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Dr. Charlotte Krause: Her Life & Literature
dependent on circumstances in getting his food.
(iv) Rasatyāga, i.e., renunciation of the 'Vikṛtis', of which four, as we saw before, viz., meat, butter, honey and alcohol (the socalled 'Great Vikṛtis') are prohibited completely, whereas the remaining six, viz., milk, curds, ghee, oil, molasses and certain fried things, can be renounced in an optional measure, as far as there are no fixed prescriptions for certain special forms of austerities.
(v) Kāyakleśa, or mortification of one's body, consists in sitting or standing, for a certain time to be fixed, in one or other of the various Asanas, or ascetical postures, which play such a great part in the rites of certain Hindu sects. With the Jainas, the most frequent postures are the Kayotsarga posture, i.e., the standing with one's arms hanging loosely down, without coming into contact with the body, and the Padmasana posture, i.e., sitting with crossed legs in a particular way. Certain particular forms of austerities require the ascetic to stand in the Kayotsarga posture for a whole night or longer. Also in the rites of the Śravakas, the two āsanas are frequent.
6. Saṁlīnatā, i.e., withdrawing one's senses from all impure objects, particularly by avoiding to stay longer in closer connection with persons and even animals of the other sex, or by trying to suppress one's passions and to reduce one's activities, except such of a ritualistic nature.
[b] Interior Austerities
1. The first of the interior austerities is the Prayaścitta, i.e., atonement for transgressions. It is composed of ten different elements, viz.,
(i) Ālocană, i.e., confession before the Guru,
(ii) Pratikramaņa, i.e., repentance, which includes the promise strictly to avoid the respective transgressions in future, (iii) Miśra Prāyaścitta, i.e., a combination of the two
elements,
(iv) Viveka, i.e., renunciation,
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