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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JUNE, 1893.
II. The victor of many a battlefield, who bore on his person no less than 96 scara gained in battle.
III. He who constructed a roof of gold to the sacred hall in the temple at Chidambaram. From the Leyden grant it appears that this king was Parantaka-Chola. He also bore the title of Vira-Narayana-Chola.
IV. He who conquered the Malainadu, i.e., most probably the Kongu and Chêra countries, and killed 18 princes in retaliation for the insult offered to his envoy
V. He whose armies seized the countries bordering on the Ganga and Kadaram.
VI. He who defeated the king of Vange, and thrice attacked Kalyana, the capital of the Western Châlokyas.
VII. He who won the battle of Koppa (or Koppai). The inscriptions of this king, commencing with the words Tirumaga! maruviya seng ôl véndan, are found in many parts of the Tamil country, and it appears from them that he was known by the title of Udaiyar brl-Rajondradova, alias KO-Parakosarivarman.
VIII. He who made a surpa-sayana, i.e. a couch or bed in the shape of a coiled serpent, for the image of Vishņu at Srirangam.
IX. The victor of Kudal-sangama. X. His successor, of whom no particulars are given.
XI. He who chased the Pandyas, defeated the Chêra, twice quelled the rebellion at Salai, annexed Konkanam and Kannadam, caused the death of the proud king of the Marattas, and abolished all tolls throughout his kingdom. This is Udaiyar 'Sri-Rajarajadêva, alius Ko-Rajakesarivarman, whose inscriptions begin with the words Tirumaga! póla perunilachchelviyum.7
XII. Vikrama-Chola, the hero of the poem, and the son of the last mentioned king. Nig inscriptions begin with the words Tiru manni valara and are found in several of the large teinples in the Tamil districts. He bore the title Udaiyår Sri-Rajendra-Chôladêva, alias KoParakesarivarman.
Then the poem describes the king's bed-room, his morning-bath, prayers and dress, of which his jewels form the most conspicuous part. The usual complimentary phrases describing the reigning king as the consort of the goddess of the Earth and of the goddesses of Wealth and Victory occur here. This helps us to understand the allusion in almost every inscription of this period to Bhuvanam-muludum-udaiyal or Ulagam-muludum-udaiyA), i.e. the goddess of the Earth, as the mistress of the king. After a tedious and overdrawn account of the royal elephant, the poem proceeds to give a vivid sketch of the pompous pageant which the procession of an oriental king always presents. The king is seated on an elephant under the shade of a magnificent parasol, while his attendants fan him with chauris. Huge sea-shells and pipes are blown; the big drums thunder; the royal bodyguard, with drawn swords, appear behind
1 Archaol. Surv. South. India, Vol. IV. p. 217.
Manual of the Salem District, Vol. II. p. 369. * This appears to be the great Rajaraja, whose inscriptions refer to the conquest of Malainko; see SouthIndian Inscriptions, Vol. II. pp. 2 and 236.-3. H.)
• [This must be Rajaraja's son Rájendra-Chola, who boasts in his inscriptions to have conquered the Ganga and Kadåram ; ibid. p. 109.-E. H.)
3 [The corresponding verse (viii. 26) of the Kalingattu-Parani suggests that No. VI. is K-RAjakderivarman culina Raj Adhir Ajadeva, who, according to his unpublished insoriptione, "on used to be burnt the palace of the Chalukya (king) in the city of Kampili."-E. H.]
• The same battle is mentioned in unpublished inscriptions of Kô- Rajakesarivarman, alias Vira-Rajendradeva. -E.R.]
T'I cannot follow Mr. Kanakasabhai hero, but believe that the king referred to is Kulóttunga I. (A. D. 1063 to 1112.)-E..]
In my opinion, the hero of the poem is not Rajendra-Chola, but Vikrama-Chola, who ruled from A. D. 1112 to 1127; see ante, Vol. II. p. 282.-5. 11.)
