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Ancient Jaina Hymns
453
Kalpa', viz., Brahmaloka the 5th Kalpa, Lantaka the 6th Kalpa, Śukra the 7th Kalpa, and Sahasrāra the 8th Kalpa, respectively. The 9th and 10th Kalpas, viz., Ānata in the south, and Prāṇata in the north, form the 7th layer, and the 11th and 12th Kalpas, viz., Āraņa in the south, and Acyuta in the north, constitute the 8th layer. Above these 12 Kalpas are situated the realms of the Kalpātīta gods. They consists of two layers, the lower of which contains the 9 Graiveyaka-vimanas, named Vijaya, Vaijayanta, Jayanta, Aparājita, and Sarvārthasiddha. Cp. Tattv. IV. 17 ff. and commentary. The physical and ethical refinement of the various classes of divinities is in direct proportion to the elevation of their respective abodes.
Out of the nine last existences of Munisuvrata, four were spent in Heaven, viz., the second in the first Kalpa Saudharma, the fourth in the third Kalpa Sanatkumāra, the sixth in the fifth Kalpa Brahmaloka, and the eighth in the Anuttara-vimāna Aparājita, each being preceded and followed by a human one, and each representing a higher level of refinement than the preceding one.
(5) ‘Hari-kula' = 'Hari-varśa', the Kșatriya dynasty to which the two Tīrtharkaras Muni Suvrata and Neminātha belonged, while the remaining 22 were all scions of the ‘Ikşvāku' dynasty.
(6) jani-maham' = 'janma-mahotsavaṁ', alluding to the belief that the gods celebrate the birth of each Tīrtharkara with great eclat, after taking the new-born babe to the fairy-island of Nandiśvara-dvīpa, outside the world of men.
'ādya-jñāna-traya' = the first three out of the five categories of knowledge, viz., (a) mati-jñāna or knowledge obtained through the senses and the process of thinking, (b ) śruta-jñāna or knowledge acquired by instruction, (c) avadhi-jñāna or transcendental knowledge of material things, (d) manah-paryaya-jñāna or thought reading, and (e) kevala-jñāna or omniscience. Cp. Tattv. I, 9 ff. The Tīrtharkaras are believed to possess the first 3 categories from their very conception, and to acquire the last two at later stages of their lives.
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