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An Interpretation of Jaina Ethics
(v) Kāyotsarga, i.e., stopping, as far as possible, the activity of one's body,
( vi ) Austerities, (vii) Cheda, i.e., the partial cutting of one's seniority,
(viii) Müla Prāyaścitta, i.e., the complete cutting of the latter,
(ix ) Anavasthāpya Prāyaścitta, i.e., the complete cutting of the seniority, and delaying, for a long period, a repetition of the great initiation,
(x ) Pārāñcita Prāyaścitta, i.e., exclusion from the order for twelve years.
2. The second interior austerity is Vinaya, i.e., appropriate behaviour with reference to study, to one's fellow ascetics, to the ritualistic and ethical rules, to one, Guru, etc.
3. Vaiyāvíttya, i.e., unselfish service, corresponds, to some extent, to the idea of Bhakti in Hindu Religion. Vaiyāvsttya or Veyāvacca, as it is generally called, with its old Prāksta name, is to be rendered to one's superiors by rank and seniority, to sick fellow ascetics, or such engaged in austerities, to young ascetics, to one's closer or wider ascetical community, and to the Sangha, the general community.
4. Svādhyāya, i.e., Study, viz., teaching and learning, discussing, repeating, meditating upon, and preaching on religious matters.
5. Subha Dhyāna, i.e., Pure Meditation, which is either Dharma Dhyāna, i.e., Religious Meditation and Sukla Dhyāna, i.e., Bright Meditation, which latter is distinguished by its faultless purity and its profoundness. Both the kinds of pure meditation have various sub-divisions. A description of them would, however, form a whole chapter in itself.
6. Kāyotsarga, which occurred already as one of the kinds of Prāyaścitta. The ascetic practising the Kāyotsarga austerity either gives up the society of his fellow ascetics and roams about, alone
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