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Ancient Jaina Hymns
13. Nirnaya Sāgara Press, 1926; p. 34 ff.
14. M. Winternitz, A History of Indian Literature, Vol. II, Published by the University of Calcutta, 1933, p. 478.
339
15. Part I, Published by Jaina Samskṛti Sangha, Sholapur, 1943, p. 266 (IV, st. 934 ff. ).
16. As quoted in Vastusära-prakaraṇa, Jaipur City, 1936, 'Parisiṣṭa', p. 169 ff.
17. (i) Bhavanapatis, whose realm lies 1,000 yojanas below the surface of the earth, stretching thousands of yojanas into the depth, and who are divided into the 10 sub-classes: Asura-, Nāga-, Vidyut-, Suparṇa-, Agni-, Vata-, Stanita-, Udadhi-, Dvipa-, and Dik-kumāras;
(ii) Vyantaras, whose abodes lie 100 yojanas below the surface of the earth and who are divided into the 8 subclasses: Kinnaras, Kimpurusas, Mahoragas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rakṣasas, Bhūtas and Piśācas;
(iii) Jyotiskas, located high up in space, and represented by the several suns, moons, planets, fixed stars, etc.;
(iv) Vaimānikas, residing in vimānas in a layer of space high above the realm of the Jyotiskas, and represented by divinities of the highest degrees of perfection, which increases in proportion to the elevation of their abodes from the ground.
Vide Tattv. IV, 11ff.; Prajñ. II, Sūtra 46ff., Tiloyap. III, Devendra-stava-prakīrņaka st. 15 ff. etc.
18. Cp. Tattv. IV, 6 and Devendra. st. 15 ff. and 66 ff.
19. Vide Tattv. IV, 12, p. 284, Bhāṣya, where these Yakṣas are called 'vatavṛkṣa-dhvaja', i.e., having the banyan tree as their emblem.
Jain Education International
20. Vide Prajñ. loc. cit.; in Tiloya. the name is 'Dharaṇānanda'. 21. Tattv. IV, 11, p. 282; Bhāṣya ( ‘phani-cihna').
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