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Dr. Charlotte Krause : Her Life & Literature
(b) The Past Participle with is the ordinary Perfect Tense:
तरै हूं राज कनै आयो छु I.73
मै तो संक्षेप मात्र कह्या छै VII.88 (c) The Past Participle with an in the ordinary Pluperfect Tense :
निज सनांन करणने आई थी I.95
नासकेतनै .... .... मेलीयो थो IV.37 831. III. The Periphrastic Passive always has a potential
sense : see $ 16.
$32. IV. A kind of Middle Voice is formed by prefixing to the verbal forms the adjective उरो, री ( which corresponds to modern वरो and ओरुं): पिजरो उरो लेनै
III.15 चंद्रावतीनै उरी बुलाई IV.32 देनै उंरा ले
XIII.32 $ 33. V. Verbal Compounds . A kind of compounds are formed from the different conjunctive participles by combining them with such verbs as आ, जा, नीसर, रह. Such compounds 'may be said to supply the place of verbs compounded with prepositions in Latin and Greek, or that of such particles as on, down, away, united to verbs in English', as Tisdall states with regard to the Gujarati compounds in his Gujarati Grammar. In our text, the following compounds occur : आय नीसर
'to approach', 'to appear' मेल आ
'to take away' ले आ; ल्या; or ले जा 'to take with oneself' देने जा
'to give' (in an emphatic sense ) पोस कर
'to keep feeding' कर रह; or करनै रह 'to keep doing'
Sometimes, however, the second verb merely seems to have the function of an auxiliary, adding no remarkable shade of sense : पुछनै आ
to ask मर जा
to die
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