMsA karane vAlI hogI tathA vahI hiMsaka kahalAyegI, jIva asaMga va nilipta hai isalie jIva hiMsaka nahIM hogA, aisI sthiti meM vaha hiMsA ke phala kA bhAgI bhI nahIM hogaa| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka jIva apane pariNAmoM se dUsare kI hiMsA karatA hai, phalataH vaha jIva dUsare kI hiMsA ke phala kA bhAgI hotA hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyamata meM jar3a prakRti kartA ho jAyegI tathA sabhI AtmAyeM akartA ho jaayeNgii| jaba AtmA meM kartRttva nahIM rahegA taba usameM karmabandha kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| karmabandha kA abhAva ho jAne se saMsAra kA abhAva ho jAyegA, evaM saMsAra na hone se AtmA ko sadA mokSa hone kA prasaMga A jAyegA jo pratyakSa viruddha hai / ataH sAMkhya kI taraha AcArya kundakunda AtmA ko sarvathA akartA nahIM mAnate kyoMki bhedajJAna ke pUrva ajJAnadazA meM AtmA rAgAdibhAvoM kA kartA hai aura bheda jJAna ke anantara vaha ekamAtra jJAyaka raha jAtA hai| bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana :-AtmakartRtvavAda ke prasaMga meM kundakundAcArya ne kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai / kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM ke anusAra 'yat sat tat kSaNikam' isa siddhAnta ke anurUpa jo vastu jisa kSaNa meM vartamAna hai, usI kSaNa usakI sattA hai, aisA mAnane para 1. sAMkhyakArikA-11, 19, 20, 57, 26, 47, 49-IzvarakRSNa sammA0 tripAThI, ramAzaMkara, vArANasI 1970 2. zrAvakAcAra- (amitagati) 4135 3. samayasAra-338-39,

Page #68
( 66 ) vastu ke kSaNika hone se, jo kartA hai vahI bhoktA nahIM hogA kyoMki vaha to usI kSaNa vinaSTa ho gyaa| isa prakAra anya hI kartA aura anya hI bhoktA siddha hogA jo ki pratyakSa viruddha hone se mithyA hai / kuMdakuMdAcArya ne dravya kI paryAya rUpa avasthAoM ko 'kSaNika kiMvA anitya' svIkAra karake bhI una paryAyoM meM sarvadA vidyamAna rahane vAle guNa ke kAraNa dravya kI nitya sattA svIkAra kI hai| yadi aisA mAnA jAya to paryAyAthika dRSTi se AtmA meM kartRtva-bhoktRtva ke samaya anya paryAya kA kartRtva evaM anya paryAya kA bhoktRtva sambhava hai jaise manuSya paryAya meM kiye gaye zubhakarmoM kA phala deva paryAya meM hogA kintu dravyAthika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to motiyoM kI mAlA meM anusyUta sUtra ke samAna samasta paryAyoM meM dravya anusyUta rahatA hai ataH vahI nitya dravya kartA evaM bhoktA hai|' AtmA ke akartRtva kA pratipAdana karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki nizcaya naya ( zuddha nizcaya ) se yA pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA ko kartA mAnanA mithyA hai, aisA mAnane vAle ajJAnI haiN| AtmA kisI se utpanna nahIM huA hai isalie kArya nahIM hai aura kisA ko utpanna nahIM karatA isalie kAraNa bhI nahIM hai| karma kI apekSA kartA va kartA kI apekSA karma utpanna hote haiM - aisA niyama hai| kartA va karma anya kI apekSA siddha na hokara svadravya kI apekSA hI siddha hote haiM, ataH AtmA-akartA hai| AtmA jo svabhAva se zuddha tathA dedIpyamAna caitanyasvarUpa jyoti ke dvArA jisane saMsAra ke vistAra rUpa bhavana ko prApta kara liyA hai-akartA hai / ataH zuddhanizcaya naya kI dRSTi se AtmA akartA hai / AtmA meM kartRtvapana para aura Atmadravya ke ekatvAdhyAsa se hotA hai / 'ajJAnI jIva bheda saMvedana zakti ke tirohita ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmA ko kartA samajhatA hai| vaha para aura AtmA ko ekarUpa samajhatA hai, isI mizrita jJAna se AtmA ke aka1. samayasAra-345-348 2. akartA jIvo'yaM sthita iti vizuddha svarasataH samayasAra-311 amRtacanda svAmI kalaza-194, 3. samayasAra-308-310 4. vahI, 194

Page #69
( 67 ) tRtva va ekasvarUpa vijJAnaghana se pathabhraSTa hokara AtmA ko kartA samajhatA hai / AtmA to anAdighana nirantara samasta rasoM se bhinna atyaMta madhura eka caitanya rasa se paripUrNa hai / kaSAyoM ke sAtha AtmA kA vikalpa ajJAna se hotA hai, jise AtmA va kaSAyoM kA bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai, vaha jJAnI AtmA sampUrNa kartR bhAva ko tyAga detA hai, vaha nitya udAsIna avasthA ko dhAraNakara kevala jJAyaka rUpa meM sthita rahatA hai aura isI se nirvikalpaka akRta, eka, vijJAnaghana hotA huA atyanta akarttApratibhAsatA hai / " ajJAnAndhakAra se yukta jo AtmA ko kartA mAnate haiM, ve mokSa ke icchuka hote hue bhI mokSa ko prApta nahIM hote / ataH nizcayanaya yA pAramArthika dRSTi se kundakunda AtmA meM kartRtva nahIM mAnate, vaha to Asa, arUpa, agaMdha saba prakAra ke liMga AvRtti se rahita, azabda, azarIrI, jJAyaka svabhAva evaM zuddha hai / AtmA kA bhoktRtva abhoktRtva : AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se AtmA zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA evaM unakarmaphaloM kA bhoktA hai / jisaprakAra vyAvahArika dRSTi yA vyavahAra naya se AtmA pudgala karmoM kA kartA hai usI prakAra vaha paudgalika karmajanya phala sukha - duHkha evaM bAhyapadArthoM kA bhoktA hai / AtmA jaba taka prakRti ke nimitta se vibhinna paryAya rUpa utpAda evaM vyaya kA parityAga nahIM karatA tabataka vaha mithyAdRSTi va asaMyamI rahakara sukhaduHkha kA upabhoga karatA rahatA hai / avadheya hai ki jainadarzana meM AtmA ke bhoktRtva ko sAMkhya kI taraha upacAra se bhoktRtva nahIM kahA gayA hai / sAMkhyavAdI puruSa ko upacAra se karma - phaloM kA bhoktA mAnate haiM, AcArya kundakunda aisA na mAnakara AtmA ko vyAvahArika stara para vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA mAnate haiM / " sAMkhyoM ke upacAra se bhoktA kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi puruSa bhoktA 1. edeNa duso kattA AdA NicchayabiihiM parikahado / evaM khalu jo jANadi so mucadi savbakattittaM / / samayasAra - 97 2. etena vizeSaNAda- upacarita vRtyA bhoktAraM cAtmAnaM manyamAnA sAMkhya:nAm nirAsaH / SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA- kArikA - 49 / 3. paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA TIkA- 68, puruSArtha siddhayupAya - 10

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(68) nahIM hai lekina buddhi meM pratibimbita sukha-duHkha kI chAyA puruSa meM par3ane lagatI hai yahI usakA bhoga hai| unake anusAra bhogakriyA vastutaH buddhigata hai parantu buddhi ke pratisaMvedI puruSa' meM bhoga kA upacAra hotA hai, jisaprakAra sphaTika maNi lAlaphala ke sAnnidhya ke kAraNa lAla evaM pIle phUla ke saMsarga ke kAraNa pIlI dikhAI detI hai evaM phUla ke haTajAne para apane svaccha svarUpa meM pratIta hone lagatI hai usI prakAra cetana puruSa buddhi meM pratiphalita hotA hai / jainadArzanika sAMkhya ke ukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| cUMki puruSa amUrta hai isalie eka to usakA pratibimba nahIM ho sakatA hai, dUsare puruSa kA pratibimba buddhi meM par3ane se puruSa ko yadi bhoktA mAnA jAya to mukta puruSa ko bhI bhoktA mAnanA par3egA kyoMki usakA pratibimba bhI buddhi meM par3a sakatA hai / yadi sAMkhya bhukta puruSa ko bhoktA na svIkAra kare to tAtparyataH puruSa ne apanA bhoktRtva svabhAva chor3a diyA hai aura aisA mAnane para AtmA pariNAmI ho jaayegaa| ataH AtmA upacAra rUpa se bhoktA nahIM balki vaha bhoktatva ke artha meM bhoktA hai, samayasAra ke anusAra jIva kA karma evaM karmaphalAdi ke sAtha nimitta-naimittika rUpeNa sambandha hI kartAkarmabhAva athavA bhoktA bhogya vyavahAra hai| AtmA ke abhoktRtva kI vyAkhyA karate hue samayasAra meM AcArya ne kahA hai ki prakRti ke svabhAva meM sthita hokara hI karmaphala kA bhoktA hai isake viparIta jJAnI jIva udIyamAna karmaphala kA jJAtA hotA hai bhoktA nahIM / vaha aneka prakAra ke madhura, kaTu, zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala kA jJAtA hote hue bhI abhoktA kahalAtA hai / jisa prakAra netra vibhinna padArthoM ko dekhatA mAtra hai, unakA kartA bhoktA nahIM hotA usI prakAra AtmA baMdha tathA mokSa ko karmodaya evaM nirjarA ko jAnatA mAtra hai, 1. vyAsabhASya-pR0 214 2. kusumavacyamaNi : / sAM0 sU* 2135 3. samayasAra-345-348 4. bhoktRtvaM na svabhAvo'sya smRta : kartRtva vaccitaH / ajJAnAdeva bhoktAyaM / tadabhAvAvedaka : / samayasAra-Atma0 TI0 96

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( 69 ) unakA kartA bhoktA nahIM hotaa|' pudgala janya karmo kA bhoktA hote huye bhI jJAnI AtmA usI prakAra karmoM yA tajjanya phaloM se nahIM baMdhatA hai jisa prakAra vaidya viSa kA upabhoga karatA huA bhI maraNa ko prApta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samayasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne azuddha nizcaya evaM vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se AtmA ko kartA-bhoktA evaM zuddhanizcaya naya kI dRSTi se akartA va abhoktA kahA hai| kundakundAcArya kA mukhya prayojana saMsArI jIvoM ke sammukha AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa ko isa prakAra prastuta karanA thA jisake dvArA jIva anantaguNAtmaka vizuddha AtmA ke svarUpa ko jAna sake / isIlie unhoMne AtmasvarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie nizcaya evaM vyavahAra donoM naya kA sahArA liyaa| jahA~ kundakandAcArya ne vyavahAra naya ke mAdhyama se AtmA kI saMsArI avasthA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai vahIM nizcayanaya ke mAdhyama se Atmadravya ko pUrNataH vizuddha tathA samasta para padArthoM se pUrNataH asambaddha nirdiSTa kiyA hai / zuddhAvasthA meM AtmA svacatuSTaya meM lIna kisI kArya kA kartA-bhoktA na hokara jJAtA-draSTA mAtra hotA hai| vyavahAra naya ke mAdhyama se kundakundAcArya kA uddezya yaha darzAnA hai ki yadyapi saMsArI AtmA kI azuddhAvasthA jisameM vaha samasta karmoM kA kartAbhoktA hai, eka vAstavikatA hai lekina yaha AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ke pratikUla hai, kyoMki yaha Agantuka hai isIlie heya bhI hai| parantu usa vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta karane ke liye AtmA kI azuddhAvasthA kA jJAna utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA zuddhAvasthA kaa| unhoMne nizcayanaya dvArA AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA ko upAdeya batAyA hai| padmaprabhu ne naya vivakSA se AtmA ke kartRtva-bhoktRtva bhAva ko spaSTa karate huye kahA hai ki 'nikaTavartI anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya kI apekSA 1. samayasAra-314-20 2. vahI, 195 3. nizcaya naya kI daSTi se AtmA ke do hI bheda haiM-mukta evaM saMsArI ina donoM bhedoM meM hI bhavya, abhavya, azubhopayogI, zuddhopayogI sabakA samAveza ho jAtA hai, mokSapAhuDa 5 meM AcArya ne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA evaM paramAtmA tIna bheda kie haiN|

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(70) AtmA dravya karma kA kartA va tajjanyaphalopabhoktA hai| azuddha nizcaya kI apekSA samasta moha, rAga-dveSarUpa bhAvakarmoM kA kartA hai tathA unhIM kA bhoktA hai| upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya se vaha ghaTapaTAdi kA kartA va bhoktA hai| nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se vaha kartA-karma se pare eka mAtra jJAyaka bhAva evaM eka TaGkotkIrNa hai evaM zuddha hai / ve AcAryazaMkara kI taraha AtmA kI azuddhAvasthA ko mithyA na mAnate huye AtmA kI saMsArI avasthA ko eka vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane se inkAra nahIM karate / ve AtmA ke jJAtA draSTApakSa para bala dete samaya sAMkhya ke nikaTa va zuddha nizcaya naya para bala dete samaya vedAnta ke nikaTa khar3e dikhAI dete haiM / AcArya kundakunda kI vyApaka dRSTi jainadarzana kI paridhi meM rahakara bhI jainetara darzanoM kI paridhi ko chU letI hai jo isa bAta kI sUcaka hai ki 'eka sat viprAbahudhAvadanti' evaM jijJAsu kevalamayaM viduSAM vivAdaH' kI ghoSaNAeM satya haiM /

Page #73
bharatamuni dvArA prAkRta ko saMskRta ke sAtha pradatta sammAna aura gauravapUrNa sthAna -DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra prAkRta bhASA kI utpatti ke bAre meM do mata haiM, eka ke anusAra prAkRta, saMskRta se janmI aura dUsare ke anusAra saMskRta, prAkRta se janmI / isI ke bAre meM yahA~ thor3I sI carcA kI jA rahI hai / vararuci apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM prAkRta bhASA kI utpatti ke bAre meM mauna haiM | caNDa apane prAkRtalakSaNam meM kahate haiM - prAkRta tIna prakAra se siddha prasiddha hai (1) saMskRta yoni vAlI arthAt tadbhava zabda, (2) saMskRtasamaM arthAt tatsama zabda aura (3) dezI prasiddham arthAt dezya zabda | ina tIna prakAra ke zabdoM se yukta prAkRta bhASA batAyI gayI hai / unhoMne isakI utpatti ke bAre meM kucha nahIM kahA hai / pU0 AcArya zrI hemacandra apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM prAkRta ke viSaya meM kahate haiM - ( 1 ) tatra bhavaM tatra AgataM vA prAkRtam, (2) ... saMskRtayonereva tasya lakSaNam aura (3) na dezyasya / arthAt (a) dezya ke bAre meM idhara kucha nahIM kahA jA rahA hai (3) (ba) saMskRta yoni vAle zabdoM ke lakSaNa diye jA rahe haiM (2) (ka) isameM jo zabda (saMskRta se) bane ve aura isameM (saMskRta meM) se jo Aye arthAt tadbhava aura tatsama zabda bhI haiM (1) / yahA~ taka to unakI paribhASA caNDa ke samAna hI lagatI hai paraMtu jaba unhoMne yaha kahA ki prAkRta kI prakRti saMskRta hai taba kyA samajhanA / prakRtiH saMskRtam vidvAnoM kI eka paramparA isakA artha yaha karatI hai ki prakRti zabda

Page #74
( 72 ) aura yoni zabda se yaha tAtparya liyA jAya ki prAkRta kI utpatti saMskRta se huI | yadi isa prakAra mAna bhI liyA jAya to vararuci ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM isa sambandha meM anya prAkRta bhASAoM ke lie jo kucha kahA gayA hai usakA samAdhAna kyA hogA ? prAkRta prakAza ke adhyAya 10, 11 aura 12 meM kahA gayA hai (9) paizAcI 10.1, prakRtiH zaurasenI 10.2 ( 2 ) mAgadhI 11.1, prakRtiH zaurasenI 11.2 (3) zaurasenI 12. 1, prakRtiH saMskRtam 12.2 ina sUtroM ke anusAra 'prakRti' zabda kA artha vahI liyA jAya jo hemacandrAcArya ke sUtra ke sambandha meM liyA jAtA hai to isakA artha yaha hogA ki saMskRta meM se utpanna bhASA to zaurasenI hai, mAgadhI zaurasenI meM se utpanna huI aura paizAcI bhI zaurasenI meM se nikalI / ina sabakA puna: yaha artha huA ki zaurasenI bhASA mAgadhI aura paizAcI kI janayitR hone ke kAraNa unase pUrvavartI kAla kI bhASA hai / aisA mAnanA prAkRta bhASAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa ke krama kI mAnyatA ke pratikUla jAtA hai / jaba zaurasenI saMskRta meM se nikalI to prAkRta (mahArASTrI ) phira kisameM se utpanna huI ? isa sandarbha meM yahI mAnanA yogya aura ucita lagatA hai ki alagaalaga prAkRta bhASAoM ke lakSaNa samajhAne ke lie kisI eka ko dUsarI bhASA kA mAtra AdhAra banAyA gayA hai jahA~ para utpatti srota yA janmayoni kA savAla nahIM hai / yaha to mAtra samajhAne ke lie eka paddhati apanAyI gayI hai jahA~ utpatti kA savAla hI nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM bharatamuni kA mantavya bhI jAnanA anucita nahIM hogA / unhoMne prAkRta kI utpatti, prakRti yA yoni ke bAre meM to kucha nahIM kahA hai / ve likhate haiM ki nATakoM meM do hI pAThya bhASAyeM haiM, eka saMskRta aura dUsarI prAkRta ( bha0 nA0 zA 0 17.1 ) / prAkRta saMskAraguNa se varjita hotI hai / usameM samAna zabda

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( 73 ) ( tatsama ), vibhraSTa ( tadbhava ) aura dezI zabda hote haiM / yaha parivartana ( viparyasta ) yukta hotI hai (17.3) / isa kathana ke anusAra eka bhASA saMskAraguNa se varjita hai (prAkRta) arthAt dUsarI bhASA saMskAra guNa vAlI (saMskRta) hai| isase yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jisako-saMskArayukta banAyA gayA, jise saMskAra diyA gayA vaha bhASA kauna sI hai ? uttara hogA jo saMskAra rahita thI use hI saMskArayukta banAyA gayA arthAt prAkRta ko yAni prakRti ko saMskRta banAyA gayA taba kauna sI bhASA pahale aura kauna sI bAda meN| spaSTa hai ki jo prakRti kI bhASA svAbhAvika lokabhASA, jana-bhASA thI use hI saMskAra dekara saMskRta banAyI gyii| yahA~ para bhASA ke kisI nAma vizeSa se tAtparya nahIM hai sirpha samajhanA itanA hI hai ki asaMskAra vAlI bhASA meM se saMskAra vAlI bhASA bnii| saMsAra kI sabhI bhASAoM para yahI niyama lAgU hotA hai| ziSTa bhASA kA udbhava kisI eka loka-bhASA se hI hotA hai aura bAda meM donoM meM paraspara AdAna-pradAna hotA rahatA hai| yadi saMskRta hI yoni ho to phira jo niyama pU0 hemacandrAcArya ne banAye haiM ve ulTe sAbita nahIM hote haiM kyA ? (1) sUtra-83.158 vRtti... "akArasya sthAne ekAro vA bhavati / jaise-hasai kA hasei, suNau kA sunneu| phira Age vRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kvacidAtvamaNi' arthAt kahIM-kahIM a kA A ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-suNAu ( zruNAtu ) isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki suNau se suNAu huaa| vAstava meM to saMskRta meM jo 'A' hai usake sthAna para hI a aura e prAkRta meM pracalita thaa| zruNAtu = suNAu, suNa u, sunneu| yahA~ para pU0 hemacandra ne samajhAne kI jo paddhati apanAyI hai usase saMskRta ko prAkRta kI yoni mAnakara srota ke rUpa meM usakA artha ucita nahIM ThaharatA hai|

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( 74 ) ataH prakRti zabda se unakA tAtparya 'janmadAtR' nahIM parantu samajhAne ke lie 'AdhAra' hI phalita hotA hai| (2) zaurasenI meM tha kA dha hone ke lie eka sUtra diyA haitho dhaH - 8.4.267 phira bAda meM iha ke ha aura dvi0 pu0 ba0 va0 ke vartamAna kAla ke pratyaya ha kA dha honA batalAyA hai| iha hadhoH hasya 8 4.268 - udAharaNa ho dha yaha to saMskRta 'bha va tha' kA ho dha hai arthAt tha kA hI dha banA hai| isako saMskRta se na samajhAkara prAkRta se hI samajhAyA hai-arthAt saMskRta meM se prAkRta kI utpatti kI unakI mAnyatA hotI to kyA ve aisA karate? (3) iha meM se idha huA to yaha bhI sahI nahIM hai mUla to idha hI thA usameM se hI saMskRta meM iha banA hai| isa sandarbha meM pU0 A0 zrI. hemacandrAcArya dvArA prayukta 'prakRti' zabda kA artha yahI hotA hai ki prAkRta bhASA ko samajhAne ke lie (arthAt tadbhava aMza ke lie) saMskRta kA Azraya liyA jA rahA hai, use AdhAra mAnakara samajhAyA jA rahA hai isase alaga aisA artha nahIM ki saMskRta prAkRta kI jananI hai yA usameM se usakI utpatti huI hai| bharatamuni ne isake alAvA prAkRta ko nATakoM meM saMskRta ke samAna hI darjA diyA hai| unake dvArA yaha kahA jAnA ki nATakoM meM do hI pAThya bhASAe~ hotI haiM saMskRta ke bAre meM to kaha diyA aba prAkRta ke bAre meM kahatA hU~ evaM tu saMskRtaM pAThyaM mayA proktaM samAsataH / prAkatasya nU pAThyasya saMpravakSyAmi lakSaNam // (17.1) jise (prAkRtako) alaga-alaga avasthAoM meM apanAyI jAnI caahie| vijJeyaM prAkRtaM pAThyaM nAnAvasthAntarAtmakaM 11-17.2 yahI prAcIna sthiti hai jaba saMskRta ke sAtha prAkRta bhASA ko bhI samAna rUpa meM gaurava kA pada prApta thaa| vibhAgAdhyakSa, prAkRta evaM pAli gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, gujarAta. ..

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pANDava purANa meM rAjanaitika sthiti "pANDava purANa" AcArya zubhacandra bhaTTAraka dvArA vi0 saM0 1608. meM racita jaina purANa hai / isa grantha meM kaurava - pANDavoM kI kathA kA varNana jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAhitya meM yaha purANa " jaina- mahAbhArata" ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yadyapi AcArya zubhacandra ne mahAbhArata kI kathA ko lekara hI isa purANa kI racanA kI hai tathApi isameM vaidika mahAbhArata kI kathA se pada-pada para bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai / mahAbhArata kathA viSayaka grantha hone ke kAraNa isa meM sthAna-sthAna para rAjanIti sambandhI bAteM spaSTa dikhalAI par3atI haiM / pANDava purANa ke adhyayana se hameM pANDava purANa meM rAjatantrAtmaka zAsanapraNAlI ke darzana hote haiM, pANDava purANa meM rAjanIti sambandhI jina bAtoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai ve isa prakAra haiM rAjya - rItA biznoI --- pANDava purANa ke adhyayana se rAjya kI utpatti ke jisa siddhAnta ko sarvAdhika bala milatA hai vaha hai sAmAjika samajhaute kA siddhAnta / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra rAjya daivIya na hokara eka mAnavIya saMsthA hai jisakA nirmANa prAkRtika avasthA meM rahane vAle vyaktiyoM dvArA pArasparika samajhaute ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / isa siddhAnta ke pratipAdaka atyanta prAcIna kAla se eka prAkRtika avasthA ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM, jisake antargata jIvana ko vyavasthita rakhane ke liye rAjA yA rAjya jaisI koI vyavasthA nahIM thI / isa prAkRtika vyavasthA ke viSaya meM paryApta matabheda hai, kucha ise pUrva sAmAjika to kucha pUrva rAjanaitika avasthA mAnate haiM / isa prAkRtika avasthA ke antargata vyakti apanI icchAnusAra prAkRtika niyamoM ko AdhAra mAnakara apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM / prAkRtika avasthA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM matabheda hote huye bhI yaha sabhI mAnate haiM ki kisI na kisI kAraNa manuSya prAkRtika avasthA ko tyAgane ko vivaza huye aura samajhaute dvArA rAjanaitika

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( 76 ) samAja kI sthApanA kI / pANDava purANa ke anusAra isa avasthA ko tyAgane kA kAraNa samayAnusAra sAdhanoM kI kamI tathA prakRti meM parivartana honA thaa| inhIM saGkaToM ko dUra karane ke liye samaya-samaya para vizeSa vyaktiyoM kA janma huaa| ina vyaktiyoM ko 'kulakara' kahA gayA hai| inhoMne hA, mA aura dhikkAra aise zabdoM kA daNDa rUpa meM prayoga karake logoM kI Apatti dUra kii| rAjya kI utpatti kA mUla ina kulakaroM aura inake kAryoM ko hI kahA jA sakatA haiM / rAjA rAjya meM rAjA kA mahattva sarvopari hai| rAjA ke abhAva meM rAjya kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| manu ke anusAra binA rAjA ke isa loka meM bhaya se cAroM ora cala-vicala ho jAtA hai isa kAraNa sabakI rakSA ke liye Izvara ne rAjA ko utpanna kiyA / kAmandaka ke anusAra jagat kI utpatti evaM vRddhi kA ekamAtra kAraNa rAjA hI hotA hai| rAjA prajA ke netroM ko usI prakAra Ananda detA hai jisa prakAra candramA samudra ko AhlAdita karatA hai| mahAbhArata meM rAjA ko samAja kA rakSaka batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki prajA ke dharmAcaraNa kA mUla ekamAtra rAjA hotA hai| rAjA ke Dara se hI manuSya-samAja meM zAnti banI rahatI hai rAjA ke abhAva meM koI vastu nirApada nahIM raha pAtI / kRSi, vANijya Adi rAjA kI suvyavasthA para hI nirbhara hote haiM / rAjA samAja kA saJcAlaka hotA hai usake abhAva meM manuSya kA jIvana duHsAdhya ho jAtA hai / pANDava purANa meM rAjA ke mahattva ko batalAte huye kahA gayA hai ki jaisA rAjA hotA hai vaisI hI prajA hotI hai| yadi rAjA dharmAcaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai to prajA bhI dharma meM sthira rahatI hai aura yadi rAjA pApI hotA hai to prajA bhI pApI ho 1. rAjanIti vijJAna ke siddhAnta (pukharAja jaina) pR0 100-101 2. pANDava purANa, 2 / 139-142 3. vahI, 21107 4. manusmRti, 7 // 3 5. kAmandaka nItisAra, 19 6. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 68 adhyAya ;

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( 77 ) jAtI hai aura yadi rAjA samAnavRtti kA hotA hai to prajA bhI vaisI hI ho jAtI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAjA ke AcAra-vicAra tathA guNadoSoM kA prajA para sIdhA prabhAva par3atA hai / ___ jaina AgamoM meM sApekSa aura nirapekSa do prakAra ke rAjAoM kA ullekha huA hai / sApekSa rAjA apane jIvana kAla meM hI putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpa dete the jisase gRha-yuddha kI sambhAvanA na rahe / nirapekSa rAjA apane jIte jI rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI kisI ko nahIM banAte the| pANDava purANa meM prathama prakAra ke sApekSa rAjAoM kI sthiti dRSTigocara hotI hai - Adiprabhu dvArA bAhubalI kumAra ko podanapura kA rAjya tathA anya ninyAnabe putroM ko bhinna-bhinna deza kA rAjya denA, rAjA somaprabhaH dvArA apane putroM meM samasta rAjya vibhakta karanA aadi| pANDava purANa meM rAjA ke nirvAcana kA AdhAra pramukha rUpa se pitR yA vaMzAnukrama hI hai| rAjya vyavasthA rAjyazAstroM meM rAjya ko saptAGga mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra saptAtmaka rAjya kI rakSA yatnapUrvaka kI jAnI cAhiye / kauTilya ke arthazAstra ke anusAra svAmI, amAtya, janapada, durga, koSa, daNDa aura mitra ye sAta rAjya ke aGga hote haiN| jinheM prakRti kahA jAtA hai, inake abhAva meM rAjya kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| inameM sabhI kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| mahAbhArata meM sabhI kA mahattva samAna batAyA gayA hai| 1. pANDava purANa, 171260 2. vahI, 2 / 225 3. vahI, 314 4. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 69 / 64-65 5. kauTilya arthazAstra, 6.1.1 6. mahAbhArata zAntiparva, 61 / 40

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( 78 ) rAjya ke jina sAta aGgoM kI bAta manu, kAmandakara aura kauTilya Adi ne kI hai ve sabhI pANDava purANa meM pAye jAte haiM inameM svAmI athavA rAjA sarvapramukha hai / amAtya bhAratIya manISiyoM ne mantriyoM ko bahuta mahattva diyA hai / mantriyoM ke satparAmarza para hI rAjya kA vikAsa, unnati evaM sthAyitva nirbhara hai| kauTilya ne amAtya kA mahattva batAte huye likhA hai ki jisa prakAra ratha eka pahiye se nahIM cala sakatA usI prakAra rAjya ko sucAru rUpa meM calAne ke liye rAjA ko bhI saciva rUpI dUsare pahie kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zukranIti meM kahA gayA hai ki cAhe samasta vidyAoM meM kitanA hI dakSa kyoM na ho ? phira bhI use mantriyoM ke salAha ke binA kisI bhI viSaya para vicAra nahIM karanA caahiye| isI prakAra manusmRti , yAjJavalkya smRti , rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata' Adi granthoM meM amAtya pada kA mahattva varNita hai| pANDava purANa meM amAtya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / amAtya rAjA ko nItipUrNa salAha dete the isaliye inheM "yuktivizArada"10 kahA gayA hai / mantrI prAyaH rAjA ko pratyeka kArya meM salAha dete the| rAjA akampana ne putrI sulocanA ke liye yogya vara kI khoja ke liye mantriyoM se salAha kI tathA siddhArtha Adi sabhI mantriyoM kI salAha se svayamvara vidhi kA Ayojana kiyA / 1. manusmRti, 9 / 294 2. nItisAra, 4.12 | 3. arthazAstra, 6.1.1 4. vahI, 1.7.15 5 zukranIti, 2.2 6. manusmRti, 7.45 7. yAjJavalkya smRti, 1.310 8. rAmAyaNa, ayodhyA kANDa, 197.18 9. mahAbhArata sabhAparva, 5.28 10. pANDava purANa, 4 / 131 11. vahI, 3132-40

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( 79 ) I isI prakAra rAjA drupada ne tathA rAjA jvalanavaTI ne apanI-apanI putrI ke vivAha ke sambandha meM mantriyoM se salAha lI / mantrIgaNa aneka yuktiyoM se rAjA kI rakSA bhI karate the / kisI vidvAn kA amoghajihvA nAmaka Adeza dene para ki Aja se sAtaveM dina podapurAdhIza ke mastaka para vajrapAta hogA cittapura rAjA ne sabhI mantriyoM se vicAra-vimarza kiyA tathA yukti-nipuNa saba mantriyoM ne salAha karake rAjA ke putale ko siMhAsana para sthApita karake rAjA kI rakSA kI thI / yuddha kSetra meM bhI mantrI rAjA ke sAtha hote the / jarAsandha ke senApati "hiraNyanAbha" ke yuddha meM mAre jAne para mantriyoM kI salAha se jarAsandha rAjA, mecaka rAjA ko senApati niyukta karatA hai / purohita rASTra kI rakSA ke liye purohita ko niyukta karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / kauTilya ke anusAra purohita ko zAstra - pratipAdita vidyAoM se yukta, unnatazIla SaDaGgavettA, jyotiSa zAstra, zakuna zAstra tathA daNDa nItizAstra meM atyanta nipuNa aura devI tathA mAnuSI ApattiyoM ke pratikAra meM samartha honA cAhiye / yAjJavalkyasmRti ke anusAra purohita ko jyotiSa zAstra kA jJAtA, saba zAstroM meM samRddha, arthazAstra meM kuzala tathA zAnti karma meM nipuNa honA cAhiye / manu ke anusAra bhI purohita ko grahma karma tathA zAntyAdi meM nipuNa honA cAhiye / saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rASTra meM dharma-pratinidhi purohita thA / isa pada kA mahattva vaidika yuga se hI rahA hai / purohita kA artha hai- Age sthApita ( pura evaM dadhati) ' / 1. pANDava purANa 15 / 50-51 2 . vahI, 4|13 3. vahI, 4131-133 4. vahI, 19 / 66 kauTilya arthazAstra, 1 adhikAra, prakaraNa 4. adhyAya 4, pR0 24 3]] - 6. yAjJavalkya smRti, 1.3.13 7. manusmRti, 7 / 78 8. yAska - nirukta 2.12

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(80) pANDava purANa meM purohita ko 'purodhaH' kahA gayA hai vaise to purohita dhArmika satkArya karane ke liye niyukta hote the lekina rAjA duryodhana ke yahA~ eka aise purohita kA ullekha bhI AyA hai jo dhana ke lAlaca meM Akara pANDavoM ke nivAsa lAkSAgRha ko jalAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| rAjA yudhiSThira kA dharmopadeza karane vAle purohita ke rUpa meM rAjA virATa ke yahA~ eka varSa taka (gupta rUpa se) rahane kA varNana bhI AyA hai| senApati ____ rAjya ke saptAGgoM meM senApati kA sthAna bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| senA kI saphalatA yogya senApati ke adhIna hotI hai| yuddha-bhUmi meM vaha sampUrNa senA kA saJcAlana karatA hai| arthazAstra ke anusAra senApati ko senA ke cAroM aGgoM ke pratyeka kArya ko jAnanA caahiye| pratyeka prakAra ke yuddha meM sabhI prakAra ke zastra-zAstra ke saJcAlana kA parijJAna bhI use honA caahiye| hAthI-ghor3e para car3hanA aura ratha saJcAlana karane meM atyanta pravINa honA caahiye| caturaGgI senA ke pratyeka kArya kA use parijJAna honA cAhiye, yuddha meM usakA kArya apanI senA para pUrNa niyantraNa rakhane ke sAtha hI sAtha zatru kI senA ko niyantrita karanA hai| mahAbhArata meM senApati meM aneka guNoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| zukranIti meM bhI senApati ke Avazyaka guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pANDava purANa meM senApati ke mastaka para paTTa bAMdhane kA ullekha AyA hai| cakravartI jarAsandha ke dvArA madhurAjA ke mastaka para carmapaTTa bA~dhane, duryodhana dvArA azvatthAmA 1. pANDava purANa, 12 / 132-138 2. vahI, 17 / 244 3. arthazAstra adhikAra 2. prakaraNa 49-50. adhyAya 33, pR0 237 4. mahAbhArata udyoga parva 15 / 19-25 5. zukranIti, 2.422 6. pANDava purANa, 20 / 304

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( 81 ) ke mastaka para vIrapaTTa bA~dhane tathA kisI samaya bharata cakravartI dvArA jayakumAra ke mastaka para vIrapaTTa bA~dhakara senApati pada diye jAne kA varNana milatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki senApati ke pada para atyadhika vIra, sAhasI, guNI evaM yogya vyakti niyukta kiyA jAtA thA / dUta 3 dUta rAjya kA abhinna aGga hai / prAcIna samaya se hI rAjanIti meM usane mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai / mahAbhArata, manusmRti tathA hitopadeza meM dUtoM ke guNoM kA vizada varNana hai / kauTilya ne dUta ko rAjA kA gupta salAhakAra mAnA hai / dUta prakAza meM kArya karatA hai jabaki guptacara chipa kara / dUta zabda kA artha hai - sandezavAhaka, jisase spaSTa hai ki kisI vizeSa kArya ke sampAdanArtha hI dUta bheje jAte the / pANDava purANa meM dUta vyavasthA kA ullekha adhika milatA hai / rAjA andhakavRSTi kA pANDu va kuntI ke vivAhArtha vyAsa rAjA ke pAsa dUta bhejane kA ", drupada rAjA kA draupadI svayaMvara ke liye nimantraNa patrikAyeM dekara dUtoM ko bhejane cakravartI kA yAdavoM ke pAsa dUta bhejane kezava kA karNa ke pAsa dUta bhejane' Adi aneka udAharaNa pANDava purANa meM milate haiM / 6 guptacara guptacara rAjA kI A~khe haiM inhIM ke dvArA vaha rAjya kI gatividhiyoM ko dekhatA rahatA hai / prAcIna samaya se hI guptacaroM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / kauTilya ne kAryabheda se guptacaroM ke nau vibhAga kiye haiM- kApATika, udAsthita, gRhapatika, vaidaheka, tApasa, strI, tIkSNa, 1. pANDavapurANa 20 / 306 2 . vahI, 3 / 59 3. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva, 37 / 27 4. manusmRti, 7 / 63-64 5. hitopadeza vigraha, 19 1 6. pANDava purANa 8 13 7. vahI, 15/53 8. vahI, 19 / 39

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( 82 ) 9 rasada evaM bhikSu / manusmRti, yAjJavalkyasmRti, tathA mahAbhArata meM bhI inakA mahattva pratipAdita hai / pANDava purANa meM jarAsandha ke gupta puruSoM dvArA dvArikA meM raha rahe pANDavoM kI khoja karAne kA ullekha milatA hai"| rASTra- rakSA durga, prAkAra evaM parikhA 3 zatruoM ke AkramaNa se nagara evaM rAjA kI rakSA ke liye prAkAra evaM durga kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| nagara kI surakSA kI dRSTi se usake cAroM ora eka U~cI sudRr3ha dIvAra banAyI jAtI thI jise prAkAra kahA jAtA thA / pANDava purANa meM atyadhika U~ce prAkAra banAne kA ullekha AyA hai / hastinApura nagara ke prAkAra ke zikharoM para tArAoM kA samUha jar3e huye motiyoM ke samAna suzobhita ho rahA thA / isa varNana se hI isa prAkAra kI U~cAI kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / nagara kI surakSA ke liye unake cAroM ora parikhA yA khAIM khodI jAtI thI / hastinApura nagara kI khAIM zeSanAga ke dvArA chor3I huI viSa pUrNa, maNiyukta aura bhaya dikhAne vAlI mAnoM kAJcana hI pratIta hotI thI / eka anya sthAna para campApurI nagara kI khAIM kI tulanA pAtAla kI gaharAI se kI gayI hai / zatru ke AkramaNa ke samaya nagaradvAra ko banda karane kA varNana bhI AyA hai / pANDava purANa meM durga kA ullekha kahI nahIM AyA hai / pataJjali ke anusAra durga banAne ke liye 1. arthazAstra 1 / 10 2. manusmRti, 7 / 66 3. yAjJavalkya smRti, 1.327 4. mahAbhArata 6.36.7.13 5. pANDava purANa, 19 / 26 6. vahI, 20185 7. vahI, 2 / 186 8. vahI, 7 / 270 9. vahI, 21 / 130 "

Page #85
(83) aisI bhUmi Dhar3hI jAtI thI, jisameM parikhA bana sake / kyoMki pANDava purANa meM parikhA kA varNana milatA hai isase spaSTa hai ki durga bhI avazya rahe hoMge / unakA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| senA kisI bhI rAjya ke AdhAra koSa evaM senA mAne gaye haiN| rAjA kI zakti sainyabala se hI prabhAvazAlI bana pAtI hai| prAcIna kAla se hI rAjazAstra-praNetAoM ne bala kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai / kauTilya ke anusAra rAjA ko do prakAra ke kopoM se bhaya rahatA hai pahalA-Antarika kopa, jo amAtyoM ke kopa se utpanna hotA hai, dUsarA bAhya kopa, jo rAjAoM ke AkramaNa kA hai| ina donoM kopoM se rakSA sainyabala se hI ho sakatI hai| pANDava purANa meM caturaGgiNI senA (bala) kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para AtA hai| caturaGga bala ke antargata hastisenA, azva-senA, ratha-senA tathA padAti-senA AtI hai| rAjA zreNika mahAvIra prabhu ke darzanArtha vaibhAra parvata para caturaGga senA ke sAtha pahu~cate haiM / isI prakAra rAjA pANDu vana krIr3A ke liye caturaGga senA ke sAtha vana meM prasthAna karate haiM / yuddha-kSetra meM to zatru rAjAoM se yuddha karate samaya caturaGgiNI senA kA prayoga hotA thA lekina sulocanA ke svayambara meM jayakumAra ke varaNa karane para arkakIrti kumAra tathA jayakumAra ke bIca huye yuddha meM bhI caturaGga senA kA ullekha AyA hai / isI prakAra draupadI svayamvara ke samaya pANDava-kauravoM ke bIca haye yuddha meM caturaGga senA kA varNana AyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAjA loga hara samaya yuddha ke lie taiyAra rahate the tathA senA hamezA susajjita evaM tatpara hotI thii| 1. pataJjalikAlIna bhArata, pR0 381 2. pANDava purANa, 1 / 105 3. vahI, 9 / 2-6 4. vahI, 381-84 5. vahI, 15 / 130.131

Page #86
caturaMga senA ke tathA akSauhiNI senA yuddha-praNAlI ( 84 ) atirikta pANDava purANa meM vidyAdhara senA' kA ullekha bhI AyA hai / pANDava purANa meM prApta yuddha sambandhI varNana prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI dharmayuddha kI paramparA ke haiM / pANDava purANa ke yuddha varNanoM se spaSTa hai ki prAyaH rAtri meM yuddha roka diyA jAtA thA lekina bIsaveM parva meM eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai ki yoddhAgaNa rAtri meM aura dina meM hamezA lar3ate rahate the aura jaba unheM nidrA AtI thI taba ve raNa-bhUmi meM hI idhara-udhara lur3hakate the aura so jAte the phira uThakara lar3ate the aura marate the / yuddha ke samaya ucita-anucita, mAna-maryAdA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / yuddha bhUmi meM droNAcArya ke upasthita hone para arjuna ziSya kA guru ke sAtha yuddha karanA anucita batalAte haiM tathA maryAdA kA pAlana karate huye, guru ke kahane para bhI ve guru se pahalA bANa chor3ane ko kahate haiM / pitAmaha bhISmAcArya ke yuddha bhUmi meM pRthvI para gira par3ane para donoM pakSoM ke sabhI rAjA raNa chor3akara AcArya ke pAsa A jAte haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki bar3oM kA mAna-sammAna yuddha bhUmi meM bhI kiyA jAtA thA / pANDava purANa ke yuddha varNanoM meM prAyaH aneka prakAra ke divyAstroMke prayoga kA ullekha AyA hai / udAharaNArthaM - zAsana devatA se prApta nAgabANa, uttama daivI gadA, jalabANa, sthalabANa tathA nabhazcara bANa' / vidyA ke bala se bhI yuddha kiyA jAtA thA / isa sandarbha meM 9 1. pANDava purANa 3 / 104 2. vahI, 18 170, 19 / 45, 19 / 96. 3. vahI, 20138, 19/196 4. vahI, 20 / 241 5. vahI, 18 / 131-134 6. vahI, 19 / 251 7. vahI, 20 / 176 8. vahI, 20 / 133 9. vahI, 20 / 283

Page #87
( 85 ) mAhezvarI vidyA', bahurUpiNI, staMbhinI, cakriNI, zUlA, mohinI, bhrAmarI Adi kA ullekha yuddha varNanoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ pANDava purANa meM yuddha varNanoM kA bAhulya hai| kavi ke yuddha varNana kA kauzala advitIya hai| yuddha varNanoM ke paThana athavA zravaNa mAtra se hI yuddha kI bhISaNatA kA dRzya A~khoM ke sAmane upasthita ho jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha-arjuna ke dvArA girAye huye bhagna rathoM se mArga ruka gayA tathA jinakI zuNDAyeM TUTa gayI haiM aura jo duHkha se ciMghADa rahe haiM aise hAthiyoM se mArga vyApta huaa| raNabhUmi meM mastaka rahita zarIra nRtya karane lage tathA unake mastakoM dvArA bhUmi lAla ho gyii| agAdha samudra meM tairane ke liye asamartha manuSya jaise usameM kahIM bhI sthira nahIM hote vaise hI yoddhAoM ke rakta ke pravAha meM tairane vAle mAnava kahIM bhI nahIM Thahara ske| yuddha ke prArambha meM raNa sUcaka vAdya bajAye jAte the inameM raNabherI, pAJcajanya zaMkha", devadatta zaMkha, dundubhi , Adi kA ullekha AyA hai| sainya meM haye zakUna tathA apazakuna para bhI vicAra karane kA ullekha pANDava purANa meM AyA hai| magadhapati jarAsandha ke sainya meM anekoM dunimitta huye jo ki jaya ke abhAva ko sUcita karate the taba duryodhana ne apane kuzala mantrI ko bulAkara ina saba dunimitta ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA thaa| nyAya tathA daNDa vyavasthA nyAya tathA daNDa vyavasthA ke bAre meM pANDava purANa meM vizeSa ullekha nahI AyA hai eka sthAna para kevala itanA kahA gayA hai ki 1. pANDava purANa, 201308 2. vahI, 201330 3. vahI, 20 / 111-113 4. vahI, 3181, 19 / 32 5. vahI, 1977, 20 / 164 6. vahI, 21 / 127 7. vahI, 15 / 129 8. vahI, 19 / 82-85

Page #88
( 86 ) zrIvarmA rAjA ne apane cAra brAhmaNa mantriyoM ko, jo ki akampanAcArya ke saMgha ko tathA zrutasAgara muni ko mArane ke liye udyata huye the, gadhe para baiThA kara tathA usake mastakoM ko mur3avAkara daNDa svarUpa unheM nagara se bAhara nikAla diyA thA / isake atirikta kahIM para bhI nyAya ka daNDa vidhAna kA koI bhI ullekha nahIM AyA hai / 1. pANDava purANa, 7 / 49-50 21, paTela nagara, mujaphpharanagara, pina0 251001, ( u0 pra0)

Page #89
iSukArIya adhyayana ( uttarAdhyayana ) evaM zAntipava(mahAbhArata) kA pitA-putra saMvAda DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha * uttarAdhyayana, jainAgama sAhitya kA eka ati mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| dvAdazAMgoM meM na hote hue bhI apanI prAcInatA,viSaya-vastu evaM kathAnaka ke dRSTikoNa se unase kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana kA vahI mahattva hai jo vaidika paramparA meM gItA tathA bauddha paramparA meM dhammapada kA hai| isameM nihita AdhyAtmika upadezoM kI zailI sarala evaM subodha hai evaM inameM sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai / isameM saMkalita upadeza zreSTha mAnavIya guNoM se yukta haiM / saMnyAsa mArga ke abhilASI sAdhaka meM kina-kina guNoM/vicAroM kA honA Avazyaka hai, isakA saMkSipta para sampUrNa varNana uttarAdhyayana meM nihita hai| ____ isameM kula 36 adhyayana haiN| isakA 14vA~ adhyayana "iSukArIya" nAma se prasiddha hai| iSukAra eka nagara evaM vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma hai| yaha nAma kAlpanika pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isakI yathArthatA kA koI sAkSya hameM prApta nahIM ho sakA hai| parantu isakA kathAnaka hamAre lie mahattvapUrNa hai aura hamAre vicAra kA kendra iSukArIya adhyayana meM varNita vairAgya-tatpara putroM kA apane pitA ke sAtha samvAda hai| isameM putra to saMnyAsa grahaNa karanA cAhate haiM kintu pitA unheM sAMsArika kAryoM ko pUrNa karane ke pazcAt hI aisA karane kA upadeza dete haiM / sAmAnyataH saMnyAsamArgI paramparA ke granthoM meM aise kathAnakoM kA honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai kyoMki dRSTAntoM dvArA hI apane mata kI puSTi kI jAtI hai| Azcarya taba hotA hai jaba eka hI kathAnaka do bhinnamArgI paramparA ke granthoM meM prApta ho / uttarAdhyayana kA kathAnaka ThIka isI prakAra mahAbhArata ke zAnti parva ke 277veM adhyAya meM hai|

Page #90
(88) tatsambaddha zAnti parva evaM iSukarIya adhyayana ke vivaraNoM meM na kevala bhAvoM meM apitu bhASA taka meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| kucha zloka to, yadi unakA chAyAnuvAda kara deM, pUrNatayA samAna pratIta hote haiN| saMnyAsAbhilASI putra ko mahAbhArata meM "mokSadharmavicakSaNa'1 arthAt mokSadharma ke jJAna meM kuzala kahA gayA hai / putroM ke lie prayukta vizeSaNa mahAbhArata evaM uttarAdhyayana meM lagabhaga samAna haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM putroM ko kAma-bhogoM se anAsakta, mokSAbhilASI evaM zraddhA sampanna kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra pitA ke guNoM kA varNana bhI donoM granthoM meM samAna hI huA hai| mahAbhArata meM pitA ko svAdhyAyaparAyaNa parantu mokSa dharma meM akuzala kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM pitA ko yajJa-yAgAdi karma meM saMlagna brAhmaNa tathA purohita kahA gayA hai / usakA yajJa-yAgAdi karmoM meM niSNAta honA sthAna-sthAna para vaidika karma-kANDoM kA udAharaNa dete hue nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| donoM granthoM ke uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNa pitA karmakANDa kA prakANDa paNDita hote hue bhI mokSa mArga se aparicita hai / putroM dvArA saMnyAsa-dhAraNa karane ke lie AjJA mAMgane para pitA ke pratyuttara ke prasaMga vicAraNIya haiN| mahAbhArata meM manuSyoM kI Ayu ke tIvra gati se kSINa hote jAne kA dRSTAnta dekara pitA se putra ucita dharma ke pAlana kA mArga pUchatA haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI putra 1 mahAbhArata, zAnti parva, 277 / 3 (prakA0-gItA presa, gorakhapura) 2. te kAmabhogesu asajjamANA, mANussaesu je yAvi divvA mokkhAbhikaMkhI abhijAyasaDDhA" -uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 6 (sa0-sAdhvI candanA, vIrAyatana prakAzana, __ AgarA, 1972). 3. "svAdhyAyakaraNe rataM mokSadharmeSvakuzalaM" ---zAntiparva, 277 / 4. 4. "mAhaNassa sakammasIlassa purohiyassa" -uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 5. 5. zAnti parva, 277 / 5

Page #91
( 89 ) jIvana kI kSaNikatA ke viSaya meM pitA se vArtAlApa karatA hai tathA muni dharma aMgIkAra karane ke lie unase anumati mAMgatA hai| isa sandarbha meM pitA kA uttara usake karmakANDI paNDita hone kA spaSTa pramANa hai yaha sandarbha donoM granthoM meM samAna rUpa se prApta hai / mahAbhArata ke anusAra pitA putra ko sarvaprathama brahmacaryAzrama meM praveza karane, vedAdhyayana karane, taduparAnta gRhasthAzrama meM praveza kara putrotpAdana karane phira vAnaprasthAzrama meM praveza aura anta meM muni ( saMnyAsI ) banane kA upadeza detA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI mahAbhArata ke sadRza pitA putroM ko sarvaprathama vedoM kA adhyayana kara kAmabhogoM kA sukha bhogane aura anta meM apane putroM ko ghara kA dAyitva sauMpakara saMnyAsI banane kA upadeza detA hai| yaha upadeza sunakara putra unako mRtyu kI yathArthatA samajhAte haiM ki mRtyu kisI ke kahane se eka kSaNa bhI nahIM ruka sakatI ataH kalyANa sAdhana meM rata puruSa ko eka kSaNa kA bhI vilamba nahIM karanA caahie| jisa kArya ko kala karanA ho, use Aja hI kara lenA cAhie kyoMki mRtyu kArya ke pUrNa hone kI pratIkSA nahIM karatI5 / mahAbhArata kA yaha bhAva uttarAdhyayana meM yathAvata vidyamAna hai, isameM bhI loka ko mRtyu se Ahata batAyA gayA hai| donoM granthoM meM bhAvoM kI hI nahIM apitu bhASA kI bhI samatA darzanIya hai| abbhAhya mi logaMmi savvao parivArie / amohAhiM paDantIhiM gihaMsi na raiM labhe // uttarA0 14/21 1. uttarAdhyayana, 1417 2. adhItya vedAn brahmacaryeSu putra putrAnicchet pAvanAya pitRNAm / agnInAdhAya vidhivacceSTayajJo ___ banaM pravizyAtha munirbubhUSet // -zAntiparva, 27716 3. ahijja vee parivissa vippe, putte paDiTThappa gihaMsi jAyA / bhoccANa bhoe saha iMtthiyAhiM, AraNagA hoha muNI pasatthA / -uttaradhyayana, 14 / 9. 4. zAnti parva, 277 / 10 5. vahI, 277 / 13..

Page #92
evamabhyAhate loke sarvataH parivArite / amoghAsu patantISu kiM dhIra iva bhASase / / -- zAnti parva, 277/7, (kha) keNa abbhAhao logo ? keNa vA parivArio ? kA vA amohA vuttA? jAyA ! ciMtAvaro humi -uttarA0 14 / 22 kathamabhyAhato loka: kena vA parivAritaH / amoghAH kAH patantIha kiM nu bhISayasIva mAma / / -zAnti parva, 27718 (ga) maccuNADabbhAhao logo jarAe privaario| amohA rayaNI vuttA evaM tAya ! viyANaha / / -uttarA0 14 / 23 mRtyunAbhyAhato loko jarayA parivAritaH / ahorAtrAH patantI me tacca kasmAnna buddhayase / / -zAnti parva, 277 / 9. anta meM putra saMnyAsa mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra apanA antima nirNaya sunAte hue putra kahatA hai ki vaha kAma aura krodha ko tyAgakara ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karegA tathA amara kI bhA~ti mRtyu ko dUra haTA degA' / isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM bhI putra rAga ko dUra kara zraddhA yukta muni dharma svIkAra karane kA apanA nirNaya sunAtA hai tAki use punaH isa saMsAra meM janma na lenA par3e arthAt vaha amara ho jAya / / pitA bhI putra ke tarkoM se sahamata ho unakA anusaraNa karate hue saMnyAsa mArga kA pathika bana jAtA hai| isakI sUcanA hameM mahAbhArata evaM uttarAdhyayana donoM se hotI hai| hamane dekhA ki uttarAdhyayana evaM zAnti parva ke ina donoM adhyayanoM meM kitanI adhika samAnatA hai| yahI nahIM, ina donoM granthoM meM ukta adhyayanoM ke uttaravartI adhyayanoM meM bhI adbhuta samAnatA dikhAI detI hai| zAnti parva ke 278veM adhyayana meM muni ( saMnyAsI) ke 1. zAnti parva, 277 / 30 2. uttarAdhyayana, 14/28 3. vahI, 14 // 37; zAntiparva, 277 / 39.

Page #93
( 91 ) svabhAva, AcaraNa evaM kartavyoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana kA 15vA~ adhyayana sabhikkhuyaM-bhikSu ke AcaraNa evaM kartavyoM se sambandhita hai / donoM meM samAna rUpa se nirdiSTa hai ki muni yA saMnyAsI kauna ho sakatA hai ? usake kyA kartavya haiN| muni-saMnyAsI lAbha aura hAni meM samAna bhAva se sthira rahatA hai tathA bhogoM ke upalabdha rahane para bhI vaha unameM lipta nahIM hotaa| saccA saMnyAsI vahI hai jo dUsaroM ke doSoM kI pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se kahIM carcA nahIM karatA' / muni niHspRha tathA samadarzI hotA hai; jIvananirvAha ke lie jo kucha bhI prApta ho jAya, usI meM santoSa karatA hai,. vaha mitAhArI aura jitendriya hotA hai / jo sAdhAraNa lAbha kI icchA nahIM karatA, anna kA doSa yA guNa batAkara usakI nindA yA prazaMsA nahIM karatA, jo kisI upasarga se vyathita nahIM hotA tathA ajJAtabhAva se rahakara Atmacintana karatA hai-use hI saccA bhikSu yA saMnyAsI kahA gayA hai| bhikSAvRtti jaina bhikSa ke lie anivArya hai| jaina granthoM meM bhikSA kaba, kyoM aura kaise grahaNa karanI cAhie-isakA vistAra se ullekha prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana evaM jaina paramparA ke anya granthoM meM dina ke tIsare prahara meM bhikSu ko bhikSA mAMgane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| zAnti parva meM bhikSA mA~gane kA jo samaya batAyA gayA hai vaha jaina paramparA ke pUrNataH anukUla hai| zAnti parva meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaba rasoIghara se dhuMA nikalanA banda ho jAya, anAja Adi kUTane ke lie mUsala alaga rakha diyA jAya, cUlhe kI Aga ThaNDI par3a jAya, ghara ke loga bhojana kara cuke hoM, bartanoM kA saMcAra arthAt bartanoM kA idhara-udhara le jAyA jAnA banda ho |jaay, usa samaya saMnyAsI/muni ko bhikSA mAMganI caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke iSukArIya evaM zAnti parva ke pitA-putra samvAda evaM inake bAda ke adhyayanoM meM kitanI adhika 1. zAntiparva, 278 / 34; uttarAdhyayana, 15 / 2 2. vahI, 278 / 16; vahI, 15 / 16 3. vahI, 278 / 10-13; vahI, 15 / 4,5,12 4. vidhame nyastamusale vyaGgAre bhuktavajjane / atItapAtrasaMcAre zikSAM lipseta vai muniH // -zAntiparva, 277 / 9..

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( 92 ) samAnatA hai| yaha samAnatA do bhinna mArgI paramparA ke granthoM meM prApta hotI hai jo sAmAnya pAThaka ko Azcarya meM DAla detI hai| samAnatA se yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki kisa paramparA ne kisase liyaa| parantu spaSTa pramANa ke abhAva meM aisA samucita uttara sambhava nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para hama eka ko pUrvavartI evaM dUsare ko uttaravartI siddha kara skeN| jahA~ taka mahAbhArata kA prazna hai, isakA kathAnaka to avazya hI prAcIna hai, parantu isakA likhita rUpa evaM saMpAdana kArya bAda kA hai| itihAsakAroM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki isakA antima sampAdana prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva yA usake Asa-pAsa kI ghaTanA hai| yahI bAta uttarAdhyayana ke viSaya meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayana jaina paramparA meM aMgoM ke bAda AtA hai parantu isake kucha kathAnaka aMgoM ke samAna hI prAcIna haiN| jahA~ taka isake antima sampAdana kA prazna hai, vaha bhI prathama zatAbdI IsvI ke lagabhaga hI hai / mere vicAra se yaha kathAnaka mahAbhArata evaM uttarAdhyayana donoM se prAcIna hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki donoM ne eka hI mUla srota se grahaNa kiyaa| donoM kathAnakoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai aura jaisA hamane dekhA donoM meM bhAvoM kI hI nahIM apitu bhASA kI bhI samAnatA hai| mahAbhArata meM isa kathAnaka ko "purAtanam" kahA gayA hai|' yahI bAta uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahI gaI hai| yahA~ isa kathAnaka ke lie "pure purANe usuyAranAme" kahA gayA hai / spaSTataH donoM paramparAe~ yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki yaha kathAnaka kisI prAcIna srota se liyA gayA hai| donoM hI kathAnakoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ye sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se mukta haiM / mahAbhArata kA upadeza kisI bhI jaina muni ke lie pAlanIya ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra sacce bhikSu kA jo varNana uttarAdhyayana meM hai, vaha kisI bhI vaidika paramparA ke saMnyAsI ke lie *pAlanIya hai| pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa esa0 bI0 DigrI kAleja, sikandarapura, baliyA 1. vahI, 2772. 2. uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 1.

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jaina bhASAdarzana kI samasyAyeM (zodha-prabaMdhasAra) -zrImatI arcanArAnI pADeNya bhASA-darzana samakAlIna dArzanika cintana kI eka mahattvapUrNa vidhA hai| Aja kA dArzanika cintana bahuta kucha bhASA darzana kI samasyAoM se jur3A huA hai| sAmAnyatayA Aja ke pAzcAtya dArzanika darzana ke kSetra meM ise apanA maulika avadAna mAnate haiN| kintu bhASAdarzana sambandhI yaha cintana bhArata meM Aja se 2000 varSa pUrva bhI upasthita thaa| bhAratIya darzana kA vaiyAkaraNa sampradAya aura kisI sImA taka mImAMsaka sampradAya bhI, bhASA aura zabda sambandhI vividha samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM prAcIna kAla se hI prayatnazIla thaa| unake cintana kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki vAkyapadIya jaise bhASA darzana ke praur3ha grantha astitva meM Aye / na kevala naiyAkaraNa aura mImAMsaka bhASA darzana kI samasyAoM se jUjha rahe the, apitu bauddha aura jaina vicAraka bhI apane DhaMga se ina samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM lage the| vaiyAkaraNoM ke sphoTavAda ke sthAna para bauddhoM ne apohavAda kI sthApanA karake bhASA sambandhI dArzanika cintana ko eka naI dizA dI thii| * isa kSetra meM jaina dArzanika bhI pIche nahIM the| prAcIna jaina Agama "prajJApanA sUtra" meM bhASA kI utpatti kaise hotI hai ? usakI vyApakatA kyA hai ? bhASAyI kathanoM kA satyatA se kyA sambandha hai ? satyatA aura asatyatA kI dRSTi se bhASA kitane prakAra kI ho sakatI hai, isakI vistAra se carcA upalabdha hotI hai| paravartI jaina dArzanikoM ne sphoTavAda: apohavAda, abhihitAnvayavAda, anvitAbhidhAnavAda, zabda kI nityatA kA prazna, zabda aura artha kA sambandha Adi bhASA darzana kI samasyAoM ko lekara gahana cintana kiyA hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra tathA tattvArtha kI aneka TIkAoM meM ina sabhI praznoM para vicAra sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| satrahavIM zatAbdI meM yazovijaya ne bhASArahasya

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( 94 ) nAmaka grantha likhakara bhASA darzana sambandhI praznoM para jaina paramparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa avadAna prastuta kiyA thA / naitika, dhArmika, upadeza AdezAtmaka kathana Adi satya aura asatya kI koTi se pare haiM / isa tathya kA udghoSa pAzcAtya dArza'nika bar3e garva se karate haiM aura ise apanI maulika khoja mAnate haiM / kintu Aja se lagabhaga 2000 varSa pUrva jaina cintakoM ne prajJApanA Adi aneka prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM bhASA kI satyatA ke cAra prArUpoM kA nizcaya kara yaha batA diyA thA ki kucha bhASAyI kathana aise bhI hote haiM jo satya aura asatya kI koTi se pare hote haiM / usameM unhoMne amma ntraNI, nimantraNI, upadezAtmaka, AdezAtmaka Adi 12 prakAra ke bhASA ke kathanoM ko satya aura asatya kI koTi se pare batAyA thA / jina tathyoM ko hamAre samakAlIna dArzanika apane maulika cintana ke nAma para prastuta karate haiM, ve tathya Aja se lagabhaga 2000 varSa pUrva carcita ho cuke the / kintu durbhAgya hai ki hamAre dArzanika isase aparicita haiM / bhArata meM bhASA darzana kI paramparA kitanI mahAna aura gambhIra hai, yaha - batAne kI dRSTi se hI maiMne prastuta zodha prabandha kA praNayana kiyA, kyoMki, isa dizA meM abhI taka mahattvapUrNa prayatnoM kA abhAva hI thA / yadyapi pro0 gaurInAtha zAstrI aura pro0 rAmacandra pANDeya ne sarva prathama bhAratIya bhASA cintana para apane grantha likhe haiM, kintu ina donoM granthoM meM jaina dArzanikoM ke bhASA darzana ke kSetra meM diye gaye avadAna kI upekSA hI rahI evaM usake sAtha koI nyAya nahIM ho sakA / yadyapi jaina bhASA darzana para sarvaprathama pATaNa meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne apane tIna vyAkhyAna diye the aura ve vyAkhyAna saMzodhita aura parivardhita hokara eka laghukAya pustaka ke rUpa meM prakAzita bhI huye kintu vaha eka prArambhika prayatna hI thA / unhIM kI preraNA aura mArgadarzana ko lekara maiMne prastuta zodha nibandha kA praNayana kiyA hai / prastuta zodha nibandha cha: adhyAoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama adhyAya meM hamane mAnava vyavahAra meM bhASA kA sthAna evaM mahattva, bhAratIya cintana meM bhASA - darzana kA vikAsa aura bhAratIya bhASA darzana kI pramukha samasyAoM kI carcA kI hai| isI prasaMga meM vaiyAkaraNa, naiyAyika, mImAMsaka aura bauddhoM ke dRSTikoNoM ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tathA

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( 95 ) yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaina bhASA darzana kI pramukha samasyA kyA hai ? aura jainoM kA bhASA darzana ke kSetra meM viziSTa avadAna kyA hai ? isa adhyayanameM hameM jainAcAryoM kI jo vizeSatA dekhane ko milI vaha yaha ki unhoMne bhASA darzana ke kSetra meM paraspara virodhI matoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura yaha vizeSatA mukhya rUpa se unakI anekAntika dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai / dUsare adhyAya meM bhASA aura lipi ke vikAsa ke sambandha meM carcA kI gayI hai / isa sambandha meM bhASA kI utpatti ko lekara pUrva aura pazcima ke aneka matoM kI samIkSA karate hue anta meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jainoM kA mata kyA hai ? vaha kitanA vaijJAnika hai ? bhASA kI utpatti ke prazna ke sAtha-sAtha lipi ke vikAsa para bhI carcA kI gayI hai aura isa sandarbha meM jaina Agama sAhitya meM kyA nirdeza hai, use bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isake sAtha hI isa adhyAya meM zabda kA svarUpa, zabda ke prakAra tathA zabda ke vAcyArtha tathA vAcyArtha bodha evaM jJAna prakriyA kI carcA bhI hamane kI hai / isa sandarbha meM jainoM kA viziSTa avadAna yaha hai ki zabda ko varNAtmaka na mAnakara dhvanyAtmaka mAnA aura isa AdhAra para zabda ko AkAza kA guNa na batAkara pudgala kI paryAya batAyA / zabda paudgalika hai yaha jainoM kI apanI viziSTa avadhAraNA hai / isI adhyAya meM hamane isa tathya ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zabda ke zravaNa se vAcyArtha kA jJAna kisa prakAra hotA hai| prastuta prabandha kA tIsarA adhyAya zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko lekara hai / jJAtavya hai ki zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko lekara mImAMsaka tathA bauddhoM kA dRSTikoNa alaga hai / jahA~ mImAMsaka zabda aura artha ke bIca nitya sambandha svIkAra karate haiM vahA~ bauddha ina donoM ke madhya sambandha hI nahIM mAnate haiM / jainoM kA dRSTikoNa isa sambandha meM samanvayAtmaka hai / jainoM ke anusAra zabda aura artha ke madhya tAdAtmya sambandha to nahIM hai, parantu vAcya vAcaka sambandha avazya hai / agni zabda ko sunakara jalana kI anubhUti to nahIM hotI, parantu agni nAmaka padArtha kA bodha avazya hotA hai / isa sambandha meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi zabda aura artha meM koI sambandha hI nahIM mAneMge, taba bhASA

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vyavahAra asambhava ho jaayegaa| isa adhyAya meM hamane isa sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA hai ki zabda kA vAcya jAti hai yA vyakti ? jahA~ mImAMsaka zabda kA vAcya jAti mAnate haiM vahA~ bauddha zabda kA vAcya vyakti ko mAnate haiN| yadyapi naiyAyikoM ne ina donoM virodhI matoM kA samanvaya karake jAti viziSTa vyakti mata ko svIkAra kiyA thA kintu jaina dArzanika unase bhI eka kadama Age bar3hakara yaha kahate haiM ki jAti se vyatirikta vyakti aura vyakti se vyatirikta jAti kI sattA hI nahIM hai| ataH zabda kA vAcya vaha samanvita sattA hai jisameM jAti aura vyakti donoM anusyUta haiN| caturtha adhyAya meM hamane mukhya rUpa se bhASA kI vAcyatA-sAmarthya para vicAra kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM hamane bhASAyI abhivyakti ke prArUpoM tathA kathana kI sApekSatA para vicAra kiyA hai aura yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra bhASA meM sImita vAcyatA sAmarthya hai| padArtha AMzika rUpa se hI vAcya banatA hai| ata: jaina dArzanika vastu tattva ko AMzika rUpa se vAcya aura samagra rUpa se avAcya mAnate haiM / prastuta zodha-prabandha kA pAMcavA~ adhyAya bhASAyI kathanoM kI satyatA aura asatyatA se sambandhita hai| isa sambandha meM hamane jaina AgamoM meM ullikhita satya bhASA, asatya bhASA, satyAsatya, asatya-asatya bhASA evaM unake vividha prakAroM kI carcA kI hai aura isa sambandha meM jainoM ke dRSTikoNa kI Adhunika bhASA vizleSaNa ke siddhAnta se tulanA bhI kI hai| zodha-nibaMdha kA antima adhyAya upasaMhAra rUpa hai| anta meM hama yaha kahanA cAheMge ki jaina dArzanikoM ne na kevala bhAratIya darzana meM prastuta bhASA sambandhI virodhI matavAdoM meM samanvaya sthApita kiyA apitu unhoMne arthabodha kI spaSTatA ke lie naya-nikSepa, syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI jaise viziSTa siddhAntoM ko bhI upasthita kiyA aura isa prakAra bhASA darzana ke kSetra meM unakA avadAna mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| prastuta zodha-nibandha meM maiMne apanI sAmarthya ke anurUpa jaina bhASAdarzana ke prastutIkaraNa kA eka prayAsa to avazya kiyA hai yadyapi maiM yaha jAnatI hU~ ki isa dizA meM bahuta kucha karane ko zeSa hai / zodha chAtrA pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 darzana vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0 meM pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi hetu prastuta

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zodha prabandhasAra upadezamAlA (dharmadAsagaNi) : eka samIkSA - dInAnAtha zarmA upadezamAlA jaina aupadezika sAhityavidhA kA prAcInatama ( lagabhaga 1500 varSa purAnA ) aura eka zreSTha prAkRta grantha hai / isameM caturvidha saMgha ke AcAra se sambandhita upadeza saMgRhIta haiN| isa graMtha meM eka viziSTa zailI kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai jise bAda meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne apanAyA aura isa prakAra ke kaI graMtha likhe gye| yahA~ para sarala padyoM meM vividha aupadezika viSayoM ko lekara upadeza dene ke sAtha-sAtha usa viSaya ke dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM jaina purANoM meM prasiddha kathAoM kI eka mAlA-sI guMthI gaI hai| ye dRSTAnta usa lekhaka ke samaya taka pracalita ho gaye the / nitya svAdhyAya karane vAle aura vyAkhyAna karane vAle sAdhuoM ko bhI isake padyoM ko kaNThastha karanA sahaja thaa| isake paThana se pATha karane vAle aura sunane vAle ke sAmane ina dRSTAntoM kI kathAe~ tAdRza ho jAtI thiiN| isalie yaha sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM donoM ke liye atyanta upayogI siddha huA aura isakA pracalana bhI bahuta bddh'aa| __ upadezamAlA ke AdhAra para 24 aupadezika grantha likhe gaye, isa graMtha kI 32 bRhad aura laghu TIkAyeM bhI likhI gayI haiN| isake ATha vibhinna saMskaraNa aba taka prakAzita ho cuke haiM, jinameM upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA nAmaka prasiddha mahAkathA ke racayitA mahAn jainAcArya siddharSi kI heyopAdeyA TIkA, usakA gujarAtI anuvAda, ratnaprabhasUri kI doghaTTI TIkA usakA gujarAtI anuvAda aura rAmavijaya kI TIkA tathA usakA hindI anuvAda sammilita haiN| __ina sabhI saMskaraNoM ko dekhane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mUla pATha meM kahIM-kahIM para vyAkaraNa kI, chanda kI yA donoM kI truTiyA~ haiM /

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( 98 ) isaliye upadezamAlA ke samIkSAtmaka sampAdana kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| upadezamAlA kI aneka pratiyA~ jaina bhaNDAroM meM milatI haiM unameM se purAnI evaM adhika zuddha hastapratoM meM se isa samIkSAtmaka sampAdana ke liye sAta tADapatrIya hastaprata evaM eka kAgaja kI hastaprata ko cunA gayA hai| isameM eka jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI (vi0saM0 1192 ), tIna khambhAta ke bhaNDAra kI (1-12vIM sadI uttarArddha, 2-vi0saM0 1290, 3-vi0saM0 1308), do pATaNa kI ( eka vi0saM0 1326 aura dUsarI ajJAta saMvat ) aura do pUnA ( eka tAr3apatra kI aura eka kAgaja kI, samaya-ajJAta ) kI haiN| sampAdana meM maulikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| pAThAntaroM ko nIce phuTanoTa meM de diyA gayA hai| jo pATha truTita haiM unako "kSata" se darzAyA gayA hai / chanda meM jahA~ pratoM meM hrasva-dIrgha kA koI saMketa nahIM milatA vahA~ AvazyakatAnusAra saMketa cihna lagA diye gaye haiM, yathA bahuyAI = bahuyAiM gAthA naM0 (4) yahA~ para-iM dIrgha mAtrA para hrasva kA saMketa lagAkara-I kara diyA gayA hai| . vaise to upadezamAlA meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna hastapratoM evaM saMskaraNoM meM 541 se 544 taka milatI hai lekina viSayavastu kI dRSTi se 539 gAthAeM hI upayukta ThaharatI haiM aura 540vIM gAthA upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM hai| isa prakAra kula 540 gAthAe~ haiM aura bAda kI anya gAthAeM upadezamAlA kI prazasti ke rUpa meM haiN| isa zodha-prabandha meM jo bhASA viSayaka adhyayana hai usameM upadezamAlA kA bhASA-zAstrIya adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisameM dhvaniparivartana aura rUpa-racanAviSayaka vivecana hai| dhvani-parivartana kI dRSTi se madhyavartI alpaprANa aura mahAprANa vyaMjanoM meM se 21.6% yathAvat hai, 166% ghoSa hai, 61.6% kA lopa huA hai ( mahAprANa "ha" meM parivartita ) aura 0.2% meM dvitva huA hai| ghoSa honevAle vyaMjanoM meM kevala "ka" aura "pa" kA samAveza hotA hai| upadezamAlA ke prakAzita anya saMskaraNoM meM madhyavartI alpaprANa vyaMjana ke lupta hone para avaziSTa a yA A svara kI "ya" zruti taba hotI hai jaba usake pUrva meM a yA A svara ho jaba ki upalabdha pratiyoM

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ke anusAra "a" yA "A" ke sivAya anya svaroM ke bhI pazcAt avaziSTa 'a' "A" kI "ya" zruti milatI hai / ataH pratiyoM ke anusAra hI "ya" zruti apanAI gaI hai| rUparacanA kI dRSTi se puliMga prathamA ekavacana ke liye prAyaH-o vibhakti kA hI prayoga huA hai| zeSa vibhaktiyA~ sAmAnya hai| vibhaktiyoM kA vyatyaya bhI dekhA gayA hai, jaise tRtIyA ke lie paMcamI aura paMcamI ke lie dvitIyA, SaSThI aura saptamI / kriyAoM ke pratyaya lagabhaga sAmAnya haiN| kRdantoM meM pUrvakAlika kRdanta ke pratyaya ( UNa, UNaM) aura hetvarthakRdanta ke pratyaya (- uM) kA eka dUsare ke lie prayoga milatA hai| pUrvakAlika kRdanta ke lie hetvartha kRdanta kA prayoga 15.3% huA hai aura hetvarthakRdanta ke lie pUrvakAlika kRdantoM kA prayoga 30% huA hai| upadezamAlA meM chaH padyoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI padya gAthA chaMda meM haiN| chaH padyoM meM se cAra (naM0 139, 184, 185, 341) anuSTup chanda meM haiM, eka ( 208) rathoddhatA aura eka ( 426 ) viparIta AkhyAnakI chanda meM hai| isa grantha ke racayitA jainAcArya dharmadAsagaNi mAne jAte haiN| anuzrutiyA~ esI haiM ki ve bha0 mahAvIra ke pratyakSa ziSya the lekina grantha meM vajrasvAmI Adi ke ullekha evaM bhASAkIya parIkSaNa ke AdhAra para unakA samaya I. saM. pAMcavI zatAbdI se pUrva nahIM ThaharatA hai / lekhaka kI anya koI racanA prApta nahIM hotI hai / viSayavastugata adhyayana ke antargata upadezamAlA kI TIkA meM prApta kathAnakoM kI tulanA Agama aura unakI niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM aura TIkAoM ke kathAnakoM se kI gaI hai / kathAnakoM meM jahA~ bheda AtA hai unako phuTanoTa meM unake sandarbha ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| jahA~ kathAnaka samAna haiM vahA~ phuTanoTa meM kevala sandarbha de diye gaye haiN| nIce una kathAnakoM kI sUcI dI jAtI hai jinakA ullekha AgamoM meM milatA hai : 1. candanabAlA, 2. bharata cakravartI, 3. prasannacandra, 4. bAhubalI, 5. sanatkumAra, 6. brahmadatta cakrI, 7. udAyInRpa ke hatyAre kI kathA,

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(900) 8: jAtA sAsA kA dRSTAnta, 9. mRgAvatI, 10 jambUsvAmI, 11. cilAtiputra, 12. DhaMDhakumAra, 13. skandakAcArya, 14. harikezabalamuni, 15. vajrasvAmI, 16. naMdISeNa, 17. gajasukumAra, 18. sthUlibhadra, 19. siMha guphAvAsI muni, 20 pIThamahApITha, 21 tAmalitApasa, 22. zAlibhadra, 23. avaMtisukumAla, 24 metAryamuni, 25 vAcanAcArya vajrasvAmI, 26. dattamuni, 27 sunakSatramuni, 28. kezIgaNadhara aura pradezI rAjA, 29. zrIkAlikAcArya kI kathA, 30. bha. mahAvIra ke pUrvajanma kI kathA, 33. baladevamuni 32. pUraNatApasa, 33. candrAvataMsaka, 34. sAgaracandra kumAra, 35 kAmadeva zrAvaka, 36. dRDhaprahArI, 37. cUlanIrAnI 38. koNika rAjA, 39. cANakya, 40. parazurAma aura subhUmacakrI, 41. AryamahAgiri kA gacchatyAga, 42. zrImedhakumAra, 43. caMDarudrAcArya, 44. puSpacUlA 45 aNikA putra, 46. marudevI, 47. sukumAlikA, 48 maMgU AcArya 49 zailakAcArya, 50. kuMDarIka aura puMDarIka, 51. dardurAMkadeva, 52. sulasa kI kathA, 53. jamAlI, 54. kachue kI kathA / ina 54 kathAoM ke atirikta nimna kathAe~ bhI upadezamAlA meM nirdiSTa haiM : *-- 1. saMbAdhana rAjA, 2. varadatta muni, 3. dramaka, 4. sahasramalla, 5. skandakumAra, 6. kanakaketu, 7. sAtyaki vidyAdhara, 8. aMgAramardakAcArya, 9. girizuka puSpazuka kI kathA, 10. zaziprabharAjA, 11 puliMdabhIla, 12. vidyAdAtA cANDAla, 13. atisnAnI, tapasvI | 14. kaparakSama 0 saha- zodhakArI pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna gujarAta yUnivarsiTI, kalA saMkAya meM pI0 eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabandha kI rUpa rekhA

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sAhitya-satkAra nAyadhammakahAo-sampAdaka : muni zrI jambUvijayajI; prakAzaka : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI-37; mUlya : 125 ru0; saMskaraNa : prathama 1989 / __ mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya jaina AgamoM ke prAmANika saMskaraNoM ke prakAzana kA jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kara rahA hai vaha abhinandanIya hai| usI krama meM prastuta kRti bhI vidvat jagat ke samakSa upasthita huI hai| grantha meM samIkSita mUla pATha ke atirikta pAThAntaroM ko bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai jo ki sampAdaka ke kaThina zrama aura adhyayana gAmbhIrya ke paricAyaka haiN| pAThAntara grantha ke artha-nizcayana meM aneka bAra mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiN| muni zrI ne yaha kArya karake vidvat varga para atyanta upakAra kiyA hai| punaH prathama pariziSTa ke rUpa meM 125 pRSThoM kI zabda sUcI dI gayI hai jo zodhakartAoM ke lie bar3I upayogI hai| dvitIya pariziSTa meM akArAdi krama se gAthAoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai aura tRtIya pariziSTa meM una grAhya pAThoM kA saMkalana hai jo "jAva yA vaNNavo" zabda se nirdiSTa hai / grantha ke prArambha meM jambU-vijaya jI kI gujarAtI aura aMgrejI tathA devendra muni zAstrI kI hindI meM vidvattApUrNa bhUmikAe~ bhI dI gayI haiM, jo grantha kI viSayavastu aura usake aitihAsika tathyoM ko spaSTa karane meM sahAyaka hai| prakAzana sundara aura nirdoSa hai| munizrI kI isa vidyA-sevA ke lie hama unake prati zraddhAvanate haiM / prakAzaka saMsthA bhI badhAI ke yogya hai| AzA hai munizrI jambUvijaya jI ke mArgadarzana meM mahAvIra vidyAlaya sampUrNa Agama sAhitya ke prakAzana ke isa mahAna kArya ko zIghra hI pUrA kara legaa| "jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya' lekhaka : DaoN0 satyavrata; prakAzaka : jaina vizvabhAratI, lADana; saMskaraNa : prathama 1981 /

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( 102 ) DaoN0 satyavrata kA prastuta grantha "jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya" jaina saMskRta vAGmaya ke eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai| isameM 15vIM zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kA eka anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM bAisa mahAkAvyoM ke saMkSipta paricaya ke sAtha-sAtha unakI samIkSA bhI kI gayI hai| prastuta kRti meM ina tIna zatAbdiyoM meM racita jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : (1) zAstrIya mahAkAvya, (2) zAstra kAvya, (3) aitihAsika mahAkAvya aura (4) paurANika mahAkAvya / prastuta kRti kI samIkSAtmaka vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM usa sAmAnya avadhAraNA kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai jisake anusAra jaina kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM zAnta rasa hI hotA hai, zRMgAra aura vIra rasa nhiiN| yadyapi isake pUrva DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI kA "saMskRta kAvya meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna" nAmaka grantha prakAzita huA kintu eka hI grantha meM sampUrNa jaina kAvya sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana utanI gaharAI se sambhava nahIM thaa| DaoN satyavrata ne tIna zatAbdiyoM ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ko vivecya viSaya banAkara usake sAtha nyAya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / AzA hai prastuta kRti vidvat jagat meM apekSita sthAna prApta kregii| mudraNa aura prastutIkaraNa atyanta sundara hai| isa prakAzana ke lie prakAzana saMsthA 'jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanaM' nizcita hI sAdhuvAda kI pAtra hai| jaina vizvabhAratI jaina vidyA se sambandhita prakAzanoM ke kSetra meM jo zreSThatama kArya kara rahI hai vaha svAgata yogya hai aura spRhaNIya bhI / grantha paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai / jaina rAmAyaNa (rAma-yazo-rasAyana-rAsa)-muni kezarAja; saM0 DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina; prakAzaka : jaina siddhAnta bhavana devAzrama, ArA, bihAra; prathama saMskaraNa : 1991, AkAra : Dabala DimAI, sajilda, mUlya 8.00 ru0 pR0 72+25 rAmakathA kA, na kevala hindU paramparA meM apitu bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM prAkRta

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( 103 ) bhASA meM racita rAmakathA kA Adi kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra raviSeNa kA padmacarita saMskRta bhASA kA jaina rAmakathA viSayaka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU dvArA racita paumacariu bhI apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne apaneapane yuga kI bhASAoM meM rAmakathA para aneka grantha likhe haiN| prastuta kRti bhI usI krama meM prAcIna maru-gurjara meM racita eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, jisake lekhaka vijayagaccha ke muni kezarAja haiN| racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1683 (I0 san 1626) hai| isa rAmakathA kA sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya meM vizeSa pracalana rahA hai| isake kucha saMskaraNa bhI prakAzita hue haiM kintu prastuta saMskaraNa kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| __ prastuta kRti kA sabase mahattvapUrNa vaiziSTya to yaha hai ki yaha eka sacitra prati hai| isake citra atyanta hI AkarSaka aura jIvanta haiM, tathA unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI jayapura evaM mAravAr3a zailI ke anupama namUne haiM / pro0 Ananda kRSNa ne ise mathena zailI ke nikaTa batAyA hai| vastutaH jaina yatiyoM kA eka varga vizeSa jo sacitra jaina granthoM kI pratilipi evaM citra nirmANa se jur3A huA thA, unakI zailI hI mathena zailI kahalAtI hai| prastuta kRti ke citroM meM aneka sthaloM para jaina muniyoM kA citraNa bhI huA hai| muniyoM aura sAdhviyoM kI vezabhUSA sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke anurUpa citrita kI gaI hai / sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke mukha para mukha vastrikA aura lambI DaNDI yukta rajoharaNa isake vaiziSTya haiN| citra zailI se yaha sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA grantha pratIta hotA hai kintu isameM tInacAra sthaloM para jinamandira aura jinabimba kA aMkana bhI hai| rAmakathA ke sAtha-sAtha antarkathA ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA kI aneka kathAeM bhI sammilita haiM aura unakA bhI sajIva aMkana yahA~ dekhA jAtA hai| citra itane caTakIle aura spaSTa haiM ki dekhate hI banate haiN| mUla kRti ke citroM ko yathAvat unhIM raMgoMmeM isa kRti meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa mahattvapUrNa evaM vyaya sAdhya kArya ke lie devakumAra prAcya zodha saMsthAna nizcaya hI badhAI kA pAtra hai| isa zodha saMsthAna dvArA svaparamparA se bhinna sampradAya ke grantha kA prakAzana isakI udAra dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai|

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( 104 ) pratyeka jaina saMsthA aura kalApremI janoM ko isakA saMgraha avazya hI karanA caahie| durbhAgya se yaha grantha khaNDita rUpa meM hI prApta huA hai ataH sacitra grantha kA prakAzana bhI khaNDita rUpa meM hI hai| bIca meM aneka pRSTha anupalabdha haiN| prakAzakoM ne ina lupta pRSThoM ke mUla pAThoM kA saMkalana bhI pariziSTa ke rUpa meM kara diyA hai jo unakI zramaniSThA evaM sUjha-bUjha kA paricAyaka hai| kintu yadi pariziSTa ke rUpa meM mUlagrantha ke anupalabdha pannoM kI viSaya vastu ke sAtha hI samasta grantha ke viSaya vastu ko devanAgarI lipi meM de diyA jAtA to adhyetAoM ko adhika suvidhA hotI kyoMki isa sacitra hastaprata kI lipi ko par3hane meM zodha-kartAoM ko asuvidhA to hogI hii| jaina nyAyazAstra eka parizIlana-lekhaka vijaya munizAstrI, prakA-divAkara prakAzana, A7-AvAgar3ha hAusa, ema0 jI0 roDa, AgarA-2, pra0 saM0 1990, AkAra DimAI, peparabaika mUlya 20 ru0 / 5 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isa pustaka ke prathama adhyAya ko 4 prakaraNoM meM vibhAjita kara bhAratIya darzanoM meM nyAyazAstra, ina darzanoM kI vizeSatAyeM, jaina pramANa aura naya tathA jaina nyAya ke kucha sUtra-granthoM kA digdarzana hai| dUsare adhyAya meM jaina pramANoM, naya aura dravya kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM kramazaH naya aura nikSepa kA vivecana hai / antima adhyAya meM zabdArtha nirUpaNa hai| jaina pramANa naya aura nikSepa ke paricayAtmaka vivaraNa kI dRSTi se atyanta upayogI pustaka hai| viSaya kA prastutIkaraNa suvyavasthita haiN| pustaka kI rUpa-sajjA va chapAI atyanta AkarSaka hai| pustaka kA mUlya atyalpa rakhakara munizrI ne pustaka ko sahaja-sulabha banA diyA hai|

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( 105 ) jainazramaNa-svarUpa aura samIkSA - lekhaka DaoN0 yogezacandra jaina, muktiprakAzana, alIgaMja, (eTA) u0 pra0, prathama saMskaraNa 1990, pR0 22 + 320; mUlya 30ru0, sAija- DimAI (hArDa bAiNDa ) lekhaka dvArA rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura kI pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabandha kA prastuta kRti mudrita rUpa hai / yaha 5 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama adhyAya meM vibhinna dhArmika, aitihAsika evaM sAhityika pRSThabhUmi meM jaina zramaNoM kA vivecana hai / sAtha hI zvetAmbara digambara sampradAya ke pramukha saMghoM kA sakSipta paricaya diyA hai / dvitIya adhyAya 'zramaNa kA svarUpa' meM mahAvrata aura 38 mUla guNoM ke zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya kI dRSTi se vivecana ke sAtha zramaNa dIkSA kI pAtratA, dIkSA grahaNa vidhi, picchi kamaNDalu evaM utsarga apavAda mArga ko bhI saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM sampUrNa zramaNa AcAra saMhitA kA vivecana prastuta karane ke sAtha AhAra caryA, ekala vihAra, zarIra tyAga tathA zithilAcArI zramaNoM kA vivecana karate hue nAmollekha pUrvaka udAharaNa diye gaye haiM / nAmollekhapUrvaka samAlocanA starIya granthoM kI garimA ko khaNDita karatI hai / caturtha adhyAya meM zramaNoM ke vibhinna bheda-prabheda kA varNana karate hue atyanta saMkSepa meM zramaNoM ke dhArmika, dArzanika Adi vibhinna kSetroM meM avadAna ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / grantha meM vivecita prakaraNoM para saiddhAntika dRSTi se vicAra karane ke pazcAt vartamAna kAla meM zramaNoM ke AcAra aura siddhAnta meM kyA aura kitanA antara hai isakA bevAka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jo lekhaka evaM kRti ko tadviSayaka anya granthoM se alaga kara detA hai / pustaka kA kalevara sundara hai, chapAI bhI acchI hai / parantu prUpha saMzodhana meM kucha truTiyA~ raha gaI haiM, lekhaka kA prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai pustaka nizcita rUpa se saMgrahaNIya hai /

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( 106 ) dhammaparikkhA-AcArya hariSeNa; saM0 DA0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara;; sammati risarca iMsTIcyUTa Ava iNDolaoNjI ( Aloka prakAzana ) nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura; pra0 saM0 1990, pR0 121+160+ 16 mUlya 95 ru0, DimAI, sajilda / dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya hariSeNa dvArA apabhraMza meM praNIta yaha vyaMgya pradhAna kAvya hai jisakI paramparA dhUrtAkhyAna se AcArya haribhadra ne Arambha kI thii| dhammaparikkhA meM parapakSa kA khaNDana aura svapakSa kA maNDana kiyA gayA hai| paurANika kathAoM ke cAmatkArika evaM atiraMjita varNanoM kA yuktiyoM dvArA khaNDana isakA prayojana rahA hai / yaha kAvya 11 sandhiyoM (adhyAyoM) meM vibhAjita hai| manovega nAmaka pramukha pAtra apane abhinna mitra pavana vega ko kisa prakAra sanmArga se jor3atA hai aura use mithyAdRSTiyoM se mukta karatA hai yahI isa grantha kA mukhya pratipAdya hai / isa saMskaraNa meM prAcIna pratiyoM ke AdhAra para mUla kA pATha bhedoM ke ullekha sahita sampAdana kiyA gayA hai| mUla kA vistAra se hindI bhAvAnuvAda bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sampAdaka ne apanI vistRta bhUmikA meM dhammaparikkhA zIrSaka 17 granthoMkA paricaya, hariSeNa nAmadhArI 7 kaviyoM kA paricaya, grantha kI sAhityika viziSTatA, dI hai jahA~ taka kavi ke paricaya kA prazna hai yaha atyanta saMkSipta hai| isameM varNita kathAyeM vaidika paramparA meM bhI prApta hotI haiM unakA vaidika paramparA meM kyA svarUpa hai isakA bhI paricaya sampAdaka ne diyA hai| isa saMskaraNa meM vyAkaraNAtmaka vizleSaNa bhI diyA gayA hai| isa krama meM vyaJjana-vikAra, parivartana, zabda sAdhaka praNAlI, rUpa sAdhaka praNAlI, sahita pratyayoM kA vivecana hai| grantha ke anta meM viziSTa zabdoM kI sUcI bhI prastuta hai| isa prakAra Jainism in Buddhist Literature Adi 25 granthoM ke lekhaka DA0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara kA yaha zramapUrvaka kiyA gayA starIya prayAsa hai| grantha kI rUpa-sajjA AkarSaka hai| chapAI acchI hai| isa grantha ko prakAza meM lAne ke lie DA0 jaina badhAI ke pAtra haiN|

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puNya-smRti ___ zrImatI zakuntalA rAnI jaina patnI zrI zAdIlAla jI jaina, mAlika zrI motI lAla munIlAla jaina amRtasara, kA nidhana 25-12-1990 ko amRtasara meM ho gyaa| unakI Ayu 72 varSa kI thii| ve suyogya gRhaNI, dharmaparAyaNa, mRdubhASI, samAjasevI va anya guNoM se paripUrNa thiiN| ve saMsthAna ke mantrI zrI bhUpendra nAtha jI jaina evaM koSAdhyakSa zrI sumati prakAza jI evaM upAdhyakSa zrI nRparAja jI kI bahana thii| saMsthAna ke vikAza meM unakI bahuta ruci thii| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra unheM apanI bhAva-pravaNa zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai| SON m hai:9815 __ AcArya zrI hastImala jI kA (nimAja pAlI) meM sallekhanApUrvaka samAdhikaraNa ho gyaa| AcArya zrI svAdhyAya aura sAmAyika sAdhanA ke prabala poSaka the| ApakI preraNA se vibhinna nagaroM meM svAdhyAya saMghoM kI sthApanA huii| Apane dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama granthoM kI saMskRta aura hindI vyAkhyAyeM likhI thii| Apake dehAvasAna se sthAnaka vAsI jaina samAja ke eka variSThatama vidvAna kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra unheM hArdika zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai|| jaina dharma evaM darzana ke udIyamAna vidvAna zrI jItendra bI0 zAha ahamadAbAda ke pUjya pitAjI zrI bAbUlAla jI zAha kA dinAMka 28 mArca ko ahamadAbAda meM svargavAsa ho gyaa| Apa zrI dharma-pravaNa evaM samAja-sevI suzrAvaka the| Apake nidhana se eka udAra, dharmapremI zrAvaka hama logoM ke bIca se uTha gayA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra mRtAtmA ke prati hArdika zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai| zrI jitendra zAha evaM anya AtmIya janoM ke prati samvedanA vyakta karatA hai|

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Statement about Ownership and other particular of the Paper SHRAMANA 1. Place of Publication :P. V. Research Institute I. T. I. Road, Varanasi-5 2. Periodicity of Publication : First week of English calendar month. 3. Printer's Name, Nationality: Dr. Sagar Mal Jain and Address Indian Divine Printers B 13/44, Sonarpura, Varanasi 4. Publisher's Name, Nationality and Address : Dr. Sagar Mal Jain Indian P. V. Research Institute I. T. I, Road, Varanasi-5 5. Editor's Name, Nationality and Address Same 6. Names and Address of : Shri Sohanlal Jain Vidya individuals who own the Prasarak Samiti, Paper and Partners or Guru Bazar, Amritsar share-holders holding more (Registered under Act XXI than one per cent of the as 1860). total capital. I, Dr. Sagar Mal Jain hereby declare that the particular given above are true to the best of the knowledge and believe. Dated 1-4-1991 Signature of the Publishers s/d Dr. Sagar Mal Jain

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