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________________ kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAyaviracitA pramANa-mImAMsA svopajJavRttisahitA, hindI anuvAdayuktA ca anuvAdaka :: paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla 'nyAyatArtha' san 1970 [mUlya
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________________ ||AUMbhm // ktikaassr' gaaN mrssi bishbnaa svopajJa vRtti sahitA (hindI anuvAda-yuktA ca) -- --- - * pramANa mImAMsA -: anuvAdaka :paM. zomAcandra mArila 'nyAyatI' vyAvara san 1970 mUlya ru- -
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________________ prakAzaka maMtrI pustakaprakAzana vibhAga zrI tiloka ratna sthA. jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI, ahamadanagara prathamAvRtti 1000 vIra saM. 2496 -: mudraka :badarInArAyaNa dvArikAprasAda zukla zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya, pAtharDI, a'nagara' mUlya paccIsa rupaye sirpha
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________________ prakAzakIya prastuta pustaka jana jagat ke prakANDa vidvAna AcArya zrI hemacandra ko bahumUlya kRti hai, bhAkRtyA atIva saMkSipta hone para bhI prakRtyA mahato mahIyAn kI ukti ko caritArtha karane vAlI hai| missandeha kuzala AcArya ne apanI kuzalatAko parAkASThA prastuta kara dI hai| pramANazAstra kA yaha zreSTha grantha mAnA jAtA hai, isI liye pAtharDI parIkSA borDa kI uccatama parIkSA meM yaha nirdhArita hai| parIkSAborDa ke saMcAlakoM ne pAThayagranthoM ke prakAzana kI vyavasthA bahuta pahale prAraMbha kara dI thI, isase prAraMbhika 4 parIkSAoMke parIkSArthiyoM ke liye paryApta suvidhA prApta ho gii| kintu borDa kI ucca parIkSAoM ke liye nirdhArita granthoM kA prakAzana bahuvyayasAdhya honese nijI prakAzana na ho sakane ke kAraNa una granthoM kI durlabhatA se prauDha parIkSArthI bahuta hI kaThinAI kA anubhava kara rahe the| borDa ke sadupadeSTA mahArAja zrI 1008 bAlabrahmacArI paMDitaratna pUjya zrI AnandaRSijI mahArAja sA. kA cAturmAsa san 1961 meM AzvI jilA ahamadanagara meM huvA thaa| usa cAturmAsameM sthAnIya seThajI dAnavIra zrI kezaracandajI kacaradAsajI borA ne saMghasevA kA antaH karaNa se lAma liyA thaa| varzanArthiyoM ko acchI upasthiti hotI thI, sabhI ke svAgata kA dha seThajIne udAtta mAvanAse kiyA thaa| ___ isa cAturmAsa meM koI viziSTa kArya honA cAhiye, aisA utsAha kucha vidyArasika mahAnubhAvoM ke antaH karaNa meM prasphurita huvA, pUjya mahArAja zrI ke samakSa yaha zubha bhAvanA vyakta kI gaI, taba mahArAja zrI ne pAtharDI borDa ke praur3ha parIkSArthiyoM ko kaThinAI ko dUra karane kI ora ina jJAna premiyoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| phalasvarUpa borDacAlakoM se parAmarza karake 'ucca parIkSA pAThyapustaka prakAzana vibhAga' isa nAmase borDa ke andara eka mahattvapUrNa upayogI vibhAga niyata kiyA gayA / isa vibhAga meM kucha hI dinoM meM dAtAoM kI udAstA se acchA sahayoga milA aura pahale darzanagranyoM ke prakAzana kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| ukta vibhAga kI tarapha hai. savaprathA mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ma0 ko jaina tarkabhASA (hindI anuvAda sahita) kA prakAzana kiyA gyaa| yaha anuvAda suprasiddha vidvAna paM0
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________________ (2) zobhAcandrajI bhArilla ne taiyAra kiyA thA aura paM0 indracandrajI zAstrI dehalI ne pariziSTa rUpa meM kaThina sthaloM para TippaNa likha kara use aura saralatA pradAna kara dI thii| usa prakAzana se chAtroM ko acchI suvidhA dekha kara paM0 bhArillajI se hI pramANamImAMsA ke hindI anuvAda ke liye Agraha kiyA gyaa| paMDitajIne kucha hI dinoM meM isa anuvAda ko bhI taiyAra kara diyaa| jaba chAtroM ko yaha mAlUma huvA ki pramANamImAMsA hindI-anuvAda ke sAtha pAtharDI se prakAzita ho rahI hai, taba lagabhaga 50 pratiyoM ke lie ArDara pustaka pUrNa hone se bahuta pahale hI prakAzana vibhAga ko prApta ho gaye / isa liye hamArA utsAha aura bar3ha gayA / aba tIsare prakAzana ke liye pustaka kA cayana zIghra hI kara ke hama yathAsaMbhava use bhI avilamba prakAzita karane kA prayAsa kareMge / prakAzanavibhAga ina kaThinatama granthoM ke adhyayana meM suvidhA ke liye zAstrI aura AcArya parIkSA ke pAThya granthoM kA sahAyaka grantha do jildoM meM prakAzita karane kA vicAra kara rahA hai| - isa grantha ke prakAzana meM jina dAtAoM kA Arthika sahayoga upayukta huvA hai,unako zubha nAmAvali isa prakAra hai621)zrI kezaracandajI kacaradAsajI borA AzvI 501), candrabhAnajI rUpacandajI DAkaliyA zrIrAmapura 502), tilokacandajI khUpacandajI gundecA cA~dA 501), kezaracandajI gulAbacandajI muNota nevAsA 500), kacaradAsajI mohanalAlajI loDhA ahamadanagara 501), bhAgacandajI zobhAcaMdajI dUgaDa amalanera 501), rUpacandajI mANakacaMdajI nAhara rAMjanagA~va 500), bhairUlAlajI dIpacandajI gA~dhI lonAvalA 352), phakIracandajI bAlArAmajI gugaliyA ciMcoDI-zirAla 251), kacaradAsajI himmatamalajI bhalagaTa ahamadanagara 201), kuMdanamalajI luMkar3a kI suputrI sAyarabAI baiMgalora 201), kalyANajI bhAI kapUracandajI zAha baMbaI 201), sakala jaina zrI saMgha AzvI 151), jasarAja kAlAmAI lAThiyA mUrtijApura 151), nemIcandajI javAharalAlajI loDhA siMdhanUra 151), choTamalajI nemIcandajI lohasara-khAMDagAMva 151), icarajabAI jhuMbaralAlajI gugale andherI prastuta prakAzama para paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyAjI ne prAstAvika likhane kI kRpA kI etadartha ve zatazaH dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM, jina dAtAoM ke Arthika sahayoga se yaha pustaka prakAzita kI gaI hai unakA hRdaya se AbhAra mAnate haiN| badarInArAyaNa zukla
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________________ prAstAvika jaina dArzanika granthoM kA nirmANa tattvArthasUtra se prAraMbha hotA hai / tattvArthasUtra kI racanA meM Agamika paraMparA ko vyavasthita karane kA sarvaprathama prayatna huA / natIjA yaha huA ki usameM Agamagata sabhI viSayoM kA sakSepa meM nirUpaNa huA / tattvArthasUtra kI kaI TIkAe~ huIM aura usake bAda kaI jainadarzana ke naye grantha bhI bane kintu samaya ke anusAra nirUpaNa ke viSayoM meM parivartana hotA rahA / tattvArthasUtra meM nirUpita kaI viSayoM ko chor3a diyA gayA aura kaI Avazyaka naI carcAoM kA praveza bhI huA / prameyapradhAna nirUpaNa prAcInakAla meM thA, usakA sthAna pramANapradhAna nirUpaNa ne liyA / yaha parivartana khAsa kara bauddhoM ke pramANasamuccaya jaise granthoM ke kAraNa huA / yahI kAraNa hai ki tattvArtha sUtragata kaI viSayoM ko chor3a diyA gayA aura pramANa ke viSayarUpa meM prameya kI carcA hone lagI, aura vaha bhI tattvArtha kI taraha prameyoM kI gaNanA karake nahIM, kintu prameya ke svarUpa kI hI carcA paryApta samajhI gyii| isI paraMparA meM nyAyAvatAra, nyAyavinizcaya, parIkSAmukha' pramANanayatattvAloka Adi grantha bane / pramANamImAMsA bhI isI paraMparA kI eka kaDI hai / Age calakara nyAyadIpikA, jainatarkabhASA jaise grantha bane / madhyakAla vistRta grantharacanA kI pravRtti baDhI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI zlokavAtika jaisI vistRta TIkA banI, pramANanayatattvAloka kA syAdvAdaratnAkara jaisI suvistRta aura parIkSAmukha kI prameyakamalamArtaMDa jaisI ati vistRta TIkAe~ banIM, natIjA yaha huA ki pravezArthI ke lie kaThinAI upasthita huI / isI kaThinAI ko dUra karane kI dRSTi se nyAyAvatAvArtikavRtti, ratnAkarAvatArikA jaise grantha banane zuru hue| isI dRSTi se AcArya hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA kI racanA kI / mUla sUtroM ko svopajJavRtti se alaMkRta karake isakA nirmANa huA hai / durbhAgya se isake pAMcoM adhyAya milate nahIM, prAraMbha ke der3ha adhyAya jitanA ho aMza milatA hai / kintu jitanA aMza milatA hai vaha bhI jaina darzana kI pramANamImAMsA ko saMkSepa meM jAnane kA acchA sAdhana hai isa meM saMdeha nahIM / pramANamImAMsA kaI yunirvAsaTiyoM meM aura jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa meM pAThayagrantha rUpa se svIkRta hai, yahI pramANa hai ki vaha jaina darzana ke lie eka acchI pAThyapustaka hai| usake kaI saMskaraNa bhI hue haiM / pU. paM. sukhalAlajI ne usake apane saMpAdana meM tulanAtmaka TippaNa bhI
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________________ ( 2 ) likhe aura vistRta prastAvanA bhI likhI, kintu vaha grantha aba upalabdha nahIM hotA / TippaNoM kA aMgrejI hokara ve pRthak pustakarUpa meM upalabdha haiM / aba pU. paM. zobhAcaMdrajI bhArilladvArA pramANamImAMsA hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita ho rahIM hai, yaha Ananda kA viSaya hai / isake par3hane vAloM ke lie pramANamImAMsA grantha sugama ho jAyagA isameM saMdeha nahIM hai / paMDitajI kI hindI sarasa to hai hI, sAtha subodha bhI hai aura AcArya hemacandra kI prasanna gaMbhIra bhASA ke anurUpa bhI hai| paMDitajI ne yaha anuvAda karake jijJAsuoM kA mArga sarala kiyA hai, ataeva ve sabake dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / hama AzA karate haiM ki paMDitajI Age bhI kaThina dArzanika grantha ke sugama anuvAda hameM dete raheMge aura jijJAsuoM kA darzana meM praveza sulabha banA deMge / ahamadAbAda 13-7-70 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA
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________________ kalikAlarsavajJa-zrIhemacandrAcAryaviracitA ___( svopajJavRttisahitA) // pramANa mI mAM saa|| anantadarzanajJAnavIryAnandamayAtmane / namo'rhate kRpAklaptadharmatIrthAya tAyine // 1 // bodhibIjamupaskartuM tattvAbhyAsena dhImatAm | jainasiddhAntasUtrANAM sveSAM vRttirvidhIyate // 2 // 1 nanu yadi bhavadIyAnImAni jainasiddhAntasUtrANi, tahi bhavataH pUrva kAni kimIyAni vA tAnyAsanniti ? atyalpamidamanvayuD.kthAH / pANini-piMgala-kaNAdA'kSapAdAdibhyo'pi pUrva kAni kimIyAni vA vyAkaraNAdisUtrANItyedapi paryanuyuD.kSva ! ( hindI anuvAda) ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya,aura ananta Anandamaya svarUpavAle,jagat ke jIvoM para kRpA karake dharmatIrtha kI racanA karanevAle aura prANImAtra ke lie sanmArga ke upadezaka arhanta bhagavAna ko namaskAra ho||1|| tattva ( vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ) ke abhyAsa dvArA buddhimAnoM ke bodhabIjasamyaktva kA upaskAra karane ke uddezya se svaracita jainasiddhAntasUtroM kI arthAt jainadarzanasammata tattva kA pratipAdana karanevAle sUtroM kI TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai // 2 // 1-zaMkA-jina sUtroM kI vRtti-TIkA-kA Apa nirmANa kara rahe haiM, ve sUtra yadi Apake haiM to Apase pUrva kauna se sUtra the? aura ve kinake the ? samAdhAna-Apane atyanta alpa-saMkIrNa zaMkA upasthita kI hai / Apako yaha bhI to pUchanA cAhie thA ki pANini se pahale vyAkaraNa ke sUtra, piMgala se pahale piMgalazAstra ke sUtrA kaNAda se pahale vaizeSikadarzana ke sUtra kauna se the ? aura ve kinake the ?
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________________ pramANamImAMsA anAdaya evaitA vidyAH saMkSepavistaravivakSayA navanavIbhavanti tattatkartRkAzcocyante / kiM nAzrauSIH 'na kadAcidanIddazaM jagat' iti ? yadi vA prekSasva vAcakamukhyaviracitAni sakalazAstracUDAmaNibhUtAni tattvArthasUtrANIti / 2 yadyevam-akalaGka-dharmakIrtyAdivat prakaraNameva ki nArabhyate, kimanayA sUtrakAratvAhopuruSikayA ? maivaM vocaH, bhinnaruciyaM janaH, tato nAsya svecchApratibandhe laukikaM rAjakIyaM vA zAsanamastIti yatkiJcidetat / 3 tatra varNasamUhAtmakaH padaiH, padasamUhAtmakaiH sUtraH, sUtrasamUhAtmakaH prakaraNaH, prakaraNasamUhAtmakaH AhnikaH, AhnikasamUhAtmakaH paJcabhiradhyAyaH zAstrametadaracayadAcAryaH / tasya ca prekSAvatpravRtyaMgamabhidheyamabhidhAtumidamAdisUtram vAstava meM ye sakavidyAe~ anAdikAlIna haiN| kintu koI unakA saMkSepa vistAra se pratipAdana karatA hai| isa saMkSepa-vistAra ke kAraNa ve navIna-navIna rUpa dhAraNa karatI rahatI haiN| jo unakA saMkSepa athavA vistAra se nirUpaNa karatA hai, vahI unakA 'kartA' kahalAne lagatA hai| kyA Apane yaha nahIM sunA ki 'jagat kabhI aisA nahIM thA', yaha bAta nahIM hai / arthAt jagat to apane mUla rUpa meM sadaiva vaisA kA vaisA hI rahatA hai| phira bhI yadi Apako dekhanA hai ki mujhase pUrva jaina siddhAnta ke sUtra kauna-se the, to vAcakamukhya umAsvAtidvArA racita 'tattvAryasUtra dekha liijie| ve sUtra samasta zAstroM meM cUDAmaNi ke samAna uttama haiN| 2-zaMkA-yadi Apase pahale vAcaka umAsvAtidvArA racita tattvArthasUtra vidyamAna haiM, to Apa sUtrakAra' banane kA gaurava kyoM prApta karanA cAhate haiM ? akalaMka aura dharmakItti Adi kI bhA~ti prakaraNa-grantha kI hI racanA kyoM nahIM karate ? samAdhAna-aisA mata khie| jana-jana ko ruci meM bhinnatA hotI hai, ataeva usakI svecchA ko rokane ke lie na to koI laukika pratibandha hai, na rAjakIya zAsana hai, arthAt vibhinna granthakAra binA kisI rukAvaTa ke apanI-apanI icchA ke anusAra sUtra,vRtti yA prakaraNAdi granthoMkI racanA karate haiM / ataeva Apake kathana meM kucha sAra nahIM hai| 3 -vargoM kA samUha pada kahalAtA hai, padoM kA samUha sUtra, sUtroM kA samUha prakaraNa (vibhAga vizeSa ), prakaraNoM kA samUha Ahnika aura AhnikoM kA samUha adhyAya kahalAtA hai| AcArya ne pA~ca adhyAyoM meM isa zAstra kI racanA kI hai| buddhimAn puruSa kisI bhI grantha ke paThana-pAThana meM taba hI pravRtta hote haiM, jaba usake abhidheya-viSaya ko jAnakArI prApta kara leN| aMtaeva prathama sUtra meM prastuta grantha meM prekSAkArika puruSoM kI pravRtti kA aMga-pratipAdya viSaya batalAyA jAtA hai /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA my atha pramANamImAMsA // 1 // 4 atha-ityasya adhikArArthatvAcchAstreNAdhikriyamANasya prastUyamAnasya pramANasyAbhidhAnAt sakalazAstratAtparyavyAkhyAnena prekSAvanto bodhitAH pravartitAzca bhvNti| AnantaryArtho vA atha-zabdaH, zabda-kAvya-chandonuzAsanebhyo'nantaraM pramANaM mImAMsyata ityarthaH / anena zabdAnuzAsanAdibhirasyaikakartRkatvamAha / adhikArArthasya ca atha zabdasyAnyArthanIyamAnakusumadAmajalakumbhAderdarzanamiva zravaNaM maMgalAyApi kalpata iti |mNgle ca sati paripanthivighAtAt akSepeNa zAstrasiddhiH,AyuSmacchAtRkatA ca bhavati / parameSThinamaskArAdikaM tu maGgalaM kRtamapi na nivezitaM lAghavArthinA suutrkaarenneti| __5 prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyavacchedena mIyate paricchidyate vastutattvaM yena tat pramANaM pramAyAM sAdhakatamam, tasya mImAMsA-uddezAdirUpeNa paryAlocanam / trayI hi zAstrasya pravRttiH-uddezo lakSaNaM parIkSA ca / aba pramANa ko mImAMsA kI jAtI hai // 1 // 4-sUtra meM prayukta 'atha' zabda adhikAra artha kA vAcaka hai| isa zAstra meM pramANa kA adhikAra hai / pramANa kI mImAMsA yahA~ prastuta hai / yahA~ 'pramANa' zabda ke prayoga se sampUrNa zAstra ke tAtparya (prayojana) kA vyAkhyAna ho jAtA hai / isase buddhimAnoM ko usakA bodha ho jAtA hai aura ve usameM pravRtti karane lagate haiN| ___athavA 'atha' zabda yahA~ Anantarya artha kA vAcaka hai / isakA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki zabdAnuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana tathA chandonuzAsana ke anantara aba pramANa kI mImAMsA kI jAtI hai / isa kathana se yaha bhI sUcita ho gayA ki zabdAnuzAsana Adi ke kartA-AcArya hemacandra hI prastuta grantha ke bhI kartA haiN| ___adhikArArthaka 'atha' zabda kA zravaNa, dUsare ke nimitta le jAe jAte puSpadAma aura sajala ghaTa Adi ko dekhane ke samAna mAMgalika mAnA jAtA hai| ___ 'maMgala'ko vidyamAnatA meM pratibandhaka vighnoM kA vighAta ho jAtA hai aura usase avilamba zAstra kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / usa zAstra ke zrotAoM ko cirakAlIna AyuSya kI prApti hotI hai| sUtrakAra ne parameSThI-namaskArarUpa maMgala kyoM nahIM kiyA ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki kiyA to hai kintu use zabdabaddha nahIM kiyA hai, kyoM ki ve anya ko saMkSipta hI rakhanA cAhate haiN| 5-'pramANa' zabda 'pra' upasarga aura 'mAG' dhAtu se banA hai / yahA~ 'pra' upasarga kA artha hai-prakarSa aura prakarSa kA tAtparya hai saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya kA abhAva / abhiprAya yaha nikalA ki jisake dvArA saMzayAdi kA vyavaccheda karake vastutattva jAnA jAya vaha 'pramANa' hai| pramANa pramiti arthAt jJapti meM sAdhakatama-karaNa hotA hai| uddeza Adi ke dvArA kisI vastu kA vicAra karanA 'mImAMsA' hai| zAstra kI pravRtti tIna taraha kI hotI hai-(1) uddeza (2) lakSaNa (3) priikssaa|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA tatra nAmadheyamAtrakIrtanamuddezaH, yathA idameva sUtram / uddiSTasyAsAdhAraNadharmavacanaM lakSaNam / tad dvedhA,sAmAnyalakSaNaM vizeSalakSaNaM ca / sAmAnyalakSaNamanantarameva sUtram / vizeSalakSaNam "vizadaH pratyakSam" [1. 1. 13] iti / vibhAgastu vizeSalakSaNasyaivA gamiti na pRthagucyate / lakSitasya 'idamitthaM bhavati nettham' iti nyAyataH parIkSaNaM parIkSA, yathA tRtIyaM sUtram / 6 pUjitavicAravacanazca mImAMsAzabdaH / tena na pramANamAtrasyaiva vicAro'trAdhikRtaH, kintu tadekadezabhUtAnAM durnayanirAkaraNadvAreNa parizodhitamArgANAM nayAnAmamapi "pramANanayairadhigamaH" [ tattvA0 1. 6] iti hi vAcakamukhyaH, sakalapuruSArtheSu mUrdhAbhiSiktasya sopAyasya sapratipakSasya mokSasya ca / evaM hi pUjito vicAro bhavati / ___kisI vastu ke sirpha nAma kA ullekha karanA uddeza hai, jaise prakRta sUtra-'atha pramANa mImAMsA' / yahA~ pramANa ke nAmamAtra kA hI ullekha hai / jisakA uddeza kiyA gayA hai, arthAt jisake nAma kA ullekhamAtra kiyA gayA hai, usake asAdhAraNa dharma kA-aise viziSTa dharma kA ki jo usake atirikta anyatra na milasake-kathana karanA lakSaNa kahalAtA hai| lakSaNa do prakAra ke haiM-sAmAnya lakSaNa aura vizeSa lakSaNa / sAmAnya lakSaNa kA udA. haraNa agalA-dUsarA sUtra hai, jisameM sAmAnya rUpa se pramANa kA svarUpa batalAyA hai| vizeSa kA udAharaNa-'vizadaH pratyakSam' arthAt vizada jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / 'pratyakSa' vizeSa pramANa hai / aura usakA isa sUtra meM lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai / vibhAga arthAt bheda, vizeSa lakSaNa kA hI aMga hai| vizeSa lakSaNoM se hI bheda kA patA cala jAtA hai / ataeva use alaga nahIM kahA hai / lakSaNa kA kathana karane ke pazcAta usa vastu kA yavitapUrvaka parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 'yaha aisA hai athavA nahIM hai' aisA vicAra karanA parIkSA hai| isa graMtha kA tIsarA sUtra parIkSA kA udAharaNa hai| 'mImAMsA kA artha hai pUjita (prazasta) vicAra aura pUjita vacana / mImAMsA zabda kA prayoga karake yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki isa grantha meM kevala pramANa kA hI vicAra prastuta nahIM hai, kintu pramANa ke eka aMzabhUta tathA durnaya kA nirAkaraNa karake pramANa ke mArga kA parizodhana karanevAle nayoM kA bhI vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| vAcaka umAsvAti ne kahA hai-'pramANanayaradhigamaH' arthAt pramANoM aura nayoM se hI tattvoM kA samyagjJAna hotA hai| pramANa evaM naya ke atirikta yahA~ saba puruSArthoM meM zreSTha mokSa kA bhI vicAra kiyA jAegA, mokSa ke upAyoM kA arthAt saMvara evaM nirjarA tattva kA tathA unake virodhI-Asrava tathA bandha Adi kA bhI vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| ina saba kA vicAra karanA hI pUjita vicAra hai|
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________________ pramANImAMsA 5 pramANamAtra vicArastu pratipakSa nirAkaraNaparyavasAyI vAkkalahamAtraM syAt / tadvivakSAyAM tu' atha pramANaparIkSA" [ pramANavarI0 pRSTha0 1] ityeva kriyeta / tat sthitametat-pramANaparizodhita prameyamArga sopAyaM sapratipakSaM mokSaM vivakSituM mImAMsAgrahaNamakAryAcAryeNeti / 1 / 7 tatra pramANasAmAnyalakSaNamAha samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam // 2 // 8' pramANam' iti lakSya nirdezaH, zeSaM lakSaNam, prasiddhAnuvAdena hyaprasiddhasya vidhAnaM lakSaNArthaH / yattadavivAdena pramANamiti dhammi prasiddhaM tasya samyagarthanirNayAtmakatvaM dharmo vidhIyate / aMtra pramANatvAditi hetu:, na ca dharmiNo hetutvamanupapannam ; bhavati hi vizeSe dhammiNi tatsAmAnyaM hetuH, yathA ayaM dhUmaH sAgniH, dhUmatvAt pUrvopalabdhadhUmavat / na ca dRSTAntamantareNa na gamakatvam; antarvyAptyaiva sAdhyasiddheH, 'sAtmakaM jIvaccharIram, prANAdimattvAt' ityAdivaditi darzayiSyate / sirpha pramANa kA vicAra karanA pratipakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane meM hI paryavasita hotA hai| aura vaha eka prakAra se vAkkalaha mAtra ho hai / yadi sirpha pramANa kA hI nirUpaNa karanA abhISTa hotA to sUtra kI racanA yoM kI hotI- 'atha pramANa parIkSA / ' ataeva yaha nizcita hai ki pramANa aura naya ke dvArA jisakA mArga anekAntamayasvarUpa parizodhita kiyA gayA hai aise mokSa kA bhI usake upAyoM aura virodhI tattvoM ke sAtha kathana karane ke abhiprAya se hI 'mImAMsA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / / 1 // pramANasAmAnya kA svarUpa - artha - padArtha kA samyak nizcaya pramANa kahalAtA hai / / 2 / / 8- sUtra meM 'pramANa' pada lakSya hai aura 'samyagarthanirNayaH' yaha pramANa kA lakSaNa hai / prasiddha vastu kA anuvAda karake aprasiddha kA vidhAna karanA lakSaNa kA pratipAdana karanA kahalAtA hai / yahA~ sAmAnyarUpa se 'pramANa' sabhI ko prasiddha hai / arthAt pramANa kA lakSaNa koI kucha bhI mAne tathApi pramANa sAmAnya to pratyeka vAdI ko mAnya ho hai / ( ataeva isa sUtra meM 'pramANa' zabda kA ullekha prasiddha kA anuvAda hai ) usameM samyagarthanirNAyakatva' dharma kA jo prativAdI ko prasiddha nahIM hai- vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ hetu 'pramANatva' hai / ataeva anumAna kA rUpa isa prakAra hogA - pramANa samyagartha nirNayAtmaka hai, kyoMki vaha pramANa hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakRta anumAna meM pakSa ko hI hetu banAyA gayA hai, so ucita nahIM hai / kintu isameM koI anaucitya nahIM samajhanA caahie| vAstava meM yahA~ pramANavizeSa pakSa hai aura pramANasAmAnya hetu hai, jaise yaha dhUma agnisahita hai, kyoMki dhUma hai, jaise pUrvopalabdha dhUma / jisa prakAra yahA~ viziSTa ( vivAdagrasta ) dhUma pakSa hai aura sAmAnya dhUma hetu hai, usI prakAra prakRta anumAna meM bhI samajha lenA cAhie / dRSTAMta ke binA hetu gamaka nahIM ho sakatA, aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai / antarvyApti se hI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / 'jItA huA zarIra AtmavAn hai kyoMki vaha prANAdi se yukta hai' isa
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 9 tatra nirNayaH saMzayA'nadhyavasAyAvikalpakatvarahitaM jJAnam / tato nirNayapadenAjJAnarUpasyendriyasannikarSAdeH, jJAnarUpasyApi saMzayAdeH pramANatvaniSedhaH / 10 aryate'rthyate vA artho heyopAdeyopekSaNIyalakSaNaH, heyasya hAtum, upAdeyasyopAdAtum, upekSaNIyasyopekSitumarthyamAnatvAt / na cAnupAdeyatvAdupekSaNIyo heya evAntarbhavati; aheyatvAdupAdeya evAntarbhAvaprasakteH / upekSaNIya eva ca mUrddhAbhiSikto'rthaH, yogibhistasyaivAryamANatvAt / asmadAdInAmapi heyopAdeyAbhyAM bhUyAnevopekSaNIyo'rthaH; tannAyamupekSituM kssmH| arthasya nirNaya iti karmaNi SaSTho,nirNIyamAnatvena vyApyatvAdarthasya / arthagrahaNaM ca svanirNayavyavacchedArtha tasya sato'pyalakSaNatvAditi vkssyaamH| anumAna meM koI udAharaNa na hone se bahirvyApti-udAharaNa nahIM hai, phira bhI hetu antarvyApti ke sAmarthya se gamaka hai, isI prakAra 'pramANatva' hetu bhI gamaka hai / isa para Age vicAra kreNge| 9-saMzaya, anadhyavasAya aura nirvikalpakatva1 se rahita jJAna nirNaya (nizcayAtmaka jJAna) kahalAtA hai / ataeba pramANa ke lakSaNa meM svIkRta 'nirNaya' zabda se ajJAnarUpa indriyasannikarSara ko tathA anizcita jJAnarUpa saMzaya Adi ko pramANatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 10-prayojana kI siddhi ke lie jisakI cAha kI jAtI hai, vaha 'artha' kahalAtA hai / artha tIna prakAra kA hai--(1) heya-tyAgane yogya (2) upAdeya-grahaNa karane yogya aura (3) upekSaNIya-upekSA karane yogya / heya padArtha ko tyAgane kI, upAdeya ko grahaNa karane kI aura upekSaNIya para upekSA karane kI icchA kI jAtI hai| kisI-kisI kA kahanA hai ki upekSaNIya padArtha upAdeya na hone ke kAraNa heya ke ho antagata hai, kintu yaha kathana yukta nhiiN| vaha heya bhI na hone se upAdeya ke antargata kyoM na mAnA jAya? vastutaH na heya aura na upAdeya hone ke kAraNa upekSaNIya padArtha bhinna hI hai| upekSaNIya padArtha hI pramukha hai, kyoMki yogI jana usako hI abhyarthanA-cAha karate haiN| hamAre liye bhI heya aura upAdeya padArtha. to kama haiM, magara upekSaNIya padArtha hI adhika haiN| ataeva upekSaNIya padArtha kI upekSA karanA ucita nahIM hai arthAt use heya kI koTi meM sammilita nahIM karanA caahiye| heya, upAdeya aura upekSaNIya artha kA nirNaya 'arthanirNaya' kahalAtA hai / yahA~ 'karma' meM SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki artha kA vyApya karma hai| sUtra meM 'artha' zabda kA grahaNa svanirNaya kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hai / yadyapi pramANa svanirNAyaka hotA hai, tathApi vaha pramANa kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, ise Age kheNge| 1- nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA se rahita sattAmAtra kA jJAna nirvikalpaka kahalAtA hai / 2- indriya aura grAhya viSaya kA sambandha /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 7 11 samyag - ityaviparItArthamavyayaM samaJcatervA rUpam / tacca nirNayasya vizeSaNam tasyaiva samyaktvA'samyaktvayogena vizeSTumucitatvAt ; arthastu svato na samyag nApyasamyagiti sambhavavyabhicArayorabhAvAnna vizeSaNIyaH / tena samyag yo'rthanirNaya iti vizeSaNAdviparyaya nirAsaH / tato'tivyAptyavyAptyasambhavadoSavikalamidaM pramANasAmAnyalakSaNam // 2 // 12 nanu arthanirNayavat svanirNayo'pi vRddheH pramANalakSaNatvenoktaH- "pramANaM svaparAbhAsi " ( nyAyAva 0 1 ) iti, "svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam" ( tattvArthazlokavA0 1. 10. 77 ) iti ca / na cAsAvasan, 'ghaTamahaM jAnAmi' ityAdau kartRkarmavat jJapterapyavabhAsamAnatvAt / na ca apratyakSopalambhasyArthadRSTiH prasiddhayati / na ca jJAnAntarAt tadupalambhasambhAvanam, tasyApyanupalabdhasya prastutopalambhapratyakSIkArAbhAvAt / 'samyak' yaha eka avyaya hai / jisakA artha hai - sahI arthAt viparIta nahIM / athavA 'sam' upasargapUrvaka 'aM' dhAtu se samyak' zabda banA hai / 'samyak' pada nirNaya kA vizeSaNa hai, kyoMki nirNaya hI samyak athavA asamyak ho sakatA hai / padArtha svayaM na samyak hotA hai na asamyak, ataeva usameM ( artha meM) samyak vizeSaNa lagAne kA koI aucitya nahIM hai / jahA~ saMbhava yA vyabhicAra ho vahIM vizeSaNa lagAnA sArthaka hotA hai / ataeva padArtha ke samyak nirNaya ko pramANa kahate haiM, aisA artha samajhanA cAhie / isa vizeSaNa se viparyaya jJAna kI pramANatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki 'nirNaya' pada se saMzaya, anadhyavasAya aura nirvikalpa jJAna kI pramANatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, magara viparyaya jJAna kI pramANatA kA niSedha usase nahIM hotA, kyoMki viparyaya jJAna nirNayarUpa hotA hai / ataeva usakA niSedha karane ke lie 'samyak' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| viparyaya jJAna meM bhI nirNaya to hotA hai parantu vaha samyak nahIM hotA / isa prakAra pramANa kA lakSaNa 1 ativyApti 2avyApti aura 3 asaMbhava doSa se rahita hai // 2 // 12 - zaMkA - prAcIna AcAryoM ne arthanirNaya ke samAna svanirNaya ko bhI pramANa kA lakSaNa kahA hai| jaise- 'pramANaM svaparAbhAsi' arthAt sva aura para ko jAnane vAlA (jJAna) hI pramANa hotA hai / tathA 'svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / arthAt jo jJAna apane svarUpa kA aura padArtha kA yathArtha rUpa se nizcaya karatA hai, vaha pramANa kahalAtA hai / yaha kathana asat bhI nahIM hai / 'maiM ghaTa ko jAnatA hU~' isa prakAra kI pratIti meM 'maiM' isa karttA aura 'ghaTa ko isa karma kA jaise bodha hotA hai, usI prakAra 'jAnatA hU~' isa jJaptikriyA kA arthAt jJAna kA bhI jJAna hotA hai / isake atirikta jisako jJAna kA jJAna nahIM hotA, use usa jJAna ke dvArA padArtha kA bhI jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / kadAcit kahA jAya ki dUsare jJAna se prathama jJAna jAnA jAtA hai aura prathama jJAna se padArtha jAna liyA jAtA hai, to yaha ThIka nhiiN| dUsarA jJAna bhI yadi ajJAta hogA to vaha prathama jJAna ko nahIM jAna sakegA / 1 lakSya aura usase bAhara alakSya meM bhI lakSaNa kA rahanA / 2 adhUre lakSya meM lakSaNa kA rahanA / 3 lakSya ke eka aMza meM bhI lakSaNa kA na pAyA jAnA /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA upalambhAntarasambhAvane cAnavasthA / arthopalambhAt tasyopalambhe anyonyAzrayadoSaH / etena 'arthasya sambhavo nopapadyata na cet jJAnaM syAt'ityarthApattyApi tadupalambhaH pratyuktaH, tasyA api jJApakatvenAjJAtAyA jJApakatvAyogAt / arthApattyantarAt tajjJAne anavasthetaretarAzrayadoSApattestadavasthaH pribhvH| tasmAdarthonmukhatayeva svonmukhatayApi jJAnasya pratibhAsAt svanirNayAtmakatvamapyasti / nanu anubhUteranubhAvyatve ghaTAdivadananubhUtitvaprasaMgaH, maivaM vocaH; jJAtuH jJAtRtveneva anubhUteranubhUtitvenaivAnubhavAt / na cAnubhUteranubhAvyatvaM doSaH; arthApekSayAnubhUtitvAt svApekSayA'nubhAvyatvAt, svapitRputrApekSayaikasya putratvapitRtvavat virodhAbhAvAt / na ca svAtmani kriyAvirodhaH, anumada siddhe'rthe dUsare jJAna ko jAnane ke lie yadi tIsare jJAna ko AvazyakatA mAnI jAya to aisA mAnane se anavasthA doSa ho jAyagA / yadi prathama jJAna (artha kA jJAna) dUsare (jJAna ke jJAna)ko aura dUsarA prathama ko jAna letA hai. aisI kalpanA ko jAya to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / arthAt svayaM ajJAta hone ke kAraNa prathama jJAna dUsare jJAna ko nahIM jAna sakatA, isI prakAra dUsarA jJAna prathama jJAna ko nahIM jAna sakatA / donoM hI jaba ajJAta haiM aura Apasa meM hI eka dUsare ko jAna sakate haiM to pahale kauna kise jAnegA ? - "yadi jJAna na hotA to 'padArtha hai' aisA vyavahAra na hotA, parantu 'padArtha hai aisA vyavahAra ho rahA hai, ataeva mujhe jJAna huA hai", isa prakAra kI arthApatti se jJAna kA jJAna hai; yaha vicAra bhI yogya nahIM hai / arthApatti bhI jJApaka hai, ataeva jaba taka vaha svayaM ajJAta hai taba taka jJApaka nahIM ho sktii| dUsarI arthApatti se pahalo arthApatti kA jJAna mAnane para pUrvavat anavasthA aura itaretarAzraya doSoM kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra jJAna jaise artha kI ora unmukha hokara artha ko jAnatA hai, usI prakAra sva (jJAna) kI ora unmukha hokara sva ko bhI jAnatA hai / ataeva vaha arthanirNAyaka kI taraha svanirNAyaka bhI hai| jJAna yadi apane ko jAnatA hai to jJeya ho jAyagA aura jJeya hone ke kAraNa ghaTa Adi ke samAna jJAna nahIM rahegA / yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM / jJAtA (ahaMkartA) kA jaba jJAna hotA hai, to vaha bhI jJeya hotA hai / parantu jJAtA ke rUpa meM hI vaha jJeya hotA hai, ataeva jJeya hone para bhI usake jJAtRtva meM koI kSati nahIM hotii| isI prakAra jJAna jaba apane Apako jAnatA hai to vaha apanA jJeya bana jAtA hai, kintu jJAna rUpa meM hI vaha jJeya hotA hai, ataeva usake jJAnatva meM koI kSati nahIM hotii| jJAna jJeya ho jAya,yaha koI doSa nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha artha. kI apekSA jJAna hai aura apanI apekSA se jJeya hotA hai / eka hI puruSa apane pitA kI apekSA se putra aura putra ko apekSA se pitA hotA hai-usake pitA aura putra hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai,isI prakAra jJAna padArtha kI apekSA se jJAna aura apanI apekSA se jJeya hotA hai, isameM bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| jaise talavAra apane-Apako nahIM kATa sakatI, usI prakAra jJAna apane ko nahIM jAna sakatA, kyoMki apane-ApameM kriyA kA virodha hai aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| jo bAta anubhava se siddhahai ,
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 9 virodhAsiddheH / anumAnAcca svasaMvedanasiddhiH, tathA hi-jJAnaM prakAzamAnamevArthaM prakAzati, prakAzakatvAt, pradIpavat / saMvedanasya prakAzyatvAt prakAzakatvamasiddhamiti cet, na; ajJAnanirAsAdidvAreNa prakAzakatvopapatteH na ca netrAdibhiranaikAntikatA, teSAM bhAvendriyarUpANAmeva prakAzakatvAt / bhAvendriyANAM ca svasaMvedanarUpataiveti na vyabhicAraH / tathA saMvit svaprakAzA, arthapratItitvAt, yaH svaprakAzo na bhavati nAsAvarthapratItiH yathA ghaTaH / tathA-yat jJAnaM tat AtmabodhaM pratyanapekSitaparavyApAram, yathA gocarAntagrAhijJAnAt prAgbhAvi gocarAntaragrAhijJAnaprabandhasyAntyajJAnam, jJAnaM ca vivAdAdhyAsitaM rUpAdijJAnamiti / usameM virodha nahIM ho sakatA / anumAna pramANa se bhI jJAna kA svasaMvedana siddha hotA hai / yathA( 1 ) jJAna svayaM prakAzamAna hotA huA ho padArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai, kyoMki vaha prakAzaka hai jo-jo prakAzaka hote haiM ve svayaM prakAzamAna hote hue hI padArtha ko prakAzita karate haiM, jaise dIpaka / jJAna svasaMvedanazIla hone se prakAzya hai use prakAzaka mAnanA asiddha hai, aisI AzaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie, ajJAna-saMzaya Adi kA nivAraNa karane ke kAraNa vaha prakAzaka hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki netra svayaM prakAzamAna na hone para bhI para prakAzaka hote haiM, ataeva ApakA prakAzakatva hetu anaikAntika hai, kintu yaha satya nahIM hai, vAstava meM bhAvendriyA~ hI prakAzaka hotI haiM aura ve svayaMprakAzamAna bhI hotI haiM / (2) jJAna svaprakAzaka hai, kyoMki artha kA prakAzaka hai / jo sva-prakAzaka nahIM hotA, vaha artha - prakAzaka bhI nahIM hotA, jaise ghaTa / (3) jJAna apane-Apako jAnane meM kisI dUsare jJAna kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, kyoMki jo jJAna hote haiM ve apane jAnane meM dUsare jJAna ko apekSA nahIM rakhate haiM, jaise viSayAntara ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna se pahale hone vAlA viSayAntaragrAhI jJAna pravAhakA antima jJAna / rUpAdi kA jJAna mI jJAna hai, ataeva use jAnane ke lie bhI dUsare jJAna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI / tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI vyakti ko abhI ghaTakA jJAna ho rahA hai-ghaTajJAna kA pravAha cala rahA hai | upayoga badalA aura paTa vAlA jJAna hone lagA / yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki jaba taka ghaTajJAna kA pravAha cala rahA thA taba taka to yaha kahA jA sakatA thA ki uttara-uttara kA ghaTajJAna pUrva-pUrva ke ghaTajJAna ko jAnatA hai, kintu isI pravAha ke antimakSaNavartI ghaTajJAna ko kauna jAnegA ? smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki usako paTajJAna utpanna huA hai aura paTajJAna apane pUrvavartI ghaTajJAna ko nahIM jAna sakatA vaha to paTa ko hI jAnegA / aisI sthiti meM mAnanA hI paDegA ki vaha ghaTajJAna apane ko Apa hI jAnatA hai, to jaise ghaTajJAna ke pravAha kA antima jJAna apane ko svayaM jAnatA hai, usI prakAra pUrvavartI ghaTajJAna bhI apane ko svayaM hI jAnate haiM /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA saMvit svaprakAza svAvAntarajAtIyaM nApekSate, vastutvAt, ghaTavat saMvit paraprakAzyA vastutvAt ghaTavaditi cet, na; asyAprayojakatvAt, na khalu ghaTasya vastutvAt paraprakAzyatA, api tu buddhivyatiriktatvAt / tasmAt svanirNayo pramANalakSaNamastvityAzaGkayAha svanirNayaH sannapyalakSaNam, apramANe'pi bhAvAt // 3 // 13-sannapi-iti paroktamanumodate / ayamarthaH-na hi 'asti' ityeva sarva lakSaNatvena vAcyaM kintu yo dharmo vipakSAvyAvarttate / svanirNayastu apramANe'pi saMzayAdau vartate; nahi kAcit jJAnamAtrA sAsti yA na svasaMviditA nAma / tato na svanirNayo lakSaNamukto'smAbhiH, vRddhastu parIkSArthamupakSipta ityadoSaH // 3 // 14-nanu ca paricchinnamartha paricchindatA pramANena piSTaM piSTaM syAt / (4) jJAna apane prakAza meM apane avAntarajAtIya-sajAtIya jJAnAntara kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, kyoMki vaha vastu hai, jo jo vastu hai vaha vaha apane prakAza meM apane avAntara jAtIya kI apekSA nahIM rakhatI, jaise ghaTa / arthAt jaise ghaTa ko jAnane ke lie dUsare ghara kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, usI prakAra jJAna ko jAnane ke lie dUsare jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| kadAcit koI kahe ki jJAna vastu hone ke kAraNa ghaTa kI taraha para-prakAzya hai, to yaha ThIka nahIM / ghaTa vastu hone ke kAraNa para-prakAzya nahIM hai, kintu buddhi bhinna-ajJAnarUpa hone se paraprakAzya hai| isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki jJAna artha ke samAna sva kA bhI nirNaya karatA hai / ataH svanirNaya ko bhI pramANa kA lakSaNa kahanA cAhie / isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie AcArya kahate haiM svanirNaya ityAdi / jJAna sva kA nizcAyaka hai, phira bhI vaha pramANa kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, kyoMki svanirNaya apramANa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai // 3 // 13-jJAna sva kA nirNAyaka hai aisA kaha kara prAcIna AcAryoM ke ukta kathana kA anumodana kiyA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai-kisI vastumeM jo jo dharma haiM una sabako lakSaNa rUpase nahIM kahA jaataa| lakSaNa to vahI dharma ho sakatA hai, jo use vipakSa arthAt alakSya se bhinna karatA ho-jo dharma asAdhAraNa ho / koI bhI jJAna aisA nahIM hai jo svasaMvedI na ho, arthAt pramANabhUta jJAna bhI svasaMvedI hotA hai aura apramANabhUta jJAna bhI svasaMvedI hotA hai / isa kAraNa hamane svasaMvedana ko pramANa kA lakSaNa nahIM kahA / vRddha AcAryoM ne parIkSA ke lie use pramANa ke lakSaNa meM sammilita kiyA hai // 3 // 14-zaMkA-jAne hue padArtha ko jAnanevAlA jJAna piSTapeSaNa hI karatA hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 11 tathA ca gRhItagrAhiNAM dhArAvAhijJAnAnAmapi prAmANyaprasaMga: / tato'pUrvArthanirNaya ityastu lakSaNam, yathAhuH - "svApUrvArthi vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam" [ parIkSA mu0 1.1.] iti, " tatrApUrvArthavijJAnam" iti ca / tatrAhagrahISyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi nAprAmANyam // 4 // 15-ayamarthaH--dravyApekSayA vA gRhItagrAhitvaM vipratiSidhyeta, paryAyApekSayA vA? tatra paryAyApekSayA dhArAvAhijJAnAnAmapi gRhItagrAhitvaM na sambhavati, kSaNikatvAt paryAyANAm ; tatkathaM tannivRttyarthaM vizeSaNamupAdIyeta ? atha dravyApekSayA ; tadapyayuktam ; dravyasya nityatvAdekatvena gRhItagrahISya mAgAvasthayorna bhedaH / tatazca kaM vizeSamAzritya use pramANa mAnane para gRhItagrAhI dhArAvAhika jJAna bhI pramANa ho jAe~ge / ataeva 'arthanirNaya' ke sthAnapara 'apUrva arthanirNaya' ko pramANa kahanA cAhie, arthAt jo jJAna pahale nahIM jAne hue padArtha kA nizcaya karatA hai, vahI pramANa hai, aisA kahanA caahie| kahA bhI hai'svA pUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam' arthAt jo jJAna apanA aura apUrva artha kA nirNaya karatA hai, vahI pramANa hai / tathA 'tatrA pUrvArthavijJAnam' ityAdi / yahA~ bhI apUrvArthagrAhI jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA hai| isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai grahISyamANa ityAdi - jaise bhaviSya meM grahaNa kiyejane vAle padArtha ko vartamAna meM grahaNa karanevalA jJAna apramANa nahIM hai, isI prakAra pUrvagRhIta padArtha ko vartamAna meM grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna bhI apramANa nahIM hai // 4 // 15 - abhiprAya yaha hai - jJAna dravya kI apekSA se gRhIta hI hotA hai yA paryAya kI apekSA se ? inameM se kisa gRhatagrAhI jJAna kI pramANatA kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai ? yadi paryAya kI apekSA jJAna ko gRhItagra hI kahA jAya to dhArAvAhika ( yaha ghaTa hai yaha ghaTa hai isa prakAra lagAtAra honevAle ) jJAna bhI gRhItagrAhI nahIM ho sakate, kyoM ki paryAya kSaNika hote haiM / prathama jJAna ke dvArA jo paryAya jAnA jAtA hai, vahI dUsare jJAna ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| kyoM ki dUsare jJAna ke samaya prathama paryAya rahatA hI nahIM hai / ataeva dhArAvAhika jJAna bhI apUrva - apUrva paryAya ko hI jAnate haiM / to phira unakI pramANatA kI nivRtti ke lie apUrva vizeSaNa lagAne kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? dravya kI apekSA se ina jJAnoM ko gRhItagrAhI mAnanA bhI yogya nahIM, kyoMki dravya nitya hai - trikAla meM ekarUpa rahatA hai, ataeva gRhIta aura grahISyamANa avasthAoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai / ataeva jaise gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko apramANa mAnate ho, usI prakAra graha SyamANagrAhI ko bhI apramANa mAnanA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki vartamAna meM kisI padArtha ko grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna isa kAraNa apramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA ki vaha padArtha bhaviSyat kAla meM bhI grahaNa kiyA jAyagA / isI prakAra bhUtakAla meM grahaNa kiye hue padArtha ko vartamAna meM grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna bhI aprAga nahIM ho sakatA / jaba grahISyamANa avasthA aura gRhIta avasthAoM meM koI antara nahIM hai- donoM meM eka hI dravya vidyamAna rahatA hai, taba kisa vizeSatA ke AdhAra para
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________________ 12 pramANamImAMsA grahISyamANagrAhiNaHprAmANyama,na gRhItagrAhiNaH? api ca avagrahehAdInAM gRhItagrAhitve'pi prAmANya miSyata eva / na caiSAM bhinnaviSayatvam ; evaM zavagRhItasya anIhanAt, Ihitasya anizcayAdasamaJjasamApadyeta / na ca paryAyApekSayA anadhigatavizeSAvasAyAdapUrvArthatvaM vAcyam ; evaM hi na kasyacid gRhItagrAhitvamityuktaprAyam / 16. smRtezca pramANatvenAbhyupagatAyA gRhItagrAhitvameva satattvam / yairapi smRteraprAmANya miSTaM tairapyarthAdanutpAda eva hetutvenokto na gRhItagrAhitvam, yadAha "na smRterapramANatvaM gRhiitgraahitaakRtm| api tvanarthajanyatvaM tadaprAmANyakAraNam" / nyAyama0 pR0 63 ] 17-atha pramANalakSaNapratikSiptAnAM saMzayAnadhyavasAyaviparyayANAM lakSaNamAha anubhayatrobhayakoTisparzI pratyayaH saMzayaH // 5 // 18.anubhayasvabhAve vastuni ubhayAntaparimarzanazIlaM jJAnaM sarvAtmanA zeta ivAtmA yasmin sati sa saMzayaH, yathA andhakAre dUrAdUrvAkAravastUpalambhAt sAdhakabAdhaka pramANAbhAve sati 'sthANurvA puruSo vA' iti pratyayaH / grahISyamANagrAhI jJAna ko pramANa aura gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko apramANa mAnA jAtA hai ? isake atirikta avagraha, IhA,avAya Adi jJAna grahItagrAhI hone para bhI pramANa mAne ho jAte haiM / ina jJAnoM kA viSaya bhinna-bhinna dravya nahIM hotA / yadi ina jJAnoM ke dravya bhinna bhinna mAne jAyeMge to avagraha ke dvArA jAnA huvA dravya IhA kA viSaya nahIM ho sakegA aura IhA ke viSAbhUta dravya kA avAyadi ke dvArA nizcaya nahIM ho skegaa| isa prakAra saba asamaMjasa ho jaaegaa| yadi aisA kaheM ki paryAya kI apekSA se (inake viSayoMmeM vibhinnatA hone ke kAraNa) uttarottara jJAna agRhIta viSaya kA nizcaya karate haiM ataH ina sabhI jJAnoM ke viSaya apUrva hote haiN| to yaha ThIka nahIM hogA, kyoMki aisA mAnane para koI bhI jJAna gRhItagra ho nahIM ho skegaa| yaha bAta kahI jA cukI hai| 16-smRti ko pramANa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha gRhItagrAhI hI hai / jina logoM ne smRti ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai unhoMne bhI isake lie " padArtha se utpanna na honA" kAraNa batAyA hai, na ki gRhaM tagrAhitA ko / jaisA ki kahA hai-na smRteH" ityAdi / smRti kI apramANatA gRhItagrAhitAke kAraNa nahIM, apitu 'padArtha se utpanna na honA' usako apramANatA kA kAraNa hai| 17-aba pramANalakSaNa ke prasaMgapara niSedha ke liye prastuta saMzaya, anadhyavasAya aura viparyaya ke lakSaNa kahate haiN| [anubhayatra 0 iti] jisa vastu meM do dharma nahIM haiM, usameM do dharmoM ko sparza karane anizcita rUpa se jAnane vAlA jJAna saMzaya kahalAtA hai|||5|| 18-ubhaya svabhAva se rahita vastu meM ubhaya dharmo-koTiyoM kA sparza karane vAlA jJAna saMzaya kahA gayA hai / isameM AtmA pUrI taraha so sA jAtA hai| halkA andhakAra ho,dUra se U~cI koI vastu dikhAI detI ho aura sAdhaka-bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva ho-usa samaya 'yaha DhUMTha khaDA hai yA puruSa ?' isa prakAra kA jo sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai vaha saMzaya hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA anubhayatragrahaNamubhayarUpe vastunyubhayakoTisaMsparza'pi saMzayatvanirAkaraNArtham, yathA 'asti ca nAsti ca ghaTaH', nityazcAnityazcAtmA' ityAdi // 5 // vizeSAnullekhyanadhyavasAyaH // 6 // 19. dUrAndhakArAdivazAdasAdhAraNadharmAvamarzarahitaH pratyayaH anizcayAtmakatvAt anadhyavasAyaH, yathA 'kimetat' iti / yadapyavikalpakaM prathamakSaNabhAvi pareSAM pratyakSapramANa venAbhimataM tadapyanadhyavasAya eva,vizeSollekhasya tatrApyabhAvAditi // 6 // atasmiMstadeveti vipryyH||7|| 20. yat jJAne pratibhAsate tadrUparahite vastuni 'tadeva' iti pratyayo viparyAsarUpatvAdviparyayaH, yathA dhAtuvaiSamyAnmadhurAdiSu dravyeSu tiktAdipratyayaH, timirAdidoSAt ekasminnapi candre dvicandrAdipratyayaH,nauyAnAt agacchatsvapi vRkSeSu gacchatpratyayaH AzubhramaNAt alAtAdAvacakre'pi cakrapratyaya iti / avasitaM pramANalakSaNam // 7 // U~cAI ,Tha meM bhI hotI hai, puruSa meM bhI hotI hai usakA jJAna to hotA hai / kintu puruSa aura dUMTha meM pAye jAne vAle vizeSa dharma mAlUma nahIM hote / isa kAraNa eka hI vastu meM sthANutva aura puruSatva, yaha do koTiyA~ pratIta hoto haiM, parantu nizcaya kisI kA ho nahIM paataa| aise jJAna ko saMzaya samajhanA caahie| sUtra meM 'anubhayatra' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa bAtako prakaTa karane ke lie hai ki jisa vastu meM donoM hI dharma vidyamAna hoM, usameM yadi donoM dharmoM kA bodha ho to vaha saMzaya nahIM kahalAegA / jaise-ghaTa sva-rUpa se hai aura para-rUpa se nahIM hai, AtmA nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai| ityAdi // 6 // anadhyavasAyakA lakSaNa vizeSa kA ullekha na karane vAlA jJAna anadhyavasAya kahalAtA hai / / 6 // 19-dUro,andhakAra adikAraNoM se asAdhAraNa dharma ke vicAra se rahita jJAna anizcayAtmaka hone se anadhyavasAya kahalAtA hai| jaise-'yaha kyA hai !' isa prakAra kA jJAna / prathama kSaNa meM utpanna hone vAlA nirvikalpaka jJAna bhI, jise bauddha pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM, vAstava meM anadhyavasAya ho hai, kyoMki usameM bhI vizeSa dharma kA ullekha nahIM hotA hai // 6 // jJAna kA lakSaNa atadrUpa vastu meM tadrUpatA kA nizcaya ho jAnA viparyaya jJAna kahalAtA hai|||7|| 22-jJAna meM jo vastu pratIta ho rahI hai vaha vAstava meM na ho phira bhI usakI nizcayAtmaka pratIti honA viparyaya jJAna hai, kyoMki vaha viparIta hai| udAharaNArtha-dhAtu ( pitta ) ko viSamatA se madhura dravyoM kA kaTuka pratIta honA, timira roga Adi doSa ke kAraNa eka hI candramA meM do candramA Adi kA pratIta honA, vega ke sAtha naukA ke calane se nahIM calate hue vRkSoM kA bhI calanA pratIta honA yA zIghra bhramaNa ke kAraNa acakra rUpa alAta Adi kA cakra ke rUpa meM pratibhAsa honA / yahA~ pramANa kA lakSaNa samApta huA // 7 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA - 21. nanu astUktalakSaNaM pramANam: tatprAmANyaM tu svataH, parato vA nizcIyeta? na tAvat svataH; taddhi zva (sva) saMviditatvAt jJAnamityeva gRhaNIyAt, na punaH samyaktvalakSaNaM prAmANyam, jJAnatvamAtraM tu pramANAbhAsasAdhAraNam / api ca svataHprAmANye sarveSAmavipratipattiprasaGgaH / nApi parataH; paraM hi tadgocaragocaraM vA jJAnam abhyupeyeta, arthakriyAnirbhAsaM vA, tadgocaranAntarIyakArthadarzanaM vA? tacca sarva svato'navadhRtaprAmANyamavyavasthitaM sat kathaM pUrva pravartakaM jJAnaM vyavasthApayet ? svato vA'sya prAmANye ko'parAdhaH pravartakajJAnasya yena tasyApi tanna syAt ? na ca prAmANyaM jJAyate svata ityuktameva, paratastvanavasthetyAzaGkayAha - prAmANyanizcayaH svataH parato vA // 8 // 22-prAmANyanizcayaH kvacit svataH yathA'bhyAsadazApanne svakaratalAdijJAne, snAnapAnAvagAhanodanyopazamAdAvarthakriyAni se vA pratyakSajJAne; nahi tatra parIkSA 21-zaMkA-Apane pramANa kA jo lakSaNa kahA, so ThIka hai, parantu usako pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH hotA hai yA parataH ? arthAt vahI pramANa apanI pramANatA kA nizcaya kara letA hai athavA kisI dUsare pramANa se usakA nizcaya hotA hai ? pratyeka jJAna svasaMvedI hai, ataeva pramANabhUta jJAna apane jJAnatva ke svarUpa ko to svayaM hI jAna legA, parantu apane samyakpana-pramANatva ko svataH nahIM jAna sakatA / aura jJAnatva to pramANAbhAsa meM bhI samAna rUpa se rahatA hai / isake atirikta yadi prAmANya kA jJAna svataH ho jAya to kisI ko vipratipatti nahIM honI caahie| yadi pramANatA kisI dUsare jJAna se jAnI jAtI hai to vaha dUsarA jJAna kauna-sA hai ? prathama jJAna ke viSaya ko hI grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna, arthakriyA kA jJAna athavA prathama jJAna ke viSaya (jaise agni) ke vinA na hone vAle padArtha (dhama) kA jJAna ? ina tInoM hI jJAnoM kI pramANatA kA jaba taka nizcaya nahIM ho jAegA taba taka ye jJAna prathama jJAna kI pramANatA ke nizcAyaka nahIM ho sakate, yadi ina jJAnoM ko pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH ho jAtA hai to prathama jJAna ne kyA aparAdha kiyA hai jisase vaha bhI apanI pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH na kara sake ? kadAcit kahA jAya ki ina jJAnoM ko pramANatA bhI parataH-dUsare jJAna se nizcita hotI hai to anavasthA doSa ko prApti hotI hai, arthAt jaise prathama jJAna kI pramANatA kA. nizcaya karane ke lie dUsare jJAna ko AvazyakatA paDo vaise ho dUsare jJAna ko pramANatA ke nizcaya ke lie tIsare kI AvazyakatA hogii| isI prakAra Age bhI anyAnya jJAnoM kI kalpanA karate-karate kahIM anta hI nahIM hogaa| isa AzaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie agalA sUtra hai| artha-jJAna kI pramANatA kA nizcaya kabhI svataH aura kabhI parataH hotA hai // 8 // - jaba hameM apanI holo Adi abhyasta vastu kA pratyakSa hotA hai athavA snAna, pAna abagAhana, pipAsA kI upazAnti Adi arthakriyA kA pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai, taba pratyakSa kI pramANatA kA svataH nizcaya ho jAtA hai / buddhimAnoM ko aise jJAnoM ke prAmANya kI parIkSA karane
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________________ pramANamImAMsA kakSAsti prekSAvatAm,tathA hi-jalajJAnam,tato dAhapipAsAtasya tatra pravattiH tatastatprAptiH, tataH snAnapAnAdIni, tato dAhodanyopazama ityetAvataiva bhavati kRtI pramAtA, na punardAhodanyopazamajJAnamapi parIkSate,ityasya svataH prAmANyam / anumAne tu sarvasminnapi sarvathA nirastasamastavyabhicArAzaGke svata eva prAmANyam, avyabhicAriligasamutthatvAt ; na liGgAkAraM jJAnaM ligaM vinA, na ca ligaM liginaM vineti / 23 kvacit parataH prAmANya nizcayaH,yathA anabhyAsadazApanne pratyakSe / nahi tat arthena gRhItAvyabhicAramiti tadekaviSayAt saMvAdakAt jJAnAntarAdvA arthakriyAni - sAdvA, nAntarIyArthadarzanAdvA tasya prAmANyaM nishciiyte| teSAM ca svataH prAmANya nishcyaanaanvsthaadidausthyaavkaashH| 24.zAbde tupramANe dRSTArthe'rthAvyabhicArasya duInatvAt saMvAdAdyadhInaH parataH prAmANyanizcayaH; adRSTArthe tu dRSTArthagrahoparAga-naSTa-muSTayAdipratipAdakAnAM saMvAdena prAmANyaM nizcitya saMvAdamantareNApyAptokttatvenaiva prAmANyanizcaya iti sarvamupapannam / kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| dAha yA pyAsa se pIDita manuSya ko jaba jala kA jJAna hotA hai to vaha 'jala hai' aisA jJAna hote hI usameM pravRtti karatA hai. jala kI prApti hotI hai, jalaprapti hone para usameM snAna karatA hai, pyAsA ho to use pItA hai, aura usakI dAha yA pyAsa bujha jAtI hai / isI se pramAtA kRtArtha ho jAtA hai / dAha yA pyAsa bujhane ke jJAna kI pramANatA kI parIkSA nahIM karatA / arthAt vaha dAha yA pipAsA zAnta hone kA anubhava karatA hai aura usa anubhava kI sacAI kA nizcaya karane ke lie dUsare pramANa kI khoja nahIM karatA use apane usa anubhava ko prAmANikatA svataH hI pratIta hotI hai / jinameM kisI bhI prakAra ke doSa kI AzaMkA nahIM hai to una saba anumAnoM meM bhI svataH pramANatA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ve avyabhicArata liMga (sAdhana) se utpanna hote haiM / sAdhana (dhUma) kA jJAna sAdhana ke hue binA nahIM ho sakatA aura sAdhana, sAdhya (agni) ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| kahIM-kahIM prAmANya kA nizcaya parataH (dUsare jJAna se) bhI hotA hai| jaba kisI anabhyasta vastu kA pratyakSa hotA hai taba usa pratyakSa kA padArya ke sAtha avyabhicAra nizcita nahIM hotA, aisI sthiti meM kisI anya jJAna se hI usako pramANatA kA nizcaya ho sakatA hai| vaha dUsarA jJAna yAto prathama jJAna ke viSaya ko jAnane vAlA usakA poSaka ho, arthakriyA kA jJAna ho athavA (prathama jJAna dvArA pradarzita padArtha ke) avinAbhAvI padArtha kA darzana ho| ina tInoM jJAnoM kI pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH hI hotA hai, ataeva anavasthA Adi doSoM ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai| __ jo Agama pratyakSa artha kA pratipAdaka hai, usakI pramANatA yadi durjeya ho to vaha saMvAda Adi se nizcita hotI hai| pratyakSa dIkhane vAle grahoparAga, naSTa, muSTi Adi ke pratipAdaka vAkyoM kI pramANatA saMvAda ke dvArA nizcita karane se adRSTa (parokSa) padArtha ke pratipAdaka Agama ko pramANatA saMvAda ke binA bhI, kevala Aptakathita hone se hI nizcita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra jJAna kI pramANatA kA nizcaya karane meM koI gar3abar3a nahIM hotii|
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________________ 16 pramANamImAMsA 25. "arthopalabdhihetuH pramANam" iti naiyAyikAH / tatrArthopalabdhau hetutvaM yadi nimittatvamAtram ; tadA tat sarvakArakasAdhAraNamiti kartRkarmAderapi pramANatvaprasaMgaH / atha kartRkarmAdivilakSaNaM karaNaM hetuzabdena vivakSitam ; tarhi tat jJAnameva yuktaM nendriyasannikarSAdi, yasmin hi satyartha upalabdho bhavati sa tatkaraNam / na indriyasannikarSasAmagyAdau satyapi jJAnAbhAve sa bhavati, sAdhakatamaM hi karaNamavyavahitaphalaM ca tadiSyate, vyavahitaphalasyApi karaNatve dadhibhojanAderapi tathAprasaGgaH / tanna jJAnAdanyatra pramANatvam, anyatropacArAt / 26-"samyaganubhavasAdhanaM pramANam" (nyAyasA* pR0 1) ityatrApi sAdhanagrahaNAt kartRkarmanirAsena karaNasya pramANatvaM sidhyati, tathApyavyavahitaphalatvena sAdhakatamatvaM jJAnasyaiveti tadeva pramANatvenaiSTavyam / 27-"pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam" (pramANavA0 2. 1) iti saugtaaH| tatrApi yadya vikalpakaM jJAnam ; tadA na tad vyavahArajananasamartham / sAMvyavahArikasya caitat pramANasya (aba parAbhimata pramANalakSaNoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai|) 25-naiyAyika mata ke anusAra artha kI upalabdhi arthat jJapti meM jo hetu ho vahI pramANa hai| isa lakSaNa meM 'hetu' zabda se yadi 'nimittatva mAtra' artha liyA jAya to yaha nimitta sabhI karaNoM meM samAna hai, ataeva kartA aura karma Adi bhI pramANa ho jaaeNge| tAtparya yaha hai ki artha (prameya) kI upalabdhi meM prameya (karma) bhI nimitta hotA hai aura pramAtA (kartA) bhI nimitta hotA hai / ataeva prameya aura pramAtA ko bhI pramANa mAnanA pddegaa| ___yadi hetu' zabda kA artha kartA aura karma se vilakSaNa kevala 'karaNa' hI mAnA jAya arthata arthopalabdhi ke karaNa ko ho pramANa kahA jAya to phira jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie, indriyasannikarSa Adi ko nahIM, jisake hone para artha upalabdha hotA hai, vahI artha kI upalabdhi meM karaNa ho sakatA hai| indriyasannikarSa Adi sAmagrI ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI jJAna ke abhAva meM artha kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI (ataeva vaha karaNa nahIM hai / ) karaNa sAdhakatama hotA hai aura usake hone para kArya kI utpatti meM vyavadhAna nahIM hotaa| jisake hone para bhI kArya kI utpatti meM vyavadhAna ho, use bhI yadi karaNa mAnA jAya to dadhi bhojana Adi ko bhI karaNa (aura karaNa hone se pramANa) mAnanA paDegA / ataeva upacAra ke sivAya jJAna se bhinna sannikarSa Adi pramANa nahIM ho skte| 26- samyak anubhava kA sAdhana pramANa kahalAtA hai'isa lakSaNa meM bhI sAdhana'zabda se kartA aura karma kA nirAkaraNa karake karaNa ko hI pramANatA siddha hotI hai / aura avyavahita phala (kArya) vAlA hone se jJAna hI sAdhakatama hai, ataeva jJAna ko hI pramANa svIkAra karanA caahie| - bauddhamata meM avisaMvAdI arthAt saphala kriyAjanaka jJAna pramANa mAnA gayA hai| kintu jJAna yadi nirvikalpaka hogA to vaha vyavahArajanaka nahIM ho sakatA / Apa sAMvyavahArika pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM nirvikalpaka jJAna kaise pramANa ho sakatA hai ?
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________________ pramANamImAMsA lakSaNamiti ca bhavantaH, tatkathaM tasya prAmANyam? uttarakAlabhAvino vyavahArajananasamarthAdvikalpAt tasya prAmANye yAcitakamaNDananyAyaH, varaM ca vyavahArahetovikalpasyaiva prAmANyamabhyupagantum ; evaM hi paramparAparizramaH parihato bhvti| vikalpasya cAprAmANye kathaM tannimitto vyavahAro'visaMvAdI ? dRSTa (zya) vikalpa (lpya)yorarthayorekIkaraNena taimirikajJAnavat saMvAdAbhyupagame copacaritaM saMvAditvaM syAt / tasmAdanupacaritamavisaMvAditvaM pramANasya lakSaNamicchatA nirNayaH pramANameSTavya iti // 8 // 28-pramANasAmAnyalakSaNamuktvA parIkSya ca vizeSalakSaNaM vaktukAmo vibhAgamantareNa tadvacanasyAzakyatvAt vibhAgapratipAdanArthamAha pramANaM didhA // 9 // 29-sAmAnyalakSaNasUtre pramANagrahaNaM parIkSayAntaritamiti na 'tadA' parAmaSTaM kintu sAkSAdevoktaM pramANam-iti |dvidhaa dvi prakArameva, vibhaagsyaavdhaarnnphltvaat| tena pratyakSamevaikaM pramANamiti cArvAkAH, pratkSAnumAnAgamAH pramANamiti vaishessikaaH| _____ kadAcit yaha kahA jAya ki nirvikalpaka jJAna ke pazcAt savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| usako utpanna karane ke kAraNa nirvikalpa jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai / so yaha to mAMge hue AbhUSaNoM se zobhA bar3hAnA hai / isase to yahI acchA hai ki vyavahAra ko utpanna karane vAle savikalpa jJAna ko hI pramANa mAna liyA jAya / aisA mAnane se paramparA-parizrama nahIM karanA pdd'taa| isake atirikta, vikalpa jJAna ko apramANa mAnane para usake nimitta se hone vAlA vyavahAra avisaMvAdI kaise ho sakatA hai ? dRzya (nirvikalpa ke viSaya) kA aura vikalpa (savikalpa jJAna ke viSaya) kA ekIkaraNa kara lene se, taimirika jJAna ke samAna, saMvAda svIkAra karoge to usakA saMvAdakatva upacarita hI hogaa| ataH yadi bauddha vAstavika avisaMvAdI jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnanA cAhate haiM to unheM nirNaya-savikalpa-nizcayAtmaka-jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnanA caahie| 28-pramANa kA lakSaNa batalAyA jA cukA hai / usakI parIkSA bhI kI jA cukI hai| aba pramANavizeSa kA lakSaNa kahanA hai / kintu pramANa ke bhedoM kA kathana kiye vinA vizeSa lakSaNa batalAnA saMbhava nahIM / ataeva bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM artha-pramANa do prakAra kA hai // 9 // 29-yadyapi pramANasAmAnya ke lakSaNa vAle sUtra (sUtra 2) meM 'pramANa' zabda kA grahaNa kiyA hai, phira bhI yahA~ usake lie 'tat' zabda kA prayoga na karake sAkSAt 'pramANa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM ke bIca meM parIkSA kA antara par3a gayA haibIca meM pramANa kI parIkSA kI gaI hai| pramANa do prakAra kA hai, arthAt do hI prakAra kA hai, kyoMki eva kA phala avadhAraNa karanA hotA hai| ataeva eka mAtra pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnane vAle cArvAka kA, pratyakSa anumAna aura Agama ko pramANa mAnane vAle vaizeSikoM kA,
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________________ 18 pramANamImAMsA tAnyeveti sAGa khyAH, sahopamAnena catvArIti naiyAyikAH, sahArthApattyA paJceti prAbhAkarAH, sahA'bhAvena SaDiti bhATTAH iti nyUnAdhikapramANavAdinaH prtikssiptaaH| tatpratikSepazca vakSyate // 9 // 30-tahi pramANadvaividhyaM kiM tathA yathAhuH saugatAH"pratyakSamanumAnaM ca" (pramANa 1. 2 mAyavi.0 1. 3. / ) iti, utAnyathA ? ityAha pratyakSa parokSaM ca // 10 // 31-aznute akSNoti vA vyApnoti sakaladravyakSetrakAlabhAvAniti akSo jIvaH aznute viSayam iti akSam-indriyaM ca / pratiH pratigatArthaH, akSaM pratigataM tadAzritam, akSANi cendriyANi tAni pratigatamindriyANyAzrityojjihIte yat jJAnaM tat pratyakSaM vakSyamANalakSaNam / akSebhyaH parato vartata iti pareNendriyAdinA cokSyata iti parokSaM vakSyamANalakSaNameva / cakAraH svaviSaye dvyostulybltvkhyaapnaarthH| tena yadAhuH"sakalapramANajyeSThaM pratyakSam" iti tadapAstam / pratyakSapUrvakatvAditarapramANAnAM tasya jyeSThateti cetna; pratyakSasthApi pramANAntarapUrvakatvopalabdheH, liGgAt AptopadezAdvA vahnayAdikamavagamya pravRttasya tadviSayapratyakSotpatteH // 10 // tathA utane hI mAnane vAle sAMkhyoM kA, upamAnasahita cAra pramANa mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM kA, arthApattisahita pA~ca pramANa mAnane vAle prAbhAkaroM kA aura abhAva ke sAtha chaha pramANa mAnane vAle bhATToM kA-isa prakAra nyUna yA adhika pramANa mAnane vAloM ke mata kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| inakA khaNDana Age kareMge // 9 // 30-to kyA pramANa ke do bheda vahI pratyakSa aura anumAna haiM, jaisA ki bauddha kahate haiM ? athavA aura koI anya haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara artha--pratyakSa aura parokSa-yaha do prakAra ke pramANa haiM // 10 // 'aznute' yA 'akSNoti isa vyutpatti ke anusAra jo sakala dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvoM ko vyApta karatA hai, vaha 'akSa' arthAt jIva kahalAtA hai / jo apane viSaya ko vyApta karatA hai, use bhI akSa kahate haiM / yahA~ 'akSa' kA artha indriya hai| jo jJAna 'akSa para Azrita ho arthAt indriyoM ke nimitta se utpanna hotA ho vaha 'pratyakSa' kahalAtA hai| usakA lakSaNa Age kahA jaaegaa| jo jJAna indriyoM se para ho vaha yA jo para--indriyoM se utpanna hotA ho, vaha parokSa kahalAtA hai / usakA bhI svarUpa Age kahA jaaegaa| sUtra meM 'ca' jo avyaya hai, vaha isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki pratyakSa aura parokSa donoM tulya bala vAle haiN| isase 'pratyakSa sakala pramANoM meM jyeSTha hai' isa mata kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / anya pramANa pratyakSapUrvaka hote haiM, ataeva pratyakSa saba pramANoM meM jyeSTha hai, aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSa bhI anya pramANapUrvaka dekhA jAtA hai| liMga yA Aptopadeza se arthAt pahale anamAna yA Agama se agni Adi ko jAna kara pravRtti karane vAle ko bhI agni kA pratyakSa hotA hai / / 10 / /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 32- na pratyakSAdanyatpramANamiti laukAyatikAH / tatrAhavyavasyAnyadhIniSedhAnAM siddheH pratyakSetarapramANasiddhiH // 11 // 33- pramANApramANavibhAgasya, parabuddheH, atIndriyArthaniSedhasya ca siddhirnAnumAnAdipramANaM vinA / cArvAko hi kAzcijjJAnavyaktIH saMvAditvenAvyabhicAriNIrupalabhyAnyAzca visaMvAditvena vyabhicAriNIH, punaH kAlAntare tAdRzItarANAM jJAnavyaktInAmavazyaM pramANetarate vyavasthApayet / na ca sannihitArthabalenotpadyamAnaM pUrvAparaparAmarzazUnyaM pratyakSaM pUrvAparakAlabhAvinInAM jJAnavyaktInAM prAmANyAprAmANyavyavasthApakaM nimittamupalakSayituM kSamate / na cAyaM svapratItigocarANAmapi jJAnavyaktInAM paraM prati prAmANyamaprAmANyaM vA vyavasthApayituM prabhavati / tasmAdyathAdRSTajJAna vyaktisAdharmyadvAreNedAnIntanajJAnavyaktInAM prAmANyAprAmANyavyavasthApakaM parapratipAdakaM ca parokSAntargatamanumAnarUpaM pramANAntaramupAsIta / 34-- api ca ( a ) pratipitsitamarthaM pratipAdayan 'nAyaM laukiko na parIkSakaH ' ityunmattavadupekSaNIyaH syAt / na ca pratyakSeNa paracetovRttInAmadhigamosti / ceSTAvizeSadarzanAttadavagame ca parokSasya prAmANyamanicchato'pyAyAtam / 19 32- pratyakSa ke atirikta anya koI pramANa nahIM hai, isa cArvAka mata ke viSaya meM kahate haiMartha -- pramANa apramANa kI vyavasthA, anya kI buddhi tathA para-loka Adi kA niSedha karane ko siddha hone se pratyakSa se bhinna pramANa kI siddhi hotI hai // 11 // 33 - pramANa aura apramANa kA vibhAga, para kI buddhi aura atIndriya padArtha kA niSedha anumAna pramANa ko svIkAra kiye binA nahIM ho sakatA / cAka kinhIM jJAnoM ko saMvAdaka samajha kara pramANa aura kinhIM ko visaMvAdaka samajha kara apramANa mAnate haiM / punaH kAlAntara meM unhIM ke samAna saMvAdaka jJAnoM kI pramANatA aura anya prakAra ke jJAnoM kI apramANatA kI vyavasthA karate haiM / kintu sannihita ( indriyasambaddha ) padArthoM ke bala se utpanna hone vAlA aura Age-pIche kA vicAra na karane vAlA pratyakSa yaha nahIM kara sakatA / vaha pUrvApara kAla meM hone vAle jJAnavizeSoM kI pramANatA yA apramANatA kA vicAra karane meM samartha nahIM hai / ataeva pUrvAnubhUta jJAna kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para vartamAnakAlIna jJAna kI pramANatA athavA apramANatA kA nirNaya karane vAlA tathA usa nirNaya ko dUsaroM ke samakSa pratipAdana karane vAlA eka pRthak hI pramANa svIkAra karanA caahie| vaha pramANAntara parokSa pramANa ke antargata anumAna hI ho sakatA hai / isake atirikta dUsarA jisa artha ko samajhanA nahIM cAhatA, use samajhAtA huA yaha arat na laukika ( loka - vyavahAra meM kuzala ) kahalAegA aura na prAmANika ( pramANapUrvaka vyavahAra karane vAlA) hI / ataeva unmatta puruSa kI taraha upekSaNIya hogA / pratyakSa se dUsare kI cittavRttiyA~ jAnI nahIM jA sakatIM / vizeSa prakAra kI ceSTA dekha kara dUsare kI icchA ko binA cAhe bhI jAnane kI bAta kahI jAya to parokSa kI pramANatA siddha hotI hai / tAtparya yaha
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________________ 20 pramANamImAMsA 35-paralokAdiniSedhazca na pratyakSamAtreNa zakyaH kartum, sannihitamAtraviSayatvAttasya / paralokAdikaM cApratiSidhya nAyaM sukhamAste, pramANAntaraM ca necchatIti ddimbhhevaakH| 36-kiJca,pratyakSasyApyAvyabhicArAdeva prAmANyaM taccArthapratibaddhaliMgazabdadvArA samunmajjataH parokSasyApyarthAvyabhicArAdeva ki neSyate ? vyabhicAriNopi parokSasya darzanAdaprAmANyamiti cet, pratyakSasyApi timirAdidoSAdapramANasya darzanAt srvtraapraamaannyprsNgH| pratyakSAbhAsaM taditi cet ; itaratrApi tulyametadanyatra pksspaataat| dharmakItirapyetadAha "pramANetarasAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gteH| pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit // 1 // arthasyAsambhave'bhAvAt pratyakSe'pi pramANatA / pratibaddhasvabhAvasya taddhetutve samaM dvayam" // 2 // iti / hai ki dUsare kI manovRtti ko samajhakara usI ke anusAra vastu kA pratipAdana karane ke lie bhI pratyakSa ke atirikta anya (anumAna) pramANa svIkAra karanA pddegaa| 35-aura akele pratyakSapramANa se parale ka,AtmA,puNya-pApa Adi kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa to indriyasambaddha padArthoM ko hI jAna sakatA hai| cArvAka para-loka Adi kA niSedha kiye vinA caina nahIM pAtA aura niSedha karane ke lie pratyakSa ke atirikta anya koI pramANa bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA! yaha bAla-haTha hI hai| 36-Akhira pratyakSa ko kyoMpramANa mAnA hai? isI kAraNa to ki vaha arthAvyabhicArI hai, arthAt padArtha ke hone para hotA hai aura nahIM hone para nahIM hotA hai| kintu yaha arthAvyabhicAra to avinAbhAvI liMga se utpanna hone vAle anumAna meM aura artha-pratibaddha zabda dvArA hone vAle zAbda pramANa meM bhI hotA hI hai| phira unheM pramANa kyoM nahIM mAnate ? kadAci jAya ki parokSa pramANa vyabhicArI (padArtha ke vinA he ne vAlA) bhI dekhA jAtA hai, ataeva vaha apramANa hai to timira Adi doSa ke kAraNa pratyakSa bhI vyabhicArI dekhA jAtA hai| use bhI sarvatra apramANa mAnanA pddegaa| pratyakSa jaba vyabhicArI hotA hai to apramANa mAnanA pddegaa| pratyakSa jaba vyabhicArI hotA hai to vaha pratyakSa hI nahIM-pratyakSAmAtra hai, aimA kahA jAya to parokSa ke saMbandha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai / arthAt jaba anumAna aura zAbda jJAna vyabhicArI hoM to unheM bhI anumAna aura zAbda nahIM, varan anumAnAbhAsa aura zAbdAbhAsa kahanA cAhiye / pakSapAtasivAya donoM meM aura koI antara nahIM hai| dharmakItti ne bhI kahA hai artha-pramANa aura apramANa jJAna kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para kAlAntara meM hone vAle jJAnoM ko pramANatA aura apramANatA kI vyavasthA karane se, dUsare kI buddhi (yA abhiprAya) ko samajhane se tathA paraloka Adi kA niSedha karane se pratyakSa ke atirikta dUsare pramANa kA sadbhAva siddha hotA hai / padArtha ke abhAva meM na hone ke kAraNa hI pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 37-yathoktasaMkhayAyoge'pi ca parokSArthaviSayamanumAnameva saugatarupagamyate; tadayuktam ; zabdAdInAmapi pramANatvAt teSAM cAnumAne'ntarbhAvayitumazakyatvAt / ekena tu sarvasaGgrAAhiNA pramANena pramANAntarasaMgrahe nAyaM doSaH / tatra yathA indriyajamAnasAtmasaMvedanayogijJAnAnAMpratyakSeNa saMgrahastathA smRtipratyabhijJAnohAnumAnAgamAnAM parokSaNa saMgraho lakSaNasyAvizeSAt / smRtyAdInAM ca vizeSalakSaNAni svasthAna eva vakSyante / evaM parokSasyopamAnasya pratyabhijJAne, arthApatteranumAne'ntarbhAvo'bhidhAsyate // 11 // 38-yattu pramANameva na bhavati na tenAntarbhUtena bahirbhUtena vA kiJcit prayo 'janam, yathA abhAvaH / kathamasyAprAmANyam ? niviSayatvAt iti bruumH| tadeva katham? iti cet-- bhAvAbhAvAtmakatvAd vastuno nirviSayo'bhAvaH // 12 // 39--nahi bhAvaikarUpaM vastvasti vizvasya vaizvarUpyaprasaMgAt, nApyabhAvakarUpaM nIrUpatvaprasaMgAt; kintu svarUpeNa sattvAt pararUpeNa cAsattvAt bhAvAbhAvarUpaM vastu tathaiva pramANAnAM pravRtteH / tathAhi-pratyakSaM tAvat bhUtalamevedaM ghaTAdirna bhavatItyanvayaavinAbhUta liMga se utpanna hone vAle apratyakSa meM bhI yahI bAta hai| ataeva pratyakSa ko bhA~ti apratyakSa (anumAna) ko bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie|' 37-bauddha pramANa kI saMkhyA to do hI mAnate haiM,magara parokSa padArtha ko viSaya karane vAlA sirpha anumAna hI hai aisA kahate haiM / unakA yaha kathana yuktiyukta nahIM hai,kyoMki zAbda (Agama) Adi bhI pramANa haiM aura anumAna meM unakA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / sabhI ko saMgahIta kara lene vAlA eka (parokSa nAmaka)pramANa mAna lene meM yaha doSa nahIM rhtaa| jaise indriyaja, mAnasa, svasaMvedana aura yogijJAna kA pratyakSa meM samAveza hotA hai, usI prakAra smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama kA eka hI parokSa meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ina saba meM samAna rUpa se parokSa kA lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai / smRti Adi ke vizeSa lakSaNa una-una ke sthAnoM para Age batalAe jaaeNge| parokSa upamAna kA pratyabhijJAna meM aura arthApatti kA anamAna meM samAveza hotA hai, yaha bhI Age kaheMge // 11 // 38-jo jJAna pramANa hI nahIM hai,vaha kisI ke antargata hai yA bahirgata hai,isase koI prayojana nahIM,jaise abhAva kA jJAna / prazna--abhAva jJAna apramANa kyoM hai ? uttara-abhAva jJAna kA viSaya hI kucha nahIM hai / prazna--kyoM ? uttara--isakA uttara isa sUtra meM dete haiM artha-vastu bhAvAtmaka-abhAvAtmaka hai, ataH abhAva pramANa niviSaya hai // 12 // 39-vastu ekAnta bhAvAtmaka-sadrUpa-nahIM hai| ekAnta bhAvAtmaka ho to pratyeka vastu sarvAtmaka ho jAyagI / aura yadi ekAnta abhAvAtmaka ho to usakA koI svarUpa hI nahIM rhegaa| ataH pratyeka vastu svarUpa se sat aura pararUpa se asat hone se bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai aura isI rUpa meM vaha pramANoM se grAhya hotI hai / 'yaha bha tala hI hai, ghaTAdi nahIM hai' isa prakAra vidhi aura
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________________ 22 pramANamImAMsA vyatirekadvAreNa vastu paricchindat tadadhikaM viSayamabhAvaikarUpaM nirAcaSTa iti ke viSayamAzrityAbhAvalakSaNaM pramANaM syAt ? / evaM parokSANyapi pramANAni bhAvAbhAvarUpavastugrahaNapravaNAnyeva, anyathA'saGkIrNasvasvaviSayagrahaNAsiddhaH, yadAha "ayameveti yo hyeSa bhAve bhavati nirnnyH| naiSa vastvantarAbhAvasaMvittyanugamAite // " iti [zlokavA0 abhAva0 zlo. 15.] 40-atha bhavatu bhAvAbhAvarUpatA vastunaH, kiM nazcchinnam ?, vayamapi hi tathaiva prtypiipdaam| kevalaM bhAvAMza indriyatanikRSTatvAt pratyakSapramANagocaraH abhAvAMzastu na tathetyabhAvapramANagocara iti kathamaviSayatvaM syAt ?, taduktam-- "na tAvadindriyaNaiSA nAstItyutpAdyate matiH / bhAvAMzenaiva saMyogo yogyatvAdindriyasya hi // 1 // gRhItvA vastusadbhAvaM smRtvA ca pratiyoginam / mAnasaM nAstitAjJAnaM jAyate'kSAnapekSayA // 2 // " iti / [ zlokavA.3 abhAva0 zlo. 18, 27 ] niSedha ke rUpa meM pratyakSa vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai / isase ekAnta abhAva hai hI nahIM to abhAva pramANa kA viSaya kyA hogA ? kucha bhI nhiiN| pratyakSa ko taraha parokSa pramANa bhI bhAvAbhAvAtmaka vastu ko hI grahaNa karate haiM / agara ve bhAvAbhAvAtmaka vastu prahaNa na kareM to pRthaka pRthaka bastu kA grahaNa hI nahIM ho / zlokavatika meM kahA hai- kisI bhI bhAva meM 'yahI hai' arthAt yaha azva hI hai,aisA nizcaya anya vastuoM ke abhAva ko jAne binA nahIM hosakatA / tAtparya yaha hai ki 'yaha azva hI hai' aisA nizcaya tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba yaha jAna liyA jAya ki yaha azva ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki koI bhI pramANa kisI bhI vastu ko jaba jAnatA hai to usake bhAva aura abhAva donoM rUpoM ko hI jAnatA hai| donoM rUpoM ko jAne binA vastu kA asAdhAraNasvarUpa samajha meM nahIM A sktaa| 40-zaMkA-vastu ko bhAva-abhAva rUpa mAna lene se bhI hamAre mata meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| balki hama bhI yahI kahate haiN| kintu hamArA kahanA yaha hai ki vastu kA bhAva-aMza indriya se sanikRSTa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, kintu abhAva-aMza kA indriya ke sAtha sannikarSa nahIM hone se vaha abhAva pramANa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / aisI avasthA meM abhAva pramANa niviSaya nahIM ho sakatA / kahA bhI hai-'nAstitva kA jJAna indriyA~ utpanna nahIM kara sakatI, kyoMki indriyoM kA saMyoga bhAva-aza ke sAtha ho ho sakatA hai|' ___ 'pahale vastu ke sadbhAva ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, phira 1pratiyogI kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke vinA mana ke dvArA nAstitva kA jJAna hotA hai|' : 1-jisakA abhAva jAnA jAtA hai vaha pratiyogI kahalAtA hai / ghaTa kA abhAva jAnate samaya ghaTa pratiyogI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 23 41-- nanu bhAvAMzAdabhAvAMzasyAbhede kathaM pratyakSeNAgrahaNam ?, bhede vA ghaTAdyabhAvarahitaM bhUtalaM pratyakSeNa gRhyata iti ghaTAdayo gRhyanta iti prAptam, tadabhAvAgrahaNasya tadbhAvagrahaNanAntarIyakatvAt / tathA cAbhAvapramANamapi pazcAtpravRttaM na tAnutsArayituM paTiSThaM sthAt, anyAthA'saGkIrNasya saGkIrNatAgrahaNAt pratyakSaM bhrAntaM syAt / 42--api cAyaM pramANapaJcakanivRttirUpatvAt tucchaH / tata evAjJAnarUpaH kathaM pramANaM bhavet / tasmAdabhAvAMzAtkathaJcidabhinnaM bhAvAMzaM paricchindatA pratyakSAdinA pramANenAbhAvAMzI gRhIta eveti tadatiriktaviSayAbhAvAnirviSayo'bhAvaH / tathA ca na pramANamiti sthitam // 12 // 43 -- vibhAgamuktvA vizeSalakSaNamAha-vizadaH pratyakSam // 13 // 44-sAmAnyalakSaNAnuvAdena vizeSalakSaNavidhAnAt 'samyagarthanirNayaH' iti pramANasAmAnyalakSaNamanUdya 'vizada:' iti vizeSalakSaNaM prasiddhasya pratyakSasya vidhIyate / tathA ca pratyakSaM dharmi / vizadasamyagarthanirNayAtmakamiti sAdhyo dharmaH / pratyakSatvAditi 41 - samAdhAna - abhAva aza bhAva-aMza se abhinna hai yA bhinna ? yadi abhinna hai to pratyakSa ke dvArA bhAva-aMza jAnane para vaha anajAnA kaise raha sakatA hai ? yadi bhinna hai to ghaTAbhAva se bhinna bhUtala ke grahaNa hone kA artha ghaTa kA grahaNa honA hI kahalAyA; kyoMki kisI vastu ke abhAva kA grahaNa na honA usake bhAva kA grahaNa hone para hI hotA hai| jaba pratyakSa se ghaTa kA grahaNa ho gayA to bAda meM abhAva pramANa pravRtta ho kara bhI usakA niSedha nahIM kara sakatA / agara abhAva pramANa ghaTa kA niSedha karatA hai to pratyakSa ko bhrAMta mAnanA paDegA, kyoMki asaMkIrNa ko saMkIrNa rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA arthAt jo bhUtala ghaTarahita thA use ghaTasahita jAnA / pratyakSa Adi pA~ca pramANoM kI pravRtti na honA abhAva nivRtti rUpa hone se tuccha ( niHsvarUpa ) hai / ataevaM 42 --- sattA ko gahaNa karane vAle pramANa hai / isa prakAra abhAva pramANa ajJAnarUpa hone se kaise pramANa ho sakatA hai ? vAstava meM padArtha ke abhAva -aMza se kathaMcit abhinna bhAva - aMza ko jAnane vAle pratyakSAdi pramANa abhAva - aMza ko bhI jAna hI lete haiM / isase atirikta kucha jJeya bacatA nahIM hai, ataeva abhAva viSayazUnya hai aura viSaya zUnya hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai // 12 // 43 --- pramANa ke bheda kaha kara vizeSa lakSaNa kahate haiM- vizada - spaSTatA pratyakSa pramANa hai | 13 | 44-sAmAnya lakSaNa kA anuvAda karake vizeSa lakSaNa kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, isa nyAya ke anusAra 'samyagartha - nirNaya' isa sAmAnya lakSaNa ke anuvAda se hI pratyakSa ke lakSaNa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / arthAt pratyakSa ke lakSaNa meM pramANa- sAmAnya ke lakSaNa kA adhyAhAra samajha hI lenA cAhie / ataeva yahA~ 'pratyakSa 'pakSa hai, 'vizada samyagartha nirNayAtmaka' sAdhya hai aura 'pratyakSatvAt '
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________________ pramANamImAMsA. hetuH / yadvizadasamyagarthanirNayAtmakaM na bhavati na tat pratyakSam, yathA parokSamiti vyatirekI / dhammiNo hetutve'nanvayadoSa iti cet, na; vizeSa dharmiNi dhamisAmAnyasya hetutvAt / tasya ca vizeSaniSThatvena vizeSeSvanvayasambhavAt / sapakSe vRttimantareNApi ca vipakSanyAvRttibalAdgamakatvamityuktameva // 13 // 45-atha kimidaM vaizA nAma ? / yadi svaviSayagrahaNam ; tat prokssepyssnnm| atha sphuTatvam / tadapi svasaMviditatvAt sarvavijJAnAM samamityAzaGkyAha-- pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA vaizadyam // 14 // 46--prastutAt pramANAd yadanyat pramANaM zabdaliMgAdijJAnaM tat pramANAntaraM tannirapekSatA 'vaizadyam' / nahi zAbdAnumAnAdivat pratyakSaM svotpattau zabdaliMgAdijJAnaM pramANAntaramapekSate ityekaM vaizadyalakSaNam / lakSaNAntaramapi 'idantayA pratibhAso vA' iti, idantayA vizeSaniSThatayA yaH pratibhAsaH samyagarthanirNayasya so'pi 'vaizadyam' / 'vA' zabdoM lakSaNAntaratvasUcanArthaH // 14 // yaha hetu hai / jo jJAna vizada aura samyak arthanirNaya rUpa nahIM hotA vaha pratyakSa bhI nahIM hotA, jaise parokSa pramANa / yaha kevalavyaktireko hetu hai| zaMkA-pakSa ko hI hetu banAne se ananvaya doSa AtA hai| samAdhAna-nahIM ! pratyakSa vizeSa pakSa hai aura pratyakSasAmAnya hetu hai| sabhI vizeSoM meM sAmAnya kI vyApti hotI hai, ataeva yahA~ anvaya ghaTita ho jAtA hai-ananvaya doSa nahIM rhtaa| yadyapi yahA~ sapakSasattva nahIM hai, phira bhI hetu vipakSavyAvRtti ke bala se gamaka hai / yaha bAta pahale kahI jA cukI hai // 13 / 45-vizadatA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? yadi apane svarUpa ko grahaNa karanA vizadatA hai to vaha parokSa pramANa meM bhI hotI hai, yadi sphuTatA. ko vizadatA kahA jAya to vaha bhI svasaMvedI hone se saba pramANoM meM pAI jAtI hai| isa AzaMkA kA uttara artha-anya pramANa kI apekSA na honA athavA 'yaha' isa taraha kI pratIti honA vaizadya yA vizadatA hai // 14 // 46-yahA~ prastuta-pratyakSa-pramANa se bhinna-anumAna aura Agama pramANAntara kahe gaye haiN| unakI AvazyakatA na honA vizadatA hai / jaise zAbda pramANa ko apanI utpatti meM zabda jJAna kI aura anumAna pramANa ko liMgajJAna kI apekSA rahatI hai, usa prakAra pratyakSa kI utpatti meM kisI anya pramANa kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| yaha vizadatA kA eka lakSaNa hai| vizadatA kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai 'yaha' isa rUpa meM pratibhAsa' arthAt jisa pramANa kA pratibhAsa 'yaha' isa prakAra vizeSa-niSTha ho, vaha 'vizada' kahalAtA hai| sUtra meM prayukta 'vA' zabda dUsare lakSaNa kA sUcaka hai // 14 //
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________________ 25 47-- atha mukhyasAMvyavahArikabhedena dvaividhyaM pratyakSasya hRdi nidhAya mukhyasya lakSaNamAha-" tat sarvathAvaraNavilaye cetanasya svarUpAvirbhAvo mukhyaM kevalam ||15|| 48- 'tat' iti pratyakSaparAmarzArtham, anyathAnantarameva vaizadyamabhisambadhyeta / -dIrghakAlanirantarasatkArAsevitaratnatrayaprakarSaparyante ekatvavitarkAvicAradhyAnabalena niHzeSatayA jJAnAvaraNAdInAM ghAtikarmaNAM prakSaye sati cetanAsvabhAvasyAtmanaH prakAzasvabhAvasyeti yAvat, svarUpasya prakAzasvabhAvasya sata evAvaraNApagamena 'AvirbhAva: ' AvirbhUtaM svarUpaM mukhamiva zarIrasya sarvajJAnAnAM pradhAnaM 'mukhyam ' pratyakSam / taccendriyAdisAhAyakavirahAt sakalaviSayatvAdasAdhAraNatvAcca 'kevalam' ityAgame prasiddham / pramANamImAMsA 49-prakAzasvabhAvatA kathamAtmanaH siddheti cet; ete brUmaH - AtmA prakAzasvabhAva:, asandigdhasvabhAvatvAt, yaH prakAzasvabhAvo na bhavati nAsAvasandigdhasvabhAvo yathA ghaTaH, na ca tathAtmA, na khalu kazcidahamasmi na veti sandigdhe iti nAsiddho hetuH / tathA, AtmA prakAzasvabhAvaH, boddhatvAt, yaH prakAzasvabhAvo na bhavati nAsau 47- pratyakSa pramANa do prakAra kA hai-mukhya aura sAMvyavahArika, ise dhyAna meM rakhakara mukhya pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kahate haiM artha- AvaraNoM kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para cetana AtmA kA svarUpa prakaTa ho jAnA mukhya pratyakSa hai // 15 // 48--sUtra meM 'tat' zabda kA grahaNa na kiyA hotA to isase pahale kahe hue vaizadya' kA grahaNa ho jAtA / dIrghakAlaparyanta bahumAna pUrvaka bhalI mA~ti sevana kiye hue ratnatraya ke prakarSa ke 'anta ekatva vitarka-vicAranAmaka zukla dhyAna ke bala se, pUrNa rUpa se jJAnAvaraNa Adi ghAtika karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para, cetanAprakAza-svabhAva vAle AtmA kA prakAza svarUpa prakaTa ho jAnA mukhya pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / jaise sampUrNa zarIra meM mukha pradhAna hotA hai, usI prakAra sarva jJAnoM meM pradhAna hone se vaha mukhya pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / Agama meM yaha kevalajJAna ke nAma se prasiddha hai, kyoMki yaha indriya Adi sahAyakoM ke vinA hI hotA hai, vizva ke samasta padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, aura asAdhAraNa hai / 49 - zaMkA - AtmA prakAzasvabhAva hai, yaha kaise siddha hotA hai ? samAdhAna- AtmA prakAzasvabhAva hai, kyoMki vaha asaMdigdha svabhAva vAlA hai, jo prakAzasvabhAva nahIM hotA vaha asaMdigdha svabhAva vAlA nahIM hotA, jaise ghaTa | AtmA asaMdigdha svabhAva vAlA na ho, aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki maiM hU~ athavA nahIM hU~, aisA sandeha kisI ko nahIM hotA / auraAtmA prakAzasvabhAva hai, kyoMki vaha boddhA arthAt jJApaka hai, jo prakAzasvabhAva nahIM hotA vaha
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________________ 26 pramANamImAMsA boddhA yathA ghaTaH, na ca na boddhAtmeti / tathA, yo yasyAH kriyAyAH kartA na sa tadviSayo yathA gatikriyAyAH kartA caitro na tadviSayaH jJaptikriyAyAH kartA cAtmeti / / ___50-atha prakAzasvabhAvatva AtmanaH kathamAvaraNam ?, AvaraNe vA satatAvaraNaprasaGgaH; naivam ; prakAzasvabhAvasyApi candrArkAderiva rajonIhArAbhrapaTalAdibhiriva jJAnAvaraNIyAdikarmabhirAvaraNasya sambhavAt, candrArkAderiva ca prabalapavamAnaprAyai-- AnabhAvanAdibhivilayasyeti / 51--nanu sAditve syAdAvaraNasyopAyato vilayaH; naivam ; anAderapi suvarNamalasya kSAramRtpuTapAkAdinA vilayopalambhAt, tadvadevAnAderapi jJAnAvaraNIyAdi-- karmaNaH pratipakSabhUtaratnatrayAbhyAsena vilyopptteH| 52--na cAmUrtasyAtmanaH kathamAvaraNamiti vAcyam ; amUrtAyA api cetanAzaktemadirAmadanakodravAdibhirAvaraNadarzanAt / 53--athAvaraNIyatatpratipakSAbhyAmAtmA vikriyeta na vA ? / kiM cAtaH ? / jJApaka nahIM hotA, jaise ghaTa / AtmA jJApaka na ho, aisA to hai nahIM, ataeva prakAzasvabhAva hai| tathA-jo jisa kriyA kA kartA hotA hai, vaha usa kriyA kA viSaya nahIM hotA, jaise gatikriyA kA kartA caitra gatikriyA kA viSaya nahIM hotA / AtmA jJaptikriyA kA kartA hai, ataeva usakA viSaya nahIM hai| 50-prazna-AtmA prakAzasvabhAva hai to usa para AvaraNa kaise A gaye ? yadi A gaye haiM to sadaiva kyoM nahIM rahate ? uttara-jaise candramA aura sUrya prakAzazIla haiM, phira bhI una para raja, nIhAra aura meghapaTala Adi ke dvArA AvaraNa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA para bhI jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmo ke dvArA AvaraNa A jAte haiN| aura jaise tIvra vAya ke calane se candra-sUrya ke AvaraNa kA vilaya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna bhAvanA Adi se AtmA ke AvaraNa bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| 51-zaMkA-AvaraNa sAdi hoM to hI upAya se unakA vilaya honA saMbhava hai| samAdhAna-nahIM, anAdikAlIna hone para bhI khAra mRtpuTapAka Adi ke dvArA jaise svarNa kA mala naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra anAdi jJAnAvaraNIya Adi AvaraNoM kA bhI, unake virodha ratnatraya (samyagdarzana-jJAna cAritra) ke abhyAsa se vinAza honA saMbhava hai| 52-zaMkA-amUrta AtmA para AvaraNa kaise ho gaye? samAdhAna--jaise amUrta cetanAzakti para madirA evaM madanakodrava Adi se AvaraNa A jAtA hai . 53-zaMkA-AvaraNoM tathA AvaraNoM ke pratipakSa-ratnatraya Adi ke nimitta se AtmA meM vikAra (anyathApana) AtA hai yA nahIM ? aura usakA pariNAma kyA hotA hai ? jaise ki
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "varSAtapAbhyAM kiM vyomnazcarmaNyasti tayoH phalam / carmopamazcet so'nitya. khatulyazcedasatphalaH // " iti cet; na; asya dUSaNasya kUTasthanityatApakSa eva sambhavAt, pariNAminityazcA-tmeti tasya pUrvAparaparyAyotpAdavinAzasahitAnuvRttirUpatvAt, ekAntanityakSaNika pakSayoH sarvathArthakriyAvirahAt, yadAha- "arthakriyA na yujyeta nityakSaNikapakSayoH / kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvAnAM sA lakSaNatayA matA // " [ laghI0 2.1 ] 27 iti // 15 // 54 -- nanu pramANAdhInA prameyavyavasthA / na ca mukhyapratyakSasya tadvato vA siddhauM kiJcit pramANamasti / pratyakSaM hi rUpAdiviSaya viniyamitavyApAraM nAtIndriye'rthe pravartatumutsahate / nApyanumAnam, pratyakSaddaSTaliMgaliMgi sambandhabalo ( pa ) jananadharmakatvAttasya / Agamastu yadyatIndriyajJAnapUrvakastatsAdhakaH ; tadetaretarAzrayaH- "narte tadAgamAtsidhyenna ca tenAgamo vinA / " [ zlokavA0 sU0 2. zlo0 142] iti / apauruSeyastu tatsAdhako nAstyeva / yo'pi - cAhe varSA ho, cAhe dhUpa gire, (nitya) AkAza kA kyA bigar3atA hai ? unakA prabhAva camaDe para hotA hai / yadi AtmA camar3e ke samAna hai to vaha anitya ho jAegA aura yadi AkAza ke samAna (nitya) hai to usa para na AvaraNoM kA prabhAva paDegA, na ratnatraya Adi kA / samAdhAna - yaha doSa kUTastha nityatA mAnane para hI ho sakatA hai, kintu AtmA to pariNAmI nitya hai / AtmA kI pUrva - pUrva paryAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai, phira bhI vaha dravya se nitya hai / ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta kSaNika pakSa meM kisI bhI prakAra arthakriyA saMgata nahIM ho sakatI / kahA bhI hai 'arthatriyA vastu kA lakSaNa mAnI gaI hai / arthAt yaha sarvamAnya hai ki jisameM arthakriyA pAI jAya vahI vastu kahalAtI hai / yaha arthakriyA ekAnta kSaNika pakSa meM na krama se ghaTita hotI hai, na yugapat / ' / / 15 / / 54 - zaMkA - prameya kI vyavasthA pramANa ke adhIna hai| mukhya pratyakSa ( kevalajJAna ) yA mukhya ( kevalajJAnI) kI siddhi meM koI pramANa nahIM hai / pratyakSa kA vyApAra rUpa Adi viSayoM meM hI niyata hai / vaha atIndriya padArtha meM pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA / rahA anumAna, so vaha pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAle liMga ( sAdhana) aura sAdhya ke saMbaMdha meM (avinAbhAva ) kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai / ( ataH ina donoM pramANoM se mukhya pratyakSa kA astitva siddha nahIM hotA) yadi atIndriyajJAnapUrvaka (sarvajJapraNIta) Agama ko mukhya pratyakSa kA sAdhaka mAnA jAya to itaretarAzraya doSa kA prasaMga hai kyoMki, Agama ke binA mukhya pratyakSa siddha nahIM hotA / aura pratyakSakI siddhi hue vinA sarvajJapraNIta Agama sarvajJa kA sAdhaka ho nahIM sakatA /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "apANipAdo mano grahItA pazyatyacakSuH sa zRNotyakarNa: / sa vetti vizvaM na hi tasya vettA tamAhuragnyaM puruSaM mahAntam "[ zvetAzva0 3. 19. ] ityAdiH kazcidarthavAdarUpo'sti nAsau pramANam vidhAveva prAmANyopagamAt / pramANAntarANAM cAtrAnavasara evetyAzaGkayAha 28 prajJAtizayavizrAntyAdisiddhestatsiddhiH // 16 // 55--prajJAyA atizayaH tAratamyaM kvacidvizrAntam, atizayatvAt, parimANAtizayavadityanumAnena niratizayaprajJAsiddhayA tasya kevalajJAnasya siddhi:, tatsiddhirUpatvAt kevalajJAnasiddheH / 'Adi' grahaNAt sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH kasyacit pratyakSAH prameyatvAt ghaTavadityato, jyotirjJAnAvisaMvAdAnyathAnupapattezca tatsiddhiH, yadAha-"dhIratyantaparokSe'rthe na cet puMsAM kutaH punaH / jyotirjJAnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAccet sAdhanAntaram / " [ siddhivi0 pU0 413] 'jo hAthoM aura pairoM se rahita ho kara bhI vegazAlI hai jo netrahIna hokara bhI dekhatA aura zrotrahIna hokara bhI zravaNa karatA hai aura jo vizva kA vettA hai kintu jise koI nahIM jAna pAtA vahI sarvottama mahAn puruSa hai / " yaha jo Agama hai so kevala arthavAda hI hai / yaha pramANa nahIM hai / Agama kI pramANatA vidhi ( karttavya ) ke viSaya meM hI mAnI gaI hai / pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ke atirikta anya pramANoM ke lie sarvajJa yA sarvajJatA ke viSaya meM koI avakAza hI nahIM hai / isa AzaMkA kA uttara artha- prajJA ke tAratamya kI vizrAnti Adi kI siddhi se kevalajJAna kI siddhi hotI hai // 16 // 55 - prajJA kA atizaya ( utkarSa ) kahIM vizrAMta huA hai, kyoMki vaha atizaya hai / pratyeka atizaya kI kahI na kahIM vizrAnti ( carama pariNati ) avazya hotI hai, jaise parimANa ke atizaya kI vizrAnti AkAza meM huI hai| isa anumAna pramANa se niratizaya (sarvotkRSTa ) prajJA kI siddhi hone se kevalajJAna kI siddhi hotI hai| niratizaya prajJA kI siddhi hI kevalajJAna kI siddhi hai| sUtra meM prayukta Adi' zabda se kevalajJAna kI siddhi ke lie yaha anumAna bhI samajha lenA cAhie- sUkSma (paramANu Adi ), antarita ( rAma-rAvaNa Adi kAlavyavahita ) aura dUra (meru Adi dezavyavahata) padArtha kisI ke pratyakSa jJAna ke viSaya haiM kyoMki ve prameya haiM / jo prameya hotA hai vaha kisI na kisI ke pratyakSa kA viSaya avazya hotA hai, jaise paTa / isake atirikta jyotiSa saMbaMdhI jJAna meM jo saMvAda dekhA jAtA hai, usase bhI kevalajJAna kI siddhi hotI hU~ / kahA bhI hai 'atyanta parokSa padArthoM ko bhI koI puruSa avazya rjJAna meM jo saMvAda dekhA jAtA hai, vaha kaise hotA ? (zAstra) se hotA hai to usake lie bhI dUsare sAdhana kI AvazyakatA hai / ' jAnatA hai / aisA na hotA to jyotikadAcit kahA jAya ki yaha saMvAda zruta
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 56--api ca-"nodanA hi bhUtaM bhavantaM bhaviSyantaM sUkSma vyavahitaM viprakRSTamevajAtIyakamarthamavagamayati nAnyatkiJcanendriyam" [zAbara bhA0 1.1.2 ] iti vadatA bhUtAdyarthaparijJAnaM kasyacit puMso'bhimatameva, anyathA kasmai vedastrikAlaviSayamartha nivedayet ? / sa hi nivedayaMstrikAlaviSayatattvajJamevAdhikAriNamupAdatte, tadAha "trikAlaviSayaM tattvaM kasmai vedo nivedayet / akSayyAvaraNaikAntAnna cedveda tathA naraH // " [ siddhivi* pR. 414A ] iti trikaalvissyvstunivednaa'nythaanuppttertiindriykevljnyaansiddhiH| 57-kiJca,pratyakSAnumAnasiddhasaMvAdaM zAstramevAtIndriyArthadarzisadbhAve pramANam, ya eva hi zAstrasya viSayaH syAdvAdaH sa eva pratyakSAderapIti saMvAdaH, tathAhi __ "sarvamasti svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca / anyathA sarvasattvaM syAt svarUpasyApyasambhavaH // " iti dizA pramANasiddhaM syAdvAdaM pratipAdayannAgamo'hatassarvajJatAmapi pratipAdayati, yadastuma 56-esA mAnA jAtA hai ki- veda bhata vartamAna, bhaviSyata, sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa tathA isI prakAra ke anya saba padArtho kA jJAna karAtA hai| kisI bhI indriya se aisA jJAna nahIM utpanna ho sakatA hai| aisA mAnane vAle ne bhUta bhaviSyat Adi kA jJAna kisI puruSa ko avazya svIkAra kiyA hai| yadi kisI puruSako traikAlika jJAna saMbhava na hotA to veda se kise yaha jJAna hotA? veda se jaba aisA jJAna hotA hai to kisI trikAlajJa adhikArI puruSa ko hI honA cAhie / kahA bhI hai ___ 'yadi AvaraNoM kA kSaya ho hI nahIM sakatA aura puruSa ko vaisA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA to veda trikAlaviSayaka tattva kisako nivedana karatA hai ? yadi traikAlika jJAna saMbhava na hotA to veda trikAlasaMbaMdhI tattva kA nivedana hI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| parantu veda nivedana karatA hai, isase kevalajJAna kI siddhi hotI hai / ___57-isake atirikta pratyakSa aura anumAna se jisakI puSTi hotI hai aisA zAstra hI atIndriyArthadarzI ke sadbhAva meM pramANa hai / jo syAdvAda zAstra kA viSaya hai, vahI pratyakSa Adi kA bhI viSaya hai / yahI saMvAda hai / kahA bhI hai 'pratyeka vastu svarUpa se sat hai aura pararUpa se asat hai / yadi pararUpa se asattA namAnI jAya to pratyeka vastu sarvamaya ho jAe aura svarUpa se sattA na mAnI jAya to vastu kA koI svarUpa hI na raha jaay|' ____ isa prakAra pramANa siddha syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karatA huA Agama arhanta kI sarvajJatA kA bhI pratipAdana karatA hai / zAstra kI stuti karate hue hamane kahA hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA ____ "yadIyasamyaktvabalAt pratImo bhavAdRzAnAM paramAtmabhAvam / kuvAsanApAzavinAzanAya namo'stu tasmai tava zAsanAya / "[ ayoga0 21 ] iti / pratyakSaM tu yadyapyandriya (ya) ke nAtIndriyajJAnaviSayaM tathApi samAdhibalalabdhajanmakaM yogipratyakSameva bAhyArthasyeva svasyApi vedakamiti pratyakSato'pi ttsiddhiH| 58--atha- "jJAnamapratighaM yasya vairAgyaM ca jagatpateH / aizvaryaM caiva dharmazca sahasiddhaM catuSTayam // " iti vacanAtsarvajJatvamIzvarAdInAmastu, mAnuSasya tu kasyacidvidyAcaraNavatopi tadasambhAvanIyam, yatkumArila:-- ''athApi vedadehatvAd brahmaviSNumahezvarAH / kAmaM bhavantu sarvajJAH sArvajyaM mAnuSasya kim ? // " [tattvasa0 kA 32. 8 ] iti; AH! sarvajJApalApapAtakin ! durvadavAdin ! mAnuSatvanindArthavAdApadezena devaadhidevaandhikssipsi?| ye hi janmAntarAjjitojitapuNyaprAgbhArAH surabhavabhavamanupama sukhamanubhUya duHkhapaGkamagnamakhilaM jIvalokamuddidhIrSavo narakeSvapi kSaNaM kSiptasukhAsikAmRtavRSTayo manuSyalokamavateruH janmasamayasamakAlacalitAsanasakalasurendravRndavihitajanmotsavAH kiGkarAyamANasurasamUhAhamahamikArabdhasevAvidhayaH svayamupanatAmati____ jisakI satyatA ke bala se hama Apa jaisoM kA paramAtmatva samajha pAte haiM, usa kuvAsanAoM ke pAza kA vinAza karane vAle Apake zAsana-Agama-ko namaskAra ho|' yadyapi indriyapratyakSa atIndriya jJAna ko nahIM jAna sakatA, tathApi samAdhi ke bala se utpanna hone vAlA yogipratyakSa svayaM hI bAhya padArthoM kI taraha apane Apako bhI jAnatA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa pramANa se bhI atIndriya jJAna kI siddhi hotI hai| 58-zaMkA-jisa jagatpati meM apratihata jJAna hai,vairAgya hai,aizvarya hai aura dharma hai-yaha cAra dharma jisameM svabhAva se hI siddha haiM (vahI sarvajJa Izvara hai)' isa kathana ke anusAra Izvara Adi meM sarvajJatA bhale ho, kintu manuSya sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA cAhe vaha kitanA bhI vidyAvAn aura cAritravAn kyoM na ho ! kumArila bhaTTa ne kahA hai jJAnamaya deha vAle hone se brahmA, viSNu aura mahezvara bhale sarvajJa hoM kintu manuSya meM sarvajJatA kaisI ? samAdhAna--are sarvajJa ke apalApa kA pApa karane vAle ! are nindaka ! manuSyatA kI nindA karane kA bahAnA karake devAdhideva para AkSepa karatA hai ! jinhoMne pUrvajanmoM meM virATa puNya kA samUha upArjana kiyA hai, jo anupama deva mava ke sukha kA upabhoga karake duHkhoM ke paMka "meM phaMse sampUrNa jagat kA uddhAra karane ke abhilASI hokara narakoM meM bhI kSaNabhara ke lie sukhAmRta kI varSA karake manuSya loka meM avatarita hue haiM, jinake janmate hI Asana calAyamAna hone para sakala surendroM ke samUha Akara janmamahotsava manAte haiN| kiMkara ke samAna vyavahAra karate hue devagaNa prAthamikatA ke lie spardhA karate hue jinakI sevA karate haiM, svayaM prApta ananta
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 31 prAjyasAmrAjya zriyaM tRNavadavadhUya samatRNamaNizatrumitravRttayo nijaprabhAvaprazamite-- timarakAdijagadupadravAH zukladhyAnAnalanirdagdhaghAtikarmANa AvirbhUtanikhilabhAvAbhAvasvabhAvAvabhAsikevalabaladalitasakalajIvalokamohaprasarAH surAsuravinirmitAM samavasaraNabhuvamadhiSThAya svasvabhASApariNAminIbhirvAgbhiH pravartitadharmatIrthAzcatustrizadatizayamayIM tIrthanAthatvalakSmImupabhujya paraM brahma satatAnandaM sakalakarmanirmokSamupeyivAMsastAnmAnuSatvAdisAdhAraNadharmopadezenApavadan sumerumapi leSTavAdinA sAdhAraNIkartuM pArthivatvenApavadeH ! / kiJca, anavaratavanitAGgasambhogadurlalitavRttInAM vividhahetisamUhadhAriNAmakSamAlAdyAyattamanaHsaMyamAnAM rAgadveSamohakaluSitAnAM brahmAdInAM sarvavittvasAmrAjyam !, yadavadAma stutau "madena mAnena manobhavena krodhena lobhena sasammadena / parAjitAnAM prasabhaM surANAM vRthaiva sAmrAjyarujA pareSAm // " [ yoga--25] iti / athApi rAgAdidoSakAluSyavirahitAH satatajJAnAnandamayamUrtayo brahmAdayaH; hi tAdRzeSu teSu na vipratipadyAmahe, avocAma hivizAla sAmrAjyazrI ko ( aise tIrthaMkara bhagavAn gRhasthAvasthA ke pazcAt ) taNa kI taraha tyAga dete haiM,tRNa-maNi tayA zatru-mitra para samabhAva dhAraNa karate haiM,apane prabhAva se ativRSTi Adi ItiyoM tathA mahAmArI Adi upadravoM ko zAnta kara dete haiM, zukladhyAna rUpI agni se samasta ghAtika karmoM ko bhasma kara dete haiM. samasta bhAva evaM abhAva rUpa padArthoM ko jAnane vAle kevalajJAna ke dvArA sampUrNa jagata ke moha-ajJAna ko naSTa karate haiM, jo suroM aura asuroM dvArA nirmita samavasaraNa bhUmi meM virAjamAna hokara zrotAoM ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAne vAle vacanoM se dharmatIrtha meM pravRtta karate haiM, cautIsa atizayamayI tIrthakaratva-lakSmI kA upayoga karake para brahma evaM zAzvata Anandamaya mokSa (ghAtikarmoM se mukti) ko prApta kara cuke haiM. aise tIrthakara bhagavAn meM manuSyatva Adi sAmAnya dharmoM kA ullekha karake pAye jAne vAle unakA apavAda karanA isI prakAra kI dhRSTatA hai jaise koI kahe ki pArthiva hone ke kAraNa sumeru girirAja bhI miTTI ke Dhele ke samAna hai ! isa para turrA yaha ki jo nirantara vanitA ke aMga kA saMbhoga karane ke kAraNa kAmuka vati vAle hai nAnA prakArake zastroM kodhAraNa karate hai,akSamAlA Adi para jinake mana kA saMyama nirbhara hai aura ina kAraNoM se jo rAga-dveSa aura moha se kaluSita haiM aise brahmA viSNu maheza ke sarvajJa hone kI bAta kahI jAtI hai ! stuti meM kahA hai___'jo mada, mAna, madana, krodha, lobha aura rAga ke dvArA pUrI taraha parAjita haiM aise parakIya devatAoM ko (jJAnarUpI) lakSmI kahanA vRthA hI hai !' hA~, agara Apa brahmA Adi ko rAga-dveSa ke kAluSya se rahita (vItarAga) aura satata jJAnAnandamaya kaheM to aise brahmA Adi ke viSaya meM hamArA koI matabheda nahIM hai / hamane kahA bhI hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA yo'si so'syabhidhayA yayA tayA / airchSakaSaH sa cedbhavAneka eva bhagavannamo'stu te // "[ ayoga-31 ] I iti / kevalaM brahmAdidevatAviSayANAM zrutismRtipurANetihAsakathAnAM vaitathyamAsa -- jyeta / tadevaM sAdhakebhyaH pramANebhyo'tIndriyajJAnasiddhiruktA // 16 // 32 bAdhakAbhAvAcca // 17 // 59 -- sunizcitAsambhavadbAdhakatvAt sukhAdivat tatsiddhiH iti sambadhyate / tathAhi kevalajJAnabAdhakaM bhavat pratyakSaM vA bhavet pramANAntaraM vA ? / na tAvat pratyakSam ; tasya vidhAvevAdhikArAt " sambaddhaM vartamAnaM ca gRhyate cakSurAdinA / " [ zlokavA0 sU0 4. zlo0 84] iti svayameva bhASaNAt / 60--atha na pravartamAnaM pratyakSaM tadvAdhakaM kintu nivartamAnam tat ; taha (ddhi) yadi niyata dezakAlaviSayatvena bAdhakaM tarhi sampratipadyAmahe / atha sakaladezakAlaviSayatvena; tahi na tat sakaladezakAlapuruSapariSatsAkSAtkAramantareNa sambhavatIti siddhaM 'kisI bhI mata - paramparA meM, kisI bhI nAma se, kisI bhI svarUpa meM koI bhI kyoM na ho, yadi vaha doSa kAluSya se sarvathA hIna ho gayA hai to vaha Apa hI ho / bhagavan ! Apako namaskAra ho / ' kintu brahmA Adi ko vItarAga aura sarvajJa mAnane se zruti, smRti, purANa aura itihAsa meM likhita unake saMbaMdha kI kathAe~ mithyA ho jaaeNgii| isa prakAra sAdhaka pramANoM dvArA atIndriya jJAna ko siddhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA // 16 // artha- -- bAdhaka pramANa ke abhAva se bhI atIndriya jJAna ko siddhi hotI hai // 17 // 59 - jaise sukha ke astitva meM bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva bhalIbhAMti nizcita hai, usI prakAra atIndriya jJAna ke viSaya meM bhI kisI bAdhaka pramANa kA na honA nizcita hai / kevalajJAna kA bAdhaka koI pramANa ho to vaha pratyakSa hai yA anya koI pramANa ? pratyakSa bAdhaka ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki Apake mata se usakA adhikAra vidhAna karanA hI hai / niSedha ko vaha jAna nahIM sakatA / Apane hI kahA hai-cakSu Adi indriyA~ apane se sambaddha aura vartamAna vastu ko hI grahaNa karatI hai| 60 - zaMkA - pravarttamAna pratyakSa bAdhaka nahIM hai kintu nivartamAna pratyakSa bAdhaka hai / arthAt kevalajJAnI pratyakSa se pratIta nahIM hotA, isI se use bAdhaka mAnate haiM / -samAdhAna- yadi amuka deza aura amuka kAla meM hI pratyakSa kevalajJAna kA bAdhaka hai to hameM bhI yaha svIkAra hai- isa deza kAla meM hama bhI usakA abhAva mAnate haiM / yadi samasta dezoM aura kAloM meM kevalajJAna yA pratyakSa se abhAva siddha karanA cAhate ho to samasta deza kAla aura puruSa samUha kA sAkSAtkAra kiye vinA aisA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / agara Apa sampUrNa deza puruSa samUha kA sAkSAtkAra karane kA dAvA karate hoM to hamArA abhISTa siddha ho phAla
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 33 naH samIhitam / na ca jaiminiranyo vA sakaladezAdisAkSAtkArI sambhavati sattvapuruSatvAdeH rathyApuruSavat / atha prajJAyAH sAtizayatvAttatprakarSo'pyanumIyate ; tahi tata eva sakalArthadarzI kiM nAnumIyate ? | svapakSe cAnupalambhamapramANayan sarvajJAbhave kutaH pramANayedavizeSAt ? / 61-na cAnumAnaM tadbAdhakaM sambhavati; dharmigrahaNamantareNAnumAnApravRtteH, dharmagrahaNe vA tadgrAhakapramANabAdhitatvAdanutthAnamevAnumAnasya / atha vivAdAdhyAsitaH puruSaH sarvajJo na bhavati vaktRtvAt puruSatvAdvA rathyApuruSavadityanumAnaM tadbAdhakaM brUSe; tadasat ; yato yadi pramANaparidRSTArthavaktRtvaM hetuH; tadA viruddhaH, tAdRzasya vaktRtvasya sarvajJa eva bhAvAt / athAsadbhUtArthavaktRtvam ; tadA siddhasAdhyatA, pramANaviruddhArthavAdinAma sarvajJatveneSTatvAt / vaktRtvamAtraM tu sandigdhavipakSavyAvRttikatvAdanaikAntikam jJAnaprakarSe vaktRtvApakarSAdarzanAt, pratyuta jJAnAtizayavato vaktRtvAtizayasyaivopajAtA hai, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM Apa svayaM sarvajJa ho jAe~ge / kintu jaimini yA anya koI puruSa sampUrNa dezAdi ko sAkSAt karane vAlA ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki vaha sat athavA puruSa hai / jo sat yA puruSa hotA hai vaha sakala deza Adi kA sAkSAtkarttA nahIM ho sakatA, jaise ki rAhagIra / ( yaha ApakA hI mata hai / ) zaMkA- prajJA meM taratamatA dekhI jAtI hai. ataeva kisI puruSa meM usake prakarSa kA anu. mAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| samAdhAna-yadi prajJA ke prakarSa kA anumAna karate ho to sarvadarzo kA hI anumAna kyoM nahIM kara lete ! apane pakSa meM anupalambha ko pramANa nahIM svIkAra karate to sarvajJa kA abhAva siddha karane meM use pramANa kaise mAna sakate ho ? 61 - anumAna pramANa bhI sarvajJa kA bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA / dharmI ( pakSa prastuta meM sarvajJa) ko jAne vinA anumAna kI pravRtti nahIM hotI / agara dharmI sarvajJa-kA jAna lenA svIkAra karo to jisa pramANa se dharmo kA grahaNa kiyA jAegA vahI pramANa sarvajJaniSedhaka anumAna kA bAdhaka ho jAegA / aisI sthiti anumAnabAdhita pakSa hone se anumAna ho hI nahIM sakatA / zaMkA-vivAdagrasta puruSa sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai yA kyoMki vaha puruSa hai / jo vaktA athavA puruSa hotA hai / vaha sarvajJa nahIM hotA, jaise koI rAhagIra / ' yaha anumAna sarvajJa kA bAdhaka hai / samAdhAna nahIM hai / yahA~ vaktRtva kA abhiprAya kyA hai ? yadi pramANadRSTa arthoM ke vaktRtva se abhiprAya ho to hetu viruddha hai, arthAt yaha ulaTA sarvajJatA ko siddha karatA hai, kyoMki aisA vaktRtva sarvajJa meM hI ho sakatA hai / agara asaddbhUta arthoM kA vaktRtva kahate ho to vaha siddha ko hI siddha karatA hai / pramANaviruddha vaktA ko hama bhI sarvajJa svIkAra nahIM karate / yadi vaktRtva mAtra ko hetu kahA jAya to saMdigdhavipakSavyAvRttika hone se vyabhicArI hai, arthAt sAmAnya vaktRtva sarvajJa meM bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jJAna kI vRddhi hone para vaktRtva kI hAni nahIM dekhI jAtI / isake viparIta jJAna kA utkarSa hone para vaktRtva kA utkarSa hI dekhA jAtA hai /
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________________ "34 pramANamImAMsA labdhaH / etena puruSatvamapi nirastam / puruSatvaM hi yadi rAgAdyadUSitaM tadA viruddhamjJAnavairAgyAdiguNayuktapuruSatvasya srvjnytaamntrennaanupptteH| rAgAdidUSite tu puruSatve siddhasAdhyatA / puruSatvasAmAnyaM tu sandigdhavipakSavyAvRttikamityabAdhakam / 62--nApyAgamastadbAdhakaH tasyApauruSeyasyAsambhavAt sambhave vA tadbAdhakasya tasyAdarzanAt / sarvajJopajJazcAgamaH kathaM tadbAdhakaH ?, ityalamatiprasaGgeneti // 17 // 63-na kevalaM kevalameva mukhyaM pratyakSamapi tvanyadapotyAha-- tattAratamye'vadhimanaHparyAyau ca // 18 // 64--sarvathAvaraNavilaye kevalam, tasyAvaraNavilayasya 'tAratamya' AvaraNakSayopazamavizeSe tannimittakaH 'avadhiH' avadhijJAnaM 'manaHparyAyaH' manaHparyAyajJAnaM ca mukhyamindriyAnapekSaM pratyakSam / tatrAvadhIyata iti 'avadhiH' maryAdA, sA ca "rUpiSvavadheH"(tattvA0 1.28] iti vacanAt rUpavadravyaviSayA avadhyupalakSitaM jnyaanmpyvdhiH| uparyukta kathana se puruSatva hetu bhI khaMDita ho jAtA hai| yahA~ bhI tIna vikalpa ho sakate hai-(1) rAgAdi se adUSita puruSatva (2) rAgAdi se dUSita puruSatva aura (3) puruSatva sAmAnya / pahalA pakSa liyA jAya to hetu viruddha hai, kyoM ka jJAna vairAgya Adi se yukta puruSatva sarvajJatA ke vinA saMbhava nahIM hai| dUsare pakSa meM siddhasAdhyatA hai, kyoMki rAgAdi se dUSita puruSa ko hama sarvajJa mAnate hI nhiiN| tIsare pakSa meM puruSatvasAmAnya saMdigdhavipakSavyAvRttika hai| kyoMki sarvajJatva ke sAtha puruSatva kA koI virodha nahIM hai| isa prakAra anumAna pramANa bhI sarvajJatA kA bAdhaka siddha nahIM hotaa| 62-Agama pramANa bhI bAdhaka nahIM hai / apauruSeya Agama to koI ho hI nahIM sakatA aura mAna bhI liyA jAya to vaha bAdhaka dIkhatA nahIM / sarvajJakRta Agama sarvajJatva kA bAdhaka ho hI kaise sakatA hai ? (asarvajJakRta Agama prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA) / aba yaha carcA adhika nahIM karate // 17 // 63-sirpha kevalajJAna hI mukhya pratyakSa nahIM hai, kintu anya jJAna bhI mukhya pratyakSa haiM, yaha batalAte haiM artha--AvaraNakSaya kA tAratamya hone para arvAdha aura manaHparyAya jJAna hote hai| ve bhI mukhya pratyakSa haiM // 18 // 64-jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para kevalajJAna hotA hai| kintu jaba AvaraNakSaya kA tAratamya hotA hai arthAt viziSTa kSayopakSama hotA hai taba indriyoM kI apekSA na rakhane vAlA adhijJAna aura manaHparyAya utpanna hotA hai| yaha donoM jJAna bhI mukhya pratyakSa haiM / arvAdha arthAt maryAdA se yukta jJAna arvAdhajJAna kahalAtA hai| maryAdA yaha hai ki yaha jJAna rUpI dravyoM ko hI "kAnatA hai / tatvArthasUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai-'rUpI dravyoM meM hI adhijJAna ke viSaya kA niyama hai|'
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 35 sa dvadhA bhavapratyayo guNapratyayazca / tatrAdyo devanArakANAM pakSiNAmiva viyadgamanam / guNapratyayo manuSyANAM tirazcAM ca / 65--manaso dravyarUpasya paryAyAzcintanAnuguNAH pariNAmabhedAstadviSayaM jJAnaM 'mnHpryaayH'| tathAvadhimanaHparyAyAnyathAnupapattyA tu yadvAhyacintanIyArthajJAnaM tat AnumAnikameva na manaHparyAyapratyakSam, yadAhuH-- "jANai bajjheNumANeNaM / " [vizeSA0 gA0 814] 66--nanu rUpidravyaviSayatve kSAyopazamikatve ca tulye ko vizeSo'vadhimanaHparyAyayorityAha vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayabhedAt tadbhadaH // 19 // 67--satyapi kathaJcitsAdharmya vizuddhayAdibhedAdavadhimanaHparyAyajJAnayorbhedaH / tatrAvadhijJAnAnmanaHparyAyajJAnaM vizuddhataram / yAni hi manodravyANi avadhijJAnI jAnIte tAni manaHparyAyajJAnI vizuddhatarANi jaaniite| 68-kSetrakRtazcAnayorbhedaH-avadhijJAnamaMgulasyAsaMkhayabhAgAdiSu bhavati A sarvalokAt, manaHparyAyajJAnaM tu manuSyakSetra eva bhavati / yaha jJAna do prakAra kA hai-mavapratyaya aura gunnprtyy| bhava-kA nimitta pAkara hone vAlA bhavapratyaya kahalAtA hai,jaise pakSiyoM kA AkAzagamana bhava ke nimitta se hotA hai / isa prakAra kA jJAna devoM aura nArakoM ko hI hotA hai| dUsarA gaNapratyaya arvAdha manuSyoM aura tiyaMcoM ko hI hotA hai| 65-dravyamana ke, cintana ke anurUpa jo nAnA prakAra ke paryAya hote haiM, unheM jAnane vAlA jJAna manaHparyAya jJAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra ke padArtha kA cintana kiye binA aise paryAya nahIM ho sakate ' aisA avinAbhAva kA vicAra karane se bAhya cintita padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai / yaha jJAna anumAna hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise-jaise padArtha kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai, vaise vaise hI mana ke paryApa hote rahate haiM / manaHparyAya jJAna unhIM paryAyoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai| phira una paryAyoM ke AdhAra para anumAna se ghaTa Adi bAhya padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai / bAhya padArthoM ke isa jJAna ko manaHparyAyajJAna nahIM samajhanA cAhie / bhASya meM bhI kahA hai- 'manaHparyAyajJAnI bAhma padArthoM ko anumAna se jAnatA hai // 18 // 66-zaMkA--avadhi aura manaHparyAya donoM jJAna rUpI dravyoM ko hI jAnate haiM aura donoM kSAyopazamika haiM to unameM bheda kyA hai ? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna___ artha-vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSaya ke bheda se donoM meM bheda hai // 19 // 67-kisI apekSA se samAnatA hone para bhI vizuddhi Adi ke bheda se avadhijJAna aura manaHparyAya jJAna meM bheda hai| vizuddhibheda-avadhijJAna se manaHparyAya jJAna adhika vizuddha hai| jina mano dravyoM ko avadhijJAnI jAnatA hai, unheM manaHparyAyajJAnI adhika vizuddha rUpa se jAnatA hai| 68-kSetrabheda-avadhijJAna aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga Adi kSetra se lagA kara samasta lokaparyanta
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 69-svAmikRto'pi-avadhijJAnaM saMyatasyAsaMyatasya saMyatAsaMyatasya ca sarvagatiSu bhavati ; manaHparyAyajJAnaM tu manuSyasaMyatasya prakRSTacAritrasya pramattAdiSu kSINakaSAyAnteSu guNasthAnakeSu bhavati / tatrApi vardhamAnapariNAmasya netarasya / vardhamAnapariNAmasyApi RddhiprAptasya netarasya / RddhiprAptasyApi kasyacinna sarvasyeti / / 70-viSayakRtazca-rUpavadravyeSvasarvaparyAyaSvavadheviSayanibandhastadanantabhAge manaHparyAyasya iti / avasitaM mukhyaM pratyakSam // 19 // 71-atha sAMvyavahArikamAhaindriyamanonimittA'vagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA sAMvyavahArikam // 20 // 72--indriyANi sparzanAdIni vakSyamANalakSaNAni, manazca nimittaM kAraNaM yasya sa tathA / sAmAnyalakSaNAnuvRttaH samyagarthanirNayasyedaM vizeSaNaM tena indriyamanonimittaH' samyagarthanirNayaH / kAraNamuktvA svarUpamAha-'avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA' / avagrahAdayo vakSyamANalakSaNAH ta AtmA yasya so'vgrhhaavaaydhaarnnaatmaa| 'Atma' grahaNaM ca krameNotpadyamAnAnAmapyavagrahAdInAM nAtyantiko bhedaH kintu pUrvapUrvasyottarottararUpatayA hotA hai, arthAt jaghanyataH aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kSetra meM sthita aura utkRSTa sampUrNa loka meM sthita rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, jaba ki manaHparyAya jJAna manuSya kSetra meM hI hotA hai arthAt ar3hAI dvIpa meM sthita saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke mana ke paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai| 69-svAmibheda-avidhajJAna saMyamI,asaMyamI aura saMyamAsaMyamI ko sarva gatiyoM meM hotA hai, manaH paryAyajJAna manuSya saMyata aura utkRSTa cAritravAle muni ko hI hotA hai| vaha pramattasaMyata se kSINakaSAyaparyanta guNasthAnoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| inameM bhI vardhamAna pariNAmavAle ko hI hotA hai anya ko nahIM / vardhamAna pariNAmavAloM meM se bhI RddhiprApta ko hI hotA hai, jo Rddhisampanna na ho use nahIM hotaa| RddhiprApta meM se bhI kisI-kisI ko hotA hai, saba ko nahIM / 70-viSayabheda-avidhajJAna saba rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai para unake saba paryAyoM ko nahIM jAnatA manaHparyAyajJAna unake anantaveM bhAga ko viSaya karatA hai / mukhya pratyakSa kA nirUpaNa samApta huA / 19 / 71-sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA lakSaNa artha-indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA tathA avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA svarUpa vAlA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahalAtA hai // 20 // 72-Age kahI jAne vAlI sparzana Adi indriyA~ aura mana jisameM kAraNa hoM vaha indriyamano nimitta' kahalAtA hai| pramANa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA adhyAhAra hone se yaha vizeSaNa 'samyagarthanirNaya kA samajhanA cAhie / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo samyagarthanirNaya indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hotA hai vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / yaha kAraNa kA nirUpaNa huaa| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA svarUpa vAlA hai / sUtra meM 'AtmA' zabda kA prayoga yaha pradarzita karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai ki-yadyapi avagraha Adi krama se utpanna hote haiM, phira bhI unameM sarvathA bheda nahIM hai-ve mUlataH alaga-alaga jJAna nahIM haiM, balki pUrva--pUrva kA hI uttara--uttara rUpa meM
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 37 pariNAmAdekAtmakatvamiti pradarzanArtham / samIcInaH pravRttinivRttirUpo vyavahAraH saMvyavahArastatprayojanaM 'sAMvyavahArikam ' pratyakSam / indriyamanonimittatvaM ca samastaM vyastaM ca boddhavyam / indriyaprAdhAnyAt manobalAdhAnAccotpadyamAna indriyajaH / manasa eva vizuddhasavyapekSA dupajAyamAno manonimitta iti / 73-nanu svasaMvedanarUpamanyadapi pratyakSamasti tat kasmAnnoktam ?, iti na vAcyam; indriyajajJAnasvasaMvedanasyendriyapratyakSe, anindriyajasukhAdisaMvedanasya manaHpratyakSe, yogipratyakSasvasaMvedanasya yogipratyakSe'ntarbhAvAt / smRtyAdisvasaMvedanaM tu mAnasameveti nAparaM svasaMvedanaM nAma pratyakSamastIti bhedena noktam // 20 // 74 -- indriyetyuktamitIndriyANi lakSayati-sparzarasagandharUpazabdagrahaNalakSaNAni sparzanarasanatrANacakSuHzrotrANIndriyANi dravyabhAvabhedAni // 21 // 75--sparzAdigrahaNaM lakSaNaM yeSAM tAni yathAsaGkhyaM sparzanAdInIndriyANi, tathAhi pariNamana ho jAtA hai arthAt avagrahajJAna IhA ke rUpa meM, IhA avAya-rUpa meM aura avAya dhAraNA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra unameM ekAtmatA bhI hai / samIcIna pravRtti aura nivRtti rUpa vyavahAra saMvyavahAra kahalAtA hai / saMvyavahAra jisakA prayojana ho use 'sAMvyavahArika' kahate haiM / sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM indriyoM ko aura mana ko kAraNa kahA hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM, ki ye sammilita hI kAraNa hoM - alaga-alaga bhI kAraNa hote haiM aura sammilita bhI / jisa jJAna meM indriyA~ pradhAna aura mana gauNa rUpa se kAraNa ho, vaha indriyasAMvyavahArika' kahalAtA hai aura vizuddhiyukta mana se hI jo utpanna ho vaha 'mano nimittaka' kahalAtA hai / 73 - zaMkA--'svasaMvedana' nAmaka eka pratyakSa aura hai / use yahA~ kyoM nahIM batalAyA ? samAdhAna - svasaMvedana pratyakSa hai, kintu vaha inase pRthak nahIM hai / indriyaja jJAna kA svasaMvedana indriyajapratyakSa meM, manonimittaka jJAna kA svasaMvedana manonimittakapratyakSa meM aura yogipratyakSasvasaMvedana kA yogipratyakSa meM antargata hai| smRti Adi jJAnoM kA svasaMvedana mAnasapratyakSa meM antargata hai / isakAraNa svasaMvedanapratyakSa ko pRthaka nahIM kahA hai // 20 // 74 - indriyoM kA svarUpa artha- sparzana, rasanA, prANa, cakSu aura zrotra, yaha pA~ca indriyA~ haiM / krama se sparza, gaMdha rUpa aura zabda ko grahaNa karanA lakSaNa hai / yaha pA~coM indriyA~ do-do prakAra kI haiM- dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya // 21 sparza ko grahaNa karanA sparzendriya kA lakSaNa hai, rasa ko grahaNa karanA rasanendriya kA lakSaNa hai, gaMdha ko grahaNa karanA ghrANendriya kA lakSaNa hai, rUpa ko grahaNa karanA cakSurindriya kA lakSaNa hai aura zabda ko grahaNa karanA zrotrendriya kA lakSaNa hai /
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________________ 38 pramANamImAMsA sparzAdyupalabdhiH karaNapUrvA kriyAtvAt chidikriyAvat / tatrendreNa karmaNA sRSTAnIndriyANi nAmakarmodayanimittatvAt / indrasyAtmano ligAni vA, karmamalImasasya hi svayamarthAnupalabdhumasamarthasyAtmano'rthopalabdhau nimittAni indriyANi / 76--nanvevamAtmano'rthajJAnamindriyAt liMgAdupajAyamAnamAnumAnikaM syAt / tathA ca liMgAparijJAne'numAnAnudayAt / tasyAnumAnAtparijJAne'navasthAprasaMgaH; naivam ; bhAvendriyasya svasaMviditatvenAnavasthAnavakAzAt / yadvA indrasyAtmano liMgAnyAtma-gamakAni indriyANi karaNasya vAsyAdivatkartradhiSThitatvadarzanAt / 77 -- tAni ca dravyabhAvarUpeNa bhidyante / tatra dravyendriyANi nAmakarmodayanimitAni, bhAvendriyANi punastadAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopazamanimittAni / saiSA paJcasUtrI sparzagrahaNalakSaNaM sparzanendriyaM rasagrahaNalakSaNaM rasanendriyamityAdi / sakalasaMsAriSu bhAvAccharIravyApakatvAcca sparzanatya pUrvaM nirdezaH, tataH krameNAtpAlpajIvaviSayatvAdrasanaghrANacakSuH zrotrANAm / sparza Adi kI upalabdhi karaNa ke dvArA hI hotI hai, kyoMki vaha kriyA hai, pratyeka kriyA karaNa ke dvArA hI huA karatI hai, jaise chedana-kriyA kuThAra ke dvArA hotI hai| isa prakAra sparza Adi kI upalabdhi meM jo karaNa hai. vahI indriya hai / indra arthAt nAma karma ke dvArA jinakA nirmANa huA ho vaha indriyA~ / athavAindra arthAt AtmA ke lie jo liMga-karaNa hoM vaha indriyA~ / karmoM se malIna AtmA svayaM padArthoM ko jAnane meM asamartha hai / indriyA~ usake jAnane meM nimitta hotI haiM / 76- zaMkA- yadi AtmA ko indriya rUpa liMga se padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai to vaha jJAna anumAna kahalAegA | aura anumAna kI utpatti liMga kA jJAna hue vinA ho nahIM sktii| liMga kA jJAna bhI yadi anumAna se mAnA jAya to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai / arthAt liMga jJAnajanaka vaha anumAna bhI liMga ko jAna lene para hI hogA aura vaha liMga phira anumAnAntara se jAnA jaaegaa| isa prakAra kahIM vizrAMti hI nahIM hogii| samAdhAna-aisI bAta nahIM hai bhAvendriyA~ svasaMvedI haiM arthAt Apa hI apane ko jAna letI haiM, ataeva anavasthA ko koI avakAza nahIM hai / athavA indra arthAt AtmA ke jo liMga hoM - jinase AtmA ke astitva kI pratIti hotI ho unheM indriya kahate haiM / jitane bhI vasUlA Adi karaNa haiM ve saba karttA dvArA adhiSThita hokara hI kriyA karate haiM / indriyA~ karaNa haiM to ve bhI kartA se adhiSThita honI caahie| vaha kartA hI AtmA hai / isa prakAra indriyoM se AtmA kA anumAna hotA hai / 77 - indriyA~ do prakAra kI haiM- dravyendriyA~ aura bhAvendriyA~, dravyendriyA~ nAmakarma ke udaya se banatI haiN| bhAvendriyA~ indriyAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazaya se hotI haiM / sparza ko viSaya karane vAlI sparzanendriya hai, evaM pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya meM yathAyogyasa majha lenA cAhie / samasta jIvoM meM jIvoM ko prApta sarvaprathama sparzanendriya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha saMsAra ke pAI jAtI hai aura sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai / tatpazcAt krama se alpa- alpa
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________________ pramANamImAMsA - 78--tatra sparzanendriyaM tadAvaraNakSayopazamasambhavaM pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatInAM zeSendriyAvaraNavatAM sthAvarANAM jIvAnAm / teSAM ca "puDhavI cittamantamakkhAyA" [dazava0 4. 1] ityAderAptAgamAtsiddhiH / anumAnAcca--jJAnaM kvacidAtmani paramApakarSavat apakRSyamANavizeSatvAt parimANavat, yatra tadapakarSaparyantasta ekendriyAH sthAvarAH / na ca sparzanendriyasyApyabhAve bhasmAdiSu jJAnasyApakoM yuktH| tatra hi jJAnasyAbhAva eva na punarapakarSastato yathA gaganaparimANAdArabhyApakRSyamANavizeSaM parimANaM paramANau paramApakarSavat tathA jJAnamapi kevalajJAnAdArabhyApakRSyamANavizeSamekendriyeSvatyantamapakRSyate / pRthivyAdInAM ca pratyekaM jIvatvasiddhiragre vakSyate / sparzanarasanendriye kRmi-apAdikA-nUpuraka-gaNDUpada-zaMkha-zuktikA-zambUkA-jalUkAprabhR-- tInAM trasAnAm / sparzana-rasana-ghrANAni-pipIlakA-rohaNikA-upacikA-kunthu-tubaraka pusa-bIja-karpAsAsthikA-zatapadI-ayenaka-tRNapatra-kASThahArakAdInAm / sparzana-rasanaghrANa-caDhUMSi bhramara-vaTara-sAraMga-makSikA-puttikA-daMza-mazaka-vRzcika-nandyAvarttahone se rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra kA grahaNa kiyA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sparzanendriya kI apekSA rasanendriya kama jIvoM ko prApta hotI hai,rasanA kI apekSA ghrANa aura bhI kama jIboM ko prApta hai.isIprakAra ghrANa kI apekSA cakSa aura cakSa kI apekSA zrotra indriya kama jIvoM ko prApa 78-sparzanendriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAlI sparzanendriya akelI unhIM / pRthvIkAya, apakAya,tejaskAya,vAyukAya aura vanaspati kAya ke sthAvara jIvoM ko hotI hai,jinako zeSa-indriyAvaraNa kA udaya hai / 'pRthvI sacitta kahI gaI hai' ityAdi AptapraNIta Agama se sthAvara jIvoM kI sattA / ___ anumAna pramANa se bhI unakI siddhi hotI hai, yathA-kisI AtmA meM jJAna kA parama apakarSa (carama zreNI kI nyUnatA) hai kyoMki jJAna apakRSTa hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai, jaise primaann| arthAt jaise parimANa kA parama prakarSa AkAza meM hai, phira anukrama se lokAkAza, madhyaloka, jaMbadvIpa Adi meM kama hotA-hotA paramANu meM saba se kama hai, isI prakAra jJAna kA parama prakarSa sarvajJa meM hai, phira aneka jIvoM meM kama hote-hote kahIM saba se kama hai| jina jIvoM meM sabase kama jJAna hai arthAt jJAna kA parama apakarSa hai, vahI sthAvara kahalAte haiM / zaMkA--sparzanendriya ke bhI abhAva meM bhasma Adi meM jJAna kA apakarSa dekhA jAtA hai| samAdhAna--bhasma Adi meM jJAna kA apakarSa (kamI) nahIM hai, vahA~ to usakA sarvathA amAva hI hai / pRthvIkAya Adi jIva haiM.yaha Age kaheMge sparzana aura rasanA, yaha do indriyA~ kRmi, apAdikA, napuraka, gaNDapada, zaMkha, zakti, zambakA, jalaukA Adi trasa jIvoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa, yaha tIna drayA~ pipIlikA, rohaNikA, upacikA, kunthu,tubaraka, trapusa, bIja, kAsAsthikA, zatapadI, yenaka, tRNapatra, kASThahAraka Adi jIvoM meM hotI hai| sparzana, rasanA ghrANa aura cakSa, yaha . cAra indriyA~ bhramara, vaTara,sAraMga, makSikA, puttikA, vaMza, mazaka, nandyAvartta, (kSudra jantu vizeSa)
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________________ 40 pramANamImAMsA kITaka-pataMgAdInAm / saha zrotreNa tAni matsya-uraga-bhujaga-pakSi-catuSpadAnAM tiryagyonijAnAM sarveSAM ca nArakamanuSyadevAnAmiti / 79--nanu vacanAdAnaviharaNotsargAnandahetavo vAkpANipAdapAyUpasthalakSaNAnyapondriyANIti sAMkhayAstatkathaM paJcaivendriyANi ? ;na; jJAnavizeSahetUnAmevehendriyatvenAdhikRtatvAt, ceSTAvizeSanimittatvenendriyatvakalpanAyAmindriyAnantyaprasaMgaH, ceSTAvizeSANAmanantatvAt,tasmAd vyaktinirdezAt paJcaivendriyANi / 80-teSAM ca parasparaM syAdabhedo dravyArthAdezAt, syAdbhedaH paryAyArthAdezAt, abhedakAnte hi sparzanena sparzasyeva rasAderapi grahaNaprasaMgaH / tathAcendriyAntarakalpanA vaiyarthyam, kasyacit sAkalye vaikalye vAnyeSAM sAkalyavaikalyaprasaMgazca / bhedaikAnte'pi teSAmekatra sakala (saGkalana)jJAnajanakatvAbhAvaprasaMgaH santAnAntarendriyavat / manastasya janakamiti cet, na; tasyendriyanirapekSasya tajjanakatvAbhAvAt / indriyApekSaM mano'nusandhAnasya janakamiti cet, santAnAntarendriyApekSasya kuto na janakatvamiti vaacym?| pratyAsatterabhAvAditi cet atra kA pratyAsattiranyatraikadravyatAdAtmyAt ?, koTa, pataMga Adi meM hotI haiM zrotrasahita pA~coM indriyA~ matsya,uraga, bhujaga, pakSI, catuSpada Adi tiyaMcoM meM tathA samasta nArakoM, manuSyoM aura devoM meM hotI haiN| ____79-zaMkA-vacana, AdAna, viharaNa, malotsarga aura Ananda kA kAraNa vAk pANi, pAda pAyu aura upastha-nAmaka pA~va indriyA~ aura haiM, yaha sAMkhya mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM pA~ca hI indriyA~ kyoM ? samAdhAna-aisA na kaho / jo kisI viziSTa jJAna kA kAraNa hai, yahAM unhIM ko indriya mAnA gayA hai| ceSTA-vizeSa ke hetuoM ko yadi indriya mAna leM to indriyA~ ananta ho jAe~gI, kyoMki ceSTAe~ ananta hotI haiN| ataeva vizeSa-nirdeza se indriyA~ pA~ca hI haiN| 80-pA~coM indriyA~ dravyAthika naya ko apekSA se abhinna haiM aura paryAyAthika naya kI apekSA se bhinna haiN| unameM yadi ekAnta abheda mAnA jAya to jaise sparzanendriya se sparza kA grahaNa hotA hai usI prakAra usase rasa Adi kA bhI grahaNa honA cAhie / jaba eka hI indriya samI viSayoM ko grAhaka ho jAegI to dUsarI indriyoM ko mAnanA vRthA hI ThaharegA / isake atirikta eka indriya kI pUrNatA hone para saba kI pUrNatA aura eka kI vikalatA meM sabhI ko vikalatA ho jaaegii| indriyoM kA ekAnta bheda mAnA jAya to jaise bhinna-bhinna puruSoM kI indriyA~ kisI eka viSaya meM saMkalanajJAna (jor3arUpa jJAna) utpanna nahIM kara sakatIM, usI prakAra eka puruSa kI indriyA~ bhI nahIM kara skeNgii| (maine dekhA bhI hai, sUMghA bhI hai, cakhA bhI hai, chuA bhI hai, isa prakAra ke saMkalanajJAna se unako abhinnatA bhI siddha hotI hai|)-shNkaa-yh saMkalanajJAna mana se hotA hai / samAdhAna-nahIM, indriyanirapekSa mana use utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| -zaMkA-indriyoM kI sahAyatA se mana saMkalanajJAna utpanna karatA hai| samAdhAna-to dUsare puruSa kI indriyoM kI sahAyatA se dUsare puruSa kA mana kyoM nahIM anusandhAna karatA? zaMkA-unakA usake sAtha sambaMdha nahIM hai| samAdhAna-to eka hI puruSa ko indriyoM meM ekadravyatAdAtmya ke atirikta anya kyA saMbaMdha hai ?
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 41 pratyAsattyantarasya ca vyabhicArAditi / etena teSAmAtmanA bhedAbhedaikAntau prativyUDhau / AtmanA karaNAnAmabhedaikAnte kartRtvaprasaMgaH, Atmano vA karaNatvaprasaMgaH, ubhayorubhayAtmakatvaprasaMgo vA, vizeSAbhAvAt / tatasteSAM bhedaikAnte cAtmanaH karaNatvAbhAvaH santAnAntarakaraNavadviparyayo veti pratItisiddhatvAdvAdhakAbhAvAccAnekAnta evAzrayaNIyaH / 81--dravyendriyANAmapi parasparaM svArambhakapudgaladravyebhyazca bhedAbhedadvArAnekAnta eva yuktaH, pud galadravyArthAdezAdabhedasya paryAyArthAdezAcca bhedasyopapadyamAnatvAt / 82 - evamindriyaviSayANAM sparzAdInAmapi dravyaparyAyarUpatayA bhedAbhedAtmakatvamavaseyam, tathaiva nirvAdhamupalabdheH / tathA ca na dravyamAtraM paryAyamAtraM vendriyaviSaya iti sparzAdInAM karmasAdhanatvaM bhAvasAdhanatvaM ca draSTavyam // 21 // 83 - ' dravyabhAvabhedAni' ityuktaM tAni krameNa lakSayatidravyendriyaM niyatAkArAH pudgalAH || 22|| dUsarA saMbaMdha mAnane meM bAdhA AtI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki eka puruSa kI pA~coM indriyA~ ekadravyatAdAtmya se sambaddha haiM / yahI unakA abheda hai / yaha to indriyoM ke pArasparika bheda-abheda kI bAta huI / isase AtmA ke sAtha unakI sarvathA bhinnatA yA sarvathA abhinnatA bhI khaMDita ho jAtI hai / yadi AtmA se indriyoM kA ekAnta * abheda mAnA jAya to yA to AtmA kI taraha indriyoM ko bhI karttA mAnanA paDegA yA indriyoM kI taraha AtmA ko bhI karaNa mAnanA hogA, athavA donoM hI donoM rUpoM meM svIkAra karanA hogA / AtmA ko kartA aura indriyoM ko karaNa mAnate hue bhI donoM meM sarvathA abheda kahanA asaMgata hai| isake viparIta, yadi indriyoM kA AtmA se ekAnta bheda mAna liyA jAya to dUsare kI indriyoM ke samAna apanI kahalAne vAlI indriyA~ bhI karaNa nahIM ho sakeMgI / athavA viparyaya ho jAegAparAI indriyA~ karaNa ho jAe~ aura apanI indriyA~ karaNa na hoM (AtmA se indriyoM kA sarvathA pArthakya hone para apanI parAI indriyoM meM koI vizeSatA to hogI nahIM) ataeva bhedAbheda ke viSaya meM anekAnta kA hI Azraya lenA jAhie, kyoMki aisI hI pratIti hotI hai aura usameM koI bAdhA bhI nahIM hai / 81 - jina pudgaladravyoM se dravyendriyA~ nirmita hotI haiM, ve paraspara kathaMcit bhinna- abhinna haiM / unameM dravya kI apekSA abheda aura paryAya kI apekSA bheda kI siddhi hotI hai / 82 - isI prakAra indriyoM ke viSaya sparza Adi bhI dravya kI apekSA abhinna aura paryAya kI apekSA bhinna haiM / aisI hI nirbAdha pratIti hotI hai| ataeva indriyoM kA viSaya na akelA dravya hai, na akelA paryAya hai / sparza Adi zabda karmasAdhana haiM aura bhAva-sAdhana bhI haiM / arthAt 'jise chuA jAya vaha sparza kahalAtA hai aura chUnA bhI sparza kahalAtA hai // 21 // dravya aura bhAva ye do bheda ( indriyoM ke ) kahe haiM / aba unako kramazaH batAte haiM83-dravyendriya kA svarUpa - ( artha ) niyata AkAra vAle pudgala dravyendriya kahalAte haiM / 22 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 84--'dravyendriyam' ityekavacanaM jAtyAzrayaNAt / niyato viziSTo bAhya AbhyantarazcAkAraH saMsthAnavizeSo yeSAM te niyatAkArAH'pUraNagalanadharmANaHsparzarasagandhavarNa vantaH 'pudgalAH', tathAhi zrotrAdiSu yaH karNazaSkulIprabhRtirbAhyaH pudgalAnAM pracayo yazcAbhyantaraH kadambagolakAdyAkAraH sa sarvo dravyendriyam,pudgaladravyarUpatvAt / aprAdhAnye vA dravyazabdo yathA aMgAramaIko dravyAcArya iti| apradhAnamindriyaM dravyendriyam, vyApAravatyapi tasmin sannihite'pi cAlokaprabhatini sahakAripaTale bhAvendriyaM vinA sparzAdhupalabdhyasiddhaH // 22 // bhAvandriyaM labdhyupayogau // 23 // 85-lambhanaM 'labdhiH' jnyaanaavrnnkrmkssyopshmvishessH| yatsannidhAnAdAtmA dravyendriyanivRtti prati vyApriyate tannimitta AtmanaH pariNAmavizeSa upayogaH / atrApi 'bhAvendriyam' ityekavacanaM jAtyAzrayaNAt / bhAvazabdo'nupasarjanArthaH / yathaivendanadharmayogitvenAnupacaritendratvo bhAvendra ucyate tathaivendraliMgatvAdidharmayogenAnupacaritendraliMgatvAdidharmayogi 'bhAvendriyam' / 84-sUtra meM sAmAnya kI apekSA 'dravyendriyam' yaha ekavacanatAnta prayoga kiyA hai / jinakA bhItarI yA bAharI AkAra eka vizeSa prakAra kA ho, unheM 'niyatAkAra' kahate haiM / jo pUraNa aura galana arthAt milane evaM bichuDane ke svabhAvavAlA hai vaha rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura varNavAlA dravya 'pudgala' kahalAtA hai| jaise zrotra Adi indriyoM meM karNazaSkulo Adi jo bAhya AkAra hai| aura kadambagolaka Adi Abhyantara AkAra hai, vaha saba pudgala dravyamaya hone ke kAraNa dravyendriya hai / jo pradhAna na ho vaha bhI 'dravya' kahalAtA hai, jaise aMgAroM ko kucalane vAlA AcArya 'dravyAcArya' kahalAtA hai| isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra apradhAna indriya dravyendriya kahalAtI hai| dravyendriya ko apradhAnatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki usakI pravRtti hone para bhI aura Aloka Adi sahakArI kAraNoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI bhAvendriya ke vinA sparza Adi kA jJAna nahIM hotA // 2 // bhAvendriya kA svarUpa-(artha) labdhi aura upayoga bhAvendriya haiM // 23 // 85-jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazayavizeSa ko 'labdhi' kahate haiN| jisake sannidhAna se AtmA dravyendriya kI nivRtti ke prati vyApAra karatA hai usake nimitta se hone vAlA AtmA kA viziSTa pariNamana 'upayoga kahalAtA hai / 'bhAvendriyam yaha eka vacana yahA~ bhI sAmAnya ko apekSA se prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'bhAva' zabda pradhAnatA kA vAcaka hai| jaise indana (aizvarya bhoga) rUpa kriyA ke pAye jAne ke kAraNa jisameM indratva pradhAna vAstavika hai, use 'bhAvendra' kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra indraliMgatva Adi dharma ke yoga se jisameM indraliMgatva pradhAna-vAstavika hai, use bhAvendriya' kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai-pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki indra (AtmA) ke liMga ko indriya kahate . haiN| yaha vyutpatti mukhya rUpa se jisa indriya meM ghaTita hotI hai, vahI bhAvendriya kahalAtI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 86-tatra labdhisvabhAvaM tAvadindriyaM svArthasaMvittAvAtmano yogyatAmAdadhabhAvendriyatAM pratipadyate / nahi tatrAyogyasya tadutpattirAkAzavadupapadyate svArthasaMvidyogyataiva ca labdhiriti / upayogasvabhAvaM punaH svArthasaMvidi vyApArAtmakam / nAvyApRtaM sparzanAdisaMvedanaM sparzAdi prakAzayituM zaktam, suSuptAdInAmapi ttprkaashktvpraapteH| 87-svArthaprakAzane vyApRtasya saMvedanasyopayogatve phalatvAdindriyatvAnupapattiriti cet, na; kAraNadharmasya kArye'nuvRtteH / nahi pAvakasya prakAzakatve tatkAryasya pradIpasya prakAzakatvaM virudhyate / na ca yenaiva svabhAvenopayogasyendriyatvam, tenaiva phalatvamiSyate yena virodhaH syAt / sAdhakatamasvabhAvena hi tasyendriyatvaM kriyArUpatayA ca phalatvam / yathaiva hi pradIpaH prakAzAtmanA prakAzayatItyatra sAdhakatamaH prakAzAtmA karaNam, kriyAtmA phalam, svatantratvAcca karteti sarvamidamanekAntavAde na durlabhamityalaM prasaMgena // 23 // 88--'manonimittaH' ityuktamiti mano lakSayati-- sAthagrahaNaM manaH // 24 // 86-labdhi-indriya AtmA meM sva-parajJAna kI zakti utpanna karatI hai| ataeva vaha bhAve. ndriya kahalAtI hai| sva aura para ke saMvedana kI zakti hI jisameM na ho, usameM AkAza kI taraha sva-parasaMvedana kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| aura sva--parasaMvedana kI zakti hI labdhi kahalAtI hai / upayoga rUpa bhAvendriya sva-parasaMvedana meM vyApArAtmaka hotI hai| kyoMki jaba taka sparza Adi saMvedana kA vyApAra nahIM hogA taba taka vaha sparza Adi ko jAna bhI nahIM sakegA / yadi vyApAra ke vinA hI jJAna uppanna hone lage to gaharI nidrA meM soye puruSa ko bhI sva-para-saMvedana ho! 87-zaMkA-apane aura padArtha ke prakAzana meM vyApta saMvedana ko upayoga mAneMge to use indriya nahIM kaha sakate / vaha to phala (kArya) hai, use indriya (karaNa) kase kahA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-aisA na kahie / kAraNa kA dharma kArya meM bhI AtA hai| agni prakAzaka hai to usakA kArya dIpaka prakAzaka na ho, aisI bAta to nahIM hai| upayoga jisa svamAva se indriya hai, usI svabhAva se phala bhI hai, aisA hama nahIM mAnate, jisameM paraspara virodha ho| upayoga sAdhakatama hone se indriya hai aura kriyArUpa hone se phala bhI hai| jaise 'bIpaka apane prakAzasvabhAva se prakAzatA hai' yahA~ dIpaka kA prakAzasvabhAva karaNa hai aura prakAzanA kriyArUpa phala hai| sAtha hI dIpaka svatatra hone se kartA bhI hai| isa drakAra kI yojanA anekAnta vAda meM durlabha nahIM hai| isa ko yahIM samApta karate haiM / 23 // 88--sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM mana ko mo nimitta kahA thA, ataH usakA svarUpa batalAte haiM-(artha) sarva artha jisake dvArA grahaNa kiye jAe~ vaha mana kahalAtA hai // 24 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA - 89--sarve na tu sparzanAdInAM sparzAdivat pratiniyatA evArthA gRhyante'neneti 'sarvArthagrahaNaM manaH' 'anindriyam' iti 'noindriyam' iti cocyate / sarvArthaM mana ityucyamAne Atmanyapi prasaMga iti karaNatvapratipAdanArthaM 'grahaNam' ityuktam / AtmA tu karteti nAtivyAptiH, sarvArthagrahaNaM ca manasaH prasiddhameva / yat vAcakamukhyaH zrutamanindriyasya / " [tattvA* 2. 22] zrutamiti hi viSayiNA viSayasya nirdezaH / upalakSaNaM ca zrutaM mateH tena matizrutayoryo viSayaH sa manaso viSaya ityarthaH / "matizrutayonibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu" tattvA0 1.27) iti vAcakavacanAnmatizrutajJAnayoH sarvaviSayatvamiti manaso'pi sarva viSayatvaM siddham / 90-mano'pi paMcendriyavad dravyabhAvabhedAt dvividhameva / tatra dravyamano manastvena pariNatAni pudgaladravyANi / bhAvamanastu tadAvaraNIyakarmakSayopazamAtmA labdhirAtmanazcArthagrahaNonmukho vyApAravizeSa iti // 24 // 91-nanvatyalpamidamucyate 'indrayamano nimittH'iti| anyadapi hi cakSurjJAnasya nimittamartha AlokazcAsti, yadAhuH-- "rUpAlokamanaskAracakSubhyaH samprajAyate / vijJAnaM maNisUryAMzugozakRdbhya ivAnalaH // " - 89-jaise sparzanendriya kekala sparza ko grahaNa karatI hai. isI prakAra niyata padArtha ho jisake dvArA grahaNa na kiye jAe~,kintu samasta padArya grahaNa kiye jAe~ vaha mana,anindriya aura noindriya kahalAtA hai / 'sarvArthagrahaNaM manaH' ke badale 'sarvArthaM manaH' aisA kahA hotA to yaha lakSaNa AtmA meM bhI calA jAtA / 'grahaNa' zabda kA grahaNa karake yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki mana karaNa hai| AtmA kartA hai, ataeva usameM isa lakSaNa kA prasaMga nahIM hotA / mana sabhI padArthoM ko jAnane meM karaNa hotA hai, yaha prasiddha hI hai| umAsvAti ne kahA hai-'shrutmnindriysy|' yahA~ viSayI ke dvArA viSaya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / 'zruta' zabda matijJAna kA upalakSaNa hai / abhiprAya yaha huA ki mati aura zrutajJAna kA jo viSaya hai vahI mana kA viSaya hai / 'mati zrutayonibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' arthAt matijJAna aura zrutajJAna sabhI dravyoM ko kintu unako asampUrNa paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM, isa kathana ke anusAra jaba mati-zrutajJAna sarvaviSayaka haiM to mana bhI sarvaviSayaka siddha huaa| 90--pA~coM indriyoM ke samAna mana bhI do prakAra kA hai--dravyamana aura bhAvamana / mana rUpa se pariNata hae pudagaladravyoM ko dravyamana kahate haiN| mana ko Avata karane vAle karma kA kSayopazama honA labdhi bhAvamana hai aura AtmA kA artha grahaNa kI ora hone vAlA vyApAra upayogabhAvamana hai // 24 // 91--zaMkA--Apane indriya aura mana ko kAraNa batalAkara adhUre kAraNa batalAe haiN| cAkSuSa jJAna meM artha aura Aloka bhI kAraNa hote haiN| kahA bhI hai--jaise maNi, sUrya kiraNa aura chAne rUpa aneka kAraNoM se agni utpanna hotI hai usI prakAra rUpa, Aloka, mana aura netra se jJAna
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________________ pramANamImAMsA ityatrAha-- nArthAloko jJAnasya nimittamavyAtarekAt // 25 // 92-bAhyo viSayaH prakAzazca na cakSurjJAnasya sAkSAtkAraNam,dezakAlAdivattu vyavahitakAraNatvaM na nivAryate,jJAnAvaraNAdikSayopazamasAmagyAmArAdupakAritvenAMjanAdivaccakSurupakAritvena cAbhyupagamAt / kutaH punaH sAkSAnna kAraNatvamityAha-'avyatirekAt vyatirekAbhAvAt / na hi tadbhAve bhAvalakSaNo'nvaya eva hetuphalabhAvanizcayanimittam, api tu tadabhAve'bhAvalakSaNo vyatireko'pi / na cAsAvalokayorhetubhAve'sti; marumarIcikAdau jalAbhAve'pi jalajJAnasya,vRSadaMzAdInAMcAlokAbhAve'pi sAndratamatamaHpaTalaviliptadezagatavastupratipattazca darzanAt / yoginAM cAtItAnAgatArthagrahaNe kimarthasya nimittatvam? / nimittatve cArthakriyAkAritvena sttvaadtiitaanaagttvksstiH| 93-na ca prakAzyAdAtmalAbha eva prakAzakasya prakAzakatvam,pradIpAderghaTAdibhyo'nutpannasyApi ttprkaashktvdrshnaat| IzvarajJAnasya ca nityatvenAbhyupagatasya kathamarthakI utpatti hotI hai / isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna-(artha)artha aura Aloka jJAna ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki vyatireka ghaTita nahIM hotA // 25 // 92--bAhya viSaya aura prakAza cAkSuSa jJAna meM sAkSAta kAraNa nahIM haiN| paranta deza aura kAla kI bhA~ti paramparA kAraNa hone kA yahA~ niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaise aMjana Adi padArtha netra kA upakAra karate haiM, usI prakAra bAhya viSaya aura Aloka jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazaya kI sAmagrI meM dUra se upakAraka hote haiM / prazna-ve sAkSAt kAraNa kyoM nahIM haiM ? uttara--jJAna ke sAtha unakA vyatireka nahIM bntaa| amuka ke hone para hI amuka kA honA (jaise agni ke hone para hI dhUma kA honA )anvaya kahalAtA hai aura na hone para na honA (jaise agni ke na hone para dhUma kA na honA) vyatireka kahA jAtA hai / kAryakAraNa bhAvakA nizcaya akele anvaya se hI nahIM hotA kintu vyatireka se bhI hotA hai / arthAt jisake hone para hI kArya ho aura jisake abhAva meM kArya na ho, vahI usa kArya ke prati kAraNa kahalAtA hai artha aura Aloka ko kAraNa mAnane meM vyatireka ghaTita nahIM hotA, kyoMki mRgatRSNA meM jalake abhAva meM bhI jala kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura sarpa, billI, ulaka Adi ko Aloka ke abhAva meM bhI saghana aMdhakAra se vyApta pradeza meM vastu kA jJAna hotA dekhA jAtA hai / aura yogI jana atItakAlIna aura anAgatakAlIna padArthoM ko jAnate haiM,vahA~ artha kaise nimitta ho sakatA hai ? yadi atIta-anAgata kAla ke.padArthoM ko jJAna kA nimitta mAna liyA jAya to ve arthakriyA-janaka hone se sat (vidyamAna) kahalAeMge,atIta aura anAgata nahIM raha jaaeNge| 93-yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzya se utpanna ho kara hI prakAzaka prakAzaka khlaae| dIpaka Adi ghaTa Adi se utpanna na hakara bhI unake prakAzaka dekhe jAte haiM / Izvara kA jJAna nitya mAnA jAtA hai, vaha arthajanita nahIM ho sktaa| tathApi arthoM kA prakAzaka to hotA hI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA janyatvaM nAma ? / asmadAdInAmapi janakasyaiva grAhyatvAbhyupagame smRtipratyabhijJAnAdeH pramANasyAprAmANyaprasaMgaH / yeSAM caikAntakSaNiko'rtho janakazca grAhya iti darzanam teSAmapi janyajanakayoJjanArthayobhinnakAlatvAnna grAhyagrAhakabhAvaH sambhavati / atha na janyajanakabhAvAtiriktaH sandaMzAyogolakavat jJAnArthayoH kazcid grAhyagrAhakabhAva iti matam, "bhinnakAlaM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH| hetutvameva yuktijJA jJAnAkArArpaNakSamam"[pramANavA0 3. 247] iti vacanAta ; hi sarvajJajJAnasya vArtamAnikArthaviSayatvaM na kathaJcidupapadyate vArtamAnikakSaNasyAjanakatvAt ajanakasya cAgrahaNAt / svasaMvedanasya ca svarUpAjanyatve kathaM grAhakatvaM svarUpasya vA kathaM grAhyatvamiti cintyam / tasmAt svasvasAmagrIprabhavayo>paprakAzaghaTayoriva jJAnArthayoH prakAzyaprakAzakabhAvasambhavAnna jJAnanimittatvamarthA-- lokayoriti sthitam / / jo padArtha jJAna kA janaka hotA hai vahI usa jJAna ke dvArA grAhya hotA hai,aisA niyama svIkAra kara liyA jAya to hamAre smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna pramANa bhI apramANa ho jAyeMge, kyoMki inakI utpatti grAhya padArtha se nahIM hotii| bauddhamata ke anusAra padArtha ekAntataH kSaNabinazvara hai aura jJAna kA janaka padArtha hI grAhya hotA hai / parantu janya aura janaka kA samaya bhinna-bhinna hotA hai aisI sthiti meM unameM grAhya-grAhaka bhAva kisa prakAra ho sakegA? zaMkA-jaise saMDAsI aura lohe ke gole meM prAhya-grAhakamAva saMbaMdha hai, isa prakAra kA koI alaga grAhya-grAhakabhAva padArtha aura jJAna meM nahIM hai / janyajanakasaMbaMdha hI jJAna aura padArtha kA grAhya-grAhaka saMbaMdha hai / kahA bhI hai- 'bhinnakAlavau padArtha jJAna ke dvArA kisa prakAra grAhya ho sakatA hai ?"isakA uttara yaha hai ki padArtha kA jJAna ke prati kAraNa honA hI jJAna ke dvArA grAhya honA kahalAtA hai / padArtha apanA AkAra jJAna ko arpita karatA hai arthAt artha ke AkAra kA ho jAtA hai aura jJAna kA arthAkAra ho jAnA ho arthagrAhaka hotA hai / samAdhAna-yadi jJAnajanaka honA hI jJAnagrAhya hotA hai to sarvajJa kA jJAna vartamAnakAlIna padArthoM ko kisI bhI prakAra grahaNa nahIM kara sakegA, kyoMki vartamAnakAlIna padArtha jJAnakA janaka nahIM hotA vaha jJAnakA viSaya bhI nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta svasaMvedana (apane hI svarUpa ko jAnanevAlA)jJAna apane Apase utpanna na hone ke kAraNa apanA grAhaka kaise ho sakegA? jJAnakA svarUpa grAhya kaise hogA? ina bAtoM para Apako vicAra karanA cAhie / ataeva jaise dIpaka apane kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai aura ghaTa apane kAraNoM se; phira bhI unameM prakAzya-prakAzakapana hotA hai, usI prakAra apane apane kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAle jJAna aura padArtha meM bhI prakAzya-prakAzakabhAva ho sakatA hai arthAt jaise yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki ghaTase utpanna ho kara hI dIpaka ghaTa ko prakAzita kare, usI prakAra yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM ki padArtha se utpanna ho kara hI jJAna padArtha ko prakAzita kre| isa prakAra siddha huA ki padArtha aura Aloka jJAnake sAkSAt kAraNa nahIM haiN|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA -- 94--nanvarthAjanyatve jJAnasya kathaM pratikarmavyavasthA?, tadutpattitadAkAratAbhyAM hi sopapadyate, tasmAdanutpannasyAtadAkArasya ca jJAnasya sarvArthAn pratyavizeSAt ; naivamatadutpattimantareNApyAvaraNakSayopazamalakSaNayA yogyatayaiva prtiniytaarthprkaashktvopptteH| tadutpattAvapi ca yogyatAvazyAzrayaNIyA, anyathA'zeSArthasAnnidhye'pi kutazcidevArthAt kasyacideva jJAnasya janmeti kautaskuto'yaM vibhaagH| tadAkAratA tvarthAkArasaMkrAntyA tAvadanupapannA, arthasya nirAkAratvaprasaMgAt / arthena ca mUrtenAmartasya jJAnasya kIdRzaM sAdRzyamityarthavizeSagrahaNapariNAma eva saabhyupeyaa| ataH-- "arthena ghaTayatyenAM nahi muktvA'rtharUpatAm"[ pramANa vA03.305 ] iti ytkicidett| 95-api ca vyaste samaste vaite grahaNakAraNaM syAtAm / yadi vyaste; tadA kapAlA 94-prazna-yadi jJAna ko padArthajanya na mAnA jAya to pratiniyata viSayavyavasthA kaisehogI ? tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA se vaha vyavasthA ThIka baiThatI hai / arthAt yadi isa siddhAMta ko svIkAra kara liyA jAya ki jJAna jisa padArtha se utpanna hotA hai aura jisa padArtha ke AkAra kA hotA hai, usI ko jAnatA hai- anya padArtha ko nahIM jAnatA, to ghaTajJAna ghaTa ko hI jAnatA hai, anya padArtha ko nahIM ? aisI vyavasthA saMgata ho jAtI hai| kintu jJAna yadi kisI bhI padArtha se utpanna nahIM hotA aura kisI ke bhI AkAra kA nahIM hotA to vaha sabhI padArthoM ke liye samAna hai| ataeva jAne to sabhI ko jAne aura na jAne to kisI ko na jAne / kisI nipata padArtha ko jAne aura dUsaroM ko na jAne, yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-tadutpatti ke vinA bhI AvaraNakSayopazama rUpa yogyatA ke dvArA hI jJAna niyataniyata padArthoM kA prakAzaka hotA hai| tadutpatti mAnane para bhI yogyatA to svIkAra karanI hI paDegI, anyathA samasta padArthoM kA sAnnidhya hone para bhI amuka ho padArtha se amuka hI jJAna kI jo utpatti hotI hai, yaha vibhAga kisa AdhAra para hogA ? arthAt ghaTapadArtha se ghaTa-jJAna hI utpanna ho, aisA niyama kisa prakAra siddha hogA? isake lie to yogyatA kA hI Azraya lenA paDegA / raha gaI tadAkAratA, so usakA artha yadi yaha hai ki padArtha kA AkAra jJAna meM calA jAtA hai to yaha kalpanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / aisA mAnane se padArtha nirAkAra ho jaaegaa| phira marta padArtha ke sAtha anUrta jJAnakA kyA sAdRzya hai ? ataH jJAna jaba kisI padArtha ko grahaNa karatA hai to usameM use grahaNa karane kA eka viziSTa pariNamana hotA hai, vahI jJAna kI arthAkAratA hai. aisA svIkAra karanA caahie| ataeva savikalpaka jJAna arthAkAratA ke vinA pramANa hI nahIM ho sakatA' aisA bauddhoM kA kathana nissAra hai| 95-tathA-tatpatti aura tadAkAratA alaga-alaga grahaNa ke kAraNa haiM athavA mila kara ? yadi alaga-alaga kAraNa haiM to kapAla (Thokare)kA Adya kSaNa khappara ke antima kSaNa kA grAhaka honA cAhie (kyoMki Apake matAnusAra ghaTa ke antima kSaNa se kapAla kA prathama kSaNa utpanna haA hai,
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________________ 48 pramANamImAMsA dyakSaNo ghaTAntyakSaNasya, jalacaMdro vA nabhazcandrasya grAhakaH prApnoti, tadutpattestadAkAratvAcca / atha samaste; tahi ghaTottarakSaNaH pUrvaghaTakSaNasya grAhakaH prasajjati / jJAnarUpatve satyate grahaNakAraNamiti cet tahi samAnajAtIyajJAnasya samanantarapUrvajJAnagrAhakatvaM prasajyeta / tanna yogyatAmantareNAnyad grahaNakAraNaM pazyAmaH // 25 // 96--'avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA' ityuktamityavagrahAdIlla~kSayati-- akSArthayoge darzanAnantaramarthagrahaNamavagrahaH // 26 // 97-akSam indriyaM dravyabhAvarUpam, arthaH'dravyaparyAyAtmA tayoH 'yogaH' sambandho'natidUrAsannavyavahitadezAdyavasthAnalakSaNA yogyatA / niyatA hi sA viSayaviSayiNoH, yadAha, "puDheM suNei saI rUvaM puNa pAsae apuThaM tu||"[ Ava* ni0 5 ] ityAdi / tasminnakSArthayoge satidarzanam'anullikhitavizeSasya vastunaH prtipttiH| tadanantaramiti kramapratipAdanArthametat / etena darzanasyAvagrahaM prati pariNAmitoktA, nAsata eva sarvathA kasyacidutpAdaH, sato vA sarvathA vinAza iti darzanamevottaraM pariNAma pratipadyate / ataH vahA~ akelI tadutpatti vidyamAna hai|) jala-caMdra AkAzacaMdra kA grAhaka honA cAhie (kyoMki vahA~ tadAkAratA hai / ) kadAcit donoM ko sammilita kAraNa mAnA jAya to ghaTa kA uttarakSaNa pUrvakSaNa se utpanna bhI hotA hai aura usake AkAra kA bhI hotA hai / kadAcit kahA jAya ki pUrvokta padArtha jar3a hone se grahaNa ke kAraNa nahIM hote| jahA~ jJAnarUpatA aura tadutpatti tathA tadAkAratA bhI ho, vahIM grahaNa hotA hai; to samAnajAtIya jJAna apane samanantara pUrvavartI jJAna kA grAhaka honA cAhie arthAt uttarakAlIna ghaTajJAna apane samanantara pUrvavartI ghaTajJAna kA grAhaka honA caahie| (usameM tadutpatti' tadAkAratA aura jJAnarUpatA hai, phira bhI vaha pUrvavartI ghaTajJAna ko nahIM jAnatA, balki ghaTa ko jAnatA hai|) ataeva yogyatA ke atirikta jJAna kA anya koI kAraNa dikhAI nahIM detaa||25|| 96-avagraha kA lakSaNa-(artha)-indriya aura padArtha kA saMbaMdha hone para,darzana ke pazcAt hone vAlA padArtha kA grahaNa avagraha kahalAtA hai||26|| 97-dravya aura bhAva rUpa indriya tathA dravya-paryAya rUpa padArtha kA saMbaMdha arthAt na bahuta dUrI para, na bahuta samIpa meM-ucita dezameM avasthAna henA / ise yogyatA bhI kahate haiN| viSaya aura viSayI meM yaha yogyatA niyata rUpa meM hotI hai| kahA bhI hai|'shrotrNndriy spaSTa zabda ko grahaNa karatI hai, kintu cakSurindriya aspaSTa rUpa ko dekhatI hai|' jaba indriya aura padArtha kA yogya saMbaMdha hotA hai| to sarvaprathama darzana hotA hai arthAt vastu kA sAmAnya bodha hotA hai| usake anantara avagraha jJAna hotA hai| upayoga kA krama dikhalAne ke lie aisA kathana kiyA gayA hai isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki darzana avagraha kA pariNAmI-upAdAna kAraNa hai / na to sarvathA asat kI uspatti hotI hai aura na sat kA sarvathA vinAza hotA hai, ataeva darzana hI Age avagraha rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| 1-boddha dazana me 'kSaNa' zabda padArtha kA vAcaka hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA arthasya' dravyaparyAyAtmano'rthakriyAkSamasya 'grahaNam', samyagarthanirNayaH' iti sAmAnya-- lakSaNAnuvRttanirNayo na punaravikalpakaM darzanamAtram 'avgrhH|| 98-na cAyaM mAnaso vikalpaH, cakSurAdisannidhAnApekSatvAt pratisaMkhyAnenApratyAkhyeyatvAcca / mAnaso hi vikalpaH pratisaMkhyAnena nirudhyate, na cAyaM tatheti na vikalpaH // 26 // avagRhItavizeSa kAD-kSaNamIhA // 27 // ___ 99-avagrahagRhItasya zabdAderarthasya zabdaH 'kimayaM zAGghaHzAGgoM vA' iti saMzaye sati 'mAdhuryAdayaH zAGghadharmA evopalabhyante na kArkazyAdayaH zArGgadharmAH' ityanvayavyatirekarUpavizeSaparyAlocanarUpA matezceSTA 'IhA' / iha cAvagrahahayorantarAle abhyaste 'pi viSaye saMzayajJAnamastyeva AzubhAvAttu nopalakSyate / na tu pramANam, samyagarthanirNayAtmakatvAbhAvAt / 100--nanu parokSapramANabhedarUpamUhAkhyaM pramANaM vakSyate tatkastasmAdIhAyA bhedaH ? / ucyate-trikAlagocaraH sAdhyasAdhanayoAptigrahaNapaTarUho yamAzritya"vyAptigrahaNakAle yogIva sampadyate pramAtA" iti nyAyavido vadanti / IhA tu vArttamAnikArthaviSayA pratyakSaprabhe ityapaunaruktyam / isa prakAra dravya aura paryAya rUpa tathA arthakriyA meM samartha padArtha kA samyaka nirNaya honA avagraha hai / pramANa sAmAnya ke lakSaNa kI anuvRtti hone se 'nirNaya' ko hI avagraha samajhanA cAhie, nirvikalpa darzana mAtra ko nhiiN| : 98-avagraha mAnasa vikalpa bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM cakSu Adi indriyoM ke sannidhAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura pratisaMkhyAnanAmaka samAdhi se usakA vinAza nahIM hotaa| (bauddhamatAnusAra) mAnasa vikalpa pratisaMkhyAna samAdhi se naSTa ho jAtA hai| kintu avagraha kA pratisaMkhyAna se virodha nahIM hotA, ataeva ise mAnasa vikalpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA // 26 // artha-avagraha dvArA gRhIta padArtha meM vizeSa jAnane kI icchA honA IhA hai // 27 // . 99-avagraha dvArA jAne hue zabda Adi viSaya meM 'yaha' zabda zaMkha kA hai athavA zRMga kA?' isa prakAra sandeha hotA hai| tatpazcAt isameM mAdhurya Adi zaMkha ke dharma upalabdha ho rahe haiM, karkazatA Adi zRMga-zabda ke dharma nahIM mAlama hote, isa prakAra vidhi aura niSedha rUpa vizeSoM kI paryAlocanA karane vAlI mati kI ceSTA ko IhA kahate haiN| koI vastu kitanI hI adhika abhyasta kyoM na ho,avagraha aura IhA ke bIca meM saMzayajJAna hotA hI hai, kintu zIghra ho jAne ke kAraNa mAlUma nahIM hotA / hA~, vaha saMzaya pramANa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha samyagartha nirNayarUpa nahIM hai / 100-prazna-parokSa pramANa ke bhedoM meM eka 'Uha' pramANa Age kahA jAegA / to isa IhA aura Uha meM kyA antara hai ? uttara-Uha pramANa trikAlasaMbaMdhI sAdhya-sAdhana kI vyApti ko prahaNa karane meM paTu hotA hai| nyAyavettA kahate haiM ki pramAtA vyAptigrahaNa ke samaya yogI ke
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________________ 50 pramANamImAMsA 101 - hAca yadyapi ceSTocyate tathApi cetanasya seti jJAnarUpaiveti yuktaM pratyakSabhedatvamasyAH / na cAnirNayarUpatvAdapramANatvamasyAH zaGkanIyam; svaviSayanirNayarUpatvAt, nirNayAntarAsAdRzye nirNayAntarANAmapya nirNayatvaprasaGgaH // 27 // vizeSanirNayo'vAyaH // 28 // 102 - IhAkroDIkRte vastuni vizeSasya 'zAGkha evAyaM zabdo na zArGgaH' ityevaMrUpasyAvadhAraNam 'avAyaH // 28 // smRtiheturddharaNA // 29 // 103 - 'smRteH' atItAnusandhAnarUpAyA 'hetuH' pariNAmikAraNam, saMskAra iti yAvat, saGkhyeyamasaGkhyeyaM vA kAlaM jJAnasyAvasthAnaM 'dhAraNA' / avagrahAdayastu traya AhUttikAH / 104-saMskArasya ca pratyakSabhedarUpatvAt jJAnatvamunneyam, na punaryathAhuH pare - "jJAnAdatirikto bhAvanAkhyo'yaM saMskAraH" iti / asya hyajJAnarUpatve jJAnarUpasmRtijanakatvaM na syAt, nahi sattA sattAntaramanuvizati / ajJAnarUpatve cAsyAtmadharmatvaM na syAt, cetanadharmasyAcetanatvAbhAvAt / samAna bana jAtA hai / IhA sirpha vartamAnakAlIna padArtha ko jAnatI hai aura vaha pratyakSakA meda hai / kintu Uha parokSa kA bheda hai / ataeva isameM punarukti doSa nahIM hai / 101 - IhA yadyapi ceSTA hai / tathApi vaha cetana kI ceSTA hai, ataH vaha jJAnarUpa hI hai / use pratyakSa kA bheda kahanA ucita hI hai, zaMkA - IhA nirNaya ( nizcaya ) rUpa nahIM hone se pramANa nahIM hai? samAdhAna apane viSaya meM to vaha nirNayarUpa hI hai / dUsare samI nirNaya ke samAna na hone se yadi use anirNaya kahA jAya to sabhI nirNaya anirNaya kahalAne lageMge // 27 // avAya kA svarUpa artha - IhA ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke vizeSa artha ke nizcaya ko avAya kahate haiM // 28 // 102 - IhA ke dvArA jo vastu jAnI gaI thI, usameM 'yaha zabda zaMkha kA hI hai, zRMgakA nahIM' isa prakAra kA nizcaya ho jAnA 'avAya' kahalAtA hai|| 28 // dhAraNA kA svarUpa artha--jo jJAna smRti kA kAraNa ho, vaha dhAraNA hai | 29 // 103 - smRti atIta kA anusaMdhAna karane vAlI hotI hai| usakA jo pariNAmI kAraNa ho vaha dhAraNA hai| ise 'saMskAra bhI kahate haiN| dhAraNA saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta kAla taka banI rahatI hai / avagraha, IhA aura avAya jJAna antarmuhUrta bhAvI hI hote haiM / 104--saMskAra pratyakSa kA bheda hai, ataeva jJAnasvarUpa hI hai| vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bhAvanAnAmaka saMskAra jJAna se atirikta hai, yaha ThIka nahIM / yadi saMskAra ko ajJAnarUpamAna leM to vaha AtmA kA artha nahIM ho sakegA / cetana kA artha acetana nahIM ho sakatA /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 105--nanvavicyutimapi dhAraNAmanvaziSan vRddhAH, yadbhASyakAra:-"aviccuI dhAraNA hoi" [vizeSA0 gA 180) tatkathaM smRtihetoreva dhAraNAtvamasUtrayaH ? / satyam astyavicyuti ma dhAraNA, kintu sA'vAya evAntarbhUteti na pRthaguktA / / avAya eva hi dIrghadIrgho'vicyutirdhAraNetyucyata iti |smRtihetutvaadvaa'vicyutirdhaarnnyv sngghotaa| na hyavAyamAtrAdavicyutirahitAt smRtirbhavati,gacchattRNasparzaprAyANAmavAyAnAM parizIlanavikalAnAM smRtijanakatvAdarzanAt / tasmAt smRtihetU avicyutisaMskArAvanenasaGgrahItAvityadoSaH / yadyapi smRtirapi dhAraNAbhedatvena siddhAMte'bhihitA tathApi parokSapramANabhedatvAdiha nokteti sarvamavadAtam / 106--iha ca kramabhAvinAmapyavagrahAdInAM kathaJcidekatvamavaseyam / viruddhadharmAdhyAso hyekatvapratipattiparipanthI / na cA'sau pramANapratipanne'rthe prathitAM bhajate / anubhUyate hi khalu harSaviSAdAdiviruddhavivarttAkAntamekaM caitanyam / viruddhadharmAdhyAsAcca vibhyadbhirapi kathamekaM citrapaTI jJAnamekAnekAkArollekhazekharamabhyupagamyate saugataiH, citraM vA rUpaM naiyAyikAdibhiriti ? / 105--prazna--prAcIna AcAryoMne avicyuti (avAyajJAna ke lagAtAra jArI rahane) ko bhI dhAraNA mAnA hai| aisI sthiti meM Apane smRti ke kAraNa ko hI dhAraNA kaise kahA? uttara-satya hai| avicyuti dhAraNA bhI hai, kintu usakA samAveza avAya meM hI ho sakatA hai, isa kAraNa use pRthak nahIM kahA hai / avAyajJAna eka bAra utpanna hokara jaba lambA-lambA hotA jAtA hai, antamaharta taka cAla rahatA hai, taba vahI avicyati dhAraNA kahalAtA hai| athavA vaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki avicyuti bhI smRti kA kAraNa hone se dhAraNA hI hai| avicyuti ke binA akele avAya mAtra se smRti kI utpatti nahIM hotii| jo avAya parizIlana se rahita hote haiM aura anadhyavasAya sarIkhe hote haiM, ve smRti ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakate / ataeva smRtihetu' isa pada se hI 'avicyuti' aura 'saMskAra' donoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, isa prakAra koI bAdhA nahIM rhtii| yadyapi siddhAMta meM smRti ko bhI dhAraNA kahA hai, kintu parokSa kA bheda hone se yahA~ usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 106-yadyapi avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA krama se utpanna hote haiM, phira bhI ve kathaM. vit eka hI haiN| paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA honA ekatva meM bAdhaka hotA hai kintu jo vastu pramANa se jaisI siddha hai, usameM viruddha dharmAdhyAsa koI bAdhA nahIM pahuMcA sakatA / eka hI caitanya meM harSa viSAda Adi paraspara virodhI paryAyoM kA pAyA jAnA anubhavasiddha hai, virodhI dharmoM se Darane vAle bauddhoM ne bhI eka hI citrapaTa jJAna meM (nIla-pIta Adi) aneka AkAroM kA ullekha honA mAnA hai aura naiyAyikoM ne eka hI avayavI meM aneka rUpoM kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 107-naiyAyikAstu-"indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam" [ nyaH 0 11, 4 ] itipratyakSalakSaNamAcakSate / atra ca pUrvAcAryakRtavyAkhyAvaimukhyena saGghayAvadbhistrilocanavAcaspatipramukhairayamarthaH samathito yathA-indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyabhicAri pratyakSamityeva pratyakSalakSaNam / 'yataH' zabdAdhyAhAreNa ca yattadonityAbhisambandhAduktavizeSaNaviziSTaM jJAnaM yato bhavati tat tathAvidhajJAnasAdhanaM jJAnarUpaM ajJAnarUpaM vA pratyakSaM pramANamiti / asya ca phalabhUtasya jJAnasya dvayI gatiravikalpaM savikalpaM ca tayorubhayorapi pramANarUpatvamabhidhAtuM vibhAgavacanametad 'avyapadezya vyavasAyAtmakam' iti / 108-tatrobhayarUpasyApi jJAnasya prAmANyamupekSya 'yataH' zabdAdhyAhAraklezenAjJAnarUpasya sannikarSAdeH prAmANyasamarthanamayuktam / kathaM hyajJAnarUpAH sannikarSAdayo'rthaparicchittau sAdhakatamA bhavanti vyabhicArAta?,satyapIndriyArthasannikarSe'rthopalabdherabhAvAt / nAne satyeva bhAvAt, sAdhakatamaM hi karaNamavyavahitaphalaM ca taditi / 107--naiyAyikoM ne pratyakSa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai-jo jJAna indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa se utpanna ho, avyapadezya ho avyabhicArI ho, vyavasAyAtmaka ho vaha pratyakSa hai| isa sUtra meM yadyapi jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai, tathApi pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA se muMha moDa kara trilocana vAcaspati Adi ne isakA artha yoM kiyA hai-'indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa se utpanna hone vAlA avyabhicArI jJAna pratyakSa hai' itanA hA pratyakSa kA lakSaNa hai| isa lakSaNa meM 'yataH' zabda kA adhyAhAra karanA cAhie / aura 'yA' tathA 'tat' zabda kA nitya sambandha hotA hai, arthAt jahA~ 'jo' yA jisase Adi pada hote haiM vahA~ so yA 'usase' Adi kA prayoga na hone para bhI samajha liye jAte haiM / isa niyama ke anusAra artha yaha nikalA ki pUrvokta vizeSa vAlA jJAna jisase utpanna hotA hai, vaha jJAna kA sAdhana ho, cAhe jJAnarUpa yA ajJAnarUpa, pratyakSa pramANa kahalAtA hai / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra jJAna pratyakSa na hokara jJAna kA sAdhana pratyakSa kahalAyA / jJAna kA vaha sAdhana ajJAnarUpa ho to bhI pratyakSa hai aura jJAnarUpa ho to bhI pratyakSa hai| isa sAdhana se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna do hI prakAra kA ho sakatA hai-nivikalpa aura savikalpa / yaha donoM hI prakAra ke jJAna pramANa haiM, yaha prakaTa karane ke lie 'avyapadeza' aura 'vyavasAyAtmaka' isa prakAra ke do padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 108-kintu donoM prakAra ke jJAnoM ko pramANatA kI upekSA karake 'yataH' zabda ke adhyAhAra kI kaSTakalpanA karake ajJAnarUpa sannikarSa Adi ke prAmANya kA samarthana karanA yogya nahIM hai| ajJAnarUpa sannikarSa Adi arthajJapti meM dhitama kaise ho sakate haiM? unameM vyabhicAra pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki indriya aura padArtha kA sannikaSa hone para bhI padArtha kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / vaha to jJAna ke hone para hI hoto hai| jisa kAryame jo sAdhakatama hotA hai vahI karaNa kahalAtA hai aura usase kAlavyavadhAna ke vinA tatkAla hI kArya kI utpatti hotI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 53 109-sannikarSo'pi yadi yogyatAtiriktaH saMyogAdisambandhastahi sa cakSuSo'rthena saha nAsti aprApyakArivAttasya / dRzyate hi kAcAbhrasphaTikAdivyavahitasyApyarthasya ckssussoplbdhiH| atha prApyakAri cakSuH karaNatvAdvAsyAdivaditi brUSe, tamuyaskAntAkarSaNopalena lohAsanikRSTena vyabhicAraH / na ca saMyuktasaMyogAdiH sannikarSastatra kalpayituM zakyate, atiprasaGgAditi / 110-saugatAstu pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamabhrAntam' nyAyabi014) iti lakSaNamavocan "abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA pratItiH kalpanA tayA rahitam"-(nyAyabi01,5,6) kalpanApoDham iti / etacca vyavahArAnupayogitvAtpramANasya lakSaNamanupapannam, tathAhi etasmAdvinizcityArthamarthakriyArthinastatsamarthe'rthe pravartamAnA visaMvAdabhAjo mA bhUvanniti pramANasya lakSaNaparIkSAyAM pravartante priiksskaaH| vyavahArAnupayoginazca tasya vAyasasadasaddazanaparIkSAyAmiva niSphalaH parizramaH / nirvikalpottarakAlabhAvinaH savikalpakAttu vyavahAropagame varaM tasyaiva prAmANyamAstheyam,kimavikalpakena zikhaNDineti ? / 109-sannikarSa bhI yadi yogyatA kA hI nAma ho taba to koI hAni nahIM, yadi yogyatA se bhinna saMyoga Adi saMbaMdha hI sannikarSa mAnA jAya to vaha netra kA padArtha ke sAtha hotA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki netra aprApyakArI hai, arthAt rUpa ke sAtha saMyoga saMbaMdha na hone para bhI netra rUpako jAnatA hai / kAca evaM sphaTika Adi se vyavahita bhI padArtha netra se upalabdha ho jAtA hai| zaMkA-cakSu prApyakArI hai, kyoMki vaha karaNa hai, jo karaNa hotA hai vaha prApyakArI hotA hai, jaise vsulaa| . samAdhAna-yahA~ 'karaNa' yaha hetu dUSita hai / cumbaka le he se sannikRSTa nahIM hotA phira bhI lohe ke AkarSaNa meM karaNa hotA hai / kadAcit kaho ki lohe aura cumbaka meM saMyoga sannikarSa na hone para bhI saMyuktasaMyoga sannikarSa hai, arthAt lohe se saMyukta pRthvI ke sAtha cumbaka kA saMyoga hai, to yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM / aisA mAnane se atiprasaMga ho jAegA arthAt cAhe jisakA cAhe jisase sannikarSa ho jAegA aura aisI sthiti meM koI nizcita vyavasthA nahIM raha jaaegii| 110-bauddhoM ne pratyakSa kA lakSaNa aisA mAnA hai-'jo jJAna kalpanA se rahita aura abhrAnta vaha pratyakSa hai| jisa pratIti ko zabdoM dvArA vyakta kiyA jA sake, vaha 'kalpanA' kahalAtI hai| (jaise yaha gAya hai,,yaha gAya zveta hai, Adi pratIti) yaha kalpanA jisa jJAna meM saMbhava na ho aisA sAmAnya jJAna pratyakSa hai, kintu bauddhoM kA yaha lakSaNa ayukta hai, kyoMki vyavahAra meM anupayogI hai| pramANa se padArtha kA nizcaya karake, arthakriyA meM samartha padArtha meM hI pravRtti kareM jisase ki unheM asaphala na honA paDe, isa uddeza se parIkSaka jana pramANa kI parIkSA karate haiN| agara pramANa vyavahAra meM upayogI na ho to usakI parIkSA karanA kAka ke dA~toM kI gaNanA karane ke samAna nirarthaka parizrama hogaa| kadAcit yaha kaho ki isa kalpanArahita nirvikalpaka jJAna ke pazcAta utpanna hone vAle savikalpaka jJAna se vyavahAra sAdhya hotA hai, to yahI ucita hogA ki usI ko pramANa mAnA jaay| phira isa bekAra nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane se kyA lAbha? vara
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 111--jaiminIyAstu dharma prati animittatvavyAjena 'satsamprayoge puruSasye-- ndriyANAM buddhijanma tat pratyakSamanimittaM vidyamAnopalambhanatvAt"[ jaimi0 1.1.4 ]ityanuvAdabhaGgayA pratyakSalakSaNamAcakSate,yadAhaH evaM satyanuvAditvaM lakSaNasyApi sambhavet / " (zlokavA0 sU04.69) iti / vyAcakSate ca-indriyANAM samprayoge sati puruSasya jAyamAnA buddhiH pratyakSamiti / . 112-atra saMzayaviparyayabuddhijanmano'pIndriyasaMprayoge sati pratyakSatvaprasaGgAdativyAptiH / atha 'satsamprayoga' iti satA samprayoga iti vyAkhyAyate tahi nirAlambanavibhramA evArthanirapekSajanmAno nirastA bhaveyurna sAlambanau saMzayaviparyayau / atha sati samprayoga iti satsaptamI pakSa eva na tyajyate saMzayaviparyayanirAsAya ca 'samprayoga' ityatra 'sam, ityupasargo varNyate, yadAha "samyagarthe ca saMzabdo dusspryognivaarnnH| duSTatvAcchuvitakAyogo vAryate rajatekSaNAt" zlokavA0sa0 4, 38.9) 111--pratyakSa dharma kA nirNaya karane meM samartha nahIM hai. aisA kahane ke vyAja se pratyakSa kA lakSaNa jaiminIya (mImAMsaka) isa prakAra kahate haiM--'sat padArtha ke sAtha indriyoM kA saMbaMdha hone para AtmA ko jo jJAna (pratyakSa) hotA hai, vaha dharma ke nizcaya meM nimitta nahIM hotA. kyoMki usase vartamAnakAlIna padArtha ho jAne jA sakate haiN|' unhoMne yaha lakSaNa sAkSAta lakSaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM kahA hai, anuvAda rUpa meM kahA hai / ve yahI kahate haiM-'pratyakSa ko dharma meM animitta batalAne ke sAtha hI sAya usake lakSaNa kA bhI anuvAda (gauNa rUpa se kathana)ho jAtA hai|' 112-yaha jaiminIya apane lakSaNa kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM--indriyoM kA saMbaMdha hone para puruSa ko utpanna hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / parantu saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI indriya ke sAtha padArtha kA saMyoga hone para hI utpanna hote haiM, ataeva isa lakSaNa ke anusAra ve bhI pratyakSa ho jAe~ge / zaMkA-'satsaMprayoge' kA artha hai-sat ke sAtha saMyoga hone para / abhiprAya yaha ki sat padArtha ke sAtha indriya kA saMyoga hone para jo jJAna ho vaha pratyakSa hai, aisI vyAkhyA karane se ukta doSa nahIM rahatA / samAdhAna-aisI vyAkhyA karane para nirAlambana bhramarUpa jJAnoMkI pratyakSatA kA to niSedha ho jAega, kintu saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna kI pratyakSatA kA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki yaha donoMapramANa jJAna niviSaya nahIM hai--padArtha (sat) aura indriya ke saMyoga se hI utpanna hote haiM / zaMkA-sat samprayoga (sat padArtha meM saMyoga) isa artha ko to jyoM kA nyoM rahane dete haiM, magara yaha kahate haiM ki samprayoga' zabda meM jo sat' upasarga hai, usase saMzaya aura ryaya jJAna kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / kahA bhI hai__'sata' zabda samyak artha meM prayukta hotA hai / yahA~ samprayoga' zabda duSprayoga kA nivAraNa karane ke lie hai| jaba zuvitakA (sIpa) ke sAtha indriya kA saMyoga hotA hai aura rajata kI pratIti hotI hai to vaha prayoga (yoga) dUSita hone se samprayoga nahIM duSprayoga hai / kyoMki saMyoga anya ke sAtha hotA hai aura jJAna anya padArtha kA hotA hai| .
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________________ pramANamImAMsA iti; tathApi prayogasamyaktvasyAtIndriyatvena prtykssaanvgmytvaatkaaryto'vgtirvktvyaa| kAryaM ca jJAnam,na ca tadavizeSitameva prayogasamyaktvAvagamanAyAlam / na ca tadvi zeSaNaparamaparamiha padamasti / satA samprayoga iti ca varaM nirAlambanavijJAnanivRttaye 'sati' iti tu saptamyaiva gatArthatvAdanarthakam / 113-ye'pi "tatsaMprayoge puruSasyendriyANAM buddhijanma satpratyakSaM yadviSayaM jJAnaM tena samprayoge indriyANAM puruSasya buddhijanma satpratyakSaM yadanyaviSayaM jJAnamanyasamprayoge bhavati na tatpratyakSam / " [ zAbara mA0 1.1.5] ityevaM tatsatorvyatyayena lakSaNamanavadyamityAhuH, teSAmapi kliSTakalpanaiva, saMzayajJAnena vyabhicArAnivRttaH / tatra hi yadviSayaM jJAnaM tena samprayoga indriyANAmastyeva / yadyapi cobhayaviSayaM saMzayajJAnaM tathApi tayoranyatareNendriyaM saMyuktameva ubhayAvazitvAcca saMzayasya yena saMyuktaM cakSustadviSayamapi tajjJAnaM bhavatyeveti nAtivyAptiparihAraH / avyAptizca cAkSuSajJAnasyendriyasamprayogajatvAbhAvAt / aprApyakAri ca cakSurityuktaprAyam / 114-"zrotrAdivRttiravikalpikA pratyakSam" iti vRddhasAGkhyAH / atra zrotrA samAdhAna-prayoga kA samyakpana atIndriya hone se pratyakSa dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa|kaary ko dekha kara hI usakA anumAna kiyA jA skegaa| prayoga kA kArya jJAna hai aura jJAna sAmAnya se prayoga kA samyakapana jAnA nahIM jA sakatA (kyoMki jJAna sAmAnya samprayoga se bhI utpanna hotA hai aura duSprayoga se bhI / ) usako viziSTatA batalAne vAlA koI pada yahA~ nahIM hai| 'satAM samprayogaH' arthAt sat padArthoM kA prayoga samprayoga hai, aisA samAsa nirAlambana jJAna kI pratyakSatAkA nirAkaraNa kara sakatA hai aura vaha artha to 'sati samprayogaH' arthAt 'sat padArtha ke hone para samprayoga' isIse prakaTa ho jAtA hai, ataeva nirarthaka hai| 113-jo loga pratyakSa ke lakSaNameM Ae hue 'tat' aura 'sat' zabdoM meM ulajha karake yaha abhiprAya nikAlate haiM ki jisa vastu kA jJAna ho usIke sAtha indriya kA saMyoga hone para hai vAlA jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai| jaba indriya kA saMyoga to kisI anya padArtha ke sAtha ho kintajJAna kisI anya hI padArtha kA ho taba vaha pratyakSa nahIM kahalAtA unakA yaha kathana vAstava meM kliSTa kalpanA hI hai| aisI kalpanA karane para bhI saMzaya jJAna meM yaha lakSaNa calA jAtA hai| saMzaya meM jisa vastukA jJAna hotA hai usI ke sAtha indriyoM kA saMyoga hotA hai| yadyapi saMzayajJAna donoM vastuoM ko viSaya karatA hai tathApi donoM meM se kisIeka ke sAtha to indriya kA saMyoga hotA hI hai / saMzaya donoM ko viSaya karatA hai, ataeva jisa vastu ke sAthacakSa saMyakta hai, tadviSayaka jJAna bhI hotA hI hai / ataeva pUrvokta lakSaNa meM AnevAlI ativyApti kA parihAra nahIM hotA,isa ke atirikta ukta lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa bhI hai kyoMki cAkSaSa jJAna indriyasaMyoga se utpanna nahIM hotA cakSu aprApyakArI hai, yaha pahale hI kahA jA cakA hai| 114-vRddha sAMkhyoM kA kathana hai-zrotrAdi kA nirvikalpaka vyApAra pratyakSa pramANa kahalAtA hai.
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________________ pramANamImAMsA dInAmacetanatvAttadvRtteH sutarAmacaitanyamiti kathaM pramANatvam ? / cetanasaMsargAttaccaitanyAbhyupagame varaM cita eva prAmANyamabhyupagantuM yuktam / na cAvilpakatve prAmANyamastIti yatkiJcidetat / 115 - " prativiSayAdhyavasAyo dRSTam " [ sAM0 kA0 5 ] iti pratyakSalakSaNamitIzvarakRSNaH / tadapyanumAnena vyabhicAritvAdalakSaNam / atha 'pratiH' Abhimukhye vartate tenAbhimukhyena viSayAdhyavasAyaH pratyakSamityucyate; tadapyanumAnena tulyam ghaTo'yamitivadayaM parvato'gnimAnityAbhimukhyena pratIteH / atha anumAnAdivilakSaNo abhimukho'dhyavasAyaH pratyakSam ; tarhi pratyakSalakSaNamakaraNIyameva zabdAnumAnalakSaNavilakSaNatayaiva tatsiddheH / 116 - tatazca parakIyalakSaNAnAM duSTatvAdidameva 'vizadaH pratyakSam' iti pratyakSalakSaNamanavadyam // 29 // 56 117-pramANaviSayaphalapramAtRrUpeSu caturSu vidhiSu tattvaM parisamApyata iti viSayAdilakSaNamantareNa pramANalakSaNamasampUrNamiti viSayaM lakSayati pramANasya viSayo dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu // 30 // kintu zrotra Adi jaba acetana haiM unakA vyApAra bhI acetana hI hogA, ataeva vaha pramANa kaise ho sakatA hai ? agara cetana ke saMsarga se use cetana mAnate ho to usase yahI acchA ho ki cit jJAna ko hI pramANa svIkAra kro| yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki nirvikalpaka jJAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva yaha mAnyatA yoM hI hai / 115 - IzvarakRSNa nAmaka sAMkhyAcArya kahate haiM- 'prativiSaya kA adhyavasAya pratyakSa kahalAtA hai' yaha lakSaNa anumAna se vyabhicarita hai arthAt anumAna meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ( kyoMki anumAna mI pratiniyata viSaya ko jAnatA hai| zaMkA- 'prati' zabda abhimukhatA ke artha meM hai| ataeva abhimukha rUpa se samakSa rUpa se padArtha kA jo jJAna hotA hai vahI pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / samAdhAna taba bhI lakSaNa anumAna meM jAtA hai| jaise 'yaha ghaTa hai' aisA abhimukha rUpa se pratyakSa hotA hai, usI prakAra yaha parvata vaha nimAna hai' yaha anumAna jJAna bhI abhimukha rUpa se hotA hai zaMkA anumAna Adi se vilakSaNa abhimukha adhyavasAya pratyakSa hai. aisA kahane se anumAna meM lakSaNa nahIM jAegA / phira koI doSa nahIM rhegaa| samAdhAna - aisA hai to pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kahane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? anumAna aura Agama pramANa se vilakSaNa hone se hI pratyakSake lakSaNa kI siddhi ho jAegI / 116 - isa prakAra dUsaroM ke lakSaNa dUSita hone ke kAraNa vizada jJAna pratyakSa hai' yahI lakSaNa nirdoSa ThaharatA hai // 29 // 117 - pramANa, pramANa kA viSaya, phala aura pramANa, ina cAra bhedoM meM tattva ko parisamApti hotI hai| ataeva jaba taka pramANa kA viSaya Adi na batalAyA jAe taba taka pramANa kA lakSaNa adhUrA hai / ataeva pahale viSaya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM( artha ) dravya - paryAyAtmaka vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai // 30 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 118-pratyakSasya prakRtatvAttasyaiva viSayAdau lakSayitavye 'pramANasya' iti pramANasAmAnyagrahaNaM pratyakSavat pramANAntarANAmapi viSayAdilakSaNamiheva vaktuM yuktamavizeSAttathA ca lAghavamapi bhavatItyevamartham / jAtinirdezAcca pramANAnAM pratyakSAdInAM 'viSayaH' gocaro 'dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu' / dravati tAMstAn paryAyAn gacchati iti dravyaM dhrauvyalakSaNam / pUrvottaravivarttavartyanvayapratyayasamadhigamyamUrkhatAsAmAnyamiti yAvat / pariyantyutpAdavinAzadharmANo bhavantIti paryAyA vivrtaaH| tacca te cAtmA svarUpaM yasya tat dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu, paramArthasadityarthaH, yadvAcakamukhyaH-"utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat" [tattvA0 5. 29]iti,pAramArSamapi "uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA"iti / 119-tatra 'dravyaparyAya' grahaNena dravyaikAntaparyAyakAntavAdiparikalpitaviSayavyudAsaH / 'Atma'grahaNena caatyntvytiriktdrvypryaayvaadikaannaadyaigaabhyupgtvissyniraasH| yacchIsiddhasenaH 118-yahA~ pratyakSa kA nirUpaNa cala rahA hai, ataeva usI ke viSaya Adi kA nirUpaNa karanA cAhie, phira bhI yahA~ 'pramANasya' pada kA prayoga karake pramANasAmAnya kA viSaya batalAyA hai / isakA prayojana eka sAtha saba pramANoM ke phala kA nirUpaNa karanA hai / saba pramANoM kA viSaya samAna hai| ataeva use eka sAtha batalA dene se grantha meM lAghava hotA hai / alaga-alaga kahane se graMtha kA nirarthaka vistAra hogA / sAmAnya ko apekSA se 'pramANasya' (pramANa kA) isa eka vacana kA prayoga kiyA hai / ataeva pratyakSa Adi sabhI pramANoM kA phala dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastu hai, aisA samajha lenA cAhie / jo amuka-amuka paryAyoM ke prati dravita hotA rahatA hai arthAt vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA huA rahatA hai use 'dravya kahate haiM / dravya kA dUsarA nAma 'dhrauvya' bhI hai / pUparyAya ke naSTa ho jAne aura utara paryAya ke utpanna ho jAne para bhI jisake kAraNa usa vastu meM ekAkAra pratIti hotI hai, arthAt paryAyoM ke palaTate rahane para bhI unameM jo nitya aMza jyoM kA tyoM banA rahatA hai, vaha UrdhvatAsAmAnya ho dravya kahalAtA hai / (jaise kaDA tor3akara kuMDala banA lene para bhI,svarNa' vahI kA vahI rahatA hai / yahA~ svarNa' UrdhvatAsAmAnya yA dravya khlaaegaa|) jo palaTate rahate haiM-utpanna hote aura vinaSTa hote rahate haiM, unheM paryAya kahate haiN| paryAya kA dUsarA nAma 'vivarta' bhI hai| yaha dravya aura paryAya donoM vastu ke svarUpa haiM-yaha sammilita donoM hI vasta haiM aura aisI vasta hI vAstava meM 'sata' kahI jA sakatI hai| vAcakamakhya umAsvAti ne kahA hai- 'jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyamaya ho, vahI sat hai / ' sarvajJapraNIta Agama meM bhI yahI kahA hai-vastu utpanna bhI hotI rahatI hai, naSTa bhI hotI rahatI hai aura dhruva bhI rahatI hai|' 119-prastuta sUtra meM 'dravyaparyAya donoM ke grahaNa se ekAnta dravya yA ekAnta paryAya hI pramANa kA viSaya hai, isa mata kA niSedha ho jAtA hai / 'Atmaka' zabda ke prayoga se kaNAda aura yauga mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ve dravya aura paryAya kA ekAnta bheda svIkAra karate haiN| zrI siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "dohiM vi nahiM nIyaM satyamuklUeNa tahavi micchattaM / jaM savisayappa hANattaNeNa annonnaniravikkha" | | ( sanma0 3.49 ) ti // 30 // 120 - kutaH punardravyaparyAyAtmakameva vastu pramANAnAM viSayo na dravyamAtraM paryAmAtramubhayaM vA svatantram ityAha arthakriyA sAmarthyAt // 31 // 58 121 - 'arthasya' dravyaparyAyAtmakasyaiva vastuno'rthakriyAsamarthatvAdityarthaH // 31 // 122 -- yadi nAmaivaM tat kimityAha- hAnopAdAnAdilakSaNasya 'kriyA' niSpattistatra 'sAmarthyAt " tallakSaNatva vastunaH // 32 // 123 - ' tad' arthakriyAsAmathyaM 'lakSaNam' asAdhAraNaM rUpaM yasya tat tallakSaNaM tasya bhAvastattvaM tasmAt / kasya? | 'vastunaH, paramArthasato rUpasya / ayamartha:-arthayArthI hi sarvaH pramANamanveSate, api nAmetaH prameyamarthakriyAkSamaM vinizcitya kRtArtho bhaveyamiti na vyasanitayA / tadyadi pramANaviSayo'rtho'rthakriyAkSamo na bhavettadA nAsau pramANaparIkSaNamAdriyeta / yadAha 'yadyapi ulUka ( kaNAda ) ne apane zAstra meM donoM nayoM (dravyArthika-paryAyArthika ) ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathApi vaha mithyAtva hai kyoMki ve donoM naya apane-apane viSaya meM pradhAna hone se paraspara nirapekSa haiM / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki aulUkya darzana meM AtmA AkAza Adi jina padArthoM ko nitya mAnA hai unheM ekAnta nitya hI mAnA hai aura jinheM anitya mAnA hai unheM ekAnta anitya hI mAnA / unhoMne pratyeka vastuko nityAnityAtmaka nahIM maanaa| ataeva unakA mata bhI mithyAtva hI haiM / 120 - dravya - paryAyAtmaka vastu hI kyoM pramANa kA viSaya hai ? ekAnta dravya, ekAnta paryAya athavA svataMtra dravya paryAya pramANa kA viSaya kyoM nahIM haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara artha - arthakriyA ke sAmarthya se ( dravya-paryAya rUpa vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya hai ) ||31|| 121-tyAga karanA yA grahaNa karanA yA upekSA karanA yahA~ 'artha' kA abhiprAya hai / usakI 'kriyA' arthAt niSpatti meM samartha hone se arthAt dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastu ho arthakriyA meM samartha hone se dravya - paryAyaka vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai // 31 // 122- yadi dravya - paryAyAtmaka vastu hI arthakriyA meM samartha hotI hai to isase kyA huA ? isa prazna kA uttara- (artha) - arthakriyA hI vastu kA lakSaNa hai / 32 || 123-paramArthasat vastu kA lakSaNa arthakriyA meM sAmarthya hotA hai| arthAt to arthakriyA meM samartha ho vahI vastu kahalAtI hai, hAna- upAdAna Adi arthakriyA ke abhilASI hokara hI sabhI loga pramANa kI gaveSaNA karate haiM jisase ki arthakriyA meM samartha padArtha kA nizcaya karake pravRtti karane para saphalatA prApta ho sake / vyasana mAtra se pramANa kI gaveSaNA nahIM karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM pramANagocara padArtha yadi arthakriyA meM samartha na ho to pramANa ko parIkSA kI AvazyakatA ho ! kahA bhI hai- na
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________________ pramANamImAMsA ''arthakriyA'samarthasya vicAraiH kiM tadathinAm / SaNDhasya rUpavarUpye kAminyAH kiM parIkSayA? // " (pramANavA0 1.215 ) iti / 124-tatra na dravyaikarUpo'rtho'rthakriyAkArI, sa hyapracyutAnutpannasthiraikarUpaH kathamarthakriyAM kurvIta krameNAkrameNa vA ?, anyonyavyavacchedarUpANAM prakArAntarAsambhavAt / tatra na krameNa ; sa hi kAlAntarabhAvinIH kriyAH prathamakriyAkAla eva prasahya kuryAt samarthasya kAlakSepAyogAt, kAlakSepiNo vA'sAmarthyaprApteH / samartho'pi tattatsahakArisamavadhAne taM tamartha karotIti cet na tarhi tasya sAmarthyamaparasahakArisApekSavRttitvAta, "sApekSamasamartham" (pAta0mahA0 3.1.8) iti hi kiM naashraussiiH?| na tena sahakAriNo'pekSyante'pi tu kAryameva sahakAriSvasatsvabhavat tAnapekSata iti cet tatki sa bhAvo'samarthaH ? / samarthazcet; kiM sahakArimukhaprekSaNadInAni tAnyupekSate na punarjhaTiti ghaTa yti?| nanu samarthamapi bIjamilAjalAdisahakArisahitamevAraM karoti nAnyathA; _ 'jo arthakriyA ke abhilASI haiM, unheM arthakriyA meM asamartha padArtha kA vicAra karane se kyA lAbha ? kAminI ke lie napuMsaka kI sundaratA--asundaratA kA vicAra karanA vRthA hI hai ? (arthakriyA meM samartha padArtha kA nizcaya karane ke lie hI pramANa ko gaveSaNA kI jAtI hai. aisA padArtha dravyaparyAya svarUpa hI hai. yaha Upara kahA jA cukA hai| yahA~ usake atireka para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai|) 124-ekAnta dravyarUpa arthAt sarvathA nitya padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hai| ekAntadravyarUpa padArtha vaha kahalAtA hai jo kabhI apane svarUpa se cyuta na ho, utpanna na ho aura sadA sthira eka rUpa rahe / aisA padArtha kisa prakAra se arthakriyA karegA, krama se yA eka sAtha ? paraspara virodhI do vikalpoM ke atirikta tIsarA koI vikalpa saMbhava nahIM hai| vaha krama se arthakriyA nahIM karegA, kyoMki kAlAntara meM hone vAlI kriyAoM ko prathama kriyA ke samaya meM hI kara sakatA hai| vaha aisA karane ke lie samartha hai aura jo samartha hotA hai vaha kAlakSepa nahIM krtaa| yadi nitya padArtha kAlakSepa karegA to usameM asamarthatA honI caahie| zaMkA-nitya padArtha to eka sAtha saba kriyAoM ko karane meM samartha hai, kintu jaba jisa kriyA ke yogya sahakArI kAraNa milate haiM, taba usa kriyA ko karatA hai| samAdhAna-sahakArI kAraNoM kI sahAyatA lekara yadi vaha kArya karatA hai to vaha samartha nahIM kahalA sktaa| kyA Apane yaha nahIM sunA hai ki dUsare kI apekSA rakhane vAlA svayaM asamartha hotA hai| zaMkA-nitya padArtha ko sahakArI kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM hotI, kintu sahakAriyoM ke abhAva meM na hotA huA kArya ho unakI apekSA rakhatA hai| samAdhAna--to kyA nitya padArtha una kAryoM ko karane meM asamartha hai ? yadi vaha svayaM unheM karane meM samartha hai to sahakArI kAraNoM kA muMha tAkane vAle una becAre kAryoM kI upekSA kyoM karatA hai ? jhaTapaTa kara kyoM nahIM detA? ___ zaMkA--bIja aMkura kI ratpatti meM samartha hone para bhI pRthvI, jala Adi sahAyaka kAraNoM ke milane para hI use utpanna karatA hai, akelA nhiiN| isI prakAra nitya padArtha samartha hokara bhI
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________________ 60 pramANamImAMsA tat kiM tasya sahakAribhiH kiJcidupakriyeta, na vaa?| no cet sa ki pUrvavoMdAste / upakriyeta cet sa tahiM tairupakAro bhinno'bhinno vA kriyata iti nirvacanIyam / abhede sa eva kriyate iti lAbhamicchato mUlakSatirAyAtA / bhede sa kathaM tasyopakAraH?,kiM na saanidhyaaderpi?| tatsambandhAttasyAyamiti cet ; upakAryopakArayoH kaH sambandhaH? / na saMyogaH; dravyayoreva tasya bhAvAt / nApi samavAyastasya pratyAsattiviprakarSAbhAvena sarvatra tulyatvAnna niyatasambandhisambandhatvaM yuktam, tattve vA tatkRta upakAro'syAbhyupagantavyaH, tathA ca satyupakArasya bhedAbhedakalpanA tadavasthaiva / upakAssya samavAyAdabhede samavAya eva kRtaH syAt / bhede punarapi samavAyasya vizeSaNavizeSya bhAvo heturiti cet; upakAryopakArakabhAvAbhAve tasyApi pratiniyamahetutvAbhAvAt / upakAre tu punarbhedAbhedavikalpadvAreNa tadevAvartate / tannakAntanityo bhAvaHkrameNArthakriyAM kurute| sahakArI kAraNoM se yukta hokara arthakriyA karatA hai / samAdhAna-aisA hai to sahakArI kAraNa nitya padArtha meM kucha viziSTatA (upakAra) utpanna karate haiM yA nahIM ? yadi nahIM karate arthAt sahakArI kAraNoM ke milane para bhI nitya padArtha jyoM kA tyoM ho rahatA hai to sahakAriyoM ke milane para bhI pUrvavat udAsIna kyoM nahIM rahatA ? yadi upakAra karate haiM arthAt viziSTatA utpanna karate haiM to vaha upakAra nitya padArtha kA utpAdana hI kahalAyA / (nityatA kI kSati ho gaI) isa prakAra lAbha kI icchA karane vAle kI mUla pUMjI hI naSTa ho gaI / ) yadi sahakArikRta upakAra nitya padArtha se bhinna hotA hai to vaha usakA hI kyoM kahalAegA? sahya yA vindhya parvata kA kyoM nahIM kahalAe? zaMkA-nitya padArtha ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa vaha upakAra usI kA kahalAtA hai,anya kA nahIM / samAdhAna-to upakArya (nitya padArtha) aura upakAra meM kauna-sA sambandha hai ? use saMyoga saMbaMdha kaha nahIM sakate,kyoMki saMyoga do dravyoM meM hI hotA hai (yahA~ padArtha dravya hai kintu upakAra dravya nahIM-kriyA hai|) kadAcit samavAya sambandha kaho to vaha eka aura sarvavyApI hone se sarvatra tulya hai--kisI se nikaTa aura kisI se dUra nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM amuka ke sAtha hI vaha saMbaMdha ho, dUsare ke sAtha nahIM, aisI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI / yadi yaha vyavasthA mAna lI jAya to niyata sambandhiyoM dvArA kRta upakAra samavAya kA mAnanA cAhie / aisA sthiti meM upakAra ke bheda aura abheda kI vaha kalpanA jyoM kI tyoM kAyama rahatI hai| upakAra kA samavAya se abheda mAnA jAya to upakAra ko utpatti kA abhiprAya samavAya kI utpatti hogaa| yadi bheda svIkAra kiyA jAya to punaH vahI bAdhA khaDI hogI ki vaha upakAra samavAya kA hI kaise mAnA jAya ? kisI dUsare kA kyoM na mAnA jAya ? samavAya ka niyata sabaMdha-saMbaMdhatva meM vizeSaNavizeSyamAva kAraNa hai , aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki upakArya-upakArakabhAva ke abhAva meM vaha bhI niyatatA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, agara punaH vahI prazna upasthita hotA hai ki vaha upakAra bhinna hai yA abhinna hai ? isa prakAra anavasthA doSa kI prApti hotI hai / ataeva yaha nizcita
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________________ pramANapImAMsA __ 125-nApyakrameNa / na hyako bhAvaH sakalakAlakalAbhAvinIyugapat sarvAH kriyA: karotIti prAtItikam / kurutAM vA, tathApi dvitIyakSaNe kiM kuryaat?| karaNe vA kramapakSabhAvI doSaH / akaraNe'narthakriyAkAritvAdavastutvaprasaGgaH- ityekAntanityAt kramAkramAbhyAM vyAptArthakriyA vyApakAnupalabdhibalAt vyApakanivRttau nivartamAnA vyApyamarthakriyAkAritvaM nivartayati, tadapi svavyApyAM sattvamityasan dravyakAntaH / 126-paryAyakAntarUpo'pi pratikSaNavinAzI bhAvo na krameNArthakriyAsamartho dezakRtasya kAlakRtasya ca kramasyaivAbhAvAt / avasthitasyaiva hi nAnAdezakAlavyAptirdezakramaH kAlakramazcAbhidhIyate / na caikAntavinAzini sAsti / yadAhuH ___ "yo yatraiva sa tatraiva yo yadaiva tadaiva sH| na dezakAlayorvyAptirbhAvAnAmiha vidyate // " 127-na ca santAnApekSayA pUrvottarakSaNAnAM kramaH sambhavati, santAnasyA'vastutvAt / vastutve'pi taraya yadi kSaNikatvaM na tahi kSaNebhyaH kazcidvizeSaH / athAkSaNikatvam ; susthitaH paryAyaikAntavAdaH ! yadAhuH 125-nitya padArtha eka sAtha bhI arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa| sampUrNa kAla ke aMzoM vibhAgoM meM honevAlI samasta kriyAoM ko eka hI padArtha eka hI sAtha kara letA hai, yaha bAta pratIti ke yogya nahIM hai / thoDI dera ke lie mAna leM ki vaha aisA karatA hai to phira dUsare kSaNa meM vaha kyA karegA? kucha karegA to usakA karanA krama se karanA kahalAegA, (jisakA nirAkaraNa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai|) agara kucha bhI nahIM karegA to arthakriyAkArI nahIM rahane se avastu ho jaaegaa| isa prakAra nitya padArtha meM na krama banatA hai,na akrama banatA hai / krama-akrama vyApaka haiM aura arthakriyA vyApya hai / vyApaka ke abhAva meM vyApya bhI nahIM rahatA arthAt krama-akrama ke abhAva meM arthakriyA bhI ghaTita nahIM hotI aura arthakriyA ke ghaTita na hone se sattva bhI usameM nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki sattva kA vyApaka arthakriyAkAritva hai, ataH jahA~ arthakriyAkAritva kA abhAva hai, vahA~ sattva kA bhI abhAva hogaa| 126-kSaNa-kSaNa meM naSTa hone vAlA ekAnta paryAyarUpa padArtha bhI kramase arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa| usameM dezakRta yA kAlakRta krama hI nahIM ho sakatA to kramase arthakriyA kaise kara sakatA hai? sthira rahanevAle padArtha kA eka dezase dUsare deza meM honA dezakrama aura eka kAla se dUsare kAla meM honA kAlakrama kahalAtA hai| ekAntataH kSaNavinazvara padArtha meM ina donoM meM se koI bhI krama saMbhava nahIM hai / kahA bhI hai___jo padArtha jahA~ utpanna hotA hai vaha vahIM raha jAtA hai aura jisa kAla meM utpanna hotA hai, usI kAla meM rahatA hai na anyatra jA sakatA hai, na anyatra raha sakatA hai| ataeva ekAnta paryAyavAda meM deza aura kAla kI vyApti saMbhava nahIM hai| 127-zaMkA-santAna arthAt pravAha kI apekSA se vastu meM krama bana sakatA hai / samAdhAna nahIM / santAma kucha vastu hI nahIM hai / use vastu mAno to vaha kSaNika hai yA nitya? kSaNika mAnane
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 62 api nityaM paramArthasantaM santAnanAmAnamupaiSi bhAvam / 'uttiSTha bhikSo! phalitAstavAzAH so'yaM samAptaH kSaNabhaGgavAdaH // [ nyAyama0 pR0 464] iti / 128 - nApyakrameNa kSaNike'rthakriyA sambhati sa hyeko rUpAdikSaNo yugapadanekAn rasAdikSaNAn janayan yadyekena svabhAvena janayettadA teSAmekatvaM syAdekasvabhAvajanyatvAt / atha nAnAsvabhAvairjanayati kiJcidupAdAnabhAvena kiJcit sahakAritvena; te tarhi svabhAvAstasyAtmabhUtA anAtmabhUtA vA ? | anAtmabhUtAzcet; svabhAvahAniH / yadi tasyAtmabhUtAH; tahi tasyAnekatvaM svabhAvAnAM caikatvaM prasajyeta / atha ya evaikatropAdAnabhAvaH sa evAnyatra sahakAribhAva iti na svabhAvabheda iSyate; tarhi nityasyaikarUpasyApi krameNa nAnAkAryakAriNaH svabhAvabhedaH kAryasAGkayaM ca mA bhUt / athAkramAt kramiNAmanutpatternaivamiti cet; ekAnaMzakAraNAt yugapadanekakAraNasAdhyAnekakAryaviropara kSaNoM se usameM koI vizeSatA nahIM rhegii| yadi nitya kaho to ekAnta paryAyavAda kaise nibhe ? kahA hai- 'yadi nitya aura paramArthamat santAnanAmaka bhAva ko svIkAra karate ho to he bhikSo ! tumhArI AzAeM phalavatI huiiN| yaha kSaNabhaMgavAda samApta ho gayA ! 128-kSaNika padArtha meM yugapat arthakriyA saMgata nahIM ho sktii| eka hI samaya taka rahanevAlA rUpa yadi eka hI sAtha rasa, gaMdha, Adi aneka padArthoM ko eka hI svabhAva se utpanna karegA to ve rasa Adi eka hI ho jAe~ge kyoMki jo eka svabhAva se janma hote haiM ve eka hI hote haiM / bauddhamatAnusAra pUrvakSaNa apane sajAtIya uttara kSaNa kA upAdAna aura vijAtIya uttarakSaNa kA nimitta kAraNa hotA hai / bauddha nityavAdI ko yahI donoM doSa dete haiM / zaMkA-rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi ko eka svabhAva se utpanna nahIM karatA varan aneka svabhAvoM se utpanna karatA hai / rUpa apane uttarakSaNavartI rUpa ko upAdAna kAraNa ho kara utpanna karatA hai aura rasa Adi vijAtIya padArthoM ko nimitta kAraNa bana kara / ( isI prakAra rasa Adi bhI sajAtIya ke prati upAdAna aura vijAtIya ke prati nimitta kAraNa hote haiM / ) samAdhAna aisA hai to ve aneka svabhAva usa padArtha se bhinna haiM yA abhinna haiM ? bhinna hone para ve usake svabhAva nahIM ho skte| agara abhinna mAne jAe~ to anekarUpa mAnanA paDegA ( aura vaha niraMza nahIM rahegA ) athavA eka - niraMza-padArtha se abhinna hone ke kAraNa svabhAvoM meM ekatA mAnanI paDegI / zaMkA- eka jagaha upAdAna honA hI dUsarI jagaha nimitta hotA hai (jaise rUpa kA rUpa ke prati upAdAna kAraNa honA hI rasAdi ke prati nimitta honA mAnA jAtA hai ), ataeva padArtha meM svabhAva-bheda nahIM hai / samAdhAna to isI prakAra eka svabhAvavAlA nitya padArtha yadi krama se kArya kare to usameM bhI svabhAva kA bheda aura kAryoM kI saMkaratA nahIM honI cAhie / agara yaha kahA jAya ki akrama ( kramahIna - ekAntanitya) se kramika kAryoM kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai to phira tumhAre mAne hue eka aura niraMza kAraNa se, eka sAtha, aneka kAraNoM se sAdhya, aneka kArya nahIM ho sakate / isa prakAra kSaNika padArtha bhI akrama se kAryakArI nahIM hone cAhie /
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________________ 63 pramANamImAMsA dhAt kSaNikAnAmapyakrameNa kAryakAritvaM mA bhUditi paryAyakAntAdapi kramAkramayoApakayonivRttyaiva vyApyA'rthakriyApi vyAvartate / tavyAvRttau ca sattvamapi vyApakAnupalabdhibalenaiva nivartata ityasan paryAyakAnto'pi / 129-kANAdAstu dravyaparyAyAvubhAvapyupAgaman pRthivyAdIni guNAdyAdhArarUpANi drvyaanni,gunnaadystvaadheytvaatpryaayaaH| te ca kecit kSaNikAH kecidyAvaddavyabhAvinaH kecinnityA iti kevalamitaretaravini ThitamidharmAbhyupagamAnna smiciinvissyvaadinH| tathAhi-yadi dravyAdatyantavilakSaNaM sattvaM tadA dravyamasadeva bhavet / sattAyogAt sattvamastyeveti cet ; asatAM sattAyoge'pi kutaH sattvam ?, satAM tu niSphalaH sttaayogH| svarUpasattvaM bhAvAnAmastyeveti cet tahi kiM zikhaNDinA sttaayogen?| sattAyogAt prAk bhAvo na sannApyasana, sattAsambandhAttu sanniti cet vAGmAtrametat sadasadvilakSaNasya prakArAntarasyAsambhavAt / api ca padArthaH,sattA,yogaH' iti na tritayaM cakAsti / padAryasattayozca yogo yadi tAdAtmyam, tadanabhyupagamabAdhitam / ata eva na saMyogaH, isa prakAra ekAnta paryAyavAda meM bhI vyApaka-krama aura akrama ke na banane se unakI vyapya arthakriyA nahIM bana sktii| aura jaba arthakriyA nahIM bana sakatI to usakA bhI vyApya sarava nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki jahA~ vyApaka nahIM hotA vahA~ vyApya bhI nahIM hotA / ataeva ekAnta paryAyavAda bhI asat hai| . 129-vaizeSikoM ne dravya aura paryAya donoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra pRthivI Adi, jo guNoM ke AdhAra haiM, ve dravya haiM, aura guNa Adi padArtha Adheya hone se paryAya haiN| inameM se koI koI kSaNika haiM, koI yAvadravyabhAvI arthAt jaba taka dravya rahatA hai taba taka rahane vAle haiM aura koI-koI nitya haiN| magara vaizeSika dharmo ( dravya ) aura dharma (paryAya-guNa) ko sarvathA bhinna svIkAra karate haiM, ataeva unakA kathana samyaka nahIM hai| yathA-yadi sattA (sAmAnya) dravya se sarvathA vilakSaNa-bhinna hai to dravya asata honA caahie| zaMkA-sattA kA samavAya hone se dravya sat hai / samAdhAna-dravyAdi svarUpa se asat haiM yA sat haiM ? asat haiM to sattA ke samavAya se bhI ve sat nahIM ho sakate / aura yadi sat haiM to unameM sattA kA samavAya mAnanA niSphala hai| zaMkA-padArthoM meM svarUpasattA to hotI hI hai| samAdhAna-to phira isa zikhaMDI sattAsamavAya se kyA lAma hai ? zaMkA--sattA ke samavAya se pahale padArtha na sat hotA hai, na asat hotA hai, sattA ke sambandha se sat hotA hai / samAdhAna-yaha vacanamAtra hai / sat aura asat se vilakSaNa koI tIsarA prakAra ho hI nahIM sakatA-jo sat nahIM hai vaha asat aura jo asat nahIM hai vaha sat hotA hI hai / isake atirikta padArtha, sattA aura samavAya, ina tIna kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| padArtha aura sattA ke saMbaMdha ko yadi tAdAtmya saMbaMdha kahA jAya to vaha vaizeSika ne mAnA hI nahIM hai| saMyoga saMbaMdha
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________________ pramANamImAMsA samavAyastvanAzrita iti sarva sarveNa sambadhnIyAnna vA kiJcit kenacit / evaM dravya. guNakarmaNAM dravyatvAdibhiH, dravyasya dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyavizeSaiH, pRthivyaptejovAyUnAM pRthivitvAdibhiH, AkAzAdInAM ca dravyANAM svaguNoMge yathAyogaM sarvamabhidhAnIyam, ekAntabhinnAnAM kenacit kathaJcit sambandhAyogAt,ityaulUkyapakSe'pi viSayavyavasthA duHsthaa| 130-nanu dravyaparyAyAtmakatve'pi vastunastadavasthameva dausthyam; tathAhi-dravyaparyAyayoraikAntikabhedAbhedaparihAreNa kathaJcidbhedAbhedavAdaH syAdvAdibhirupeyate, na cAsau yukto *virodhAdidoSAt--vidhipratiSedharUpayorekatra vastunyasambhavAnnIlA-- nIlavat 1 / atha kenacidrUpeNa bhedaH kenacidabhedaH; evaM sati bhedasyAnyadadhikaraNamabhedasya cAnyaditi vaiyadhikaraNyam 2 / yaM cAtmAnaM purodhAya bhedo yaM cAzrityAbhedastAbhI ve svIkAra nahIM karate / raha gayA samavAya saMbaMdha so vaha sarvavyApI hai| usake dvArA saMbaMdha hogA to sabhI kA sabhI ke sAtha hogA, na hogA to kisI ke sAtha nahIM hogaa| isI prakAra dravya kA dravyatva ke sAtha, guNa kA guNatva ke sAtha, karma kA karmatva ke sAtha,dravya kA dravya guNa karma sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sAtha, pRthvIkA pRthvItva ke sAtha,apa kA aptva ke sAtha, tejasa kA tejastva ke sAtha, vAyu kA vAyutva ke sAtha tathA AkAza Adi dravyoM kA apane-apane guNoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha ke viSaya meM yathAyogya saba kaha lenA caahie| sArAMza yaha hai ki jo ekAntataH bhinna haiM,unakA kisI ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra vaizeSika darzana meM bhI viSaya kI vyavasthA saMgata nahIM hotii| 130-zaMkA-vastu ko dravya-paryAyAtyaka mAnane para bhI asaMgati to kAyama rahatI hI hai| syAdvAdI dravya aura paryAya ke ekAnta bheda aura abheda kA parityAga karake kathaMcit bhedAbheda svIkAra karate haiM / kintu vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki usameM virodha (ATha) doSa upasthita hote haiM ve doSa isa prakAra hai 1-virodha-vidhiniSedha rUpa bheda aura abheda kA eka vastu meM rahanA asaMbhava hai| jaise nIla aura anIla kA rhnaa| 2-vaiyadhika raNya-agara kisI rUpa se bheda aura kisI rUpa se abheda kaho to bheda kA adhikaraNa bhinna aura abheda kA adhikaraNa bhinna hogaa| yaha vaiyadhikaraNya doSa hai| *1-jo anupalambha se sAdhya ho, vaha virodha kahalAtA hai jaise-hima aura Atapa kA / 2-vibhinna AdhAroM meM vRtti honA vaiyadhika Nya (vyadhikaraNatA) hai| 3-aprAmANika ananta padArthoM kI kalpanA karatekarate kahIM anta na AnA anavasthA doSa hai| 4-eka sAtha donoM kI prApti honA saMkara doSa hai / 5-paraspara viSaya-gamana vyatikara doSa hai| 6- nizcita aneka koTiyoM kA jJAna saMzaya hai| 7-aprtiptti-ajnyaan| 8-pramANa kA viSaya kyA hai-yaha nizcita na honA viSayavyavasthA-hAmi doSa hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 65 kvAtmAnau bhinnAbhinnAvanyathaikAntavAdaprasaktistathA ca satyanavasthA 3 / yena ca rUpeNa mehastena bhedazcAbhedazca yena cAbhedastenApyabhedazca bhedazceti saGkaraH 4 / yena rUpeNa bhedastenAbhedo yenAbhedastena bheda iti vyatikaraH 5 / bhedAbhedAtmakatve ca vastuno viviktenAkAreNa nizcetumazakteH saMzayaH 6 / tatazcApratipattiH 7 iti na viSayavyavasthA 8 / naibam ; pratIyamAne vastuni virodhasyAsambhavAt / yatsannidhAne yo nopalabhyate sa tasya virodhIti nizcIyate / upalabhyamAne ca vastuni ko virodhagandhAvakAzaH ? / nIlAnIlayorapi yadyekatropalambho'sti tadA nAsti virodhaH / ekatra citrapaTIjJAne saugatairnIlA vidhAnabhyupagamAt, yogaizcaikasya citrasya rUpasyAbhyupagamAt, ekasyaiva ca paTAdezcalAcalaraktAraktAvRtAnAvRtAdiviruddhadharmANAmupalabdheH prakRte ko virodhazaGkA-vakAzaH ? / etena vaiyadhikaraNyadoSo'pyapAstaH; tayorekAdhikaraNatvena prAguktayuktidizA 3 - anavasthA jisa svarUpa se bheda aura jisa svarUpa se abheda hai| ve donoM svarUpa bhI bhinnamina mAnane paDeMge / nahIM mAneMge to ekAntavAda kA prasaMga ho jAyagA / bhinnAbhinna mAnane para anavasthA doSa hogaa| kyoMki pratyeka bhedAbheda ke lie naye-naye svarUpa kI kalpanA karanI paDegI / 4- saMkara-jisa svabhAva se bheda hai usI svabhAva se bheda aura abheda bhI mAnanA paDegA aura jisa svabhAva se abheda hai usa svabhAva se abheda aura bheda bhI mAnanA hogaa| isa taraha saMkara dova kA prasaMga AtA hai / 5 - vyatikara-jisa svarUpa se bheda hogA, usI svarUpa se abheda bhI hogA aura jisa svarUpa. se abheda hai usI svarUpa se bheda bhI hogaa| yaha vyatikara doSa hai / 6 - saMzaya-vastu ko bhedAbhedAtmaka svIkAra karanepara pRthak rUpa se nizcita karanA azakya jAyagA ataeva saMzaya doSa kI prApti hogI / 7- apratipatti-saMzaya hone para ThIka jJAna kA abhAva hogA / 8- viSayavyavasthAhAni -jJAna kA abhAva hone se viSaya kI vyavasthA naSTa ho jAegI / samAdhAna - syAdvAda meM ina doSoM ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai| pratIta hone vAlI vastu meM virodha honA asaMbhava hai / jisa padArtha ke hone para jo padArtha upalabdha na ho, vaha usakA virodhI hai, aisA samajhA jAtA hai| magara upalabdha hone vAlI vastu meM virodha kI gaMdha ke lie bhI kahA~ avakAza hai ? nIla aura anIla meM virodha hone kA kAraNa unakI ekatra anupalabdhi hai / yadi ye donoM ekatra upalabdha hote to unameM bhI virodha na hotaa| bauddhoMne eka hI citrapaTajJAna meM nIla aura anIla kA virodha svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| yaugoM ne citra rUpa ko eka hI mAnA hai| eka hI vastra Adi meM calatA, acalatA, raktatA, araktatA, AvRtatA, anAvRtatA Adi paraspara virodhI dharma pAye jAte haiN| to phira eka hI vastu meM dravya-paryAyarUpatA mAnane meM virodha kI zaMkA ke lie bhI kahA~ avakAza hai ? virodha doSa ke parihAra se vaiyadhikaraNya doSa kA bhI parihAra ho jAtA hai, kyoMki dravyaparyAya rUpatA eka hI vastu meM pUrvokta yuktiyoM ke anusAra
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________________ pramANamImAMsA pratIteH / yadapyamavasthAnaM dUSaNamupanyastam , tadapyanekAntavAdimatAnabhijJenaiva, tanmataM hi dravyaparyAyAtmake vastuni dravyaparyAyAveva bhedaH bhedadhvaninA tayorevAbhidhAnAt, dravyarUpeNAbhedaH iti dravyamevAbhedaH ekaanekaatmktvaadvstunH| yau ca saravyatikarau tau mecakajJAnanidarzanena sAmAnyavizeSadRSTAntena ca parihatau / atha tatra tathApratibhAsaH samAdhAnam ; parasyApi tadevAstu pratibhAsasyApakSapAtitvAt / nirNIte cArthe saMzayo'pi na yuktaH, tasya sakampapratipattirUpatvAdakampapratipattau durghaTatvAt / pratipanne ca vastunyapratipattiriti sAhasam / upalabdhyabhidhAnAdanupalambho'pi na siddhastato nAbhAva iti dRSTaSTAviruddhaM dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastviti // 32 // 131-nanu dravyaparyAyAtmakatve'pi vastunaH kathamarthakriyA nAma ? / sA hi kramA(eka hI citrajJAna meM aneka AkAroM ko moti Adi ke sanAna) pratIta hotI hai| . anekAntavAda meM anavasthA doSa vahI kahatA hai jo usase anabhijJa hai / anekAntavAdiyoM kA mata to yaha hai ki dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu meM 'yaha dravya hai, yaha paryAya hai' isa prakAra bhinna-- bhinna zabdoM dvArA kathana hone se 'dravya-paryAya' yahI bheda hai aura dravya rUpa se abheda hai arthAt jaba usI vastu ko dravya rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to abheda hotA hai / isa prakAra vastu eka aura aneka rUpa hai| (sarvathA bhedAbheda na hone se anavasthA ko avakAza nahIM hai| saMkara aura vyatikara nAmaka jo doSa batalAe haiM, unakA parihAra 1 mecakajJAna' aura 2sAmAnya-vizeSa'arthAt apara-sAmAnya se ho jAtA hai / kadAcit aisA kahA jAya ki mecakajJAna Adi meM to anekAkAroM kA pratimAsa hotA hai to yahA~ bhI yahI samAdhAna samajhanA cAhie, arthAt jaise eka mecakajJAna meM aneka AkAroM kI pratIti hone se doSa nahIM hai, usI prakAra yahA~ anekAntavAda meM bhI eka vastu meM aneka dharmoM kI pratIti hotI hai, ataeva doSa nahIM hai / kyoMki pratibhAsa pakSapAtI nahIM hotaa| nirNIta vastu meM saMzaya kahanA bhI ayukta hai / saMzaya calAyamAna pratipattirUpa hotA hai, ataeva jahA~ nizcala pratipatti ho vahA~ usake lie avakAza nahIM hai / jo vastu pratipanna (vijJAna-pramANasiddha) hai, usameM apratipatti doSa batalAnA sAhasa kA hI kAma hai| upalabdhi ke abhidhAna se anupalabdhi bhI siddha nahIM hotI, ataeva viSaya--vyavasthA kA amAva nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vastu dravya-paryAyasvarUpa hai, yaha tathya pratyakSa aura anumAna se aviruddha hai // 32 // .. 131-zaMkA-vastu dravyaparyAyamaya ho to bhI usase arthakriyA kaise ho sakatI hai ? artha 1pAMcoM varNoM vAlA ratna / 2gotva Adi apara sAmAnya, sAmAnya-vizeSa kahalAte haiM / gojAtIya samasta padArtho meM rahane se gotva sAmAnya hai aura vijAtIya padArthoM se vyAvatta hone ke kAraNa vizeSa bhI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 67 kramAbhyAM vyAptA dravyaparyAyaikAntavadubhayAtmakAdapi vyAvartatAm / zakyaM hi vaktumubhayAtmA bhAvo na krameNArthakriyAM kartuM samarthaH, samarthasya kSepAyogAt / na ca sahakApekSA yuktA, dravyasyAvikAryatvena sahakArikRtopakAranirapekSatvAt / paryAyANAM ca kSaNikatvena pUrvAparakAryakAlApratIkSaNAt / nApyakrameNa yugapaddhi sarvakAryANi kRtvA punarakurvato'narthaM kriyAkAritvAdasattvam kurvataH kramapakSabhAvI doSaH / dravyaparyAyavAdayozca yo doSaH sa ubhayavAde'pi samAnaH "pratyekaM yo bhaveddoSo dvayorbhAve kathaM na saH ?" iti vacanAdityAha - pUrvottarAkAraparihAra svIkArasthitilakSaNapariNAmenAsyArthakriyopapattiH // 33 // 132 - ' pUrvottarayoH ' ' AkArayoH' vivartayoryathAsaGkhyena yau 'parihArasvIkArau' tAbhyAM sthitiH saiva 'lakSaNam' yasya sa cAsau pariNAmazca tena 'asya' dravyaparyAyAtmakasyArthakriyopapadyate / kriyA krama aura akrama ( yaugapadya) ke sAtha vyApta hai / vaha jaise ekAnta dravyAtmaka aura ekAnta paryAyAtmaka padArtha ghaTita nahIM hotI, usI prakAra dravyaparyAyAtmaka padArtha meM bhI nahIM ghaTita honA caahie| kahA jA sakatA hai ki ubhayAtmaka padArtha krama se arthakriyA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki krama se karane meM kAlakSepa hotA hai aura samartha jo hotA hai, vaha kAlakSepa nahIM karatA / agara sahakArI kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa krama kArya karatA ho to bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki dravya meM kisI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM ho sakatA, ataeva use sahAyaka kAraNoM dvArA hone vAle upakAra kI apekSA nahIM hotI aura paryAya kSaNika hote haiM, ataeva ve bhI Age-pIche ke kAryakAlakI pratIkSA nahIM kara sakate / dravya-paryAyAtmaka padArtha akrama se ( eka sAtha) bhI arthakriyA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki eka sAtha saba kriyAe~ kara legA to dUsare Adi samayoM meM kucha nahIM karegA aura aisI sthiti meM. arthakriyAkArI na hone se asat ho jaaegaa| phira bhI kriyA karegA to pakSa ke doSoM kA prasaMga hogA / ekAnta dravyapakSa ( nityavAda) meM aura ekAnta paryAyapakSa (anityavAda - kSaNikapakSa ) meM jo jo doSa Ate haiM, ve ubhayavAda meM samAna haiN| kyoMki eka-eka pakSa meM Ane vAle doSa ubhayapakSa meM kaise nahIM hoMge ?' avazya hoNge| isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate haiM artha - pUrva paryAya kA parityAga, uttara paryAya kA utpAda aura sthiti arthAt dhrauvyasvarUpa parinAma se dravya-paryAyAtmaka padArtha meM arthakriyA saMgata hotI hai // 33 // 132 - dravya - paryAyAtmaka padArtha apane pUrva-pUrva ke paryAya ko tyAgatA rahatA hai aura navIna navIna paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai aura dravya rUpa se vaha dhruva bhI rahatA hai / yaha utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya hI usakA pariNAma kahalAtA hai / isa pariNAma ke kAraNa padArtha arthakriyA karatA hai /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA / 133-ayamarthaH-na dravyarUpaM na paryAyarUpaM nobhayarUpaM vastu, yena tattatpakSabhAvI doSaH syAt,kintu sthityutpAdavyayAtmakaM zabalaM jAtyantarameva vastu / tena tattatsahakArisannidhAne krameNa yugapadvA tAM tAmarthakriyAM kurvataH sahakArikRtAM copakAraparamparAmupajIvato bhinnAbhinnopakArAdinodanAnumodanApramuditAtmanaH ubhayapakSabhAvidoSazaGkA- . kalaGkAkAndizIkasya bhAvasya na vyApakAnupalabdhibalenArthakriyAyAH, nApi tadvyApyasattvasya nivRttiriti siddhaM dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu pramANasya vissyH||33|| 134-phalamAha phlmrthprkaashH||34|| 135-'pramANasya' iti vartate, pramANasya 'phalam' 'arthaprakAzaH' arthasaMvedanam arthIi hi sarvaH pramAtetyarthasaMvedanameva phalaM yuktam / nanvevaM pramANameva phalatvenoktaM syAt, omiti cet tahi pramANaphalayorabhedaH syAt / tataH kiM syaat| pramANaphalayoraikye sadasatpakSabhAvI doSaH syAt, nAsataH karaNatvaM na sataH phalatvam / satyam astyayaM doSo janmani na vyavasthAyAm / yadAhuH 133-abhiprAya yaha hai ki anekAnta mata meM vastu na kevala dravyAtmaka hai,na kevala paryAyAsmaka hai aura na paraspara bhinna dravya-paryAyAtmaka hai| anekAntapakSa ina tInoM ekAnta pakSoM se vilakSaNa hai / ataeva ina pakSoM meM Ane vAle doSa anekAntapakSa meM lAgU nahIM ho sakate / vastu vAstava meM sthiti, utpatti aura vyaya se yukta eka pRthak-jAtirUpa hai| ataeva vaha vibhinna sahakArI kAraNoM kA sannidhAna hone para krama se yA yugapat nAnA prakAra kI arthakriyAoM ko karatI hai, sahakArI kAraNoM dvArA kiye jAne vAle upakAroM kI sahAyatA letI hai / kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna una upakAryoM se usameM sAmarthya AtA hai / ataeva donoM ekAnta pakSoM meM Ane vAle doSoM kI AzaMkA ke kalaMka se vaha mukta hai| isa prakAra kI vastu se krama aura yogapadya rUpa vyApaka kI anupalabdhi ke kAraNa arthakriyA kA aura arthakriyA ke vyApya sattva kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| * isa prakAra dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya hai, yaha siddha huA // 33 // . 134-pramANa kA phala-(artha)-pramANa kA phala artha kA prakAza hotA hai // 34 // .... 135-'pramANa' ko anuvRtti hai, ataH pramANa kA phala artha kA jJAna hotA hai| sabhI pramAtA arthakriyA meM samartha vastu ko ho jAnane ke icchuka hote haiM ataeva aise padArtha kA jJAna hI pramANa kA phala honA cAhie / zaMkA-jJAna hI pramANa hai aura jJAna ko hI phala mAnA hai,yaha to pramANa ko hI phala mAnanA khlaayaa| samAdhAna-hA~, khlaayaa| zaMkA-to pramANa aura phala meM bheda nahIM rahA / samAdhAna--nahIM rahA to kyA hogayA ? - zaMkA-sadasatpakSabhAvI doSa ho gyaa| yadi pramANa asat hogA to vaha kArya-phala kAkaraNa nahIM ho sakegA aura yadi sat mAnA jAegA to use phala kArya nahIM kahA jA sakatA |smaadhaantthiik hai, utpatti meM yaha doSa hotA hai, vyavasthA meM nahIM / kahA bhI hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "nAsato hetutA nApi sato hetoH phlaatmtaa| iti janmani doSaH syAd vyavasthA tu na doSabhAg // " iti // 34 // 136-vyavasthAmeva darzayati karmasthA kriyA // 35 // . 137-karmonmukho jJAnavyApAraH phalam // 35 // 138-pramANaM kimityAha kartRsthA pramANam // 36 // 139-kartRvyApAramullikhan bodhaH pramANam // 36 // 140-kathamasya pramANatvam ? / karaNaM hi tat sAdhakatamaM ca karaNamucyate / avyavahitaphalaM ca tadityAha tarayAM satyAmarthaprakAzasiddheH // 37 // 141-'tasyAma, iti kartasthAyAM pramANarUpAyAM kriyAyAM 'satyAma' 'arthaprakAzasya' phalasya 'siddheH' vyavasthApanAt / ekajJAnagatatvena pramANaphalayorabhedo, vyavasthA 'jo asat arthAt avidyamAna hotA hai, vaha karaNa nahIM ho sakatA aura sat hotA hai vaha kArya nahIM ho sakatA / tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi pramANa aura phala abhinna haiM to yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki pramANa sata mAnA jAya yA asata ? yadi sata hai to usase abhinna hone ke kAraNa phala ko bhI sat mAnanA paDegA / jaba phala bhI sat hai to pramANa se usakI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai ? aura yadi pramANa svayaM asat hai to phala meM use karaNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataH yaha doSa utpatti meM hotA hai, vyavasthA meM yaha doSa lAgU nahIM hotA' // 34 // 136-vyavasthA kA upadarzana-(sUtrArtha)-karma meM sthita kriyA kahalAtI hai // 35 // 137--karma kI ora unmukha jJAna-vyApAra phala kahalAtA hai 138-pramANa kyA hai ? (sUtrArtha)--kartA meM sthita kriyA pramANa hai| 139-kartA ke vyApAra kA ullekha karatA huA bodha pramANa kahalAtA hai| 140-yaha pramANa kyoM hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki vaha karaNa hai aura karaNa sAdhakatama hotA hai| binA kAlavyavadhAna ke tatkAla usase kArya ko utpatti hotI hai / yahI bAta Age kahate haiM (sUtrArtha)--kartRstha kriyA ke hone para arthaprakAza kI siddhi hotI hai||37|| 141--pramANarUpa kartRstha kriyA ke hone para arthaprakAza kI siddhi hotI hai / isa prakAra pramANa aura phala eka hI jJAnagata hone se abhinna haiM, kintu vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka ke bheda se bhinna bhI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki kriyA karma aura kartA donoM meM rahatI hai / yahA~ jJapti kriyA karma meM rahane se phala haiM aura kartA meM rahane se pramANa hai| kintu vastutaH kriyA eka hai aura vahI pramANa tathA phala hai| usa apekSA se pramANa aura phala meM ameva hone para bhI pramANa vyavasthApaka
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________________ pramANamImAMsA yavyavasthApakabhAvAttu bheda iti bhedAbhedarUpaH syAdvAdamabAdhitamanupatati pramANaphalabhAva itIdamakhilapramANasAdhAraNamavyavahitaM phalamuktam // 37 // 70 142 - avyavahitameva phalAntaramAha - ajJAnanivRttirvA // 38 // 143-pramANapravRtteH pUrvaM pramAtuvivakSite viSaye yat 'ajJAnam' tasya nivRttiH' phalamityanye / yadAhu: " pramANasya phalaM sAkSAdajJAnavinivartanam / kevalasya sukhopekSe zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH || " [ nyAyA* 28 ] iti // 38 // 144 - vyavahitamAha avagrahAdInAM vA kramopajanadharmANAM pUrvaM pUrvaM pramANamuttaramuttaraM phalam || 39 // 145- avagrahehAvAyadhAraNAsmRtipratyabhijJAnohAnumAnAnAM krameNopajAyamAnAnAM yadyat pUrvaM tattatpramANaM yadyaduttaraM tattatphalarUpaM pratipattavyam / avagrahapariNAmavAn hyAtmA IhArUpaphalatayA pariNamati itIhAphalApekSayA avagrahaH pramANam / tato'pIhA pramANamavAyaH phalam / punaravAyaH pramANaM dhAraNA phalam / IhAdhAraNayorjJAnopAdAnatvAt jJAnarUpatonneyA / tato dhAraNA pramANaM smRtiH phalam / tato'pi smRtiH pramANaM pratyaaura phala vyavasthApya hai, isa apekSA se donoM meM bheda bhI hai| ataeva pramANa aura phala meM bhedAbheda rUpa syAdvAda lAgU hotA hai / yaha sabhI pramANoM kA sAmAnya sAkSAt phala kahA gayA hai || 37 // 142--dUsarA sAkSAt phala -- ( sUtrArtha ) athavA -- ajJAna kI nivRtti phala hai // 38 // 143 - pramANa kI pravRtti hone se pahale pramAtA ko kisI viSaya meM jo ajJAna hotA hai, usakA dUra ho jAnA pramANa kA phala hai| kahA bhI hai 'pramANa kA sAkSAt phala ajJAna kA nivAraNa ho jAnA hai| paraspara phala kevalajJAna kA sukha aura upekSAbhAva honA hai aura zeSa pramANoM kA grahaNabuddhi tathA tyAga buddhi honA hai' // 38 vyavahita kA nirUpaNa- (sUtrArtha ) krama se utpanna ke svabhAva vAle avagraha Adi meM se pUrva - pUrva ke pramANa aura uttara-uttara vAle phala haiM / / 39 // 145 - avagraha IhA, avAya dhAraNA smRti, pratyabhijJAna, Uha (tarka) aura anumAna yaha jJAna krama se utpanna hote haiM, arthAt pahale avagraha, phira IhA, phira avAya Adi hote haiN| inameM pahale-pahale vAlA jJAna pramANa aura Age-Age vAlA usakA phala hai / jo AtmA pahale avagrahaparyAya se yukta hotA hai, vahI IhArUpa phala se yukta hotA hai / ataeva avagraha pramANa aura IhA usakA phala hai, tatpazcAt IhA pramANa aura avAya usakA phala hai, punaH avAya pramANa aura dhAraNA usakA phala hai, phira dhAraNA pramANa aura smRti usakA phala hai, isI prakAra smRti pramANa aura pratyabhijJAna
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 71 bhijJAnaM phalam / tato'pi pratyabhijJA pramANamUhaH phalam / tato'pyUhaH pramANamanumAnaM phalamiti pramANaphala vibhAga iti // 39 // 146 - phalAntaramAha hAnAdibuddhayo vA // 40 // 147 - hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhayo vA pramANasya phalam / phalabahutvapratipAdanaM sarveSAM phalatvena na virodho vaivakSikatvAt phalasyeti pradipAdanArtham // 40 // 148 - ekAntabhinnAbhinnaphalavAdimataparIkSArthamAhapramANAdbhinnAbhinnam // 41 // 149-karaNarUpatvAt kriyArUpatvAcca pramANaphalayorbhedaH / abhede pramANaphala-bhedavyavahArAnupapatteH pramANameva vA phalameva vA bhavet / apramANAdvyAvRttyA pramANavyavahAraH, aphalAdvyAvRttyA ca phalavyavahAro bhaviSyatIti cet; naivam ; evaM sati pramANAntarAdvyAvRttyA'pramANavyavahAraH, phalAntarAdvyAvRttyA'phalavyavahAro'pyastu, vijAtIyAdiva sajAtIyAdapi vyAvRttatvAdvastunaH / usakA phala hai, phira pratyabhijJAna pramANa aura Uha usakA phala hai aura Uha pramANa tathA anumAna. usakA phala hai / isa prakAra pramANa aura usake phala kA vibhAga samajha lenA cAhie // 39 // 146-anya phala batalAte haiM - (sUtrArtha) - athavA hAnabuddhi Adi phala haiM // 40 // 147 - athavA hAnabuddhi--tyAga karane kI buddhi, grahaNa karane kI buddhi aura upekSA buddhi pramANa kA phala hai / yahA~ aneka phaloM kA jo pratipAdana kiyA hai, vaha isalie ki ina saba ke phala hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki phala pramAtA kI icchA ke anusAra hotA hai // 40 // 148- pramANa se phala ko ekAnta bhinna yA ekAnta abhinna kahane vAle mata kI parIkSA(sUtrArtha - pramANa kA phala pramANa se bhinna aura abhinna hai // 41 // 149 -- pramANa karaNa haiM aura phala kriyA hai, ataeva donoM meM bhinnatA bhI hai| ekAnta abheda mAnA jAya to 'pramANa aura phala' isa prakAra ke bheda kA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakegA / yA to pramANa hI hogA yA akelA phala ho / zaMkA- donoM meM abhinnatA hone para bhI apramANa kI vyAvRtti se pramANa kA aura aphala kI vyAvRtti se phala kA vyavahAra ho sakatA hai|* samAdhAna- yaha mAnyatA ThIka nahIM / pratyeka vastu jaise vijAtIya padArthoM se bhinna hotI haiM, usI prakAra sajAtIyoM se bhI bhinna hotI hai| ataeva jaise apramANa se vyAvRtta hone se 'pramANa kI' kalpanA karate ho, usI prakAra pramANAntara ( dUsare pramANa ) se vyAvRtta hone ke kAraNa bhI * * ( yaha bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai / bauddha anyavyAvRtti ko zabda kA artha mAnate haiM / unake matAnusAra 'go kA artha galakaMbalavAlA caupAyA pazu nahIM kintu jo 'ago' se bhinna ho, vaha go' hai / isI prakAra jo apramANa na ho so pramANa aura aphala na ho so phala, aisA vyavahAra eka hI vastu meM mAnA jAtA hai / )
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________________ 72 pramANamImAMsA 150-tathA, tasyaivAtmanaH pramANAkAreNa pariNatistasyaiva phalarUpatayA pariNAma ityekapramAtrapekSayA pramANaphalayorabhedaH / bhede tvAtmAntaravattadanupapattiH / atha yatravAtmani pramANaM samavetaM phalamapi tatraiva samavetamiti samavAyalakSaNayA pratyAsatyA pramANaphalavyavasthitiriti nAtmAntare tatprasaGga iti cet, na; samavAyasya nityatvAd vyApakatvAnniyatAtmavatsarvAtmasvapya vizeSAnna tato niyatapramAtRsambandhapratiniyamaH tat siddhametat pramANAtphalaM kathaJcidbhinnamabhinnaM ceti // 41 // . 151-pramAtAraM lakSayati svaparAbhAsI pariNAmyAtmA pramAtA // 42 // 152.-svam AtmAnaM paraM cArthamAbhAsayituM zIlaM yasya sa 'svaparAbhAsI' svonmukhatayA'rthonmukhatayA cAvabhAsanAt ghaTamahaM jAnAmIti karmakartRkriyANAM pratIte. 'apramANa' kI kalpanA karanI paDegI / isI prakAra phalAntara se vyAvRtta hone ke kAraNa phala ko bhI 'aphala' mAnanA paDegA / ataeva pramANa aura phala meM bheda mAnanA caahie| 150-tathA, usI AtmA kA pramANa ke rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai aura usI AtmA kA phala ke rUpa meM pariNAma hotA hai / isa prakAra eka hI pramAtA kI apekSA se pramANa aura phala meM abheda bhI hai| (vaizeSikamata ke anusAra) pramANa aura phala kA sarvathA bheda mAnA jAya to jaise devadatta kI AtmA meM utpanna hone vAlA phala jinadatta kA nahIM kahalAtA. usI prakAra vaha devadatta kA bhI nahIM khlaaegaa| (kyoMki vaha jinadatta kI taraha devadatta se bhI bhinna hai / ) ataH pramANa-phala kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hogii| zaMkA-jisa AtmA meM pramANa samavAya saMbaMdha se rahatA hai, usI AtmA meM phala kA bhI samavAya hotA hai| ataeva samavAya sambandha se pramANa aura usake phala kI vyavasthA ho jAtI hai| vaha phala kisI dUsarI AtmA kA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki dUsarI AtmA meM vaha samavAya saMbaMdha se nahIM rahatA hai / samAdhAna-samavAya saMbaMdha se aisI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki samavAya ko Apane nitya aura sarvavyApI mAnA hai / vaha kisI bhI eka AtmA ke samAna sabhI AtmAoM meM samAna hai, ataeva koI phala amuka AtmA kA hI hai, yaha nimaya usase bana nahIM sktaa| ataeva yaha siddha huA ki pramANa kA phala pramANa se bhinna hai aura abhinna bhI hai // 41 // 151-pramAtA kA lakSaNa(sUtrArtha-sva aura para ko jAnane vAlA tathA pariNamanazIla AtmA pramAtA hai||42|| 152-jisakA svabhAva apane svarUpa ko tathA para-padArtha ko jAnanA hai,vaha svaparAvamAsI' kahalAtA hai / jJAna svonmukha-apanI ora jhukA huA aura arthonmukha pratIta hotA hai| maiM ghaTa ko jAnatA hU~' isa prakAra kI jo pratIti hotI hai, usameM karma (ghaTa) kartA (maiM-aham ) aura kriyA (jAnatA hU~), ina sabakA bodha hotA hai| inameM se kisI bhI eka ke bodha kA niSedha karane meM
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________________ pramANamImAMsA anyatarapratItyapalApe pramANAbhAvAt / na ca paraprakAzakatvena virodhaH pradIpavat / nahi pradIpaH svaprakAze prmpeksste| anenaikAntasvAbhAsiparAbhAsivAdimatanirAsaH / svaparAbhAsyeva 'AtmA prmaataa'| 153-tathA, pariNAma uktalakSaNaH sa vidyate yasya sa 'pariNAmI' / kUTasthanitye hyAtmani harSaviSAdasukhaduHkhabhogAdayo vivartAH pravRttinivRttidharmANo na varteran / ekAntanAzini ca kRtanAzAkRtAbhyAgamau syAtAm ,smRtipratyabhijJAnanihitapratyunmArgaNaprabhRtayazca pratiprANipratItA vyavahArA vizIran / pariNAmini tUtpA-: davyayadhrauvyardhAmaNyAtmani sarvamupapadyate / yadAhuH . "yathAheH kuNDalAvasthA vyapaiti tadanantaram / sambhavatyArjavAvasthA sarpatvaM tvanuvartate // tathaiva nityacaitanyasvarUpasyAtmano hi na / niHzeSarUpavigamaH sarvasyAnugamo'pi vA // koI pramANa-hetu nahIM hai / arthAt jJAna jaise ghaTa aura 'maiM' isa kartA ko jAnatA hai, usI prakAra 'jAnatA hU~' isa kriyA ko bhI jAnatA hai| yahA~ jAnane ko jAnanA hI svaprakAza yA svasaMvedana kahalAtA hai| svaprakAzatva ke sAtha paraprakAzakatva kA koI virodha nahIM hai / dIpaka svaprakAzaka hone ke sAtha paraprakAzaka bhI hai| use prakAzita karane ke lie dUsare dIpaka kI apekSA nahIM hotii| isa kathana se AtmA ekAntataH svAbhAsI ho hai athavA parAmAsI hI hai ina donoM matoM kA nirAsa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sva-parAvabhAsI AtmA pramAtA hai| 153- pariNAma kA lakSaNa pahale kahA jA cakA hai-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyamayatA; vaha jisameM pAyA jAya use pariNAmI kahate haiM / AtmA pariNAmI hai / yadi use kUTasthanitya mAnA jAya to usameM harSa vizada, sukha tathA duHkha kA bhoga Adi paryAya aura pravRtti-nivRtti Adi dharma ghaTita nahIM hote| isake viparIta yadi ekAnta kSaNavinazvara mAne to kiye hue karmoM ke phala kA bhoga nahIM karane kA aura akRta karmoM ke phalayoga kA prasaMga aaegaa| arthAt AtmA ko ekAnta nazvara mAneM to karma karate ho usakA vinAza ho jAegA aura aisI sthiti meM vaha usakA phala nahIM bhoga skegaa| tatpazcAt usa karma kA jo phala bhogegA, vaha koI dUsarA hI AtmA hogA: jisane vaha karma nahIM kiyA thaa| usake atirikta smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna kA tathA rakkhI huI vastu . ko bAda meM talAza karane Adi vyavahAroM kA bhI, jo pratyeka prANI ko pratIta ho rahe haiM, abhAva ho jAyegA / yadi AtmA ko pariNAmI arthAt utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpa (kathaMcit nityAnitya) mAna liyA jAya to ullikhita sabhI bAteM saMgata ho jAtI haiN| kahA bhI hai_ 'jaise sarpa kI kuMDalAvasthA miTatI hai, tadanantara saralatA ( sIdhApana ) avasthA utpanna hotI hai aura sarpatva donoM avasthAoM meM jyoM kA tyoM kAyama rahatA hai isI prakAra nitya caitanyaravarUpa AtmA ke sampUrNa rUpa kA na to vinAza hotA hai aura na vaha pUrA kA pUrA kAyama rahatA hai /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA kiM tvasya vinivartante sukhaduHkhAdilakSaNAH / avasthAstAzca jAyante caitanyaM tvanuvartate // syAtAmatyantanAze hi kRtnaashaakRtaagmau| sukhaduHkhAdibhogazca naiva syAdekarUpiNaH // na ca kartRtvabhovatRtve puMso'vasthAM smaashrite| tato'vasthAvatastattvAta kataivApnoti tatphalam // " [tattvasaM0kA0223-227] iti ananakAntaninyAnityavAdavyudAsaH / 'AtmA' ityanAtmavAdino vyudasyati / kAyapramANatA tvAtmanaH prakRtAnupayogAnnokteti susthitaM pramAtRlakSaNam // 42 // ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracitAyAH pramANamImAMsAyAstavRttezca prathamasyAdhyAyasya prathamamAhnikam kintu AtmA kI sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAe~ naSTa hotI rahatI haiM aura utpanna hotI rahatI haiM; magara caitanya jyoM kA tyoM sthira banA rahatA hai / AtmA.ko ekAnta vinAzazIla mAna liyA jAya to kRtakarmapraNAza (kiye karma kA phala na bhoganA) aura akRtakarmAgama (binA kiye karmoM kA phala bhoganA) doSoM kA prasaMga hotA hai| yadi AtmA ko ekAnta nitya mAnA jAya to sukha-duHkha Adi vividha prakAra ke paryAyoM kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai| kartRtva aura moktRtva AtmA meM nahIM hote, usakI avasthAoM meM hote haiM, yaha kalpanA saMgata nahIM kyoMki avasthAoM se avasthAvAn bhinna nahIM hai| donoM meM kathacit abheda hai| ataeva karma kA kartA hI usakA phala bhogatA hai|' isa kathana ke dvArA AtmA ke ekAnta nityatva aura ekAnta anityatva kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 'AtmA' zabda ke prayoga se anAtmavAda kA virodha kiyA kiyA hai / AtmA zarIraparimita hai, yaha bAta prakRta meM upayogI na hone se nahIM kahI gaI hai| yaha pramAtA kA lakSaNa siddha huA // 42 // isa prakAra AcArya zrI hemacadradvArA viracita pramANamImAMsA aura usakI vRttike : prathama adhyAya kA prathama Ahnika pUrNa havA /
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________________ // atha dvitIyamAdinakam // 1-ihoddiSTe pratyakSaparokSalakSaNe pramANadvaye lakSitaM pratyakSam / idAnIM parokSalakSaNamAha avizadaH parokSam // 1 // 2-sAmAnyalakSaNAnuvAdena vizeSalakSaNavidhAnAt 'samyagarthanirNayaH' ityanuvartate tenAvizadaH samyagarthanirNayaH parokSapramANamiti // 1 // 3-vibhAgamAha smRtipratyabhijJAnohAnumAnAgamAstavidhayaH // 2 // 4-'tad' iti parokSasya parAmarzastena parokSasyaite prakArA na tu svatantrANi pramANAntarANi prakrAntapramANasaGkhayAvighAtaprasaGgAt / parokSa pramANa 1-pratyakSa aura parokSa, ina do prapANoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA thA, unameM se pratyakSa kA lakSaNa batalAyA jA cukA hai / aba parokSa pramANa kA svarUpa kahate haiM parokSa kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha-avizada samyagarthanirNaya parokSa hai // 1 // 2-sAmAnya lakSaNa kI anuvRtti karake hI vizeSa lakSaNa kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, ataeva samyagarthanirNaya' isa pada kI yahA~ anuvRtti hai / isa kAraNa padArtha kA jo samyaka nirNaya avizada ho arthAta jisa jJAna meM 'idama'rUpa kA pratibhAsa na ho athavA jisakI utpatti meM dUsare pramANa kI apekSA ho vaha parokSa pramANa kahalAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyakSa kI taraha parokSa pramANa bhI samyak nirNayarUpa hotA hai, kintu pratyakSa pramANa vizada hotA hai jaba ki parokSa meM vizaktA nahIM hotI, yahI donoM ke svarUpa meM antara hai // 1 // 3-parokSa ke bheda-(sUtrArtha)-smRti, pratyabhijJAna, Uha, anumAna aura Agama, yaha parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bheda haiM // 2 // 4-sUtra meM gRhIta 'tat' zabda se 'parokSa' kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isase yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki smRti Adi parokSa ke hI prakAra haiM--svatantra pramANa nahIM haiN| inheM svataMtra pramANa mAna liyA jAya to pramANa ke do bheda kahe haiM, usameM bAdhA hogii||
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 5- nanu svatantrANyeva smRtyAdIni pramANAni kiM nocyante ?, kimanena draviDa. mnnddkbhkssnnnyaayen?| maivaM vocaH, parokSalakSaNasaGgRhItAni parokSapramANAnna vibhedavartIni; yathaiva hi pratyakSalakSaNasaGgRhItAnIndriyajJAna-mAnasa svasaMvedana- yogijJAnAni saugatAnAM na pratyakSAdatiricyante, tathaiva hi parokSalakSaNAkSiptAni smRtyAdIni na mUlapramANasaGkhyAparipanthInIti / smRtyAdInAM paJcAnAM dvandvaH // 5 // 6- tatra smRtiM lakSayati 76 vAsanodbodha hetukA tadityAkArA smRtiH ||3|| 7- 'vAsanA saMskArastasyAH 'udbodhaH' prabodhastaddhetukA tannibandhanA' "kAlamasaMkhaM saMkhaM ca dhAraNA hoi nAyavvA' [vizeSA0gA0 333 ] iti vacanAccirakAlasthAyinyapi vAsanAnudbuddhA na smRtihetuH, AvaraNakSayopazama-sadRzadarzanAdisAmagrI labdhaprabodhA tu smRtiM janayatIti 'vAsanodbodhahetukA' ityuktam / asyA ullekhamAha 'tadityAkArA' sAmAnyadevatau napuMsaka nirdezastena sa ghaTaH, sA paTI tat kuNDalamityullekhavatI matiH smRtiH / 5 - zaMkA-smRti Adi ko svataMtra hI pramANa kyoM nahIM kahate ? isa draviDamaNDakabhakSaNa nyAya ko caritArtha karane se kyA lAbha? arthAt sabako gaDDamagaDDu-selabhela kyoM karate haiM ? samAdhAna - aisA na kaho / jo pramANa parokSa ke lakSaNa meM antargata ho jAte haiM, ve parokSa se pRthak nahIM ho sakate / jaise bauddhamata ke anusAra indriyajJAna, mAnasajJAna, svasaMvedana aura yogijJAna, pratyakSa ke lakSaNa meM saMgRhIta hone se pratyakSa se bhinna nahIM haiM, isI prakAra smRti Adi parokSa ke lakSaNa meM antargata ho jAte haiM / ataeva pramANa ke mUla do bhedoM meM ye bAdhaka nahIM haiN| smRti Adi pA~coM padoM meM dvandva samAsa hai // 2 // 6-smRti kA svarUpa- (sUtrArtha ) - vAsanA kI jAgRti jisameM kAraNa ho aura 'vaha' aisA' jisakA AkAra ho, vaha jJAna smRti hai // 3 // 7- smRtijJAna vAsanA arthAt dhAraNAnAmaka saMskAra se utpanna hotA hai / vizeSAvazyaka - mAdhya meM kahA hai- 'dhAraNA asaMkhyAta yA saMkhyAta kAla taka rahatI hai' isa kathana ke anusAra, cirakAla taka sthAyI rahane vAlI vAsanA bhI yadi jAgRta na ho to usase smRti kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / AvaraNa ke kSayopazama tathA sadRza padArtha ke darzana Adi kAraNoM se jaba vAsanA udbuddha hotI hai, tabhI vaha smRti ko utpanna karatI hai| ataeva use vAsanA kI jAgRti se utpanna ' hone vAlI kahA hai / tat' arthAt 'vaha' aisA smRti jJAna kA AkAra hotA hai / sAmAnya kI vivakSA se 'tat' isa napuMsakaliMga kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai. usase 'vaha ghaTa' 'vaha paTI' aura 'vahaH kuNDala' isa prakAra kA ullekha karane vAlI saba buddhiyoM ko smRti samajhanA cAhie /
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________________ 77 pramANamImAMsA 8-sA ca pramANam avisaMvAditvAt svayaM nihitapratyunmArgaNAdivyavahArANAM darzanAt / nanvanubhUyamAnasya viSayasyAbhAvAnnirAlambanA smRtiH kathaM pramANam ? / naivam,anubhUtenAryena sAlambanatvopapatteH, anyathA pratyakSasyApyanubhUtArthaviSayatvAdaprAmANyaM prasajyeta / svaviSayAvabhAsanaM smaterapyaviziSTam / vinaSTo viSayaH kathaM smRterjanakaH?, tathAcArthAjanyatvAnna prAmApyamasyA iti cet tat kiM pramANAntare'pyarthajanyatvamavisaMvAdaheturiti viprlbdho'si?| maivaM muhaH, yathaiva hi pradIpaH svasAmagrIbalalabdhajanmA ghaTAdibhirajanito'pi tAn prakAzayati tathaivAvaraNakSayopazamasavyapekSendriyAnindriyabalabdhajanma saMvedanaM viSayamavabhAsayati / "nAnanukRtAnvayavyatirekaM kAraNam nAkAraNaM viSayaH" iti tu pralApamAtram, yogijJAnasyAtItAnAgatArthagocarasya tadajanyasyApi prAmANyaM prati vipratipatterabhAvAt / kiMca, smRteraprAmANye'numAnAya datto 8-smRti pramANa hai, kyoMki vaha avisaMvAdaka hai arthAt saphala kriyAjanaka hai| usake avisaMvAdaka hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki svayaM rakkhI huI vastu kI smRti ke AdhAra para talAza karane Adi vyavahAroM meM koI gar3abar3a nahIM hotii| zaMkA-smRti kA viSaya anubhUyamAna---vartamAna meM anubhava kiyA jAtA huA-nahIM hotA (pUrvAnubhUta padArtha ko hI smRti jAnatI hai jisakI koI sattA nahIM rahatI) ataeva vaha niviSaya hone ke kAraNa kaise pramANa ho sakatI hai ? samAdhAna--aisA na kahie / smRti kA viSaya anubhUta padArtha he tA hai, ataeva vaha niviSaya nahIM--saviSaya hI hai| anubhUta viSaya hone para bhI yadi smRti ko niviSaya kaha kara apramANa mAnate ho to pratyakSa bhI jaba anubhUta padArtha ko viSaya karatA hai taba apramANa ho jAnA cAhie / kadAcit kaho ki apane viSaya ko jAnane ke kAraNa pratyakSa to pramANa hI hai, to yahI bAta smRti ke viSaya meM bhI samajha lenI caahie| __ zaMkA-jo viSaya sarvathA naSTa ho cukA hai, vaha smRti kA janaka kaise ho sakatA hai ?ataeva arthajanya na hone ke kAraNa smRti pramANa nahIM hai / samAdhAna-kyA isa dhokhe meM ho ki padArtha se utpanna hone ke kAraNa jJAna avisaMvAdaka (aura pramANa) hotA hai ! Apako isa bhrama meM nahIM rahanA cAhie / dIpaka tela, battI Adi apane kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, ghaTa Adi se utpanna nahIM hotA, phira bhI ghaTa Adi ko prakAzita karatA hai| isI prakAra AvaraNakSayopazama-- sApekSa indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna honevAlA jJAna (arthajanita na hone para bhI) padArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai| ___'anvaya aura vyatireka ke vinA kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM hotA aura jo jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hotA vaha jJAna kA viSaya bhI nahIM hotA' bauddhoM kA yaha kathana pralApamAtra hai / yogiyoM kA jJAna bhatakAlIna (vinaSTa) aura bhaviSyatkAlIna (anutpanna) padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, yadyapi unase utpanna nahIM hotA; phira bhI usako pramANatA ke saMbaMdha meM koI vivAda nahIM hai / smRti ko yadi pramANa nahIM mAnA jAegA to anumAna ko pramANatA kA bhI parityAga karanA pddegaa| vyApti
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________________ - 78 pramANamImAMsA jalAJjaliH, tayA vyApteraviSayIkaraNe tadutthAnAyogAt; liGgagrahaNa-sambandhasmaraNapUrvakamanumAnamiti hi sarvavAdisiddham / tatazca smRtiH pramANam, anumAnaprAmANyAmyathAnupapatteriti siddham // 3 // 9-atha pratyabhijJAnaM lakSayatidarzanammaraNasambhavaM tadevedaM tatsadRzaM taddvalakSaNaM tatprati yogItyAdisaMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam // 4 // 10-'darzanam' pratyakSam, 'smaraNam' smRtistAmyAM sambhavo yasya tattathA darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saGkalanAjJAnaM 'pratyabhijJAnam' / tasyollekhamAha-'tadevedam, sAmAnyanidezena napuMsakatvam, sa evAyaM ghaTaH, saiveyaM paTI, tadevedaM kuNDamiti / 'tatsadRzaH' gosa. dRzo gavayaH, 'tadvilakSaNaH' govilakSaNo mahiSaH, 'tatpratiyogi' idamasmAdalpaM mahat dUramAsannaM vetyAdi / 'Adi' grahaNAt "romazo danturaH zyAmo vAmanaH pRthulocanaH / yastatra cipiTaghrANastaM caitramavadhArayaH ||"nyaaym* pR0143] kA smaraNa hone para hI anumAna utpanna hotA hai, yadi vyApti kA smaraNa pramANa nahIM hai to usake AdhAra para utpanna hone vAlA anumAna bhI kaise pramANa ho sakegA? yaha siddhAnta sarva vAdiyoM ko mAnya hai ki sAdhana ke grahaNa se aura avinAbhAva (vyApti) ke smaraNa se hI anumAna kI utpatti hotI hai / isase siddha haiM ki smRti pramANa hai,anyathA anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sktaa||3| 9- prAbhajJAna kA lakSaNa - (sUtrArtha)- pratyakSa aura smaraNa se utpanna hone vAlA, 'yaha vahI hai, yaha usake sadRza hai, yaha usase vilakSaNa hai yaha usase thoDA, bahata, nikaTa yA dUra hai' ityAdi joDa rUpa jJAna pratyabhijJAna kahalAtA hai // 4 // 10-pratyakSa aura smaraNa se utpanna hone vAlA saMkalanAvAna (joDarUpa jJAna pratyabhijJAna hai / * isakA AkAra yoM hotA hai-yaha vahI hai, jaise yaha vahI ghaTa hai, yaha vahI paTI hai, yaha vahI kuNDala hai, gau ke sadRza gavaI (aipha-nI gAya) hotA hai / gau se vilakSaNa mahiSa hotA hai, yaha isase alpa hai, yaha isase mahAn hai,, yaha isase dUra yA samIpa hai, ityAdi / sUtra meM prahaNa kiye hue 'ityAdI' zabda se anya aneka prakAra ke saMkalajJAnoM ko bhI pratyabhijJAna prakaTa kiyA gayA hai jaise (ka) jisake zarIra meM bahuta roma hoM, lambe dAMta hoM, jo zyAmavarNa ho, baunA ho, baDIbaDI A~khoM vAlA capaTI nAka vAlA ho, use 'caitra' samajhanA / *1-kabhI kabhI akele darzana se aura akele smaraNa se bhI saMkalanajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai, jaise,-'yaha isase bhinna hai yA vaha usase bhinna hai| yahA~ pahalA akele pratyakSa se aura dUsarA akele smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA payombabhedI haMsaH syAtSaTpAdabhramaraH smRtaH / saptaparNastu vidvadbhivijJeyo viSamacchadaH // paJcavarNaM bhavedratnaM mecakAkhyaM pRthustanI / yuvatizcaikazrRGgo'pi gaNDakaH parikIrtitaH // " ityevamAdizabdazravaNAttathAvidhAneva caitrahaMsAdInavalokya tathA satyApayati yadA, tadA tadapi saMkalanAjJAnamuktam, darzanasmaraNasambhavatvAvizeSAt / yathA vA audIcyena kramelakaM nindatoktam 'dhikkarabhamatidIrghavakragrIvaM pralamboSThaM kaThoratIkSNakaNTakAzinaM kutsitAvayavasannivezamapazadaM pazUnAm'iti / tadupazrutya dAkSiNAtya uttarApathaM gatastAdRzaM vastUpalabhya 'nUnamayamartho'sya karabhazabdasya' iti (yadavaiti) tadapi darzanasmaraNakA raNakatvAt saGkalanAjJAnaM pratyabhijJAnam / 11-yeSAM tu sAdRzyaviSayamupamAnAkhyaM pramANAntaraM teSAM vailakSaNyAdiviSayaM pramANAntaramanuSajyeta / yadAhuH (kha) haMsa dUdha-pAnI ko alaga kara detA hai| (ga) bhramara chaha pairoM vAlA hotA hai| (gha) viSamaccheda saptaparNa (sAta pattoM vAlA) kahalAtA hai / (Ga)pA~ca varNoM vAlA ratna mecaka kahalAtA hai / (ja) yuvati pRthustanI hotI hai| (cha) geMDA eka siMga vAlA hotA hai / isa prakAra ke vAkyoM ko sunane ke anantara koI manuSya vaise hI caitra yA haMsa Adi ko dekha kara jaba una vAkyoM kI sacAI kA anubhava karatA hai, arthAt aisA jAnatA hai ki yahI vaha caitra,haMsa,bhramara Adi haiM, to yaha bhI saMkalana jJAna hai, kyoMki isa prakAra ke jJAna darzana aura smaraNa se utpanna hote haiM / ina jJAnoM meM pUrvazruta vAkya kA smaraNa tathA usa vastu kA pratyakSa varzana nimitta hotA hai| kisI uttara pradezIya vyakti ne U~Ta kI nindA karate hue kahA-'dhikkAra hai aise UMTa ko jisakI gardana khUba lambI aura TeDhI meDhI hotI hai, oTha lambe hote haiM, jo kaThora evaM tIkhe kAMToM kA bhakSaNa karatA hai, behU de avayavoM vAlA aura pazuoM meM nikRSTa hotA hai|' yaha suna kara koI dAkSiNAtya uttarapradeza meM gyaa| vahA~ isa prakAra ke paza ko dekha kara usane nAnA -U~Ta zabda kA vAcya-artha yaha hai |'yh jJAna bhI darzana aura smaraNahetuka hone se saMkalanajJAna-pratyabhijJAna hai / 11-jina naiyAyikoM ke mata meM sadRzatA ko jAnane vAlA upamAnanAmaka pRthak pramANa mAnA gayA hai, unheM vilakSaNatA Adi ko jAnane vAlA dUsarA koI pramANa mAnanA paDegA / kahA bhI hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "upamAnaM prasiddhArthasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanam / tadvaidhAt pramANaM kiM syAt saMjJipratipAdanam ||"[lghiiy 03. 10] "idamalpaM mahad dUramAsannaM prAzu neti vaa| vyapekSAtaH samakSe'rthe vikalpaH sAdhanAntaram ||"[lghiiy03. 12] iti / 12-atha sAdharmyamupalakSaNaM yogavibhAgo vA kariSyata iti cet; tahakuzalaH sUtrakAraH syAt, sUtrasya lakSaNarahitatvAt / yadAhuH "alpAkSaramasandigdhaM sAravadvizvatomukham / astobhamanavadyaM ca sUtraM sUtravido viduH // " astobhamanadhikam / 13-nanu 'tat' iti smaraNam 'idam' iti pratyakSa miti jJAnadvayameva, na tAbhyAmanyat pratyabhijJAnAkhyaM pramANamutpazyAmaH / naitadyuktam, smaraNapratyakSAbhyAM pratyabhijJAviSayasyArthasya grahItumazakyatvAt / pUrvAparAkAraikadhurINaM hi dravyaM pratyabhijJAnasya viSayaH / na ca tat smaraNasya gocarastasyAnubhUtaviSayatvAt / yadAhuH pUrvapramitamAtre hi jAyate sa iti smRtiH| sa evAyamitIyaM tu pratyabhijJA'tirekiNI ||"[tttvsN0kaa0 453] 'prasiddha padArthako sadRzatA se kisI aprasiddha padArthako jAnanA yadi upamAnapramANa hai to prasiddha padArtha ke vaidharmya (vilakSaNatA) se aprasiddha padArtha ko jAnane vAlA kauna-sA pramANa kahalAegA? 'isake atirikta 'yaha isase alpa hai, yaha isase mahat hai. yaha isa se dUra hai, yaha isase lambA hai, yaha isase lambA nahIM hai, isa prakAra ke jo sApekSa jJAna hote haiM, inheM bhI pRthak pramANa mAnanA 12-zaMkA-sAdharmya to nAmamAtra hai, usase vaidharmya kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai / athavA upamAnake do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM-sAdharmya-upamAna aura vaidharmya-upamAna / aisA karane se pUrvokta doSa nahIM rhegaa| samAdhAna-aisA karane se Apake sUtrakAra akuzala kahalAeMge, kyoMki unakA sUtra, sUtra ke lakSaNa se rahita hogaa| kahA bhI hai'jo alpa akSara vAlA ho, asaMdigdha ho, sArayukta ho, sarvatomukhI ho tathA adhika akSaroM se rahita ho, usI ko sUtravettA nirdoSa sUtra kahate haiN|' 13-zaMkA-'tat' (vaha) yaha smaraNa hai aura 'idam' (yaha) pratyakSa hai / ye do jJAna haiN| inase atirikta pratyabhijJAnanAmaka koI pramANa mAlUma nahIM detaa| samAdhAna-yaha kathana yuktiyukta nahIM hai / pratyabhijJAna kA jo viSaya hai, use smagNa aura pratyakSa nahIM jAna sakate / pUrva aura uttarakAlona paryAyoM meM avasthita rahanevAlA dravya ekatva--pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya hai / isa dravya ko smaraNa to jAna nahIM sakatA, kyoMki vaha pUrvAnubhUta vastu ko ho viSaya kara sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai-'smRti pUrva jJAna vastu meM vaha'isa rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai| pratyabhijJAna usase bhinna hai, kyoMki vaha 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakAra (donoM avasthAoM meM rahe ekatva ko) jAnatA hai|' hogaa|'
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________________ pramANamImAMsA nApi pratyakSasya gocaraH, tasya vartamAnavivarttamAtravRttitvAt / na ca darzanasmaraNAbhyAmanyad jJAnaM nAsti, darzanasmaraNottarakAlabhAvino jJAnAntarasyAnubhUteH / na cAnubhUyamAnasyApalApo yuktaH atiprasaGgAt / 14-nanu pratyakSamevedaM pratyabhijJAnam ityeke / naivam,tasya sannihitavArtamAnikA. rthaviSayatvAt / "sambaddhaM vartamAnaM ca gahyate cakSarAdinA" (zlokavA0 sUtra4zlo084) iti mA sma vismaraH / tato naatiitvrtmaanyorektvmdhykssjnyaangocrH| atha smaraNasahakRtamindriyaM tadekatvaviSayaM pratyakSamupajanayatIti pratyakSarUpatAsya gIyata iti cet, na, svaviSayaviniyamitamUrterindriyasya viSayAntare sahakArizatasamavadhAne'pyapravRtteH / nahi parimalasmaraNasahAyamapi cakSurindriyamaviSaye gandhAdau pravartate / aviSayazcAtItavartamAnAvasthAvyApyekaM dravyamindriyANAm / nApyadRSTasahakArisahitamindriyamekatvaviSayamiti vaktuM yuktam / upatAdeva hetoH| kiMca, adRSTasavyapekSAdevAtmanastadvijJAnaM bhavatIti varaM vaktuM yuktam / dRzyate hi svapnavidyAdisaMskRtAdAtmano viSayAntare'pi viziSTajJAnotpattiH / nanu yathAJjanAdisaMskRtaM cakSuH sAtizayaM bhavati tathA smaraNasaha pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya pratyakSa ke dvArA bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa sirpha vartamAna paryAya meM hI vyApAra karatA hai / darzana aura smaraNa se bhinna koI tIsarA jJAna nahIM hotA' yaha to kahA nahIM jA sakatA,kyoMki smaraNa ke pazcAt hone vAlA jJAnAntara anubhavasiddha hai / jo anubhavasiddha hai usakA apalApa karanA ucita nhiiN| aisA karane se saba gar3abar3a ho jaaegaa| 14-vaizeSika Adi kA kahanA hai ki pratyabhijJAna to pratyakSa hI hai, kintu yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai / pratyakSa indriya-sambaddha aura vartamAnakAlIna padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai / 'cakSu Adi 'indriyA~ sambaddha aura vartamAna ko hI prahaNa karatI haiM' isa vidhAna ko vismaraNa mata kro| ataeva atIta aura vartamAna meM rahA huA-ekatva pratyakSa kA gocara nahIM ho sktaa| zaMkA-smaraNa kI sahAyatA pAkara indriya ekatA ko viSaya karane vAle pratyakSa ko utpanna kara detI hai, isa kAraNa hama pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa kahate haiN| samAdhAna--indriya kA svarUpa apane viSayako jAnane taka hI sImita hai / saikaDoM sahAyaka mila jAne para bhI usakI viSayAntara meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI sugaMdha ke smaraNa kI sahAyatA pAkara cakSu indriya gaMdha Adi ko nahIM jAna sakatI, atIta aura vartamAna avasthAoM meM rahA huA eka dravya indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hai, ataeva ve use kaise jAna sakatI haiM ? yaha kahanA ThIka hai ki adRzya kI sahAyatA se AtmA ko hI ekatvaviSayaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai / svapna tathA vidyA rUpa saMskAra vAle AtmA ko viSayAntara kA bhI viziSTa jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai, yaha bAta dekhI jAtI hai| zaMkA-jaise aMjana Adi ke saMyoga se cakSu sAtizaya (viziSTa) bana jAtI hai, usI prakAra
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________________ 82 pramANamImAMsA kRtamekatvaviSayaM bhaviSyati / naivam,indriyasya svaviSayAnatilaGghanenaivAtizayopalabdheH, na viSayAntaragrahaNarUpeNa |yadAha bhaTTaH yazcApyatizayo dRSTaH sa svArthAnatilaGghanAt / dUrasUkSmAdidRSTau syAt na rUpe zrotravRttitaH ||"(shlokvaa0 sUtra 2 zlo0114] iti / tat sthitametat viSayabhedAtpratyakSAdanyatparokSAntargataM pratyabhijJAnamiti / 15-na caitadapramANam visaMvAdAbhAvAt / kvacidvisaMvAdAdaprAmANye pratyakSasyApi tathA prasaGgo dunivAraH / pratyabhijJAnaparicchinnasya cAtmAdInAmekatvasyAbhAve bandhamokSavyavasthA nopapadyate / ekasyaiva hi baddhatve muktatve ca baddho duHkhimAtmAnaM jAnan muktisukhArthI prayateta / bhede tvanya eva duHkhyanya eva sukhIti kaH kimarthaM vA prytet?| tasmAtsakalasya dRSTAdRSTavyavahArasyaikatvamUlatvAdekatvasya ca pratyabhijJAyattajIvitatvA' dbhavati pratyabhijJA pramANamiti // 4 // 16-athohasya lakSaNamAha upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnam UhaH // 5 // smaraNa kI sahAyatA se ekatva ko jAnane lgegii| samAdhAna-nahIM / indriya meM jo atizaya zaSTaya) dekhA jAtA hai, vaha apane viSaya ko ullaMghana na karake dekhA jAtA hai / viSayAntara ko grahaNa karane ke rUpa meM koI atizaya nahIM ho sakatA / bhaTTa ne kahA hai 'indriya meM jahA~ kahIM bhI atizaya dekhA gayA hai, vaha apane viSaya kA atikramaNa na karake hI dekhA gayA hai / cakSu meM dUra taka yA sUkSma vastu ko dekhane kA atizaya ho sakatA hai, parantu rUpa meM zrotrendriya kA vyApAra to saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa|' 15-pratyabhijJAna apramANa ho, so bAta bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki usake viSaya meM visaMvAda nahIM hotaa| kisI taraha visaMvAda hone se use sarvatra apramANa mAnA jAya to pratyakSa bhI apramANa ho jAegA (kyoMki kahIM-kahIM pratyakSadRSTa padArtha meM bhI visaMvAda ho jAtA hai|) pratyabhijJAna dvArA pratIta hone vAlI AtmA Adi kI ekatA ko ho svIkAra na kiyA jAya to bandha aura mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| jo baddha hotA hai vahI mukta hotA hai, aisA mAnane para hI yaha saMgata ho sakatA hai ki baddha jIva apane Apako dukhI jAna kara, mukti-sukha kA abhilASI ho kara usake liye prayatna karatA hai yadi pUrvottara paryAya meM vyApta ekatva na mAnA jAya to yaha mAnanA hogA ki baddha koI anya hotA hai aura mukta koI anya hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM kauna kisake lie prayatna karegA samasta dRSTa vyavahAroM kA AdhAra dravyagata ekatva hai aura vaha ekatva pratyabhijJA ke adhIna hai / ataeva pratyabhijJA pramANa hai // 4 // 16-Uha kA lakSaNa sUtrArtha-upalambha aura anupalambha ke nimitta se hone vAlA vyAptijJAna Uha (tarka) kahalAtA hai // 5 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 17-.'upalambhaH' pramANamAtramatra gRhyate na pratyakSameva anumeyasyApi sAdhanasya sambhavAt' pratyakSavadanumeyeSvapi vyApteravirodhAt / 'vyAptiH' vakSyamANA tasyA 'jJAnam' tadgrAhI nirNayavizeSa 'UhaH' / 18-na cAyaM vyAptigrahaH pratyakSAdeveti vaktavyam / nahi pratyakSaM yAvAn kazcid dhUmaH sa dezAntare kAlAntare vA pAvakasyaiva kAryaM nArthAntarasyetIyato vyApArAn kartuM samarthaH sannihitaviSayabalotpatteravicArakatvAcca / 19-nApyanumAnAt, tasyApi vyAptigrahaNakAle yogIva pramAtAM sampadyata ityevaMbhUtabhArAsamarthatvAt / sAmarthya'pi prakRtamevAnumAnaM vyAptigrAhakam anumAnAntaraM vaa?| tatra prakRtAnumAnAt vyAptipratipattAvitaretarAzrayaH / vyAptau hi pratipannAyAmanumAnamAtmAnamAsAdayati, tadAtmalAbhe ca vyAptipratipattiriti / anumAnAntarAttu vyAptipratipattAvanavasthA tasyApi gRhItavyAptikasyaiva prakRtAnumAnavyAptigrAhakatvAt / 17-yahA~ upalabdha zabda se pramANamAtra kA grahaNa karanA cAhie, akele pratyakSa kA nhiiN| sAdhana pratyakSagamya ho nahIM hotA, anumAnagamya bhI ho sakatA hai| pratyakSa kI taraha anumeya padArthoM meM bhI vyApti kA virodha nahIM hai / vyApti kA lakSaNa Age kahA jAegA,usakA nizcayAtmaka jJAna Uha yA tarka pramANa kahalAtA hai| 18-vyApti kA jJAna pratyakSa se hI ho jAtA hai / aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, dezAntara aura kAlAntara meM arthAt tInoM lokoM aura tInoM kAlo meM jo koI bhI dhUma hai vaha saba agni kA hI kArya hai| kisI anya kA nahIM; itanA vyApAra pratyakSa nahIM kara sakatA / vaha to indriyasambaddha viSaya se hI utpanna hotA hai aura Age-pIche kA vicAra karanA usakA kAma nahIM hai| 19-anumAna se bhI vyApti kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| vyApti ko grahaNa karate samaya pramAtA yogI ke samAna ho jAtA hai arthAt triloka aura trikAla saMbaMdhI avinAmAva ko jAnatA hai| parantu anumAna meM isa prakAra kA sAmarthya nahIM hai / kadAcit itanA bar3A sAmarthya anumAna meM mAna liyA jAya to prazna upasthita hotA hai ki prakRta anumAna hI vyApti kA grAhaka hogA yA dUsarA koI anumAna? prakRta anumAnase vyApti kA grahaNa mAnA jAya to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai vyApti kA grahaNa ho jAne para anumAna utpanna ho sakatA hai aura anumAna ke utpanna hone para usase vyApti kA grahaNa ho sakatA hai| (vyApti grahaNa ke vinA anumAna saMbhava nahIM hai aura kyoMki anumAna se hI vyApti grahaNa hotA hai, ataeva anumAna ke binA vyAptigrahaNa honA saMbhava nahIM hai / ) agara dUsare anumAna se vyAptigrahaNa svIkAra kiyA jAya to anavasthA doSa hotA hai| kyoki dUsarA anumAna bhI vyAptigrahaNa hone para hI ho sakegA aura vahA~ vyApti grahaNa karane ke liye phira tIsare anumAna kI AvazyakatA hogii| (tIsarA anumAna bhI vyAptinahaNapUrvaka hI hogA aura vahA~ usake grahaNa ke lie cauthe anumAna kI AvazyakatA pddegii| isa prakAra kI kalpanA kA kahIM anta nahIM aaegaa|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA tadvyAptigrahazca yadi svata eva, tadA pUrveNa kimaparAddhaM yenAnumAnAntaraM mRgyate / anumAnAntareNa cet ; tahi yugasahastreSvapi vyAptigrahaNAsambhavaH / ___20-nanu yadi nirvikalpakaM pratyakSamavicArakam tahi tatpRSThabhAvI vikalpo vyApti grahISyatIti cet, naitat,nirvikalpakena vyApteragrahaNe vikalpena grahItumazakyatvAt nirvikalpakagRhItArthaviSayatvAdvikalpasya / atha nirvikalpakaviSayanirapekSo'rthAntaragocaro vikalpaH; sa tahi pramANamapramANaM vaa?| pramANatve pratyakSAnumAnAtiriktaM pramANAntaraM titikSitavyam / aprAmANye tu tato vyAptigrahaNazraddhA SaNDAttanayadohadaH / etena--'anupalambhAt kAraNavyApakAnupalambhAcca kAryakAraNavyApyavyApakabhAvAvagamaH' iti pratyuktam, anupalambhasya pratyakSavizeSatvena kAraNavyApakAnupalambhayozca liGgatvena tajjanitasya tasyAnumAnatvAt, pratyakSAnumAnAmbhAM ca vyAptigrahaNe doSasyAbhihitatvAt / 21-vaizeSikAstu pratyakSaphalenohApohavikalpajJAnena vyaaptiprtipttirityaahuH| agara dUsare anumAna se vyApti kA grahaNa svataH svIkAra karo to pahale anumAna ne kyA aparAdha kiyA hai ki vahA~ bhI svataH vyAptigrahaNa na svIkAra kiyA jAya ? anumAnAntaroM kI kalpanA karane para hajAroM yuga bIta jAne para bhI kabhI vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM ho skegaa| 20-zaMkA-yadi nirvikalpaka pratyakSa avicAraka hai (isa kAraNa vyApti ko nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA to na sahI ), pratyakSa ke pazcAt hone vAlA vikalpajJAna vyApti ko grahaNa kara legaa| samAdhAna-jaba nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vyapti ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA to vikalpa bhI nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki nirvikalpaka ke dvArA gRhIta viSaya meM hI vikalpa kI pravRtti hotI hai| zaMkA-vikalpa nivikalpaka ke viSaya kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA aura usake dvArA na jAne hue artha ko bhI viSaya karatA hai / samAdhAna---to vaha vikalpa pramANa hai yA apramANa? yadi pramANa hai to use pratyakSa aura anumAna se alaga hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / (vahI alaga pramANa Uha kahalAtA hai) / yadi vikalpa apramANa hai to usase vyAptigrahaNa ko zraddhA karanA hijaDe se santAnotpatti kI icchA karane ke samAna hai| pUrvokta viSayavivecana se isa abhimata kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki---'anupalambha se kAraNAnupalambha se tathA vyApakAnupalambha se kAryakAraNabhAva aura vyApyavyApakabhAva kA jJAna ho jAtA hai|' kyoMki anupalaMbha eka prakAra kA pratyakSa hai tathA kAraNAnupalaMma aura vyApakAnupalaMbha liMga-sAdhanarUpa haiN| unase jo jJAna utpanna hogA vaha anumAna hI khlaaegaa| aura pratyakSa tathA anumAna se vyApti grahaNa mAnane meM jo doSa Ate haiM, ve pahale hI kahe jA cuke haiN| 21-vaizeSikoM ne pratyakSa ke phala UhApoharUpa vikalpa jJAna se vyApti kI siddhi batAI hai,
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________________ pramANamImAMsA teSAmapyadhyakSaphalasya pratyakSAnumAnayoranyataratve vyAptaraviSayIkaraNam, tadanyatve ca prmaannaantrtvprsktiH| atha vyAptivikalpasya phalatvAnna pramANatvamanuyoktuM yuktam; na, etatphalasyAnumAnalakSaNaphalahetutayA pramANatvAvirodhAt sannikarSaphalasya vizeSaNajJAnasyeva vizeSyajJAnApekSayeti / 22-yaugAstu tarkasahitAt pratyakSAdeva vyAptigraha ityAhuH / teSAmapi yadi na kevalAt pratyakSAd vyAptigrahaH kintu tarkasahakRtAt tahi tarkAdeva vyAptigraho'stu / kimasya tapasvino yazomArjanena, pratyakSasya vA trkprsaadlbdhvyaaptigrhaaplaapkRtghntvaaropennetiH| atha tarkaH pramANaM na bhavatIti na tato vyAptigrahaNamiSyate / kutaH punarasya na pramANatvam, avyabhicArastAvadihApi pramANAntarasAdhAraNo'styeva? / vyAptilakSaNena viSayeNa viSayasattvamapi na nAsti / tasmAt pramANAntarAgRhItavyAptigrahaNapravaNaH pramANAntaramUhaH // 5 // 23-vyApti lakSayati--- parantu pratyakSa kA phala pratyakSa (yaha ghaTa hai, ityAdi) yA anumAna (yahA~ agni honA cAhie kyoMki dhUma hai, ityAdi) ina donoM meM se koI bhI eka mAnane para sArvatrika-traikAlika vyApti bana hI nahIM sakatI, kAraNa pratyakSa kA viSaya itanA vyApaka nahIM hotA / aura pratyakSa tathA anumAna se bhinna phala mAnane para anya pramANa mAnane kA prasaMga aayegaa| yadi 'vyAptivikalpa ko phala hone ke kAraNa pramANa kahanA yakta nahIM hogA' aisA kahA jAya to vaha ayukta hogA, kyoMki anumAnarUpa phala kA kAraNa hone se pratyakSa ke phala ko pramANa mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM aataa| jaise vizeSya jJAna kI apekSA se sannikarSa ke vizeSaNa jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| 22-yoga tarkasahita pratyakSa se hI vyApti kA grahaNa mAnate haiM / unake matAnusAra yadi akele pratyakSa se vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM hotA kintu tarkasahita se hI hotA hai to unheM tarka se hI vyApti kA grahaNa mAnanA cAhie / becAre tarka ke yaza ko naSTa karane se kyA lAbha ? tarka ke prasAda se vyApti kA grahaNa karanekA apalApa karane kI kRtaghnatA pratyakSa meM Aropita karane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? zaMkA-tarka pramANa nahIM hai, isa kAraNa usase vyApti grahaNa honA na kaha kara pratyakSa se vyAptigrahaNa honA kahate haiM / samAdhAna-tarka pramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? jaise anya pramANoM meM vyabhicAra kA abhAva hotA hai, vaisA isameM bhI hai / vyApti usakA viSaya hai, ataeva vaha niviSaya bhI nahIM hai| isaprakAra kisI bhI pramANAntara se na grahaNa kI jAne vAlI vyApti ko grahaNa karane vAlA Uha pramANa hI hai // 5 // 23-vyApti kA lakSaNa
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 1. vyAptiApakasya vyApye sati bhAva eva vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhAvaH // 6 // - 24-'vyAptiH' iti yo vyApnoti yazca vyApyate tayorubhayordharmaH / tatra yadA vyApakadharmatayA vivakSyate tadA vyApakasya gamyasya 'vyApye' dharme 'sati' yatra dharmiNi vyApyamasti tatra sarvatra 'bhAva' eva' vyApakasya svagato dharmo vyAptiH : tatazca vyApyabhAvApekSayA vyApyasyaiva vyAptatApratItiH / natvevamavadhAryate-vyApakasyaiva vyApye sati bhAva iti, hetvabhAvaprasaGgAt avyApakasyApi mUrtatvAdestatra bhAvAt / nApi vyApye satyevetyavadhAryate,prayatnAnantarIyakatvAderahetutvApatteH,sAdhAraNazca hetuH syAnityatvasya prameyeSveva bhaavaat| sUtrArtha-vyApaka kA vyApya ke hone para honA ho, athavA vyApya kA vyApaka ke hone para ho honA vyApti hai // 6 // 24-jo vyApta karatA hai (jaise agni Adi) aura jo vyApta hotA hai (jaise dhUma Adi) dhyApti una donoM kA dharma hai| jaba vyApaka ke dharma ke rUpa meM vyApti kI vivakSA kI jAtI hai taba vyApti kA svarUpa hotA hai-vyApaka kA (agni Adi sAdhya kA) vyApya (dhUmAdi) ke hone para honA hI / arthAt vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA sadbhAva avazya honA vyApti hai, jaise dhUma ke hone para agni kA avazya honA / isase vyApyabhAva kI apekSA se vyApya kI hI vyAptatA kI pratIti hotI hai| . vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA honA ho, aisA avadhAraNa kiyA gayA hai, isake badale 'vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA hI honA' aisA avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadi aisA avadhAraNa kiyA hotA to hetu ke abhAva kA prasaMga ho jaataa| isake atirikta vyApaka kA hI honA' . aisA avadhAraNa karane se jo vyApaka nahIM una saba kA abhAva ho jAtA, jaba ki 'mUrtatva Adi adhyApaka bhI vahA~ hote haiN| - vyApya' ke hone para hI vyApakakA honA' aisA avadhAraNa bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai / aisA karate to 'prayatnAnantarIyakatva' Adi ahetu ho jAte aura jo sAdhAraNa anekAntika hetvAbhAsa hai vaha bhI hetu ho jAtA, kyoMki nityatA prameya padArthoM meM hI hotI hai| tAtparya-yahA~ avadhAraNa ke tIna rUpa batalAe gae haiM, yathA..(1) vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA honA hii| (2) vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA hI honaa| -, (3) vyApya ke hone para hI vyApaka kA honA / ina tIna rUpoM meM se prathama rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, zeSa do rUpoM ko dUSita hone ke kAraNa asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 25-yadA tu vyApyadharmatayA vyAptivivakSyate tadA 'vyApyasya vA' gamakasya 'tatrava' vyApake gamye sati yatra dharmiNi vyApako'sti tatraiva 'bhAvaH' na tadabhAve'pi vyAptiriti / atrApi naivamavadhAryate-vyApyasyaiva tatra bhAva iti,hetvabhAvaprasaGgAdavyApyasyApi tatra bhAvAt / nApi-vyApyasya tatra bhAva eveti, sapakSakadezavRtterahetutvaprApteH sAdhAraNasya ca hetutvaM syAt, prameyatvasya nityeSvavazyaMbhAvAditi / - 26-vyApyavyApakadharmatAsaGkIrtanaM tu vyApterubhayatra tulyadharmatayakAkArA pratItirmA bhUditi pradarzanArtham / tathAhi-pUrvatrAyogavyavacchedenAvadhAraNam uttaratrAnyayogavyavacchedeneti kuta ubhayatraikAkAratA vyaapteH?| taduktam "liGge liGgI bhavatyeva liGginyevetarat punaH / niyamasya viparyAse'sambandho liGgaliGginoH // " iti // 6 // 27-atha kramaprAptamanumAnaM lakSayati sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnam anumAnam // 7 // .. 25-jaba vyApti kI vivakSA vyApya-dharma ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai taba usakA rUpa yoM hotA hai-'vyApya (gamaka-hetu)kA vyApaka ke hone para hI honA / ' arthAt jisa parvata Adi dharmoM meM vyApaka hai vahIM vyApya kA (dhUma kA) honA, vyApaka ke abhAva meM na honaa| yahA~ bhI vyApaka ke hone para vyApya kA hI honA aisA avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki aisA avadhAraNa karane se hetu ke abhAva kA prasaMga ho jAtA hai| parvatAdi meM avyApya (agni)kA bhI astitva hotA hai / 'jahA~ vyApaka hai vahA~ vyApya kA honA hI' isa prakAra kA avadhAraNa bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / aisA karane se jo hetu sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai vaha hetu nahIM kahalAegA aura sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa bhI hetu ho jAegA, kyoMki prameyatva nitya padArthoM meM hotA hI hai| 26-vyApti vyApya aura vyApaka donoM kA dharma hai, aisA kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha sAdhya aura sAdhana-donoM meM barAbara eka rUpa se pratIta na ho / vaha jaba vyApya ke dharma rUpa meM vivakSita hotI hai to ayogavyavaccheda rUpa meM avadhAraNa hotA hai, aura jaba vyApaka ke dharma ke rUpa meM vivakSita kI jAtI hai to 2anyayogavyavaccheda rUpa meM avadhAraNa hotA hai| ataeva donoM jagaha usakA AkAra-svarUpa-eka-sA nahIM ho sakatA hai| kahA bhI hai'sAdhana ke hone para sAdhya hotA hI hai, magara sAdhya ke hone para sAdhana hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotA hai / isa niyama kA viparyAsa hone para sAdhya-sAdhana kA sambandha nahIM bana sktaa||6|| 27-anumAna kA lakSaNa-(sUtrArtha)-sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA anumAna hai // 7 // 1'honA hI' yaha ayogavyavaccheda hai, kyoMki yahA~ abhAva kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 2vyApaka ke hone para hI honA, yahA~ vyApaka se anya-avyApaka ke hone para hone kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| -
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________________ 88 pramANamImAMsA - 28-sAdhanaM sAdhyaM ca vakSyamANalakSaNam / dRSTAdupadiSTAdvA 'sAdhanAt' yat 'sAdhyasya' vijJAnam' samyagarthanirNayAtmakaM tadanumIyate'neneti 'anumAnam' liGgagrahaNasambandhasmaraNayoH pazcAt paricchedanam // 7 // tat dvidhA svArthaM parArthaM ca // 8 // 29-'tat' anumAnaM dviprakAraM svArtha-parArthabhedAt / svavyAmohanivartanakSamam 'svArtham / paravyAmohanivartanakSamam 'parArtham // 8 // 30-tatra svArtha lakSayatisvArtha svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNAt sAdhanAt sAdhyajJAnam // 9 // 31-sAdhyaM vinA'bhavanaM sAdhyAvinAbhAvaH, svenAtmanA nizcitaH sAdhyAvinAbhAva evaikaM lakSaNaM yasya tat 'svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNam' tasmAttathAvidhAt 'sAdhanAt' liGgAt 'sAdhyasya' liGgino 'jJAnam' 'svArtham' anumAnam / iha ca na yogyatayA liGga parokSArthapratipatteraGgama, yathA bIjamaMkurasya, adRSTAda dhUmAdagne- . ___ 28-sAdhana aura sAdhya kA svarUpa Age kahA jaaegaa| svayaM dekhe hue yA dUsare ke kahe hue sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo samyagarthanirNAyaka jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai / jisase anumiti kI jAya vaha anumAna hai, arthAt sAdhana ke grahaNa aura avinAbhAva ke smaraNa ke pazcAt hone vAlA vijJAna // 7. / anumAna ke bheda-sUtrArtha-anumAna do prakAra kA hai-svArtha aura parArtha // 8 // 29-anumAna ke do bheda hai-svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / jo nija ke ajJAna kI nivRtti karane meM samartha ho vaha svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai aura jo parakIya ajJAna kA nivAraNa kare vaha parArthAnumAna / arthAt dhUma ko dekha kara svayaM agni ko jAna lenA svArthAnumAna aura dUsare ko agni kA jJAna karAne ke lie svArthAnumAna ko zabdoM dvArA prakaTa karanA parArthAnumAna hai||8|| 30-svArthAnumAna kA svarUpa-sUtrArtha- apane dvArA nizcita kiye hue avinAbhAva rUpa eka lakSaNavAle sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA svArthAnumAna hai // 9 // 31-sAdhya ke binA na honA 'sAdhyAvinAbhAva' kahalAtA hai / yaha sAdhyAvinAbhAva jaba svayaM ke dvArA nizcita kiyA gayA ho to svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAva hai / yahI sAdhana kA eka mAtra lakSaNa hai / aise sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai / jaise bIja apanI yogyatA ke kAraNa aMkura kA utpAdaka hotA hai (hama use dekheM yA na dekheM), isa prakAra sAdhana pogyatA mAtra se sAdhya kA anumApaka nahIM hotA, aisA hotA to adRSTa dhUma se bhI agni kA
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________________ pramANamImAMsA rapratipatteH; nApi svanizca (svaviSa) yajJAnApekSaM yathA pradIpo ghaTAdeH, dRSTAdapyanizcitAvinAbhAvAdapratipatteH / tasmAtparokSArthanAntarIyakatayA nizcayanameva liGgasya vyApAra iti 'nizcita' grahaNam / 32-nanu cAsiddhaviruddhAnakAntikahetvAbhAsanirAkaraNArtha hetoH pakSadharmatvam, sapakSe sattvam, vipakSAd vyAvRttiriti trailakSaNyamAcakSate bhikSavaH / tathAhi-anumaye dharmiNi liGgasya sattvameva nizcitamityekaM rUpam / atra sattvavacanenAsiddhaM cAkSuSasvAdi nirastam / eTa.kAreNa pakSakadezAsiddho nirasto yathA anityAni pRthivyAdIni bhUtAni gandhavattvAt / atra pakSIkRteSu pRthivyAdiSu catuSu bhUteSu pRthivyAmeva gandhadhattvam / sattvavacanasya pazcAtkRtenaivakAreNAsAdhAraNo dharmo nirastaH / yadi hanumeya eva sattvamityucyeta zrAvaNatvameva hetuH syAt / nizcitagrahaNena sandigdhAsiddhaH sarvo anumAna hone lgtaa| yaha bhI nahIM hai ki sAdhana ko jAna lene mAtra se hI vaha sAdhya kA jJAna karA de, jaise ki dIpaka ghaTa Adi kA jJApaka ho jAtA hai / kyoMki sAdhana ke dikhAI dene para bhI yadi avinAbhAva nizcita na ho to usase sAdhya kA jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataeva jahA~ sAdhana kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai, vahIM yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki parokSa padArtha (sAdhya) ke sAtha usakA avinAbhAva nizcita honA cAhie / yahI sUcita karane ke lie sUtra meM nizcita' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 32-zaMkA-asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie bauddhoM ne hetu ke tIna lakSaNa svIkAra kiye haiM-(1) pakSadharmatva (2) sapakSasattva aura (3) vipakSavyAvRtti / (1)pakSadharmasva-pakSa-anumeyadharmI (parvatAdi) meM hetu kA sattva hI nizcita honA'yaha pahalA lakSaNa hai / yahA~ 'sattva' zabda kA prayoga karake 1'cAkSuSatva' Adi asiddha hetuoM kI hetutA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sattva ho' yahA~ 'hI' (evakAra) kA prayoga karake pakSakadezAsiddha (jo pakSake eka deza meM rahe aura eka deza meM na rahe aise asiddha hetu) kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jaise-pRthvI Adi bhUta anitya haiM, kyoMki gandhavAn haiM / yahA~ pRthvI Adi cAroM bhUta pakSa haiM kintu gandhavattva hetu sirpha pRthvI meM pAyA jAtA hai / ataH yaha pakSakadezAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| aise hetuoM kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'pakSa meM sattva hI' honA cAhie / 'sattva' zabda ke pazcAt 'ho' kA prayoga karake yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki jo hetu asAdhAraNa hotA hai arthAt pakSa ke atirikta sapakSa meM nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha bhI hetu nahIM ho sktaa| yadi hI' kA prayoga sattva ke pUrva meM kiyA hotA arthAt 'pakSa meM hI sattva' aisA kahA hotA to 2zrAvaNahI hetu hotA / 'nazcita pada ke prayoga se samasta saMdigdhAddhi hetuoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 1-zabda nitya hai, kyoM ki vaha cAkSuSa hai; yahA~ cAkSuSatva hetu asiddha hai, kyoMki pakSa (zabda) meM usakI sattA nahIM hai / 2-zabda nitya hai, kyoMki vaha zrAvaNa hai,yahA~ 'zrAvaNatva hetu hai| ..
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________________ pramANamImAMsA nirastaH / sapakSe eva sattvaM nizcimiti dvitIyaM rUpam / ihApi sattvagrahaNena viruddho nirastaH / sa hi nAsti sapakSe / evakAreNa sAdhAraNAnakAntikaH, sa hi na sapakSe eva vartate kiM tu vipakSe'pi / sattvagrahaNAt pUrvamavadhAraNakaraNena sapakSAvyApino'pi prayatnAnantarIyakatvAderhetutvamuktam, pazcAdavadhAraNe hi ayamarthaH syAt-sapakSe sattvameva yasya sa heturiti prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM na hetuH syat / nizcitavacanena sandigdhAnvayo'naikAntiko nirastaH yathA sarvajJaH kazcidvaktRtvAt, vaktRtvaM hi sapakSe sarvajJe sandigdham / vipakSe tvasattvameva nizcitamiti tRtIyaM rUpam / tatrAsattvagrahaNena viruddhasya nirAsaH / viruddho hi vipakSe'sti / evakAreNa sAdhAraNasya vipakSakadezavRttenirAsaH, prayatnAnantarIyakatve hi sAdhye'nityatvaM vipakSakadeze vidyudAdAvasti, AkAzAdau nAsti / tato niyamenAsya nirAso'sattvazabdAt / pUrvasminnavadhAraNe hi ayamarthaH (2) sapakSasattva-'sapakSe eva sattvaM nizcitaM arthAt sapakSa meM hI sattva nizcita honA' yaha hetu kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai / yahA~ bhI 'sattva' ke grahaNa se viruddha hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai kyoMki viruddha hetu sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA / 'ho' (eva) kA prayoga karake sAdhAraNa anekAntika hetu kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha 'sapakSa meM ho' nahIM rahatA varan vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai| 'sattva' zabda se pUrva meM 'hI' kA prayoga karake yaha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki sapakSa meM vyApta hokara na rahane vAle arthAt sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAle hetu bhI samyak hetu hote haiM arthAt yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki hetu sapakSa meM pakSa kI taraha sarvatra vyApta hI honA caahie| yadi satva'ke pazcAt avadhAraNa karate to 'sapakSe sattvameva' arthAt sapakSa meM sattva hI honA hetu kA lakSaNa hai, aisA artha hotA / isa prakAra kahane se 'prayatnAnantarIyakatva' hetu na rahatA, kyoMki vaha sapakSa ke eka deza meM hI rahatA hai / 'nizcita' zabda ke prayoga se saMdigdhAnvaya anaikAntika hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jaise-koI puruSa sarvajJa hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai, yahA~ vaktRtva hetu sapakSa sarvajJa meM saMdigdha hai, nizcita nahIM hai| (3) vipakSAsattva-vipakSa meM asattva hI nizcita honA, yaha tIsarA lakSaNa hai| yahA~ 'asattva'zabda ke prayoga se viruddha hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai,kyoMki viruddha hetu kA vipakSa meM asattva nahIM hotA-sattva hotA hai / 'ho' (eva) ke prayoga se vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAle sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hetu kA vivaMdha kiyA gayA hai| 2prayatnAnantarIyakatva sAdhya meM prayukta anityatva hetu vipakSa ke eka deza vidyut Adi meM rahatA hai, AkAza Adi meM nahIM rhtaa| ataeva 'asattva hI honA' kahane se usakA niSedha ho jAtA hai| yadi asattva se pUrva avadhAraNa kiyA hotA to aisA artha nikalatAdi nitya hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai, yahA~ 'prameyatva' hetu pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa meM sarvatra rahatA hai,ataemAdhAraNa banekAntika hai| 2- zabda prayatnajanya hai, kyoMki anitya hai| yahA~ anityatva hetu hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA syAt-vipakSa eva yo nAsti sa hetuH, tathA ca prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM sapakSe'pi nAsti tato na hetuH syAttataH pUrvaM na kRtam / nizcitagrahaNena sandigdhavipakSavyAvRttiko'nakAntiko nirastaH / tadevaM trairUpyameva hetorasiddhAdidoSaparihArakSamamiti tadevAbhyupagantuM yuktamiti kimeklkssnnktveneti?|| 33-tadayuktam,avinAbhAvaniyamanizcayAdeva dosstryprihaaropptteH| avinAbhAvo hyanyathAnupapannatvam / taccAsiddhasya viruddhasya vyabhicAriNo vA na sambhavati / trarUpye tu satyapyavinAbhAvAbhAve hetoragamakatvadarzanAt,yathA sa zyAmo maitratanayatvAt itaramaitraputravadityatra / atha vipakSAniyamavatI vyAvRttistatra na dRzyate tato na gamakatvam ; tahi tasyA evAvinAbhAvarUpatvAditararUpasadbhAve'pi tadabhAve hetoH svasAdhyasiddhi prati gamakatvAniSTau saiva pradhAnaM lakSaNamastu / tatsadbhAve'pararUpadvayanirapekSatayA gamakatvopapattezca, yathA santyadvaitavAdino'pi pramANAni iSTAniSTasAdhanadUSaNAnyathAnupapapatteH / na cAtra pakSadharmatvaM sapakSe sattvaM cAsti, kevalamavinAbhAvamAtreNa 'vipakSa meM hI jo na ho vaha hetu hai / ' aisI sthiti meM prayatnAnantarIyakatva hetu sapakSa meM bhI nahIM rahatA hai, ataH vaha hetu na ho sakatA / magara vaha hetu hai, ataeva sattva se pUrva meM avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 'nizcita'zabda ke grahaNa se 1saMdigdhavipakSavyAvRttika anaikAntika hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 33-samAdhAna-bauddhoM kA yaha kahanA ayukta hai / avinAbhAva niyama ke nizcaya se hI asiddhatA, viruddhatA aura anaikAntikatA, ina tInoM doSoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / asiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika hetuoM meM anyathAnupapatti (avibhAva) nahIM ho sakatI / (asiddhatA Adi tIna doSoM ko haTAne ke lie tIna lakSaNoM kI kalpanA karanA vRthA hai,kyoMki avinAbhAva se hI ye doSa haTa jAte haiN| ) balki ukta trairUpya ke hone para bhI jahA~ avinAbhAva nahIM hotA, vahA~ hetu gamaka nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha-garbhastha maMtraputra zyAma hai, kyoMki vaha maMtraputra hai, anya maitraputroM ke samAna / yahA~ Apake mAne tInoM rUpa vidyamAna haiM, phira bhI yaha hetu gamaka nahIM hai| zaMkA-yahA~ niyamataH vipakSavyAvRtti na hone ke kAraNa yaha anumAna gamaka nahIM hai| samAdhAna-niyamataH vipakSavyAvRtti ho to avinAbhAva hai| zeSa do lakSaNoM (pakSadharmatva aura sapakSa. sattva) ke hone para bhI yadi vipakSavyAvRtti ke abhAva meM hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA to vipakSavyAvRtti ko hI hetu kA pradhAna lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie / jahA~ vipakSavyAvRtti hotI hai vahA~ zeSa do lakSaNa na hoM to bhI hetu gamaka ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha- advaitavAdI ke mata meM bhI pramANa haiM, kyoMki pramANoM ke abhAva meM vaha iSTa kA sAdhana aura aniSTa kA niSedha nahIM kara sktaa|' yahA~ na pakSadharmatA hai aura na sapakSasattA hai, phira bhI AvinAbhAva ke bala se hetu gamaka hotA hI hai| 2-yaha puruSa asarvajJa hai,kyoki 6vatA hai / yahA~ kakatAva hetu vipakSa- sarvajJa meM bhI raha sakatA hai|
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________________ 92 pramANamImAMsA - gamakatvopapattiH / nanu pakSadharmatA'bhAve zvetaH prAsAdaH kAkasya kArNyAdityAdayo'pi hetavaH prasajyeran; naivam, avinAbhAvabalenaivApakSadharmANAmapi gamakatvAbhyupagamAt / na ceha so'sti / tato'vinAbhAva eva hetoH pradhAnaM lakSaNamabhyupagantavyam, sati tasmi - satyapi lakSaNye hetorgamakatvadarzanAt / na tu trairUpyaM hetulakSaNam avyApakatvAt / tathA ca sarvaM kSaNikaM sattvAdityatra mUrddhAbhiSikte sAdhane saugataiH sapakSe'sato'pi hetoH sattvasya gamakatvamiSyata eva taduktam "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ? | nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ? // " iti / 34- etena paJcalakSaNakatvamapi naiyAyikoktaM pratyuktam, tasyApyavinAbhAvaprapaJcatvAt / tathAhi trairUpyaM pUrvoktam abAdhitaviSayatvam, asatpratipakSatvaM ceti paJcarUpANi / tatra pratyakSAgamabAdhita karma nirdezAnantaraprayuktatvaM bAdhitaviSayatvaM yathA'nuSNastejovayavI kRtakatvAt ghaTavat / brAhmaNena surA peyA (drava) dravyatvAt kSIravat iti / zaMkA-pakSadharmatA ke abhAva meM arthAt hetu ke pakSa meM na rahane para bhI yadi vaha gamaka ho jAya to - 'yaha prAsAda dhavala hai, kyoMki kA kAlA hai|' isa prakAra ke hetu bhI gamaka ho jAe~ge / ( yahA~ kA kA kAlApana hetu hai aura yaha hetu pakSa- prAsAda meM nahIM hai / ataH heta gamaka nahIM hotA / yadi pakSadharmatA ke abhAva meM bhI hetu ko gamaka mAnA jAegA to yaha hetu bhI gamaka ho jAegA / ) samAdhAna pakSadharmatA na hone para bhI avinAbhAva ke hone para hI hetu gamaka hotA hai| isa anumAna meM avinAbhAva nahIM hai, isa kAraNa yaha gamaka nahIM hai ataeva avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA pradhAna lakSaNa svIkAra karanA cAhie / agara avinAbhAva hogA to rUpya ke na hone para bhI hetu gamaka ho jaaegaa| isa ke atirikta hetu kA trairUpya lakSaNa avyApaka hone ke kAraNa saMgata nahIM ho sakatA / bauddhoM kA pradhAna anumAna hai- 'sarva padArtha kSaNika haiM, kyoMki sat arthAt arthakriyAkArI haiN| / 'isa anumAna meM sapakSasattva nahIM hai ( kyoMki sarva padArthoM ko pakSa banA liyA gayA hai) phira bhI ve hetu ko gamaka mAnate haiM / kahA bhI hai 'jahA~ anyathAnupapatti hai, vahA~ trirUpatA kA prayojana hI kyA hai ? ( vaha vyartha hai kyoMki anyathAnupapatti ke hI bala se hetu gamaka ho jAegA / aura jahA~ anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai, vahA~ bhI trirUpatA se kyA lAbha? (trirUpatA ke hone para bhI anyathAnupapatti ke abhAva meM hetu gamaka nahIM ho sakatA / ) 34- naiyAyika hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa mAnate haiM-pUrvokta tIna aura abAdhitaviSayatva tathA asapratipakSatva | yaha pA~ca lakSaNa haiM / bauddhamata ke nirAkaraNa se isakA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtAhai / pratyakSa yA Agama pramANa se bAdhita sAdhya ke anantara hetu kA prayoga karanA bAdhita viSayatva hai / jaise- avayavI rUpa agni uSNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, kRtaka uSNa nahIM hotA, jaise gh| (yahA~ agni kI anuSNatA sAdhya sparzanendriyapratyakSa se bAdhita hai| ataeva kRtakatva hetu pratyakSabAdhita viSaya kahalAyA / ) brAhmaNa ko surA peya hai| kyoMki vaha drava (tarala) hai, jaise kSIra /
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________________ 93 pramANamImAMsA taniSedhAdabAdhitaviSayatvam / pratipakSahetubAdhitatvaM satpratipakSatvaM yathA'nityaH zabdonityadharmAnupalabdhaH / atra pratipakSahetuH--nityaH zabdo'nityadharmAnupalabdheriti / tanniSedhAdasatpratipakSatvam / tatra bAdhitaviSayasya satpratipakSasya cAvinAbhAvAbhAvAdavinAbhAvenaiva rUpadvayamapi saGgrahItam / yadAha-"bAdhAvinAbhAvayovirodhAt"[hetu0pari0 4] iti / api ca, svalakSaNalakSitapakSaviSayatvAbhAvAt taddoSeNaiva doSadvayamidaM caritA. thaM kiM punrvcnen?| tat sthitametat sAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNAditi // 9 // 35-tatrAvinAbhAvaM lakSayati sahakramabhAvinoH sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH // 10 // 36-'sahabhAvinoH' ekasAmagyadhInayoH phalidigatayo rUparasayoH vyApyavyApakayozca zizapAtvavRkSatvayoH, 'kramabhAvinoH' kRttikodayazakaTodayayoH, kAryakAraNayoyahA~ sAdhya ( surA kA peyatva )Agama se bAdhita hai / ataeva dravatva hetu AgamabAdhita viSaya hai hai) jisa hetu meM yaha donoM na hoM vaha abAdhita viSaya kahalAtA hai| jo hetu apane virodhi dUsare hetu se bAdhita ho vaha satpratipakSa kahalAtA hai / yathA-'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki usameM nityatA kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|' isakA virodhI hetu yaha hai-'zabda nitya hai, kyoMki usameM anityatA kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI' isa hetu se prathama hetu bAdhita ho jAne ke kAraNa satpratipakSa kahalAtA hai / jisa hetu meM yaha doSa na ho vaha asatpratipakSa hai| kintu jo hetu bAdhitaviSaya yA satpratipakSa hotA hai. usameM AvinAbhAva ho hI nahIM sakatA / ataeva AvinAbhAva ko hetu kA lakSaNa svIkAra karane se hI ina donoM lakSaNoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| kahA bhI hai-'bAdhA aura avinAbhAva kA virodha hai|' arthAta jahA~ kisI prakAra kA heta doSa hai, vahA~ avinAbhAva nahIM ho sakatA aura jahA~ avinAmAva hai vahA~ koI mohanadoSa nahIM ho sktaa| isake atiriktahamane pakSa kA jo lakSaNa 1kahA hai vaha yahA~ ghaTita nahIM hotaa| ataeva pakSa ke doSoM meM hI yaha donoM doSa antargata ho jAte haiN| aisI sthiti meM inheM alaga kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhya kA pratyakSAdi se bAdhita honA pakSa kA doSa hai / pakSa ke doSa se anumAna dUSita ho jAtA hai / ataeva inheM alaga hetu doSa mAnanA punarukti mAtra hai| isa prakAra sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva honA hI hetu kA eka mAtra lakSaNa hai / aise hetu se sAdhya kA jJAna honA anumAna hai // 9 // 35-avinAbhAva kA lakSaNa sUtrArtha-sahabhAdiyoM kA sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAviyoM kA kramamAvaniyama avinAbhAva kahalAtA hai / / 10 // ____36- eka hI sAmagrI ke adhIna, phalAdi meM rahe hue rUpa aura rasa arthAt sahacara tayA vyApya aura vyApaka saMbaMdhavAle zizapAtva aura vRkSatva sahabhAvI haiN| kRttikaM daya aura zakaTodaya 1-dekhie isI Ahnika kA sUtra 13-14 vaaN|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA zca dhUmadhUmadhvajayoryathAsaGkhyaM yaH 'sahakramabhAvaniyamaH'-sahabhAvinoH sahabhAvaniyamaH kramabhAvinoH kramabhAvaniyamaH, sAdhyasAdhanayoriti prakaraNAllabhyate saH avinAbhAvaH // 10 // ___37-athaivaMvidho'vinAbhAvo nizcitaH sAdhyapratipattyaGgamityuktam / tanizca'yazca kutaH prmaannaat?| na tAvat pratyakSAt, tasyaindriyakasya sannihitaviSayaviniya' mitavyApAratvAt / manastu yadyapi sarvaviSayaM tathApIndriyagRhItArthagocaratvenaiva tasya pravRttiH / anythaandh-bdhiraadybhaavprsnggH| sarvaviSayatA tu sakalendriyagocarArthaviSayatvenaivocyate,na svAtantryeNa / yogipratyakSeNa tvavinAbhAvagrahaNe'numeyArthapratipattireva tato'stu, ki tpsvinaa'numaanen?| anumAnAttvavinAbhAvanizcaye'navasthetaretarAzrayadoSaprasaGga ukta eva / na ca pramANAntaramevaMvidhaviSayagrahaNapravaNamastItyAha UhAt tannizcayaH // 11 // 38-'UhAt tarkAduktalakSaNAttasyAvinAbhAvasya 'nizcayaH // 11 // jaise pUrvacara-uttaracara tathA dhUma aura agni jaise kArya-kAraNa kramabhAvI kahalAte haiN| inameM se sahabhAvI padArthoM kA sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvI padArthoM kA kramabhAvaniyama avinAbhAva kahalAtA hai / prakaraNa se sAdhya aura sAdhana kA saha-kramamAvaniyama samajhanA cAhie // 10 // 37-prazna isa prakAra kA avinAbhAva jaba nizcita ho to hI sAdhya ke jJAna kA kAraNa hotA hai , aisA kahA gayA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki avinA mAva kA nizcaya kisa pramANa se hotA hai? pratyakSa pramANa usakA nizcAyaka nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki indriyaja pratyakSa sannihita viSaya taka hI sImita hai / mana yadyapi sarva padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai tathApi indriyoM dvArA gRhIta padArthoM meM hI usakI pravRtti hotI hai| agara mana indriya-agRhIta padArthoM ko bhI jAnatA to koI andhA yA bahirA Adi na hotA-manase hI rUpa evaM zabda kA jJAna ho jaataa| phira bhI mana ko jo sarvaviSayaka kahA hai, usakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki vaha sabhI indriyoM ke viSaya ko jAna sakatA hai; yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki vaha svatantra-indriyanirapekSa rUpa se bhI jAnatA hai / agara yogipratyakSa se avinAbhAva kA grahaNa mAnA jAya to usase to anumeya padArtha hI sAkSAt jAnA jA sakatA hai| vahA~ becAre anumAna kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? ____ anumAna pramANa se avinAbhAva kA nizcaya honA mAnA jAya to anavasthA aura itaretarAzraya doSoM kA prasaMga hotA hai / yaha pahale hI (sUtra 5 meM) kahA jA cukA hai| pratyakSa aura anumAna ke atirikta anya koI pramANa nahIM hai jo isa prakAra ke viSaya ko grahaNa karane meM samartha ho sake / isa prazna kA uttara Age ke sUtra meM diyA gayA hai| sUtrArtha-Uha arthAt tarka nAmaka pramANa se avinAmAva kA nizcaya hotA hai||11|| 38-Uha pramANa kA lakSaNa pahale hI batalAyA jA cukA hai| usI se avinAbhAva-vyApti kA nizcaya hotA hai // 11 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 39- lakSitaM parIkSitaM ca sAdhanam / idAnIM tat vibhajati svabhAvaH kAraNaM kAryamekArthasamavAyi vizodha ceti paJcadhA sAdhanam // 12 // 95 40 - svabhAvAdIni catvAri vidheH sAdhanAni, virodhi ta niSedhasyeti paJcavitu dham sAdhanam / 'svabhAvaH' yathA zabdanityatve sAdhye kRtakatvaM zrAvaNatvaM vA / 41- nanu zrAvaNatvasyAsAdhAraNatvAt kathaM vyAptisiddhiH ? / viparyaye bAdhakapra. mANabalAt sattvasyeveti brUmaH / na caivaM sattvameva hetuH tadvizeSasyotpattimattva-kRta-katva-prayatnAnantarIyakatva-pratyaya bhedabheditvAderahetutvApatteH / kiMca, kimidamasAdhAraNatvaM 39- sAdhana kA lakSaNa aura parIkSaNa kiyA jA cukaa| aba usake bhedoM kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI - sUtrArtha-svabhAva, kAraNa, kArya ekArthasamavAyI aura virodhI, yaha pA~ca prakAra kA sAdhana hai // 12 // 40 - svabhAva Adi cAra sAdhana vidhi ke sAdhaka haiM aura virodhI sAdhana niSedha kA sAdhaka / isa prakAra sAdhana ke pA~ca prakAra haiM / ina ke svarUpa nimnalikhita haiM (1) svabhAva hetu -- zabda ko anityatA siddha karane meM 'kRtakatva' yA1 zrAvaNatva' hetu svabhAva-sAdhana hai / 41--zaMkA--'zrAvaNatva' hetu asAdhAraNa hai-pakSa ke atirikta anyatra ( sapakSa meM ) nahIM pAyA jAtA; ataeva usakI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti kaise siddha ho sakegI ? samAdhAna- anityatva se viparIta nityatva meM bAdhaka pramANa vidyamAna hai / usa bAdhaka pramANa ke bala se hI vyApti siddha ho jAtI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki- zabda uccAraNa se pahale zrAvya nahIM thA, uccAraNa karate hI zrAvya ho gayA / nitya meM isa prakAra avasthAntara saMbhava nahIM hai| isa bAdhaka pramANa ke bala se 'zrAvaNatva' hetu kI 'anityatva' sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti siddha hotI hai| svayaM bauddhoM kA mAnA huA 'sattva' hetu bhI sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA, phira bhI ve kSaNikatva ke sAtha usakI vyApti svIkAra karate haiN| kevala sattva' hI eka mAtra aisA hetu hai jo asAdhAraNa hokara bhI gamaka ho sakatA hai; aisI bAta nahIM hai / anyathA satva ke 3vizeSa jo utpattimattva, kRtakatva, prayatnAnantarIyakatva aura pratyaya bheda meditva Adi hetu haiM, ve saba ahetu ho jAe~ge / isake atirikta asAdhAraNa hetu kise kahate ho? yadi sirpha pakSa meM hI rahanA hetu kI asAdhAraNatA hai to saba padArthoM ko kSaNikatA siddha karane ke lie prayukta Apa kA 'sattva' hetu 1 - zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, athavA- kyoMki vaha zrAvaNa hai / yahA~ kRtakatva aura zrAvaNatva svabhAva nAmaka sAdhana haiM / 2- saba padArtha kSaNika haiM, kyoki sat haiN| yahAM sattva hetu bhI pakSa ke atirikta anyatra nahIM pAyA jAtA / 3 - sattva kA artha arthakriyAkAritva hai, ataeva zravaNatva bhI eka prakAra kA sattva hI hai / isI prakAra hetuoM ke lie yathAyogya samajha lenA cAhie /
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________________ 16 pramANamImAMsA naam?| yadi pakSa eva vartamAnatvam ; tat sarvasmin kSaNike sAdhye sattvasyApi samA. nam / sAdhyadharmavataH pakSasyApi sapakSatA cet iha kaH prdvessH?| pakSAdanyasyaiva sapakSatve lohalekhyaM vajraM pArthivatvAt kASThavadityatra pArthivatvamapi lohalekhyatAM vaje gamayet / anyathAnupapatterabhAvAnneti cet idameva tahi hetulakSaNamastu / apakSadharmasyApi sAdhanatvApattiriti cet ; astu yadyavinAbhAvo'sti zakaTodaye kRttikodayasya, sarvajJasadbhAve saMvAdina upadezasya gamakatvadarzanAt / kAkasya kASNyaM na prAsAde dhAvalyaM vinAnupapadyamAnamityanekAntAdagamakam / tathA, ghaTe cAkSuSatvaM zabde'nityatAM vinApyupapadyamAnamiti / tanna zrAvaNatvAdirasAdhAraNo'pyanityatAM vyabhicarati / nanu kRtakatvAcchabdasyAnityatve sAdhye paryAyavad dravye'pyanityatA prApnoti / naivam,paryAyANA. mevAnityatAyAH sAdhyatvAt,anuktamapIcchAviSayIkRtaM sAdhyaM bhavatIti kiM sma prasma bhI asAdhAraNa honA cAhie / agara vahA~ sAdhya dharma vAle pakSa ko hI sapakSa mAna lete ho to yahAM bhI aisA mAna lene meM kyA dveSa hai? yadi aisA kahate ho ki sapakSa. pakSa se bhinna hI honA cAhie to 'vajra lohalekhya hai, kyoMki vaha pArthiva hai, jaise kASTha / ' yahA~ pArthivatva hetu vajra meM lohalekhyatA kA gamaka honA cAhie (kyoMki yahA~ pakSa se bhinna sapakSa vidyamAna hai / ) yadi kaho ki pArthivatva ke sAtha lohalekhyatA kA avinAbhAva nahIM hai, isa kAraNa vaha gamaka nahIM hai to phira avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa svIkAra karanA cAhie / sapakSasattva ho yA na ho) zaMkA-yadi avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa mAna liyA jAya aura sapakSasattva na hone para bhI hetu gamaka ho jAya to pakSa dharmatA ke vinA bhI hetu. gamaka hone lgegaa| samAdhAna-yadi avinAbhAva vidyamAna ho to bhale gamaka ho jAya,pakSa dharmatA ke vinA bhI zakaTodaya sAdhya meM kRtti. kodaya hetu gamaka hotA hai aura sarvajJa ke sadbhAva meM saMvAdaka upadeza gamaka dekhA jAtA hai (yadyapi yahA~ pakSadharmatA nahIM hai / 'prAsAda dhavala hai, kyoMki kauvA kAlA hai,' yahA~ hetu avinAbhAvI hai arthAt kAka ko kRSNatA kI prAsAda ko dhavalatA ke sAtha vyApti nizcita nahIM hai| isI kAraNa anekAntika hone se yaha hetu gamaka nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra zabda anitya hai,kyoMki ghaTa cAkSuSa hai'yaha hetu bhI pakSadharmatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa agamaka nahIM hai, kintu avinAmAva ke abhAva ke kAraNa agamaka hai / ghaTa meM cAkSuSatA zabda meM anityatA ke binA bhI ho sakatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki hetu bhale samakSa yA pakSa meM na rahatA ho,kintu yadi sAdhya ke sAtha usakA avinAbhAva nizcita hai to vaha gamaka ho hI jAtA hai / prastuta meM zrAvaNatva' hetu asAdhAraNa arthAt samakSa meM na rahatA huA bhI anityatva kA avinAbhAvI hai| 1-eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya hai| 2-koI puruSa sarvajJa hai, kyoMki jyotiSa jJAna meM saMvAda kI anyathAnupapatti hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA rati bhvaan?| nanu kRtakatvAnityatvayostAdAtmye sAdhanavat sAdhyasya siddhatvam sAdhyavacca sAdhanasya sAdhyatvaM prasajati / satyametat, ki tu mohanivartanArthaH pryogH| yadAha "sAderapi na sAntatvaM vyAmohAdyo'dhigacchati / sAdhyasAdhanataikasya taM prati syAnna doSabhAk // " 42-'kAraNaM' yathA bASpabhAvena mazakavatirUpatayA vA sandihyamAne dhUma'gniH, viziSTameghonnatirvA vaSTau / kathamayamAbAlagopAlAvipAlAGganAdiprasiddho'pi nopalabdhaH sUkSmadazinApi nyAyavAdinA? / kAraNavizeSadarzanAddhi sarvaH kAryArthI pravartate / sa tu vizeSo jJAtavyo yo'vyabhicArI / kAraNatvanizcayAdeva pravRttiriti cet, astvasau liGgavizeSanizcayaH pratyakSakRtaH, phale tu bhAvini nAnumAnAdanyannibandhanamutpazyAmaH / kvacid vyabhicArAt sarvasya hetorahetutve kAryasyApi tathA prasaGgaH / bASpAderakAryatvAnneti cet ; atrApi yat yato na bhavati na tat tasya kaarnnmitydossH| zaMkA-nanu kRtakatvAcchabdasyAnityatve ityAdi / zabda kRtaka hone se yadi anitya siddha kiyA jAya to paryAya ke samAna dravya meM bhI anityatA prApta hogii| samAdhAna-nahIM,kyoMki paryAyoM kI anityatA hI sAdhya hai| zabda dvArA na kahane para bhI jo iSTa hotA hai, vahI sAdhya hotA hai, yaha bAta Apa kaise bhUla jAte haiM ? zaMkA--kRtakatva aura anityatva meM yadi tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hai ( aura kRtakatva sAdhana tathA anityatva sAdhya hai ) to sAdhana ke samAna sAdhya bhI siddha honA cAhie aura sAdhya ke samAna sAdhana bhI asiddha honA cAhie / samAdhAna-ThIka hai; tathApi bhrama ko dUra karane ke lie aisA anumAnaprayoga kiyA jAtA hai / kahA bhI hai jo vyAmoha ke kAraNa sAdi arthAt kRtaka vastu kI bhI anityatA svIkAra nahIM karatA, usake lie eka hI dharma ko sAdhya aura sAdhana banA lenA bhI doSAspada nahIM hai|' 42-(2)-kAraNa hetu-kahIM-kahIM kAraNa bhI hetu hotA hai / jaise kisI ko dhUma meM vASpa yA mazakoM ko vAto kA saMdeha ho rahA ho to vahA~ dhUma kA nizcaya karane meM agni hetu hotA hai| thavA vRSTi ke anumAna meM viziSTa meghoM kI unnati hetu hotI hai| viziSTa meghoM ko car3hA dekha kara varSA kA anumAna to bAlaka, gopAlaka,gaDariyA aura striyoM meM bhI prasiddha hai| phira sUkSmadarzI nyAyavAdI (bauddha-dharmakIti) ise kyoM nahIM samajha pAte ? kAraNavizeSa arthAt avikala kAraNa ko dekha kara sabhI kAryArthI pravatti karate haiN| hA~, 'vizeSa' vahI samajhanA cAhie jo avyabhicArI ho arthAt jisakI vidyamAnatA meM kArya kI utpatti avazya hI ho / zaMkA--kAraNatA ke nizcaya se ho pravRtti hotI hai| samAdhAna--kAraNavizeSa kA nizcaya pratyakSa se bhale hI ho jAya, kintu bhaviSya ma hone vAle phala (kArya) kA nizcaya to anumAna ke atirikta kisI se ho nahIM sktaa| kahIMkahIM kAraNa ke hone para bhI kArya nahIM hotA,aise vyabhicAra ko dekha kara yadi sabhI karaNoM ko ahetu mAnA jAya to kArya bhI ahetu ho jAyegA * agara kahA jAya ki kArya kAraNa se kabhI vyabhicarita nahIM hotA, aura dhUma ke rUpa meM samajha liye jAne vAle vASpa Adi jo vyabhicArI dekhe jAte haiM, ve vAstava meM kArya hI nahIM hai,to yahI tarka kAraNahetu ke viSaya meM bhI svIkAra karanA caahie|
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________________ 98 pramANamImAMsA yathaiva kiJcit kAraNamuddizya kiJcitkAryam, tathaiva kiJcit kAryamuddizya kiJcita kAraNam / yadvadevAjanakaM prati na kAryatvam, tadvadevAjanyaM prati na kAraNatvamiti nAnayoH kazcidvizeSaH / api ca rasAdekasAmagrayanumAnena rUpAnumAnamicchatA nyAyavAdineSTameva kAraNasya hetutvam / yadAha "ekasAmagyadhInasya rUpAderasato gatiH / hetudharmAnumAnena dhUmendhanavikAravat // " (pramANavA0 1.10 ] iti / 43-na ca vayamapi yasya kasyacit kAraNasya hetutvaM brUmaH / api tu yasya na mantrAdinA zaktipratibandho na vA kAraNAntaravaikalyam / tat kuto vijJAyata iti cet asti tAvadviguNAditarasya vishessH| tatparijanaM tu prAyaH paaNshurpaadaanaampysti| yadAhuHjo kArya jisa kAraNa ke hone para bhI na ho, vaha vAstava meM usa kArya kA kAraNa hI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise kisI kAraNa ke prati hI koI kArya kahalAtA hai vaise hI kisI kArya ke prati hI koI kAraNa kahalAtA hai / jaise ajanaka kI apekSA kAryatva nahIM mAnA jAtA,usI prakAra ajanya ke prati kAraNatva bhI nahIM mAnA jAtA / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo vastu niyamapUrvaka jisa kAraNa se utpanna hotI hai,vahI usakA kArya kahalAtI hai| yadi usa kAraNa ke hone para bhI vaha vasta utpanna na ho to vaha usakA kArya nahIM khlaatii| isI prakAra kAraNa vahI hai jo avazyameva kArya ko utpanna kre| yadi usake hone para bhI kArya ko utpatti na ho to use kAraNa hI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa dRSTi se kArya hetu aura kAraNa hetu meM koI antara nahIM hai-donoM hI avyabhicarita haiN| isake atirikta eka bAta aura bhI hai| vauddha vartamAnakAlIna rasa se usako utpAdaka sAmagrI kA anumAna karate haiN| vaha sAmagrI pUrvakSaNavartI rasa aura rUpAdika haiM, kyoMki pUrvakSaNavartI rasa vartamAnakAlIna rasa meM upAdAna kAraNa aura rUpAdi sahakArI kAraNa hote haiN| yaha sabhI milakara sAmagrI kahalAte haiM / yaha vartamAnakAlIna rasa se pUrvakSaNavartI rasa rUpa Adi kA anumAna karanA kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna hai| tatpazcAt ye pUrvavartIrUpa se vartakAlIna rUpa kA anumAna karate haiM / arthAt pUrvakSaNavartI rUpa ne nimitta kAraNa ho kara jaba vartamAnakAlIna rasa ko utpanna kiyA hai to upAdAna kAraNa hokara vartamAnakAlIna rUpa ko bhI utpanna kiyA hogA, isaprakAra kAraNa se kArya kA bhI anumAna karate haiM / ataeva unheM kAraNa ko bhI hetu svIkAra karanA cAhie / kahA bhI hai-'eka sAmagrI ke adhIna rUpa Adi kA rasa se jJAna hotA hai| hetu ke dharma ke anumAna se dhUma aura indhanavikAra ke samAna / ' 43-hama bhI jisa kisI kAraNa ko hetu nahIM kahate, kintu jahA~ maMtrAdi ke dvArA kAraNa kI zakti meM pratibandha ( rukAvaTa ) na kiyA gayA ho aura dUsare sahakArI kAraNoM ko vikalatA (apurNatA)na ho, vahIM kAraNa ko hetu mAnate haiM (kyoMki aisA samartha hetu kArya ko utpanna kiye vinA raha nahIM sakatA )zaMkA-magara yaha kaise jAnA jAya ki kAraNa kA sAmarthya pratibaddha nahIM hai aura kAraNAntara kI vikalatA nahIM hai ? samAdhAna-viguNa kAraNa se saguNa kAraNa meM antara hotA ho hai / usa antara ko ga~vAra halavAhe bhI samajha lete haiM / kahA bhI hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA gmbhiirgjitaarmbhnibhinngirighvraaH| tvaGgattaDillatAsaGgapizaDgottuDgavigrahAH // " [nyAyama0 pR0129 ] "rolmbgvlvyaaltmaalmlintvissH| vRSTi vyabhicarantIha naivaMprAyAH payomucaH // " [nyAya. ma. 129] iti / 44-'kAryam' yathA vRSTau viziSTanadIpUraH, kRzAnau dhUmaH,caitanye prANAdiH / pUrasya vaiziSTayaM kathaM vijJAyata iti cet uktamatra naiyAyikaH / yadAhuH "AvartavartanAzAlivizAlakaluSodakaH / kallolavikaTAsphAlasphuTaphenacchaTAGgitaH // vahadbahalazevAlaphalazAdvalasakulaH / nadIpUravizeSo'pi zakyate na na veditum?||" (nyAyama0pR0130 ) iti dhUmaprANAdInAmapi kAryatvabhizcayo na duSkaraH / yadAhuH "kAryaM dhUmo hutabhujaH kAryadharmAnuvRttitaH / sa bhavaMstadabhAve'pi hetumattAM vilaGghayet ||"(prmaannvaa0 1.35 ) 'jo megha apanI gaMbhIra garjanA se parvata kI guphAoM ko bheda DAlate haiM, jinameM camacamAtI huI bijalI hotI hai aura usake kAraNa jina mevoM meM pIlApana AtA hai jo U~ce hote haiM aura jinakA varNa bhramara, gavala (bhaisa kA sIMga) sarpa, aura tamAla ke samAna malIna hotA hai, prAyaH isa prakAra ke meghoM ke hone para avazya vRSTi hotI hai|' (3) kAryahetu-jaise varSA ke anumAna meM viziSTa nadIpUra, agni ke anumAna meM dhUma, caitanya ke astitva meM prANAdi hetu 1kAryahetu haiN| zaMkA-pUra kI viziSTatA kaise jAnI jA sakatI? samAdhAna-nayAyikoM ne isa sambandha meM aisA kahA hai- yadi nadI kA jala AvartoM se yukta, vizAla aura malIna ho, hiloroM kI jabadasta TakkaroM se spaSTa dikhAI dene vAle phenoM kI dharA se yukta ho, bahate hue sevAra, phala aura ghAsaphUsa Adi se vyApta ho, to vaha viziSTa nadIpUra hai / aisA viziSTa nadIpUra jAnA na jA sakatA ho, aisI bAta nahIM haiN| dhUma agni kA kArya hai aura prANAdi caitanya ke kArya haiM, isa tathya kA nirNaya karanA bhI kaThina nahIM hai / kahA bhI hai___ dhUma,agni kA kArya hai.kyoMki usameM kArya kA dharma pAyA jAtA hai-vaha kAraNa (agni) ke hone para hI hotA hai aura usake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai / yadi dhUma agni ke abhAva meM ho to vaha apane agnikAryatva kA ullaMghana kare arthAt agni kA kArya hI na ho|' 1-Upara kahIM varSA huI hai, kyoMki nadI meM viziSTa pUra A rahA hai,parvata meM agni hai,kyoMki dhUma dikhAI detA hai, yaha zarIra caitanyavAn hai, kyoMki zvAsocchavAsa Adi haiN|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 45 - kAraNAbhAve'pi kAryasya bhAve ahetutvamanyahetutvaM vA bhavet / ahetutve sadA sattvamasattvaM vA bhavet / anyahetutve dRSTAdanyato'pi bhavato na dRSTajanyatA anyAbhAast TAdbhavato nAnyahetukatvamityahetukataiva syAt / tatra coktam - "yastvanyato'pi bhavannupalabdho na tasya dhUmatvaM hetubhedAt / kAraNaM ca vahnirdhUmasya ityuktam / 'api caagnisvabhAvaH zakrasya mUrddhA yadyagnireva saH / athAnagnisvabhAvaisit dhUmastatra kathaM bhavet || " ( pramANavA0 1.37 ) iti / 46 - tathA cetanAM vinAnupapadyamAnaH kAryaM prANAdiranumApayati tAM zrAvaNatvamivAnityatAm viparyaye bAdhakavazAtsattvasyevAsyApi vyAptisiddherityuktaprAyam / tanna prANAdirasAdhAraNo'pi cetanAM vyabhicarati / 100 47 -- kiMca, nAnvayo heto rUpaM tadabhAve hetvAbhAsAbhAvAt / vipakSa eva san viruddha:, vipakSespi anaikAntikaH, sarvajJatve sAdhye vaktRtvasyApi vyatirekAbhAva eva hetvAbhAsatve nimittam, nAnvayasandeha iti nyAyavAdinApi vyatirekAbhAvAdeva hetvA 45 - kAraNa ke abhAva meM bhI kArya hotA hai to yA to vaha nirhetuka samajhA jAegA yA anya hetu / yadi vaha nirhetuka hai to usako sadaiva sattA yA sadaiva asattA honI cAhie / yadi vaha anyahetuka hai to hRSTa kAraNa janya nahIM hogA aura anya kAraNa ke abhAva meM dRSTa kAraNa se janita hogA to anya kAraNa bhI nahIM rhegaa| isa prakAra aniyata hetuka hone se use nirhetuka hI mAnanA paDegA / kahA bhI hai- ' jisakI utpatti anya kAraNa se bhI hotI dekhI jAtI haiM, vaha vastutaH dhUma hI nahIM hai, kyoM ka usakA kAraNa dUsarA hai| dhUma kA kAraNa to agni hai / arthAt yaha nizcaya hai ki dhUma kA udbhava agni se hI hotA hai, aisI sthiti meM jo agni ke sivAya kisI anya kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai use dhUma hI nahIM samajhanA caahie| aura bhI kahA hai- indramUrdhA yadi agnisvabhAva hai to vaha agni ho hai / aura yadi vaha agnirUpa nahIM hai to vahA~ to kaise ho sakatA hai ? 46 - isI prakAra cetanA ke binA nahIM hone vAlA prANAdi kArya ( zvAsocch vAsAdi ) cetanA kA anumApaka hotA hai, jaise zrAvaNatva hetu anityatA kA anumApaka hotA hai / yaha to pahale kaha hI cuke haiM ki viparyaya meM bAdhaka pramANa hone se prANAdi hetu kI sasva hetu ke samAna vyApti siddha hotI hai / ataeva prANAdi hetu asAdhAraNa arthAt sapakSasattva se rahita hone para bhI cetanA se vyabhicarita nahIM hai / 47 - isake atirikta anvaya hetu kA svarUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki anvaya ke abhAva meM bhI koI hetu hetvAbhAsa nahIM hotaa| jo hetu vipakSa meM hI rahatA hai, vaha viruddha kahalAtA hai, jo vipakSa meM bhI ( aura sapakSa meM bhI rahatA hai, vaha anaikAntika hotA hai / sarvajJatva sAdhya meM vaktRtva hetu mo hetvAbhAsa hai so vyatireka ke abhAva ke kAraNa hai anvaya meM sandeha hone se nahIM / nyAyavAdI ( dharmakItti) ne bhI vyatireka ke na banane se bhI hetvAbhAsa kahe haiN| kisI asAdhAraNa hetu ke viSaya meM
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 101 bhAsAvuktau / asAdhAraNo'pi yadi sAdhyAbhAve'sanniti nizcIyeta tadA prakArAntarA bhAvAtsAdhyamupasthApayannAnakAntikaH syAt / api ca yadyamvayo rUpaM syAt tadA yathA vipakSakadezavRtteH kathaJcidavyatirekAdagamakatvam, evaM sapakSakadezavRtterapi syAt kathaJcidananvayAt / yadAha ____ "rUpaM yadyanvayo hetorvyatirekavadiSyate / sa sapakSobhayo na syAdasapakSobhayo yathA // " sapakSa eva sattvamanvayo na sapakSe sattvameveti cet ; astu, sa tu vyatireka evetyasmanmatamevAGgIkRtaM syAt / vayamapi hi pratyapIpadAma anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNo heturiti / 48--tathA, ekasminnarthe dRSTe'dRSTe vA samavAyyAzritaM sAdhanaM sAdhyena / taccakArthasamavAyitvam ephaphalAdigatayo rUparasayoH, zakaTodaya-kRttikodayayoH, candrodayasamudravRddhayoH, vRsstti-saannddpipiilikaakssobhyoH,naagvlliidaah-ptrkothyoH| tatra ekArthasamavAyo' raso rUpasya, rUpaM vA rasasya; nahi samAnakAlabhAvinoH kAryakAraNabhAvaH sambhavati / yadi yaha nizcaya ho jAya ki vaha sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA to baha sAdhya kA sAdhaka hogA ho,use anekAntika nahIM kahA jA sktaa|hetRtv ke liye yahI eka prakAra hai ki vaha sAdhya ke abhAva meM na ho| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi anvaya ko hetu kA svarUpa mAnA jAya to jaise vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane se bhI kisI aMza meM vipakSAsattva na hone se heta agamaka ho jAtA hai,usI prakAra sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA bhI hetu agamaka ho jAnA cAhie, kyoMki usameM bhI kisI aMza meM anvaya (sapakSasattva) nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / kahA bhI haiM 'yadi vyatireka (vipakSAsatva) ke samAna bhanvaya (sapakSasattva)ko bhI hetu kA svarUpa svIkAra kiyA jAya to jo hetu sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai aura eka deza meM nahIM rahatA,vaha hetu nahIM honA cAhie; jaise ki vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA aura eka deza meM na rahane vAlA hetu nahIM hotA hai |'shNkaa-'spkss meM hI rahanA'anvaya kahalAtA hai,sapakSa meM rahanA hI ghaTita aisA anvaya kA svarUpa nahIM hai / arthAt hetu yadi sapakSa meM rahe bhI aura na bhI rahe to bhI anvaya ghaTita ho jAtA hai, kevala vipakSa meM nahIM rahanA cAhie / samAdhAna-taba to yaha vyatireka hI kahalAyA aura isa prakAra se Apane hamAre mata ko ho svIkAra kara liyaa| Akhira hama bhI yahI kahate haiM ki hetu kA eka mAtra lakSaNa anyathAnupapatti hI hai| __48-(4)ekArthasamavAyi-dRSTa yA addaSTa eka hI padArtha meM samavAya se jo sAdhana sAdhya ke sAtha rahA huA ho, vaha ekArthasamavAyi kahalAtA hai / vaha ekArthasamavAyi eka hI phala meM rahe hue rUpa aura rasa meM, zakaTodaya aura kRttikodaya meM, candrodaya aura samudravRddhi meM, vRSTi aura aNDoMsahita pipIlikAoM ke kSobha meM tathA nAgavallIdAha aura patrakotha meM samajhanA caahie| yahA~ rasa rUpa kA aura rUpa rasa kA ekArthasamavAyI hai| kyoMki ye samakAlabhAvI vastuoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 102 pramANamImAMsA 49nanu samAnakAlakAryajanakaM kAraNamanumAsyate iti cetna tahi kAryamanumitaM syAt / kAraNAnumAne sAmarthyAt kAryamanumitameva, janyAbhAve janakatvAbhAvAditi cet hantavaM kAraNaM kAryasyAnumApakamityaniSTamApadyeta / zakaTodayakRttikodayAdInAM tu yathA'vinAbhAvaM sAdhyasAdhanabhAvaH / yadAha "ekArthasamavAyastu yathA yeSAM tathaiva te / gamakA gamakastanna zakaTaH kRttikoditeH|" evamanyaSvapi sAdhaneSu vAcyam / nanu kRtakatvAnityatvayorekArthasamavAyaH kasmAneSyate? ; na, tayorekatvAt / yadAha ghantApekSiNI sattA kRtktvmnitytaa| ekava hetuH sAdhyaM ca dvayaM naikAzrayaM tataH // " iti / 50. svabhAvAdInAM caturNA sAdhanAnAM vidhisAdhanatA, niSedhasAdhanatvaM tu virodhinH| sa hi svasannidhAnenetarasya pratiSedhaM sAdhayati,anyathA virodhAsiddhaH / 51-'ca'zabdo yata ete svabhAvakAraNakAryavyApakA anyathAnupapannAH svasAdhya 49-zaMkA-yadi samakAlIna kAryajanaka kAraNa kA anumAna kara liyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ? samAdhAna-to yaha kArya kA anumAna nahIM khlaayaa| zaMkA-kAraNa kA anumAna kara lene para sAmarthya se kArya kA bhI anumAna ho hI jAegA' kyoMki janya ke abhAva meM janaka (kAraNa) hotA hI nahIM hai / samAdhAna-taba to kAraNa, kArya kA anumApaka ho jaaegaa| yaha Apa ko iSTa nahIM hai / zakaTodaya aura kRttikodaya Adi kA avinAbhAva ke anusAra sAdhyasAdhanabhAva hotA hai| kahA bhI hai- jina vastuoM meM jisa prakAra kA ekArthasamavAyasaMbaMdha hotA hai,ve usI prakAra se gamaka hotI haiN| ataeva zakaTodaya kRttikodaya kA gamaka nahIM hotA (kintu kRttikodaya hI bhAvizakaTodaya kA gamaka hotA hai|) yahI bAta anya ekArthasamavAyisAdhanoM ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| zaMkA-kRtakatva aura anityatva meM ekArthasamavAyasaMbaMdha kyoM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA ? samAdhAna-ve donoM eka hI haiM, ataeva donoM meM ekArthasamavAya nahIM hai kahA bhI hai _ 'Adi aura anta kI apekSA rakhane vAlI sattA kRtakatva hai aura vahI anityatA hai| vahI hetu aura vahI sAdhya hai,ataeva ve donoM ekArthasamavAyi nahIM haiN| 50--ye svabhAva Adi cAra hetu vidhi ke sAdhaka hote haiM, kintu virodhI haina niSedha kA sAdhaka hotA hai / vaha apanI vidyamAnatA meM dUsare kA niSedha siddha karatA hai, anyathA virodha hI siddha nahIM ho sktaa| (51)-sUtra meM prayukta 'ca' zabda vizeSa artha kA dyotaka hai,vaha batalAtA hai ki-ye svabhAva kAraNa, kArya aura vyApaka ekArthasamavAyo-anyathAnupapanna ho kara apane sAdhya ke gamaka-jJApaka hote
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 103 mupasthApayanti tata eva tadabhAve svayaM na bhavanti, teSAmanupalabdhirapyabhAvasAdhanItyAha / tatra svabhAvAnupalabdhiryathA nAtra ghaTaH, draSTuM yogysyaanuplbdhH| kAraNAnupalabdhiryathA nAtra dhUmo'gnyabhAvAt / kAryAnupalabdhiryathA nAtrApratibaddhasAmarthyAni dhUmakAraNAni santi dhUmAbhAvAt / vyApakAnupalabdhiryathA nAtra zizapA vRkSAbhAvAt / 52. virodhi tu pratiSedhyasya tatkAryakAraNavyApakAnAM ca viruddhaM viruddhakArya ca / yathA na zItasparzaH, nApratibaddhasAmarthyAni zItakAraNAni, na romaharSavizeSAH, na tuSArasparzaH, anne--mAdveti prayoganAnAtvamiti // 12 // 53- sAdhanaM lakSayitvA vibhajya ca sAdhyasya lakSaNamAha siSAdhayiSitamasiddhamabAdhyaM sAdhyaM pakSaH 13 // 54-sAdhayitumiSTaM siSAdhayiSitam / anena sAdhayitumaniSTasya sAdhyatvavyavacchedaH, yathA vaizeSikasya nityaH zabda iti zAstroktatvAdvaizeSikeNAbhyupagatasyApyAkAzaguNatvAderna sAdhyatvam tadA sAdhayitumaniSTatvAt / iSTaH punaranukto'pi pakSo bhavati,yathA parArthAzcakSurAdayaH saMghAtatvAcchayanAzanAdyaGgavadityatra parArthA ityaatmaarthaaH| haiM vaha usake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai,ataeva unakI anupalabdha bhI amAva ko siddha karatI hai,jaise svabhAvAnupalabdhi-yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai kyoMki agni kA abhAva hai| kAryAnupalabdhi-yahA~ apratibaddha sAmarthya vAle dhUma ke kAraNa nahIM haiM.kyoMki dhUma nahIM hai| vyApakAnupalabdhi-yahA~ zizapA nahIM hai kyoMki vRkSa kA abhAva hai / 52-virodhI hetu pratiSedhya (niSedha rUpa sAdhya) yA pratiSedhya ke kArya, kAraNa aura vyApaka se viruddha hotA hai athavA viruddha kA kArya hotA hai / yathA-(ka) yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki agni hai (kha) yahA~ apratibaddha sAmarthya vAle zIta ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki agni hai (ga) yahA~ romaharSavizeSa nahIM hai kyoMki agni hai (gha) yahA~ tuSArasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki agni hai / (yaha kramazaH viruddha, viruddha kArya viruddha kAraNa aura viruddha vyApaka ke udAharaNa haiN|) yahA~ pratiSedhya se viruddha agni kA kAryarUpa hetu'dhUma'samajhanA caahie| jaise-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai,kyoMki dhUma hai, ityAdi / (zItasparza se viruddha agni hai aura agni kA kArya dhUma hai,ataH dhUma pratiSedhya zItasparza se viruddha agni kA kArya huaa|) isa prakAra nAnA taraha se hetuoM kA prayoga hotA hai // 12 // 53-sAdhya kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha--vAdI jise siddha karanA cAhatA ho,jo prativAdI ko siddha na ho aura pramANa se bAdhita na ho, vaha sAdhya kahalAtA hai / sAdhya ko pakSa bhI kahate haiM // 13 // 54--jise siddha karanA iSTa ho vaha 'sisAdhayiSita' kahalAtA hai / isa vizeSaNa se yaha phalita huA ki jise vAdI siddha na karanA cAhe vaha sAdhya nahIM hotA hai / vaizeSika ke mata ke zAstra meM 'zabda nitya hai' aisA kahA gayA hai| unhoMne use AkAza kA guNa bhI mAnA hai,phira bhI jaba ise ve siddha nahIM karanA cAhate taba vaha sAdhya nahIM hotA / isake viparIta jo siddha karane ke lie iSTa hai, vaha zabda se na kahane para bhI sAdhya hotA hai / jaise-cakSu Adi parArtha haiM, kyoMki be saMghAta haiM, zayana evaM azana Adi ke aMgoM ke samAna / yahA~ parArtha' kA abhiprAya hai-AtmArtha /
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________________ 104 pramANamImAMsA buddhimatkAraNapUrva kSityAdi kAryatvAdityatrA'zarIrasarvajJapUrvakatvamiti / 55-'asiddham ityanenAnadhyavasAya-saMzaya-viparyayaviSayasya vastunaH sAdhyatvam, na siddhasya yathA zrAvaNaH zabda iti / nAnupalabdhe na nirNIte nyAyaHpravartate" (nyAyabhA0 1.1.1.) iti hi sarvapArSadam / 56-'abAdhyama' ityanena pratyakSAdibAdhitasya sAdhyatvaM mA bhUdityAha / etat sAdhyasya lakSaNam / pakSaH' iti sAdhyasyaiva nAmAntarametat // 13 // 57-abAdhyagrahaNavyavacchedyAM bAdhAM darzayati pratyakSAnumAnAgamalokasvavacanapratItayo bAdhA // 14 // 58-pratyakSAdIni tadviruddhArthopasthApanena bAdhakatvAt 'bAdhAH / tatra pratyakSabAdhA yathA anuSNo'gniH, na madhu madhuram ,na sugandhi vidalanmAlatImukulam, acAkSuSo ghaTaH, azrAvaNaH zabdaH,nAsti bahirartha ityAdi / anumAnabAdhA yathA saroma hastatalam ,nityaH zabda iti vA / atrAnupalambhena kRtakatvena cAnumAnabAdhA / AgamabAdhA yathA pretyA'sukhaprado dharma iti / paraloke sukhapradatvaM dharmasya sarvAgamasiddham / lokaarthAt AtmA ke lie| tathA--pRthvI Adi buddhimatkartRka haiM, kyoMki kArya haiM.yahAM buddhimatkartRtva' sAdhyazabda se kahA gayA hai, phira bhI 'azarIrasarvajJakartRtva' sAdhya mAnA jAtA hai| 55--'asiddha' isa vizeSaNa se yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki jisa viSaya meM prativAdI ko anadhyavasAya, saMzaya yA viparyaya ho, vahI sAdhya hotA hai| jo prativAdI ko siddha hai vaha sAdhya nahIM hotaa| jaise 'zabda zrAvaNa hai, yahA~ zabda kA zrAvaNatva nirvivAda siddha hai ataH sAdhya nahIM ho sakatA / yaha sarvasammata hai ki sarvathA anupalabdha ajJAta aura sarvathAniNarNIta vastu meM hetu ko pravRtti nahIM hotii| 56-'avAdhya' isa vizeSaNa se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki jo pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita hai, vaha sAdhya nahIM hotA / 'pakSa' sAdhya kA hI paryAyavAcaka zabda hai // 13 // 57- abAdhya'vizeSaNa se vyavaccheda bAdhAe~-sUtrArtha-pratyakSabAdhA,anumAnabAdhA,AgamabAdhA, lokabAdhA. svavacanabAdhA aura pratIti bAdhA-yaha saba sAdhyasaMbaMdhI bAdhAe~ haiN| // 14 // 58-pratyakSa Adi sAdhya se viparIta artha upasthApaka hokara bAdhaka hone ke kAraNa bAdhA kahalAte haiM / arthAt jaba pratyakSa sAdhya se viparIta artha kA sAdhaka hotA hai taba vaha pratyakSa bAdhA hai| isI prakAra anumAnabAdhA Adi samajhanA caahie| pratyakSabAdhA, jaise-agni uSNa nahIM hai, madhu madhura nahIM hai, mAlatI-mukula sugaMdhayukta nahIM hai,ghaTa acAkSuSa hai, zabda zrAvaNa nahIM hai, (jJAna se) bhinna padArtha nahIM hai, ityAdi / anumAnabAdhA, jaise-hathelI saroma hai, zabda nitya hai| yahA~ 'saroma' yaha sAdhya anupalaMma se bAdhita hai aura 'nityatva' sAdhya 'kRtakatva' hetu se bAdhita hai| AgamabAdhA, jaise-'dharma paraloka meM duHkhadAyI hai, 'yahA~ sAdhya Agama se bAdhita hai, kyoMki samI Agama dharma ko paraloka meM sukhadAyI kahate haiN| lokabAdhA, jaise-'manuSya ke 1-ye kramazaH sparzendriyapratyakSabAdhA, rasanendriyapratyakSabAdhA Adi ke udAharaNa haiN|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 105 bAdhA yathA zuci naraziraHkapAlamiti / loke hi narazira:kapAlAdInAmazucitvaM suprasiddham / svavacanabAdhA yathA mAtA me vandhyeti / pratItibAdhA yathA acandraH zazIti atra zazinazcandrazabdavAcyatvaM pratItisiddhamiti pratItibAdhA // 14 // 59-atra sAdhyaM maH, dharmarmisamudAyo veti saMzayavyavacchedAyAha sAdhyaM sAdhyadharmaviziSTo dharmI, kacittu dharmaH // 15 // 60-sAdhyam' sAdhyazabdavAcyaM pakSazabdAbhidheyamityarthaH / kimityAha 'sAdhyadharmeNa anityatvAdinA viziSTo dharmI' zabdAdiH / etat prayogakAlApekSaM sAdhyazabdavAcyatvam / 'kvacittu' vyAptigrahaNakAle dharmaH' sAdhyazabdenocyate,anyathA vyApte. raghaTanAt / nahi dhamadarzanAt sarvatra parvato'gnimAniti vyAptiH zakyA kartuM pramANavi rodhAditi // 15 // 61-misvarUpanirUpaNAyAha dharmI pramANasiddhaH // 16 // 61-'pramANaH pratyakSAdibhiH prasiddho dharmI' bhavati yathAgnimAnayaM deza iti / sira kI khopaDI pavitra hai / ' loka meM naramuNDa ko apavitratA suprasiddha hai, ataeva yaha sAdhya lokabAdhita hai| svavacanabAdhA, yathA-'merI mAtA vandhyA hai' yahA~ 'merI mAtA' yaha kathana hI 'vandhyA' sAdhya meM bAdhaka hai / pratotibAdhA, yathA-'candramA zazI nahIM hai' arthAt zazI zabda kA vAcya nahIM hai / candramA kA zazI zabda dvArA vAcya honA prasiddha hai, ataeva isa 'zazI nahIM hai' sAdhya meM pratIti se bAdhA hai // 14 // 59-dharma (agnimattva ) sAdhya hotA hai athavA dharma aura dharmoM kA samudAya (agnimattva dharma se yukta parvata) sAdhya hotA hai ? isa saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie kahate haiN| sUtrArtha-sAdhya dharma se yukta dharmI sAdhya hotA hai; kintu kahIM dharma bhI sAdhya hotA hai // 15 // 60-sAdhya yA 'pakSa. zabda kA vAcya kyA hai? isakA uttara yaha hai ki anityatva Adi dharma se viziSTa 'zabda, Adi dharmo sAdhya yA pakSa kahalAte haiM, arthAt 'zabda anitya hai' yahA~ anityatA dharma vAlA zabda pakSa yA sAdhya hai, kintu yaha vidhAna anumAna karate samaya ke lie hai-jaba anumAna prayoga kiyA jAtA hai tabhI dharmoM sAdhya hotA hai. kahIM para arthAt vyApti ko grahaNa karate samaya to niyama se dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai usa samaya dharma ko hI sAdhya na banA kara yadi dharmoM ko sAdhya banA liyA jAya to vyApti nahIM bana sakatI / jahA~ dhUmavattva hai vahA~ agnimattva hai, aisI vyApti banatI hai, magara jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ parvata meM agni hotI hai aisI vyApti nahIM banAI jA sakatI, aisI vyApti pramANa se bAdhita hai // 15 // 61-dharmo kA svarUpa-sUtrArtha-dharmo pramANa se siddha hotA hai // 16 // . 62-dharmI pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se siddha hotA hai / jaise yaha sthAna agnimAn hai| yahAM dharmo siddha hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA atra hi dezaH pratyakSeNa siddhaH / etena-"sarva evAnumAnAnumeyavyavahAro buddhyArUDhena dharmaminyAyana na bahiH sadasattvamapekSate" 'itisaugataM mataM pratikSipati / nahIyaM vikalpabuddhirantarbahirvA'nAsAditAlambanA miNaM vyavasthApati, tadavAstavatve tadAdhArasAdhanayorapi vAstavatvAnupapatteH tadbuddheH pAramparyeNApi vastuvyavasthApakatvAyogAt / tato vikalpenAnyena vA vyavasthApitaH parvatAdiviSayabhAvaM bhajanneva dharmitAM pratipadyate / tathA ca sati pramANasiddhasya dharmitA yuktaiva // 16 // 63. apavAdamAha . buddhisiddho'pi // 17 // 64-naikAntena pramANasiddha eva dharmI, kiMtu vikalpabuddhiprasiddho'pi dharmI bhavati / 'api' zabdena pramANa-buddhi bhyAmubhAbhyAmapi siddho dharmI bhavatIti darzayati / tatra buddhisiddha dharmiNi sAdhyadharmaH sattvamasattvaM ca pramANabalena sAdhyate, yathA asti sarvajJaH, nAsti SaSThaM bhUtamiti / " dharmI ko pramANa se siddha kahane se bauddhoM kA yaha mata khaMDita kiyA gayA hai ki-sabhI sAdhya aura sAdhanasaMbaMdhI vyavahAra buddhikalpita dharsa-dharmonyAya se hI hotA hai arthAt kalpita hai| kalpanA se bAhara usakI koI sattA-asattA nahIM hai| vikalpabuddhi bAhya aura Antarika.Alambana ke vinA dharmoM kI vyavasthA nahIM krtii| yadi sAdhya aura sAdhana kA AdhArabhUta dharmI hI vAsta vAle sAdhya aura sAdhana bhI vAstavika nahIM ho sakate / aisI sthiti meM vikalpajJAna paramparA se bhI vastu kA vyavasthApaka nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva yahI svIkAra karanA hai ki savikalpaka yA nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA vyavasthApita parvata Adi savikalpaka jJAna ke viSaya hokara hI dharmoM hote haiM, ataeva pramANasiddha vastu ko dharmo kahanA yogya hI hai // 16 // 63--dharmoviSayaka apavAda-sUtrArtha-dharmI buddhisiddha bhI hotA hai // 17 // 64--dharmo ekAntataH pramANa se hI siddha nahIM hotA,kintu vikalpa buddhi se bhI siddha ha tA. hai| sUtra meM prayukta api (bhI)'zabda se yaha dhvanita kiyA gayA hai ki koI-koI dharmI pramANa aura buddhi donoM se bhI siddha hotA hai| ina tIna prakAra ke rmiyoM meM se buddhisiddha dharmoM meM sirpha sattA yA asattA hI pramANa ke dvArA sAdhya ho sakatI haiM, inake atirikta anya koI vizeSa dharma siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise sarvajJa hai,SaSTha bhUta nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki buddhisiddha dharmo sattA yA asattA ko siddha karane ke lie mAna liyA jAtA hai,kyoMki kisI padArtha kI sattA yA asattA use pakSa banAye vinA siddha nahIM ho sakatI sarvajJa hai yaha siddha karane ke lie bhI aura 'sarvajJa nahIM hai' yaha siddha karane ke liye bhI. sarvajJa ko pakSa banAye vinA kAma nahIM cala sakatA ataeva buddhi siddha dharmo to Avazyaka hai, kintu usameM sattA athavA asattA hI siddha kI jA sakatI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 107 -65-nanu dharmiNi sAkSAdasati bhAvAbhAvobhayadharmANAmasiddhaviruddhAnakAntikatvenAnumAnaviSayatvAyogAt kathaM sattvAsattvayoH saadhytvm?| tadAha "nAsiddha bhAvadharmo'sti vyaabhicaaryubhyaashryH| viruddho dharmo'bhAvasya sA sattA sAdhyate kthm?||"(prmaannvaa0 1.192-3.) iti / 66-naivama, mAnasapratyakSe bhAvarUpasyaiva dharmiNaH pratipannatvAta / na ca tatsiddhI tatsattvasyApi pratipannatvAd vyarthamanumAnama,tadabhyupetamapi vaiyAtyAdyo na pratipadyate taM pratyanumAnasya sAphalyAt / na ca mAnasajJAnAt kharaviSANAderapi sadbhAvasambhAvanAto'tiprasaGgaH, tajjJAnasya bAdhakapratyayaviplAvitasattAkavastuviSayatayA mAnasapratyakSAbhAsatvAt / kathaM tahi SaSThabhUtAderdhamitvamiti cet ; dharmiprayogakAle bAdhakapratyayAnudayAtsattvasambhAvanopapatteH / na ca sarvajJAdau sAdhakapramANAsattvena sattvasaMzItiH,sunizcitA'sambhavadvAdhaka pramANasattvena sukha dAviva sattvanizcayAttatra sNshyaayogaat| . 65-prazna -dharmI kI sAkSAt sattA nahIM hai to usameM hetuoM ke bhAvadharma, amAvadharma aura ubhayadharma kramazaH asiddha viruddha aura anekAntika ho jAyeMge ataeva vaha anamava kA viSaya hI nahIM rahegA to sattA yA asattA ko kaise siddha kiyA jA sakegA ? kahA bhI hai-.. pramANa se asiddha dharmo meM hetu yadi bhAvarUpadharma hogA to vaha asiddha ho jAegA, abhAvadharma rUpa hogA to viruddha ho jAegA aura yadi ubhayadharmarUpa hogA to vyabhicArI ho jaaygaa| aisI sthiti meM sarvajJa ko sattA kisa prakAra siddha kI jA sakatI hai ?' 66-samAdhAna-mAnasa pratyakSa meM bhAvarUpa dharmI hI pratibhAsita hotA hai, kadAcit kahA jAya ki yadi bhAvarUpa dharmo kA pratibhAsa mAna liyA jAya to usakI sattA bhI siddha ho jaaygii| phira usakI sattA siddha karane ke lie anumAna kA prayoga karanA vyartha ho jAegA, kintu aisA kahanA yogya nahIM, kyoMki svIkAra kiye hue sattva ko bhI jo haTha karake nahIM mAnatA usake lie anumAna vyartha nahIM hotaa| zaMkA-mAnasa jJAna se kharaviSANa Adi ke astitva kI bhI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakegI to atiprasaMga (aniSTApatti) hogaa| samAdhAna-kharaviSANa kA jJAna aisI vastu ko viSaya karatA hai. jisakI sattA bAdhaka pramANa se khaMDita hai, ataeva vaha mAnasa pratyakSa nahIM, pratyakSAbhAsa hai| . zaMkA-aisA hai to SaSThabhUta mAnasapratyakSa bhI pratyakSAbhAsa hai / ataH use dharmI kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-pakSaprayoga ke samaya bAghaka jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA,ataeva usameM sattva kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai| sAdhaka pramANa na hone ke kAraNa sarvajJa Adi ke astitva meM sandeha hotA hai, yaha kahanA saMgata nahIM, kyoMki jaise sukha duHkha-Adi ke astitva meM bAdhaka pramANa kA amAva sunizcita hone se unakI sattA hai usameM saMzaya nahIM hotA, isI prakAra sarvajJAdi ke viSayaH meM bhI sandeha nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ 108 pramANamImAMsA 67-ubhayasiddho dharmoM yathA anityaH zabda iti / nahi pratyakSeNAgdirzibhiraniyatadigdezakAlAvacchinnAH sarvazabdAH zakyA nizcetumiti zabdasya pramANabuddhyubhayasi. ddhatA, tenAnityatvAdidharmaH prasAdhyata iti // 17 // 68-nanu dRSTAnto'pyanumAnAGgatayA pratItaH / tat kathaM sAdhyasAdhane evAnumAnAGgamukte na dRSTAntaH?; ityAha na dRSTAnto'numAnAGgam // 18 // 69-'dRSTAntaH, vakSyamANalakSaNo nAnumAnasya 'aGgam, kAraNam // 18 // 70-kuta ityAha ___ sAdhanamAtrAt tasiddheH // 19 // 71-dRSTAntarahitAtsAdhyAnyathAnupapattilakSaNAt 'sAdhanAt' anumAnasya sAdhyapratipattilakSaNasya bhAvAnna dRSTAnto'numAnAGgamiti / 72-sa hi sAdhyapratipattau vA avinAbhAvagrahaNe vA, vyAptismaraNe vopyujyeto| na tAvat prathamaH pakSaH, yathoktAdeva hetoH sAdhyapratipattarupapatteH / nApi dvitIyaH, vipakSe baadhkaadevaavinaabhaavgrhnnaat| kiMca, vyaktirUpo dRssttaantH| sa kathaM sAkalyana 67- zabda nitya hai' yahA~ zabda'ubhayasiddha dharmo hai / alpajJa jana aniyata dizAoM, dezoM aura kAloM ke samasta zabdoM kA pratyakSa se nizcaya nahIM kara sakate (kevala vartamAna aura indriya sambaddha zabdoM kA hI unheM pratyakSa hotA hai ) ataeva vaha baddhisiddha bhI hai aura pramANasiddha bhI hai| ubhayasiddha dharmI meM anityatva Adi dharma siddha kiye jAte haiM / __68-zaMkA-dRSTAnta bhI anumAna kA aMga hai, yaha bAta prasiddha haiM / phira Apane sAdhya aura sAdhana ko hI anumAna kA aMga kyoM kahA hai? dRSTAnta ko kyoM nahIM kahA? isakA uttara kahate haiM sUtrArtha-dRSTAnta anumAna kA aMga nahIM hai // 18 // 69-dRSTAnta jisakA svarUpa Age kahA jAegA,anumAna kA aMga arthAt kAraNa nahIM hai / 18 / 70-kyoM nahIM hai ?-sUtrArtha-akele sAdhana se hI anumAna kI siddhi ho jAtI hai // 19 // 71-kyoMki dRSTAnta se rahita, sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapanna sAdhana se hI anumAna (sAdhya ke jJAna) kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / ataeva dRSTAnta ko usakA aMga mAnane ko AvazyakatA nahIM hai| 72-dRSTAnta kI upayogitA kyA hai? vaha sAdhya kI pratipatti meM upayogI hotA hai yA avinAbhAva kA nizcaya karane meM athavA vyApti ke smaraNa meM ? sAdhya kI pratipatti ke lie to: usako AvazyakatA hai nahIM, kyoMki pUrvokta-lakSaNavAle-hetu se hI sAdhya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa se avinAbhAva kA nizcaya hotA hai / isake atirikta dRSTAnta vyaktirUpa hotA hai,vaha paripUrNa rUpa se vyApti kA nidarzaka kaise ho sakatA hai? Azaya yaha hai-'jahAM jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahAM vahA~ agni hotI hai, jaise rasoIgRha / ' yahA~ rasoIgRha dRSTAnta hai / vaha vyaktirUpa hai arthAt apane Apa taka hI sImita hai /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 109 vyApti gamayet ? / vyaktyantareSu vyAptyarthaM dRSTAntAntaraM mRgyam / tasyApi vyaktirUpatvena sAkalyena vyApteravadhArayitumazakyatvAtparAparaddRSTAntApekSAyAmanavasthA syAt / nApi tRtIyaH, gRhItasambandhasya sAdhanadarzanAdeva vyAptismRteH / agRhItasambandhasya dRSTAnte'pyasmaraNAt upalabdhipUrvakatvAt smaraNasyeti // 19 // 73 dRSTAntasya lakSaNamAha sa vyAptidarzanabhUmiH // 20 // 74 - sa iti hRSTAnto lakSyaM 'vyAptiH' lakSitarUpA, 'darzanam parasmai pratipAdanaM tasya 'bhUmiH, Azraya iti lakSaNam / 75 - nanu yadi dRSTAnto'numAnAGgaM na bhavati tarhi kimarthaM lakSyate ? ucyateparArthAnumAne bodhyAnurodhAdApavAdikasyodAharaNasyAnujJAsyamAnatvAt / tasya ca dRSTAntAbhidhAnarUpatvAdupapannaM dRSTAntasya lakSaNam / pramAturapi kasyacit dRSTAntadRSTabahirvyAptibalenAntaryAptipratipattirbhavatIti svArthAnumAnaparvaNyapi dRSTAntalakSaNaM nAnu papannam // 20 // usameM dhUma aura agni hai, yaha ThIka hai kintu ipase yaha to nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA ki tIna kAla aura tIna loka meM jahA~ kahIM dhUma hotA hai vahA~ agni avazya hotI hai ! jaba vyaktirUpa hRSTAnta se vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA to dUsarI vyaktiyoM meM usakA grahaNa karane ke lie anya dRSTAnta khojanA par3egA / magara anya dRSTAnta bhI vyaktirUpa hI hogA aura vaha bhI paripUrNa rUpa se vyApti kA nizcAyaka nahIM ho sakegA, ataeva anyAnya dRSTAntoM kI apekSA banI hI rahegI / aisI sthiti meM anavasthA doSa anivArya hai / dRSTAnta avinAbhAva ke smaraNa meM upayogI hotA hai, yaha tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jisane avinAbhAva saMbaMdha ko samajha rakkhA hai, use sAdhana ko dekhane se hI vyApti kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta jisane avinAbhAva kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, use hRSTAnta kA prayoga karane para bhI avinAbhAva kA smaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki smaraNa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba pahale grahaNa ho cukA ho // 19 // 73-dRSTAnta kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha dRSTAnta vyApti ko dikhalAne kA sthAna hotA hai | 20 // dRSTAnta vaha sthAna hai jahA~ dUsare ko vyApti dikhalAI jAtI hai / 75 -- prazna- yadi hRSTAnta anumAna kA aMga nahIM hai to usake lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa kyoM karate haiM ? uttara - parArthAnumAna meM ziSya ke anurodha se udAharaNa ko apavAda rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura dRSTAnta kA kathana hI udAharaNa kahalAtA hai, isa ddaSTAnta kA lakSaNa kahanA ucita hI hai| isake atirikta kisI kisI pramAtA ko bhI dekhI huI bahirvyApti kI sahAyatA se. antarvyApti kA bodha hotA hai, isa kAraNa svArthAnumAna ke prasaMga meM bhI dRSTAnta kA lakSaNa kathana anucita nahIM hai // 20 //
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________________ 11. pramANamImAMsA 76-tadvibhAgamAha sa sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM dedhA // 21 // 77-sa dRSTAntaH 'sAdharmyaNa' anvayena 'vaidhahNa' ca vyatirekeNa bhavatIti dvipra. kaarH||22|| 78-sAdharmyadRSTAntaM vibhajate__sAdhanadharmaprayuktasAdhyadharmayogI sAdhayadRSTAntaH // 22 // 79-sAdhanadharmeNa prayukto na tu kAkatAlIyo yaH sAdhyadharmastadvAn 'sAdharmya'dRSTAntaH' yathA kRtakatvenAnitye zabde sAdhye ghaTAdiH // 22 // 80-vaidharmyadRSTAntaM vyAcaSTesAdhyadharmanivRttiprayuktasAdhanadharmanivRttiyogI vaidharmyadRSTAntaH // 23 // 81-sAdhyadharmanivRttyA prayuktA na yathAkathaJcit yA sAdhanadharmanivRttiH tadvAn 'vaidhaHdRSTAntaH / yathA kRtakatvenAnitye zabde sAdhye AkAzAdiriti // 23 // ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracitAyAH pramANamImAMsAyAstavRttazca prathamasyAdhyAyasya dvitIyamAhihnakam 76-dRSTAnta ke bheda-sUtrArtha-sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke rUpa meM dRSTAnta do prakAra kA hai // 21 // 77-sAdharmya arthAt anvaya dRSTAnta aura vaidharmya arthAt vyatirekaddaSTAnta // 21 // 78-sAdharmyadRSTAnta ke bheda-sUtrArtha-sAdhanadharma kI badaulata jo sAdhyadharma vAlA ho arthAt jahAM sAdhana hone se sAdhya pAyA jAya vaha sAdharmya dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai| 79-'sAdhanadharma kI badaulata' yaha zabda vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhane yogya haiN| isakA tApparya yaha hai ki kahIM kAkatAlIya nyAya se sAdhyadharma pAyA jAya to vaha sAdharmyadRSTAnta nahIM kahA jAegA, varan sAdhana ke hone se jahA~ sAdhya ho vahI sAdharmyadRSTAnta kahalAegA / jaisezabda anitya hai| kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai jaise ghaTa Adi / ' (yahA~ ghaTa Adi sAdharmyadRSTAnta haiM so isI kAraNa ki kRtaka hone se unameM anityatA hai)||22|| .80-vadharmyadRSTAnta kI vyAkhyA-sUtrArtha-sAdhyadharma ke abhAva ke kAraNa jahA~ sAdhanadharma kA abhAva ho vaha vaidhaHdRSTAnta kahalAtA hai // 23 // .... 81-yahA~ bhI pUrvavat hI samajhanA cAhie,kintu vizeSa yaha hai ki jahA~ sAdhya ke abhAva ke kAraNa sAdhana kA abhAva ho vaha vaidharmya dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai| jaise zabda anitya hai kyoMki kRtaka hai| jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha kRtaka bhI nahIM hotA, jaise AkAza (yahA~ AkAza meM anityatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa kRtakatA kA bhI abhAva hai ataeva AkAza vaidharmya dRSTAnta hai)||23|| isa prakAra AcArya zrI hemacaMdradvArA viracita pramANamImAMsA aura usako vRttike prathama adhyAya kA dvitIya Ahnika pUrNa havA /
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________________ // atha dvitIyo'dhyAyaH // 1-lakSitaM svArthamanumAnamidAnI kramaprAptaM parArthamanumAnaM lakSayati yathoktasAdhanAbhidhAnajaH parArtham // 1 // 2-'yathoktam' svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNaM yat 'sAdhanam' tasyAbhidhAnam / abhidhIyate parasmai pratipAdyate aneneti 'abhidhAnam' vacanam, tasmAjjAtaH samyagarthanirNayaH 'parArtham' anumAnaM paropadezApekSaM sAdhyavijJAnamityarthaH // 1 // 3-nanu vacanaM parArthamanumAnamityAhustatkathamityAha vacanamupacArAt // 2! 1-svArthAnumAna ke lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai / aba kramaprApta parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa kahate haiM sUtrArtha-pUrvokta sAdhana kebo lane se utpanna hone kAlA ( samyagarthanirNaya )parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai // 1 // 2-pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki jisakA sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva ho vaha sAdhana hai, usa sAdhana ko vacana dvArA kahane se dUsare ko samyagartha kA nirNaya hotA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki paropadeza se ( dUsare ke kathana se ) utpanna hone vAlA sAdhya kA jJAna parAnumAna kahalAtA hai| 3-zaMkA-Apane paropadeza se hone vAle sAdhyajJAna ko anumAna kahA hai, kintu paropadeza arthAt bacanoM ko bhI anumAna kahA jAtA hai,so kaise ? isakA samAdhAna karate haiM sUtrArtha--vacana upacAra se parArthAnumAna hai // 2 //
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________________ 112 pramANamImAMsA 4-acetanaM hi vacanaM na sAkSAtpramitiphalaheturiti na nirupacaritapramANabhAvabhAjanam, mukhyAnumAnahetutvena tUpacaritAnumAnAbhidhAnapAtratA pratipadyate / upacArazcAtra kAraNe kAryasya / yathoktasAdhanAt tadviSayA smRtirutpadyate, smRtezcAnumAnam, tasmAdanumAnasya paramparayA yathoktasAdhanAbhidhAnaM kAraNam, tasmin kAraNe vacane kAryasyAnumAnasyopacAraH samAropaH kriyate / tataH samAropAt kAraNaM vacanamanumAnazabdenocyate / kArye vA pratipAdakAnumAnajanye vacane kAraNasyAnumAnasyopacAraH / vacanamaupacArikamanumAnaM na mukhyamityarthaH / 5-iha ca mukhyArthabAdhe prayojane nimitte copacAraH pravartate / tatra mukhyo'rthaH sAkSAtpramitiphalaH samyagarthanirNayaH pramANazabdasamAnAdhikaraNasya parArthAnumAnazabdasya, tasya bAdhA, vacanasya nirNayatvAnupapatte : / prayojanam anumAnAvayavAH pratijJAdaya iti zAstre vyavahAra eva, nirNayAtmanyanaMze tadvyavahArAnupapatteH / nimittaM tu nirNayAtmakAnumAnahetutvaM vacanasyeti // 2 // .. 4-vacana paudgalika hone se acetana hai / vaha pramiti kA sAkSAt kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA aura isa kAraNa mukhya rUpa se pramANa bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kintu mukhya anumAna (svArthAnumAna) kA kAraNa hone se usameM upacarita anumAna kI pAtratrA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI ko sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo jJAna huA,vaha svArthAnumAna yA mukhyAnumAna kahalAyA; tatpazcAt usane kisI dUsare ko bodha karAne ke lie use vacanoM dvArA prakaTa kiyaa| vacanoM ke prayoga se dUsare ko anumiti utpanna huI / vahI parArthAnumAna hai kintu upacAra se vaha vacana bhI parArthAnumAna hai / yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra--Aropa hai / ataeva parArthAnumAna kA kAraNa vacana anumAnazabda se kahA gayA hai / athavA kArya meM kAraNa kA upacAra hai kyoMki pratipAdaka ke svArthAnumAna se utpanna hue vacanarUpa kArya meM kAraNa kA anumAna kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / tAtparya itanA hI hai ki vacana upacAra se hI anumAna kahalAtA hai / vaha mukhya anumAna nahIM hai| 5-jaba mukhya artha meM bAdhA AtI ho, kintu koI prayojana tathA nimitta ho taba upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / parArthAnumAna kA mukhya artha hai-pramiti ko sAkSAt rUpa se utpanna karane vAlA samyagarthanirNaya / yaha artha mAnane se hI 'pramANa' zabda ke sAtha usakI samAnAdhikaraNatA ho sakatI hai| kintu vacana jaDa hone se nirNaya (nizcayAtmaka jJAna) nahIM ho sakatA / yaha mukhya artha meM bAdhA huI / kintu prayojana yaha hai ki zAstra meM pratijJA hetu Adi anumAna ke avayava kahe gaye haiM / agara vacanAtmaka parArthanumAna na mAnA jAya to pratijJA Adi ko anumAna kA avayada nahIM kahA jA sakatA / raha gayA nimitta, so vaha yaha hai ki vacana nirNayAtmaka anumAna kA kAraNa hotA hai,isa prakAra mukhya artha meM bAdhA prayojana aura nimitta hone se vacana meM anumAna kA upacAra hotA haiM // 2 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 113 tad dvadhA // 3 // 6-'tad' vacanAtmakaM parArthAnumAnaM 'dvedhA' dviprakAram // 3 // 7-prakArabhedamAha tathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhedAt // 4 // 8-'tathA' sAdhye satyeva 'upapattiH' sAdhanasyetyekaH prakAraH, 'anyathA' sAdhyAbhAve 'anupapattiH' ceti dvitIyaH prakAraH / yathA agnimAnayaM parvataH tathaiva dhUmavattvopapatteH, anyathA dhUmavattvAnupapattervA / etAvanmAtrakRtaH parArthAnumAnasya bhedo na pAramArthikaH sa iti bhedapadena darzayati // 4 // 9-etadevAha nAnayogtAtparye bhedaH // 5 // 10-'na' 'anayoH' tathopapattyanyathAnupapattirUpayoH prayogaprakArayoH 'tAtparye' 'yatparaH zabdaH sa zabdArthaH' ityevaMlakSaNe tatparatve, 'bhedaH' vizeSaH / etaduktaM bhavati anyadabhidheyaM zabdasyAnyat kAdayaM prayojanam / tatrAbhidheyApekSayA vAcakatvaM bhidyte| prakAzyaM tvabhinnam, anvaye kathite vyatirekamatirvyatireke cAnvayagatirityubhayatrApi sUtrArtha--vaha do prakAra kA hai // 3 / 6-vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna do prakAra kA hai // 3 // 7- ve prakAra bheda nimna haiM sUtrArtha--1-tathapapatti,2-anyathAnupapatti // 4 // 8-sAdhya ke hone para hI sAdhana kA honA tathopapatti hai aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva honA 'anyathAnupapatti, hai| yathA-yaha parvata agnimAn hai kyoMki agnimAna hone para hI dhamavAna ho sakatA hai (yaha tathopapatti hai)| agnimAna na hone para dhamavAna nahIM ho sakatA (yaha anyathAnupapatti hai)|praarthaanumaan ke jo do bheda kahe haiM,unameM itanA sA hI antara hai| koI vAstavika bheda nahIM hai|||4|| 9- isI bAta ko nimna sUtra meM bhI kahate haiMsUtrArtha-tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ke artha meM bheda nahIM hai // 5 // tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti yaha do prayoga ke prakAra haiN| ina donoM ke tAtparya meM koI antara nahIM hai / zabda kA jo para-prakRSTa artha hai vaha tAtparya kahalAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki zabda kA vAcya alaga hotA hai aura prakAzya-prayojana alaga hotA hai / yahA~ vAcya kI apekSA se vAcakatva meM bheda ho jAtA hai,phira bhI prakAzya (Azaya) eka hI hai / anvaya (tathopapatti) ke kahane se vyatireka (anyathAnupapatti) kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura vyatirekake kahanese anvayakA jJAna hojAtA hai anvaya aura vyatireka donoM kA Azaya sAdhana ke sAtha sAdhya kA avinAbhAva prazita karanA hai
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________________ 114 pramANamImAMsA sAdhanasya sAdhyAvinAbhAvaH prakAzyate / na ca yatrAbhidheyabhedastatra tAtparyabhedo'pi / nahi pIno devadatto divA na bhuGkte, pIno devadatto rAtrau bhuGkte ityanayorvAkyayo. rabhidheyabhedo'stIti tAtparyeNApi bhettavyamiti bhAvaH // 5 // 11-tAtparyAbhedasyaiva phalamAha ata eva nobhayoH prayogaH // 6 // 12-yata eva nAnayostAtparye bhedaH 'ata eva nobhayoH' tathopapattyanyathAnupapa tyoryugapat 'prayogaH' yuktaH / vyAptyupadarzanAya hi tathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAM hetoH prayogaH kriyate / vyAptyupadarzanaM caikayaiva siddhamiti viphalo dvayoH prayogaH / yadAha "hetostathopapattyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathApi vaa| dvividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti ||(nyaayaa017) 13-nanu yadyekenaiva prayogeNa hetoAptyuira darzanaM kRtamiti kRtaM viphalena dvitIyaprayogeNa; tahi pratijJAyA api mA bhUt prayogo viphalatvAt / nahi pratijJAmAtrAt kazcidarthaM pratipadyate, tathA sati hi vipratipattireva na syAdityAha viSayopadarzanArthaM tu pratijJA // 7 // (anvaya kA vAcya vidhi aura vyatireka kA vAcya niSedha hai ) magara aisI koI bAta nahIM ki jahA~ vAcya kA bheda ho vahA~ tAtparya meM bhI bheda honA hI cAhie / yaha meTA tAjA devadatta dina meM bhojana nahIM karatA, aura 'yaha moTA tAjA devadatta tri meM bhojana karata hai ina donoM meM vAcya bheda to hai magara tAtparya meM bheda nahIM / / 5 / / 11-tAtparya bheda-- abheda kA phalasUtrArtha-ataeva denoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA // 6 / / 12--tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ke tAtparya meM bheda nahIM hai,isa kAraNa donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga karanA ucita nahIM hai / tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ke dvArA hetu kA jo prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usakA prayojana vyApti ko dikhalAnA hI hai aura yaha prayojana donoM meM se kisI bhI eka ke prayoga se siddha ho jAtA hai| ataeva donoM kA prayoga karanA niSphala hai / kahA bhI hai 'hetu kA prayoga yA to tayopapatti se hotA hai yA anyathAnupapatti se hotA hai / donoM meM se kisI bhI eka se sAdhya ko siddhi ho jAtI hai| 13-zaMkA--do meM se kisI eka prayoga se hI yadi hetu kI vyApti kA jJAna ho jAtA hai isa kAraNa dUsarA prayoga niSphala hai aura AvazyakatA nahIM hai to niSphala hone ke kAraNa hI pratijJA kA prayoga bhI nahIM karanA caahie| pratijJA mAtra se hI koI kisI artha ko svIkAra nahIM kara letA / yadi svIkAra kara letA hotA to koI vivAda ho na rahatA / isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna agale sUtra meM karate haiM-- saMtrArtha-pratijJA viSaya ke upadarzana ke lie hotI hai // 6 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 14-'viSayaH'yatra tathopapattyAnyathAnupapattyA vA hetuH svasAdhyasAdhanAya prArthyate, tasya 'upadarzanam' parapratItAvAropaNaM tadarthaM punaH 'pratijJA' prayoktavyeti zeSaH / 15-ayamarthaH-parapratyAyanAya vacanamuccArayatA prekSAvatA tadeva pare bodhayitavyA yadabhutsante / tathAsatyanena bubhutsitAbhidhAyinA pare bodhitA bhavanti / na khalvazvAn pRSTo gavayAn bruvANaH praSTuravadheyavacano bhavati / anavadheyavacanazca kathaM pratipAdako naam?| yathA ca zaikSo bhikSuNAcacakSe-bhoH zaikSa, piNDapAtamAhareti / sa evamAcarAmItyanabhidhAya yadA tadarthaM prayatate tadA'smai krudhyati bhikSuH-AH ziSyAbhAsa, bhikSukheTa, asmAnavadhIrayasIti vibruvANaH / evamanityaM zabdaM bubhutsamAnAya anityaH zabda iti viSayamanupadarya yadeva kiJciducyate-kRtakatvAditi vA, yat kRtakaM tadanityamiti vA, kRtaphatvasya tathaivopapatteriti vA,kRtakatvasyAnyathAnupapatteriti vA,tat sarvamasyAnapekSitamApAtato'sambaddhAbhidhAnabuddhyA; tathA cAnavahito na borbumarhatIti / 16-yat kRtakaM tat sarvana nityaM yathA ghaTaH, kRtakazca zabda iti vacanamarthasAmarthyenaivApekSitazabdAnityatvanizcAyakamityavadhAnamatreti cet ; na, parasparAzrayAt / 14- jisa sthala meM apane sAdhya ko siddha karane ke lie tathopapatti yA anyathAnupapatti ke dvArA hetu kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha sthala yahA~ viSaya kahA gayA hai, usa sthala ko dUsare ko samajhAne ke lie pratijJA kA prayoga karanA caahie| 15-Azaya yaha hai-dUsare ko samajhAne ke lie vacana prayoga karane vAle vaktA kA kartavya hai ki vaha vahI samajhAe jo dUsare samajhanA cAhate hoN| aisA karake vaha dUsaroM ko samajhA sakatA hai / azva ke viSaya meM pUchA jAya aura gavaya ke viSaya meM jo uttara de, usake vacanoM se kucha nizcaya nahIM hotaa| aisA vaktA kisa kAma kA ? usake vacana grAhya nahIM ho skte| eka bhikSu ne apane ziSya se kahA-'AhAra-pAnI le aao|' vaha ziSya 'lAtA haiM' aisA kahe binA hI jaba AhAra-pAnI ke lie prayatna karatA hai, taba bhikSu usapara krodha karatA aura niMdA karatA hai-- are ziSyAbhAsa ! nIca bhikSu ! tU hamArI avahelanA karatA hai ? __ isI prakAra jo vyakti zabda kI anityatA ko samajhanA cAhatA hai, usake samakSa 'zabda anitya hai' aisA kahe binA hI yadi vaktA anyAnya bAteM kahatA hai, jaise- 'kRtaka hone se,' 'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai', 'aisA hone para hI kRtakatA ho sakatI hai', 'anyathA kRtakatA nahIM ho sakatI' ityAdi, to yaha saba vAkya usake lie anapekSita haiM, kyoMki ApAtataH vaha asambaddha aprAsaMgika-se pratIta hote haiM / asAvadhAna zrotA ko aise vacanoM se koI bodha prApta nahIM hotaa| 16--zaMkA--'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha saba anitya hotA hai, jaise ghaTa, zabda bhI kRtaka hai' isa prakAra kA vacanaprayoga artha ke sAmarthya se zabda kI anityatA kA nizcAyaka ho jAtA hai' yahI avadhAna yahA~ para hai, aisA nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki isameM anyonyAzraya doSa aayegaa|
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________________ 116 pramANamImAMsA avadhAne hi satyato'rtha nizcayaH, tasmAccAvadhAnamiti / na ca parSatprativAdinau pramANIkRtavAdinau yadetadvacanasambandhAya prayatiSyate / tathAsati na hetvAdyapekSeyAtAm tadavacanAdeva tadarthanizcayAt / anityaH zabda iti tvapekSite ukte kuta ityAzaGkAyAM kRtakatvasya tathaivopapatteH kRtakatvasyAnyathAnupapattervetyupatiSThate, tadidaM viSayopadarzanA. rthatvaM pratijJAyA iti // 7 // 17-nanu yat kRtakaM tadanityaM yathA ghaTaH, kRtakazca zabda ityukte gamyata etad anityaH zabda iti tasya sAmarthyalabdhatvAta,tathApi tadvacane punaruktatvaprasaGgAt, "arthAdApannasya svazabdena punarvacanaM punaruktam"[nyAyasU 5. 2. 15] / Aha ca DiNDikarAgaM parityajyAkSiNI nimIlya cintaya tAvat kimiyatA pratItiH syAnnaveti, bhAve kiM prapaJcamAlayA( hetu pari0 1) ityAhagamyamAnatve'pi sAdhyadharmAdharasandehApanodAya dharmiNi pakSadharmopasaMhAravat tadupapattiH // 8 // 18-sAdhyameva dharmastasyAdhArastasya sandehastadapanodAya-yaH kRtakaH so'nitya avadhAna hone para vacana se artha kA nizcaya ho aura arthanizcaya se avadhAna ho| zaMkA--vAdI ko pramANita karane vAle parSana aura prativAdI vAdo ke vacana kA saMbandha joDane ke lie prayatna kareMge, samAdhAna-aisA hone para parSata aura prativAdI haitu Adi ko apekSA nahIM kareMge balki unake vacana se hI artha kA nizcaya kara leMge / zabda anitya hai aitA kahane para ,vaha kaise' aisI AzaMkA upasthita hone para kRtakatva tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai athavA kRtakatva anyathA ho nahIM sakatA aisA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai isa prakAra viSaya dikhalAne ke liye pratijJA kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| 17-zaMkA--jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai, jaise ghaTa, zabda bhI kRtaka hai aisA kahane, para sAmarthya se hI (arthAt pakSa kA prayoga kiye binA hI) :zabda anitya' hai aisA jJAna ho jAtA hai, phira bhI 'zabda anitya hai esA pakSaprayoga karane se punarukti doSa hotA hai / jo viSaya artha ke sAmarthya se hI vidita ho jAya use zabda dvArA punaH kahanA punarukti hai| kahA bhI hai-DiDikarAga (lAla raMga ke maSika ke samAna A~khoM ko lAlimA) ko tyAga kara arthAt zAnta hokara yA netroMko nirmala karake vicAra karo ki apane (pUrvokta) kathana se zabda anitya hai, aisI pratI. ti ho jAtI hai yA nahIM? agara ho jAtI hai to phira vistAra karane se kyA lAbha hai ? bauddha ko isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie kahate haiM sUtrArtha-sAdhya dharma ke AcArasaMbaMdhI sandeha kA nivAraNa karane ke lie gamyamAna bhI dharmIpakSa kA uccAraNa karanA yogya hai, jaise upanaya kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai // 8 // 18-'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai| isa prakAra kahane para bhI dharmo (pakSa) ke
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 117 ityukte'pi dharmiviSayasandeha eva-kimanityaH zabdo ghaTo veti?, tannirAkaraNAya gamyamAnasyApi sAdhyasya nirdezo yuktaH, sAdhyamiNi sAdhanadharmAvabodhanAya pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanavat / yathA hi sAdhyavyAptasAdhanadarzanena tadAdhArAvagatAvapi niyatamisambandhitApradarzanArtham-kRtakazca zabda iti pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanaM tathA sAdhyasya viziSTamisambandhitAvabodhanAya pratijJAvacanamapyupapadyata eveti // 8 // 19-nanu prayogaM prati vipratipadyante vAdinaH, tathAhi-pratijJAhetUdAharaNAnIti tryavayavamanumAnamiti sAGkhyAH / sahopanayena caturavayavamiti mImAMsakAH / sahanigamanena paJcAvayavamiti naiyAyikAH / tadevaM vipratipattau kIdRzo'numAnaprayoga ityAha etAvAn prekSaprayogaH // 9 // viSaya meM sandeha banA hI rahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai yA ghaTa ? kisameM anityatA siddha kI jA rahI hai ? ataeva sAdhya ke AcArasaMbaMdhI saMdeha ko dUra karane ke lie pakSa kA kathana karanA hI ucita hai / jaise pakSa meM sAdhana ko samajhAne ke lie upanaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai arthAt 'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai,isaprakAra sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI sAdhana ko pradarzita karane se sAdhana kA AdhAra pratIta ho jAtA hai, phira bhI niyata pakSa ke sAtha sAdhana kA saMbaMdha dikhalAne ke lie ,zabda bhI kRtaka hai, isa prakAra upanaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtAhai' usI prakAra sAdhya kA niyata pakSa ke sAtha sambandha dikhalAne ke lie pratijJA kA bhI prayoga karanA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki boTa parArthAnamAna meM pratijJA ke prayoga ko anAvazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI yakti yaha hai ki vyAptiparvaka upanaya kA prayoga karane se hI pakSa (sAdhya ke Adha kA patA cala jAtA hai, phira usako alaga kahane se kyA lAbha hai? isakA uttara yaha diyA gayA hai ki vyApti ke prayoga se sAdhana ke AdhAra kA patA cala jAne para bhI use amuka dharmo meM nizcita rUpase samajhAne ke lie Apa upanaya kA prayoga karate haiM, kyoMki upanaya ke vinA yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki sAdhana kA AdhAra kyA hai? isI prakAra sAdhya ke nizcita AdhAra ko pradazita karane ke lie pratijJA kA prayoga karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / yadi pratijJA kA prayoga na kiyA jAegA to kaise patA calegA ki sAdhya kisa jagaha sAdhA jArahA hai ? ataeva pratijJA kA prayoga karanA bhI Avazyaka hI hai // 8 // 19-zaMkA-prayoga ke viSaya meM vAdiyoM kA matabheda hai / yathA-sAMkhyoM kA kathana hai ki anumAna ke tIna avayava haiM-pratijJA, hetu aura udAharaNa / mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra pUrvokta tIna ke sAtha upanaya bhI anumAna kA avayava hai / nayAyika inameM nigamana ko sammilita karake pA~ca avayava kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI mata vibhinnatA meM anumAna prayoga kisa prakAra kA mAnanA cAhie? isakA samAdhAna karane ke lie kahate haiM: sUtrArtha-prekSAvAn pratipAdya ke lie itanA hI anumAna prayoga hai // 9 //
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________________ 118 pramANamImAMsA 20- etAvAn' eva yaduta tathopapattyAnyathAnupapattyA vA yuktaM sAdhanaM pratijJA 'tha / 'prekSAya' prekSAvate pratipAdyAya tadavabodhanArthaH ' prayogaH' na tvadhiko yathAhuH sAGkhyAdayaH, nApi hIno yathAhuH saugatAH - "viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevala:" (pramANavA0 1,28 ) iti // 9 // 21- nanu parArthapravRttaiH kAruNikairyathAkathaJcit pare pratibodhayitavyA nAsadvyavasthopanyAsairamISAM pratibhAbhaGgaH karaNIyaH, tatkimucyate etAvAn prekSaprayogaH ?, ityAzaGkaya dvitIyamapi prayogakramamupadarzayati / bodhyAnurodhAtpratijJAhetUdAharaNApanayanigamanAni paJcApi // 10 // 22 - 'bodhyaH' ziSyastasya 'anurodha:' tadavabodhanapratijJApAratantryaM tasmAt pratijJAdIni paJcApi prayoktavyAni / etAni cAvayavasaJjJayA procyante / yadakSapAda:"pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH " (yasU0, 1, 132 ) iti / 'api, zabdAt pratijJAdInAM zuddhayazca paJca bodhyAnurodhAt prayoktavyAH / yacchrIbhadrabAhusvAmipU jyapAdAH - " katthaI paJcAvayavaM dasahA vA savvahANa paDikuTTha ti" ( daza0 ni051 ) | 20- tathopapatti athavA anupapatti se yukta sAdhana kA tathA pratijJA kA prayoga karanA, itanA hI buddhimAn pratipAdya ko samajhAne ke lie anumAna kA prayoga ucita hai / sAMkhya Adi ke kathanAnusAra na to isase adhika prayoga karanA cAhie aura na bauddhoM ke kathanAnusAra kama hI prayoga karanA caahie| jaisA ki unakA kathana hai- 'vidvAnoM ke lie akele hetu kA hI prayoga karanA cAhie // 9 // 21- paropakAra meM pravRtta karuNAzIla puruSoM ko jisa prakAra saMbhava ho, dUsaroM ko pratibodha denA cAhie, asat vyavasthA kA upanyAsa karake unakI pratIti ko bhaMga nahIM karanA cAhie / to phira Apa aisA kyoM kahate haiM ki buddhimAnoM ke prati pratijJA aura hetu kA hI prayoga karanA cAhie? isa prakAra kI AzaMkA karake dUsarA prayogakrama batalAte haiM sUtrArtha - ziSya ke anurodha se pratijJA, hetu udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana, ina pA~coM avayavoM kA prayoga karanA cAhie // 10 // 22- bodhya arthAt ziSya / anurodha arthAt usako samajhAne kI pratijJA kI parataMtratA / tAtparya yaha hai ki pratipAdaka pratipAdya ko vastusvarUpa samajhA dene ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hotA hai, eva yadi AvazyakatA pratIta ho to pratijJA Adi pA~coM avayavoM kA prayoga bhI karanA caahie| pratijJA Adi pA~coM 'avayava' kahalAte haiM / akSapAda ne bhI inheM avayava hI kahA hai. yathA- 'pratijJA hetUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH' | sUtra meM prayukta 'api' zabda se yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki yadi ziSya ko samajhAne ke lie Avazyaka ho to pratijJA Adi avayavoM kI pA~ca zuddhiyoM kA bhI prayoga karanA caahie| pUjyapAda zrIbhadrabAhu svAmI ne kahA hai-kahIM-kahIM pA~ca avayavavAlA athavA dasa avayava vAlA bhI parArthAnumAna hotA hai / usakA sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai // 10 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 23- tatra pratijJAyA lakSaNamAha sAdhyanirdezaH pratijJA // 11 // 119 54 - sAdhyaM siSAdhayiSitadharmaviziSTo dharmo, nirdizyate aneneti nirdezo vacanam sAdhyasya nirdezaH sAdhyanirdeza:' pratijJA pratijJAyate'nayeti kRtvA, yathA ayaM pradezo'gnimAniti // 11 // 25- hetuM lakSayati sAdhanatvAbhivyaJjakavibhaktyantaM sAdhanavacanaM hetuH // 12 // 26 - sAdhanatvAbhivyaJjikA vibhaktiH paJcamI tRtIyA vA, tadantam ' sAdhanasya uktalakSaNasya 'vacanam' hetuH / dhUma ityAdirUpasya hetutvanirAkaraNAya prathamaM padam / avyAptavacanahetutvanirAkaraNAya dvitIyamiti / sa dvividhastathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAm tadyathA dhUmasya tathaivopapatterdhUmasyAnyathAnupapatterveti // 12 // 27- udAharaNaM lakSayati dRSTAntavacanamudAharaNam ||13|| 23 pratijJA kA lakSaNa - sUtrArtha -sAdhya kA nirdeza karanA pratijJA hai / 24 - jise siddha karanA iSTa hai usa dharma se yukta dharmo ko yahA~ 'sAdhya, samajhanA cAhie usa sAdhya ko kahanA pratijJA kahalAtA hai / jaise 'yaha pradeza agnimAn hai / 'yahA~ agnimattva dharma siddha karanA iSTa hai aura usa dharma se yukta dharmoM 'yaha pradeza, hai / isa prakAra sAdhya dharmo kA kathana 'pratijJA hai // 11 // 25-hetu kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha-sAdhanatva ko prakaTa karane vAlI vibhakti jisake anta meM ho aisA sAdhana kA kathana ' hetu, kahalAtA hai // 12 // 26-sAdhanatva ko prakaTa karane vAlI vibhakti paMcamI athavA tRtIyA mAnI gaI hai / ina donoM meM se kisI vibhakti vAle tathA pUrvokta lakSaNa se yukta sAdhana kA kathana karanA hetu hai / 'dhUma, itanA mAtra kaha denA hetu nahIM hai / isa bAta ko prakaTa karane ke lie sAdhanatvAbhivyaJjaka vibhaktyantam, isa pada kA prayoga kiyA hai aura sAdhya ke sAtha jisakI vyApti na ho vaha hetu nahIM ho sakatA, yaha batalAne ke lie 'sAdhana vacana, isa pada kA prayoga kiyA hai / aisA hetu tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ke bheda se do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai' jaise 'kyoMki dhUma agni ke hone para hI ho sakatA hai ( tathopapatti) aura 'kyoMki dhUma agni ke abhAva meM nahIM ho sakatA ( anyathAnupapatti) // 12 // 27-- udAharaNa kA lakSaNa - sUtrArtha - dRSTAnta kA kathana udAharaNa kahalAtA hai // 31 //
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________________ 120 pramANamImAMsA 28-'dRSTAntaH uktalakSaNastatpratipAdakaM 'vacanam' 'udAharaNam' tadapi dvividhaM dRSTAntabhedAt / sAdhanadharmaprayuktasAdhyadharmayogI sAdharmyadRSTAntastasya vacanaM sAdharyodAharaNam, yathA yo dhUmavAn so'gnimAn yathA mahAnasapradezaH / sAdhyadharmanivRttiprayuktasAdhanadharmanivRttiyogI vaidharmyadRSTAntastasya vacanaM vaidharyodAharaNam,yathA yo'gninivRttimAn sa dhUmanivRttimAn yathA jalAzayapradeza iti // 13 // 29-upanayalakSaNamAha dharmiNi sAdhanasyopasaMhAra upnyH||14|| 30-dRSTAntardhAmaNi visRtasya sAdhanadharmasya sAdhyamiNi yaH 'upasaMhAraH' saH 'upanayaH' upasaMhniyate'nenopanIyate'neneti vacanarUpaH, yathA dhUmavAMzcAyamiti // 14 // 31-nigamanaM lakSayati sAdhyamya nigamanam // 15 // 32-sAdhyadharmasya miNyupasaMhAro nigamyate pUrveSAmavayavAnAmartho'neneti 'nigamanama', yathA tasmAdagnimAniti / ____33-ete nAntarIyakatvapratipAdakA vAkyaikadezarUpAH paJcAvayavAH / eteSAmeva 28-dRSTAnta kA svarUpa pahale kahA jA cukA hai| usakA pratipAdaka vacana udAharaNa kahalAtA hai / dRSTAnta ke do bheda hone se udAharaNa ke bhI do bheda haiN| sAdhanadharma ke hone ke kAraNa jo sAdhyadharmavAlA ho, vaha sAdharmyadRSTAnta kahA gayA hai aura usakA pratipAdaka vacana sAdharyodA. haraNa hai| jaise-jo jodhUmavAn hotA hai vaha vaha agnimAna hotA hai,jaise paakshaalaa|saadhy ke abhAva ke kAraNa jahA~ sAdhana kA abhAva ho, vaha vadharmyadRSTAnta kahA jA cakA hai| usakA pratipAdaka vacana vaidhodAharaNa hai / jaise jahA~ agni nahIM hotI vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hotaa| jaise jalAzaya-- tAlAba vagairaha // 13 // 29-upanaya kA svarUpa-sUtrArtha--pakSa meM sAdhana ko doharAnA upanaya hai / 14 // 30-sapakSa meM phaile hue sAdhana kA pakSa meM upasaMhAra karanA upanaya kahalAtA hai| jisa vacana ke dvArA upasaMharaNa yA upanayana-prApaNa kiyA jAya vaha upasaMhAra yA upanaya hai / arthAt vyApti bolane ke pazcAt pakSa meM hetu ko doharAnA upanaya hai| jaise 'parvata bhI dhUmavAn hai // 14 // 31-nigamana kA lakSaNa--sUtrArtha-sAdhya kA pakSa meM doharAnA nigamana hai| 32-pahale bole hue samasta avayavoM kA prayojana jisase nigamita-nizcita hotA hai use nigamana samajhanA caahie| jaise 'isa kAraNa agnimAn hai| 33-parArthAnumAna ke yaha pA~ca avayava haiM,jo avinAbhAva ke pratipAdaka haiN| (1)-parvata meM agni hai (pratijJA) (2) kyoMki parvata meM dhUma hai (hetu) (3) (jahA~ dhUma hotA hai vahA~ agni hotI hai, (vyApti) jaise pAkazAlA (udAharaNa) (4) isa parvata meM bhI dhUma hai (upanaya) (5) isa kAraNa parvata meM agni hai (nigamana)
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 121 zuddhayaH paJca / yato na zaGkitasamAropitadoSAH paJcApyavayavAH svAM svAmanAdInadhAmarthaviSayAM dhiyamAdhAtumalamiti pratijJAdInAM taM taM doSamAzaGkaya tatparihArarUpAH paJcaiva zuddhayaH prayoktavyA iti dazAvayavamidamanumAnavAkyaM bodhyAnurodhAt prayoktavyamiti // 15 // ___34-iha zAstre yeSAM lakSaNamuktaM te tallakSaNAbhAve tadAbhAsAH suprasiddhA eva / yathA pramANasAmAnyalakSaNAbhAve saMzayaviparyayAnadhyavasAyAH pramANAbhAsAH, saMzayAdilakSaNAbhAve saMzayAdyAbhAsAH,pratyakSalakSaNAbhAve pratyakSAbhAsam,parokSAntargatAnAM smRtyA dInAM svasvalakSaNAbhAve tattadAbhAsatetyAdi / evaM hetUnAmapi svalakSaNAbhAve hetvAbhAsatA sujJAnaiva / kevalaM hetvAbhAsAnAM saGkhyAniyamaH prativyaktiniyataM lakSaNaM neSatkarapratipattIti tallakSaNArthamAha asiddhaviruddhAnekAntikAstrayo hetvAbhAsAH // 16 // 35-ahetavo hetuvadAbhAsamAnAH 'hetvAbhAsAH'asiddhAdayaH / yadyapi sAdhanadoSA evaite aduSTe sAdhane tadabhAvAt, tathApi sAdhanAbhidhAyake hetAvupacArAt pUrvAcAryairabhihitAstatastatprasiddhibAdhAmanAzrayadbhirasmAbhirapi hetudoSatvenaivocyanta iti / inhIM pA~ca avayavoM kI pA~ca zuddhiyA~ hotI haiM,kyoMki ina avayavoM meM doSa kI AzaMkA ho yA doSa kA AropaNa kiyA gayA ho to ve nirdoSa aura nizcita jJAna utpanna nahIM kara sakate / ata-. eva ina avayavoM meM doSa kI AzaMkA karake unakA parihAra karanA cAhie / yahI pA~ca zuddhiyoM kA kathana karanA hai| isa prakAra ziSya ke anurodha se anumAna-vAkya ke dasa avayava ho jAte haiM // 15 // 34-isa zAstra meM jisakA jo lakSaNa kahA hai, usa lakSaNa ke abhAva meM vaha tadAbhAsa ho jAtA hai / jaise pramANasAmAnya ke lakSaNa ke abhAva meM saMzaya viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya pramANAmAsa haiM jisameM saMzaya kA lakSaNa ghaTita na ho vaha saMzayAbhAsa hai| pratyakSa ke lakSaNa ke abhAva meM pratyakSAbhAsa hai, parokSa ke antargata smaraNa Adi meM unakA lakSaNa na pAyA jAya to unheM smaraNAbhAsa Adi samajhanA caahie| isI prakAra hetuoM meM yadi hetu kA pUrvokta lakSaNa na ho to ve hetvAbhAsa ho jAte haiN| hetvAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA aura unake pRthak pRthak lakSaNa ko samajhane meM kucha kaThinAI hotI hai, ataeva unakA yahA~ nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai sUtrArtha-asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika, ye tIna hetvAbhAsa haiM // 16 // 35-jo vastutaH hetu to na hoM kintu hetu ke samAna pratIta hote hoM, ve asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsa kahalAte haiM / yadyapi asiddhatA Adi sAdhana ke doSa haiM, phira bhI pUrvAcAryoMne sAdhana ke vacana rUpa hetu meM upacA ra karake inheM hetvAbhAsa kahA hai / ataH unakI prasiddhi meM koI bAdhA na DAlate hue hamane bhI unheM hetudoSa hI kaha diyA hai /
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________________ 122 pramANamImAMsA ____36-'traya' iti saGkhyAntaravyavacchedArtham / tena kAlAtIta-prakaraNasamayo~vacchedaH / tatra kAlAtItasya pakSadoSeSvantarbhAvaH / "pratyakSAgamabAdhitakarmanirdezAnantaraprayuktaH kAlAtyayApadiSTaH" iti hi tasya lakSaNamiti, yathA anuSNastejo'vayavI kRtakatvAd ghaTavaditi / prakaraNasamastu na sambhavatyeva; nAsti sambhavo yathoktalakSaNe 'numAne prayukte'dUSite vA'numAnAntarasya / yattUdAharaNam -anityaH zabdaH pakSasapakSayoranyataratvAt ityekenokte dvitIya Aha-nityaH zabdaH pakSasapakSayoranyataratvAditi / tadatIvAsAmpratam / ko hi caturaGgasabhAyAM vAdI prativAdI vaivaMvidhamasambaddhamanunmatto'bhidadhIteti ? // 16 // ___37-tatrAsiddhasya lakSaNamAhanAsannanizcitasattvo vA'nyathAnupapanna iti sattvasyAsiddhau sandehe vA'siddhaH // 17 // 38-'asan' avidyamAno 'nAnyathAnupapannaH' iti sattvasyAsiddhau 'asiddhaH' hetvAbhAsaH 36-sUtra meM prayukta traya' pada unakI nyUnAdhika saMkhyA kA vyavaccheda karane ke lie hai| arthAt hetvAbhAsa na tIna se kama haiM, na adhika haiM, yaha pradarzita karane ke lie hai| isa pada se naiyAyikoM ko mAnya kAlAtIta (kAlAtyayApadiSTa) aura prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsoM kA niSedha ho jAtA hai unameM se kAlAtIta hetvAbhAsa kA pakSa ke doSoMmeM hI samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki naiyAyikoM ne pratyakSa aura Agama se bAdhita sAdhyaprayoga ke anantara prayukta hetu ko kAlAtyayApadiSTa kahA hai / jaise teja- avayavI anuSNa hai.1 kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, jaise ghaTa / jisa hetu kA samAna bala vAlA virodhI hetu ho vaha prakaraNa sama hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai, kintu prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsa saMbhava hI nahIM hai / pUrvokta lakSaNa vAle anumAna kA prayoga kiyA jAya aura usako dUSita na kiyA jAya, phira bhI usakA virodha dUsarA anumAna upasthita ho, yaha asaMbhava hai| prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsa kA yaha udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha pakSa aura sapakSa meM se anyatara (koI eka ) hai| isa prakAra vAdI ke kahane para prativAdI kahatA hai|- 'zabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha pakSa aura sapakSa meM se anyatara hai| kintu yaha udAharaNa bahata hI ayukta hai| caturaMga vAdI, prativAdI ,sabhya aura sabhApati se yukta-sabhA meM kauna vAdI yA prativAdI isa prakAra pAgala kI bhA~ti asambaddha bhASaNa karegA? // 16 // 37- asiddha hetvAbhAsa-sUtrArtha-asat aura anizcitasattva hetu anyathAnupapanna nahIM hotA, ataeva sattA ke asiddha athavA sandeha meM vaha asiddha kahalAtA hai // 17 // ___38-asat arthAt avidyamAna hetu meM anyathAnupapatti nahIM hotI, ataeva jisakI sattA ho 1-jainamAnyatA ke anusAra yahIM pakSa meM pratyakSa se bAdhA hai aura yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki pakSa meM bAdhA hone se hetu bhI bAdhita honA hI cAhie /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 123 svarUpAsiddha ityarthaH / yathA anityaH zabdazcAkSuSatvAditi / apakSadharmatvAdayamasiddha iti na mantavyamityAha-nAnyathAnupapannaH' iti / anyathAnupapattirUpahetulakSaNavirahAdayamasiddho nApakSadharmatvAt / nahi pakSadharmatvaM hetorlakSaNaM tadabhAve'pyanyathAnupapattibalAkhetutvopapatterityuktaprAyam / bhaTTopyAha ____ "pitrozca brAhmaNatvena putrbraahmnntaanumaa| . sarvalokaprasiddhA na pakSadharmamapekSate // " iti / 39-tathA 'anizcitasattvaH sandigdhasattvaH nAnyathAnupapannaH' iti sattvasya sandehepyasiddho hetvAbhAsaH sandigdhAsiddha ityrthH| yathA bASpAdibhAvena sandihyamAnA dhUmalatAgnisiddhAvupadizyamAnA, yathA cAtmanaH siddhAvapi sarvagatatve sAdhye sarvatropalabhyamAnaguNatvam, pramANAbhAvAditi // 17 // 40-asiddhaprabhedAnAha vAdiprativAdyubhayabhedAccaitadbhedaH ||18 // siddha nahIM hai vaha svarUpAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| yathA 'zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hai (yahA~ cAkSuSatva hetu zabda meM avidyamAna hai) / kintu yaha cAkSuSatva hetu pakSa meM na rahane se asiddha hai aisA nahIM mAnanA cAhie, yaha pragaTa karane ke lie 'nAnyathAnupapannaH, aisA kahA hai / anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu kA lakSaNa na hone se yaha asiddha hai, pakSadharmatA ke abhAva se nhiiN| kyoMki pakSadharmatA na hone para bhI jahA~ anyathAnupapatti hotI hai vahA~ hetu gamaka hotA hai / ataeva pakSadharmatA hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai / bhaTTa ne bhI kahA hai mAtA pitA ke brAhmaNa hone se putra ke brAhmaNa hone kA anumAna sampUrNa loka meM prasiddha hai, kintu isa anumAna ke lie pakSadharmatA ko apekSA nahIM hotii| tAtparya yaha hai ki mAtA pitA kA brAhmaNatva mAtA pitA meM hI rahatA hai-putra meM nahIM, ataeva yahA~ pakSadharmatA nahIM hai, tathApi loka meM yaha anumAna samIcIna mAnA jAtA hai / ataeva yaha siddha hotA hai ki 'pakSadharmatA' hetu kA svarUpa nahIM hai| 39-tathA jo hetu anizcita (saMdigdha sattvavAlA hotA hai vaha bhI anyathAnupapatti se rahita hone ke kAraNa asiddha kahalAtA hai / use saMdigdhAsiddhahetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise yaha vASpa hai yA dhUma hai aisA sandeha hone para astitva siddha karane ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA dhUma hetu saMdigdhAsiddha hai / AtmA siddha hai tathApi usakI sarvavyApakatA siddha karane ke lie koI aisA hetu prayoga kare-'AtmA sarvavyApaka hai kyoMki usake guNa sarvatra upalabdha hote haiM, yahA~ Atmika guNoM kA sarvatra upalabdha honA saMdigdhAsiddha hai, kyoMki unakI upalabdhi meM koI pramANa nahIM hai // 17 // . 40-asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke bheda-sUtrArtha-vAdI, prativAdI aura ubhaya ke bheda se asiddha hetvAbhAsa meM bhI bheda ho jAtA hai // 18 //
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________________ 124 pramANamImAMsA 41-'vAdI' pUrvapakSasthitaH 'prativAdI' uttarapakSasthitaH ubhayaM dvAveva vAdipra. tivAdinau / tadbhedAdasiddhasya 'bhedaH' / tatra vAdyasiddho yathA pariNAmI zabda utpattimattvAt / ayaM sAGghayasya svayaM vAdino'siddhaH, tanmate utpattimattvasyAnabhyupetatvAt, nAsadutpadyate nApi sadvinazyatyutpAdavinAzayorAvirbhAvatirobhAvarUpatvAditi tatsiddhAntAt / cetanAstaravaH sarvatvagapaharaNe maraNAt / atra maraNaM vijJAnendriyAyunirodhalakSaNaM taruSu bauddhasya prativAdino'siddham / ubhayAsiddhastu cAkSuSatvamuktameva / evaM sandigdhAsiddho'pi vAdiprativAdyubhayabhedAt trividho boddhavyaH // 18 // 42-nanvanye'pi vizeSyAsiddhAdayo hetvAbhAsAH kaizcidiSyante te kasmAnnoktA ityAha 41-pUrvapakSa kA Azraya lene vAlA vAdI aura uttara pakSa karane vAlA prativAdI kahalAtA hai / vAdI aura prativAdI mila kara ubhaya donoM-kahalAte haiN| inake bheda se asiddha hetvAbhAsa meM bhI bheda hote haiM, athAt koI hetu vAdI ko siddha nahIM hotA, koI prativAdI ko nahIM hotaa| aisA hetu anyatarAsiddha kahalAtA hai / koI hetu aisA bhI hotA hai jo donoM ko hI siddha nahIM hotA / vaha ubhayAsiddha kahalAtA hai / ina tInoM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM 1-vAdyasiddha-zabda pariNAmI hai,kyoMki utpattimAn hai yahA~ utpattimAna hai' yaha hetu svayaM vAdI sAMkhya ko asiddha hai,kyoMki sAMkhya kisI padArtha kI utpatti nahIM maantaa| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA / utpatti aura vinAza AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva mAtra hI haiM / arthAt sat padArtha kA AvirbhAva (vyakta) ho jAnA hI usakI utpatti hai aura sat padArtha kA tirobhAva ho jAnA (avyakta ho jAnA)hI vinAza kahalAtA hai - aisA sAMkhya kA siddhAnta hai / (aisI sthiti meM jaba sAMkhya mImAMsaka ke prati kahatA hai ki 'zabda pariNAmI hai kyoMki utpattimAn hai' to yahA~ utpattimattva hetu svayaM usako hI siddha nahIM hai| 2--prativAdyasiddha--vRkSa sacetana haiM, kyoMki samasta tvacA haTA lene para unakA maraNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra kahane para prativAdI bauddha ko yaha hetu asiddha hai| vijJAna iMdriya aura Ayu kA nirodha honA maraNa kahalAtA hai aura bauddha ko bRkSoM kA aisA maraNa siddha nahIM hai| 3-ubhayAsiddha-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hai / yahA~ zabda kI cAkSuSatA na vAdI ko siddha hai, na prativAdI ko| sandigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa bhI vAdI prativAdI aura ubhaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA samajha lenA cAhie / arthAt jisa hetu kI sattA ke viSaya meM vAdI yA prativAdo ko saMdeha ho vaha anyatarasaMdigdhAsiddha kahalAtA hai aura jisakI sattA donoM ke lie saMdigdha ho vaha ubhaya saMdigdhAsikha kahalAtA hai // 18 // 42-vizeSyAsiddha, vizeSaNAsiddha Adi anya hetvAbhAsa dUsaroM ne mAne haiN| unakA kathana Apane kyoM nahIM kiyA? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 125 vizeSyAsiddhAdInAmeSvevAntarbhAvaH // 19 // 43-'eSveva' vAdiprativAdyubhayAsiddheSveva / tatra vizeSyAsiddhAdaya udaahiynte| vizeSyAsiddho yathA anityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavattve sati cAkSuSatvAt / vizeSaNAsiddho yathA anityaH zabdaH cAkSuSatve sati sAmAnya vizeSavatvAt / bhAgAsiddho yathA anityaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvAt / AzrayAsiddho yathA asti pradhAnaM vizvapariNAmitvAt / AzrayaikadezAsiddho yathA nityAH pradhAnapuruSezvarAH akRtakatvAt / vyarthavizeSyAsiddho yathA anityaH zabdaH kRtakatve sati saamaanyvttvaat| vyarthavizeSaNAsiddho yathA anityaH zabdaH sAmAnyavattve sati kRtakatvAt / sandigdhavizeSyAsiddho yathA adyApi rAgAdiyuktaH kapilaH puruSatve satyadyApyanutpannatattvajJAnatvAt / sandigdhavizeSaNAsiddho yathA adyApi rAgAdiyuktaH kapila, sarvadA tattvajJAnarahitatve sati puruSatvAdityAdi / ete'siddhabhedA yadAnyataravAdyasiddhatvena vivakSyante tadA vAdyasiddhAH prativAdyasiddhA vA sUtrArtha-vizeSyAsiddha Adi kA inhIM meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / 19 // ___43-inhIM meM arthAt pUrvokta vAdI-asiddha, prativAdI-asiddha aura ubhayAsiddha meM vizepyAsiddha Adi kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / vizeSyAsiddha Adi kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai 1-vizeSyAsiddha-zabda anitya hai,kyoMki vaha sAmAnya (zabdatva)vAlA hote hue cAkSuSa hai| yahA~ cAkSuSatva yaha vizeSya hai aura vaha zabda meM siddha nahIM hai| 2-vizeSaNAsiddha-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hote hue sAmAnya-vizeSa zabdatvanAmaka aparasAmAnya vAlA hai| yahA~ hetu kA vizeSaNa cAkSuSa hote hue,yaha asiddha hai| 3-bhAgAsiddha-zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha prayatna janita hai / yahA~ prayatnajanyatva megha-vidyut Adi ke zabdoM meM nahIM hotA, ataeva yaha haitu bhAgAsiddha yA ekadezAsiddha hai (4) AzrayAsiddha-pradhAna (prakRti) hai, kyoMki vaha vizva kA pariNAmI kAraNa hai| (yahA~ hetu kA Azraya-pradhAna naiyAyika Adi ko siddha nahIM hai| (5)AzrayaMkadezAsiddha-pradhAna puruSa aura Izvara nitya haiN| kyoMki ve akRtaka hai| (yahA~ hetu ke tIna Azraya haiM, unameM se naiyAyikAdi ko pradhAna siddha nahIM hai, ataH Azraya kA eka deza asiddha hai| (6)vyarthavizeSyAsiddha-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hote hue sAmAnyavAn hai| (yahA~ 'kyoMki kRtaka hai, itanA hetu hI paryApta thA, sAmAnyavAn kahanA nirarthaka hai' isa prakAra isa hetu kA vizeSya aMza vyartha hone se asiddha hai) (7) vyarthavizeSaNAsiddha-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki sAmAnyavAn hote hue kRtaka hai| (yahA~ sAmAnyavAna hote hue vizeSaNa hai aura kRtakatva vizeSya hai, kintu vizeSaNa nirarthaka hai ) (8) sadigdhavizeSyAsiddha-Aja bhI kapila rAgAdi se yukta hai, kyoMki puruSa hote tattvajJAna utpanna nahIM haA hai| (yahA~ kapila ko tattvajJAna kA utpanna na honA saMdigdha hai)|(9) saMdigdhavizeSaNAsiddha-Aja bhI kapila rAgAdi se yukta hai, kyoMki vaha sarvadA tattvajJAna se rahita hote hue puruSa hai| ( yahA~ pUrvavat vizeSaNa saMdigdha hai|) ye jo asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke bheda kahe gae haiM, inameM se jo vAdI yA prativAdI ko siddha nahIM hai huye unheM tattvajJAna u
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________________ 126 pramANamImAMsA bhavanti / yadobhayavAdyasiddhatvena vivakSyante tadobhayAsiddhA bhavanti // 19 // 44-viruddhasya lakSaNamAha viparItaniyamo'nyathaivopapadyamAno viruddhaH 20 // 45-'viparItaH' yathoktAdviparyasto 'niyamaH' avinAbhAvo yasya sa tathA, tasyavopadarzanam 'anyathaivopapadyamAnaH' iti / yathA nityaH zabdaH kAryatvAt, parArthAzcakSurAdayaH saMghAtatvAcchayanAzanAdyaGgavadityatrAsaMhatapArAyeM sAdhye cakSurAdInAM saMhatatvaM viruddham / buddhimatpUrvakaM kSityAdi kAryatvAdityatrAzarIrasarvajJakartRpUrvakatve sAdhye kAryatvaM viruddhasAdhanAdviruddham / 46-anena ye'nyairanye viruddhA udAhRtAste'pi saGgrahItAH / yathA sati sapane catvAro bhedAH / pakSavipakSavyApako yathA nityaH zabdaH kAryatvAt / pakSavyApako vipakSakadezavRttiryathA ninyaH zabdaH sAmAnyavattve satyasmadAdibAhyendriyagrAhyatvAt / pakSakavaha anyatarAsiddha meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai aura jaba yaha donoM-vAdI aura prativAdI ko siddha nahIM hote to ubhayAsiddha ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra ina sabhI kA pUrvokta asiddha hetvAbhAsoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai // 19 // 44-viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha-jisakA avinAbhAva sAdhya se viparIta ke sAtha ho ataeva jo sAdhya ke vinA hI hotA ho vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai // 20 // .45--pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki sAdhya ke vinA na honA hetu kA lakSaNa hai. kintu jo hetu isase viparIta ho arthAt sAdhya ke vinA hI hotA ho vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / jaisezabda nitya hai kyoMki vaha kArya hai |(kaary hetu nityatva sAdhya se viparIta anityatva ke hone para ho sakatA hai)| cakSu Adi indriyA~ parArtha (AtmArtha) haiM, kyoMki saMghAtarUpa haiM / jaise zayana azana Adi ke aMga / yahA~ asaMhataparArthatA siddha karane ke lie cakSu Adi kI saMhatatA viruddha hai| pRthvI Adi buddhimatkartRka haiM, kyoMki kArya haiM / yahA~ azarIra sarvajJakartRkatA siddha karane ke lie prayukta 'kArya' hetuviruddha hai / kyoMki vaha sazarIra aura asarvajJa kartA ko siddha karatA hai| 46- anya logoM ne viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke jo anya udAharaNa die haiM, una saba kA saMgraha isI lakSaNa se ho jAtA hai / yathA-sapakSa kI vidyamAnatA meM cAra bheda hote haiN| (1)pakSa-vipakSavyApaka-zabda nitya hai, kyoMki kArya hai / ( yahA~ kArya hetu pakSa 'zabda, meM aura vipakSa 'ghaTAdi, meM vyApta hai|) (2) pakSavyApaka aura vipakSakadezavRtti-zabda nitya hai kyoMka vaha sAmAnyavAn hotA huA hamArI bAhya indriya zrotra dvArA 1grAhya hai| (yahA~ hetu pakSa meM vyApta 1-naiyAyika mata ke anusAra jo vastu jisa indriya se grAhya hotI hai , usameM rahane vAlI jAti (sAmAnya) bhI usI indriya dvArA grAhya hotI hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 127 dezavRttivipakSavyApako yathA nityA pRthvI kRtakatvAt / pakSavipakSakadezavRttiryathA nityaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvAt / asati sapakSe catvAro viruddhAH / pakSavipakSavyApako yathA AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaH prameyatvAt / pakSavyApako vipakSakadezavRttiyathA AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdo bAhyendriyagrAhyatvAt pakSakadezavRttivipakSavyApako yathA AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdo'padAtmakatvAt / pakSavipakSakadezavRttiryathA AkAzavizeSaguNaH zabdaHprayatnAnantarIyakatvAt / eSu ca caturSu viruddhatA,pakSakadezavRttiSu,caturyu punarasiddhatA viruddhatA cetyubhayasamAveza iti // 20 // 47-anaikAntikasya lakSaNamAhaniyamasyAsiddhau sandehe vA'nyathApyupapadyamAno'naikAntikaH // 21 // hai| kintu ghaTAdi vipakSoM meM rahatA hai aura dvayaNuka tathA sukha-duHkha Adi vipakSoM meM nahIM rahate ataH vipakSa meM kahIM rahatA hai kahIM nahIM (3) pakSaka-dezavRtti-vipakSavyApaka--jo hetu pakSake eka bhAga meM rahe. dUsare bhAga meM na rahe. kintu vipakSameM vyApta ho kara rhe| jaise pRthvI nitya hai kyoMki kRtaka hai| (yahA~ kRtakatva hetu paramANurUpa pRthvI meM nahIM rahatA, kAryarUpa pRthvI meM rahatA hai ataH pakSakadezavRtti hai, kintu vipakSa-anitya padArthoM meM vyApta hai ) / (4) pakSavipakSakadezavRtti -zabda nitya hai, kyoMki vaha prayatnAntarIyaka hai| (yaha hetu pakSa -zabda ke eka deza meM aura vipakSa (anityapadArthoM ke bhI eka deza meM rahatA hai arthAt ghaTAdi meM rahatA hai, vidyut Adi meM rahatA / sapakSa kI avidyamAnatA meM bhI cAra bheda hote haiM (1) pakSavipakSavyApaka-zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai,kyoMki prameya hai / (yahA~ prameyatva hetu zabda meM vyApta hai aura vipakSa ghaTAdi meM bhI vyApta hokara rahatA hai| sapakSa yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki AkAza kA zabda ke atirikta dUsarA koI vizeSa guNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / isI prakAra Age samajha lenA caahie)| (2) pakSavyApaka vipakSakadezavRtti-zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoMki bAhya indriya (zrotra) ke dvArA grAhya hai| yahAM bAhyendriya grAhyatva pakSa -zabda meM vyApaka rUpa se rahatA hai aura vipakSa meM kahIM rahatA hai kahIM nahIM, ghaTAdi meM rahatA hai, sukha-duHkha meM nahIM) / (3) pakSakadezavRtti-vipakSavyApaka-zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai, kyoMki vaha apadAtmaka hai| (yahA~ apadAtmakatva meghAdi kI dhvani meM rahatA hai, kintu padarUpa zabdasaMyoga meM nahIM rahatA, ataH pakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai kintu vipakSa meM vyApaka rUpa se rahatA hai,kyoMki zabdetara sabhI padArtha apada rUpa hI hote haiN)| (4) pakSavipakSakadezavRtti-zabda AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai kyoMki prayatnAntarIyaka hai ( yahA~ prayatnAntarIyakatva hetu pakSa aura vipakSa ke eka-eka deza meM rahatA hai / ina hetuoM meM se cAra hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa haiM, kintu pakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAle cAra hetu asiddha bhI haiM aura viruddha bhI haiN| inameM donoM doSoM kA samAveza hotA hai // 20 // 47-anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa-sUtrArtha-avinAbhAva niyama ko asiddhi athavA usameM sandeha hone para sAdhya ke vinA bhI hone vAlA hetu anaikAntika kahalAtA hai / // 21 //
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________________ 128 pramANamImAMsA 48-'niyamaH' avinAbhAvastasya 'asiddhau' 'anaikAntikaH' yathA anityaH zabdaH prameyatvAt, prameyatvaM nitye'pyAkAzAdAvastIti / sandehe yathA asarvajJaH kazcid rAgAdimAn vA vaktRtvAt / svabhAvaviprakRSTAbhyAM hi sarvajJatvavItarAgatvAbhyAM na vaktRtvasya virodhaH siddhaH, na ca rAgAdikAyaM vacanamiti sandigdho'nvayaH / ye cAnye'nyaranakAntikabhedA udAhRtAsta uktalakSaNa evAntarbhavanti / pakSatrayavyApako yathA anityaH zabdaH prameyatvAt pakSasapakSavyApako vipakSakadezavRttiryathA gaurayaM viSANitvAt / pakSavipakSavyApakaH sapakSakadezavRttiryathA nAyaM gauH viSANitvAt / pakSavyApakaH sapakSavipakSekadezavRttiryathA anityaH zabdaH pratyakSatvAt / pakSakadezavRttiH sapakSavipakSavyApako yathA na dravyANyAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi kSaNikavizeSaguNarahitatvAt / pakSavipakSa 48-yahA~ niyama kA abhiprAya hai avinAbhAva / vaha siddha na ho to hetu anaikAttika ho jAtA hai| jaise zabda anitya hai. kyoMki vaha prameya hai / yahA~ prameyatva hetu kA avinAbhAva anityatA sAdhya ke sAtha siddha nahIM hai,kyoMki prameyatva AkAza Adi nitya padArthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| sAdhya ke sAtha hetu ke avinAbhAva meM yadi sandeha ho to bhI hetu anaikAntika hotA hai / jaise-amuka puruSa asarvajJa athavA rAgAdimAna hai, kyoMki vaktA hai / svabhAva se hI viprakRSTa sarvajJatA aura vItarAgatA ke sAtha vaktRtva kA virodha siddha nahIM hai arthAt jo vaktA hotA hai vaha sarvajJa nahIM hotA yA vItarAga nahIM hotA, aisA avinAbhAva nizcita nahIM hai,kyoMki vacana rAgAdi yA asarvajJatA kA kArya nahIM hai ataeva yahA~ vaktRtva aura asarvajJatA ko vyApti saMdigdha hai / (isa kAraNa vaktRtva hetu anaikAntika hai|) __ anya logoM ne anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke jo anya bheda kahe haiM ve saba pUrvokta lakSaNa meM hI antargata ho jAte haiN| ve bheda isa prakAra haiM-(1)pakSa, sapakSa,vipakSa meM vyApta ho kara rahane vAlA jaise-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki prameya hai / (yahA~ prameyatva hetu pakSa zabda meM sapakSa ghaTAdi meM aura vipakSa AtmA Adi meM vyApta hai) / (2)-pakSa aura sapakSa meM vyApta tathA vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA, jaise yaha pazu gau hai kyoMki saMga vAlA hai / (yahA~ zRMgavattva hetu saba gauoM meM rahatA hai kintu vipakSa meM kahIM rahatA hai, kahIM nahIM-mahiSa Adi meM rahatA hai, azvAdi meM nahIM / (3)pakSa aura vipakSa meM vyApaka tathA sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA, jaise-yaha gau nahIM hai, kyoMki sIMga vAlA hai / (yahA~ hetu pakSa meM vyApta hai, vipakSa gauoM meM vyApta hai kintu sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai-mahiSAdi meM hai, azvAdi meM nhiiN| )(4)-pakSa meM vyApaka, sapakSa aura vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA, yathA-zabda anitya hai kyoMki pratyakSa hai / (yaha hetu pakSa zabda meM vyApaka hai, sapakSa dvayaNukAdi meM nahIM rahatA ghaTAdi meM rahatA hai, vipakSa sAmAnya meM rahatA hai, AkAza meM nhiiN|) (5) pakSa ke eka bhAga meM rahane vAlA kintu sapakSa aura vipakSameM vyApaka, jaise-AkAza kAAla, dika aura mana dravya nahIM haiM kyoMki kSaNika vizeSa guNa se rahita haiN| (yaha hetu pakSa ke eka deza meM nahIM rahatA, kyoMki AtmA meM sukha aura AkAza meM zabda kSaNika vizeSa guNa pAye jAte haiM, kAlAdi meM hetu pAyA jAtA hai sapakSa aura vipakSavyApta ho kara rahatA hai kyoMki unameM
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 129 dezavRttiH sapakSavyApI yathA na dravyANi dikkAlamanAMsi amUrtatvAt / pakSasapakSekadezavRttivapakSavyApI yathA dravyANi bikkAlamanAMsi amUrtatvAt / pakSatrayaikadezavRttiryathA anityA pRthvI pratyakSatvAditi // 21 // 49- udAharaNadoSAnAha sAdharmyavaidhamyAbhyAmaSTASTau dRSTAntAbhAsAH // 22 // 50 - parArthAnumAnaprastAvAdudAharaNadoSA evaite dRSTAntaprabhavatvAt tu dRSTAntadoSA ityucyante / dRSTAntasya ca sAdharmyavaidharmyabhedena dvividhatvAt pratyekam 'aSTAvaSTau ' dRSTAntavadAbhAsamAnA: 'dRSTAntAbhAsAH bhavanti // 22 // 51 - tAnevodAharati vibhajati ca amUrtatvena nitye zabde sAdhye karma - paramANu - ghaTAH sAdhyasAdhaneobhayavikalAH ||23|| kSaNika vizeSa guNa nahIM pAyA jaataa| ) ( 6 ) pakSa aura vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA tathA sapakSa meM vyApta ho kara rahane vAlA, yathA dik kAla aura mana dravya nahIM haiM, kyoMki amUrta haiM (yahA~ amUrttatva hetu pakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai eka deza meM nahIM, kyoMki mana amUrta nahIM hai / vipakSa dravya hai. unameM se amUrttatva hetu bhI AkAza meM rahatA hai, pRthvI meM nahIM, kintu sapakSa guNAdi meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai / ) (7) pakSa aura sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA kintu vipakSa meM vyApta, jaise- dik kAla aura mana dravya haiM, kyoMki amUrta haiM / (yahA~ dravyetara padArtha vipakSa haiM aura amUrttatva unameM vyApta hokara rahatA hai / ) (8) pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa tInoM ke eka deza meM rahane vAlA yathA pRthvI anitya hai, kyoMki pratyakSa hai / ( yahA~ pakSa paramANu rUpa pRthvI pratyakSa nahIM kArya pRthvI pratyakSa hai, apa aura teja ke dvayaNuka pratyakSa nahIM hote ataH sapakSa ke eka deza meM rahatA hai aura vipakSa arthAt nitya padArthoM meM se sAmAnya Adi pratyakSa haiM, AkAza pratyakSa nahIM hai ! isa prakAra tInoM ke eka-eka deza meM rahatA hai / ) // 21 // 49 - udAharaNa ke doSa sUtrArtha - sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke bheda se dRSTAntAbhAsa ATha-ATha prakAra ke haiM // 22 // 50- parArthAnumAna kA prakaraNa hone se udAharaNa ke hI ye doSa haiM, kintu dRSTAnta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa dRSTAnta ke doSa kahalAte haiM / dRSTAnta do prakAra kA hai - sAdharmyadRSTAnta aura vaidhadRSTAnta / inameM se pratyeka ke ATha-ATha doSa haiN| jo vastutaH dRSTAnta ke lakSaNa se rahita ho kintu dRSTAnta ke sadRza pratIta ho vaha dRSTAntAbhAsa kahalAtA hai | // 22 // 51 - dRSTAntadoSoM ke udAharaNavibhAga - sUtrArtha - amUrtatva hetu se zabda kI nityatA siddha karane ke lie karma, paramANu aura ghaTa yaha tInoM dRSTAnta kramaza: sAdhya vikala, sAdhanavikala aura umavikala haiM / // 23 //
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________________ 130 pramANamImAMsA 52-nityaH zabdaH amUrtatvAdityasmin prayoge karmAdayo yathAsaGghaya sAdhyAdi vikalAH / tatra karmavaditi sAdhyavikalaH, anityatvAt krmnnH| paramANuvaditi sAkA navikalaH, mUrtatvAt paramANUnAm / ghaTavaditi sAdhyasAdhanobhayavikala, anityatkAnmUrtatvAcca ghaTasyeti / iti trayaH sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsAH // 23 // vaidhANa paramANukarmAkAzAH sAdhyAdyavyatirekiNaH // 24 // 53-nityaH zabdaH amUrttatvAdityasminneva prayoge 'paramANukarmAkAzAH' sAdhya. sAdhanobhayAvyatirekiNo dRSTAntAbhAsA bhavanti / yannityaM na bhavati tadamUrtamapi na bhavati yathA paramANuriti sAdhyAvyatirekI, nityatvAt paramANUnAm / yathA karmeti sAdhanAvyAvRttaH, amUrtatvAt karmaNaH / yathAkAzamityubhayAvyAvRttaH, nityatvAdamUrtatvAccAkAzasyeti traya eva vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsAH // 24 // 54-tathAvacanAdrAge rAgAnmaraNadharmakiJcijjJatvayoH sandigdhasAdhyAdyanvayavyatirekA rathyApuruSAdayaH // 25 // 52- zabda nitya hai, kyoMki amUrta hai,jaise karma / isa anumAnaprayoga meM karma dRSTAnta sAdhyavikala hai, kyoMki karma nitya nahIM, anitya hai / paramANudRSTAnta sAdhanavikala hai, kyoMki paramANu amUrta nahIM, mUrta hai ghaTa dRSTAnta umayavikala hai kyoMki ghaTa na nitya hai aura na amUrta hI hai ataeva yaha tIna sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdharmya dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM ko sattA honI cAhie, kintu yahA~ grahaNa kiye dRSTAntoM meM vaha nahIM hai, ataeva ye dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM // 23 // sUtrArtha-vaidharmya se paramANu karma aura AkAza kramazaH sAdhyAvyatirekI sAdhanAnyatirekI aura ubhayAvyatirekI haiN||24| __53--zabda nitya hai, kyoMki amUrta hai, isI pUrvokta prayoga meM paramANu karma aura AkAza ye vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa haiM 'jo nitya nahIM hotA vaha amUrta nahIM hotA jaise-'paramANu' yahIM 'paramANu' sAdhyAvyatireko dRSTAntAbhAsa hai kyoMki paramANu nitya hote haiN| jo nitya nahIM hotA vaha amUrta nahIM hotA jaise karma', yahA~. 'karma' sAdhanAvyatirekI hai kyoMki karma amarta hai / 'jo nitya nahIM hotA vaha amarta nahIM hotA,jaise aakaash| yahA~ AkAza ubhayAvyatirekI dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki AkAza nitya bhI hai aura amarta bhI hai| ataeva yaha tInoM vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki vaidharmya dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA abhAva honA cAhie, kintu yahA~ abhAva nahIM hai, ataeva ye vaidharmya dRSTAnta kahe gae haiN| // 24 // 54-isI prakAra (nimna bhI AbhAsa haiM) sUtrArtha---'vacana' hetu se rAga siddha karane meM aura 'rAga'hetu se maraNadharmatA tathA asarvajJatA siddha karane meM rathyApuruSa Adi dRSTAnta saMdigdha sAdhyAnvayavyatirekI, saMdigdhasAdhanAnvayavyatirekI aura saMdigdha-ubhayavyatirekI dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM // 25 // zvaizeSikasammata karmapadArtha /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 13.1 55 sandigdhasAdhyasAdhanobhayAnvayAH sandigdhasAdhyasAdhanobhayadhyatirekAzca trayastrayo dRSTAntAbhAsA bhavanti / ke ityAha-rathyApuruSAdayaH' / kasmin saadhye?| 'rAge' 'maraNadharmakiJcijjJatvayoH' ca / kasmAdityAha-'vacanAt' 'rAgAt' ca / tatra sandigdhasAdhyadharmAnvayo yathA vivakSitaH puruSavizeSo rAgI vacanAt rathyApuruSavat / sandigdhasAdhanadharmAnvayo yathA maraNadharmA'yaM rAgAt rathyApuruSavat / sandigdhobhayadharmAnvayo yathA kiJcijjJo'yaM rAgAt rathyApuruSavaditi / eSu paracetovRttInAM duradhigamatvena sAdharmyadRSTAnte rathyApuruSe rAgakiJcijjJatvayoH sattvaM sandigdham / tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatireko yathA rAgI vacanAt rathyApuruSavat / sandigdhasAdhanavyatireko yathA maraNadharmA'yaM rAgAt rathyApuruSavat / sandigdhobhayavyatireko yathA kiJcijjJo'yaM rAgAt rathyA puruSavat / eSu pUrvavat paracetovRtterduranvayatvAdvadharmyadRSTAnte rathyApuruSe rAgakiJcijjJatvayorasattvaM sandigdhamiti // 25 // ____55-saMdigdhasAdhyAnvaya, saMdigdhasAdhanAnvaya aura saMdigdhasAdhyasAdhanAnvaya, saMdigdhasAdhyavyatireka, saMdigdhasAdhanavyatireka aura saMdigdhasAdhya-sAdhanavyatireka, isa prakAra tIna-tIna dRSTAntAbhAsa saMdeha ke kAraNa hote haiN| ye dRSTAntAmAsa 'vacana'hetu aura 'rAga'hetu se rAga tathA maraNadharmatA yA kicijjJatA siddha karane ke lie prayukta rathyApuruSa Adi haiN| inake udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM (1) saMdigdhasAdhyAnvaya-amuka puruSa rAgI hai kyoMki vaktA hai, jo vaktA hotA hai vaha rAgI hotA hai' jaise rAhagIra puruSa / (yahA~ rAhagIra meM rAga kA honA saMdigdha hai, kyoMki dUsare ke citta kI vRtti durjeya hotI hai / ) (2) saMdigdhasAdhanAnvaya-yaha puruSa maraNadharmA hai, kyoMki isameM rAga hai, jaise rAhamIra / (yahA~ rAhagIra meM sAdhana-rAga kA astitva saMdigdha hai|) (3) saMdigdhasAdhyasAdhanAnvaya-yaha puruSa alpajJa hai, kyoMki rAgavAn hai. jaise rAhagIra / ( yahA~ rAhagIra meM alpajJatA sAdhya aura rAgavattva sAdhana honA nizcita nahIM hai|) dUsare kI cittavRtti ko samajhanA AsAna nahIM hai, ataeva rAha calate kisI puruSa meM rAga aura alpajJatA kA sattva nizcita nahIM hotA hai / (anvaya dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA astitva nizcita honA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ unakA astitva nizcita na hone se ye dRSTAntAbhAsa hai|) (1) saMdigdhasAdhyavyatireka-yaha puruSa rAgI hai, kyoMki bolatA hai / jo rAgI nahIM hotA vaha bolanA nahIM hai, jaise rAhagIra |(yhaaN rAhagIra meM rAgIpana kA abhAva nizcita nahIM hotA hai vyatireka dRSTAHta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM kA abhAva nizcita honA cAhie (2) saMdigdha sAdhanavyatireka--yaha puruSa maraNadharmA hai, kyoMki rAgI hai,jo maraNadharmA nahIM hotA vaha rAgI nahIM hotA, jaise raahgiir| (yahA~ sAdhana kA abhAva nizcita nahIM hotA hai / ) (3) saMdigdha ubhayavyatireka-yaha puruSa alpajJa hai, kyoMki rAgI hai, jo alpajJa nahIM hotA vaha rAgI nahIM hotA,jaise rAhagIra puruSa / (yahA~ dRSTAnta meM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM hI saMdigdha hone se dRSTAntAbhAsa haiN| ___ ina saba dRSTAntoM meM bhI pUrvavat rAga aura alpajJatA ke abhAva kA nizciya nahIM, kyoMki dUsare ko cittavRtti ko jAnanA asAna nahIM hai / ataeva yaha vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa hai| ) // 25 //
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________________ 132 56-tathA pramANamImAMsA viparItAnvayavyatirekau // 36 // 57 - 'viparItAnvayaH' viparItavyatirekaH' ca dRSTAntAbhAsau bhavataH / tatra viparItAnvayo yathA yat kRtakaM tadanityamiti vaktavye yadanityaM tat kRtakaM yathA ghaTa ityAha / viparItavyatireko yathA anityatvAbhAve na bhavatyeva kRtakatvamiti vaktavye kRtakatvAbhAve na bhavatyevAnityatvaM yathAkAza ityAha / sAdhanadharmAnuvAdena sAdhyadhasya vidhAnamityanvayaH / sAdhyadharmavyAvRttyanuvAdena sAdhanadharmavyAvRttividhAnamiti vyatirekaH / tayoranyathAbhAve viparItatvam / yadAha " sAdhyAnuvAdAlliGgasya viparItAnvayo vidhiH / hetvabhAve tvasatsAdhyaM vyatirekaviparyaye // " iti // 26 // apradarzitAnvayavyatirekau // 27 // 58 - 'apradazitAnvayaH 'apradarzitavyatireka, ca dRSTAntAbhAsau / etau ca pramANasyAnupadarzanAdbhavato na tu vIpsAsarvAvadhAraNapadAnAmaprayogAt, satsvapi teSvasati 56 - ( aura bhI dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM) tadyathA sUtrArtha - viparItAnvaya aura viparItavyatireka bhI hRSTAntA mAsa haiM // 26 // 57--sAdhana ke sadbhAva meM sAdhya kA sadbhAva jahA~ pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai vaha anvayahRSTAnta kahalAtA hai / isase viparIta prayoga karanA 'viparItAnvaya' hai aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva jahA~ pradarzita kiyA jAya vaha vyatirekadRSTAnta kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta prayoga karanA viparItavyatireka, dRSTAntAbhAsa hai| jaise--zabda anitya hai kyoMki kRtaka hai / yahA~ kahanA to aisA cAhie ki kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai, kintu isase viparIta kahanA kijo anitya hotA hai vaha kRtaka hotA hai jaise ghaTa, yaha viparItAnvaya hai / viparItavyatireka, jaise jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha kRtaka nahIM hotA, aisA kahanA cAhie kintu isase viparIta kahanA - jo kRtaka nahIM hotA vaha anitya nahIM hotA. jaise AkAza / yaha viparItavyatireka haiM / kahA bhI hai sAdhya kA anuvAda karake sAdhana kA vidhAna karanA viparItAnvaya kahalAtA hai aura sAdhana ke abhAva meM sAdhya kA abhAva pradarzita karanA viparItavyatireka hai // 26 // sUtrArtha - apradazitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka nAmaka bhI do dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM // 27 // 58 - anvaya ko na dikhalAnA aura vyatireka ko na dikhalAnA bhI dRSTAntAmAsa haiM / ye dRSTAntAmAsa tarkanAmaka vyAptigrAhaka pramANa ke na dikhalAne para hote haiM, vIpsA, sarva athavA avadhAraNa padoM kA prayoga na karane se nahIM hote / kyoMki ina padoM ke na hone para bhI pramAma yadi na ho to anvaya aura vyatireka kI siddhi nahIM hotI /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA pramANe tayorasiddheriti / sAdhyavikalasAdhanavikalobhayavikalAH, sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya. sandigdhasAdhanAnvayasandigdhobhayAnvayAH, viparItAnvayaH, apradarzitAnvayazcetyaSTau sAdhaHdRSTAntAbhAsAH / sAdhyAvyAvRttasAdhanAvyAvRttobhayAvyAvRttAH, sandigdhasAdhyavyAvRttisandigdhasAdhanavyAvRttisandigdhobhayavyAvRttayaH, viparItavyatirekaH, apradarzitavyatirekazcetyaSTAveva vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsA bhvnti| : 59-nanvananvayAvyatirekAvapi kazcid dRSTAntAbhAsAvuktau, yathA rAgAdiyA nayaM vacanAt / atra sAdharmyadRSTAnte Atmani rAgavacanayoH satyapi sAhitya, dhny| dRSTAnte copalakhaNDe satyAmapi saha nivRttau pratibandhAbhAvenAnvayavyatirekayorabhAva ityananvayAvyatireko / tau kasmAdiha noktau?| ucyate-tAbhyAM pUrve na bhidyanta iti sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM pratyekamaSTAveva dRSTAntAbhAsA bhavanti / yadAhuH . tAtparya yaha hai-jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha vaha saba anitya hI hotA hai jaise ghaTa, jo base anitya nahIM hotA vaha vaha saba kRtaka nahIM hotA, jaise AkAza / isa prakAra vyApti pradarzita na. kiyA jAya to apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa hote haiN| yahAM jo jo isa prakAra do bAra 'jo' zabda kA yA 'saba' zabda kA yA 'hI' zabda kA prayoga na karane se ukta doSa nahIM hote| saba mila kara anvaya dRSTAntAbhAsa aura vyatirekahaTAntAmAsa ke ATha-ATha bheda isa prakAra haiM anvayadRSTAntAmAsa-(1) sAdhyavikalaanvayadRSTAntAbhAsa (2)sAdhana vikala anvayahaSTAntAbhAsa (3) ubhayavikaladRSTAntAbhAsa (4) saMdigdhasAdhya anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa (5)saMdigdhasAdhana a0 (6)saMdigdhaubhaya a0 (7) viparItAnvaya0 (8)apradarzitAnvayadRSTAntAbhAsa / vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa-(1)sAdhyAvyatirekI dRSTAntAbhAsa (2) sAdhanAvyatirekI (3)ubhayAvyatireko (4) saMdigdhasAdhyavyatirekI (5)saMdigdhasAdhanavyatirekI (6) saMdigdha ubhapatirekI (7) viparItavyatireko (8) aura apradarzitavyatireko dRSTAntAmAsa / - 59-prazna-kinhIM-kinhIM AcAyoM ne ananvaya aura avyatireka nAmaka dRSTAntAmAsa bhI batalAe haiM / jaise-'yaha puruSa rAgAdimAna hai, kyoMki vaktA hai / yahA~ sAdharmya dRSTAnta AtmA meM rAga aura vacana donoM kA sAtha-sAtha astitva pAyA jAtA hai aura vaidharmyadRSTAnta pASANakhaMDa meM donoM kA abhAva hotA hai-arthAt jo vaktA hotA hai vaha rAgAdimAn hotA hai, jaise-saMsArI AtmA aura jo rAgAdimAna nahIM hotA vaha vaktA bhI nahIM hotA, jaise pASANakhaMDa / isa prakAra sAdhya aura sAdhana kI sAtha-sAtha sattA aura asattA hone para bhI inameM anvaya aura vyatireka kA vAstava meM abhAva hai ( kyoMki kisI AtmA meM vaktRtva hone para bhI rAgAdi kA abhAva hotA hai ) / ataeva vacana aura rAgAdi kA nizcita avinAmAva na hone se ananvaya aura avyatireka doSa hai| ina donoM kA Apane ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA hai ? uttara-pUrvokta ATha bheda inase pRthaka nahIM haiN| arthAt ve ananvaya aura avyatireka hI haiM, ataeva ina do ko pRthak kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isa prakAra eka-eka dRSTAntAbhAsa ke ATha ATha hI bheda hote haiM , kahA bhI hai- ..
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________________ pramANamImAMsA "liGgasyAnanvayA assttaavssttaavvytirekinnH| nAnyathAnupapannatvaM kathaMcit khyApayantyamI // " iti // 27 // ... 60-bhavasitaM parArthAnumAnamidAnoM tannAntarIyakaM dUSaNaM lakSayatira sAdhanadoSodbhAvanaM dUSaNam // 28 // 61-'sAdhanasya' parArthAnumAnasya ye asiddhaviruddhAdayo 'doSAH' pUrvamuktAste pAmudbhAvyate prakAzyate'neneti 'udbhAvanam' sAdhanadoSodbhAvakaM vacanaM 'duussnnm'| uttaratrAbhUtagrahaNAdiha bhUtadoSodbhAvanA dUSaNeti siddham // 28 // 62-dUSaNalakSaNe dUSaNAbhAsalakSaNaM sujJAnameva bhedapratipAdanAthaM tu tallakSaNamAha___ abhUtadoSodbhAvanAni dUSaNAbhAsA jAtyuttarANi ||29|| 63-avidyamAnAnAM sAdhanadoSANAM pratipAdanAnyadUSaNAnyapi dUSaNavadAbhAsamAnAni 'dUSaNAbhAsAH' / tAni ca 'jAtyuttarANi' / jAtizabdaH sAdRzyavacanaH / uttarasahazAni jAtyuttarANi / uttarasthAnaprayuktatvAt / uttarasadRzAni jAtyuttarANi / jAtyA sAdRzyanottarANi jAtyuttarANi / tAni ca samyagghetau hetvAbhAse vA vAdinA sAdhana ke ananvaya ATha haiM aura avyatireka bhI ATha hI haiM / yaha ATha-ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa kathaMcit avinAmAva saMbaMdha ke abhAva ko sUcita karate haiM // 27 // 60-parArthAnumAna pUrNa huvaa| aba parArthAnumAnasaMbaMdhI doSa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate haiMsUtrArtha--sAdhana ke doSoM ko prakAzita karanA dUSaNa kahalAtA hai // 28 // 61-sAdhana arthAt parArthAnumAna ke jo asiddhatA viruddhatA Adi doSa pahale batalAe jA cuke haiM, una doSoM ko prakaTa karane vAlA vacana 'dUSaNa'kahA jAtA hai / agale sUtra meM 'abhUta, zabda hI grahaNa kiyA hai,ataeva yahA~ bhUta-sadbhUta vidyamAna doSoM ko prakaTa karanA dUSaNa hai, aisA samajha lenA cAhie // 28 // 62-dUSaNa kA lakSaNa samajha lene para dUSaNAbhAsa sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai, kintu usake bhedoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie lakSaNa kA pratipAdana karate haiM sUtrArtha-avidyamAna doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA jAtyuttara hai / vahI dUSaNAbhAsa hai // 29 // 63-jo vAstava meM dUSaNa na ho kintu dUSaNa jaise prati mAsita ho vaha dUSaNAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| use jAtyuttara bhI kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhana meM doSa na hone para bhI doSa kA Aropa karanA dUSaNAmAsa hai| jAtyuttara pada meM 'jAti, zabda sadRzatA kA vAcaka hai ataH jo uttara ke sadRza hoM ve 'jAtyuttara, kahalAte haiM / uttara ke sthAna para prayukta hone ke kAraNa ve uttara ke samAna hote athavA jAti arthAt sadRzatA ke kAraNa jo uttara rUpa samajhe jAyeM unheM jAtyuttara samajhanA caahie| vAdI ne samIcIna hetu athavA hetvAbhAsa kA prayoga kiyaa| prativAdI ko jaldI meM koI vAstavika doSa usameM nahIM sUjhA / taba vaha hetusarIkhe pratIta hone vAlA kucha bhI aMTasaMTa prayoga
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 135 prayukta jhaTiti taddoSatattvApratibhAse hetupratibimbanaprAyANi pratyavasthAnAnyanantatvA' parisaGkhyAtuM na zakyante, tathApyakSapAdarzitadizA sAdhAdipratyavasthAnabhedena sAdhayaMvaidhotkarSApakarSavardhyAvarNyavikalpasAdhyaprAptyaprAptiprasaGgapratidRSTAntAnutpattisaMza. yaprakaraNAhetvarthApatyavizeSopapattyupalabdhnupalabdhinityAnityakAryasamarUpatayA caturvizatirupadaya'nte / 64-tatra sAdharmyaNa pratyavasthAnaM sAdharmyasamA jAtiH / yathA anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavaditi prayoge kRte sAdharmyaprayogeNaiva pratyavasthAnam--nityaH zabdo niravayavatvAdAkAzavat / na cAsti vizeSaheturghaTasAdharmyAt kRtakatvAdanityaH zabdo na punarAkAzasAdhAniravayavatvAnnitya iti 1 / vaidhahNa pratyavasthAnaM vaidharmyasamA jaatiH| yathA anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAdityatrava prayoge sa eva pratiheturvaidhayaNa prayujyate-nityaH zabdo niravayavatvAt , anityaM hi sAvayavaM dRSTaM ghttaadiiti| na cAsti vizeSaheturghaTasAdhAtkRtakatvAdanityaH zabdo na punastadvaidhAniravayavatvAnnitya iti 2 | utkarSApakarSAbhyAM pratyavasthAnamutkarSApakarSasame jaatii| tatraiva prayoge dRSTAntakarake vAdo ke hetu kA nirasana karatA hai / nirasana ke ye prakAra agaNita haiN| unakI koI niyata saMkhyA nahIM ho sktii| phira bhI naiyAyika zAstra meM pradarzita dizA ke anusAra jAtyuttara yA jAtiyA~ cauvIsa haiM / ve yahA~ bhI dikhalAI jAtI haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM (1) sAdharmyasamA (2) vaidharmyasamA (3) utkarSasamA (4)apakarSasamA (5) varNyasamA (6) avarNyasamA (7) vikalpasamA (8)sAdhyasamA(9) prAptisamA (10) aprAptisamA (11)prasaMgasamA (12) pratidRSTAntasamA (13) anutpattisamA (14) saMzayasamA (15) prakaraNasamA (16) ahetusamA (17) arthApattisamA (18) avizeSasamA ( 19 ) upapattisamA ( 20 ) upalabdhisamA(21) anupalabdhisamA(22) nityasamA (23) anityasamA aura (24) kAryasamA / 64(1) sAdharmyasamA-sAdharmya dikhalAkara vAdI ke sAdhana kA nirAsa karanA sAdharmyasamA jAti hai / jaise-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, ghaTa ke samAna / vAdI ke dvArA aisA prayoga karane para sAdharmyaprayoga ke dvArA hI usakA nirAsa karanA, yathA-zabda nitya hai kyoMki niravayava hai, jaise-AkAza / koI kAraNa nahIM ki ghaTa ke samAna kRtaka hone se zabda anitya ho to AkAza ke samAna niravayava hone se nitya na ho! ' - (2) vaidharmyasamA-visadRzatA dikhA kara nirAsa karanA vaidharmyasamA jAti hai / yathA-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, jaise-ghaTa, aisA prayoga karane para vahI virodhI hetu prayukta karanAzabda nitya hai, kyoMki niravayava hai / jo anitya hotA hai vaha sAvayava dekhA jAtA hai,jaise-ghaTAdi, koI vizeSa kAraNa nahIM ki ghaTa ke samAna kRtaka hone se yadi zabda anitya hai to ghaTa se viparIta niravayava hone se nitya na ho| (3) utkarSasamA-utkarSa (adhikatA) dikhalA kara hetu kA nirAsa karanA unkarSasamAjAti hai / pahale vAle prayoga meM hI dRSTAnta (sapakSa) ke kisI dharma ko pakSa meM ApAdana karane
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________________ pramANamImAMsA dharma kazcit sAdhyamiNyApAdayanutkarSasamAM jAti prayukta-yadi ghaTavat kRtakatvAdanityaH zabdo ghaTavadeva mUrto'pi bhavatu / na cenmUrto ghaTavadanityo'pi mA bhUditi zabde dharmAntarotkarSamApAdayati 3 / apakarSastu ghaTaH kRtakaH sannazrAvaNo dRSTa evaM zabdopyastu / no ced ghaTavadanityo'pi mAbhUditi zabde zrAvaNatvadharmamapakarSatIti 4 / vAvAbhyAM pratyavasthAnaM vAvarNyasame jAtI / khyApanIyo vrnnystdvipriito'vryH| tAvetau varSyAvau~ sAdhyadRSTAntadharmo viparyasyan vAvarNyasame jAtI prayuGkte-yathAvidhaH zabdadharmaH kRtakatvAdirna tAdRgghaTadharmo yAdRgghaTadharmo na tAhaka zabdadharma iti 5-6 / dharmAntaravikalpena pratyavasthAna vikalpasamA jAtiH / yathA kRtakaM kiJcinmRdu dRSTaM rAGkavazayyAdi,kiJcitkaThinaM kuThArAdi,evaM kRtakaM kiJcidanityaM bhaviSyati ghaTAdi kiJcinnityaM zabdAdIti 7 / sAdhyasAmyApAdanena pratyavasthAnaM sadhyasamA jAtiH / yathA-yadi yathA ghaTastathA zabdaH, prAptaM tahi yathA zabdastathA ghaTa iti / zabdazca sAdhya iti ghaTo'pi sAdhyo bhavatu / tatazca na sAdhyaH sAdhyasya dRSTAntaH syAt / na cedevaM tathApi vailakSaNyAtsutarAmadRSTAnta iti 8 / prAptyaprAptivikalpAbhyAM vAlA utkarSasamAjAti kA prayoga karatA hai / yathA-yadi ghaTa ke samAna kRtaka hone se zabda anitya hai to ghaTa ke samAna mUrta bhI honA caahie| aisA kaha kara zabda meM eka dUsare dharma (mUtatva) ko adhikatA kA ApAdana karatA hai| (4)apakarSasamA-apakarSa arthAt nyUnatA dikhAkara nirAsa karanA / jaise-ghaTa kRtaka hotA huA azrAvaNa hai to isI prakAra zabda bhI azrAvaNa honA cAhie / yadi ghaTa ke samAna azrAvaNa nahIM hai to ghaTa ke samAna anitya bhI nahIM honA caahie| aisA kaha kara zabda ke zrAvaNatva dharma kA apakarSa karatA hai| - (5-6) varNyasamA-avarNyasamA-varNya aura avarNya ke dvArA nirAsa karanA varNyasamA aura avarNyasamA jAtiyAM haiN| siddha karane yogya sAdhyadharma varNya kahalAtA hai aura dRSTAnta kA dharma avarNya kahalAtA hai / isa sAdhya aura dRSTAnta ke dharmoM ko ulaTapalaTa karane vAlA varNyasamA aura avarNyasamA jAti kA prayoga karatA hai / yathA-jisa prakAra kA kRtakatva zabda kA dharma hai, usa prakAra kA ghaTa kA dharma nahIM hai aura jaisA ghaTa kA dharma hai vaisA zabda kA dharma nahIM hai| (7) vikalpasamA-dharmAntara kA vikalpa karake nirAsa karanA vikalpasamA jAti hai / yathA-kRtaka padArtha koI-koI mRdu dekhA jAtA hai, jaise-rAMkava (mRgacarma kI) zayyA aura koIkoI kaThina hotA hai jaise-kuThAra Adi / isI prakAra koI kRtaka padArtha anitya bhI hoMge / jaiseghaTa Adi aura koI nitya hoMge, jaise zabda Adi / (8) sAdhyasamA-sAdhya ke sAtha samAnatA dikhalAkara nirAsa karanA sAdhyasamA jAti hai| yathA-yadi jaisA ghaTa hai vaisA hI zabda hai to isakA artha yaha huA ki jaisA zabda hai vaisA hI ghaTa hai| isa prakAra jaba donoM sarIkhe haiM taba zabda sAdhya hai to ghaTa bhI sAdhya honA cAhie aura jaba donoM hI sAdhya haiM to eka sAdhya dUsare sAdhya kA dRSTAnta kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? yadi donoM meM samAnatA nahIM hai to donoM eka dUsare se vilakSaNa hoMge aura aisI sthiti meM ghaTa dRSTAnta nahIM ho sakatA!
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________________ pramANamImAMsA :137 pratyavasthAna prAptyaprAptisame jAtI / yathA yadetat kRtakatvaM tvayA sAdhanamupanyastaM tatki prApya sAdhayatyaprApya vA ? / prApya cet, dvayovidyamAnayoreva prAptirbhavati, na sadasatoriti / dvayozca sattvAt ki kasya sAdhyaM sAdhanaM vA ?9 / aprApya tu sAdhanatvamayuktamatiprasaGgAditi 10 / atiprasaGgApAdanena pratyavasthAnaM prasaGgasamA jaatiH| yathA yadyanityatve kRtakatvaM sAdhanaM kRtakatva idAnIM ki sAdhanam ? / tatsAdhane'pi kiM sAdhanamiti ? 11 / pratidRSTAntena pratyavasthAnaM pratiddaSTAntasamA jaatiH| yathA anityaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvAt ghaTavadityukte jAtivAdyAha-yathA ghaTaH prayatnAnantarIyako'nityo dRSTa evaM pratidRSTAnta AkAzaM nityamapi prayatnAnantarIyakaM dRSTam, kUpakhananaprayatnAnantaramupalambhAditi / na cedamanaikAntikatvoddhAvanam, bhaGgayantareNa pratyavasthAnAt 12 / anutpattyA pratyavasthAnamanutpattisamA jaatiH| yathA anutpanne zabdAkhye miNi kRtakatvaM dharmaH kva vartate ? / tadevaM hetvabhAvAdasiddhiranityatvasyeti13 (9-10) prAptisamA-aprAptisamA-prApti aura aprApti kA vikalpa khar3A karake hetu kA nirAsa karanA prAptisamA aura aprAptisamA jAtiyAM haiM / yathA-Apane kRtakatva hetu kA jo prayoga kiyA hai so vaha sAdhya ko prApta karake sAdhatA hai yA binA prApta kiye hI ? yadi prApta karake sAdhatA hai, aisA kaho to prApti to do vidyamAna padArthoM ko hI hotI hai-eka vidyamAna ho aura dUsarA avidyamAna ho to prApti nahIM hotI, aura jaba donoM vidyamAna haiM to kauna kisakA sAdhana hogA? agara kaho ki kRtakatva hetu sAdhya ko prApta kiye binA hI siddha karatA hai to yaha kathana anucita hai / prApta kiye binA koI kisI ko sAdha nahIM sktaa| (11) prasaMgasamA-atiprasaMga kA ApAdana karake nirAsa karanA / jaise-yadi zabda kI anityatA siddha karane ke lie kRtakatva hetu prayoga karate ho to kRtakatva ko siddha karane ke lie kyA hetu hai ? aura usa hetu ko siddha karane ke lie bhI kauna-se hetu kA prayoga karate ho? (12) pratidRSTAntasamA-virodhI dRSTAnta ke dvArA nirAsa karanA pratidRSTAntasamA jAti hai| yathA-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki prayatnajanita hai, jaise-ghaTa; isa prakAra vAdI ke kahane para jAtivAdI kahatA hai-jaise-ghaTa prayatnajanita hone se anitya dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vyatireka dRSTAnta AkAza nitya hote hue bhI prayatnajanita dekhA jAtA hai, kyoMki kUpa khodane ke prayatna ke pazcAt AkAza kA upalaMbha hotA hai ! yaha hetu meM anekAntika doSa kA udbhavana karanA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usakA tarIkA dUsarA hotA hai kaura yaha doSa dUsare tarIke se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| (13) anutpattisamA-anutpatti dikhA kara nirAsa karanA / jaise-jaba zabda dharmI utpanna nahIM hotA taba kRtakatva kahA~ rahatA hai ? arthAt vaha hotA hI nahIM / isa prakAra hetu kA abhAva hone se anityatva sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotii|
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________________ 138 pramANamImAMsA sAdharmyasamA vaidharmyasamA vA yA jAtiH pUrvamudAhRtA saiva saMzayenopasaMnhiyamAnA saMzayasamA jAtirbhavati / yathA ki ghaTasAdharmyAt kRtakatvAdanityaH zabda uta tadvaidhayadAkAzasAdhamaryAdvA niravayavatvAnnitya iti ? 14 / dvitIyapakSotthApanabuddhayA prayujyamAnA saiva sAdharmyasamA vaidharmyasamA vA jAtiH prakaraNasamA bhavati / tatraiva anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavaditi prayoge - nityaH zabdaH zrAvaNatvAcchabdatvavaditi udbhAvanaprakArabhedamAtre sati nAnAtvaM draSTavyam 15 / traikAlyAnupapattyA hetoH pratyabasthAnama hetusamA jAtiH / yathA hetuH sAdhanam / tat sAdhyAtpUrvaM pazcAt saha vA bhavet ? / yadi pUrvam; asati sAdhye tat kasya sAdhanam ? / atha pazcAtsAdhanam ; pUrva taha sAdhyam, tasmiMzca pUrvasiddhe kiM sAdhanena ? / atha yugapatsAdhyasAdhane; tahi tayoH savyetara goviSANayoriva sAdhyasAdhanabhAva eva na bhavediti 16 | arthApattyA pratyava - sthAnamarthApattisamA jAtiH / yadyanityasAdharmyAtkRtakatvAdanityaH zabdaH, arthAdApadyate nityasAdhayannitya iti / asti cAsya nityenAkAzAdinA sAdhamyaM niravayavatvamityudbhAvanaprakArabheda evAyamiti 17 / avizeSApAdanena pratyavasthAnamavizeSasamA (14) saMzayasamA - pahale jo sAdharmyasamA aura vaidharmyasamA jAti kahI hai, usakA upasaMhAra yadi saMzaya ke rUpa meM ho to saMzayasamA jAti kahalAtI hai / yathA-ghaTa ke samAna kRtaka hone se zabda anitya hai yA ghaTa ke vilakSaNa AkAza ke samAna niravayava hone se nitya hai; (15) prakaraNasamA - dUsare pakSa ko khar3A karane kI buddhi se prayoga meM lAI jAne vAlI vahI sAdharmyasamA yA vaidharmyasamA jAti prakaraNamA kahalAtI hai / yathA zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, jaise--ghaTa | isa prakAra anumAna prayoga karane para jAtivAdI kahatA hai---zabda nitya hai, kyoMki zrAvaNa haiM, jaise- zabdatva / yadyapi bAta vahI hai phira bhI doSodbhAvana ke tarIke meM bheda hone se isa jAti ko bhinna kahA hai / ( 16 ) ahetusamA - hetu ko traikAlika anupapatti (asaMgati) pradarzita kara ke nirasana karanA / yathA - hetu kA matalaba sAdhana hai / vaha sAdhana sAdhya se pahale hogA, pazcAt hogA athavA sAthasAtha hogA? yadi pahale honA kaho to sAdhya ke abhAva meM vaha kisakA sAdhana hogA ? (jaba sAdhya hI nahIM to sAdhana kaisA ? ) agara sAdhana pazcAt hotA hai to isakA artha yaha huA ki sAdhya, sAdhana se pahale hI vidyamAna hai to sAdhana kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai? kadAcit sAdhya aura sAdhana kA sAtha-sAtha honA mAnA jAya to gAya ke dAhine aura bAMye sIMgoM ke samAna sAtha-sAtha hone vAle do padArthoM meM sAdhya-sAdhanabhAva kaise ho sakatA hai ? (17) arthApattisamA- arthApatti dvArA nirAkaraNakaranA arthApattisamA jAti hai / yathA yadi anitya ke samAna kRtaka hone se zabda anitya hai to isakA artha yaha huA ki nitya ke samAna hone se nitya hai / zabda kI nitya AkAza se niravayatvadharma ke lihAja se samAnatA to hai hI ! yahA~ bhI udbhAvanA ke prakAra meM hI bhinnatA hai / 18- avizeSasamA - vizeSatA kA abhAva kaha kara nirAsa karanA / jaise - yadi zabda aura
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 139 * jaatiH'| yathA yadi zabdaghaTayoreko dharmaH kRtakatvamiSyate tahi samAnadharmayogAttayoravizeSe tadvadeva sarvapadArthAnAmavizeSaH prasajyata iti 18 / upapattyA pratyavasthAnamupapattisamA jAtiH / yathA yadi kRtakatvopapattyA zabdasyAnityatvam,niravayavatvopapasyA nityatvamapi kasmAnna bhavati ? / pakSadvayopapattyA'nadhyavasAyaparyavasAnatvaM vivakSitamityudbhAvanaprakArabheda evAyam 19 / upalabdhyA pratyavasthAnamupalabdhisamA jAtiH / yathA anityaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakatvAditi prayukte pratyavatiSThate-na khalu prayatmAnantarIyakatvamanityatve sAdhanam ; sAdhanaM hi taducyate yena vinA na sAdhyamupalabhyate upalabhyate ca prayatnAnantarIyakatvena vinA'pi vidyudAdAvanityatvam / zabde'pi kvacidvAyuvegabhajyamAnavanaspatyAdijanya tathaiveti 20 / anupalabdhyA pratyavasthAnamanupalabdhi. samA jAtiH / yathA tatraiva prayatnAnantarIyakatvahetAvupanyaste satyAha jAtivAdI-na prayatnakAryaH zabdaH prAguccAraNAdastyesAvAvaraNayogAttu nopalabhyate / AvaraNAnupalambhe'pyanupalambhAnnAstyeva zabda iti cet na, AvaraNAnupalambhe'pyanupalambhasadbhAvAt / AvaraNAnupalabdhezcAnupalambhAdabhAvaH / tadabhAve cAvaraNopalabdharbhAvo bhavati / ghaTa kA eka hI dharma kRtakatva mAnate ho to samAna dharma hone se donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM honI aura jaise ina donoM meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai vaise sabhI padArthoM meM vizeSatA kA abhAva ho jaaygaa| , 19-upapattisamA- upapatti ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karanA upapattisamA jAti hai / yathAyadi kRtakatva kI upapatti se zabda anitya hai to niravayavatva kI upapatti se nitya kyoM nahIM hai! yahA~ nityatA aura anityatA donoM pakSoM kI upapatti hone se anadhyavasAya (anizcaya) meM paryava. sAna honA vivakSita hai / isa prakAra udbhAvanA ke prakAra meM hI bheda samajhanA caahie| 20-upalabdhisamA-upalabdhi ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karanA jaise-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prayatnajanya hai, aisA vAdI ke kahane para jAtivAdI kahatA hai-prayatnajanyatA anityatva siddha karane meM sAdhana nahIM hai / sAdhana vahI kahalAtA hai jisake binA sAdhya kI upalabdhi na ho sake magara vidyut Adi meM anityatA to prayatnajanyatA ke binA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| isI prakAra vAyu ke vega se TUTane vAlI vanaspati Adi se utpanna zabda meM bhI vaha prayatnajanyatA ke binA hI pAI jAtI hai / 21-anupalabdhisamA-anupalabdhi batAkara nirAsa karanA anupalabdhisamA jAti hai / jaise -pUrvavat prayatnajanyatva hetu kA prayoga karane para jAtivAdI kahatA hai-zabda prayatna kA kArya nahIM hai, vaha to uccAraNa karane se pahale bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai, magara AvaraNa ke kAraNa usakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| kadAcit kahA jAya ki AvaraNa kI upalabdhi na hone para bhI zabda kA anupalaMbha hotA hai, isa kAraNa zabda (uccAraNa se pahale) nahIM hotA, so ThIka nahIM, kyoMki, AvaraNa kA upalaMma na hone para bhI zabda kA anupalaMbha ho sakatA hai / AvaraNa ko anupalabdhi kA anupalaMbha hone se abhAva hotA hai / usake abhAva meM AvaraNa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| ata
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 140 tatazca mRdantaritamUlakIlodakAdivadAvaraNopalabdhikRtameva zabdasya prAguccAraNAdagrahaNamiti prayatnAkAryatvAbhAvAnnityaH zabda iti 21 / sAdhyadharmanityAnityatvavikalpena zabdanityatvApAdanaM nityasamA jAtiH / yathA anityaH zabda iti pratijJAte jAtivAdI vikalpayati-yeyamanityatA zabdasyocyate sA kimanityA nityA veti ? | yadyanityA; tadiyamavazyamapAyinItyanityatAyA apAyAnnityaH zabdaH / athAnityatA nityaiva; tathApi dharmasya nityatvAttasya ca nirAzrayasyAnupapattestadAzrayabhUtaH zabdo'pi nityo bhavet, tadanityatve taddharmanityatvAyogAdityubhayathApi nityaH zabda iti 22 / sarvabhAvAnityatvopapAdanena pratyavasthAnamanityasamA jAtiH / yathA ghaTena sAdharmyamanityena zabdasyAstIti tasyAnityatvaM yadi pratipAdyate, tad ghaTena sarvapadArthAnAmastyeva kimapi sAdhamrmmamiti teSAmapyanityatvaM syAt / atha padArthAntarANAM tathAbhAve'pi nAnityatvam; tarhi zabdasyApi tanmA bhUditi / anityatvamAtrApAdanapUrvaka vizeSodbhAvanAccAvizeSasamAto bhinnayaM jAtiH 23 / prayatnakAryanAnAtvopanyAsena pratyavasthAnaM kAryasamA jAtiH / yathA anityaH zabdaH prayatnAnantarIyakaeva miTTI meM dabe hue mUla yA kola ke samAna uccAraNa se pahale zabda kI anupalabdhi AvaraNopalabdhikRtaM hI hai / isa prakAra zabda prayatna kA kArya na hone se nitya hai / (22) nityasamA - sAdhyadharma meM nityatA aura anityatA kA vikalpa karake zabda kI nityatA kA ApAdana karanA nityasamA jAti hai / yathA- 'zabda anitya hai' isa prakAra pratijJA kA prayoga karane para jAtivAdI vikalpa karatA hai-Apa zabda kI jo anityatA kahate ho so vaha ani anitya hai yA nitya ? yadi anitya hai to avazya hI naSTa hone vAlI hai aura anityatA jaba nAzazIla hai to zabda nitya hogaa| agara zabda kI anityatA nitya hai to dharma nitya hone se dharmo bhI nitya honA cAhie kyoMki dharmo ke vinA nirAdhAra dharma raha nahIM sakatA / yadi zabda anitya hotA to usakA dharma (anityatva) nitya nahIM ho sakatA thA / isa prakAra donoM taraha se zabda kI nityatA hI siddha hotI hai / (23) anityasamA - sarva bhAvoM ko anityatA kA ApAdana karake hetu kA nirAsa karanA anityasamA jAti hai / yathA-yadi anitya ghaTa ke sAtha samAnatA hone ke kAraNa zabda ko anitya kahate ho to kisI na kisI aMza meM sabhI padArtha ghaTa ke samAna haiM1, ataH sabhI padArtha anitya ho jAne cAhie / yadi anitya ghaTa ke sAtha samAnatA hone para bhI anya padArtha ( AtmA AkAza Adi) anitya nahIM haiM to zabda bhI anitya nahIM honA cAhie / pUrvokta ( 18vIM) avizeSasamA jAti meM saba padArthoM meM sAmAnyatayA vizeSatA kA abhAva pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ saba padArthoM meM anityatA kI samAnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / (24) kAryasamA - prayatna ke kAryoM kA nAnApana kaha kara hetu kA nirAsa karanA kAryasamA jAti hai / yathA zabda anitya hai, kyoMki prayatnajanya hai, isa prakAra vAdI ke kahane para jAtivAdI 1- sattva Adi sAmAnya dharmoM kI samAnatA to hai hI /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 141 tvAdityukte jAtivAdyAha prayatnasya dvairUpyaM dRSTam-kiJcidasadeva tena janyale yathA ghaTAdi, kiJcitsadevAvaraNavyudAsAdinA'bhivyajyate yathA mRdantaritamUlakIlAdi, evaM prayatnakAryanAnAtvAdeSa prayatnena zabdo vyajyate janyate veti saMzaya iti / saMzayApAdanaprakArabhedAcca saMzayasamAtaH kAryasamA jAtibhidyate 24 / 65-tadevamudbhAvanaviSayavikalpabhedena jAtInAmAnanye'pyasaGkIrNodAharaNavivakSayA caturvizatirjAtibhedA ete darzitAH / pratisamAdhAnaM tu sarvajAtInAmanyathAnupapatilakSaNAnumAnalakSaNaparIkSaNameva / na hyaviplutalakSaNe hetAvevaMprAyAH pAMzupAtAH prabhavanti / kRtakatvaprayatnAnantaroyakatvayozca dRDhapratibandhatvAnnAvaraNAdikRtaM zabdAnupalambhanamapi tvanityatvakRtameva / jAtiprayoge ca pareNa kRte samyaguttarameva vaktavyaM na pratIpaM jAtyuttaraireva pratyavastheyamAsamaJjasya prasaGgAditi / 66-chalamapi ca samyaguttaratvAbhAvAjjAtyuttarameva / uktaM hyetadudbhAvanaprakArabhedenAnantAni jAtyuttarANIti / tatra parasya vadato'rthavikalpopapAdanena vacanavighAtazchalam / tatridhA vAkchalaM sAmAnyacchala mupacAracchalaM ceti / tatra sAdhAraNe zabde kahatA hai-prayatna ke do rUpa dikhAI dete haiM / prathama yaha ki prayatna kisI asat padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai, jaise ghaTa ko| dUsarA rUpa yaha hai ki prayatna ke dvArA AvaraNa haTa jAne se sat padArtha prakaTa ho jAtA hai, jaise miTTI se dabe hue mUla kIla Adi / isa prakAra jaba prayatna ke kArya nAnA haiM to sazaya utpanna hotA hai ki prayatna ke dvArA zabda vyakta kiyA jAtA hai athavA utpanna kiyA jAtA hai ? ___ saMzayasamA aura kAryasamA jAti meM saMzaya kA ApAdana karane meM bheda hai, ataeva kAryasamA jAti usase bhinna hai| ___isa prakAra (asat doSa kI) udbhAvanA ke viSaya aura vikalpa ke bheda se jAtiyA~ ananta haiM phira bhI unake pRthak udAharaNoM ko vivakSA karake cauvIsa bheda yahA~ dikhalAe gae haiN| ina sabhI. jAtiyoM kA pratisamAdhAna anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetu ke lakSaNa kI parIkSA karanA hI hai / anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa se yukta hetu kA prayoga kiyA jAya to usa para isa taraha kI dhUla nahIM DAlI jA sktii| kRtakatva aura prayatnAnantarIyakatva meM nizcita avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai, ataeva zabda kI anupalabdhi AvaraNa ke kAraNa nahIM varan anityatva ke kAraNa hI hotI hai / prativAdI yadi jAti kA prayoga kare to vAdI ko samIcIna utta: hI denA cAhie; asat uttara dekara hI usakA pratyavasthAna nahIM karanA cAhie / jAti prayoga ke badale meM jAti prayoga karane se asamaMjasa ho jAtA hai| chalanirUpaNa sampaka rUpa na hone se chala bhI jAtyuttara hI hai / yaha to pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki udbhAvanA ke prakAroM meM antara hone se jAtiyA~ ananta haiN| kisI vAdI ke vacana meM artha kA vikalpa utpanna karake usake vacana kA vighAta (khaNDana) karanA chala kahalAtA hai| chala tIna prakAra ke haiM-(1) vAkchala (2) sAmAnya chala aura (3) upacArachala /
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________________ 142 pramANamImAMsA prayukte vakturabhipretAdarthAvAntarakalpanayA taniSedho vAkchalam / yathA navakambalo'yaM mANavaka iti nUtanavivakSayA kithite paraH saGkhyAmAropya niSedhati-kuto'sya 'nava kambalA iti? / sambhAvanayAtiprasaGgino'pi sAmAnyasyopanyAse hetutvAropaNena taniSedhaH sAmAnyacchalam / yathA aho nu khalvasau brAhmaNo vidyAcaraNasampanna iti 'brAhmaNastutiprasaGge kazcidvadati-sambhavati brAhmaNe vidyAcaraNasampaditi / tat chala. 'vAdI brAhmaNatvasya hetutAmAropya nirAkurvannabhiyuGkte-yadi brAhmaNe vidyAcaraNasampad bhavati, vrAtye'pi sA bhavet vrAtyo'pi brAhmaNa eveti / aupacArike prayoge mukhyaprati'Sedhena pratyavasthAnamupacAracchalam / yathA maJcAH krozantIti ukte paraH pratyavatiSThate --kathamacetanAH maJcAH krozanti? maJcasthAstu puruSAH krozantIti / tadatra chalatraye'pi vRddhavyavahAraprasiddhazabdasAmarthyaparIkSaNameva samAdhAnaM veditavyamiti // 29 // (1)vAkchala-vaktA ne kisI sAdhAraNa-jisakA dUsarA bhI artha ho sakatA hai, zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| prativAdI usake abhISTa artha ko choDa kara dUsare artha kI kalpanA karake usake vacana kA khaMDana karatA hai / yaha vAkchala hai / jaise-kisI ne kahA-'yaha bAlaka navakambala hai / ' kahane vAle kA abhiprAya yaha thA ki isa bAlaka ke pAsa nava-navIna kambala hai, kintu prativAdI 'nava' zabda meM saMkhyA kA Aropa karake kahatA hai-kahA~ haiM isake pAsa nau kambala ? aisA kahanA bAkchala hai| (2)sAmAnyachala-saMbhAvanA ke AdhAra para vyabhicarita sAmAnya kA kathana karane para prativAdI yadi usa kathana ko hetu mAna letA hai aura usa kathana kA niSedha karatA hai to vaha sAmAnya chala kahalAtA hai / yathA 'vAha, yaha brAhmaNa hai vidyA aura AcaraNa se sampanna! isa prakAra brAhmaNa kI prazaMsA ke prasaMga meM koI kahatA hai-brAhmaNa meM vidyA aura AcaraNa kI sampatti ho sakatI hai| taba chalavAdI brAhmaNatva ko hetu mAnakara pUrvokta kathana kA nirAkaraNa karatA huA kahatA hai-yadi brAhmaNa meM vidyA aura AcaraNa kI sampatti ho sakatI haiM to vrAtya meM bhI honI caahie| vrAtya mI to brAhmaNa hI hai ! ____ tAtparya yaha hai ki yahAM brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa vidyA aura AcaraNa ke hone kI saMbhAvanA mAtra kI gaI thI magara chalavAdI ne brAhmaNatva ko hetu mAna liyA arthAt yaha puruSa vidyA aura sadAcAra se sampanna hai, kyoMki brAhmaNa hai, jo brAhmaNa hote haiM ve vidyA aura sadAcAra se sampanna hote haiN| isa prakAra kI kalpanA kara lI aura isI kalpanA ke AdhAra para vAdI ke kathana meM prAtya se vyabhicAra batalAyA / yahI sAmAnya chala kahalAtA hai / / (3) upacArachala-upacarita prayoga karane para use mukhya prayoga mAnanA aura usakA niSedha karanA upacArachala hai| yathA -'maJcAH krozanti-mAMce zora karate haiM isa prakAra upacAra se kahane para chalavAdI kahatA hai-acetana mAMce kaise zora kara sakate haiM ? maMcastha puruSa zora kara rahe haiN| yaha upacAra chala hai| ina tInoM chaloM kA samAdhAna vRddha janoM ke vyavahAra se prasiddha zabdasAmarthya kI parIkSA karanA hI hai // 29 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 67-sAdhanadUSaNAdyabhidhAnaM ca prAyo vAde bhavatIti bAdasya lakSaNamAha- . tattvasaMrakSaNArthaM pAznikAdisamakSaM sAdhanadUSaNavadanaM vAdaH // 30 // 68-svapakSasiddhaye vAdinaH 'sAdhanam' tatpratiSedhAya prativAdino 'duussnnm| prativAdino'pi svapakSasiddhaye 'sAdhanam' tatpratiSedhAya vAdino 'dUSaNam tadevaM vAdinaH sAdhanadUSaNe prativAdino'pi sAdhanadUSaNe dvayorvAdiprativAdibhyAm 'vadanam' abhidhAnam 'vAdaH' / kathamityAha-'prAznikAdisamakSam' / prAznikAH sabhyAH "svasamayaparasamayajJAH kulajAH pakSadvayepsitAH kSamiNaH / vAdapatheSvabhiyuktAstulAsamAH prAznikAH proktAH" / ityevNlkssnnaaH| 'Adi' grahaNena sabhApativAdiprativAdiparigrahaH, seyaM caturaGgA kathA ekasyApyaGgasya vaikalye kathAtvAnupapatteH / nahi varNAzramapAlanakSamaM nyAyAnyAyavyava: sthApakaM pakSapAtahitatvena samadRSTi sabhApati yathoktalakSaNAMzca prAznikAn vinA vAdiprativAdinau svAbhimatasAdhanadUSaNasaraNimArAdhayituM kSamau / nApi duHzikSitakutarkalezavAcAlabAlizajanaviplAvito gatAnugatiko janaH sanmArga pratipadyateti / tasya phalamAha-'tattvasaMrakSaNArtham / 'tattva' zabdena tattvanizcayaH sAdhujanahRdayaviparivartI gRhyate, tasya rakSaNaM durvidagdhajanajanitavikalpakalpanAta iti / 67-sAdhana aura dUSaNa kA prayoga prAyaH vAda meM hI kiyA jAtA hai, ataH vAda ke lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate haiM--sUtrArtha-tattva kA saMrakSaNa karane ke lie sabhyoM Adi ke samakSa sAdhana aura dUSaNa kA kathana karanA vAda hai // 30 // 68-vAdI apane pakSa kI siddhi ke lie sAdhana kA prayoga karatA hai aura pratipakSa kA niSedha karane ke lie dUSaNa kA prayoga karatA hai| prativAdI bhI isI prakAra sAdhana aura dUSaNa kA prayoga karatA hai / yahI vAda kahalAtA hai| kintu yaha sAdhana-dUSaNaprayoga sabhyoM Adi ke samakSa hotA hai / sUtra meM prayukta 'prAznika, zabda kA artha'sabhya hai / sabhya isa prakAra hone cAhie sva-para siddhAnta ke jJAtA, kulIna, donoM pakSoM ke dvArA svIkRta, kSamAvAna, vAda pakSa meM nipuNa aura talA ke samAna niSpakSa nyAya karane vAle prAznika kahe gae haiN| sUtra meM prayukta 'Adi' zabda se sabhApati vAdI aura prativAdI kA grahaNa hotA hai / jahA~ yaha cAroM hote haiM vaha caturaMga kathA kahalAtI hai / inameM se eka bhI aMga kI kamI hone para kathA (vAda) nahIM ho sktii| varNAzrama ke pAlana meM samartha, nyAya-anyAya kI vyavasthA karane vAle aura niSpakSa hone se samadRSTi sabhApati ke vinA aura pUrvokta lakSaNoM se sampanna prAznikoM ke vimA bAdI aura prativAdI svAbhimata sAdhana-dUSaNa kI praNAlI kA abalambana nahIM kara sakate / aura na duHzikSita, thoDA sA kutarka sIkha kara vAcAla bane hue maDha logoM dvArA baragalAe, lakIra ke phakIra loga sanmArga ko aMgIkAra kara sakate haiN| vAda kA phala hai tatva kA saMrakSaNa krnaa| yahI 'tatva' zabda se usa tattvanizcaya ko samajhanA cAhie jo bhadra puruSoM ke citta meM anyathA bhAsita
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________________ 144 pramANamImAMsA . 69-nanu tattvarakSaNaM jalpasya vitaNDAyA vA prayojanam / yadAha-"tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArtha jalpavitaNDe bIjaprarohasaMrakSaNArtha kaNTakazAkhAparicaraNavat (nyAyasU - 4 2.50 ) iti ; na. vAdasyApi nigrahasthAnavattvena tattvasaMrakSaNArthatvAt na cAsya nigrahasthAnavattvamasiddham / "pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH siddhAntAviruddhaH paJcAvayavopapannaH pakSapratipakSaparigraho vAdaH ( nyAyasU0 1, 2, 1 ) iti vAdalakSaNe siddhAntAdiruddha ityanenApasiddhAntasya, paJcAvayavopapanna ityanena nyUnAdhikayorhetvAbhAsapaJcakasya cetyaSTAnAM nigrahasthAnAnAmanujJAnAt, teSAM ca nigrahasthAnAntaropalakSaNatvAt / ata eva na jalpavitaNDe kathe, vAdasyaiva tattvasaMrakSaNArthatvAt / 70-nanu "yathoktopapannacchalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhanopAlambho jalpaH" (nyA 1.2, 2) "sa pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA" (nyA 1, 2, 3' iti lakSaNe bhedAjjalpavitaNDe api kathe vidyate eva? na; pratipakSasthApanAhInAyA vitaNDAyAH kathAtvAyogAt / vaitaNDiko hi svapakSamabhyupagamyAsthApayan yatkicidvAdena parapakSameva dUSayan kathamavadheyavacanaH? / jalpastu yadyapi dvayorapi vAdiprativAdinoH sAdhanopAlambhasambhAvanayA hone lagA ho / apane Apako paNDita mAnane vAle logoM ke dvArA utpanna kiye gaye vikalpoM kI kalpanA se usakI rakSA karanA hI vAda kA prayojana hai (koti yA arthalAbha Adi nhiiN|) 69-zaMkA-tattva kI rakSA karanA jalpa yA vitaNDa kA prayojana hai / nyAyasUtra meM kahA haijaise dhAnya ke aMkuroM kI rakSA ke lie kAMToM ko vADa kheta ke cAroM tarapha lagAI jAtI hai. usI prakAra tattvanizcaya kI rakSA ke lie jalpa aura vitaNDA kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| samAdhAnaaisA kahanA ThIka nahIM / vAda kA prayojana bhI tattvasaMrakSaNa karanA hai, kyoMki vaha bhI nigrahasthAna vAlA hotA hai / vAda nigrahasthAna vAlA hotA hai, yaha asiddha nahIM hai / nyAyasUtra meM vAda kA lakSaNa yoM diyA hai-'pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH siddhAntAviruddhaH paMcAvayavopapannaH pakSapratipakSaparipraho vAdaH / ' vAda ke isa lakSaNa meM 'siddhAntAviruddha' isa pada se apasiddhAnta nAmaka nigrahasthAna ko, 'paMcAvayavopapannaH' isa pada se nyUna aura adhika nigrahasthAnoM ko aura pAMca prakAra ke hetvAbhAsoM ko, isa prakAra ATha nigrahasthAnoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha ATha nigrahasthAna dUsare zeSa nigrahasthAnoM ke upalakSaNa haiM / ataeva jalpa aura vitaNDA kathA nahIM haiM, kevala vAda hI tattva ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hotA hai| 70-zaMkA-jisameM chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna, sAdhana aura dUSaNa kA prayoga ho vaha jalpa kahalAtA hai / vahI jalpa jaba pratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahita ho to vitaNDA kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra jalpa aura vitaNDA kA lakSaNa alaga-alaga hai, ataH ye donoM bhI kathAeM hI haiN| samAdhAnapratipakSa kI sthApanA se rahita vitaNDA ko kathA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bitaNDAvAdI apane pakSa ko svIkAra karake bhI use siddha nahIM karatA, vaha yadvA tadvA bolakara kevala parapakSa ko hI dUSita karatA hai / ataeva usakA kathana upAdeya kaise ho sakatA hai? hA~,jalpa meM vAdI aura prati
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 145 'kathAtvaM labhate tathApi na vAdAdarthAntaram, vAdenaiva caritArthatvAt / chalajAtinina* hasthAnabhUyastvayogAdacaritArtha iti cet na, chalajAtiprayogasya dUSaNAbhAsatvenAprayojyatvAt, nigrahasthAnAnAM ca vAdepyaviruddhatvAt na khalu khaTacapeTAmukhabandhAdayo'nu. citA nigrahA jalpe'pyupayujyante / ucitAnAM ca nigrahasthAnAnAM vAde'pi na virodho. 'sti / tanna vAdAt jalpasya kazcid vizeSo'sti / lAbhapUjAkhyAtikAmitAdIni tu prayojanAni tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNalakSaNapradhAnaphalAnubandhIni puruSadharmatvAdvAde'pi na nivArayituM pAryante / ___71-nanu chalajAtiprayogo'saduttaratvAdvAde na bhavati, jalpe tu tasyAnujJAnAdasti vAdajalpayovizeSaH / yadAha "duHzikSitakutarkAzalezavAcAlitAnanAH / zakyAH kimanyathA jetuM vitaNDATopapaNDitAH // . gatAnugatiko lokaH kumArga tatpratAritaH / . mA gAditi cchalAdIni prAha kAruNiko mniH"|| iti (nyA.ma.pR.11) vAdI donoM svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSadUSaNa karate haiM isa kAraNa vaha kathA to avazya hai parantu vAda se bhinna nahIM hai / usakA samAveza vAda meM hI ho jAtA hai| zaMkA-- jalpa meM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna kI pracuratA rahatI hai, isa kAraNa usakA vAda meM samAveza nahIM ho sakatA, samAdhAna-nahIM / chala aura jAti vastutaH dUSaNAmAsa haiM / ataeva unake prayogamAtra se jalpa ko vAda se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / raha gae nigrahasthAna, so unakA prayoga to vAda meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / nigraha do prakAra ke hote haiM-anucita aura ucita / thappaDa mAranA, prativAdI kA muMha baMda kara denA Adi anucita nigraha haiM / jalpa meM bhI inakA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / ucita nigrahasthAnoM kA prayoga vAda meM bhI hotA hI hai / isa kAraNa vAda aura jalpa meM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai. jisase donoM ko pRthak pRthak kathA svIkAra kiyA jaae| lAma, pUjA athavA khyAti kI kAmanA Adi prayojana tattva nizcaya ke saMrakSaNa rUpa pradhAna phala ke anujIvI haiN| ye puruSa ke dharma hai / ataeva vAda meM bhI inheM rokA nahIM jA sktaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki lAbha Adi prayojana jalpa meM hote hoM aura vAda meM na hote hoM, aisI bAta nahIM hai / ataeva isa AdhAra para bhI donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___71-zaMkA-chala aura jAti kA prayoga asat uttara hone ke kAraNa vAda meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu jalpa meM unake prayoga kI anumati dI gaI hai / isa kAraNa vAda aura jalpa meM bheda hai| kahA bhI hai jinhoMne duHzikSA pAI hai, jo thor3A-sA kutarka kA aMza sIkha kara vAcAla bane hue haiM aura vitaNDA ke ADambara se yukta haiM, ve kyA anyathA arthAt chala jAti Adi ke vinA jIte jA sakate haiM? kadApi nhiiN|'
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________________ 146 pramANamImAMsA naivam / asaduttaraiH parapratikSepasya kartumayuktatvAt; na hyanyAyena jayaM yazo dhanaM vA mahAtmAnaH samIhate / atha prabalaprativAdidarzanAt tajjaye dharmadhvaMsasambhAvanAt, pratibhAkSayeNa samyaguttarasyApratibhAsAdasaduttarairapi pAMzubhirivAvakiranekAntaparAjayAdvaraM sandeha iti dhiyA na doSamAvahatIti cet; na, asyApavAdikasya jAtyuttaraprayogasya kathAntarasamarthanasAmarthyAbhAvAt / vAda eva dravyakSetrakAlabhAvAnusAreNa yadyasaduttaraM kathaMcana prayuJjIta kimetAvatA kathAntaraM prasajyeta ? / tasmAjjalpavitaNDAnirAkarana vAda evaikaH kathAprathAM labhata iti sthitam ||30|| 72-vAdazca jayaparAjayAvasAno bhavatIti jayaparAjayayorlakSaNamAhasvapakSasya siddhirjayaH // 31 // 73 - vAdinaH prativAdino vA yA svapakSasya siddhiH sA jayaH / sA ca svapakSasAdhanadoSaparihAreNa parapakSasAdhanadoSodbhAvanena ca bhavati / svapakSe sAdhanamabruvannapi prativAdI vAdisAdhanasya viruddhatAmudbhAvayan vAdinaM jayati, viruddhatodbhAvanenaiva svapakSe 'sAdhAraNa jana gatAnugatika hote haiM --- bheMr3acAla se calate haiM / ve aise logoM ke bahakAva meM Akara kumArga para na cale jAe~, isa hetu se dayAlu muni-akSapAda RSi ne chala Adi kA upadeza diyA '' samAdhAna - aisA na kaho / asat uttaroM se parapakSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA ucita nahIM hai / mahAtmA puruSa anyAya ke dvArA vijaya, yaza yA dhana prApta karane kI icchA nahIM karate / zaMkA-kahIM prativAdI prabala dikhAI de aura usake vijayI hone se dharma ke dhvaMsa kI saMbhAvanA ho yA pratibhA mArI jAya aura isa kAraNa samyak uttara nahIM sUjha rahA ho to dhUla bikherane ke samAna asat uttaroM kA hI prayoga karanA ThIka hai / ekAnta parAjaya se to jaya-parAjaya saMbaMdhI sandeha raha jAnA hI acchA hai / isa dRSTikoNa se chala Adi ke prayoga meM koI doSa nahIM hai / samAdhAna- nhiiN| aisA jAtiprayoga apavAdarUpa hai - koI sAmAnya vidhAna nahIM / ataeva isake AdhAra para eka pRthak prakAra kI kathA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke anusAra kadAcit vAda meM hI asat uttara kA prayoga kara diyA jAya to kyA itane mAtra se hI vaha kathA alaga prakAra kI ho jAegI ? ataeva jalpa aura vitaNDA ko chor3a kara eka mAtra vAda hI kathA kahalAne ke yogya hai / yaha siddhAnta pramANita huA ||30|| 72 - jaya aura parAjaya hone para vAda kA anta ho jAtA hai, ataeva jaya aura parAjaya kA lakSaNa kahate haiM - sUtrArtha - apane pakSa kI siddhi ho jAnA jaya hai // 31 // 73 - vAdI athavA prativAdI kA apanA jo pakSa hai, usakI siddhi ho jAnA hI usakI jaya hai| svapakSa kI siddhi taba hotI hai jaba apane pakSa ke sAdhana meM prativAdIdvArA udbhAvita doSoM kA parihAra kara diyA jAya aura virodhI pakSa ke sAdhana meM doSa kA udbhAvana kiyA jAya / hA~, prativAdI yadi vAdI ke sAdhana viruddhatA doSa kA udbhAvana kare to vaha apane pakSa kI siddhi meM sAdhana kA prayoga kiye vinA bhI vAdI para vijaya prApta kara letA hai / parapakSa meM viru
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 17 sAdhanasyoktatvAt / yadAha-"viruddhaM hetumudbhAvya vAdinaM jayatItaraH" iti // 31 // asiddhiH parAjayaH // 32 // 74-vAdinaH prativAdino vA yA svapakSasya 'asiddhiH sA 'parAjayaH / sAca sAdhanAbhAsAbhidhAnAt, samyaksAdhane'pi vA paroktadUSaNAnuddharaNAdbhavati // 32 // 75-nanu yadyasiddhiH parAjayaH, sa tahi kIdRzo nigrahaH ?, nigrahAntA hi kathA bhavatItyAha sa nigraho vAdiprativAdinoH // 33 // 76-'sa' parAjaya eva 'vAdiprativAdino' 'nigrahaH' na vdhbndhaadiH| athavA sa eva svapakSAsiddhirUpaH parAjayo nigrahahetutvAnnigraho nAnyo yathAhuH pare-vipratipattirapratipattizca nigrahasthAnam" (nyAyasU0 1. 2. 19) iti // 33 // 77--tatrAha na vipratipattyapratipattimAtram // 34 // 78-viparItA kutsitA vigarhaNIyA pratipattiH 'vipratipattiH'-sAdhanAbhAse sAdhanabuddhirdUSaNAbhAse ca dUSaNabuddhiH / apratipattistvArambhaviSaye'nArambhaH / sa ca ddhatA kA ubhAvana karanA hI eka prakAra se svapakSa meM sAdhana kA prayoga karanA hai| kahA bhI hai-'viruddha hetu kA udbhAvana karake prativAdI vAdI ko jIta letA hai' aadi||31|| sUtrArtha-svapakSa kI siddhi na honA hI parAjaya hai // 32 // 74-vAdI yA prativAdI ke apane pakSa ko jo asiddhi hai, vahI parAjaya hai / vaha asiddhi yA parAjaya sAdhana ke badale sAdhanAbhAsa kA prayoga karane se athavA samIcIna sAdhana kA prayoga karane para bhI parokta dUSaNa kA nivAraNa na karane se hotI hai // 32 // 75-zaMkA-yadi asiddhi hI parAjaya hai to nigraha kaisA hotA hai ? vAda nigrahAnta hotA hai arthAt vAdI yA prativAdI jaba nigrahasthAna ko prApta hotA hai tabhI vAda ko samApti ho jAtI hai| isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie kahA gayA hai sUtrArtha-parAjaya hI vAdI aura prativAdI kA nigraha hai // 33 / 76-vAdI athavA prativAdI kA parAjaya honA hI nigraha hai, badha yA bandhana nahIM / athavA apane pakSa kI siddhi na hone rUpa parAjaya hI nigraha kA kAraNa hone se nigraha kahalAtA hai| isase bhinna koI nigraha nahIM hai, jaisA ki dUsare (naiyAyika) kahate haiM- vipratipatti aura apratipatti nigrahasthAna haiM // 33 // 77-isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai-sUtrArtha-vipratipatti aura apratipatti mAtra nigrahasthAna nahIM haiM 34 78-viparIta-kutsita yA vigarhaNIya pratipatti ko arthAt ulaTI samajha ko vipratipatti kahate haiM / sAdhanAbhAsa ko sAdhana samajha baiThanA aura dUSaNAbhAsa ko svaccha vAstavika dUSaNa samajha lemA vipratipatti hai / jo karanA cAhie use na karanA arthAt virodhI pakSa ke sAdhana ko duSitama
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________________ pramANamImAMsA sAdhane dUSaNaM dUSaNe coddharaNaM tayorakaraNam 'apratipattiH / dvidhA hi vAdI parAjIyateyathAkartavyamapratipadyamAno viparItaM vA pratipadyamAna iti / vipratipattyapratipattI eva 'vipratipattyapratipattimAtram' 'na' parAjayahetuH kintu svapakSasyAsiddhireveti / vipratipattyapratipattyozca nigrahasthAnatvanirAsAt tadbhedAnAmapi nigrahasthAnatvaM nirastam / 79-te ca dvAviMzatirbhavanti / tadyathA-1 pratijJAhAniH, 2 pratijJAntaram, 3 pratijJAvirodhaH, 4 pratijJAsaMnyAsaH, 5 hetvantaram, 6 arthAntaram, 7 nirarthakama, 8 avijJAtArtham, 9 apArthakam, 10 aprAptakAlam, 11 nyUnam, 12 adhikam, 13 punaruktam, 14 ananubhASaNam, 15 ajJAnam,16 apratibhA, 17 vikSepaH, 18 matAnujJA, 19 paryanuyojyopekSaNam, 20 niranuyojyAnuyogaH, 21 apasiddhAntaH, 22 hetvAbhAsAzceti / atrAnanubhASaNamajJAnamapratibhA vikSepaH paryanuyojyopekSaNamityapratipattiprakArAH / zeSA vipratipattibhedAH / 80-tatra pratijJAhAnerlakSaNam-"pratidRSTAntadharmAnujJA svadRSTAnte pratijJAhAniH" (nyayasU 0.5. 2, 2.) iti sUtram / asya bhAsyakarIyaM vyakhyAnam-"sAdhyadharmapratyanIkena dharmeNa pratyavasthitaHpratidRSTAntadharma svadRSTAnte'nujAnan pratijJAM jahAtIti pratijJAhAniH / yathAanityaH zabdaH aindriyakatvAd ghaTavadityukte paraH pratyavatiSThate-sAmAnyakaranA aura diye hue doSa kA udhAra na karanA apratipatti hai| vAdI kA parAjaya do prakAra se hotA hai- apane kartavya ko pUrA na karane se athavA viparIta rUpa se pUrA karane se yaha vipratipatti aura apratipatti mAtra parAjaya kA kAraNa nahIM hai kintu apane pakSa ko asiddhi hI parAjaya hai| yahA~ vipratipatti aura apratipatti kI nigrahasthAnatA kA niSedha karane se yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki inake bheda bhI nigrahasthAna nahIM haiN| 79--vipratipatti aura apratipatti ke bhedarUpa nigrahasthAna bAIsa haiN| yathA--(1)pratijJAhAni (2) pratijJAntara (3) pratijJAviradha (4) pratijJAsaMnyAsa (5) hetvantara (6) arthAntara (7) nirarthaka (8) avijJAtArtha (9) apArthaka (10) aprAptakAla (11) nyana (12) adhika (13) punarukta (14) ananubhASaNa (15) ajJAna (16) apratibhA (17) vikSepa (18) matAnujJA (11) paryanuyojyopekSaNa (20) niranuyojyAnuyoga (21) apasiddhAnta (22) hetvAbhAsa / ___ ina bAIsa meM se ananubhASaNa, ajJAna, apratibhA, vikSepa aura paryanuyojyopekSaNa apratipatti ke bheda haiN| ....80--pratijJAhAni-'pratidRSTAntadharmAnujJA svadRSTAnte pratijJAhAniH' arthAt pratidRSTAnta ke dharma ko apane dRSTAnta meM svIkAra kara lenA pratijJAhAni nigrahasthAna hai| isa nigrahasthAna kI vyAkhyA nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra ne isa prakAra kI hai-jaba prativAdI sAdhyadharma ke virodhI kisI dharma se vAdI ke (hetu kA nirAkaraNa) kare taba vAdI virodhI dRSTAnta ke dharma ko apane dRSTAnta meM svIkAra kara le to vaha apanI pratijJA kA parityAga karatA hai, isa kAraNa pratijJAhAni hotI hai| yathA-vAdI ne prayoga kiyA-'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha indriya kA viSaya hai, jo indriya
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 149 maindriyakaM nityaM dRSTaM kasmAnna tathA zabdo'pItyevaM svaprayuktahetorAbhAsatAmavasyannapi kathAvasAnamakRtvA pratijJAtyAgaM karoti-yaundriyakaM sAmAnyaM nityam, kAmaM ghaTo'pi nityo'stviti / sa khalvayaM sAdhanasya dRSTAntasya nityatvaM prasajan nigamanAntameva pakSa jahAti / pakSaM ca parityajan pratijJAM jahAtItyucyate pratijJAzrayatvAt pakSasyeti" (nyAyamA0 5. 2. 2 ) / tadetadasaGgatameva, sAkSAd dRSTAntahAnirUpatvAt tasyAH tatraiva dharmaparityAgAt / paramparayA tu hetUpanayanigamanAnAmapi tyAgaH, dRSTAntAsAdhutve teSAmapyasAdhutvAt / tathA ca pratijJAhAnirevetyasaGgatameva / vAttikakArastu vyAcaSTe-"dRSTazcAsAvante sthitatvAdantazceti dRSTAntaH pakSaH / svadRSTAntaH svapakSaH / pratiddaSTAntaH pratipakSaH / pratipakSasya dharma svapakSe'bhyanujAnana pratijJAM jahAti-yadi sAmAnyamandriyakam nityaM zabdo'pyevamastviti" (nyAyavA05 2. 2.) / tadetadapi vyAkhyAnamasaGgatam. itthameva pratijJAhAneravadhArayitumazakyatvAt / na khalu pratipakSasya dharma svapakSe'bhyanujAnata eva pratijJAtyAgo yenAyameka eva prakAraH pratijJAhAnau syAt, adhikSepAdibhi kA viSaya hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai,jaise ghaTa / vAdI ke isa prakAra kahane para prativAdI dUSaNa detA hai-'sAmAnya indriya kA viSaya hotA huA bhI jaise nitya hai, usI prakAra zabda bhI nitya kyoM nahIM ho sakatA ?' isa prakAra kahane para vAdI apane para prayukta hetu ko AbhAsatA (anaikAntikatA ) ko jAna letA hai, phira bhI kathA kA anta na karake apanI pratijJA kA tyAga karatA huA kahatA hai-'yadi sAmAnya indriya kA viSaya hote hue bhI nitya hai to bhale ghaTa bhI nitya ho ! isa prakAra vAdI apane pakSamAdhaka dRSTAnta meM (ghaTa meM) nityatA kA prasaMga detA huA apane nigamanaparyanta pakSa kA hI parityAga karatA hai ( zabda kI anityatArUpa pakSa ko tyAga detA hai )aura pakSa kA parityAga karatA huA pratijJA ko hI tyAga detA hai, kyoMki pakSa kA AdhAra pratijJA hai) sapakSabhata ghaTa kI nityatA kI nayI pratijJA karatA hai| yaha pratijJAhAni nigrahasthAna hai / nayAyikoM kA yaha kathana asaMgata hai / uparyukta pratijJAhAni sAkSAt dRSTAntahAni rUpa haiM' kyoMki yahA~ dRSTAnta meM hI dharma kA parityAga kiyA gayA hai / hA~, paramparA se hetu ,upanaya aura nigamana kA bhI tyAga kiyA hai, kyoMki dRSTAnta asamIcIna hone para hetu Adi bhI asamIcIna ho jAte haiM, / aisI sthiti meM ise pratijJA kI hI hAni kahanA asaMgata hai| nyAyavAttikakAra ne pratidRSTAntadharmAnujJA svadRSTAnte pratijJAhAniH' isa sUtra meM Ae hue dRSTAnta zabda kA artha pakSa kiyA hai| svadRSTAnta arthAt svapakSa aura pratidRSTAnta arthAt pratipakSa / Azaya yaha huA ki pratapakSa ke dharma ko svapakSa meM svIkAra karatA huA vAdI apanI pratijJA kA tyAga karatA hai, yathA-'yadi sAmAnya indriya kA viSaya hotA huA bhI nitya hai to zabda bhI nitya ho jAya / kintu vAttikakAra kA yaha vyAkhyAna bhI saMgata nahIM hai / pratijJA kI hAni isI eka prakAra se hotI hai, aisA avadhAraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai| pratipakSa ke dharma ko apane pakSa meM svIkAra karane vAlA hI pratijJA kA tyAga karatA hai, aisI bAta to hai nahIM, jisase ki pratijJAhAni kA yahI eka prakAra
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________________ 150 pramANamImAMsA rAkulIbhAvAt prakRtyA sabhAbhIrutvAdanyamanaskatvAdervA nimittA (t) kiJcit sAdhvatvena pratijJAya tadviparItaM pratijAnAnasyApyupalambhAt puruSabhrAnteranekakAraNakatvopapatteriti 1 / 81-pratijJAtArthapratiSedhe pareNa kRte tatraiva miNi dharmAntaraM sAdhanIyamabhidadhataH pratijJAntaraM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati anityaH zabdaH aindriyakatvAdityukte tathaiva sAmAnyana vyabhicAre nodite yadi brUyAt-yuktaM sAmAnyamaindriyakaM nityaM taddhi sarvagatamasarvagatastu zabda iti / so'yam 'anityaH zabdaH' iti pUrvapratijJAtaH pratijJAntaram 'asarvagataH zabda' iti kurvan pratijJAntareNa nigRhIto bhavati / etadapi pratijJAhAnivanna yuktam, tasyApyanekanimittatvopapatteH / pratijJAhAnitazcAsya kathaM bhedaH, pakSatyAgasyobhayatrAvizeSAt ? / yathaiva hi pratidRSTAntadharmasya svadRSTAnte'bhyanujJAnAt pakSatyAgastathA pratijJAntarAdapi / yathA ca svapakSasiddhayarya pratijJAntaraM vidhIyate tathA zabdAnityatvasiddhayarthaM bhrAntivazAt tadvacchabdo'pi nityo'stu' ityanujJAnam, yathA cAbhrAntasyedaM viruddhacate tathA pratijJAntaramapi / nimittabhedAcca tadbhede aniSTanigrahasthAnAntarANAmapyanuSaGgaH syAt / teSAM ca tatrAntarbhAve pratijJAntarasyApi pratijJAhAnAvantarbhAvaH syAditi 2 / / saMbhava ho / vAdI yadi AkSepa Adi kisI kAraNa se vyAkula ho jAya, prakRti se hI sabhAbhIru ho yA anyamanaska ho, ityAdi kisI bhI nimitta se kisI dharma ko sAdhya banA kara phira usase viparIta pratijJA kA prayoga karane laga sakatA hai / puruSoM kI bhrAntikA eka hI kAraNa nahIM hotA -aneka kAraNoM se bhrAnti hotI dekhI jAtI hai| 41-pratijJAntara-pratijJA artha kA prativAdI dvArA niSedha karane para yadi vAdI usI pakSa meM dUsare dharma ko siddha karane lame to pratijJAntara nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai / yathA-'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha indriya kA viSaya hai' aisA kahane para prativAdo ne pUrvavat sAmAnya se vyabhicAra kA prasaMga diyaa| tava vAdI yadi aisA kahane lage-'Thoka hai sAmAnya indriya kA viSaya hotA huA bhI nitya hai, kintu sAmAnya sarvagata (vyApaka ) hai aura zabda asarvagata hai / isaprakAra kahane vAlA vAdI 'zabda anitya hai, apanI isa dUsarI pratijJA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai / vaha pratijJAntara nAmaka nigraha se nigRhIta hotA hai| yaha pratijJAnigrahasthAna bhI pratijJAhAni ke samAna ucita nahIM hai / pratijJAntara bhI aneka nimittoM se ho sakatA hai / isake atirikta jaba pakSa kA tyAga donoM meM samAna hai to pratijJAhAni se isameM vizeSatA kyA rahI hai ? jaise pratidRSTAnta ke dharma ko svadRSTAnta meM svIkAra karane se pakSa kA tyAga ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra pratijJAntara se bhI pakSa kA tyAga ho jAtA hai / kadAcit kahA jAya ki pakSatyAga donoM jagaha samAna hone para bhI usake nimitta meM bheda hai, isa kAraNa nigrahasthAnoM meM bhI bheda mAnA gayA hai to phira dUsare aise nigrahasthAna bhI mAnane paDeMge jinheM Apane mAnA nahIM hai / agara unakA inhIM meM antarbhAva honA kahate ho to pratijJAntara kA bhI pratijJAhAni meM hI antarbhAva ho jAnA caahie|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 151 82-"pratijJAhetvovirodhaHpratijJAvirodhaH"( nyAyasU0 5, 2, 4 )nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / yathA guNavyatiriktaM dravyaM rUpAdibhyo'rthAntarasyAnupalabdheriti / so'yaM pratijJAhetvovirodhaH-yadi guNavyatiriktaM dravyaM kathaM rUpAdibhyo'rthAntarasyAnupalabdhiH?, atha rUpAdibhyo'rthAntarasyAnupalabdhiH kathaM guNavyatiriktaM dravyamiti?, tadayaM pratijJAviruddhAbhidhAnAt parAjIyate / tadetadasaGgatam / yato hetunA pratijJAyAH pratijJAtve niraste prakArAntarataH pratijJAhAniraveyamuktA syAt, hetudoSo vA viruddhatAlakSaNaH, na pratijJAdoSa iti 3 , 83-pakSasAdhane pareNa dUSite taduddharaNAzaktyA pratijJAmeva nihanuvAnasya pratijJAsaMnyAso nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / yathA anityaH zabdaH aindriyakatvAdityukte tathaiva sAmAnyenAnekAntikatAyAmudbhAvitAyAM yadi brUyAt-ka evamAha-anityaH zabda iti -sa pratijJAsaMnyAsAt parAjito bhavatIti / etadapi pratijJAhAnito na bhidyate,hetoranaikAntikatvopalambhenAtrApi pratijJAyAH parityAgAvizeSAt 4 / / 84-avizeSAbhihite hetau pratiSiddhe tadvizeSaNamabhidadhato hetvantaraM nAma ninahasthAnaM bhavati / tasminneva prayoge tathaiva sAmAnyasya vyabhicAreNa dUSite-'jAtimattve 82-pratijJAvirodha-pratijJA aura hetu meM virodha honA / jaise dravya guNoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki rUpa Adi se bhinna upalabdha nahIM hotA / yahA~ pratijJA aura hetu meM virodha hai-yadi dravya guNoM se bhinna hai to rUpAdi se bhinna upalabdha honA caahie| yadi bhinna nahIM upalabdha hotaa| bhinna kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? isa prakAra pratijJA se viruddha hetu kA prayoga karane se vAdI parAjita ho jAtA hai / kintu yaha nigrahasthAna bhI asaMgata hai / yadi hetu ke dvArA pratijJA kA pratijJAtva nirasta kara diyA gayA to prakArAntara se yaha 'pratijJAhAni' hI ho gaI ; athavA yaha heta meM viruddhatA doSa haA-pratijJAdoSa nhiiN| . 83-pratijJAsaMnyAsa-prativAdI ke dvArA sAdhana meM doSa kI udbhAvanA karane para vAdI jaba usa doSa kA nivAraNa karane meM samartha na ho tava apanI pratijJA se hI mukara jAya to pratijJAsaMnyAsa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai / yathA-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki indriya kA viSaya hai, isa prakAra kahane para prativAdI sAmAnya se vyabhicAra doSa kA udbhAvana kre| aisI sthiti meM vAdI yadi kahane lage-'kauna kahatA hai ki zabda anitya hai|' isa prakAra apanI pratijJA kA hI apalApa kara denA pratijJAsaMnyAsa kahalAtA hai / isase vAdI kA parAjaya hotA hai / kintu yaha bhI pratijJAhAni se pRthak nahIM hai / apane hetu ko anaikAntika pAkara kaha pratijJA kA (apalApa kara ke) tyAga karatA hai| 84 hetvantara-vAdI ne vinA vizeSaNa ke hetu kA prayoga kiyaa| prativAdI ne usakA pratiSedha kiyaa| taba vAdI yadi hetu ke sAtha koI vizeSaNa jor3a de to hetvantara nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai, yathA-zabda anitya hai, ityAdi prayoga meM pUrvavat sAmAnya se anekAntikatA doSa kI udbhAvanA
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________________ pramANamImAMsA sati ityAdivizeSaNamupAdadAno hetvantareNa nigRhIto bhavati / idamapyatiprasRtam, yato'vizeSokte dRSTAnte upanaye nigamane vA pratiSiddha vizeSa micchato dRSTAntAdyantaramapi nigrahasthAnAntaramanuSajyeta, tatrApyAkSepasamAdhAnAnAM samAnatvAditi 5 / 85-prakRtAdarthAntaraM tadanaupayikamabhidadhato'rthAntaraM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / yathA anityaH zabdaH, kRtakatvAditi hetuH / heturiti hinoterdhAtostupratyaye kRdantaM padam / padaM ca nAmAkhyAtanipAtopasargA iti prastutya nAmAdIni vyAcakSANo'rthAntareNa nigRhyate / etadapyarthAntaraM nigrahasthAnaM samarthe sAdhane 'dUSaNe vA prokte nigrahAya kalpeta, asamarthe vA? / na tAvatsamarthe; svasAdhyaM prasAdhya nRtyato'pi doSAnAvAllo. kavat / asamarthe'pi prativAdinaH pakSasiddhau tat nigrahAya syAdasiddhau vA? / prathamapakSe tatpakSasiddherevAsya nigraho na tvato nigrahasthAnAt / dvitIyapakSe'pyato na nigrahaH, pakSasiddharubhayorapyabhAvAditi 6 / karane para jAtimattve 1sati aisA vizeSaNa lagAne vAlA vAdI hetvantara nigrahasthAna se parAjita hotA hai / kintu yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai / jaise nivizeSaNa hetu kA prayoga karane para bAda meM vizeSaNa lagAnA hetvantara hai, usIprakAra nivizeSaNa dRSTAnta, upanaya yA nigamana kA prayoga kiyA jAya aura prativAdI usameM doSa pradarzita kare to dRSTAnta Adi meM vizeSaNa lagAnA bhI dRSTAntara,upanayAntara aura nigamanAntara nAmaka nigrahasthAna mAnanA caahie| kyoMki jo yukti hetvantara ke lie hai vahI dRSTAntara Adi ke lie bhI hogii| 85-arthAntara-prakRta artha se arthAntara kA kathana karanA jisakA ki prakRta artha kI siddhi se koI sambandha na ho arthAntara nigrahasthAna kahalAtA hai| yathA-zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai / yahA~ kRtakatva hetu hai / 'hinoti, dhAtu se 'tu, pratyaya lagAne para 'hetu. aisA kRdantapada niSpanna hotA hai / pada kaI prakAra ke hote haiM-nAmapada, AkhyAtapada, nipAtapada aura upasargapada isa prakAra kaha kara phira nAma Adi kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA arthAntara nigrahasthAna se nigRhIta hotA hai| kinta yaha arthAntaranAmaka nigrahasthAna sAdhya ko siddha karane meM samartha sAdhana yA samartha dUSaNa kA prayoga karane para nigraha kA kAraNa hotA hai yA asamartha sAdhana yA dUSaNa kA prayoga karane para? yadi samartha sAdhana yA dUSaNa ke pazcAt vAdI arthAntara-kathana karatA hai to vaha nigraha kA kAraNa nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki apane sAdhya ko siddha kara cukane ke pazcAt agara vaha nAcane bhI lage to bhI koI doSa kI bAta nahIM haiM / loka meM bhI aisA dekhA jAtA hai| agara vAdI ne asamartha sAdhana athavA dUSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai to prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi hone para vAdI nigRhIta hogA athavA siddhi na hone para bhI nigRhIta ho jAegA? agara prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi hone 1-indriya kA viSaya hone se, itanA mAtra hetu sAmAnya meM pAyA jAtA hai ataH vyabhicArI hai kintu jAtimatve sati vizeSaNa lagAne se vyabhicAra nahIM hotA. kyoMki sAmAnya jAtimAna nahIM arthAta sAmAnya meM sAmAnya nahIM pAyA jaataa|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 153 86 - abhidheyarahitavarNAnupUrvIprayogamAtraM nirarthakaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / yathA anityaH zabdaH kacaTatapAnAM gajaDadabatvAda ghajhaDhadhabhavaditi / etadapi sarvathArthazUnyatvAnnigrahAya kalpeta, sAdhyAnupayogAdvA ? / tatrAdyavikalpo'yuktaH, sarvathArthazUnyazabdasyaivAsambhavAt, varNakramanirdezasyApyanukAryeNArthenArthavattvopapatteH / dvitIya vikalpe sarvameva nigrahasthAnaM nirarthakaM syAt sAdhyasiddhAvanupayogitvAvizeSAt / kiJcidvizeSamAtreNa bhede vA khATkRta - hastAsphAlana - kakSApiTTitAderapi sAdhyAnupayogino nigrahasthAnAntaratvAnuSaGga iti 87 yat sAdhanavAkyaM dUSaNavAkyaM vA trirabhihitamapi pariSatprativAdibhyAM boddhuM na zakyate tat avijJAtArthaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / atredamucyate - vAdinA trirabhihitamapi vAkyaM pariSatprativAdibhyAM mandamatitvAdavijJAtam, gUDhAbhidhAnato vA drutoccArAdvA ? | prathamapakSe satsAdhanavAdino'pyetannigrahasthAnaM syAt, tatrApyanayormandamatitvenAvijJAtatvasambhavAt / dvitIyapakSe tu patravAkyaprayoge'pi tatprasaGgaH, gUMDhApara vAdI nigRhIta hotA hai to prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi hone se hI usakA nigraha ho jAegA isa arthAntaranigrahasthAna se nahIM / dUsare pakSa ko svIkAra kiyA jAya to bhI isa arthAntara nigrahasthAna se hI usakA nigraha nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki donoM ke hI pakSa kI siddhi nahIM huI hai| 86- abhidheyarahita varNAnupUrvI mAtra ko nirarthaka nigrahasthAna kahate haiM, arthAt anukrama se aise varNoM kA uccAraNa karanA ki jinakA kucha bhI artha na ho, vaha nirarthaka nigrahasthAna hai / yathA zabda anitya hai, kacaTatapa kA gajaDadaba hone se, jaise ghajhaDhadhabha / isa nigrahasthAna ko sarvathA arthazUnya hone se nigraha kA kAraNa mAnate ho athavA sAdhya meM upayogI na hone se ? pahalA pakSa yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvathA arthazUnya zabda kA honA hI asaMbhava hai / varNakrama kA nirdeza bhI antataH anukArya artha se arthavAn hotA hI hai / arthAt usase bhI kisI na kisI kA anukaraNa dhvanita hotA hai / dUsarA pakSa aMgIkAra karo to sabhI nigrahasthAna nirarthaka kahalAe~ge, kyoMki sAdhyasiddhi meM anupayogI haiN| thoDe se antara ke kAraNa yadi pRthak nigrahasthAna mAnate ho to khaTakhaTa karanA, hAtha phaTakAranA aura kAMkha pITanA Adi bhI jo sAdhya meM anupayogI haiM, alaga nigrahasthAna mAnane paDeMge / 87- avijJAtArtha- jo sAdhana vAkya yA dUSaNavAkya tInabAra bolane para pariSad aura prativAdI kI samajha meM na Ave vaha avijJAtArtha nAmaka nigrahasthAna kahalAtA hai / isake viSaya meM praSTavya yaha hai ki vAdI ke tIna bAra bolane para bhI pariSad aura prativAdI mandabuddhi hone ke kAraNa na samajha pAveM, gUDha zabdoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa na samajha sakeM ? athavA jaldI-jaldI uccAraNa karane se na samajha sakeM ? prathama pakSa meM samIcIna sAdhana bolane vAlA bhI nigRhIta ho jAegA, kyoMki manda hone ke kAraNa pariSad aura prativAdI satsAdhana ko na samajha sakeM, yaha saMbhava hai| dUsarA pakSa svIkAra karo to patravAkya meM bhI avijJAtatA doSa mAnanA paDegA /
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________________ 154 pramANamImAMsA bhidhAnatayA pariSatprativAdinormahAprAjJayorapyavijJAtatvopalambhAt / athAbhyAmavi. jJAtamapyetat vAdI vyAcaSTe ; gUDhopanyAsamapyAtmanaH sa eva vyAcaSTAm, avyAkhyAne tu jayAbhAva evAsya, na punarnigrahaH, parasya pakSasiddharabhAvAt / drutoccArepyanayoH kathaJcit jJAnaM sambhavatyeva, siddhAntadvayaveditvAt / sAdhyAnupayogini tu vAdinaH pralA. pamAtre tayoravijJAnaM nAvijJAtArtha varNakramanirdezavat / tato nedamavijJAtArtha nirarthakAdvidyata iti 8 / 88-pUrvAparAsaGgatapadasamUhaprayogAdapratiSThitavAkyArthamapArthakaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / yathA daza dADimAni SaDapUpA ityAdi / etadapi nirarthakAna bhidyate / yathaiva hi gajaDadabAdau varNAnAM nairarthakyaM tathAtra padAnAmiti / yadi punaH padanararthakyaM varNanararthakyAdanyatvAnnigrahasthAnAntaraM tahi vAkyanararthakyasyApyAbhyAmanyatvAnnigrahasthAnAntaratvaM syAt padavatpaurvAparyeNA'prayujyamAnAnAM vAkyAnAmapyanekadhopalabhyAt - "zaGkhaH kadalyAM kadalI ca bheryAM tasyAM ca bheryAM sumahadvimAnam / __tacchaGgha bherIkadalIvimAnamunmattagaGgapratimaM babhUva // " ityAdivat / kyoMki patravAkya meM gUDha zabdoM kA prayoga hone se mahAprAjJa pariSat aura prativAdI bhI use samajha nahIM pAte / kadAcit kahA jAya ki pariSad aura prativAdI patravAkya ke jisa pada ko nahIM samajha pAte usakI vyAkhyA svayaM vAdI kara detA hai to gUDha sAdhya sAdhana vAkya kI vyAkhyA bhI vAdI svayaM kara degA / agara vaha vyAkhyA nahIM to karegA usako vijaya prApta nahIM hogI, kintu vaha nigRhIta nahIM hogA kyoMki prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi nahIM huI hai| jaldI-jaldI uccAraNa karane ke kAraNa avijJAtArtha kaho so ThIka nahIM kyoMki jaldI uccAraNa karane para bhI pariSad aura prativAdI ko kathaMcit jJAna ho hI jaaegaa| Akhira ve vAdI aura pratibAdI-donoM ke siddhAnta ke jAnakAra hote haiM / vAdI yada sAdhya ke lie anupayogI pralApamAtra kare aura usakA pariSad tathA prativAdI ko jJAna na ho to vaha varNAnupUrvI ke uccAraNa ke samAna avijJAtArthaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA |is prakAra yahaavijJAtArtha nigrahasthAna nirarthaka se bhinna nahIM hai / 88-apArthaka-pUrvApara-asaMgata padoM ke samUha kA prayoga karane se vAkya kA artha hI siddha na honA apArthaka nigrahasthAna hai / jaise dasa dADima, chaha pUA ityAdi / yaha nigrahasthAna bhI nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se bhinna nahIM hai| jaise nirarthaka nigrahasthAna meM gajaDadaba Adi meM varNa nirarthaka haiM usI prakAra yahA~ pada nirarthaka haiM / agara kahA jAya ki varNoM ko nirarthakatA se padoM ko nirarthakatA bhinna hai, ataeva yaha nigrahasthAna pRthak hai taba to vAkyoM ko nirarthakatA vargoM aura padoM ko nirarthakatA se bhinna hone ke kAraNa eka alaga nigrahasthAna mAnanA pddegaa| kyoMki eka dUsare ke Age pIche prayukta hone vAle nirarthaka vAkya bhI aneka prakAra ke dekhe jAte haiN| jaise-'kadalI meM zaMkha hai, bherI meM kadalI hai, usa bherI meM bahuta bar3A vimAna hai, vaha zaMkha bherI kadalI auya vimAna unmatta gaMgA ke samAna ho ge| ityAdi
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 155 89-yadi punaH padanararthakyameva vAkyanararthakyaM padasamudAyAtmakatvAt tasya; tahi varNanararthakyameva padanararthakyaM syAt varNasamudAyAtmakatvAt tasya / varNAnAM sarvatra nirarthakatvAt padasyApi tatprasaGgazcet, tarhi padasyApi nirarthakatvAt tatsamudAyAsmano vAkyasyApi nairrthkyaanussnggH| padasyArthavattvena (vattve ca)padArthApekSayAH (varNArthApekSayA) varNasyApi tadastu prakRtipratyayAdivat na khalu prakRtiH kevalA padaM pratyayo vA / nApyanayoranarthakatvam / abhivyaktArthAbhAvAdanarthakatve; padasyApi tat syAt / yathaiva hi prakRtyarthaH pratyayenAbhivyajyate pratyayArthazca prakRtyA tayoH kevalayoraprayogAt tathA devadattastiSThatItyAdiprayogasyAdyantapadArthasya tyAdyantapadArthasya ca styAdyantapadenAbhivyakteH kevalasyAprayogaH / padAntarApekSasya padasya sArthakatvaM prakRtyapekSasya pratyayasya tadapekSasya ca prakRtyAdivarNasya samAnamiti 9 / 90-pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayanigamanavacanakramamullaghyAvayavaviparyAsena prayujyamAnama 89-yadi kahA jAya ki vAkyoM kI nirarthakatA padoM kI hI nirarthakatA hai, kyoMki padoM kA samUha hI vAkya kahalAtA hai to vargoM ko nirarthakatA hI padoM kI nirarthakatA honI cAhie kyoMki varNoM kA samUha hI pada kahalAtA hai| zakA-varNa sarvatra nirarthaka hote haiM, ataeva vargoM kI nirarthakatA ko hI pada kI nirarthakatA mAnane se pada bhI sarvatra nirarthaka ho jaaeNge| samAdhAna-pada bhI nirarthaka hote haiM ataeva padoM kA samUha vAkya bhI nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| zaMkA-vAkyArtha kI apekSA pada bhale nirarthaka mAnA jAya kintu padArtha kI apekSA to vaha sArthaka hI hotA hai, arthAt vAkya se prakaTa hone vAlA artha pada se nahIM pragaTa hotA tathApi pada apanA artha to pragaTa karatA hI hai / ataH pada ko nirarthaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samAdhAna-to yahI bAta varNa ke viSaya meM bhI mAnanA caahie| arthAt pada se vyakta hone vAlA artha varNa se vyakta na hone para bhI varNa apanA artha to pragaTa karatA hI hai, se prakRti (mUla zabda) aura pratyaya / na kevala prakRti ko pada kaha sakate haiM, na kevala pratyaya ko| yaha donoM (pRthak-pRthak bhI) nirarthaka nahIM hai / yadi vyakta artha ko prakaTa na karane se inheM nirarthaka kahA jAya to pada bhI vAkya ke samAna vyakta artha ko prakaTa nahIM karatA hai, ataH vaha bhI nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| jaise prakRti kA artha pratyaya ke dvArA vyakta hotA hai aura pratyaya kA artha prakRti ke dvArA vyakta hotA hai, isa kAraNa unakA sAtha-sAtha prayoga hotA hai akelo-prakRti yA akele pratyaya kA nahIM, usI prakAra 'devadattaH tiSThati, ityAdi prayogoM meM syAdyantapada ( devadattaH ) kA artha tyAdyantapada (tiSThati) artha styAdi pada se prakaTa hotA hai, ataeva inakA akele kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jaataa| agara kaho ki padAntarasApekSa pada sArthaka hotA hai to prakRtisApekSa pratyaya pratyayasApekSa prakRti Adi vargoM meM bhI yahI bAta hai, arthAt paraspara sApekSa varNa bhI sArthaka hote haiN| (isa prakAra apArthaka nAmaka nigrahasthAna nirarthaka nigrahasthAna se pRthak nahIM hai|) 90-aprAptakAla-pahale pratijJA, phira hetu, phira udAharaNa, phira upanaya aura phira niNa .
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________________ pramANamImAMsA numAnavAkyamaprAptakAlaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati,svapratipattivat parapratipattejanane parA AnumAne krmsyaapynggtvaat| etadapyapezalam,prekSAvatAM pratipatthaNAmavayavakramaniyamaM vivAyarthapratipattyupalambhAt / nanu yathApazabdAt zrutAcchabdasmaraNaM tato'rthapratyaya iti zabdAdevArthapratyayaH paramparayA tathA pratijJAdyavayavavyutkramAt tatkramasmaraNaM tato vAkyArthapratyayo na punastadvayutkramAt; ityapyasAram, evaMvidhapratItyabhAvAt / yasmAddhi zabdAduccaritAt yatrArthe pratItiH sa eva tasya vAcako nAnyaH, anyathA zabdAttatkramAccApazavde tadvyatikrame ca smaraNaM tato'rthapratItirityapi vaktuM zakyeta / evaM zabdAnvAkhyAnavaiyarthyamiti cet ; navam, vAdino'niSTamAtrApAdanAt apazabde'pi cAnvAkhyAnasyopalambhAt / saMskRtAcchabdAtsatyAt dharmo'nyasmAdadharma iti niyame cAnyadharmAdharmopAyAnuSThAnavaiyathyaM dharmAdharmayozcApratiniyamaprasaGgaH,adhArmike ca dhAmike ca tacchabdopalambhAt / bhavatu vA tatkramAdarthapratItistathApyarthapratyayaH krameNa sthito yena vAkyena vyutkramyate tannirarthakaM na tvaprAptakAlamiti 10 / mana kA prayoga anumAna meM kiyA jAtA hai| isa krama kA ullaMdhana karake avayayoM meM ulaTaphera karake yadi anumAna kA prayoga kiyA jAya to aprAptakAla nigrahasthAna hotA hai / jaise apane ko krama se pratipatti hotI hai usI prakAra dUsare ko jJAna karAne meM parArthAnumAna meM krama bhI kAraNa hotA hai / yaha kahanA bhI samIcIna nahIM,kyoMki jo pratipattA buddhizAlI hai vaha avayavoM ke krama ke vinA bhI artha ko samajhaletA hai| zaMkA-jaise azuddha zabdako sunane para pahale zuddha zabda kA smaraNa hotA hai,tatpazcAt usase arthakA jJAnahatA hai isa prakAra zuddha se ho paramparA se artha ka hotA hai, usI prakAra pratijJA Adi avayavoM ko vyutkrama se sunane para pahale unake krama ka hotA hai aura phira vAkya ke artha kA jJAna hotA hai-vyutkrama se jJAna nahIM hotaa| samAdhAna-yaha kahanA nissAra hai, kyoMki isa prakAra kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| jisa zabda ke uccAraNa se| padArtha kI pratIti hotI hai,vahI zabda usa padArtha kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai,anya nahIM / aisA na mAnA jAya to isase viparIta kahA jA sakatA hai ki- zuddha zabda ko sunane para azuddha zabda kA smaraNa hotA hai aura avayavoM ke anukrama ko sunane para unake vyatikrama kA smaraNa hotA hai aura taba artha kI pratIti hotI hai / zaMkA-yadi vyatikrama se prayukta avayavoM se artha ko pratIti mAna lI jAya to unakA anukrama se kahanA vRthA ho jaaegaa| smaadhaan-nhiiN| yahA~ anukrmvaad| ko aniSTApatti mAtra kA prasaMga dikhalAyA hai| anukrama to azuddha zabdoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| zaMkA-saMskRta aura satya zabda kA uccAraNa karane se dharma hotA hai aura isase viparIta zabda ke uccAraNa se adharma hotA hai / samAdhAna- aisA niyama mAna liyA jAya to dharma adharma ke anya niyama vyartha ho jAeMge isake atirikta dharma aura adharma meM koI pratiniyatatA nahIM rahegI,kyoMki dhArmika aura adhArmika donoM prakAra ke puruSoM meM donoM prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga karanA dekhA jAtA hai| athavA pratijJA Adi avayavoM ke krama ke kAraNa hI artha ko pratIti hotI hai,aisA mAna bhI liyA jAya to krama ke kAraNa hone vAlA artha kA pratyaya jisa vAkya se kramavihIna kiyA jAtA hai vaha nirarthaka nigrahasthAna ho sakatA hai, use aprAptakAla nahIM kaha skte|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 91-paJcAvayave vAkye prayoktavye tadanyatamenApyavayavena hInaM nyUnaM nAma nipra. hasthAnaM bhavati, sAdhanAbhAve sAdhyasiddherabhAvAt, pratijJAdInAM ca paJcAnAmapi sAdhanatvAt ; ityapyasamIcInam, paJcAvayavaprayogamantareNApi sAdhyasiddharabhidhAnAt pratijJAhetuprayogamantareNaiva tatsiddherabhAvAt / atastaddhInameva nyUnaM nigrahasthAnamiti 12 / / 92-ekenaiva hetunodAharaNena vA pratipAdite'rthe hetvantaramudAharaNAntaraM vA vadato'dhikaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati niSprayojanAbhidhAnAt / etadapyayuktam, tathAvidhAdvAkyAt pakSasiddhau parAjayAyogAt / kathaM caivaM pramANasaMplavo'bhyupagamyate? / abhyupagame vA'dhikannigrahAya jAyate / pratipattidADharyasaMvAdasiddhiprayojanasadbhAvAnna nigrahaH; ityanyatrApi samAnama, hetunodAharaNena cai (vai) kena prasAdhite'pyarthe dvitIyasya hetorudAharaNasya vA nAnarthakyama, tatprayojanasadbhAvAt / na caivamanavasthA, kasyacit kvacinirAkAGkSatopapatteH pramANAntaravat / kathaM cAsya kRtakatvAdau svArthikakapratyayasya vacanam, yatkRtakaM tadanityamiti vyAptau yattadvacanam, vRttipadaprayogAdeva cArSa 91-nyUna-anumAna meM pA~ca avayavoM kA prayoga karanA caahie| unameM se kisI bhI eka avayava kA prayoga na karanA nyUna nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai| sAdhana ke abhAva meM sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI aura kevala hetu hI nahIM balaki pratijJA Adi pA~coM avayava sAdhana haiM,ataeva pAMcoM kA hI prayoga honA cAhie / yaha kathana bhI samIcaM na nahIM / pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki pAMca avayavoM ke vinA bhI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai / kevala pratijJA aura hetu kA prayoga hI Avazyaka hai, inake, prayoga ke vinA sAdhya siddha nahIM hotaa| ataeva pratijJA aura hetu meM se kisI eka kA prayoga na karanA hI nyUna nigrahasthAna ho sakatA hai| 92-- adhika-eka hI hetu yA eka hI udAharaNa ke dvArA artha kA pratipAdana ho jAne para bhI dUsare hetu yA udAharaNa kA prayoga karanA adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai,kyoMki dUsare kA kathananiSprayojana hai, aisA kahanA bhI ayukta hai / yadi vAdI dUsare hetu athavA udAharaNa kA prayoga karake bhI apane pakSa ko siddha kara detA haiM to vaha parAjita nahIM kahalA sakatA / isake atiri kta jaba Apa dUsare hetu ke prayoga ko nigraha mAnate haiM to pramANasaMplava (1) kaise mAna sakate hai pramANasaMplava mAnane se adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna ho jaaegaa| zaMkA-pratipatti kI dRDhatA aura saMvAda ke lie pramANasaMplava mAnane meM nigraha nahIM hotA. kyoMki usase vizeSa prayojana siddha hotA hai / samAdhAna-yaha bAta to dUsare hetu aura udAharaNa ke prayoga ke viSaya meM bhI samAna hai eka hetu yA udAharaNa ke dvArA kisI artha ko siddha karane para bhI dUsare hetu yA udAharaNa kA prayoga nirarthaka nahIM hai,kyoMki usakA bhI vizeSa prayojana hotA hai / zaMkA-yoM mAnane se to anavasthAdoSa ho jAegA-kahIM vizrAnti hI nahIM hogii| samAdhAna-kahIM na kahIM AkAMkSA kI samApti ho hI jAyagI jaise pramAgAntaroMkI pravRtti kI samApti ho jAtI hai / isake atirikta 'kRtakatva, Adi hetuoM meM svArtha meM lagAyA huA 'ka, pratyaya, 'jo kRtaka hotA hai, so anitya hotA hai, aisI vyApti meM prayoga kiyA huA 'jo' aura 'so' pada tathA samAsayukta pada se hI artha kI siddhi 1-eka hI viSaya meM aneka pramANoM kI pravRtti honA pramANasaMplava kahalAtA hai|
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________________ 158 pramANamImAMsA pratipattau vAkyaprayogaH adhikatvAgnigrahasthAnaM na syAt ? / tathAvidhasyApyasya pratipativizeSopAyatvAttanneti cet kathamanekasya hetoradAharaNasya vA tadupAyabhUtasya vacanaM nigrahAdhikaraNam ? / nirarthakasya tu vacanaM nirarthakatvAdeva nigrahasthAnaM nAdhikatvAditi 12 / . 93-zabdArthayoH punarvacanaM punaruktaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavatyanyatrAnuvAdAt / zabdapunaruktaM nAma yatra sa eva zabdaH punaruccAryate / yathA anityaH zabdaH anityaH zabda iti / arthapunaruktaM tu yatra so'rthaH prathamamanyena zabdenoktaH punaH paryAyAntareNocyate / yathA anityaH zabdo vinAzI dhvaniriti / anuvAde tu paunaruktyamadoSo yathA"hetvapadezAt pratijJAyAH punarvacanaM nigamanam" ( nyAyasU0 1. 1. 39) iti / atrArthapunaruktamevAnupapannaM na zabdapunaruktam, arthabhedena zabdasAmye'pyasyAsambhavAt yathA "hasati hasati svAminyuccairudatyatiroditi kRtaparikaraM svedodgAri pradhAvati dhAvati / guNasamuditaM doSApetaM praNindati nindati, dhanalavaparikrItaM yantraM pranatyati nRtyati ||"-(vaadnyaag: pR0 111) saMbhava hone para bhI asamasta vAkya kA prayoga bhI adhika hone se nigrahasthAna kyoM nahIM hotA ? agara kaho ki adhika hone para bhI unase vizeSa pratipatti hotI hai, ataeva unheM nigrahasthAna nahIM kahate to aneka hetuoM yA udAharaNoM se bhI vizeSa pratipatti hotI hai. ataeva unake prayoga ko nigrahasthAna kyoM kahate ho? hA~, yadi nirarthaka hetu yA udAharaNa kA prayoga kiyA jAya to vaha nirarthaka hone se hI nigrahasthAna hogA, adhika hone se nhiiN| 93-punarukta anuvAdako chor3akara zabda aura arthako punarukti karanA punarukta nigrahasthAna kahalAtA hai| eka hI zabda kA eka bAra se adhika prayoga karanA zabda-punarukti hai, jaise 'zabda anitya hai, zabda anitya hai / , kisI artha ko eka zabda dvArA kaha kara artha-punarukti kahalAtI hai / yathA 'zabda anitya hai, dhvani vinAzavAn hai / parantu anuvAda karane meM punarukti doSa nahIM mAnA jAtA, jaise pralijJA ko doharAne rUpa nigamana kA prayoga punarukti nahIM hai / kintu yahA~ artha ko punarukti hI anucita hai-vaha nahIM honI cAhie / zabda kI samAnatA hone para bhI arthabheda hotA hai to punarukti doSa nahIM hotaa| yathA ___ hasati hasati svAminyuccarunatyatiroditi, kRtaparikaraM svedodgAri pradhAvati dhAvati / guNasamuditaM doSApetaM praNindati nindati. dhanalavaparikrItaM yantraM pranRtyati nRtyati // (yahA~ kriyApadoM meM zabdasAmya hone para bhI artha bheda (1) hone se punarukti nahIM hai|) hasati, rudati, pranindati aura pranRtyati ye cAroM vartamAna kRdanta zabda ke (mati) saptamI- ekavacana ke rUpa hai aura 'hasati' Adi dUsare kapa kriyApada haiM, ata. yahA~ abheda hai|
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 159 ityAdi / tataH spaSTArthavAcakaistairevAnyairvA zabdaH sabhyAH pratipAdanIyAH / tadapratipA-' dazabdAnAM tu sakRt punaH punarvAbhidhAnaM nirarthakaM na tu punaruktamiti / yadapi arthabApannasya svazabdena punarvacanaM punaruktamuktaM yathA asatsu megheSu vRSTirna bhavatItyukte aryAdApadyate satsu bhavatIti tat kaNThena kathyamAnaM punaruktaM bhavati, arthagatyarthe hi zabda - prayoge pratIte'rthe kiM teneti ? / etadapi pratipannArthapratipAdakatvena vaiyarthyAnigrahasthAnaM nAnyathA / tathA cedaM niraryakAnna viziSyeteti 13 / 94 - parSadA viditasya vAdinA trirabhihitasyApi yadapratyuccAraNaM tadananubhAvaNaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati, apratyuccArayat (n) kimAzrayaM dUSaNamabhidadhatIti ( 0 badhIteti ) / atrApi ki sarvasya vAdinoktasyAnanubhASaNam uta yannAntarIyikA sAdhyasiddhistasyeti ? / tatrAdyaH pakSo'yuktaH, paroktamazeSamapratyuccArayato'pi dUSaNavacanAvyAghAtAt / yathA sarvamanityaM sattvAdityukte sattvAdityayaM hetuviruddha iti hetumevoccArya viruddhatodbhAvyate kSaNakSayAdyekAnte sarvathArtha kriyAvirodhAt sattvAnupapatteriti ca sama spaSTa artha ke bAcaka unhIM zabdoMdvArA athavA anya zabdoMse sabhyoM ko apanA abhISTa samajhA denA ucita hai| hA~, jo artha ke vAcaka na hoM aise zabdoM kA na to eka bAra prayoga karanA cAhie aura na bAra-bAra prayoga karanA cAhie, parantu aise zabdoM ke prayoga se nirarthaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai, punarukti nhiiN| jo bAta artha se jAnI jAya use zabdoM dvArA punaH kahanA punarukti hai, jaise- 'meghoM ke abhAva meM vRSTi nahIM hotI, aisA kahane para yaha svayaM vidita ho jAtA hai ki'meghoM ke hone para vRSTi hotI hai / kintu ina zabdoM ko kaMTha se kahanA punarukti hai, kyoMki jaba artha samajha meM A jAya to use zabdoM dvArA kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yaha bhI pratIta artha kA pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa nigrahasthAna hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra yaha punarukta nigrahasthAna nirarthaka se bhinna nahIM hai / 94 - ananubhASaNa- - sabhya jise samajha leM aura vAdI tIna bAra jisakA uccAraNa kara de prativAdI usakA pratyuccAraNa na kare to ananubhASaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna hotA hai| vAdIke kathana kA pratyuccAraNa hI na karegA to usameM dUSaNa kaise de sakatA ? isa saMbaMdha meM vicAraNIya hai ki - kyA vAdI ke samagra kathana kA uccAraNa na karanA ananubhASaNa nigrahasthAna hai yA jisakA uccAraNa kiye vinA sAdhya kI siddhi na ho sakatI ho, usakA uccAraNa na karanA ananubhASaNa hai ? inameM se pahalA pakSa svIkAra karanA ayukta hai, kyoMki vAdI ke samagra kathana kA pratyuccAraNa kiye binA bhI dUSaNa kA prayoga karane meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM ho sakatI / yathA-vAdI ne kahA 'sarva padArtha anitya haiM, kyoMki sat haiM, yahA~ prativAdI vAdI ke pUre kathana ko na doharA kara sirpha yahI kahatA hai- 'kyoMki sat hai' yaha hetu viddha hai / isa prakAra hetu ko hI doharA kara usameM viruddha doSa kA udbhAvana karatA hai-kSaNakSaya Adi ekAnta meM arthakriyA kA sarvathA virodha hai, ataeva sattva ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA / aisA kaha kara prativAdI vAdI ke hetu kA nira
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________________ 160 pramANamImAMsA rthyate / tAvatA ca paroktahetordUSaNAtkimanyoccAraNena; / ato yannAntarIyakA sAdhyasiddhistasyaivApratyuccAraNamananubhASaNaM pratipattavyam / arthavaM dUSayitumasamarthaH zAstrArtha parijJAnavizeSa vikalatvAt; tadAyamuttarApratipattereva tiraskriyate na punarananubhASaNAditi 14 / 95 - parSadA vijJAtasyApi vAdivAkyArthasya prativAdino yadajJAnaM tadajJAnaM nAmanigrahasthAnaM bhavati / aviditottaraviSayo hi kvottaraM brUyAt ? / na cAnanubhASaName - vedam, jJAte'pi vastunyanubhASaNAsAmarthyadarzanAt / etadapyasAmpratam, pratijJAhAnyAdinigrahasthAnAnAM bhedAbhAvAnuSaGgAt tatrApyajJAnasyaiva sambhavAt / teSAM tatprabhedatve vA nigrahasthAnapratiniyamAbhAvaprasaGgaH, paroktasyA'rdhA'jJAnAdibhedena nigrahasthAnAnekatvaprasaGgAt 15 / 96 - parapakSe gRhIte'pyanubhASite'pi tasminnuttarApratipattirapratibhA nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / eSApyajJAnAnna bhidyate 16 / i 97-"kAryavyAsaGgAt kathAvicchedo vikSepaH " nyAyamU0 5. 2. 19) nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / siSAdhayiSitasyArthasyAzakya sAdhanatAmavasAya kathAM vicchinatti - 'idaM sana karatA hai / aisI sthiti meM vAdI ke kahe zeSa zabdoM ko doharAne kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? ataeva jina zabdoM ke doharAe vinA sAdhya kI siddhi na ho sakatI ho, unhIM ko doharAnA ananubhASaNa nigrahasthAna samajhanA cAhie / kadAcit prativAdI zAstra ke artha ke viziSTa parijJAna se vikala hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra dUSaNa dene meM samartha na ho to uttara na sUjhane ke kAraNa hI usakA tiraskAra ( parAjaya ) jAegA, ananubhASaNa se nahIM / 95 - ajJAna - vAdI ke dvArA prayukta vAkya kA artha sabhya samajha leM kintu prativAdI kI samajha meM na AnA ajJAna nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai / prativAdI uttara ke viSaya ko ho nahIM samajhegA to uttara kisakA degA ? isa nigrahasthAna ko ananubhASaNa meM antargata nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki anubhASaNa kA asAmarthya to jJAta vastu meM bhI ho sakatA hai / naiyAyikoM kI yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki ajJAna nigrahasthAna pRthak svIkAra kara lene para pratijJAhAni Adi nigrahasthAna alaga nahIM raha sakeMge, kyoMki unameM bhI ajJAna hI hotA hai / yadi pratijJAhAni Adi ko ajJAna nigrahasthAna kA prabheda mAna liyA jAya to nigrahasthAnoM kI pratiniyata saMkhyA ( bAIsa ) kAyama nahIM rahegI / phira to vAdI ke Adhe kayana ko na samajhane se bhI pRthak nigrahasthAna ho jaaegaa| isa prakAra aneka nigrahasyAna ho jAe~ge / 96 - apratibhA - vAdI ke pakSa ko samajha lene para bhI aura anubhASaNa karane para bhI usakA uttara na sUjhanA apratibhAnAmaka nigrahasthAna hai / 97 - vikSepa - kisI kArya kA vyAsaMga batalAkara kathA kA viccheda karanA - bIca meM se hI use samApta karanA, vikSepa nigrahasthAna hai / vAdI jisa sAdhya ko siddha karanA cAhatA hai' use * siddha karanA Avazyaka mAlUma hone para vIca meM hI kathA ( vAda ) ko samApta karatA hai merA
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 161 me karaNIyaM parihIyate, pInasena kaNTha uparuddhaH, ityAdyabhidhAya kathAM vicchindanvikSepeNa parAjIyate / etadapyajJAnato nArthAntaramiti 17 / 98 - svapakSe parApAditadoSamanuddhRtya tameva parapakSe pratIpamApAdayato matAnujJA nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / cauro bhavAn puruSatvAt prasiddhacaurava dityukte bhavAnapi cauraH puruSatvAditi bruvannAtmanaH parApAditaM cauratvadoSamabhyupagatavAn bhavatIti matA-nujJayA nigRhyate / idamapyajJAnAnna bhidyate / anaikAntikatA vAtra hetoH; sa hyAtmI'yahetorAtmanaivAnaikAntikatAM dRSTvA prAha-bhavatpakSe'pyayaM doSaH samAnastvamapi puruatsettyanaikAntikatvamevodbhAvayatIti 18 / 99 - nigrahaprAptasyAnigrahaH paryanuyojyopekSaNaM nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / paryanuyojyo nAma nigrahopapattyAvazyaM nodanIyaH 'idaM te nigrahasthAnamupanatamato nigRhItossi' ityevaM vacanIyastamupekSya na nigRhNAti yaH sa paryanuyojyopekSaNena nigRhyate / etacca 'kasya nigrahaH' ityanuyuktayA pariSadodbhAvanIyaM na tvasAvAtmano doSaM vivRNuyAt 'ahaM nigrAhyastvayopekSitaH iti / etadapyajJAnAnna bhidyate 19 / amuka kAma bigar3a rahA hai, pInasa se merA galA kaMTha-ru~dha gayA hai, ityAdi kaha kara apanA piNDa chur3AtA hai to vaha vikSepa nigrahasthAna se parAjita ho jAtA hai / kintu yaha nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna se pRthak nahIM hai ? / 98-matAnujJA vAdI ke svapakSa meM die gaye doSa kA nirAkaraNa na karake, ulaTe vahI doSa parapakSa meM bagalAnA matAnujJA nigrahasthAna hai / yathA vAdI ne kahA- Apa cora haiM, kyoMki puruSa haiM, prasiddha cora ke samAna / taba prativAdI kahatA hai- 'puruSa hone ke kAraNa Apa bhI cora hue| isa prakAra kahane vAlA prativAdI apane ko cora svIkAra kara letA hai / kintu yaha nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna se bhinna nahIM hai athavA yahA~ hetu meM anaikAntikatA doSa samajhanA caahie| vaha apane hetu meM apane se hI anaikAntikatA dekha kara kahatA hai - Apa ke pakSa meM bhI to yahI doSa samAna hai / tuma bhI to puruSa hI ho| aisA kaha kara vaha eka prakAra se anaikAntika kA hI udbhAvana karatA hai / 99 - paryanuyojyopekSaNa-nigrahaprApta kA nigraha na karanA paryanuyojyopekSaNa nigrahasthAna kaha lAtA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo nigrahasthAna ko prApta huA ho use prativAdI ko yaha avazya kahanA cAhie ki- 'tuma amuka nigrahasthAna ko prApta hue ho, / yadi koI isakI upekSA kara arthAt nigrahaprApta ko nigRhIta ghoSita na kare to vaha upekSA karane vAlA svayaM paryanuyojyopekSaNa nAmaka nigrahasthAna kA bhAgI bana jAtA hai / nigraha kisakA huA hai, yaha bAta sabhyoM ko prakaTa karanI caahie| svayaM vAdI yA prativAdI to apane doSa ko jAhira karegA nahIM ki maiM nigraha prApta thA aura tumane upekSA karake mujhe nigRhIta nahIM kiyA / vastutaH yaha nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna se pRthaka nahIM hai /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 100 - " anigrahasthAne nigrahasthAnAnuyogo niranuyojyAnuyogaH " ( nyAyasU05.2.22) nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / upapannavAdinamapramAdinamanigrahArhamapi 'nigRhIto'si' iti yo brUyAtsa evAbhUtadoSodbhAvanAnnigRhyate / etadapi nAjJAnAdvyatiricyate 20 / 162 101-"siddhAntamabhyupetyAniyamAtkathAprasaGgo'pasiddhAntaH " ( nyAyasU05. 2023 ) nAma nigrahasthAnaM bhavati / na prathamaM kaJcit siddhAntamabhyupagamya kathAmupakramate / tatra ca siSAdhayiSitArthasAdhanAya paropAlambhAya vA siddhAntaviruddhamabhidhatte so'pasiddhAtena nigRhyate / etadapi prativAdinaH pratipakSasAdhane satyeva nigrahasthAnaM nAnyatheta21 / 102 -- " hetvAbhAsAzca yathoktAH " ( nyAyasU0 5.2.24) asiddhaviruddhAdayo nigrahasthAnam / atrApi viruddhahetudbhAvanena pratipakSa siddhenigrahAdhikaraNatvaM yuktam asi - dvAdbhAvane tu prativAdinA pratipakSasAdhane kRte tadyuktaM nAnyatheti 22 ||34|| 103 - tadevamakSapAdopadiSTaM parAjayAdhikaraNaM parIkSya saugatAbhimataM tat parIkSyate - nApyasAdhanAGgavacanAdoSodbhAvane // 35 // 100 - niranuyojyAnuyoga -- nigrahasthAna ko prApta na hone para bhI nigrahasthAnaprApti kA Aropa lagAnA niranuyojyAnuyoga nigrahasthAna kahalAtA hai| jo yuktisaMgata kathana kara rahA hai' apramAdI hai arthAt barAbara svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSadUSaNa kara rahA hai aura nigraha ke yogya nahIM hai, use jo 'tuma nigRhIta hue' aisA kahatA hai, vaha svayaM isa nigrahasthAna se nigRhIta ho jAtA hai| yaha nigrahasthAna bhI ajJAna meM hI antargata hai, usase bhinna nahIM hai / 101 - apasiddhAnta - kisI siddhAnta ko svIkAra karake niyamaviruddha kathA karanA apasiddhAnta nigrahasthAna hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki koI vAdI pahale kisI siddhAnta ko svIkAra kara letA hai kintu apane iSTa sAdhya ko siddha karane ke lie yA parapakSa ko dUSita karane ke lie apane svIkRta siddhAnta se viruddha bhASaNa karatA hai, vaha apasiddhAnta nigrahasthAna se nigRhIta hotA hai / kintu yaha nigrahasthAna tabhI - nigrahasthAna ho sakatA hai jaba prativAdI kA pakSa siddha ho jAya, anyathA nahIM / 102 - hetvAbhAsa - pUrvokta asiddha viruddha Adi hetvAbhAsa bhI nigrahasthAna haiN| yahAM viruddha hetu kA udbhAvana karane se svataH pratipakSa kI siddhi ho jAne ke kAraNa nigrahasthAna mAnanA ucita hai / yadi asiddhatA Adi kA udbhAvana kiyA jAya to prativAdI jaba pratirakSa kI siddhi kara le taba hI nigrahasthAna hotA hai, anyathA nahIM // 34 // 103 - akSapAda dvArA upadiSTa nigrahasthAnoM kI parIkSA karake aba bauddhasammata nigrahasthAnoM kI parIkSA karate haiM sUtrArtha - asAdhanAGgavacana aura adoSodadbhAvana bhI parAjaya nahIM haiM // 35 //
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 163 104-svapakSasyAsiddhireva parAjayo 'na' 'asAdhanAGgavacanam' adoSodbhAvanam' ca / yathAha dharmakIttiH asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvyoH| nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate / " - (vAdanyAyaH kA0 1) 105-atra hi svapakSaM sAdhayan asAdhayan vA vAdiprativAdinoranyataro'sAdhanAGgavacanAdadoSodbhAvanAdvA paraM nigRhNAti? / prathamapakSe svapakSasiddhyavAsya parA. jayAdanyodbhAvanaM vyartham / dvitIyapakSe asAdhanAGgavacanAdyudbhAvanepi na kasyacijjayaH pakSasiddharubhayorabhAvAt / 106-yaccAsya vyAkhyAnam-sAdhanaM siddhistadaGgaM trirUpaM liGgaM tasyAvacanamtUSNImbhAvo yatkiJcidbhASaNaM vA, sAdhanasya vA trirUpaliGgasyAGgaM samarthanaM vipakSa bAdhakapramANopadarzanarUpaM tasyAvacanaM vAdino nigrasthAnamiti-tat paJcAvayavaprayogavAdino'pi samAnam / zakyaM hi tenApyevaM vaktuM siddhayaMgasya paJcAvayavaprayogasyAvacanAt saugatasya vAdino nigrahaH / nanu cAsya tadavacane'pi na nigrahaH, pratijJAnigamanayoH pakSadharyopasaMhArasAmarthyana gamyamAnatvAt, gamyamAnayozca vacane punaruktatvAnuSa 104-jaisA ki pUrva meM kaha Ae haiM, svapakSa ko asiddhi hI parAjaya hai, asAdhanAMgavacana aura adoSodabhAvana nhiiN| dharmakItine kahA hai--'asAdhanAMgavacana aura adoSodabhAvana, yaha do hI nigrahasthAna haiN| inase bhinna koI nigrahasthAna nahIM hai.ataeva unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai|' 105-bauddhoM ko isa mAnyatA ke sambandha meM vicAraNIya hai ki-vAdI aura prativAdI meM se koI bhI asAdhanAMgavacana aura adoSobhAvana ke dvArA dUsare ko nigRhIta karatA hai so apane pakSa ko siddha karatA huA nigRhIta karatA hai athavA siddha na karatA huA? prathama pakSa meM svapakSa kI siddhi se hI virodhI pakSa kA parAjaya ho jAyagA, phira dUsare doSa kI udbhAvanA karanA vRthA hai / dUsare pakSa meM asAdhanAMgavacana Adi doSoM kA udabhAvana karane para bhI kisI ko jaya kI prApti nahIM hogI, kyoMki donoM ke pakSa kI siddhi nahIM huI hai| , 106-'asAdhanAMgavacana' kI eka vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai-sAdhana arthAt siddhi kA aMga hai-trirUpa liMga, usakA avacana arthAt prayoga na karanA-cuppI sAdha lenA yA yadvA tahA bolanA / athavA sAdhana-trirUpa liMga ke aMga (samarthana) kA prayoga na karanA arthAt jo vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa na dikhalAnA / tAtparya yaha hai ki tIna lakSaNoM vAle hetu kA prayoga na karanA athavA hetu kA samarthana na karanA asAdhanAMgavacananAmaka nigrahasthAna kahalAtA hai / kintu yaha bAla to paMcAvayava prayogavAdI (naiyAyika) ke lie bhI samAna hai / vaha bhI kaha sakatA hai ki siddhi ke aMga-paMcAvayavaprayoga kA kathana na karane se saugata kA nigraha ho jAtA hai| zaMkA-pAMca avayavoM kA prayoga na karane para bhI saugata kA nigraha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki pratijJA aura nigamana kA pakSadharmopasaMhAra (upanaya) se hI jJAna ho jAtA hai / svataH jJAna ko zabdoM 1-pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyAvRtti lakSaNavAlA hetu /
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________________ 164 pramANamImAMsA GgAt, tatprayoge'pi hetuprayogamantareNa sAdhyArthAprasiddhaH; ityapyasat, pakSadharmopasaMhArasyApyevamavacanAnuSaGgAt / atha sAmarthyAdagamyamAnasyApi yat sat tat sarva kSaNika yathA ghaTaH, saMzca zabda iti pakSadharmopasaMhArasya vacanaM hetorapakSadharmatvenAsiddhatvavyavacchedArtham ; tahi sAdhyAdhArasandehApanodArtha gamyamAnAyA api pratijJAyAH, pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayAnAmekArthatvapradarzanArthaM nigamanasya vacanaM kiM na syAt ? / nahi pratijJAdInAmekArthatvopadarzanamantareNa saGgatatvaM ghaTate, bhinnaviSayapratijJAdivat / nanu pratijJAtaH sAdhyasiddhau hetvAdivacanamamanarthakameva syAta, anyathA nAsyAH sAdhanAGgateticet; tahi bhavato'pi hetutaH sAdhyasiddhau dRSTAnto'narthakaH syAt, anyathA nAsya sAdhanAGgateti samAnam / nanu sAdhyasAdhanayoAptipradarzanArthatvAt nAnarthako dRSTAntaH, . tatra tadapradarzane hetoragamakatvAt; ityapyayuktam, sarvAnityatvasAdhane sattvAdedRSTAntA. sambhavato'gamakatvAnuSaGgAt / vipakSavyAvRttyA sattvAdergamakatve vA sarvatrApi hetau dvArA kahane se punarukti doSa hotA hai / pratijJA aura nigamana kA prayoga kara dene para bhI hetu kA prayoga kiye binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| (ataeva pratijJA aura nigamana kA prayoga nirarthaka hai|) samAdhAna-yaha kathana asat hai / isa yukti se to pakSadharmopasaMhAra kA prayoga bhI nirarthaka ThaharegA / zaMkA-'jo sat hotA hai vaha saba kSaNika hotA hai, jaise-ghaTa, zabda bhI sat hai' isa prakAra ke pakSa dharmopasaMhAra kA prayoga nirarthaka nahIM hai / isake prayoga se hetu meM pakSadharmatva ke abhAva se Ane vAlI asiddhatA kA vyavaccheda hotA hai| samAdhAna-to sAdhya kahA~ siddha kiyA jA rahA hai, isa prakAra kI zaMkA kA nivAraNa karane ke lie gamyamAna pratijJA kA prayoga bhI nirarthaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura pratijJA, hetu tathA udAharaNa ekArthaka hai-eka hI sAdhya ko siddha karate haiM, yaha prakaTa karane ke lie nigamana kA prayoga karanA bhI sArthaka hai| pratijJA Adi avayavoM kI ekArthakatA dikhalAnA Avazyaka hai,isake binA unakI saMgati nahIM ho sktii| pratijJA kA viSaya kucha aura ho, hetu kA viSaya anya ho aura udAharaNa kA viSaya bhinna ho to dhe kaise saMgata ho sakate haiM? zaMkA-yadi pratijJA ke prayoga se sAdhya kI siddhi mAna lI jAe to hetu Adi kA prayoga karanA nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| yadi pratijJA se sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI to use sAdhana kA aMga nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samAdhAna-yadi hetu se sAdhya siddhi hotI hai to dRSTAnta kA prayoga nirarthaka . ho jAnA cAhie / anyathA vaha sAdhana kA aMga nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha doSa Apake mata meM bhI samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai / zaMkA-dRSTAnta kA prayojana sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti ko pradarzita karanA hai, ataeva use nirarthaka kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi dRSTAnta ke prayoga dvArA : sAdhya-sAdhana kI vyApti pradarzita na kI jAya to hetu gamaka hI nahIM hogaa| samAdhAna-yaha kathana ayukta hai / jaba Apa 'sattva' hetu se samasta padArthoM kI kSaNikatA siddha karate haiM to vahA~ koI dRSTAnta saMbhava nahIM hai (kyoMki samasta padArtha pakSa ke antargata ho jAte haiN)| aisI sthiti meM bhApakA hetu gamaka nahIM hogaa| (kintu dRSTAnta ke abhAva meM bhI Apane sattva hetu ko gamaka
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 165. tathaiva gamakatvaprasaGgAt dRSTAnto'narthaka eva syAt / vipakSavyAvRttyA ca hetuM samartha yan kathaM pratijJAM pratikSipet ? / tasyAzcAnabhidhAne kva hetuH sAdhyaM vA vartate ? / gamyamAne pratijJAviSaya eveti cet; tahi gamyamAnasyaiva hetorapi samarthanaM syAza tUktasya / atha gamyamAnasyApi hetormandamatipratipattyarthaM vacanam; tathA pratijJAvacate.. kosparitoSaH ? 1 107- yaccedamasAdhanAGgamityasya vyAkhyAnAntaram - sAdharmyeNa hetorvacane vaidhavacanam, vaidharmyeNa ca prayoge sAdharmyavacanaM gamyamAnatvAt punaruktamato na sAdhanAGgam; ityapyasAmpratam, yataH samyak sAdhanasAmarthyena svapakSaM sAdhayato vAdino nigrahaH syAt, asAdhayato vA ? / prathamapakSe na sAdhyasiddhyapratibandhivacanAdhikyopAlambhamAtreNAsya nigrahaH, avirodhAt / nanvevaM nATakAdighoSaNato'pyasya nigraho na syAt; svIkAra kiyA hai / ) zaMkA - sattva Adi hetu dRSTAnta - sapakSa ke binA bhI kevala vipakSavyAvRtti. se hI gamaka ho jAte haiM, samAdhAna - to sabhI jagaha vipakSavyAvRtti se hI hetu gamaka ho jAyagA, phira dRSTAnta kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? vipakSavyAvRtti ke dvArA hetu kA samarthana karane vAlA pratijJA kA niSedha kaise kara sakatA hai? yadi pratijJA kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAegA to kaise vivikta hogA ki hetu yA sAdhya kahA~ rahatA hai ? zaMkA-prasaMga Adi se gamyamAna pratijJA (pakSa) meM hetu aura sAdhya kA rahanA samajhA jA sakatA hai / samAdhAna to isI prakAra gamyamAna hetu kA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai / phira hetu kA prayoga karake samarthana karane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? zaMkA - mandabuddhiyoM ko samajhAne ke lie gamyamAna hetu kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai / samAdhAna to isIlie pratijJAAdi kA prayoga karane meM Apaka kyoM asantoSa hotA hai ? (mandagatiyoM ko samajhAne ke lie pratijJA aura nigamana kA prayoga bhI svIkAra karo / ) 107-asAdhanAMgavacana ko eka dUsarI vyAkhyA bhI hai, jo isa prakAra hai-sAdharmya ( vidhirUpa) se hetu kA prayoga kara dene para bhI vaidharmya se prayoga karanA, athavA vaidharmya se prayoga karane ke pazcAt bhI sAdharmya se prayoga karanA punarukta hai, ataeva vaha sAdhana kA aMga nahIM hai / arthAt eka hI sthala para donoM prakAra kA prayoga karanA asAdhanAMga nigrahasthAna hai / yaha vyAkhyA bhI samIcIna nahIM hai / isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra yaha nigrahasthAna kisako prApta hogA - nirdoSa hetu ke. bala se apane pakSa ko siddha karane vAlA vAdI isase nigRhIta hogA athavA apane pakSa ko siddha na kara sakane vAlA hI nigRhIta hogA ? sAdhya kI siddhi meM bAdhA na DAlane vAle vacanoM ko adhikatA ke upAlaMbha mAtra se svapakSa ko siddha karane vAlA vAdI nigRhIta nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki vacanoM ko adhikatA kA pakSa siddhi se koI virodha nahIM hai / zaMkA-yoM to nATaka Adi kI ghoSaNA karane se bhI vAdI kA nigraha nahIM mAnA jAegA / samAdhAna - ThIka hai| apane sAdhya
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________________ pramANamImAMsA satyametat, svasAdhyaM prasAdhya nRtyato'pi doSAbhAvAllokavat, anyathA tAmbUlabhakSaNabhrUkSepa-khAkRta-hastAsphAlanAdibhyo'pi satyasAdhanavAdino'pi nigrahaH syAt / atha svapakSamaprasAdhayato'sya tato nigrahaH, nanvatrApi ki prativAdinA svapakSe sAdhite vAdino vacanAdhikyopAlambho nigraho lakSyeta, asAdhite vA? / prathamapakSe svapakSasiddhyavAsya nigrahAdvacanAdhikyodbhAvanamanarthakama,tasmin satyapi pakSasiddhimantareNa jayAyogAt / dvitIyapakSe tu yugapadvAdiprativAdinoH parAjayaprasaGgo jayaprasaGgo vA syAt, svapakSasiddharabhAvAvizeSAt / 108-nanu na svapakSasiddhyasiddhinibandhanau jayaparAjayau,tayorjJAnAjJAnanibandhanatvAt / sAdhanavAdinA hi sAdhusAdhanaM jJAtvA vaktavyam, dUSaNavAdinA ca dUSaNam / tatra sAdharmyavacanAdvaidharmyavacanAdvA'rthasya pratipattau tadubhayavacane vAdinaH prativAdinA sabhAyAmasAdhanAGgavacanasyodbhAvanAt sAdhusAdhanAjJAnasiddhaH parAjayaH / prativAdinastu tadUSaNajJAnanirNayAjjayaH syAt ityapyavicAritaramaNIyam, yataH sa prativAdI satsAdhanavAdinaH sAdhanAbhAsavAdino vA vacanAdhikyadoSamudbhAvayet ? / tatrAdyapakSe ko siddha kara lene ke pazcAt koI nAcane lage to bhI koI burAI nahIM / loka meM aisA dekhA jAtA hai / sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAne para bhI yadi vacanAdhikyamAtra se nigraha mAnA jAya to tAmbUlabhakSaNa, bhrUkSepa, vATkRta aura hastAsphAlana Adi se bhI nigraha mAna lenA cAhie / ya yaha mAnA jAya ki apane pakSa ko siddha na karane vAle ko hI vacanAdhikya nigrahasthAna hotA hai to yahA~ bhI yaha praSTavya hai ki-prativAdI dvArA apane pakSa kI siddhi kara lene para vAdI kA bacanAdhikya se nigraha hotA hai athavA prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi na hone para bhI vAdI nigRhIta ho jAtA hai ? prathama pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAe to prativAdI ke pakSa kI siddhi ho jAne se hI bAdI nigRhIta ho jAegA, phira vacanAdhikya kA ubhAvana karanA partha hai / kyoM ki vacanAdhikya kA udamAvana karane para bhI prativAdI jaba taka apane pakSa ko siddha na kara le taba taka vaha vijayI mahIM ho sktaa| yadi dUsarA pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAya to eka sAtha hI vAdI aura prativAdI ke parAjaya yA vijaya kA prasaMga hogA, kyoMki donoM meM se kisI ke bhI pakSa kI siddhi nahIM huI hai| 108-zaMkA-jaya aura parAjaya kA kAraNa svapakSa kI siddhi honA yA na honA nahIM hai| jaya aura parAjaya kA kAraNa to jJAna aura ajJAna haiM / sAdhanavAdo ko samIcIna sAdhana jAna kara prayoga meM lAnA cAhie aura dUSaNavAdI ko saccA dUSaNa jAna kara prayoga karanA cAhie / sAdharmyaprayoga yA vaidharmyaprayoga se artha kI pratipatti ho cukane para dUsare kA prayoga karane ke kAraNa prativAdI ne caturaMgasabhA meM vAdI ko asAdhanAMgavacana doSa kA udabhAvana kiyaa| isase bAdI ke samIcIna sAdhanasaMbaMdhI ajJAna kI siddhi huI. ataeva usakA parAjaya ho gayA aura prativAdI ke dUSaNajJAna kA nizcaya ho jAne se usakI vijaya huii| samAdhAna-yaha kathana avipAritaramaNIya hai| prativAdI samIcIna sAdhana kA prayoga karane vAle vAdI ko vacanAdhikya doSa kA udbhAvana karatA hai athavA asamIcIna sAdhana kA prayoga karane vAle ko ? yadi samIcIna
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 167 vAdinaH kathaM sAdhusAdhanAjJAnam, tadvacaneyattAjJAnasyavAbhAvA? / dvitIyapakSe tu na prativAdino dUSaNajJAnamavatiSThate sAdhanAbhAsasyAnudbhAvanAt / tadvacanAdhikyadoSasya jJAnAt dUSaNajJo'sAviti ceta; sAdhanAbhAsAjJAnAdadUSaSaNajJo'pIti naikAntato vAdinaM jayet, tadadoSodbhAvanalakSaNasya parAjayasyApi nivArayitumazakteH / atha vacanAdhikyadoSodbhAvanAdeva prativAdino jayasiddhau sAdhanAbhAsodbhAvanamanarthakam; nanvevaM sAdhanAbhAsAnudbhAvanAttasya parAjayasiddhau vacanAdhikyodbhAvanaM kathaM jayAya prklpet?| atha vacanAdhikyaM sAdhanAbhAsaM voddhAvayataH prativAdino jayaH; kathamevaM sAdharmyavacane vaidharmyavacanaM vaidharmyavacane vA sAdharmyavacanaM parAjayAya prabhavet? / kathaM caivaM vAdipra. tivAdinoH pakSapratipakSaparigrahavaiyayaM na syAt, kvacidekatrApi pakSe sAdhanasAmarthyajJAnAjJAnayoH sambhavAt? na khalu zabdAdau nityatvasyAnityatvasya vA parIkSAyAmekasya sAdhanasAmarthya jJAnamanyasya cAjJAnaM jayasya parAjayasya vA nibandhanaM na bhavati / yugasAdhana kA prayoga karane vAle ko karanA hai to kase kahA jA sakatA hai ki use satsAdhana kA jJAna nahIM hai ? use samIcIna sAdhana kA jJAna to hai, kevala vacanoM kI iyattA (pariNAma) kA hI jJAna nahIM hai / agara dUsarA pakSa svIkAra kiyA jAya to prativAdI ke dUSaNajJAna kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki vAdI ne sAdhanAbhAsa kA prayoga kiyA thA, kintu prativAdI ne sAdhanAbhAsa doSa kA ubhAmana nahIM kiyA (sirpha vacanAdhikya kA hI umAvana kiyaa|) zaMkA-vAdI ke vacanAdhikya doSa ko samajha lene se yaha siddha hotA hai ki prativAdI ko doSa kA jJAna hai| samAdhAna-kintu vAdI dvArA prayukta sAdhanAbhAsa kA jJAna na hone se vaha adoSajJa bhI to hai ! aisI sthiti meM vaha vAdo ko ekAntataH parAjita nahIM kara sktaa| kyoMki sAdhanAbhAsa rUpa doSa kA udbhAvana na karane ke kAraNa vaha apanI parAjaya ko roka nahIM sktaa| zaMkA-vacanAdhikya doSa kA udbhAvana karane se hI prativAdI ko vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai, ataeva sAdhanAbhAsa kA udbhAvana karanA vRthA hai / samAdhAna-to sAdhanAbhAsa kA udbhAvana na karane ke kAraNa prativAdI kA parAjaya siddha ho jAne para vacanAdhikya kA udbhAvana karane se bhI usakI vijaya kaise ho sakatI hai ? zaMkA-vacanAdhikya athavA sAdhanAbhAsa, ina donoM meM se kisI bhI eka doSa kA udabhAvana karane se hI prativAdI ko vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai| samAdhAna-to sAdharmyavacana aura vaidhaHvacana meM se kisI eka kA prayoga kara dene para dUsare ke prayoga se vAdI parAjita kaise ho sakatA hai ? isake atirikta, jaya aura parAjaya kA AdhAra yadi jJAna aura ajJAna hI mAnA jAe to vAdI aura prativAdI kA pakSa aura pratipakSa kA grahaNa karanA vyartha ho jAegA / sAdhana ke sAmarthya kA jJAna aura ajJAna to kisI eka pakSa meM bhI ho sakatA hai / zabda Adi kisI eka padArtha ko nityatA-anityatA kI parIkSA meM eka kA sAdhana ke sAmarthya kA jJAna aura dUsare kA etadviSayaka ajJAna jaya-parAjaya kA kAraNa na hotA ho, aisA to hai nhiiN| yadi eka hI sAtha
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________________ 158. pramANamImAMsA palmAdhanAsAmarthyajJAneca vAdiprativAdinoH kasya jayaH parAjayo vA syAdavizeSAt / na kasyaciditi cet tahi sAdhanavAdino vacanAdhikyakAriNaH sAdhanasAmarthyAjJAnasiddheH prativAdinazca vacanAdhikyadoSoddhAvanAttaddoSamAtrajJAnasiddharna kasyacijjayaH parAjayo vA syAt / nahi yo yaddoSaM vetti sa tadguNamapi,kutazcinmAraNazaktau vedane. 'pi viSadravyasya kuSThApanayanazaktau saMvedanAnudayAt / tanna tatsAmarthyajJAnAjJAnanibandhanau jayaparAjayau vyavasthApayituM zakyau, yathoktadoSAnuSaGgAt svapakSasiddhayasiddhinibandhanau tu tau niravadyau pakSapratipakSaparigrahavaiyarthyAbhAvAt / kasyacit kutazcit svapakSasiddhau sunizcitAyAM parasya tatsiddhayabhAvataH sakRjjayaparAjayaprasaGgAt / - 109-yaccedamadoSodbhAvanamityasya byAkhyAnam-prasajyapratiSedhe doSodbhAvanAbhAvamAtram-adoSodbhAvanama, paryudAse tu doSAbhAsAnAmanyadoSANAM codbhAvanaM prativAdino nigrahasthAnamiti-tata vAdinA'doSavati sAdhane prayukte satyanumatameva yadi vAdI vAdI aura prativAdI ko sAdhana ke sAmarthya kA jJAna ho jAya to kisakI jaya aura parAjaya hogI? yadi kisI kI bhI jaya-parAjaya na mAno to samIcIna sAdhana kA prayoga karane vAle kintu vacanAdhikya karane vAle vAdo ke sAdhanasAmarthya kA ajJAna siddha hone se tathA vacanAdhikya doSamAtra kA hI udbhAvana karane vAle prativAdI ke sirpha vacanAdhikya kA hI jJAna siddha hone se (sAdhanAbhAsa kA jJAna na hone se) kisI ko bhI naya yA parAjaya nahIM honI cAhie / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki jo jisake doSa ko jAnatA hai vaha usake guNa ko bhI avazya jAne / viSa meM prANaghAta kI zakti hotI hai aura kuSTha roga kA nivAraNa karane kI bhii| kintu saMbhava hai koI usako prANaghAtaka zakti ko to jAne kintu kuSThanivAraNa zakti se anajAna rahe / ataeva pUrvokta doSoM ke kAraNa sAdhana ke sAmarthya ke jJAna aura ajJAna ke AdhAra para jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA nahIM mAnI jA sktii| svapakSa kI siddhi aura asiddha ke kAraNa ho jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA mAnanA nirdoSa hai / aisA mAnane se pakSa-pratipakSa ko grahaNa karanA vyartha nahIM hotaa| kisI hetu se kisI ke pakSa kI siddhi sunizcita ho jAne ora dUsare ke pakSa kI siddhi kA abhAva hone para jaya-parAjaya ho sakatI hai / 109-bauddhasammata dUsare nigrahasthAna 'adoSobhAvana' kI vyAkhyA prasajya aura paryadAsa pakSa meM do prakAra se hotI hai| prasajya pakSa meM 'adoSobhAvana' kA artha hai-doSa kA udbhAvana nahIM karanA aura paryudAsa pakSa meM artha hai-doSAbhAsoM yA anya doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA / yaha prativAdI ke lie nigrahasthAna hai / agara vAdI ne nirdoSa sAdhana kA prayoga kiyA ho aura vaha apane pakSa kI siddhi kara le to yaha nigrahasthAna hameM bhI svIkAra hI hai ( kyoMki vAdI jaba nirdoSa sAdhana kA prayoga kara rahA hai aura prativAdI usameM doSa kA udbhAvana nahIM karatA yA doSAbhAsa kA udbhAvana karatA hai to prativAdI se parAjita hogA hii|), hA~, yadi vAdI bhI
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 169 svapakSaM sAdhayennAnyathA / vacanAdhikyaM tu doSaH prAMgeva prativihitaH / yathaiva hi paJcIvayavaprayoge vacanAdhikyaM nigrahasthAna tathA vyavayavaprayoge nyUnatApi syAdvizeSAbhAvAt / pratijJAdIni hi paJcApyanumAnAGgama--"pratijJAhetUdAharaNopanayanigamanAnyavayavAH" ( nyAyasU01. 1. 32 ) ityabhidhAnAt / teSAM madhye'nyatamasyApyanabhidhAne nyUnatAlyo doSo'nuSajyata eva "hInamanyatamenApi nyUnama" (nyAyasU05. 2. 12 ) iti vacanAt / tato jayetaravyavasthAyAM nAnyannimittamuktAnimittAdityalaM prasaGgena // 35 // 110-ayaM ca prAguktazcaturaGgo vAdaH kadAcitpatrAlambanamapyapekSate'tastallakSaNamatrAvazyAbhidhAtavyaM yato nAvijJAtasvarUpasyAsyAvalambanaM jayAya prabhavati na cAvijJAtasvarUpaM parapatraM bhettuM zakyamityAhaapane pakSa ko siddha na kara sake to use vijaya prApta nahIM ho sakatI / vacanAdhikya doSa kA uttara pahale diyA jA cukA hai / pA~ca avayavoM kA prayoga karanA yadi bauddha ko dRSTi meM adhika nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai to tIna avayavoM kA prayoga karanA naiyAyika kI dRSTi se nyUna nAmaka nigrahasthAna hai / ina donoM pakSoM meM yukti samAna hai| pratijJA Adi pAMcoM anumAna ke aMga haiN| nyAyasUtra meM kahA hai--'pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya, aura nigamana, yaha anumAna ke avayava haiN| ina meM se kisI bhI eka avayava kA kathana na karane se nyUnatA doSa kA prasaMga hotA hai / kahA bhI hai-kisI bhI eka avayava se hIna prayoga nyUna doSa hai| isa prakAra jaya aura parAjaya kI vyavasthA kA pUrvokta nimitta--svapakSa kI siddhi aura asiddhi-ke sivAya anya koI nimitta nahIM ho sktaa| aba yaha carcA samApta kI jAtI hai // 35 // 110-pUrvokta caturaMga vAda kabhI-kabhI patra ke AdhAra para bhI hotA hai / ataeva yahA~ patra kA lakSaNa batalAnA bhI Avazyaka hai / kyoMki jaba taka patra kA svarUpa na jAna liyA jAya taba taka usakA avalambana vijaya pradAna nahIM karA sktaa| isake atirikta patra kA svarUpa jAne binA pratipakSI ke patra kA bhedana bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa kAraNa patra kA svarUpa kahate haiM -1 -apUrNa samApta 1-kheda hai ki isake Age kA grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / jahA~ taka jJAta hai, yaha bhI nahIM mAlUma ho sakA ki yaha racanA hI apUrNa raha gaI yA pUrNa upalabdha nahIM ho rahI hai / isI graMtha kI pUrva pIThikA meM AcArya meM likhA hai-'paJcabhiraghyAyaH zAstrametadaracayadAcAryaH' arthAt AcArya ne pAMca adhyAyoM meM isa zAstra ko racanA kii| usa para se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki saMbhavataH isake mUlasUtra to pUre pAMca adhyAyoM meM race gaye hoN| TIkA ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa|
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________________ Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Yan Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Jian Ji Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Dang Chang Yong Yong Yong Zhou Ge Ge Xun Yong Yong Yong Yong Zhou Ji Dong Xun Zhou Yong Yong Yong Xun Xun Ge Ge Yong Yong Yong
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________________ 1 pramANamImAMsAyAH sUtrapAThaH / atha pramANamImAMsA // 1 // / sparzarasagandharUpazabdagrahaNalakSaNAni sparza samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam // 2 // | narasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANIMdriyANi dravyasvanirNayaH sannapyalakSaNam, apramANe'pi bhAvabhedAni // 21 // bhAvAt // 3 // dravyedriyaM niyatAkArAH pudgalAH // 22 // prahISyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi | bhAveMdriyaM labdhyupayogau // 23 / / nAprAmANyam // 4 / sarvArthagrahaNaM manaH // 24 // anubhayatrobhayakoTisparzI prtyyHsNshyH|5|| nArthAloko jJAnasya nimittamavyatirekAt vishessaanullekhyndhyvsaayH||6|| // 25 // asmistadeveti viparyayaH // 7 // akSArthayoge darzanAnantaramarthagrahaNamavagrahaH26 prAmANya nizcayaH svataH parato vA // 8 // | avagRhItavizeSAkAGkSaNamIhA // 27 // pramANaM dvidhA // 9 // IhitavizeSanirNayo'vAyaH // 28 // pratyakSa parokSaM ca // 10 // smRtiheturdhAraNA // 29 // vyavasthAnyadhIniSedhAnAM siddheH pratyakSatara- pramANasya viSayo dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu30 pramANasiddhiH // 11 // arthakriyAsAmarthyAt // 31 // bhAvAbhAvAtmakatvAdvastuno niviSayo'bhAvaH tallakSaNatvAdvastunaH // 32 // // 12 // pUrvottarAkAraparihArasvIkArasthitilakSaNavizadaH pratyakSam // 13 // "pariNAmenAsyArthakriyopapattiH // 33 // pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA / phalamarthaprakAzaH // 34 // vaizadyam // 14 // karmasthA kriyA // 35 // tata sarvathAvaraNavilaye cetanasya svarUpA- | kartasthA pramANama // 36 // virbhAvo mukhyaM kevalam // 15 // tasyAM satyAmarthaprakAzasiddhaH // 37 // prajJAtizayavizrAntyAdisiddhestatsiddhiH 16 ajJAnanivattirvA // 38 // bAdhakAbhAvAcca // 17 // avagrahAdInAM vA kramopajanadharmANAM pUrva tattAratamye'vadhimanaHparyAyau ca // 18 // / pUrva pramANamuttaramuttaraM phalam // 39 // vizuddhikSetrasvAmiviSayabhedAt tdbhedH|19|| hAnAdibuddhayo vA // 40 // idriyamanonimitto'vagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA | pramANAdbhinAbhinnam / / 4 / / sAMvyavahArikam // 20 // | svaparAbhAsI pariNAmyAtmA pramAtA / 42 / ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracitAyAM pramANamImAMsAyAM prathamasyAdhyAyasya prathamamAhnikam avizadaH parokSam // 1 // uhaH // 5 // smRtipratyabhijJAnohAnumAnAgamAstadvidhayaH2 vyAptiApakasya vyApye sati bhAva eva vAsanobodhahetukA tadityAkArA smRtiH / vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhaavH||6|| darzanasmaraNasambhavaM tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvi- sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnam anumAnam // 7 // lakSaNaM tatpratiyogItyAdisaGkalanaM pratyabhi- tat dvidhA svArtha parArthaM ca // 8 // jJAnam // 4 // svArtha svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvakalaupalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnam | kSaNAt sAdhanAt sAdhyajJAnam // 9 //
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________________ 172 pramANamImAMsAyA: sUtrapAThaH / sahakramabhAvinoH shkrmbhaavniymo'vinaa-| dharmI pramANasiddhaH / / 16 / / bhAvaH // 10 // | buddhisiddho'pi // 17 // UhAt tannizcayaH // 11 // na dRSTAnto'numAnAGgam // 18 // svabhAvaH kAraNaM kAryamekArthasamavAyi vi- sAdhanamAtrAt ttsiddheH||19|| rodhi ceti paJcadhA sAdhanam // 12 // sa vyAptidarzamabhUmiH // 20 // 'siSAdhayiSitamasiddhamabAdhyaM sAdhyaM pakSaH13/ sa sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM dvadhA // 21 // pratyakSAnumAnAgamalokasvavacanapratItayo | sAdhanadharmaprayuktasAdhyadharmayogI sIdhamyabAdhAH // 14 // .. dRSTAntaH // 22 // sAdhyaM sAdhyadharmaviziSTo dharmI, kvacittu | sAdhyadharmanivRttiprayuktasAdhanadharmaniti. dhrmH||15|| ___ yogI vaidharmyadRSTAntaH // 23 // ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracitAyAM pramANamImAMsAyAM prathamasyAdhyAyasya dvitIyamAhnikam / yathoktasAdhanAbhidhAnajaH parArtham / / 1 // / viparItaniyamo'nyathaivopapadyamAno viruddhaH vacanamupacArAt / / 2 // // 20 // tad dvadhA // 3 // niyamasyAsiddhau sandehe vA'nyathApyupapadyatathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhedAt // 4 // mAno'naikAntikaH // 21 // nAnayostAtparye bhedaH // 5 // sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAmaSTAvaSTau dRSTAntAata eva nobhayoH prayogaH // 6 / / bhAsAH // 22 // viSayopadarzanAthaM tu pratijJA / / 7 / / amUrtatvena nitye zabde sAdhya karmaparamANugamyamAnatve'pi sAdhyadharmAdhArasandehA- __ ghaTAH saadhysaadhnobhyviklaaH||23|| panodAya dhamiNi pakSadharmopasaMhAravat vaidhamryeNa paramANukarmAkAzAH sAdhyAdyatadupapattiH // 8 // vyatirekiNaH / / 24 // etAvAn prekSaprayogaH // 9 // vacanAdAge rAgAnmaraNadharmakiJcijjabodhyAnarodhAta pratijJAhetadAharaNopana- tvayoH sandigdhasAdhyAdyanvayavyatirekA ... yanigamanAni paJcApi // 10 // rathyApuruSAdayaH / 25 // sAdhyAnirdezaH pratijJA // 11 // viparItAnvayavyatirekauM / / 26 / / sAdhanatvAbhivyaJjakavibhaktyantaM sAdhana- apradarzitAnvayavyatirekau // 27 // vacanaM hetuH / / 12 / / sAdhanadoSodbhAvanaM dUSaNam // 28 // dRSTAntavacanamudAharaNam // 13 // abhUtadoSodbhAvanAni dUSaNAbhAsA jAtyurdhAmaNi sAdhanasyopasaMhAra upanayaH / / 14 / / tarANi // 29 // sAdhyasya nigamanam // 15 // tattvasaMrakSaNArthaM prAznikAdisamakSaM sAdhanaasiddhaviruddhAnakAntikAstrayo hetvA- dUSaNavadanaM vAdaH // 30 // __ bhAsAH / / 16 / / svapakSasya siddhirjayaH // 31 // nAsannanizcitasattvo vA'nyathAnupapanna iti asiddhiH parAjayaH // 32 // sattvasyAsiddhau sandehe vaa'siddhH||17|| sa nigraho vaadiprtivaadinoH||33|| vAdiprativAdyubhayabhedAccaitadbhadaH / / 18 / / na vipratipattyapratipattimAtram // 34 // vizeSyAsiddhAdInAmeSvevAntarbhAvaH // 19 // nA'pyasAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvane // 35 // ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracitAyAM pramANamImAMsAyAM dvitIyasyAdhyAyasya kiyanti suutraanni|
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________________ zrI sudharmA mudraNAlaya, pAtharDI, ahamadanagara