Indian Antiquary Vol 22

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 47

FEBRUARY, 1893.)
KALYANI. INSCRIPTIONS.
35
and which possesses the following characteristics, namely, that it is inaccessible to men and women; that it is favourable to the exercise of the four iriyapathas; that it is not a place subjected to noise; and that the usufructuary right, exercised in respect of it, is capable of support. ing life ;-the branches of trees, &c., connecting that pakatigamakhétta or visungámakhétta with other gámakhéttas should be cut down ; and a number of boundary-marks should be placed around the site setected for the consecration of the sima, should such simá be a mahasimá, whose extent is difficult to apprehend and whose form is not well defined. If, however, it is desired to consecrate & khuddakasi má, whose form is triangular, and whose extent is easy to apprehend, three boundary-marks should be placed. But if the form of the simá to be consecrated is square or rectangular, four boundary marks would suffice; and if the form is a polygon, the number of boundary-marks should be in proportion. The connecting branches of trees, &c., which are either within or without the boundary, should be cut down, and the extent of the simá clearly defined. Of all the priests residing within or without the boundary of that gámakhélta, those, who are worthy of the privilege, should be inducted within the hatthapása, and the declarations of assent of those who are absent, should be received, the remaining priests being excluded from the gánakhétta. For the purpose of guiding travelling prieste, guards should be stationed all round the gamakhatta ; and, in order to notify the fact publicly, flags and streamers should be planted at various places; and the boundaries should be proclaimed three times by the sounding of drums, conch-shells, and other musical instrumente. Eventually, the simá should be consecrated by having the kammaváchá read with proper intonation. The consecration of a simá, which is attended by such ceremonies, is inviolable and valid; and the upasampadá ordination and other ceremonies, performed in such a simá, are likewise inviolable and valid.
The characteristic of an equable rainy season is, that, daring the four months of its continuance, an uninterrapted shower falls once every half month, or every fifth day; that of a deficient rainy season is, that a shower falls after the lapse of a half month; and that of an excessive rainy season is, that the intervening period between one shower and another is less than five days, that is to say, rain falls every fourth, third, or second day, or every day (without interruption).
"If, during the four months of an equable rainy season, the under-robe of a bhikkhuni crossing a stream, at any place, whether it be a landing-place or not, is wetted to the extent of one or two finger-breadths, such a stream acquires the status of a nadi. If, during the four months of the rainy season, which is an equable one because of rain falling once every halfmonth, the under-robe of a bhikkhuní crossing a stream, at any place, is wetted, such a stream acquires the status of a mahánadi. If, during the four months of the rainy season, which is an equable one because of rain falling once every tenth day, the under-robe of a bhikkhuní crossing a stream, at any place, is wetted, such a stream acquires the status of a majjhimanadi. If, during the four months of the rainy season, which is an equable one because of rain falling once every fifth day, the under-robe of a bhikkhuní crossing a stream, at any place, is wetted, such a stream acquires the status of a khuddakanadi.
“If, during the four months of a rainy season, which is an equable one, the, under-robe of a bhikkhuni crossing a stream, at any place, is wetted, but is not wetted when the rainy season is a deficient one, it should not be declared that such a stream does not acquire the status of a nadi, because a deficient rainy season cannot be the criterion in determining its status. If, 1 wever, during the four months of a rainy season, which is an equable one, the under-robe of a bhikkhuni crossing a stream, at any place, is not wetted, but is wetted when the rainy season is an excessive one, it should not be declared that such a stream acquires the status of & nadi, because an excessive rainy season can neither be the criterion in determining its statas.
"A lake is of spontaneous origin. It is not excavated by any one, but is filled with water that flows from all round it. If, during the four months of a rainy season, which is an