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Dr. Charlotte Krause : Her Life & Literature
promiscuously, but only with strong nouns ); or the formation of the present and imperative of vowel-stems. In our text, the latter are not yet reduced ( as in the modern dialects ) to a uniform type, but still show the following formations :
The case-ending added to the stem ( i ) without any modification as with consonant-stems : jāu, nãu; (ii) the vowel of the stem becoming a semi-vowel : dyum, dyo; (iii) a semi-vowel being developed : jāvai; (iv) the stem itself being, if possible, modified by the latter : diyai, huvai; and (v) there are even some remnants of the old Prākrta forms which had been regularly developed out of the Samsksta paradigms, such as Jāya from Prāksta jai from Samskrta yāti; de from Prākṣta dei from Samsksta dadāti; hoya from Prāksta hoi from Sarsksta bhavati.
Of these types, the first has been generalized throughout Modern Rājasthānī with regard to the first person singular, as e.g., haus, jāuń, whereas, in the other persons, Modern Mārawādi has generalized the third, as e.g., hovai, jāvai, most of the other Rājasthāni dialects, however, the fifth , cp. e.g., Jaipuri jāya; of the second type, only the Jaipuri forms of the imperative plural dyo and lyo have been preserved as special 'irregularities'.
Of past participles, our text, similarly, shows the parallel types diyo ( and huṁvo ) and āyo ( and joyo ), of which the latter survives in Modern Mārawādi. Of the types huṁto, jāto and jāvato of the pres. part., the latter has been carried through in Mārawādi ( with the exception of the 'irregular' hoto), the second in the other modern dialects. In the modern Thāli dialect spoken in Jaisalmer, also the root ho forms a 'regular' pres. part. hovato.
These verbal stems ending in vowels show the interesting phenomenon of the final -va which we have e.g., in our āvato, jāvai, huvai etc., and which originally ( like the ya in dīyai etc.) was a sort of glide, becoming, in the course of time, an element of inflection, nay even of stem-formation, as in Modern Mārawādi, Nīmādī, and, partly, in Jaipuri, too ( cp. e.g., the shape of the stem ā, or āva resp. in
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