Pandulipi Vigyan

Author(s): Satyendra
Publisher: Rajasthan Hindi Granth Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020536/1

Page #1
pANDulipi vijJAna DaoN. satyendra 1 e kha aura U~ 2.di.sti aura na 3.ni.zrI aura ma 4.5 I DA,rAka rArka Ska rkapka (pke) ke. ke. phra aura pu 5. rtR ,tA nR.ha aura nR 6. phra, fai..gha.bha.pu.vyA aura phla 19- ga, gA, gA, ubha urgA, aura bhu 8-ha.I hA, aura dU o,,I,uM.U.a aura rnu, 10-lU la. La,rATa.31 a aura patA 20 - tha thA.rtha. dha.rgha, pva aura Sa 30- lalA.la aura lA 40-psa,pta,ptA,ptA aura pu 50%3D6,66,80auraNa 60-cuvu ghu,thu,tha rtha,dhu .dhu aura ghu 70: cuc.thartha.dhU aura ta 80-97,40.6.20 aura pu 20-67,3.4,4aura cha 100-su,sU,lu aura a 200-su sUrsa A.lU aura bUM 300= stA,sA ,sAsu.su aura sU 400= so,sto aura stA rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #2
pANDulipi vijJAna naska OCToday NA rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #3
prathama-saMskaraNa : 1978 dvitIya-saMskaraNa : 1989 Pandulipi Vijnana mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa mantrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra kI vizvavidyAlaya starIya grantha-nirmANa yojanA ke antargata, rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI dvArA prakAzita / mUlya : 55.00 rupaye (c) sarvAdhikAra prakAzaka ke adhIna prakAzaka : rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI e-26 2, vidyAlaya mArga, tilaka nagara jayapura-302 004 mudraka : jhUlelAla priNTarsa jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #4
prakAzakIya bhUmikA rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI apanI sthApanA ke 20 varSa pUre karake 15 julAI, 1989 ko 21veM varSa meM praveza kara cukI hai| isa avadhi meM vizva sAhitya ke vibhinna viSayoM ke utkRSTa granthoM ke hindI anuvAda tathA vizvavidyAlaya ke zaikSaNika stara ke maulika granthoM ko hindI meM prakAzita kara akAdamI ne hindI-jagat ke zikSakoM, chAtroM eva anya pAThakoM kI sevA karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai aura isa prakAra vizvavidyAlaya stara para hindI meM zikSaNa ke mArga ko sugama banAyA hai| ___ akAdamI kI nIti hindI meM aise granthoM kA prakAzana karane kI rahI hai jo vizvavidyAlaya ke snAtaka aura snAtakottara pAThyakramoM ke anukUla hoM / vizvavidyAlaya stara ke aise utkRSTa mAnaka grantha jo upayogI hote hue bhI pustaka prakAzana kI vyAvasAyikatA kI daur3a meM apanA samucita sthAna nahIM pA sakate hoM, aura aise grantha bhI jo aMgrejI kI pratiyogitA ke sAmane Tika nahIM pAte hoM, akAdamI prakAzita karatI hai| isa prakAra akAdamI jJAna-vijJAna ke hara viSaya meM una durlabha mAnaka granthoM ko prakAzita karatI rahI hai aura karegI jinako pAkara hindI ke pAThaka lAbhAnvita hI nahIM, gauravAnvita bhI ho sake / hameM yaha kahate hue harSa hotA hai ki akAdamI ne 330 se bhI adhika aise durlabha aura mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai jinameM se ekAdhika kendra, rAjyoM ke bojhai evaM anya saMsthAoM dvArA puraskRta kiye gaye haiM tathA aneka vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA anuzaMsita / rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI ko apane sthApanA-kAla se hI bhArata sarakAra ke zikSA maMtrAlaya se preraNA aura sahayoga prApta hotA rahA hai tathA rAjasthAna sarakAra ne isake pallavana meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai, ataH akAdamI apane lakSyoM kI prApti meM ukta sarakAroM kI bhUmikA ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatI hai / hameM 'pANDulipi-vijJAna' kA dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzita karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / vidvAn lekhaka ne isa jaTila viSaya ko isameM sarala evaM spaSTa rUpa meM sAdhikAra prastuta kiyA hai / prAcIna sAhitya ke adhyetAoM ke lie aura snAtakottara chAtroM ke lie yaha atyanta upayogI siddha huI hai| pI0 bI0 mAthura adhyakSa rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI evaM zikSA Ayukta, rAjasthAna sarakAra, jayapura DaoN. rAghava prakAza nidezaka rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI jayapura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #5

Page #6
zrImatI vidyAdharI ko For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #7

Page #8
bhUmikA (prathama saMskaraNa) lIjiye yaha hai pAMDulipi vijJAna kI pustaka / zrApane "pAMDulipi " to dekhI hogI, usakA bhI vijJAna ho sakatA hai yA hotA hai, yaha bAta bhI jAnane yogya hai / isa pustaka meM kucha yahI batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki pAMDulipi vijJAna kyA hai aura usameM kina bAtoM aura viSayoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ? vastutaH pAMDulipi ke jitane bhI avayava haiM, prAyaH sabhI kA alaga-alaga eka vijJAna hai aura unameM se kaiyoM para alaga-alaga vidvAnoM dvArA likhA bhI gayA hai, kintu pAMDulipi vijJAna una sabase jur3A hokara bhI apane zrApa meM eka pUrNa vijJAna hai, maiMne isI dRSTi ko AdhAra banAkara yaha pustaka likhI hai / kahIM-kahIM pAMDulipi ke avayavoM meM AlaMkArikatA aura citra-sajjA kA ullekha pAMDulipi nirmANa ke upayogI kalA-tattvoM ke rUpa meM bhI huA hai / / para, yaha bAta bhI dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki pAMDulipi mUlataH kalAtmaka bhAvanA se vyApta rahatI hai / pahale to upayogI kalAtmakatA kA sparza usameM sundara ho, jisa para sApha-sApha likhA jA sake / lekhanI acchI ho, vAlI ho, aura likhAvaTa aisI ho ki AsAnI se par3hI jA sake likhAvaTa ko dekhakara use par3hane kA mana karane lge| kaI raMgoM pahale to abhiprAya yA prayojana bheda ke nAma, aMtaraMga zIrSaka, Adi mUla pATha se haiM / kintu yaha upayogI sahaja sundaratA to pustaka yA pAMDulipi kI sAmAnyataH usakI grAhakatA bar3hAne ke lie hI hotI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rahatA hai / lipyAsana syAhI bhI mana ko bhAne AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai; bhinna batAne ke lie lAla yaha bhI dRSTi rahatI hai ki syAhiyoM kA upayoga For Private and Personal Use Only jaise-- puSpikA, chaMda syAhI se likhe jAte para, pAMDulipi pUrI utkRSTa kalA kI kRti ho sakatI hai, aura yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki usameM vividha avayavoM meM hI kalAtmakatA ho / sampUrNa kRti kI kalAtmakatA meM utkRSTatA ke lie lipyAsana bhI utkRSTa honA cAhie, yathA bahuta sundara banA huprA sAMcIpAta ho sakatA hai / hAthIdAMta ho sakatA hai / 2 usa para kitane hI raMgoM se banA huA AkarSaka hAziyA ho sakatA hai, usa para bar3hiyA pakkI syAhI yA syAhiyoM meM, kaI pArTI meM mohaka likhAvaTa kI gayI ho, pratyeka akSara suDaula ho / puSpikAe~ bhinna raMga kI syAhI meM likhI gayI hoM / mAMgalika cihna yA zabda bhI mohaka hoM / aisI kRti sarvAMga sundara hotI hai, aisI pustaka taiyAra karane meM bahuta samaya aura parizrama karanA par3atA hai / kRtikAra yA lipikAra kI kalA kA prathama utkRSTa prayoga hameM likhAvaTa meM milatA hai / 1. alavara ke saMgrahAlaya meM 'hakta bande kAzI' zrI e0 ema0 usmAnI sAhaba ne batAyA hai ki "yaha kitAba bhI nAderAta kA ajIba namUnA hai| hAthIdAMta meM varaka taiyAra karake una para nehAyata rozana kAlI siyAhI se umdA nasatAlika meM likhA gayA hai / hurUpha kI noka palaka bahuta umadA hai / - isa para sone kA kAma sone meM suhAgA hai / bahuta bArIka aura kAbile dIda gulakArI hai / " ('da risarcara' pR0 37 ) /

Page #9
likhAvaTa ko taraha-taraha se sundara banAne se lipi ke vikAsa meM anya kAraNoM ke sAtha eka kAraNa use sundara banAne ke prayatna se bhI sambandhita hai| kintu lipi-lekhana apane Apa meM eka kalA kA rUpa le letA hai| phArasa meM isa kalA kA vizeSa vikAsa huA hai| vahAM se bhArata meM bhI isakA prabhAva pAyA aura phArasI lipi meM to isa kalA kA caramotkarSa huaa| bhArata meM akSaroM ke pAlaMkArika rUpa meM likhane kA calana kama nahIM rahA / hamane kitane hI akSaroM ke AlaMkArika rUpa, Age pustaka meM diye haiN| lekhana/likhAvaTa meM sundaratA yA kalAtmakatA ke samAveza se grantha kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai| lipi ke kalAtmaka ho jAne para samasta grantha hI kalAkRti kA rUpa le letA hai / 'enasAiklopIDiyA Ava rilIjana eNDa aithiksa' kA yaha uddharaNa hamAre kathana kI puSTi karatA hai : "Not only so, but Skilled Scribes have devoted infinite time to Copying in luxurious Style the Compositions of famous persian poets and their manuscripts are in themselves works of art." ananta samaya lagAkara dhairya aura lekhana kauzala se lipi meM saundarya nirUpita karake samasta kRti / grantha ko hI eka kalAkRti banA dete haiM / lipi meM vividha prakAra kI kalAtmakatA aura AlaMkArikatA lAkara grantha kI sundaratA ke sAtha mUlya meM bhI vRddhi kI jAtI hai| sone-cAMdI kI syAhI se bhI grantha kA sundaratA meM cAra-cA~da laga jAte haiN| ina kalAtmakatA lAne vAle lipyAsana, lipi aura syAhI-Adi jaise upakaraNoM ke bAda grantha ke mUlyavarddhana meM sarvAdhika mahattva citrakalA ke yogadAna kA hotA hai| granthoM meM citrAMkana kA eka prakAra to kevala sajAvaTa kA hotA hai / vividha jyAmitika prAkRtiyA~, vividha prakAra kI latA-patAe~, vividha prakAra ke phala-phUla aura pazu-pakSI, Adi se pustaka ko lipikAra aura citrakAra sajAte haiN| grantha citrAMkana kA dUsarA prakAra hotA hai / vastu ko, vizeSataH kathA-vastu ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie rekhAoM se banAye hue citra yA rekhA-citra / ___ yaha rekhA-citra Age adhikAdhika kalAtmaka hote jAte haiN| isakI ati hameM vahA~ milatI hai jahA~ grantha citrAdhAra bana jAtA hai aura usakA kAvya mAtra AdhAra banakara raha jAtA hai| utkRSTa kalAkAra kI utkRSTa kalAkRti bana jAtA hai, yaha grantha aura kavi pIche chUTa jAtA hai| aisI kRtiyoM kA mUlya kyA ho sakatA hai / jayapura ke mahArAjA ke nijI pothIkhAne meM eka 'gItagovinda' kI sacitra prati thii| batAyA jAtA hai ki isake pRSTha 10 iMca lambe aura 8 iMca caur3e the| kula 210 citra-yukta pRSTha the| yaha bhI batAyA jAtA hai ki eka amarIkI mahilA ise 6 karor3a rupaye meM kharIdane ko taiyAra thii| isake pratyeka pRSTha para citra the / ye citra vividha raMgoM meM atyanta kalAtmaka the / inhIM ke kAraNa 'gIta govinda' kI isa prati kA mUlya itanA bar3ha gayA thaa| isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki pAMDulipi prathamataH kalAkRti hotI hai| kalAtmaka kAvya ke sAtha sundara lipyAsana, kalAtmaka lipi-lekhana, kalAtmaka pRSTha-sajjA aura kalAtmaka citra-vidhAna se inake apane mUlya ke mAtha pAMDulipi kA bhI mUlya ghaTatAbar3hatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #10
( ix ) isa kalAtmakatA ke sAtha bhI pAMDulipi vijJAna kA hamane isa pustaka meM nirUpita kiyA hai| para mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha pustaka pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI bhUmikA hI ho sakatI hai, isake dvArA pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI nIMva rakhI jA rahI hai| __ pAMDulipi kA rUpa badalatA rahA hai aura badalatA rhegaa| pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI samasta sambhAvanAoM ko dRSTi meM rakha kara apanI bhUmi prastuta karanI hogii| pAMDulipi sAvayava ikAI hai aura pratyeka avayava ghaniSTha rUpa se paraspara sambaddha hai, kintu vikAsa-krama meM inameM se pratyeka meM parivartana kI sambhAvanAe~ haiN| vikAsa-yAtrA meM ikAI ke kisI bhI avayava meM parivartana Ane para pAMDulipi ke rUpa meM bhI parivartana AyegA tadnukUla hI usakI vaijJAnika samIkSA meM bhI aura vijJAna ke dvArA unheM grahaNa karane meM bhii| pAMDulipi ke pratyeka avayava se sambandhita jJAna-vijJAna aura anusaMdhAna kA apanAapanA itihAsa hai| pratyeka ke vikAsa ke apane siddhAnta haiM / ina avayavoM kI alaga sattA bhI hai para ye pAMDulipi-nirmANa meM jaba saMyukta hote haiM to bAhara se bhI prabhAvita hote haiM aura saMyukta samuccaya kI sthiti meM pAMDulipi se bhI prabhAvita hote haiM, unase pAMDulipi bhI prabhAvita hotI hai| yaha saba-kucha prakRta niyamoM se hI hotA hai| hA~, usameM mAnava-pratibhA kA yogadAna bhI kama nahIM hotA / pAMDulipi-vijJAna meM ina sabhI kriyA-pratikriyAoM ko bhI dekhanA hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA kSetra bahuta vizad hai, bahuta vividhatApUrNa hai aura vibhinna jJAna-vijJAnoM para Azrita hai| bhalA mujha jaisA alpa-jJAna vAlA vyakti aise viSaya ke prati kyA nyAya kara sakatA hai ! para pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja meM mujhe kucha ruci rahI hai jo isa bAta se vidita hotI hai ki merA prathama lekha jo kRSNakavi ke "viduraprajAgara" para thA aura "mAdhurI" meM sambhavataH 1924 I0 ke kisI aMka meM prakAzita huA thA, eka pAMDulipi ke AdhAra para likhA gayA thaa| phira zrI mahendra jI (aba svargIya) ne mujhe san 1926 ke lagabhaga se nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, AgarA ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja kA adhikArI niyukta kara diyaa| isase pAMDulipiyoM aura anusaMdhAna meM ruci bar3hanI hI cAhie thii| isI sabhA ke pAMDulipi-vibhAga kA prabandhaka bhI mujhe rahanA pdd'aa| mathurA ke paM0 gopAla prasAda vyAsa (Aja ke labdhapratiSThita hAsyarasa ke mahAkavi, dillI hindI sAhitya sammelana ke pradhAna mantrI tathA padmazrI se vibhUSita evaM hindI hindustAna ke sampAdakIya vibhAga ke yazasvI sadasya) hastalekhoM kI khoja ke khojakartA niyukta kiye gye| vahIM mathurA meM zrI trivedI (aba svargIya) kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI ora se hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja karane Aye / mujhase unheM sneha thA, ve mere pAsa hI tthhre| isa prakAra kucha samaya taka prAyaH pratidina hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja para bAteM hotii| ina sabhI bAtoM se yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki hastalikhita graMthoM aura unakI khoja meM merI ruci bddh'tii| udhara braja-sAhitya-maNDala kI mathurA meM sthApanA huI / usake lie bhI hastalekhoM meM ruci lenI pdd'ii| jaba maiM ka0 mu0 hindI vidyApITha meM thA to vahA~ bhI hastalekhoM kA saMgrahAlaya sthApita kiyA gyaa| yahA~ anusaMdhAna para hone vAlI saMgoSThI meM hastalekhoM ke anusaMdhAna para vaijJAnika carcAe~ karanI aura karAnI pdd'ii| paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI ne vidyApITha kA hasta-lekhAgAra sambhAlA / ve bhI isa viSaya meM niSNa t For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #11
( x ) sUrasAgara ke saMpAdana aura pAThAlocana ke lie eka lie karanA par3A thaa| ina pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja kI the / unase bhI sahAyatA maiMne lI hai| vRhad semInAra kA Ayojana bhI mujhe braja sAhitya maNDala ke sabhI ke pariNAmasvarUpa merI ruci pAMDulipiyoM meM bar3I aura dizA meM bhI kucha kArya kiyA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir para inase merI pAMDulipi - vijJAna kI pustaka likhane kI yogyatA siddha nahIM hotI / ataH yaha merI anadhikAra ceSTA hI mAnI jaaygii| hA~, mujhe isa kArya meM pravRtta hone kA sAhasa isI bhAvanA se huA ki isase eka prabhAva kI pUrti to ho hI sakatI hai| isase isa bAta kI sambhAvanA bhI bar3ha sakegI ki Age koI yathArtha adhikArI isa para aura adhika paripakva aura prAmANika grantha prastuta kara sakegA / jo bhI ho, grAja to yaha pustaka Apako samarpita hai aura isa mAnyatA ke sAtha samarpita hai ki yaha pAMDulipi - vijJAna kI pustaka hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ema0e0, pI-eca0DI0, DI0liT ne mere Agraha para apane anubhava aura adhyayana ke AdhAra para kucha upayogI TippaNiyA~ hastalekhoM para taiyAra karake dIM / inhoMne zatazaH hastalekhoM kA upayoga apane anusaMdhAna meM kiyA hai / kaThina yAtrAe~ karake kaThina vyaktiyoM se pAMDulipiyoM ko prApta kiyA hai aura unakA adhyayana kiyA hai / isI prakAra zrI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA jI ne bhI kucha TippaNiyAM hameM diiN| ye bahuta varSoM taka rAjasthAna prAcya - vidyA-pratiSThAna se sambandhita rahe, vahA~ se sevA-nivRtta hone para jayapura ke siTI pailesa ke 'pauthIkhAne' aura saMgrahAlaya meM hastalikhita granthoM ke vibhAga se sambandhita ho gaye, isa samaya bhI vahIM haiM / inako hastalekhoM kA dIrghakAlIna anubhava hai / aura sone meM sugaMdha kI bAta yaha hai ki prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna meM inheM vidvadvara muni jina vijaya jI (aba svargIya) ke sAtha bhI kAma karane kA acchA avasara milA / hamAre grAgraha para inhoMne bhI hameM isa viSaya para kucha TippaNiyA~ likhakara diiN| inakI isa sAmagrI kA yathAsambhava hamane pUrA upayoga kiyA hai aura use ina vidvAnoM ke nAma se yathAsthAna isa pustaka meM samAyojita kiyA hai / inake isa sahayoga lie maiM apanI hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA hU~ / jahA~ taka mujhe jJAta hai, vahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~ ki "pAMDulipi - vijJAna" para yaha pahalI hI pustaka hai| gujarAtI kI muni puNyavijaya kI likhI pustaka "bhAratIya jaina zramaraNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA" meM pAMDulipi - viSayaka kucha viSayoM para acchI jJAtavya sAmagrI bahuta hI zrama, adhyavasAya aura sUjha-bUjha sAtha saMjoyI gayI hai, para isameM dRSTi sAMskRtika citra upasthita karane kI rahI hai / unakI isa pustaka ko jaina lekhana kalA aura saMskRti viSaya kA laghu vizvakoSa mAnA jA sakata hai / isase bhI hameM bahuta-sI upayogI jJAna-sAmagrI milI hai| muni puNyavijaya jI bhI prasiddha pAMDulipi zodha- karttA haiM aura isa viSaya ke prAmANika vidvAna haiM / unake caraNoM meM maiM apane zraddhA sumana arpita karatA hU~ / kintu isa kSetra meM sabase pahale jisa mahAmanISI kA nAma liyA jAnA cAhie vaha haiN| "bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA" ke yazasvI lekhaka mahAmahopAdhyAya gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA jI hindI ke ananya sevaka aura hindI pratI the / "bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA " jaisI advitIya kRti unhoMne dabAvoM aura pragrahoM ko cintA na karake apane vrata ke anusAra hindI meM hI likhI, aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke lie eka Adarza prastuta kiyaa| unakA yaha grantha to pAMDulipi - vijJAna kA mUlataH zrAdhAra grantha hI hai / maiMne brAhmI lipi kA pahalA pATha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #12
( xi ) unakI isI pustaka se sIkhA thA / maiM to unake divya caraNoM meM zraddhA se pUrNataH samarpita hU~ / ve aura unake grantha to aba bhI preraNA ke akhaMDa srota haiN| unase bhI bahuta kucha isa grantha meM liyA hai / yaha kahane kI zrAvazyakatA nahIM hai ki aise hI aneka hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM ke vidvAnoM ke granthoM se lAbha uThAyA gayA hai aura yathAsthAna unakA nAmollekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| ina sabake samakSa maiM zraddhApUrvaka vinata hU~ / ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke caraNoM meM maiM eka vidyArthI kI bhA~ti namana karatA hU~ aura unake AzIrvAda kI yAcanA karatA hU~ / unake granthoM kI sahAyatA ke binA yaha pustaka nahIM likhI jA sakatI thI aura pAMDulipi - vijJAna kA bIja vapana nahIM ho sakatA thA / isa pustaka kI taiyArI meM sabase adhika sahAyatA mujhe rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI vibhAga ke anusaMdhAna adhikArI pravaktA, DaoN0 rAmaprakAza kulazreSTha se milI hai / unakI sahAyatA ke binA yaha grantha likhA jA sakatA thA, isameM mujhe saMdeha hai / isakA ekaeka pRSTha unakA RNI hai / isa pustaka kA eka choTA-sA itihAsa hai / jaba kendrIya hindI - nidezAlaya aura zabdAvalI prayoga ne sAhitya aura bhASA kI viSaya- nAmikAe~ banAI to unameM mujhe bhI eka sadasya nAmAMkita kiyA gayA / inhIM viSaya-nAmikAo meM jaba yaha nirdhArita kiyA gayA ki kina-kina granthoM kA maulika lekhana karAyA jAya, taba "pAMDulipi - vijJAna" ko bhI usI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gayA / isakA lekhana kArya mujhe sauMpA gayA / jaba maiM rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa hokara thA gayA aura kucha varSa bAda rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI kI sthApanA huI to isa akAdamI ke 'sAhityAlocana' aura 'bhASA' kI viSaya-nAmikA kA eka sadasya kendra kI ora se mujhe bhI banAyA gayA / sAtha hI ukta grantha bhI likhavAne aura prakAzana ke lie rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI ko de diyA gyaa| disambara 73 taka isa viSaya para vizeSa kArya nahIM huA / 74 ke Arambha se kucha kArya prArambha huA / 5 mArca 74 ko grantha akAdamI ke nidezaka pada se nivRtta hokara maiM isa grantha ke likhane meM pUrI taraha pravRtta ho gayA / isI kA pariNAma yaha grantha hai / isa grantha kI racanA meM rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlayoM kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / rAjasthAna - hindI-grantha- prakAdamI ke pustakAlaya kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai / paM0 kRpAzaMkara tivArI jI ke eka lekha ko apanI taraha se isameM maiMne sammilita kara liyA hai | paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI jI ke eka cArTa ko bhI le liyA gayA hai / ina sabakA yathAsthAna ullekha hai / jina viSayoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, unake vizeSajJoM ke granthoM se tadviSayaka vaijJAnika prakriyA batAne yA vizlepaNa - paddhati samajhAne ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI uddhRta kI gayI hai| aura yathAsthAna unakA vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra pratyeka caraNa ko prAmANika banAne kA yatna kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke prati maiM natamastaka hU~ / yadi grantha meM kucha prAmANikatA hai to vaha unhIM ke kAraNa hai / prayatnoM ke kiye jAne para bhI ho sakatA hai ki yaha bhAnumatI kA kunabA hokara raha gayA ho, para mujhe lagatA hai ki isameM pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA sUtra bhI avazya hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #13
( xii ) pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA adhyayana vizvavidyAlaya ke stara ke vidyArthiyoM aura zodhArthiyoM ke lie upayogI hotA hai / pratyeka zodha-saMgoSThI meM pAMDulipi viSayaka carcA kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya hotI hai, para samyaka vaijJAnika jJAna ke abhAva meM satahI hI raha jAtI hai| itihAsa, sAhitya, samAja-zAstra, rAjanIti-zAstra, Adi kitane hI aise viSaya haiM jinameM kisI na kisI dRSTi se pAMDulipiyoM kA upayoga karanA par3a jAtA hai| sAhitya ke anusaMdhAnakartA kA kAma to pAMDulipiyoM ke binA cala hI nahIM sktaa| vizvavidyAlayoM meM aba pI-eca0DI0 se pUrva ema0phila0 ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA aura vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isameM pI-eca0 DI0 ke lie paripakva anusaMdhAna kI yogyatA pradAna karAne kI vyavasthA hai / isa upAdhi ke lie pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA adhyayana anivArya honA cAhie, aisA maiM mAnatA hU~, anyathA ema0 phila0 kI upAdhi se vaha lAbha nahIM mila sakegA jo abhISTa hai| anusaMdhAna kI prakriyA kA aise adhyayana meM apanA mahattva hai para anusaMdhAna-prakriyA ke antargata vividha vijJAnoM kI sahAyatA apekSita hotI hai aura yaha pAMDulipi-vijJAna aisA hI eka vijJAna hai / ataH isa pustaka kI AvazyakatA svayaMsiddha hai / / yoM bhI yaha viSaya apane-Apa meM rocaka hai, ataH maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki isakA hindI-jagata meM svAgata kiyA jAyegA / -satyendra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #14
viSaya-sUcI ka-prakAzakIya bhUmikA I-II kha-bhUmikA III-VIII ga-viSaya-sUcI IX-XIII gha-citra-sUcI 1. pAMDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~ 1-18 nAma kI samasyA-1, pAMDulipi-vijJAna kyA hai-2, pAMDulipi-viSayaka vijJAna kI AvazyakatA-8, pAMDulipi-vijJAna evaM anya sahAyaka vijJAna-9, zodha prakriyA vijJAna-10, lipi-vijJAna-11, bhASAvijJAna-11, purAtattva-12, itihAsa-12, jyotiSa-13, sAhityazAstra-13, pustakAlaya vijJAna-14, DiplomaiTiksa-14, pAMDulipivijJAna-15, Adhunika pAMDulipi AgAra-17 / 2. pAMDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA 19-66 racanA-prakriyA meM lekhaka tathA bhautika sAmagrI-19, lekhaka-20, lipikAra-23, paryAyavAcI-24, mahattva-25, lipikAra dvArA pratilipi meM vikRtiyA~-25, uddezya-28, pATha sambandhI bhUloM kA patA lagAnA-29, lekhana-31, lekhana : prAnuSThAnika TonA-31, anya paramparAe~-32, zubhAzubha-33, sAmAnya paramparAe~-33, lekhana dizA-33, paMktibaddhatA-34, milita zabdAvalI-34, virAma cihna-34, pRSTha saMkhyA35, akSarAMkoM kI sUcI-36, saMzodhana-38, cihna-38, chUTe aMza kI pUrti ke cihna-40, anya cihna-41, saMkSipti-cihna-41, aMkalekhana-42, zabdoM se aMka-42. zabda aura saMkhyA : sAhitya-zAstra se-44. vizeSa pakSa : maMgala-pratIka-45, namaskAra-46, AzIrvacana-47, prazasti--47, varjanA-47, upasaMhAra : puSpikA-48, zubhAzubha--48, lekhana-virAma meM zubhAzubha-49, lekhanI : zubhAzubha-49, syAhI-52, prakAra-54, vidhiyA~-56, kucha sAvadhAniyA~-57, vidhi-niSedha-58, raMgIna syAhI59, sunaharI, rUpaharI syAhI-60, citra racanA-raMga-60, sacitra granthoM kA mahattva-62, grantha racanA ke upakaraNa-64, rekhApATI-64, DorA : DorI-64, granthi-64, har3atAla-66, parakAra-66 / 3. pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna 67-128 kSetra evaM prakAra-67, nijI kSetra-67, khojakartA-68, vyavasAyI mAdhyama-69, sAbhiprAya khoja-69, vivaraNa lenA-71, vivaraNa kA svarUpa-72, bAhya-vivaraNa-72, udAharaNa--72, prAMtarika paricaya-80, atirikta pakSa-82, rakha-rakhAva-82, pustaka kA svarUpa--82, pustaka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #15
(xiv ) kA prakAra-83, lipyAsana-83, rUpa-vidhAna-84, paMkti evaM akSara parimANa-84, patroM kI saMkhyA-85, vizeSa-86, alaMkaraNa-86, syAhI kA vivaraNa-87, aMtaraMga-paricaya-87, granthakAra/racayitA kA nAma87, racanA-kAla-88, racanA kA uddezya-88, sthAna, bhASA, bhASA-vaiziSTya, lipi-lipikAra, lipikAra kA paricaya, AzrayadAtA, pratilipi kA svAmitva-88, aMtaraMga paricaya kA aAntarika pakSa-89, prastAvita prArUpa-89, vivaraNa lekhana meM dRSTi-91, lekhA-jokhA-92, kAlAvadhi-92, anukramaNikAeM-95, tAlikAe~-95, vivaraNa meM krama-95, tulanAtmaka adhyayana-96, udAharaNa : kavicanda-96, niSkarSa -114, vivaraNa-prakAra : laghu sUcanA-114, nalina vilocana zarmA kI paddhati-115, udAharaNa : tAlikA-117, saMvarddhanArtha sujhAva-118, upayogI tAlikAe~-118, prAMtarika vivaraNa-vistAra ke rUpa--119, kAlakramAnusAra sUcI-120, tAlikA-rUpa-121, kallevAiTa kI sUcI : rUpa-122, pratilipi kAla kA mahattva-123, nakalI pAMDulipiyA~ 1251 4. pAMDulipiyoM ke prakAra 129-173 prakAra-bheda : anivArya-129, lipyAsana ke prakAra-130, caTTAnIya zilAlekha-131, zilApaTTIya-133, stambhIya-134, dhAtu vastu-137, pAMDulipiyoM ke prakAra-prastara zilAoM para grantha-139, dhAtu patroM para grantha-141, mRNmaya-141, pepIrasa-142, camar3e para lekha-143, tAr3apatrIya-144, bhUrjapatrIya-146, sAMcIpAtIya-146, kAgajIya149, tUlIpAtIya-152, paTIya grantha--152, rezamI kapar3e ke-154, kASThapaTTIya-155, AkAra ke AdhAra para prakAra-157, gaNDI-157, kacchI -157, muSTI-158, saMpuTa phalaka-158, cheda pATI-158, lekhana-zailI se prakAra-158, kuMDalita-158, rUpa vidhAna se prakAra-- 160, tripATa--160, paMcapATa-160, zuDa-160, anya-160, sajAvaTa ke AdhAra para prakAra-160, grantha meM citra-161, sajAvaTI citroM kI pustakeM-162, upayogI citroM vAlI pustakeM-162, bhinna mAdhyama meM likhI pustakeM-163, akSaroM ke AkAra para AdhArita prakAra-163, kucha anya prakAra-163, patroM ke rUpa meM-164, jilda ke rUpa meM-164, potho, pothI, guTakA-166, zilAlekha ke prakAra-inakI chApa lenA169, dhAtu-patra-171, patra : viTThI-patrI-172, kucha adbhuta lekha-172, upasaMhAra--1731 5. lipi-samasyA 174-214 mahattva-174, lipiyA~-174, citra-lipi-175, citra aura dhvani176, vitra-178, bimba evaM rekhA-citra--180, citra-lipi se vikAsa -181, tIna prakAra kI lipiyA~-182, ajJAta lipiyoM ko par3hane ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #16
( xv ) 5 prayAsa-183, bhArata kI lipiyoM ko par3hane kA itihAsa-183, lipi ke anusaMdhAna kI vaijJAnika prakriyA-190, sindhughATI kI lipi-191, zabda mUlaka citralipi (logograph)-191, dhvanivartI zabda-pratIka vAlI lipi-192, zabda cihnoM meM vyAkaraNa sambandhoM ko jAnane kA siddhAnta-192, lipi ke par3hane meM ar3acaneM-197. brAhmI-lipi kI sAmAnya varNamAlA-199, bhArata meM lipi-vicAra- 200, lipiyoM ke varNa-201, videzI lipiyA~-201, prAdezika lipiyA~-201, janajAtiyoM kI lipiyA~-202, sAmpradAyika lipiyA~-202, citra rekhAcitra lipiyA~-202, smaraNopa-kArI lipiyA~-202, ubhArI yA khodI huI lipiyA~-202, zailI-paraka lipiyA~--203, saMkramaNa sthiti dyotaka lipi-203, tvarA lekhana-203, viziSTa zailI-203, hisAba-kitAba viSayaka zailI-203, daivI yA kAlpanika-203, aThAraha lipiyA~-203, mlecchita vikalpa-204, pallavI lipiyA~-205, dAtAsI lipi-206, sahadevI lipi-206, vyAvahArika samasyAe~-206, pAMDulipiyoM kI viziSTa akSarAvalI-207, vivAdAspada varNa-208, bhrAnta varNa-210, pramAda se likhe varNa-210, viziSTa varNa-cihna-212, virAma cihnoM ke lie cAra bAteM-213, upasaMhAra-214 / pAThAlocana 215-245 bhUmikA-215, mUla-pATha ke upayoga-215, lipika kA sarjana-215, pATha kI azuddhi aura lipika-216, zabda-vikAra : kAlpanika-216, zabda-vikAra : yathArtha udAharaNa-216, pramAda kA pariNAma-217, chUTa, bhUla aura pAgama-217, samAnatA ke kAraNa anya akSara : muni puNya-vijayajI kI sUcI-218, lipika ke kAraNa vaMza-vRkSa-219, pAThAlocana kI AvazyakatA-220, prakSepa yA kSepaka-221, kSepaka ke kAraNa-221, chuTa-222, aprAmANika kRtiyA~-222, pAThAlocana meM zabda aura artha kA mahattva- 223, pAMDulipi-vijJAna aura pAThAlocana224, praNAliyA~ -224, vaijJAnika caraNa-225, prakriyA--226, granthasamUha-226, tulanA-226, saMketa pragAlI-227, vartanI sambandhI ulajhaneM-228, vizleSaNa se niSkarSa-232, pratilipikAra praNAlI232, sthAna saMketa praNAlI-232, pATha-sAmya ke samUha kI praNAlI233, patra-saMkhyA praNAlI-233, anya praNAlI-233, pATha-pratiyA - 233, pATha-talanA-234,prAmANika pATha-nidhArA-234, pATha-sambandhoM kA vRkSa-236, bAhya aura aMtaraMga sambhAvanAe~-236, pAThAnusaMdhAna meM bhrAnti aura nivAraNa-237, tatkAlIna rUpa aura artha se puSTi-236, pAThAntara denA-238, prakSepa aura pariziSTa-239, arthanyAsa aura pAThalocana-240, pATha-nirmANa-241, paMcatantra : vaMza-vRkSa-242, ejaraTana kI praNAlI-243, harDana kI sAMkhyikIya paddhati-244, tulanAtmaka-bhASA vaijJAnika paddhati-245, saMkalpanAtmaka paddhati-25 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #17
( xvi ) 7. kAla nirdhAraNa 246-309 bhUmikA--246, kAla-saMketa se samasyA-246, kAla-saMketa ke prakAra246, inase samasyAe~-248, kAla-nirdhAraNa kI do paddhatiyA~-249, kAla-saMketa na rahane para-250, pANinI kI aSThAdhyAyI kA udAharaNa250, aMtaraMga sAkSya kA prAdhAra-251, kAla-saMketoM ke rUpa-252, sAmAnya paddhati-255, kaThinAiyA~-255, arthAntara kI kaThinAI aura pAThAntara kA jhamelA-257, vividha san-saMvat-259, niyamita saMvat259, zaka saMvat--259, zAke zAlivAhane-260, pUrvakAlIna zakasaMvat-260, kuSAraNa saMvat-260, kRta, mAlava tathA vikrama saMvat-260, gupta vaMza tathA vala bhI saMvat-261, harSa saMvat-261, saptarSi saMvat262, kaliyuga saMvat-262, buddha nirvAraNa saMvat-262, bArhaspatya saMvat262, graha parivRtti saMvatsara-264, hijarI san-264, zAhUra san yA sura san yA arabI san-264, phasalI san-265, saMvatoM kA sambandha : tAlikAvaddha-266, nirapekSa kAla-krama-269, saMvat-kAla jAnanA270, saura varSa : saMkrAnti-270, cAndravarSa-271, yoga-271, bhAratIya kAla-gaNanA kI jaTilatA-272, zabdoM meM kAla saMkhyA-273, rAjyArohA savat se kAla-nirdhAraNa : zrI DI. sI. sarakAra ke AdhAra para, vivecanA sahita-275, sAkSya : bAhya aMtaraMga-279, bAhya sAkSya-279, aMtaraMga sAkSya-279, vaijJAnika-280, bAhya sAkSya : vivecana-280, tulasI ke udAharaNa se-280, bahiHsAkSya kI prAmANikatA-284, anuzruti yA janazruti-284, itihAsa evaM aitihAsika ghaTanAe~-285, itihAsa kI sahAyatA meM sAvadhAnI-286, kAla-nirNaya meM jhamele ke kucha kAraNa (padmAvata kA udAharaNa)-288, sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ evaM sAMskRtika ullekha-289, aMtaraMga sAkSya-291, kAgaja : lipyAsana-292, syAhI-293, lipi-293, lekhana-paddhati, alaMkaraNa Adi296, saMketAkSaroM kI kAlAvadhi-296, aMtaraMga pakSa : sUkSma sAkSya293, bhASA-298, vastu-viSayaka sAkSya-299, vaijJAnika pravidhi 300, kavi-nirdhAraNa samasyA-300 / 8. zabda aura artha kI samasyA 310-333 artha kI dRSTi se zabda-bheda-310, zAstra evaM viSaya ke AdhAra para zabda-bheda : tAlikA-311, milita zabda-312, vikRta zabda-312, pATha-vikRtiyoM ke mUla kAraNa-313, vikRta zabdoM ke bheda-316, mAtrAvikAra-316, akSara-vikRta zabda-316, vibhakta akSara-319, yuktAkSaravikRti-320, ghasITAkSara vikRti-321, alaMkaraNa nirbhara vikRti321, navarUpAkSara yukta zabda-322, luptAkSarI zabda-323, AgamAkSarI -323, viparyastAkSarI-323, saMketAkSarI zabda-324, viziSTArthI zabda-324, saMkhyA vAcaka zabda-326, vartanIcyuta zabda-326, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #18
( xvii ) sthAnApanna zabda-326, aparicita zabda-327, kupaThita-329, artha samasyA-330, vyAkaraNa kI upekSA ke pariNAma-332, abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA-3331 rakha-rakhAva 334-361 rakha-rakhAva kI samasyA-334, tADapatra grantha kahA~ surakSita-334, bhUrjapatra grantha kahA~-334, kAgaja ke granthoM kI sthiti-335, granthoM ke vinAza ke kAraNa-335, videzI AkramaNa-335, sAmpradAyika vidveSa336, bhaMDAroM ko bacAne ke upAya--336, 'tuna hvAMGa' meM grantha surakSA kA kAraNa-337, kandarAoM ke grantha-339, jJAna bhaMDAroM ke rakSaNa kI AvazyakatA ke kAraNa-339, bAharI prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa se rakSA341, vhalara kA abhimata-342, rakha-rakhAva kA vijJAna-344, vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva-344, acche rakha-rakhAva ke upAya-345, sAdhana345, pAMDulipiyoM ke zatru-346, thAimala cikitsA-347, kIr3emakor3oM se hAni aura rakSA-347, vASpa cikitsA-348, dImaka-348, pAMDulipiyoM meM vikRtiyA~ aura cikitsA--350, sAmagrI-350, cikitsA-351, anya cikitsAeM-352, ziphana cikitsA-353, TizyU cikitsA-353, paratopacAra-354, bhIgI pAMDulipiyoM kA upacAra-354, kAgaja ko amla rahita karanA-355, amla-nivAraNa355, rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra kI paddhati-356, amoniyA gaisa se upacAra-357, tAr3apatra evaM bhUrjapatra kA upacAra-357, DeksTrAina kI leI-358, maide kI leI-359, camar3e kI jildoM kI surakSA-359, upayogI pustkeN-360| pariziSTa--1 pustakAlaya sUcI 362-374 pariziSTa-2 kAla nirdhAraNa 374-375 pariziSTa-3 grantha-sUcI 375-380 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #19
citra-sUcI citra pRSTha saMkhyA maMgala pratIka [5] pRSTha 45-48 ke lie khaMbhAta ke kalpasUtra kA eka citra pRSTha 61 ke lie caMdAyana kA citra pRSTha 61 ke lie tAr3apatra kI pAMDulipi kA citra pRSTha 61 ke lie sacitra sUra sAgara pRSTha 62 ke lie mainAsata prasaMga kA antima patra pRSTha 65 ke lie 1. caTTAnIya zilAlekha 131 2. roseTA kA zilAlekha 132 3. puSpagiri kA zilAlekha 133 4. kAlakuMDa kA pAli yA vIra stambha 134 5. devagiri kA sato stambha 135 6. mahAkUTa kA dharma stambha 135 7. nAlandA kI mRNmaya muhara 137 8. mohanajodar3o se prApta muhara 137 9. kASThapaTTikA sacitra 156 10. sacitra kuMDalita grantha 11. kuMDalI grantha : rakhane ke piTaka ke sAtha 159 12. rekhAcitra kI prakriyA (citra-1) 176 13. Adima mAnava ke banAye citra : vargAkAra dhar3a yukta (citra-2) 176 14. sindhughATI kI muharoM se citralipi meM manuSya ke vividha rekhAMkana (citra-3) 15. prastara yuga kA jaMgalI baila 178 16. do zailI baddha hiraNa : vuzamaina citra 179 17. baniyAverI guphA meM svAstika pUjA 179 18. sahanartana 180 19. pArohI nartana 180 20. erijonA meM prApta prAcInatama citralipi 180 21. misra kI hirogliphika citralipi 181 22. citralipi 182 23. hastalekhoM kI varNamAlA, mAtrAe~ evaM aMka 200 24. dadarevA kA zilAlekha 254 25. tunahnAMga kI bauddha guphAoM kA citra 338 156 176 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra adhyAya 1 pANDulipi - vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~ nAma kI samasyA tAmrapatra tathA anya dhAtu isa vijJAna kA sambandha manuSya dvArA lipibaddha kI gaI sAmagrI se hai| manuSya ne kitanI hI sahasrAbdiyoM pUrva lekhana kalA kA AviSkAra kiyA thaa| taba se aba taka lipibaddha sAmagrI aneka rUpoM meM milatI hai / zrataH yahA~ lekhana se bhI kaI grartha grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| Adhunika yuga meM jisa taraha se hAtha se, lekhanI ke dvArA kAgaja para likhA jAtA hai| usI prakAra manuSya kI sabhyatA ke prArambha aura vikAsa kI avasthAoM meM yaha lekhanakriyA IMTa para pattharoM para, zilAlekhoM ke rUpa meM yA TaMkaraNa dvArA kI jAtI rahI / moma-pATI para yA camar3e para bhI likhA gayA / tAr3apatra para nukIlI lekhanI se godana dvArA yaha kArya kiyA gayA aura kapar3oM para chApoM dvArA, bhojapatra para lekhanI ke dvArA, patroM para TaMkaraNa dvArA yA DhAlakara yA chApoM dvArA apane vicAroM ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai / taH isa vijJAna ko ina sabhI prakAra ke lekhoM kA apanI sAmagrI ke rUpa meM upayoga karanA hogA / ina sabhI ko hama lekha to AsAnI se kaha sakate haiM kyoMki vividha rUpoM meM lipibaddha hone para bhI likhane kA bhAva inake sAtha banA huA hai| muhAvaroM meM bhI TaMkaraNa dvArA lekhana, godana dvArA lekhana, Adi prayoga prAte haiM / itihAsakAroM ne bhI apane anusaMdhAnoM meM inako abhilekha, zilAlekha, tAmrapatra lekha Adi kA nAma diyA hai| inheM jo lekha bhI mile haiN| unheM, vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne dhArmika lekha, 'prazaMsAmaya-abhilekha, smAraka - lekha, prAjJApatra evaM dAna-patra' ke rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA batAyA hai / mudrAoM para bhI abhilekha aMkita mAne jAte haiM / ina abhilekhoM se Age pustaka lekhana prAtA hai to isakA eka alaga varga bana jAtA hai / vastutaH yahI varga saMkucita artha meM isa pANDulipi - vijJAna kA yathArtha kSetra hai / aMgrejI meM inheM 'mainyustripTsa' kahate haiM / 'mainyuskripTa' zabda ko hastalekha nAma bhI diyA jAtA hai| aura pANDulipi bhI / rUr3ha artha meM pANDulipi kA upayoga hAtha kI likhI pustaka ke usa rUpa ko diyA jAne lagA hai jo presa meM mudrita hone ke lie dene kI dRSTi se antima rUpa se taiyAra ho / phira bhI, isakA nizcita artha vahI hai jo hastalekha kA ho sakatA hai / hastalekha kA artha pANDulipi se adhika vistRta mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki usameM zilAlekha tathA tAmrapatra prAdi kA bhI samAveza mAnA jAtA hai kintu pANDulipi kA saMbaMdha grantha se hI hotA hai / Aja mainyuskripTa ke paryAya ke rUpa 'hastalekha' aura 'pANDulipi' donoM Ajakala hastalikhita granthoM ko hastalekha ko kahA jAtA thA paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI ne pAMDulipi ke sambandha meM yaha likhA hai ki pAMDulipiyoM kahA jAne lagA hai| kintu prAcIna kAla meM pAMDulipi usa . jisake prArUpa (masavidA) ko pahale lakar3I ke paTTe yA jamIna para khar3iyA (pAMDa) (cAka) se likhA : jAtA thA phira use zuddha karake anyatra utAra liyA jAtA thA aura usI ko pakkA kara diyA jAtA thA / hindI meM yaha artha viparyaya agrejI ke kAraNa huA hai / aMgra ejI meM kisI bhI prakAra ke hastalekha ko 'maigyuskripTa' kahate haiM / - [bhAratIya sAhitya, janavarI, 1656, pR0 120 ] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #21
2 pANDulipi-vijJAna hI prayukta hote haiN| hastalekha se hastarekhAnoM kA bhrama ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se 'mainyuskripTa' ke lie pANDulipi zabda kucha adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai isalie hamane isI zabda ko mAnyatA dI hai| aMgrejI ke vizvakoSoM meM 'mainyuskripTa' kA kSetra kAphI vizada mAnA gayA hai / / phalataH Aja 'mainyuskripTa' yA 'pAMDulipi' kA yahI vistRta artha liyA jAtA hai / yahI artha isa grantha meM bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / pAMDulipi vijJAna kyA hai ? ___ manuSya apanI Adima avasthA ke vanya-svarUpa ko pAra karake itihAsa aura saMskRti kA nirmANa karatA huA, lAkhoM varSoM kI jIvana-yAtrA sampanna kara cukA hai| vaha apanI isa yAtrA meM caraNa-cihna chor3atA AyA hai| ina cihnoM meM se kucha Adima avasthA meM guphApoM meM nivAsa ke smAraka guhA-citra haiM jo 30,00,00 varSa I. pU. se milate haiM / ina cihnoM meM inake atirikta bhavanoM ke khaMDahara haiM, vizAla samAdhiyA~ haiM, devasthAna haiM; anya upakaraNa jaise bartana, mRdbhAMDa, mudrAeM, evaM mRNmUrtiyA~ haiM, IMTeM haiM, tathA astra-zastra haiN| inake sAtha hI sAtha zilAlekha haiM, tAmrapaTTa haiM, bhitticitra haiN| ina sabake dvArA aura saba meM 1. nyU yUnivarsala ainasAiklopIDiyA bhAga 10 meM batAyA gayA hai ki mainyuskripTa maiTina ke [Manu Scriptus] manu-+-skripTsa se utpanna hai| isakA artha hotA hai hAtha kI likhAvaTa / vizada artha meM koI bhI aisA lekha jo chapA huA nahIM hai isake antargata aayegaa| sakucita artha meM chapAI kA prayatna hone se pUrva jo sAmagrI pepIrasa, pArcameNTa athavA kAgaja para likhI gaI vahI 'mainyu skripTa' kahI gaI / enasAiklopIDiyA amerikAnA ke anusAra chApekhAne kI chapAI Arambha hone se pUrva kA samasta sAhitya 'mainyuskripTa' ke rUpa meM hI thaa| isake anusAra vaha samasta sAmagrI 'mainyuskripTa' kahI jAyegI jo kisI bhI rUpa meM likhI gaI ho, cAhe vaha kAgaja para likhI ho athavA kisI anya vastu para, jaise dhAtu, patthara, lakar3I, miTTI, kapar3e, vRkSa kI chAla, vRkSa ke patta, athavA camar3e para / in Archae logy a manuscript is any early writing on stone, metal, wood, clay, linen, bark and leaves of tress and prepared skins of animals, such as goats, sheep and calves. -The American People's Encyclopaedia. (p. 175). vidvAnoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki khoja meM jo sAmagrI aba taka milI hai usake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki pahale lekhana-kArya Adima mAnavoM kI citrakalA kI bhA~ti gaphAoM kI bhittiyoM para yA zilAzrayoM kI bhittiyoM para huA hogaa| taba pattharoM yA DhokoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hogaa| tadanantara miTI (Clay) kI IToM pr| iMToM ke bAda pepIrasa kA AviSkAra haA hogA / pepIrasa ke kharar3oM [Rolls] para grantha rahatA thaa| isI ke sAtha-sAtha likhane, miTAne aura phira likhane kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se lakar3I kI pATI yA paTTI kAma meM lI jAne lgii| pazcima meM moma kI pATI kA upayoga milatA hai| Age ke vikAsa meM yaha moma pATI AvaraNa paTala kA rUpa lene lgii| 'pepIrasa' ke rolsa yA kharIte balacitAeM yA kuNDaliyAM bahuta lambe hote the| ye asuvidhAjanaka lage to inheM duharA tiharA kara pRSTha yA panne kA rUpa diyA gayA aura momapATI ke AvaraNa paTala ina pRSThoM ke rakSaka bana gaye / ye Upara aura nIce ke donoM paTala eka ora tAra se gUthe jAte the| bAda meM lipyAsana ke lie pepIrasa ke sthAna para pArcameNTa [carmapatna] kAma meM Ane lagA to pArcameNTa yA carma-patra grantha ke pRSThoM kI bhAMti aura momapATI yA lakar3I kI paTTiyAM AvaraNa paTala kI bhAMti upayoga meM Ane lage / inako koDaiksa [Codex] kahA jAtA hai| Adhunika jilda-banda granthoM ke pUrvaja ye 'kauDaksa' hI haiM / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pArcameNTa [carmapatra kA upayoga nipyAsana ke lie prathama I0 zatI se hone lagA thaa| inakA koDeksI rUpa meM pracAra IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se vizeSa rUpa se haa| ye sabhI pAMDalipi ke bheda haiM, jinheM vikAsa-krama se yahAM batAyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #22
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~ /3 se usa prAgaitihAsika manuSya kA rUpa aitihAsika kAla kI bhUmikA meM ubharatA hai, jo pragati patha kI ora calatA hI jA rahA hai| usake saMgharSa ke avazeSa itihAsa ke kAla-krama meM dabe mila jAte haiM / unase manuSya kI saMvarSa kathA kA bAhya sAkSya milatA hai / ina bAhya sAkSiyoM ke pramANa se hama usake aMtaraMga taka pahuMcane kA prayatna karate haiN| pratyeka aise Adima upAdAnoM ke sAtha sahasrAbdiyoM kA mAnavIya itihAsa jur3A huA hai| ina avazeSoM ke mAdhyama se itihAsakAra una prAcIna sahasrAbdiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kalpanA ke sahAre karatA hai| unhIM ke AdhAra para vaha prAcIna mAnava ke mana evaM mastiSka, vicAroM aura prAsthAnoM ke sUtra taiyAra karatA hai| udAharaNArtha-alTAmIrA kI guphAoM meM dUra bhItara a~dhere meM kucha citra bane mile / manuSya ne abhI bhavana yA jhopar3I banAnA nahIM sIkhA, ataH vaha prAkRtika pahAr3iyoM yA guphAoM meM zaraNa letA thA / guphAoM meM bhItara kI ora usane eka a~dherA sthAna cunA yAnI usane nibhRta sthAna, ekAnta sthAna cunA kyoMki vaha cAhatA thA ki vahA~ vaha jo kucha karanA cAhe, vaha sabakI dRSTi meM na Ave / usakA vaha sthAna aisA hai, ki jahA~ usake anya sAthI bhI yoM hI nahIM pA sakate / spaSTa hai ki vaha yahA~ para koI guhya kRtya karanA cAhatA thaa| citra-yahA~ usane citra banAye / avazya hI vaha isa samaya taka kRtrima prakAza utpanna karanA jAna gayA thA, usI prakAza meM vaha citra banA sakA, anyathA vaha citra na banA pAtA / sAtha hI guhya sthAna para jo citra usane banAye ve citra soddezya haiM / isakA uddezya TaunA ho sakatA hai / vaha Tone meM avazya vizvAsa karatA thaa| usI Tone ke lie tathA tadviSayaka anuSThAnoM ke lie ekAnta andhakAra pUrNa guhya aMza usa guphA meM usane cunA, aura vahA~ ve citra banAye 12 ina citroM ke mAdhyama se Tone ke dvArA apanA abhISTa prApta karanA cAhatA thaa| prAgaitihAsika kAla ke loga Tone meM vizvAsa karate the| unake lie TonA dharma kA hI eka rUpa thA aisA kucha hama guhA aura unake citroM ko dekhakara kaha sakate haiN| kintu yathArtha yaha hai ki yaha jo kucha kahA gayA hai usase bhI aura adhika kahA jA sakatA thA-para yaha saba kucha bAhya sAkSya se mAnasa ke aMtaraMga taka pahu~cAne ke upakrama meM kalpanA ke upayoga se sambhava hotA / udAharaNArtha--sAmane citra hai / purAtatvavid use dekha rahA hai| citra, usakI bhUmi, usakA sthAna-sthAna kA svarUpa aura sthiti, vahA~ upalabdha kucha upAdAna, guphAoM kA kAla-ye saba purAtatvavid kI kalpanA dRSTi ke lie eka 2 Much research in this field has been done in recent yea s, and we now have a fairly definite knowledge of the Art of some of the most-primitive of men known to the anthropologist (from 30,000 to 10,000 B C.)......but the famous cave drawings of animals at Altamira in Spain are the most important. -The Meaning of Art, p. 53. There is evidence to show that painting have been often repainted, and that the places where they are found were in some way regarded as sacred by the Bushmen -The Meaning of Art, p. 54. "By the symbolical representation of an event , primitive man thinks he can secure the actual occurence of that event. The desire for progeny, for the death of an enemy, for servival after death, or for the exorcism or propitiation of adequate symbol. (yahI TonA hai|) -Read, Herbert : The Meaning of Art, p. 57. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #23
4/pANDulipi-vijJAna bhASA haiM jinase vaha Adima yuga ke manuSya ke mAnasa ko par3hakara nirUpita kara pAtA hai / ..sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke vikAsa meM yaha Adima manuSya aise mor3a para paha~cAtA hai ki vaha eka aura to citra se lipi kI dizA meM bar3hatA hai, dUsarI ora 'bhASA' kA vikAsa kara letA hai / taba vaha apane vicAroM ko isa prakAra likha sakatA hai ki par3hane vAlA jaise svayaM likhane vAle ke samakSa khar3A hokara lipi kI lakIroM se lekhaka ke mAnama kA sAkSAtkAra kara rahA ho| aba sAmAnyataH apanI kalpanA se use lekhaka ke mAnasa kA nirmANa nahIM karanA, jaise guphA-nivAsI ke mAnasa kA kiyA gayA; vaha mAnasa to lekha se lekhaka ne hI khar3A kara diyA hai| isa lekhana ke aneka rUpa ho sakate haiM, aneka lipiyA~ ho sakatI haiM, aneka bhASAe~ ho sakatI haiN| para sabameM manuSya kA mAnasa-vyApAra, usake bhAva-vicAra, usane jo dekhA-samajhA usakA vivaraNa hotA hai| vastutaH lekha meM hI manuSya, kA sAkSAt mAnasa pratibiMbita milatA hai| ye sabhI, citra se lekara lipi-lekhana saka, pAMDulipi ke antargata mAne jA sakate haiN| 'lekhana' eka jaTila vyApAra hai| isameM eka tattva to lekhaka hai. jisake antargata usakA vyaktitva, usakA manovijJAna aura abhivyakti ke lie usakA utsAha, abhiprAya aura prayatna-zarIra, hRdaya aura mastiSka-ina sabase banI eka ikAI-sabhI sammilita haiM; usake anya tattva lekhanI, likhane ke lie paTa yA kAgaja, syAhI prAdi haiM / inameM se pratyeka kA apanA itihAsa hai, sabake nirmANa kI kalA hai, aura sabako samajhane kA eka vijJAna bhI hai| lipika apanA alaga mahattva rakhatA hai| lekhaka jaba grantha-racanA karatA hai, taba vaha apanA lipika bhI hotA hai kyoMki vaha svayaM likhakara grantha prastuta karatA hai / lekhaka ke apane hAtha meM likhe grantha kA apane Apa meM aitihAsika mahattva hai| grantha-racayitA kitanA hI vidvAna aura paMDita ho, jaba grantha racanA karatA hai, apane vicAroM aura viSayoM ko lipibaddha karatA hai to kitanI hI samasyAoM ko janma detA hai| ye prAyaH ve hI samasyAe~ hotI haiM, jo sAmAnya lipikAra paidA karatA jAtA hai| aura aimI aneka prakAra kI samasyAoM ke lie pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI apekSA hai| hamane yaha dekhA ki pAMDulipi se sambandhita kaI pakSa hamAre sAmane Ate haiM / eka pakSa grantha ke lekhana aura racanA viSayaka ho sakatA hai| yaha grantha-lekhana kI kalA kA viSaya bana sakatA hai / dUsarA pakSa, usakI lipi se sambandhita ho sakatA hai, yaha 'lipi vijJAna' kA viSaya hai / 'lipikAra' sambandhI pakSa bhI kama mahattva kA nhiiN| tIsarA pakSa, bhASA-viSayaka hai jo bhASA-vijJAna aura vyAkaraNa ke kSetra kI vastu hai| cauthA pakSa, usa grantha meM kI gaI carcA ke sambandha meM ho sakatA hai, usameM jJAna-vijJAna kI carcA ho sakatI hai, vaha kAvya grantha bhI ho sakatA hai| ye sabhI pakSa sAhityAlocana yA vividha jJAna-vijJAna aura kAvya zAstra se sambandhita haiM / yaha pakSa 'zabda-artha' kA hI eka pakSa hai / ye grantha citrayukta bhI ho sakate haiN| citra kA viSaya citrakalA ke kSetra meM jaayegaa| grantha jisa para likhA gayA hai usa vastu (camar3A, ITa, chAla, pattA, kapar3A, Adi) kA eka alaga pakSa hai, phira use kisa prakAra pustakAkAra banAyA jAtA hai yaha alaga vijJAna hai / syAhI evaM lekhanI kA nirmANa eka pRthak adhyayana kA viSaya hai| grantha ina sabhI se milakara taiyAra hotA hai aura ye sabhI pakSa isase ba~dha jAte haiM / isake bAda granthoM kI pratilipi kA pakSa AtA hai| kisI prAcIna grantha kI anekAneka pratiyA~ lambe aitihAsika kAla meM bikharI huI aura vistRta For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #24
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI siimaaeN|5 bhu-bhAga meM phailI huI milatI haiM / pratilipi kI apanI kalA hai| isa pakSa kA apanA mahattva hai / ina prAcIna pratiyoM ko lekara unake prAdhAra para grantha kA sampAdana karanA tathA eka grAdarza pATha prastuta karanA eka alaga pakSa hai / isakA eka alaga hI pAThAlocana-vijJAna astitva meM pA cukA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki eka pAMDulipi meM kitanI hI bAteM hotI haiM aura uname se aneka kA eka alaga vijJAna hai para unameM se koI bhI alaga-alaga pAMDulipi nahIM hai, na lipi mAtra pAMDulipi hai aura na usameM likhI bhASA aura aMka, na citra, na syAhI aura na kAgaja, na zabdArtha, na usameM likhA humA jJAna-vijJAna kA viSaya, ---pAMDulipi ina sabase milakara banatI hai, sAtha hI ina sabase bhinna hai / lekina ina sabake jJAna-vijJAna se pAMDulipi ke vijJAna ko bhI hRdayaMgama karane meM mahAyatA mila sakatI hai| usake jJAna ke lie ye vijJAna sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| pAMDulipi vijJAna kI dRSTi se jisa para sabase pahale dRSTi jAtI hai vaha to ina sabake pArasparika niyojana kI bAta hai| una sabakA niyojanakartA eka vyakti avazya hotA hai / vaha svayaM usa pAMDulipi kA katA ho sakatA hai ataeva vidvAna aura paNDita / kintu vaha mAtra eka lipika bhI ho sakatA hai jo usakI pratilipi prastuta kare / mUla pAMDulipi bhI pAMDulipi hai aura usakI pratilipi bhI pAMDulipi hai / isa prakAra eka vyakti dvArA pAMDulipi ke vibhinna tattvoM ke niyojana mAtra se hI vaha vyakti pAMDulipi ko pUrNatA pradAna karane meM samartha nahIM hai / kyoMki usake jo upAdAna haiM una para lekhaka tathA lipikartA kA vaza nahIM hotA / ume kAgaja dUsare se taiyAra kiyA huA lenA hotA hai, vaha kAgaja svayaM nahIM banAtA / yadi aneka prakAra ke kAgaja hoM to vaha cayana kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra lekhanI tathA kAma para bhI usakA adhikAra nahIM / vaha prAkRtika upAdAnoM se lekhanI taiyAra karatA hai aura jaisI bhI lekhanI use milatI hai usakA vaha apanI dRSTi se nikRSTa aura utkRSTa upayoga kara sakatA hai / syAhI bhI vaha banI banAI letA hai aura yadi banAtA bhI hai to jina padArthoM se syAhI banAyI jAtI hai, ve sabhI prakRtidatta padArtha hote haiM jinakA vaha svayaM utpAdana nahIM krtaa| phira jaba vaha likhanA prArambha karatA hai to varNa, zabda aura bhASA use saMskAra, zikSA tathA abhyAsa se milate haiM / lipi ke akSaroM ke nirmANa meM usakA koI hAtha nahIM hotA kiMtu pratyeka akSara ke nirdhArita rUpa ko likhane meM vaha apane abhyAsa kA aura ruci kA bhI phala prastuta karatA hai isame vargoM ke rUpa-vinyAsa meM kucha antara pA sakatA hai / kintu ina sabhI vastuoM kA niyojana vaha eka vidhi se hI karatA hai aura isa vidhi kI parIkSA hI pAMDalipi-vijJAna kA mukhya lakSya hai| pAMDalipi kA viSaya kyA hai, yaha pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke adhyetA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva kI bAta nahIM hai / isakA use itanA hI paricita hone kI AvazyakatA hai jitane se vaha pAMDulipi ke viSaya kI koTi nirdhArita kara ske| kintu yaha usake lie avazya Avazyaka hai ki pAMDulipi ke sambandha meM jo prazna uThe unakA vaha prAmANika samAdhAna prastuta kara sake / ataH jina viSayoM para pAMDulipivettA se prazna kiye jA sakate haiM ve sambhavataH isa prakAra ke ho sakate haiM :--- (1) pAMDulipi kI khoja aura prkriyaa| pAMDulipi kA kSetrIya anusaMdhAna bhI isI ke antargata aayegaa| (2) bhaugolika aura aitihAsika praNAlI se pAMDulipiyAM ke prApta hone ke sthAnoM kA nirdeza / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #25
6 pANDulipi-vijJAna (3) pAMDulipiyoM ke milane ke sthAna ke samasta pariveza se prApta pAMDulipi kA sambandha nirUpaNa / (4) pAMDulipiyoM ke vividha pAThoM ke saMkalana ke kSetroM kA anumAnita nirdeza / (5) pAMDulipi ke kAla-nirNaya kI vividha paddhatiyA~ / (6) pAMDulipi ke kAgaja, syAhI, lekhanI Adi kA pAMDulipi ke mAdhyama se jJAna aura pratyeka kAla-jJAna ke anusaMdhAna kI paddhati / (7) pAMDulipi kI lipi kA vijJAna tathA aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi / (8) pAMDulipi ke viSaya kI dRSTi se usakI nirUpaNa zailI kA svarUpa / (9) pAMDulipi ke vividha prakAroM kA aitihAsika pariprekSya tathA una prakAroM kA bhaugolika sImA-nirdeza / (10) pAMDulipi kI pratilipiyoM ke prasAra kA mArga tathA kSetra / (11) pAMDulipiyoM ke mAdhyama se lipi ke vikAsa kA itihAsa / (12) lipikAroM ke nijI vyaktitva kA pariNAma / (13) lipiyoM meM vaiziSTya aura una vaiziSTyoM kI bhaugolika tathA aitihAsika vyAkhyA / (14) pAMDulipiyoM kI prAmANikatA kI parIkSA / (15) pAThAlocana-praNAlI / (16) pATha-punarnirmANa-praNAlI / (17) zabda rUpa aura artha tathA pATha / (18) pAMDulipiyoM kI surakSA kI vaijJAnika paddhatiyA~ / (19) pAMDulipiyoM ke saMgrahAlaya aura unake nirmANa kA prakAra / (20) pAMDulipiyoM ke upayoga kA vijJAna / (21) pAMDulipi aura alaMkaraNa / (22) pAMDulipi meM citra / (23) pAMDulipi kI bhASA kA nirNaya / (24) pAMDulipi-lekhaka, pratilipikAra, citrakAra aura sajjAkAra / (25) pAMDulipi, pratilipi lekhana ke sthAna, tathA prApta suvidhAe~, pratilipikAra kI yogytaaeN| (26) grantha-lekhana tathA pratilipi-lekhana ke zubha-azubha muhUrta / (27) pAMDulipi ke lipyaMkana meM haratAla prayoga, kAvya prayoga, saMzodhana-parivarddhana ko paddhatiyA~ / pAMDulipi vijJAna isalie bhI vijJAna hai ki vaha pAMDulipi kA adhyayana kisI eka viziSTa pAMDulipi ko dRSTi meM rakhakara nahIM karatA varan pAMDulipi ke sAmAnya rUpa ko hI letA hai / pAMDulipi zabda se koI vizeSa pustaka sAmane nahIM AtI / pratyeka prakAra kI pAMDulipiyoM meM kucha sAmAnya lakSaNa aise hote haiM ki unase yukta sabhI prantha pAMDulipi kahe jAte haiN| pAMDulipi zabda ke antargata samagra pAMDulipiyA~ sAmAnya rUpa meM abhihita hotI hai jo likhI gaI haiM, likhI jA rahI haiM, yA likhI jaaeNgii| yaha vijJAna una sabhI ko dRSTi meM rakhakara vicAra karatA hai| isI dRSTi se pAMDulipi-gata sAmAnya viSayoM kA pAMDulipi-vijJAna vizleSaNa karatA hai aura vizleSita pratyeka aMga para vaijJAnika dRSTi se kArya-kAraNa paramparA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #26
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAeM/7 meM bAMdhakara saiddhAntika vicAra karatA hai / inake AdhAra para vaha aise niSkarSa prastuta karatA hai jinase tatsambandhI vibhinna praznoM aura samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAMDulipi-vijJAna pAMDulipi se sambandhita tInAM pakSoM se sambandhita hotA hai, ye pakSa haiM : lekhana pakSa, pAMDulipi kA prastutIkaraNa pakSa, jisameM sabhI prakAra kI pAMDulipiyA~ parigaNanIya haiM aura tIsarA sampreSaNa pakSa, jisameM pAThaka varga sammilita hotA hai, pAMDulipi lekhaka aura pAThaka ina donoM pakSoM ke lie setu yA mAdhyama hai / ataeva pAMDulipi ke apane pakSa ke sAtha pAMDulipi-vijJAna ina donoM pakSoM kA pAMDulipi ke mAdhyama se usa aMza kA jisa aMza ke kAraNa pAMDulipi hastalekha meM grAtI hai vaijJAnika paddhati se adhyayana karatA hai / yaha vijJAna pAMDulipi ke samagra rUpa ke nirmANa meM ina donoM pakSoM ke yogadAna kA bhI mUlyAMkana karatA hai| grantha racanA kI prakriyA meM mUla abhiprAya hai lekhaka kA yaha prayatna ki vaha pAThaka taka pahuMca sake aura Aja ke pAThaka taka hI nahIM dIrghAti-dIrghakAlIna bhaviSya ke pAThakoM taka pahuMca sake / 'lekhana' kriyA kA janma hI apanI abhivyakti ko bhAvI yugoM taka surakSita rakhane ke lie huyA hai| phalataH lekhana ke pariNAmasvarUpa prApta anya yA pAMDulipi lekhaka ke vicAroM ko surakSita rakha kara use pAThaka taka pahu~cAte haiM / isa prakAra pAMDulipi eka setu yA upAdAna hai jo kAla kI sImAoM ko lA~gha kara bhI lekhaka ko pAThaka se jor3atA hai / pAThaka bhI inhIM ke mAdhyama se lekhaka ke pAsa pahu~ca sakatA hai / ise yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai : bhASA-lipi AA pANDulipi lipi bhAvA kazya. bhASA-lipi lekhaka-kazya / pAThaka bhASAnidhi bhASA lipi bhAvAlA lekhaka kA kathya bhASA meM rUpAntarita hokara lipibaddha hokara lekhanI se lipyAsana para aMkita hokara pAMDulipi kA rUpa grahaNa kara pAThaka ke pAsa pahu~catA hai / aba pAThaka grantha ke lipyAsana yA lipibaddha bhASA ke mAdhyama se lekhaka ke kathya taka pahu~catA hai / lekhaka aura pAThaka meM kAla gata aura dezagata antara hai, aura yaha antara grantha ke dvArA zUnya ho jAtA hai, tabhI to Aja hajAroM varSa pUrva ke kAla ko lAMghakara deza kAla ke antarAla ko miTAkara hama lekhaka se mila sakate haiN| phira bhI, lekhaka se pAThaka taka yA pAThaka se lekhaka taka kI isa yAtrA meM samasyAeM khar3I hotI haiM / unake samAdhAna kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana pAMDulipi hai / isI mahattvapUrNa sAdhana taka pahu~cane kI dRSTi se pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI upAdeyatA siddha hotI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #27
6/pANDulipi-vijJAna pANDulipi viSayaka vijJAna ko AvazyakatA - yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai aura uThAyA bhI jA sakatA hai ki pAMDulipiyoM kA 'astitva' itanA purAnA hai jitanA ki lipi yA lambana kA AviSkAra, kintu Aja pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA? yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai isameM saMdeha nahIM / isake uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra AviSkAra kI jananI AvazyakatA hai usI prakAra vijJAna kI jananI bhI kisI prakAra kI zrAvazyakatA hI hai / isa vijJAna kI aAvazyakatA tava hI anubhava kI gaI jabaki vaijJAnika raSTri kI pramukha tA ho gaI / jima yuga meM vaijJAnika dRSTi pramukha hone lagatI hai usa yuga meM bhaka bAta ko vaijJAnika paddhati se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai / isI prayatna ke phalasvasapa naye-naye vijJAnoM kA janma hotA hai| yaha vaijJAnika dRSTi uma viSaya para pahale paDatI hai jo ki vividha paristhitiyoM ke phalasvarUpa adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai / jaise bhASA ko loga sahasrAbdiyoM se upayoga meM lAte rahe aura use eka vyavasthita pragAlI se samajhane ke sthUla prayatna bhI prArambha se hote rahe kintu vijJAna kA rUpa usane usa samaya grahaNa kiyA jabaki eka ora to audyogika krAnti ke pariNAmasvarUpa naye nirmANa aura naye anusaMdhAnoM kI pravRtti ne vijJAna ko pramukha AkarSagA banA diyaa| dUsare, upanivezavAda aura vANijya-vistAra ke kAraNa deza-videzoM kI vividha prakAra kI bhASAe~ mAmane AyIM / unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA bhI prAvazyaka ho gayA, aura isako taba aura bhI protsAhana milA jabaki saMskRta bhASA aura sAhitya pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke sammukha praayaa| ina mabane milakara tulanAtmaka rUpa se bhASAoM ko samajhane ke sAtha-sAtha bhASAoM ke vaijJAnika dRSTi se adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA prastuta kara dii| taba se bhASA kA vijJAna nirantara pragati karatA hayA Aja bhASikI yA liMgvisTiksa (Linguistics) ke naye rUpa meM eka prakAra se pUrNa. vijJAna bana cukA hai / isI prakAra pAThAlocana kI jaba AvazyakatA pratIta huI aura vividha granthoM kA pAThAlocana prastuta karanA par3A to usake bhI vijJAna kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI / phalataH aAja pAThAlocana kA bhI eka vijJAna bana gayA hai / yaha pahale sAhitya ke kSetra meM kavitA ke zuddha rUpa taka pahuMcane ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM pAyA phira yaha bhASA vijJAna kI eka prazAkhA ke rUpa meM pallavita huA / aba yaha eka svatantra vijJAna hai / yahI sthiti pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI hai / aAja bhArata meM aneka prAcIna hastalekha evaM pAMDulipiyA~ upalabdha ho rahI haiM / zatazaH hastalekha bhaNDAra, nijI bhI aura saMsthAnoM ke bhI, idhara kucha varSoM meM udghATita hue haiM / ataH pAMDulipiyA~ bhI yaha apekSA karane lagI haiM ki unakI samasyAoM ko bhI samagrataH adhyayana karane ke lie vaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA jAya / isa AvazyakatA ko anubhava karate hue abhI kucha varSa pUrva bhAratavarSa meM saMskRta-sAhitya-sammelana ne pAMDulipivijJAna kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI aura eka prastAva pArita kiyA ki vizvavidyAlayoM meM pAMDulipivijJAna bhI adhyayana kA eka viSaya honA cAhie / ataH Aja pAMDulipi vijJAna kI upAdeyatA siddha ho cukI hai / isakA mahattva bhI kama nahIM hai kyoMki zAyada hI koI vizvavidyAlaya aisA ho ki jisameM pAMDulipiyoM kA saMgraha na ho / naI paribhASA meM sarakArI kAryAlayoM aura saMsthAoM evaM saMsthAnoM ke kAgaja patra bhI pAMDulipi haiM / inake bhaNDAra dinadina mahattvapUrNa hote jA rahe haiM / jaisAki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki deza bhara meM purAne aura naye zatazaH hastalekha aura pAMDulipiyoM ke bhaNDAra phaile hue haiM aura bahuta se naye-naye For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #28
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI siimaaeN|9 pAMDulipi bhaNDAra prakAza meM prAte jA rahe haiM / isa kAraNa bhI pAMDulipi-vijJAna Aja mahattvapUrNa ho uThA hai| eka bAta aura haiM, kucha aise vijJAna pahale se vidyamAna haiM jinakA sIdhA sambandha hamAre pAMDulipi-vijJAna se hai-yathA-peliyogrAphI eka vijJAna hai| yaha vaha vijJAna hai jo pepIrasa, pArcameMTa, momIpATI (Postherds), lakar3I yA kAgaja para ke purAtana lekhana ko par3hane kA prayatna karatA hai, tithiyoM kA udghATana karatA hai aura usakA vizleSaNa karatA hai| isake pramukha dhyeya do mAne gaye haiM : pahalA dhyeya hai purAtana hastalekhoM ko par3hanA / yaha batAnA Avazyaka nahIM ki purAtana hastalekhoM kA par3hanA koI prAsAna kArya nahIM hai / vastutaH prAcIna madhyayuga evaM Adhunika yuga kI hAtha kI likhAvaTa ko ThIka-ThIka par3hane ke lie lipivijJAna (peliyogrAphI) kA prazikSaNa Avazyaka hai| isa vijJAna ke adhyayana kA dUsarA dhyeya hai ina hastalipiyoM kA kAla-nirdhAraNa evaM sthAna-nirdhAraNa / isake lie antaH sAkSya aura bahiHsAkSya kA sahArA lenA hotA hai, likhAvaTa evaM usakI zailI Adi kI bhI sahAyatA lenI hotI hai / grantha kA rUpa kaisA hai ? vaha valayitA hai, paTTagrathita pustaka (koDeksa) hai, yA patrArUpa hai ? usakA kAgaja yA lipyAsana, usakI syAhI, lekhanI kA prakAra, usakI jildabandI tathA sAja-sajjA, sabhI kI parIkSA karanI hotI hai, aura unake AdhAra para niSkarSa nikAlane hote haiM / sacitra pAMDulipiyoM ke kAla evaM sthala ke nirdhAraNa meM citra bahuta sahAyaka hote haiM kyoMki unameM sthAna aura kAla ke bheda ke AdhAra bahuta spaSTa rahate haiN| eka vijJAna hai aipiigraaphii| yaha vijJAna prastara-zilAoM yA dhAtuoM para aMkita lekhoM yA abhilekhoM ko par3hatA hai, unakA kAla nirdhArita karatA hai, aura unakA vizleSaNa karatA hai| ___ isI prakAra anya vijJAna bhI haiN| ye sabhI pAMDulipi ke nirmAyaka vividha tattvoM se sambandhita haiM / para ina sabase milakara jo vastu banatI hai aura jise hama 'pAMDulipi' kahate haiM, usa samagra ikAI kA bhI vijJAna Aja apekSita hai / anya vividha vijJAna isa vijJAna ke tattva nirdhAraNa meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiM / para, samasta avayavoM se milakara jaba eka rUpa khar3A hotA hai, taba usakA svayameva eka alaga vaijJAnika astitva hotA hai / usako eka alaga vijJAna ke rUpa meM hameM jAnanA hai / ataH pAMDulipi-vijJAna vaha vijJAna hai jo adhyetA ko pAMDulipi ko pAMDulipi ke rUpa meM samajhane evaM tadviSayaka samasyAoM ke vaijJAnika nirAkaraNa meM sahAyaka siddha hotA hai / pAMDulipi-vijJAna evaM anya sahAyaka vijJAna ___pAMDulipi vijJAna se sambandhita kaI vijJAna haiM / ye isa prakAra haiM : 1. DiplomaiTiksa 2. peliyogrAphI, 3. bhASAvijJAna, 4. jyotiSa, 5. purAtattva, 6. sAhitya zAstra, 7. pustakAlaya vijJAna, 8. itihAsa, 9. khoja, zodha prakriyA vijJAna (Research Methodology) aura 10. pAThAlocana-vijJAna (Textu:1 Criticism). 1. Palaeography, Science of Reading, dating and analyzing ancient writing on papyrus, parchment, waxed teblets, pcstherds, wood or paper. -The Encyclopaedia Americana, Vol. 2,p. 163. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #29
10/ pANDulipi - vijJAna sabase pahale zodha prakriyA vijJAna (Research Methodology) ko le sakate haiM / hastalikhita granthAM athavA pAMDulipiyoM ko prApta karane ke lie isa khoja - vijJAna kA bahuta mahattva hai / binA khoja ke hastalekha prApta nahIM ho skte| yaha khoja - vijJAna hameM hastalekha khoja karane ke siddhAntoM se hI avagata nahIM karatA, vaha hameM kSetra meM kAma karane ke vyAvahArika pakSa ko bhI batAtA hai / pAMDulipi vijJAna ke lie isakI sarvaprathama zrAvazyakatA hai / isI se grantha saMkalana ho sakatA hai / yahI saMkalana hamAre lie AdhAra bhUmi hai / yoM to bhArata meM aura videzoM meM bhI prAcIna kAla se pustakAlaya rahe haiM / prAcIna kAla meM saMpUrNa sAhitya hastalekhoM ke rUpa meM hI hotA thA, ataH prAcIna pustakAlayoM meM adhikAMza hastalekha ra pADulipiyA~ hI haiM / unhIM kI paramparA meM kitane hI dharma - mandiroM meM Aja taka hastalekhoM ke bhaNDAra rakhane kI prathA calI A rahI hai / " isI prakAra rAjA-mahArAjA bhI apane pothIkhAnoM meM vizAla hastalekhoM ke bhaNDAra rakhate the / kintu ina pustakAlayoM ke atirikta bhI bahuta sI aisI hastalikhita sAmagrI hai jo jahA~-tahA~ bikharI par3I hai / usa sAmagrI ko prApta karanA, usakA vivaraNa rakhanA yA anya prakAra se use prakAza meM lAnA bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa kArya hai / pAMDulipi - vijJAnavid kA isa kSetra meM yogadAna atyanta Avazyaka hai / sAmagrI prApta karane kI dizA meM do prakAra se kArya ho sakatA hai :- 1. vyaktigata prayatna evaM 2 saMsthAgata prayatna / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (1) vyaktigata prayatnoM meM karnala TaoNDa, TaissiTerI, DaoN. raghuvIra evaM rAhula sAMkRtyAyana prabhRti kitane hI vidvAnoM ke nAma Ate haiN| TaoNDa ne rAjasthAna se vizeSa rUpa se kitanI hI sAmagrI ekatra kI thI: zilAlekha, sikke, tAmrapatra, grantha Adi kA nijI vizAla bhaNDAra unhoMne banA liyA thA / ve sAdhana sampanna the, aura sAmrAjya-tantra ke adhikAra sampanna aMga / iTeliyana vidvAna TaissiTerI ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI khoja ke lie apane ko samarpita kara diyA thaa| rAhula jI evaM DaoN. raghuvIra ke prayatna bar3e preraNAprada haiM / ye vidvAn kitanI hI abhUtapUrva sAmagrI kina-kina kaThinAiyoM meM, akiMcana hote hue bhI tibbata, maMcUriyA prAdi se lAye jo avismaraNIya hai / 3. (2) saMsthAgata prayatnoM meM hindI kSetra meM nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, agragaNya hai / san 1900 se pUrva se hI hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja sabhA ne Arambha kraaii| 1900 se khoja-vivararaNa prakAzita karAye / yaha paramparA zrAja taka cala rahI hai / ina khoja vivaraNoM se vidita hotA hai ki gA~voM aura zaharoM meM yatra-tatra kitanI vizAla sAmagrI aba bhI hai / bahuta sI sAmagrI naSTa ho gayI hai / ina khoja vivaraNoM meM jo kucha prakAzita huA hai, usase hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa - nirmANa meM Thosa sahAyatA milI hai tathA zatazaH sAhityika anusaMdhAnoM meM bhI ye vivaraNa sahAyaka siddha hue haiM / ataH grantha saMgraha to mahattvapUrNa haiM hI, 1. misra meM alakjaiNiDrayA kA, yUnAna meM etheMsa kA eziyA mAinara meM pompiAI kA bhArata meM nAladA ko, takSazilA kA pustakAlaya / kitane hI vizvavidyAlayoM kA itihAsa meM ullekha milatA hai, jinake prAcIna pustakAlaya hastalekhoM se mare par3e the / 2. bhArata meM jainoM ke mandiroM, bauddha saMghArAmoM Adi meM Aja taka mI hastalekhoM ke vizAla saMgraha haiM / jaisalamera ke saMgrahAlaya kA kucha vivaraNa TaoNDa ne diyA hai| rAjasthAna ke pratyeka rAjya meM aise hI poSI khAne the / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #30
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~/11 unakA vivaraNa bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| isa samasta kArya ko Aja vaijJAnika praNAlI se karane ke lie 'kSetrIya prakriyA' kI anivAryatA siddha ho jAtI hai| vastutaH pAMDulipi vijJAna ke lie yaha vijJAna pahalI AdhAra zilA hai| peliyogrAphI lipi-vijJAna hotA hai| pAMDulipi vijJAna kI dRSTi se lipi-vijJAna bahuta mahattvapUrNa vijJAna hai| isakA saiddhAntika pakSa to lipi ke janma kI bAta bhI kregaa| usakA vikAsa bhI batAyegA / vyAvahArika pakSa meM yaha vijJAna una kaThinAiyoM para vijaya ke upAyoM kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai, jo kisI ajJAta lipi ko par3hane meM sAmane AtI hai|' misra kI citralipi par3hane kA itihAsa kitanA rocaka hai, usase kama rocaka itihAsa bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyoM ke udghATana aura paThana kA nahIM hai| isI vijJAna ke mAdhyama se hama vizva kI samasta lipiyoM ke svarUpa se bhI paricita hote haiN| isI vijJAna kI sahAyatA se pAMDulipi-vijJAna vividha prakAra kI pAMDulipiyoM kI lipiyoM kI prakRti se paricita hokara, unheM apane upayoga ke yogya banAne kI kSamatA pA sakatA hai| pAMDulipiyoM meM lipi kA mahattva bahuta hai| lipi ke par3hane-samajhane ke siddhAntoM, sthitiyoM aura samasyAoM ko hRdayaMgama karanA pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA eka Avazyaka pakSa hai| lipi-vijJAna ke vyAvahArika dRSTi se do bheda kiye jAte haiM : inako aMgrejI meM aipIgrAphI (Epigraphy) arthAt abhilekha lipi vijJAna tathA peliyogrAphI (Palaeography) arthAt lipi vijJAna kahate haiN| DeviDa Dirijara kA kahanA hai ki abhilekha lipi-vijJAna yUnAnI abhilekha vijJAna, lAtInI abhilekha vijJAna, hibrU abhilekha vijJAna jaise vizeSa kSetroM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / yaha vijJAna mukhyataH una prAcIna abhilekhoM ke adhyayana meM pravRtta rahatA hai jo zilAoM, dhAtuoM aura miTTI jaisI sAmagrI para kATa kara, khoda kara, yA DAlakara prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa adhyayana meM ajJAt lipiyoM kA udghATana (decipherment) tathA unakI vyAkhyA sammilita rahatI hai| peliyogrAphI (Palaeography) bhI epIgrAphI kI taraha kSetrIya vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta dI gaI hai / isakA uddezya mukhyataH usa lekhana kA adhyayana hai jo komala padArthoM para yathA kAgaja, carmapatra, pepIrasa, linena (linen) aura momapaTTa para yA to citrita kiyA gayA hai yA utArA (Traced) yA cihnita kiyA gayA hai| yaha kriyA zalAkA (sTAilasa), kU~cI, seMTA yA kalama se kI jA sakatI hai| isa vijJAna kA bhI anivArya aMtaraMga viSaya lipi udghATana (decipherment) evaM vyAkhyA bhI hai| spaSTa hai ki uparyukta donoM vijJAnoM meM mUla bheda 'lipyAsana' ke kaThora yA komala hone ke kAraNa hai| kucha vidvAna 'DiplomaiTiksa' ko bhI peliyogrAphI kI hI eka zAkhA mAnate haiM, isameM zAsakIya paTToMparavAnoM kI lipi ko par3hane kA prayatna sammilita rahatA hai| yaha viSaya bhI hamAre vijJAna kA aMtaraMga viSaya hI hai| ___ 'bhASA-vijJAna' bhASA kA vijJAna hai / pAMDulipi meM lipi ke bAda bhASA hI mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| bhASA-vijJAna lipi ke udghATana meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha hama Age dekheMge ki 1. dekhiye adhyAya-"sipi smsyaa'| 2. Dirijara, DeviDa-rAiTiMga pRSTha 20. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #31
12/pANDulipi-vijJAna kisa prakAra eka abhilekha ko eka anya bhASA meM likhA parikalpita kara lene ke kAraNa ThIka nahIM par3hA jA skaa| bhASA lipi-jJAna meM bahuta sahAyaka hotI hai| phira pAMDulipi vijJAna meM pAMDulipi ke kaI AyAma bhASA para hI nirbhara karate haiN| pAMDulipi kI vastu kA paricaya bhASA ke binA asambhava hai| bhASA vijJAna se hI vaha takanIka bhI nikAlI jA sakatI hai, jisameM bilkula hI ajJAta lipi aura usakI ajJAt bhASA kA kucha anumAna lagAyA jA ske| aisI lipi jisakI lekhana-praNAlI aura bhASA kA patA nahIM, udghATita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| eka prakAra se yaha kArya asambhava hI mAnA gayA hai| vizva ke itihAsa meM abhI taka aise udghATana kA kevala eka hI udAharaNa milatA hai| mAikela vaiTrisa ne krITa kI lAiniyara bI (Linear B) kA udghATana kiyaa| yaha krITa kI eka bhASA thI / kintu isake udghATana se pUrva na to isakI lekhana-praNAlI kA jJAna thA, na yaha jJAna thA ki yaha kaunasI bhASA hai| vastutaH yaha saphalatA veMTrisa mahodaya ko mukhyataH bhASAvaijJAnika-vizleSaNa kI eka saMgata takanIka ke upayoga se hI milii| ataH bhASA-vijJAna aise kaThina mAmaloM meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| kisI bhI hastalekha ke bhASA-vaijJAnika adhyayana se hI yaha jJAta ho sakatA hai ki vaha kisa bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| isI se usa grantha kI bhASA ke vyAkaraNa, zabdarUpoM evaM vAkya-vinyAsa tathA zailI kA jJAna bhI hotA hai| kisa kAla kI aura kahA~ kI bhASA hai, yaha jAnane meM bhI yaha vijJAna sahAyaka hotA hai / isa prakAra bhASA jJAna se hama pAMDulipi ke kSetra kA paricaya pA sakate haiN| dUsarI ora pAMDulipi kI bhASA svayaM bhASA-vijJAna kI kisI samasyA para prakAza DAlane vAlI siddha ho sakatI hai| kisI vizeSa-kAlagata bhASA kI pravRttiyoM kA jJAna pAMDulipiyoM se ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra bhASA-vijJAna aura pAMDulipiyA~ eka dUsare ke lie sahAyaka haiN| purAtattva (Archaelogy) ke vizada anusaMdhAna kSetra meM zilAlekha, mudrAlekha tAmrapatra Adi aneka prakAra kI aisI sAmagrI AtI hai jisakA upayoga hastalekha-vijJAna bhI karatA hai| vastutaH purAtattva ke kSetra meM jaba aise prAcIna lekhoM kA adhyayana hotA hai, taba vaha hastalekha vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI sammilita hotA hai / ataH usake lie isa vijJAna kI zaraNa anivArya hI hai, aura hamAre vijJAna ke lie bhI purAtattva sahAyaka hai, kyoMki bahuta se prAcIna mahattvapUrNa hastalekha purAtattva ne hI pradAna kiye haiN| misra ke pepIrasa, sumeriyana sabhyatA ke ITa-lekha, bhArata ke tathA anya dezoM ke zilAlekha tathA anya lekha Adi purAtattva ne hI udghATita kiye haiM / aura unakA upayoga pAMDulipi-vijJAna-vizAradoM ne kiyA hai / yaha bhI tathya hai ki pAMDulipi-vijJAna ko pAMDulipi ke viSaya meM purAtana kAlIna jisa pariveza aura pRSThabhUmi ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vaha purAtattva se prApta ho sakatA hai| __ itihAsa kA kSetra bhI bahuta vizada hai / isakI AvazyakatA prAyaH pratyeka jJAna-vijJAna ko par3atI hai| isI dRSTi se hamAre vijJAna ke lie bhI itihAsa kI zaraNa Avazyaka hotI hai| isa vijJAna ko sahI pariprekSya meM samajhane ke lie itihAsa kI sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai| hastalekhoM kI pRSThabhUmi kA jJAna bhI itihAsa se hI milatA hai| pAMDulipiyoM meM lekhakoM ke nAma aura vaMza rahate haiM, Azraya-dAtAoM ke nAma rahate haiM, deza evaM kAla se sambandhita kitanI hI bAtoM kA bhI ullekha rahatA hai, prAzraya-dAtAoM kI bhI vaMza paramparA dI jAtI hai| aisI prabhUta sAmagrI pAMDulipiyoM kI puSpikAnoM meM bhI dI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #32
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~/13 jAtI haiN| lipi kA svarUpa bhI deza-kAla se jur3A rahatA hai, isI prakAra kAgaja yA lipyAsana ke prakAra kA sambandha bhI dezakAla se hotA hai| kisI grantha kI viSaya-vastu meM vidyamAna tathyoM kI ora na bhI jAeM to bhI ukta bAtoM ke lie bhI itihAsa kA jJAna yA itihAsa-jJAna kI prakriyA jAne binA kAma nahIM cala sktaa| isI prakAra itihAsa kI bahuta sI sAmagrI prAcIna granthoM se, hastalekhoM se milatI hai| usake lie bhI pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI sahAyatA apekSita hai| jyotiSa-jyotiSa kA kSetra bahuta vistRta hai| usameM eka zAkhA kAla-nidAna kI bhI hai| isake antargata dina, tithi, saMvatsara (saMvat-san) muhUrta, pakSa, nakSatra, graha, karaNa grAdi kA nidAna aura nirNaya pAtA hai| yaha jJAna itihAsa ke lie bhI upayogI hai, aura hastalekha-vijJAna ke lie bhI / pratyeka hastalekha yA pAMDulipi kA kAla-nirdhAraNa jyotiSa ke 'paMcAMga' Adi kI sahAyatA se kiyA jAtA hai| kAla-nirdhAraNa ko kitanI hI jaTila samasyAeM jyotiSa kI sahAyatA ke binA hala nahIM ho sktiiN| ataH hamAre isa vijJAna ko kAla-nirNaya meM 'jyotiSa' kI sahAyatA lenI hI par3atI hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hajAroM varSa purAne 'paMcAMga' yA 'jatriyA~' milatI haiM, unakI sahAyatA se, tathA aise hI kalaiNDaroM se kAla-nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI ThIka hai, para Akhira ye paMcAMgakalaNDara Adi haiM to jyotiSa ke hI aMga / ataH 'jyotiSa' atyanta upayogI aura sahAyaka vidyA hai, jisa para hamAre vijJAna ke niSkarSa AdhArita hote haiM / sAhitya-zAstra--sAhitya-zAstra ke cAra bar3e aMga mAne jA sakate haiM : prathama-zabdArthabhASA-vijJAna ke atirikta zabda se artha taka pahu~cane ke lie zabda-zaktiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva sAhitya-zAstra meM hai / isI kA eka pahalU sAhitya zAstra meM 'dhvani' hai / dUsarA aMga hai-'rasa' / jisake lie sAhitya zAstriyoM ne kAvya meM 'navarasa' kI pratiSThA kI hai| tIsarA aMga hai-- 'chaMda' / eka aura aMga hai-'alaMkAra' / hamAre vijJAna ke lie 'zabdArtha' vAle vibhAga kI apekSA to pada-pada para rahatI hai / 'rasa' kA jJAna sAhityika pAMDulekha ke lie to sarvopari hai| anya jJAna-vijJAnoM ke granthoM ke lie isakI utanI AvazyakatA nhiiN| hAlAMki, prAcIna kAla meM vividha jJAna-vijJAna ko rUpaka praNAlI se bhI prastuta karane kI paripATI rahI haiN| pratIka-praNAlI kA upayoga bhI jJAna-vijJAna ke lie kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM paripATiyoM meM kAvyagata rasa ke zAstra kA upayoga sahAyaka hotA hai / aba 'chanda' ko leN| prAcIna kAla meM gadya ko 'grantha lekhana' kI bhASA hI nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| padya hI sarva pracalita tathA lokapriya mAdhyama rahA hai kyoMki padya kA racanA-vidhAna chaMda-nirbhara hotA hai tathA use smaraNa rakhanA gadya kI apekSA sugama hotA hai| isa dRSTi se chaMda-jJAna prAcIna hastalekhoM ke lie sAmAnyataH Avazyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadi grantha gadya meM likhA gayA hai to 'chaMda' utanA upayogI nahIM hotaa| 'alaMkAra' bhI sAhityazAstra kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, aura hastalekhoM tathA pAMDulipiyoM meM inakA jahA~-tahAM upayoga mila sakatA hai| aise sthaloM ko samajhane kI dRSTi se alaMkAra-jJAna kA mahattva ho sakatA hai / lekina pratyeka kI sImA rekhA hai-pAMDulipi vijJAna ko inakI vahIM taka AvazyakatA hai, jahA~ taka ye pAMDulipi kI viSaya-vastu ko samajhAne meM sahAyaka haiN| 1. yathA-pravINa sAgara / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #33
14/pANDulipi-vijJAna pustakAlaya vijJAna : pustakAlaya vijJAna kA bhI ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA / hastalekhoM yA pAMDulipiyAM kA bhaNDAra jahA~ bhI hogA vahA~, choTA-moTA pustakAlaya svataH hI bana jAyagA / prAcIna kAla meM samasta pustakAlaya hastalekhoM aura pAMDulipiyoM ke hI hote the| alekjeNDriyA, nAlaMdA tathA anya aise hI prAcIna pustakAlayoM meM sabhI pustakeM hastalekhoM ke rUpa meM hI thiiN| mudraNa-yantra ke pracalana ke bAda bhI mudrita pustakoM ke sAtha hastalekha rahe haiN| Adhunika kAla meM mudrita pustakoM ke pustakAlaya pradhAna haiM-hastalekhoM ke pustakAlaya bahuta kama raha gaye haiN| aba pAzcAtya jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM 'Adhunika hastalekhAgAroM' (Modern Manuscript Litrary) kA eka nayA Andolana calA hai / ina pustakAlayoM meM rAjyoM, sarakAroM evaM bar3e-bar3e udyogoM ke mahattvapUrNa lekha, mahAn vyaktiyoM ke kisI bhI prakAra ke hastalekha, patra, masavide, prativedana, vivaraNa, DAyarI, natthiyA~ Adi-Adi surakSita rakhe jAte haiM, sAtha hI inheM anusaMdhAnakartAoM ko pustakAlaya dvArA upalabdha bhI karAyA jAtA hai / rUtha bI. boDina evaM rAbarTa ema. vArmara ne apanI pustaka 'da mADarna mainyuskripTa lAibrerI' meM batAyA hai ki :---- "mainyuskripTa yA pAMDulipi pustakAlaya kA astitva hI anusaMdhAtA aura vidyArthI kI sevA karane ke liye hotA hai|" ataH pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi se isa sevA ko prastuta karane ke lie bhI pustakAlaya-vijJAna kA sahArA apekSita hotA hai| hastalekhoM aura pAMDulipiyoM ko kisa prakAra vyavasthita kiyA jAya, kaise unakI paMjikAe~ rakhI jAyeM, kaise unakI sAmAnya surakSA kA dhyAna rakhA jAya, kaise unheM par3hane ke lie diyA jAya, Adi bAteM vaijJAnika vidhi se pustakAlaya-vijJAna hI batAtA hai| saMgrahAlayoM (Museum) aura abhilekhAgAroM ke lie isa vijJAna kA mahattva svayaM-siddha hai| DiplomaiTiksa DiplomeTiksa vastutaH 'paTTA-paravAnA vijJAna' hai / DiplomeTiksa yUnAnI zabda 'DiplomA' se vyutpanna hai| isakA yUnAnI meM artha thA 'mur3A huA kAgaja' / aisA kAgaja prAyaH rAjakIya patroM, cArTaroM Adi meM kAma AtA thaa| phalataH isakA artha vizeSatayA aise patroM se jur3a gayA jo paTTe, paravAne, lAiseMsa yA DigarI ke kAgaja the| ___Age cala kara DiplomeTiksa ne vijJAna kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyaa| Aja isa vijJAna kA kAma hai prAcIna zAsakIya paTToM-paravAnoM (documents), pramANa-patroM (diplomas), cAraTaroM evaM buloM ke lekha ko udghATita ( ecipherment) karanA / ye paravAne zAhaMzAha, popa, rAjA tathA anya zAsakoM kI cAMsariyoM se jArI kiye gaye haiN| isa prakAra yaha vijJAna peliyogrAphI kI hI eka zAkhA hai| spaSTa hai ki 'DiplomeTiksa' vijJAna itihAsa ke una srotoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana karatA hai, jinakA sambandha abhilekhoM (rer ords yA archive documents) se hotA hai / ina abhilekhoM meM cAraTara, mainaDeTa DIDa (sabhI prakAra ke), jajameNTa (nyAyAlayAdeza) Adi sammilita haiM / ina paTToM-paravAnoM ke lekha ko samajhanA, unakI prAmANikatA para vicAra karanA, unake jArI kiye jAne kI tithiyoM kA anveSaNa aura nirdhAraNa karanA, sAtha hI 1. Bordin, R. B. & Warner. R. M.-The Modern Manuscript Library, P. 14. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #34
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAe~/15 unake nirmANa kI pravidhi ko samajhanA tathA yaha nirdhArita karanA ki ve ina rUpoM meM kisa uddezya ke lie upayoga meM lAye jAte the-ina sabhI bAtoM ko Aja isa vijJAna ke kSetra meM mAnA jAtA hai / pahale isameM muharabaMda (Sealing) karane kI paddhatiyoM kA adhyayana bhI eka viSaya thA / aba yaha viSaya alaga vijJAna bana gayA hai / ataH yaha viSaya bhI kisI sImA taka pANDulipi-vijJAna kA hI aMga hai| pAMDulipi-vijJAna pustakeM jJAna-vijJAna kA mAdhyama haiM / ye pustakeM prAcIna kAla meM pAMDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM hI hotI thIM / ataH sabhI prAcIna pustakAlaya pAMDulipi-pustakAlaya hI the / ina prAcIna pustakAlayoM ke itihAsa se hameM vidita hotA hai ki sabase pahale pustakAlaya misra meM prArambha hue hoMge / misra meM pepIrasa para graMtha likhe jAte the / ye kharIte (Srolls) ke rUpa meM hote the / ina graMthoM meM se eka pepIrasa grantha briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM hai vaha 133 phuTa lambA hai / ye kharIte golAkAra lapeTa kara rakhe jAte the / pepIrasa bahuta jaldI naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH yaha sambhAvanA hai ki bahuta se kharIte (skraoNla) aura aise pustakAlaya jinameM ve rakhe gaye the, aise miTa gaye haiM ki unakA hameM patA taka nhiiN| phira bhI, jo kucha jJAta ho sakA hai, usake AdhAra para vidita hotA hai ki pepIrasa skraoNloM ke grantha I0 pU0 2500 meM misra meM vidyamAna the| pepIrasa ke sAtha-sAtha yA kucha pahale se bebIlona (asIriyA) meM miTTI kI IToM (Clay tablets) para likhA jAtA thA / Adhunika yuga kI aitihAsika khudAI se ninheveha meM 10,000 lekha-IMTeM milIM, isase ninheveha meM unake pustakAlaya kA astitva siddha hotA hai / mohenajodar3oM meM bhI miTTI kI pakAI huI muhareM prApta huI haiM jina para lekha likhe gaye haiM / ITAM aura pepIrasa ke bAda pArcameNTa (carmapatra) kA upayoga huA, usake bAda kAgaja kA upayoga huaa| __ bhArata meM mohenajodar3oM kI lipi kA vikAsa 3000 I0 pU0 meM ho cukA hogaa| yahAM bhI lekhayukta muhareM yA tAbIja mile haiN| bAda meM graMthoM ke lie vRkSoM ke patra aura chAla kA upayoga pahale huA / tAr3apatra aura bhojapatra se graMtha-racanA ke lie lipyAsana kA kAma liyA jAne lagA / dhAtupatroM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA / bhAratetara kSetroM meM prAcIna pustakAlayoM kI jo sUcanA prAja upalabdha hai vaha nIce kI tAlikA se jAnI jA sakatI varSa (lagabhaga) sthApanakartA lipyAsana sthAna 2 grantha 3 pepIrasa pepIrasa 1. I. pU. 2500 gijeha (Gizeh) - 2. I. pU. 1400 amarnA - emehroTaupa tRtIya (Amenio top III) 3. I. pU. 1250 thIvIja .- remeja (Remese) 1. inheM valayitAe~, kuNDaliyAM athavA 'kharar3A' bhI kahate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #35
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 16/pANDulipi - vijJAna 1 4. I. pU. 600 56 5. 6. ? ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. I. pU. 500 10. ? 11. I. pU. 237 14. 600 IsavI 2 nanheveha (asIriyA) 15. 800 EUR. 12. I. pU. 411 se pargemama pUrva / (dUsarI zatI I. pU. ke Arambhika caraNa ke lagabhaga) 13. 500 IsavI www.kobatirth.org ura nippara ( Nippur) kisI tello ethensa (yUnAna) alekjeNDrayA 3 4 5 10,000 IMTeM asurabenI pAla iMTa (clay tablets) idaphira (prAcIna idaphula ( Idful) horesa ke maMdira meM seMTa kaitharAina kI monasTrI sinAI parvata para saiMTa gele (sviTajara laiMDa meM) (?) ethosa parvata para ( yUnAna meM ) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir IMTa pepIrasa pijisTreTasa 500,000 (1) alekjeMDara pepIrasa kharIte (2) TAlamI prathama (Scrolls) pepIrasa 200,000 siMkadara ke bAda ke pepIrasa evaM kharItoM se bhI uttarAdhikArI kahIM adhika pArcamenTa (carmapatra ) For Private and Personal Use Only koDeksa pArcamenTa 1. mArka eNTanI ne 41 I0 pU0 meM pargemama pustakAlaya ke 200,000 kharIte (Scrolls) graMtha 'kilopeTrA' ko de diye the ki unheM alekjeMDriyana pustakAlaya meM rakhavA diyA jAya / 2. parge mama ke pustakAlaya kA bahuta saMvarddhana huA / isase sikaMdariyA ke logoM ko yaha AzaMkA ho gayI ki kahIM siriyA ke pustakAlaya kA mahatva kama na ho jAya / ataH unhoMne pargemama ko pepIrasa denA baMda kara diyaa| taba pargemama meM camar3e ke carma-patra kA AviSkAra kiyA gayA, jise 'pargemeNTama' kahA gayA, hI pArzvameNTa ho gayA / pArzvameNTa ke kharIte nahIM bana sakate the, ata: unake pRSTha bane yA panne bane / ina pannoM kI silAI kI gyii| yaha sile hue pannoM kA rUpa koDeksa ( Codex) kahalAyA / yahI Adhunika jildabaMda pustaka kA janaka hai|

Page #36
pANDulipi-vijJAna aura usakI sImAeM/17 2 45 16. 1200 I. ke bAda laurejoM De meDisI kA - pustakAlaya, phloreMsa, koDeksa pArcameNTa iTalI 17. 1367 I. bibliyothIka nezanala - (nezanala lAibrerI), perisa, phrAMsa 18. 1447 I. veTikana pustakAlaya, veTikana siTI meM (bhArata tathA kucha anya dezoM ke pramukha aitihAsika pustakAlayoM kA vivaraNa pariziSTa meM diyA gayA hai|) aAdhunika pAMDulipi prAgAra 'da mADarna mainyuskripTa lAibrerI' ke lekhaka ne tIna prakAra ke saMgrahAlayoM meM antara kiyA hai : 1. rakSAgAra (Archives) 2. myUjiyama-ajAyabaghara kA adabhUtAlaya 3. hastalekhAgAra yA pAMDulipyAgAra 'rakSAgAra' ke sambandha meM inakA kathana hai ki : One of the most important types of Manuscript repo itory is the off cial archive which preserves the records of federal, state, or local government bodies. _ 'rakSAgAra' sarakArI kAgaja-patroM kA bhaNDAra hotA hai| bhArata meM 'rASTrIya lekhA rakSAgAra' (National Archives) aisA hI saMgrahAlaya hai / bIkAnera meM 'rAjasthAna' ke samasta rAjyoM ke kAgaja-patra eka saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / ajAyabaghara (Museum) meM aisI vastuoM aura hastalekhoM kA saMgraha rahatA hai jinakA mahattva darzanIyatA ke kAraNa hotA hai / kalAtmaka vaicitrya yA vaiziSTya inameM rahatA hai / inakA upayoga hastalekhAgAroM yA pAMDulipyAgAroM se bhinna rUpa meM hotA hai| uparyukta graMthakAra ke anusAra hastalekhAgAra kA pradhAna uddezya hai adhyetAoM tathA anusaMdhAna-kartAoM ke lie upayogI siddha honA / vaha likhate haiM ki, 'A manuscript library exists to serve the scholar and the student' kintu 'hastalekhAgAra' kA jo svarUpa aura vizeSatA isa lekhaka ne prastuta kI hai, vaha aise dezoM ke lie hai jahA~ sabhyatA, saMskRti aura lekhana kA sUtra 300-400 varSa pUrva 1. Bordin, R. B. & Warner, R.M. --The Modern Manuscript Library, P 9 isI lekhaka ne yaha bhI likhA hai 'Archives are the permanent records of a body usually, but not necessarily, or going, of either a public or private character. (P.6) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #37
18/pANDulipi-vijJAna se prArambha hotA hai aura jahA~ 'graMtha lekhana' mudraNAlayoM ke prA jAne ke kAraNa svatantra mahattva nahIM prApta kara skaa| bhArata jaise prAcIna deza meM tathA aise hI anya prAcIna dezAM meM hastalekhAgAra meM jJAna-vijJAna ke hastalekha yA pAMDulipiyA~ bar3I saMkhyA meM milate haiN| __isakA eka AbhAsa hastalekhAgAroM kI usa sUcI se ho jAtA hai jo hama pahale de cuke haiM / mudraNa-yantra ke pracalana se bahuta pUrva se pAMDulipiyA~ prastuta kI jAtI rahI haiM / ataH aise pAMDulipi bhANDAgAroM kA uddezya anusaMdhAna se jur3A hokara bhI vistRta hai| itihAsa ke vividha yugoM meM jJAna-vijJAna kI sthiti hI nahIM jJAna-vijJAna ke sUtroM ko jAnane ke sAdhana bhI graMthAgAroM meM upalabdha hote haiM / mahattva phalataH pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA mahattva svayaM-siddha hai / pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke vidhivata jAna se isa mahAn sampatti ko samajhane-samajhAne kA dvAra khulatA hai, aura hama raskina ke zabdoM meM, 'rAjasI-sampadAkoSa' (Kings Treasuries) meM praveza pAkara abhUtapUrva ratnoM kI parakha karane meM samartha ho sakate haiM / yaha bahuta bar3I upalabdhi mAnI jA sakatI hai| 000 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #38
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra zradhyAya 2 pAMDulipi-grantha racanA - prakriyA lekhana aura usake uparAnta grantha-racanA kA janma bhI hameM Adima AnuSThAnika paryAvaraNa meM huA pratIta hotA hai| rekhAMkana se lipivikAsa taka ke mUla meM bhI yahI hai aura usake Age grantha-racanA meM bhI / prAcInatama granthoM meM bhArata ke veda aura misra kI 'mRtakoM kI pustaka' AtI haiN| veda bahuta samaya taka maukhika rahe / unheM lipibaddha karane kA niSedha bhI rahA / para misra ke pepIrasa ke kharItoM (scrolls) meM likhe ye grantha samAdhiyoM meM daphanAye hue mile haiM / ina donoM hI prAcIna racanAoM kA sambandha dharma aura unake zranuSThAnoM se rahA hai / ina donoM dezoM meM hI nahIM anya dezoM meM bhI lekhana aise hI AnuSThAnika paryAvaraNa se yukta rahA hai / prAyaH sabhI prArambhika granthoM meM prAnuSThAnika jAduI dharma kI bhAvanA milatI hai / isIlie pada-pada para zubhAzubha kI dhAraNA vidyamAna pratIta hotI hai / yahI bAta grantha-racanA sambandhita pratyeka mAdhyama tathA sAdhana ke sambandha meM hai / grantha racanA meM pahalA pakSa hai- 'lekhaka' / Arambha meM lekhaka kA dharma pracalita paramparAoM, dhAraNAoM aura vAk-vilAsA ko lipibaddha karanA thA / yaha samasta lokavArttA 'apauruSeya' mAnI jAtI rahI hai aura vAk - vilAsa 'mantra' | isameM lekhaka ko adhika se adhika 'vyAsajI' kI taraha sampAdaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAda meM 'lekhaka' zabda se maulika kRti kA lekhana karane vAlA bhI abhihita hone lgaa| maulika kRti meM kRtikAra ko yA granthakAra ko kina bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA hotA thA, isakA jJAna hameM pANini ke AdhAra para DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne India As Known to Panini' ( pAriNani kAlIna bhArata) meM karAyA hai / unhoMne batAyA hai ki pahale grantha kA saMgata rUpa - vidhAna honA cAhie / isakA pAribhASika nAma hai - tantra yukti / tantra-yukti meM ye bAteM dhyAna meM rakhanI hotI haiM : 1 - abhikAra yA saMgati arthAt prAMtarika samIcIna vyavasthA yA vidhAna / 2 - maMgala - maMgala kAmanA se prArambha / 3 hetvartha - varNya kA AdhAra / 4- upadeza kRtikAra ke nijI nirdeza / 5 - apadeza - khaMDanArtha dUsare ke mata ko uddhRta karanA / isI pahale pakSa meM lekhaka ke sAtha pAThavaktA yA pAThavAcaka bhI rakhanA hogA / yaha vyakti mUla grantha aura lipikAra ke bIca meM sthAna rakhatA hai / dUsarA pakSa hai bhautika sAmagrI | 'rAjaprazrIyopAMga sUtra' (citrama kI chaThI zatI) meM inakA varNana yoM kiyA gayA hai : " tassajaM pauttharayaNassa, imeyArUve vaSNAvAse paSNatte, taM jahAM rayaggAmadhAI pattagAI, riTTAmaIyoM kaMviyA, taba gijjayae done, nAjAmaNimae gaMThI, verUliyamaNimae lippAsaNe, riTThAmae chaMdaNe, tavaNijjamaI saMkalA, riTThAmaI masI vairAmaI lakSmI, riTThAmayAI kavarAI, dhammie satthe | ( pR0 96 ) 1 1. muni zrI puNyavijaya jI - bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 18 para uddhRta / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #39
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 20/ pANDulipi - vijJAna www.kobatirth.org bhautika sAmagrI meM nimnalikhita vastue~ prAtI haiM 1. lipyAsana - vaha vastu jisa para likhA jAnA hai; yathA- IMTa, patthara, kAgaja, patra (tAr3a patra ), dhAtu, camar3A, chAla (bhUrjapatra ), pepIrasa, kapar3A Adi / isakI vistRta carcA 'prakAra' zIrSaka adhyAya meM kI gaI hai kyoMki lipyAsana bheda se bhI grantha-bheda mAne jAte haiM / 2. masi - syAhI 3. lekhanI - kUMcI, TA~kI, kalama Adi / 4. DorA --- sIpa, nAriyala Adi kI kara gAMTha dI jAtI hai / kahate haiM / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 5. kASTha-paTTikAe~ (kAmbikA) 6. veSThana -- chaMdaju (grAcchAdana) 7. granthi - - tAr3apatra Adi ke granthoM meM bIca meM cheda karake DorI piroyI jAtI hai / grantha ke donoM ora isa DorI ke donoM choroM para lakar3I, hAthI- dA~ta, gola TikulI meM se isa DorI ko nikAla ina TikuliyoM ko bhI granthi yA gAMTha 8. har3atAla yA haratAla -- galata likha jAne para use miTAne kA sAdhana hai 'har3atAla' / tIsarA pakSa hai-lipi aura lipikAra lipikAra aura lekhaka taba hI paryAyavAcI hote haiM, jaba lekhaka hI lipikAra kA bhI kAma karatA hai / donoM ke lie lipi jJAna aura usakA abhyAsa avazya anivArya hai / jI. bahalara ne hameM batAyA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM ina lekhakoM yA lipikAroM ke liye nirdeza -grantha likhe gaye the / do aise granthoM kA unhoMne ullekha bhI kiyA hai : 1. lekha paMcAzikA / isameM nijI patroM kI racanA kA varNana hI nahIM hai varan paTToM, paravAnoM tathA rAjAoM kI saMdhiyoM ko likhane kA rUpa bhI batAyA gayA hai / dUsarI pustaka hai kSemendra vyAsadAsa racita 'loka prakAza' jisake eka bhAga meM huMDI, anubaMdha Adi taiyAra karane ke rUpa batAye gaye haiM / vatsarAja suta haridAsa kI 'lekhaka muktA maNi' kA bhI yahI viSaya hai / eka aisI hI kRti mahAkavi 'vidyApati' kI 'likhanAvalI' bhI hai| isakA racanA kAla san 1418 I0 hai / lekhaka : grantha racanA meM yaha sabase pradhAna pakSa hai / 'lekhaka' zabda lekhana-kriyA ke katrtA ke liye prAcInatama zabda mAnA jA sakatA hai / rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata meM isakA upayoga huA hai / isase vidita hotA hai ki mahAkAvya - yuga meM 'lekhaka' honA eka vyavasAya bhI thA aura lekhana kalA kI pratiSThA bhI ho cukI thI / pAli meM 'vinaya-piTaka' ke lekhana ko eka mahattvapUrNa aura zlAdhya kalA mAnA gayA hai aura bhikkhuriyoM ko lekhana kalA kI zikSA dene kA vidhAna hai tAki ve pavitra dharmagranthoM kA lekhana kara sakeM / isa kAla meM pitA kI icchA yahI milatI hai ki usakA putra lekhaka kA vyavasAya grahaNa kare, tAki vaha sukhI raha sake / mahAvagga aura jAtakA meM bhI aise ullekha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #40
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA 21 hai jinase usa kAla meM lekhana-vyavasAya vizeSajJa kA patA lalatA hai / pothaka (pANDulipi) lekhaka kA do bAra ullekha milatA hai aura yaha lekhaka vyAvasAyika vizeSajJa lekhaka hI ho sakatA hai| zilA-lekhoM ke anusaMdhAna se vidita hotA hai ki sAMcI stUpa ke eka zilAlekha meM 'lekhaka' kA prAcInatama ullekha hai| yahA~ 'lekhaka' lekhana-vyavasAya pravRtta vyakti hI hai, bUlara ne isa zilA-lekha kA anuvAda karate hue lekhaka kA artha 'kApIisTa praoNva mainyuskripTas' (Copyist of Mss) yA rAiTara, klarka hI diyA hai| bAda ke kitane hI zilAlekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki 'lekhaka' zabda se vyavasAyI lekhana kalA vijJa kA hI abhiprAya hai aura isa samaya taka 'lekhaka-varga' eka vyavasAyavAcI zabda ho gayA thaa| ye lekhaka zilAlekhoM para utkIrNa kiye jAne vAle prArUpa taiyAra kiyA karate the| bAda meM lekhaka ko pANDulipikartA kA kArya sauMpA jAne lagA-ye lekhaka bahudhA brAhmaNa hote the, yA daridra aura thakemA~de vRddha kAyastha / mandiroM aura pustakAlayoM meM ina lekhakoM kI niyukti grantha-lekhana ke liye kI jAtI thii| lekhaka ke paryAyavAcI jo zabda bhAratIya paramparA meM milate haiM ve haiN| lipikAra yA libikAra yA dipikAra / isa zabda kA prayoga caturtha zatI I0 pU0 meM huA milatA hai / prazo 6 ke abhilekhoM meM yaha zabda kaI bAra AyA hai| inameM yaha do arthoM meM AyA hai / eka to lekhaka dUsare zilAnoM para lekha utkIrNa karane vAlA vyakti / saMskRta koSoM meM ise lekhaka kA hI paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai, jaise-amarakoza meM--"lipikAro'kSaracaNo' kSara cucuzca lekhake" / DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya ne batAyA hai ki, A persual of Sanskrit literature and epigraphical documents will show that the 'lekl aka'....and it was employed more in the sense of a copyist' and 'an engraver' than in the sense of 'a writer.' yoM lipi' aura 'lipikAra' zabda kA prayoga pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM bhI huA hai / DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA niSkarSa hai ki pANini ke samaya meM 'lipi' kA artha hotA thA lekhana tathA lekha / 1. Pandey, R. B.--Indian Palaeography, P. 90. 2. India As Known to Panini (adhyAya 5, khaNDa 2, pR0 311) meM batAyA hai ki golDasTukara ke matAnusAra 'lekhana kalA' pANini se bahuta pUrva se pracalita thii| pANini kI vaidika sAhitya grantha rupa (MSS) meM bhI upalabdha thaa| DaoN0 agravAla kA kathana hai ki pANini ne 'grantha'. 'lipikAra' 'yavanAnI lipi' Adi zabdoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| ataH isameM sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki pANini ke samaya lekhana kalA vikasita ho cukI thii| DaoN0 agravAla ne Age likhA hai ki ___(i) Lipikar (HI. 2.21) as well as its variant form libikara', denoted a writer. The term lipi with its variant was a standing term for writing in the Maurya period and earlier. Dhammalipi, with its alternative form dharmalipi, stands for the Edicts of Asoka engraved on rocks in the third centiry F.C. An engraver is there referred to as lipikara (M.R.E. 11). Kautilya also knows the term : 'A king shall learn the lipi (alphatet) and sankhyana (numbers, Arth 1.5). He also refers to samjna-lipi. 'Code Writing' (Arth. I. 12) used at the espionage Institute in the Behistum inscription we find lipi for engraved writing. Thus it is certain that lipi in the time of Panini meant writing and script'. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #41
22/pANDulipi-vijJAna 'matsya-purANa' meM lekhaka ke nimnAMkita guNa batAye gaye haiM : sarva dezAkSarAbhijJaH sarvazAstravizAradaH / lekhakaH kathito rAjJaH sarvAdhikaraNeSu vai // zIrSopetAn susaMpUrNan zubha zreriNagatAn samAn / akSarAn vai likhedyastu lekhakaH sa varaH smRtaH / / upAya vAkya kuzalaH sarvazAstravizAradaH / bahvarthavaktA cAlpena lekhakaH syAnnRpottama / / vAjAbhiprAya tattvajJo dezakAlavibhAgavit / anAhAryo nRpe bhakto lekhakaH syAnnRpottama / / (adhyAya, 189) 'garur3a purANa' meM lekhaka ke ye guNa batAye gaye haiM medhAvI vAkpaTuH prAjJaH satyavAdI jitendriyaH / sarvazAstra samAlokI hyaSa sAdhuH sa lekhakaH / / 1, lekhaka zabda para kucha aura rocaka sUcanA hameM DaoN. vAsudevaNaraNa agravAla ke lekha 'Notes from the Brahat Kathakosha' se milatI hai| unakA yaha lekha 'The Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society, (Vol. XIX. pArTa I-II, julAIdisambara, 1946) meM prakAzita hai| isameM pR. 80-82 meM anubhAga /3 meM 'lekhaka' zIrSaka se yaha batAyA hai ki mauryoM ke samaya se lekhaka prazAsakIya tantra kA eka sadasya rhaa| kauTilya ne saMkhyAka (Accountant) aura lekhaka (Clerk) kA vetana 500 kArSApaNa vArSika batAyA hai| jaise-jaise samaya bItA, lekhaka ke dAyitva meM bhI vaise-vaise hI vRddhi huii| phlITa ke anusAra hastin ke eka abhilekha meM likhitaJca' kA pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM abhiprAya koI abhilekha prastuta karanA thA, zilpakAra (Engraver) ke lie utkIrNa karane ke lie eka pleTa para masaudA taiyAra kara denA thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke eka Adeza lekha (nirmANDa tAmrapatra abhilekha) meM lekhaka' ke ullekha se vidita hotA hai ki rAjA ke nijI sacivoM meM vaha sammilita thA aura usakA adhikAra aura katrtavya baDha gaye the| hariSeNa ke kathAkoza meM eka lekhaka mahArAnI aura mantriyoM ke sAtha rAjabhavana meM upasthita haiN| usakI upasthiti meM mahArAjA ke patra Ate haiM jinheM par3hakara lekhaka usakA abhiprAya banAtA hai| rAjA ne kisI upAdhyAya ke sambandha meM likhA thA ki use sugandhita ubale cAMvala. ghI tathA maSI bhojanArtha diyA jAya / lekhaka ne 'maSI' kA artha batAyA 'kRSNAMgAra maSI' arthAt koyale kI kAlI syAhI ghI meM ghola kara cAvala ke sAtha khAne ko dI jAya / spaSTa hai ki lekhaka ne mASa yA maSI kA yathArtha artha 'dAla' na batAkara kAlI syAhI btaayaa| pana mahArAnI ke nAma thaa| use par3hane kA aura usakI vyAkhyA kA dAyitva lekhaka para thaa| jaba rAjA ko vidita huA to usane kRDhabhAja' ko nikalavA diyaa| yaha 24vIM kahAnI meM hai| isI prakAra kI do anya kahAniyAM haiM. donoM meM patra mahArAnI ke nAma hai| paDhanA aura vyAkhyA karanA yA artha batAnA lekhaka kA kAma hai| eka meM lekhaka ne stambha (khambhoM) ke sthAna para 'stabha' par3ha kara artha kiyA bakarI / ata: rAjAjJA mArakara eka hajAra khambhoM ke sthAna para eka hajAra bakariyAM kharIdI gyiiN| eka aise hI patra meM lekhaka ne 'adhyApaya' ko 'andhApaya' par3hA aura rAjakumAra ko andhA kara diyaa| maMtrIgaNa aura mahArAnI ko usa artha kI samIcInatA Adi se koI lenA-denA nhiiN| spaSTa hai ki lekhaka kA dAyitva bahuta ba gayA thaa| usakI vyAkhyA hI pramANa thii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #42
pANDulipi-grantha racanA-prakriya 23 yahI bAteM 'zArGgadhara paddhati' meM bhI batAI gaI haiM / 'patra kaumudI' meM to rAjalekhaka ke guNa kI lambI sUcI dI gaI hai, isake anusAra lekhaka ko brAhmaNa honA cAhiye / 1 jo mantraraNAbhijJa ho, rAjanIti- vizArada ho, nAnA lipiyoM kA jJAtA ho, medhAvI ho, nAnA bhASA kA jJAtA ho, nItizAstra- kovida ho, sandhi vigraha ke bheda ko jAnatA ho, rAjakArya meM vilakSaNa ho, rAjA ke hitAnveSaNa meM pravRtta rahane vAlA ho, kArya aura kArya kA vicAra kara sakatA ho, satyavAdI ho, jitendriya ho, dharmajJa ho aura rAjadharma-vid ho, vahI lekhaka ho sakatA thA / spaSTa hai ki lekhaka kA pradarza bahuta UMcA rakhA gayA hai / usa kAla meM lekhaka ko pANDulipi lekhaka hI mAnanA hogA, kyoMki taba mudraNa yantra nahIM the, ataH lekhaka jo racanA prastuta karatA thA vaha pANDulipi (mainyuskripTa) hI hotI thI / usa mUla pANDulipi se anya lipikAra pratiyA~ prastuta karate the aura jinheM zrAvazyakatA hotI thI unheM dete the / brAhmaNoM ko, maThoM aura vihAroM ko aisA grantha-pradAna karane kA bahuta mAhAtmya mAnA gayA hai / Upara ke zlokoM meM lekhaka ke jina guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unameM sabase mahattvapUrNa hai 'sarva dezAkSarAbhijJa :- samasta dezoM ke akSaroM kA jJAna lekhaka ko avazya honA cAhiye / sAtha hI 'sarvazAstra samAlokI' - samasta zAstroM meM samAna gati lekhaka kI honI cAhiye / eka pANDulipivid meM Aja bhI ye do guNa kisI na kisI mAtrA meM hone hI cAhiye / yoM pANDulipi vijJAna vid vividha lipimAlAoM se aura jJAna-vijJAna kozoM se bhI Aja apanA kAma calA sakatA hai, phira bhI usake jJAna kI paridhi vistRta avazya hono cAhie aura usake lie sandarbha-granthoM kA jJAna to anivArya hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / Upara uddhRta paurANika zlokoM meM jisa lekhaka kI guNAvalI prastuta kI gaI hai, vaha vastutaH rAja- lekhaka hai aura usakA sthAna aura mahattva likhiyA yA lipikAra ke jaisA mAnA jA sakatA hai / hindI meM lekhaka mUla racanAkAra ko bhI kahate haiM aura likhiyA yA lipikAra ko bhI vizeSArthaka rUpa meM kahate haiM / lipikAra kA mahattva vizva meM bhI kama nahIM rahA / romana sAmrAjya ke bikhara jAne para sAmrAjya kI grantha sampatti kucha to vidvAnAM ne apane adhikAra meM kara lI, aura kucha pAdariyAM (moMksa) ne / isa yuga meM pratyeka dharma - bihAra (monasTrI ) meM eka alaga kakSa pANDulipi kakSa 'skripToriyama' (Scriptor um) hI hotA thA / isa kakSa meM pAdarI prAcIna granthAM kI hastapratiyA~ yA pANDulipiyA~ svayaM apane hAthoM se bar3I sAvadhAnI se taiyAra kiyA karate the / pANDulipi-lekhana ko unhoMne uccakoTi kI kalA se yukta kara diyA thA / 1. isa sambandha meM DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai: "There is no doubt that the invention of alphabet required some knowledge of linguistics and phonetics and as such it could be under taken only by experts ed cated and cultured. That is why, for a very long time, the art of writing remained a special preserve of literary and priestly experts, mainly belonging to the Brahman class." -Panday, R. B. Indian Palaeography, p. 83. Alphabet yA akSarAvalI yA varNamAlA java banI taba brAhmaNa varNa kA astitva thA bhI, yaha anusandhAna kA viSaya hai, para brAhmaNa dharma-vidhAtA the aura varNamAlA deva bhASA kI thI ---ataH unakA usa para adhikAra ho avazya gayA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #43
24/pANDulipi-vijJAna ve vividha prakAra kI citra-sajjA se ina granthoM ko vibhUSita karate the / / jaina mandiroM aura bauddha bihAroM meM bhI aisA hI prabandha thA / kintu yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki isase pahale prAcIna pANDulipiyoM ke lipikAra ve gulAma hote the, jinheM mukta kara diyA jAtA thaa| roma meM kucha vyAvasAyika lipikAra striyA~ thIM / san 231 I0 meM jaba origena ne 'olDa TesTAmenTa' ke sampAdana-saMzodhana kA kArya prArambha kiyA to santa ambroja ne lipi sulekhana (kailIgrAphI) meM vijJa kucha kuzala adhikArI (Deacon) evaM kumAriyA~ bhejI thiiN| isase spaSTa hai ki grantha kA sulekhana eka * vyavasAya ho cukA thA, jisameM kumAriyA~ vizeSa dakSa thiiN| bAda meM, vaha lekhana pAdariyoM kA kartavya bana gayA / ina dharma-vihAroM meM jahA~ grantha-lekhana-kakSa rahatA thA, lipikAroM kI sahAyatA ke lie pATha-vaktA (Dictator) bhI rahate the, jo grantha kA pATha bola-bola kara likhAte the, isake bAda vaha grantha eka saMzodhaka ke pAsa bhejA jAtA thA, jo aAvazyaka saMzodhana karake use citrakAra (minieTara) ko de detA thA jo use citra-sajjA se sundara banA detA thaa| bhArata meM bhI dharma-bihAroM, mandiroM, sarasvatI tathA jJAna bhaNDAroM meM lekhaka-zAlAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 'kumArapAla prabandha' meM yaha ullekha isa prakAra AyA hai "ekadA prAtargurUna sarvasAdhUMzca vanditvA lekhakazAlA vilokanAya gatAH / lekhakAH kAgadapatrANi likhanto raSTAH / jaina dharma meM pustaka lekhana ko mahattvapUrNa aura pavitra kArya mAnA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'yoga-dRSTi-samuccaya' meM 'lekhanA pUjanAM dAnaM' meM zrAvaka ke nityakRtyoM meM pustaka lekhana kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai / jaina-granthoM se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki grantha-racanA ke lie vidvAn lekhaka ko vidvAn ziSya aura zramaNa vividha sUcanAe~ dene meM sahAyatA kiyA karate the / aisI bhI prathA thI ki grantha-racanAkAra apane viSaya ke mAnya zAstravettA aura AcArya ke pAsa apanI racanA saMzodhanArtha bhejA karate the / unase puSTi pAne ke bAda hI ina racanAoM kI pratiyA~ karAI jAtI thiiN| bhArata meM grantha-lekhana yA lekhaka kA kArya pahale brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM rahA, bAda meM 'kAyasthoM ke hAtha meM calA gayA / kAyastha lekhakoM kA vyavasAyI varga thA / vijJAnezvara ne yAjJavalkya smRti (1,336) kI TIkA meM mUla pATha meM Aye 'kAyastha' zabda kA artha lekhaka hI kiyA hai; 'kAyasthagaNakA lekhakAzca' / isameM sandeha nahIM ki kAyastha varga vyAvasAyika lekhakoM kA varga hI thA-yahI Age cala kara jAti ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| kAyasthoM kA lekhana bahuta sundara hotA thA / 'kAyastha' zabda ke kaI artha kiye gaye haiM / kintu yathArtha artha yahI pratIta hotA hai ki kAyastha vaha hai jo kAya meM sthita rahe-'kAya' maurya kAla meM sekreTeriyaTa (Secretariate) ko kahA jAtA thA, aura isameM sthita vyakti thA kAyastha / lekhaka, lipikAra, dipikAra yA divira ke sAtha anya paryAyavAcI bhI bhArata meM pracalita the-ye haiM : karaNa, kagin, zAsanin tathA dharmalekhin / DaoN0 vAsudeva upAdhyAya 1. The World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 11), p. 224. 2 Encyclopedia Americana, (Vol. 18), p. 241. 3. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 25 / 4. vahI, pR0 107 / 5. upAdhyAya, vAsudeva-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 256-2571 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #44
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/25 ne batAyA hai ki--- "kAyastha zabda ke atirikta lekhaka ke lie karaNa, karaNika, karanin Adi zabda prayukta hote rahe / cedilekha meM (karaNika dhIra sutena) tathA candeloM kI khajurAho prazasti meM karaNika zabda kA prayoga milatA hai jo sundara akSara likhate the......."kIlahAna ne karaNa ko bhI kAnUnI patroM ke lekhaka ke artha meM mAnA hai / ......."unheM saMskRta bhASA kA acchA jJAna rahatA thA / zilpI, rUpakAra, sUtradhAra tathA zilAkUTa kA kAma bhI lekha utkIrNa karanA hI thaa| __ pAMDulipi vijJAna kI dRSTi se 'lipikAra' kA mahattva bahuta adhika hai| usake prayatna ke phalasvarUpa hI hameM hastalekha prApta hue haiN| usakI kalA se grantha sundara yA asundara hotA hai, usakA vyaktitva grantha meM doSa bhI paidA kara sakatA hai| lipikAra ke sambandha meM DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne batAyA hai ki kisI hastalekha kI prAmANikatA para bhI lipikAra ke vyaktitva kA prabhAva par3atA hai| unhoMne dasa prakAra ke lipikAra batAye haiM : (1) jaina zrAvaka yA muni / (2) sAdhu/sampradAya-vizeSa kA yA AtmAnaMdI / (3) gRhastha / (4) par3hAne vAlA (cAhe koI ho) (5) kAmadAra (rAjagharAne ke lipika) (6) dphtrii| 5veM aura chaThe meM bheda hai / kAmadAra to lipika ke rUpa meM hI rakhe jAte haiM, daphtarI anya kAryoM ke sAtha prAjJA hone para pratilipi bhI karatA thaa| (7) vyakti vizeSa ke lie likhI gaI prati kA lipika koI bhI ho sakatA hai| (8) avasara vizeSa ke lie likhI gaI prati kA lipika koI bhI ho sakatA hai| (9) saMgraha ke lie likhI gaI prati kA lipika koI bhI ho sakatA hai / (10) dharma vizeSa ke lie likhI gaI prati kA lipika koI bhI ho sakatA hai / lipikAra dvArA pratilipi meM vikRtiyA~ uddezya lipikAra se hI lipigata vikRtiyAM jur3I huI haiN| kisI prati kA mahattva usameM likhI racanA athavA pATha ke kAraNa hI hai / ataH pAMDulipi-vijJAna evaM pAMDulipi sampAdana ke sandarbha meM jitanI bhI bhUleM saMbhava ho sakatI haiM, unako jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai| saMpAdana meM to unakA nirAkaraNa bhI karanA hotA hai| nirAkaraNa pradhAnatayA prati ke 'uddezya' se kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAThAlocana ke vijJAna meM abhI taka isa ora iMgita bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| mukhyataH pATha sambandhI bhUleM/samasyAyeM ye hotI haiM :-- For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #45
26/pANDulipi-vijJAna vikRtiyA~ : (a) saceSTa (jAnabUjha kara kI gayI) (ba) nizceSTa (anajAne ho jAne vAlI) tathA (sa) ubhayAtmaka (saceSTa-nizaceSTa) ye kaI prakAra se hotI haiM yA lAI jAtI haiM :--- (ka) mUla pATha meM vRddhi ke lie| (kha) mUla pATha meM se kucha kamI ke lie| (ga) mUla pATha ke sthAna para anya pATha baiThAne ke lie| (gha) mUla pATha ke krama meM parivartana ke lie, (Ga) mUla pATha meM mizra pATa kI prati kA aMza grahaNa karane ke lie, svecchA se| (ca) mizra pATha kI prati kA kisI eka paramparA kI prati se milAna karate samaya svecchA se / antima donoM kA (Ga aura ca) eka prakAra se prArambhika cAroM meM se kisI na kisI meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| aisA isalie hotA hai ki inameM se koI na koI bhUla ho jAtI hai : (ka) lipibhrama, lipi-sAmya / (kha) varNa-sAmya (d yUTanA yA dubArA likhanA) / (ga) zabda-sAmya (dyUTanA yA dubArA likhnaa)| (gha) lipikAra dvArA likhe gaye saMketa cihnoM ko na samajhanA / (Ga) zabda kA ThIka anvaya na kara sakanA / (ca) punarAvRtti (paMkti, zabda aura arddha paMkti kii)| (cha) smRti ke sahAre likhnaa| . (ja) bole hue ko sunakara likhanA / samAna dhvaniyoM vAlI galatiyA~ isI kAraNa hotI haiN| yahA~ pATha-vaktA yA pATha-vAcaka ke tattva ko sthAna dete haiM / kyoMki lipikAra akSara dekha nahIM rahA, suna rahA hai| (jha) hAziye meM diye gaye pATha ko pratilipi karate samaya sammilita kara lenA / isake tIna rUpa ho sakate haiM1. hAziye meM kramazaH pAI paMkti kA eka sIdha vAlI mUla pATha kI paMkti meM mizraNa kara lenaa| 2. hAziye kI sampUrNa paMktiyoM yA pUre pATha kA barAbara vAle pUrNa virAma cihna ke pazcAt vAle mUla pATha ke bAda likhanA / apavAda (Exception) ke taura para kabhI-kabhI sampUrNa hAziye kA pATha pratilipi meM Adi/anta ora prasaMga-vizeSa kI samApti para bhI le liyA jAtA hai| (DaoN. mAhezvarI ko mehojI kRta rAmAyaNa ke vibhinna hastalekhoM kA pATha milAna karane para aise udAharaNa mile haiM / para aisA kama hI pAyA jAtA hai / ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #46
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/27 isa sambandha meM Upara ke krama saM0 (ja) 'bole hue ko sunakara likhanA' ke tathya ko vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa karanA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki abhI taka pATha-saMzodhana-kartAoM ne isa ora jarA sA bhI dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| isase bhI bar3A anartha huA hai / prAyaH isase bhASA zAstrIya adhyetA galata pariNAma para pahu~ca sakatA hai aura loga pahu~ce bhI haiN| udAharaNArtha-ikArAnta ga dhvani 'Nya' karake isI 'bole hue ko sunakara likhane' ke kAraNa likhI gayI milatI hai| nvaanni>nvnny| isake saikar3oM udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM / isa bAta ko na samajhane ke kAraNa "nAmadeva kI hindI kavitA" ke sampAdakoM (pUnA vizvavidyAlaya) ne ise eka pravRtti mAnA hai, jo bhUla hai| vastutaH yaha rUpa uccAraNa sambandhI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa hai aura yaha kAra-pradhAna rAjasthAnI bhASA kI pravRtti hai / aisI pratiyoM ko 'rAjasthAnI' jAnakara unameM AI bhUloM kA nirAkaraNa isI dRSTikoNa (angle) me karanA cAhiye, anyathA galata pariNAma para pahu~cane kI AzaMkA rhegii| ora>vora aovar3a chevar3a>vovar3a chevar3a dUsarA aisA hI eka aura udAharaNa dRSTavya hai :-bIkAnera, nAgaura tathA nAgaura se dakSiNa (devadara taka) ke cAroM ora ke ilAke (jisake antargata milatA humA jaisalamera, bIkAnera aura jodhapura rAjyoM kI sImA vAlA pradeza hai,) kI eka viziSTa dhvani hai A ko pro (prA>o) bolnaa| yaha 'no' 'zro' na hokara ") jaisI dhvani hai / ddaakttr>ddoNkttr| isa ilAke meM vyApaka rUpa se yaha dhvani pracalita hai| yadi lipikAra yA bolanevAlA isa ilAke kA huA aura inameM se koI bhI dUsarA kisI aura ilAke kA, to lekhana meM antara hogaa| udaahrnnaarth-kaaNdaa>koNdaa| kAr3a>kor3a (pyAja) (kitanI dera) (kAla) (goMda) isa sthiti ko na samajhane ke kAraNa bhI bar3I bhUleM sambhava haiN| tIsarA udAharaNa-yaha dUsare ke samAna vyApaka nahIM hai, kintu use bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye / phalaudI aura pokaraNa ke bAda pazcimottara aura pazcima kI ora jaisalamera aura purAne bahAvalapura (aba pAkistAna meM) taka bhaviSyavAcaka kriyArUpa 'sya' kA prayoga hai| yaha ekavacana meM 'syai' aura bahuvacana meM "sya" hai| jAyasya = jAegA, jAyasya = jaaeNge| jarA bhI asAvadhAnI se yadi bindI na likhI yA sunI gaI, to samUce artha meM parivartana ho jAtA hai / samUha vAcaka saMjJAoM meM to vizeSa taura se / udAharaNArtha---- rAja jAyasya = pApa jAe~ge (Adara sUcaka pryog)| rAja jAyasya = rAja (nAmaka vyakti) jaaegaa| cauthA aura antima udAharaNa-mevAr3a meM likhita pratiyoM ke sandarbha meM hai / gujarAtI-bAgar3I-bhIlI ke prabhAva se aneka saMjJA zabdAM para " lagAne kI aura lagAkara bolane kI prathA hai / jaise, naMdIPage #47
28/pANDulipi-vijJAna kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ina pravRttiyoM kA jAnanA jarUrI hai, jo ki Adi, madhya yA puSpikA meM likhI rahatI hai| uparyukta samasta bhUloM kA nirAkaraNa pradhAnataH to prati ke 'uddezya' se ho sakatA hai / uddezya kA patA prati meM hameM isa prakAra laga sakatA hai :(a) prati ke prathama patra ke prathama pRSTha para likhA huA milatA hai| (ba) prati ke anta meM (puSpikA ke bhI anta meM) antima patra para likhA huA milatA hai| ye donoM patrAkAra tathA zeSa prakAra kI pratiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM / (sa) puSpikA ke pazcAt (saMvat Adi kA ullekha karane ke bAda) milatA hai / (da) yadi guTakoM, pothI, yA pothiyoM Adi meM kucha racanAe~ eka hastalekha meM hoM, aura kucha bhinna meM, to prAyaH eka prakAra ke hastalekha ke anta meM milate haiN| kAraNa-ye saMgraha grantha bhI ho sakate haiM, jinameM dhyeya yahI rahatA hai ki adhika se adhika racanAe~ suvidhApUrvaka eka sAtha hI surakSita raha sakeM / isa kAraNa vibhinna prakAra kI pratiyoM ko (jo eka AkAra ke pannoM para hoM) ekatra kara jilda baMdhavA lI jAtI haiM / ataH adhyetA ko dhyAnapUrvaka madhya kA aMza (jahA~ eka hastalekha samApta hotA hai aura dUsarA prArambha hotA hai) dekhanA cAhiye / (ka) kabhI-kabhI hAziye meM bhI likhA rahatA hai| aise udAharaNa bhI mile haiM ki uddezya antima patra ke hAziye meM sthAna kI kamI se nahIM likhA jA sakA, ataH lipikAra ne usa patra ke ThIka pUrva ke patra ke dAe~ hAziye para zeSAMza likhA ho| isa pUrva ke patra para likhita aMza ko hAziye kA zeSAMza nahIM samajhanA cAhiye / ekAdha pratiyoM meM aisA bhI likhA milA hai ki uddezya likhA to prArambha ke panne para hai, kintu samApti puSpikA ke pazcAt kI gaI hai| isakA uddezya prati kI ekAnviti ko dyotita karanA hotA hai tathA eka lipikAra dvArA likhita hai yaha.nirdiSTa karanA hotA hai| 'uddezya' meM kyA likhA rahatA hai ? nimnalikhita vAkyAvalI se uddezya kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| sIdhe rUpa meM to uddezya kahIM bhI likhA rahatA hai, yaha dhyAna meM rakhane kI bAta hai / jahA~ aisA hai bhI, vahA~ yaha nizcita samajhanA cAhiye ki usameM saceSTa vikRtiyoM ke aneka udAharaNa mileNge| 1. lipikAra amuka kA ziSya hai / 2. lipikAra ne amuka gA~va meM amuka gA~va meM amuka ke ghara meM amuka gA~va ke amuka nivAsa sthAna para prati likhii| 3. lipikAra ne amuka 'Dere' para amuka sAtharI meM amuka deza (bIkANa, jodhANa, jaisANa, mevAr3oM, DhUMDhAr3oM Adi) meM likhI / 4. lipikAra ne amuka samaya meM yAtrA (jAtarA) meM/mandira meM amuka kI satsaMgati meM/amuka avasara para (pAkhAtIja, gaNeza cautha, ghUja, pUnyU Adi) prati likhii| 5. lipikAra ne amuka ke kahane para/Adeza para/prati likhii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #48
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/29 8. 6. lipikAra ne amuka ke lie amuka kI bheMTa ke lie/amuka ke pATha ke lie amuka ke par3hane ke lie/amuka ke saMgraha ke lie amuka ko sunAne ke lie likhii| 7. lipikAra ne sva-paThanArtha pATha ke lie saMgraha ke lie likhii| lipikAra ne amuka prati ke badale likhii| (mUla prati naSTa prAyaH ho rahI thI, usake pATha ko surakSita rakhane ke lie) "amuka""rai badala mA~ likhI," yA "amuka..."rai badalAyata likhI," likhA milatA hai / 9. aise bhI aneka lipikAra rahe haiM jinhoMne pracArArtha / bikrI ke lie dharma bhAvanA se parivAra aura mitroM meM bheMTa dene ke lie pratiyA~ likhIM haiM / do ke nAma ye haiM sAhabarAmajI tathA prAraNasukha (nagIne vAlA) / 10. kaI aise bhI lipikAra haiM, jo eka samaya eka ke ziSya haiM, bAda kI likhI prati meM dUsare ke aura tIsarI meM tIsare ke ziSya / dhyAnadAsa, sAhabarAma, paramAnanda ke nAma liye jA sakate haiM / isa sambandha meM jJAtavya hai ki : (a) isase yaha na samajhanA cAhiye ki lipikAra guru badalatA rahA hai / adhikAMzataH vaha nahIM hI badalatA hai / guru se yaha tAtparya hai (ka) pitA (jo gRhastha tyAga kara saMnyAsI ho gaye) (kha) vidyA par3hAne vAlA guru (ga) dIkSA dene vAlA guru (gha) adhyAtma-patha-nirdezaka guru, evaM (Ga) sampradAya-vizeSa ke pravartaka guru / cAra-cAra [prathama cAra (ka) se (gha) taka] guruoM ke nAma aneka pratiyoM meM (eka hI prati meM bhI) milate haiM / dharma ke kSetra meM guru bhI badala jAte haiM, kintu bahuta kama / (ba) rAjasthAna meM eka aura vicitra bAta guru ke sambandha meM hai| svargastha guru ke 'khole' (goda) bhI kisI vartamAna guru kA ziSya calA jAtA hai / khole vaha taba jAtA hai jabaki svargastha guru kA prArambha kiyA huA kArya unakI mRtyu ke kAraNa adhUrA raha gayA ho athavA vartamAna guru ke nirdeza se mRtaka guru kI AkAMkSA-vizeSa kI pUrti ke nimitta bhI calA jAtA hai / aisI sthiti meM eka hI prati meM racanA-vizeSa kI samApti para eka jagaha eka guru kA nAma aura dUsarI jagaha svargastha guru kA nAma likhA milatA hai| kisI bhI prati ke pATha ko grahaNa karate samaya athavA pATha-sampAdana ke lie cunane ke samaya ullikhita prakAra se uddezya jAnanA Avazyaka hai| tabhI usakI tulanAtmaka vizvasanIyatA kA patA laga skegaa| isase (uddezya se) yaha kaise patA calatA hai ki pATha-sambandhI kaisI aura kaunakaunasI mUle sambhava haiM :noTa : 'sambhAvanA' kI jA sakatI hai| nizcita rUpa se to pATha-sampAdana ke samaya AI vikRtiyoM Adi ke AdhAra para hI kahA jA sakatA hai / satarkatA ke lie kucha Avazyaka bindu prastuta kie jA rahe haiM : . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #49
30/pANDulipi-vijJAna 1. guru kI kRtiyoM meM, sAmpradAyika bhAvanA ke anusAra kucha samAveza jodd'-todd'| 2. gA~va kisakA hai ? jyAdA kauna loga haiM ? ghara kisakA hai ? bAsa kisakA hai ? kisa para nirbhara hai ? jaise---yadi rAjapUtoM kA gA~va hai, to sambhava hai ki sambandhita prati meM vaha aisA nAma baiThA de jaisA prAyaH rAjapUtoM ke hote haiM kyoMki pAtra pratIka haiM, athavA (yuddha se sambandhita) ghaTanA meM mizraNa kara deM : unakI prasannatA hetu / yadi ghara 'thApanoM' kA hai, to nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa prasiddha kavi ko bhI thApana banA de, lipikAra yadi jAti-vizeSa kA hai, to kavi-vizeSa ko bhI usa jAti kA banA de| udAharaNa : surajanadAsajI pUniyA jAti ke the / pUniyA thApana nahIM hote| thApana lipikAra ne/thApana ke ghara meM rahakara likhane vAle ne/thApana ke kahane se likhane vAle ne inako thApana likha diyA / 3. DerA kisakA hai ? sAtharI kI ziSya-paramparA kyA hai ? 'deza' kA nAma kyA hai ? prathama se gaddIdhArI mahanta kA, usake guru kA, usake sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM kA nidarzana yatra-tatra kiyA gayA milegA / sAtharI vAlI sthiti meM prathama guru aura usake kisI ziSya kA nAma-ullekha kiyA gayA milegaa| 'deza' kA nAma likhane vAlA usase itara prAnta kA hogA / samaya kyA thA ? kaunasI 'jAtarA' thI ? mandira kisakA thA ? pradhAna upadezaka kauna thA, (usakA sampradAya aura guru kauna thA) avasara kyA thA ? nizcita hai ki yatra-tatra inase sambandhita paMktiyA~ (mUla pATha ko tor3a-maror3a kara) yadi bhAvuka huA to bhAvAveza meM lipika likha degaa| 5. kisake kahane Adeza para likhI, usakI pUrvaja-paramparA aura mAnyatA kA samAveza ho sakatA hai| isameM saceSTa vikRti ke udAharaNa pade-pade mileMge / tAtparya yaha hai ki mUla racanA ko (yadi vaha kisI bhI prakAra se aspaSTa, durUha aura kaThina ho to bhI) sarala karake rakhanA hotA hai| 7. isameM bhI uparyukta (6) bAta ho sakatI haiM / antara yaha hai ki isameM eka vizeSa suruci, saphAI aura ekAnvitI tathA ekarUpatA kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai / 8. yaha makSikA sthAne makSikA-pAta kA udAharaNa hai / isa prakAra kI prati apekSAkRta adhika vizvasanIya hogii| 9. isameM bhI (6 va 7) sthiti aaegii| 10. aise lipikAra bhI tulanA kI dRSTi se adhika vizvasanIya haiM / unakA dhyeya racanA vizeSa ko Age lAnA hI prAyaH pAyA gayA hai| mahattvapUrNa bAta : isa sambandha meM antima eka bAta aura hai / jahA~ lipikAra svayaM kavi ho, svayaM ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #50
pANDulipi-grantha racanA-prakriyA / 31 pAsa prabhUtaM racanA - sAmagrI ho aura sampradAya - vizeSa kA ho, aisI sthiti meM yadi vaha ImAnadAra hai, taba to ThIka hai, anyathA bar3I bhArI satarkatA baratanI par3egI / yaha patA lagAnA bar3A kaThina hogA ki kaunasA aMza kisa rUpa meM usakA svayaM kA hai, aura kaunasA nahIM / yaha prazna aura bhI jaTila ho jAtA hai, jaba hama isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate haiM ki madhyayuga meM pUraka - kRtitva kI bhI sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai / isase bhI adhika kSepakoM kI / taba prazna yaha hai ( 1 ) kyA sambandhita samasyA pUraka-kRtittva yA kSepaka ke svarUpa se upasthita huI hai ? (2) kyA vaha aise lipikAra kI svayaM kI racanA hai ? (3) kyA yatra-tatra se kunabA jor3ane kA prayAsa ? yadi prati eka hI milI hai to aura bhI jaTilatA bar3hatI hai, kyoMki taba pAThAlocana kI dRSTi se A~kane kA sAdhana nahIM rahatA / DA0 mAhezvarI ke isa vivecana se lipikAra ke eka aise pakSa para prakAza par3atA hai, jise hameM pAThAlocana meM bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA / lekhana Devisa Dirijara ne likhA hai ki "prAcIna misra vAsiyoM ne lekhana kA janmadAtA yA to thotha (Thoth) ko mAnA hai, jisane prAyaH sabhI sAMskRtika tattvoM kA zrAviSkAra kiyA thA, yA yaha zraya prAisisa ko diyA hai, bebIlonavAsI mAIka putra nevo (Nebo) nAmaka devatA ko lekhana kA AviSyakAraka mAnate haiM / yaha devatA manuSya ke bhAgya kA devatA bhI hai / eka prAcIna yahUdI paramparA meM mUsA ko lipi (Script) kA nirmAtA mAnA gayA hai| yUnAnI purANagAthA (misra) meM yA to harmIja nAmaka devatA ko lekhana kA zreya diyA gayA hai, yA kisI anya devatA ko / prAcIna cInI, bhAratIya tathA anya kaI jAtiyA~ bhI lekhana kA mUla devI hI mAnate haiM / lekhana kA atizaya mahattva jJAnArjana ke lie sadA hI mAnya rahA hai, udhara lekhana kA prapar3ha logoM para jAduI zakti ke jaisA prabhAva par3atA hai / " " yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki lekhana kA Arambha Adima AnuSThAnika AcaraNa aura Tone ke pariveza meM huA / yahI kAraNa hai ki sabhI bhASAe~ aura unakI lipiyA~ devI - utpatti vAlI mAnI gaI haiM aura unakI prArambhika racanAe~ aura grantha bhI daivI kRti haiM / bhArata ke veda apauruSeya haiM hI / prAcIna misra vAsiyoM ne apanI prAcIna bhASA ko 'devatAoM kI vANI' yA 'mantra' nAma diyA thA / madvantra ( Maw-ntr) saMskRta mantra kA hI rUpAntaraNa pratIta hotA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM ki Aja bhI yA Aja se kucha pUrva bhI lekhana kArya ko dhArmika mahattva diyA gayA aura lekhaka ko saba prakAra kI zucitA se yukta hokara hI lekhana meM pravRtta hone kI paramparA banI / lekhanamAtra ko itanA pavitra mAnA gayA ki lipyAsana --- kAgaja, patra Adi bhI pavitra mAna liye gae / bhArata meM kaisA hI kAgaja kyoM na ho aba se 20-25 varSa pUrva atyanta pAvana mAnA jAtA thA / kAgaja kA Tukar3A bhI yadi paira se chU jAtA thA to use dhArmika avamAnanA mAna 1. Diringer, David-The Alphabet, p. 17. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #51
32/pANDulipi-vijJAna kara sira se lagAte the aura mana se kSamA-yAcanA karate the| jainiyoM meM 'pAzAtanA' kI bhAvanA lekhana kI isI zucitA ke siddhAnta para khar3I huI hai / pustaka para thUka Adi apavitra vastu na lage, paira kI Thokara na lage, ina bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA atyanta Avazyaka mAnA gayA / yaha vidhAna bhautika dRSTi se to pustaka kI rakSA ke lie hI thA, jise dhArmika pariveza meM rakhA gayA / vastutaH samasta 'lekhana' vyApAra ke sAtha mUla prAnuSThAnika Tone kA pariveza-bhAva bhI jur3A huA hai tabhI usake prati dhArmika pAvanatA kA vyavahAra vidyamAna hai aura dharma meM use sthAna mila sakA hai| sambhavataH isIlie bahuta se hastalikhita granthoM ke anta meM nimnalikhita saMskRta zlokoM meM se eka likhA huA milatA hai : 'jalAd rakSeta sthalAd rakSet, rakSet zithila bandhanAt, mUrkha haste na dAtavyA, evaM badati pustikA / " "agne rakSet jalAd rakSet, mUSakebhyo vizeSataH / kaSTena likhitaM zAstra, yatnena paripAlayet" "udakAnila caurebhyo, mUSakebhyo hutAzanAt kaSTena likhitaM zAstra, yatnena paripAlayeta" ina zlokoM meM hastalekhoM ko naSTa karane vAlI vastuoM ke prati sAvadhAna rahane kA saMketa hai| jala se grantha kI rakSA karanI caahiye| jala kAgaja-patra ko galA detA hai, syAhI ko phailA detA hai yA dho detA hai aura grantha ko dhabbedAra banA detA hai, jala se dhAtu para morcA laga jAtA hai / sthala se bhI rakSA karanI hotI hai / kAgaja patra paradhUla par3a jAtI hai to vaha jIrNa hone lagatA hai, taDakane lagatA hai| sthala meM se dImaka prAdinikala kara grantha ko caTa kara jAte haiM, dhUla aura lU donoM hI grantha ko hAni pahuMcAte haiM / agni se grantha kI rakSA kI jAnI cAhiye, isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / cUhoM se grantha kI rakSA kA vizeSa prayatna honA cAhiye / grantha kI rakSA coroM se bhI karanI cAhiye / granthoM kI corI pahale hotI thI, aura Aja bhI hotI hai / hastalikhita grantha aAja atyanta mUlyAvAna sAmagrI mAnI jAtI hai, ataH hastalikhita grantha kI corI Aja usase bar3I dhana-rAzi pAne kI AzA se kI jAtI hai / ina hastalekhoM kA bAjAra Aja videzoM meM bhI bana gayA hai, ataH corI kA bhaya vizeSa bar3ha gayA hai| zloka meM isa bAta kI ora dhyAna dilAyA gayA hai ki zAstra grantha kaSTapUrvaka likhA jAtA hai, ataH yatnapUrvaka ina kI rakSA kI jAnI cAhiye / anya paramparAe~ bhAratIya hastalikhita granthoM meM lekhakoM dvArA kucha paramparAoM kA anusaraNa kiyA haijo isa prakAra haiM : sAmAnya 1. lekhana-dizA, 2. paMkti baddhatA, lipi kI mApa, 3. milita zabdAvalI, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #52
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA 33 4. virAma cihna 5. pRSTha saMkhyA, 6. saMzodhana, 7. chUTe aMza, 8. saMketAkSara, 9. aMka-muhara (Seal) ye pAMDulipiyoM meM nahIM lagAI jAtI thI, prAmANika banAne ke lie dAnapatroM Adi aura vaise hI zilA lekhoM meM lagAI jAtI thiiN| 10. lakhana dvArA aMka prayoga (zabda meM bhI) vizeSa viziSTa paramparAoM kA sambandha lekhakAM meM pracalita dhAraNAoM yA mAnyatAmoM se vidita hotA hai / ye nimna prakAra kI mAnI jA sakatI haiM : 1. maMgala-pratIka yA maMgalAcaraNa 2. alaMkaraNa (Illumination) 3. namokAra (Invocation) 4. svastimukha (Intiiation) 5. AzIrvacana (Benediction) 6. prazasti (Laudation) 7. puSpikA, upasaMhAra (Colophone, Conclusion) 8. varjanA (Imprecation) 9. lipikAra pratijJA 10. lekhanasamApti zubha zubhAzubha ___kucha bAteM lekhana meM zubha kucha azubha mAnI gaI haiM, ye bhI paramparA se prApta huI haiM : yathA 1. zubhAzubha prAkAra 2. zubhAzubha lekhanI 3. lekhana kA guNa-doSa ___4. lekhana-virAma meM zubhAzubha inameM se pratyeka para kucha vicAra Avazyaka haisAmAnya paramparAe~--ye ve haiM jo lekhana ke sAmAnya guNoM se sambandhita haiM / yathA : (1) lekhana-dizA-lekhana kI dizAe~ kaI ho sakatI haiN| 1-Upara se nIce kI ora, 2-dAhinI se bAIM ora, 3-bAyIM se dAhinI ora, 4-bAyIM se dAhinI aora pUna 1. cInI lipi / 2. kharoSThI lipi, phArasI lipi / 3. nAgarI (braahmii)| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #53
34 / pANDulipi - vijJAna dAhinI se bAMyI ora 12 5-nIce se Upara kI ora / bhAratIya lipiyoM meM brAhmI aura usase janita lipiyA~ bAMyI ora se dAhinI ora likhI jAtI haiM, hindI bhI isI paramparA meM devanAgarI yA nAgarI rUpa meM bAMyeM se dAMyeM likhI jAtI hai / kharoSThI dAMyeM se bAMyeM likhI jAtI hai, jaise ki phArasI lipi, jisameM urdU likhI jAtI hai / sAtha hI lekhana meM vAkya paMktiyA~ Upara se nIce kI ora calatI haiN| yahI bAta brAhmI, nAgarI Adi lipiyoM para lAgU hotI hai, kharoSThI, phArasI Adi para bhI / para svAta ke eka lekha meM kharoSThI nIce se Upara kI ora likhI gaI milatI hai / (2) paMktibaddhatA --- lipi ke akSaroM kI mApa : pahale bhAratIya lipiyoM meM akSaroM para ziro - rekhAe~ nahIM hotI thiiN| phira bhI, ve lekha paMkti meM bA~dha kara avazya likhe jAte the / yaha bAta mauryakAlIna zilAlekhoM se bhI prakaTa hotI hai / sabhI akSara bAe~ se dAe~ sIdhI par3I rekhAoM meM likhe gaye haiM, mAtrAe~ mUlAkSaroM se Upara lagAI gaI haiM / kucha vyatikrama avazya haiM, para ve pravRtti ko to spaSTa karate hI haiN| Age to rekhAoM ke cihna banAkara anya vidhi se sIdhI paMkti meM likhane ke sundara prayAsa milate haiM / rekhApATI yA kaMbikA ( rUla yA paTarI) kA upayoga isI nimitta granthoM meM kiyA jAtA thA / lipi ke akSaroM kI mApa bhI eka lekha meM ba~dhI huI milatI hai, kyoMki prAyaH pratyeka akSara lambAI-caur3AI meM samAna milatA hai / jisa prakAra zabda-pratizabda - baddha lekhana karate alaga bIca meM kucha avakAza de kara likhA (3) milita zabdAvalI - Aja hama haiM, jisameM eka zabda apane zabda rUpa meM dUsare jAtA hai, usa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM nahIM hotA thA, sabhI zabda eka dUsare se milA kara likhe jAte the / hama jAnate haiM ki yUnAnI prAcIna pAMDulipiyoM meM bhI milita zabdAvalI kA upayoga huA hai / " yahIM hameM vidita hotA hai ki 11vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hI amilita alaga-alaga sahI zabdoM meM likhane kI praNAlI yathArthataH pracalita huI / bhArata meM zilAlekhoM aura granthoM meM hI yaha milita zabdAvalI milatI hai / ise bhI hama paramparA kA hI pariNAma mAna sakate haiN| DaoN0 rAjabalI pAMDeya ne batAyA hai ki bhArata meM pRthaka-pRthaka zabdoM meM lekhana kI ora dhyAna isalie nahIM gayA kyoMki yahA~ bhASA kA vyAkaraNa aisA pUrNa thA ki zabdoM ko pahacAnane aura unake vAkyAntargata sambandhoM meM bhrama nahIM raha sakatA thA / kintu kyA 11vIM zatAbdI tathA yUnAnI granthoM meM milita zabdAvalI kA bhI yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ? hindI ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI milita zabdAvalI kI paramparA milatI hai / (4) virAma cihna * milita zabdAvalI kI paramparA meM virAma cihnoM (Punctuation) para bhI dhyAna nahIM jAtA / prAcIna korDeksa granthoM kI yUnAnI pAMDulipiyAM meM sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI I0 meM virAma cihnoM kA upayoga hone lagA thA / bhArata meM pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 pU0 se IsavI san taka kevala eka virAma cihna udbhAvita huA thA / daMDa, eka thAr3I lakIra / ise kabhI-kabhI kucha vakra [7] karake bhI likha diyA 1. bhArata meM kahIM-kahIM hI brAhmI lekhoM meM prayogAtmaka | 2. The text of Greek MSS was, with occasional exce ptions, written continuously without seperation of words, even when the words were written seperately, the dimentions were often incorrectly made.........." - The Encyclopaedia Americana (Vol 21), P. 166 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #54
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/35 jAtA thA / maMdasaura prazasti, (473-74 I0) meM virAma cihna kA niyamita upayoga huaa| isameM padya kI arddhAlI ke bAda eka daMDa (1) aura caraNa samApti para do daMDa (|) rakhe gaye haiM / Age inakA prayoga aura saMkhyA bhI bar3hI / bhArata meM milane vAle virAma cihna ye haiN| 1,I.T(yaha utara meM nahIM milatA). 21.74 .111 17.M.-, yA ) yA .. .......) ina cihnoM ke sAtha aMka tathA maMgala cihna bhI virAma cihna kI bhA~ti prayoga meM lAye jAte rahe haiN| (5) pRSTha saMkhyA-hastalikhita grantha meM yaha paramparA prApta hotI hai ki pRSTha ke aMka yA saMkhyA nahIM dI jAtI, kevala panne ke aMka diye jAte haiM / tAmra patroM para bhI aise hI aMka diye jAte the| yaha saMkhyA panne (patra) kI pITha vAle pRSTha para DAlI jAtI thI, isalie use sAMka pRSTha kahA jAtA thA, yoM kucha aisI pustakeM bhI haiM jinameM panne ke pahale pRSTha para hI aMka DAla diye gae haiN| kintu prazna yaha hai ki yaha pRSTha saMkhyA kisa rUpa meM DAlI jAtI thI ? isa sambandha meM munijI ne batAyA hai ki "tAr3apatrIya jaina pustakoM meM dAhinI ora Upara hAziye meM akSarAtmaka aMka aura bAMyI ora aMkAtmaka aMka diye jAte the| jaina cheda AgamAM aura unakI cUNiyoM meM pATha, prAyazcita, bhaMga, Adi kA nirdeza akSarAtmaka aMkoM meM karane kI paripATI thii| 'jina kalA sUtra' ke prAcArya zrI jina bhadrimariNa kSamA zramaNa kRta bhASya meM mUlasUtra kA gAthAMka akSarAtmaka aMkoM meM diyA gayA hai|" muni puNya vijaya jI ne akSarAMkoM ke lie jo sUcI dI hai vaha pRSTha 36 para hai| pRSTha 37 para aojhAjI kI sUcI hai| ina aMkoM ko dAna-patroM aura zilAlekhoM meM aura pAMDulipiyoM meM kisa prakAra likhA jAtA thA, yaha aojhA jI ne batAyA hai, jo yoM hai : "prAcIna zilA-lekhoM aura dAna-patroM meM saba aMka eka paMkti meM likhe jAte the parantu hastalikhita pustakoM ke patrAMkoM meM cInI akSaroM kI nAI eka dUsare ke nIce likhe milate haiM / I0 saM0 kI chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mi0 bAbara ke prApta kiye hue granthoM meM bhI patrAMka isI taraha eka-dUsare ke nIce likhe milate haiM / pichalI pustakoM meM eka hI panne para prAcIna aura navIna donoM zailiyoM se bhI aMka likhe milate haiM / panne ke dUsarI tarapha ke dAhinI ora ke Upara kI tarapha ke hAziye para to akSara saMketa se, jisako akSara-pallI kahate the, aura dAhinI tarapha ke nIce ke hAziye para navIna zailI ke aMkoM se, jinako aMka-pallI kahate the|" 1. I.pU. dUsarI zababdA se I0 sAtavIM taka yaha '' cinha, (daNDa) ke sthAna para prayukta hotA rahA hai / 2. IsavI san kI prathama se AThavIM zatAbdI taka do daNDoM ke sthAna para / 3. kuSANa kAla meM aura bAda meM 6 ke sthAna para / 4. muni zrI puNya vijayajI-bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 62 / vahI pRSTha 63 / bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA. pR. 108 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #55
36 pANDulipi-vijJAna 222 1=1. , gha.ma.zrI, zrI 2-2,na, ni, si,zrI.zI 3-3, ma.,zrI,zrI,zrI 4 ,ka, kA,:.rma,ka,kA,a.kA. 5-haha, na rtRsa,na,nA,tA..nA,nI 6-pharpha,phA,Dha, phra. ],phrA.A.phu.ka~,phu, , yara -7 grI .grA. 65,,kA,, e .I.30 daka aMka . 1-larnu gha,dhA 3.malA 4ptarma,pA,pta 5.8,9,86, 6chu, 7.ka. .gha. 8.7.67 (7:4.8.30 0.0 zataka aMka 1-su.K 2sU,sta,stra 3sA,sA,lA 4strAstrAsA 5o,moso 6-saM,naM , saM 7% straH saH.sU: For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #56
pANDulipi-grantha-racamA-prakriyA/37 mahAmahopAdhyAya gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda aojhA jI kI sUcI bhI 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA' se yahAM dI jAtI hai-1 1.e.kha aura U 2.dvi.sti aura na 3.ni.zrI aura maH 4.kR.5 I GkA,rAka,rArka.ka.ka.ka.(pke).ke.ke.aura pu 5.tu.rtR,,.ha aura nR 6-phra,phaM,F,ghra,bha, puM,vyA aura phla 7- gra, grA, gA, garbhA,gargA , aura bhra 8-DU.I ho, aura dU 6o,u~,U, uM, jai.a aura . 10.la.ka,rATa.a.a aura sau 20 tha,thA.rtha,rthA,gha,I,pta aura Sa 30-lalAla aura rlA 40-ptapta,ptA,ptA aura pra 50-6,5,6,E, aura Na 60- ,bu,ghu,thuthu..rtha, dhu, e aura ghu 70 cu.ca.dhUM aura ta co-97,5,7,27 aura pu 6008,6344aura 100 su.sa.lu aura aM 200 susU.se.A.lU aura yUM 300-stA,sAjhA,sA,su,su aura sU 400- sA,sto,aura stA 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA, pR. 107 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #57
38/pANDulipi-vijJAna nepAla, gujarAta, rAjapUtAnA Adi meM yaha akSara-krama I0 sa0 kI 16vIM zatAbdI taka kahIMkahIM mila jAtA hai| jaise ki, 33- lA, 100 4.102- pR.139- 1. 150-4.20E Adi / (6) saMzodhana :-saMzodhana kA eka pakSa to una pramAdoM se sAvadhAna karatA hai. jo lipikAra se ho jAte haiM, aura jisake kAraNa pATha bheda kI samasyA khar3I ho jAtI hai| yaha pAThAlocana ke kSetra kI bAta hai aura vahIM isakI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai| dUsarA pakSa hai hastalikhita granthoM meM lekhana kI truTi kA saMzodhana jo svayaM lipikAra ne kiyA hai / muni puNya vijaya jI ne aisI 16 prakAra kI truTiyA~ batAyI haiM, aura inheM ThIka karane yA inakA saMzodhana karane ke lie lipikAroM dvArA eka cihna-praNAlI apanAyI jAtI hai, usakA vivaraNa bhI unhoMne diyA hai| aisI truTiyoM ke solaha prakAra aura unake cihna nIce diye jAte haiM : truTinAma cihnanAma cihna - - - - x 1. patita pATha (kahIM patita pATha darzaka cihna ____A.V.x.x.x kisI akSara yA zabda ko 'haMsa paga' yA 'mora kA chUTa jAnA paga' kahA gayA hai| hindI 'patita pATha' hai) meM 'kAka pada' kahate haiM / 2. patita pATha vibhAga patita pATha vibhAga darzaka cihna 3. 'kAnA' [mAtrA kI kAnA darzaka cihna bhUla] 'repha ke samAna hone se bhrAnti ke kAraNa yaha bhI pATha-bhrAnti meM sahAyaka hotA hI hai| 4. anyAkSaraH [kinhIM anyAkSara vAcana darzaka W prAyaH samAna-sI cihna jisa akSara para yaha cihna lagA dhvani vAle akSaroM hogA, usakA zuddha akSara usa meM se anupayukta sthAna para mAnanA hogA / yathAH akSara likha diyA W gayA / satru / jahA~ sa para yaha cihna hai W ataH ise 'za' par3hanA hogA, khatriya par3hA jAyagA 'kSatriya' / pAThaparAvRtti darzaka cihna 2, 1 likhanA thA 'banacara' likha gaye 5. ulaTI-sulaTI likhAI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #58
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/39 ___ 1 2 3 'vacanara' to ise ThIka karane ke liye va ca ra likhA jaaygaa| cana kA artha hogA ki 'na' pahale 'ca' duje par3hA jaaygaa| adhika ulaTa sulaTa ho to kama se 3,4 aura anya aMkoM kA prayoga bhI ho sakatA hai| 6. svara-saMdhi kI bhUla svara saMdhyaMzadarzaka cihna a%5, A 7 . ss, i-ce66 I-I.. , 3-65. a.kara e:e. aie o-3, au ama aM7. pATha bheda* pATha bheda darzaka cihna pra0 pA0, pratyaM0 pAThAM0, pratyantareM pAThAMtara 8. pATha bheda pAThAnusaMdhAna darzaka cihna 3.... 33.paMna jaM. nI. paM.nI 9. milita padoM meM padaccheda darzaka cihna yA bhrAnti vAkyArtha samApti darzaka cihna yA pAda vibhAga darzaka cihna yaha milita padoM ke Upara lagAyA jAtA hai| 10. vibhAga-bhrAnti* vibhAga darzaka cihna 11. padaccheda bhrAMti* ekapada darzaka cihna aise do cihnoM ke bIca meM prastuta pada meM padaccheda-niSedha sUcita hotA hai| 11, 12, 13, 23, 32, 41, 53, 62, 73, 82 12. vibhakti vacana* bhrAMti vibhakti bacana darzaka cihna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #59
40/pANDulipi-vijJAna 2 ye cihna vibhakti aura ye jor3e se aMka pAte haiM, jinameM se vacana meM bhrAMti na ho pahalA aMka vibhakti-dyotaka (1 = isalie lagAye jAte haiN| prathamA 6 SaSThI Adi) tathA dUsarA vacana-dyotaka hotA hai / (1 = eka vacana, 2 = dvivacana, 3 = bahuvacana) jaise 11 kA artha hai prathamA eka vacana / / 13. padoM ke anvaya meM anvayadarzaka cihna zirobhAga para anvaya krama bhrAMti dyotaka aMka-yathA na tato'rthAntaraM 42 sva saMvedanaM pratyakSam yahA~ 1 saMkhyA vAlA pada pahale, 2 kA usake bAda, 3 usake bAda tathA usake bAda 4 aMka vAlA isa krama meM anvaya hotA hai / ThIka anvaya humA : tato'rthAntaraM pratyakSa na svasaMvedanam / 14. vizeSaNa-bhrama vizeSaNa vizeSya sambandha vizeSya-bhrama* darzaka cihna kabhI-kabhI vAkyoM meM, prAyaH lambe vAkyoM meM vizeSaNa kahIM aura vizeSya kahIM par3a jAtA hai taba ziropari lagAye gaye ukta cihnoM se vizeSaNa-vizeSya batAye jAte haiM, isase bhrAnti nahIM ho pAtI / kucha anya suvidhAoM ke lie kucha anya cihna bhI milate haiM jinase 'TippaNI' kA patA calatA hai, athavA kisI zabda kA kisI dUsare pada se viziSTa sambandha vidita ho jAtA hai / Upara ke vicaraNa se yaha bhI spaSTa hogA ki ye cihna do abhiprAya siddha karate haiM : eka to inase lipikAra kI truTiyoM kA saMzodhana ho jAtA hai, tathA dUsare, pAThaka ko pATha grahaNa karane meM suvidhA ho jAtI hai| hamane jina para puSpa (*) lagAe haiM, ve truTi mArjana ke lie nahIM, pAThaka kI suvidhA ke lie haiN| (7) chUTe aMza kI pUrti ke cihna bhUla se kabhI koI zabda, zabdAMza, yA vAkyAMza likhane se chUTa jAte haiM to usakI pUrti ke kaI upAya zilAlekhoM yA pAMDulipiyoM meM kiye gaye milate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #60
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pANDulipi-grantha racanA-prakriyA / 41 pahale jaisA azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai, jahA~ chUTa huI vahA~ usa vAkya ke Upara yA nIce chUTA huA aMza likha diyA jAtA thA / koI cihna vizeSa nahIM rahatA thA / phira Upara saMzodhaka cihnoM meM 'patita pATha darzaka cihna' batAyA gayA hai / ise haMsapaga, mora paga yA kA pada kahate haiM / ise chUTa ke sthAna para lagA kara chUTA pada paMkti ke Upara yA hAziye meM likha diyA jAtA hai / patita pATha kA artha hI chUTA huA pada hai / kA pada VAX L ye bhI haiM aura x + ye bhI haiM / www.kobatirth.org kintu kabhI-kabhI isa kaTTama (X + ) ke sthAna para svastika 5 kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / yaha bhI chUTa kA dyotaka hai aura kAka pada kA hI kAma karatA hai / kucha anya cihna 5 svastika kA upayoga kahIM-kahIM eka aura bAta ke lie bhI hotA AyA hai : jahA~ kahIM pratilipikAra ko artha aspaSTa rahatA hai, vaha samajha nahIM pAtA hai to vaha vahA~ yaha svastika lagA detA hai yA phira 'kuMDala' (O) lagA detA hai| kuMDala se vaha usa aMza ko ghera detA hai, jo use aspaSTa lagA yA samajha meM nahIM AyA / (4) saketAkSara yA 'saMkSipti cihna" (Abbreviations) bhArata meM zilAlekhoM tathA pAMDulipiyoM meM saMkSiptIkaraNa pUrvaka saMketAkSaroM kI paripATI AndhroM ghora kuSANoM ke samaya se vizeSa parilakSita hotI hai / vidvAnoM ne aise saMketAkSaroM kI sUcI apane granthoM meM dI hai / vaha yoM hai : 1. samvatsara ke lie samva, saMva, saM yA sa0 2. grISma 2 - grI0 (0) gaM0 gi0 yA gigahana 3. hemanta he0 4. divasa-di0 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pAda--pA0 zukla pakSa dina-su0 sudi0 yA suti0 / zukla pakSa ko zuddha bhI kahA jAtA hai / bahula pakSa dina- ba0, ba0di0, yA bati0 dvitIya- dvi0 siddham - pra0 zrI0 si0 rAuta - rA0 dUtaka - dU0 (saMdeza vAhaka yA pratinidhi) gAthA - gA0 zloka - zlo0 Thakkura-Tha0 1. yaha paryAya pro. vAsudeva upAdhyAya dvArA diyA gayA hai, prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 206 : .. upAdhyAya jI ne gRSma rUpa diyA hai / vahI, pR0 260 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #61
42/pANDulipi-vijJAna 15. eda0 / / yA erda0 |--'yoNkaar' kA cihna kucha logoM kA vicAra rahA hai ki yaha cihna saM0 980 hai / jaina-zAstra-lekhana isI saMvat se prArambha huA para muni puNyavijaya jI ise 'pro0' kA cihna mAnate haiM / ka // ye cihna kabhI-kabhI grantha kI samApti para lage milate haiN| ye 'pUrNa kumbha' ke dyotaka cihna haiM / jo 'maMgala vastu hai / -60,3-ke0,4. kinhIM-kinhIM pustakoM ke anta meM ye cihna milate haiM / muni puNyavijayajI kA vicAra hai ki pAMDulipiyoM meM adhyayana, uddezya, zrutaskaMdha, sarga, ucchavAsa, pariccheda, laMbhaka, kAMDa Adi kI samApti ko ekadama dhyAna meM baiThAne ke lie bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI citrAkRtiyA~ banAne kI paripATI thI, ye cihna bhI usI nimitta likhe gaye haiN| ((10) lekhaka dvArA aMka lekhana ___ Upara hama akSaroM se aMka lekhana kI bAta batA cuke haiM, para granthoM meM to zabdoM se aMka dyotana kI paripATI bahuta lokapriya vidita hotI hai / pAMDulipiyoM kI puSpikAnoM meM jahA~ racanA kAla Adi diyA gayA hai vahA~ kitane hI racayitAoM ne zabdoM se aMka kA kAma liyA hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI tathA anya dezI bhASAoM ke granthoM meM zabdoM se aMka sUcita karane kI paripuSTa praNAlI milatI hai / bhA0 jaina zrama0 saM0 tathA bhA0 prA0 li. mA0 meM 'aMkoM' ke lie upayoga meM Ane vAle zabdoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai / aojhA jI kA yaha prayatna prAcInatama hai, bhA0 jaina zra0 saM0 bAda kI kRti hai / donoM ke AdhAra para yaha sUcI yahA~ prastuta kI jAtI hai / yahA~ dhyAna rakhane kI bAta yaha hai ki pahale ikAI kI saMkhyA vAcaka phira dahAI evaM saikar3e va hajAra kI saMkhyA ke bodhaka zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai jaiseki pAda TippaNI kA bhAga (a) saMvat 1623 ko batA rahA hai / 1. kucha granthoM meM se udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM : 3 2 61 (a) guNanayanarasendu mite varSe bhAva prakaraNavi cUri : 78 4 1 (ba) muni vasu sAgara sitakara mita varSe samyaktva kaumudii| 1 181 (sa) saMvata masikRtavasu sasI Asvani miti tithi nAga, dina maMgala maMgala karana harata sakala dukha dAga / 4 181 (da) veda indu gaja bhU ganita saMvatsara kavicAra, zrAvana zukla trayodazI racyo grantha suvicAri / 6 7 7 1 (ya) rasa sAgara ravitaraMga vidha saMvata madhura vasaMta, vikasyo 'rasika rasAla' lakhi hulasata suhRda va santa' / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #62
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/43 0- zUnya, kha, gagana, AkAza, ambara, abhra, viyat, vyoma, antarikSa, nabha, pUrNa, randhra prAdi / + bindu, chidra / Adi, zazi, indu, vigha, candra, zItAMzu, zItarazmi, soma, zazAMka, sudhAMzu, abja, bhU, bhUmi, kSiti, dharA, urvarA, go, vasudharA, pRthvI, kSamA, dharaNI, vasudhA, ilA, ku, mahI, rUpa, pitAmaha, nAyaka, tanu, Adi / + kali, sitaruca, nizeza, nizAkara, auSadhIza, kSapAkara, dAkSAyaNI-prANeza, jaivAtRka / yama, yamala, azvina, nAsatya, dasra, locana, netra, akSi, dRSTi, cakSu, nayana, IkSaNa, pakSa, bAhu, kara, karNa, kuca, oSTha, gulpha, jAnu jaMghA, dvaya, dvandva, yugala, yugma, ayana, kuTumba, ravicandrau, grAdi / + zruti, zrotra / 3- rAma, guNa, triguNa, loka, trijagat bhuvana, kAla, trikAla, trigata, trinetra, sahodarA, agni, vahni, pAvaka, vaizvAnara, dahana, tapana, hutAzana, jvalana, zikhina, kRzAnu, hotR Adi / + tripadI, anala, tatva, traita, zakti, puSkara, saMdhyA, brahma, varNa, mvara, puruSa, artha, gupti / 4. veda, zruti, samudra, sAgara, abdhi, jaladhi, udadhi, jalanidhi, ambudhi, kendra, varNa, Azrama, yuga, turya, kRta, aya, pAya, diza, dizA, bandhu, koSTha, varNa Adi / + vAddhi, nIradhi, nIranidhi, vAridhi, vArinidhi, aMbunidhi, aMmodhi, arNava, dhyAna, gati, saMjJA, kaSAya / bANa, zara, sAyaka, iSu, bhUta, parva, prANa, pANDava, artha, viSaya, mahAbhUta, tattva, indriya, ratna Adi / + akSa, varma, vrata, samiti, kAmaguNa, zarIra, anuttara, mahAvrata, shivmukh| 6- rama, aMga, kAma, Rtu, mAsArtha, darzana, rAga, ari, zAstra, tarka kAraka, Adi / +samAsa, lezyA, kSamAkhaMDa, guNa, guhaka, guhavaktra / naga, aga, bhUbhRta, parvata, zaila, adri, giri, RSi, muni, atri, vAra, svara, dhAtu, azva, turaMga, vAji, dvandva, dhI, kalatra Adi / haya, bhaya, sAgara, jaladhi, loka / vasu, ahi, nAga, gaja, daMti, diggaja, hastin, mAtaMga, kuMjara, dvIpa, sarpa, takSa, siddhi, bhUti, anuSTubha, maMgala, Adi / + nAgendra, kari, mada, prabhAvaka, karmana, dhI guNa, buddhi guNa, siddha guNa / 9.- aMka, nanda, nidhi, graha, randhra, chidra, dvAra, go, pavana Adi / + khaga, hari, nArada, rava, tattva, brahma gupti, brahmavRti, graiveyaka / / 10- diza, dizA, AzA, aMguli, paMkti, kukubha, rAvaNaziraM, avatAra, karmana Adi / +yatidharma, zramaNadharma, prANa / 11- rudra, Izvara, hara, Iza, bhava, bharga, hUlina, mahAdeva, akSauhiNI Adi / + zUlina / 12- ravi, sUrya, arka, mArtaNDa, dhumaNi, bhAnu, Aditya, divAkara, mAsa, rAzi, vyaya Adi / +dinakara, uSNAMzu, cakrina, bhAvanA, bhikSu pratimA, yati pratimA / 13- vizvadevAH, kAma, atijagatI, aghoSa Adi / + vizva, kriyA sthAna, yakSaH / -14 manu, vidyA, indra, zakra, loka Adi / + vAsava, bhuvana, vizva, ratna, guNasthAna, pUrva, bhUtagrAma, rajju / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #63
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 18- dhRti, + zrabrahma, pApasthAnaka / 19- pratidhRti / 20 - 44 / pANDulipi - vijJAna 15- tithi, ghara, dina, grahna pakSa Adi / + paramArthika / 16- nRpa, bhUpa, bhUpati, aSTi, kalA, Adi / + indukalA, zazikalA / 17 pratyaSTi | 21 - 22 - nakha, kRti / utkRti, prakRti, svarga / kRti, jAti, + parISad | 23-- vikRti / 24 -- gAyatrI, jina, zrarhat, siddha / www.kobatirth.org do 25- tattva | 27- nakSatra, uDu, bha, ityAdi / 32 danta, rada + radana / 33 deva, amara, tridaNa, sura / naraka / 4048- jagatI / 49 tAna, pavana / + 64 strI kalA / +72 - puruSa kalA / yaha bAta yahA~ dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki eka hI zabda kaI aMkA ke paryAya ke rUpa meM AyA hai / udAharaNArtha -- tattva 3, 5, 9, 25 ke lie A sakatA hai / upayoga kartA aura artha karttA ko usakA ThIka artha anya sandarbhoM se lagAnA hogA / sAhitya meM bhI kavisamaya yA jAtA hai | sAhitya-zAstra ke eka grantha se jAtI hai jo 'kAvya kalpalatA vRtti' meM dI gayI hai / saMkhyA padArtha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAvya rUr3hi ke rUpa meM saMkhyA ko zabdoM dvArA batAyA yahA~ zabda aura saMkhyA viSayaka tAlikA uddhRta kI aguSTha, eka- Aditya, meru, candra, prAsAda, dIpadaNDa, kalaza, khaMga, hara netra, zeSa, svardaNDa, hastikara, nAsA, vaMza, vinAyaka -danta, patAkA, mana, zakrAzva, advaitavAda / bhuja, dRSTi, karNa, pAda, stana, saMdhyA, rAma-lakSmaNa, zrRMga, gajadanta, prIti rati, gaMgA-gaurI, vinAyaka -skanda, pakSa, nadItaTa, rathadhurI, khaMga-dhArA, bharata zatrughna, rAmasuta, ravi candra / tIna- bhuvana, vali, vahni, vidyA, saMdhyA, gaja-jAti, zambhunetra, trizirA, mauli, dazA, kSetrapAla - pharaNa, kAla, muni, daNDa, triphalA, trizUla, puruSa, palAza - dala, kAlidAsakAvya, veda, avasthA, kambugrIvArekhA, trikUTa-kUTa, tripura, triyAmA, yAmA, yajJopavIta sUtra, pradakSiNA, gupti, zalya, mudrA, praraNAma, ziva, bhavamArga, zumetara / cAra- brahmA ke mukha, veda, varga, haribhuja, sUra-gaja-rada, caturikA stambha, sagha, samudra, prAzrama, go-stana, zrAzrama kaSAya, dizAe~, gaja jAti, yAma, senA ke aMga, daNDa, hasta, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #64
EROS For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #65

Page #66
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA / 45 dazaratha-putra, upAdhyAya, dhyAna, kathA, abhinaya, rIti, gocaragA, mAlya, saMjJA, asura, bheda, yojanakroza, lokapAla / pAMca- svara, bANa, pANDava, indriya, karAMguli, zambhumukha, mahAyajJa, viSaya, vyAkaraNAMga, vrata-vahni, pArzva, phariNa-phaNa, parameSThi, mahAkAvya, sthAnaka, tanu-vAta, mRgazira, paMcakula, mahAbhUta, praNAma, paMcottara, vimAna, mahAvrata, marut, zastra, zrama, tArA / cha:- rasa, rAga, braja-koNa, trizirA ke netra, guNa, tarka, darzana, guhamukha / mAta- vivAha, pAtAla, zakravAha-mukha, durgati, samudra, bhaya, saptaparNa-parNa / pATha- dizA, deza, kumbhipAla, kula, parvata, zambhU-mUrti, vasu, yogAMga, vyAkaraNa, brahma, zruti ahikula / nau. sudhA-kuNDa, jaina padma, rasa, vyAghrI-stana, gupti, adhigrh| daza- rAvaNa-mukha, aMgulI, yati-dharma, zambhu, karNa, dizAe~, aMgadvAra, avasthA-daza / gyAraha- rudra, astra, netra, jinamatokta aMga, upAMga, dhruva, jinopAsaka, pratimA / vAraha- guha ke netra, rAziyA~, mAma, saMkrAntiyA~, Aditya, cakra, rAjA, cakri, sabhAsad / teraha--- prathama jina, vizvedeva / caudaha- vidyA-sthAna, svara, bhuvana, ratna, puruSa, svapna, jIvAjIvopakaraNa, guNa, mArga, rajju, sUtra, kula, kara, piNDa, prakRti, srotasvinI / pandraha- parama dhArmika tithiyA~, candrakalAe~ / solaha- zazikalA, vidyA deviyA~ / satraha- saMyama aTThAraha-vidyAe~, purANa, dvIpa, smRtiyA~ / unnIsa-jJAtAdhyayana bIsa- karazAkhA, sakala-jana-nakha aura aMguliyA~, rAvaNa ke netra aura bhujaaeN| zata- kamala dala, rAvaNA~guli, zatamukha, jaladhi-yojana, zatapatra-patra, Adima jina-suta, vRtarASTra ke putra, jayamAlA, mariNa hAra, sraja, kIcaka / sahasra- ahipati mukha, gaMgAmukha, paMkaja-dala, ravikara, indranetra, vizvAmitrAzrama varSa, arjuna-bhuja, sAmaveda kI zAkhAe~, puNya-nara-dRSTi-candra / 1 / yahA~ taka hamane sAmAnya paramparAoM kA ullekha diyA hai| vizeSa meM aisI paramparAe~ AtI haiM, jinake sAtha viziSTa bhAva aura dhAraNAe~ saMyukta rahatI haiM, inameM kucha prAnuSThAnika bhAva, TonA yA dhArmika sandarbha rahatA hai| sAtha hI granthetara koI anya abhiprAya bhI saMlagna rahatA hai / isa artha meM hamane 10 bAteM lI haiM : ___ (1) maMgala-pratIka : maMgala-pratIya yA maMgalAcaraNa-zilAlekha, lekha yA grantha likhane se pUrva maMgala-cihna yA pratIka jaise svastikaWan yA zabda baddha maMgala Adi aMkita karane kI prathA prathama zatAbdI I0pU0 ke antima caraNa me aura I0 prathama ke prArambha se milane lagatI hai| isase pUrva ke lekha binA maMgala-cihna, pratIka yA zabda ke sIdhe prArambha kara diye jAte the / maMgalAraMbha ke lie sabase pahale 'siddham' zabda kA prayoga huA, kira isake lie 1. hamane yaha tAlikA pro0 ramezacandra dube ke "bhAratIya sAhitya' (apraila, 1957) meM prakAzita (pR0 194-196) lekha se lI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #67
46 pANDulipi-vijJAna eka cihna parikalpita huaa| . pahale yaha cihna aura 'siddha' donoM sAtha-sAtha pAye phira alaga-alaga bhI inakA prayoga huaa| vastutaH yaha cihna 'oM0' 5 kA sthAnApanna hai / Age calakara 'iSTa siddham' kA upayoga huA bhI milatA hai, para 'siddham' bahuta lokapriya rahA / pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsavI meM eka aura pratIka maMgala ke lie kAma meM Ane lagA yaha thA 'svasti' / isake sAtha 'oma' bhI lagAyA jAtA thA, 'svasti' yA 'proma svasti' kabhI-kabhI 'proma' ke lie '1' kA prayoga bhI kara diyA jAtA thaa| __'prom', 'prom svasti' yA 'svasti' mAtra ke sAtha 'svasti zrImAn' bhI isI bhAva se likhA milatA hai| phira kitane hI maMgala pratIka milate haiM, jaise--svasti jayatyAviSkRtam, prom svAmI mahAsena prom svasti amara saMkAza, svasti jayatyamala, prom zrI svAmI mahAsena, om svasti jayatyAviSkRtam, aoma svasti jayazcAmyudayazca / prom namaH zivAya athavA namazzivAya, zrI om namaH zivAya, zrI prom namaH zivAbhyAm, prom prom namo vinAyakAya, om namo varAhAya, prom zrI Adi-vArAhAya namaH, prom namo devarAja-devAya, oma namaH sarvajJAya / ye zilAlekhoM Adi se prApta maMgala-pratIka haiN| para hastalekhoM-pADulipiyoM meM hameM 'jina' smaraNa milatA hai yA apane saMpradAya ke saMsthApaka kA 'prom nimbArkAya yA 'vAgdevI' kA smaraNa 'om sarasvatyaH namaH' aura sAmAnyataH "zrI gaNezAya namaH' milatA hai / rAma-sItA, kRSNa-rAdhA kA smaraNa bhI milatA hai| isa prakAra kI aneka vidhiyoM se pAMDulipiyoM meM maMgala zabda milate haiM jinakA kAla-krama nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jaisA ki zilAlekhoM ke maMgala vAcakoM kA huA hai| (2) namaskAra (Invocation)-Upara ke vivaraNa meM hama maMgala yA svasti ke sAtha 'namaskAra' ko bhI milA gaye haiM / 'namokAra' yA 'namaskAra' eka anya bhAvAzrita tattva hai / isako aMgrejI meM DaoN. pAMDeya ne INVOCATION (inavokezana) kA nAma diyA hai / vastutaH jisa mAMgalika zabda-pratIka meM 'namo'-kAra lagA ho vaha iMvokezana yA namokAra hI hai / sabase prAcIna namokAra khArabela ke hAthI-gubhphA vAle abhilekha meM AtA hai / sIdhe sAde rUpa meM 'namo arhatAnAm' evaM 'namo sarva siddhAnAm' AtA hai / zilAlekhoM meM jinako namaskAra kiyA gayA hai ve haiM-dharma, indra, saMkarSaNa, vAsudeva, candra, sUrya, mahimAvatAnAma, lokapAla, yama, varuNa, kubera, 1. isa sambandha meM muni puNyavijaya jI kA yaha kathana hai ki "bhAratIya Arya saMskRti nA anuyAyiyoM koI paNa kAryanI zurUAta kAMI na koI nAnu ke modu maMgala karIne jeja kare che zAzvata niyamAnusAra grantha lekhananA Arambha mA~ hareka lekhakoM meM nama aiM namaH jayatyanekAMtakaNThI ravaH, namo jinAya, namaH zrI gurubhyaH, namo bItarAgAyaH, OM namaH sarasvatyai, namaH sarvajJAya, namaH zrI siddhArthasUtAya ityAdi aneka prakAranA deva guru dharma iSTadevatA Adi ne lagatA sAmAnya ke vizeSa maMgalasUcaka namaskAra karatA jaganA.........." -bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, dhR.57-581 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #68
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA - prakriyA 47 vAsava, arhata, varddhamAna, buddha, bhAgavata-buddha, saMbuddha, bhAskara, viSNu, garur3a, ketu (viSNu) ziva, pinAkI, zUlapANi, brahmA grAryA vasudhArA (bauddhadevI ) / hindI pAMDulipiyoM meM yaha namokAra vividha devI - devatAoM se sambandhita to hotA hI hai, sampradAya pravarttaka guruyoM ke lie bhI hotA hai / (3) zrAzIrvAcana yA maMgala kAmanA (Benediction) yoM to 'maMgala kAmanA' ke bIja-rUpa azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI mila jAte haiM kintu IsavI san kI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM maMgalakAmanA kA rUpa nikharA aura yaha vizeSa lokapriya hone lagI / vastutaH gupta-kAla meM isakA vikAsa huA aura bhAratIya itihAsa ke madhyayuga meM yaha paripATI apanI carama sImA taka pahu~ca gii| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (4) prazasti (Laudation ) -- kiye gaye kArya kI prazaMsA aura usake zubha phala kA ullekha prazasti meM hotA hai, isameM zubha kArya ke karttA kI prazasti bhI garbhita rahatI hai / isakA bIja to azoka ke abhilekhoM meM bhI mila jAtA hai / inameM naitika aura dhArmika kRtyAM phalataH unake karttAoM kI santulita prazasti yA prazaMsA milatI hai / gupta evaM vAkATaka kAla meM prazasti-lekhana eka niyamita kArya bana gayA aura isameM vistAra bhI A gayA, inameM dAnadAtAoM kI prazaMsA ke sAtha unheM amuka divya phala kI prApti hogI, vaha bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| Age cala kara dharma zAstroM evaM smRtiyoM ke bhI pAvana kArya kI prazaMsA meM uddhRta kiye gaye milate haiM yathA : bahubhirvasudhA dattA rAjabhissagarAdibhi: yasya yasya yadA bhUmistasya tasya tadA phalam / / SaSTi varSa sahasrAriNa : svarge modeta bhUmidaH / (dAmodarapura tAmrapatrAnuvAstave ) 1 vidyApati kI kIrtilatA meM yaha prazasti aMza isa prakAra AyA hai : gehe gehe kalo kAvyaM, zrotAtasya pure pure || deze deze rasajJAtA, dAtA jagati durlabhaH ||2|| 2 bAda meM yaha paramparA lakIra pITane kI bhA~ti raha gaI / (5) varjanA - nindA - zApa ( Imprecation ) - isakA artha hotA hai kisI duSkRtya kI avamAnanA yA bhartsanA, jise zApa ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai / ise kisI zilAlekha, anuzAsana, yA grantha meM likhane kA abhiprAya yahI hotA thA ki koI ukta duSkRtya na kare jisase vaha zApa kA bhAgI bana jAye / aisI nindA ke bIja hameM azokAbhilekhoM meM bhI milate haiM - yathA, yaha parisrava hai jo prapuNya hai ( esatu pIrastave ya (Ja) / nindA yA zApa vAkyoM kA niyamita prayoga cauthI zatAbdI IsavI se hone lagA thA / chaThI se terahavIM IsavI zatAbdI ke bIca yaha nindA-paramparA lakIra pITane kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai / bAda meM kucha zilAlekhoM meM isake sthAna para kevala 'gaDhe galasa' 1. Pandey, R. B.-Indian Palaeography, p. 163. 2. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa (saM.) - kIrtilatA, pR0 4. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #69
48 pANDulipi-vijJAna arthAt 'padahA zApa' gaMvArU gAlI ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai aura eka meM to gadahe kA hI rekhAMkana kara diyA gayA hai / bhAratIya madhya-yugIna bhASAoM kI kAvya-paraMparA meM khala-niMdA kA bhI yaho sthAna hai| isake dvArA azobhanIya kArya na karane kI varjanA abhipreta hotI hai| (6) upasaMhAra : puSpikA--- upasaMhAra yA samApti kI puSpikA meM ina bAtoM kA mamAveza rahatA thA--- (1) racanAkAra--(kavi Adi) kA nAma, lekhAdi ko anuSThita karAne vAle yA anuSThAtA kA nAma, utkIrNa kartA kA nAma, dUtaka kA nAma / (2) kAla-racanA kAla, tithi Adi, lekhana kAla, pratilipi kAla / 13) svastivacana--yathA : evaM saMgara-sAhasa-pramathana prArabdha labdhodayA 12581 puSNAti zriyamAzAzaMkagharaNIM zrI kIrtisiMhonRpaH 12591 (4) nimitta(5) samarpaNa, yathA-mAdhurya-prabhavasthalI guru yazo-vistAra zikSA sakhI yAvadvizvamidaJca khelatu kavevidyApratebhAratI / / (6) stuti---- (7) nindA(8) rAjAjJA---[jisase yaha kRti yo prastuta kI gaI] yathA-saMvat 747 vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA tithii| zrI zrI jaya jaga jjyotirmalla-deva-bhUpAnAmAjJayA daivajJa-nArAyaNa-siMhena likhitamidaM pustakaM sampUrNamiti zivam zubhAzubha bhAratIya paramparA meM pratyeka bAta ke sAtha zubhAzubha kisI na kisI rUpa meM jur3A hI huA hai| grantha-racanA kI prakriyA meM bhI isakA yoga hai / pustaka kA parimAraNa kyA ho, isa sambandha meM 'yoginI tantra' meM yaha ullekha hai : mAnaM vakSye pustakasya zrRNu devi samAsataH / mAnenApi phalaM vidyAdamAne zrIhaMtA bhavet / hastamAnaM puSTimAna mA bAhu dvAdazAM gulam / dazAMgulaM tathASTau catato hInaM na kArayet / isameM vidhAna hai ki parimANa meM pustaka hAtha bhara, muTThI bhara, bAraha uMgalI bhara, dasa u~galI bhara aura pATha u~galI bhara taka kI ho sakatI hai| isase kama hone se 'zrI hInatA' kA phala milatA hai| zrI hIna honA azubha hai| __ kaise patra para likhA jAya ? 'yoginI tantra' meM batAyA hai ki bhUrjapatra, tejapatra, tAr3apatra, svarNapatra, tAmrapatra, ketakI patra, mAtaMNDa patra, raupyapatra, baTa-patra para pustaka likhI jA sakatI hai, anya kisI patra para likhane se durgati hotI hai| jina patroM kA Upara ullekha huA hai una para likhanA zubha hai, anya para likhanA azubha hai / 1. agavAla, vAsudevazaraNa (saM.)-kItilatA. pR0 314 // For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #70

Page #71

Page #72
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/49 isI prakAra 'veda' ko pustaka rUpa meM likhanA niSiddha batAyA gayA hai| jo vyakti likha kara vedAM kA pATha karatA hai use brahmahatyA lagatI hai, aura ghara meM likhA huA veda rakhA huA ho to usa para vajrapAta hotA hai| lekhaka virAma meM zubhAzubha bhA0 jai0 zra0 saM0 meM zubhAzubha kI eka aura paramparA kA ullekha huA hai / yadi lekhaka yA pratilipikAra likhate-likhate bIca meM kisI kArya meM lekhana-virAma karanA cAhatA hai to use zubhAzubha kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye / use ka, kha, ga, ca, cha, ja, Tha, Dha, Na, tha, da, dha, na, pha, bha, ma, ya, ra, Sa, sa, ha, kSa, ja para nahIM rukanA cAhiye / ina para rukanA azubha mAnA gayA hai / zeSa meM se kisI bhI akSara para rukanA zubha hai| azubha akSaroM ke sambandha meM alaga-alaga akSara kI phala zruti bho unhoMne dI hai| 'ka' kaTa jAve, 'kha' khA jAve, 'ga' garama hove, 'ca' cala jAve, 'cha, chaTaka jAve, 'ja' jokhima lAve, 'Tha' ThAma na baiThe, 'Dha' Dhaha jAye, 'raNa' hAni kare, 'tha' thiratA yA sthiratA kare, 'da' dAma na de, 'dha' dhana chur3Ave, 'na' nAza yA nAThi kare, 'pha' phaTakAre, 'bha' bhramAve, 'ma' maThThA yA manda hai, 'ya' punaH na likhe, 'ra' rode, 'Sa' khicAve, sandeha dhare, 'ha' hIna ho, 'kSa' kSaya kare, 'jJa' jJAna na ho| jinheM zubha mAnA gayA hai unakI phala-zruti isa prakAra hai : 'gha' gharur3I lAve, "jha' jhaTa kare, 'Ta' TakAvI (?) rAkhe, 'Da' Dige nahIM, 'ta' turanta lAve, 'pa' paramezvara kA hai, 'ba' baniyA hai, 'la' lAve, 'va' vAve (?), 'za' zAnti kre| isameM mAravAr3a kI eka aura paramparA kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vahA~ 'va' akSara Ane para hI lekhana-virAma kiyA jAtA hai aura bahuta jaldI uThanA Avazyaka huA to eka anya kAgaja para 'va' likha kara uThate haiM / zubhAzubha sambandhI sabhI bAteM andha-vizvAsa mAnI jAyeMgI para grantha-racanA yA grantha-lekhana yA pratilipikaraNa meM ye paramparAe~ milatI haiM, ataH pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke jAnArthI ke lie yahA~ dedI gaI haiN| bhAratIya bhAvadhArA ke anusAra lekhana prakriyA meM Ane vAlI sabhI vastuoM ke sAtha guNa-doSa yA zubha-azubha kI mAnyatA se eka Tone yA anuSThAna kI bhAvanA guthI rahatI hai / isI prakAra 'lekhana' ke lie jo anivArya upakaraNa hai usa lekhanI ke sAtha bhI yaha dhArmika bhAvanA hameM granthoM meM variNata milatI hai : lekhanI : zubhAzubha lekhanI ke sambandha meM ye pracalita zloka "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA' meM diye gaye haiM : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #73
50/pANDulipi-vijJAna brAhmaNI zvetavarNAca, raktavarNAca kSatriNI, baizyavI pItavarNAcaH, AsurI zyAmalekhinI / / 1 / / zteve sukhaM vijAnIyAt, rakta daridratA bhavet / pIte ca puSkalA lakSmIH, AsurI kSayakAriNI / / 2 / / citAne harate putramAdhomukhI harate dhanam / vAme ca harate vidyAM dakSiNAM lekhinI likhet / / 3 / / agra granthiharedAyurmadhya granthihareddhanam / pRSThagranthihareta sarva nigranthiM lekhinI likhet / / 4 / / navAMgulamitA zreSThA, aSTau vA yadi vA'dhikA, legvinI lekhayennityaM dhana-dhAnya samAgamaH 151 iti lekhinI vicAraH / / aSTAGa gulapramANena, lekhinI sukhadAyinI, hInAyAH hInaM karmasyAdadhikasyAdhikaM phalam / / 1 / / Adya granthIharedAyumadhya granthI hareddhanam / antya granthIharensokhyaM, nirgranthI lekhinI zubhA / / mAthe granthI mata (mati) hare, bIca granthI dhana khAya, cAra tasunI lekhaNe lakhanArA kaTa jAya / 113 ina zlokoM se vidita hotA hai ki lekhanI ke raMga, usase likhane ke DhaMga, lekhanI meM gAMThe, lekhanI kI lambAI Adi sabhI para zubhAzubha phala batAye gaye haiM, raMga kA sambandha varga se jor3a kara lekhanI ko bhI cAturvarNya vyavasthA kA mAnA gayA hai : sapheda varNa kI lekhanI brAhmaNI -isakA phala hai sukha lAla varNa kI kSatrANI -isakA phala hai daridratA pIle varNa kI vaizyavI -isakA phala hai puSkala dhana, zyAma varNa kI AsurI hotI hai evaM isakA phala hotA hai dhana-nAza / kintu isa samasta zubha-azubha ke antaraMga meM yathArtha artha yahI hai ki nirdoSa lekhanI hI sarvottama hotI hai, usI se lekhaka ko lekhana karanA ucita hai / vaise 'lekhanI' eka sAmAnya zabda hai, jisakA prayoga tUlikA, zalAkA, varNavartikA, variNakA aura varNaka sabhI ke lie hotA thA / patthara aura dhAtu para akSara 1. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 34 / 2. yaha praloka sva. cimanalAla da. dalAla dvArA sampAdita 'lekha paddhati' meM bhI AyA hai| 3. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 34 / 4. dazakumAra carita meM / 5. kozoM meN| 6. lalita-vistara meN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #74
pANDulipi - grantha racanA-prakriyA / 51 utkIrNa karane vAlI zalAkA bhI lekhanI hai / citrAMkana karane vAlI kUMcI tUlikA bhI lekhanI hai, ataH lekhanI kA artha bahuta vyApaka hai / lekhana ke anya upakaraNoM ke nAma Upara diye jA cuke haiM / bUhalara ne batAyA hai ki "The general name of 'an instrument for writing' is lekhani, which of course includes the stilus, pencils, brushes, reed and wooden pens and is found already in epics" narasala yA neje kI lekhanI kA prayoga vizeSa rhaa| ise 'kalama' kahA jAtA hai / 2 isake lie bhAratIya nAma hai iSIkA yA ISikA jisakA zabdArtha hai narasala ( reed ) / DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandra ojhA jI ne apanI prasiddha pustaka meM kalama zIrSaka se yaha sUcanA dI hai ki : "vidyArthI loga prAcIna kAla se hI lakar3I ke pAToM para lakar3I kI gola tIkhe mukha kI kalama (varNaka) se likhate cale Ate haiM / syAhI se pustakeM likhane ke lie naDa (ba) yA bA~sa kI kalameM (lekhanI) kAma meM zrAtI haiN| ajaMtA kI guphAoM meM jo raMgoM se lekha likhe gaye haiM ve mahIna bAloM kI kalamoM (vartikA) se likhe gaye hoMge / dakSiNI zailI ke tAr3apatroM ke akSara kucarane ke lie lohe kI tIce gola mukha kI kalama ( zalAkA) aba taka kAma meM AtI hai / koI-koI jyotiSI janmapatra aura varSaphala ke kharar3oM ke lambe hAziye lAte haiM, jisakA Upara tathA Ar3I lakIreM banAne meM lohe kI kA bhAga gola aura nIce kA syAhI ke Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kalama ko aba taka kAma parakAra jaisA hotA hai / pAzcAtya jagat meM eka ora to pattharoM aura zilAoM meM utkIrNa karane ke lie chainI (Chisel ) ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, vahIM lekhanI ke lie paMkha ( para yA pakSa), narasala yA dhAtu zalAkA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / pAzcAtya jagat meM paMkha kI lekhanI kA prAcInatama ullekha 7 vIM zatI I0 meM milatA hai 14 koDeksa Adhunika pustaka kA pUrvaja hai / yaha eka prakAra se do yA adhika kASThapATiyoM se banatI thI / ye kASTha pATiyA~ eka chora para chedoM meM se lauha challoM se jur3I rahatI thIM / ina para moma bichA rahatA thaa| isa para eka dhAtu zalAkA se khuraca kara yA kureda (ukera) kara akSara likhe jAte the / 'One wrote or scratched (which is the original meaning of the word) with a sharply pointed instrument, the stylus which had at the other end a flat little spatula for erasing, like the eraser at the end of the modern pencil'.5 yaha sTAilasa ojhA jI kI batAI zalAkA jaisI hI vidita hotI hai| isI se momapATI para akSara utkIrNa kiye jAte the / 1. Buhler, G.-Indian Palaeography, p. 147. 2. vahIM, 147 / 3. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 157 4. 5. Encyclopaedia Americana (Vol. 18), p. 241. Op. cit., (Vol. 4), p. 225. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #75
52/pANDulipi-vijJAna syAhI zrI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA ke zabdoM meM 'syAhI' viSayaka carcA kI bhUmikA yoM dI jA sakatI hai-- yoM to grantha likhane ke lie kaI prakAra kI syAhiyoM kA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai parantu sAmAnya rUpa se lekhana ke lie kAlI syAhI hI sArvatrika rUpa meM kAma meM lAI gaI hai / kAlI syAhI ko prAcInatama saMskRta meM 'maSI' yA 'masi' zabda se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / isakA prayoga bahuta pahale se hI zurU ho gayA thaa| jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kazyapa RSi ke vaMzaja rAjA ikSvAku ke kula meM nAbhi nAmaka rAjA huA / usakI rAnI marudevI se RSabha nAmaka putra utpanna huA / yaha RSabha hI nAbheya RSabhadeva nAma se jainoM meM Adi tIrthaGkara mAne jAte haiM / kahate haiM ki AdinAtha RSabhadeva se pUrva pRthvI para varSA nahIM hotI thI, agni kI bhI utpatti nahIM huI thI, koI ka~TIlA vRkSa nahIM thA aura saMsAra meM vidyA tathA caturAIyukta vyavasAyoM kA nAma bhI nahIM thA / RSabha ne manuSyoM ko tIna prakAra ke karma sikhAye-1. asikarma arthAt yuddha vidyA, 2. masikarma arthAt syAhI kA prayoga karake likhane-par3hane kI vidyA, aura 3. kRSi karma arthAt khetI-bAr3I kA kAma / ise cAturvarNya vyavasthA kA hI rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai / antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa pUrva aura IsA se 526 varSa pUrva mAnA gayA hai / kahate haiM ki isase 3 varSa ATha mAsa aura do saptAha bAda pA~caveM Are kA prArambha huA hai jo 21 hajAra varSa taka clegaa| isase maSI karma ke prArambha kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / masi, mazi yA maSI kA artha kajjala hai / 'masI kajjalam', melA masI patrAMjana ca syAnmasiddha yorisi trikANDazeSaH' / kAlI syAhI ke nirmANa meM bhI kajjala hI pramukha vastu hai / isIliye syAhI ke lie bhI maSI zabda prayukta huA hai / kAlI syAhI banAne ke kaI nuskhe milate haiN| unameM kajjala kA prayoga sarvatra dikhAI detA hai / eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhiye ki tAr3a-patra aura kAgaja para likhane kI kAlI syAhiyA~ banAne ke prakAroM meM bhI antara hai / tAr3apatra vAstava meM kASTha jAti kA hotA hai aura kAgaja kI banAvaTa isase bhinna hotI hai / isIlie ina para likhane kI syAhI ke nirmANa meM bhI yatkiMcit bhinnatA hai| syAhI banAne meM kajjala aura jala ke atirikta anya upakaraNoM kA mizraNa karane kI kalpanA bAda kI hogI / prAcIna ullekhoM meM kevala jala aura kajjala ke hI sandarbha milate haiN| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki ina donoM ke atirikta anya vastuoM kI gaNatA rahI ho / puSpadanta viracita mahimnaHstotra ke eka zloka meM syAhI, kalama, davAta aura patra kA sandarbha hai : asitagirisamaM syAt kajjalaM sindhupAtre surataruvarazAkhA lekhanI patramurvI / likhati yadi gRhIttvA zAradA sarvakAlaM tadapi tava guNAnamIza pAraM na yAti / / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #76
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA / 53 arthAt zvetagiri (himAlaya) jitanA bar3A Dhera kajjala kA ho, jise samudra jitane bar3e pAnI se bhare pAtra (davAta) meM gholA jAya, deva vRkSa ( kalpa vRkSa) kI zAkhAoM se lekhanI banAI jAya (jo kabhI samApta na ho) aura samasta pRthvI ko patra (kAgaja) banAkara zAradA ( svayaM sarasvatI) likhane baiThe aura nirantara likhatI rahe to bhI he Iza ! tumhAre guggoM kA pAra nahIM hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir himna stotra kA racanAkAla 9vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA mAnA gayA hai kintu ukta lokako prakSipta mAnakara kahA gayA hai ki mUla stotra ke to 31 hI zloka haiM jo amarezvara ke mandira meM utkIrNa pAye gaye haiM / 15 zloka bAda meM stotra pAThakoM dvArA jor3a liye gaye haiM / 1 parantu yaha nizcita hai ki vistRta patra aura syAhI yadi lekhana ke prAvazyaka upakaraNAM ke vyApaka prayoga ke pramANa 8vIM zatAbdI ke mAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hote haiMsubandhu kRta 'vAsavadattA' kathA meM bhI eka aisA hI uddharaNa milatA hai| 'tvatkRte yAnayA vedAnubhUtA sA yadi namaH lipika rAyate bhujagapatirvAkkathakaH tadA kimapi kathyate vA 12 patrAyate sAgaroM lolAyate brahmA kathamapyekekairyu sahasraM rabhi likhyate arthAt Apake lie isane jisa vedanA kA anubhava kiyA hai usako yadi svayaM brahmA likhane baiThe, lipikAra bane, bhujagapati zeSanAga bolane vAlA ho ( sA~pa kI jIbha jaldI calatI hai) aura likhane vAlA itanI jaldI-jaldI likhe ki kalama Dubone se sAgara rUpI davAta meM halacala maca jAye to bhI koI eka hajAra yuga meM thor3A bahuta hI likhA jA sakatA hai / pAzcAtya jagat meM hameM prAcInatama syAhI kAlI hI vidita hotI hai| sAtavIM zatI IsvI se kAlI syAhI ke lekha mila jAte haiM / yaha syAhI dIpaka ke kAjala yA ghuye seto banatI hI thI, hAthI dA~ta ko jalAkara bhI banAyI jAtI thI / koyalA bhI kAma meM AtA thA / " bahuta camacamAtI lAla syAhI kA upayoga bhI hotA thA, vizeSataH prArambhika prakSaroM ke lekhana meM tathA prathama paMkti bhI prAyaH lAla syAhI se hotI thI / nIlI syAhI kA bhI nitAMta prabhAva nahIM thA / harI aura pIlI syAhI kA upayoga jaba kabhI hI hotA thA / sone aura cAMdI se bhI pustakeM likhI jAtI thIM / bhArata meM hastalekhoM kI syAhI' kA raMga bahuta pakkA banAyA jAtA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaisI pakkI syAhI se likhe granthoM ke lekhana meM camaka aba taka banI huI hai / vividha prakAra kI syAhI banAne ke nuskhe vividha granthoM meM diye hue haiN| vaise kaccI 1. Brown, W. Normon-The Mahimnastava (Introduction). p. 4-6. 2. zukla, jayadeva (saM.) - vAsavadattA kathA, pR. 39 3. The Encyclopaedia Americana (Vol. 18 ), p. 241. 4. bhArata meM syAhI kA paryAyavAcI masI yA maSI thA / prAcIna kAla meM inhIM kA upayoga hotA thA / I. pU. . ke grantha 'gRhya-sUtra' meM yaha zabda AyA hai / 'masI' kA artha DaoN. rAjavalI pAMDeya ne batAyA haimasalakara banAI huI / vhUlara ne isakA artha cUrNa yA pAuDara banAyA hai / syAhI ke lie eka dUsarA 'melA' zabda bhI prAcIna kAla meM kahIM-kahIM prayoga meM AtA thaa| vhUlara ne 'melA' kI vyutpatti 'malA' namAnI hai| melA = dirty : black : gaMdA yA kaalaa| DaoN0 pANDeya ne ThIka batAyA hai ki yaha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #77
54 / pANDulipi - vijJAna syAhI bhI banAI jAtI rahI hai| pakkI aura kaccI syAhI ke antara kA eka rocaka aitihAsika kathAMza 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA' meM DaoN0 projhA ne diyA hai / vaha vRtta dvitIya rAjataraMgiNI ke karttA jonarAja dvArA diyA gayA hai aura unake apane hI eka mukadameM se sambandhita hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir janarAja ke dAdA ne eka prastha bhUmi kisI ko becI / unakI mRtyu ho jAne para kharIdane vAle ne jAla racA / vainAme meM thA - - 'bhUprasthamekaM vikrItam' / kharIdane vAle ne use 'bhUprastha dazakaM vikrItam' kara diyA / jonarAja ne yaha mAmalA rAjA jainollAbhadIna ke samakSa rakhA / usane usa bhUrja-patra ko pAnI meM DAla diyA / phala yaha huA ki naye akSara dhula gae aura purAne ubhara Aye, jonarAja jIta ge| " ( jonarAjakRta rAjataraMgiNI zloka 1025-37 ) / pratIta hotA hai ki naye akSara kaccI syAhI se likhe gaye the, pahale akSara pakkI syAhI ke the / bhojapatra ko pAnI meM dhone se pakkI syAhI nahIM dhulatI,, varan aura adhika camaka uThatI hai / kaccI-pakkI syAhiyoM ke bhI kaI nuskhe milate haiM : "1 "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA" meM batAyA hai ki pahale tAr3a-patra para likhA jAtA thA / tIna-cAra sau varSa pUrva tAr3a-patra para likhane kI syAhI kA ullekha milatA hai / ye syAhiyA~ kaI prakAra se banatI thIM- "bhAratIya jaina zramaraNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA' meM ye nuskhe diye hue haiM jo isa prakAra haiM : prathama prakAra : sahavara-bhRMga triphalaH, kAsIsaM lohameva nIlI ca samakajjala - bolayutA, bhavati maSI tADapatrANAm || vyAkhyA - sahavareti kAMTAse harI o ( ghemAso) bhRgeti bhAMgura / triphalA prasiddhaiva / kAsIsamiti kasIsam, yena kASThAdi rajyate / lohamiti lohacUrNam / nIlIti galI niSpAdako vRkSa: teMdrarasaH / rasaM vinA sarveSAmutkalya kvAthaH kriyate sa ca raso'pi samavartita kajjala- bolayormadhye nikSipyate, tatastADapatramaSI bhavatIti / yaha syAhI tAmbe kI kar3hAhI meM khUba ghoTI jAnI cAhie 12 dUsarA prakAra : kAjala pA (po) iNa bola (bIjA bola), bhUmilayA yA jala mogarA ( ? ) thor3A pArA, inheM USNa jala meM milA kara tA~be kI kar3hAI meM DAla kara sAta dina aisA ghoTeM ki saba eka ho jAya / taba isakI bar3iyA~ banA kara sukhA leN| syAhI kI AvazyakatA par3ane para bar3iyoM ko AvazyakatAnusAra garma pAnI meM khUba masala kara syAhI banAleM / isa syAhI se likhe akSara rAta meM bhI dina kI bhA~ti hI par3he jA sakate haiM / zabda 'melA' nahIM 'melA' hI hai jo mela se banA hai / syAhI meM vividha vastuoM kA mela hotA hai / syAhI - syAhakAlA se vyutpatra hai, para isakA artha-vistAra ho gayA hai / - vhUlara, pR. 146 tathA DaoN. rAjabalI pAMDeya, pR. 84. niArkaSa aura kyU. kardiyasa jaise yUnAnI lekhakoM kI sAkSiyoM se yaha siddha hai ki bhAratIya kAgaja aura kapar3e para syAhI se hI likhate the / yaha sAkSI 4thI zatI I. pU. kI hai| 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 155 ( pAda TippaNI) / 2. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 38 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #78
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/55 tIsarA prakAra: koraDae vi sarAve, aMguliyA koraDammi kajjalae / maddaha sarAvalaggaM, jAvaM ciya ci (vaka) gaM muai / picumaMda guMdalesaM, khAyara gudaM va bIyajala missaM / bhijjavi toeNa daDhaM, maddaha jAtaM jalaM musi| arthAt naye kAjala ko sarave (sakore) meM rakhakara U~galiyoM se use itanA maleM yA ragar3eM ki sarave se lagakara usakA cikanApana chUTa jAya / taba nIma ke goMda yA khera ke goMda aura viyAjala ke mizraNa meM ukta kAjala ko milAkara itanA ghoTeM ki pAnI sUkha jAye phira var3iyA banA leN| cauthA prakAra : niryAsAt vicumaMda jAt dviguriNato bolastataH kajjalaM, saMjAtaM tilatailato hutavahe tIvratape marditam / pAtre zUlbamaye tathA zana (?) jalaikSi ramai vitaH, sadbhallAtaka-mRgarAja rasayuto samyag raso'yaM mssii|| arthAta nIma kA goMda, usase dugunA bIjAbola, usase dugunA tiloM ke tela kA kAjala leN| tA~be kI kar3hAhI meM teja AMca para inheM khUba ghoMTa aura usameM jala tathA alatA (lAkSArasa) ko thor3A-thor3A karake sau bhAvanAe~ deM aura acchI syAho banAne ke lie isameM zodhA huaA bhilAvA tathA bhaoNgare kA rasa DAleM / / pA~cavA prakAra : pA~caveM prakAra kI syAhI kA upayoga brahma deza, karnATaka Adi dezoM meM tAr3a-patra para likhane meM hotA thaa| Upara ke sabhI prakAra tAr3a-patra para likhane kI syAhI ke hai / bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 38-40. zloka meM to yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki ukta mizraNa ko kitanI dera dhoTanA cAhie parantu jayapura meM kucha parivAra syAhI vAle hI kahalAte haiN| tripoliyA ke bAhara hI unakI prasiddha dukAna thii| vahA~ eka kArakhAne ke rUpa meM syAhI banAne kA kArya calatA thaa| mahArAjA ke pothIkhAne meM bhI 'sarabarA. kAra' syAhI taiyAra kiyA karate the| ina logoM se pUchane para jJAta huA ki syAhI kI ghaTAI kama se kama ATha pahara honI cAhie / mAtrA adhika hone para adhika samaya taka ghoTanA caahie| -gopAlanArAyaNa bahurA 3. pahale kaha cuke haiM ki tAipanna para syAhI se kalama dvArA bhI likhate haiM aura lohe kI noMkadAra kRtarambhI se akSara kurede bhI jA sakate haiN| likhane ke lie to Upara likhI vidhiyoM se banAI haI sthAhiyAM dI kAma meM AtI haiM, parantu kurede hue akSaroM para kAlA cUrNa pota kara kapar3e se sApha karate haiN| isase vaha cUrNa kurede hue akSaroM meM bharA raha jAtA hai aura patra ke samatala bhAga se kajjala yA kAlA carNa apasArita ho jAtA hai| phira akSara spaSTa par3hane meM A jAte haiN| samaya bItane para yadi akSara phIke paDa jAve to yaha vidhi doharA dI jAne para puna: akSara spaSTa ho jAte haiN| aimA maSI-cUrNa banAne ke ke lie nAriyala kI jaTA yA keMcula tathA bAdAma Adi ke chilake jalAkara pIsa lie jAte haiN| -gopAlanArAyaNa bahurA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #79
56/pANDulipi-vijJAna isa prakAra kAgaja-kapar3e para likhane kI syAhI banAne kI bhI kaI vidhiyA~ haiM : pahalI vidhi : jitanA kAjala utanA bola, te thI dUNA gUMda jhakola, je rasa bhAMgarAno par3e, to akSare akSare dIvA jale / dUsarI vidhi: maSyardhe kSipa sadgundaM gundArdhe bolameva ca, lAkSAbIyArasenoccai mardayet tAmrabhAjane / tIsarI vidhi : bIgrA bola anaila karavA rasa, kajjala vajjala (?) nai aMbArasa / 'bhojarAja' mimI niyAd, pAna pro phATaI misI navi jAI / cauthI vidhi: lAkha TAMka bIsa mela, svAMga TAMka pAMca mela nIra TAMka do sau leI, hAMDI meM car3hAiye, jyauM loM Aga dIje tyoM lau ora khAre saba lIje / lodara khAra bAlabAla pIsa ke rakhAiye mIThA tela dIya jala, kAjala so le utAra nIkI vidhi pichAnI ke aise hI banAiye cAika catura nara likhake anUpa grantha bAMca bAMca bAMca rIjharIjha mauja paaiye| masI vidhi / pA~cavI vidhi: syAhI pakkI karaNa vidhi :-lAkha cokhI athavA cIpaDI lIje paIsA 6, sera tIna pAnI meM DAleM, suvAgo (suhAgA) paisA 2 DAleM, lodha 3 paisA bhara ddaaleN| pAnI tIna pAva raha jAye to utAra leN| bAda meM kAjala / paisA bhara DAlakara ghoMTa-ghoMTa kara sukhA leN| aAvazyakatAnusAra isameM se lekara zItala jala meM bhigo deM to pakkI syAhI taiyAra ho jAtI hai| chaThI vidhi: kAjala chaha TaMka, bIjAbola TaMka 12, bera kA goMda 36 Taka, aphIma TaMka 1/2, alatA pothI TaMka 3, phiTakarI kaccI TaMka 1/2, nIma ke ghoMTe se tAmbe ke pAtra meM sAta dina taka ghoTe / syAhI ke ye nuskhe muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne yahA~-vahA~ se lekara diye haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki pahalI vidhi se banI syAhI zreSTha hai| anya syAhI pakkI to hai, para ka gaja For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #80
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/57 kapar3e ko kSati pahu~cAtI haiM / lakar3I kI pATI (paTTI) para likhane ke lie ThIka haiM / / rAjasthAna meM upayoga Ane vAlI syAhI ke banAne kI vidhi aojhAjI ne isa prakAra batAI hai : ___'pakkI syAhI banAne ke lie pIpala kI lAkha ko jo anya vRkSoM kI lAkha se uttama samajhI jAtI hai, pIsa kara miTTI kI ha~DiyA meM rakhe hue jala meM DAlakara use Aga para car3hAte haiM / phira usameM suhAgA aura lodha pIsa kara DAlate haiN| ubalate-ubalate jaba lAkha kA rasa pAnI meM yahA~ taka mila jAtA hai ki kAgaja para usase gaharI lAla lakIra banane lagatI hai taba use utAra kara chAna lete haiN| usako alatA (alaktaka) kahate haiM, phira tiloM ke tela ke dIpaka ke kAjala ko mahIna kapar3e kI poTalI meM rakhakara alate meM use phirAte jAte haiM jaba taka ki usase sundara kAle akSara banane na laga jaaveN| phira usako davAta (masIbhAjana) meM bhara lete haiM / rAjapUtAne ke pustaka lekhaka aba bhI isI taraha pakkI syAhI banAte haiM / " ojhAjI ne kaccI syAhI ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki yaha kajjala, katthA, bIjAbora aura goMda ko milAkara banAI jAtI hai| parantu pannoM para jala girane se yaha syAhI phaila jAtI hai aura caumAse meM panne cipaka jAte haiM / ataH grantha lekhana ke lie anupayogI hai / Apane bhoja-patra para likhane kI syAhI ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki "bAdAma ke chilakoM ke koyaloM ko gomUtra meM ubAla kara yaha syAhI banAyI jAtI thii| yahI bAta DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya ne likhI hai : In Kashmir, for writing on birch-bark, ink was manufactured out of charcoal made from almonds and boiled in cow's urine. Ink so prepared was absolutely free from damage when MSS were periodically washed in water-tubes. 5 kucha sAvadhAniyA~ mUlataH kajjala, bIjAbola samAna mAtrA meM aura inase do gunI mAtrA meM goMda ko pAnI meM gholakara nIma ke ghoMTe se tAmra-pAtra meM ghuTAI karanA hI kAgaja aura kapar3e para isI bAta ko aura spaSTa karate hue munijI ne batAyA hai ki 'jisa syAhI meM lAkha (lAkSArasa), katthA, lodha par3A ho, vaha kapar3A kAgaja para likhane ke kAma kI nahIM hai| isase kapar3e evaM kAgaja tambAkU ke patte jaise ho jAte haiN| -bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 42 / muni puNyavijayajI ne kAlI syAhI sambandhI khAsa sUcanAoM meM ye bAteM batAI hai kajjalamatra tilatailataH saMjAta grAhyama / 2, gundo'tra nimbasatkaH khadirasatko vababrasatko vA grAhyaH / dhavasatkastu sarvathA tyAjya: maSI vinAzako hyayam (dhI kA goMda nahIM DAlanA caahie)| bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 1551 ___ vahI, pR. 1551 4. vhalara ne sUcanA dI he (kAzmIra riporTa,30) ki gapha peparsa Adi (18F) meM rAjendralAla bhitra ne TippaNiyoM meM syAhI banAne ke bhAratIya nuskhe diye hai| -pR. 146, pAda TippaNI, pR. 537 5. Pandey, R. B-Indian Palaeography, P, 85, 6. thI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA kI TippaNiyAM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #81
58/pANDulipi-vijJAna likhane kI syAhI banAne kI upayogI vidhi hai, anya rasAyanoM ko milAne se ve usako khA jAte haiM aura alpAyu banA dete haiM, jaise-bhAMgarA DAlane se akSaroM meM camaka to pAtI hai parantu Age calakara kAgaja kAlA par3a jAtA hai| isI taraha lAkSArasa, svAMga yA kSAra Adi bhI hAnikAraka haiM / vIArasa bIyA nAmaka vanaspati kI chAla kA cUrNa banAkara pAnI meM auTAne se taiyAra hotA hai| isako isalie milAyA jAtA hai ki syAhI gaharI kAlI ho jAtI hai / parantu yadi AvazyakatA se adhika bIpArasa par3a jAya to vaha goMda ke prabhAva ko kama kara detA hai aura aisI syAhI ke likhe akSara sUkhane ke bAda ukhar3a jAte haiM / lAkSArasa isa kAraNa DAlA jAtA hai ki isase syAhI kAgaja meM phUTatI nahIM hai / khaulate hue sApha pAnI meM jarA-jarA sA lAkha kA cUrNa isa taraha se DAlakara hilAyA jAtA hai ki vaha usameM acchI taraha dhulatA jAya, usakI lugadI na banane paave| bAra-bAra kisI sIMka yA pharar3e ko usameM Dubokara kAgaja para lakIra khIMcate haiN| zurU meM jaba taka lAkha pAnI meM ekarasa nahIM hotI taba taka vaha pAnI kAgaja meM phUTatA hai para jaba acchI taraha lAkha ke reze usameM ekAkAra ho jAte haiM to vaha rasa kAgaja para jama jAtA hai| isakI mAtrA meM bhI yadi kamIvezI ho jAya to syAhI acchI nahIM bntii| syAhI : vidhi niSedha syAhI banAne ke sambandha meM kucha vidhi niSedha bhI haiM - yathA- kajjala banAne ke lie tila ke tela kA diyA hI jalAnA caahie| kisI anya prakAra ke tela se banAyA huyA kAjala upayogI nahIM hotA / goMda bhI nIma, khera yA babUla hI kA lenA cAhie / isameM bhI nIma sarvazreSTha hai / dhoMka (dhava) kA goMda syAhI ko naSTa karane vAlA hotA hai| syAhI meM rIgaNI nAmaka padArtha, jise marAThI meM 'DolI' kahate haiM, DAlane se usameM camaka A jAtI hai aura makkhiyA~ pAsa nahIM paatiiN| jisa syAhI meM lAkha, katthA aura lohakITa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai use tAr3a-patra Adi para hI likhane ke kAma meM lenA cAhie, kAgaja aura kapar3e para isakA prabhAva viparIta par3atA hai| vaha kAgaja Age calakara kSINa ho jAtA haiprati lAla par3a jAtI hai aura patra tar3akane lagate haiN| bIArasa kI mAtrA adhika ho jAne se goMda kI cikanAhaTa naSTa ho jAtI hai aura aisI syAhI se likhe patroM kI ragar3a se akSara ghulamila jAte haiM aura prati kAlI par3a jAtI hai / ___ jaba kisI saMgraha ke granthoM ko dekhate haiM to vibhinna pratiyA~ vibhinna dazA meM milatI haiM / koI-koI grantha to kaI zatAbdI purAnA hone para bhI bahuta svastha aura tAjI avasthA meM milatA hai| usakA kAgaja bhI acchI hAlata meM hotA hai aura syAhI bhI jaisI kI taisI camakatI huI milatI hai; parantu kaI grantha bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM likhe hone para bhI unake patra tar3akane vAle ho jAte haiM aura akSara ragar3a se vikRta pAye jAte haiN| kitanI hI pratiyA~ aisI milatI haiM ki unakA kucha bhAga kAlA par3A huA hotA hai / aisA isalie hotA hai ki varSA ke bAda kabhI-kabhI dhUpa meM rakhate samaya jina patroM ko samAna rUpa se USmA nahIM pahu~catI athavA AvazyakatA se adhika samaya taka dhUpa meM raha jAte haiM unake kucha hissoM kI saphedI ur3a jAtI hai / kucha lekhaka to syAhI meM cithar3A DAla dete haiM (kabhI-kabhI sarpAkAra) jisase vaha adhika gAr3hI yA patalI na ho jAya / parantu kucha lekhaka lohe ke Tukar3e yA kIleM davAta meM rakha dete haiM / apara dazA meM aisA hotA hai ki usa lohe kA kATa hilAne para syAhI meM mila jAtA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #82
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/59 hai aura tatkAla usase likhI huI paMktiyA~ kAlI par3a jAtI haiM yA patra kA vaha bhAga chika jAtA hai, ataH eka hI patra meM vibhinna paMktiyA~ vibhinna prakAra kI dekhane meM AtI haiM / pratiyoM kI yaha kharAbiyA~ saMkrAmaka bhI hotI haiN| kaI bAra hama dekhate haiM ki kisI prati ke Adya aura antya patra ke atirikta zeSa patra svastha dazA meM hote haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hotA hai ki baste meM jaba kaI pratiyA~ vA~dhI jAtI haiM to usa prati ke Upara nIce koI rugNa pratiyA~ rakha dI jAtI haiM jinakI syAhI va kAgaja kI vikRti bIca kI prati ke Upara-nIce ke patroM meM pahuMca jAtI hai / isIlie jahA~ taka ho sake vahA~ taka eka prati ko dUsarI se pRthak rakhanA cAhie / isake lie pratyeka prati ko eka svaccha aura rUkhe sapheda kAgaja meM lapeTanA cAhie (akhabArI kAgaja meM kabhI nahIM) aura phira usako kArDaborDa ke do samAkRti ke Tukar3oM ke bIca meM rakhakara veSTita karanA cAhie jisase na to kArDaborDa kA asara prati para par3a sake aura na anya prati kA roga hI usameM pahu~ca sake / raMgIna syAhI raMgIna syAhiyAM kA upayoga bhI grantha lekhana meM prAcIna kAla se hI hotA rahA hai / isameM lAla syAhI kA upayoga bahudhA huA hai / lAla syAhI ke do prakAra the-eka alatA kI, dUsarI hiMgalU kii| DaoN. pANDeya ne batAyA hai ki--"Red ink was mostly used in the MSS for marking the medial signs and margins on the right and the left sides of the text, sometimes the endings of the chapters, stops and the phrases like 'so and so and said thus' were written with red ink.'2 ojhAjI inase pUrva yaha batA cuke haiM ki 'hastalikhita veda ke pustakAM meM svaroM ke cinha, aura saba pustakoM ke pannoM para kI dAhinI aura bAMyI ora kI hAziye kI do-do khar3I lakIreM alatA yA hiMgalI se banI huI hotI haiM / kabhI-kabhI adhyAya kI samApti kA aMza evaM 'bhagavAnuvAc', 'RSiruvAca' Adi vAkya tathA virAmasUcaka khar3I lakIreM lAla syAhI se banAI jAtI haiM / jyotiSI loga janma-patra tathA varSaphala ke lambe-lambe kharar3oM meM gvar3e hAziye, Ar3I lakIreM tathA bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI kuNDaliyA~ lAla syAhI se hI banAte haiN| phalataH kAlI ke bAda lAla syAhI kA hI sthAna prAtA hai| pAzcAtya jagat meM bhI lAla syAhI kA kucha aisA hI upayoga hotA thaa| camakIlI lAla syAhI kA upayoga pAzcAtya jagat meM purAne granthoM meM saundaryavarddhana ke lie hAtA thaa| isase prArambhika akSara tathA prathama paMktiyA~ aura zIrSaka likhe jAte the, isI se ve 'svairiksa' kahalAte the aura lekhaka kahalAtA thA 'rubrIkeTara' / isI kA hindostAnI meM artha hai 'surjI' / jisakA artha lAla bhI hotA hai aura zIrSaka bhii| udhara bhArata meM lAla ke bAda 1. hiMgalI ko zuddha karake lAla syAhI banAne kI acchI vidhi bhA. ja. zra. saM. ane lekhana kalA meM pR.45 para dI huI hai| 2. Pandey, Bajbali-Indian Poleography, p.85. 3. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA pR0 1561 4. '-of coloured varieties red was the most common......' -Pandey, Rajbali Indian Palaeography, p. 85. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #83
60/pANDulipi-vijJAna nIlI syAhI kA bhI pracalana huA, harI aura pIlI bhI upayoga meM lAI gaI / harI tathA pIlI syAhI kA bhI upayoga huA para adhikAMzataH jaina granthoM meM / aojhAjI ne batAyA hai ki sUkhe hare raMga ko goMda ke pAnI meM ghola kara harI jaMgAlI aura haritAla se pIlI syAhI bhI lekhaka loga banAte haiM / sunaharI evaM rUpaharI syAhI sone aura cA~dI kI syAhI kA upayoga bhI pAzcAtya dezoM meM tathA bhArata meM bhI huA hai| sAhitya meM bhI prAcIna kAla ke ullekha milate haiN| sone-cAMdI meM likhe grantha bhI milate haiM / rAje-mahArAje aura dhanI loga hI aisI kImatI syAhI kI pustakeM likhavA sakate the / ye syAhiyA~ sone aura cA~dI ke varako se banatI thiiN| varaka ko kharala meM DAla kara dhava ke goMda ke pAnI ke sAtha kharala meM khUba ghoMTate the| isase varaka kA cUrNa taiyAra ho jAtA thaa| phira sAkara (zakkara) kA pAnI DAla kara use khUba hilAte the / cUrNa ke nIce baiTha jAne para pAnI nikAla dete the / isI prakAra tIna-cAra bAra dho dene se goMda nikala jAtA thaa| aba jo zeSa raha jAtA thA vaha syAhI thii| ___ sone aura cAMdI kI syAhI se likhita prAcIna grantha nahIM milate / projhAjI ne ajamera ke kalyANamala DhaDDhA ke kucha grantha dekhe the, ye adhika prAcIna nahIM the / hAM, cA~dI kI syAhI meM likhA yantrAvacUri grantha 15vIM zatI kA unheM vidita huA thaa| bhAratIya jaina zramaraNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA meM anuSThAnAdi ke lie jantra-mantra likhane ke lie aSTa-gandha evaM yakSa kardama kA aura ullekha kiyA gayA hai / aNTa-gandha do prakAra se banAyI jAtI hai : eka : 1 agara, 2. tagara, 3. gorocana, 4. kastUrI, 5. rakta candana, 6. candana, 7. sindUra, aura 8. kesara ko milA kara banAte haiN| do : 1. kapUra, 2. kastUrI, 3. gorocana, 4. sidarapha, 5. kesara, 6. candana, 7. agara, evaM 8. gehUlA-isase milA kara banAte haiN| yakSa kardama meM 11 vastueM milAI jAtI haiM : candana, kesara, agara, barAsa, kastUrI, maracakaMkola, gorocana, hiMgalo, rataMjaNI, sone ke varaka aura aMvara / citra racanA aura raMga 'ainasAiklopIDiyA amerikAnA' meM batAyA gayA hai ki sacitra pAMDulipi usa hastalikhita pustaka ko kahate haiM jisake pATha ko vividha citrAkRtiyoM se sajAyA gayA ho aura sundara banAyA gayA ho / yaha sajjA raMgoM se yA sunaharI aura kabhI-kabhI rUpahalI kArIgarI se bhI prastuta kI jAtI hai / isa sajjA meM prathamAkSaroM ko vizadatApUrvaka citrita karane se lekara viSayAnurUpa citroM taka kA Ayojana bhI ho sakatA thA, yA sone aura cAMdI se yaha haritAla, haDatAla galata likhe zabda yA akSara para phera kara usa akSara ko lupta kiyA jAtA thaa| isI se muhAvarA bhI banA 'har3atAla pheranA-naSTa kara denaa|' bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR.44| bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR.44 / Encyclopaedia Americana (Vc! 18), p. 242. 3. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #84
FuTurmullaina khambhAta ke kalpasUtra kA eka citra (apabhraza, 1481 I.) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #85
mokayAmAnAyaka mAnirAgasavatA vinAzakAra: tikAle / nAsAgavAvajAti zivavalagAvavakAlA MPAWAN tAr3apatra kI pANDulipi 'nizItha cUNikA' para citrita jina bhagavAn - jaina zailI, 1182 vi0 zAdhavAcana tAratamAtApizAkhA mevA 1184mAnA / lihiny'e gharamANAoyA desala tAr3apatra kI pANDulipi 'nizIthacaNikA' para citrita sarasvatI - jaina zailI, 1184 vi0 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #86
ima SARO0 * laura candA ke citra (apabhraza, 1540) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #87
pANDulipi-grantha racanA-prakriyA / 61 camakate akSaroM se sajAvaTa kraanaa| aisI sajAvaTa kA Arambha pazcima meM 14 vIM zatAbdI me mAnA jAtA / dA~te ne aura caoNsara ne aise citrita hastalekhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhArata meM 'apabhraMza zailI' ke citra jo 11vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka bane mukhyataH hastalikhita granthoM meM milate haiM / DaoN. rAmanAtha ne batAyA hai ki "mukhyataH ye citra jaina dharma sambandhI pothiyoM (pAMDulipiyoM) meM bIca-bIca meM chor3e hue caukora sthAnoM meM bane hue milate haiM / " ina citroM meM pIle aura lAla raMgoM kA prayoga adhika huA hai / raMgoM ko gaharAgaharA lagAyA gayA hai / "gujarAta ke pATana nagara se bhagavatI sUtra kI eka prati 1062 I0 kI prApta huI hai / isameM kevala alaMkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / citra nahIM hai sabase pahalI citrita kRti tAr3apatra para likhita nizIyacUrirNa nAmaka pAMDulipi hai jo siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM 1100 I0 meM likhI gaI thI aura aba pATana ke jaina-bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / isameM bela bUTe aura kucha pazu-AkRtiyA~ haiM / 13vIM zatAbdI meM devI-devatAoM ke citraNa kA bAhulya ho gyaa| aba taka ye pothiyA~ tAr3apatra kI hotI thiiN| 14vIM zatAbdI se kAgaja kA prayoga huA 11 hameM vidita hai ki 14vIM zatAbdI meM pazcima meM pArcameMTa para pAMDulipi likhI jAtI thI aura unheM citrita bhI kiyA jAtA thA / bhArata meM 3 zatAbdI pUrva tAr3apatra para hI yaha citra karma hone lagA thaa| bhArata meM 14vIM zatAbdI taka prAya: jaina dharma-grantha sacitra likhe gaye, udhara 'pAla zailI" kI citrAMkita pustakeM bauddha-dharma-viSayaka thiiN| prAcInatama pAMDulipi 980 I0 kI milatI hai| DaoN0 rAmanAtha ke ye zabda dhyAna dene yogya haiN| "pAla zailI ke antargata citrita pothiyA~ tAlapatroM meM haiM / lambe-lambe tAlapatra ke eka se Tukar3e kATa kara unake bIca meM citra ke lie sthAna chor3a kara donoM ora grantha likha diyA jAtA thA / nAgarIlipi meM bar3e sundara akSaroM meM yaha likhAI kI jAtI thI / bIca ke khAlI sthAnoM meM surucipUrNa raMgoM meM citra banAye jAte the / sundara aura sughar3a prAkRtiyA~ banAyI jAtI thIM / jinameM bar3e AkarSaka DhaMga se A~khoM aura anya aMga-pratyaMgAM kA Alekhana hotA thA 13 1451 meM citrita basaMta - vilAsa ke samaya se kalA jaina-bauddha evaM vaiSNava dharma kA pallA chor3a kara laukika ho calI / yaha eka nayA mor3a thA / kAma-zAstra ke grantha hI nahIM, prema gAthAe~ jaise candAyana, mRgAvatI Adi bhI sacitra milatI haiM / ye citra bahudhA raMgIna hote the / vividha raMgoM se citrita kiye jAte the / vividha raMgoM kI syAhI yA maSI banAI jAtI thI / kAlI, lAla, sunaharI - rupahalI grAdi raMgIna sthAhiyoM kA vivaraNa Upara diyA jA cukA hai| lAla raMga hiMgalU se, pIlA har3atAla se, dhaulA yA sapheda saphede se taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA / anya mizrita raMga bhI banAye jAte the jaise, har3atAla evaM hiMgalU milA kara nAraMgI, hiMgalU aura sapheda se gulAbI, haratAla aura kAlI syAhI milA kara nIlA raMga banAyA jAtA thA / isI prakAra anya kaI vidhiyA~ thIM 1. rAmanAtha (DaoN.) - madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAeM aura unakA vikAsa, pR0 6-7 / 2. vahI, pR0 6-7 3. vahI, pR0 6-7 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #88
62/pANDulipi-vijJAna . jinase pustakoM ko citrita karane ke lie bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke raMga banAye jAte the / ye raMga syAhI kI taraha hI kAma karate the| sacitra granthoM kA mahattva ge sacitra grantha kaI kAraNAM se mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiM : eka to grantha-racanA ke itihAsa meM sacitra pAMDulipiyoM kA mahattva hai kyoMki ina sacitra granthoM se vidita hotA hai ki mAnava apanI anubhUtiyoM ko kisa-kisa prakAra kI raMgIniyoM aura citropamatAoM se vyakta karatA rahA hai / ina abhivyaktiyoM meM usa mAnava aura usake varga ke sAMskRtika bimba bhI samAviSTa milate haiN| dUsare citrita pAMDulipiyoM meM vividha prakAra ke AkArAMkana aura alaMkaraNa milate haiM / inameM ina aMkanoM ke ananta rUpa citrita hue haiM jo svayaM citroM kI alaMkaraNa kalA ke itihAsa ke lie bhArI sArthakatA rakhate haiM / tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki madhya yuga meM bhArata meM dasavIM zatAbdI se pAMDulipiyoM meM aMkita citra' hI ekamAtra aise sAdhana haiM, jinase madhyayugIna citrakalA kI pravRttiyA~ evaM svarUpa samajhe jA sakate haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki citrita pAMDulipiyoM meM raMga kauzala ke sAtha kucha anya bAteM bhI haiM jo dekhanI hotI haiM / kavitA aura citrakalA donoM hI pramukha lalita kalAe~ mAnI gaI haiM / isalie kavi aura citrakAra kA colI-dAmana kA sA sAtha hai / jaise grantha ko citroM se sajAkara sacitra banAyA jAtA thA vaise hI citroM ko bhI kaI bAra salekha banAyA jAtA thA, arthAt grantha ke viSaya ko samajhAne ke lie jaise citra-citrita kara diye jAte the usI prakAra kisI citra ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie usa para lekha yA kavitA kI paMkti aMkita kara dI jAtI thii| aise citra-karma ke lie vividha raMgoM kI syAhiyA~ taiyAra kI jAtI thiiN| ___ bhojadeva kRta 'samarA~gaNa-sUtradhAra' (11vIM0 za0) meM citrakarma ke ATha aMgoM kA varNana hai / isI prakAra viSNudharmottarapurANa meM bhI citrakarma ke guNASTaka vaNita haiM / ina donoM meM antara avazya hai, parantu lekhana athavA lekhakarma prAyaH samAna rUpa se hI ullikhita haiM / ye haiM--1. vatikA, 2. bhUmibandhana, 3. lekhya athavA lepya, 4. rekhAkarmANi, 5. varNakarma (karSa karma), 6. vartanAkrama, 7. lekhana athavA lekhakarma aura 8. dvika karma-yaha krama 'samarAMgaNasUtradhAra' meM batAyA gayA hai| 1. 'vartikA' eka prakAra kA 'baratA' yA peMsila hotI hai / isako banAne kA prakAra yaha hai ki yA to eka vizeSa prakAra kI miTTI (jaise pIlI yA kAlI) lete haiM aura usakA lakIreM khIMcane meM prayoga karate haiM athavA dIpaka kA kAjala lekara usako cAvala ke cUrNa yA ATe meM milAte haiM aura thor3A sA gIlA karake peMsilAM jaisI yaSTikA banA kara sukhA dete haiM / cAvala ke ATe ke sthAna para ubalA huA cAvala bhI kAma meM liyA jA sakatA hai . 2. 'bhUmibandhana' se tAtparya hai citra yA lekha kA AdhAra sthira karanA jaise-dIvAra, 1. vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye-bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane legyuna kalA', pR0 119 / 2. aMgrejI meM inheM miniecara (Miniature) kahate haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #89
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/63 kASThapaTTikA, kapar3A, tAr3apatra, bhUrjapatra yA rezamI kapar3A Adi / lakar3I ke paTare kA tAr3apatra para pahale sapheda raMga potate haiM / yahI sapheda raMga citra meM bhI prayukta hotA hai| 3. 'lekhya yA lepya karma' dvArA citra ke lie bhUmi kA lepana yA Alekhana kiyA jAtA hai / jaise jina bhAgoM meM amuka raMga yA koI jhAMI kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karanA hai to tadanukUla raMga ko plAsTara kI taraha lIpA yA potA jAtA hai / grantha para citra banAne ke lie yaha prakriyA sadaiva aAvazyaka nahIM hotI, citra banAte samaya hI pRSThabhUmi kA raMga bhI bhara diyA jAtA hai / vRhadAkAra bhUmi para citrita hone vAle citroM ke lie hI isakI AvazyakatA hotI hai| 4. 'rekhAkarma'-phira, kUcI se rekhAe~ khIMcakara citra kA prArUpa banAyA jAtA hai jisako khAkA kaha sakate haiM / 5. isake bAda arthAt jaba khAkA pUrNatayA taiyAra ho jAtA hai to raMga bharane kA kAma prArambha hotA hai / isako 'varNakarma' kahate haiN| prAcIna citrakAra prAyaH sapheda, pIlA, nIlA, lAla, kAlA, aura harA raMga kAma meM lete the / sapheda raMga zaMkha kI rAya se banAyA jAtA thA / pIlA raMga haratAla se banatA thA aura isakA prayoga zarIrAvayava-saMracanA tathA devatAoM ke mukhamaNDana ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| pUrvI bhArata aura nepAla kI citrakAriyoM meM aise prayoga khUba milate haiN| nIlA raMga banAne meM nIla kAma meM lI jAtI hai / yaha prayoga bhArata meM sarvatra aura sabhI kAlAM meM hotA rahA hai / lAla raMga ke lie pAlaktaka, lAkSArasa aura garika (gairU) tathA darada kA prayoga hotA thaa| kAle raMga kI taiyArI meM kajjala kI pradhAnatA thii| __harA raMga mizra varNa kahalAtA hai / isako banAne ke lie nIle aura pIle raMgoM ko bahuta sAvadhAnI se milAnA hotA hai, phira, chAyA kI madhyamatA athavA ujjvalatA ko nyUnAdhika karane ke lie sapheda raMga bhI milAyA jAtA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya citroM meM hare raMga kA prayoga kama hI kiyA jAtA thA / muslima-kAla meM isakA calana adhika huA hai parantu dekhA gayA hai ki nIla aura haratAla ke mizraNa ke kAraNa yaha raMga kAgaja ko jaldI hI kSati pahuMcAtA hai| kitane hI prAcIna citroM meM jahA~ hAziye kI jagaha harA raMga lagAyA gayA hai vahA~ se kAgaja jIrNa hokara gala gayA hai aura bIca kA caukhaTA baca gayA hai / zilparatna' aura 'mAnasollAsa' meM raMgoM ke viSaya meM vistAra se likhA gayA hai / batAyA gayA hai ki kapittha aura nIma bhI raMga banAne meM prayukta hote the| 6. vistAra aura golAI prazita karane ke lie raMgAM meM jo halkApana aura gaharApana dekara spaSTa sImollekhana kiyA jAtA hai usako 'vartanAkrama' kahate haiM / isameM vartanI arthAta kUcI ke prayoga kI sUkSmatA kA camatkAra pradhAna hotA hai / 'viSNu dharmottarapurANa' meM 'vartanAkrama' kA vivaraNa draSTavya hai| 7. citra meM antima nizcayAtmaka rekhAMkana ko lekhana athavA 'lekhakarma' kahate haiM / mUla citra se bhinna raMga meM jo cauhaddI banAI jAtI hai vaha bhI isI meM sammilita hai / 8. kabhI-kabhI mUla rekhA ko adhika spaSTa banAne ke lie usako doharA banA diyA jAtA hai-yaha 'dvikakarma' kahalAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #90
64/pANDulipi-vijJAna grantha-racanA ke kAma ke anya upakaraNa : rekhApATI yA samAsapATI aura kAMbI 'rekhApATI' kA vivaraNa aojhAjI ne bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA meM diyA hai| lakar3I kI paTTI para yA paTTe para DoriyA~ lapeTa kara aura unheM sthira kara samAnAntara rekhAeM banAlI jAtI haiM / isa para lipyAsana yA kAgaja rakha kara dabAne se samAnAntara rekhAoM ke cihna ubhara Ate haiM / isa prakAra pAMDulipi likhane meM rekhAeM samAnAntara rahatI yahI kAma kAMbI yA kaMbikA se liyA jAtA hai / yaha lakar3I kI paTarI jaisI hotI hai| isakI sahAyatA se kAgaja para rekhAeM khIMcI jAtI thiiN| kAMbI kA eka anya upayoga hotA thA / pustaka par3hate samaya hAtha pherane se pustaka kharAba na ho, isa nimitta kAMbI (saM0 kaMbikA) kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / ise par3hate samaya akSaroM kI rekhAoM ke sahAre rakhate the, aura usa para uMgalI rakha kara zabdoM ko batAte jAte the / yaha sAmAnyataH bA~sa kI capaTI cippaTa hotI thii| yoM yaha hAthI dAMta, akIka, candana, zIzama, zAla vagairaha kI bhI banAlI jAtI thii| DorA : DorI tAr3apatra ke granthoM ke panne astavyasta na ho jAyaM isalie eka vidhi kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / tAr3apatroM kI lambAI ke bIcoMbIca tAr3apatroM ko cheda kara eka DorA nIce se Upara taka piro diyA jAtA thaa| isa Dore se sabhI patra natthI hokara yathAsthAna rahate the / lekhaka pratyeka panne ke bIca meM eka sthAna korA chor3a detA thA / yaha sthAna Dore ke cheda ke lie hI chor3A jAtA thA / tAr3apatroM ke isa kore sthAna para kI pAvRtti hameM kAgajoM para likhe granthoM meM bhI milatI hai / aba yaha lakIra pITane ke samAna hai, anAvazyaka hai / hA~, lekhaka kA kucha kauzala avazya lakSita hotA hai ki vaha isa vidhi se likhatA hai vaha sthAna chUTA huaA bhI sundara lagatA hai| granthi ___- DorI se grantha yA pustaka ke pannoM ko sUtra-baddha karake ina DoroM ko kASTha kI una paTTikAoM meM cheda karake nikAlA jAtA thA, jo pustaka kI lambAI-caur3AI ke anusAra kATa kara grantha ke donoM ora lagAI jAtI thIM / inake Upara DoriyoM ko kasa kara granthi lagAI jAtI thii| yaha prAcIna praNAlI hai / harSa carita meM sUtraveSTanam kA ullekha milatA hai / ina DoroM ko ukta kASThapATI meM se nikAla kara granthi yA gA~Tha dene ke lie vizeSa praNAlI apanAI gaI-lakar3I, hAthIdA~ta, nAriyala ke khopar3e kA Tukar3A lekara use gola cipaTI cakarI 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 157 / 2. vahI, pR. 1581 3. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 19 / (93) Wooden covers, cut according to the siza of the sheets, were placed on the Bhurja and Palm leaves, which had been drawn on strings, and rhis is still the custom even with the paper MSS. In Southern India the covers are mostly pierced by holes, through which the long strings are passed. The latter are wound round the covers and knotted. -Buhler, G.-Indian Palaeography.p. 147. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #91
askahAyo tumananahAraiHjonasaruparayo For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #92
pANDulipi-grantha-racanA-prakriyA/65 caturabhujadAsa kI madhumAlatI meM mainAMsata prasaMga jAtanadhArakaDora etakA prapAmArI vicAradisyako zindehImAlavitAta mAdadina bharanalaiTaikoyatyA bAjAtAtopaNarAyA jA jinIlAdhyau manyavacanamela sAbaravArakAkAmakA digdehImanInuna nokadAtara sAlaloyaramatavaMtAnA meopa janajAyanAmApAvarakSAekA sAvadhadArInATanaTAlA maMjIdarikoMdhAnalamAyana corakarasmAraNdezvI sadara banamayo milAkusaracaya vanA niyamavanalAyA mAmamakdiA nAyanAvAdApatita| hama itarAdhAkiratAra utanaMdA parisamApadarIkaramAraestAdadAyAnyUdaGavAdhare nAvAcasopAya zirapati karasAnarakayArAmamAyaraleArakamAdAgAcavIlozkekadekhanApIyavAra umA svasAkAnArAmanAbAlakatarajAtAnA kaMgA yAnAdakatAsakathamana ganabAI yAnIyavAkaramaza satrAdhyAgoyalapApIlAraketIpakar3abolAiva nAgabaiMga pakesaraMkIDajhAyoM ko pAriMgaAbaIdAgoekamegAyaka tAra ke nAvAra sAhayatIparIbhanolAramAra ba kAzahakArAdhinadAirAdA paramAraphirAmorezakazanadevanadAya pAyadAnAsapanehAta pativatA yAvara pavitratApUstItayeda zekha rahAvAzAra yataHsArakhI nAnugaroha sAvadhAnavAkodaya vidAmAranezana kAyajyoramamAzyAMgaNevAdIleva majarakozavapAjaNe sayogaMDakIkAta lAparavaTeNevAkAkavAruvAcAra toSakoI tAkejazAvAdeza madiroyalatIbhavyA kalAvile mAdevayanaHmagatamAlAlAca samaya amanoyodavArasaga minaracanA pakSavAmAcAvImArijAtale bsraayaa| e % - - manAMsata prasaMga kA antima patra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #93
66/pANDulipi-vijJAna ke rUpa kI banA lete haiM, usameM cheda kara usa Dora yA DorI kI isa cakarI meM se nikAla kara bA~dhate haiM, yathArtha meM ye cakariyA~ hI granthi yA gAMTha kahI jAtI haiM / / har3atAla pustaka-lekhana meM 'har3atAla' pherane kA ullekha milatA hai / har3atAla yA haratAla kA upayoga hastalekhoM meM una sthaloM yA aMzoM ko miTAne ke lie kiyA jAtA thA, jo galata likha liye gaye the / 'haratAla' se pIlI syAhI bhI banAI jAtI hai / haratAla phera dene se vaha galata likhAvaTa pIle raMga ke lepa se Dhaka jAtI hai| kabhI-kabhI har3atAla ke sthAna para mapheda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| parakAra aojhAjI ne batAyA hai ki prAcIna hastalikhita pustakoM meM kabhI-kabhI viSaya kI samApti Adi para syAhI se bane kamala milate haiM / ve parakAroM se hI banAye hue milate haiN| ve itane choTe hote haiM ki unake lie jo parakAra kAma meM Aye hoMge ve bar3e sukSma mAna ke hone cAhiye / 1. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR.201 2. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 1571 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #94
adhyAya 3 pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna . 'pANDulipi-vijJAna' sabase pahale 'pAMDulipi' ko prApta karane para aura isI se sambandhita anya prArambhika prayatnoM para dhyAna detA hai| isa vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha samasta pratyana 'kSetrIya anusaMdhAna' ke antargata AtA hai / kSetra evaM prakAra pAMDulipi-prApti ke sAmAnyataH do kSetra haiM-prathama pustakAlaya, tathA dvitIya nijI / pustakAlayoM ke tIna prakAra milate haiM--eka dhArmika, dUsarA rAjakIya tathA tIsarA vidyAlayoM ke pustakAlayoM kA / 1. dhArmika pustakAlaya-ye dhArmika maThoM, mandiroM, bihAroM meM hote haiM / 2. rAjakIya pustakAlaya-rAjya ke dvArA sthApita kiye jAte haiM / 3. vidyAlaya pustakAlaya-inakA kSetra vidyAlayoM meM hotA hai / pUrvakAla meM yaha vidyAlaya-pustakAlaya dharma yA rAjya donoM meM se kisI bhI kSetra meM yA donoM meM ho sakatA thA / Ajakala isakA svatantra astitva hai| nijI kSetra bhArata meM ghara-ghara meM grantha-ratnoM ko purAne samaya se dhArmika pratiSThAe~ milI huI thii| kisI ke ghara meM pAMDalipiyoM kA honA garva aura gaurava kI bAta mAnI jAtI thI / ina pothiyoM kI pUjA bhI kI jAtI thii| ataH bIsavIM zatI meM graMthAnusaMdhAna karane para ghara-ghara meM hastalikhita graMthoM ke hone kA patA claa| kAzI nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA ne san 1900 I0 se jo khoja karAI usase hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / rAjasthAna meM bhI yahI sthiti hai / yahA~ to nijI graMthAgAra kAphI acche haiM / DaoN0 ojhAjI ne 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA' meM ajamera ke seTha kalyANamala DhaDhDhA ke pustakAlaya kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM mUlyAvAna svarNa aura rajata meM likhe graMtha the / yaha pustakAlaya nijI thA / bIkAnera meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA nijI bhaNDAra kAphI bar3A hai / yahIM bihAra ke 'khudAbakhza pustakAlaya' kA ullekha bhI karanA hogA / yaha khudAbakhza kA nijI pustakAlaya thA / khudAbakhza ko apane pitA se uttarAdhikAra meM 1900 pAMDulipiyA~ milI thIM / khudAbakhza ne isa saMgraha ko aura samRddha kiyaa| 1891 meM jaba ise sArvajanika pustakAlaya kA rUpa diyA gayA taba isameM pAMDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA 6000 ho gaI thI / san 1976 meM isa pustakAlaya meM 12000 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 156 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #95
68/pANDulipi-vijJAna pAMDulipiyA~ thIM, 50,000 mudrita grantha the / isI prakAra bihAra ke hI bharatapurA gAMva ke zrI gopAla nArAyaNa siMha kA saMgrahAlaya bhI pahale nijI hI thA / san 1912 meM ise sArvajanika pustakAlaya banAyA gyaa| isa samaya isameM 4000 pAMDulipiyA~ haiM, aisA batAyA jAtA hai| khojakartA hastalekhoM kI khoja karane vAle vyakti pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke kSetra ke agradUta mAne jA sakate haiN| para, unhoMne jima samaya se kArya prArambha kiyA, usa samaya bhI do koTiyoM ke vyakti pAMDulipiyoM ke kSetra meM kArya meM saMlagna the / eka koTi ke antargata uccastarIya vidvAn the jo hastalikhita granthoM aura aitihAsika sAmagrI kI zodha meM pravRtta the, jaise-karnala TaoNDa, haoNrnale, sTena kono, beDela, TesiTarI, Arela sTAina, DaoN0 griyarsana, mahAmahopAdhyAya hara prasAda zAstrI, kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla, muni puNyavijaya jI, muni jinavijaya jI, DaoN0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN0 raghuvIra, DaoN0 bhaNDArakara, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, DaoN0 bhogIlAla mAMDesarA, DaoN0 pItAmbara datta bar3athvAla, bhASkara rAmacandra bhAlerAva Adi / dUsarI koTi unakI hai jinheM ejeNTa athavA khojakartA kahA jA sakatA hai / ye kisI saMsthA kI ora se isa kArya ke lie niyukta the / inameM se prathama koTi kA kArya viziSTa prakRti kA hotA hai, usake antargata unako pAMDulipi ke marma aura mahattva kA tathA usake yogadAna kA vaijJAnika prAmANikatA ke AdhAra para nirNaya karanA hotA hai / dUsarA varga sAmagrI ekatra karatA hai / ghara-ghara jAtA hai aura jahA~ bhI jo sAmagro use milatI hai vaha use yA to upalabdha karatA hai yA phira usakA vivaraNa yA TIpa le letA hai / svayaM vastu ko yA grantha ko prApta karanA to bar3I upalabdhi hai / para usakA vivaraNa, dIpa yA prativedana (riporTa) bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / pustaka upalabdha ho jAne para bhI vivaraNa prastuta karanA pahalI AvazyakatA hai| kintu isase bhI pahalA caraNa to grantha taka pahu~canA hI hai| ___ ataH sabase pahalA prazna yahI hai ki pAMDulipiyoM kA patA kaise lagAyA jAya ? isake lie grantha-khojakartA meM sAdhAraNa tatpara buddhi honI hI cAhiye, usameM samAja-priya yA lokapriya hone ke guNa hone cAhiye / usameM vividha vyaktiyoM ke manobhAvoM ko tor3ane yA samajhane kI buddhi bhI honI cAhiye jo sAdhAraNa buddhi kA hI eka pakSa hai / phira, usake pAsa koI aisA guNa (hunara) bhI honA cAhiye jisase vaha dUsaroM kI kRtajJatA pA sake / jahA~ granthoM kI Toha lage vahA~ ke logoM kA vizvAsa pA sakane kI kSamatA bhI honA apekSita hai| vizvAsapAtratA prApta karane ke lie usa kSetra meM prabhAva rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM se paricaya-patra le lene cAhiye / aise kSetroM meM mukhiyA, paTavArI, jamIMdAra tathA pAThazAlA ke adhyApaka apanAapanA prabhAva rakhate haiM / ina vyaktiyoM se milakara hama acchI taraha granthoM kA patA bhI lagA kate haiM tathA sAmagrI bhI juTA sakate haiN| jyotiSa yA hastarekhA-vijJAna aura vaidyaka ko kucha jAnakArI grantha-khojakartA ko sahAyaka siddha huI hai / inake kAraNa loga usakI ora sahaja rUpa se AkRSTa ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra pazu-cikitsA kA kucha jJAna ho to kSetrIya kArya meM upayogI hogA tathA dainika jIvana meM kAma Ane vAlI aisI anya cIjoM ko yadi vaha jAnatA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #96
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/69 hai, jinake na jAnane se manuSya duHkhI rahate haiM to ve usakI sahAyatA karane ke lie madA prastuta raheMge / vyutpanna-mati aura tatparabuddhi bhI bar3I sahAyaka siddha huI hai| kAzI-nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA ke eka grantha-khojakartA mere mitra the| unakI saphalatA kA eka bar3A kAraNa yahI thA ki ve hastarekhA vijJAna bhI jAnate the aura kucha vaidyaka bhI jAnate the / AkarSaka DhaMga se lacchedAra rocaka bAteM karanA bhI unheM pAtA thaa| yaha bhI eka bahuta bar3A guNa hai| hastalikhita pustakoM kI khoja kA Upara diyA gayA vivaraNa yaha batAtA hai ki pAMDulipiyoM kA saMgraha kisI saMsthAna yA kisI pAMDulipi vibhAga ke lie kiyA jA rahA hai| Upara dI gaI paddhati se nijI saMgrahAlaya ke lie bhI pAMDulipiyA~ prApta kI jA sakatI haiM / vyavasAyI mAdhyama-kucha vyakti vyavasAya ke lie, apane lie artha-lAbha kI dRSTi se svayaM aneka vidhiyoM se jahA~-tahA~ se grantha prApta karate haiM, muphta meM yA bahuta kama dAmoM meM kharIdakara ve saMsthAoM ko aura vyaktiyoM ko adhika dAmoM meM beca dete haiM / rAjasthAna meM rAjAoM aura sAmantoM kI sthiti bigar3ane se unake saMgrahoM se hastalekha ina vyavasAyiyoM ne prApta kiye the| kabhI-kabhI ye grantha aise vidvAnoM, kaviyoM aura paNDitoM ke gharoM meM bhI milate haiM jinakI saMtAna una granthoM kA mUlya nahIM samajhatI thI, yA Arthika saMkaTa meM par3a gayI thii| vyavasAyI inase ve grantha prApta kara lete haiM aura saMsthAnoM ko beca dete haiM / aise vyavasAyiyoM me bhI graMtha prApta kiye jA sakate haiM / sAbhiprAya khoja-khoja ke sAmAnya rUpoM kI carcA kI jA cukI hai| inake tIna prakAra batAye jA cuke haiM--1. zaukiyAsaMgraha, jo prAyaH nijI saMgrahAlayoM kA rUpa le lete haiM / khudAbakhza pustakAlaya kA ullekha hama kara cuke haiM / 2. saMsthA ke nimitta vetanabhogI ejeNTa dvArA, jaise-nAgarI-pracAriNI-sabhA ne kraayaa| dAna kI bhAvanA se bhI grantha mile haiN| kucha vyaktiyoM ne apane nijI saMgrahAlaya bhAvI surakSA kI bhAvanA se kisI pratiSThita saMsthAna ko bheMTa kara diye haiM / 3. vyavasAyI ke mAdhyama se saMgraha / sAmAnya khoja to hotI hai, para kabhI-kabhI sAbhiprAya khoja bhI hotI hai / yaha khoja kisI yA kinhIM vizeSa hastalekhoM ke lie hotI hai / ina khojoM kA itihAsa kabhI-kabhI bahuta rocaka hotA hai / sAbhiprAya khoja kI dRSTi se pahale yaha jAnanA apekSita hotA hai ki jisa grantha ko Apa cAhate haiM vaha kahA~ hai ? isake lie Apa vividha saMgrahAlayoM meM jAkara sUciyA~ yA AgAroM kA avalokana karate haiM, kucha jAnakArI se pUchate haiM / mullA dAUda kRta 'candAyana' ko prApta karane kA itihAsa leM / AgarA vizvavidyAlaya ke ka0 mu0 hindI tathA bhASAvijJAna vidyApITha ne prArambha meM hI nirNaya liyA ki 'candAyana' kA sampAdana kiyA jAya / yaha sujhAva DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne diyA thaa| unake sujhAva para zimalA ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ko likhA gayA, usakA kucha aMza vahIM para thaa| usakI phoTosTeTa pratiyA~ maMgavAyIM gayIM / vidita huA ki isI grantha ke kucha aMza pAkistAna meM unake lAhaura ke rASTrIya AgAra meM haiM / unase bhI phoTosTeTa pratiyA~ prApta kI gyiiN| aura bhI jahA~-tahA~ saMparka kiye gaye / taba jitane pRSTha mile unheM hI sampAdita kiyA gayA / para, yaha AvazyakatA rahI ki isakI pUrI vyavasthita prati kahIM se prApta kI jAya / hindI vidyApITha ko to vaha prApta nahIM ho sakI parantu DaoN. paramezvarI lAla gupta use prApta kara sake / kaise prApta kI, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #97
70/pANDulipi-vijJAna isakA rocaka vRttAnta yahA~ diyA jAtA hai / isase khoja ke eka aura mArga kA nirdeza hotA . DaoN0 paramezvarI lAla gupta ne eka bheTavArtA meM batAyA ki 'candAyana' kI unhoMne jisa prakAra khoja ko use 'jAsUsI' kahA jA sakatA hai / / DaoN0 gupta ko priMsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama meM candAyana ke kucha pRSTha mile / una para bhUmikA likhane ke lie ve 'gArsA da tAsI' kA 'hiMduI sAhitya kA itihAsa ke panne palaTa rahe the ki unakA dhyAna usa ullekha kI ora AkarSita huA jisameM tAsI ne batAyA thA ki DyUka oNpha sasaksa ke pustakAlaya meM hUraka aura haMdA kI kahAnI kA sacitra grantha thaa| DaoN0 gupta samajha gaye ki yaha haraka haMdA 'lUraka yA lorika' candA hI hai / yaha ullekha tAsI ne 1834 I. meM kiyA thaa| DaoN0 gupta jAnate the ki kisI bar3e DyUka ke marane ke bAda usakA pustakAlaya becA gayA hogaa| unhoMne yaha bhI anumAna lagA liyA ki vaha purAnI pustakoM ke vikretAoM ne varIdA hogA aura phuTakara bikrI kI gayI hogii| yaha anumAna kara unhoMne iNDiyA Aphisa (laMdana) briTiza myUjiyama se prAcIna pustaka vikretAoM dvArA prakAzita sUcI-patra prApta kiye / unase patA calA ki sasaiksa kA pustakAlaya lilI nAma ke vikretA ne kharIdA thA / Age patA lagAyA to vidita huA ki lilI se arabI-phArasI ke grantha ina bhASAoM ke ca vidvAna glAMDa ne kharIde / patA lagA ki glAMDa mara cuke haiM, pustakAlaya bika cukA hai| khoja Age kii| unakA saMgraha iMglaiNDa ke kisI arla ne kharIdA thA / arla ko patra likhA / uttara dene vAle arla ne batAyA ki unake pitAjI kA saMgraha menacesTara vizvavidyAlaya ke rilaiMDa pustakAlaya meM hai| vahA~ vaha pustaka DaoN0 gupta ko mila gyii| isa vivaraNa se yaha siddha huA ki eka sUtra ko pakar3a kara anumAna ke sahAre Age bar3hakara anya sUtra taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai, usase anya sUtra mila sakate haiM taba abhISTa graMtha prApta ho sakatA hai| kintu isake lie sUtra milate jAne cAhiye / bhArata meM aise sUtra AsAnI se nahIM milate haiN| nAgarI-pracAriNI-sabhA kI khoja-ripoToM meM pratyeka hastalekha ke mAlika kA nAma diyA rahatA hai / pUrA patA bhI rahatA hai / Aja patra likhane para na to koI uttara pAyegA, aura na Age khoja karane para hI kucha patA clegaa| kintu isa prakAra kI khoja meM sUtra se sUtra milAne meM bhI kitane hI anumAna aura unake AdhAra para kitane hI prakAra ke prayatnoM kI apekSA rahatI hai / bar3e dhairyapUrvaka eka ke bAda dUsare anumAna karake unase sUtra milAne ke prayatna kiye jAte haiM / nizcaya hI yaha bhI pustaka khoja kA eka mArga hai / grantha zodhaka ko eka DAyarI rakhanI cAhiye / isameM use apane kiye gaye dainaMdina 1. kAdambinI (mAsika prakAzana, jUna 1975), nibandha : taskarI ke jAla meM kalA-kRtiyA~', prastotA : . zrI ratIlAla zAhIna : 10 44 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #98
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/71 udyogoM kA pUrA vivaraNa denA cAhiye / usameM ye bAteM rahanI cAhiye : gA~va kA paricaya, jisake yahA~ grantha milatA hai usa vyakti kA nAma, usakI jAti, usake mA~-bApa kA paricaya, usakI pIr3hiyoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa tathA yaha sUcanA bhI ki vaha graMtha unake ghara meM kaba se hai| isa prakAra usa grantha kA usa ghara meM Ane aura rahane kA pUrA itihAsa usa DAyarI meM surakSita ho jAyagA / kitane grantha Apako mile aura vaha kisa dazA meM the, veSTanoM meM lapeTe hue rakhe the yA yoM hI Dhera meM par3e the ? yaha ullekha karane kI bhI jarUrata hai ki ve grantha patroM ke rUpa meM haiM yA silI pustaka ke rUpa meM / granthakAra yA racayitA kA samasta upalabdha paricaya deN| jisa vyakti ke pAsa vaha grantha hai usa vyakti se racayitA ke sambandha kA pUrA paricaya bhI deN| grantha kA lekhaka kauna hai ? yaha granthakAra kisa samaya huA ? graMtha aura usake legnaka ke saMbaMdha meM kucha kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita hoM to unheM bhI DAyarI meM likha lenA caahiye| aba pahalA prayatna to yaha karanA cAhie ki jina granthoM kA patA lagA hai, unheM prApta kara liyA jAya / yadi Apako grantha bheMTa meM yA dAna meM mila jAte haiM to vahuta acchA hai, kintu yadi mUlya se bhI prApta ho jAte haiM to bhI saphalatA meM cAra cA~da lage mAne jAte haiN| kimI pAMDulipi kA mUlya nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina kArya hai / jina kSetroM meM pAMDulipiyoM ke mahattva ke viSaya meM cetanA nahIM hai vahA~ se nAmamAtra kA mUlya dekara pustakeM pAMDulipiyA~ prApta kI gayI haiM kintu jisa kSetra meM yaha cetanA A gayI hai, vahA~ to grantha ke mahattva kA mUlyAMkana kara hI mUlya nirdhArita karanA par3egA / grantha kA mahattva usake racanA-kAla, usameM vaNita viSaya kI utkRSTatA, usakI lekhA-praNAlI kA vaiziSTya, usameM diye citra tathA sajjA kI kalA Adi aneka bAtoM para nirbhara karatA hai| mUlya dekara prApta yA bheMTa, dAna meM prApta granthoM ke sambandha meM vikretA yA dAtA se pramANa-patra lenA bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai| isameM vikretA yA dAtA yahI likhegA ki yaha grantha usakI apanI sampatti hai aura use usake hastAntaraNa kA adhikAra hai| yadi grantha kA svAmitva na mila pAye to bhI grantha kA vivaraNa avazya le lenA cAhiye / vivaraNa lenA yadi grantha ghara le jAne ke lie na mile to samaya nikAla kara grantha ke mAlika ke ghara para hI usakI TIpa le leM / sAdhAraNa paricaya meM sabase pahale usa grantha ke AkAra-prakAra kA bhI paricaya deN| isake bAda Apa dekheM ki vaha kitane pRSTha kA hai, usakI lambAI-caur3AI aura hAziyA kitanA aura kaisA hai ? hAziyA donoM ora kitanA chUTA huA hai aura mukhya likhAvaTa kitane bhAga meM hai / yaha nApa kara hameM likha dene kI AvazyakatA hai / usameM kula kitane pRSTha haiM aura unameM se sabhI pRSTha haiM yA kucha kho gaye haiM, pUrI pustaka meM pRSTha kahA~-kahA~ kaTe-phaTe hone se hameM sahAyatA nahIM pahuMcAte, chandoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hai, kisI chanda kA krama bhaMga to nahIM hai, adhyAya ke anusAra to chanda nahIM badale gaye haiM ? eka pUre pRSTha meM kitanI paktiyA~ haiM ? isa taraha hareka pRSTha kI paMktiyA~ ginanA jarUrI hai| yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki usakA kAgaja kisa prakAra yahA~ taka grantha kA bAharI paricaya pAne kA prayatna huA / aba hama grantha ke antaraMga kI ora calate haiN| isameM tIna bAteM dekhanI cAhiye, pahalI bAta to yaha dekhanI hogI ki prArambha meM granthakAra ne kyA kisI devatA yA rAjA kI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #99
72/pANDulipi-vijJAna stuti kI hai, apane guru ko stuti kI hai ? phira kyA apanA tathA apane kuTumba kA paricaya diyA hai aura kyA racanA kA racanAkAla diyA hai ? kahIM-kahIM ye bAteM grantha ke anta meM hotA hai / yaha 'puSpikA' kahalAtI hai / prAyaH grantha ke anta meM anukramaNikA bhI hotI hai, aura praloka jyA de dI jAtI hai / inakI TIpa lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| ___ jo hastalikhita grantha Apako upalabdha hue haiM yadi unameM se kucha aise haiM jo chapa cuke haiM to bhI unakI avahelanA nahIM karanI cAhiye / ve bahuta mUlyavAna siddha ho sakate haiM / kabhIkabhI unameM bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se anokhI vIjeM milane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ve pAThAlocana meM upayogI ho sakate haiM / aba yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki usa grantha kI bhASA kima prakAra kI hai| usameM kitane prakAra ke kitane chanda haiM aura kauna-kauna se viSaya grantha meM Ae haiM, una viSayoM kA graMtha meM kisa prakAra ullekha kiyA gayA hai ? pAMDulipiyoM meM sAdhAraNataH tithiyA~ khAsa DhaMga se dI huI hotI haiN| bahudhA ye tithiyA~ aura saMvat 'aMkAnAM vAmato gatiH' ke anusAra ulaTe par3he jAte haiM / phira yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki usa graMtha kI zailI kyA hai ? usameM sphuTapada haiM athavA vaha pravandhakAvya hai, Adi se anta taka samasta graMtha chaMda meM hI lilA gayA hai yA bIca-bIca meM gadya bhI sammilita hai, gadya kisa abhiprAya se kisa rUpa meM AyA hai, ina bAtoM kA bhI TIpa meM vivaraNa diyA jAnA cAhiye / vivaraNa prastuta karane kA svarUpa isa prakAra grantha taka pahu~ca kara aura usase kucha paricita hokara pahalI AvazyakatA hotI hai ki usakA vyavasthita vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAya / yahA~ hama kucha vivaraNa uddhRta kara rahe haiM, jinase unake vaijJAnika yA vyavasthita svarUpa kI sthApanA meM sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| udAharaNa : kubjikAmatam kA 1898-99 meM mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAda zAstrI ne eziyATika sosAyaTI prAva baMgAla ke tattvAvadhAna meM nepAla rAjya ke darabAra pustakAlaya ke granthoM kA avalokana kiyA aura una granthoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyaa| usameM se eka grantha 'kabjikAmatam' kA vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| (ka) (29|kaa) (kha) kubjikAmatam (kulAlikAbhnAyAntargatam) (ga) 10X1. inches, (gha) Folio, 152 (Da) Lines 6 on a page (ca) Extent 2,964 slokas, (cha) Character Newari, (ja) Date ; Newar Era 229, (bha) Appearence, Old (st; Verse. BEGINNING OM namo mahAbhairavAyA saMkartA maNDalAnte kramapadanihitAnandazaktiH subhImA zRsTakSADhyaM catuSkaM akulakulanataM paMcakaM cAnyapaTkam / catvAraH paMcako'nyaH punarapi caturastatvatI maNDaledaM saMsTaSTaM yena tasmai namata gurutaraM bhairavaM zrIkujezam / / 2 / / 1. Sastri, H. P.--A Catalogue of Palm leaf and Selected Paper MSS belonging to the Durhar Library. Nepal. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #100
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/73 zrI ........... ___ marimavataH pRSThe trikUTazikharAnugam santAnapuTamadhya sthamanekA kArarUpiNam // ........."triprakArantu trizakti triNuNojvalam candra sUryakRtA.............."svAhni dedIpyavarcasam / .................................................................... kAryakAraNAbhedena kiMcitkAlamapekSayA / tiSThate bhairavIzAnaM maunamAMdAya nizcalam (?) tatra devagaNAH sarve sakinnaramahoragA / kurvanti kalakalArAvaM samAgatya samIpataH / / zrutvA kalakalArAvaM ko bhavAn kimihAgataH himavAn tu zrasatrAtmA gatohyanveSaNaM prati // ityAdi / nAnena rahitA siddhimuktirna vidyate / nirAdhArapadaM hya tat tadveda paramapadam / / COLOPHON iti kulAlikA bhAMye zrImat kubjikAmate samastasthAnAvabodhazcaryA nirdezo (2) nAma paMcaviMzatimaH paTala samAptaH / saMvat 299 phAlguna kRSNA / viSaya: iti zrI kulAlikAnbhAye zrI kubjikAmate candradvIpAvatAro nAmaH 11 paTala / ApayyAya kaumAryAdhikArI nAma / / manthAnabheda pracAraratisaMgamo nAma / / mantranirNayo gahvara mAlinyo dvAre / / bRhatsamayoddhAraH zabdarAzi mAlinItadgraha vyApti nirNaya 151 mudrAnirNayaH 161 maMtroddhAre SaMDagavidhAdhikAronAma 171 svacchandazikhAdhikAro nAma 181 ziravAkalyeka dezA (?) nAma / devyAsamayo (?) nAma mantroccAre / 10 / SaTprakAra nirNayo nAma 1111 SaTprakAradhikAravarNano 1121 dakSiNASaT kapaTijJAno nAma / 13 / devIdUtI nirNayo nAma 1141 SaT prakAre yoginI nirNayaH / 151 SaT prakAre mahAnanda mantrako nAma / 16 / padadvaya haisa nirNayo nAma 1171 catuSkasya padamedam 1181 catuSka nirNayo 1191 jaya nAma nAma For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #101
74/pANDulipi-vijJAna nAma candra dvIpAyatAro dvIpAnAyo nAma samasta vyastavyAdhi nirNayo nAma triH kAlamut kAnti sambandhaH tadgraMhya pUjA vidhi pavitrAroharaNam samasta sthAnAvaskaMghazcaryA nirdezo (?) nAma 1201 1211 1221 1231 1241 1251 isameM sabase pahale (ka) grantha kI pustakAlaya-gata saMkhyA vidita hotI hai| yaha granthasandarbha hai / (kha) pustaka kA nAma usakI upa-vyAkhyA ke sAtha hai| upa-vyAkhyA koSThakoM meM dI gaI hai| (ga) meM pustaka kA AkAra batAne ke lie pRSTha kI lambAI 10 iMca, caur3AI 11 iMca batAI gaI hai / ise saMkSepa meM yoM 10" x 1" batAyA gayA hai| (gha) meM pholiyo yA pRSTha saMkhyA batAI gaI hai / yaha 152 hai| (Ga) meM pratyeka pRSTha meM paMkti saMkhyA batAyI gayI hai| 6 paMkti prati pRSTha / (ca) meM grantha parimANa-kula zloka saMkhyA 2964 batAyI gayI hai| (cha) meM lipi prakAra hai-lipi prakAra 'nevArI lipi' batAyA gayA hai| (ja) meM tithi kA ullekha hai-yaha hai nevArI saMvat 299 / (jha) meM 'rUpa' kA vivaraNa hai-rUpa meM yaha prati prAcIna lagatI hai / padyabaddha hai, yaha bAta (a) meM batAyI gayI hai| itanI sUcanAeM dekara grantha meM se pahale prArambha ke kucha padya udAharaNArtha diye gaye haiM / taba 'anta' ke bhI kucha aMza udAharaNasvarUpa diye gaye haiM / yahIM puSpikA (Colophon) uddhRta kI gaI hai / yahA~ taka grantha ke rUpa-vinyAsa kA Avazyaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| taba viSaya kA kucha vizeSa paricaya dene ke lie kramAta 'viSaya sUcI' de dI gaI hai / pratyeka viSaya ke Age dI gaI saMkhyA paricchedasUcaka hai| udAharaNa : DaoN. TesoTarI ke sarvekSaNa se __aba ekA uddharaNa DaoN0 TesITarI ke rAjasthAnI grantha sarvekSaNa se diyA jAtA hai| eziyATika sosAiTI oNva baMgAla ne inheM 1914 meM supariTeMDenTa 'vAraDika eNDa hisTorikala sarve oNva rAjapUtAnA' bnaayaa| unake ye grantha-sarvekSaNa 1917-18 ke bIca meM sosAiTI dvArA prakAzita kiye gye| inhIM meM se 'gadyabhAga' ke antargata 'granthAMka 6' kA vivaraNa 'paramparA' meM DaoN. nArAyaNasiMha bhATI dvArA kiye gaye anuvAda ke rUpa meM nIce diyA jA granthAMka-6-nAgaura ke mAmale rI bAta nai kavitA guTake ke rUpa meM eka choTA-sA graMtha, patra 132, AkAra 50x51" pR. 21 ba 26 ba, 45ba-96ba, tathA 121 ba-132 ba khAlI haiN| likhe hue pannoM meM 13 se 27 akSaroM vAlI 7 se 16 taka paMktiyA~ haiN| pR0 100-125 para sAdhAraNa (nausikhie ke banAye hue) citra pAnI ke raMgoM meM 'rasUla rA dUhA' ko citrita karane ke lie banAe gae haiM (dekheM nIce gh)| grantha koI 250 varSa purAnA lipibaddha hai / pR0 7 ba para lipikAla saM0 1696 jeTha suda 13 zanivAra aura lekhaka kA nAma raghunAtha diyA gayA hai / lipi mAravAr3I 1. 'paramparA' (bhAga 28-29), pR. 25-2611 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #102
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna / 75 hai aura Da tathA Da meM bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai / grantha meM nimna kRtiyA~ haiM : - (ka) parihA~ duhA vagere phuTakara vAtAM, pR0 1 9 11 ba (kha) nAgaura rai mAmale rI kavitA, pR0 12 a 21 a| / . . isameM tIna prazasti kavitAe~ haiM-eka gIta eka jhamAka tathA eka nIsAraNI jisakA viSaya karaNasiMha aura nAgaura ke amarasiMha kI pratispardhA hai, jisakA uddharaNa dUsare anuccheda meM nIce diyA gayA hai| ina kavitAoM meM mukhyatayA bIkAnera ke senAdhyakSa muhatA vIracanda kI vIratA kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| gIta kA racayitA jagA hai aura jhamAka kA lekhaka cAraNa devarAja bIkUpuriyA hai / nIsAMNI ke lekhaka kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai| tIna kavitAoM kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ kramazaH nimna prakAra haiM : - gIta--dalAMthama rUdaru bha..............."pAdi jhamAla-kairava pA~Dava kalahIyA......"pAdi nIsAMNI-abarala davI aSaTa sapara""""nAdi (ga) nAgaura rai mAmale rI bAta, pR0 27 a-45 ba / jAkhaNiyA grAma ko lekara bIkAnera aura nAgaura ke bIca saM0 1699-1700 ke madhya jo saMgharSa huA thA usakA bar3A bArIka aura dilacaspa vRtAMta isameM hai / jabase nAgaura, jodhapura ke rAjA gajasiMha ke putra rAva amarasiMha ko manasaba meM pradAna kiyA gayA, jAkhaNiyA gAMva bIkAnera ke mahArAjA ke adhikAra meM hI calA AtA thA parantu saM0 1699 meM nAgaurI logoM ne jAkhaNiyA grAma ke Asa-pAsa kheta bo diye isase jhagar3e kA sUtrapAta huA jisakA anta saM0 1700 ke yuddha ke bAda huA, jisameM amarasiMha kI phauja ko khader3a diyA gayA aura usakA senApati siMghavI sIMhamala bhAga khar3A huA / yuddha sambandhI vRrtAnta TheTha amarasiMha kI mRtyu taka calA hai / yaha choTI-sI kRti bar3e mahattva kI hai kyoMki isameM aneka bAtoM para bArIkI se prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo usa samaya kI sAmantI jIvana-vyavasthA para acchA prakAza DAlatI haiM / isakA prArambha hotA hai-- bIkAnera mahArAjA zrI karanIsiMha jI rai rAja ne nAgaura rAu amarasiMha gajasiMghAta ro rAja su nAgaura bIkAnera ro kaoNkar3a gAMva (0) 1 jASapIyo su gA~va bIkAnera ro huto ne nAgaura rA kahe nu gAMva mAharodvIvahIja asaraco huto......"prAdi / ' anta isa prakAra hai isar3o kAma muhate rAmacanda nu phabIyo bar3o nAvaM huyo pAtasAhI mAhe badIto huvo isar3o bIkAnera kAhI kAmadAra huyo na ko husii| (gha) rasAlU rA dUhA pR0 99 va 115 ba / isameM 33 dohe haiN| prArambha-U~ca (?) 3 mahalla cavaMdar3I / / 2 / / yaha dUsare dohe kA cauthA caraNa hai aura antima rAjA bhoju juhAravai // 3111 (Ga) kivalAsa rA dUhA pR0 116 3--117 ba / isameM 30 chanda haiM / prArambha kiraNahI sAvaraNa sNyog-aadi| isa vivaraNa meM TesITarI mahodaya ne sabase pahale grantha ke AkAra ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie ise guTakA batAyA hai| usake Age bhI vyAkhyA meM 'choTA-sA grantha' kahA hai| TesITarI mahodaya grantha kI AkRti ke sAtha usake veSTana Adi kA bhI ullekha kara dete haiM : yathA, graMthAMka eka meM pahalI hI paMkti hai "394 patroM kA camar3e kI jilda meM ba~dhA vRhadAkAra grantha" / saMthAMka 2 meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai ki "kapar3e kI jilda meM ba~dhA 82 patroM kA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #103
76 pANDulipi-vijJAna sAmAnya graMtha" / taba patroM kI saMkhyA batAyI hai, '132' / patroM kA AkAra hai 5" x51" / ina 132 patroM meM sAmagrI kA ThIka anumAna batAne ke lie yaha bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ki kitane aura kauna-kauna se pRSTha khAlI haiN| phira paMktiyoM kI ginatI prati pRSTha tathA pratyeka paMkti meM akSara kA anumAna bhI batAyA gayA hai ki isameM 13 se 27 akSaroM vAlI 7 se 16 taka paMktiyA~ haiN| pustaka citrita hai| citra kitane haiM ? kaise haiM ? aura kisa viSaya ke haiM, inakA vivaraNa bhI diyA gayA hai-- citra kitane haiM ? 16 kina pRSThoM para haiM ? 'pR. 100-~~115 taka' para / kaise haiM ? nausikhiye ke banAye, pAnI ke raMgoM ke / viSaya kyA hai ? 'rasula rA dUhA' ko citrita karane vAle / phira lipikAla kA anumAna diyA gayA hai :-- "koI 250 varSa purAnA lipibaddha / " yadi lekhaka aura lipikAra kA bhI ullekha kahIM grantha meM huA hai to usakA vivaraNa bhI hai kahA~ ullekha hai ? pR0 7 ba para lipikAla kyA hai ? sa0 1696, jeTha suda 13, zanivAra lipikAra kA nAma kyA hai ? raghunAtha lipi kI prakRti bhI batAyI gayI hai--lipi maarvaadd'ii| eka vaiziSTya bhI batAyA hai ki 'Da' tathA 'Da' meM antara nahIM kiyA gyaa| taba grantha ke viSaya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| kucha aura udAharaNa leM : anya udAharaNa : pRthvIrAja rAso (ka) prati saM0 5 (kha) sAija 10X11 iMca (ga) 1-pustakAkAra, (ga) 2-apUrNa, aura (ga) 3-bahuta burI dazA meM hai| (gha) isake Adi ke 25 aura anta ke kaI panne gAyaba haiM jisase Adi-parva ke prArambha ke 67 rUpaka aura antima prastAva (vANa vedha samyoM) ke 66veM rUpaka ke bAda kA samasta bhAga jAtA rahA hai| isa samaya isa prati ke 786 (26-812) panne maujUda haiN| bIca meM sthAna-sthAna para panne kore rakhe gaye haiM jinakI saMkhyA kula milAkara 25 hotI hai| prArambha ke 25 pannoM ke naSTa ho jAne se isa bAta kA anumAna to lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki anta ke bhI itane hI panne gAyaba hue haiM / (Da) 1-para anta ke ina 25 pannoM meM kauna-kaunase prastAva likhe hue the, inameM kitane panne khAlI the, isa prati ko likhavAne kA kAma kaba pUrA hA thA aura (Ga) 2-yaha kisake lie likhI gaI thI ? ityAdi bAtoM ko jAnane kA ina pannoM ke gAyaba ho jAne se aba koI sAdhana nahIM hai| lekina prati eka-do varSa ke alpakAla meM likhI gaI ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki (ca) isameM nau-dasa taraha kI likhAvaTa hai aura (cha) prastAvoM kA bhI koI nizcita krama nahIM hai| jJAta hotA hai, rAso ke bhinna-bhinna prastAva jisa krama se aura jaba-jaba bhI hastagata hue ve usI krama se isameM likha liye gaye haiN| (ja) 'sasivratA samyo', For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #104
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusadhAna/77 'malaSa yuddha samya' aura 'anaMgapAla samyoM' ke nIce unakA lekhana-kAla bhI diyA huA hai| ye prastAva kramazaH saM0 1770, saM. 1772 aura saM. 1773 ke likhe hue haiM, ledina 'citrarekhA,' 'durgAkedAra' Adi do eka prastAva isameM aise bhI haiM jo kAgaja Adi ko dekhate hue inase 25-30 varSa pahale ke likhe hue dikhAI par3ate haiN| sAtha hI, 'lohAnA ajAna bAhu samyau' spaSTa hI saM0 1800 ke Asa-pAsa kA likhA huA hai / kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki rAsau kI yaha eka aisI prati hai jisako taiyAra karane meM anumAnataH 60 varSa (maM. 1740-180(3) kA samaya lagA hai| bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke hAtha kI likhAvaTa hone se prati ke sabhI pRSThoM para paMktiyoM aura akSaroM kA parimANa bhI ekasA nahIM hai| kisI pRSTha para 13 paMktiyAM, kisI para 15, kisI para 25 aura kisI-kisI para 27 taka paMktiyA~ haiN| likhAvaTa prAyaH sabhI lipikAroM kI sundara aura supAThya hai / pATha bhI adhikatara zuddha hI hai| do eka lipikAroM ne saMyuktAkSaroM meM likhane meM asAvadhAno kI hai aura khkha, ga, tta ityAdi ke sthAna para kramazaH kha, ga, ta Adi likha diyA hai, jisase kahIM-kahIM chaMdobhaMga dikhAI detA hai / para aise sthAna bahuta adhika nahIM haiN| isameM 67 prastAda haiN| uparokta prati saM0 2 ke mukAbale meM isameM tIna prastAva (vivAha samyauM, padmAvatI samyauM aura reNasI samyoM) kama aura eka (samarasI dillI sahAya samyoM) adhika haiN| ___ isa prati meM se 'sasivratA samyo' kA thor3A-sA bhAga hama yahA~ dete haiM / yaha samyau, jaisA ki Upara batalAyA jA cukA hai, saM0 1770 kA likhA huA hai---- dUhA Adi kathA zAzivRta kI kahata aba samUla / dillI vai patisAha gRhi kahi lahi unamUla / / 1 / / arilla grISama Rtu krIDaMta surAjana / Siti ukalaMta Seha nabha chAjana / / viSama bAya tappita tanu bhAjana / lAgI zIta sumIra surAjana / / kavitta lAgI zIta kala maMda nIra nikaTaM surajata SaTa / amita suraMga sugaMdha tanaha ubaTaMta rajata paTa / malaya canda mallikA dhAma dhArA-gRha suvara / raMji vipina vATikA zIta druma chAMha rajatatara // kumakumA aMga ubaTaMta pradhi madhi kesari dhanasAra dhani / kIlaMta rAja grISama suriti Agama pAvasa taIya bhani / isakI prati mevAr3a ke prasiddha kavi rAva bakhtAvara jI ke pautra zrI mohanasiMha jI rAva ke pAsa hai| 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja (prathama bhAga), pR. 64-65 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #105
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 78 / pANDulipi - vijJAna www.kobatirth.org isa vivaraNa meM 'ka' ke dvArA to grantha kA kramAMka diyA gayA hai / (kha) meM AkAra yA sAija dI gaI hai --- 10 iMca caur3I X 11 iMca lambI (ga) meM viziSTa AkAra batAyA gayA hai - isameM pahale to yaha ullekha hai ki yaha pustakAkAra hai / pustakAkAra se abhiprAya hai ki silI huI pustaka hai, patrAkAra nahIM ki jisameM patra alaga-alaga rahate haiM / phira, kucha antaraMga paricaya diyA hai ki pustaka apUrNa hai / phira UparI dazA batAI gaI hai| 'bahuta burI dazA' | dazA kA yaha varNana lekhaka ne apanI ruci ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| 'burI dazA' kI vyAkhyA nahIM dI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (gha) meM Antarika vivaraNa hai-- pahale isakA sthUla pakSa hai / isa sthUla pakSa meM 'pannoM kI dazA' batAI gaI hai| isameM jina bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai ve haiM : panne gAyaba haiM kyA ? kitane aura kahA~ kahA~ se gAyaba haiM ? kyA kucha panne ko chor3a diye gaye haiM ? kore chor3e gaye haiM ? aba kula kitane panne grantha meM haiM ? grantha kI vastu ko grahaNa karane meM 'kucha par3I hai kitane aura kahA~ panne kyA panne kI aisI dazA ? yaha antima prazna sthUla pakSa se sambandhita nahIM hai / yaha to antaraMga pakSa arthAt graMtha kI vastu se sambandhita hai / vastutaH yaha sthUla aura antaraMga ko jor3ane kA prayatna bhI karatA hai / isI dRSTi se yaha prazna bhI yahA~ diyA gayA hai / (Ga) aba antaraMga pakSa meM nimnalikhita bAtoM kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai : pahalI bAta to yahI batAyI gayI hai ki pannoM ke gAyaba ho jAne yA naSTa ho jAne kA kyA prabhAva par3A hai ? yaha sUcanA dI jAtI hai ki 'ina pRSThoM meM kyA thA aba nahIM batAyA jA sakatA, anya Avazyaka sUcanAe~ bhI nahIM mila sakatIM / ' (ca) antaraMga pakSa meM hI yaha jAnakArI apekSita hotI hai ki pustaka meM eka hI likhAvaTa hai yA kaI likhAvaTeM haiM / (cha) kyA adhyAya - krama ThIka hai, yA prastavyasta aura prakrama (rAsI meM adhyAya ko 'prastAva' yA 'samyo' kA nAma diyA gayA hai / ) udAharaNa : rukmiNI maMgala (ja) grantha meM lipikAla kI sUcanAe~ yA anya sUcanAe~ kyA-kyA haiM ? ye sabhI bAteM Antarika vivaraNa ke antaraMga pakSa se sambandhita haiM / vivaraNa- lekhaka upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para anumAnAzrita apane niSkarSa bhI de sakatA hai / eka aura vivaraNa leM : 327 - rukmiNI maMgala, padama bhagata kRta / (ka) pratyeka rAga-rAginI ke antargata prAe chandoM kI saMkhyA pRthak-pRthak hai / (kha) patra saMkhyA - 83 hai / (ga) apekSAkRta moTe dezI kAgaja para hai / (gha) zrAkAra 11x5.5 iMca kA hai / (Ga) hAziyA - dAe~ - eka iMca, bA~e-eka iMca hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #106
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna/79 (ca) paMkti-prati pRSTha 10 paMktiyA~ haiM / (cha) akSara-prati paMkti 26-30 taka akSara haiM / (ja) lipi-pAThya hai, kintu bIca meM kaI pannoM ke Apasa meM cipaka jAne se kahIM-kahIM apAThya hai| (jha) zrI sAhabarAmajI dvaaraa| (Ja) yaha prati saM0 1935 meM lipibaddha kI gyii| (Ta) prApti sthAna-lohAvaTa sAtharI hai| (Tha) Adi kA aMza-"zrI viSNu jI zrI rAmacandra jI nama" (Da) atha zrI pradamaIyA kRta (Dha) rukamaNI maMgala liSataM : (Na) dohA - "saMsAra sAgara athAga jala // sUjhata bAra na pAra // gura gobinda kRpA karo / / gA~vA~ maMgala cAra // 1 // " (ta) anta kA aMza-jo maMgala kU suna gAya guna hai bAje adhika bajAya pUraNa brihya padama ke svAmI mukta bhakta phala pAya / / 5 / / 192 (tha) ItI zrI padamaIyA kRta rukamaNI maMgala sampUrNa (tha) 1-samvat 1935 rA vRSa mItI bhAdravAda 4 vAra AditavAre lIpIkRtaM (tha) 2-zAdha zrI 108 zrI mahaMtajI zrI prAtamArAmajI kA siSa zAyavarAMmega (tha) 3-gA~va phITakAsaNI medhe (tha) 3-1 viSNujI ke mIdara meM (tha) 4-jIsI pratI deSI (prati) tasI liSI mama dosa na dIjIye-- . (tha) 4-1 hAtha pAva kara kubaDI muSa aru nIce naina / Ina kaSTA pothI lISI tuma nIke - rASIyo sena / (da) subhamastu kalyANamastu viSNujI / (bhinna hastalipi meM) (dha) 1-pratI vyAvalo zrIkisana rukamaNI ro maMgalAcAra rI pothI sAda goMvidadAsa viSNu baiIrAgI kI koI ujara karaNa pAvainhI // sAda rUparAma visanoiyA~ rA kanAM su lIno cha gA~va rAmar3AvAsa rA chai / / ...isameM (ka) meM kRtikAra kA nAma diyA gayA hai / : (kha) meM yaha sUcanA hai ki rAga-rAginI meM chanda saMkhyA alaga-alaga hai| (yaha antaraMga pakSa hai) . (ga), 'kAgaja' viSayaka sUcanA (prAkAra evaM svarUpa pakSa se sambandhita) moTA dezI kAgaja / vastutaH kAgaja yA lipyAsana kI prakRti batAnA bahuta Avazyaka hai / kabhIkabhI isase kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bhI sahAyatA milatI hai, kAgaja ke vividha prakAroM kA jJAna bhI apekSita hai| (gha) meM AkAra batAte hue iMcoM meM lambAI-caur3AI batAyI gaI hai| (Ga) yaha lekhana-sajjA se sambandhita hai : hAziye kaise chor3e gaye haiM : dA~ye aura bA~ye donoM .. ora hAziye haiM : 1. mAhezvarI, hIrAlAma (DaoN.)-jAmbhojI, viSNoI sampradAya aura sAhitya, pR. 120 1 . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #107
80 / pANDulipi - vijJAna (ca) meM pratyeka pRSTha meM paMkti-saMkhyA kA nirdeza hai / (cha) meM prati paMkti meM akSara saMkhyA batAyI gayI hai / (ja) meM lipi - isameM supAThya yA pAThya kI bAta batAyI gaI hai / ( lipi kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai / lipi nAgarI hai / ) (jha) meM lipikAra kA nAma, (na) meM lipibaddha karane kI tithi, (Ta) meM prApti-sthAna kI sUcanA hai / Antarika paricaya : (Tha) meM grantha ke 'Adi' se avataraNa diyA gayA hai / granthArambha 'namokAra' se hotA hai : isameM sAmpradAyika iSTa ko namaskAra hai / (Da) grantha ke Adi meM puSpikA hai / isameM racanAkAra aura (Dha) grantha kA nAma diyA gayA hai / taba Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (ga) grantha kA prathama dohA uddhRta hai, yaha dohA 'maMgalAcaraNa' hai / (ta) meM 'anta ke aMza kA uddharaNa hai, jisameM grantha kI 'phala zruti' hai, yathA 'mukti bhakti phalapAyA' (da) (dha) (tha) meM grantha ke anta ko 'puSpikA' (Colophon ) hai / jisameM 'iti' aura 'sampUrNa' se grantha ke anta aura sampUrNa hone kI sUcanA ke sAtha racanAkAra evaM grantha-nAma diyA gayA hai / taba (tha) 1 - lipibaddha karane kI tithi, (tha) 2 - lipikAra kA paricaya, (tha) 3 - meM lipibaddha kiye jAne ke sthAna - gA~va kA nAma hai evaM (tha) 3-1 usa gA~va meM vaha viziSTa sthAna (viSNu mandira) jahA~ baiTha kara likhI gaI / (tha) 4 -- lipikAra kI pratijJA aura doSAroparaNa kI varjanA hai / (tha) 4-1 meM pAThaka evaM saMrakSaka se nivedana hai, isakA svarUpa paramparAgata hai / AzIrvacana | 1 - bhinna hastalipi meM pustaka ke mAlika kI ghoSaNA / udAharaNa-- eka pothI eka aura grantha ke vivaraNa ko udAharaNArtha yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| isa grantha kA vivaraNa meM lekhaka ne 'pothI'' batAyA hai| 81 pothI, jildabaMdhI (ba, prati ) / yatra-tatra khaNDita / ekAdha patra aprApya / apekSAkRta moTA dezI kAgaja / patra saMkhyA 152 | AkAra 10x7 iMca / hAziyA - dAe~ bAe~ : pauna iMca / tIna lipikAroM dvArA saM0 1832 se 1839 taka lipibaddha / lipi, sAmAnyataH pAThya / paMkti, prati pRSTha | (ka) harajI likhita racanAoM meM 23-29 taka paMktiyA~ haiM / (kha) tulakhIdAsa likhita sabadavAraNI meM 31 paMktiyA~ haiM, tathA / (ga) dhyAnadAsa likhita racanAoM meM 24-25 paMktiyA~ haiM / akSara-prati-paMkti-kramazaH (ka) meM 18 se 20 taka, (kha) meM 24 se 25 taka tathA (ga) meM 23 se 25 taka 1 1. mAhezvarI hIrAlAla (DaoN.) -- jAmbhojI, viSNoI sampradAya aura sAhitya, pR. 41-42 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #108
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna 81 gA~va 'mukAma' ke zrI badarIrAma thApana ko prati hone se isakA nAma ba0 prati rakhA gayA hai / isameM ye racanAeM haiM(ka) aautAra pAta kA bANa, bolhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA 140 / (kha) gUgalIya kI kathA, bIlhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA 86 / (prathama racanA kA antima aura dUsarI ke prArambha kA eka pannA bhUla se zAyada jilda bAMdhate samaya, 'kathA jaisalamera kI' ke bIca meM laga gayA hai / ) (ga) saca aSarI vigatAvalI, bIlhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA-48 / (gha) kathA dUraNapura kI, bIlhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA-60 / (ka) va.thA jaisalamera kI, bIlhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA-89 (ca) kathA jhorar3A kI, bIlhojI kRta / chanda saMkhyA-33 / (cha) kathA UdA atalI kI, kesaujI kRta / chanda saMkhyA-77 / (ja) kathA sa~se joSAgI kI, kaisaudAsajI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-106 / (jha) kathA cItor3a kI, kaisaudAsajI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-130 / (na) kathA pulhejI kI, bIlhojI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-25 / (Ta) kathA asakaMdara pAtisAha kI, kesaudAsajI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-191 / (8) kathA bAla-lIlA, kaisIdAsajI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-61 / (Da) kathA dhramacArI tathA kathA-cetana, sUrajanadAsa jI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-115 / (Dha) gyAMna mahAtama, surajanadAsajI kRta / chaMda saMkhyA-199 / sabhat 1832 mitI jeTha bada 13 liSate variNabAla harajI liSAvataM atita rAsAjI lAlAjI kA celA pothI gA~va jASAMNIyA majhe liSI chai subha masatu kalyANa / / kathA caturadasa meM liSI araja karU kara dhAri / ghaTya badhi akSara jo huvai / santo lyauha sudhAri / / 1 / / (Na) pahalAda cirata, kasaudAsajI kRta / chanda sNkhyaa-595| (ta) zrI vAyaka jhAMbhajI kA (sabadavAraNI) padya prasaMga sameta / sabada saMkhyA-1171 Adi kA aMza-zrI paramAtmanenamaH zrI gaNesAyanamaH / liSate zrI vAyaka jhAMbhajI kA // kArya karavaM jala rssyaa| sabada jagAyA dIpa / vAMbhaNa kUparacA diyA / asA asA acaraja kIpa ||1|| jo bUjhyA soI kahyA / alaSa laSAyA meva / / ghoSA savai gmaaiiyaa| jadi sabada kahayA abhadeva / / 2 / / zabada / / gura cInho gura cinha pirohita / / gura muSa dharama vaSANIM / / anta kA aMza : bhalIyA~ hoi ta mala budhi Ave / buriyA buri kamAve / / 117 / / saMvata 1833 // titha tIja bhAdavo sudi / sahara gora madhye lisste| vaSata sAgara taTe / liSAvatU rAsA pratIta jhaaNbhaapNthii| zabada jhAMbhajI kA sapUraNa / / liSatetU tulIchIdAsa / / jhAMbhArpathI kesodAsa jI kA celA / kesodAsa jI kAlIposa / bAbAjI nUra jI kA siSa / nUrajI rAjajI kA siSa / pairAja jI jasANI / Age bAbA jhAMbhAjI tAI pIr3hI meM su hama jAMNata bhI nAMhI / jisI musAhiba jI kI lipati thI tisI liSI cha yathArtha priti For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #109
82, pANDulipi-vijJAna utArI cha / sbd|| dohA ||kvit|| arila jo kucha thA soI ||th| kavata surajanajI rA kahyA, saMkhyA 329 / samat 1839 rA baisASa mAse tithau 5 devA guravAre liSataM vaiSNava / / dhyAMnadAsa dugAlI madhye jathA prati tathA liSataM / / vAce vicArai tiNanu rAma rAma / (da) homa ko pADha (dha) grAdi baMsAvalI / (na) vivarasa (pa) kalasa thApana (pha) pAhala / (ba) caujUgI vIvAha kI / (bha) pAMhali (punaH) Adi-zrI gaNesAyanamaH zrI sAradAya namaH zrI visanajI sata sahI / / liSatu autAra pAta kA vaSANa // duhA / / navaNi karU gura ApaNa / / nauM niramala bhaay| kara jor3e baMdU caraNa / / sIsa navAya navAya / / anta-ma cha ko pAhali / / kacha kI pAhalI / / bArA kI pAhalI / / nArisiMgha kI pAhali / / vAMvana kI pAhali pharasarAma kI pAhali rAma lakSamaNa kI pAhali / kana kI pAhali budha kI pAhali nikalaMkI paahli-|| Upara kucha granthoM ke vivaraNa (Notices) uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| sAtha hI pratyeka vivaraNa meM AyI bAtoM kA bhI saMketa hamane apanI TippariNayoM meM kara diyA hai| unake prAdhAra para aba hama grantha ke vivaraNa meM apekSita bAtoM ko vyavasthita rUpa meM yahA~ de denA cAhate haiM : pAMDulipi hAtha meM Ane para vivaraNa lene kI dRSTi se itanI bAteM sAmane AtI haiM :: (1) grantha kA 'atirikta pakSa' / isameM ye bAteM pA sakatI haiM : grantha kA rakha-rakhAva : veSTana, piTaka, jilda, paTarI (kAMvI), puTThA, DorI, granthi / veSTana kaisA hai ? sAmAnya kAgaja kA hai, kisI kapar3e kA hai, camar3e kA hai yA kisI anya kA ? vaha piTaka, jisameM grantha surakSA kI dRSTi se rakhA gayA hai, kASTha kA hai yA dhAtu kA hai| jilda-yadi grantha jildayukta hai to vaha kaisI hai| jilda kisa vastu kI hai, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| tAr3a-patra kI pAMDulipi para aura khule patroM vAlI pAMDulipi para Upara nIce paTariyA~ yA 'kASTha-paTTa' lagAye jAte haiM, yA paTTha (puTTha) lagAye jAte haiN| inheM vizeSa pAribhASika artha meM 'kaMbikA yA kAMbI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| bhA.ja.zra.saM. ane lekhana kalA meM batAyA hai ki 'tAr3a-patrIya likhita pustakanA rakSaNa mATe tenI Upara ane nIce lAkar3AnI cIpo-pATIoM rAkhavAmAM AvatI tenu nAma 'kaMbikA' che| to yaha bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kyA ye paTTikAyeM grantha ke donoM ora haiN| inake Upara Dore meM granthi lagAne kI granthiyA~ (golAkAra Tukar3e jinameM Dore ko pirokara pakkI gA~Tha lagAyI jAtI hai) bhI haiM kyA? ye kisa vastu kI haiM ? aura kaise haiM ? kyA ina para alaMkaraNa yA citra bhI bane haiM ? alaMkAra aura citra kA vivaraNa bhI diyA jAnA cAhiye / (2) pustaka kA svarUpa---'atirikta pakSa' ke bAda pAMDulipi ke 'svapakSa' para dRSTi jAtI hai / isameM bhI do pahalU hote haiM / bhA, jai. zra saM. ane lekhana kalA meM 'kASTha paTikA' usa lakar3I kI 'paTTI' ko batAyA hai jisa para vyavasAyI loga kaccA hisAba likhate the, aura lekhakagaNa pustaka kA kaccA pATha likhate the / baccoM ko likhanA sikhAne ke lie bhI paTTI kAma AtI thii| yahA~ isa kASTha paTTikA kA ullekha nahIM hai| yahA~ 'kASTha paTiTakA' se 'paTarI' abhipreta hai, jo pAMDulipi kI rakSArtha Upara-nIce lagAyI jAtI hai| 2. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 19 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #110
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusadhAna/83 pahalA pahala pustaka ke sAmAnya rUpa-raMga-viSayaka sUcanA se sambandhita hotA hai| pustaka dekhane meM sundara hai, acchI hai, gandI hai, burI hai, maTamailI hai, jarjara hai, jIrNa-zIrNa hai, Adi / yA bhArI-bharakama hai, moTI hai, patalI hai| vastutaH isa rUpa meM pustaka kA vivaraNa koI artha nahIM rakhatA, upayogI bhI nahIM hai| hA~, yadi sundara hai yA gandI hai na likha kara usake bAhya rUpa-raMga kA paricaya de diyA jAya to use ThIka mAnA jA sakatA hai, yathA, graMtha kA kAgaja gala gayA hai, usa para syAhI ke dhabbe haiM, cikanAI ke dhabbe, haldI ke dAga haiM, retamiTTI, dhue~ prAdi se dhUmila haiM, kIr3e-makor3oM ne, dImaka ne jahA~-tahA~ khA liyA hai, pAnI meM bhIgane se pustaka liddhar3a ho gayI hai, Adi / pustaka ke rUpa kA dUsarA pahalU hai, 'prAkAra-sambandhI' / yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai, aura sabhI vivaraNoM meM isakA ullekha rahatA hai / isameM ye bAteM dI jAtI haiM : (ka) pustaka kA prakAra : prakAra nAmaka adhyAya meM inakI vistRta carcA hai| Ajakala prakAroM ke jo nAma-vizeSa pracalita haiM, ve DaoN0 mAhezvarI ne apane grantha meM diye haiM, ve nimnalikhita haiM : . 1. pothI-prAyaH bIca se silI, prAkAra meM bar3I / 2. guTakA-pothI kI bhA~ti, para choTA : 6X4.5 iMca ke lagabhaga / .. bahInumA pustikA-21X4:25" iMca / adhika lambI bhI hotI hai / 4. pustikA : AkAra 7.5"X525" ke lagabhaga / pothaa| * 6. patrA (khule patroM yA pannoM kA) 7. pAnAvalI (vizeSa vivaraNa 'prakAra' zIrSaka adhyAya meM dekhiye)| (kha) pustaka kA kAgaja yA lipyAsana : sAmAnyata: lipyAsana ke do sthUla bheda kiye gaye haiM : (1) kaThora lipyAsana-miTTI kI IMTeM, zilAe~, dhAtue~, Adi isa varga meM AtI haiM / dharma, patra, chAla, vastra, kAgaja Adi (2) komala mAne jAte haiN| miTTI kI IMTeM, zilA, dhAtu, carma, chAla, tAr3a-patra Adi meM se patra, patthara, dhAtu, carma, chAla, vastra Adi ke prakAroM ko to 'janaka' kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki inase lipyAsana janma lete haiN| inameM inakA prakRta rUpa vidyamAna rahatA hai| udhara kAgaja pUrI taraha 'janita' yA mAnava nirmita hai| yaha vividha vastuoM se banAyA jAtA hai| kAgaja ke bhI kitane hI prakAra hote haiM : yathA-dezI kAgaja, sAmAnya, moTA, patalA, kucha moTA, mazInI aura ye vividha raMgoM ke-bhUrA, bAdAmI, pIlA, nIlA prAdi / isa sambandha meM muni puNyavijaya jI ne jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha dhyAtavya hai : - "kAgaja ne mATe ApaNA prAcIna saMskRta granthAmAM kAgada ane kadgala zabdoM vaparAgrelA jovA mA~ Ave che / jema prAjakAla judA judA dezoM meM nAnA moTA, jhINA jAr3A, sArA narasA Adi aneka jAtanA kAgalo bane che tema jUna jamAnA thI mAMDI Aja paryanta ApaNA dezanA hareka vibhAga mA~ arthAt kAzmIra, dillI, bihAranA paTaNA zAhAbAda Adi jillauM , kAnapura, ghosuDA (mevAr3a), ahamadAbAda, khaMbhAta, kAgajapurI (daulatAbAda pAse) prAdi inake sthalI mA~ pota pItAnI khapata ane jarUrI AtanA pramANamAM kAzmIrI, mugalIyA, aravAla, sAhevakhAnI, ahamadAbAdI, khaMbhAtI, zaNIyA, daulatAbAdI Adi jAta jAtanoM kaoNgalo baTatA ht| ane hanu paNa ghaNe ThekANe bane cha, te mAMthI jeje je sArA, TakAU For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #111
84/pANDulipi-vijJAna ane mAphaka lAne te no te pro pustaka lakhavA mATe upayoga krtaa|"1 isa pustaka meM kAzmIrI kAgaja kI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai| yaha kAgaja bahuta komala aura majabUta hotA thaa| isa vivaraNa meM mevAr3a ke ghosundA ke kAgaja kA ullekha hai, para jayapura meM sAMgAnera kA sAMgAnerI kAgaja bhI bahuta vikhyAta rahA hai / kAgaja ke sambandha meM zrI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA kI nIce dI huI TippaNI bhI jJAnavarddhaka haiM : ___ "syAlakoTa akabara ke samagra meM hI eka prasiddha vidyA-kendra bana gayA thaa| vahA~ para likhane-par3hane kA kAma khUba hotA thA aura kAgaja va syAhI banAne ke udyoga bhI vahA~ para bahata acche calate the / syAlakoTa kA banA hA bar3hiyA kAgaja 'mAnasiMhI kAgaja' ke nAma se prasiddha thA / yahA~ para rezamI kAgaja bhI banatA thaa| isa sthAna ke bane hue kAgaja majabUta, sApha aura TikAU hote the| mukhya nagara ke bAhara tIna 'DhAniyoM' meM yaha udyoga calatA thA aura yahA~ se deza ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI kAgaja bhejA jAtA thaa| dillI ke bAdazAhI daphtaroM meM prAyaH yahA~ kA banA huaA kAgaja hI kAma meM prAtA thaa| isI prakAra kazmIra meM bhI kAgaja to banate hI the, sAtha hI vahA~ para syAhI bhI bahuta acchI banatI thii| kazmIrI kAgajoM para likhe hue grantha bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM milate haiN| jisa prakAra syAlakoTa kAgaja ke lie prasiddha thA usI taraha kazmIra kI syAhI bhI nAmI mAnI jAtI thii| rAjasthAna meM bhI mugalakAla meM jagaha-jagaha kAgaja aura syAhI banAne ke kArakhAne the| jayapura, jodhapura, bhIlavAr3A, gogUdA, bUdI, bAMdIkuI, ToTAbhIma aura savAImAdhopura Adi sthAnoM para aneka parivAra isI vyavasAya se kuTumba pAlana karate the / jayapura aura prAsa-pAsa ke 55 kArakhAne kAgaja banAne ke the, inameM sAMgAnera sabase adhika prasiddha thA aura yahAM kA banA huA kAgaja hI sarakArI daphtaroM meM prayoga meM lAyA jAtA thaa| 200 se 300 varSa purAnA sAMgAnerI kAgaja aura usa para likhita syAhI ke akSara kaI bAra aise dekhane meM Ate haiM mAno Aja hI likhe gaye hoN| zaharoM aura kasboM se dUrI para sthita gA~voM meM prAyaH baniye aura paTavArI logoM ke gharoM va dukAnoM para 'pAThe aura syAhI' milate the| sAMgAnerI moTA kAgaja 'pAThA' kahalAtA thA, aba bhI kahate haiM / 'pAThA' sambhavataH 'patra' kA hI rUpAntara ho| seTha yA paTavArI ke yahA~ hI adhikatara gA~va ke logoM kA likhA-par3hI kA kAma hotA thaa| kadAcit kabhI unake yahA~ lekhana sAmagrI na hotI to vaha kAma usa samaya taka ke lie sthagita kara diyA jAtA jaba taka ki zahara yA pAsa ke bar3e kasbe yA gA~va se 'syAhI' pAThe' na pA jAveM / nukatA yA vivAha Adi ke lie jaba sAmAna kharIdA jAtA to 'syAhI-pAThA' sabase pahale kharIdA jAtA thaa|" tAtparya yaha hai ki jo hastalekha hAtha meM pAyeM unake lipyAsana kI prakRti aura prakAra kA ThIka-ThIka ullekha honA cAhiye / 1. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRni ane lekhana kalA, pR. 29-30 / 2. Surcar, J.-Topography of the Mughal Empire, p. 25. 3. Ibid, p.112. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #112
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 4. www.kobatirth.org pAMDulipi prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna / 85 (kha) 1-- kAgaja ke prakAra ke sAtha kAgaja ke sambandha meM hI kucha anya bAteM aura dI jAtI haiM : 1. 2. 3. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAgaja kA raMga svAbhAvika hai yA kAla - prabhAva se asvAbhAvika ho gayA hai / kyA kAgaja kurakurA (Brittle) ho gayA hai ? kIr3oM-makor3oM yA dImakoM yA cUhoM se khA liyA gayA hai ? kahA~-kahA~, kitanA ? isase grantha ke mahattva ko kyA aura kitanI kSati pahu~cI hai / samasta pAMDulipi meM kyA eka hI prakAra kA kAgaja hai, yA usameM kaI prakAra ke kAgaja haiM ? ina granya bAtoM kA abhiprAya yaha hotA hai ki kAgaja viSayaka jo bhI vaiziSTya hai vaha vidita ho jAya / (kha) 2 -- kAgaja se kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bhI sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se bhI TIpa denI cAhiye / (ga) patroM kI lambAI-caur3AI- -yaha lambAI-caur3AI iMcoM meM dene kI paripATI 'lambAI iMca caur3AI iMca' isa rUpa meM dene meM suvidhA rahatI hai| aba to seMTImITara meM dene kA pracalana bhI Arambha ho gayA hai / 3. pAMDulipi kA rUpa - vidhAna (ka) paMkti evaM prakSara parimANa - sabase pahale lipi kA ullekha honA cAhiye / devanAgarI hai yA anya ?1 yaha lipi zuddha hai yA azuddha ? pAMDulipi ke antaraMga-rUpa kA yaha eka pahalU hai / pratyeka pRSTha meM paMktiyoM kI ginatI dI jAtI hai, dI jAtI hai| inakI zrImata saMkhyA hI dI jAtI hai| akSara-parimANa vidita ho jAtA hai / tathA pratyeka paMkti meM grakSara saMkhyA isase sampUrNa grantha kI sAmagrI kA saMskRta granthoM meM 'anuSTupa' ko eka zloka kI ikAI mAna kara zloka saMkhyA de dI jAtI thI / isa sambandha meM 'bhAgyasaM0 a lekhana kalA' se yaha uddharaNa yahAM denA samIcIna hogA : 3. ........... granthanI zloka saMkhyA garavA mATe koIpaNa sAdhune the nakala ApavAmAM zrAvatI ne te sAdhu "batrIsa grakSaratA zreka zloka" ne hisAve zrAkhA granthanA akSaroM gaNIne zloka saMkhyA nakkI karato" / / 3 battIsa akSara kA eka anuSTupa zloka hotA hai : eka caraNa meM 8 akSara, pUre cAra caraNoM meM 84 = 32 akSara / isa prakAra gaNanA kA mUlAdhAra akSara hI ThaharatA hai / (kha) patroM kI saMkhyA -paMkti evaM grakSaroM kA vivaraNa dekara yaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai ki patroM kI pUrNa saMkhyA bhI de dI jAya / yathA TasITarI, 436 patroM kA vRhadAkAra mAravAr3I lipi meM lipibaddha 1. yathA- desITarI "kucha devanAgarI meM aura kucha hai / " paramparA (28-29), pR. 146 1 2. yaha paddhati bhI hai ki kama se kama akSaroM kI saMkhyA aura adhika se adhika akSaroM kI saMkhyA de dI jAtI hai, yathA 23 se 25 taka / mAratI jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 106 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #113
86/pANDulipi-vijJAna grantha' / patroM kI saMkhyA ke sAtha yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki (ka) patra saMkhyA kA krama ThIka hai, koI idhara-udhara to nahIM ho gayA hai / (kha) koI patra yA panne kore chor3e gaye haiM kyA ? (ga) una para pRSThAMka kaise par3e hue haiM ? (gha) panne vyavasthita haiM aura eka mApa ke haiM yA asta-vyasta aura bhinna-bhinna mApoM vizeSa : 1. isI ke sAtha yaha batAnA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai ki likhAvaTa kaisI haiM-supAThya hai, sAmAnya hai yA kupAThya hai ki par3hI hI nahIM jAtI / supAThya hai to suSTha bhI hai yA nahIM / lipi sauSThava ke sambandha meM ye zloka Adarza prastuta karate haiM : "akSarANi samazIrSANi bartulAni dhanAni ca / parasparamalagnAni, yo likhet sa hi lekhaka : / samAni samazIrSANi, batulAni dhanAni ca / mAtrAsu pratibaddhAni, yo jAnAti sa lekhaka : / "zIrpopetAn susampUrNAn, zubha zreNigatAn samAn akSarAn vai likhed yastu, lekhakaH sa varaH smRtaH // " yathA TesITarI "aneka sthAnoM para par3hA nahIM jAtA kyoMki kharAba syAhI ke prayoga ke kAraNa patra Apasa meM cipaka gaye haiN| 2. yaha bhI batAnA hotA hai ki sampUrNa grantha meM eka hI hAtha kI likhAvaTa hai yA likhAvaTa-bheda hai / likhAvaTa meM bheda yaha siddha karatA hai ki grantha vibhinna hAthoM se likhA gayA hai, yathA : TesITarI : samaya-samaya para alaga-alaga lekhakoM ke hAtha se lipibaddha kiyA huA (ga) alaMkaraNa-sajjA evaM citra (A) sajjA kI dRSTi se ina donoM bAtoM kI sUcanA bhI yahIM denI hogI ki gratha alaMkaraNayukta hai yA sacitra hai / alaMkaraNa kevala sundaratA bar3hAne ke lie hote haiM, viSayoM se unakA sambandha nahIM rahatA / pazu-pakSI, jyAmitika rekhAMkana, latA-bela evaM phala-phUla kI prAkRtiyoM se grantha sajAye jAte haiN| ataH yaha ullekha karanA Avazyaka hogA ki sajAvaTa kI zailI kaisI hai| sajAvaTa ke vividha abhiprAyoM yA moTiphoM kA yuga-pravRtti se bhI sambandha rahatA hai, ataH inase kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bhI kucha sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / sAtha hI, citrAlaMkaraNa se deza aura yuga kI saMskRti para bhI prakAza par3a sakatA hai / yaha siddha hai ki madhyayUga meM citrakalA kA svarUpa grantha-citroM (Miniatures) ke dvArA hI jAna sakate haiM / jo bhI ho, pahale alaMkaraNa se sajAvaTa kI sthiti kA jJAna karAyA jAnA cAhiye / taba, grantha citroM kA paricaya bhI apekSita hai / kyA citra pustaka ke viSaya ke anukUla hai, kyA ve viSaya ke ThIka sthala para diye gaye haiM ? ve saMkhyA meM kitane haiM ? kalA kA stara kaisA hai ? 1. paramparA (28-29), pR. 112 / 2. vahI, pR. 1121 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #114
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/87 yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane kI hai ki citra-sajjA ke kAraNa pustaka kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai / grantha ke citroM kA bhI mUlya alaga se lagatA hai| (prA) citroM kI saMkhyA kI ora usake kalA-stara kA ullekha karate hue eka sambhAbanA kI ora aura dhyAna denA apekSita hai / kitanI hI pustakoM ke citroM meM eka vizeSatA yaha dekhane ko milatI hai ki cAroM konoM meM se kisI eka meM caturbhuja banA kara eka vyakti kA rUpAMkana kara diyA gayA hai / isa vyakti kA citra ke mUla kathya se koI sambandha nahIM baiThatA / yaha siddha ho cukA hai / yaha caturbhuja meM aMkita citra kRtikAra kA hotA hai / ataH vivaraNa meM yaha sUcanA bhI denI hogI ki pustaka meM jo citra diye gaye haiM unameM eka jharokhAsA banA kara pustaka-lekhaka kA citra bhI aMkita milatA hai kyA ? __ (ga) citroM meM vividha raMgoM ke vidhAna para bhI TIpa rahanI cAhiye / hAziye chor3ane aura hAziye kI rekhAoM kI sajAvaTa kA bhI ullekha kreN| (gha) syAhI yA maSI syAhI kA bhI vivaraNa diyA jAnA cAhiye : 1. kaccI syAhI meM likhA gayA hai yA pakkI meM ? eka hI syAhI meM sampUrNa grantha pUrA huA hai athavA do yA do se adhika syAhiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai ? prAyaH kAlI aura lAla syAhI kA upayoga hotA hai| lAla syAhI se dAeM-bAeM hAziye kI do-do rekhAe~ khIMcI jAtI haiN| yaha bhI dekhane meM AyA hai ki granthoM meM prArambha kA namokAra aura "pratha""grantha likhyate" Adi zIrSaka lAla syAhI meM likhA jAtA hai / isI prakAra pratyeka adhyAya ke anta kI puSpikA bhI aura grantha-samApti kI puSpikA bhI lAla syAhI se likhI jAtI hai / pUrA grantha kAlI syAhI meM, usake zIrSaka aura puSpikAe~ lAla syAhI meM hoM to usakA ullekha bhI vivaraNa meM kiyA jAnA ucita pratIta hotA hai| kinhIM granthoM meM aise sthaloM para lAla raMga phera dete haiM, aura usa para kAlI syAhI se hI puSpikA Adi dI jAtI yaha to ve bAteM huI jo pAMDulipi ke rUpa kA bAhya aura antaraMga rUpa kA jJAna karAtI haiN| 4. antaraMga paricaya ___ isake bAda vivaraNa yA prativedana (riporTa) meM kucha aura Antarika paricaya bhI denA hotA hai / yaha antaraMga paricaya bhI sthUla hI hotA haiM / isa paricaya meM nimnAMkita bAteM batAI jAtI haiM : (ka) granthakAra yA raciyatA kA nAma : yathA, TesITarI-"dampati vinoda ........... (1) isakA kartA jozIrAyA hai / " bIkAnera ke rAThaurDArI khyAta (2) grantha kA nirmANa cAraNa siDhAyaca dayAladAsa dvArA huA / DholA mAravaraNI rI bAta-- racayitA-ajJAta' racayitA ke sambandha meM anya vivaraNa jo grantha meM upalabdha ho vaha bhI yahA~ denA cAhiye / yathA, nivAsa sthAna, vaMza paricaya Adi / 1. paramparA (28-29), pR. 48 / rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, pR. 38 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #115
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 88 / pANDulipi - vijJAna (kha) www.kobatirth.org racanAkAla - : isa vivaraNa meM karttA ne diyA hai / yadi usane cAhiye / hA~, yadi Apake pAsa aise kucha grAdhAra haiM ki Apa isa kRti ke sambhAvita kAla kA anumAna lagA sakate haiM to apane anumAna ko anumAna ke rUpa meM de sakate haiM / (ga) grantha racanA kA uddezya yathA, "bIkAnera ke rAThauDa rI khyAtaH grantha kA nirmANa "bIkAnera ke mahArAjA siradAra siMha ke Adeza para kiyA gayA hai / " "isI prakAra ye uddezya bhinna-bhinna granthoM ke bhinna-bhinna ho sakate haiM, yathA-rAjAjJA se' aura 'suphala prAptyartha' viSNudAsa ne 'pAMDava caritra' likhA / (gha) grantha racanA kA sthAna / yathA, 'gar3ha gopAcala vairini sAlU' 3 yadi kisI ke Azraya meM likhA gayA hai to zrAzrayadAta siMgha rAuvara vIrA' tathA zrAzrayadAtA kA anya paricaya | (jha) vahI racanA - kAla diyA jAyagA jI grantha meM grantha racanA kAla nahIM diyA to yahI sUcanA dI jAnI (ca) bhASA viSayaka abhimata - yahA~ sthUlataH yaha batAnA hogA ki saMskRta, DiMgala, prAkRta, apabhraMza, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, braja, avadhI, hindI (khar3IbolI), tAmila yA rAjasthAnI (mAravAr3I, hAr3autI, DhU~DhArI, zekhAvATI), Adi vividha bhASAoM meM se kisa bhASA meM graMtha likhA gayA hai / (ST) (Ta) yahA~ bhASAoM kI yaha sUcI saMketa mAtra detI hai / bhASAe~ to aura bhI haiM, unameM se kisI meM bhI yaha graMtha likhA huA ho sakatA hai / -1 bhASA kA koI ullekhanIya vaiziSTya / lipi evaM lipikAra kA nAma lipikAra kA kucha aura paricaya ( grantha meM dI gayI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para) 1. kisa guru-paramparA kA ziSya 2. 3. 4. mAtA-pitA tathA bhAI Adi ke nAma lipikAra ke AzrayadAtA pratilipi karAne kA abhiprAya : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ka - kisI rAjakumAra ke paThanArtha kha - kisI anya ke lie paThanArtha ga- sva- paThanArtha gha- pradeza - pAlanArtha Da - zubha phala prAptyartha ca --- dAnArtha prAdi-Adi lipikAra ke AzrayadAtA kA paricaya pratilipi kA svAmitva kA nAma - yathA, 'DoMgara For Private and Personal Use Only 1. vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhie 'kAla nirNaya kI samasyA' viSayaka sAtavA~ adhyAya | 2. paramparA (28-29), pR.11 3. pAMDava carita, pR. 5 1

Page #116
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna/89 (8) pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM bhI yadi puSpikA ho to use bhI uddhRta kara denA caahiye| 5. antaraMga paricaya kA Antarika pakSa (ka) pratipAdya viSaya kA vivaraNa / yathA, TesITarI-isI adhyAya meM pR. 74 para (ga) 'nAgaura re mAmale rI bAta' kA vivaraNa dekheN| (kha) prArambha kA aMza, kama se kama eka chanda cAra caraNoM kA to denA hI caahie| yadi prArambha ke aMza meM kucha aura jJAtavya sAmagrI ho to use bhI uddhRta kara diyA jAya, jaise puSpikA / (yathAvat uddhRta karanI hotI hai|) (ga) prArambha meM yadi puSpikA yA kolophona ho to use bhI yathAvat uddhRta karanA hogaa| (gha) madhya bhAga se bhI kucha aMza denA cAhiye / ye aMza aise cune jAne cAhiye ki unase kavi ke kavitya kA AbhAsa mila ske| (Ga) anta kA aMza, isa aMza meM antima puSpikA, tathA usase pUrva kA bhI kucha aMza diyA jAtA hai| (ca) paramparAgata phalazruti, lekhaka kI nirdoSitA (jaisA dekhA vaisA likhA) tathA zloka yA akSara kI saMkhyA / (cha) anya ullekhanIya bAta yA uddharaNa / yathA, prApti sthAna, evaM usa vyakti kA nAma evaM paricaya jisake yahA~ se grantha upalabdha huA hai| vivaraNa ke lie prastAvita prArUpa kAzI-nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA ne vivaraNa lene vAle vyaktiyoM kI suvidhA ke lie prArUpa mudrita kara diyA thA / vivaraNa lenevAlA usameM diye vividha zIrSakoM ke anukUla sUcanA bhara detA hai / isa yojanA se yaha bhaya nahIM rahatA hai ki khojakartA kinhIM bAtoM ko chor3a degA / Upara jo vivecana diyA gayA hai usake AdhAra para eka prArUpa yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| hastalikhita grantha (pAMDalipi ) kA sAmAnya paricayAtmaka vivaraNa (riporTa) kramAMka........ pAMDulipi kA prakAra....... guTakA/pothI.... 1. pAMDulipi (grantha) kA nAma......" 2. kartA yA racayitA::....... 3. racanA kAla....... 4. pustaka kI kula patra saMkhyA....... vizeSa(ka) kitane pRSTha yA panne kore chor3e gaye haiM / kisa-kisa sthAna para chor3e gaye haiM........ (kha) kyA kucha pRSTha/panne apAThya haiM / kahA~ kahA~ ?......" For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #117
90/pAMDulipi-vijJAna (ga) kyA kahIM kaTe-phaTe haiM ? kahA~-kahA~ ?........ 5. pratyeka patra kI lambAI-caur3AI (iMcoM yA senTImITaroM meM)........ 6. pratyeka pRSTha para paMkti saMkhyA...." pratyeka paMkti meM akSara saMkhyA....." pAMDulipi kA lipyAsana prakAra".... iTa zilA carma tAmra yA anya dhAtu kA tAr3a-patra bhUrjapatra chAla, pepIrasa Adi kapar3A kAgaja......"prakAra sahita........ lipi-prakAra...... devanAgarI, mAravAr3I, kaithI Adi likhAvaTa kyA eka hI hAtha kI yA kaI hAthoM kI........ likhAvaTa ke sambandha meM anya viziSTa bAteM........ pratyeka panne para lipi kI mApI......... (ausata meM) lipikAra/lipikAroM ke nAma" sthAna....... lipyaMkana kI tithi........ racanAkAra ke AzrayadAtA...' (paricaya) 13. lipikAra ke prAzrayadAtA.... (paricaya) 14. racanA kA uddezya pratilipi karane kA uddezya 16. pustaka kA rakha-rakhAva bugacA, thailA, sAmAnya veSTana, puDhe, takhtiyA~, DorI, granthi, anya chAdana"...... 17. viSaya kA saMkSipta paricaya-adhyAyoM kI saMkhyA ke ullekha ke sAtha................ 17. (i) viSaya kA kucha vistRta paricaya 18. prAdi (uddharaNa) 15. 1. lipi ke mApa se yaha patA calegA ki akSara choTe haiM yA bar3e hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #118
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) www.kobatirth.org 19. madhya (uddharaNa) 20 anta (uddharaNa) 21. grantha meM AyI sabhI puSpikAe~ pAMDulipi prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna / 91 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zodha-vivaraNa kA yaha prArUpa apane-apane dRSTikoNa se ghaTA-bar3hA kara banAyA jA sakatA hai / isakA sabase bar3A lAbha yaha hai ki koI bhI mahattvapUrNa bAta chUTa nahIM sakatI hai aura sUcanAe~ kramAMka yukta haiM / yathArtha se ina graMkoM kA upayoga bhI lAbhaprada ho sakatA hai / vivaraNa lekhana me dRSTi DaoN0 nArAyaNasiMha bhATI ne 'paramparA'" meM DaoN0 TesITarI ke rAjasthAnI grantha sarvekSaNa aMka' meM sampAdakIya meM DaoN0 TesITarI ke zodha siddhAntoM ko saMkSepa meM apane zabdoM meM diyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. " grantha kA paricaya dene se pahale unhoMne bar3e gaura se use AdyopAnta par3hA hai tathA pUre grantha meM koI bhI upayogI tathya milA hai usakA ullekha avazya kiyA hai / 2. DiMgala meM padya aura gadya donoM hI vidhAoM ke adhikAMza grantha aitihAsika tathyoM para AdhArita haiM / ataH unhoMne itihAsa ko kahIM bhI apanI dRSTi prola nahIM hone diyA hai / usa samaya karnala TaoNDa ke 'rAjasthAna' ke atirikta yahA~ kA koI prAmANika itihAsa prakAzita nahIM thA / ataH aisI sthiti meM bhI aitihAsika tathyoM para TippaNI karate samaya lekhaka ne saceSTa jAgarUkatA kA paricaya diyA hai aura aneka sthaloM para apanA mata vyakta karate hue zodhakarttAoM ke lie kaI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai / 3. kRti meM se uddharaNa cunate samaya prAyaH itihAsa, bhASA athavA kRti ke lekhaka va saMvat Adi tathyoM ko pAThaka ke sammukha rakhane kA uddezya rakhA hai / uddharaNa akSarazaH usI rUpa meM lie gaye haiM jaise mUla meM upalabdha haiM / 4. eka hI grantha 'prAyaH aneka kRtiyA~ saMgRhIta hai parantu pratyeka kRti kA zIrSaka lipikartA dvArA nahIM diyA gayA hai / aisI kRtiyoM para suvidhA ke lie TaeNsITarI ne apanI ora se rAjasthAnI zIrSaka lagA diye haiM / 1. paramparA (28--29), pR. 1-2 / 5. jo kRtiyA~ aitihAsika va sAhityika dRSTi se mUlyavAna nahIM haiM unakA yA to ullekha mAtra kara diyA hai yA nirarthaka samajha kara chor3a diyA hai. parantu aise sthaloM para unake chor3e jAne kA ullekha avazya kara diyA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #119
92/pAMDulipi-vijJAna 6. jahA~ grantha meM kucha patra truTita haiM athavA kisI kAraNa se kucha pRSTha par3he jAne yogya nahIM rahe haiM to isakA ullekha bhI yathAsthAna kara diyA gayA hai| 7. jahA~ eka grantha kI kRtiyA~ dUsare grantha kI kRtiyoM ke samarUpa haiM, yA unakI pratilipi haiM yA pAThAntara ke kAraNa tulanAtmaka dRSTi se mahattva rakhatI haiM, aisI sthiti meM unakA spaSTa ullekha barAbara kiyA gayA hai| 8. jahA~ gIta, dohe, chappaya, nIsANI Adi sphuTa chanda Ae haiM vahA~ unakA viSayAnusAra vargIkaraNa karake unake sambandha meM yathocit jAnakArI prastuta kI gaI hai| kRti ke sAtha kartA kA nAma bhI yathAsambhava de diyA gayA hai| kartA kA nAma dete samaya prAyaH usakI jAti va khA~pa Adi kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai| 9. DaoN0 TaisITarI pramukhatayA bhASA-vijJAna ke jijJAsu vidvAna the, ataH unhoMne prAcIna kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa dete samaya unameM prApta kriyArUpoM Adi para bhI avasara nikAla kara TippaNI kI hai| lekhA-jokhA : pAMDulipi kI khoja meM pravRtta saMsthA yA vyakti ukta prakAra se granthoM ke vivaraNa prApta kara sakate haiM / sAtha hI unheM apanI isa khoja para kisI eka kAlAvadhi meM bAMdhakara vicAra karanA aura lekhA-jokhA bhI lenA hogaa| yaha kAlAvadhi tIna mAha, chaH mAha, nau mAha, eka varSa yA tIna varSa kI ho sakatI hai| yaha lekhA-jokhA ukta zodha se prApta sAmagrI ke vivaraNoM ke lie bhUmikA kA kAma de sakatA hai / isameM nimnalikhita bAtoM para dhyAna diyA jA sakatA hai : lekhe-jokhe kI kAlAvadhi san......"se san......"taka 1. khoja kArya meM Ane vAlI kaThinAiyAM, unheM kina upAyoM se dUra kiyA gayA / 2. khoja kArya kA bhaugolika kSetra / sacitra ho to upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai| 3. bhaugolika kSetra ke vividha sthAnoM se prApta sAmagrI kA saMkhyAtmaka nirdeza / kisa ___ sthAna se kitane grantha mile ? sabase adhika kisa kSetra se ? 4. kula grantha saMkhyA jinakA vivaraNa isa kAlAvadhi meM liyA gayA / 5. isa vivaraNa ko (vizeSa kAlAvadhi meM) prastuta karane ke sambandha meM nIti, yathA : (ka) sabase pahale mevAr3a aura mevAr3a meM bhI sabase pahale yahA~ ke tIna prasiddha rAjakIya pustakAlayoM-sarasvatI bhaNDAra, sajjanavANI vilAsa aura vikToriyA haoNla lAibrerI se hI isa kAma (zodha) ko zurU karanA taya kiyA / __ "prArambha meM merA irAdA jitane bhI hastalikhita grantha hAtha meM AyeM una sabake noTisa lene kA thA / lekina bAda meM jaba eka hI grantha kI kaI pAMDulipiyA~ milI taba isa vicAra ko badalanA par3A"..."ataeva maiMne eka hI grantha kI upalabdha sabhI hastalikhita pratiyoM kA ekasAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA aura jina-jina granthoM 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja (prathama bhAga), prAkkathana pR. ka / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #120
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/93 kI vibhinna pratiyoM meM pAThAntara pAyA una saba ke noTisa le liye aura jina-jina granthoM kI bhinna-bhinna pratiyoM meM pAThAntara dikhAI nahIM diyA unameM se sirpha eka, sabase prAcIna, prati kA vivaraNa lekara zeSa ko chor3a diyA / lekina isa niyama kA nirvAha bhI pUrI taraha se na ho sakA "1---- (ga) "kula milAkara maiMne 1200 granthoM kI 1400 ke lagabhaga pratiyA~ dekhIM aura 300 ke noTisa liye / mUla yojanA ke anusAra isa prathama bhAga meM ina tIna sau hI pratiyoM ke vivaraNa diye jAne ko the, lekina kAgaja kI mahaMgAI ke kAraNa aisA na ho sakA aura 175 granthoM (201 pratiyoM) ke vivaraNa dekara hI saMtoSa karanA pdd'aa| 6. samasta granthoM kA viSayAnusAra vibhAjana yA vargIkaraNa / paM0 motIlAla menAriyA ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : 1. bhakti 2. rIti aura piMgala 3. sAmAnya kAvya 4. kathA-kahAnI 5. dharma, adhyAtma aura darzana 6. TIkA 7. aitihAsika kAvya 8. jIvana-carita 9. zrRMgAra kAvya 10. nATaka 11. saMgIta 12. rAjanIti 13. zAlihotra 14. vRSTi-vijJAna 15. gaNita 16. stotra 17. vaidyaka 18. koza 19. vividha 20. saMgraha pratyeka khoja saMsthAna yA khoja-pravRtta vyakti ko yaha vibhAjana apanI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa ke vaijJAnika siddhAntoM ke anusAra karanA cAhie / pustakAlayavijJAna kA vargIkaraNa upayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA hai / pratyeka viSaya kI prApta pAMDulipiyoM kI pUrI saMkhyA bhI denI cAhie / 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granyoM kI khoja (prathama bhAga), prAkkathana pR. kha / 2. vahI pR. 3. vahI pR. ca For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #121
94/pANDulipi-vijJAna dharma 7. yaha sUcanA bhI denI hotI hai ki--- (1) aise lekhaka kitane haiM jo aba taka ajJAta the| unakI ajJAta kRtiyoM kI saMkhyA / (2) jJAta lekhakoM ko ajJAta kRtiyoM kI saMkhyA tathA nayI upalabdhiyoM kA kula yoga / DaoN0 hIrAlAla, DI0 liTa0, ema0 Ara0 e0 esa0 ne trayodaza traivArSika vivaraNa (san 1926-1928 I0) kI vivaraNikA meM prApta granthoM kA viSayAnusAra vargIkaraNa yoM diyA thA : "hastalekhoM ke viSaya : hastalekhoM ke viSaya kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita haiM : 358 hastalekha darzana 114 , piMgala alaMkAra zrRMgAra rAga rAginI nATaka jIvana cAritra upadeza rAjanItika koza jyotiSa sAmudrika gaNita va vijJAna vaidyaka zAlihotra koka itihAsa kathA-kahAnI vividha jor3a 1279 hastalekha" 8. menAriyA jI aura DaoN. hIrAlAla jI donoM ke vargIkaraNa sadoSa haiM, para inase prApta grantha sampatti ke vargoM kA kucha jJAna to ho hI jAtA hai / kintu pAMDulipivida ko apanI sAmagrI kA adhika se adhika vaijJAnika vargIkaraNa prastuta karanA cAhie, anyathA pustakAlaya vijJAna meM diye vargIkaraNa kA siddhAnta hI apanA lenA cAhiye / 9. nayI upalabdhiyoM kA kucha vizeSa vivaraNA, unake mahattva ke mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #122
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna/95 isa vizeSa kAlAvadhi ke vivaraNa meM pustakoM ke vivaraNoM ko akArAdi krama se prastuta karane meM suvidhA rahatI hai / kucha anukramaNikAe~ dI jAnI cAhie~ / 1. grantha nAmAnukramaNikA 2. lekhaka nAmAnukramaNikA lekhe-jokhe meM racanA kAla aura lipikAla donoM kI kAlakramAnusAra upalabdha racanAoM aura viSayavAra granthoM kI sUcanA bhI dI jAnI caahiye| isake lie nimna prakAra kI tAlikA banAyI jA sakatI hai : bhakti viSaya varga rIti kAla ra0 kAla grantha | lipikAla ra0 kAla grantha lipikAla yAdi saMkhyA grantha saM0 / saMkhyA / grantha saM0 10011 1010 1020 1030 . - isa tAlikA dvArA zatAbdI krama se upalabdha grantha-saMkhyA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| eka tAlikA yahA~ 'hindI hastalekhoM' kI khoja kI terahavIM 'vivaraNikA' se udAharaNArtha uddhRta kI jAtI hai : zatiyA~ 12vIM | 13vIM | 14vIM | 15vIM | 16vIM | 17vIM | 18vIM | 19vIM ajJAta yoga 2 |- -17 | 36 | 2011 209 1 4271 394 (1278 isa tAlikA dvArA zatAbdI krama se upalabdha grantha saMkhyA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki 13vIM vivaraNikA ke varSoM meM 12vIM zatI se pUrva kI koI kRti nahIM milI thii| 12vIM zatI kI 2 kRtiyA~ miliiN| phira do zatAbdiyA~ zUnya rhiiN| isa tAlikA se yaha vidita ho jAtA hai ki kisa kAla meM kisa viSaya kI kitanI pustakeM upalabdha huI haiN| isa kAla-krama se prAcInatama pustaka kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai / kAla-krama meM jo pustaka jitanI hI purAnI hogI utanI hI kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAyeMgI / isase yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki kAla-krama meM vividha zatAbdiyoM meM upalabdhiyoM kA anupAta kyA rahA? aba taka ke ajJAta lekhakoM aura ajJAta kRtiyoM kA vizeSa paricaya prApta ho sake to use prApta karake una para kucha vizeSa TippaNiyA~ denA bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai| kAzInAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI khoja riporToM meM jo krama apanAyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : (1) meM vivaraNikA, jisameM khoja ke niSkarSa diye jAte haiN| phira pariziSTa evaM racayitAoM kA paricaya / (2) meM granthoM ke vivaraNa, (3) meM ajJAta racanAkAroM ke 1. isa 'kAla-krama' kA Arambha usa prAcInatama man/saMvat se karanA cAhiye, jisakI kRti hameM khoja meM mila cukI ho| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #123
96/pANDulipi-vijJAna granthoM kI sUcI, (4) meM mahattvapUrNa hastalekhoM kI samaya-sUcaka tAlikA / yaha paripATI dIrgha anubhava kA pariNAma hai| ise koI bhI pAMDulipi-vijJAna-vid apane lAbha ke liye apanA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki lekhe-jokhe ke dvArA grantha zodha se prApta sAmagrI kA saMkSepa meM mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, jisase zodha upalabdhiyoM kA mahattva ubhara sake / tulanAtmaka adhyayana pAMDulipi-vid ke lie yahIM eka aura prakAra kA adhyayana-kSetra ubharatA hai| ise upalabdha sAmagrI kA tulanAtmaka mUlyAMkana yA adhyayana kaha sakate haiM / hameM kSetrIya kArya karate hue aura vivaraNa taiyAra karate hue kucha kavi prApta hue / aba hameM yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki kyA eka hI nAma ke kaI kavi haiM ? unakI pArasparika bhinnatA, abhinnatA aura unake kRtitva kI sthUla tulanA karake apanI upalabdhi kA mahattva samajhA aura samajhAyA jA sakatA hai / ise eka udAharaNa se spaSTa karanA hogaa| 'canda kavi' nAma ke kavi ke Apako kucha grantha mile| Apane aba taka prakAzita yA upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para unakA vivaraNa ekatra kiyA / taba tulanApUrvaka kucha niSkarSa nikaalaa| isakA rUpa yaha ho sakatA hai : kavi canda hindI sAhitya meM AdikAlIna caMdavaradAyI se lekara Adhunika yuga taka caMda nAma ke aneka kavi hue haiM / 'mizrabaMdhu vinoda' ne 'caMda' nAma ke jina kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai| isa vivaraNa ke sAtha 'saroja sarvekSaNakAra' kI TippaNiyA~ bhI yathAsthAna de dI gaI haiM / mizrabandhu vinoda bhAga 2 pRSTha---548 nAma-(1316) candradhana grantha---bhAgavata-sAra bhaassaa| kavitAkAla--1863 ke pahale (khoja 1900) / yahA~ vaiSamya kevala itanA hai ki hamAre nijI saMgraha ke kavi kA nAma 'kavi canda' hai aura mizravandhu meM candradhana / / aba 'canda' nAma ke anya kavi 'mizrabandhu vinoda' meM nAma sAmya ke AdhAra para prathama bhAga (135) canda pRSTha 134 prantha-hitopadeza kavitAkAla-saM0 1563 pR0---71 (39) nAma mahAkavi canda baravAI grantha-pRthvIrAja rAso For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #124
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna 97 sarojakAra ne pRthvIrAja rAso ke racayitA canda ko 'canda kavi prAcIna vandIjana, sambhala nivAsI' svIkAra kiyA hai / saM0 1196 meM upasthita mAnA hai| saroja-sarvekSaNakAra ne canda kA racanA kAla saM0 1225 se 1249 taka mAnA hai| inakI mAnyatA ke anusAra canda kI mRtyu saM0 1249 meM huI / dvitIya bhAga pra0--278 (538) nAma-(403) canda grantha-nAganaura kI lIlA (kaaliinaathnaa)| magaMja sarvekSaNa kAra kA mata hai ki isa pustaka kA nAma 'nAga lIlA' bhI hai| racanA kAla-1715 pR0-325 (382) canda va paThAna sultAna sarojakAra ne isa canda kavi ko saMvat 1749 meM upasthita mAnA hai / kavi sulatAna paThAna navAba rAjAgar3ha bhAI bandhu bAbU bhUpAla ke yahA~ the / inhoMne kuNDaliyA~ chaMda meM sulatAna paThAna ke nAma se bihArI satasaI kA tilaka banAyA hai| saroja sarvekSaNakAra kA mata hai ki canda dvArA prastuta yaha TIkA milatI nahIM hai / bhUpAla kA navAba saM0 1761 meM sulatAna muhammada khA~ thaa| inhIM ke Azrita canda kavi kA ullekha milatA hai| tRtIya mAga pRSTha-44 (2138) nAma--(1784) canda kavi vivaraNa-saM0 1890 ke lagabhaga the| pRSTha-85 (2341) nAma-(2003) canda kavi grantha-bheda prakAza-(pra0 bhra0 ri0), mahAbhArata bhASA (1919) (khoja 1904) / kavitAkAla-saM0 1904 kucha-kucha nAma sAmya ke AdhAra para nimna kavi mizrabandhu vinoda se milate haiM / ye canda nAma ke nahIM, varan canda se milate-julate nAma vAle haiN| inheM yahA~ kevala isalie diyA jA rahA hai ki inake nAma meM jo sAmya hai, usase kahIM prAge bhrama na rahe aura 'canda' yA 'candra' jisakA nAmAMza hai vaha bhI jJAta ho jAya / - prathama bhAga pRSTha-194 (265) nAma-canda sakhI (brajavAsI) 1. sarojakAra se hamArA abhiprAya 'zivasiMha saroja' ke lekhaka se hai| 2. 'saroja sarvekSaNakAra' se hamArA abhiprAya DaoN. kizorI lAla gupta se hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #125
98, pANDulipi-vijJAna kavitA kAla----1638 dvitIya bhAga pRSTha-301 (584) nAma-----candrasena grantha mAdhava-nidAna pRSTha-467 (1066/2) nAma--- candralAla gosvAmI (raadhaavllbhii)| kavitA kAla---1824 (dvi0 0 ri0) pRSTha-344 (763) nAma-candralAla gosvAmI (rAdhAvallabhI) kavitA kAla--1767 pRSTha-~-437 (998) nAma--candra (rAdhA vallabhI) racanAkAla-1820 pRSTha-466 (1064) nAma-candradAsa kavitA kAla-1823 ke pUrva pRSTha-470 (1077) nAma- candra kavi sanADhya caube kavitA kAla-1828 pRSTha-475 (1094) nAma-~-candana samaya-saM0 1830 ke lagabhaga vartamAna the| pRSTha-815 nAma-(1011) candrahita, rAdhAvallabhI pRSTha-508 nAma---(1190/1) candra gusAI racanAkAla-1846 pRSTha-571.... . nAma--(1433) candrazekhara vAjapeyI tRtIya bhAga pRSTha---13 nAma-(1716) candradAsa nAma-(1717) candrarasa kuda nAma--(1718) candrAvala pRSTha-~-77 nAma---(2248) candasakhI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #126
pAMDulipi - prApti aura tatsamvandhita prayatna kSetrIya granusaMdhAna / 99 kavitAkAla - 1900 ke pUrva pRSTha-154 nAma --- (2634) candrikA prasAda taivArI pRSTha-196 nAma - ( 2923) candra jhA pRSTha 260 nAma -- (3255) candrabhAna racanAkAla saM0 1875 caturtha bhAga pRSTha - 322 nAma - ( 3449) candrakalA bAI samaya - saM0 1950 pRSTha - 406 nAma --- ( 3853) candra manohara mizra racanAkAla -saM0 1963 pRSTha - 410 nAma -- ( 3858) candramauli sukula racanAkAla - saM0 1964 pRSTha-413 nAma -- (3867) candra zekhara zAstrI racanAkAla - saM0 1965 pRSTha-417 nAma -- ( 3878) candrabhAnu siMha dIvAna bahAdura racanAkAla - saM0 1967 pRSTha-447 nAma - (3970) candrazekhara mizra pRSTha-454 nAma - ( 4028) candrazekhara (dvija candra ) janmakAla - saM0 1939 pRSTha-456 nAma -- ( 4055) candralAla gosvAmI janmakAla --- lagabhaga 1940 nAma - ( 4056) candrikA prasAda mizra racanAkAla -- saM0 1965 pRSTha - 464 nAma -- ( 4117) candrarAja bhaNDArI pRSTha-- 465

Page #127
100/pANDulipi-vijJAna nAma--(4124) candrabhAnu rAya pRSTha--480 nAma-(4216) candramatI devI janmakAla-saM0 1950 pRSTha-520 nAma--(4312) candramArAya zarmA racanAkAla--ma0 1982 pRSTha ---557 nAma--(4437) candrazekhara zAstrI janmakAla. -maM0 1957 pRSTha----574 nAma----(4521) candrakalA racanAkAla-maM0 1987 sarojakAra ne uparyukta 'canda' kaviyoM ke atirikta nimnalikhita do anya kaviyoM hA ullekha kiyA hai prathama-canda kavi / yaha sAmAnya kavi the| ina canda kavi ke sambandha meM saroja sarvekSaNakAra ne likhA hai ki kAyasthoM kI niMdA kA eka kavitta saroja meM prastuta kiyA hai / dvitIya-canda kavi ke sambandha meM sarojakAra ne likhA hai ki inhoMne zRMgAra rasa meM bahuta sundara kavitA hI hai / hajArA meM inake kavitta haiN| saroja sarvekSaNa kAra ne ina canda kavi kA astitva saM0 1875 ke pUrva svIkAra kiyA hai| mizrabandha vinoda aura 'saroja sarvekSaNa' se 'canda kavi' nAmadhArI kaviyoM ke isa sarvekSaNa ke uparAnta kucha anya srotoM se bhI 'canda' nAma ke kaviyoM kA patA calatA hai, unheM yahA~ denA ThIka hogaa| eka kavi canda kA ullekha 'jayapura kA itihAsa meM hai| isa 'canda kavi' ke grantha 'nAtha vaMza prakAza' kA ullekha isameM huA hai| ye caumU nareza raNajItasiMha tathA kRSNasiMha aura jayapura nareza jagatasiMha ke samakAlIna the| 'nAtha vaMza prakAza' meM se 'jayapura kA itihAsa' meM jo uddharaNa likhe gaye haiM-ve nimnalikhita prakAra haiM--- (a) jahAja (bhAja) kI lar3AI meM raNajIta siMha kI vijaya--.. "zahara phatehapura meM phate-karI naMda rataneza / jhAja gayo pApANa taji, lakhi ragAjIta nareNa / " (prA) mahArAjA jagata siMha (jayapura) kI senAoM dvArA jodhapura ko gherane kA ullekha gahI koTa kI aoTa ko, mAna prabhA balamanda / lUTi jodhapura ko liyo kRSNa subhAga balanda / 1. zarmA, hanumAnaprasAda-jamapura kA itihAsa, pR. 226. 2. bahI, pR. 226. 3. vahI, pR. 231. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #128
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna kSetrIya anusaMdhAna / 101 'nAtha vaMza prakAza' ( padya 275) meM likhA hai ki 'mIra khA~' ke yuddha ke samaya kRSNa siMha jI kA ceharA camakatA thA aura zatrugaraNa usase kSobhita hote the / 'nAtha vaMza prakAza' ( padya 270 ) meM likhA hai ki samarU begama ne caumUM para car3hAI kii| usa samaya usakA karnala Age AyA thA / usako kRSNa siMha jI ne sasainya parAsta kiyA aura usake sAtha vAloM ke ruNDa-muNDa uThAkara pIche haTA diyA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'prAcArya zrI vinaya canda jJAna bhaNDAra graMtha sUcI ( bhAga - 1 ) se vidita hotA hai ki isa bhaNDAra meM canda kavi ke tIna graMtha haiM- 1. canda - nema rAjamatI pada (hindI - rAjasthAnI ) 5 chaMda 1 2. canda - rAdhA kRSNa ke pada - 5 pada 3. canda - sImandhara svAmI kI stuti - 6 chanda inameM se do jaina kavi haiM aura eka kavi ko usakI racanA ke vivaraNa ke AdhAra para vaiSNava mAnA jA sakatA hai / isase pUrva ki kavi caMda ke sambandha meM Upara kI sUcI ko lekara aura paM0 kRpA zaMkara tivArI ke hastalekhAgAra meM prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kucha kahA jAya hama tivArI jI kI sAmagrI para bhI saMkSipta TippaNiyA~ nIce prastuta kara rahe haiM / (1) kavi caMda racanA -- nAga davana ('nAga lIlA' lipikAra dvArA) pUrNa / racanA kAla - saMvat 1756 zrI. su. 5, budhavAra / lipikAla - saMvat 1869 adha0 badI 3, pholiyo 1 se 9 taka vivararaga yaha grantha kavi caMda dvArA saMvat 1756 meM racA gayA hai| isameM kRSNa dvArA kAlI damana kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai / grantha braja evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA se yukta hai / kavi ne dvita zabdoM kA avasarAnukUla prayoga kiyA hai / bhAva, bhASA, zailI AkarSaka hai / kahIM-kahIM pRthvIrAja rAso kI sI jhalaka dRSTigata hotI hai| prArambha meM gaNeza, zAradA kI vaMdanA hai / kavi ne copAI kA adhika prayoga kiyA hai| isake atirikta arilla, chappaya, dohA, bhujaMgI, kuNDaliyA~, pAdharI, sarvayA Adi kA acchA prayoga kiyA hai / bhAvanAoM kA varNana karane meM kavi saphala huA hai / yaha grantha pUrNa hai / udAharaNArtha : prArambha dohA hau ganapati guna vistaroM sidhivudhi dAtAra / aSTa sidhi nava nidhi karo kRpA karatAra // tuba tana baradAinI kareM mUr3ha kabirAi / budhi vicitra kavi canda ko de aba sArada bhAi / / satraha se dasa paMcacchara maiM nahI 1. bhAnAvata, narendra (DaoN0) saM. - AcArya zrI vinaya canda jJAna bhaMDAra, grantha sUcI, pR. 38 | 2. vahI, pR.661 3. vahI, pR. 88 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #129
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 102 / pANDulipi - vijJAna www.kobatirth.org nAgadavana ( nAgalIlA ) sar3hi sAMvana tithi paMca canda kaviyoM kahI | mar3hayau grantha guna mUla mahA budhavAra hai parihAM hAjUM nAgadavani kauM chaMda kiyo vistAra hai // isI kavi kI isI 'nAgadamana' yA 'nAgalIlA' kI eka hastalikhita prati kI sUcanA zrI kRSNa gopAla mAthura ne dI hai / unhoMne isakA racanAkAla saMvat 1715 mAnA hai / Upara hamane grantha meM zrAye tithi viSayaka ullekha ko uddhRta kara diyA hai / isameM satraha se dasa paMcara' likhA huA hai / isakA artha karate samaya yadi hama 'paMca' zabda para hI ruka jAyeMge taba to saM0 1715 mAnanA hogA jaisA ki zrI mAthura ne mAnA hai kintu pUrA zabda 'dasa paMcachaH ' hai jo ki saMdhi ke kAraNa 'paMcachara' ho gayA hai / ataeva hamArI dRSTi meM isakA ThIka rtha hogA - satraha sau aura dasa paMca = 50 +6 arthAt 1756 1 nAgadavana ke kucha pada udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM / risa rosa rahA muralI dhuniko suni nAda gAva tihuMpura chAMhI / vyAla jagyo jama jvAlA uThI vikha jhAla iti brahmamaNDala mAhIM / harakhi jasudhA vraja kI vasudhA jaba phuli phirayI ghara hI ghara mAMhIM / kaMsa girayoM murajhAi tabai gharako chatiyAM muralI dhuni pAMhIM // / muralI dhuni ko suni sabada cauMki uThayo tatkAla jhaTaki puMchi phana phukarata uThayo krodha ko kAla || Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jAgo bhAga kAlI dharA bhUmi hAlI, vikhaM jvAlAbhAlI hare vRddha jAlI / kache badala saMgrAma ko vannavArI, phannaphukaraM phaphuna jhAMka arI | larI nirakha jhAlA murache murAyarI, harakhkhI duci bhai nAga nArI / haTa ko vanAne kahyo vRdhavArI, haMsate uThe ceti vAlA vihArI / kache kAkalI prIti vAdhai kaTaiThI, bhujAM ThAka ThAThe akhAre meMhIM / su sUMghe acAnaka kUde kanhAI, ghire kuNDalI maghi baiThe nanhAI / vanaM tAlajjai siraM sesa maddhi, dvipAvai tanaM to kareM pUchi saddhI / risaM rosa sesa bikhaM jhAla aggI, jale jhAra bhAse drumaMdAha laggI / vujhAva jadunAtha ehthayavathyaM vajai muThi paMsI jutIra tatta / jhaTa vakai phanaM puchi phukAraM bhAre, jadunAtha jyAM gArahu udaM mAre || napharI bajai baisa maMjIra meraM baje tAla tUMvara ghaMTA ghaneraM baje dudubhi sura nAi caMgI vajai moha caMthaM dutArA upagI / prau saMragI bajI khaMjarI saba-nAda upajyo sahI to mahA rupa svAdaM / bajai saMkha sudhaM prasakhaM abhaMgI narasiMgha vajje uchAhaM suaMgI / baje ghuMgharu ghU gharI ghora-nIkI kaMTatAla kaMsAvarI nAda hIkI / hathaM nAla baje alagoja bhArI, nace gvAla vAlaM su prAnaMda kArI // bhaI vadhAI vraja meM jadukula harakhi apAra / sakala sabhA rachA kareM kAlI nAtha na hAra / / 1. bINA, ( indaura), apraila, 1972, pR. 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #130
Ach Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna / 103 (2) kavi caMda racina grantha-bhAgavat dohAsUcI grantha / racanAkAla-saM0 1896 (narasiMha caudasa ko pUrNa huii)| pustaka vivaraNa-- jilda kI silI huI, dAyeM-bAyeM hAziyA, 10.6 iMca, kucha jIrNa, dezI kAgaja / pholiyo saM0 32 / kucha do-tIna pRSTha khAlI haiM / dasama skaMdha raMgIna hAziyoM meM likhA hai| lipikAla-- isameM lipikAra kA nAma tathA kAla nahIM diyA hai| aisA vidita hotA hai ki yaha svayaM kavi kI hI likhI pahalI prati hai / eka ora kA puTThA nahIM hai / lekha sAmAnya rUpa meM supAThya hai| vivaraNa yaha pustaka kavi canda racita hai / yaha kavi canda vAgha nRpati ke putra haiN| yaha pUrNa zrImadbhAgavat zrIdharI TIkA kI dohoM meM sUcI hai| kavi ne eka-eka dohe meM eka-eka adhyAya kA artha likhA hai, isa prakAra se sabhI skaMdhoM ke adhyAyoM kI dohe meM sUcI hai| itane bar3e adhyAya kI dohe meM sUcI banAnA kaThina kArya hai| canda kavi ne isameM saphalatA pAI hai| bhASA brajabhASA hai / dharma kI dRSTi se kavi kA yaha prayAsa vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai / pustaka vibhinna skadhoM meM vibhAjita hai / dasama skaMdha kavi ne saM0 1805 asAr3a bu0 paDavA guru ko samApta kiyA / dvAdasa skaMdha saM0 1896 narasiMha caudasa ko samApta hmaa| kavi ne apane paricaya meM kevala nimna paMktiyA~ likhI haiM--- itizrI bhAgavate mahApurANaM zrI dharI TIkAnusAraNaM 12 skaMdhe sUcI sampUrNa mahArAja zrI bAgha siMha jI phatehagar3ha nRpata sutacanda kathaktata dohA samAptaM / kavi ne prArambha meM vallabhAcArya, viTThalanAtha jI aura unake putra kI guru ke rUpa meM vaMdanA kI hai / puSTi mArga kI mahAnatA bhI batAI hai / udAharaNa dasavIM adhyAya dilIpa rA rAmacandra avatAra / rAvaNa hata pAe avadhi tAkai kaija sahai bhAra / bhrAtana juta zrI rAmacandra jiga kIyi avadha virAja / gyArIdhyA maNDala kathA viracI suka subha sAja / ika-ika dohA meM likhyo ika IkadhyA kaurtha / sUcI dvAdasakaMdha kI smajana budha asamartha / bAgha napata suta canda kRta duhA sUcI mAMna / ko vida vAja vicAra kara sudha kIjyo budhavAna / TippaNI-antima pRSTha meM jagadIza paNDe ke sambandha meM likhA hai / (3) kavi caMda (gha) racanA--abhilASa paccIsI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #131
104, pAMDulipi-vijJAna lipikAla--saM0 1833 (eka likhAvaTa ke kAraNa) pholiyo ! le 8 taka, racanA pUrNa hai| vivaraNa kavi caMda ke hita harivaMza harivyAsI sampradAya ke haiM / isameM inhoMne nAgarIdAsa kA bhI nAma liyA hai / sundara brajabhASA meM kavitta savaiyA meM racanA hai / abhibhAvanAyukta sundara 26 pada haiM / racanAkAra ne isakA nAma mano-abhilASA rakhA hai| udAharaNArtha 'amilASa paccIsI' meM se kucha pada prastuta haiM :prArambha--- jAti pAti nAnA bhA~ti kula abhimAna taji nisI dina sIsa ko navAUM rasikana maiM / sevA kuja maNDala pulina vaMzIvaTa nidhivana au samIra dhIra bicarau magana meM / latA druma hero rAdhAkRSNa kahi TerauM, raja lapaTAU tana maiM au sukha pAU mana maiM / aho rAdhA vallabha jU tuma hI sau vinatI hai jaise bana taisI mohi rAkhau vRndavana meM / / sadhya vaha vana bhUmi druma latA rahI jhami leto trividhI samIra sau rusti lahaki lahaki / phulI nava kuja tahAM bhaMvara karata guja sadA sukha puMja rahayau saurabha maki mahaki / kaukila mayUra suka sAroM Adi pakSI saba dampati rijhAvata hai gAvata gahaki gahaki / hita sau je dekheM nita tinakI do kahA kahauM / bAta hI maiM canda cita jAta hai bahaki bahaki / / anta Dholaka mRdaMga muha caMga aura umaMga caMga gadAyaro taMbUrA bIna Adi saba sAja hai| inako bhilAibo parana upajAIbo sarasa raMga chAIbau pravInana ko kAja hai| kara sau to kara pro sudhara hota jaise saba sauja taise rasika rayAja hai| jaba mila saMgI canda rasa raMgI taba raMga jAma TuTai bhava pAja hai| (ba) racanA-samaya pacIsI racanAkAra--kavi caMda hita For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #132
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna kSetrIya anusaMdhAna / 105 racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA hai / grantha pUrNa hai| lipikAla aura lipikAra saMvat 1833 vi. / pholiyo 9 se 15 taka / vivaraNa anta bhaktiyukta atyanta sundara brajabhASA ke kavitta savaiyA isa grantha meM haiN| pada saMkhyA kula 26 haiM / racanA pUrNa hai / udAharaNArtha www.kobatirth.org prArambha--- madhya zranta : itanI vicAri canda sabana sau naya cale jAe~ bhalA hoI soI karo nizi bhora hI / udAharaNArtha---'samaya paccIsI' ke kucha pada prastuta haiM samaya biparIti kahUM dekhiye na prIti miTi gaI paratIti rIti jagana kI nyArI jU 1 svAratha maiM lage paramAratha sau bhage jhUThe tana hI meM page sAcI vastu na nihArI ju / moha maiM bhulAne sadA dukha lapaTAneM jJAna Ura meM na Ane bhakti hiya meM na dhArI jU" / caMda hitakArI taupe hota balihArI lAja tumako hamArI kRpA kariye bihArI nR || jaga dukha sAgara meM gotA khAta jIva yaha mAyA kI pavana ke jhakora mAMjha paracoM hai / dhAri zira bhAra kyohu ho nahi pAra se karata vicAra mana mero arabarayo hai Terata tahA te dInabandhu karuNA ke sindhu tuma bina dukha ko ko kApa jAta haya hai / vaha prANa dharyo, kRpA hI koM anusarayoM pyAre joI tuma karyo soI Ananda sau bhaya hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir daini ke samaya maiM na hota haiM prabhAta kahuM bhora ke samaya maiM na hota kabhU rAta hai / ThIka dupahara mAMjha hota nahiM saMjha canda sAMjha hI ke mAMjha kaho kaise hota prAta hai / prAta madhya sAMjha rAta hota hai samaya hI maiM se hAni lAbha sukha dukha niju gAta hai / sama kI jo bAta tetau sama hI maiM hotajAta jAnata bibekI vivekI pachitAta hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #133
106/pANDulipi-vijJAna (sa) racanA-zrI rAma jI caupara ko SyAla racanAkAra-kavi canda (hita) lipikAla--- 1 82 3, apUrNa / pholiyo 15 se 20 taka / isa racanA meM 12 pada pUrNa haiN| 13vA~ pada pUrNa nahIM hai aura mAge ke pRSTha nahIM hai / ataH yaha vidita nahIM hotA ki racanA kitanI bar3I hai / pada bar3e sundara haiM / bhASA brajabhASA hai / kavittA savaiyA kA prayoga hai / udAharaNArtha :--- cIpara ko payAla saba Selata jagata mAjha yaha saba hI ko jJAna pragaTa diSAvai hai| noTa :---yaha canda hita hai, inakA racanAkAla jAnanA hai / tInoM grantha mahattvapUrNa inc' udAharaNArtha--'zrI rAma jI caupara ko jyAla' ke pada uddhRta kiye jAte haiN| caupara kavitA banAveM pAche acharani lAvai jAni jamaka milAvai anuprAsa haM sabai kahauM / bhATa hva sunAva harakhAvai lalacAva, dAma eka nahiM pAva vRthA nara kI kRpA chai| saba maiM pravIna haripada maiM na lIna prema rasa ke nahIM lahai . bhakti sau vimukha tAko mukha na dikhAo hama cAhata haiM yaha vAsauM dUra nita hI rahai uttama padAratha banAya ke jo Age dharai tahi nahi dekheM yaha bhusa ko carela hai| ase paramAratha kI bAta na suhAta yAhi bRthA bakavAda vikha seve bigaraila hai / Age aura pIche ko vicAra nAhi kare kam mahAnIca sabahI sauM arata arela hai hari guru kauM saMtana ko rUpa nahi jAnyo yAta bhaktihIna nara sIMga pUcha bina vaila hai / / aba sAya likkhate rUpa ke sarovara meM alI kumudAvalI hai lAla hai cakora tahAM rAdhA mukha canda hai chavi kI marIcina sau sIMcata hai nisa dina koTi koTi ravi sasi lAge ati manda hai ikaTaka kara rahaiM mukha nAma sukha lahaiM phiri kRpA dRSTi cahaiM sukha rUpa naMdanaMda haiM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #134
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna 107 jAko beda gAvai muni dhyAna huM na pAvai tatI bali bali jAvai canda phase prema phandra hai| pIta raMga bore khare khelata hai haurI dAU vRndAvana vIthina maiM dhUma macI bhArI haiN| sudhara samAja saba sakhI sauMja liye sauhaiM phaiTani gulAla kara kaMja picakArI haiN| coTani calAva taba taba cAvata adAyani yo nainani nacAvata haMsata sukuvArI haiM / ho ho kahi boleM canda hita saMga Done kahai sukha ko niketa ye bihArina bihArI hai / / (da) racanA---caMdra nAtha jI kI sabadI prati gRDha bhASA meM 19 pada haiM / yaha grantha yoga se sambandhita hai / udAharaNa kAyA sonau sidha sunAra prArambha agni jagAvaNa hAra / tAhi agni ko lAgau pAsa agni jagAI cakamaka svAsa / (3) grantha----zrI nItisAra bhASAyAma racanAkAra-kavi canda racanAkAla-jayapura nareza savAI jayasiMha jI kA samaya lipikAla-kavi ke samaya kA athavA anumAna se 200 varSa prAcIna vivaraNa yaha pustaka 5:8 iMca caur3I lagatI hai| donoM ora 1 iMca kI jagaha chUTI huI hai| eka hAtha kI sundara sadhI huI likhAvaTa hai / yaha pustaka alaga-alaga juja meM hai, isa samaya binA silAI ke hai / sArI racanA jo vidyamAna hai usakA antima pholiyo naM. 59 hai parantu gaNanA karane se 64 hotI hai| prArambha kA pholiyo aprApya hai, madhya ke 16 pholiyo nahIM haiM / anta ke anumAna se 1 yA 2 pholiyo nahIM haiM / yaha racanA kavi caMda racita hai, kavi ne jayapura rAjya ke musAhiba zrI manolAla darogA ke lie yaha racanA kii| manolAla darogA dharmAtmA, vIra, udAra, nItijJa thaa| racanA meM nItisAra grantha ko apUrva kauzala ke sAtha brajabhASA meM dohA, soraThA, caupAI, barave, aDila, troTaka, chappaya, kavitta, kuNDaliyA~, Adi chaMdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai / rAjanIti sambandhI sampUrNa Avazyaka bAtoM kA, yathA-yuddha kI sAmagrI, vyUha prati vyUha Adi aneka bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / aneka dRSTiyoM se yaha racanA mahattvapUrNa hai| rAjA-mantrI ke guNoM kA vistAra se prakaTIkaraNa hai| kavi ne racanA ko sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #135
zrata- 6 / pANDulipi - vijJAna 1- indrI jayo vidyAvRddhi saMjogonAma prathamo sarga - 65 chaMda 2 - vidyA upadeza varNAzramadharma daNDa mahAtmanAM dvitIyoM sarga-35 chaMda 3-prAcAr vyavasthAnAM tRtIya sarga - 29 chaMda 4 - rAjA musAhiba deza koSa SajAnoM phauja, mitra parIkSaNa guNa varNanAM caturtha marga - 49 chaMda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 5 - bhRtya mitraM vaMdhana upadesa sAmAnya jIta nRtya nAma paMca sarga - 5 laMda 6- kaMTaka sAgonAma SaSTaM sarga - 12 chaMda 7- rAjaputa prAtamAranadAsa saraztA varNanAm saptam - 41 chaMda 4- aSTamosarga ke kevala 32 chaMda isameM haiM / 5) -- praprApya 10 aprApya 11 aprApya 12 zraprApya 13- prakIlacara prakaraNa varNanonAma trayodaza sarga -42 chaMda 14 - prakRti karma prakRti vizana varNanoM nAma caturdaza - 43 chaMda 15 - rAjopadeza sapta visana dUSaraNa vanenonAmaM paMcadasamI - 39 chaMda 16 - rAjopadeza jAnA juvati darasanoM nAma SoDasosarga - 44 chaMda 17 - darasaino nAma saptadaza sarga - 21 18- aSTAdezamA sarga - 38 19- unIsavo sarga -39 20 - bIsaveM sarga meM vyUha Adi kA tathA aMta meM kAvya-grantha prayojana diyA hai jo 51 veM chaMda taka hai / Age ke pRSTha nahIM haiM / isa prakAra se isa pustaka meM lagabhaga 630 chaMda prApya hai / udAharaNa dohA guru sevahu nRpa pada vitai pAvahu kamalA pUra sikSA se nItihi bar3he zatru haniyatai sUra / jAbara bhUpa nahi nIti rasa tAjIta arihIna choTo ha jaga jaya laTai rAjA zikSA lIna || pragaTi ghara zrI jaya sAhi narema dharama avatAra jinake praSTa pradhAna nIti dhama jAna budhivara siMdhI thArAMma svAMma ke kAma sudhArata phoja musAhiba hukumacaMda dala udana vidArata jIvaraNa ju siMdha vijama pratula maMtrI vimala prabhAniye manAjulAla bagasi bilaMda TAla hindu kI jAniye / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #136
pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna / 109 amA ju caMda dIvAna svAmimi haribhakta hai mAnAsidha siMgha jimi bala daMDana anurakta hai siramora sItalAla pAlanA prajA samAmha SaMvari vidisi disa gahata Saraca AvadanI hattha hai saba vidhi sujAMna budhivAna varama nI lAla udAracita / savaiyoM ke aMta meM likhA hai "iti zrI nItisAre bhASAyAM kavi cada viracitaM darAgAjI zrI manAlAlajI het"| yaha prati prArambhika prati ho sakatI hai / isameM aneka sthAnoM para zuddha kiyA huA hai| Upara hamane mizrabandhu vinoda se canda athavA candra aura unake nAma sAmya vAle kaviyoM kI sUcI dI hai / usakA eka kAraNa sIdhA yaha hai ki hameM hindI meM canda nAma tathA mAmya rakhane vAle nAma ke kaviyoM kA eka sAtha jJAna ho jAyegA kintu hamArA dUsarA uddezya aura mukhya uddezya yaha jAnanA bhI hai ki jo grantha hameM upalabdha hue haiM aura jinake lekhaka jo caMda nAma ke kavi haiM unakA patA mizrabaMdhuoM taka mila sakA thA athavA nhiiN| isameM jina canda nAma ke kaviyoM kA sAhitya milA hai unameM se eka to 18vIM zatAbdI kA kavi hai / zeSa sabhI 19vIM zatAbdI ke vidita hote haiM / mizrabandhu vinoda ke candabaradAyI to prasiddha haiM aura prasiddhi se bhI adhika vivAdAspada haiM / dUsare canda hitopadeza ke lekhaka haiN| jinakA racanA kAla 1563 mAnA gayA hai / arthAt ve 16vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / eka candasakhI brajabhASI 1638 yAnI 17vIM zatI ke haiM / 18vIM zatI ke kavi haiM eka caMda 'nAganaura kI lIlA' ke lekhaka jinakA racanAkAla 1715 yA 1756 hai / dUsare caMda paThAna aura sulatAna hai jinakA samaya 1761 hai / eka candrasena ko 1726 ke pUrva kA batAyA gayA hai / eka candalAla gosvAmI 1768 ke haiM / ye rAdhAvallabhI haiN| ye 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| 19vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM meM eka candradhana haiM 'bhAgavata sAra bhASA' ke lekhaka jinakA samaya 1863 batAyA gayA hai / dUsare candra rAdhAvallabhI haiM jinakA samaya 1820 batAyA gayA hai / eka candradAsa ko 1823 ke pUrva kA, phira eka candralAla gosvAmI rAdhAvallabhI jinakA kavitA kAla 1824 mAnA gayA hai / sambhavataH ye vahI candralAla haiM jinakA kavitA kAla 1768 batAyA gayA hai| phira eka candrakavi sanADhya caube hai, kavitA kAla 1828 / phira eka candrahita rAdhAvallabhI jinakA racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai / eka canda jo gosAI haiM jinakA racanAkAla 1846 hai| itane 19vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| inameM se hamAre saMgraha ke pahale kavi aura mizrabandhu vinoda ke 'nAganaura' kI lIlA ke lekhaka kavi canda eka hI haiM jinakI racanA 'nAgadamana' haiM / mizrabandhuoM ne ise 'nAganaura' likhA hai jo mUlataH 'nAgadauna' hogA aura isakA racanAkAla saM0 1715 mizrabandhu vinoda meM batAyA gayA hai / hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki 'vINA' meM bhI isI kavi kI isI kRti kA ullekha hai aura unhoMne bhI saMvat 1715 racanA kAla mAnA hai / kyoki saMvat kI jo paMkti hai use 'satraha se dasa paMca' taka grahaNa kareM to usase 1715 hI racanA kA saMvat nikalegA / ataH 'nAgadauna' kI lIlA ke lekhaka canda aura hamAre canda 'nAgadavana' ke lekhaka eka hI pratIta hote haiM / kRti ke nAma meM vibhinnatA hai para viSaya se spaSTa hai ki usameM nAgadamana yA kRSNa kI nAgalIlA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / mizrabandhu vinoda meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #137
110/pANDulipi-vijJAna atyanta sUkSma racanA milatI hai / hamArI dRSTi meM yaha kavi mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha Avazyaka hai ki isa para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAye / hamane Upara spaSTa kiyA hai ki hamArI dRSTi meM isakA racanAkAla 1856 honA cAhie / hameM 'satraha se dasa paMca' para hI nahIM rukanA cAhie pAge chara' ko bhI grahaNa karanA hogaa| hamAre dUsare kavi canda 'bhAgavata dohA' sUcI ke lekhaka haiN| jaisA ki hamane Upara TippaNI meM batAyA hai ki yaha 'bhAgavata dohA sUcI' grantha zrImadbhAgavat zrIdharI TIkA kI dohoM meM sUcI hai| kavi ne eka-eka adhyAya ko eka-eka dohe meM atyanta saMkSepa meM prastuta kara diyA hai| grantha meM jo ullekha hai usase vidita hotA hai ki lekhaka ne 10 skaMdha grantha 1895 meM pUrA kiyA, dvAdaza skaMdha 1896 meM nRsiMha caudasa ko| ina canda ke sambandha meM isa grantha meM jo paricaya diyA huA hai usase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha phatehagar3ha ke nRpati mahArAjA bAghasiMha ke putra the / aMta meM, eka dohe meM yaha bhI ullekha hai jo Upara kI TippaNI meM vidyamAna hai| prArambha meM jisa prakAra vallabhAcArya aura viTThalanAthajI kI vaMdanA kI gayI hai usase spaSTa hai ki yaha puSTi mArgI the| ina kavi canda kA patA mizrabandhunoM ko nahIM thA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| hamAre kavi canda ke 'bhAgavata dohA sUcI' grantha ke samakakSa grantha 'bhAgavata sAra bhASA' ke lekhaka candradhana ko mizrabandhuoM ne 1863 ke pUrva kA batAyA hai| grantha ke nAma se bhI yaha sambhAvanA pratIta hotI hai ki mizrabandhuoM ke candradhana puSTimArgI kavi canda se bhinna haiM / ataH ye eka naye kavi haiM jinakA aba taka patA nahIM thaa| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki yaha 'vAdhanRpati suta canda' vidvAna bhI the aura ucca koTi ke kavi bhI the, tabhI eka adhyAya kA sAra eka dohe meM de sake / phira eka kavi canda 'abhilASA paccIsI' ke lekhaka hai| pratIta hotA hai ki 'samaya paccIsI' aura zrI rAma jI caupar3a ke khyAla' ke lekhaka bhI yahI kavi canda haiN| bahudhA inhoMne apane nAma ke sAtha hita lagAyA hai yathA 'kavi canda hita' jisase bhI siddha hotA hai ki ye hita harivaMza sampradAya arthAt rAdhAvallabhI sampradAya ke kavi haiM / . kavi canda hita kI ina racanAoM kA lipi samaya 1823 diyA huA hai / hita zabda ke AdhAra para dekheM to mizrabandhuoM ke 1001 kI saMkhyA ke kavi canda hita bhI rAdhAvallabhI haiM ataeva donoM eka hI pratIta hote haiN| para inameM se kisI ke sAtha racanAkAla nahIM diyA huA hai| isase antima nirNaya nahIM liyA jA sktaa| ___ inake bAda candralAla gosvAmI ke do racanAkAla haiM, eka 1767 aura eka 182aura eka anya canda rAdhAvallabhI kA samaya 1880 hai| ina tInoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa mizrabandhu vinoda meM nahIM diyA gayA hai| isaliye yaha nirNaya sambhava nahIM ki yaha hamAre kavi canda hita se bhinna haiM yA abhinna / kintu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki kavi canda hita kI racanAyeM 'samaya paccIsI', 'abhilASa paccIsI' tathA 'rAma kI caupar3a kA khyAla' nayI upalabdhiyAM haiM aura isI prakAra 'nItisAra bhASAyAma' ke lekhaka kavi canda bhI eka nayI khoja haiN| jayapura nareza savAI jayasiMha kA 1699 se 1743 taka zAsanakAla hai / inake rAjya ke musAhiba zrI manolAla darogA ke lie yaha racanA kavi canda ne racI / / 1. iti zI nIti sAre bhASAyAM, kavi canda viracitaM darogA jI zrI manIlAlajI het| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #138
dohA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pAMDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna kSetrIya anusaMdhAna / 111 spaSTa hai ki nItisAra kA sambandha vizeSataH rAjanIti se hai / eka anya kavi 'canda nAtha' haiM jina para saMkSipta TippaNI dI hai / inakA grantha 'candranAtha kI zabdI' hameM prApta huA hai / yaha bhI nayI upalabdhi vidita hotI hai| ye nAtha sampradAya ke kavi haiM aura isa zabdI meM yoga kI carcA hai / eka anya canda kavi kI eka kRti 'saMgrAma' hameM anyatra dekhane ko milI / yaha bhI jayapura narezoM ke kavi haiM aura isane 'saMgrAma sAgara' nAmaka grantha meM mahAbhArata ke droNaparva ke anuvAda ke rUpa meM yuddha-zAstra kA varNana kiyA hai| isa kavi ne prArambha meM ziva kI vaMdanA kI hai phira kRSNa kI vaMdanA kI hai kintu isane vistArapUrvaka nRpavaMza varNana tathA kavi vaMza varNana diye haiM jisase jayapura rAjagharAne ke rAjAoM tathA unake Azrita kaviyoM para kucha prakAza par3atA hai / hama inake ye aMza yahA~ jyoM ke tyoM uddhRta kara rahe haiN| pratha nRpa vaMza varNanama chapaye deza r3har3hAhara madhya sarva sukha sampati sAjata / amarAvati sama avani mAMjha meri virAjata / tAsa bhUpa pRthirAja sadA hari bhakti parAyana / bhAramalla tina tanaya khagga khaMDana ari dhAyana / bhagavata dAsa nRpa tAsa suva dakhala jaima dakSiNa kariye / suta mAna jiti zata zaSTi raNa jaza jahA~ na dhana vithayariya | nAma kaMvara jagateza khAna Izava jina khaMDiya / mahA siMdha tina tanaya kIrti mahi maMDala maMDiya | ? (jA) utAma jayasiMdha jIti sevA gahi zraniya / tAsa putra nRpa rAma amala AsAma juThAniya / ? ya kRSNa siMdha tina ke tanaya viSNu siMdha tina suta liyau / jayasiMha savAI jAsa jina azvamedha adhvara kriyau 181 mAdhaveza naranAha tarne tinake paragaTTiya / jina javAhira hi jera ThAni jaTTana daha baTTiya / tina tanUja paratApa tApa dujjana dala maMDiya | kari paTela madamaMga jaMga dakSiNa dala khaMDiya / rAjAdhirAja jagateza maya jina jahAna jaya vizvariya / kari samara (? ka) jja kamadhajja kAraNa bhajAya kamadhajja kiya / tina tanUja jayasAha tarani samateja ujhalalle / janma leta jina timira tata bhaya naSTa musalle kUrama rAma narendra tanai tinake paragaTTiya / puhumi mAMjha purahata jemi prabhutA jina pahiye / savIra mAMjha baTTa suruci droNa juddha cita anusariya | bhASA prabandha kavi canda ko karana hetu prAyasa kariya ||10| lazata bhari kurama sadana kavi kovida vara da deva manuja bhASA nipuNa nirakhyo tahaM kavi canda |11| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #139
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 112 pANDulipi - vijJAna dohA www.kobatirth.org kavi vaMza varNana Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir utana vAsavana pura vizada aMtaraveda makAra / bhayo caMdra mariNa vipra kula kAnya kubja avatAra | 14 | tihi tanUjA giradhara bhale giradhara ko hithavAza | ze jAyana rujagAra lahi dillI pati ke pAza | 15 | bhaye ziromariNa tAsa suta paMDita parama sujAna / lahi nideza yAne ite dillI pati taiM mAna | 10 | tihi tanUja mAdhava bhaye caranaU mAdhava cAha / jisa hameza varNana kiye sujaza bar3e jayasAha | 17: bhaye prakaTa tinake tanaya jAhira lachIrAma / jinheM rIjhi jayasAha nRpa diye diSSa daza grAma | 18 | rAmacandra tinake bhaye pairi sarvaguna paMtha / mahArAjA jayasAha hita alaMkAra kiya graMtha | 19 | pragaTa putra tinake bhaye somAnanda sujAna / mAdhavaze naranAha teM lahyo sarama sanamAna 120 1 tinake suvana sapUta bhe lAlacaMda ika prAya / mahArAja paratApa ko rahai sadA guna gAya | 21 | sukavicaMda tinako tanaya bhI guna uttama gAtra / karama rAma narendra ke bhayo kRpA ko pAtra / 22 / deza videzana meM bhayo kavi paMDita vikhyAta / kurama rAma narendra hita kiye graMtha jinheM sAta | 23 | hukama pAya jihi rAma ko droNa parva anusAra / su saMgrAma sAgara racyo zUrana ko zrRMgAra 124 1 zravaNa sunata hI kSetra kula kAyaratA gaTi jAya / aMga aMga ati jaMga kI mana umaMga adhikAya | 25 | rudra gagana yogIza zazi bhAdra zukla ravivAra / haiji droNa saMgrAma nidhi liyo graMtha avtaar| 1911 27 iti zrI manmahArAjAdhirAja rAjarAjendra zrI savAI rAma siMgha devAjJayA sukavi caMda viracita saMgrAma sAgare pAthupatA- - zubhamastu / patra saMkhyA 378, jilda baMdhI / isake AdhAra para rAjavaMza varNana aura sukavi caMda ke vaMza kA pArasparika sambandha kucha isa prakAra pratIta hotA hai jaise ki prastuta tAlikA meM diyA huA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #140
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusadhAna/113 kAla rAjavaMza kavivaMza 1503-1527 I0 1-pRthvIrAja candramaNi (utanavAsa, kAnya 1548-1574 2-bhAramalla kubja, banapura antarveda giradhara 1574-1590 3-bhagavatadAsa (dillI pati kI sevA meM Aye) 1590-1614 4-mAnasiMha ziromaNi 5-jagateza 1615-1622 6-mahAsiMgha 7-bhAvasiMha 1622-1667 8-jayasiMha pra. 1-mAdhava 2-lacchIrAma 3--rAmacandra 1667 1690 9-rAmasiha pra0 10-kRSNasiMha 11-viSNusiMha 1700-1743 12-jayasiMha savAI dvi 1743-1751 13-savAI IzvarIsiMha 1751-1778 14-savAI mAdhavasiMha zobhAcaMda, javAhara 1778-1803 15-savAI pratApasiMha lAlacaMda 1803-1818 16-savAI jagatasiMha 17-savAI jayazAha 1835-1880 18-savAI rAmasiMha dvi0 sukavi caMda 1880-1922 19-savAI mAdhosiMha jI bahAdura dvi0 1922-1970 20-savAI mAnasiMha 1970-1971 21-savAI bhavAnIsiMha aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'nAtha vaMza prakAza' kA lekhaka tathA 'saMgrAma sAgara' kA lekhaka tathA 'nItisAra' kA lekhaka eka hI vyakti hai| isa kavi ne saMgrAma sAgara meM yaha ullekha to kiyA hai ki usane savAI rAmasiMha ke lie sAta grantha likhe / eka grantha 'bheda prakAza nATaka' bhI eka anya hastalekhAgAra meM hameM dekhane ko milaa| usakA lekhaka bhI sukavi caMda hai| usakA racanA kAla san 1890-1912 diyA huA hai| yaha bhI isI kavi kA pratIta hotA hai| mizrabandhu vinoda ne kavi canda ke jisa 'bheda prakAza grantha' kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha bhI isI kavi se abhinna vidita hotA hai| isa kavi kI ora vizeSa dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai| isa kavi kA kAvya stara bhI U~cA hai| yahA~ khoja meM prApta ina 'canda' nAma ke kucha kaviyoM kA sAmAnya paricaya tulanApUrvaka diyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #141
114/pANDulipi-vijJAna isa eka vistRta udAharaNa se una sabhI bAtoM para prakAza par3a jAtA hai, jo ki isa prakAra ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM upayoga meM AtI haiN| niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki jitanI bhI upalabdha sAmagrI hai usake AdhAra para pahale to eka sUcI samAna nAma ke kaviyoM ko banAyI jAnI caahie| isameM saMkSepa meM ve Avazyaka sUcanAe~ dI jAnI cAhie jo sAmAnyataH apekSita haiM, yathA-unake grantha, unakA racanA-kAla evaM unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke sambandha meM anya sUcanAe~ / inake AdhAra para yaha dekhanA hogA ki kauna-kauna se kavi aise haiM jo eka hI vyakti haiM, bhale hI unake noTisa yA vivaraNa alaga-alaga lie gae hoM / isa prakAra samasta upalabdha sAmagrI kA eka sarasarA nirIkSaNa prastuta ho jAtA hai, jo viSaya ke adhyetA ke lie upayogI ho sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI apane saMgraha meM upalabdha isI nAma ke kaviyoM ke granthoM kI kucha vistAra se carcA kara dene se yaha bhI patA cala sakatA hai ki kyA hamArI sAmagrI bilkula nayo upalabdhi hai aura kyA kinhIM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa ho sakatI hai ? yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki uparyukta eka nAma ke kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kI yaha carcA ina kaviyoM kA adhyayana nahIM hai, isakA uddezya kevala jAnakArI denA hai| aba pANDulipi vijJAnArthI ko isI prakAra kI anya apekSita sUciyA~ yA tAlikAeM bhI apane tathA anyoM ke lie apekSita upayogI jAnakArI yA sUcanA dene ke lie prastuta karanI caahie| yahA~ taka una prayatnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo pANDulipi ke samparka meM prAne para pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI ko karane hote haiM / vivaraNa prakAra : inameM se sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya hai vivaraNa lene aura prastuta karane kA / ina prayatnoM ko saMkSepa meM yoM duharAyA jA sakatA hai| vivaraNa kaI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM : eka prakAra ko 'laghu sUcanA' kaha sakate haiM, isameM nimnalikhita bAtoM kA ullekha saMkSepa se paryApta mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. kramAMka 2. racayitA kA nAma ........."(akArAdi krama meM) 3. grantha nAma" DaoN. vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, pradhAna mantrI, nirIkSaka, khoja vibhAga, kAzI-nAgarI-pracAriNI-samA ne 'hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA prayodaza vaivArSika vivaraNa (san 1926-28 I.) kI 'pUrva pIThikA' meM isI prakAra kA eka sujhAva diyA thaa| unhoMne likhA hai, "gerA vicAra hai ki kucha pramukha granthakAroM para khoja kI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kucha pustakeM pRthaka rUpa meM kumazaH prakAzita kI jAya / inase anusandhAna karane vAloM ko vizeSa lAbha to hogA hI, AlocanA karane galoM aura graMtha sampAdita karane vAloM ko bhI saralatA hogii| anAyAsa unheM bahata-sI sAmagrI ghara baiThe mila jaaygii| idharaudhara bhaTakane kI AvazyakatA nahIM pddegii|" (pa.da) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #142
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna 115 4. viSaya............. 5. racanA kAla... ""racanA sthAna"....." 6. lipi kAla.... ..."lipi sthAna .... .... 7. lipikAra 'mizrabandhu vinoda' meM aisI sUcanAeM bahuta haiM, yathA nAma (1025) Teka canda grantha (1) tatvArtha zruta sAgarI TIkA kI vacanikA (1837), (2) sudRSTi taraMgiNI vacanikA (1838), (3) SaT pAhuDa vacanikA, (4) kathA koza (5) budha prakAza (6) aneka pUjA pATha racanA kAla--18371 aisI sUcanAe~ prakAzana karake pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI bhaviSya ke anusandhAna kA bIja vapana karatA hai, tathA sAhitya sampatti kI samRddhi ke lekhe-jokhe meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| sAhitya ke itihAsa aura saMskRti ke itihAsa kI yathArtha rUpa-racanA meM nirmApaka tantu yA IMTa kA bhI kAma karatA hai| kabhI-kabhI to racayitA (kavi) ke nAma kI sUcI yA granthanAma kI sUcI de denA bhI upayogI hotA hai / ina sUciyoM se una kaviyoM aura granthoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita hotA hai jo bhale hI gauNa ho, para sAhitya tathA saMskRti kI mahattvapUrNa kar3iyAM haiN| zrI nalina vilocana zarmA jI ne 'sAhitya kA itihAsa darzana' meM ina gauNa kaviyoM kA mahattva sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura pAMDulipi meM siddha vidvAna kI bhA~ti kucha sUciyA~ bhI parizrama pUrvaka kiye gaye anusaMdhAna ko caritArtha karane vAlI dI haiN| eka sUcI unhoMne saMskRta ke gogA kaviyoM kI vividha subhASita granthoM se prastuta kI hai| isa tAlikA meM unhoMne 'sadukti karNAmRta' se hI chAMTa kara gauraNa kavi diye haiM / ina kaviyoM ko sUcI meM akArAdi krama se saMjoyA hai, dUsare unhoMne isa tAlikA meM yaha bhI saMketa 1. mizrabandhu vinoda, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 818 / 2. unhoMne yaha sUcI nimna subhASita granthoM se taiyAra kI hai : (ka) sadukti karNAmRta (zrIdharadAsa dvArA 13vIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM sNklit)| yahI isa tAlikA kA mukhya AdhAra hai| (ba) kavIndra vacana samuccaya (jisameM sabhI kavi 1000 I. se pUrva ke hI haiN)| (ga) subhASita muktAvalI evaM sUkti muktAvalI (gha) donoM (jalhaNa dvArA saMkalita) 13vIM zatI ke madhya kI hai| (Ga) zAGgaMdhara paddhati (14vIM kA madhya) / (ca) subhASitAvalI (15viiN)| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #143
116 / pANDulipi - vijJAna kara diyA hai ki samAna chaMda yA kavi kA nAmollekha kisI anya subhASita saMgraha meM bhI hai / tIsarA mahattvapUrNa saMketa isa tAlikA meM yaha diyA gayA hai ki ina gauNa kaviyoM ke sambandha meM 'sAhitya' tathA 'jIvanI' sambandhI kucha sAmagrI Aja kina-kina srotoM se upalabdha hai / isa paddhati ko samajhAne ke lie isa tAlikA meM se kucha udAharaNa diye jAte haiM1. acala : kavIndra samuccaya ( Age 'ka' se saMketita), koI sUcanA nahIM ( Age na. se saMketita) / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vyAkhyA : 1. akArAdi krama meM 'acala' pahale AtA hai / yaha zabda zarmAjI ne 'sadukti karNAmRta' se liyA hai / 2. 'kavIndra samuccaya' meM bhI yaha kavi milatA hai / 3. 'ka' saMketa se abhiprAya hai ki Age jahA~ 'kavIndra samuccaya' kA ullekha hogA vahA~ kevala 'ka' likhA jAyegA / 4. 'acala' ke sambandha meM koI aura sUcanA nahIM miltii| isake lie ki koI sUcanA nahIM milatI, saMketAkSara 'na' rakhA hai| sUcI meM Age jahA~ 'na' AyegA hA~ yahI abhiprAya hogA ki usa kavi ke sambandha meM koI aura jAnakArI nahIM milatI / 74. gaNapati-su. meM pITarasana ne (pR. 33 ) likhA hai ki jalharaNa kI sU. meM rAjazekhara kA eka zloka hai jisameM gagApati nAmaka eka kavi aura usakI kRti 'mahA moha' kA ullekha hai / ' vyAkhyA : 1. saMkhyA 74 prakArAdi krama meM sUcI meM gaNapati kA sthAna batAtI hai / 2. 'su.' subhASitAvalI kA saMketAkSara hai / saMkhyA 14 ke grantha meM isakA saMketa hai / vahA~ yaha pUre nAma se de dI gaI hai / 3. 'sU.' yaha 'sUkti muktAvalI' kA saMketAkSara hai / yaha sUcanA 36vIM saMkhyA ke kavi ke sandarbha meM dI gaI hai / 131. tutAtita, oNpha khta (kaiTelaoNgasa-kaiTelegorama) ke anusAra sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha mImAMsaka kumArila svAmI kA nAma 12 ina udAharaNoM se yaha vidita hogA ki mizrabandhunoM ne jo saMkSipta vivaraNa diye haiM unase yaha Age kA caraNa hai, kyoMki eka zabda yA eka paMkti likhane ke pIche lekhaka kA vizad adhyayana vidyamAna hai, usakA upayoga bhI isa tAlikA meM bharapUra huA hai / yaha tAlikA sUcI mAtra nahIM varan adhyayana-pramANita vivaraNa hai / prAcArya nalina vilocana zarmA ne 482 gauraNa kaviyoM kI tAlikA dI hai| usake sAtha yaha TippaNI hai : " Upara prastuta tAlikA se saMskRta" ke jJAta gauNa kaviyoM kI saMkhyA kA anumAna mAtra kiyA jA sakatA hai / anya samasta sulabha srotoM se aise nAma saMkalita kiye jAyeM to saMkhyA sahasrAdhika hogI / " nizcaya hI aisI tAlikA prastuta karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kisI sImA taka pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI ke kSetra meM AtA hai / usake AdhAra para saMskRta sAhitya kA pUrNa itihAsa likhanA sAhitya ke itihAsakAra kA kAma hogA / 1. zarmA, nalina vilocana, sAhitya kA itihAsa - darzana, pR. 14 | 2. vahI, pR. 16 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #144
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/117 isa prakAra prAcArya nalina vilocana zarmA ne 'hindI ke gauNa kaviyoM kA itihAsa' zIrSaka adhyAya meM '971' kaviyoM kI tAlikA dI hai| yaha tAlikA bhI unhoMne prakAzita granthoM ke AdhAra para prakAzita kI hai / isa sambandha meM unakI bhUmikAvat yaha TippaNI ullekhya hai : ___"paramAnanda suhAne tathA inase bhinna bahusaMkhyaka kaviyoM kI sphuTa racanAe~ zivasiMha saroja meM bhI saMgRhIta haiM / yaha durbhAgya kA viSaya hai ki sarojakAra dvArA ullikhita AkaragranthoM meM se prAyaH sabhI aAja aprApya haiM / paramAnanda suhAne ke hajArA meM jina kaviyoM ke chaMda saMgRhIta haiM, unake nAmoM aura samaya Adi ko, saroja para avalambita Age dI gaI tAlikA se milA kara hindI ke gauNa kaviyoM ke adhyayana ke nimitta AdhAra-bhUmi taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai| isa tAlikA meM sarojakAra dvArA kiye gaye nAmoM tathA samaya ke viSaya meM griyarsana tathA kizorIlAla gosvAmI kI TippaNiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai|" prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA mudrita aura upalabdha granthoM ke AdhAra para aisI sUcI prastuta karanA pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI ke kSetra meM AtA hai ? Apatti sArthaka ho sakatI hai| para pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI ko apane bhAvI kAryakrama kI dRSTi se yA kisI paripATI ko yA praNAlI ko hRdayaMgama karane ke lie inakA jJAna Avazyaka hai / hastalekhoM meM zatazaH aise saMgraha grantha mileMge jo 'hajArA' kI bhA~ti ke hoMge / unake kavi aura kAvya ko tAlikAbaddha karane ke lie yahI praNAlI kAma meM lAyI jA sakatI hai jo prAcArya nalina vilocana zarmA ne yahA~ dI hai| tAlikA kA rUpa : aba isa tAlikA ke rUpa ko samajhane ke lie kucha udAharaNa diye jAte haiM : (1) prakabara bAdazAha sa0, dillI, 1584 vi0, gri0 ki0, 1556-1605 / (2) ajabesa (prAcIna) sa0, 1570, vi0 ; gri0, ki0, isa nAma kA kavi korI kalpanA / (5) avadheza brAhmaNa sa0, vadarabArI, bundelakhaNDI, 1901 vi.; gri0, 1840 I0 meM upa0 / (6) avadheza brAhmaNa sa0, bhUpA ke buMdelakhaMDI, 1835 vi0; gri0, janma 1832 I0 / ki0 ke anusAra donoM avadheza brAhmaNa eka hI haiM; racanAkAla 1886--1917 I0 hai; 1838 I0 janmakAla nahIM hai __(787) lakSmaNazaraNa dAsa ki0, "isa kavi kA astitva hI nahIM hai" saroja meM uddhRta pada meM 'dAsa sarana lachimana suta bhUpa' kA artha hai--"yaha dAsa lachimana suta arthAt vallabhAcArya kI zaraNa meM hai|" (806) zambhu kavi sa0, rAjA zambhunAtha siMha sulaMkI, sitArAgar3havAle 1, 1738 vi0 nAyikA bheda; AcArya zarmA yahA~ 'gosvAmI' bhUla se likha gae haiM / yaha 'gupta' hai| zarmA, nalina vilocana' sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana. pR. 161 / 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #145
118/pANDulipi-vijJAna ni0, sitArA ke rAjA zambhunAthasiMha sulakI, urpha zambhukavi, urpha nAtha kavi, urpha nRpazambhu, 1650 I0 ke Asa-pAsa upasthita, sundarI tilaka, satkavigirAvilAsa, kaviyoM ke AzrayadAtA hI nahIM, svayaM eka prasiddha grantha ke racayitA, yaha zRMgAra-rasa meM hai aura isakA nAma 'kAvya nirAlI' (?), ki0, zambhunAtha solaMkI kSatriya nahIM, marAThe, saroja meM isa kavi ke sambandha meM likhA hai.---"zRMgAra kI inakI kAvya nirAlI hai| nAyikA-bheda kA inakA grantha sarvopari hai / isI kA bhraSTa aMgrejI anuvAda griyarsana ne kiyA hai aura inake kAvya grantha kA nAma 'kAvya nirAlI' DhUr3ha nikAlA hai| inakA nakhazikha ratnAkAra jI dvArA sampAdita hokara bhArata jIvana presa, kAzI se prakAzita ho cukA hai|" ina uddharaNoM se isa praNAlI kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / kAlakrama meM sabase pahalA grantha 'saroja' arthAt zivasiMha saroja, usane kavi kA ullekha sabase pahale kiyaa| AdhAra hI use banAyA hai / saroja kA dyotaka saMketAkSara 'sat' / usake bAda griyarsana ne sUcanA dI hai / griyarsana kA dyotaka saMketAkSara 'ni0' taba 'ki0' saMketAkSara se kizorIlAla gupta ko abhihita karAte hue unake 'saroja sarvekSaNa' se Avazyaka jAnakArI saMkSepa meM de dI hai| isa prakAra eka aisI sUcI yA tAlikA kI AdhArazilA prAcArya zarmA ne rakha dI hai jisameM pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI apanI dRSTi se yathAsthAna naye kaviyoM kA nAma aura Avazyaka sUcanA jor3atA jA sakatA hai tathA TippaNI dekara adyatana adhyayanoM se prApta jJAna ko hastAmalakavat kara sakatA hai| pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI isI sUcI kA upayogI samvarddhana do prakAra se kara sakatA hai : prathama to aba taka kI khojoM ke vivaraNoM se sAmagrI lekara / yathA, khoja meM upalabdha hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA aThArahavA~ traivArSika vivaraNa (san 1941-45 I0) dvitIya bhAga meM jisake sampAdaka paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra haiM : caturtha pariziSTa (ka) meM prastuta khoja meM mile navIna racayitAoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai, aura unakA zatAbdI krama bhI batAyA hai| isa nAmAvalI meM 206 kavi haiN| pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ina nAmoM kI parIkSA kara apanI tAlikA meM prAmANika kaviyoM ko sthAna de sakatA hai / __isase bhI mahattvapUrNa caturtha pariziSTa (ga) hai| isameM kAvya-saMgrahoM meM Aye navIna kaviyoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| isa sUcI meM gauNa kaviyoM kI tAlikA aura adhika upayogI ho jAyegI aura zodhArthI ko zodha kI dizAoM kA nirdeza bhI kara skegii| pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko eka tAlikA aura banA kara apane pAsa rakhanI hogii| yaha tAlikA usake svayaM ke upayoga ke lie to hogI hI, anya anusaMdhAtA bhI usakA upayoga kara sakate haiM / isa tAlikA ko rA0va0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI DI0liTa0, ema0pAra0e0esa0 ne trayodaza traivArSika vivaraNa meM isa rUpa meM diyA hai| yaha inhoMne caturtha pariziSTa meM diyA hai| isakI vyAkhyA yoM kI gaI hai : "mahattvapUrNa hastalekhoM ke samaya evaM san 1928 I0 taka prakAzita khoja vivaraNikAoM meM unake ullekha kA vivaraNa / " tAlikA kA rUpa yaha hai : saMkhyA racayitAoM hastalekhoM prApta hastalekhoM ke vizeSa kA nAma kA nAma ullekha tathA samaya 5 1 2 3 4 1. zarmA, nalina vilocana-sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana, pR0 226 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #146
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusandhAna/119 yaha tAlikA upayogI hai, yaha svayaMsiddha hai, kyoMki sandarbha kI dRSTi se bhI khojavivaraNoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai, jahA~ vistRta vivaraNa dekhe jA sakate haiN| saMkhyA 4 ko do bhAgAM meM bhI vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : prathama-yaha bhAga kevala samaya-dyotaka hogA, aura dUsarA, yaha bhAga vivaraNikAoM kA ullekha kregaa| DaoN0 hIrAlAla ne kevala nA0 pra0 sa0 ke khoja ke vivaraNoM ke hI ullekha diye haiM, para pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko jitane bhI aise vivaraNa mileM una sabhI se sUcanAe~ denI hogii| spaSTa hai ki yaha tAlikA jitanI paripUrNa hogI utanI hI adhika upAdeya hogii| isa vivecana se hamArA dhyAna DaoN0 kizorIlAla gupta ke prayatna kI ora jAtA hai jo unhoMne 'saroja sarvekSaNa' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / 'saroja' meM diye vivaraNoM kI anya srotoM se prApta sAmagrI kA upayoga kara unhoMne parIkSA kI hai aura unake sambandha meM sapramANa apanA nirNaya bhI diyA hai| pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ke lie yaha praNAlI upayogI hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| vaha kisI bhI prApta 'pAMDulipi' ke viSaya meM upalabdha anya sAmagrI se isI prakAra parIkSA karake TippaNI degA, isase adyatana jJAtavya kI sUcanA upalabdha raha skegii| isI paripATI kA pallavita rUpa vaha hai jo 'candakavi' ke vivaraNa meM Upara diyA gayA hai| aise vivaraNa eka-eka kavi para pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko prastuta kara lene cAhie / Upara hama dekha cuke haiM ki vivaraNa ke mukhyataH do bhAga hote haiN| eka ko 'paricaya' kaha sakate haiN| isakA vistRta vivaraNa vivecanApUrvaka diyA jA cukA hai| dUsarA aMza hai : viSaya kA aMtaraMga paricaya Adi, madhya aura anta ke uddharaNoM sahita / kAzI nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA kI khoja-riporToM meM prArambha meM Adi, madhya (kabhI madhya uddhRta nahIM bhI kiyA jAtA thA) aura anta ke chaMda-mAtra de die jAte the| prArambha mAna lIjie dohe se hai to mAtra vaha dohA de diyA jAtA thaa| anta eka kavitta se ho rahA hai to basa kevala usI ko de dete the / isase viSaya kA apekSita paricaya nahIM mila pAtA thA / ataH jArja griyarsana ke parAmarza se isa viSaya ke aMtaraMga paricaya ko adhika vistAra diyA jAne lgaa| viSaya kI bhI kucha adhika vistRta rUparekhA dI jAne lgii| isa bAta kI ora ukta 'vivaraNikA' meM DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne saMketa kiyA hai : "isameM vigata vivaraNikAnoM kI apekSA granthoM ke viSaya kA vivaraNa vistAra se diyA bhI gayA hai| kevala unhIM kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai jinakA vivaraNa vigata vivaraNikAoM meM vistRta rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| aisA sara jArja griyarsana ke sujhAva se hI kiyA gayA hai jo upAdeya to avazya hai kintu isase vivaraNikA vistAra bahuta ho gayA vistAra ke rUpa vivaraNa ke vistAra ke bhI tIna rUpa sambhavataH mAne jA sakate haiM / 1. viSaya kA byaurevAra bahuta saMkSepa meM sAra-rUpa / isase grantha ke pratipAdya kA kucha jJAna ho sakatA hai| yaha paricaya grantha kA jJAna karAne ke lie nahIM hotA, varan grantha 1. hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA prayodaza vaivASika vivaraNa, pR.7| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #147
120/ pANDulipi - vijJAna kI viSaya-vastu aura vijJAnArthI kI dRSTi se usakI prakRti aura pratipAdya kI paddhati kA ullekha karatA hai / DaoN0 TaisITarI ne apane dRSTikoNa se una hastalekhoM kI vistRta TippaNiyA~ lIM, jo aitihAsika mahattva ke the / dUsarA rUpa hai mUla uddharaNoM kA ; pAMDulipi ke prAdi, madhya aura anta meM aise uddharaNa dene kA aura itane uddharaNa dene kA ki unase una mUla uddharaNoM ke dvArA kavi yA lekhaka kI bhASA, zailI tathA anya abhivyaktigata vaiziSTyoM kI ora dRSTi jA sake / isakA tIsarA rUpa hai graMtha meM AyI samasta puSpikAoM ko uddhRta karanA / puSpikA se kitanI hI mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ milatI haiM / isa prakAra vivaraNa prastuta karake pAMDulipi - vijJAnArthI upalabdha sAmagrI ke upayoga ke lie mArga prazasta kara detA hai / kAlakramAnusAra sUcI inameM se eka kAlakramAnusAra upalabdha graMtha sUcI bhI ho sakatI hai jo itihAsa ke kSetroM meM prasiddha 'The Chronology of Indian History' (bhAratIya itihAsa ke kAlakrama) ke DhaMga kI ho sakatI hai| mere sAmane aisI hI eka pustaka C. Mabel Duff kI likhI hai / usake prArambha meM dI gaI kucha bAteM yahA~ denA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / pahale to unhoMne likhA hai ki "isa kRti meM nAgarika tathA sAhityika itihAsa kI na tithiyoM ko ekatra kara vyavasthita rUpa se tAlikAbaddha kara denA abhipreta hai, jo vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna se Aja ke dina taka nirdhArita kI jA cukI hai / isase yaha siddha hai ki ve tithiyoM hI dI gaI haiM jo vaijJAnika pravidhi se puSTa hokara nirvivAda ho gaI haiM / dUsarI bAta unhoMne yaha batAI hai ki bhAratIya itihAsa kI sAmagrI mAtrA meM pracura hai aura aneka graMthoM aura nibandhoM meM phailI huI hai, ataH isa kAla - tAlikA meM usa samasta sAmagrI kA vyavasthita karake to rakhA hI gayA hai, srotoM kA nirdeza bhI hai jisase yaha tAlikA samasta sAmagrI ke srotoM kI anukramaNikA bhI bana gaI hai / ye donoM bAteM hameM dhyAna meM rakhanI hoNgii| Dapha ne isa tAlikA meM kucha tithiyA~ (san saMvata ) iTeliksa meM dI haiM / iTeliksa meM ve tithiyA~ dI gaI haiM jo pUrI taraha sahI nahIM haiM, para niSkarSa se nikAlI gaI haiM aura lagabhaga sahI (Approx mately Correct ) mAnI jA sakatI haiM / yaha praNAlI bhI upayogI hai kyoMki isameM sunizcita aura prAyaH nizcita tithiyoM meM antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai jo vaijJAnika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / isa pustaka meM se sAhitya sambandhI kucha ullekha udAharaNArtha prastuta karanA samIcIna hogA / pustaka aMgrejI meM hai; yahA~ apekSita aMzoM kA hindI rUpAntara diyA jA rahA hai : I0pU0 3102 zukravAra, pharavarI 18, kaliyuga yA hindU jyotiSa saMvat kA prArambha'' yaha bahudhA tithiyoM meM diyA jAtA hai, yaha vikrama saMvata se 3044 varSa pUrva kA hai aura zaka saMvat se 3179 varSa pUrva kA 140 pataMjalI, vaiyAkaraNa, 'mahAbhASya' kA racayitA I0pU0 140-120 meM vidyamAna / 'mahAbhASya' ke zravatararaNoM se golDasTukara evaM bhaNDArakara ne pataMjali kI tithi nirdhArita kI hai / jiname vidita hotA hai ki vaha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #148
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna/121 menAMDara aura puSyamitra ke samakAlIna the| pUrvI bhArata ke gonArda ke ve nivAsI the aura kucha samaya ke lie kazmIra meM bhI rahe the| unakI mA~ kA nAma goNikA thAgolDasTukara pANini 234 / LitRem i, 131 ff. LiAii, 485. BD8. 1 A, i, 299 ff. JBRAS, XVI, 181, 199. sana I0 476 AryabhaTTa, jyotiSI kA janma kusumapura (pATaliputra) meM, prArthASTaka tathA dazagItikA kA racayitA-WL. 257. Indische Streifen, iii, 300-2 gaNakataraMgiNI, ed. sudhAkara, The Pandit, N. S. XIV (1892), P. 2. 600 kavibANa, zrI harSacarita, kAdambarI aura caMDikAzataka ke racayitA, mayUra, sUrya-zataka ke racayitA, daNDI, dazakumAra carita evaM kAvyAdarza ke racayitA aura divAkara isa kAla meM the kyoMki ye kannauja ke harSavarddhana ke samasAmayika the| jaina paramparA ke anusAra mayUra bANa ke zvasura the| bhaktAmara stotra ke racayitA mAnatuMga bhI isI kAla ke haiN| vhalara, Di indischer Inschriften Petersons subhASitAvalI, Int. 88. VOJ, IV, 67. 1490 hindI kavi kabIra isI kAla ke lagabhaga the kyoMki ve dillI ke sikaMdara zAha lodI ke samasAmayika the-BOD. 204 / ur3iyA ke kavi dIna kRSNadAsa, rasa-kallola ke kartA bhI sambhavataH isI kAla meM the| ve ur3IsA ke puruSottama deva (jinakA rAjyakAla 1478-1503 ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai) ke samasAmayika the, mAdi / isa paddhati meM yaha dRSTavya hai ki prathama stambha meM kevala san (IsvI) diyA gayA hai| aura sabhI bAteM dUsare stambha meM rahatI haiN| jina ghaTanAoM kI ThIka tithiyA~ vidita haiM ve yadi eka hI varSa ke andara ghaTita huI haiM, to unheM tithi-krama se diyA jAtA hai| hameM hindI ke hastalekhoM yA pAMDulipiyAM kI aisI kAlakrama tAlikA banAne ke lie nimna bAtoM kA ullekha karanA hogA / stambha to do hI rakhane hoNge| pahale meM pracalita 'san' ukta itihAsa kI tAlikA kI bhAMti hI denA ThIka hogaa| dUsare khAne meM pahale khAne ke san ke sAmane saM0 likhakara 'saMvat' kI saMkhyA denI hogii| usake nIce 'caitra' se prArambha karake tithi kA ullekha karanA ThIka mAnA jA sakatA hai / tithi kA pUrA vivaraNa 'puSpikA' sahita likhanA cAhie / 'kRtikAra' kA nAma, prAzrayadAtA kA nAma, kRti ke likhe jAne ke sthAna kA nAma, graMtha kA viSaya / sAtha hI lipikAra yA lipikAroM ke nAma / lipi karane kA sthAna-nAma, lipikAla, lipikAla kI kAlakrama se bhI praviSTi kI jaayegii| vahA~ bhI lipikAra ke sAtha graMtha aura racayitA kA ullekha kAla-sahita kiyA jAyegA, yathA--- pAMDulipi kAlakrama tAlikA kramasaMkhyA IsavI san 760 vi0 saM0 817 sarahapA-brAhmaNa, bhikSu siddha (6) deza magadha (nAlaMdA) kRtiyA~kAyakoSa-amRta-vajragIti, cittakoSa-aMja-vaz2agIti, DAkinI guhya, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #149
122 pANDulipi-vijJAna vajragIti, dohA koSa-upadezagIti, dohA koSa, tatvopadeza-zikharadohA koSa, bhAvanA phala-dRSTi caryA, dohA-koSa, basantatilaka-dohA koSa, caryAgIta dohA koSa, mahAmudropadeza dohA koSa, sarahapAda gItikA (gopAladharmapAla ke rAjya-kAla (750-70-806 I0) meM vidyamAna / / rA0 sAM.--"purAtattva nibandhAvali (pR0 169) rA0 mAM0- hindI kAvya dhaaraa)| 2. 1459 vi0saM0 1516 9, jyeSTha badi, budhavAra (racanA kaal)| 'lakhamasena padmAvati' racayitA daamo| lipikAla : saM0 1669 varSa, mAha 7 / lipisthAna : phalakher3A / saMvat panarai solottarA majhAri, jyeSTha badi navamI budhavAra / sapta tArikA nakSatra dRr3ha jANi, vIra vAdhArasa karU ba~khANa" dAmo racita lakhamasena padmAvatI saM0 narmadezvara caturvedI+prakAzita (parimala prakAzana prayAga-2) prathama saM0 1959 I0 / aba 1459 meM 10 vIM bRhaspativAra jyeSTha vadI kI koI racanA hai to 'lakhamasena padmAvatI' ke ullekha ke bAda isI stambha meM likhI jaaygii| pahale vikrama saMvat, taba racanAtithi, grantha kA nAma, racayitA kA nAma tathA anya Avazyaka sUcanAe~ dekara naye praghaTraka se puSpa yA tAraka ( * ) lagA kara sandarbha sUcanA de dI jAnI cAhiye / pratyeka pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI apane-apane lie ye kAlakrama tAlikAe~ banA makate haiM, para AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki The Chronology of Indian History kI taraha samasta pAMDulipiyoM kI 'kAlakrama tAlikA' prastuta kara dI jAya / sAtha hI dAMyI ora itanA sthAna chUTA rahe ki pAMDulipiyoM ke prakAzana kI sUcanA yathA samaya bhara dI jAya, yathA : Upara (+) cihna ke sAtha prakAzana sUcanA dI gayI hai| adhyayana ko, vizeSa dRSTi se upayogI banAne ke lie, aisI sUciyAM bhI prastuta karanI hoMgI jaisI DabalyU0 ema0 kallevAirTa (W.M. Callewaert) ne beljiyama ke 'moriyaMTeliyA lovanInasiyA pIriyoDikA' ke 1973 ke aMka meM prakAzita karAyI hai aura zIrSaka diyA hai "sarca phaoNra mainyuskripTas praoNva da dAdUpanthI liTarecara ina rAjasthAna"! arthAt rAjasthAna meM dAdUpaMthI sAhitya ke hastalekhoM kI khoja huii| ___isa 12 pRSTha ke nibandha meM choTI-sI bhUmikA meM unhoMne yaha batAyA hai ki 'sabase pahale svAmI maMgaladAsa jI ne 77 dAdUpanthI lekhakoM kI vyavasthita sUcI prastuta kI jisameM lekhakoM ke nAma, unakI kRtiyA~ aura sambhAvita racanA-kAla diyaa| phira bhI bahuta-se dAdupanthI lekhakoM ke bahata-se hastalikhita grantha abhI taka sUcIbaddha nahIM hae haiN| taba lekhaka ne yaha batAyA hai ki "ina pRSThoM meM rAjasthAna, dillI aura vArANasI meM pAMca mahIne kI avadhi meM unhoMne jo zodha kI usake pariNAma diye gaye haiN| lekhaka ne yaha bAta pahale hI spaSTa kara dI hai ki 1. Callewaert, W.M.--Search for Manuscripts of the Dadu Panthi Literature in Rajasthan, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica (1973-74), For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #150
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna, 123 isa sUcI kA yaha dAvA nahIM ki isameM jitane bhI sambhava saMgraha ho sakate haiM, sabhI kA upayoga kara liyA gayA hai / isa kathana se usa bhrama ko dUra kiyA gayA hai, jo sambhavataH isa sUcI ko dekhakara paidA hotA ki isa lekhaka ne sUcI adyatana pUrNa kara dI hai, aba aura kucha zeSa nahIM rahA / vastutaH mAnavIya prayatnoM kI sAmarthya aura sImAnoM ke kAraNa aisA dAvA koI bhI nahIM kara sakatA ki aisI sUcI usa viSaya kI antima sUcI hai|" __phira lekhaka ne yaha bhI iMgita kara diyA hai ki isa sUcI meM dAdU ke ziSyoM ke dvArA prastuta kiye gaye sAhitya kA hI samAveza hai, kisI anya kI kRti kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai to yathAsthAna usakA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai / lekhaka ne sUcI meM una granthoM kI pAMDulipiyoM kA ullekha karanA bhI samIcIna samajhA hai jinakA mudrita rUpa mila jAtA hai| aisA usane pAThAlocana ke lie unakI upayogitA ko dRSTi meM rakha kara kiyA hai| yaha sUcanA bhI usane dI hai ki san-saMvata kI saMkhyA se IsvI san (A.D.) hI abhihita hai| pratilipi ke kAlakrama se hI grantha sUcI taiyAra kI gaI hai| __isa sambandha meM lekhaka ke pakSa meM hameM yaha kahanA hai ki pratilipi-kAla adhikAMza pAMDulipiyoM meM mila jAtA hai, jaba ki racanA-kAla bahuta kama racanAoM meM prApta hotA hai / yaha bAta saMta-sAhitya ke sambandha meM sarvAdhika satya hai| ataH sUcI banAne meM krama kI dRSTi se vaijJAnika AdhAra pratilipi kA kAla hI ho sakatA hai| yoM bhI pratilipi-kAla mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki yaha kAla yaha to siddha karatA hI hai ki racanA isa kAla se pUrva huii| yaha kAla grantha kI lokapriyatA kA bhI prasAraNa hotA hai, aura lipi ke tatkAlIna rUpa kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| ___ isake bAda saMgrahoM yA saMgrahAlayoM kI saMketa sUcI gaI hai, kyoMki sUcI meM Age saMketAkSaroM se hI kAma calAyA gayA hai| aise 16 saMgrahoM yA saMgrahAlayoM ke saMketAkSara diye gaye haiM, yathAH 'D.M' : dAdU mahAvidyAlaya, motI DUMgarI, jypur| jina saMgrahoM se yaha sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai ve nimna prakAra ke haiM : 1. saMsthAnoM ke saMgraha, jaise-dAdU mahAvidyAlaya kA, dAdUdvArA narainA kA, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kA, anUpa saMskRta pustakAlaya bIkAnera kA, aadi| . 2. aisI bar3I saMsthAoM ke antargata viziSTa varga yA kakSa ke saMgraha, yathA : NPM : yaha saMketa kAzo nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA vArANasI (Varanasi) ke pustakAlaya ke 'mAyAzaMkara yAjJika saMgraha ke lie hai| aise mahAgraMtha jinameM graMtha saMkalita hoM, yathA : NAR, MG yaha saMketAkSara 'dAdU dvArA narainA' ke mahAgraMtha kA dyotaka hai| 4. aisI sUciyA~ jinameM pAMDulipiyoM kA ullekha hai : yathA : NPV. yaha kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI dvArA prakAzita hastalikhita hindI pustakoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (1900-55) / I-II 1964 ke saMskaraNa kA dyotaka hai| isa vivaraNa se bhI dAdUpanthI granthoM ko isa sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| 5. vyaktiyo ke saMgraha, yathA : KT. yaha saMketAkSara hai paM0 kRpAzaMkara tivArI, 1, myUjiyama ror3a, jayapura ke saMgraha ke lie hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #151
124 pANDulipi-vijJAna taba unhoMne sUcI se pUrva hI una srotoM kA vivaraNa aura de diyA hai, jinase dAdUpaMthI sAhitya kA patA cala sakatA hai| ___ aba sUcI meM unhoMne pahale bAyIM ora lekhaka yA kavi kA nAma diyA hai, usake sAtha koSThaka meM usakA astitva-kAla diyA hai aura usake sAmane dAMyeM chora para bhaktamAla (rAghavadAsa kRta) kA ullekha usakI una pRSThoM kI saMkhyA sahita kiyA hai, jina para isa kavi kA vivaraNa hai| jina kaviyoM kA ullekha ukta bhaktamAla meM nahIM hai, unake Age yaha saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA / isa nAmadyotaka paMkti ke nIce bhinna TAipa meM 'pustaka' yA pAMDulipi kA nAma, usake Age saMkSepa meM chandoM kI gaNanA aura yadi racanAkAla usameM hai to usakA ullekha / usake nIce saMketAkSaroM meM una saMgrahoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM yaha graMtha milatA hai| koI anya jJAtavya usI ke sAtha koSThaka meM diyA gayA hai / isa sUcI kI rUparekhA kI kucha viziSTa bAteM kevala nirdezanArtha hI dI gayI haiN| pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI aisI sUciyA~ banAte samaya yaha dhyAna meM rakhegA hI ki sUcI adhikAdhika vaijJAnika aura upayogI bne| isI dizA-nirdezana kI dRSTi se yahA~ isa sUcI kA eka uddharaNa denA bhI samIcIna pratIta hotA hai : Jagannathal Bh. M. p. 732-733. Gunagan ja nama (anthology of selections from 162 poets) DM 2, p. 521-536 (1676); 14 b, p. 1-216; 17, p. 329-4.50; 10c; 14 b; NP 2521/1476, p. 1-48; p. 2520/1475, p. 1-20; NAR 3/11; 4 p. 316 ff; 72; 13/83; 23/10 (1761); VB 154/6; KT 500/SD. Mohamad raja ki Katha VB 34, p. 575-79 (1653); DM 2, p. 329-332 (1676); 24, p. 376382; 18. p. 465 ff; 20. p. 401-406; 14, p. 78-84; cp. 2987/4%; 3028/12; 3657/6; 3714/3; KT 148 (1675-1705); 399, p. 5-82; 495; 303; VB 4, p. 483-496; 74 p. 521-526, 8, p. 271-281; NAR 2/3; 19/14; 23/34; 29/21; PV 163; 588; 751; 664; NP 2346/ 1400. p. 56-68 has this word under the name of Jan Gopal. See the note in NPVI, p. 254 on the different names of Jangopal. Dattatrey ke 25 guruo ki lila VB 14. p. 154-162; KT 205%; p. 65-74 (1653), see also Jangopat's work. Dohe--VB 4, pussiny; KT 477; AB 78, p. 148-160. Pada---VB 12. p. 20 (1684); KT, 331, 352, 122, 469; 560, 154, 240, 311. The (complete ?) works of Jagannath are found in DM .., p. 1b59; I, p. 429-557; NAR MG. p. 201-283. NP VI, p. 322. 1. Callewaert, W. M.--Search for Manuscripts of the Dadu-Panthi Literature in Rajasthan, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica (1973-74), p. 160. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #152
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusadhAna/125 Dayaldas (disciple of Jagannath) Nasiket vyakhyan (completed in 1677) VB 4, p. 390-451, NAR 2/2; 3/7; 5/5; DM 9, p. 447-469; 21, p. 329-357; 20, p. 453-481; 14, p. 131-165; 23, p. 362-388; VB 8, p. 331-400%; KT. 486%; SD : NPV I, p. 407. nakalI pAMDulipiyA~ pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko kSetrIya anusaMdhAna meM jisa sabase vikaTa samasyA kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai vaha nakalI graMthoM kI hai| pAMDulipiyoM ke sAtha yaha nakalI pAMDulipiyoM kI samasyA bhI khar3I hotI hai / tulasIdAsa jI para likhe gaye do aise gratha mile the, jinake lekhakoM ne dAvA kiyA thA ki ve gosvAmIjI ke priya ziSya the| eka ne saMvat evaM tithi dekara unake jIvana kI vividha ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| inase koI konA aMdhakAramaya nahIM raha jAyagA / kintu antaraMga parIkSA se vidita huA ki usameM saba kucha kapola-kalpita hai| pUrA kA pUrA grantha kisI kavi ne dUsare ke nAma se raca DAlA thA, ataH nakalI thA, jAlI thaa| aise hI aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| sva0 DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta, bhU0pU0 adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya ne DI0 liTa0 kI eka maukhika parIkSA ke samaya vArANasI ke eka aise vyakti kA nAma batAyA thA jo jAlI hastalikhita pustakeM taiyAra karane meM dakSa thaa| mujhe Aja usakA nAma smaraNa nahIM, kintu aise vyaktiyoM kA honA asambhava nhiiN| jahA~ purAnI aitihAsika vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya ke kendra hote haiM vahA~ aisI jAlasAjI ke lie bahuta kSetra rahatA hai / aneka prakAra ke prayatna kiye jAte haiM aura nakala ko asala batAkara vyavasAyI pUrI ThagAI karate haiN| ___ 19vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM madhya eziyA ke 'khuttana' zahara meM to kisI ne hastalipiyoM ke nirmANa ke lie kArakhAnA hI banA DAlA thaa| DaoN. bhagavatIzaraNa upAdhyAya ne dharmayuga, 8 mArca, 1970 (pRSTha 23 evaM 27) ke aMka meM 'purAtatva meM jAlasAjI' zIrSaka nibandha meM 'pArela sTAina' ke AdhAra para rocaka sUcanA dI hai| unhoMne batAyA hai ki 'khuttana aura kAzagara' se eka bAra jAlI hastalipiyoM kI kharIdapharokhta kA tAMtA baMdhA aura aMgrejI, rUsI tathA aneka yUropIya saMgrahakartAoM ko jAlI hastalipiyA~ paryApta mAtrA meM becI gayIM / yaha itanI dakSatApUrvaka kI gaI jAlasAjI thI ki "vidvAn aura anabhijJa donoM hI samAna rUpa se isa dhokhe ke zikAra hue|" 'Adira pArela sTAina' ne isa jAlasAjI kA pUrI taraha bhaMDAphor3a kiyA / isalAma akhuna nAma ke eka jAlasAja ne to prAcIna pustakoM kI khapata adhika dekha kara eka kArakhAnA hI khola diyA thaa| Arela sTAina mahodaya ke vivaraNa ke AdhAra para DaoN0 bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya ne isa jAlasAja islAma akhuna dvArA jAlasAjI karane kI kathA yoM dI hai : "aba isalAma akhuna dvArA nirmita 'prAcIna pustakoM' kI kathA suniye, apano pahalI 'prAcIna pustaka' isa prakAra banAI huI usane 1895 meM muMzI ahamada dIna ko becii| muMzI ahamada dIna maiM kArnI kI anupasthiti meM kAzagara ke asisTeMTa rejiDeMTa ke daphtara kI sambhAla karane lagA thaa| vaha pustaka hAtha se likhI gaI thI aura koziza isa bAta kI kI gayI thI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #153
126, pANDulipi-vijJAna ki isa kArakhAne meM banI pahalI pustakoM kI taraha ghasITa brAhmI meM likhI asalI hastalipiyoM ke kucha Tukar3e daMdA-uilika meM ibrAhIma ko pahale kabhI mila gaye the aura yaha kAma ina jAlasAjoM ne kucha isa taraha kiyA thA ki yUropa ke acche se acche vizeSajJa taka ko AsAnI se saphalatApUrvaka dhokhA diyA jA sakatA thaa| yaha DaoN0 henrle kI 'madhya eziyAI purAvastuoM kI riporTa' se pramANita hai, jo pahale kI sAmagrI para AdhArita thii| yaha pahale kI sAmagrI' islAma akhuna ke kArakhAne meM banI anya vastuoM ke sAtha aba briTiza myUjiyama laMdana ke hastalipi-vibhAga ke jAlI kAgajAta ke anubhAga meM surakSita hai| isI prakAra kI eka 'prAcIna khattana kI hastalipi' kI anulipi (phaiksi milI) DaoN0 svena heDina kI kRti 'thra eziyA' ke jarbhana saMskaraNa meM surakSita hai jo islAma ibrAhIma Adi kI Adhunika phaikTrI meM prAcIna rUpa meM sampAdita huI / kANagara meM jAlasAjI kA yaha bAjAra garma hone tathA hastalipiyoM kI kImata vagaira mInamekha ke kalpanAtIta milane se anyatra ke jAlasAja bhI vahA~ jA pahu~ce / inameM saraganA laddAkha aura kazmIra kA eka pharebI banaruddIna thaa| usakA kAma to bahuta sApha na thA, para 'prAcIna pustakoM kI saMkhyA kA parimANa sahasA kAphI bar3ha gayA / ki unheM kharIdane vAle yUropiyana una akSaroM ko par3ha yA unakA vAstavika prAcIna lipi se milAna nahIM kara sakate the, ata: jAlasAjoM ne bhI jAlI akSaroM kA mUla se milAna kara apane karataba meM saphAI lAne kI koziza nahIM kii| hAtha se likha kara phareba se hastalipiyA~ banAne kA kAma bar3I mehanata se sampanna hotA thaa| isI se jAlasAjI ke una mAhiroM ne kAma halkA aura AsAna karane ke lie kArakhAnA IjAda kiyaa| aba ve lakar3I ke blaoNkoM se bAra-bAra chApe mAra kara pustakoM kA nirmANa karane lge| isase unake kAma meM bar3I suvidhA ho gyii| ina blaoNkoM ko banAne meM bhI kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI nahIM hotI thI, kyoMki cInI, turkistAna meM lakar3I ke blaoNkoM se chapAI grAma bAta thI / 'prAcIna pustakoM' kI isa prakAra se chapAI 1896 meM zurU huI / nayI sirajI lipi kI bhinnatA ne vidvAnoM kI kalpanA ko jagAyA aura usakI vyAkhyA karane ke lie bar3e parizrama se unhoMne naye phArmUle race / hastalipi 'prAcIna' banAne meM jina upAyoM kA avalambana kiyA jAtA thA, islAma akhuna ne usakA bhI surAga diyaa| 'blAka-priMTa' athavA hastalipi taiyAra karane ke lie kAgaja bhI vizeSa rUpa se taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA aura vizeSa vidhi se use purAnA bhI kara liyA jAtA thA / turkistAna kAgaja ke udyoga kA pradhAna kendra hone ke kAraNa khuttana jAlasAjoM ke lie Adarza sthAna bana gayA thaa| kAraNa ki vahA~ unheM manovAMchita prakAra aura parimANa kA kAgaja bar3I suvidhA se prApta ho sakatA thA / 'togarugA' ke jariye kAgaja pahale pIle yA halke brAuna raMga meM raMga liyA jAtA thaa| togarugA togaraka nAmaka vRkSa se prApta kiyA jAtA thA, jo pAnI meM DAlate hI ghula jAtA thA aura ghulane para dAga chor3ane vAlA drava bana jAtA thA / raMge kAgaja ke tAva para jaba likha yA chApa liyA jAtA taba use dhuMe ke pAsa TAMga diyA jAtA thaa| dhuMe ke sparza se usakA rUpa purAnA ho jAyA karatA thA / aneka bAra isase kAgaja kucha jhulasa bhI jAtA thaa| jaisA ki kalakatte meM surakSita kucha 'prAcIna pustakoM' se pramANita hai| isake bAda unheM patravat bA~dha liyA jAtA thaa| isa jildasAjI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #154
pANDulipi-prApti aura tatsambandhita prayatna : kSetrIya anusaMdhAna/127 se jAlasAjI kA bhaNDAphor3a ho sakatA thaa| kyoMki usameM kucha aise bandhana Adi kA prayoga hotA thA jinase unake aAdhunika yUropIya samparka kA jAhira ho jAnA bhI anivArya thA / yadyapi isakA rAja bhI tabhI khulA jaba islAma akhuna ne apanA kasUra kabUla kara liyA aura hakIkata batA dii| hastalipi athavA pustaka taiyAra ho jAne para usake pannoM meM reta jhAr3a dete the jisase unake registAnI reta meM dIrghakAla taka dabe rahane kA AbhAsa paidA ho jAya / 1898 ke basaMta meM pArela sTAina likhate haiM, "jAlI blAka-priMTa jA~cane ke pahale mujhe kapar3e ke braza kA istemAla karanA par3A thaa| yaha hastalipi kazmIra ke eka saMgrahakartA ke jariye mujhe kazmIra meM hI milI thii|" yahIM hama zrI pUrNendu basu kI pustaka 'Archives and Records : What are they ?" nAmaka pustaka se bhI kucha uddhRta karanA caaheNge| basu mahodaya ne tIsare (III) adhyAya meM lekhoM ke zatru (Enemies of Records) meM rikArDoM ke pramukha zatru kI gaNanA dI hai ki "The are generally speaking time, fire, water, light, heat, dust, humidity, atmospheric gases, fungi, vermin", 'acts of God' and, last but not least, human beings" lekhoM-abhilekhoM ke zatruoM meM unhoMne kAla, agni, jala, prakAza, garmI, dhUpa, prArdratA, vAtAvaraNika gaiseM, phaphUMda (fungi) tathA kIr3e-makor3oM ke sAtha-sAtha manuSyoM ko bhI pramukha zatru batAyA hai| anya zatruoM para carcA karane ke uparAMta 'manuSya ke sambandha meM likhA hai "Human beings can be as much responsible for the destruction of records as the elements or insects. I am not only referring to mishandling or careless handling the effects of which are obvious. There are cases of bad appraisal. It is evident that every scrap of paper produced or received in an office cannot be kept for ever-they are not sufficiently valuable to merit expenditure of money or energy for their preservation, by being retained they only occupy valuable space and obscure the more valuable materials. So at some stage a selection has to be made of the records that can be destroyed without doing any harm to either administration or scholarship. Bad appraisal has often led to the valuable record being thrown away and the valueless Kept. Then there are people who may use the information contained in records to the determent of government or of individuals. Again there are others who may wishi to temper with the records in order to destroy or distort evidence. There are some who are cither collectors of autographs and seals or are mere kleptomaniacs, and it is a problem to guard the record against them." isameM hastalekhoM ke mAnavIya zatrutA ke kAranAmoM kA ullekha hai| yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 1. ve hastalekhoM kA ThIka DhaMga se upayoga nahIM karate, 2. ve granthoM-lekhoM ke upayoga meM 1. dharmayuga (8 mArca, 1970), pR. 23 evam 271 2. Basu, Purendu-Archives and Records : What are they ?, p. 33. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #155
128/pANDulipi-vijJAna pramAda karate haiM, 3. ve mahattva ko ThIka nahIM AMka (appriase) pAte, phalataH abhilekhAgAroM meM se kabhI-kabhI mahattvapUrNa kAgaja-patra naSTa karavA diye gae, raddI hastalekhoM ko surakSita rakhA gyaa| isase sarakAra ko aura vyakti ko bhI hAni uThAnI par3I hai, 4. svArthiyoM ne sAkSI ko naSTa karane yA bigAr3a dene ke lie hastalekhoM meM jAlasAjI kI, 5. kucha hastAkSaroM (autograph) aura mudrAoM (scal)/muharoM ke saGkalanakartA abhilekhoM meM se unheM kATa lete haiM, kucha ko yoM hI kataranoM kA zauka hotA hai| ye sabhI kAma abhilekhoM ke prati zatratA ke kAma haiN| _ lekhoM-abhilekhoM meM heraphera karanA bhI jAlasAjI hai| yaha jAlasAjI bahuta ghAtaka hai| aisI hI eka jAlasAjI kI bAta rAjataraMgiraNI ke lekhaka dvitIya (tRtIya) jona rAja ne batAI hai, jisakA hama pahale ullekha kara cuke haiN| isameM svayaM jona rAja ke sAtha usa vyakti ne bhojapatra para likhe bhUmi ke bikrInAmA meM jAlasAjI karake sArI bhUmi har3apa lenI cAhI thii| para pahale bikrInAmA pakkI syAhI se likhA gayA thA bAda meM jAlasAja ne kaccI syAhI se jAla kiyA thA / phalataH pAnI meM bhojapatra ke DAla dene para kaccI syAhI cala gayI aura jAla siddha ho gyaa| mahAkavi bhAsa ke bahuta-se grantha kucha varSa pUrva mile the| eka vidvAn ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA thA ki ve jAlI haiN| briTiza myUjiyama meM aisI jAlI vastuoM kA alaga hI eka kakSa banA diyA gayA hai| ataH pAMDulipi-vijJAnavid ko pustaka kI Antarika aura bAhya parIkSA dvArA yaha Azvasta ho lenA Avazyaka hai ki koI pAMDulipi jAlI to nahIM hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #156
adhyAya pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra prakAra-bheda : anivArya 'pAMDulipi' kA artha bahuta vistRta ho gayA hai, yaha hama pahale ke adhyAyoM meM dekha cuke haiM / vastutaH vistRta artha hone kA abhiprAya hI yaha hai ki usake antargata kitane hI prakAroM kA samAveza ho gayA hai| pAMDulipi meM vividha prakAra ke lipyAsanoM para likhI kRtiyA~ bhI AyeMgI, sAtha hI ve grantha-rUpa meM bhI ho sakatI haiM aura rAjyAdezoM ke rUpa meM bhI, ciThThI-patrI ke rUpa meM bhI, aura bhI kitane hI prakAra ke kRtitva "pAMDulipi' meM samAvezita haiM / ataH 'pAMDulipi-vijJAna' ke kSetra ke samyak jJAna ke lie usake sabhI prakAroM aura prakAra-bhedoM ke AdhAroM se kucha paricita honA anivArya ho jAtA hai| yaha prakAra-bheda 'pAMDulipi' ke abhiprAya-kSetra ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| ina prakAroM ko eka dRSTi meM nimnastha vRkSa se samajhA jA sakatA hai : pAMDulipi rAjakIya laukika* anya rAjyAdeza yA zAsana ciTThI-patrI kAryAlayIya natthiyA~ grantha (ye rASTrIya ArkAibja (ye Adhunika yuga meM meM surakSita rakhe jAte mahattvapUrNa ho gayI haiM / zilAlekhAdi ke rUpa meM prAryAlaoNjI ke antargata pAte haiM) rAjakIya laukika yA gaira-rAjakIya saMsthAoM kii| ukta vRkSa meM hamane rAjakIya kSetra meM bhI grantha ko eka prakAra mAnA hai, aura laukika meM bhI / rAjakIya kSetra meM bhI grantha-racanA hotI thI, isameM sandeha nhiiN| svayaM rAjAoM ne grantha racanA kI hai| kintu isa varga meM aise hI grantha rakhane hoMge jinakA abhiprAya rAjakIya ho / rAjA kI vijaya yA usakI prazasti viSayaka grantha rAjakIya yojanAoM para graMtha Adi / lipyAsana kI dRSTi se bhI pAMDulipiyoM ke bheda hote haiM / lekhoM ko prAsana kI prakRti ke anusAra lekhanI/kalama se, TAMkI se, koraka se, sAMce se, chenI se, yaMtra se likhA jAtA hai| * smRti candrikA meM uddhata vaziSThokti ki 'laukika rAjakIyaM ca lekhya vidyAdU dvilakSaNaM (vyavahAra 1.14) / ' isI vaziSThokti ke AdhAra para hamane bhI yahA~ 'rAjakIya' aura 'laukika' do bheda svIkAra kiye haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #157
isa AdhAra se lipyAsana ke do prakAra ho jAte haiM : inheM 'komala' tathA 'kaThora' kahA jAtA hai / komala para likhA jAtA hai, kaThora para / utkIrNa kiyA jAtA hai| pAMDulipi (lipyAsana kI dRSTi se prakAra) Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lekhana nimitta : komala lipyAsana vAlI 130, pANDulipi-vijJAna utkIgata nimitta : kaThora lipyAsana vAlI pASAgIya mRNyama sIpa-dAMtikI tAmrapatrIya svarNa-patrIya rajata-patrIya anya dhAtuoM kI nAipatrIya bhojapatrIya agarupatrIya yA paTIya carmapatrIya kAgajIya kASThIya (bhUrja kA eka paryAya- samucIpAta / ya (vastra-nirmita) carmapatrIya-grantha bhArata kAgajIya-pAMDu vAcI zabda lekhana bhI graMtha AsAma meM saMskRta meM kApASika meM kama / jaisalamera ke lipiyoM para lekhanI likhita uttara zalAkA-korita hai) graMthoM ke atirikta mile / 15vIM ptt| 1351-52 I. eka pustakAlaya meM eka Age vistAra meM / bhagavAna buddha ke dakSiNa meM bhojapatra para ciTThiyA~ zatI kA sundara kI eka prati zrIprabha- korA carma-patra milA se varNana hai| upadeza unakI mRtyu ke 15vIM zatI se vizeSataH likhI kAMDa perisa meM sUri kI 'dharmavidhi' thaa| rUsa meM pITarsabarga turanta bAda tADa-patroM pUrva ke hI jAtI thIM / abhI surakSita hai| kI udayasiMha kI ke saMgrahAlaya meM kAzapara likhe gaye / prAcIna milate haiN| taka prApta prAcInatama TIkA sahita kapar3e gara se prApta kucha carma tADapatrIya graMtha bhArata bhojapatrIya grantha ke 13 pannoM meM pratyeka patra haiM jina para bhArase bAhara eziyA meM kharoSThI lipi meM, pAnA 13X5", tIya lipi meM likhA turaphAna Adi meM mile| prAkRta bhASA meM jana pustakAlaya huA hai| horIyujI (jApAna) meM dhammapada haiM jo 2rI anhilavAr3A meM surauSNIya vijaya dhAraNI 3rI zatI meM prati kSita hai| rezamI pATa 7vIM zatI I. meM bhArata lipita haiM aura bhI kAma meM prAmA meM lipibaddha huI / nepAla khotAna meM milI haiN| thaa| meM tAr3apatrIya skaMda purANa 7vIM zatI kA pratilipita mAnA jAtA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

Page #158
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/131 pASANIya-zilAlekha Iya mUrtIya caTTAnIya zilApaTTIya stambhIya mUrtIya anya SINHbar Kare SEXASA Anadia VAISH Sess PERTS K PROR caTTAnIya zilAlekha kA citra tathA zilApaTTIya (tripurAMtakam kA) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #159
132/pANDulipi-vijJAna caTTAnIya _ 'unnata zikhara purANa' digambara-jaina-sampradAya kI kRti hai| 1170 I0 kI yaha kRti udayapura kSetra ke bhIlavAr3A jile meM bijauliyA~ gA~va kI caTTAna para khudI huI hai| RBAR METANA FMRAVAT SPORN ML SCENE MONE KHAVA ka SAPNP Sh SHNA NAMA IA ba For WR da . ...-:. -: HHATIALAMPIAtor.TA. LONTACANDINNAVRAN LalutvAAN-KNAM 18 A BRAI" : MAN TOON MAN Songs WINKINAR hiANTERE A prat KATREENA sa haratUNE ol.com PARIANHATAA.MATERIATE hHOP-INHIMRANAaar KAMARIU-1TinyLANEL MyTARAar INE Tal MAAMIR APAN 11NKAAJINNI THENT,MANIK LATLAWAVAN-IDE MainA Satyvianta ANCHORSHAN KAPOTaste NNN LttpL PAAMAAlwyhartAINIKI NHAITHLKATAMMAHA AMAJMastehitiewITHI CREEN VertuMAITHILDHANMANS - FINANANTHAN LEVELORAMIDNI NA rauseTA kA zilAlekha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #160
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/133 zilApaTTIya sAmAnya zilAlekha eka zilA-paTTa para likhe jAte the aura ucita sthAna para jar3a die jAte the / para bar3I-bar3I prazastiyA~ aura grantha bhI zilApaTToM para likhe aura jar3e milate haiN| rANA kumbhA kA lekha pA~ca zilA-paTToM para likhA (khodA) huyA kumbhalagar3ha ke kuMbhi svAmin yA mAmAdeva ke mandira meM jar3A milA hai| mevAr3a meM rAjasamudra jalAzaya ke puztoM para 24 POINE y CESAR AS E HA NEENA puSpagiri zilAlekha zilApaTToM para jar3I huI hai 'rAjaprazasti', isake 24 khaMDa haiN| isake racayitA haiM kavi raNa chodd'| yaha prazasti rANA rAjasiMha ke sambandha meM hai| rAjA bhoja paramAra kA prAkRta bhASA kA kAvya 'kUrmazataka', madana kI saMskRta kRti 'pArijAtamaMjarI' (yA vijayazrI nATaka), cAhmANa rAjA vigraharAja caturtha (1153-64 I.) kA 'hara keli nATaka' tathA unake rAjakavi somezvara kRta 'lalita-vigraharAja nATaka' zilA-paTToM para khudavAkara dIvAroM meM jar3avAye gae the / inake aMza ajamera saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #161
134/pANDulipi-vijJAna stambhIya stambhoM para lekha utkIraNaM karane kI purAnI paramparA hai / sambhavataH prAcInatama stambha lekha azoka (272-232 I. pU.) kAlIna haiM / ina para khude lekhoM meM inheM zilA-stambha kahA : gayA hai / ye stambha nimna prakAra ke milate hai : kAlakuDa kA vIrastambha (pAliyA) stambha 1. zilAstambha 2. dhvajastambha 3. jayastambha 4. kIrtistambha (jaise-holiyo-Dorasa kA kisI vijaya para kisI kisI yazasvI ke garur3adhvaja) mandira ke sAmane vijetA rAjA kI prazasti puNya kArya ke khar3e kiye jAte haiM aura ke lie (jaise samudragupta lie khar3A kiyA ina para lekha bhI rahatA kA eraNa kA aura yazo- jAtA hai ... dharmana kA mandasaura kA) (kramazaH) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #162
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/135 stambha 5. vIra stambha 6. satI stambha 7. dharma stambha (gujarAtI meM jinheM 'pAliyA~' ye satI hone vAlI nArI (voTiva pilarsa) ye dharma-sthaloM kahate haiM) gA~va yA nagara ke kA smAraka hotA hai| ina para, vizeSataH bauddha dharma ke kisI vIra kI yuddha meM mRtyu para bhI lena milate haiN| sthaloM para ma-lekha milate haiN| hone pr| ina para lekha bhI rahate haiN| aNPREET maa - PRANS devagiri kA satIstambha (pAliyA) mahAkuTa kA dharmastambha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #163
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 136 pANDulipi - vijJAna 8. smRti stambha ye gotra yA gotra zAlikA www.kobatirth.org stambha grantha abhilekha IMToM para abhilekha to ana IMToM para grantha bhI likhe gae / gilagemaza kI gAthA IMToM para likhI milI, isakA ullekha ginatI hama anyatra kara cuke mile haiN| haiM / bhArata meM kucha bauddha graMtha IMToM para ubhAre gae mile haiM / kucha rAjAoM ne zvamegha yuddha kie, jaise-dAmamitra evaM zIlavarman ne / inake azvamegha sambandhI abhilekha IMToM para likhe mile haiM / I 9. chAyA-stambha ina smRti stambhoM para smRta vyakti kI mUrti ukerI rahatI hai / bhI kahe jAte haiM / apane kuTumba ke kisI vyakti kI smRti meM khar3e kie jAte haiM / 9. mRNmaya - mRNmaya lekha kaI rUpoM meM milate haiM, tathA---- 1. IMTa pakAyI huI evaM kaccI 2. dhoMdhe IMTa kI sAmagrI, donoM prakAra kI prabhUta mAtrA meM milI hai - pakAyI huI IMToM para bhI aura binA pakAyI (kaccI) IMToM para bhI 1 kabhI-kabhI miTTI kI IMTeM na banAkara usake dhoMdhe (miTTI ko sAnakara eka Dhera kA AkAra dekara TIma ke rUpa meM) usa para lekha aMkita kara use pakA liyA jAtA thA / dhArmika manI tiyoM ke lie vizeSataH aise dhoMdhoM para lekha likhe gaye / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 10. yUpa stambha ( yajJoparAnta bali ko bA~dhane ke lie banAye 3. muhara - mudrA ye mRSmudrAe~ bhI bahuta saMkhyA meM milI haiN| mohanajodar3o evaM nAlaMdA se milI For Private and Personal Use Only gae stambha) ina para bhI lekha mile haiM / mudrAe~ prasiddha haiM / 4. ghaTa ghar3oM yA unake Dhakkana para bhI lekha utkIrNa hue mile haiM /

Page #164
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/137 nAlandA kI mRNmaya muhara MENT NURSEthe mohanajodar3oM se prApta muhara PRES - - 10. sIpa, zaMkha, dAMta, kASTha prAdi-zaMkhoM para, hAthIdAMta kI banI mudrAoM para, lakar3I kI lAToM yA stambhoM para bhI aMkita lekha mile haiM / dhAtu-vastu--dhAtuoM meM tA~bA sabase adhika priya rahA hai| isake bane patroM para utkIrNa lekha paryApta mAtrA meM milate haiM aura prAcIna samaya se milate haiN| koI zAsana tAmrapatra ke eka ora, koI donoM ora likhA hotA thA / koI zAsana kaI tAmrapatroM para likhA jAtA thaa| ina patroM ko tAMbe ke kar3e meM pirokara eka ghaTa yA kisI pAtra meM banda karake surakSita rakhA jAtA thA / tAmrapatroM para kaI prakAra ke lekha milate haiM : tAmra vastu patra rUpa mUrti | prazasti anya tAmra vastue~, yathA-camace para (takSazilA), dIpaka yantra para (dIpaka : jamAlagar3ha meM) kar3hAhI para, Adi / zAsana hanasAMga ne batAyA hai ki kaniSka ne bauddha-dharma-graMtha tAmrapatroM para aMkita kraaye| eka anuzruti hai ki sAyaNa kI vedoM kI TIkA tAmrapatroM para aMkita karAyI gayI thii| telugu meM racita 'tAllapA kamavarI' kaI tAmrapatroM para khacita tirupatI meM surakSita haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #165
138/pANDulipi-vijJAna svarga (ga) svarNa kI anya vastue jina para lekha mile haiM / (ka) sone ke pattara para (kha) svarNamaMDita tAr3a-patra 'svarNamaMDita tAr3apatra para | | aMkita kucha pAMDulipiyA~ 1. graMtha 2. bauddha 3. maMtra 4. patra briTiza myUjiyama meM eka graMtha dhAraNI batAyI jAtI haiM / ) 24 svarNa- (ye pattara / patroM kA bhArata se rAja- vyApArika DhAkA ke bAhara patra patra dhAmadaha mile) tAla se milA thaa| 1. pyAle-kaTore 3. laTakana 4. devatA kI pAlakI rajata 1. graMtha .. abhilekha 3. pyAle-kaTore 4. taztariyA~ 5. eka gola 6. eka (briTiza myUjiyama (i) bhaTTiprolu evaM tikSazilA) (takSazilA) rakAbI calanI meM cA~dI se maMDita takSazilA ke rajata (takSazilA) (takSatAr3apatroM para abhilekha haiN| zilA) khacita kaI grantha (ii) eka takSazilA kA 79 I. kA abhilekha cAMdI ke patale pattara para kuNDalI (Scroll) rUpa hai : 61" x 18" isI taraha kAMsya pIThikA (mUrtikI), kAMsya piTaka, kAMsya phalaka, kAMsya mudrAe~ bhI milI haiM, jina para lekha aMkita haiM / lauha tupaka, lauha stambha (dillI), lauha trizUla (acalezvara mandira, pAbU) para bhI lekha mile haiN| pItala ke bahuta-se ghaNToM para, jo mandiroM meM TaMgeM haiM, lekha haiM / saMkSepa meM, lipyAsana ke AdhAra se uparyukta bhedoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA hai| inake vistRta vivaraNa yahA~ diye jAte haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #166
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra 139 pAMDulipiyoM ke prakAra : lipyAsana bheda se-lipyAsana kitane hI prakAra ke milate haiM / vRkSoM kI chAla, vRkSoM ke patte, dhAtuoM ke pattara, camar3e, kAgaja, kapar3A Adi para grantha likhe gaye haiM / jina vastuoM ko grantha-lekhana ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAtA thA, yA lAyA jA sakatA hai unheM 'lipyAsana' (lipi +-pAsana) kahA jA sakatA hai / tAr3apatra, kapar3A, vAgA Adi sabhI lipyAsana hai : lipi ke grAsana / lipi-Asana ke bheda se pustaka ke prakAra sthApita kiye jA sakate haiM / kyoMki grantha kA prathama bheda lipyAsana ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise tADapatrIya grantha, bhojapatrIya grantha Adi / ye grantha prastara-zilAoM para bhI likhe jAte the| ye vastutaH grantha hI the. abhilekha-mAtra nahIM / isameM sandeha nahIM ki jilAoM para abhilekha to bahuta-se mile hai / para cAhe bahuta hI kama saMkhyA meM hoM, grantha 'bho gilAoM para khude mila haiN| pASAgIya : prastara zilAnoM para grantha . hama samajhate haiM ki patthara ko lekhana-AdhAra ke rUpa meM itihAsa ke prastara-mAla se hI prayoga meM lAyA jAtA rahA hai| manuSya ne jaba sarvaprathama apane bhAvoMgo iMgita ke atirikta anya prakAra se vyakta karane kA upAya nikAlA hogA, patthara se patthara para cihna banA kara hI kiyA hogA / mUla rUpa meM yaha pravRtti ava bhI manuSyoM meM pAI jaanii| binA par3he majadUra Adi apanA hisAba jamIna para yA patthara ke Tukar3oM para patthara ke hI DhoMke se Ar3I-sIdhI lakIreM khIMcakara lagA lete haiN| ataH patthara-lekhana kA Adya AdhAra ho sakatA hai| bAda meM to patthara kI zilAoM ko cikanI banAkara, stambhAkAra banAkara, tathA u hAziyA ubhAra pAra sundara akSaroM ko utkIrNa karane kI kalA vikasita huI hai| prastara zilAnoM para kisI ghaTanA kI smRti, rAjAjJA, prazasti Adi to unheM cirasthAyI banAne ke prAzaya se khode hI jAte the parantu katipaya kAvya evaM anya racanAeM bhI zilotkIrNa rUpa meM pAI gaI haiN| koI-koI prazasti bhI itanI vistRta aura bar3I hotI hai ki use vidvAnoM ne aitihAsika kAvya kI hI saMjJA dI hai| hanumannATaka, (jisako mahAnATaka bhI kahate haiM) ke TIkAkAra balabhadra ne likhA hai ki isakI racanA vAyuputra hanumAna ne kI aura maharSi vAlmIki ko dikhaaii| vAlmIki ne kahA ki unhoMne to isa kathA ko rAmAvatAra se pUrva hI kavitAbaddha kara diyA thaa| taba hanumAna ne jina zilAoM para apanI racanA aMkita kI thI unako samudra-tala meM rakha diyA / bAda meM dhArA ke rAjA bhoja ko jaba isakA patA calA to usane kucha gotAkhoroM ko una zilAnoM ko nikAlane ke lie niyukta kiyA parantu ve itanI bhArI thIM ki unako Upara lAnA zakya nahIM huaa| taba yaha upAya kAma meM lAyA gayA ki gotAkhoroM ke sIne para madhumakkhiyoM kA mala (arthAt zahad nikAlane ke bAda bacA huA moma) lepa diyA gayA / ve sAgaratala meM jAkara nirdezAnusAra una zilAoM kA AliMgana krte| isa prakAra zilAnoM para likhita aMza kI chApa una para ubhara aatii| buddhimAna rAjA bhoja dvArA isa krama se uddhAra kiye jAne para kAzInAtha mizra ne isa nATaka ko granthita kiyA / umI ke putra balabhadra ne isakI TIkA bnaayii| racitamanulaputreNAtha vAlmIkinAbyo nihitamamRta buddhayA prAGa mahAnATaka yata / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #167
140/pANDulipi-vijJAna sumati nRpati bhojenoddhRtaM tatkrameNa grathitabhavatu vizvaM mizrakAzIzvareNa / / isase patA calatA hai ki racanAoM ko prastara-zilAoM para aMkita karAne kI prathA bahuta purAnI hai / bhojarAja se pUrva mahAnATaka kI racanA ho cukI thI ataH isakA zilAMkana IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM huA hogA / sambhava hai, isase bhI pUrva huA ho / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadyapi ina zilAoM ko pratyakSa to nahIM dekhA jA sakA parantu yaha to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki kisI bar3I racanA ke zilotkIrNa hone kI yahI sabase purAnI sUcanA hai| rAjasthAna meM mevAr3a pradeza ke bijoliyAM grAma ke pAsa eka jaina mandira hai, usake nikaTa hI eka caTTAna para 'unnata-zikhara purANa' khudA huA hai| yaha pokhAr3a seTha lolArka dvArA saMvat 1226 meM khudavAyA gayA thA / isa caTTAna ke pAsa hI eka dUsarI caTTAna para ukta mandira se hI sambaddha eka aura lekha khudA huA hai jisameM cAhamAna se lekara pRthvIrAja ke pitA somezvara taka pUrI vaMzAvalI utkIrNa hai aura sAtha hI lolArka seTha ke vaMza kA varNana bhI diyA huA hai| ____ isI prakAra ajamera ke prasiddha ar3hAI dina ke jhoMpar3e se kucha zilAe~ prApta kI gaI thIM jo aba ajamera ke saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI huI haiN| yaha 'ar3hAI dina kA jhoMpar3A' nAmaka imArata pahale bIsaladeva cauhAna (vigraharAja) dvArA saMsthApita pAThazAlA thii| isameM usI rAjA ke dvArA racita 'harakeli' nAmaka nATaka zilotkIrNa karake surakSita kiyA gayA thA jisakI do zilAeM ukta myUjiyama meM vidyamAna haiN| somezvara kavi racita 'lalita vigraharAja nATaka' kI do zilAe~ tathA cauhAnoM se sambandhita eka aura kAvya kI eka zilA bhI usI saMgrahAlaya meM maujUda haiN| rAjasthAna meM hI mevAr3a ke mahArANA kumbhakarNa kI racanAe~ bhI zilAoM para khudavAI gayI thIM jinakA namUnA udayapura ke myUjiyama meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| bAda meM mahArANA rAjasiMha (prathama) ne bhI raNachor3a bhaTTa racita 'rAja-prazasti' nAmaka kAvya 24 zilAnoM para khudavAkara rAjasamaMda sarovara para lagA kara cirasthAyI bnaayaa| dhArAdhIzvara suprasiddha vidvAn rAjA bhoja ne bhI apane nagara meM 'sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa' nAmaka pAThazAlA sthApita kI thii| yaha sthAna prAjakala 'kamalamaulA' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ukta pAThazAlA meM rAjA bhoja ne svaracita 'kUrmazataka (prAkRta) kAvya' aura rAjakavi madana viracita 'pArijAtamaMjarI' nAmaka nATikA ko zilAMkita karavAyA thaa| gvAliyara ke padbhanAtha devAlaya (sAsa bahU kA mandira) meM kachavAhA vaMza kA eka prazasti zataka zilotkhacita hai jo eka uttama kAvya kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| isa zataka meM kacchapaghAtavaMzatilaka lakSmaNa tatputra gopagiri (gvAliyara) durgAdhIzvara vajradAmA meM lekara padmapAla nAmaka rAjA taka kA varNana hai| isa rAjA ne isa mandira kA nirmANa karAkara brAhmaNoM ko puSkala dAna diyA thaa| zataka kA kavi maNikaNTha thA jo bhAradvAja gotrIya rAmakavIndra kA pautra aura govinda kavi kA putra thA / saMvat 1150 vi. meM maNikaMTha sUri kI isa racanA ke vargoM ko yazodeva digambarArka ne likhA / isakI racanA ke saMbat 1149 kA nimna zloka meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai :. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #168
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/141 ekAdazasvatIteSu saMvatsara zateSu ca / ekonapaMcAzati ca gateSvadeSu vikramAt / / 10701 dhAtu-patroM para grantha 'vAsudeva hiMDi' meM prathama khaNDa meM tAmrapatroM para pustaka likhavAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai : "iyareNa taMbapattesu taNubhesu rAyala kkhavaNaM raeUraNaM nihAlAraseNaM timmeUraNa taMbabhAyaNe potthAo pAkkhito, nikkhito, nayarabAhiM duvAveDhamajhe / " patra 189 anya dhAtuoM, jaise raupya, suvarNa, kAMsya Adi ke patroM para likhI gayI pustakoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| hA~, vividha yantra-mantra, vividha uddezyoM kI pUrti nimitta aise dhAtupatroM para avazya likhe jAte the / paMca dhAtu ke mizraNa se bane patroM para bhI ye likhe jAte the, isI prakAra 'aSTadhAtu ke mizraNa se bane patroM para bhI yantra-mantra likhe jAte the, para inheM 'pustaka' yA grantha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| mRNmaya ITa aura miTTI (Clay) ke pAtroM para lekha iMToM aura miTTI ke baratanoM para bhI lekha likhavAye jAte the| isake pramANa IsA se pUrva ke milate haiM / mohanajodar3o aura har3appA ke utkhananoM meM bhI aisI IMTeM aura mRNmaya-pAtra pAye gae haiM jina para lekha khude hue haiN| miTTI ke DheloM (yA dhoMdhoM) para muhareM lagI huI haiN| miTTI para muhara aMkita karane kA rivAja to abhI 20-25 varSa pahale taka (san 1950 taka) rAjasthAna ke gA~voM meM cAlU thA / jina gA~voM meM rAjasva, utpanna hue anna kA bA~TA yA hissA lekara vasUla kiyA jAtA thA vahA~ para kisAna ke kheta meM paidA hue anAja kI rAzi ke kinAroM para aura bIca meM bhI miTTI ko golI karake usake Dhele yA dhoMdhe banAkara rakha die jAte the aura una para lakar3I meM khudI huI mudrA kA ThappA lagA diyA jAtA thaa| ise 'cA~ka' kahate the / lakar3I ke Thappe meM prAyaH 'zrIrAmajI', ye cAra akSara cAra khAnoM meM ___ ulaTe khude hote the jo miTTI ke dhoMdhe kI parata para sulaTe rUpa meM ubhara kara HTRA Ate the / isa cA~ka ko lagAne vAloM ke atirikta koI anya nahIM tor3atA tAsa thaa| ise 'kaccI cA~ka' kahate the / yaha prAyaH aAja lagAkara kala tor3a lo jAtI thI kyoMki anAja ghar3oM meM bhara-bhara kara bA~TA jAtA thA aura pUre gA~va 1. anya sUcanA : ki citvaM yanmahIpAlo bhunaktismAkhilAM mahIm / / yasya gIrvANamantrIva maMtrI gauro'bhavat sudhIH / / / 10 / / prazasti riyamatkIrNA pavargApadamazilpinA devasvAmisutena zrIpayanAtha sRrAlaye // 11 // tathaiva siMhavAjena mAilena cshilpinaa| prApnuvantu samutkIrNAnyakSarANiyapArthatAm / / 12 / / bhAratIya jana zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR.27 / vahI, pR. 271 3. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #169
142/pANDulipi-vijJAna kA bA~TA ekatrita hone para taula liyA jAtA thaa| yadi eka-do dina bAda meM taulane kA kAryakrama hotA to pakkI cA~ka lagAI jAtI thii| pakkI cA~ka lagAne ke lie gIlI miTTI meM gobara milA diyA jAtA thA aura usa bhIle mizraNa ko anna kI rAzi ke ghere para chir3aka kara usa para vA~ka kA ThappA lagAyA jAtA thaa| __ sambhavataH miTTI para lekha aMkita karane kA yaha prArambhika tarIkA thaa| bAda meM kaccI IToM para lekha kora kara unheM pakAyA jAne lagA / lambA lekha kaI IMToM para aMkita karake pakAyA jAtA aura phira unako kramAt dIvAra para lagA diyA jAtA thA / yaha prathA bauddhakAla meM bahuta pracalita rahI hai| unake dhArmika sUtra Adi iMToM para khude hue mile haiM / mathurA ke saMgrahAlaya meM aise namUne dekhe jA sakate haiN| kucha rAjAoM ne azvamegha yajJa kie / inake vivaraNa iMToM para aMkita karAye ge| devI mitra, dAmabhitra evaM zIla barmana ke azvamegha yajJoM ke ullekha ke IMToM ke abhilekha mile haiM / ye abhilekha IMToM para aMkita karAne ke bAda azvamegha ke catvaroM meM lagA die jAte the / mRNmaya muthAe~ (Seal) bahuta milI haiN| nAlaMdA meM mRNmaya ghaTa (dhar3e) vizeSataH mile haiM / ina para ne va aMkita haiM / inakA sambandha bhI kisI dhArmika kRtya se rahA hai / lipi vikAsa kA adhyayana karate hue yaha vidita hotA hai ki mesopoTAmiyA meM uruka yA varkA meM 'uruka yuga' meM IMToM para pustakeM likhI milI haiN| eka hajAra IMTe, kyUnIphArma yA sUcyAkAra lipi meM likhI milI haiN| pepArasa ... IsA se koI pA~ca zatAbdI pUrva grIka (yUnAnI) logoM ne misra se pepAyarasa' nAmaka 1. ( bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 151 / 2. bauddha dharma ke IToM para likhe gae granthoM ke vivaraNa ke lie dekheM-niMghama, ASR, Vol. I, p.47, Vol. II, pR0 124 Adi / 3. Dirijara rahodaya ke ye zabda isa sambandha meM dhyAtavya haiM "The earliest extant written cuniform documents, consisting of over one thousand tablets and fragments, discovered mainly at Uruk or Warka, the Biblical Ereeh, and belonging to the 'Uruk period of the Mesopotamian predynastic period, are couched in a crude pictographic script and probably sumerian language". -(Diringer, D. -The Alphabet, p. 41.) 'pepAyarasa' eka bara yA sarakaNDe kI jAti kA paudhA hotA hai jo daladalI pradeza meM bahutAyata se paMdA hotA hai / misra meM nIla nadI ke kinAre va muhAne para isakI khetI bahuta prAcIna kAla se hotI thii| yaha paudhA prAya: 5-6 phITa UMcA hotA hai aura isake DaNThala sAr3he cAra se nau-sAr3he nau iJca lambe hote haiN| isakI chAla se patalI cittiyAM nikAla kara leI Adi se cipakA lete the usI se likhane ke lie patna banAte the| pahale ina patroM ko dabAkara rakhA jAtA thA phira acchI taraha sukhAyA jAtA thaa| sUkha jAne para hAthI-dA~ta yA zaMkha se ghoMTakara unheM cikanA banAyA jAtA thA. phira vividha AkAroM meM kATa kara likhane ke kAma meM liyA jAtA thaa| isa taraha taiyAra kiye hue lekhAdhAra lipyAsana ko yoropa vAle 'pAyarasa' kahate the aura isI se pepara zabda banA hai| pepAyarasa ke lambe-lambe likhe hae kharar3e misa kI kabroM meM bar3e-bar3e sandUkoM meM rakhI lAzoM ke hAthoM meM yA unake zarIroM se lipaTe hue milate haiN| jo lagabhaga IsA se 2000 varSa taka purAne haiM / inake naSTa na hone kA kAraNa misa kI garama aura sUkhI jalabAyu hai / -bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #170
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/143 sarakaMDe kI chAla apane yahA~ ma~gAnA zurU kiyA thA aura usI ko likhane ke Asana ke kAma meM lete the| phira dhIre-dhIre yoropa meM isakA vyavasAya phailane lagA aura araboM ke zAsanakAla meM to iTalI Adi dezoM meM pepAyarasa kI khetI bhI hone lagI aura unase chAla nikAla kara likhane kI sAmagrI banAyI jAne lgii| 704 I0 meM araboM ne samarakaMda ko jIta liyA aura vahA~ para hI sarvaprathama unhoMne ruI aura cithar3oM se kAgaja taiyAra karane kI kalA sIkhI / isake bAda damizka (Damuscus) meM bhI kAgaja banane lgaa| IsA kI navIM zatAbdI meM sabase pahale kAgaja para aravI meM grantha likhe gae aura araboM dvArA bArahavIM zatAbdI ke aAsapAsa yoropa meM kAgaja kA praveza huA aura pepAyarasa kA pracalana banda ho gyaa| camaDa para lekha devI purANa meM pustaka dAna kA ullekha hai| usameM tAr3apatra para pustaka likhavAkara ume carma se sampuTita karane kA vidhAna hai-- zrI tAr3apatra ke saJce same patrasusaJcite / vicitra kAJcikApAveM carmaNA sampuTIkRte / / isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhArata meM pustaka-lekhana ke krama meM carma kA bhI upayoga hotA thA parantu bahuta kama kyoMki yahA~ tAr3apatra aura bhUrjapatra paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hote the / vaise brAhmaNoM aura jainoM meM carma kA sparza vajita bhI mAnA gayA hai / bauddha granthoM meM avazya hI camar3e ko bhI lekhana-sAmagrI meM ginAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kavi samrATa kAlIdAsa ne himAlaya ke varNana meM (kra saM.) kinnara sundariyoM dvArA bhUrjatvaca para dhAturasa (geru) se likhe gae premapatroM kI upamA bindu-maNDita hAthI kI sUDa se dI hai usI prakAra subandhukRta 'vAsavadattA' nAma kI AkhyAyikA meM bhI rAtri meM kAle AkAza meM chiTake hue cA~da-tAroM kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prAkAza a~dhere rUpI kAle raMga (maSI) se raMge hue carmapatra ke samAna hai jima para vidhAtA vizva kA hisAba lagA rahA hai aura saMsAra kI zUnyatA ke kAraNa cA~darUpI va DiyA ke Tukar3e se usa para tArArUpI zUnya bindue~ aMkita kara rahA hai / "vizvaM gaNayato vidhAtuH zazikAThinIkhaNDena tamomaSIzyome'jina iva viyati saMsArasyAtizUnyatvAcchUnya bindava iva / " DaoNkTara valhara ko bhI jaisalamera ke vRhad jJAna-bhaNDAra meM hastalikhita granthoM ke sAtha kucha carmapatra mile the jo pustakeM likhane athavA unako AveSTita karane ke lie hI ekatrita / kiye gae the| parantu yaha saba hote hue bhI bhArata meM lekhana ke lie carmapatra kA prayoga svalpa mAtrA meM hI hotA thA / yUnAna, araba, yoropa aura madhya eziyA Adi sthAnoM meM likhane ke lie carmapatra kA prayoga bahudhA pAyA jAtA hai / sokreTIja (sukarAta) se jaba pUchA gayA-"Apa 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 147 / 2. dUlharsa insakripzana riporTa, pR0 95 / / 3. pArcameNTa camar3e meM hI banA hotA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #171
144 / pANDulipi - vijJAna pustakeM kyoM nahIM likhate ?" to usa prasiddha dArzanika ne uttara diyA- "maiM jJAna ko manuSya sajIva hRdaya se bher3oM kI nirjIva khAla para nahIM le jAnA cAhatA hU~ / " isase vidita hotA hai ki vahA~ bher3oM kA camar3A likhane ke kAma meM lAyA jAtA thA / Arambhika islAmI kAla meM camar3e para likhane kI prathA thI / kurAna kI pratiyA~ zurU meM arabI meM mRgacarma para hI likhI jAtI thIM / gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka isakA khUba ca rahA / paigambara aura qhaibara ke yahUdiyoM kA sandhipatra aura kisarA ke nAma paigambara kA patra bhI camar3e para hI likhe gae the / misra meM kirtA (chata) meM bA~sa ke DaNThaloM se kAgaja banAyA jAtA thA aura isI para likha kara khalIphA kI AjJAe~ saMsAra-bhara meM bhejI jAtI thIM / kurAna meM bhI karAtIsa kAgaja banAne kA ullekha milatA hai (sUra : 6, 96 ) / misra meM bane isa bAMsa ke kAgaja meM bachar3e kI camar3I kI jhillI lagAI jAtI thI, isa vidhi se bane kAgaja para likhe hue akSara sahaja meM miTAye nahIM jA sakate the / IrAna meM bhI camar3e para grantha likhe jAte the / isa camar3e ko aMgrejI meM 'pArcameNTa' kahate the / palavI bhASA meM khAla kA vAcaka 'pusta' zabda hai / IrAniyoM ke samparka se hI yaha zabda dhIre-dhIre bhArata meM yA gayA aura yahA~ kI bhASA meM vyApta ho gayA / parantu IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se pahale isakA prayoga isakA bhAratIya bhASA meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / pANini, pataJjali, kAlIdAsa aura azvaghoSa kI kRtiyoM meM 'pustaka' zabda nahIM pAyA jAtA / vaidika sAhitya meM bhI 'pustaka' kA kahIM patA hI nahIM calatA / amarakoSa meM bhI yaha zabda nahIM zratA / hA~, bAda ke koSoM meM 'pusta' zabda lepyAdi zilpa karma kA vAcaka batAyA gayA hai / 'pustaM zobhAkaraM karma' - halAyudha koSa / mRcchakaTika meM pustaka zabda kA prAkRta rUpa 'potthama yA pothA' milatA hai / isI se pothI zabda bhI banA hai / bAgabhaTTa ne harSacarita aura kAdambarI, donoM hI racanAtroM meM pustaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kAdambarI meM caNDikA devI ke mandira ke tamila dezavAsI pujArI ke varNana meM likhA hai - "ghUmaraktAlaktakAkSaratAlapatrakuhakatantramantrapustikA saMgrAhiNA" zrarthAt usa pujArI ke pAsa kajjala aura lAla alaktaka meM banI syAhI se tAlapatra para likhI tantramantra kI pustakoM kA saMgraha thA / isase vidita hotA hai ki usa samaya taka tAlapatroM para raMgabiraMgI syAhiyoM se likhane kI prathA bhI cala cukI thii| isI pujArI ke varNana meM kapar3e para likhita durgA strota kA bhI ullekha hai| hare pattoM ke rasa aura koyale se banI syAhI ko sIpI meM rakhane kA bhI rivAja usa samaya thA (harita - patra - rasAMgAramaSIma linazambUka vAhinA) / tAr3apatrIya grantha bhArata meM prAcIna kAla kI adhikatara hastalipiyA~ tAr3apatroM para hI milatI haiM / tAr3a yA tAla vRkSa do prakAra ke hote haiM, eka kharatAr3a aura dUsarA zrItAr3a / gujarAta, siMdha aura rAjasthAna meM kahIM kahIM kharatAr3a ke vRkSa haiN| inake patte moTe aura kama lambecaur3e hote haiM / ye sUkhakara tar3akane bhI laga jAte haiM aura kacce tor3a lene para jaldI hI sar3a yA gala jAte haiM / isalie unakA upayoga pothI likhane meM nahIM kiyA jAtA / zrItAr3a ke per3a dakSiNa meM madrAsa aura pUrva meM brahmA Adi dezoM meM ugate haiM / ina per3oM ke patte adhika lambe, lacIle aura komala haiN| ye patte 37 iMca taka lambe hote haiM / kabhI-kabhI isase bhI adhika parantu inakI caur3AI 3 iMca yA isake lagabhaga hI hotI hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #172
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/ 145 tAr3apatroM ko ubAlakara unheM zakha yA kaur3I se ragar3A yA ghoMTA jAtA thA jisase ve cikane ho jAte the| phira lohe kI kalama se una para kuredate hue akSara likhe jAte the / tadantara una para syAhI lepa dI jAtI thI jo kurede hue akSaroM meM bhara jAtI thii| yaha tarIkA dakSiNI bhArata meM adhika pracalita thA / uttara bhArata meM prAyaH tAr3apatroM para syAhI se lekhanI dvArA likhA jAtA thA / saMskRta meM 'likh' dhAtu kA artha kuredanA hotA hai / spaSTa hai ki tAr3apatroM para pahale kuredakara likhA jAtA thA / ataH likhane kA artha huA-kuredanA / ataH isa kriyA kA nAma lekhana yA likhanA huA hai / 'lip' dhAtu kA artha hai-lIpanA / tAr3apatra para akSara kureda kara una para 'syAhI lepana' ke kAraNa lipi zabda kA prayoga bhI cAlU huA / jaisA ki Upara likhA gayA hai, tAr3apatroM kI caur3AI prAyaH 3 iJca kI hotI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki bAda meM, jaise bA~sa se kAgaja banAe jAte the, vaise hI tAlapatroM ko bhI bhigokara yA galAkara unakI lugadI banA kara aura bAda meM kUTa-pITakara adhika caur3AI ke patroM kA nirmANa kiyA jAne lagA / aisA pUrvIya dezoM meM hotA thaa| mahArAjA jayapura myUjiyama meM mahAbhArata ke kucha parva aise hI patroM para baMga lipi meM likhe hue haiM jinakA lipi saMvat lakSmaNa sena varSa meM hai / isI prakAra moTAI adhika karane ke lie tIna yA cAra patroM ko eka sAtha sIkara una para likhA jAtA thA / aisA karane se pustaka meM adhika sthiratA A jAtI thii| aise grantha barmA yA brahmA deza meM adhika pAe jAte haiN| tAr3apatroM ke lie garma jalavAyu hAnikAraka hai, isIlie adhika mAtrA meM likhe jAne para bhI tAr3apatrIya grantha dakSiNa bhArata meM kama milate haiM / kAzmIra, nepAla, gujarAta va rAjasthAna Adi ThaNDe aura sUkhe pradezoM meM adhika saMkhyA meM milate haiN| nepAla kI jalavAyu ko ina granthoM ke lie Adarza batAyA gayA hai| kaI bAra aisA dekhA gayA hai ki yadi kisI tAr3apatrIya prati ke bIca meM se koI patra jIrNa ho gayA yA truTita ho gayA hai to usI AkAra-prakAra ke kAgaja para usa patra para likhita aMza kI pratilipi karake bIca meM rakha dI gaI hai / parantu kAlAntara meM Asa-pAsa ke tAr3apatra to bace raha gaye aura vaha kAgaja jIrNazIrNa ho gyaa| kabhI-kabhI surakSA kI dRSTi se tAr3apatroM ke bIca-bIca meM halke patale kapar3e kI parateM rakhI gaIM-parantu usako bhI pAr3apatra khA gayA, yahI nahIM tAr3apatrIya prati para bA~dhA huA kapar3A bhI vivarNa aura jIrNa ho jAtA hai| isase jAta hotA hai ki kapar3e, kAgaja aura tAr3apatra kA mela nahIM baiThatA / tAr3apatra kAgaja aura kapar3e para vinAzakArI prabhAva hI par3atA hai| isIlie prAyaH tADapatrIya pratiyA~ vAlI meM na bA~dha kara mukta rUpa meM hI rakhI jAtI haiN| tADapatra para likhita jo prAcInatama pratiyA~ milI haiM ve pAzupata mata ke AcArya rAmezvaradhvaja kRta 'kusumAJjaliTIkA' aura 'prabodhasiddhi' hai, inakA lipikAla IsA kI prathama athavA dvitIya zatAbdI batAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra DaoN0 lUDarsa ne apane (Kieinene Sanskrit Texie Panti) meM eka nATaka ke buTita aMza ko chapavAyA hai jisako tAr3apatra para dUsarI zatAbdI meM likhI prati kA ullekha hai / yaha tAr3apatra para syAhI se likhI prati hai / jarnala zraoNpha dI eziyATika sosAiTI, baMgAla kI saMkhyA 66 ke pR. 218 1. akSara amara raheM, pR. 41 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #173
146 / pANDulipi - vijJAna para pleTa 7, saMkhyA 1 meM a se i taka eka saMskRta grantha ke Tukar3e chape haiM jo zrI makArTa ne kAzagara se bheje the / ye IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM likhe hue mAne gaye haiM / jApAna ke horiyUji maTha meM do bauddha grantha rakhe hue haiM jo madhya bhArata se le jAye gaye haiM / yaha 'prajApAramitAhRdayasUtra' aura 'uSNapavijayadhAriNI' kI pustakeM haiM, ye IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM likhI gayI haiM / nepAla ke tAr3apatrIya grantha saMgraha meM 'skandapurANa' (7vIM zatAbdI meM likhita) aura laMkAvatAra' (906-7 I0 meM likhita) kI pratiyA~ surakSita haiM / kaimbrija ke grantha-saMgraha meM prApta 'paramezvara tantra' bhI tAr3apatra para hI likhita hai aura yaha prati harSa saMvat 252 (859 I0) kI hai| rAjasthAna meM jaisalamera ke grantha-bhaNDAra apane prAcIna granthasaMgraha ke lie sarvavidita haiN| inameM se jinarAjasUrIzvara ke ziSya jinabhadrasUri dvArA saMsthApita bRhadbhaNDAra kA 1874 I0 meM DaoN0 bahUlara ne avalokana karake 1160 vi0 kI likhI huI tAr3apatrIya prati ko usa saMgraha kI prAcInatama prati batalAyA hai| isake pazcAt 1904-5 I0 meM hIrAlAla haMsarAja nAmaka jaina paNDita ne do hajAra do sau granthoM kA sUcIpatra taiyAra kiyA / usI varSa aMgreja sarakAra kI ora se prophesara zrIdhara bhANDArakara bhI jaisalamera gaye / unhoMne apanI vivaraNI meM jana paNDita kI sUcI ke hI AdhAra para saMvat 924 kI likhI tAlapatra prati ko prAcInatama btaayaa| parantu bAda meM sI. DI. dalAla dvArA anusaMdhAna karane para saMvat 1130 meM likhita 'tilakamaJjarI' aura 1139 meM lipikRta 'kuvalayamAlA' kI hI pratiyA~ prAcInatama pramANita huI / isa saMgraha meM arvAcInatama tAr3apatrIya prati 'sarvasiddhAnta viSamapadaparyApta' nAmaka prati saMvat 1439 varSa meM likhita hai / parantu jaisalamera ke hI dUsare tapAgaccha grantha bhaNDAra meM 'paJcamIkahA ' grantha kI prati 1109 vi. kI likhI huI hai jo vRhad bhaNDAra kI prati se bhI prAcIna hai / isI prakAra haribhadrasUri kRta 'paMcAzakoM' kI saMvat 1115 meM likhita prati bhI isa bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai| jaisalamera meM DUMgarajI-yati-saMgraha aura thAharUzAha bhANDAgAra nAmaka do saMgraha aura haiM kintu inameM ukta bhaNDAroM kI apekSA arvAcIna grantha haiM / 1 gujarAta ke khambhAta ke zAMtinAtha jJAna bhaNDAra meM bhI saMvat 1164 meM likhita 'jIvasamAsavRtti' aura 1181 saMvat meM likhita municandramUri racita 'dharmAbinduTIkA' kI prAcInatama tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / bhANDArakara oriyaNTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, pUnA meM 'upamiti bhavaprapaJca kathA' nAmaka jaina grantha kI 178 patroM kI tAr3apatrIya prati upalabdha hai jo vikrama saMvat 962 (905-6 I0) meM likhI gaI hai / isa grantha kI bhASA saMskRta hai / bhUrjapatrIya ( bhojapatra para likhe grantha) bhUrjapatra se tAtparya hai bhUrja nAmaka vRkSa kI chAla / yaha vRkSa himAlaya pradeza meM . bahutAyAta se hotA hai / isakI bhItarI chAla kAgaja kI taraha hotI hai, usI ko nikAlakara bahuta prAcIna samaya se likhane ke kAma meM liyA jAtA thA / bhale hI lekhana kA prathama abhyAsa pattharoM para huA ho para avazya hI yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki likhane kI prathA 1. jaisalamera - mANDAgArIya granthAnAM sUcIpattrasya prastAvanA - lAlacandra bhagavAnadAsa gA~dhI, 1923 I0 / 2. zrI khaMbhAta, zAntinAtha : prAcIna tAr3apatrIya, jaina jJAna bhaNDAra nuM sUcIpatra sUcIkartA - zrI vijayakumuda sUri / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #174
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/147 kA vaha pracalana pahale patra yA pattoM para hI likhane se huA hogA, kyoMki patte se hI likhita 'patra' zabda kI utpatti huI aura bAda meM jisa kisI aAdhAra para likhA gayA vaha bhI patra hI kahalAyA / likhI huI bhUrja kI chAla, chAla hote hue bhI patra hI kahalAtI hai aura phira isakA nAma hI bhUrjapatra par3a gayA / isameM bhI sandeha nahIM ki bhUrjapatra para likhane kI prathA bahuta purAnI hai / yaha chAla kabhI-kabhI 60 phuTa taka lambI nikala AtI hai / isako lekhaka AvazyakatAnusAra Tukar3oM meM kATakara vividha AkAra-prakAra kA kara lete the aura phira usa para taraha-taraha kI syAhI se likhate the / cikanA to yaha apane Apa hI hotA hai / mUla rUpa meM yaha chAla eka ora se adhika caur3I aura phira kramazaH sa~kar3I hotI jAtI hai aura hAthI kI sUDa kI taraha hotI hai / kavi kAlidAsa ne apane 'kumAra sambhava' kAvya ke prathama sarga (zloka 7) meM himAlaya kA varNana karate hue likhA hai : nyastAkSarA dhAturasena yatra bhUrjatvacaH kuJjarabinduzoNAH / vajanti vidyAdharasundarINA ___ managaMlekha kriyayopayogam / / (1.7) isa zloka meM 'bhUrjatvaka', 'dhAturasa' aura 'kuJjara vinduzoNAH' zabda dhyAna dene yogya haiM / himAlaya meM ugane vAle vRkSa kI pradhAnatA, usakI tvak arthAt chAla kA lekhakriyopayoga, dhAturasa se zoNa arthAt lAla syAhI kA prayoga aura usa mUla rUpa meM bhUrja kI chAla kA likhe jAne ke bAda akSaroM se yukta hokara binduyukta hAthI kI sUDa ke samAna dikhAI denAisake mukhya sUcaka bhAva haiM / / kAlIdAsa kA samaya yadyapi paNDitoM meM vivAdAspada hai parantu IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI me idhara vaha nahIM pAtA, ataH yaha to mAna hI lenA cAhie ki likhane kI kriyA kA usa samaya taka bahuta vikAsa ho cukA thA aura "bhUrjatvak', jo patra lekhana ke kAma pAne ke kAraNa bhUrjapatra kahalAne lagA thA, kApI pracalita ho cukA thA / alaberunI ne bhI apanI bhArata yAtrA vivaraNa meM 'tUja kI chAla' para likhane kI sUcanA dI hai| bhUrjapatra para likhI huI pustakeM yA grantha adhikatara uttarI bhArata meM hI pAye gae haiM vizeSataH kazmIra meM / bhArata ke vibhinna grantha saMgrahAlayoM meM tathA yorapa ke pustakAlayoM meM jo prAcIna bhUrjapatra para likhita grantha surakSita haiM ve prAyaH kAzmIra se hI prApta kiye gae haiM / khotAna meM 'dhammapada' (prAkRta) kA kucha aMza bhUrjapatra para likhA huA milA hai, yahI bhUrjapatra kA prAcInatama grantha mAnA jAtA hai / isakA lipikAla IsA kI dUsarI zatI prA~kA gayA hai| dUsarA grantha 'saMyuktAgamasUtra' bauddha-grantha bhI DaoN0 sTAina ko khotAna meM khaDa lika sthAna meM milA / yaha grantha IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI kA likhA huA hai| misTara bAvara ko milI pustakoM kA ullekha bAvara pAMDulipiyA~ (Bower Manuscripts) nAmaka pustaka meM hai| ve pustakeM bhI IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kI haiM aura bakhzAlI kA aMkagaNita 8vIM zatAbdI kA hai / ye pustakeM stUpoM aura pattharoM ke bIca meM rakhI hone se itane dina zAkuntala nATaka meM bhI zakuntalA duSyanta ko premapatra likhate samaya kahatI hai-"likhane ke sAdhana nahIM haiM to sakhiyA~ sujhAva detI haiM kamalinI ke patte para nakhoM se gahAkara zabda banA do|" yaha lekhna kA niyamita sAdhana nahIM apitu. tAtkAlika sAdhana hai| 2. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 144 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #175
148 / pANDulipi - vijJAna Tika sakI haiM anyathA khule meM rahane vAlI pustaka to 15vIM yA 16vIM zatAbdI se pahale bhI milatI hI nahIM haiM / tAr3apatra para to aba bhI koI-koI grantha likhA jAtA hai parantu bhojapatra to aba kevala yantra-mantra yA tAbIz2a prAdi likhane kI sAmagrI hokara raha gayA hai / isa para likhe hue jo kaI grantha milate bhI haiM ve bhI prAyaH dhArmika stotrAdi hI haiN| rAjasthAna- prAcyavidyA-pratiSThAna, jodhapura ke saMgraha meM 'durgAsaptazatI' kI eka prati surakSita hai| vaha 16vIM zatAbdI kI ( rAjA mAnasiMha, Amera ke samaya kI ) hai / isI prakAra mahArAjA jayapura ke saMgrahAlaya meM bhI eka-do pustakeM haiM jo 16vIM zatI se purAnI nahIM haiM / tAr3apatra aura kAgaja kI pekSA bhUrjapatra kama TikAU hotA hai / san 1964 I0 meM vizva - prAcya sammelana ke avasara para 'rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI' dvArA Ayojita pradarzanI meM takSazilA se prApta bhUrjapatra para brAhmI lipi meM likhe kucha pAMDulipIya patra pradarzita kiye gae the, jo 5vIM - 6ThI zatAbdI ke the / isI pradarzanI meM 'rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra' (National Archives of India) se prApta "bhaiSajyaguruvaidUryaprabhAsUtra' nAmaka bauddha-dharma-grantha kI prati bhI bhUrjapatra para guptakAlIna lipi meM likhita dekhI gaI jo 5vIM - 6ThI zatAbdI kI hai / sAMcIpAtIya bhUrjapatra kI taraha AsAma meM agaruvRkSa kI chAla bhI grantha likhane aura citra banAne ke kAma meM AtI thI / mahattvapUrNa granthoM, vizeSataH rAjAoM aura saradAroM ke lie likhe jAne vAle granthoM ke lie isakA upayoga mukhyataH kiyA jAtA thA / isa chAla ko taiyAra karane kA prakAra zrama-sAdhya ra jaTila-sA hotA hai / pahale, koI 15-16 varSa purAne zragaruvRkSa ko cuna lete haiM / isake tane kI paridhi 30 se 35 iMca taka hotI hai| jamIna se koI 4 phITa kI U~cAI para se chAla kI paTTiyA~ utAra lete haiM jo kabhI-kabhI 6 se 18 phITa lambI aura 3 se 27 iMca taka caur3I hotI haiM / ina paTTiyoM kA bhItarI arthAt sapheda bhAga Upara rakha kara tathA bAharI arthAt hare bhAga ko andara kI tarapha rakhakara guliyA lete haiM / phira inako sAta-ATha dina taka dhUpa meM sukhAte haiN| isake pazcAt inako kisI lakar3I ke paTTa athavA anya dRr3ha AdhAra para phailAkara hAtha se ragar3ate haiM jisase inakA khuradarApana dUra ho jAtA hai / taduparAnta inako rAta bhara prosa meM rakhate haiM aura prAtaH chAla kI UparI sataha (nikArI) ko bahuta sAvadhAnI se utAra lete haiM / isa zuddha chAla ke 9 se 27 iMca lambe aura 3 se 18 iMca caur3e Tukar3e suvidhAnusAra kATa lie jAte haiM / koI eka ghaNTe taka ThaNDe pAnI meM rakhakara ina para kSAra (Alkali) chir3akate haiM, phira cAkU se inakI sataha ko khuracate haiM / isake bAda isa narama sataha para pakI huI ITa ghisate haiM jisase rahA-sahA khuradarApana bhI dUra jAtA hai / aba ina Tukar3oM para mATImaha (mAMTImAtA) se taiyAra kiyA huA lepa lagAte haiM aura phira haratAla (pIle raMga se raMga lete haiN| dhUpa meM sukhAne ke bAda ye agara kI chAla ke patra saMgamaramara kI taraha cikane ho jAte haiM aura lekhana tathA citraraNa ke yogya bana jAte haiM / ina patroM kI lambAI, caur3AI aura moTAI vibhinna prakAra kI hotI haiM / do phITa lambe aura lagabhaga 6 iMca caur3e Tukar3e pavitra dhArmika granthoM kI pratiyA~ taiyAra karane ke lie surakSita rakhe jAte the / aisI pratiyA~ prAyaH rAjAoM aura saradAroM ke lie nirmita hotI thIM / likhita patroM para saMkhyAsUcaka aMka dUsarI ora 'zrI' akSara likhakara aMkita kiyA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #176
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra / 149 jAtA thA / pratyeka patra ke madhya meM bA~dhane kI DorI pirAne ke lie eka chidra banAyA jAtA thA / likhita patroM se apekSAkRta moTe patra surakSA ke lie prati ke Upara-nIce lagAe jAte the / kabhI-kabhI lakar3I ke paTare bhI isa kArya ke lie prayukta kie jAte the / ina moTe patroM para grantha ke svAmI aura usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke nAma likhe jAte the athavA unake jIvana meM athavA parivAra meM huI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA bhI lekha kabhI-kabhI aMkita kiyA jAtA thA / ina atirikta patroM ko 'beTI patra' kahate haiM (AsAma meM 'beTI' zabda dAsIputrI ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai) / bA~dhane kA chidra prAyaH dAe~ hAtha kI ora madhya meM banAyA jAtA thA aura isameM bahuta bar3hiyA mugA athavA eNDI kA dhAgA piroyA jAtA thA jisako 'nAr3I' kahate the / 18vIM zatAbdI meM likhe gae zAhI granthoM meM aise chidroM ke cAroM ora belabUTe aura phArasI DhaMga kI sajAvaTa tathA kabhI-kabhI sone kA kAma bhI dikhAI detA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir likhine tathA citrita karane se pUrva ina patroM ko cikanA aura mulAyama banAne ke lie prAya: 'mATImAha' kA hI lepa kiyA jAtA hai parantu kabhI-kabhI batakha ke aNDe bhI kAma meM lAye jAte haiM / haratAla kA prayoga patroM ko pIlA raMgane ke lie to karate hI haiM, sAtha hI yaha kRmi nAzaka bhI hai| jaba prati taiyAra ho jAtI hai to vaha gandhaka ke dhue~ meM rakhI jAtI hai, isase yaha vinAzaka kRmiyoM se mukta ho jAtI hai / Ahoma ke darabAra meM hastapratiyoM, dastAvejoM, mAnacitroM aura nirmANa sambandhI prAlekhoM kI surakSA ke lie eka vizeSa adhikArI rahatA thA jo 'gandhaiyA baruprA' kahalAtA thA / isa prakAra taiyAra kiye huye patroM ko AsAma meM 'sA~cIpAta' kahate haiM / komalatA aura cikkaNatA ke kAraNa ye patra dIrghAyuSI hote haiM aura kitane hI sthAnoM para bahuta sundara rUpa meM inake namUne aba taka surakSita pAye jAte haiM / parantu ye saba 15 vIM - 16vIM zatAbdI se purAne nahIM hai, hA~ agara patroM kA sandarbha bANakRta 'harSacarita' ke saptama ucchvAsa meM milatA hai / bANa mahAkavi harSavarddhana kA samakAlIna thA aura isalie usakA samaya 7vIM zatAbdI kA thA / kAmarUpa kA rAjA bhAskara varmA bhI harSa kA samakAlIna, mitra aura sahAyaka thA / usane samrATa ke darabAra meM bheMTasvarUpa kucha pustakeM bhejI thIM jo agaru kI chAla para likhe hue subhASita grantha the / "agaruvalkala-kalpita-saJcayAni ca subhASitabhAJji pustakAni pariNatapATala paTolatviSi ...1 bauddhoM ke tAntrika grantha 'prArya maJjuzrI kalpa" meM bhI pragaruvalkala para yantra-mantra likhane kA ullekha milatA hai aura isa prakAra isake lekhAdhAra banane kA itihAsa aura bhI pIche calA jAtA hai / 1. harSacarita (saptama ucchvAsa) / 2. trivendrama sIrIja, bhAga 1, pR. 131 | 2 mahArAjA jayapura ke saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita mahAbhArata ke kucha parva bhI sAMcIpAta para likhe hue haiM / kAgajIya yoM to lekha aura lekhAgAra donoM ke lie saMskRta meM 'patra' zabda kA hI prayoga adhikatara pAyA jAtA hai, parantu bAda ke sAhitya meM aura prAyaH tantra sAhitya meM 'kAgada' For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #177
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 150/ pANDulipi - vijJAna h www.kobatirth.org zabda bhI khUba prayukta kiyA gayA hai| bhUrjapatra, rezama, lAla kapar3A aura tAlapatra ke samAna 'kAgada' bhI yantra-mantra aura patAkAe~ yAdi likhane ke kAma meM prAtA thA / grantha to isa para likhe hI jAte the / ise 'zaraNa patra' bhI kahA gayA hai| prAyaH kahA jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama IsvI san 105 meM cIna ke logoM ne kAgaja banAyA | parantu, IsA se 327 varSa pUrva jaba yUnAna ke bAdazAha sikandara ne bhArata para hamalA kiyA taba usake sAtha nigrArkasa nAmaka senApati prAyA thA / usane apane vyaktigata anubhava se likhA hai ki usa samaya bhArata ke loga rUI se kAgaja banAte the / nirkasa sikandara kI isa car3hAI ke samaya kucha samaya taka paMjAba meM rahA thA aura usane yahA~ ke hAlacAla kA adhyayana karake bhArata ke logoM kA vistRta varNana likhA thA, isakA saMkSipta rUpa erizrama ne apanI 'iMDikA' nAmaka pustaka meM uddhRta kiyA hai| maiksamUlara ne bhI 'hisTrI oNpha eMziyeSTa saMskRta liTarecara' nAmaka pustaka meM isI AdhAra para bhAratIyoM ke rUI ko kUTakara kAgaja banAne kI kalA se avagata hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki rUI va cithar3oM Adi ko bhigo kara lugadI banAne tathA usako kUTakara kAgaja banAne kI vidhi se bhAratavAsI IsA se cAra zatAbdI pUrva bhI acchI taraha paricita the / parantu kisI bhI prakAra aisA kAgaja tAr3apatra aura bhUrjapatra kI apekSA adhika TikAU aura sulabha nahIM thA isalie isa para likhe grantha kama milate haiM aura utane purAne bhI nahIM haiM / 1. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir phira bhI, yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki eziyA aura yoropa ke anya dezoM ke mukAbale meM bhArata ne kAgaja banAne kI kalA pahale hI jAna lI thI / 2. bhArata meM bahuta prAcInakAla se kAgaja banatA rahA hai / yahA~ vividha sthAnoM para kAgaja banAne ke udyoga sthApita the jinake yatkicit parivartita rUpa aba bhI pAye jAte haiM / kAgaja banAnA eka gRha udyoga bhI rahA hai| kAzmIra, dillI, paTanA, zAhAbAda, kAnapura, ahamadAbAda, khaMbhAta, kAgajapurA (arthAt daulatAbAda), ghosuNDA aura sAMgAnera " zrAdi sthAna kAgaja banAne ke kendra rahe haiM aura inameM se kaI sthAna to isI udyoga ke nAma se prasiddha hue haiN| daulatAbAda kA eka bar3A bhAga to kAgajapurA hI kahalAtA thA / ahamadAbAda, ghosuNDA aura sAMgAnera meM to kaI parivAra kAgaja kA hI udyoga karate the aura aba bhI karate haiM / ina logoM kI bastiyoM meM jAkara dekhane para kaI makAnoM kI dIvAroM para rUI, vAcaspatyam pR0 1855-56, Sanskrit English Dictionary - by M. M. Williams, P. 268. sukhAnanda kRta zabdArtha cintAmaNi / sAMgAnera kasbA jayapura se 8 mIla dakSiNa meM hai / vahA~ kA kAgaja udyoga prasiddha hai| savAI jayasiMha ke putra savAI IzvarIsiMha ke samaya meM isa udyoga ko vizeSa protsAhana milA thaa| unake samaya meM kAgaja kI kisma aura mApa kAyama kI gaI aura vaha kAgaja 'IzvarasAhI' kAgaja kahalAtA thA / kAgaja kI cikanAI ke anusAra usa para rAjya kI mohara lagA dI jAtI thii| tadnusAra vaha kAgaja 'do mohariyA' yA 'Der3ha mohariyA' yA 'mohariyA' kahalAtA thaa| isa vyavasAya ko karane vAle parivAra 'kAgadI' yA 'kAgajI' nAma se prasiddha hai / sAMgAnerI kAgaja bahuta TikAU hotA hai / bhUtapUrva jayapura rAjya ke bahIkhAte, sTAmpa pepara aura anya abhilekha isI kAgaja para pAye jAte haiM / sAmAnya rUpa se surakSita rakhane yogya sabhI taharIreM likhane ke lie isI kA prayoga hotA thaa| satrahavIM zatAbdI yA isake bAda meM likhe hue bahuta-se grantha bhI sAMgAnerI kAgaja para likhe pAye jAte haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #178
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/151 raddI kAgaja aura cithar3oM ko bhigokara galAne ke bAda lugadI banAkara kUTa kara banAe hue kAgaja cipake hue mileMge, jo sUkhane ke lie lagAye jAte haiN| sUkhane para inako zaMkha yA kaur3I athavA hAthIdA~ta ke gola Tukar3oM se ghoMTakara cikanA banAyA jAtA hai jisase syAhI idhara-udhara nahIM phailtii| isI prakAra deza meM kAzmIrI, mugaliyA, aravAla, sAhabakhAnI, khambhAtI, zariNayA, ahamadAbAdI, daulatAbAdI grAdi bahuta prakAra ke kAgaja prasiddha haiM aura ina para likhI huI pustakeM vividha grantha-bhaNDAroM meM prApta hotI haiN| vilAyatI kAgaja kA pracAra hone ke bAda bhI granthoM aura dastAvejoM ko dezI hAtha ke bane kAgajoM para likhane kI paramparA cAla rahI hai / vAstava meM, aba to hAtha kA banA kAgaja hAtha ke bane kapar3e ke sAtha saMlagna ho gayA hai aura yatra-tatra khAdI bhaNDAroM meM hAtha ke bane dezI kAgaja becane ke kakSa bhI dikhAI dete haiM / dezI kAgajoM kA TikAUpana isI bAta se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki sarakArI yA gaira-sarakArI abhilekhAgAroM meM jo kAgaja-patra rakhe hue haiM unameM se vilAyatI kAgaja (cAhe pArcamaiNTa hI kyoM na ho) para likhe hue lekha dezI kAgaja para likhI sAmagrI ke Age phIke aura jIrNa lagate haiN| granthAgAroM meM bhI dezI kAgaja para likhI prAcIna pAMDulipiyA~ aisI nikalatI haiM mAnoM abhI-abhI kI likhI huI hoN| ina kAgajoM ke nAmakaraNa ke viSaya meM yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki koI kAgaja apane nirmANa-sthAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, to koI apane nirmAtA ke nAma se / kisI-kisI kA nAma usameM prayukta sAmagrI se bhI prasiddha huyA hai, jaise-zariNayA, momiyA, bA~sI, bhoMgaliyA ityAdi / madhya eziyA meM yArakaMda nAmaka nagara se 60 mIla dakSiNa meM 'kuginara' nAmaka sthAna haiM / vahA~ misTara vebara ko jamIna meM gar3e hue cAra grantha mile jo kAgaja para saMskRta bhASA meM gupta lipi ke likhe hue batAye jAte haiN| DaoN0 hArnalI kA anumAna hai ki ye grantha IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke hone cAhie / isI prakAra madhya eziyA ke hI kAzagara Adi sthAnoM para jo purAne saMskRta grantha mile haiM ve bhI utane hI purAne lagate haiM / bhArata meM prApta kAgaja para likhita pratiyoM meM vArANasI ke saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM sarasvatI bhavana pustakAlaya sthita bhAgavata purANa kI eka mizrita prati kA ullekha milatA hai| isakI mUla puSpikA kA saMvat 1181 (1134 I0) batAyA gayA hai / rAjasthAna-prAcya-vidyA-pratiSThAna, jodhapura ke saMgraha meM Anandavardhana kRta dhvanyAloka para abhinavagupta viracita dhvanyAlokalocana TIkA kI prAcInatama prati saMvat 1204 (1146 I0) kI hai / isake patra bahuta jIrNa ho gae haiM, puSpikA kI antima paMktiyA~ bhI jhar3a gaI haiM parantu usakI phoTo prati saMgaha meM surakSita hai / ___ mahArAjA jayapura ke nijI saMgraha 'pothIkhAnA' meM padmaprabha sUri racita 'bhuvanadIpaka' para unhIM ke ziSya siMha tilaka kRta vRtti kI saMvat 1326 tri. kI prati vidyamAna hai / isa vRtti kA racanA kAla bhI saMvat 1326 hI hai aura yaha bIjApura nAmaka sthAna para 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA, pR0 1451 vhalara dvArA saMgrahIta gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, sindha aura khAnadeza ke khAnagI pustaka saMgrahAlayoM kI sUcI, bhAga 1, pR. 238 para ina graMthoM kA ullekha dekhanA caahie| 2. mainyuskripTsa phraoNma iNDiyana kalaikzansa, nezanala myUjiyama, 1964,1.8 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #179
152/pANDulipi-vijJAna likhI huI hai| isa prati ke patra jIrNatA ke kAraNa aba zIrNa hone lage haiM parantu pratyeka sambhava upAya se isakI surakSA ke prayatna kie jA rahe haiM / tUlIpAtIya aAsAma meM citraNa va lekhana ke lie 'tUlIpAta' kA prayoga bhI bahuta prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai| isake nirmANa kI kalA ina logoM ne sambhavataH 'tAi' aura 'zAna' logoM se sIkhI thI jo 13vIM zatAbdI meM ahoma ke sAtha yahA~ Aye the / / . vAstava meM 'tUlipAta' eka prakAra kA kAgaja hI hotA hai jo lakar3I ke gUde yA balka se banAyA jAtA hai / yaha tIna raMga kA hotA hai-sapheda, bhUrA aura lAla / sapheda 'tUlipAta' banAne ke lie mahAi (Mahai) nAmaka vRkSa ko cunA jAtA hai, gahare bhUre raMga ke tUlipAta ke lie yAmona (jAmuna) vRkSa kA prayoga hotA hai aura lAla 'tUlipAta' jisa vRkSa ke gUde se banatA hai usakA nAma ajJAta hai| uparyukta vRkSoM kI chAla upayukta parimANa meM nikAla lI jAtI haiM aura phira use khUba kUTate haiM / isase unake reze DhIle hokara alaga-alaga ho jAte haiN| phira inako pAnI meM itanA ubAlate haiM ki eka-eka kaNa alaga hokara unakA saba kUr3A-karakaTa sApha ho jAtA hai / ina kaNoM kA phira kalka banA lete haiN| isake bAda alaga-alaga mApa vAlI AyatAkAra taztariyoM meM pAnI bharakara usa para usa kalka ko samAna rUpa se phailA dete haiM aura ThaNDA hone ko rakha dete haiM / ThaNDA hone para pAnI kI sataha ke Upara kalka eka sakhta aura majabUta kAgaja ke rUpa meM jama jAtA hai / sAdhAraNatayA tUlipAta patra do pAThoM ko sIkara taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai athavA eka hI lambe pAThe ko doharA karake sI lete haiN| isase vaha patra aura bhI majabUta ho jAtA hai / kAgaja banAne kA yaha prakAra vizuddha bhAratIya atirikta prakAra hai / isa udyoga ke kendra namphaki.pAla, maMgaloMga aura nArAyaNapura meM sthita the jo AsAma ke lakhImapura jile ke antargata haiM / nephA meM kAmeMga sImA kSetra ke moMpA bauddha bhI isI prakAra ke kAgaja kA nirmANa karate haiM jo sthAnIya 'sukso' nAmaka vRkSa kI chAla se banAyA jAtA hai / paTIya athavA (sUtI kapar3oM para likhe) grantha grantha likhane, citra Alekhita karane tathA yantra-mantrAdi likhane ke lie rUI se banA sUtI kapar3A bhI prayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai / lekhana kriyA se pahale isake chidroM ko banda karane hetu ATA, cAvala kA mA~Da yA leI athavA pighalA hA moma lagAkara parata sukhA lete haiM aura phira akIka, patthara, zaMkha, kaur3I yA kasauTI ke patthara Adi se ghoMTakara usako cikanA banAte haiN| isake pazcAt usa para lekhana kArya hotA hai| aise AdhAra para likhe hue citra paTa-citra kahalAte haiM aura grantha ko paTa-grantha kahate haiM / sAmAnyataH paToM para pUjA-pATha ke yantra-mantra hI adhika likhe jAte the-jaine, sarvatobhadra yantra, liMgato-bhadra-yantra, mAtRkA-sthApana-maNDala, graha-sthApana-maNDala, hanumatpatAkA, sUryapatAkA, sarasvatI patAkAdi citra, svarga-naraka-citra, sAMpanasenI-jJAna citra aura jainoM ke aDhAI dvIpa, tIna dvIpa, teraha dvIpa aura jambU dvIpa evaM solaha svapna Adi ke nakze va citra bhI aise hI paToM para banAe jAte haiN| bAda meM mandiroM meM prayukta hone vAle parde arthAt For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #180
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra 153 pratimA ke pIche vAlI dIvAra para laTakAne ke sacitra paTa bhI isI prakAra se banAne kA rivAja hai / inako pichavAI kahate haiN| nAthadvArA meM zrInAthajI kI pichavAiyA~ bahumUlya hotI haiM / rAjasthAna meM bahuta-se kathAnakoM ko bhI paToM para citrita kara lete haiM jo 'par3a' kahalAte haiM / aise citroM ko phailAkara lokagAyaka unake saMgItabaddha kathAnakoM kA gAna karate haiM / pAnI kI par3a, rAmadevajI kI par3a, Adi kA prayoga isa pradeza meM sarvatra dekhA jA sakatA hai| mahArAjA jayapara ke saMgraha meM aneka tAntrika nakze. devacitra evaM imAratI khAke vidyamAna hai jo 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / koI-koI aura bhI prAcIna haiM parantu ve jIrNa ho cale haiN| inameM mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha dvArA sampanna yajJoM ke samaya sthApita maNDaloM ke citra tathA jayapura nagara saMsthApana ke samaya taiyAra kie gaye prArUpa-citra darzanIya haiM / isI prakAra saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita rAdhAkRSNa kI holI ke citra bhI paTa para hI aMkita haiM aura uttara 17vIM zatI ke haiM / dakSiNa se prApta kie hue chaH RtuoM ke vizAla paTa citroM para vividha avasthAoM meM nAyikAyeM nirUpita haiM / ye citra bhI kapar3e para hI bane haiM aura bahuna sundara haiN| jisa va para moma lagAkara use cikanA banAyA jAtA thA, use momiyA kapaDA yA paTa kahate the / ese kapar3oM para prAyaH janma-patriyA~ likhI jAtI thiiN| ye janma-patriyA~ paTTiyoM ko cipakA kara bahuta lambe-lambe AkAra meM banAI jAtI thiiN| ina para likhI huI sAmagnI itanI vizada aura vizAla hotI thI ki unheM eka grantha hI mAna liyA jA sakatA hai / jisakI janma patrI-hotI hai usake vaMza kA itihAsa, vaMza-vRkSa, sthAna, pradeza aura utsavAdi varNana, nAgarika varNana, graha sthiti, graha bhAvaphala, dazA-nirUpaNa Adi kA sacitra sodAharaga nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / inameM aneka aise granthoM ke sandarbha bhI uddha, ta mila jAte haiM jo aba nAma zeSa hI raha gaye haiM / jayapura nareza ke saMgraha meM mahArAjA rAmasiMha prathama ke kumAra kRSNasiMha kI janma-patrI 456 phITa lambI aura 13 iMca caur3AI kI hai jo aneka bhavya citroM se susajjita aura vividha jyotiSa granthoM se sandarbhita hai| yaha janma-patrI saMvat 1711 se 1736 taka likhI gaI thii| isI prakAra mahArAjA mAdhavasiMha prathama kI janma-patrI bhI hai / isameM yadyapi citra nahIM hai parantu kachavAhA vaMza kA itihAsa, jayapura nagara vagana aura savAI jayasiMha kI prazastiyA~ Adi aneka upayogI sUcanAe~ likhita haiN| bhAdrapada mAsa meM (badi 12 se sudi 4 taka) jaina loga pATha dina kA pa! paNa parva manAte haiN| pAThaveM dina nirAhara vrata rakhate haiN| isakI samApti para ye loka eka-dUsare se varSa bhara meM kie hue kisI bhI prakAra ke bure vyavahAra ke lie kSamA mA~gate haiN| aise kSamAvANI ke avasara para eka gA~va athavA sthAna ke samasta saMgha kI ora se dUsare paricita gA~va ke prati kSamApana patra' likhe jAte the / saMgha kA mukhiyA prAcArya kahalAtA hai ataH vaha patra prAcArya ke nAma se hI sambodhita hotA hai / ina patroM meM sAMvatsarika-kSamApanA ke atirikta payUSaNa-parva ke dinoM meM apane gA~va meM jo dhArmika kRtya hote haiM unakI sUcanA prAcArya ko dI jAtI thI tathA yaha bhI prArthanA kI jAtI thI ki ve usa grAma meM Akara saMgha ko darzana deN| aise patra 'vijJapti-patra' kahalAte haiN| inake likhane meM gA~va kI ora se paryApta dhana evaM samaya vyaya kiyA jAtA thaa| inakA prAkAra-prakAra bhI prAyaH janma-patrI ke kharar3oM jaisA hI hotA hai tathA ye kAgaja ke atirikta tAr3apatrAdi para bhI likhe milate For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #181
154/pANDulipi-vijJAna haiM / kabhI-kabhI koI jaina vidvAna muni inameM apane kAvya bhI likhakara prAcArya kI sevA meM preSita karate the| mahAmahopAdhyAya vinayavijaya racita 'indudUta', meghavijaya viracita 'meghadUta', samasyA-lekha aura eka anya vidvAna dvArA praNIta cetodUta kAvya aise hI vijJapti patroM meM pAye gaye haiN| sabase purAne eka vijJapti-patra kA eka hI truTita tAr3apatrIya-patra pATana ke prAcIna grantha bhaNDAra meM milA hai jo vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI kA batAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi kAgaja para likhe vijJapti patra 100 hAtha (50 gaja = 1.52 phITa) taka lambe aura 2-13 iMca caur3e 15vIM zatI ke jitane purAne mile haiM parantu kapar3e para vita aisA koI patra nahIM milA / kintu jaba ina vijJapti-patroM ko janma-patrI jaise sArar3oM meM likhane kA rivAja thA to avazya hI inake lie rejI, tUlipAta yA anya prakAra ke kapar3e athavA paTa kA bhI prayoga kiyA hI gayA hogA / aise patroM kA prAcIna jaina-grantha-bhaNDArI meM anveSaNa honA Avazyaka hai| prAcIna samaya meM paJcAMga (jyotipa) bhI kapar3e para likhe jAte the| inameM devIdevatA aura graha-nakSatrAdi ke citra bhI hote the / mahArAjA jayapura ke saMgraha meM 17vIM zatAbdI ke kucha vahuta jIrNa paMcAMga milate haiM / 'rAjasthAna prAcya-vidyA-pratiSThAna' dhAra meM bhI katipaya isI taraha ke prAcIna paMcAMga vidyamAna haiN| dakSiNa Andhra pradeza Adi sthAnoM meM imalI khAne kA bahuta rivAz2a hai| inalI ke bIja yA 'cIyA~' ko Aga meM meMka kara supArI kI taraha to khAte hI haiM parantu isakA eka aura bhI mahattvapUrNa upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / vahA~ para isa 'cIyA~' se leI banAI jAtI thii| usa leI ko kapar3e para lagAkara kAlA paTa taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| usakI vahI banAkara vyApArI loga usa para sapheda khar3iyA se apanA hisAba-kitAba likhate the / aisI bahiyA~ 'kaDitam' kahalAtI thiiN| zRMgerI maTha meM aisI saikar3oM bahiyA~ maujUda haiM jo 300 varSa taka purAnI haiM / pATaNa ke prAcIna grantha-bhaNDAra meM zrI prabhasUri racita 'dharma vidhi' nAmaka kRti udayasiMha kRta TIkA sahita pAI gayI hai jo 13 iMca lambe aura 5 iMca caur3e kapar3e ke 93 patroM para likhita hai / kapar3e ke patroM para likhita abhI taka yahI eka pustaka upalabdha kapar3e para leI lagAkara kAlA paTa taiyAra karake sapheda khar3iyA se likhane ke anukaraNa meM kaI aisI pustakeM bhI milatI haiM jo kAgaja para kAlA raMga pota kara sapheda syAhI se likhI gayI haiN| igalI ke bIja se citrakAra bhI kaI prakAra ke raMga banAte the| rezamI kapaDe kI alaberunI ne apane bhArata yAtrA vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki usako nagarakoTa ke kila meM eka rAjavaMzAvalI kA patA thA jo rezama ke kapar3e para likhI huI batAI jAtI hai| yaha vazAvalI kAbula ke zAhiyAvaMzI hindU rAjAoM ko thI / isI prakAra DaoN0 yuhala ra ne 1. muni jinavijaya saM. 'vijJapti triveNI' pR. 32 / 2. bhAramIya prAcIna lipi mAlA, pR. 146 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #182
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra 155 apane granya nirIkSaNa vivaraNa (pR0 30) meM likhA hai ki unhoMne jaisalamera ke vRhad-granthabhaNDAra meM jaina sUtroM kI sUcI dekhI jo rezama kI paTTI para likhI thii| kASThapaTTIya likhane ke lie lakar3I ke phalakoM ke upayoga kA rivAja bhI bahuta purAnA hai| koI 40-45 varSa pUrva sarvatra aura kahIM-kahIM para aba bhI bAlakoM ko sulekha likhAne ke lie lakar3I kI pATI kAma meM lAI jAtI hai| yaha pATI lagabhaga Der3ha phuTa lambI aura eka phuTa caur3I hotI hai / isake sire para eka mukuTAkAra bhAga kATa diyA jAtA hai jisameM chidra hotA hai / bAlaka isa chidra meM DorA pirokara laTakA lete haiN| isakI sahAyatA se ghara para bhI ise khaTI para TA~ga dete haiM : kyoMki vidyA ko pairoM meM nahIM rakhanA cAhiye / isI pATI para mulatAnI yA khar3iyA potate haiM / yaha lepa itanA sApha aura svaccha karake lagAyA jAtA hai ki pATI ke donoM ora kI sataha samAna rUpa se svaccha ho jAtI hai| pATI potane aura usako mukhAne kI kalA meM bAlakoM kI caturAI aA~kI jAtI thii| caTazAlA meM bacce mAmUhika rUpa se pATI potane baiThate aura phira 'sUkha-sakha pATI, vidyA prAvai' kI raTa lagAte hue paTTI havA meM hilAte the / pATI sUkha jAne para ve ise apane donoM ghuTanoM para rakhakara neje yA sarakaMDe kI kalama aura kAlI syAhI se sandara akSara likhane kA abhyAsa karate the / prArambha meM gurujI kalama ke ulTe sire se binA syAhI ke usa pATI para akSaroM ke AkAra (kiTakinAM) banA dete the aura phira bAlaka usa AkAra para syAhI pherakara sulekhana kA abhyAsa karate the| pATI para jo khar3iyA yA mulatAnI potI jAtI thI vaha pANDu kahalAtI thI aura isIlie prArambhika mUla lekha ko pANDulipi kahate haiM jo aba prArUpa, mUla hastalekha maura hastalikhita grantha kA vAcaka zabda bana gayA hai| pATI likhane se pahale baccoM ko 'khorapATA' dete the / eka lakar3I kA AyatAkAra pATA, jisake choTe-choTe cAra pAye hote the yA donoM ora nIce kI tarapha DATa hotI thI, yaha bAlaka ke sAmane bichA diyA jAtA thaa| isa para lAla cUne yA svaccha bhUrI miTTI bichAkara isa taraha hAtha pherA jAtA ki usakI sataha mamatala ho jAtI thii| phira lar3akI kI tIkhI nokadAra kalama se usa sataha para likhanA sikhAte the / isa kalama ko 'baratA' yA 'baratanA' kahate the / jaba pATA bhara jAtA to lekha gurujI ko jaeNcavA kara phira usa miTTI para hAtha pherA jAtA aura punaH lekhana cAlU ho jaataa| Ajakala jaise skUloM meM kakSAeM hotI haiM usI prakAra pahale par3hane vAle chAtroM kI zreNI-vibhAjana isa prakAra hotA thA ki prArambha meM 'khorA-pATA' kI kakSA phira 'pATI' kakSA / dina meM vidyArthI kitanI paTTiyA~ likha letA thA, isake AdhAra para bhI usakI variSThatA kAyama kI jAtI thii| isa prakAra pATI yA phalaka para likhane kI paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| bauddhoM kI jAtaka-kathAoM meM bhI vidyArthiyoM dvArA kASTha-phalakoM para likhane kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. isakA eka rUpa braja meM yoM milatA haisukha-sUkha paTadI candana gaTaTI, rAjA Aye mahala cinAye, mahala gaye TUTa, paTTI gaI sUkha / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #183
156/pANDulipi-vijJAna sulekha sikhAne ke lie Age kA krama yaha hotA thA ki pATiyoM ke eka aora lAla lAkha kA rogana lagA diyA jAtA aura dUsarI ora kAlA yA harA rogana lepA jAtA thA 11 phira ina para haratAla kI pIlI-sI syAhI yA khar3iyA yA pANDu kI sapheda sI syAhI se likhAyA jAtA thaa| dainika prayoga meM bahuta se dukAnadAra pahale lakar3I kI pATI para kaccA hisAba TIpa lete the (Ajakala sleTa para likha lete haiM) aura phira yathAvakAza use syAhI se pakkI bahI meM utArate the| isI taraha jyotiSI loga bhI pahale khora pATe para kuNDaliyA~ grAdi khIMca kara gaNita karate the, putI huI pATiyoM para bhI janma, lagna, vivAha lagna Adi TIpa lete the aura phira unake aAdhAra para hastalekha taiyAra kara dete the / khora-pATe para likhane ko jyotiSa-zAstra meM 'dhulIkarma' kahate haiM / _ vidvAna bhI grantha racanA karate samaya jaise Ajakala pahale rUla peMsila se kaccA masavidA kAgaja para likha lete haiM athavA kisI padya kA sphuraNa hone para sleTa para jamA lete haiM aura bAda meM usako nirNIta karake sthAyI rUpa se likhate yA likhavA lete haiN| usI taraha purAne samaya meM aise prArUpa kASTha-paTTikAoM para likhane kA rivAja thaa| janoM ke 'uttarAdhyayana satra' kI TIkA kI racanA naimicandra nAmaka vidvAna ne saMvat 1129 meM kI thii| usameM isa prakAra pATI se nakala karake sarvadeva nAmaka gaNi dvArA grantha likhane kA ullekha hai-- paTTikA to'likhacnemA~ sarvadevAbhidho mariNaH / grAtmakarmakSayAyAtha paropakRti hetave / / 14 / / khotAna se bhI kucha prAcIna kASTha-paTTioM ke milane kA ullekha hai / ina para kharoSThI lipi meM lekha likhe haiN| varmA meM roganadAra phalakoM para pANDulipi likhI jAtI hai / oNksaphorDa kI voDaleyana pustakAlaya meM eka aAsAma se prApta kASTha-phalakoM para likhI eka pANDulipi batAyI jAtI hai| : kAtyAyana aura daNDI ne batAyA hai ki bAda-patra phalakoM para pANDu (khar3iyA) se likhe jAte the aura rogana vAle phalakoM para zAhI zAsana likhe jAte the| granthoM ke donoM ora jo kASThaphalaka (yA paTarI) lagAkara graMtha bA~dhe jAte haiM, una para bhI syAhI se likhI sUktiyA~ athavA mUla graMtha kA koI aMza uddha ta mila jAtA hai jo svayaM racanAkAra athavA lekhaka (pratilipikartA) dvArA likhA huA hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI kASTha stambhoM para lekha khode gaye, jaise kirArI se prApta stambha para mile haiM / bhaja kI guphA kI chatoM kI kASTha maharAboM para bhI lekha utkorNa mile haiN| braja meM "hiramica' potI jAtI thI jisase paTTI lAla ho jAtI thii| phira usa para ghoMTA kiyA jAtA thaa| 'ghoMTA' zIze ke bar3e gola challe ke AkAra kA lagabhaga tIna aMgula caur3AI kA hotA thaa| umase ghoMTane para paTTI cikanI ho jAtI thI usa para khaDiyA ke ghola se likhA jAtA thA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #184

Page #185

Page #186
granthoM ke anya prakAra 1. prAkAra ke AdhAra para : yahA~ taka hamane grantha likhane ke sAdhana yA AdhAra kI dRSTi se granthoM ke prakAra batAye / prAcInatama hastalikhita pratiyA~ prAyaH lambI aura patalI paTTiyoM ke rUpa meM hI prApta hotI haiM, jinako eka ke Upara eka rakhakara gaDDI banAkara rakhA jAtA hai| eka-eka paTTI ko patra kahate haiM / 'patra' nAma isalie diyA ki ye pothiyA~ tAr3apatroM yA bhUrjapatroM para likhI jAtI thiiN| bAda meM tatsamAna prakAra ke mAMDapatra yA kAgaja banAe jAne lage / ava vaha 'patra' zabda ciTThI ke artha meM prayukta hone lagA hai| 'patA' bhI patra se hI nikalA hai / grataH prAcIna pustakeM chUTe yA khule patrAkAra rUpa meM hI hotI thiiN| inake choTe-bar3e prakAra kA bheda batAne ke lie jo zabda prayukta haiM unase patA calatA hai ki pothiyA~ pA~ca prakAra kI hotI thIM / dazavekAlika sUtra kI haribhadrakRta TIkA meM evaM nizIthacUrNI Adi meM pustakoM ke 5 prakAra isa taraha ginAye gaye haiM 1 - ( 1 ) gaNDI, (2) kacchapI, (3) muSTI, (4) sampuTaphalaka aura (5) chedapATI, chivADI yA sRpATikA 12 gaNDI jo pustaka moTAI aura caur3AI meM samAna hokara lambI ( Rectangular) hotI hai vaha 'gaNDI' kahalAtI hai| jaise patthara kI 'katalI' hotI hai usI prakAra kI yaha pustaka hotI hai / tAr3apatra para yA tAr3apatrIya grAkAra ke kAgajoM para likhI huI pustakeM 'gaNDI' prakAra kI hotI hai / kacchapI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra / 157 kacchapa yA kachue ke AkAra kI arthAt kinAroM para sa~karI aura bIca meM caur3I pustakeM kacchapI kahalAtI haiN| inake kinAre yA chora yA to trikoNa hote haiM athavA golAkAra | 'gaMDI kacchavi muTThI saMyDaphalae chivADIya' ege putyayapaNa, cakkhANa miNaM bhavetasya / / vAlla puhatta hi, gaNDI pattho u tullagoM dIho / kacchavi ante taNuo, majjhe pilo muNeyabbo cauraM guladI ho vA gTTAhi muTThi putyago ahvA / cauraM guladIhocci, cauraMgI hoi vinneo / / sampuGago duganAI phalagAvocchaM mettA hai / taNupattUsiyarubo, hoI chivAr3I buhA veMti / / dI hovA hasso vA, jo pihulo hoi appavAhallo / taM muNiyasamayasArA, chivADiyotyaM bhaNatIha // - daza vaikAlika haribhadrI TIkA, patra 25 'muni puNya vijaya jI : bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA meM pR0 22 para 25 vIM pAda TippaNI se uddhata | For Private and Personal Use Only 2. muni puNya vijayajI ne bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA meM pR0 22 kI 26 vI pAda TippaNI meM batAyA hai ki kucha vidvAn chivAr3I ko supaTika mAnate haiM / kintu munijI vRrhaklpasUtra vRtti tathA sthAnAMga sUtra TIkA Adi mAnya granthoM ke AdhAra para chivAr3I ko 'chedapATI' hI mAnate haiM /

Page #187
158/pANDulipi-vijJAna muSTI choTe AkAra kI muSTigrAhya pustaka ko muSTI kahate haiM / isakI lambAI cAra aMgula kahI gaI hai| isa rUpa meM bAda ke likhe hue choTe-choTe guTake bhI sammilita kie jA sakate haiN| haidarAbAda sAlArajaMga-saMgrahAlaya meM eka iMca parimANa vAlI pustakeM haiM / ve muSTI hI mAnI jaayegii| saMpuTa-phalaka sacitra kASThapaTTikAoM athavA lakar3I kI paTTiyoM para likhita pustakoM ko sampuTaphalaka kahA jAtA hai| vAstava meM, jina pustakoM para surakSA ke lie Upara aura nIce kASThaphalaka lage hote haiM, unako hI 'sampuTa phalaka' pustaka kahate haiM / cheda pATI jisa pustaka ke patra lambe aura caur3e to kitane hI hoM, parantu saMkhyA kama hone ke kAraNa usakI moTAI (yA U~cAI) kama hotI hai usako chedapATI chivAr3I yA sRpATikA kahate haiN| pustakoM kI lekhana zailI se pustaka-prakAra lekhana zailI ke prAdhAra para pustakoM ke nimna prakAra bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti bhane lekhana kalA' meM batAye gaye haiM : 1. tripATa yA tripATha ) ye tIna bheda pustaka ke pRSTha ke rUpa-vidhAna para 2. paMcapATa yA paMcapATha ) nirbhara haiN| 3. zuMDa yA zuMDa . ) . . 4. citra pustaka-yaha upayogI sajAvaTa para nirbhara hai| 5. svarNAkSarI ) yaha lekhAkSara likhane ke mAdhyama (syAhI) ke vikalpa ke 6. raupyAkSarI ) prakAra para nirbhara hai / 7. sUkSmAkSarI ) ye akSaroM ke AkAra ke parimANa para nirbhara hai| 8. sthUlAkSarI Adi ) ukta prakAroM ke sthApita karane ke cAra prAdhAra alaga-alaga haiM / ye AdhAra haiM : 1. pRSTha kA rUpa-vidhAna / 2. pustaka ko sacitra karane se bhI pustaka kA eka alaga prakAra prastuta hotA hai / 3. sAmAnya syAhI se bhinna svarNa yA rajata se likhI pustakeM eka alaga varga kI ho jAtI haiM / 4. phira akSaroM ke sUkSma athavA sthUla parimAraNa se pustaka kA alaga prakAra ho jAtA hai| kuNDalita, valayita yA kharar3A Upara jo prakAra batAye gaye haiM, unameM eka mahattvapUrNa prakAra chUTa gayA hai / vaha kuNDalI prakAra hai jise aMgrejI meM skAla (Scroll) kahA jAtA hai| prAcIna kAla meM pharAUnoM ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #188
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/1593 yuga meM 'mitha' meM pepIrasa para kuNDalI grantha hI likhe gye| bhArata meM kama hI sahI kuNDalI grantha likhe jAte the / 'bhAgavata purANa' kuNDalI grantha briTiza myUjiyama meM rakhA huA hai / / jainiyoM ke vijJapti patra' bhI kuNDalI-grantha kA rUpa grahaNa kara lete the| bar3audA ke prAcyavidyAmaMdira meM hastalikhita sacitra sampUrNa mahAbhArata kuNDalI grantha ke rUpa meM surakSita haiyaha 228 phITa lambI aura 51 phITa caur3I kuNDalI hai jisameM eka lAkha zloka haiM / tenahnAMga se DaoN0 raghuvIra 8000 balayitAtroM kI pratilipiyA~ lAye the| 'kuNDalI grantha' rakhane ke piTaka ke sAtha 1. yaha purANa 5 iMca caur3I aura 55 phuTa lambI kuNDalI meM hai, sacina hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #189
160 / pANDulipi - vijJAna pRSTha ke rUpa-vidhAna se prakAra-bheda sAmAnya graMthoM meM pATa yA pATha kA bheda nahIM hotA hai / zrAdi se anta taka pRSTha eka hI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / kintu jaba pRSTha kA rUpa-vidhAna vizeSa abhiprAyaH se badalA jAye to ve tIna prakAra ke rUpa grahaNa karate milate haiM : tripATa yA tripATha isa pATa yA pATha meM yaha dikhAI par3atA hai ki pRSTha tIna hissoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA hai / bIca meM moTe akSaroM meM mUla graMtha ke zloka, usake Upara aura nIce choTe akSaroM meM TIkA, TIbA yA vyAkhyA dI jAtI hai / isa prakAra eka pRSTha tIna bhAgoM meM yA pAToM yA pAThoM meM baMTa jAtA hai / isalie ise tripATa yA tripATha kahate haiM / paMcapATa yA pATha jaba kisI pRSTha ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM bA~Takara likhA jAye to paMcapATa yA pATha kahalAegA / tripATa kI taraha isameM bhI bIca meM kucha moTe akSaroM meM mUla grantha rahatA hai, yaha eka pATa huA / Upara aura nIce TIkA yA vyAkhyA likhI gaI, yaha tIna pATa hue phira dAIM aura bAIM ora hAziye meM bhI jaba likhA jAye to pRSTha kA isa prakAra kA rUpa-vidhAna paMcapATha kahA jAtA hai / zUDa yA zu MDa antima paMkti sabase choTI hotI kara letA hai / yaha kevala lekhaka jisa 'pustaka kA pRSTha likhe jAne para hAthI kI sUMDa kI bhA~ti dikhalAI par3e vaha 'sUMDa pATha' khlaaegaa| isameM Upara kI paMkti sabase bar3I, usake bAda kI paMktiyA~ prAyaH. choTI hotI jAtI haiM, donoM ora se choTI hotI jAtI haiM / haiM aura pRSTha kA svarUpa hAthI kI sUMDa kA AdhAra grahaNa kI yA lipikAra kI apanI ruci ko pragaTa karatA hai / kintu isa prakAra ke grantha dikhAI nahIM par3ate / hA~, kisI lekhaka ke apane nijI lekhoM meM isa prakAra kI pRSTha racanA mila sakatI hai / kintu 'kumAra sambhava' meM kAlidAsa ne zloka 1.7 meM 'kuMjara biduzoraNa:' se aisI hI pustaka kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| isI adhyAya meM bhUrjapatra zIrSaka dekhie / anya isa dRSTi se dekhA jAye to lekhaka kI nijI pRSTha - racanA meM trikoNa pATha bhI mila sakatA hai / Upara kI paMkti pUrI eka ora hAziye kI rekhA ke sAtha pratyeka paMkti lagI huI kintu dUsarI ghora thor3A-thor3A kama hotI huI anta meM sabase choTI paMkti / isa prakAra pRSTha trikoNa pATha prastuta ho jAtA hai| ataH aise hI anya pRSTha sambandhI racanA - prayoga bhI lekhaka kI apanI ruci ke dyotaka haiM / inakA koI vizeSa artha nahIM / tripATa aura paMcapATha ina do kA mahattva avazya hai kyoMki ye vizeSa abhiprAyaH se hI pAThoM meM vibhakta hotI haiM / I sajAvaTa ke AdhAra para pustaka-prakAra jisa prakAra se ki Upara pRSTha racanA kI dRSTi se prakAra-bheda kiye gaye haiM usI prakAra se sajAvaTa ke AdhAra para bhI pustaka kA prakAra alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #190
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/161 sajAvaTa citroM ke mAdhyama se hotI hai / eka hastalekha meM citroM kA upayoga do dRSTiyoM se ho sakatA hai / eka-kevala sajAvaTa ke lie aura dUsare saMdarbhagata upayoga ke lie| ye donoM hI sAdA eka svAhI meM bhI ho sakate haiM aura vividha raMgoM meM bhii| natha meM citra graMthoM meM citrAMkana kI paramparA bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| 11vIM zatI se 16vIM zatI ke bIca eka citrazailI pracalita huI jise 'apabhraMza-zailI' nAma diyA gayA hai| inameM sambandha meM 'madhyakAlIna-bhAratIya kalAoM evaM unakA vikAsa' nAmaka graMtha kA yaha avataraNa draSTavya hai "mukhyataH ye citra jaina saMbaMdhI pothiyoM (pANDulipiyoM) meM bIca-bIca meM chor3e hue caukora sthAnoM meM bane hue milate haiN|" - isakA artha hai ki yaha 'apabhraMza-kalA' graMtha-citroM ke rUpa meM panapI aura vikasita huI / yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki isase jaina dharma-graMthoM kA hI vizuddha yogadAna rhaa| hA~, akabara ke samaya meM sAmrAjya kA prazraya citrakAroM ko milA / isa prazraya ke kAraNa kalAkAroM ne anya graMthoM ko bhI citrita kiyaa| rAjasthAna-zailI meM bhI citraNa huaa| isa prakAra hastalikhita graMthoM meM citroM kI tIna zailiyA~ panapatI milatI haiN| eka apabhraza-zailI jaina-dharma graMthoM meM panapI / isake do rUpa milate haiM / ekamAtra alaMkaraNa smbndhii| 1062 I. ke 'bhagavatI-sUtra' meM alaMkaraNa mAtra haiN| alaMkaraNa zailI meM vikAsa kI dUsarI sthiti kA patA hameM 1100 I0 kI 'nizItha-cUNi' se hotA hai / isa pANDulipi meM alaMkaraNa ke lie velabaMToM ke sAtha pazuoM kI prAkRtiyA~ bhI citrita haiN| 13vIM zato meM devI-devatAoM kA citraNa bAhulya se hone lgaa| me sabhI pratiyA~ tAr3apatra para haiM / citra bhI tAr3apatra para hI banAye gaye haiM / "1100 se 1400 I. ke madhya jo citrita tAr3apatra tathA pANDulipiyA~ milatI haiM unameM 'aMgasUtra', 'kathA saritsAgara', 'triSaSThi-zAlAkA-puruSa-carita', 'zrI neminAtha carita', 'zrAvaka-pratikramaNa-cUNi' Adi mukhya haiN|" 1400 se tAr3apatra ke sthAna para kAgaja kA upayoga hone lgaa| 1400 se 1500 ke bIca kI citrita pAMDulipiyoM meM kalpasUtra, kAlakAcArya-kathA, siddhasena Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| paMdrahavIM-solahavIM zatI meM kAgaja kI pAMDulipi meM kalpasUtra aura kAlakAcArya kathA kI anekoM pratiyA~ citrita kI gyiiN| hindI meM kAmazAstra ke kaI graMtha isI kAla meM sacitra likhe gaye / 1451 kI kRti vasaMta-vilAsa meM 79 citra haiM / 1. nAtha, Ara0 (DaoN.)-madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAe~ evaM unakA vikAsa, pR. 431 .. vahI, pR0 3. vahI, pR. 4 4. lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM haiM : 1547 I. meM citrita 23 citroM se yukta phiradosI kA 'zahanAmA akabara ke samaya meM citrita cha: citroM vAmI pothI harivaMza purANa' ke aMzoM ke phArasI anuvAda vAlI; 17vIM matAndI kI kAzmIra zailI ke 12 citroM bAlI kuNDalI (Scroll) ke rUpa meM 'bhaagvt'| kramazaH For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #191
162/pANDulipi-vijJAna aba yaha kalA prANavAna ho calI thI aura dharma ke kSetra se bhI ba~dhI huI nahIM rhii| sajAvaTI pustakeM sajAvaTI citra-pustakoM ko kaI prakAra se sajAyA jA sakatA hai / eka to graMtha ke pratyeka pRSTha para cAroM ora ke hAziyoM ko phUla-pattiyoM se yA jyAmitika AkRtiyoM se yA pazu-pakSiyoM kI prAkRtiyoM se sajAyA jA sakatA hai| dUsarA prakAra yaha ho sakatA hai ki prArambha meM jahA~ puSpikA dI gayI ho yA adhyAya kA anta huA ho, vahA~ isa prakAra kA koI sajAvaTI citra banA diyA jAya (jaise rAulavela meM) / phUla pattiyoM vAlA, azoka cakra jaisA tathA aneka prakAra ke jyAmitika AkRtiyoM vAlA athavA pazu-pakSiyoM vAlA koI citra banAkara pRSTha ko tathA pustaka ko sajAyA jA sakatA hai| pRSThoM ke madhya meM bhI viziSTa prakAra kI prAkRtiyA~ lipikAra isa rUpa meM prastuta kara sakatA hai ki lekha kI paMktiyoM ko isa prakAra vyavasthita kare ki pRSTha meM svastika yA stambha yA DamarU yA isI prakAra kA anya citra ubhara Aye / pRSTha ke bIca meM sthAna chor3akara anya koI citra, manuSya kI yA pazu kI prAkRti ke citra banAye jA sakate haiN| ye sabhI citra sajAvaTa yA lipikAra ke lekhana-kauzala ke pradarzana ke lie hote haiM / pAMDulipiyoM meM tAr3apatroM ke graMthoM ke patroM ke bIca meM DorI yA sUtra DAlane ke lie gola chidra kie jAte the aura likhane meM bIca meM isI nimitta lekhaka golAkAra sthAna chor3a detA thaa| yaha anukaraNa kAgaja kI pANDulipiyoM meM bhI kiyA jAne lagA / isa golAkAra sthAna ko vividha prakAra se sajAyA bhI jAne lgaa| upayogI citroM vAlI pustakeM sajAvaTa vAle citroM se bhinna jaba graMtha ke viSaya ke pratipAdana ke lie yA use dRzya banAne ke lie bhI citra pustaka meM diye jAte haiM, taba meM citra pUre pRSTha ke ho sakate haiM aura graMtha meM Ane vAlI kisI ghaTanA kA evaM dRzya kA citraNa bhI inameM ho sakatA hai / kabhIkabhI ina citroM meM svayaM lekhaka ko bhI hama citrita dekha sakate haiN| pUre pRSThoM ke citroM ke atirikta aisI citrita pustakoM meM pRSTha ke UparI Adhe bhAga meM, nIce Adhe bhAga meM, pRSTha ke bAIM ora ke UparI cauthAI bhAga meM yA bAIM ora ke nIce ke cauthAI bhAga meM, yA nIce ke cauthAI bhAga meM citra bana sakate haiM yA bIca meM bhI banAe jA sakate haiN| Upara nIce lekha aura bIca meM citra ho sakate haiM / jaba kabhI kisI kAvya ke bhAga ko prakaTa karane ke lie ... 1. koTA-saMgrahAlaya meM zrImadbhAgavata kI eka aisI pANDulipi hai jisakA pratyeka pRSTha raMgIna citroM se citrita hai| ___ kalakattA AzutoSa-kalA-saMgrahAlaya meM eka kAgaja para likhI 1105 I0 kI bauddha dharma ke mahAyAna sampradAya kI pANDulipi hai, isameM bauddha devatAoM ke ATha citra haiN| isa prati kA mahatva isalie bhI hai ki yaha kAgaja para likhe prAcInatama graMthoM meM se hai| __ alavara saMgrahAlaya meM mahatvapUrNa citrita pANDulipiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-(1) bhAgavata-kuNDalI rUpa meM likhita. citrayukta 18 phuTa lambA hai| (2) gIta govinda, alavara zailI ke citroM se yukta hai, (3) vAkayAtebAbarI, humAyU. ke samaya meM turkI se phArasI meM anudita huI / isameM citra bhAratIya-IrAnI zailI ke haiN| 'zAhanAmA-isake citra uttara-mugala-kAla kI zailI ke haiN| 'gulistAM'-isakI vaha prati yahA~ surakSita hai jise mahArAjA vinayasiMha ne paune do lAkha rupaye vyathaH karake taiyAra karAyA thA aura isako taiyAra karane meM 15 varSa lage the| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #192
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra / 163 citra die jAte haiM to kAvya kA koI aMza citra ke Upara yA nIce aMkita kara diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra graMtha aneka pracAra se citrita kie jA sakate haiN| ye citra sajAvaTa vAlI citrazailI se bhI yukta banAe jA sakate haiN| aise citroM meM hAzie ko vividha prakAra kI sundara prakRtiyoM se sajAyA jAtA hai, taba citra banAyA jAtA hai / ina citroM meM apane kAla kI citra kalA kA rUpa ubhara kara AtA hai / inake kAraNa aisI pustakoM kA mUlya bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai / sAmAnya syAhI meM bhinna mAdhyama meM likhI pustaka sAmAnyataH pustaka lekhana meM tAr3apatroM ko chor3akara kAlI pakkI syAhI se graMtha likhe jAte rahe haiM / lAla syAhI ko bhI hama sAmAnya hI kaheMge, kintu isa prakAra kI sAmAnya syAhI se bhinna kImatI svarNa yA rajata akSaroM meM likhe hue graMtha bhI milate haiM / ataH inakA eka alaga varga ho jAtA hai / ye svarNAkSara athavA rajatAkSara hastalekhoM ke mahattva aura mUlya ko bar3hA dete haiN| sAtha hI ye likhavAne vAle kI ruci aura samRddhi ke bhI dyotaka hote haiM / svarNAkSara aura rajatAkSaroM meM likhe hue graMthoM ko vizeSa sAvadhAnI se rakhA jAyegA aura, unake rakhane ke lie bhI vizeSa prakAra kA prabandha kiyA jAyegA / spaSTa hai ki svarNAkSarI aura rajatAkSarI pustakeM sAmAnya paripATI kI pustakeM nahIM mAnI jA sakatIM / aisI pustakeM bahuta kama milatI haiM / akSaroM ke AkAra para AdhArita prakAra akSara sUkSma yA atyanta choTe bhI ho sakate haiM aura bahuta bar3e bhI / isI AdhAra para sUkSmAkSarI pustakoM aura sthUlAkSarI pustakoM ke bheda ho jAte haiM / sUkSmAkSarI pustaka ke kaI upayoga haiM / paMcapATa meM bIca ke pATa ko chor3akara sabhI pATha sUkSmAkSara meM likhane hote haiM, tabhI paMcapATa eka panne meM A sakate haiM / isI prakAra se eka hI panne meM 'mUla' ke aMza ke sAtha vividha TIkA TippaNiyA~ bhI nA sakatI haiM / sUkSmAkSarI : sUkSmAkSaroM meM likhI pustaka choTI hogI, aura saralatA se yAtrA meM sAtha le jAI jA sakatI hai / vastutaH jaina muni yAtrAoM meM sUkSmAkSarI pustakeM hI rakhate the / akSaroM kA AkAra choTe-se-choTA itanA choTA ho sakatA hai ki use dekhane ke lie AtizI zIzA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / sUkSmAkSara meM likhane kI kalA taba camatkAraka rUpa le letI hai jaba eka cAvala para 'gItA' ke sabhI adhyAya aMkita kara diye jAya~ / sthUlAkSa pustaka bar3e-bar3e akSaroM meM bhI likhI jAtI haiM / ye maMda-dRSTi pAThakoM ko suvidhA pradAna karane ke lie moTe akSaroM meM likhI jAtI haiM athavA isaliye ki inheM pothI kI bhA~ti par3hane meM suvidhA hotI hai / kucha aura prakAra aba jo prakAra yahA~ die jA rahe haiM, ve prAjakala pracalita prakAra haiN| inhIM ke AdhAra para zrAja khoja riporToM meM grantha prakAra die jAte haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #193
164/pANDulipi-vijJAna pAMDulipiyA~ itane prakAra kI milatI haiM :-- (1) khule pannoM ke rUpa meM / ptraakaar| (2) pothI / kAgaja ko bIca se mor3akara bIca se silI huii| (3) guTakA / bIca se yA Upara se (pustaka kI bhA~ti) silA huaa| isake patra apekSA kRta choTe hote haiM / pannoM kA AkAra prAyaH 6XA, iMca taka hotA hai| (4) potho / bIca se silI huii| pothI aura potho meM antara hai| pothI ke panne apekSAkRta AkAra meM choTe aura saMkhyA meM kama hote haiM / potho meM isase viparIta bAta hai| (5) pAnAvalI / yaha bahInumA hotI hai| lambAI adhika aura caur3AI kama / caur3AI vAle sire se silAI kI gaI hotI hai| ise bahInumA pothI bhI kabhI-kabhI kaha diyA jAtA hai| (6) pothiyAM / pustaka kI bhAMti lambAI yA caur3AI kI ora se silA huaa| isameM aura pothI meM silAI kA antara hai / pothiyA~ prAyaH saMkalana grantha hote haiM, athavA aneka racanAoM ko ekatra kara liyA jAtA hai, bAda meM una sabako eka sAtha bar3e grantha ke rUpa meM silavA liyA jAtA hai| ina sile granthoM kA lipikAla prAyaH bhinna-bhinna hI hotA hai| kaunasA prakAra kitanA upayogI hai, isako samajhane ke lie usakA uddezya jAnanA jarUrI hai| Upara jo prakAra batAye gaye haiM, unheM vastutaH do bar3e vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / (ka) grantha prakAra (2) patroM ke rUpa meM . jilda ke rUpa meM . 1-khule patroM ke rUpa meM potho pothI guTakA 2-bIca meM cheda vAle DorI-graMthi yukta 1-inakA pracalana solahavIM zatAbdI ke utta lambAI lambAI-caur3AI rArddha se vizeSa huA lagatA hai / jainoM ke caur3AI meM lambAI atirikta isake pazcAt jana-sAdhAraNa meM barAbara apekSAkRta aura anyatra yahI rUpa vizeSa pracalita adhika rahA / saMkhyA meM sarvAdhika yahI milate haiN| isakA vizeSa uddezyavizeSatAeM : pothI: 1-gharU (1) inameM pRSTha-saMkhyA lagAne kI paddhati : 2-sampradAya-pITha, mandira (eka zabda (ka) bAya hAtha kI pora hAziye meM meM dhArmika saMkhyA vizeSa) ke lie sabase Upara kintu 'zrI gaNeza' 3-pIr3hI ke lie sAmUhika rUpa se bhAga se haTakara kucha nIce, tathA / bhaviSya kI pIDhiyoM ke lie (kha) usI panne ke dvitIya bhAga (pRSTha pothI : Upara dI gayI bAtoM ke atirikta 2) meM dAyeM hAtha kI aora niice| (i) bheMTasvarUpa dene ke lie For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #194
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/165 (2) nAma likhane kI pati : (ii) becane ke lie (ka) jahA~ pRSTha-saMkhyA likhate the usake (iii) kisI ke kahane para dAna meM ThIka nIce yA Upara (sAmAnyataH) dene ke lie| kisI ke kahane racanA ke nAma kA prathama akSara para likhI gayI yA banAyI (apavAdasvarUpa do akSara bhI) gayI pothI bhI isI varga meM likhate the| aisA sAdhAraNataH paayegii| prathama pRSTha ke bAyeM hAtha vAle (iv) apane lie| aMka ke sAtha hI kiyA jAtA guTakA : uparyukta bAtoM ke atirikta nimnthaa| dUsare pRSTha ke bAyeM hAziye likhita aura: yA dAyeM hAziye meM likhI pRSTha- (i) pATha ke lie saMkhyA ke pAsa bhii| yoM racanA (ii) svAdhyAya hetu nAma hAziyoM (kevala bAyeM hI) kucha aisI prathA thI ki guTake ko ke bIca meM bhI likhe milate haiN| sAmAnyataH kisI ko dikhAyA yA diyA (3) vizeSa : nahIM jAtA thA / kintu aisI varjanA (ka) eka panne kI saMkhyA eka hI usI guTake ke lie hotI thI jisameM mAnI jAtI thI, Adhunika dhArmika bhAvanA nihita hotI thI, vaise pustakoM meM likhI pRSTha-saMkhyA usakA khUba upayoga hotA thaa| kI bhA~ti do nhiiN| vizeSa : ina sabameM guTake ke donoM rUpa vizeSa (kha) potho, pothI aura guTake meM kAma pracalita rhe| pAne vAlI paddhati nIce dI jA kAraNa : (1) suvidhA, (2) majabUtI evaM rahI hai| (3) saMkSepa laghu AkAra / phalataH saikar3oM guTake milate haiN| zeSa do rUpa (potho evaM pothI) bhI milate haiM, para apekSAkRta kama / vizeSa upayogitA : ina saba kAraNoM ke atirikta inakI kucha aura upayogitAe~ bhI thIM, yathA1-rAjasthAna ke rAjagharAne meM paThana-pAThana ke lie, saMgraha ke lie| 2-rAjapUta rAjagharAne se vizeSa rUpa se sambandhita cAraNa Adi jAtiyoM meM paramparA surakSita rakhanA aura vyavasAya kI pratiSThA ke lie| 3-bhAToM meM........daheja meM, goda lene para, vizeSa avasara para bheMTa yA prasannatA ke pratIka ke rUpa meM diye jAne ke lie| 4-nAthoM meM 5-janoM meM-tathA, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #195
166/pANDulipi-vijJAna 6-ghaniSTha mitroM Adi meM Apasa meM diye jAte the-udAharaNArtha(dharma-bhAI banAte samaya, dharma-bahina banAte samaya, pavitra sthAnoM meM) ... potho, poyI, guTakA inameM bhI pRSTha saMkhyA lagAne kI paddhati bhI uparivat hai, prakAra meM yatkicat bheda hai| ina tInoM meM hI 'lejara' kI bhAMti 'pholiyo' saMkhyA rahatI hai| hameM 'pholiyA' zabda grahaNa kara lenA caahie| pRSTha saMkhyA kI paddhati : 1. bAyeM panne ke Upara prArambhika paMkti ke barAbara yA usase kucha nIce saMkhyA dI jAtI hai| yahI saMkhyA dAyeM panne ke dAyeM hAziye ke Upara isI prakAra lagAI jAtI hai| inameM saMkhyA sAmAnyataH Upara kI ora hI dene kI paripATI rahI hai / 2. dUsarA rUpa isa prakAra hai : bAyeM panne ke Upara (uparivat) tathA dAyeM panne ke dAyeM hAziye meM nIce kI ora / yaha paddhati vizeSa suvidhAjanaka rahatI hai| eka ora ke kinAre naSTa hone para bhI zeSAMza bacA rahane para isa saMkhyA kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| pRSTha saMkhyA (pholiyo saMkhyA se tAtparya hai) potho, pothI, guTakA Adi meM kahA~ taka dI jAya, isake lie do paripATiyA~ rahI haiM(ka) Adi se lekara bIca kI silAI ke dAyeM panne taka / . (kha) Adi se lekara antima panne taka / vizeSa : (kha) meM dI gayI sthiti meM yadi anta meM eka hI pannA ho aura vaha bAyA~ ho sakatA hai, to bhI usI DhaMga se saMkhyA dI jAtI thii| isakI gaNanA ThIka usI rUpa meM kI jAtI thI jisameM zeSa 'pholiyo' kii| inameM bhI racanA kA prathama akSara saMkhyA ke nIce likhA rahatA hai kintu kevala bAyeM panne kI saMkhyA ke nIce hI / ina tInoM ke viSaya meM ye bAteM vizeSa rUpa se lAgU hotI haiM :(ka) yadi saMkalana-grantha hai, to bhinna racanA kA nAma (usakA prathama akSara likhA jaayegaa)| (kha) yadi harajasa, pada Adi viSayaka grantha hai (jo saMkalana hI hai) to usameM 'ha0' yA 'bha0' (bhajana), gI0 (gIta) Adi likhA milatA hai| (ga) yadi eka hI racanA hai, to svabhAvataH usI ke nAma kA prathama akSara likhA jaayegaa| silAI 1. patrAkAra pustakoM meM (ka) khule patroM ke rUpa meM (stra) bIca meM cheda vAle rUpa meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #196
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra / 167 (ka) khule pannoM vAlI pustakoM kI to silAI kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| panne kramAnusAra sajAkara kisI baste meM bA~dhe jAte the / pustaka ke Upara-nIce vizeSataH lakar3I kI aura gauNataH pattoM ke usake pannoM se kucha bar3I AkAra kI paTariyA~ lagA dI jAtI thIM / isase pannoM kI surakSA hotI thI / isako bhagave, pIle yA lAla raMga ke vastra se lapeTa kara rakhate the / yaha vastra do prakAra kA hotA thA : 2. (1) bugacA -- yaha tIna prora se silA huA hotA thA, cauthe kone meM eka majabUta DorI bhI lagI rahatI thI / paTariyoM sahita pustaka ko isameM rakhakara DorI se lapeTa kara bAMdha diyA jAtA thA / (2) caukora vastra - isa kapar3e se bA~dha diyA jAtA thA / (kha) bIca meM cheda vAlI khule pannoM kI pustakeM apekSAkRta kama milatI haiM / pratIta hotA tAr3apatra-granthoM kI yaha nakaleM haiM / isa prakAra kI hastaprati meM pratyeka panne ke donoM ra ThIka bIca meM eka hI AkAra-prakAra kA phUla banA diyA jAtA thA / aneka meM kevala eka paise (purAne tA~be ke paise) ke barAbara raMgIna golA banA rahatA thA / ina granthoM meM pannoM kI lambAI-caur3AI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ekasI rakhI jAtI thI / saba grantha likhe jAne ke bAda usake pannoM meM cheda karake rezamI yA Una kI DorI unameM piro dI jAtI thI / isa prakAra inheM bA~dha kara rakhA jAtA thaa| aise grantha sAmAnyataH dUsaroM ko dene ke lie na hokara dharma ke sthAna - vizeSa athavA parivAra yA vyaktivizeSa ke nijI saMgraha ke lie hote the / inake likhane aura rakhane tathA prayukta karane meM sAvadhAnI aura satarkatA baratanI par3atI thI / vyaya bhI adhika hotA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki aise grantha kama milate haiM / potho, pothI, guTakA : purAne samaya ke jitane bhI aise grantha dekhane meM prAye haiM (DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne bIsa hajAra ke lagabhaga grantha dekhakara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki ve sabhI vIca se sile hue milate haiM / inake do rUpa haiM : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1- eka jaise AkAra ke pannoM ko lekara, unheM bIca se mor3akara bIca se silAI kI jAtI thI / pahale 100 panne dUsare 100 panne tIsare 100 panne 2 - kramaza: (caur3AI kI ora se) ghaTate hue AkAra ke panne lagAnA / (1) grantha ke bar3A hone ke kAraNa yA tathA ( 2 ) lambAI adhika hone ke kAraNa aisA kiyA jAtA thA / udAharaNArtha -- 1 phuTa ke 10 iMca (yA 10 yA 11") ke 8 iMca ke aise grantha apekSAkRta kama milate haiM, kintu yaha paddhati vaijJAnika hai / aise eka grantha kA upayoga DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne DI0 liT0 kI thIsisa meM kiyA hai / (3) silAI majabUta rezamI yA bahudhA suta kI baTI huI DorI se hotI thI / gA~Tha vAlA aMza prAyaH inake bIca meM liyA jAtA thA / yadi grantha bar3A huA to majabUtI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #197
168/pANDulipi-vijJAna ke lie silAI ke pratyeka cheda para dhAgA pirone se pUrva kAgajoM, gattoM yA camar3oM kA eka gola AkAra kA aMza kATakara lagAte the| aisA donoM ora bhI kiyA jAtA thA aura eka aora bhI kiyA jAtA thA / isI ko 'nathi' kahate haiM / jJAtavya hai ki jina granthoM meM lipikAra kI (yA jinake lie vaha taiyAra kiyA gayA haiunakI) kisI prakAra kI dharmabhAvanA nihita hotI thI to camar3e kA upayoga kabhI nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| aise granthoM kI silAI ke sambandha meM do bAteM haiM : (ka) pahale silAI karake phira grantha lekhana karanA, (kha) pahale likhakara phira silAI karanA / dUsare ke sambandha meM eka bAta aura hai / mAna lIjie kabhI-kabhI prArambha ke 10 bar3e pannoM para racanA likha lI gii| tatpazcAt aura adhika racanAoM ke likhane kA vicAra huA aura unako bhI likhA gayA / aba silAI meM prArambha ke 10 bar3e panne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hoNge| prathama 5 kA aMza Adi meM rahegA aura zeSAMza silAI ke madhya bhAga ke pazcAt / ataH yadi kisI grantha ke Adi bhAga meM koI racanA apUrNa ho, aura bAda meM usI grantha meM usakI pUrti isa rUpa meM mila jAye to prakSipta nahIM mAnanA caahie| 3-Adi aura anta ke bhAga meM (prAyaH viSama saMkhyA ke-5, 7, 9, 11) panne ati rikta lagA diye jAte the / isake ye kAraNa the :(ka) majabUtI ke lie prAdi aura anta meM kucha kore panne rahane se likhita panne surakSita rahate haiN| (kha) yadi racanA pUrI na likhI jA sakI ho to sambhAvita chUTe hue aMza ko likhane ke lie| (ga) lipikAra, svAmI, uddezya Adi se sambandhita bAteM likhane ke lie, udAharaNArtha :(a) kabhI-kabhI koI grantha becA bhI jAtA thA / anta ke pannoM meM yA kabhI Adi ke pannoM meM bhI usakA sandarbha rahatA thaa| gavAhoM ke bhI nAma diye jAte the / becane kI kImata, miti aura saMvat kA ullekha hotA thA / . (ba) yadi bheMTasvarUpa diyA gayA, to avasara kA, sthAna kA, kAraNa kA ullekha rahatA thaa| ina vyavahAroM ko sUcita karane ke lie bhI kucha panne kore chor3e jAte the| ina chUTe hue yA atirikta kore pannoM ke sambandha meM ye bAteM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM :(ka) yadi koI racanA adhUrI raha gaI, to prAyaH usakI pUrti prArambha ke pannoM se kI jAtI thii| aisA karane meM kabhI-kabhI Adi ke bhI tIna-cAra yA kama-bezI panne khAlI raha jAte the / hasta-granthoM ke vidyArthI aura pAThaka ko isa para vizeSa dhyAna denA caahiye| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #198
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/169 (kha) kisI racanA kA bAda meM milA huA koI aMza bhI inameM likhA jAtA thA, bhale hI aisA kama hI kiyA jAtA thaa| (ga) grantha meM jisa kavi/lekhaka kI racanA lipibaddha hotI thI, prAyaH usakI __ koI anya racanA bAda meM milatI thI to vaha ina pannoM meM likhI jAtI thii| zilAlekha :prakAra granthoM ke bAda hastalekhoM kI dRSTi se zilAlekhoM kA sthAna prAtA hai / zilAlekha bhI kitane hI prakAra ke mAne jA sakate haiM :1. parvatAMza para lekha (parvata meM lekhana-yogya sthAna dekhakara use hI lekhana-yogya banAkara zilA-lekha prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / ) ye zilA-lekha eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para nahIM le jAye jA skte| 2. guphAoM meM parvatAMza para khude zilA-lekha / ye bhI anyatra nahIM le jAye jA sakate / 3. parvata se zilAe~ kATakara una para aMkita lekha / ye zilAe~ eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAyI jA sakatI haiN| stambhoM yA lAToM para lekha / variNata viSaya ke AdhAra para ina lekhoM ke kaI bheda kie jA sakate haiM : 1. rAjakIya Adeza viSayaka zilA-lekha, 2. dAna viSayaka zilA-lekha, 3. kisI sthAna nirmANa ke abhiprAya tathA kAla ke dyotaka zilA-lekha, tathA . 4. kisI vizeSa ghaTanA ke smaraNa-lekha / zilA-lekha sabhI khude hue hote haiM, kintu kucha meM khude akSaroM meM koI kAlA patthara yA sIsA (lead) yA anya koI padArtha-masAlA bharakara lekha prastuta kiye jAte haiM / aisA vizeSataH saMgamaramara para khude akSaroM meM kiyA jAtA hai| ye sabhI itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hote haiM / parvatIya zilA-lekha acala hote haiM, ataH ina zilA-lekhoM kI chApeM pANDulipi-yAlaya meM rakhI jAtI haiM / jo zilA-lekha uThAye jA sakate haiM, ve mUla meM hI le jAkara hastalekhAgAra yA pANDulipi-yAlaya meM rakhe jAte haiN| chApa lenA : inakI chApa lene kI prakriyA yahA~ dI jAtI hai| yaha paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI ke lekha se uddhRta kI jA rahI hai| . prArambha meM ina zilAlekhoM ko par3hane ke liye akSaroM ko dekhakara unakI nakaleM tayAra kI jAtI thIM aura phira unheM par3hane kA kArya kiyA jAtA thA / isa paddhati se akSara kA parA svarUpa pAThaka ke sAmane nahIM A pAtA thA, aura isIliye kabhI-kabhI bhrama bhI ho jAyA karatA thA / kabhI-kabhI parisa plAsTara kI sahAyatA se bhI chAe~ (Estampage) taiyAra kI gaI, para unameM akSara kI pUrI prAkRti ubhara nahIM pAtI thii| akSara kI pUrI golAI, moTAI, usake ghumAva, phirAva ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki jisa sthAna (zilA athavA tAmrapaTTa) para vaha utkIrNa ho usa para chApa lI jAne vAlI cIja pUrI taraha se For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #199
170/pANDulipi-vijJAna cipaka sake / isake liye aba sabase suvidhAjanaka kAgaja upalabdha hai, jise bhArata sarakAra jUnAgar3ha se maMgavAtI hai| lekha vAle sthAna ko pahile sApha pAnI se acchI taraha dhokara sApha kara lenA cAhiye tAki akSaroM meM dhUla, miTTI yA aura kisI taraha kI koI cIja bharI na raha jaaye| phira kAgaja ko pAnI meM acchI taraha bhigokara cipakA denA cAhiye, phira use mulAyama braza se pITanA cAhiye, jisase akSaroM meM kAgaja acchI taraha cipaka , jAye / usake bAda eka kapar3A bhigokara kAgaja ke Upara lagAdeM aura use kar3e braza se pITapITa kara kAgaja ko aura cipakA deN| isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki lekha para kAgaja cipakAte samaya lekha aura kAgaja ke bIca meM bulabule (Bubbles) na uThane pAveM, aura yadi uTha jAyeM to unheM braza se pITa-pITakara kinAre para kara denA cAhie anyathA akSara para kAgaja ThIka cipaka na skegaa| pITate samaya yadi kahIM se kAgaja phaTa jAye to usake Upara turanta hI kAgaja kA dUsarA Tukar3A bhigokara lagA denA cAhiye / thor3A pITa dene se kAgaja pahale vAle kAgaja meM acchI taraha cipaka jAyegA / jaba kAgaja acchI taraha se akSaroM meM ghusa jAye taba Upara kA kapar3A utAra kara mulAyama bruza se phira idhara-udhara uTha gaI phuTakiyoM ko sudhAra lenA cAhiye / aba thor3I dera taka kAgaja ko havA lagane chor3a denA cAhiye jisase ki kAgaja sUkha jAye / phira eka taztarI meM kAlikha (Black Japan) ghola kara Daibara kI sahAyatA se lekha kI paMktiyoM para kramazaH lagA denA cAhiye / yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki kisI paMkti para dhabbA na Ane pAye anyathA akSara dhudhalA par3a jAyegA aura usakI AkRti spaSTa na ho sakegI, kAgaja para jaba rozanAI ThIka se laga jAye taba use sAvadhAnI se utAra kara sukhA lenA cAhiye / Ajakala kAlikha ko ghola kara lagAne ke bajAya koI-koI sUkhA hI lagAte haiN| para usase chApa (Estampage) meM vaha camaka nahIM A pAtI jo gIle kAjala meM AtI hai| . yaha paddhati una lekhoM ke lie hai jo gahare khode hue hote haiM, para urdU Adi ke ubhare hue lekhoM ke lie adhika sAvadhAnI baratane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai anyathA kAgaja phaTa jAne kI bahuta sambhAvanA rahatI hai| sAdhAraNatayA chApa taiyAra karane ke lie yaha mAmagrI apekSita hotI hai1. tirache lambe bruza (Bent bar Brush) 2 / 2. eka gaja sapheda halkA kpdd'aa| 3. syAhI gholane ke liye tshtrii| 4. eka DaMbara (Dabbar) syAhI milAne ke liye| 5. eka Daibara bar3A (lekha para syAhI lagAne ke liye)| 6. jUnAgar3hI kAgaja (isake abhAva meM bhI chApa lene kA kAma mAmUlI kAgaja se liyA jA sakatA hai, para kAgaja cikanA kama honA caahiye)| 7. cAka / 8. nApane ke liye kapar3e kA phItA yA lohe kA phuTA (yadi yaha saba sAmAna eka choTe sandUka meM rakhA jA sake to yAtrA meM suvidhA rahegI) bhAratIya lipiyoM va zilA-lekhoM kA anusandhAna karane vAloM ko agralikhita sAhitya dekhanA cAhiye For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #200
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/171 epigrAphiyA iMDikA / epigrAphiyA iMDomusolomikA / epigrAphiyA karanATikA / iMDizepailiyogrAphI, jArja byUlara / iMDiyana ennttikvrii| 'e thyorI praoNpha prorijina oNva dI nAgarI alphAbeTa' zAmA zAstrI kA lekha, iMDiyana eNTIkvarI, ___ mA0 25, pR0 253-321 / peliyogrAphika noTsa, bhaMDArakara abhinandana grantha meM viSNu sItArAma sukathanakara kA lekha pR0 309-322 / AuTalAinsa praoNva pailiyogrAphI, eca0 Ara0 kApar3iyA kA lekha, jarnala maoNva da yUnivarsiTI praoNva bAmbe, ArTa eNDa leTarsa saM0 12, ji0 6 san 1938, pR0 87-110 / e DiTelDa eksapojizana oNpha dI nAgarI, gujarAtI eNDa moDI skripTasa, eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA kA lekha, bhaMDArakara aoriyaNTala risarca insTIcyUTa kI patrikA bhA0 19, 3 (1938) pR0 386-418 / jaina-citra-kalpadruma, bhUmikA, muni puNya vijayajI / ahamadAbAda / bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, ma0 ma0 paMDita gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda aojhA ajmer| orijana va dI baMgAlI skripTa, rAkhAladAsa vandyopAdhyAya klkttaa| iMDiyana peliyogrAphI, bhAga-1, DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya kaashii| dI alphAveTa, DI0 DiriMgara laMDana / hindI vizva koza (zrI nagendranAtha vasu racita) kA 'akSara' zabda klkttaa| azoka iMskRpzanama iMDikerUma, hulza, laMDana / azoka iMskRpzanama iMDikerUma, kaniMghama klkttaa| gupta iMskRpzanama, je0 epha0 phlITa.. klkttaa| azoka kI dharmalipiyAM, aojhA, zyAmasundara dAsa kaashii| priyadarzI prazastayaH, ma0ma0 rAmAvatAra zarmA pttnaa| selekTa iMskRpzansa, DI0 sI0 sarakAra klkttaa| kalacurI iMskRpzansa, vI0vI0 mirAzI uTakamaNDapa ka : anya prakAra ke lekha : tAmra, roNya, suvarNa, kAMsya Adi ke patra bhI aise hI kAmoM meM pAte haiM jaise zilAlekha Ate haiM / ye dhAtupatra eka vizeSa upayoga meM bhI lAye jAte haiN| vaha hai kisI ke sammAna meM 'prazasti' lekhana / yaha prathA to aAdhunika yuga meM bhI pracalita hai| kaI saMsthAnoM ne viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke sammAna meM unakI yazaHprazasti khudavAkara tAmrapatrAdi bheMTa kiye haiN| 1. zAstrI. udayazaMkara (paM0)-thilA-khekhA aura unakA vAcana, bhAratIya sAhitya (janavarI, 1959), pR. 132-1341 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #201
172/pANDulipi-vijJAna patra-ciTThI patrI : yoM to sabhI vyaktiyoM kI likhI ciTThI-patrI ko pANDulipi yA hastalekha mAnA jA sakatA hai, para pANDulipikAroM kI dRSTi se kisI na kisI aitihAsika mahattva kI ciTThIpatrI ko hI pANDulipyAgAroM meM sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai ye patra kaI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM, yathA, rAjakIya vyavahAra ke patra : ye patra paraspara rAjakIya uddezya se likhe jAte haiM / inase tatkAlIna rAjakIya dRSTi aura manovRtti para prabhAva par3atA hai, aura aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA bhI inameM ullekha raha sakatA hai, tathA ye svayaM kinhIM rAjakIya ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa bana sakate haiN| -: rAjakIya vyaktiyoM ke nijI aura gharelU patrA ina patroM se una vyaktiyoM kI nijI aura svayaM tathA nAte-rizte sambandhI vArtA para prakAzaH par3atA hai| kabhI-kabhI ye rAjakIya ghaTanAoM kI mahattvapUrNa pRSThabhUmi yA bhUmikA bhI prastuta kara sakate haiN| ina patroM kA eka varga apanI patnI yA premikA ko likhe gaye yA unase mile patroM kA bhI ho sakatA hai| inameM eka varga una pathoM kA ho sakatA hai jinase gharelU samasyAoM para prakAza par3atA ho / nimnalikhita prakAra ke patra bhI saMgrahaNIya ho sakate haiM :sAhityakAroM-kalAkAroM ke patra bar3I-bar3I pharmoM ke patra saphala vyApAriyoM ke vyAvasAyika patra saphala vyApAriyoM ke nijI patra rAjanetAoM tathA anya mahAn prAtmAoM ke patra, sArvajanika va nijI isI prakAra anya koTi ke mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika-patra bhI pANDulipi kI koTi meM rakhe jA sakate haiN| kucha adbhuta lekha : kauzala dikhAne ke lie aise lekha bhI likhe gaye haiM jo sIpa, hAthIdAMta, cAvala tathA anya aise hI padArthoM para hoM / vastutaH ye 'adbhutAlaya' (Museum) meM rakhane kI vastue~ haiN| para pANDulipi ke kSetra meM to parigaNanIya haiM hii| miTTI, cInI yA dhAtuoM ke vividha patroM para aMkita koI lekha, jo choTA yA 2-4 akSaroM kA hI kyoM na ho, pANDulipi mAnA jAyegAM / isI prakAra vividha sikke bhI jina para kAI abhiprAya yA lekha yA vRtta (Legend) aMkita haiM, pANDulipi haiN| miTTI ke khilaune yA sA~ce bhI jinameM koI vRtta aMkita ho, pAMDulipi hai / patthara, dhAtu yA anya prakAra kI ve mUrtiyAM jina para lekha hai, pAMDulipi mAnI jaayeNge| aise hI vastrAbhUSaNa, aMgUThiyA~, parde, paTa-kathA ke paTa, jina para lipi meM kucha ho / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kisI bhI prakAra ke 'lipyAsana' (lipi kA pAsana) para lipi-racanA pAMDulipi kI koTi meM aayegii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #202
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra 173 upasaMhAra pANDulipi ke kitane hI prakAroM kI vistRta carcA Upara kI gayI hai| inameM natthiyoM evaM ciTThI-patriyoM kA vistRta vivecana nahIM kiyA gyaa| inakA vivecana Adhunika pANDulipi pustakAlayoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| kintu yaha viSaya itanA vizad bhI hai ki prastuta pustaka ke dUsare khaNDa ko janma de sakatA hai| ___yahA~ taka jitanA viSaya carcita huA hai, utanA svayameva eka pUre vijJAna kA eka pUrA pakSa prastuta kara detA hai / ataH itanI carcA hI isa adhyAya ke lie paryApta pratIta hotI hai| 100 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #203
adhyAya 5 lipi-samasyA mahattva : pANDulipi-vijJAna meM lipi kA bahuta mahattva hai| lipi ke kAraNa hI koI cihnita vastu hastalekha yA pANDulipi kahalAtI hai / 'lipi' kisI bhASA ko cihnoM meM bAMdhakara dRzya kora pAThya banA detI hai| isase bhASA kA vaha rUpa surakSita hokara sahasrAbdiyoM bAda taka pahaMcatA hai jo usa dina thA jisa dina vaha lipibaddha kiyA gayA / vizva meM kitanI hI bhASAeM haiM, aura kitanI hI lipiyAM haiN| pANDulipi-vijJAna ke adhyetA ke lie aura pANDulipi-vijJAna-vid banane vAloM ke samakSa kitanI hI lipiyoM meM likhI gayI pANDulipiyA~ prastuta ho sakatI haiM / pustaka kI antaraMga jAnakArI ke lie una pustakoM kI lipiyoM kA kucha jJAna apekSita hai / vastutaH viziSTa lipi kA jJAna utanA Avazyaka nahIM jitanA usa vaijJAnika vidhi kA jJAna apekSita hai jisase kisI bhI lipi kI prakRti aura pravRtti kA patA calatA hai / isa jJAna se hama viziSTa lipi kI prakRti aura pravRtti jAnakara adhyetA ke lie apekSita pANDulipi kA antaraMga paricaya de sakate haiM / ataH lipi kA mahattva hai, kisI vizeSa yUga yA kAla ke vizeSa dina kI bhASA ke rUpa ko pAThya banAne ke lie surakSita karane kI dRSTi se evaM isalie bhI ki isI ke mAdhyama se pANDulipi-vijJAnArthI vaijJAnika vidhi se pustaka ke antaraMga kA apekSita paricaya nikAla sakatA hai, ataH Aja bhI lipi kA mahattva nirvivAda hai, vaha cAhe purAnI se purAnI ho yA arvAcIna / lipiyA~ : vizva meM kitanI hI bhASAe~ haiM aura kitanI hI lipiyA~ haiM / bhASA kA janma lipi se pahale hotA hai, lipi kA janma bahuta bAda meM hotA hai| kyoMki lipi kA sambandha cihnoM se hai, cihna 'akSara' yA 'alphAbeTa' kahe jAte haiN| ye bhASA kI kisI dhvani ke cihna hote haiM / ataH lipi ke janma se pUrva bhASA-bhASiyoM ko bhASA ke vizleSaNa meM yaha yogyatA prApta ho jAnI cAhiye ki ve jAna sake ki bhASA meM aisI kula dhvaniyAM kitanI haiM jinase bhASA ke sabhI zabdoM kA nirmANa ho sakatA hai / bhASA kA janma vAkya rUpa meM hotA hai / vizleSaka buddhi kA vikAsa hone para bhASA ko alaga-alaga avayavoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai / una avayavoM meM phira zabdoM ko pahacAnA jAtA hai| zabdoM ko pahacAna sakane kI kSamatA vizleSaka-buddhi ke aura adhika vikasita hone kA pariNAma hotI hai| 'zabda' artha se jur3e rahakara hI bhASA kA avayava banate haiM / saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke vikAsa se 'bhASA' naye artha, nayI zakti aura kSamatA tathA nayA rUpAMtaraNa bhI prApta karatI haiM / saMzodhana, parivarddhana, Agama, lopa aura viparyaya kI sahaja prakriyAoM se bhASA dina-ba-dina kucha se kucha hotI calatI hai / isa prakriyA meM usake zabdoM meM bhI parivartana pAte haiM, tadnukUla artha-vikAra bhI prastuta hote haiM / aba 'zabda' kA mahattva ho uThatA hai| zabda kI ikAiyoM se unake 'dhvani-tattva' taka sahaja hI pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / yaha Age kA vikAsa hai| dhvaniyoM ke vizleSaNa se kisI bhASA kI AdhArabhUta dhvaniyoM kA jJAna mila sakatA hai / isa caraNa para pAkara hI 'dhvani' (zravya) ko dRzya banAne ke lie cihna kI parikalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| bhASA bolanA Ane para apane samasta abhiprAya ko vyakti eka aise vAkya meM bolatA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #204
lipi-samasyA/175 hai jisake avayavoM meM vaha antara nahIM karatA hotA hai-yathA, vaha kahatA hai (i) "maiMkhAnAkhAtAhU~" yaha pUrA vAkya usake lie eka ikAI hai| phira use jJAna hotA hai avayavoM kaa| yahA~ pahale vikAsa ke isa stara para do avayava hI ho sakate haiM, (i) 'maiM' tathA (ii) khAnA khAtA hai| isa prakAra use bhASA meM do avayava milate haiM-aba vaha anya avayavoM ko bhI pahacAna sakatA hai / ina avayavoM ke bAda vaha zabdoM para pahu~catA hai, kyoMki jaise vaha apane lie 'maiM' ko alaga kara sakA, vaise hI vaha khAdya padArtha ke lie 'khAnA' zabda ko bhI alaga kara sakA-aba vaha jAna gayA ki maiMne cAra zabdoM se yaha vAkya banAyA thA ___1 2 3 4 (iii) maiM khAnA khAtA hU~ sAMskRtika vikAsa se usameM yaha cetanA AtI hai ki ye zabda dhvani-samuccaya se bane haiM / inameM dhvani-ikAiyoM ko alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai-yahIM dhvani meM svara aura vyaMjana kA bheda bhI samajha meM AtA hai / aba vaha vikAsa ke usa caraNa para pahu~ca gayA hai jahA~ apanI eka-eka dhvani ke lie eka-eka cihna nirdhArita kara varNamAlA khar3I kara sakatA hai / yahIM lipi kA janma hotA hai : hamArI lipi meM ukta vAkya ke lipi cihna ye hoMge :-maiM-ma+ + /khAnA-kha++na+T/khAtA-kha+T+ta+/hU~=ha + + / ye lipi cihna bhI hameM lipi vikAsa ke kAraNa isa rUpa meM mile haiN| citra-lipi : kintu varNamAlA se bhI pahale lekhana yA lipi kA AdhAra citra the| citroM ke mAdhyama se manuSya apanI bAta dhvani-nirbhara varNamAlA se pahale se kahane lagA thaa| citroM kA saMbaMdha dhvani yA zabdoM se nahIM varan vastu se hotA hai / citra vastu kI pratikRti hote haiM / bhASAvaha bhASA jisakA mala bhASaNa yA vANI hai, isa bhASA se pUrva manuSya 'saMketoM se kAma letA thA / saMketa kA artha hai ki manuSya jisa vastu ko cAhatA hai usakA saMketa kara usake upayoga ko bhI saMketa se batAtA hai-yadi vaha laDDU khAnA cAhatA hai to eka hAtha kI pA~coM uMgaliyoM ke poroM ko Upara aise milAyegA ki hathelI aura aMguliyoM ke bIca aisA gola sthAna ho jAye ki usameM eka laDaDU samA sake, phira use vaha muMha se lagAyegA--isakA artha hogA-'maiM laDDU khaauuNgaa'| isameM eka prakAra se citra prakriyA hI kArya kara rahI hai / hAtha kI AkRti laDDU kA citra hai, use mukha se lagAnA laDDU ko muMha meM rakhane kA citra hai / gUgoM kI bhASA citra-saMketa-bhASA hai| manuSya ne citra banAnA to Adima se Adima sthiti meM hI sIkha liyA thaa| pratIta yaha hotA hai ki una citroM kA vaha pAnuSThAnika Tone ke rUpa meM prayoga karatA thA / phira vaha citra banAkara anya bAteM bhI darzita karane lgaa| isa prayatna se citralipi kA prArambha huA / isa prakAra se dekhA jAye to citralipi kA AdhAra vANI, bolI yA bhASA nahIM, vastubimba hI hai| vastubimba ko rekhAoM meM anukUla karane se citra banatA hai / Adima avasthA meM ye rekhAcitra sthUla pratIka ke rUpa meM the| usane dekhA ki manuSya ke sabase Upara gola sira hai, ataeva usakI anukRti ke lie usakI dRSTi se cihna eka vRtta 0 hogA / yaha sira garadana se jur3A huA hai, garadana kandhe se jur3I hai / yaha use eka ' choTI sIdhI khar3I rekhA-sI lagI / kandhA bhI use par3I sIdhI rekhA ke samAna dikhAyI diyA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #205
176/pANDulipi-vijJAna '-' / isake donoM choroM para do hAtha jo kuhanI se mur3a 5, sakate haiM aura chora para pAMca aMguliyA~ arthAt prastuta citr| dhar3a ko usane do rekhAoM se bane DamarU ke rUpa meM samajhA kyoMki kamara patalI, vakSa aura uru caur3e dhar3a / kabhI-kabhI dhar3a ko vargAkAra yA AyatAkAra bhI bnaayaa| nIce paira Y aura ttaaNgeN| inheM banAne ke lie do Ar3I khar3I rekhAe~ //' aura eka dizA meM mur3e paira kI dyotaka do par3I rekhAe~'-' '-' / mAnava ke bimba kA rekhAnukRti ne yaha rUpa liyA : (citra-1) yaha rekhA-citra to prakriyA ko samajhAne ke lie hai yaha rekhAMkana kI prakriyA hai jisameM citra banAne vAle kI kuzalatA se rUpa meM bhinnatA A sakatI hai para jo bhI rUpa hogA, vaha spaSTataH usa vastu kA bimba prastuta karegA, yathA RA (citra-2) Adima mAnava ke banAye citra haiM / vargAkAra char3a dRSTavya hai| 3 * ***UUXXy VhUTUBave to wrt komoti * * * * * (citra-3) citralipi meM manuSya ke vividha rekhAMkana sindhughATI kI muharoM kI chApoM se nIce diye gae haiM / ye vAstavika lipi-cihna haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #206
lipi-samasyA: 177 bhAgate kutte ko batAne ke lie vaha kutte ko bhAganaM kI mudrA meM rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna kregaa| bhale hI usake pAsa abhI kutte ke lie vANI yA bhASA meM koI zabda na ho, na bhAgane ke lie hI koI zabda ho / citralipi isa prakAra bhASA ke janma se pUrva kI saMketa lipi kI sthAnApanna ho sakatI thii| citralipi ke lie kevala vastuvimba apekSita thaa| itihAsa se bhI hameM yahI vidita hotA hai ki citralipi hI sabase prAcIna lipi hai| AnuSThAnika Tone ke citroM se Age bar3hakara usane citralipi ke mAdhyama se vastubimboM kI rekhAkRtiyAM paidA kI tathA prAnuSThAnika uttarAdhikAra meM devI-devatAoM ke kAlpanika mUrtarUpoM yA bimboM kI anukRtiyoM kA upayoga bhI kiyaa| mitra kI citralipi isakA eka acchA udAharaNa hai| isake sambandha meM "enasAiklopIDiyA oNva rilIjana eNDa aithiksa" meM ullekha hai ki citramaya pratyAbhivyakti apane Apa meM abhivyakti kI samasta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane meM asamartha thii| abhivyakti kI yaha pratibandhatA vicAra aura bhASA ke dvArA prastuta kI gaI thii| ina prativandhatAoM ke kAraNa bahuta pahale hI citramaya pratyAbhivyakti do bhinna zAkhAoM meM ba~Ta gayI / eka sajAvaTI kalA aura dUsarI citrAkSarika lekhana (jarnala grAva IjipTa, AkyolAjI, ii [19 15), 71-75) / ina donoM zAkhAmoM kA vikAsa sAthasAtha hotA gayA aura eka-dUsare se milakara bhI nirantara vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotI gaI / kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI huA ki eka ne dUsare ke kSetra meM bhI hastakSepa kiyA 11 . isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki do prakriyAmAM ke yoga se misra kI prAcIna lipi apanA rUpa grahaNa kara rahI thI / citroM se vikasita hokara dhvani ke pratIka ke rUpa meM lipi kA vikAsa eka jaTila prakriyA kA hI pariNAma ho sakatA hai / kAraNa spaSTa hai ki 'citra' dRzya vastubimba se jur3e hote haiM / ina vastubimboM kA dhvani se sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA hai / vastu ko nAma dena para citra dhvani se jur3atA hai| para nAma kaI dhvaniyoM se yukta hotA hai, idhara dhvani-samuccaya meM se eka dhvani-vizeSa ko usa vastubimba ke citra se jor3anA aura citra kA vikAsa varNa (letter) ke rUpa meM honA,-itanA ho cukane para hI dhvani aura lipi-varNa paraspara sambaddha ho sakege aura 'lipi-varNa' Age calakara .mAtra eka dhvani kA pratIka ho skegaa| yaha to isa vikAsa kA bahuta sthUla vivaraNa hai| vastutaH ina prakriyAoM ke aMtaraMga meM kitanI hI jaTilatAe~ guMthI rahatI haiN| para mAja to sabhI bhASAe~ 'dhvani mUlaka' haiM, kintu pAMDulipi vaijJAnika ko to kabhI prAcInatama lipi kA yA kisI lipi ke pUrva rUpa kA sAmanA karanA par3a sakatA hai| usake sAmana misra ke pepIrasa pA sakate haiN| sAtha hI bhArata meM 'sindhu-lipi' ke lekha pAnA to bar3A bAta nahIM / sindhu kI eka vizeSa sabhyatA aura saMskRti svIkAra kI gayI hai / naye anusandhAnoM se 'sindhu-sabhyatA' ke sthala rAjasthAna evaM madhya bhArata tathA anyatra bhI mila raha hai ora unakI vipi ke lekha bhI mila rahe haiM / to ye lekha kabhI bhI pAMDulipi-vaijJAnika 1. Tho inability of pictorial represenation, as such, to meet all the exigencies of expressibn imposed by thought and language early led to its bifurcation into inu two separate ranches of illustrative art and hieroglyphic writing (Journal oi Eyyit Arecholuyy, 11. (1915) 71-75). There two branches persued their Qeve foment pari passu and in constant combination with one another, and it not seldom happened that one of them encroached upon the domain of its feliow........." -Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (Vol.IX), p.787. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #207
178/pANDulipi-vijJAna ke sAmane A sakate haiM / ataH yaha apekSita hai ki vaha vizva meM lipiyoM ke udbhava va vikAsa ke siddhAntoM se paricita ho / citra Adima mAnava ne pahale citra banAe / citra usane guphAoM meM banAe / guphAoM meM ye citra aMdhere sthAna meM guphA kI bhitti para banAye hue milate haiM / ina citroM meM vastu-bimba ko rekhAoM ke dvArA aMkita kiyA gayA hai| Adima mAnava ke ye citra 20,0000 I. pU. se 4000 I. pU. ke bIca ke milate haiN| ina citroM ko banAte-banAte usameM yaha bhAva vikasita huA hogA ki ina citroM se vaha apanI kisI bAta ko surakSita rakha sakatA hai aura ye citra paraspara kisI bAta ke sampreSaNa ke upayoga meM lie jA sakate haiN| isa bodha ke sAtha citroM kA upayoga karane se hI ve citra 'lipi' kA kAma dene lage / yaha lipi 'bimba-lipi' thii| kaI vastu-bimboM ko eka krama meM prastuta kara, unase unameM nihita gati yA kArya se bhAva ko vyakta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / yaha vimba-lipi citralipi kI AdhArabhUmi mAnI jA sakatI hai| ___ jaba mAnava bahuta-sI bAteM kahanA cAhatA thA, vaha unheM usa mAdhyama se prastuta karanA cAhatA thA, jo citroM ke AbhAsa se use mila gayA thaa| isakA pariNAma yaha humA ki vastu-bimba choTe banAe jAne lage, jisase bahuta-se bimba-citra sImita sthAna meM A sakeM aura usakI vistRta bAta ko prastuta kara skeN| ataH lekhana aura lipi ke lie prathama caraNa hai 1. bimba-graMkana dekhie---ye citra dalA greja : jaMgalI baila (prastara yuga) da fairly done anthropo Meaning o' 1. yaha citra 30,000 se 10,000 I.pU. ke haiM | Much research in this fteld has been done in recent years, and we now have a fairly definite knowledge of the art of some of the most primitive of mon known to the anthropologist (from 30,000 to 10,000 B.C.). -The Meaning of Art, p. 53. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #208
lipi-samasyA/17? buzamaina-citra, do zailIbaddha hiraNa, braNDavarga, dakSiNI-pazcimI aphrIkA T (AZ0 mah . metaus.. AA 'baniyAverI guphA' (pacamar3hI-kSetra) meM go-paMkti ke Upara aMkita svAstika pUjA SP ARATRA REAust SAN . RO For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #209
180/pANDulipi-vijJAna aura dUsarA caraNa hai usase saMpreSaNa kA kAma lenA / ise hama 2. biba-lipi kA nAma de sakate haiN| isa citra se spaSTa hai ki svastika pUjA aura chatra-arpaNa ke pUre zAntimaya bhAva ko preSita karane ke lie, pUjA-bhAva meM pazuoM ke mAdara ke samAveza kI kathA ko aura pUjAvidhAna ko hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie citra-lekhaka isa citra ke dvArA bimboM se saMpreSita karanA cAhatA hai / ataH yaha lipi kA kAma kara uThA hai / yaha lipi dhvaniyoM kI nahIM, bimboM kI hai| chatradhArI manuSya kitane hI haiM, ataH ve laghu prAkRtiyoM meM haiN| 'bimba dhIre-dhIre rekhAkAroM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho uThatA hai / taba hama ise 3. rekhAkAra citra-lipi kaha sakate haiN| sahanartana, jambUdvIpa (pacamar3hI) ArohI nartaka, kuppagallu (belArI, rAyacUra, da0 bhA0 ) 4-taba, pAge bimba-lipi aura rekhAcitra-lipi ke saMyoga se 'citralipi' prastuta 1.11.11 airijonA (amerikA) meM prApta citra lipi, jo prAcInatama lipiyoM meM se eka hai] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #210
ITA GFINA 10216 EPIER AVY FI ri For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #211
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/181 'citralipi' meM prAyaH rekhAkAroM meM choTe-choTe citroM dvArA saMpraSaNa siddha hotA thaa| isI lipi kA nAma 'himaroglAphika' lipi hai| yaha misa kI purAtana lipi hai| kailIphoniyA aura erijonA meM bhI citra lipi milI hai| ye bhI prAcInatama lipiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiN| aiskimo jAti aura amerikana iNDiyanoM kI citra-lipi ko hI sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| misra ke alAvA hiTTAiTa, mAyA (maya ?) aura prAcIna krITa meM bhI citralipi yA hiaroglApha mile haiN| higraroglApha kA artha misrI-bhASA meM hotA hai, pavitra aMkana', ise yUnAniyoM ne 'daivI zabda' (Gods Words) bhI kahA hai / spaSTa hai ki isa lipi vA upayoga misra meM dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM hotA rahA hogaa| isa citralipi kA misra meM udaya 3100 I0 pU0 se pahale hunA hogaa| pahale vividha vastu-bimboM ke rekhAkAroM ko ekasAtha aise saMjoyA gayA ki usakA 'kathya-dRzya' pAThaka kI samajha meM pA jAya / isameM jana-jana dvArA mAnya bimba lie gaye / ye citralipi kabhI-kabhI bahuta nijI udbhAvanA bhI ho sakatI hai, isa sthiti meM aise citra prastuta kiye jAte haiM jinako prAkRtiyA~ sarvamAnya nahIM hotii| phira bhI, isa bhASA meM adhikAMza bahumAnya bimba prAkRtiyoM kA upayoga hI hotA hai / inhIM ke kAraNa yaha lipi isa rUpa meM Age vikAsa kara skii| pahalI sthiti meM eka bimba-citra usa vastu kA hI jJAna karAtA thA, jaise 'O' yaha bimbAkAra sUrya ke lie gRhIta hunA / manuSya eka ghuTane para baiThA, eka ghuTanA Upara uThA dupA aura muMha para lagA huaA hAtha-isa prAkRti kA artha thA 'bhojana krnaa| . isakA vikAsa isa rUpa meM huA ki vahI pahalA citra eka vastu-bimba kA artha na dekara usI se sambaddha anya artha bhI dene lagA-jaise 0 isakA artha kevala sUrya nahIM rahA, varan sUrya kA 'devatA re (Re) yA rA (Ra) bhI ho gayA aura 'dina' bhii| isI prakAra 'mukha para hAtha' vAlI mAnavAkRti kA eka artha 'cupa' bhI humA / spaSTa hai ki isa vikAsa meM pUrvAkRti bastubimba ke yathArtha se haTakara pratIka kA rUpa grahaNa kara rahe vidita hote haiN| ve bAda meM isa citralipi ke citrAkAra dhvani-pratIkoM kA kAma dene lge| isa avasthA meM citroM ke mAdhyama se manuSya jo bhI abhivyakta kara rahA thA, vaha bhASA kA hI pratirUpa thaa| pratyeka citrakAra ke lie eka bimba-citra eka zabda thA / kucha citrAkAra jaba vyaMjana-dhvaniyoM ke pratIka bane to ve usa zabda ke prathamAkSara kI dhvani se jur3e rahe / jaise 'zRGgIsarpa' ke lie zabda thA 'pata' (ft) / isakI prathama dhvani 'pha' se yaha 'zRGgIsarpa' jur3A rahA / arthAt 'zRGgIsarpa' aba 'pha' vyaMjana ke lie 'varNa' kA kAma kara uThA thaa| isa prakAra hamane dekhA ki hama vikAsa meM 'lipi', jisakA artha hai 'dhvani-pratIka' vAlI varNamAlA, aisI lipi kI ora hama do kadama Age bar3he / 5. pratIka citrAkRti-citralipi meM Aye sthUla citra jaba pratIka hokara usa mUla bimbAkRti dvArA usase sambandhita dUsare artha bhI dene lage taba vaha pratIka avasthA meM pahu~cI / 1. zRgIsarpa-sIMga vAlA sApa / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #212
182/pANDulipi-vijJAna -: aba citralipi ke citra kevala citra hI nahIM rahe, ve pratIka ho ge| ise bhAvamUlaka yA (diographic) bhI kahA jAtA hai / ye hI Age vikasita hokara-- . .:. 6. dhvani pratIka ho gae / aba 'zRGgIsarpa', zRGgIsarpa nahIM rahA vaha varNamAlA kI vyaMjana dhvani 'pha' kA cihna ho gayA / isa prakAra citralipi dhvani kI varNamAlA kI ora agrasara huii| kintu, citra dhvani-pratIka bane, apane citra rUpa ko usane phira bhI kucha kAla taka surakSita rakhA, para ava to ve lipi kA rUpa grahaNa kara rahe the / ataeva adhikAdhika upayoga meM Ane ke kAraNa unakI AkRti meM bhI vikAsa huA / aba eka madhyAvasthA AyI / isameM citra bhI rahe, aura citroM se vikasita ve dhvani-pratIka bhI sammilita hue jo citroM se varNacihnoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho rahe the / isI varga meM vaha bhASA bhI AtI hai jisameM varNamAlA na hokara zabda-mAlA hotI hai, aura unhIM se apane vividha bhAvoM ko vyakta karane ke lie zabda-rUpa banAye jAte haiN| 7. aba vaha vikasita sthiti prAyI jahA~ 'citra' pIche chUTa gaye, dhvani-cihna mAtra kAma meM Ane lage / aba lipi pUrNataH dhvani-mUlaka ho gyii| dhvanimUlaka varNamAlA ke do bheda hote haiM : eka-akSarAtmaka (Syllable) dUsarI-varNAtmaka (alphabetic) devanAgarI varNamAlA akSarAtmaka hai kyoMki 'ka' = 'ka+a', ataH yaha akSara yA Syllabic hai / romana varNamAlA varNAtmaka hai kyoMki K = k jo varNa yA (alphabet) hai / hindI kI 'ka' dhvani ke lie romana varNa K meM a milAnA hotA hai : ka = Ka | isameM 'a' =a| Aja vizva meM hameM tIna prakAra kI lipiyAM milatI haiM eka-ve jinameM eka lipi-cihna eka zabda kA dyotaka hotA hai / - yaha citra lipi kA avazeSa hai yA pratisthAnApanna hai| dUsarI-ve, jo akSarAtmaka haiM, tathA tIsarI-ve jo varNAtmaka haiM / para, aisA nahIM mAna lenA cAhiye ki citralipi kA upayoga aba nahIM hotaa| amarIkA kI eka Adima jAti kI citralipi kA eka udAharaNa DaoN0 bholAnAtha tivArI ne apane grantha meM diyA hai HOO6 citra lipi (reDa iMDiyana saradAra kA saMyukta rASTra amerikA ke rASTrapati ke nAma patra) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #213
pANDulipiyoM ke prakAra/183 hamane yahA~ citra se calakara dhvani-mUlaka lipiyoM taka ke vikAsa kI carcA atyanta sakSepa meM aura atyanta sthUla rUpa meM kI hai, aisA hamane yaha jAnane ke lie kiyA hai ki lipivikAsa kI kauna-kaunasI sthitiyA~ rahI haiM aura unase lipi vikAsa ke kauna-kaunase sthUla siddhAntoM kA jJAna hotA hai / vastutaH pAMDulipi-vaijJAnika ke lie lipi-vikAsa ko jAnanA kevala isIlie apekSita hai ki isase vividha lipiyoM se paricita hone meM aura kisI bhI lipi ke udghATana meM parokSa yA aparokSa rUpa se sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se kucha aura bAteM bhI jAnane yogya haiN| yathA, eka yaha ki lipiyA~ sAmAnyataH tIna rUpoM meM likhI jAtI haiM--(1) dAyeM se bAyIM ora-jaise phArasI lipi (2) bAyeM se dAyIM ora jaise, devanAgarI yA romana, aura (3) Upara se nIce kI orayathA, 'cInI' lipi / kisI bhI ajJAta lipi ke udghATana (decipher) yA paThana ke lie yaha jAnanA prathama AvazyakatA hai ki vaha lipi dAyeM se bAyeM, bAyeM se dAyeM yA Upara se nIce kI ora likhI gayI hai / vastutaH yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki prAcIna kAla meM misra kI citralipi meM, aura bhArata kI prAcIna devanAgarI meM hameM dAyeM se bAyeM aura bAyeM se dAyeM donoM rUpoM meM likhane ke udAharaNa mila jAte haiM, aura ekAdha aise bhI ki eka paMkti bAyeM se dAyeM aura dUsarI dAyeM se bAyeM ho, para Aja yaha dvata kisI bhI lipi meM zeSa nahIM raha gayA / hA~, prAcInakAla kI lipi ko par3hane ke lie lipi ke isa rUpa ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| ajJAta lipiyoM ko par3hane (udghATana) ke prayAsa : hama yaha jAnate haiM ki hindI kI varNamAlA yA lipi kA vikAsa azoka kAlIna lipi se huA / Aja bhArata ke purAtattvavettAoM meM aise lipi-jJAtA haiM jo bhArata meM prApta sabhI lipiyoM ko par3ha sakate haiM / hA~, "sindhu-lipi' aba bhI apavAda hai / ise par3hane ke kitane hI prayala hue haiM para sabhI sujhAva ke yA prastAva ke rUpa meM hI haiN| kintu eka samaya aisA bhI thA ki prAcIna lipiyoM ko par3hane vAlA koI thA hI nhiiN| phirojazAha tugalaka ne eka vizAla azoka-stambha meraTha se dillI maMgavAyA ki usa para khudA lekha par3havAyA jA sake / para koI use nahIM par3ha sakA / vaha usane eka bhavana para khar3A kara diyaa| ina stambhoM ko kahIM-kahIM lAlabujhakkakar3a loga bhIma kA gillI-DaNDA Adi bhI batA dete the / lipiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha andhakAra-yuga thaa| phira Adhunika yuga meM bhArata kI lipiyoM ko kaise par3hA jA sakA / isakA rocaka vivaraNa muni jinavijaya jI ke zabdoM meM par3hiye "isa prakAra bibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA bhArata ke bhinna-bhinna prAntoM viSaya jJAna prApta humA aura bahuta-sI vastue~ jAnakArI meM AI parantu prAcIna lipiyoM kA spaSTa jJAna abhI taka nahIM ho pAyA thaa| prataH bhArata ke prAcIna aitihAsika jJAna para abhI bhI andhakAra kA AvaraNa jyoM kA tyoM par3A huA thA / bahula-se vidvAnoM ne aneka purAtana sikkoM aura zilAlekhoM kA saMgraha to avazya kara liyA thA parantu prAcIna lipi-jJAna ke abhAva meM ve usa samaya taka usakA koI upayoga na kara sake the / bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna itihAsa ke prathama adhyAya kA vAstavika rUpa meM prArambha 1837 I0 meM hotA hai / isa varSa meM eka navIna nakSatra kA udaya huA jisase bhAratIya purAtattva vidyA para par3A huA pardA dUra huA / aiziyATika sosAiTI kI sthApanA ke dina se For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #214
184:pANDulipi-vijJAna 18.34 I0 taka purAtattva sambandhI vAstavika kAma bahuta thor3A ho pAyA thA, usa samaya taka kevala kucha prAcIna granthoM kA anuvAda hI hotA rahA thaa| bhAratIya itihAsa ke eka mAtra sacce sAdhana rUpa zilAlekhoM sambandhI kArya to usa samaya taka nahIM ke barAbara hI huA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki prAcIna lipi kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta honA abhI bAkI thaa| ___ Upara batalAyA jA cukA hai ki saMskRta bhASA sIkhane vAlA pahalA aMgreja cArlsa vilkins thA aura sabase pahale zilAlekha kI ora dhyAna dene vAlA bhI vahI thaa| usI ne 1785 I0 meM dInAjapura jile meM badAla nAmaka sthAna ke pAsa prApta hone vAle stambha para utkIrNa lekha ko par3hA thaa| yaha lekha baMgAla ke rAjA nArAyaNalAla ke samaya meM likhA gayA thaa| usI varSa meM, rAdhAkAMta zarmA nAmaka eka bhAratIya paNDita ne TomarA vAle dillI ke azoka stambha para khude hue ajamera ke cauhAna rAjA analadeva ke putra bIsaladeva ke tIna lekhoM ko pddh'aa| inameM se eka lekha kI bhitti 'saMvat 1220 baizAkha sudI 5' hai| ina lekhoM kI lipi bahuta purAnI na hone ke kAraNa saralatA se par3hI jA sakI thii| parantu usI varSa je0 eca0 heriMgTana ne buddhagayA ke pAsa vAlI nAgArjunI aura barAbara ko guphAgoM meM se maukharI vaMza ke rAjA ananta varmA ke tIna lekha nikalavAye jo Upara vaNita lekhoM kI apekSA bahuta prAcIna the| inakI lipi bahuta aMzoM meM guptakAlIna lipi se milatI huI hone ke kAraNa unakA par3hA jAnA ati kaThina thA / parantu, cAsaM vilkins ne cAra varSa taka kaThina parizrama karake una tInoM lekhoM ko par3ha liyA aura sAtha hI usane gupta lipi kI lagabhaga prAdhI varNamAlA kA bhI jJAna prApta kara liyaa| guptalipi kyA hai, isakA thor3A sA paricaya yahA~ karA detA huuN| Ajakala jisa lipi ko hama devanAgarI (athavA bAlabodha) lipi kahate haiM usakA sAdhAraNatayA tIna avasthAoM meM se prasAra huA hai / vartamAna kAla meM pracalita prAkRti se pahale kI AkRti kuTila lipi ke nAma se kahI jAtI thii| isa AkRti kA samaya sAdhAraNatayA IsvIya san ko chaThI zatAbdI se 10vIM zatAbdI taka mAnA jAtA hai| isase pUrva kI AkRti gupta-lipi . ke nAma se kahI jAtI hai / sAmAnyataH isakA samaya gupta-vaMza kA. rAjasvakAla ginA jAtA hai / azoka ke lekha isI lipi meM likhe gaye haiN| isakA samaya IsA pUrva 500 se 350 I. ta . mAnA jAtA hai| san 1818 I0 se 1823 I0 taka karnala jemsa TaoNDa ne rAjapUtAnA ke itihAsa kI zAdha-khoja karate hue rAjapUtAnA aura kAThiyAvAr3A meM bahuta-se prAcIna lekhoM kA patA lgaayaa| inameM se sAtavIM zatAbdI se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka ke aneka lekhoM ko to ukta kanala bhAhaba ka guru yati jJAnacandra ne par3hA thA / ina lekhoM kA sArAMza athavA anuvAda TaoNDa sAhava ne apane rAjasthAna' nAmaka prasiddha itihAsa meM diyA hai| __san 1828 I0 meM bI0 jI0 veviMgTana ne mAgallapura ke kitane hI saMskRta aura tAmila lekhoM ko par3hakara unakI varNamAlA taiyAra kii| isI prakAra vAlTara iliyaTa ne prAcIna kanAr3I akSaroM kA jJAna prApta karake usakI vistRta varNamAlA prakAzita kii| IsvI san 1834 meM kepTena TraoNyara ne prayAga ke azoka stambha para utkIrA guptavaMzI rAjA samudragupta ke lekha kA bahuta-sA aMza par3hA aura phira usI vaMza meM DA0 line 1.. isakA vAstavika nAma hai-enalsa eNDa eNTIkviTIja oNpha rAjasthAna / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #215
"lipi-samasyA/185 usa sampUrNa lekha ko par3hakara 1837 I0 meM bhiTArI ke stambha vAlA skandagupta kA lekha bhI par3ha liyaa| 1835 I0 meM DablyU. ema. vA~tha ne valabhI ke kitane hI dAnapatroM ko par3hA / 1837-38 I0 meM jemsa priMsepa ne dillI, kumAU~ aura airana ke stambhAM evaM amarAvatI ke stUpoM tathA giranAra ke daravAjoM para khude hue guptalipi ke bahuta-se lekhoM ko pddh'aa| sA~cI-stUpa ke candragupta vAle jisa mahattvapUrNa lekha ke sambandha meM priMsepa ne 1834 I0 meM likhA thA ki "purAtattva ke abhyAsiyoM ko abhI taka bhI isa bAta kA patA nahIM calA hai ki mA~cI ke zilAlekhoM meM kyA likhA hai / " usI viziSTa lekha ko yathArtha anuvAda sahita 1837 I0 meM prayukta karane meM vahI priMsepa sAhaba sampUrNataH saphala hue / aba, bahuta-sI lipiyoM kI Adi jananI brAhmI-lipi kI bArI AyI / guptalipi se bhI adhika prAcIna hone ke kAraNa isa lipi ko ekadama samajha lenA kaThina thaa| isa lipi ke darzana to zodhakartAoM ko 1795 I0 meM hI ho gaye the| usI varSa sara cArlsa maileTa ne elorA kI guphAoM ke kitane hI brAhmI lekhoM kI nakaleM sara viliyama jemsa ke pAsa bhejiiN| unhoMne ina nakaloM ko mejara vilphorDa ke pAsa, jo usa samaya kAzI meM the, isalie bhejA ki ve inako apanI tarapha se kisI paNDita dvArA pddh'vaaveN| pahale to unako par3hane vAlA koI paNDita nahIM milA, parantu phira eka cAlAka brAhmaNa ne kitanI hI prAcIna lipiyoM kI eka kRtrima pustaka becAre jijJAsu mejara sAhaba ko dikhalAI aura unhIM ke AdhAra para una lekhoM ko galata-salata par3ha kara khUba dakSiNA prApta kii| vilphorDa sAhaba ne usa brAhmaNa dvArA kalpita rIti se par3he hue una lekhoM para pUrNa vizvAsa kiyA aura usake samajhAne ke anusAra hI unakA aMgrejI meM bhASAntara karake sara jemsa ke pAsa bheja diyA / isa sambandha meM mejara vilphorDa ne sara jemsa ko jo patra bhejA usameM bahuta utsukatApUrvaka likhA hai ki "isa patra ke sAtha kucha lekhoM kI nakaleM unake sArAMza sahita bheja rahA huuN| pahale to maiMne ina lekhoM ke par3he jAne kI prAzA bilkula hI chor3a dI thI, kyoMki hindustAna ke isa bhAga meM (banArasa kI tarapha) purAne lekha nahIM likhate haiM, isalie unake par3hane kI kalA meM buddhi kA prayoga karane athavA unakI zodha-khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'tii| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI aura mere bahuta-se prayatna niSphala cale jAne para bhI anta meM saubhAgya se mujhe eka vRddha guru mila gayA jisane ina lekhoM ko par3hane kI kuJjI baMtAI aura prAcInakAla meM bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jo lipiyA~ pracalita thIM unake viSaya meM / eka saMskRta pustaka mere pAsa laayaa| nissandeha, yaha eka saubhAgya sUcaka zodha huI hai jo hamAre lie bhaviSya meM bahuta upayogI siddha hogii|" mejara vilphorDa kI isa 'zodha' ke viSaya meM bahuta varSoM taka kisI ko koI sandeha nahIM huyA kyoMki san 1820 I0 meM khaMDagiri ke dvAra para isI lipi meM likhe hue lekha ke sambandha meM sTaliMga ne likhA hai ki "mejara vilphorDa ne prAcIna lekhoM ko par3hane kI kuJjI eka vidvAna brAhmaNa se prApta kI aura unakI vidvattA evaM buddhi se ilorA va zAleseTa ke isI lipi meM likhe hue lekhoM ke kucha bhAga, par3he gaye / isake pazcAt dillI tathA anya sthAnoM ke aise hI lekhoM ko par3hane meM usa kujI kA koI upayoga nahIM huA, yaha zocanIya hai|" san 1833 I0 meM mi0 prinsepa ne sahI kuJjI nikaalii| isase lagabhaga eka varSa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #216
186, pANDulipi-vijJAna pUrva unhoMne bhI mejara vilphorDa kI kuJjI kA upayoga na karane kI bAbata duHkha prakaTa kiyA thA / eka zodhakartA jijJAsu vidvAna ko aisI bAta para duHkha honA svAbhAvika bhI hai / parantu usa vidvAna brAhmaNa kI batAI huI kuJjI kA adhika upayoga nahIM huA, isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra zodha-khoja ke dUsare kAmoM meM mejara vilphorDa kI zraddhA kA zrAddha karane vAle cAlAka brAhmaNa ke dhokhe meM ve A gaye isI prakAra isa viSaya meM bhI vahI bAta huI / kucha bhI huA ho, yaha to nizcita hai ki mejara vilphorDa ke nAma se kahalAne vAlI sampUrNa khoja bhramapUrNa thii| kyoMki unakA par3hA huA lekha-pATha kalpita thA aura tadanusAra usakA anuvAda bhI vaisA hI nirmUla thA-yudhiSThira aura pANDavoM ke vanavAsa evaM nirjana jaMgaloM meM paribhramaNa kI gAthAoM ko lekara aisA gar3abar3a-ghoTAlA kiyA gayA hai ki kucha samajha meM nahIM aataa| usa dhUrta brAhmaNa ke batAe hue UTapaTAMga artha kA anusaMdhAna karane ke lie vilphorDa ne aisI kalpanA kara lI thI ki pANDava apane vanavAsakAla meM kisI bhI manuSya ke saMsarga meM na Ane ke lie vacanabaddha the| isalie vidura, vyAsa Adi unake snehI sambandhiyoM ne unako sAvadhAna karane kI sUcanA dete rahane ke lie aisI yojanA kI thI ki ve jaMgaloM meM, pattharoM aura zilAoM (caTTAnoM) para thor3e-thoDe aura sAdhAraNatayA samajha meM na Ane yogya vAkya pahale hI se nizcita kI huI lipi meM saMketa rUpa se likha-likha kara apanA uddezya pUrA karate rahate the| aMgreja loga apane ko bahuta buddhimAna mAnate haiM aura haMsate-haMsate duniyA ke dUsare logoM ko Thagane kI kalA unako yAda hai parantu ve bhI eka bAra to bhAratavarSa kI svargapurI mAnI jAne vAlI kAzI ke 'vRddha guru' ke jAla meM pha~sa hI gaye, astu / eziyATika sosAiTI ke pAsa dillI aura ilAhAbAda ke stambhoM tathA khaNDagirI ke daravAjoM para ke lekhoM kI nakaleM ekatrita thIM, parantu vilphorDa sAhaba kI 'zodha' niSphala calI jAne ke kAraNa kitane hI varSoM taka unake par3hane kA koI prayatna nahIM humA / ina lekhoM ke marma ko jAnane kI utkaTa jijJAsA ko lie hue misTara bemsa priMsepa ne 1834-45 I0 meM ilAhAbAda, radhiyA aura mathimA ke stambhoM para utkIrNa lekhoM kI chApeM maMgavAyI aura unako dillI ke lekha ke sAtha rakhakara yaha jAnane kA prayatna kiyA ki unameM koI zabda eka sarIkhA hai yA nhiiN| isa prakAra una cAroM lekhoM ko pAsa-pAsa rakhane se unako turanta jJAta ho gayA ki ye cAroM lekha eka hI prakAra ke haiM / isase priMsepa kA utsAha bar3hA aura unakI jijJAsA pUrNa hone kI AzA baMdha gaI / isake pazcAt unhoMne ilAhAbAda stambha ke lekha ke bhinna-bhinna AkRti vAle akSaroM ko alaga-alaga chA~Ta liyaa| isase unako yaha bAta mAlUma ho gayI ki gupta lipi ke akSaroM kI bhAMti isameM bhI kitane hI akSaroM ke sAtha svaroM kI mAtrAoM ke bhinna-bhinna pA~ca cihna lage hue haiN| isake bAda unhoMne pA~coM cihnoM ko 1. aisI hI eka ghaTanA itihAsa meM nepoliyana ke samaya meM haI thii| usa samaya milI pharAUnoM kI lipi paDhane ke prayAsa ho rahe the| phrAnsa meM zAMpoliyo nAma kA vidavAna isa lipi ke udaghATana meM saMlagna the| isI samaya zAMpoliyoM kI eka pustaka milI jisake lekhaka ne yaha dAvA kiyA thA ki usane lipi par3hane kI kUjI dala lI hai| para vaha kujI bhI ThIka aisI hI kAlpanika aura nirAdhara thI jaisI kAzI meM 'vRddha guru' ne bhAratIya lipiyoM ke lie nikAlI thii| zApoliyoM ne usakI pola tatkAla khola dI thii| ataH vahA~ vaha chala isane samaya taka nahIM cala sakA jitane samaya taka bhArata meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #217
lipi-samasyA/187 ekatrita karake prakaTa kiyaa| isase kitane hI vidvAnoM kA ina akSaroM ke yUnAnI akSara hone sambandhI bhrama dUra ho gyaa| azoka ke lekhoM kI lipi ko dekhakara sAdhAraNatayA aMgrejI athavA grIka lipi kI bhrAnti utpanna ho jAtI hai / TaoNma korieTa nAmaka yAtrI ne azoka ke dillI vAle stambhalekha ko dekhakara ela. vhITara ko eka patra meM likhA thA ki "maiM isa deza ke dillI nAmaka nagara meM AyA hU~ ki jahA~ pahale alekjeNDara ne hindustAna ke porasa nAmaka rAjA ko harAyA thA aura apanI vijaya kI smRti meM eka vizAla stambha khar3A kiyA thA jo Aja bhI yahA~ para maujUda hai|" pAdarI eDavarDa TerI ne likhA hai ki "TaoNma korieTa ne mujhe kahA thA ki usane dillI meM grIka lekha vAlA eka stambha dekhA thA jo alekjeNDara mahAn kI smRti meM vahA~ para khar3A kiyA gayA thaa|" isa prakAra dUsare bhI kitane hI lekhakoM ne isa lekha ko grIka lekha hI mAnA thaa| uparyukta prakAra se svara-cihnoM ko pahacAna lene ke bAda mi0 jemsa priMsepa ne akSaroM ke pahacAnane kA udyoga prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne pahale pratyeka akSara ko gupta lipi ke akSaroM ke sAtha milAne aura milate hue akSaroM ko varNamAlA meM zAmila karane kA krama apnaayaa| isa rIti se bahuta-se akSara unakI jAnakArI meM A gye| ... pAdarI jemsa sTIvensan ne bhI priMsepa sAhaba kI taraha isI zodhana meM anurakta hokara 'ka' 'ja' 'tha' 'pa' aura 'va' akSaroM ko pahacAnA aura inhIM akSaroM kI sahAyatA se pUre lekhoM ko par3hakara unakA anuvAda karane kA manoratha kiyA, parantu kucha to akSaroM kI pahacAna meM bhUla hone ke kAraNa, kucha varNamAlA kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa aura kucha ina lekhoM kI bhASA ko saMskRta samajha lene ke kAraNa yaha udyoga pUrA-pUrA saphala nahIM huaa| phira bhI priMsepa ko isase koI nirAzA nahIM huii| san 1835 I0 meM prasiddha purAtattvajJaH pro0 laoNsena ne eka oNsTriyana grIka sikke para inhIM akSaroM meM likhA huA aMga thA~ kilasa kA nAma par3hA / parantu 1837 I. ke prArambha meM mi0 priMsepa ne apanI alaukika sphuraNA dvArA eka choTAsA 'dAna' zabda-podha nikAlA jisase isa viSaya kI bahuta-sI granthiyA~ ekadama sulajha gii| isakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai / I0 sa0 1837 meM priMsepa ne sA~cI stUpa Adi para khude hue kitane hI choTe-choTe lekhoM kI chApoM ko ekatrita karake dekhA to bahuta-se lekhoM ke anta meM do akSara eka hI sarIkhe jAna par3e aura unake pahale 'sa' akSara dikhAI par3A jisako prAkRta bhASA kI chaThI vibhakti kA pratyaya (saMskRta 'sya' ke badale) mAnakara yaha anumAna kiyA ki bhinna-bhinna lekha bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA kiye hue dAnoM ke sUcaka jAna par3ate haiN| phira una eka sarIkhe dikhane vAle aura pahacAna meM na Ane vAle do akSaroM meM se pahale ke sAtha / 'T' (zrA kI mAtrA) aura dUsare ke sAtha '' (anusvara cihna) lagA hupA hone se unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki yaha zabda 'dAna' honA cAhiye / isa anumAna ke anusAra 'da' aura 'na' kI pahacAna hone se AdhI varNamAlA pUrI ho gayI jhaaura usake AdhAra para dillI, ilAhAbAda, sAMcI, methiyA, radhiyA, giranAra, dhauramI Adi sthAnoM se prApta azoka ke viziSTa lekha saralatApUrvaka par3ha liye gaye / isase yaha bhI nizcita ho gayA ki ina lekhoM kI bhASA, jaisA ki aba taka bahuta-se loga mAna rahe the, saMskRta nahIM hai varan tatsthAnoM meM pracalita dezabhASA thI (jo sAdhAraNatayA usa samaya prAkRta nAma se vikhyAta thii)| isa prakAra brAhmI lipi kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta huA aura usake yoga se bhArata ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #218
188/pANDulipi-vijJAna prAcIna se prAcInatama lekhoM ko par3hane meM pUrI saphalatA milii| aba, utanI hI purAnI dUsarI lipi kI zodha kA vivaraNa diyA jAtA hai| isa lipi kA jJAna bhI prAyaH usI samaya meM prApta huA thaa| isakA nAma kharoSThI lipi hai / kharoSThI lipi Arya lipi nahIM hai arthAt anArya lipi hai yaha / semeTika lipi ke kuTumba ko parameik lipi se nikalI huI mAnI jAtI hai| isa lipi ko likhane kI paddhati phArasI lipi ke samAna hai arthAt yaha dAyeM hAtha se bAyIM ora ko likhI jAtI hai| yaha lipi IsA se pUrva tIsarI athavA cauthI zatAbdI meM kevala paMjAba ke kucha bhAgoM meM hI pracalita thii| zahAbAjagar3hI aura mansorA ke daravAjoM para azoka ke lekha isI lipi meM utkIrNa hue haiN| isake atirikta zaka, kSatrapa, pArthian aura kuSANavaMzI rAjAoM ke samaya ke kitane bauddha lekhoM tathA bAkTriana, grIka, zaka, kSatrapa Adi rAjavaMzoM ke kitane hI sikkoM meM yahI lipi utkIrNa huI milatI hai / isalie bhAratIya purAtattvajJoM ko isa lipi ke jJAna kI vizeSa AvazyakatA thii| karnala jemsa TaoNDa ne vAkTrian, grIka, zaka pArthian aura kuSANavaMzI rAjAoM ke sikkoM kA eka bar3A saMgraha kiyA thaa| ina sikkoM para eka ora grIka aura dUsarI ora kharoSThI akSara likhe hue the / san 1830 I0 meM janarala veMTurA~ ne mAnikiAla stUpa ko khudavAyA to usameM se kharoSThI lipi ke kitane hI sikke aura do lekha prApta hue / isake atirikta alekjeNDara, bansa Adi prAcIna zodhakoM ne bhI aise aneka sikke ikaTTha kiye the jinameM eka aora ke grIka akSara to par3he jA sakate the parantu dUsarI ora ke kharoSThI akSaroM ke par3he jAne kA koI sAdhana nahIM thaa| ina akSaroM ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna kalpanAe~ hone lgiiN| san 1824 I0 meM karnala TaoNDa ne kaphises ke sikke para khude ina akSaroM ko saseninan' akSara btlaayaa| 1833 I0 meM prapoloDoTsa ke sikke para inhIM akSaroM ko priMsepa ne 'pahalavI' akSara maanaa| isI prakAra eka dUsare sikke kI isI lipi tathA mAmikiyA~la ke lekha kI lipi ko unhoMne brAhmI lipi mAna siyA aura isakI prAkRti kucha dedI hone ke kAraNa anumAna lagAyA ki jisa prakAra chapI huI aura bahI meM likhI huI gujarAtI lipi meM antara hai usI prakAra prazoka ke dillI Adi ke stambhoM vAlI aura isa lipi meM antara hai / parantu bAda meM svayaM priMsepa hI isa anumAna ko anucita mAnane lge| san 1834 I0 meM kepTana korTa ko eka stUpa meM se isI lipi kA eka lekha milA jisako dekhakara priMsepa ne phira ina akSaroM ke viSaya meM 'pahalavI' hone kI kalpanA kii| parantu usI varSa meM misTara mesana nAmaka zodhakartA vidvAna ne aneka aise sikke prApta kiye jina para kharoSThI aura grIka donoM lipiyoM meM rAjAoM ke nAma aMkita the| mesana sAhaba ne hI sabase pahale mineMkoM, propolaDoTo, aramAilo, vAsiliyo aura soroM Adi nAmoM ko par3hA thA, parantu yaha unakI kalpanA mAtra thii| unhoMne ina nAmoM ko priMsepa sAhaba ke pAsa bhejA / isa kalpanA ko satya kA rUpa dene kA yaza priMsepa ke hI bhAgya meM likhA thA / unhoMne mesana sAhaba ke saMketoM ke anusAra sikkoM ko bA~canA prArambha kiyA to unameM se bAraha rAjAnoM aura sAta padaviyoM ke nAma par3ha nikAle / - isa prakAra kharoSThI lipi ke bahuta-se akSaroM kA bodha huA aura sAtha hI yaha bhI jJAta huA ki yaha lipi dAhinI ora se bA~yI ora par3hI jAtI hai| isase yaha bhI nizcaya humA ki yaha lipi sameTika varga kI hai, parantu isake sAtha hI isakI bhASA ko, jo vAstava For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #219
lipi-samasyA/189 meM brAhmI lekhoM kI bhASA ke samAna prAkRta hai, pahalavI mAna lene kI bhUla huI / isa prakAra grIka lekhoM kI sahAyatA se kharoSThI lipi ke bahuta-se akSaroM kI to jAnakArI huI parantu bhASA ke viSaya meM bhrAnti hone ke kAraNa pahalavI ke niyamoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara par3hane se akSaroM ko pahacAnane meM azuddhatA Ane lagI jisase thor3e samaya taka isa kArya meM ar3acana par3atI rahI / parantu 1838 I0 meM do bAkTriman grIka sikkoM para pAli lekhoM ko dekhakara dUsare sikkoM kI bhASA bhI yahI hogI, yaha mAnate hue usI ke niyamAnusAra una lekhoM ko par3hane se priMsepa kA kAma Age calA aura unhoMne ekasAtha 17 akSaroM ko khoja nikaalaa| priMsepa kI taraha misTara naoNrisa ne bhI isa viSaya meM kitanA hI kAma kiyA aura isa lipi ke 7 naye akSaroM kI zodha kii| bAkI ke thor3e se akSaroM ko janarala kaniMghama ne pahacAna liyA aura isa prakAra kharoSThI kI sampUrNa varNamAlA taiyAra ho gii| __ yaha bhAratavarSa kI purAnI se purAnI lipiyoM ke jJAna prApta karane kA saMkSipta itihAsa hai / uparyukta varNana se vidita hogA ki lipi-viSayaka zodha meM misTara priMsepa ne bahuta kAma kiyA hai| eziyATika sosAiTI kI ora se prakAzita 'sainTanarI rivyU' nAmaka pustaka meM 'enzyaNTa iNDiana alaphAbeTa' zIrSaka lekha ke prArambha meM isa viSaya para DaoN0 haoNrnalI likhate haiM ki "sosAiTI kA prAcIna zilAlekhoM ko par3hane aura unakA bhASAntara karane kA atyupayogI kArya 1834 I0 se 1839 I. taka claa| isa kArya ke sAtha sosAiTI ke tatkAlIna sekreTarI, mi0 priMsepa kA nAma, sadA ke lie saMlagna rahegA, kyoMki bhArataviSasaka prAcIna-lekhanakalA, bhASA aura itihAsa sambandhI hamAre arvAcIna jJAna kI AdhArabhUta itanI bar3I zodha-khoja isI eka vyakti ke puruSArtha se itane thoDe samaya meM ho skii|" priMsepa ke bAda lagabhaga tIsa varSa taka purAtatva saMzodhana kA sUtra jemsa phagryusana, maoNrkhama kiTTo, eDavarDa TaoNmasa, alekjeNDara kaniMghama, vAlTara iliyaTa, me Doja Telara, sTIvensan, DaoN0 bhAudAjI Adi ke hAthoM meM rahA / inameM se pahale cAra vidvAnoM ne uttara hindustAna meM, iliyaTa sAhaba ne dakSiNa bhArata meM aura pichale tIna vidvAnoM ne pazcimI bhArata meM kAma kiyA / phargyusana sAhaba ne purAtana vAstu-vidyA (Architecture) kA jJAna prApta karane meM bar3A parizrama kiyA aura unhoMne isa viSaya para aneka grantha likhe / isa viSaya kA unakA abhyAsa itanA bar3hA-car3hA thA ki kisI bhI imArata ko kevala dekhakara ve sahaja hI meM usakA samaya nizcita kara dete the| mejara kiTTo bahuta vidvAna to nahIM the parantu unakI zodhaka buddhi bahuta tIkSNa thii| jahA~ anya aneka vidvAnoM ko kucha jAna na par3atA thA vahA~ ve apanI giddha jaisI painI dRSTi se kitanI hI bAteM khoja nikAlate the / citrakalA meM ve bahuta nipuNa the| kitane hI sthAnoM ke citra unhoMne apane hAtha se banAe the aura prakAzita kie the| unakI zilpakalA viSayaka isa gambhIra kuzalatA ko dekhakara sarakAra ne unako banArasa ke saMskRta kaoNleja kA bhavana banavAne kA kAma sauMpA / isa kArya meM unhoMne bahuta parizrama kiyA jisase unakA svAsthya gira gayA aura anta meM iMgalaiNDa jAkara ve svargastha hue| TaoNmasa sAhaba ne apanA vizeSa dhyAna sikkoM aura zilAlekhoM para diyA / unhoMne atyanta parizrama karake I0 saM0 pUrva 246 se 1554 I0 taka ke lagabhaga 1800 varSoM ke prAcIna itihAsa kI zodha kii| janarala kanidhama ne priMsepa kA avaziSTa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #220
190 / pANDulipi - vijJAna kArya hAtha meM liyA / unhoMne brAhmI tathA kharoSThI lipiyoM kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA / iliyaTa sAhaba ne karnala mekenjI ke saMgraha kA saMzodhana aura saMvarddhana kiyA / dakSiNa ke cAlukya vaMza kA vistRta jJAna sarvaprathama unhoMne logoM ke sAmane prastuta kiyaa| Telara sAhaba ne bhArata kI mUrti-nirmANa-vidyA kA adhyayana kiyA aura sTIvensan ne sikkoM kI zodhakhoja kI / purAtattva saMzodhana ke kArya meM pravINatA prApta karane vAle prathama bhAratIya vidvAn DaoNkTara bhAudAjI the / unhoMne aneka zilAlekhoM ko par3hA aura bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa jJAna meM khUba vRddhi kI hai / isa viSaya meM dUsare nAmAMkita bhAratIya vidvAn kAThiyAvAr3a nivAsI paNDita bhagavAnalAla indrajI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai jinhoMne pazcima bhArata ke itihAsa meM mUlya vRddhi kI hai / unhoMne aneka zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatroM ko par3hA hai parantu unake kArya kA saccA smAraka to unake dvArA ur3IsA ke khaNDagiri-udayagiri vAlI hAthIguMphA meM samrATa khAravela ke lekhoM ko zuddha rUpa se par3hA jAnA hI hai / baMgAla ke vidvAn DaoN0 rAjendralAla mitra kA nAma bhI isa viSaya meM vizeSa rUpa se ullekha karane yogya hai / unhoMne nepAla ke sAhitya kA viziSTa jJAna prApta kiyA hai / "1 isa vivaraNa se eka citra to kAzI ke paNDita kA ubharatA hai, jisane apane kauzala se mithyA kuJjI prAcIna lipi ko par3hane ke lie prastuta kI aura vaha bhI aisI ki pahale usa para sabhI ko vizvAsa ho gayA / dUsarA citra ubharatA hai usa mudrA kA jo aphagAnistAna meM milI aura usake sambandha meM yaha dhAraNA banA lI gaI ki isakI bhASA pahalavI hai aura lipi aisI hogI jo dAyeM se bAyeM likhI jAtI hogI / phalataH yaha bahuta zrAvazyaka hai ki pahale bhASA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAya, phira lipi-lekhana kI pravRtti kA bhI / kyoMki usakI lipi vastuta: kharoSThI thI aura usakI bhASA pAli pahalavI kA pIchA vidvAnoM ne taba chor3A jaba 1838 I0 meM do vAkTrIana grIka sikkoM para pAlI lekhoM ko dekhA / * eka tIsarA citra yaha ubharatA hai ki mAtra varNoM kI AkRti se lipi kisa bhASA kI hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isake lie TaoNma korieTa nAmaka yAtrI kI bhrAnti kA ullekha Upara ho cukA hai / grazoka - lipi kI grIka - lipi se samAnatA dekhakara usane use grIka lekha samajha liyA thA / vastutaH lipi ke anusandhAna meM vahI vaijJAnika prakriyA kAma karatI hai jisameM jJAta badAla stambha kA lekha evaM ToparA vAle se ajJAta kI zrora bar3hA jAtA / isI AdhAra para dillI ke azoka stambha para bIsaladeva ke tIna lekha par3he gaye / isase jo prAcIna lekha the unako par3hane meM bahuta kaThinAI aura parizrama huA kyoMki unake nikaTa kI jJAta lipiyA~ tha hI nahIM / ava yahA~ para priMsepa mahodaya ne anusandhAna kI vizeSa sUjha-bUjha kA paricaya diyA / unhoMne sA~cI stUpa Adi para khude hue kitanI hI chApoM ko tulanApUrvaka dekhA / ina sabameM unheM do akSara samAna mile aura anumAna lagAyA ki do akSaroM vAlA zabda dAna ho sakatA hai aura isa anumAna ke AdhAra para 'da' aura 'na' akSaroM kA nirdhAraNa huA aura isa prakAra brAhmI lipi kA udghATana ho sakA / spaSTa hai ki isa prakAra lipi kI gA~Tha kholane ke lie tulanA bhI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / 1. muni jina vijayajI -- purAtatva saMzodhana kA pUrva itihAsa- svAhA, varSa 1 aMka 2-3, pR0 27-34 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #221
lipi -samasyA / 191 yaha to brAhmI lipi ko par3he jAne ke prayatnoM kI carcA huI / aba anusandhAnakarttAzroM meM aura vidvAnoM meM anusandhAna-viSayaka vaijJAnika pravRtti khUba milatI hai, phira bhI, lipi viSayaka kucha kaThina samasyAe~ prAja bhI banI huI haiM / bhAratavarSa meM sindhughATI kI lipi kA rahasya abhI bhI nahIM khulA hai / aneka prakAra ke prayatna hue haiM, kintu jitane prayatna hue haiM utanI hI samasyA ulajhI hai / isI prakAra aura bhI vizva kI kaI lipiyA~ haiM jinakA pUrA rahasya nahIM khulA / to prazna yaha hai ki yadi koI ekadama aisI lipi sAmane A jAya jisake sambandha meM Age pIche koI sahAyaka paramparA na milatI ho to kyA kiyA jAya ? isa sambandha meM DaoN0 pI. bI. paNDita kA 'hindustAna TAimsa vIkalI' (ravivAra, mArca, 1969 ) meM prakAzita 'krekiMga da koDa' (Cracking the Code) una siddhAntoM ko prastuta karatA hai jinase aisI lipi ko samajhA jA sake jisakI na to lekhana praNAlI kA aura na usameM likhe kathya kA jJAna ho / yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki aisI lipi kI ku jI pAne meM aneka kaThinAiyA~ ho sakatI haiN| ve kaThinAiyA~ bhI aisI ho sakatI haiM jina para pAra pAnA asambhava ho / phira bhI, unake sujhAva haiM ki pahale to ye nirdhArita kiyA jAnA cAhie ki jo vividha cihna aura rekhAMkana mile haiM kyA ve bhASA ko vyakta karate haiM / yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki ve cihna bhASA kI lipi ke hI haiM to prazna yaha khar3A hotA hai ki yaha kisa prakAra kI lekhana praNAlI hai / arthAt kyA yaha lekhana praNAlI citrAtmaka hai athavA zabdAtmaka (logographic) hai yA varNAtmaka (alphabetic ) / yadyapi Aja kucha lipiyA~ makSarAtmaka (Syllabic) bhI haiM para yaha akSaratA (Syllable) varNa se hI jur3I milatI haiM, kyoMki donoM hI dhvanimUlaka haiM / citralipi zabda lipi meM tabhI pariNata hotI hai jaba eka citra kaI bhAvoM yA vastunoM kA zrartha dene lagatA hai / taba eka citrAkAra yA citralipi kA eka-eka citra eka uccarita zabda (logo) kA sthAna le letA hai| DaoN0 paNDita ne aMgrejI kA sTAra zabda liyA hai / 'sTAra' kA citra jaba taka kevala sTAra kA hI jJAna karAtA hai taba taka vaha citralipi kA aMza hai / isake bAda 'sTAra' kA upayoga kevala tAre ke lie hI nahIM, AkAza ke dyutimAna sabhI tAroM aura tArikAoM ke lie hone lagatA hai yA usakA artha camakadAra yA ziromaNi vastutroM ke lie hone lage to vaha bhAvacitralipi (ideograph) kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai / aba yadi 'sTAra' kI citrAkRti aura usakI citralipi aura bhAva- citralipi ko koI zabda mila gayA hai-- jaise sTAra, taba yaha zabda ho gayA / bhAvalipi kA eka aMga hokara aba usane citra rUpa ke sAtha zabda rUpa meM bhI sambaddhatA prApta kara lI, yahI isa zabda dhvani kI lipi yA zabdamUlaka citralipi (logograph) kahalAtI hai / aba zabda kA artha apane dhvani-citra se kisI sImA taka svatantra ho calA kyoMki 'zuddha sTAra dhvani' ke lie to usakA dhvanicitra AyegA hI, sambhavataH 'sTAra' kI samavartI 1. "Histories of writing system indicate that the Pictorial scripts develop into logographic script where a picture gets a phonetic value corresponding to its pronunciation: then it can be used for all other items which have similar pronunciation.' (Pandit, P. B. ( Dr. ) -- Cracking the Code - Hindustan Times Weekly, Sunday, March 30, 1969) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #222
192, pANDulipi-vijJAna dhvani 'sTAra' ke lie bhI prayoga meM A sakegA aura parasarga rUpa meM gaiMgasTara (gangster) meM gaiMga ke sAtha bhI jur3a jaayegaa| aba sthiti yaha ho gayI ki___vastu - vastu-citra - citralipi - bhAvacitralipi - citra zabdita - zabdAtmaka citra - zabda-pratIka - dhvanivartI zabda-pratIka / dhvanivartI zabda-pratIka vAlI lipi meM zabdoM kI dhvani se unameM 'moraphIma' kA jJAna hone lagatA hai tathA ina mAraphImoM ke anusAra lipi-pratIkoM meM vikAra ho jAtA hai / yahA~ Akara vaha prakriyA jaga uThatI hai jo zabda pratIkoM kI dhvanimUlaka varNamAlA kI ora jAne meM pravRtta karatI hai / 'sTAra' meM eka moraphIma hai ataH zabda-pratIka jyoM kA tyoM rahegA / para bahuvacana 'sTArsa' meM 'sa' moraphIma bar3hA, ataH koI vikAra 'sTAra' mAraphIma meM 'sa' kA dyotana karane ke lie bar3hAnA par3egA / 'sa' yahA~ moraphIma bhI hai aura eka varNAtmaka akelI dhvani bhI / ai-lI-pheMTa meM tIna moraphIma haiM ataH zabdalipi bhI tIna yoga dikhAne lgegii| isIlie isa avasthA para pahu~ca kara dhvanivartI zabda-pratIka, pratIka meM dhvani-dyotaka cihnoM ko niyojita karane kA prayatna karegA-dhvanivartI zabda-pratIka - dhvanivartI zabda pratIkagata dhvani-pratIka - dhvani-pratIka akSara - dhvani-pratIka varNa / citralipi se varNAtmaka lipi taka ke vikAsa kA yaha krama sambhAvita hai aura sthUla hai| vidvAnoM ne Pictorial Art se Pictograph, Pictograph se Ideograph, Ideograph se logograph taka kA vikAsa to sthUlataH ThIka athavA sahaja mAnA hai| usase Age dhvani kI ora lipi kA saMkramaNa utanA svAbhAvika nhiiN| kucha vidvAnoM kI rAya meM yaha sambhava bhI nhiiN| pANDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi se to ve prakriyAe~ hI mahattvapUrNa haiM, jinase ye vikAra hote haiM aura lipi kA vikAsa hotA hai| yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhane kI bAta hai ki hamane vikAsa-prakriyA meM jahA~ - (tIra) diyA hai, vahA~ bIca meM aura bhI kaI vikAsa-caraNa ho sakate haiM / mohanajodar3oM kI-sI sthiti bhI ho sakatI hai jisameM citralipi aura dhvanilipi donoM hI prayukta hoN| yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jaba 'sTAra' se 'sTArsa' taka bhASA pahu~catI haiM, taba 'eka aura bahuta' kA bheda karane kI zakti usameM A jAtI hai| sAtha hI zabdoM meM cihnoM dvArA anya sambandhoM ko batAne kI kSamatA bhI A jAnI cAhiye / vyaMjana aura svaroM ke bheda akSarAtmaka lipi meM prastuta hone lagate haiN| .. ... zabda cihnoM se vyAkaraNa-sambandhoM ko jAnane ke lie DaoN0 paNDita kA nimna uddharaNa eka siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai : sambhavataH eka yA adhika moraphInoM (morphemes) se bane zabda saMketa-cihnoM kI saMkhyAoM ke AdhAra para sabase adhika prayukta samuccaya haiM / koI cAhe to pratyaya upasargaparasarga Adi ko bhI unake sthAna aura vitaraNa ke Avartana se DhUMr3ha sakatA hai| mAna lIjie nIce diye solaha vAkyoM meM se varNamAlA kA pratyeka varNa eka moraphIma hai to isa bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM koI kyA batA sakatA hai (taba bhI jabaki vAkyoM ke artha vidita For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #223
lipi-samasyA/193 nahIM hai)| 1 AX2 5 CYZ 9 GZ 13 D 2 AXYZ 6 DX 10 A 14 E 3 BX 7 EX 11 B 15 F 4 Cz 8 FZ 12 c -16 G yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki A B C D E F G to nAma dhAtuyeM haiM XYZ parasarga haiM / XYZ kA sthAnagata mUlya aisA hai ki ve apane-apane nijI krama ko surakSita rakhate haiM / anta meM Z pAtA hai aura Y x ke bAda AtI hai| X dhAtu nAma ke turanta bAda AtA hai / / tAtparya yaha hai ki upalabdha sAmagrI kA isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhiye jisase ki yaha vidita ho sake ki kitane cihna svatantra rUpa se bhI prayoga meM Aye aura kitane cihna aise haiM jo kisI na kisI anya cihna se jur3akara Aye haiM--aura ye aise cihnoM se jur3e milate haiM, jo binA kisI cihna ke bhI prayukta hue haiN| isase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki jo cihna svatantra rUpa se Aye haiM ve 'Stems', saMjJAnAma yA kriyAnAma haiM aura jo imase jur3akara pAte haiM ve upasarga-pratyaya haiN| usI lipi ke cihnoM kI pArasparika tulanA se vAkya ke rUpa kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / kintu isase bhASA kA udbhava nahIM ho sakatA, na lipi ke cihnoM ke sambandha meM hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve kyA zabda haiM yA kisa dhvani ke pratIka haiN| priMsepa ne brAhmI ke 'da' aura 'na' akSaroM ko samajha liyA thA, kyoMki vaha unakI bhASA se paricita thA, aura una lekhoM ke abhiprAya ko bhI samajhatA thaa| .. kintu mohanajodar3oM kI lipi kI bhASA kA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM, ataH lipi ko ThIka-ThIka nahIM udghATita kiyA jA sakA hai| lipi jahA~ milI haiM (1) usakI pRSThabhUmi, itihAsa, paramparA, aMga, saMskRti Adi kI sambhAvanAnoM ke AdhAra para, tathA (2) anya jJAta lipiyoM se tulanA karake vikalpAtmaka anumAna khar3e kie jAte haiM / sindhughATI kI lipi ke viSaya meM ukta donoM bAtoM ke sambandha meM na to prAmANika AdhAra haiM, na mata haiM kyoMki | pahalA, pRSThabhUmi, itihAsa, paramparA Adi kI dRSTi se eka aura yaha mAnA gayA ki yaha pAryoM ke bhArata meM Ane se pUrva kI saMskRti kI lipi hai / prArya pUrva bhArata meM dravir3a the ataH yaha dravir3a-sama lipi hai aura dravir3a-sama bhASA kI pratIka hai| 1. "The most frequent groups are possibly words, consisting of one or more morphemes according to the number of signs. One can aiso deduct the affxessuffixes, prefixes etc. by their positions and frequency distribution Suppose, in the following data of sixteen sentences, each letter of the alphabet is a morpheme, what could one say about the grammar of the language (even of the meanings of the sentences are not known)." . vihI. mArca 30.19691 One could say that the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G are stems and the XY & Z are suffixes. The positional values of X, Y and Z are such that they maintain their respective order. Z occurs finally, Y occurs after X, X occurs immediately after the stem. [vahI, mArca 30, 1969 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #224
194/pANDulipi-vijJAna dUsarA vikalpa yaha rahA ki pAryoM se pUrva yA 4000 I0 pU0 yahA~ sumera loga nivAsa karate the aura yaha unhIM kI lipi hai| tIsarA vikalpa yaha hai ki isa kSetra ke nivAsI Arya yA unhIM kI eka zAkhA ke . 'asura' the / yaha unhIM kI bhASA aura lipi hai / ina tInoM parikalpanAoM ke AdhAra para vividha bhASAoM kI lipiyoM kI tulanA karate hue unake pramANoM se bhI apane-apane mata kI puSTi kI gayI hai| aba jI. Ara. haMTara mahodaya ne 'da skripTa oNva har3appA eNDa mohanajodar3oM eNDa iTsa kanaikzana vida adara skripTsa' meM batAyA hai ki- "bahata-se cihna prAcIna misra kI mahAna lipi se ullekhanIya samatA rakhate haiN| sabhI enthropo-mAraphika cihna misrI samatA vAle haiM, aura ve yathArthataH ThIka usI rUpa ke haiM aura yaha rocaka bAta hai ki ina enthropo-mAraphika cihnoM se dUra kI bhI samatA rakhane vAle cihna sumeriyana yA proTo-elAmAiTa lipi meM nahIM milate / dUsarI ora hamAre bahuta-se cihna aise haiM jo proTo-elAmAiTa aura jemadeta nasna kI pATiyoM ke cihnoM se hU-ba-hU milate haiM, aura jinakI misrI moragrAphika samakakSatA kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| isase koI bhI isI niSkarSa para pahuMcegA ki yaha mAnyatA balavatI ThaharatI hai ki hamArI lipi kucha to misra se lI gayI hai aura kucha mesopoTAmiyA se / kiMbahunA, eka acche anupAta meM aise cihna bhI haiM jo tInoM meM samAna haiM, jaise-vRkSa, machalI, cir3iyA Adi ke cihna / kintu aisA honA sama-Akasmika (Concidental) hai aura anivArya bhI hai, kyoMki lipi kI pravRtti citrAtmaka hai| phira ve Age kahate haiM ki proTo-elAmAiTa se aura bhI sAmya hai ataH hamane misrI cihna hI udhAra lie haiN| aura Age ve yaha sujhAva bhI prastuta karate haiM ki ho sakatA hai ki mistrI, proToelAmAiTa aura sindhughATI kI lipiyoM kI janaka yA mUla eka cauthI hI bhASA-lipi ho, jo inase pUrvavartI ho| aba ye sabhI parikalpanAe~ (hAipothIsIsa) hI haiN| abhI taka bhI hama sindhughATI kI lipi par3ha sake hoM, aisA nahIM lagatA / - abhI hAla meM phira prayatna hue haiM aura phiniza-dala tathA rUsI dala ne sindhu-lipi aura sindhu-bhASA ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kampyUTara kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura ye isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki yaha draviDonmukha bhASA aura tadnukUla lipi hai| sAtha hI do bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI naye prayatna kiye haiN| eka hai zrI kRSNarAva, dUsare haiM DaoN0 phatehasiMha / ina donoM kA hI mantavya hai ki siMdhughATI kI lipi brAhmI kA pUrvarUpa evaM bhASA vedapUrvI saMskRta hI hai / yUnIvarsiTI oNpha kaimbrija kI phaikalTI praoNva aoriyaNTala sTaDoja ke epha. pAra. allacina ne 'hindustAna TAimsa' ke eka aMka meM eka patra meM, jahA~ pAzcAtya prayatnoM ko racanAtmaka (constructive) prayatna batAyA hai aura bhAratIya prayatnoM ko aMtaH prajJAjanya (intuitive), anta meM usane likhA hai ki 1, Hunter, GR-The Script of Hadappa and Mohan Jodaro and its connection with other Scrips, P. 45-47. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #225
lipi-samasyA 195 "In the mean while let us recognise that while so many new decipherments are appearing they cannot all be right, and are more likely all to be wrong," itanA vivecana 'siMdhughATI lipi' ke sambandha meM karane kI isalie AvazyakatA huI ki yaha jAnA jA sake ki kisI ajJAta lipi ko par3hane meM kitanI samasyAe~ nihita rahatI haiM aura una sabake rahate bhI kisI aura mahattvapUrNa bAta kA prabhAva rahane se ajJAta lipi ko ThIka-ThIka jAnane kI prakriyA asaphala ho jAtI hai| siMdhughATI sabhyatA ke sambandha meM jitane bhI vikalpa rakhe gaye haiM ve sabhI itihAsa se na to puSTa hI haiM, na siddha hI haiM / ___ yathA--pahalA vikalpa yaha hai ki yaha sabhyatA pAryoM ke Agamana se pUrva kI dravir3a sabhyatA hai| pAryoM ke Agamana se pUrva dravir3a sAre bhAratavarSa meM base hue the| aba AryoM ke Agamana kA siddhAnta tathA dravir3oM kA AryoM se bhinna rakta yA nasla kA hone kA nRtAttvika siddhAnta, ye donoM hI pUrNataH siddhaprameya nahIM mAne jA sakate, na akATya pramANoM se puSTa hai| isa sambandha meM eka antara bahuta spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai, mUlata yaha siddhAnta bideziyoM ke dvArA hI pratipAdita hue the, aura mUlataH sindhughATI ko dravir3a sabhyatA ke avazeSa batAne vAle bhI adhikAMzataH videzI hI haiM, aura bhAratIyoM kA jhukAva abheda ko svIkRti para nirbhara karatA hai| imI aprAmANika antara ke kAraNa dravir3a bhASA, dravir3a-lipi aura kArya bhASA tathA asura bhASA kA vikalpa uThA hai| siMdhu-lipi meM misra kI citralipi tathA sumera kI lipi ke sAtha brAhmI lipi ke sAmya bhI haiM / isase kalpanA kI gayI ki misra aura sumera meM udhAra liye gaye zabda aura varNa haiN| DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya ne yaha sujhAva diyA hai ki jahAM taka eka se dUsare ke dvArA udhAra lene kA prazna hai nimnalikhita aitihAsika paramparAe~ isameM hamArI sahAyatA kara sakatI haiM(ma) prAcIna misra kI sabhyatA ke nirmAtA loga pazcimI eziyA se mitra ko gaye the / (prA) yUnAnI lekhakoM ke anusAra phoneziyansa, jo ki prAcIna kAla ke mahAn sAmudrika yAtrA-dakSa aura saMskRti-prasAraka loga the; tyara (TYR) meM upa niveza banAkara rahate the jo ki pazcimI eziyA kA bar3A bandaragAha thA / (i) sumeriyana loga svayaM bhI samudra ke mArga se bAhara se: prAkara sumeriyA meM base the| (I) purAnI aitihAsika paramparAoM ke anusAra, jo ki purANoM aura mahAkAvyoM meM dI huI haiM, Arya-jAtiyA~ uttara-pazcimIH bhArata se uttara kI ora aura 1. The use of Aryan ann Dravadian as racial terms is unknown to scientific stu dents of Anthropology (Nilkantha Shastri, cultural contacts between Aryon & Dravadians P2). There is no Drevadian race and no Aryan race. (A. L. Bashem : Bulletin of the .nstitute of Historical research II (1963), Madras. (svAhA. . para uddhRta) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #226
196/pANDulipi-vijJAna pazcima kI ora Arya jAtiyA~ gayI thIM / / ina paristhitiyoM meM isa tathya ke sambandha meM asambhAvanA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai ki yA to Arya loga yA unake asura nAma ke bandhuoM ne sindhughATI kI lipi kA nirmANa kiyA / ve hI use pazcimI eziyA aura mizra meM le gye| isa prakAra saMsAra ke una bhAgoM meM lipi ke vikAsa ko protsAhita kiyA / _DaoN0 rAjabalI pAMDeya kA sujhAva aitihAsika tarkamattA ke anukUla hai : nizcaya hI isa lipi kI udbhAvanA bhArata meM huI aura yahIM se sumera aura misra ko gayI, vahA~ isa lipi kA aura vikAsa huaa| para isa siddhAnta se bhI bhASA aura lipi ke udghATana meM yathArtha sahAyatA nahIM mila paatii| sindhu-lipi dAyeM se bAyeM kharoSThI yA phArasI lipi kI bhA~ti likhI gayI hai, yA bAyeM se dAyeM, romana aura nAgarI lipi kI bhAMti / isa sambandha meM bhI vaidha hai-eka kahatA hai dAyeM se bAyeM, dUsarA kahatA hai bAyeM se daayeN| yaha samasyA eka samaya brAhmI ke sambandha meM bhI uThI thii| brAhmI kI eka zailI dAyeM se bAyeM likhane kI bhI thI, avazya kucha avazeSa aba bhI milate haiN| byUlara ne brAhmI ko dAhine se bAe likhane kA jo pramANa diyA hai vaha azoka ke yeraguDI (ka ranUla, madrAsa) lekha tathA eraNa ke eka mudrA-lekha para AdhArita hai| kaniMghama ne madhya pradeza ke jabalapura se usa sikke kA patA lagAyA thA jisa para brAhmI meM mudrA-lekha dAhine se bA~e likhA hai / ise eka Akasmika ghaTanA mAna sakate haiM aura TakasAla ke sA~cAnirmAtA kI bhUla se aisA ho gayA hogaa| isI taraha azoka ke lekha meM likhane kA krama. ulaTA milatA hai| yeraguDI ke lekha meM pahalI paMkti ThIka DhaMga se bA~e se dAhine likhI hai aura dUsarI paMkti dAhine se bA~e / tIsarI bA~e se dAhine tathA cauthI dAhine se bA~e / isase spaSTa hai ki lekha aMkita karane vAlA vAstavika rUpa meM brAhmI likhanA jAnatA thaa| 1. As regards the question of borrowing by one from the others, the following historical tradition will help us :(1) The authors of ancient Egyptian crvilisation migrated from Western Asia to Egypt. (Maspeor-The Dawn for civilisation : Egypt and chaldea, p. 46; Passing of the Empire, VIII, Smith, Ancient Egyptians, P. 24) (ii) The Phonecians the great sea-faring and culture spreading people of ancient times, were colonists in TYR, the great sea-port of Western Asia, according to the Great writers. (Herodouts, 11, 44) (ii) The Summerians themselves came to Sumeria from outside through seas. (Wolley, C.L.-The Summerians, 189) (iv) The Aryans Tribes, according to the ancient historical, tradition recorded in the Puranas and Epics migrated from N.W. India towards the north and the west. (F. E. Pargiter-Ancient Indo-Historical Traditions, XXV) 2. Under the circumstances, there is no impossibility about the fact that either the Aryans or their cousins the Asuras invented the Indus Valley script and carried it tc Western Asia and Egypt and thus inspired the evolution of scripts in these parts of the World. (Pandey, R.B.-Indian Paleography, P.34) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #227
lipi-samasyA/197 para eka nayI praNAlI (dAhine se bA~e) kA usI lekha meM samAveza karanA cAhatA thaa| isalie ulaTe krama (dAhine se bAeM) kA bhI usane upayoga kiyaa| kintu isa kRtrima rUpa ke AdhAra para koI gambhIra siddhAnta sthira karanA yuktisaMgata na hogaa| brAhmI ko, dillI ke azoka stambha para aMkita brAhmI ko, : eka vyakti ne yUnAnI lipi mAnA thA, aura usa brAhmI lekha ko alekjeMDara kI vijaya kA lekha mAnA thaa| kAzI ke brAhmaNa ne eka managaDhanta bhASA aura usakI lipi batAyI, kisI ne unako taMtrAkSara batAyA; eka jagaha kisI ne pahalavI mAnA; aura bhI pakSa prastuta hue, para pratyeka lekha kI sthiti aura unakA pariveza, unakA sthAnIya itihAsa tathA anya vivaraNoM kI ThIka jAnakArI huI aura taba tulanA se ve akSara ThIka-ThIka par3he jA sake haiM / para sindhughATI kI sabhyatA viSayaka vividha samasyAe~ abhI samasyAe~ hI banI huI haiM / yaha sabhyatA bhI kevala sindhughATI taka sImita nahIM thI, aba to madhya pradeza aura rAjasthAna meM bhI isake gar3ha bhUmi-garbha meM gabhita mile haiN| lagatA yaha hai ki mahAna jalaplAvana se pUrva kI yaha saMskRti-sabhyatA thii| pAnI ke sAtha miTTI baha pAyI aura unameM ye nagara daba gye| para ye sabhI kalpanAe~ haiM aura adhika utkhanana se kahIM koI aisI kuMjI milegI jo isakA rahasya khola degii| to pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke jijJAsu ke lie una ar3acanoM, kaThinAiyoM aura avarodhoM ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai jinake kAraNa kisI ajJAta lipi kA udghATana sambhava nahIM ho paataa| . ve ar3acaneM haiM : (1) kisI sAMskRtika paramparA kA na honaa| aisI paramparA prApta honI cAhiye jisameM vizeSa lipi ko biThAyA jA ske|. .... (2) ThIka itihAsa kA abhAva tathA itihAsa kI vistRta jAnakArI kA prabhAva yA ....vidyamAna aitihAsika jJAna meM anaasthaa| (3) ayathArtha aura aprAmANika pUrvAgrahoM kA honA / (4) tulanA se samasyA kA mora jaTila honaa| (5) lipi-viSayaka pratyeka samasyA ke sambandha meM bhrama honA / (6) lipi meM likhI bhASA kA ThIka jJAna na honA, yathA-prAkRta ke sthAna para pahalavI aura prAkRta ke sthAna para saMskRta bhASA samajhakara kiye gaye prayatna viphala ho gaye the| Upara hama 'svAhA' se liye gaye uddharaNa meM brAhmI lipi par3hane ke prayatnoM kI sAmAnya rUpa-rekhA par3ha cuke haiM / yahA~ mahAmahopAdhyAya gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda mojhA se bhI isa sambandha meM eka uddharaNa diyA jAtA hai, isase brAhmI lipi ke par3hane ke prayatnoM kA acchA jJAna ho skegaa| baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI ke saMgraha meM dehalI aura ilAhAbAda ke stambhoM tathA khaMDagiri ke caTTAna para khude hue lekhoM kI chApeM A gaI thIM, parantu vilpharDa kA yatna niSphala hone se aneka varSoM taka una lekhoM ke par3hane kA udyoga na huaa| una lekhoM kA Azaya jAnane kI jijJAsA rahane ke kAraNa jemsa prinsepa ke I0 saM0 1834-35 meM ilAhAbAda, upAdhyAya, vAsudeva-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 249 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #228
198/pANDulipi-vijJAna radhiyA aura mathiyA ke stambhoM para ke lekhoM kI chApeM maMgavAI aura unako dehalI ke lekha se milAkara yaha jAnanA cAhA ki unameM koI zabda eka-sA hai yA nhiiN| isa prakAra una cAroM lekhoM ko pAsa-pAsa rakhakara milAne se turanta hI yaha pAyA gayA ki ye cAroM lekha eka hI haiM / isa bAta se prinsepa kA utsAha bar3hA aura use apanI jijJAsA pUrNa hone kI dRr3ha AzA bNdhii| phira ilAhAbAda ke stambha ke lekha se bhinna-bhinna AkRti ke akSaroM ko alaga-alaga chAMTane para yaha vidita ho gayA ki guptAkSaroM ke samAna unameM bhI kitane akSaroM ke sAtha svaroM kI mAtrAoM ke pRthak-pRthak pA~ca cihna lage hue haiM, jo ekatrita kara prakaTa kiye gye| isase aneka vidvAnoM ko ukta akSaroM ke yUnAnI hone kA jo bhrama thA vaha dUra ho gyaa| svaroM ke cihnoM ko pahicAnane ke bAda mi. prinsepa ne akSaroM ke pahicAnane kA udyoga karanA zurU kiyA aura ukta lekha ke pratyeka akSara ko guptalipi se milAnA aura jo milatA gayA usako varNamAlA ke kramavAra rakhanA prArambha kiyaa| isa prakAra bahuta-se akSara pahicAna meM A gye| pAdarI jemsa sTivensan ne bhI prinsepa kI bhAMti isI zodha meM laga kara 'ka', 'ja', 'pa' aura 'ba' akSaroM ko pahicAnA aura ina akSaroM kI sahAyatA se lekhoM ko par3hakara unakA anuvAda karane kA udyoga kiyA gayA parantu kucha to akSaroM ke pahicAnane meM bhUla ho jAne, kucha varNamAlA pUrI jJAta na hone aura kucha una lekhoM kI bhASA ko saMskRta mAnakara usI bhASA ke niyamAnusAra par3hane se vaha udyoga niSphala humaa| isase bhI prinsepa ko nirAzA na huii| I0 saM0 1836 meM prasiddha vidvAna la~san ne eka baiTrian grIka sikke para inhIM akSaroM meM aMgayAM klisa kA nAma pddh'aa| I0 saM0 1837 meM mi. prinsepa ne sAMcI ke stUpoM se sambandha rakhane vAle stambhoM Adi para khude hue kaI eka choTe-choTe lekhoM kI chApeM ekatra kara unheM dekhA to unake anta ke do prakSara eka-se dikhAI diye aura unake pahile prAyaH 'sa' akSara pAyA gayA jisako prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha kAraka ke eka vacana kA pratyaya (saMskRta 'sya' se) mAnakara yaha anumAna kiyA ki ye saba lekha alaga-alaga puruSoM ke dAna prakaTa karate hoMge aura aMta ke donoM prakSara, jo par3he nahIM aura jinameM se I. jarnala oNpha dI eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha gaMgAla, jilda 3, pR. 7, pleTa 51 2. azoka ke lekhoM kI lipi mAmUlI dekhane vAle ko aMgrejI yA grIka lipi kA prama utpanna karA de, aisI hai| TaoNma koriaTa nAmaka musAphira ne azoka ke dehalI ke stambha ke lekha ko dekhakara esa. hi vaTakara ko eka patra meM likhA ki "maiM isa deza (hindustAna) ke delI (dehalI) nAmaka zahara meM AyA jahA~ para 'balekTara dI greTa (sikandara) ne hindustAna ke rAjA porasa ko harAyA aura apanI vijaya kI yAdagAra meM usane eka vRhat stambha khar3A karavAyA jo aba taka vahA~ vidyamAna hai" (kerasa' bA~yejija eMDa Trevalsa, ji.9 pRSTha 423 ka. A. sa. ri. ji. 1 pRSTha 163) isa araha jaba TaoNma koriaTa ne azoka ke lekha vAle stambha ko bAdazAha sikandara kA khar3A karavAyA habA mAna liyA to usa para ke lekha ke par3he na jAne taka dUsare yuropian yAnI Adi kA usakI lipi ko grIka mAna lenA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| pAdarI eDavarDa TerI ne likhA hai ki TaoNma koriaTa ne mujhase kahA ki maiMne delI (dehalI) meM grIka lekha vAlA eka bahuta bar3A pASANa kA stambha dekhA jo "alekbaiMDara dI greTa' ne usa prasiddha vijaya kI yAdagAra ke nimitta usa samaya vahA~ para khar3A karavAyA thA" (ka. A. sa..ri. ji. 1, pR0163-64) isI taraha dUsare lekhakoM ne usa lekha ko grIka lekha mAna liyA thaa| 3. jarnala oNpha dI eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, ji.3, pR.4851 4. 'na' ko '' par3ha liyA thA aura 'da' ko pahicAnA na thaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #229
lipi-samasyA/199 pahile ke sAtha 'pA' kI mAtrA aura dUsare ke sAtha anusvAra lagA hai unameM se pahilA akSara 'dA' aura dUsarA 'na' (dAna) hI hogA / isa anumAna ke anusAra 'da' aura 'na' ke pahicAne jAne para varNamAlA sampUrNa ho gaI aura dehalI, ilAhAbAda, sA~cI, mathiyA, radhiyA, giranAra praulI Adi ke lekha sugamatApUrvaka par3ha lie gye| isase yaha bhI nizcaya ho gayA ki unakI bhASA, jo pahile saMskRta mAna lI gaI thI vaha anumAna ThIka na thA, varana unakI bhASA ukta sthAnoM kI pracalita dezI (prAkRta) bhASA thii| isa prakAra prinsepa Adi vidvAnoM ke udyoga se brAhmI akSaroM ke par3he jAne se pichale samaya ke saba lekhoM ko par3hanA sugama ho gayA kyoMki bhAratavarSa kI samasta prAcIna lipiyoM kA mUla yahI brAhmI lipi hai / / brAhmI varNamAlA jisa 'brAhmI varNamAlA' ke udghATana kA rocaka itihAsa Upara diyA gayA hai, use par3hane meM Aja vizeSa kaThinAI nahIM hotii| priMsepa Adi ke prayatnoM ne vaha varNamAlA hamAre lie hastAmUlakavata kara dI hai / vaha varNamAlA kaisI hai, ise batAne ke lie nIce usakA pUrA rUpa de rahe haiM azokakAlIna sAmAnya brAhmI lipi kI varNamAlA yaha hai a A i I U e ai oM aM ta...: AA1Y. mAga - - - - - ka kha ga gha ya ra la va Aw ca cha ja jha Ja za Sa sa ha dot - Ta Da Dha Na 8 0 - G I 000 40s 6-18 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 39-40 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #230
200/pANDulipi-vijJAna (bhAratIya sAhitya-janavarI, 1959) isa azoka lipi se vikasita hokara bhArata kI vividha lipiyA~ banI haiN| ina lipiyoM kI Adhunika varNamAlA se tulanAtmaka rUpa batAne ke lie paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI ne eka cArTa banAyA hai, vaha yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai / bhArata meM lipi-vicAra zrI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA jI ne lipi ke sambandha meM jo TippaNiyA~ bhejI haiM, unameM pahale lipi viSayaka prAcIna ullekhoM kI carcA kI gayI hai / ve likhate haiM : _ "bauddhagrantha 'lalitavistAra'' ke dasaveM adhyAya meM 64 lipiyoM ke nAma Aye haiN| 1-brAhmI, 2-kharoSThI, 3-puSkarasArI, 4-aMgalipi, 5-baMgalipi, 6-magadhalipi, 7-maMgatyalipi, 8-manuSyalipi, 9-aMgulIya lipi, 10-zakArilipi, 11-brahmavallI, 12-drAvir3a, 13-kanAri, 14-dakSiNa, 15-ugra, 16-saMkhyA lipi, 17-anuloma, 18-Urdhvadhvanu, 19-daradalipi, 20-khAsyalipi, 21-cInI, 22-hUNa, 23-madhyAkSaravistAra lipi, 24-puSpalipi, 25-devalipi, 26-nAga lipi, 27-yakSalipi, 28-gandharvalipi, 29-kinnaralipi, 30-mahoragalipi, 31-asuralipi, 32-rur3alipi, 33-mRgacakra lipi, 34-cakralipi, 35-vAyumarulipi, 36-maumadevalipi, 37-antarikSadevalipi, 38-uttaraburudvIpalipi, 39-aparagauDAdilipi, 40-pUrvavivehalipi, 41-utkSepalipi, 42-nikSepalipi, 43-vikSepa lipi, 44-prakSepa lipi, 45-sAgara lipi, 46-brajalipi, 47-lekha-pratilekha lipi, 48-anudrutalipi, 49-zAstravartalipi, 50-gaNAvartalipi, 51-utkSepAvarta, 52-vikSepAvarta, 53-pAdalikhitalipi, 54-dviruttarapadasandhilikhita lipi, 55-dazottarapadasaMdhilikhita lipi, 56-adhyAhAriNI lipi, 57-sarvarutasaMgrahaNI lipi, 58-vidyAnulobhalipi, 59-vimizritalipi, 60-RSitapastaptalipi, 61-dharaNIprekSajAlipi, 62-sarvoSadhaniSyandalipi, 63-sarvasArasaMgrahaNI lipi, 64-sarvabhUtarudgrahaNI lipi / ukta lipiyoM ke nAma par3hane se hI jJAta ho jAyegA ki inameM se bahuta-se nAma to lipi-yotaka na hokara lekhana-prakAra ke haiM, kitane hI kalpita lagate haiM aura kitane hI nAma punarAvRtta bhI haiN| kintu DaoN0 rAjabalI pAMDeya isa mata ko mAnyatA nahIM dete| unhoMne ina causaTha lipiyoM ko vargIkRta karake apanI vyAkhyA dI hai| ina lipiyoM para DaoN0 pANDeya kI pUrI TippaNI yahA~ uddhRta kI jAtI hai / likhate haiM ki : "Upara kI sUcI meM bhAratIya tathA videzI una lipiyoM ke nAma haiM jinase usa kAla meM, jabaki ye paMktiyAM likhI gayI thIM, bhAratIya paricita the yA jinakI kalpanA unhoMne kI thii| pUrI sUcI meM se kevala do hI lipiyAM aisI haiM jinheM sAkSAta pramANa ke prAdhAra 1. mUla 'salitavistAra' anya saMskRta meM hai isameM bukha kA carita varNita hai| isake racanA-kAla kA ThIka-ThIka patA nahIM calatA-parantu isakA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda 308 I. meM huA thaa| DaoN. rAjabalI pAMDeya ne itanA aura batAyA hai ki yaha kRti apane cInI anuvAda se kama se kama eka yA do zatAbdI pUrva kI to honI hI caahiye| . (pAra, rAjabalI-iNDiyana peliyogrAphI, pR. 26) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #231
(paM0 udaya zaMkara zAstro kA cArTa hastalekhoM kI varNamAlA lAmI bAlI kuTila sAkSarI thIM zo dhavI zanI vaMzatI (zvezAtI, guramukhI pUrvI pazcimI vivIzale 10vaM zatAdhviIzatI hindI | - :::865555555 1513131313331313313133 15U kAkAU U Masalnapurna 2 ai wroo | 22 - 21 khAkhabAra vA pAya khakha khAkha / _AMIT gamagA 77017 | gg| SHRAINMENoming 2ma For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #232
phalaka 2 [paM0 udaya zaMkara zAstro kA cArTa hastalekhakoM kI varNamAlA hAmAja ja ja jA - - marwareneup EN BILE - 2222222 00387a3 35 3 35333535 TAmATAmAbAda IMAM hAsa utatatatatAta kAdadAdArAha| dadadada DOvaaghaaghaataabaabghaayaa| mAnanAnAnAnAnAnAnAnAnA LIUI pa cApa 18 mamamamamamamamamamI yayAyiyaya jAna yayayaya | | | | 7 rAzana Vla lA lA lA lA lA lA lA lAla lAla vavavavavavavava - - - 4 - - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #233
[paM0 udaya zaMkara zAstrI kA cArTa TAkarI Rav3 gatIzivAMzale 14vezate mAtImA 8 vIM zataguramura Jalerao DOOR0771111 - S-RSANNA ta - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #234
phalaka [paM0 udaya zaMkara zAstrI kA cArTa nAgarIka 12vIM zatI 12vIM meM zatI | vI zatI 11vIM zatI zAradA | TAkarI | kaithI | maithilI | hindI ISCU 2012 22233 2 2 |2 333 3.3 44444 1CoKID0 SIX 23. olalalal 21535 273132107 TICESSE4 - - bh rwyy J16 tn 2 - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #235
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lipi -samasyA / 201 para pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / yeo lipiyA~ brAhmI aura kharoSThI haiN| cInI vizvakoSa phA-vana-su-liya ( racanA - kAla 668 I0 ) isa prasaMga meM hamArI sahAyatA karatA hai / isake anusAra lekhana kA AviSkAra tIna devI zaktiyoM ne kiyA thA, inameM pahalA devatA thA phana (brahmA) jisane brAhmI lipi kA AviSkAra kiyA, jo bAMye se dA~ye likhI jAtI hai, se dUsarI daivI zakti thI kiyA-lU (kharoSTha) jisane kharoSThI kA zrAviSkAra kiyA, jo dA~ye se bA~ye likhI jAtI hai, tIsarI aura sabase kama mahattpUrNa daivI zakti thI tsAma kI ( Tsam -ki) jisake dvArA grAviSkRta lipi Upara se nIce kI prora likhI hai / yahI vizva-koSa hameM Age batAyA hai ki pahale do devatA bhArata meM hue the aura tIsarA cIna utpanna meM........ / " 2 www.kobatirth.org sUkSmatA se vicAra karane para adhikA~za lipiyA~ (lalitavistara meM batAyI gayI ) nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhAjita kI jA sakatI haiM; kucha to phira bhI aisI raha jAtI haiM jinheM pahicAnanA aura paribhASita karanA kaThina hI hai : 1. bhArata meM sabase adhika pracalita lipi brAhmI / yaha lipi kI prakArAdika (alphabetic) praNAlI thI / 3. 4. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vaha lekhana praNAlI jo bhArata ke uttara-pazcima taka hI sImita rahI kharoSThI / isameM kArAdika varNamAlA to brAhmI ke samAna thI para lipi bhinna rahI / bhArata meM jJAta videzI lipiyAM : (ka) yavanAlI (yavanAnI ) -- yUnAnI (grIka) vANijya vyavasAya ke mAdhyama se bhArata isase paricita thA / yaha bhArata - bAstrI aura kuSAraNa sikkoM para bhI aMkita milatI hai / (kha) daradalipi ( darada logoM kI lipi) (ga) khasyA lipi (khasoM-zakoM kI lipi) (gha) cInA lipi (cInI lipi) (ca) hUNa lipi ( hUroM kI lipi) (cha) asura lipi (asuroM kI lipi, jo ki pazcima eziyA meM prAyoM kI zAkhA ke hI the / ) (ja) uttara kurudvIpa lipi (uttara kuru, himAlaya, uttara ke kSetra kI lipi) (jha) sAgara - lipi (samudrI kSetroM kI lipi) bhArata kI prAdezika lipiyA~: Adhunika prAdezika lipiyoM kI bhA~ti pUrvakAla meM brAhmI ke sAtha-sAtha aisI prAdezika lipiyA~ bhI rahI hoMgI jo yA to brAhmI kA hI rUpAntara hoM, yA usase hI vikasita yA vyutpanna hoM yA purA brAhmI yA tatkAlIna kisI anya svatantra lipi se vyutpanna na hoM / brAhmI ke rUpAntaroM ko chor3a kara uka sabhI kAlakavalita ho gyiiN| phira bhI nIce likhe nAmoM meM kucha kI smRti avaziSTa hai : (ka) pukharasArIya ( puSkarasArIya) adhika sambhAvanA yaha hai ki yaha pazcimI gAMdhAra meM pracalita rahI ho| jisakI rAjadhAnI puSkarAvatI thI / (kha) pahAraiya (uttara pahAr3I kSetra kI lipi) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #236
202/pANDulipi-vijJAna (ga) aMga lipi (aMga u0pU0 bihAra kI lipi) (gha) baMga lipi baMgAla meM pracalita lipi) (ca) magadha lipi (magadha meM pracalita lipi) (cha) dravir3a lipi (damili) (dravir3a pradeza kI lipi) (ja) kanArI lipi (kanArI kSetra kI lipi) (jha) dakSiNa lipi (dakhana (dakSiNa) kI lipi) (Ta) apara-gaumAdrir3a-lipi (pazcimI gaur3a kI lipi) (Tha) pUrva videha lipi (pUrva videha kI lipi) 5. janajAtiyoM kI (Tribal) lipiyA~ : (ka) gaMdharva lipi (gaMdhoM kI lipi, ye himAlaya kI jana-jAti haiN)| (kha) pauliMdI (puliMdoM kI : vidhyakSetra ke logoM kI) (ga) ugralipi (ugra logoM kI lipi) (gha) nAgalipi (nAgoM kI lipi) (ca) yakSalipi [yakSoM (himAlaya kI eka jAti) kI] (cha) kinnaralipi (kannaroM, himAlaya kI eka jAti kI lipi) (ja) garur3alipi (garur3oM kI lipi) 6. sAmpradAyika lipiyAM : (ka) mahesarI (mahessarI mAhezvarI, zaivoM meM pracalita eka lipi) (kha) bhImadeva lipi (bhUmi ke devatA (brAhmaNa) dvArA prayukta lipi) 7. citrarekhAnvita lipiyA~ : (ka) maMgalya lipi (eka maMgalakArI lipi) (kha) manuSya lipi (eka aisI lipi jisameM mAnava-prAkRtiyoM kA upayoga ho) (ga) prAMgulIya lipi (aMguliyoM ke se AkAra vAlI lipi) (gha) udhvaM dhanu lipi (car3he hue dhanuSa ke se AkAra vAlI lipi) (ca) puSpalipi (puSpAMkita lipi) (cha) mRgacakra lipi (vaha lipi jisameM pazuoM ke cakroM kA upayoga kiyA gayA ho|) (ja) cakra lipi (cakrAkAra rUpa vAlI lipi) (jha) bajra lipi (vajra ke samarUpa vAlI lipi) 4. smamaraNopakarI (Mnemonic) lipi (ka) graMkalipi (yA saMkhyA lipi) (kha) gaNita lipi (gaNita ke mAdhyama vAlI lipi) 9. ubhArI yA khodI lipi : (ka) prAdaMza yA pAyasa lipi (bAcyArthataH kutarI huI (bitten) arthAt chenI se khodI huI) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #237
lipi-samasyA/ 203 10. zailI-paraka lipiyAM : (ka) utkSepa lipi (Upara kI ora ubhAra kara (uchAlakara) likhI gayI lipi) (kha) nikSepa lipi (nIce kI ora bar3hA kara likhI gayI lipi) (ga) vikSepa lipi (saba aora se laMvita lipi) (gha) prakSepa lipi (eka ora vizeSa saMvaddhita lipi) (ca) madhyakSara vistAra lipi (vaha lipi jisameM madhya-akSara ko vizeSa sambaddhita kiyA gayA ho / ) 11. saMkramaNa-sthiti dyotaka lipi : vimizrita lipi (citrarekhAnvita, akSara (Sylla bics) tathA varNa se vimizrita lipi)| 12. tvarA lekhana : ___(ka) anudra ta lipi-zIghragati se likhane kI lipi yA tvarA lekhana kI lipi) 13. pustakoM ke lie viziSTa zailI : zAstrAvarta (pariniSThita kRtiyoM kI lipi) 14. hisAbakitAba kI viziSTa zailI : (ka) gaNAvarta (gaNita mizrita koI lipi) 15. daivI yA kAlpanika : (ka) devalipi (devatAoM kI lipi) (kha) mahoraga lipi sarpo (uragoM) kI lipi (ga) vAyumaru lipi (havAoM kI lipi) (gha) antarikSa-deva lipi (AkAza ke devatAoM kI lipi) daivI yA kAlpanika lipiyoM ko chor3a kara zeSa bheda yA rUpa bhArata ke vividha bhAgoM kI lipiyoM meM, par3osI dezoM kI lipiyoM meM, prAdezika lipiyoM meM aura anya citra-rekhA nanvayI yA prAlaMkArika lekhana meM kahIM na kahIM mila hI jAte haiM / isa lekhaka ne mohanajodar3o aura har3appA kI lipi ko vimizrita lipi mAnA hai jisameM saMkramaNa sUcaka citrarekhaka (pictographs), bhAvacitra rekhika (ideographs) tathA dhvani- trika (akSara) rUpa milejule milate haiM / kintu aThAraha lipiyoM kA ullekha kaI pramANoM meM milatA hai / isa sambandha meM hama punaH zrI bahurA jI kI TippaNI uddhRta karate haiM : __ varNaka samuccaya meM madhyakAlIna aTThAraha lipiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. uDDI (ur3iyA), 2. kIrI, 3. caNakkI, 4. jakkhA (yakSa lipi), 5. javaNI (yAvanI grIka lipi), 6. turakkI (turkI), 7. drAvir3I, 8. naDi, nAgarI (I0saM0 kI 1. Pandey, Rajbali-Indian Palaeography, P.25-28. 2. Ibid. P. 29. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #238
204/pANDulipi-vijJAna 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda meM vikasita) 9. nimitrI (jyotiSa sambandhI), 10. pArasI, 11. mUyalibi, mAlaviNI (mAlava pradezIya lipi), 12. mUladevI (caurazAstra ke praNetA mUladeva praNIta saMketa lipi), 13. rakvazI (rAkSasI), 14. lADali (lATa pradezIya), 15. sidhaviyA (siMdhI, 16. haMsalipi (Arrow headed alphabets) ke nAma to lAvaNyamamayakRta 'vimalaprabandha' meM milate haiM aura inase jUnI (prAcIna) lipiyoM ke nAma, 17. javagAliyA athavA javaNaniyA aura 18. dAmili aora hai / ___'pannavaNA sUtra' kI prAcIna prati meM 18 lipiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM :-1. baMgI, 2. javaNAli, 3. dosApuriyA, 4. kharoTThI, 5. pukkharasAriyA, 6. bhogavaiyA, 7. pahArAiyA, 8. upaaMtaririkkhayA, 9. akkharapiThiyA, 10. tevaraNaiyA (vevaNaiyA) 11. giligahaiyA, 12. aMkalipi, 13. gaNitalipi, 14. gaMdhavva lipi, 15. AdaMsa (prAyasa) lipi, 16. mAhesarI, 17. damilI, 18. poliNdii| _ 'jaina samavAyAMga sUtra' kI racanA azoka se pUrva huI mAnI jAtI hai| isameM dI huI aTThAraha lipiyoM kI sUcI meM brAhmI aura kharoSThI ke atirikta jina lipiyoM ke nAma die gae haiM unameM likhA huA koI zilAlekha prApta nahIM huA hai / sambhavataH ve sabhI luptaprAyaH ho gaI hoMgI aura unakA sthAna brAhmI ne hI le liyA hogaa| ___ isI prakAra 'vizeSAvazyaka sUtra' kI gAthA 464 kI TIkA meM bhI 18 lipiyoM ke nAma ginAye gae haiM-1. haMsa lipi, 2. mualipi, 3. jakkhItaTa lipi, 4. rakkhI athavA bodhaghA, 5. uDDI; 6. javaNI, 7. turukkI, 8. kIrI, 9. daviDI, 10. siMdhaviyA, 11. mAlaviNI, 12. nar3i, 13. nAgari, 14. lADalipi, 15. pArIsI vA bodhaghA, 16. tahaanimitIya lipi, 17. cANakkI, 18. muuldevii| 'samabAyAMgasUtra' aura 'vizeSAvazyaka' TIkA meM AyI huI 18 lipiyoM ke nAmoM meM bar3A antara hai| 'samavAyAMga' meM brAhmI aura kharoSThI ke nAma pAte haiM parantu vizeSAvazyaka TIkA meM eziyA aura bhArata ke pradezoM ke nAmoM para AdhArita tathA katipaya prasiddha puruSoM kI nAmAzrita lipiyoM ke nAma dekhane ko milate haiM, yathA-turukkI, siMdhaviyA, daviDI, mAlaviNI, pArasI ye dezoM ke nAma para haiM aura bANakkI, mUladevI Adi vyakti vizeSa dvArA nirmita haiM / rakkhasI aura pArasI donoM ke paryAya bodhaghA die haiN| ye donoM eka hI thIM kyA ? samavAyAMgasUtra vAlI sUcI spaSTa hai / inameM kucha to zuddha sAMketika lipiyA~ haiM jo amuka-amuka varNoM kA sUcana karatI haiM aura kucha eka hI lipi ke vargoM meM krama-parivartana karake svarUpa-grahaNa karatI haiM, yathAcANakkI aura mUladevI lipiyA~ nAgarI ke vargoM meM parivartana karake hI utpanna kI gayI haiM / vAtsyAyana kRta 'kAmasUtra' meM parigaNita 64 kalAoM meM aisI lipiyoM kA bhI ullekha AtA he aura inako 'mlecchita vikalpa kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / jaba zuddha zabda ke akSaroM meM vikalpa yA pheraphAra karake use aspaSTa artha vAlA banA diyA jAtA hai to vaha 'mlecchita vikalpa' kahalAtA hai, yathA- 'ka', 'sa', 'tha' aura 'da' se 'kSa' taka ke akSaroM ko hrasva aura dIrgha tathA anusvAra aura visarga, ina sabako ulTA krama karake anta meM kSa lagAkara likhane se durbodhya 'cANakyI' lipi bana jAtI hai| praka, kha ga, gha Ga, ca Ta, tapa, yaza, inako lasta arthAt a kI jagaha ka, kha ke sthAna para ga rakhane tathA zeSa ko yathAvat rakhane se mUladevIya rUpa ho jAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #239
lipi-samasyA 205 News gUr3ha lekha-graha 9-aiuRlaeaioau, nayana-2 dIrgha, vasu 8-kakhagaghaGa cachaja, SaDAnana 6jhayaTaThaDaDha, sAgara 7-Natathadadhanapa, muni 7-phababhamayarala, jvalanAMga 5-vazaSasaha, tuMkazRMgavisarga-anusvAra / isa kuJjI se likhA gUr3ha lekha kahalAtA hai-"grahanayanavasusametaM paDAnanakhyAni sAgarA munayaH / jvalanAMga tuMkazRMga dulikhitaM gUr3ha lekhyAmidam / / yathAvasu 1 = + graha 1 nayana = A = ka + a + A = kA 4 =m --graha 1 = ma+ sAgara 4 = d+ graha 6 = da + e jvalanAMga 1 = ba+graha 1 =ba+a = kAmadeva eva "prakArA anye'pi draSTavyAH" isI prakAra aMka pallavI, zUnya pallavI aura rekhA pallavI lipiyA~ bhI hotI thiiN| graMka pallavI meM pahalA aMka varNa kA dyotaka, dUsarA usa varga ke akSara kA aura tIsarA mAtrA kA dyotaka hotA hai / apahalA varga hai, sabhI svara isake akSara haiN| ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa, ya aura za ye anya varga haiN| ina vargoM ke aMka ye hoMge : 1 = a varga-svara varga, 2 = ka varga, 3 = ca varga, 4 = Ta varga, 5 = ta varga, 6 = pa varga tathA 7 = yaralava evaM 8 = zaSasaha / aMka pallavI meM lekha yoM likhA jAyegA212 651 537 7 41 kA zUnyAMkoM meM halkI aura gaharI zUnya se laghu aura guru kA saMketa kiyA jAtA hai, isI prakAra rekhAMkoM meM halkI-gaharI aura bar3I-choTI rekhAoM se saMketa banAye jAte haiN| kitanI hI prAcIna tAr3apatrIya aura kAgaja para likhI pratiyoM meM akSarAtmaka aMka bhI pAye jAte haiM, jaise-romana-lipi meM 10 (10) ke lie X, 50 (50) ke lie L, 100 (100) ke lie C akSaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise dasa, bIsa, tIsa prAdi dazaka saMkhyAoM ke sUcaka akSara likhe jAte haiM, parantu zUnya ke sthAna para zUnya hI calatA hai, jaisela = 10, tha = 20, lA = 30, pta = 40, 0 = 50, \ = 60, \ = 70,0 = 80,0 = 90, () 0 0 0 su = 100, sU = 200, stA = 300, sti = 400, sto = 500, staM = 600, staH = 70) 0 0 0 ) 0 ityAdi / hama dekhate haiM ki ina saMkhyAtroM ka por3I paMkti meM na likha kara Upara-nIce khar3I paMkti meM likhA jAtA hai| kucha aMkoM ke sthAna para dahAI meM ve aMka hI apane rUpa meM likhe jAte haiM aura kucha ke lie anya akSara niyata haiM, yathA-la = 11, la = 12, la = 13, parantu, 14 ke lie luM likhA jaayegaa| isI prakAra lU = 15, la = 16, lu = 17, la = 18, ryA brA la = 19 ityaadi| eka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #240
206/pANDulipi-vijJAna hamAre bacapana meM caTazAlAeM calatI thiiN| caTazAlAe~ sambhavataH ceTTizAlA kA rUpAntara haiM / ceTTi zabda ziSya kA vAcaka hai| caTazAlA ke bar3e chAtra yA adhyApaka ko jozIjI kahate the / mAnITara ko 'varacaTTI' kahA jAtA thaa| una dinoM pahale eka paTare para gerU yA lAla miTTI bichA kara lakar3I ke 'barate' se akSara likhanA sikhAyA jAtA thaa| phira lakar3I kI pATI para multAnI pota kara neje (sarakaNDe) kI kalama aura goMdavAlI kAlI syAhI se sulekha likhAyA jAtA thaa| isako 'akSara jamAnA' kahate the| pahale varNamAlA phira gaNita pATI Adi to likhAte hI the, parantu bar3e chAtroM ko 'siddhA' arthAt kAtantra sUtra "siddho varNAH' likhAte the--para sAtha hI, hameM yAda hai ki eka 'dAtAsI' lipi bhI likhAI jAtI thii| isako jAnane vAlA sabase catura chAtra samajhA jAtA thA-svara to vahI rahate haiM, parantu 32 vyaMjanoM ke lie ye akSara hote the : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 zrI dA - tA - dha - na - ko - sa - mA - vo - vA - la 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ma-hi - Sa - go - gha - TI - prA - I -pU - cha -ja-DA-tha-DhA 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 iti daataasii| u-ca-rI- ya-Tha-raNa -- jha - phU isakA dUsarA sUtra isa prakAra hai dAtA dharaNa kosa bhAvaM, bAlA mahaM khagaM ghaTA / AzA pIThaM jaDhe SaNDe, cayaM ricchaM thanaM jhaphA / / iti daataasii| varNa viparyaya dvArA likhI jAne vAlI eka sahadevI vidhi bhI hai, jisakA krama isa prakAra hai : prapa / phaba / mama / kaca / khacha / gaja / ghajha / GaJa / Tata / Thatha / Dada / Dhadha / Nana / haya / zava / rasa / laSa // iti sahadevI lipi vyAvahArika samasyAyeM : yahA~ taka hamane aitihAsika dRSTi se lipi ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA hai / sAtha hI vividha lipiyoM kI varNamAlAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke adhyetA aura abhyAsI ko to Aja vividha granthAgAroM meM upalabdha granthoM kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai / ina granthoM meM devanAgarI ke hI kucha akSaroM ke aise rUpa milate haiM ki unheM par3hanA kaThina hotA hai / isa dRSTi se aise kucha akSaroM kA jJAna yahA~ karA denA upayukta pratIta hotA hai / ___eka anusandhAnakartA gujarAta ke granthAgAroM ke granthoM kA upayoga karane gaye to unheM eka pratiSThita prAcArya ne aise hI viziSTa akSaroM kI eka akSarAvalI dI thI aura usa akSarAvalI ke kAraNa unheM vahA~ ke granthoM ko par3hane meM kaThinAI nahIM huii| vaha akSarAvalI 1. satyendra (DaoN0)-anusandhAna, pR. 111 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #241
lipi-samasyA/207 nIce dI jAtI hai : u a o au cha ja jha u,U,, , , Da., 2, 5. 8 . bha la za sa . hai kha bhaba 5 sapa (kake, (ke kai, kAskI, ko ko , on ku, kAkU saMyukta varNa a.ja.68, 4 , kA , in-3 me 2% 3D U , malla-jamata da0 2 // ta 6 mma kAvya... 6% . isa akSarAvalI para dRSTi DAlane se eka bAta to yaha vidita hotI hai ki 'u U pro yau' cAroM svaroM meM 'mUla svara' kA eka rUpa hai, u U meM bhI aura 'bho yau' meM bhI vaha hai 11 isameM zirorekhA dekara 'u' banAyA gayA hai isI meM 'ja' kI mAtrA lagAkara '' banAyA gayA hai / yaha 'U' kI mAtrA -" aura yaha azokakAlIna brAhmI kI 'U' kI mAtrA kA hI avazeSa hai jo Aja taka calA A rahA hai| o au meM 2 kI rekhA ko 3 kI bhA~ti vRttAMvita yA ghuNDIyukta kara diyA gayA hai| phira 3 para zirorekhA meM bhI azoka lipi kI paramparA milatI hai| donoM ora '_' yaha lagAne meM 'yau' banatA hai, ye 'no' kI mAtrAeM haiM / 'nau' kI mAtrA meM bhI eka rekhA (U) kI mAtrA ke sira para car3hAI gayI hai / ye brAhmI ke avazeSa haiN| yahI pravRtti ku-kumeM bhI milatI hai| ke ke, ko kau meM baMgalA lipi kI mAtrAoM se sahAyatA lI gaI hai| aba yahA~ kucha vistAra se rAjasthAna ke granthoM meM milane vAlI akSarAvalI yA varNamAlA para vistAra se vaijJAnika vizleSagApUrvaka vicAra DaoN. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ke zabdoM meM diye jAte haiM : rAjasthAnI kI aura rAjasthAna meM upalabdha pratiyoM ke vizeSa sandarbha meM unakI varNamAlA viSayaka jJAtavya bAteM nimnalikhita haiM--- 1. (ka) rAjasthAna meM upalabdha granthoM meM prayoga meM AyI devanAgarI kI varNamAlA kI kucha vizeSatAeM kahIM-kahIM milatI haiN| unheM hama ina vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #242
208/pANDulipi-vijJAna (a) vivAdAspada varNa (A) bhrAnta varNa (i) pramAda se likhe gaye varNa (I) viziSTa varNa cihna, unakA prayoga karanA athavA na karanA tathA (u) udAtta-anudAtta-dhvani varNa pahale pratyeka ke ekAdha udAharaNa dekara inako spaSTa karanA hai : (a) vivAdAspada (Controversial) varNo ke udAharaNa 1-tha 7 hai| hu tha (saM. 1887 poha sudi 1 ko likhe gae ca / ya ca / . bIkAnera paravAne se) anya paravAnoM meM bhI aise hI rUpa donoM ke milate haiM, tha 7, 8 saM. 1907 taka / prayoga ke udAharaNa thApa> chApa/heka theka thA > dA/char3I 7 thahI tho , cho/khuNaTuNo thuNathuNo 2-ra>da / d>r| dAra ra 18 (ye rUpa sabhI pratiyoM aura paravAnoM meM) - cavarA > cavadA / cavadA > cavarA (4) (14) (ba) 3-tha > va / ba> th| 1 thobar3o > bobdd'o| (grA) 1--cha > ba / va > cha (paranArI churI > burI / (paranArI dAnIdarI) baMda > chaMda / / burI) padghar3iyA chd| chApa > bApa > a to mhAre chApa kA / au to mhAre bApa kA / / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #243
lipi-samasyA 209 2-Ta> ddh| baTa baTa gayA ivAMNI (ajJAnI pRthak-pRthak ho gae) (mela-milApa na rakhakara) baDha baDha gayA ivANI (ajJAnI kaha bar3ha gae) 3--bha > m| bharer3I > marer3I 4--sa >ma / sisiyara > misiyara (candramA) (kAlA, kAle varga kA, kAle varNa ke samUha kA) 5--cha> dh| chamachama karatI aaii| dhamadhama karatI aaii| 6-c>v| cAMdaNo > vAMdaNo 7----ja > t| jANyo tero jt| na jA , jANyo tero tt| ja 8--Nya >nn| pApA jANyo paNa pANyo nahIM + (AnA kintu lAyA nahIM) jANo paNa prANo nahIM - (jAnate ho kintu lAte nahIM) 9-ta > tt| "tUTego 'TUTego ta Ta ra . 10- >gh| dhaNa joM yAM kAI mila / (striyoM ko dekhane se kyA milatA hai) ghaNa joM yAM kAI mile / [adhika (AturatA) dikhAne se kyA milatA hai] 11-na > t| na na ta nAto tere nAma ro| (tere nAma kA nAtA hai) tAtau terai nAma ro| (tere nAma kA premI hU~) 12-4 > m| papama, par3e par3a tAla samaMdA paarii| (samudroM ke pAra taka khabara hotI hai) ma. mar3a tAla samaMdA pArI (sarovaroM, samudroM ke pAra taka lAzeM hI lAzeM haiM / ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #244
210/pANDulipi-vijJAna 13-pha > ka pha pha . phara pharar3ATo Ayo kara karar3ATo Ayo 14- >m| jaya kuMNa jANa / jama kuMNa jANa / 15-ma > s| mAna nihorA kita rahyA / sAna nihorA kita rahyA / 16-ha > dd| ha. hai . hai, 17-Da > da / haDUkiyo > Dakiyo Delha > delha (suprasiddha kavi kA nAma) (ba) bhrAmaka varNa prapatanapata / napata trapata 2-halanta 'ra' ke lie do akSaroM ke bIca ...-'" cihna bhI likhA milatA hai (aneka pratiyoM meM) / satrahavIM zatAbdI kI pratiyoM meM apekSAkRta adhika / udAharaNArtha : ghAvA >> dhAnya mAvA > mAnyA isase ye bhrama ho sakate haiM :(a) sambhavataH dhA aura yA ko milAyA gayA hai (dhAkhyA > dhaa-yaa)| (ba) sambhavataH ina donoM ke bIca koI akSara, mAtrAdi chUTa gayA hai| (sa) sambhavataH isake pazcAt zabda samUha yA aola (paMkti) chUTa gaI hai| isako koI cihna-vizeSa na samajhakara 'ra' kA halanta rUpa (-) samajhanA cAhie yaha (-) antima akSara ke sAtha jur3e hue rUpa meM milatI hai, pRthak nhiiN| (sa) pramAva se likhe gaye barNa isa zIrSaka ke antargata ullikhita ( a ) vivAdAspada (Controversial) aura For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #245
lipi-samasyA/211 (prA) bhrAmaka (Confusing) donoM varga bhI sammilita hai| aba yahA~ pramAdI lekhana se kyA pariNAma hote haiM aura kyA kaThinAiyo ghar3I hotI haiM, unheM dekhanA hai| pahale mAtrAoM para dhyAna jAtA hai : (1) bhASA: 17 / kA kA kA 7 kii| kA > kI 2-(ka) u > a (kha) o > A A (ka) mA dha sAtrA ( 13) (kha) kAmodarI > kAmAdarI kAmAdarI kAmAdarI 41504 dRSTavya hai ki aneka hastalikhita pratiyoM meM do mAtrAe~ baMgAlI lipi kI bhAMti lagI milatI haiN| yaha pravRtti 19vIM zatAbdI taka kI pratiyoM meM pAI jAtI haiM / donoM mAtrAeM naM0 (1) meM iSTavya haiN| yaha pravRtti bIkAnera ke 'darabAra pustakAlaya' meM surakSita granthoM meM vizeSa milI haiN| - 37 a e aise e 4- o au au 7 o . ) pratIta hotA hai ki yaha gurumukhI ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai aura yaha pravRtti 18vIM zatAbdI aura usase Age likhe granthoM meM adhika milatI hai| aba hama ina vargoM meM milane vAle vaiziSTya ko le sakate haiM : (2) varNa: ka> ph| ss>p| dRSTavya hai ki rAjasthAnI meM 'kha' varNa 19vIM zatAbdI taka kI pratiyoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / badale meM 'Sa' hI pAyA jAtA hai / isake apavAda .. . ye haiM : 1. saMskRta zabda meM 'kha' bhI milatA hai, 2. brAhmaNa pratilipi kAroM ne donoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #246
212/pANDulipi-vijJAna ga > ma / syAhI kI adhikatA, panne kA phaTanA, syAhI kA phailanA tathA likhe hue para likhane ke kAraNa kucha kA kucha par3hanA milatA hai / isase artha kA anartha bahuta huA hai| ca > vaya tha jha> bhuyA bhu > jha / pha > pu| pu >pha / baMgalA lipi ke anusAra likhita 'u' meM yathA jhama > bhuma / yahA~ bha meM '(u) kI mAtrA milAyI gayI hai, isase 'bha' 'jha' lagane lagA hai| Ta >tth| tth>tt| > u| u> dd| m da > ba / ba da / kha > sta (dvivatya yukta t) lata na / na jalana va > n| - sa> yya tra> pta / ta (tra) dRSTavya hai ki isa varga ke antargata jo udAharaNa milate haiM, ve ameka haiM aura pratyeka lipikAra ke anusAra badalate, ghaTate-bar3hate rahate haiM / 'makSikA sthAne makSikA pAta' ke siddhAnta pAlana karane vAle mAmUlI par3he-likhe lipikAra aisI bhUleM kiyA karate haiM / (da) viziSTa varNa-cihna ya aura va ke nIce bindI lagAne kI prathA rAjasthAna meM bahuta purAne kAla se hai / inako kramazaH ya aura va likhA jAtA hai| purAne DhaMga kI pAThazAlAoM meM varNamAlA sikhAte samaya 'vavA takai sa bIMdalI' tathA 'yayiyo peTaka' aura 'yayiyo vIMdaka' batAyA jAtA thaa| vavA tale sa vIMdalI arthAt 'va' ke tale bindI (va) / yayiyo peTaka arthAt ya zuddha / yayiyA vIMdaka arthAt ya ke nIce bindI (y)| 17vIM zatAbdI taka ya ya do pRthaka dhvaniyA~ thIM, isake saMketa rUpa meM pramANa milate haiN| usake pazcAt zabda ke Adi ke ya ko to pa aura bIca ke pa ko ya karake likhA jAtA rahA / aThArahavIM zatAbdI aura usake bAda kI pratiyoM meM pratyeka 'ya' ko 'ya' karake hI likhA jAne lagA cAhe Adi meM ho yA madhya meM yA anta meM / ya (pra) aura (ya) ke bIca dhvani (yeh, yes ko yeh jaise bolate haiM) rahI thii| isI prakAra va aura va meM antara hai| va ko W aura ba ko V kI sI dhvaniyA~ mAna sakate haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki prAcIna lipi meM bindI lagAI jAtI thI jo artha-bheda spaSTa karane kA prayAsa thA / aThArahavIM zatAbdI se (ya, ya) kI bhA~ti va va ko bhI va karake likhA jAne lgaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #247
lipi- samasyA / 213 inase phAyadA yaha hai ki eka to va aura ya kA nizcita patA cala jAtA hai, anyathA kopa, ya ko mayApa Adi zrAdi samajhane kI bhrAMti ho sakatI hai / dUsare yaha patA laga jAtA hai ki yA to racanA, athavA lipikAra, rAjasthAnI hai, aura sAmAnyatayA jo bhUleM rAjasthAnI lipikAra karatA hai, ve sambandhita prati meM bhI hoMgI / Da aura r3a pRthak dhvaniyA~ haiM / kahIM-kahIM donoM ke lie kevala 'Da' hI likhA milatA hai / pahacAna yaha hai ki 'Da' zrAdi meM nahIM prAtA / isake atirikta jo bhrAMti ho sakatI hai, usakA nirAkaraNa anya upAyoM se hogA / candra bindu kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM hotA / jahA~ candra bindu jaisA prayoga hotA hai, nizcita samajhanA cAhie ki yA to yaha chUTe hue aMza ko dyotita karane kA ( ) cihna hai, athavA bar3I 'I' kI mAtrA ( hajAroM pratiyoM meM mujhe to eka bhI candra bindu kA udAharaNa nahIM milA / ) dhyAtavya hai ki gujarAtI lipi meM candra-bindu nahIM hai / bhASA - zAstrIya aura sAMskRtika dRSTiyoM rAjasthAna kA usase vizeSa sambandhoM ke kAraNa bhI aisA huA lagatA hai / kSa ko Sya likhA jAtA hai| unnIsavIM zatAbdI se 'kSa' bhI likhA milane lagatA hai, kintu yaha dhvani saMskRta zabdoM ke atirikta rAjasthAnI meM nahIM hai / Ga nahIM hai / dhyAtavya hai ki r3a ko 'Ga' karake likhA jAtA hai isako 'Da' samajhanA cAhie 'Ga' nahIM / 'Ja' ko pAThazAlAoM meM to 'nadiyo khAMDo cA~da' karake par3hAyA jAtA thA / khaMDita candrAkAra hone se isako aisA kahA gayA / kevala bArahakhar3I kAvya meM hI 'Ja' AyA hai / isI prakAra 'Da' bhI bArahakhar3I kAvya meM prayukta huA hai / anya sthAnoM para ye do (Ga aura Ja) nahIM Ate / jJa ko sadA gya karake likhA jAtA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only virAma cihnoM ke lie cAra bAteM dekhane meM AI haiM- (,) komA kA prayoga nahIM hotA, kevala pUrNa virAma kA hotA hai| (2) pUrNa virAma yA to ( 1 ) kI bhA~ti likhA jAtA hai athavA (3) visarga kI bhA~ti ( : ) yA (4) kucha sthAna chor3a diyA jAtA hai / virAma cihna rUpa meM visarga akSara se ThIka jur3atI huI lagAkara kucha jagaha chor3akara lagAI jAtI hai, yathA 'jAgo cAhijai kAma karaNau cAhije' Adi / isI prakAra kucha na lagAkara rikta sthAna chor3ane kA tAtparya bhI pUrNa virAma hai, yathA 'jANo cAhijai = kAma kararaNo cAhije' / rekhAMkita sthAna para pUrNa virAma mAnanA cAhie / na chUTe hue akSara aura mAtrAdi, tathA jur3ave saMketa (-) ke lie ye bAteM dRSTavya haiM:chUTA huA akSara dAe~, bA~e hAziye meM, mAtrAdi bhI hAziye meM likhI jAtI haiM / kisa hAziye meM kauna-sA akSara aura mAtrAdi likhA jAye isakA sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki Adhe se pUrva taka koI akSarAdi chUTa gayA hai, to bAe~ meM aura bAda meM koI akSarAdi chUTa gayA hai to dAe~ meM likhA jAtA hai| isakA cihna athavA / athavA L hai / antima ko AdhA pa yA = na samajhanA caahie| hai, to vaha prAyaH Upara ke sthAna para yA nIce ke sthAna para likhI jAtI hai / mUla likhAvaTa meM do sthAnoM para cihna dekara Upara yA nIce (o) yA (vo) likhakara chUTI huI paMkti likhate haiM / yaha paMkti pradhAna bAe~ hAziye se kucha haTakara dAhinI ora hotI hai, tAki pAThaka ko AsAnI se patA cala jAe (pro arthAt prolI - Live, aura vo arthAt volI > zrolI / yadi ardha yA pUrNa paMkti chUTa gaI AA

Page #248
214/pANDulipi-vijJAna likhate samaya yadi zabda to pUrA likhA gayA kintu mAtrA chUTa gaI yA sthAna nahIM rahA to vaha bAe~ yA dAe~ hAziye meM likhI jaaegii| Adhe vAlA niyama yahA~ bhI lAgU hogA / isase kabhI-kabhI bar3A bhrama utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM tIsarI sthiti yaha hai ki yadi AdhA zabda likhA gayA aura eka yA adhika usake akSara likhe jAne se raha gae to lipikAra hAziye meM eka cihna (5) detA hai, isako prA (1) yA pUrNa virAma (1) samajhanA caahie| yaha sadaiva dAe~ hAzie meM hI hogA / udAharaNArtha eka zabda 'prakaraNa' ko leN| likhate samaya pUrva paMkti meM aka taka likhA gayA kyoMki bAda meM hAziyA A gayA thA / isako yoM likhA jAegA-aka / raNa / bhUla se isako akAraNa na samajhanA caahie| . (hAziyA) vidvAnoM ne upayukta cAroM vargoM vAlI aneka bhUleM kI haiM / pATha ko har3abar3I meM par3hane, pratiprakRti ko ThIka se na samajhane Adi-Adi ke kAraNa aisI bhUleM huI haiM / eka atyanta manoraMjaka udAharaNa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai / DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI ne apane zodha prabandha 'madhyakAlIna hindI khaNDa kAvya' meM rAmalatA kRta rukmaNI-maMgala kA paricaya diyA hai| usa mUla prati meM pannoM kA vyatikrama thA jo DaoN. tivArI ke dhyAna meM nahIM AyA / dhyAna meM na Ane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki 'maMgala' meM chanda saMkhyA krama se na hokara rAgoM ke antargata pRthakapRthaka hai / krama se yadi saMkhyA hotI to ve saMgati baiThA lete / isa prati ko kramAnusAra (arenja) na karake usI rUpa meM unhoMne likhA hai| isa kAraNa unakA yaha samUcA aMza sarvathA galata aura bhrAMtipUrNa ho gayA hai| __ (I) udAtta-anudAtta dhvaniyoM se sambandhita koI cihna nahIM hai, kevala prasaMga, artha aura anubhava jJAna se hI sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / kahIM-kahIM to yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / eka udAharaNa yaha hai, zabda hai 'sAMDa' yaha sAMDa bhI ho sakatA hai aura sAMDa bhI / sAM'-Da kA tAtparya U~TanI hai / jahA~ aneka pazuoM kI nAmAvalI Adi ho, vahA~ bar3I bhrAMti kI saMbhAvanA hai, kyoMki udAtta aura anudAtta zabda ke artha bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / isI prakAra dhana aura dha'na hai / dhana arthAt sampatti aura dha'na (dha'Na) arthAt ptnii| upasaMhAra isa adhyAya ko samApta karane se pUrva eka bAta kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karanA aAvazyaka pratIta hotA hai / gujarAta ke pustakAlayoM/graMthAgAroM ke graMthoM ko par3hane ke lie eka akSarAvalI eka vidvAna ne zodha-chAtra ko dI thI / prazna yaha hai ki vaha unheM kahA~ se upalabdha haI thI ? phira DaoN0 mAhezvarI ne jo vividha akSara-rUpoM ko uddhRta kara udAharaNapUrvaka hastalekhoM ko par3hane kI ar3acanoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, usake lie unheM sAmagrI kisane dI ? donoM kA uttara hai ki 'svAnubhava' se / ina do udAharaNoM se mile isa niSkarSa ke anusAra pANDulipi vijJAnavid ko cAhiye ki vaha anya kSetroM meM pANDulipiyoM ko dekhakara unake AdhAra para aisI hI kSetrIya lipi-mAlAeM taiyAra karAye / ye svayaM usake upayoga meM A sakeMgI tathA anya anusaMdhitmanoM ko bhI pANDulipiyoM kI zodha meM sahAyaka ho skeNgii| ... vividha kSetrIya varNamAlAoM ke samasyA-zodhaka rUpa prastuta ho jAne para tulanAtmaka AdhAra para Age ke caraNa ko prastuta kara sakanA saMbhava hogaa| isa prakAra kisI bhI eka lipi ke vyavahAra-kSetra kI samasta samasyAe~ eka sthAna para mila sakeMgI aura unake samAdhAna kA mArga bhI tulanAtmaka paddhati se prazasta ho skegaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #249
adhyAya 6 pAThAlocana 'lipi' kI samasyA ke pazcAt 'pATha' AtA hai| pratyeka grantha kA mUla lekhaka jo likhatA hai vaha mUla pATha hotA hai / mUla pATha-svayaM lekhaka ke hAtha kA likhA huA pATha bahuta mahattvapUrNa aura mUlyavAna vastu hotI hai / yadi kisI bhI hastalekhAgAra meM kisI bhI graMtha kA mUla pATha surakSita hai to usa graMthAgAra kI pratiSThA aura gaurava bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai| aisI prati kA mUlya vastutaH rupaye-paisoM meM nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| ataH aise graMtha para AgArAdhyakSa ko vizeSa dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai / mUla-pATha ke upayoga mUla-pATha ke kitane hI upayoga haiM / kucha upayoga nimnalikhita prakAra ke haiM : 1- lekhaka kI lipi-lekhana zailI kA patA calatA hai jisase usako likhate samaya kI sthiti aura abhyAsa kA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai| 2-usakI apanI vartanI-viSayaka nIti kA patA calatA hai / 3-graMtha-saMghaTana sampAdana meM mUla-pATha prAdarza kA kAma de sakatA hai| vastutaH pAThAlocana-vijJAna isa mUlapATha kI khoja karane vAlA vijJAna hI hai| 4-mUla-pATha se lekhaka kI zabdArtha-viSayaka-pratibhA kA zuddha jJAna hotA hai| 5-mUlapATha se anya upalabdha pAThoM ko milAne se pAThAntaroM aura pAThabhedoM meM lipi, vartanI aura zabdArtha ke rUpAntara meM hone vAlI prakriyA kA patA cala jAtA hai| isa prakriyA kA jJAna anya pAThAlocanoM meM bahuta sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| 6--mUlapATha ke kAgaja, syAhI, pRSThAMkana, tithilekhana, citra, hAziyA, har3atAla upayoga, AkAra, graMthana Adi se bahuta-sI aitihAsika bAteM vidita ho sakatI haiM yA unakI puSTi-apuSTi ho sakatI hai / kAgaja-syAhI Adi ke alaga-alaga itihAsa meM bhI ye bAteM upayogI haiM / lipika kA sarjana ataH hastalekhAdhikArI ko apekSita hai ki vaha inake sambandha meM sAmAnya vaijJAnika aura aitihAsika sUcanAe~ apane pAsa rakhe / ye sUcanAe~ usake svayaM ke lie bhI upayogI aura mArga-darzaka ho sakatI haiM / kintu sabhI hastalekha mUlapATha meM nahIM hote haiM / ve to mUlapATha ke vaMza kI Age kI kaI pIr3hiyoM se Age ke ho sakate haiN| mUlapATha se prArambha meM jitanI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra huI ve sabhI mUlapATha ke vaMza kI prathama sthAnIya saMtAne mAnI jA sakatI haiM / mUla-pATha se hI mAna lIjiye tIna lipika pratilipi prastuta karate haiMvaha isa prakAra : pahalA lipika-3 pratiyA~ dUsarA lipika --2 pratiyA~ tIsarA lipika -4 pratiyA~ For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #250
216/pANDulipi-vijJAna aba yaha spaSTa hai ki pratyeka lipika apanI hI paddhati se pratilipi prastuta kregaa| hama isa sambandha meM 'anusaMdhAna' meM jo likha cuke haiM use uddhRta karanA samIcIna samajhate haiM : pATha kI azuddhi aura lipika "prAcInakAla meM presa ke abhAva meM graMthoM ko lipika dvArA likhavA-likhavA kara par3hane vAloM ke lie prastuta kiyA jAtA thA / phala yaha hotA thA ki lipika kI kitanI hI prakAra kI ayogyatAoM ke kAraNa pATha azuddha ho jAtA thA, yathA lipika meM racayitA kI lipi ko ThIka-ThIka par3hane kI yogyatA na ho to pATha azuddha ho jaaygaa| sabhI lekhakoM ke hastalekha sundara nahIM hote, yadi lipika buddhimAna na huA aura graMtha ke viSaya se aparicita huA athavA usakA zabdakoSa bahuta sImita huaA to vaha kisI zabda ko kucha kA kucha likha sakatA hai| zabda vikAra : kAlpanika ____ 'rAma' ko rAya par3ha lenA yA 'rAya' ko rAma par3ha lenA asambhava nahIM / ra aura va (ra va) ko 'kha' samajhA jA sakatA hai / aise eka nahIM aneka sthala kisI bhI hastalikhita graMtha ko par3hane meM Ate haiM, jahA~ kiMcit asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa kucha kA kucha par3hA jA sakatA hai aura phalataH lipika bhrama se kucha kA kucha likha sakatA hai| isa bhrama kI paramparA lipika se lipika taka calate-calate kisI mUla zabda meM bhayaMkara vikAra paidA kara detI hai, pariNAmataH kAvya ke artha hI kucha ke kucha ho jAte haiM, udAharaNArtha--- lekhaka ne likhA -rAma pahale lipika ne par3hA dUsare ne ise par3hA -rAca (likhane meM ya kI zIrSa rekhA kucha haTA lI to 'ya' ko 'ca' par3ha liyA gayA / ) tIsare ne ise par3hA ---saca (use lagA ki ra aura 'pA' ke DaMDe ke bIca 'sa' banAne vAlI rekhA bhUla se chUTa gaI hai|) cauthe ne ise par3hA -satra ('ca' lipika kI zailI ke kAraNa catra par3hA jA sakatA hai|) pA~cave ne ise par3hA -ruca ('sa' ko jaldI meM ru ke rUpa meM likhA yA par3hA jA sakatA hai|) isa zabda ke vikAra kA yaha eka kAlpanika itihAsa diyA gayA hai, para hotA aisA hI hai, inameM saMdeha nahIM / isake kucha yathArtha udAharapa bhI yahA~ diye jAte haiM : zabda-vikAra-~-yathArtha udAharaNa 'padmAvata'-~meM "hoi lagA jeMvanAra susArA-pAThaH sA. pa. gupta ___ "hoi lagA jeMvanAra pasAhA---pAThaH prA. zukla eka ne 'sasArA' par3hA, dUsare ne 'pasArA' / 'mAnasa' ke eka pATha meM eka sthAna para 'susArA' hai, bAbU zyAmasundara dAsa ke pATa meM 'supArA' hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #251
pAThAlocana/217 - 'kAvya nirNaya' (bhikhArIdAsa) meM eka caraNa hai : "ahaTa karai tAhI karana" carabana pherabadAra ise eka ne likhA ca rabana ke khadAra dUsare ne ciriyana phe ra badAra tIsare ne caravadana phe khadAra cauthe ne cakhana pherabadAra pramAda kA pariNAma lipika puSpikAoM meM yahI kahatA hai ki "makSikA sthAne makSikA pAta" kiyA gayA hai, "jaisA dekhA hai vaisA hI likhA hai" para Upara ke udAharaNa yaha siddha karate haiM ki lipika aisA karatA nahIM yA kara nahIM pAtA / jo racayitA ne likhA hotA hai use par3hakara hI to lipika likhegA aura par3hane evaM likhane donoM meM ajJAna aura pramAda se kucha kA kucha pariNAma jAtA hai / Upara diye gaye udAharaNa lipika ke prabhAva ke udAharaNa haiN| yaha pramAda 'dRSTikoNa' kahA jA sakatA hai| para eka anya prakAra kA pramAda ho sakatA hai isa prabhAda ko 'lopaka pramAda' kaha sakate haiN| isameM lipika kisI zabda ko yA vAkya ke -kisI aMza ko hI chor3a jAtA hai| chUTa aura bhUla aura Agama aura anya vikAra udAharaNArtha, lipika saravara kA 'savara' bhI likha sakatA hai| vaha 'ra' likhanA hI bhUla gayA / bindu, candra bindu tathA nIce Upara kI mAtrAoM ko bhUlane ke kitane hI udAharaNa mila sakate haiN| kabhI-kabhI lipika pramAda meM kisI prakSara kA pAgama bhI kara sakatA hai| eka hI akSara ko do bAra likha sakatA hai| kabhI lipika racanAkAra se apane ko adhika yogya samajha kara yA kisI zabda ke artha ko ThIka na samajha kara ajJAna meM apanI buddhi se koI anyArthaka zabda athavA vAkyasamUha rakha detA hai| 'charahaTA' lipika ko jaMcA nahIM to usane 'cirahaTA' kara diyA, athavA 'cira haTA' ko 'chara haTA' / abhI kucha varSa pUrva jAyasI ke pATha ko lekara ina do zabdoM para vivAda huA thaa| isI prakAra kahIM usane sUra ke pada meM 'haTarI' zabda dekhA, vaha isase paricita nahIM thA use 'harI' (arthAt arI haTa) kara diyA / aisI hI bhUla 'pAkhata le' ko 'pAkha tale' karane aura bAda meM use 'prA~kha tale' karane meM bhI hai| se lipikAra ke pramAdoM ke kAraNa pATha meM bar3e gambhIra vikAra ho jAte haiN| aise hI lipikoM ke lie DaoN. TaisITarI ne yaha likhA thA ki maiM 'vacanikA' kI una teraha pratiyoM kA vaMzavRkSa nahIM banA sakA kyoMki eka to pratiyAM bahata adhika milatI haiM. dUsare, "In the peculiar Conditions under which bardic works are handed down, subject to every sort of alternations by the Copyists who generaly are bards themselves and often think themselves authorized to modefy ori***improve any text they Copy to suit their tastes or ignorance as the case may be'. (vacanikA, bhUmikA, pR.9'lipi samasyA' zIrSaka adhyAya meM DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne bhI kucha aisI hI bAtoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karAyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #252
218/pANDulipi-vijJAna __muni puNyavijaya jI ne (ka) hastalikhita graMthoM meM pAne vAle aise akSaroM kI sUcI dI hai jisameM paraspara samAnatA ke kAraNa lipikAra eka ke sthAna para dUsarA akSara likha jAtA hai, vaha sUcI yahA~ uddhRta karanA upayogI rahegA--- ka kA k likhA jA sakatA hai / kha kAra va sva , tta tU, cha,, dva, ddha, dra gra, ga, gja gha, va, tha, pya ca,, vuTha, dha cha ,, ba ,, ja, jJa, gaja," FD -444444 44444444444444 gha, tha, tha,dha jja , bva, dya sU, sta, sva, m stha ,, ccha kR , kSa tva, ca,na thA, TA, ya AAN eyaNA , ema thA, thya # , sa, rA, ga, sA, sya SA, Sya va ,, ba, ta cca ,tha iha dra hai 1 bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 78 / bhAra For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #253
pAThAlocana/219 tava ai ,, pe ye kSa, kra, ku, kSa pta ,, p, pR su, mu STha , va, STa, STa, bda tma ,, tsa, tA, tya ka kta R (kha) munijI ne lipikAra kI bhrAntiyoM se zabdarUpoM ke paraspara bhrAnta lekhana kI eka sUcI dI hai / yaha sUciyA~ prastuta kI jA sakatI haiM 1. prabhAva pramAda se prasava likhA jA sakatA hai 2. stavana / sUcana , , 3. yacca , yathA , , 4. pratyakSatovagamyA pratyakSa bodhagamyA 5. navA~ tathA 6. naca 7. tadA , tathA // " 8. parvattasya , pavannasya, " 9. jIvasAlimmI kRtaM , jIvamAtmIkRta 10. parivuDDhi , parituTThi 11. nacaiva tadaiva 12. aridAriNA ,, arivAriNI yA avidAriNI 13. dohala kkheviyA ,, do hala kabe diyA kabhI-kabhI lipika akSara hI nahIM 'zabda' bhI chor3a jAtA hai, dUsarA lipika isa kamI kA anubhava karatA hai, kyoMki chaMda meM kucha gar3abar3a dikhAyI par3atI hai, artha meM bhI bAdhA par3atI hai, to vaha apane anumAna se koI zabda vahA~ rakha detA hai| lipika ke kAraNa vaMza-vRkSa / lipika ko likhane kI dakSatA kI koTi, usakI likhAvaTa kA rUpa ki vaha 'a' yA 'ma' likhatA hai, 'Sa' yA 'kha' likhatA hai, zirorekhAe~ lagAtA hai yA nahIM, bha aura ma meM, 'pa' aura 'ya' meM antara karatA hai yA nahIM-ye sabhI bAteM lipikAra kI prAkRti-pravRtti se saMbaddha haiM / isI prakAra se pratyeka akSara ke lekhana ke sAtha usakI apanI prakRti jur3I huI haiM, jisase pratyeka lipikAra kI prati apanI-apanI vizeSatAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa dUsare lipika se bhinna hogI / ataH vaMzavRkSa meM prathama sthAnIya satAneM hI tIna lipikoM ke mAdhyama se tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita ho jaayeNgii| ina prathama-sthAnIya pratiyoM se phira anya lipikAra pratilipiyA~ taiyAra kareMge aura eka ke bAda dUsarI se pratilipiyA~ taiyAra hotI calI jaayeNgii| isa prakAra eka graMtha kA vaMzavRkSa bar3hatA jAtA hai / isake lie udAharaNArtha eka vaMzavRkSa kA rUpa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| !. bhAratIya jaina yamaNa saskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR0 79 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #254
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 220 / pANDulipi - vijJAna 4: 3: lipikAra 'ka' 1: J 2 5: 2: 3 pahalI pIr3hI | dUsarI pIr3hI tIsarI pIr3hI cauthI pIr3hI 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 isa prakAra vaMza-vRkSa bar3hatA jAyagA / pratyeka pATha meM kucha vaiziSTya milegA hI / yaha vaiziSTaya hI pratyeka prati kA nijI vyaktitva hai / yaha to pratilipi kI sAmAnya sRjana kA nirmANa prakriyA hai / pAThAlocana kI AvazyakatA 2 2: pahalI zAkhA dUsarI zAkhA tIsarI zAkhA pAThAlocana kI hameM AvazyakatA taba par3atI hai, jaba hastalekhAgAra meM eka prati upalabdha hotI hai, para vaha 'mUlapATha' vAlI nahIM - vaha pratilipi hai nimnalikhita varga kI - (4) 2-3-1-5-2 www.kobatirth.org arthAta cauthI pIr3hI kI dUsarI zAkhA kI 3 pratiyoM meM se pahalI prati kI pAMcavI prati kI dUsarI prati / ise yahA~ die vaMzavRkSa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| mUlapATha 3 mUlapATha 2 lipikAra 'kha' prathama sthAnIya pratilipiyA~ 1 2 2 ( inase koI pratilipi nahIM huI) 3 3 tIsarI prati pahalI prati dUsarI prati 14 4 1 4 1 pAMcavI prati 2 dUsarI prati Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lipikAra 'ga' For Private and Personal Use Only 1 3 3 2 4

Page #255
pAThAlocana / 221 ava hastalekhAgArAdhyakSa yA pAMDulipi - vijJAnavettA isa prApta prati kA kyA karegA ? yaha spaSTa hai ki isa graMtha ke pUre vaMzavRkSa meM pratyeka prati kA mahattva hai, kyoMki pratyeka prati eka kar3I kA kAma karatI hai / prakSepa yA kSepaka Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Upara hamane pratilipikAra ke pramAda se hue pAThAntaroM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unameM vartanI aura zabda bhedoM kI hI carcA kI hai / para prAcIna granthoM meM prakSepoM aura chUToM ke kAraNa bhI vikAra AtA hai : prAcIna graMthoM meM 'prakSepoM' kA yA 'kSepakoM' kA samAveza pracura mAtrA meM ho jAtA hai / kucha kAvyoM ko eka naye nAma se pukArA jAne lagA hai| unheM Aja 'vikasanazIla' kAvya kahA jAne lagA hai, yaha batAne ke lie ki mUla rUpa meM choTe kAvya ko bAda ke kaviyoM ne yA pAThakoM ne yA kathAvAcakoM ne apanI ora se kucha jor3a-jor3a kara usa vAkya ko vizAla banA diyA hai / 'mahAbhArata' ke vidvAn adhyetA yaha mAnate haiM ki mUla rUpa meM yaha kAphI choTA thA / 'pRthvIrAja rAso' ke sambandha meM bhI yaha jhagar3A hai / usake tIna saMskaraNa vidvAnoM DhUMDha nikAle haiM, kucha kI dhAraNA hai ki 'laghu' saMskaraNa mUla rahA hogA, bAda meM usameM anya bahuta-sI sAmagrI jur3atI gyii| isa praNAlI se usakA Adhunika vRhad rUpa khar3A huA / hamAre yahA~ kucha graMthoM kA upayoga 'kathA' kahane ke lie hotA rahA hai / tulasI kA 'rAmacarita mAnasa' isakA eka udAhararaNa hai / kathAkAra ko kathA kahate samaya koI prasaMga aisA vidita huA, jo aura vistAra cAhatA hai, to usane 'svayaM' kI racanA kara DAlI aura apanI prati meM use jor3a diyA / mAnasa meM 'gaMgAvataraNa' kA prasaMga aisA hI prakSepa yA kSepaka mAnA jAtA hai / prakSipta yA kSepaka ke kAraNa ina prakSepoM kA pA~ca kAraNoM se kisI kAvya meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| ( 1 ) kisI kavi (athavA kathAkAra) dvArA apane upayoga ke lie, aise sthaloM ko jor3a denA, jo use upayogI pratIta hote haiM, yaha upayogitA do rUpoM meM ho sakatI hai : (ka) kisI vizeSa prakaraNa ko aura adhika pallavita karane ke lie, tathA(kha) kavi kA apanA koI svatantra kRtitva jo usake pAThya-grantha ke kisI aMza se sambandhita ho aura jo use lage ki mUla kavi kI kRti meM jur3akara use prasannatA pradAna karegA / (2) eka hI viSaya ke bhinna-bhinna svatantra kRtitvoM ko kisI anya yathA-sandarbha sampAdita kara denA / kucha kavi isa bAta ko svayaM cupa bane rahate haiM / jaise- 'goyama' ne caturbhujadAsa kI 'madhumAlatI' meM apane dvArA kiye parivarddhana kA ullekha kara diyA hai / * goyama yA gotama 'svayaM' aisA ullekha * 'naMdadAsa' kI anekArthaM maMjarI aura 'yAna' maMjarI meM 'rAmahari' ne jo aMza kara diyA hai / yathA, bIsa UpareM eka sau naMdadAsa jU kIsa aura doharA ma 55 anekArtha dhvani maMjarI / For Private and Personal Use Only vyakti dvArA eka meM likha dete haiM, kucha jor3A hai, usakA ullekha rAmahari ko hai ju navIna

Page #256
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 222 / pANDulipi-vijJAna nahIM karatA to prakSiptAMza kisake race haiM, yaha samasyA banI rahatI, jaisI ki 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ke gaMgAvataraNAdi ke sambandha meM banI huI hai / ( 3 ) kabhI-kabhI kavi ke adhUre kAvya ko usI kavi ke putra yA ziSya pUrA karate haiM yA usameM Age kucha parivarddhana karate haiM, aura kabhI-kabhI pUrva kRtitva ko bhI saMzodhita kara dete haiM / (4) kisI bikharI sAmagrI ko eka vyavasthA meM rakhate samaya bIca kI lupta kar3iyoM ko jor3ane ke prayatna bhI kavigaraNa karate haiM, aura ye kar3iyAM yA to vyavasthA karane vAlA kavi apane kauzala se jor3a detA hai, jaise kuzalalAbha ne loka pracalita 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' ke dohe ko lekara unheM eka vyavasthA meM bAMdhA aura kathA - pUrti ke lie bIca-bIca meM caupAI dvArA apanA kRtitva diyaa| isa prakAra pUraka kRtitva ke rUpa meM vaha eka anya kRti meM apane kRtitva kA samAveza karatA hai yA phira vaha kisI anya kavi se upayoga sAmagrI le letA hai aura apanI pAThya-kRti meM jor3a detA hai | (5) muktakoM ke saMgraha granthoM meM samAna-bhAva ke muktaka anya kaviyoM ke bhI sthAna pA leM to Azcarya nahIM / aise saMgrahoM meM nAma chApa bhI badala dI jAtI hai / 'sUrasAgara' meM aise pada milate haiM jo kisI anya kavi ke ho sakate haiM / yaha nAma chApa kI adalA-badalI kabhI-kabhI loka-kSetra meM atyanta lokapriya kaviyoM ke sAtha ho jAtI hai | kabIra, mIrA, sUra, tulasI kI chApa gAyaka cAhe jisa pada meM lagA detA hai / phalataH pAThAnusaMdhAna kA dharma hai ki aise prakSepoM yA kSepakoM ko vaijJAnika praNAlI se pahacAne aura unheM nikAla kara prAmANika mUla prastuta kreN| yaha vaijJAnika praNAlI se honA cAhiye, svecchA yA vaijJAnika DhaMga se nahIM / avaijJAnika DhaMga se sveccha yA jainoDoTasa jaise vidvAna ne homara kI kRti kA sampAdana karate samaya bahuta sA aMza nikAla diyA thA / usakI meM vaha aMza prakSipta thA, jabaki Age ke vidvAnoM ne vaijJAnika paddhati se pAyA ki ve aMza prakSipta nahIM the 1 chUTa : prakSepoM kI bhAMti hI kAvya meM 'chUTa' bhI ho sakatI hai / pratilipikAra kabhI to pramAda meM koI paMkti, zabda yA akSara chor3a jAtA hai para kabhI vaha pratilipi kisI vizeSa dRSTi se karatA hai aura kucha aMzoM ko apane lie anAvazyaka samajha kara chor3a detA hai / pAThAlocana kA yaha kArya bhI hotA hai ki aisI chUToM kI bhI prAmANika mUla pATha kI pratiSThA karake vaha pUrti kare / aprAmANika kRtiyA~ : yahIM yaha batAnA bhI Avazyaka hai ki kabhI-kabhI aisI kRtiyA~ bhI mila jAtI haiM jo pUrI kI pUrI prAmANika hotI hai / usa grantha kA racayitA, jo kavi usa grantha meM batAyA gayA hai, yathArthataH vaha usakA karttA nahIM hotA / isa chala kA udghATana pAThAlocana hI kara sakatA hai / 1. Smith. William, (Ed)--Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, p. 510-512. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #257
pAThAlocana/223 ataH spaSTa hai ki pAThAlocana athavA pAThAnusaMdhAna eka mahattvapUrNa anusaMdhAna hai| kisI bhI anya anusandhAna se isakA mahattva kama nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa anusaMdhAna meM una sabhI manaHzaktiyoM kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai jo kisI bhI anya anusaMdhAna meM upayoga meM lAyI jAtI haiN| pAThAlocana meM zabda aura artha kA mahattva pAThAlocana kA sambandha zabda tathA artha donoM se hotA hai ataH ise kevala bhASAvaijJAnika viSaya hI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, sAhityika bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| DaoN0 kizorIlAla ne apane eka nibandha meM isI sambandha meM yoM vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM : "isa dRSTi se sampAdana kI do saraNiyoM kA upayoga ho rahA hai- (1) vaijJAnikasampAdana, aura (2) sAhityika sampAdana / vaijJAnika evaM sAhityika prakriyA meM mUlataH antara na hote hue bhI Aja kA vaijJAnika sampAdaka zabda ko adhika mahattva detA hai aura sAhityika sampAdaka martha ko / isameM sandeha nahIM ki zabda aura artha kI sattA paraspara asaMpRkta nahIM hai phira bhI artha ko mUlataH grahaNa kiye binA prAcIna hindI kAvyoM kA sampAdana sarvathA nirdhAnta nhiiN| inhIM saba kAraNoM se zabda kI tulanA meM artha kI mahattA svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| Aja adhikatara pATha-sampAdana meM jo bhrAntiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, ve artha na samajhane ke kaarnn|" DaoN. kizorIlAla jI ne jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, ve samIcIna haiM, para kisI sImA taka hii| ThIka pATha na hone se ThIka artha para bhI nahIM pahu~cA jA sktaa| DaoN. kizorIlAla jI ne apane nibandha meM jo udAharaNa diye haiM, ve galata artha se galata zabda taka pahuMcane ke haiM / udAharaNArtha, 'A~kha tale' jisane pATha diyA, usakI samajha meM 'Akhatale' nahIM jamA, use lagA ki 'kha' ko hI galatI se 'pAkha' likha diyA gayA hai| 'pAkha' kA koI artha nahIM hotA, aisA usane mAnA / kyoMki pATha-sampAdaka yA lipika ne artha ko mahattva diyA usane 'pAkha' ko 'mAMkha' kara diyA / aba Apa artha ko mahattva dekara 'Akhata le' kara rahe haiM, to bhrAMta pATha vAle kI paripATI meM hI khar3e haiN| yathArtha yaha hai ki 'A~kha' aura 'pAkha' zabda rUpa se artha ThIka nahIM baiThatA / Apane usake rUpa kI nayI sambhAvanA dekhii| 'tale' kA 'ta' AMkha se milAyA aura 'le' ko svatantra zabda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / 'A~kha tale' zabda rUpa ke sthAna para 'pAkhata le' rUpa jaise hI khar3A huA, artha ThIka lagane lgaa| zabda rUpa 'Akha+tale' nahIM 'pAkhata+le' hai / jaba hama zabda kA rUpa 'Akhata le' grahaNa kareMge tabhI ThIka artha para pahuMca sakeMge / zabda hI ThIka nahIM hogA to artha kaise ThIka ho sakatA hai| zabda se hI artha kI ora bar3hA jAtA hai / ataH Avazyaka yaha hai ki vaijJAnika praNAlI se ThIka yA yathArtha zabda para pahuMcA jAya, kyoMki zuddha zabda hI zuddha yA samIcIna artha de sakatA hai| vastutaH grantha se artha prApta karane kA eka alaga hI vijJAna hai / ukta udAharaNa ko hI leM to 'prAkha (prAMkha)+tale 'pAkhata + le' aura 'pA+kha+tale' ye tIna rUpa eka zabda ke banate haiM, to isameM se kisa rUpa ko pATha ke lie mAnya kiyA jAya ? yahA~ artha hI sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| 1. lAla, kizorI -prAcIna hindI kAvya : pATha evaM artha vivecana, sammelana patrikA (caitra-bhAdrapada, aMka 1892), pR. 177 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #258
224 pANDulipi-vijJAna ataH yaha mAnanA hI hogA ki vaijJAnika vidhi se pATha-nirdhAraNa meM bhI artha kA mahattva hai| hA~, pAThAlocana kI vaijJAnika praNAlI meM zabdoM kA mahattva svayaM-siddha hai| pAMDulipi-vijJAna aura pAThAlocana isa dRSTi se yaha bhI Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai ki hastalekhavettA ko 'pAThAlocana' kA aisA jJAna ho ki vaha kisI prati kA mahattva A~kane yA a~kavAne meM kucha dakhala rakha ske| pAThAlocana kI prakriyA se avagata hone para aura kAgaja, lipi, vartanI tathA syAhI ke mUlyAMkana kI pRSThabhUmi para tathA viSaya kI paramparA ke prariprekSya meM vaha usa grantha para sarasarA mata nirdhArita kara sakatA hai| yaha mata usa prati ke upayogakartAoM aura anusaMdhitsunoM ko 'anusaMdheya dhAraNA' (Hypothesis) ke rUpa meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / spaSTa hai ki pAThAlocana kA jJAna pAMDulipi-vijJAnavettA ko pAThAlocana kI dRSTi se nahIM karanA, varan isalie karanA hai ki usa jJAna se grantha kI usa prati kA mUlya A~kane meM kucha sahAyatA mila sakatI hai, aura vaha usake AdhAra para grantha-viSayaka bahuta-sI bhrAntiyoM se bhI baca sakatA hai| pAThAlocana vAstavika pATha taka pahuMcane kI vaijJAnika prakriyA hai aura pATha 'grantha' kA hI eka aMga hai, aura vaha graMtha usake pAsa hai, ataH apane grantha ke anya avayavoM ke jJAna kI bhAMti hI isakA jJAna bhI apekSita hai| pAThAlocana-praNAliyA~ ___pAThAlocana kI eka sAmAnya praNAlI hotI hai / sampAdaka pustaka kA sampAdana karate samaya jo prati use upalabdha huI hai, usI para nirbhara raha kara, apane sampAdita grantha meM vaha una doSoM ko dUra kara detA hai, jinheM vaha doSa samajhatA hai| ise 'svecchayA-pATha-nirdhAraNapraNAlI' kA nAma de sakate haiN| dUsarI praNAlI ko 'tulanAtmaka-svecchayA-sampAdanArtha-pATha-nirdhAraNa' kI praNAlI kaha sakate haiN| sampAdaka ko do pratiyA~ mila gyiiN| usane donoM kI tulanA kI, donoM meM pAThabheda milA, to jo use kisI bhI kAraNa se kucha acchA pATha lagA, vaha usane mAna liyaa| aise sampAdanoM meM vaha pAThAntara dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhatA / hA~, jahA~ vaha dekhatA hai ki use donoM pATha acche laga rahe haiM vahA~ vaha nIce yA mUlapATha meM hI koSThakoM meM dUsarA pATha bhI de detA hai| - isI praNAlI kA eka rUpa yaha bhI milatA hai ki aise vidvAn ko kaI grantha mila gaye taba bhI pATha-nirdhAraNa kA usakA siddhAnta to vahI rahatA hai ki svecchayA jisa pATha ko ThIka samajhatA hai, use mUla meM de detA hai| isa svecchayA pATha-nirdhAraNa meM usakI jJAnagarimA kA yogadAna to avazya rahatA hai, eka pATha svecchayA svIkAra kara vaha use hI prAmANika ghoSita karatA hai-isakI prAmANikatA siddha karane ke lie vaha kavi-viSayaka apane pANDitya kA sahArA letA hai, aura kavi kI bhASA sambandhI vizeSatAoM kI bhI duhAI detA hai / kintu yathArthataH isa sampAdana meM pATha ke nirdhAraNa meM vastutaH apanI ruci ko hI mahattva detA hai, phira use hI kavi kA kartatva mAna kara vaha use siddha karane ke lie kavi ke tatsambandhI vaziSTaya ko siddha karatA hai| apanI isa praNAlI kI carcA vaha bhUmikA meM kara detA hai| hA~, jaba use do pratiyoM ke pAThoM meM yaha nirdhArita karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki kisameM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #259
pAThAlocana/225 aisA zreSThatama bhAva hai, jo kavi ko apekSita rahA hogA, 'prathA jaba vaha samajhatA hai ki donoM hI yA donoM meM se koI bhI pATha kavisammata "ho sakatA haiM, kyoMki utkRSTatA meM use donoM eka-dUsare se kama nahIM lagate taba vaha eka pATha ke sAtha dUsarI pAThe vikalpa meM de detA hai| ise vaha pAThAntara kI taraha pAda TippaNI ke rUpa meM bhI de sakatA hai| isI praNAlI kA Age kA caraNa vaha hotA hai. jisameM pAThAlocanakAra ko.do se adhika hastalikhita pratiyA~ mila jAtI haiM / ina samasta pratiyoM ke pAThoM meM se vaha usa pATha Edi ko grahaNa kara letA hai jo use apanI dRSTi se sarvottama lagatA hai / aba vaha anya pratiyoM ke sabhI pAThoM ko pAThAntara ke rUpa meM pada ke nIce de detA hai / / vaijJAnika caraNa aura aba kaha carala pAtA hai jise vaijJAnika caraNa kaha sakate haiN| isa caraNa kI pramAlI meM kaI hastalekhoM kI tulanA kI jAtI hai / ava suladhAtmaka aAdhAra para prAyaH pratyeka prati meM milane vAlI truSTiyoM meM sAmya vaiSamya dekhA jAtA hai| isake pariNAma ke AdhAra para ina samasta hastalekhoM kA eka vaMzavRkSa taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai aura kRti kA Adarza pATha "svecchayA pATha nirdhAraNa - kA aisA hI rocaka vRttAMta., homara-kAvya ke prAta-nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM milatA hai / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jenoDoTasa ne vyavasthita AlocanA (pAmalocana) kI nIMva rakhI yo| usane kucha siddhAnta nirdhArita kie the : (1) samasta granthaM ke pariprekSya meM jo sAmagrI. viruddha hai athavA anAvazyaka hai, use nikAla diyA jaay|" (2) kavi kI pratibhA kI dRSTi se jo sAmagrI ayogya lage use bhI asvIkAra kara denA cAhie / ina siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para apane DhaMga se usane lambe praghaTakoM ko kATa kA, anyoM kI svecchayA parivartita kara diyA tathA idhara-udhara rakha diyaa| saMkSepa meM yaha saba usane usI prakAra miAyA jiA prakAra pahana apanI kRti meM pharatA / usake bAda ke gambhIra AlocakoM ko isa praNAlI se bahata dhakkA lgaa|" -viliyama smitha-DikzanarI oNpha grIka eNDa romana bAyogrAphI eNDa mAithAlojI, pR. 510. keyr7: svecchayA pATha-mirikA kA yahI pariNAma hotA hai| jaineDoTsa kA samaya sikandara mahAn ke bAda paDatI hai "homara ke sAtha eka aura bAta bhI yau| homara kA sampUrNa kAvya pahale kaMThastha hI thaa| pIjisTreTasa ke samaya se homAra, kAvya lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| pAThAlocana kI samasyA vastutaH jainoDoTsa ke samaya se hI khar3I huii| isa samaya taka homara kA kAvya-adhyayamAaura carcA kA viSaya bana gayA thA kaela sI. vAiDIca ke samaya meM hI homara: kA kAvya mAThazAlAoM meM anivAryataH par3hAyA jAne lagA thaa| isI samaya ke lagabhaga samAja me do karma ho gae the eka varga usake kAvya meM naitikatA ke rUpa meM asantuSTa thA, isarA usa rUpaka mAlA pAra usakA poSaka thaa| isa sthiti meM bhI homara-kAvya ke likhita rUpoM kI mAMga bar3hI sivAdara mahAna to isa kAvya-grantha ko eka rAjasI sundara peTiko'maiM sadA apane / ge| taba alekjaNDiyA meM AlocakoM ko dala bar3A huA aura pAThAlocanAtmaka saMskaraNa homara kAvya ke prastuta kie jAne lge| yahIM se vaijJAnika pAThAlocana praNAlI kA mI. janma mAnA jA 1. sakatA hai sarasamI dezoM kI Arambhika kRtiyA~ kaMThasthA rahatI haiM. bhArata meM bhI veda maMThastha rakhe jAte the aura inakA itanA mahatva yA Thistha sthiti meM hI 'yahA~ ke RSiyoM meM kaI prakAra ke pAThoM kA AviSkAra kiyA aura ina-pAche kI praNAliyoM se vedoM kI varNa-zabda saMracanA sabakI vikRti se rakSA kotayA prakSepoM se bhI rakSA kI veda maMtra the aura yaha dhAraNA isa kaoNla meM prabala thI ki kiMcita bhI vikRta uccAraNa se kucha kA kucha pariNAma ho sakatA hai| ata: vardI kI pATha-zuddhi para baIta adhika dhyAna diyA gayA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #260
226/pANDulipi - vijJAna yA mUla pATha nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai / 1 yahA~ se vaijJAnika pAThAlocana kA Arambha mAnA jA sakatA hai / prAja pAThAlocana eka alaga vijJAna kA rUpa grahaNa kara rahA hai / yaha bhI huA hai ki pAThAlocana ko bhASAvijJAna yA bhASikI kA eka aMga mAnA jAne lagA hai, sAhitya kA nahIM, jaisAki isase pahale mAnA jAtA thA / pAThAlocana athavA pAThAnusaMdhAna kI prakriyA : (ka) grantha saMgraha : kisI eka grantha kA pAThAlocana karane ke lie yaha apekSita hai ki pahale usa grantha kI prakAzita tathA hastalekha meM prApta pratiyAM ekatra karalI jaayeN| isake lie pahale to unake prApti sthaloM kA jJAna karanA hogA | kahA~ kahA~ isa grantha kI pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / yaha koI sAdhAraNa kArya nahIM hai / sUcanAe~ prApta karane ke lie likhA-par3hI se, mitroM ke dvArA, yAtrA karake, sarakArI mAdhyama se eka jAla-sA bichA lenA hogA / paM0 javAharalAla caturvedI ne 'sUrasAgara' viSayaka sAmagrI kA jo lekhA-jokhA diyA hai, use par3hakara isakI garimA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / 2 aisI sUcanA ke sAtha- sAtha hI una granthoM ko prApta karane ke bhI yatna karane hoMge / kahIM se ye grantha Apako udhAra mila jAyeMge, jinase kAma lekara Apa lauTA sakeMge / kahIM se ina granthoM kI kisI sulekhaka se pratilipi karAnI par3egI, kahIM se inake phoTo - citra tathA mAikrophilma ma~gAnI hoNgii| isa prakAra granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA jAyagA / (kha) tulanA : aba ina granthoM ke pATha kI pArasparika tulanA karanI hogii| isake lie (1) pahale inheM kAlakramAnusAra sajA lenA hogA, tathA (2) pratyeka grantha ko eka saMketa nAma denA hogA / 1. The chief task in dealing with several MSS of the same work is to investigate their mutual relations, especially in the matter of mistakes in which they agree and to construct a geneological table, to establish the text of the archetype, or original, from which they are derived. -- The New Universal Encyclopaedia (Vol. 10), p. 5499. kintu yaha vaMzavRkSa (geneological table) prastuta karanA bahuta kaThina kArya hai aura kabhI-kabhI to asambhava ho jAtA hai| isake lie TesITarI mahodaya kA yaha kathana paThanIya hai| ve 'vardhanikA' kA pATha - nirdhAraNa karate samaya likhate haiM "I have tried hord to trace the pedigree of each of these thirteen MSS and ascertain the degree of their depending on the archetype and one another and have been unsuccessful. The reason of the failure is to be sought partly in the great number of MSS in existence and partly in the peculiar conditions under which bardic works are handed down, subject to every sort of alterations by the copyists who generally are bards themselves and often think themselves authorized to modify or, as they would say, improve any text they copy, to suit their tastes or ignorance as the case may be". - TesITarI -- vacanikA (bhUmikA), pR0 9. yaha eka dRSTi se atyanta viziSTa sthiti hai, jisameM itanI adhika pratiyoM ke upalabdha hone ke kAraNa bhI vaMzavRkSa banAne meM saphalatA nahIM mila skii| 2. caturvedI, javAhara lAla - poddAra abhinandana graMtha, pR0 119-132 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #261
pAThAlocana/227 saMketa nAma dene se grantha ke pATha-saMketa dene meM suvidhA hotI hai, sthAna kama ghiratA hai aura samaya kI bacata bhI hotI hai| 'saMketa praNAlI'--saMketa dene kI kaI praNAliyAM ho sakatI haiM, jaise-(ka) kramAMkasabhI AdhAra-granthoM ko sUcIbaddha karake unheM jo kramAMka diye gaye hoM unheM hI 'grantha' saMketa mAna liyA jAya-yathA (1) mahAvanavAlI prati, (2) AgarAvAlI prati, Adi / aba inakA vivaraNa dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahI kevala 'saMketa' saMkhyA likha dene se kAma cala jaaygaa| prati saMkhyA (2) sadA AgarA vAlI prati samajhI jAyagI / yaha Avazyaka hai ki sUcIbaddha karate samaya pratyeka saMketa' ke sAtha grantha kA vivaraNa bhI diyA jAya / jisase usa saMkhyA ke grantha ke svarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna ho sake / udAharaNArtha-hama 'pRthvIrAja rAso' kI eka prati kA paricaya uddhRta karate haiM : kramAMka-1--yaha prati prasiddha jaina vidvAna muni jinavijaya ke saMgraha kI hai| yaha 'rAso' ke sabase choTe pATha kI ekamAtra anya prApta prati hai, aura utanI hI mahattvapUrNa hai jitanI 'dhA0' hai / isa prati ke lie muni jI ko jaba maiMne likhA, vaha zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA ke pAsa thI / kadAcit prati kI jIrNatA ke dhyAna se nAhaTA jI ne mUla prati na bhejakara usakI eka phoTosTeTa kApI mujhe bheja dI / isa bahumUlya prati ke upayoga ke lie maiM munijI kA atyanta prabhArI hU~ / prastuta kArya ke lie isI phoTosTeTa kApI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / mUla prati maiMne 1956 ke jUna meM DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA ke pAsa dillI meM dekhI thii| phoTosTeTa hone ke kAraNa yaha kApI prati kI eka vAstavika pratikRti hai| isa prati ke prArambha ke do panne nahIM haiM, zeSa sabhI haiN| isameM bhI khaNDa-vibhAjana aura chandoM kI krama-saMkhyA nahIM hai / isameM vArtAoM ke rUpa meM isa prakAra ke saMketa bhI prAyaH nahIM diye hue haiM jaise 'dhA0' meM haiM / prArambha ke do panne na hone ke kAraNa isakI nizcita chanda saMkhyA kitanI thI, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu ina truTita do patroM meM se prathama pRSTha-racanA ke nAma kA rahA hogA, jaisA anivArya rUpa se milatA hai, aura zeSa tIna pRSTha hI racanA ke pATha ke rahe hoMge / tIsare patra ke prArambha meM jo chanda AtA hai vaha 'dhA0' meM 17 hai, jisakA kucha aMza pUrvavartIya dvitIya patra para rahA hogA aura 'dhA0' kI tulanA meM isameM 30-31 pratizata rUpaka adhika haiM / isalie 'dhA0' ke 16 rUpakoM ke sthAna para isake prathama do patroM meM 20-21 rUpaka rahe hone cAhiye / phalataH ina nikale hue do patroM meM 20 chanda mAna lene para prati kI kula chanda saMkhyA 552 ThaharatI hai / yaha prati atyanta sulikhita hai aura uparyukta do patroM ke atirikta pUrNataH surakSita bhI hai / isakA AkAra 6:25"x3" aura isakI puSpikA isa prakAra hai| ___"iti zrI kavicanda viracite prathIrAja rAsu sampUrNa / paNDita zrI dAna kuzala gaNi / gaNi zrI rAjakuzala / gaNi zrI deva kuzala / gaNi dharma kuzala / muni bhAva kuzala laSitaM / muni udaya kuzala / muni mAna kuzala / saM0 1697 varSa pauSa sudi aSTamyAM tithI guru vAsare mohnpuure|" yaha eka kAphI surakSita pATha-paramparA kI prati lagatI hai, kyoMki isameM pATha-truTiyA~ bahuta kama haiM, aura aneka sthAnoM para ekamAtra isI meM aisA pATha milatA hai jo bahiraMga aura antaraMga sabhI sambhAvanAoM kI dRSTi se mAnya ho sakatA hai / phira bhI zrI narottamadAsa svAmI ne kahA hai ki isakA 'pATha bahuta hI azuddha aura bhraSTa hai|' unhoMne yaha dhAraNA isa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #262
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 228 / pANDulipi - vijJAna prati ke sambandha meM kaise banAI hai, yaha unhoMne nahIM likhA hai / kintu isa prakAra kI dhAraNA ke do kAraNa sambhava pratIta hote haiM, eka to yaha ki isameM vartanI - viSayaka kucha aisI viziSTa pravRttiyA~ milatI haiM jinake kAraNa zabdAvalI aura bhASA kA rUpa vikRta hu lagatA hai, dUsare yaha ki isakA pATha aneka sthaloM para apanI surakSita prAcInatA ke kAraNa durbodha ho gayA hai, aura una sthaloM para anya pratiyoM meM bAda kA prakSipta kintu, subodha pATha milatA hai / kahIM-kahIM para ye donoM kAraNa ekasAtha ikaTThA hokara pAThaka ko aura bhI adhika ulajhA dete haiM V. ***** 1 * vartanI sambandhI isakI sabase adhika ulajhana meM DAlane vAlI pravRttiyA~ prAvazyake www.kobatirth.org udAharaNoM ke sAtha nimnalikhita haiM kaa (1) isameM 'i' kI mAtrA kA apanA sAmAnya prayoga to hai hI, 'a' ke lie bhI usakA prayoga prAyaH huA hai, yathA : guna teja pratApa ti riNa 'kahi dina paMca prajeta na granta lahai brahma veda nahi caSi aeNlapa yudhiSThira 'bola' / ju zAyara (sAyara) jala 'taji' mere marajAdahaM DolaI rahi gaya ura jhaSeva uraha mi (mai) pravare na bujhai / una jIvai koI mohi paramapara 'bhUmi' / kiraNATI rANo kiM (kai) zrAvAsi rAjA vidA mAMgana ga 'pachi' (pachaI) rAjA paramAri prAvAsi vidA mAMgana gayu ! *pachi' (pachai) rAjA paramAri suSulI viMdA bhogane ga T 'pachi' (es) rAjA vAMdhelI ke pravAsa vidA mAMgana gaye tulanA kIjiye 18 "pachaI rAjA kachavAhI kaI AvAsi vidA mAMgana gayu (mo0 125 a PK VIE manu prakAle TaDIo zaMghana 'pavi' (pavvei) chuTi pravAha (#10234-2) 'tinaM' 'mi' (maI) dasi' 'si' (sai) aura dalana 'uppari' (uppArai) gaeNrja daMta / " THIS 18: PEE NF THE tina mi' (maI) kavi' paMje siMha (sahi) bhASai bhApa 'viThaDe kAja 'vinai miM* (maha) divaMgata deva'ne sama'ha' tine mahi puhu prathIrAje / " (mo0 438-2) TE-OFFEE je kala sAdhe maneM 'mi' (maI) bhaI sabai IchA rasa donha 'asami' (asamaii) saui magyu sukavi nRpati 'vicAra' (vicAraI) saMba d mo0 122 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (2) 'i' kI mAtrA kA prayoga punaH 'ai' ke lie bhI huA 123 124 tathA 125 ke uddharaNoM meM rAjA bhaTiyAnI prAvAmi vidA mA~gana gaye / 'kIjie dyn (mo. 95tsite 95 51-52) (mo0 5302) "isa pravRtti kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki kahIM-kahIM "kI mAtrA ko "I" ke rUpa meM par3hA gayA Mohit Shah his pin whi haiM jIpI "tama 'sarabaMgaI (saMvarga) se kA~varAja rAja gurU sama / For Private and Personal Use Only (mo0 2243-4 ) Pot S 545-3-4) (mau122) (mo0 123 a) (mau0 124 a (mI0 125 aeN) kI (to 439) (mo05132) (mo0 4023) kA milatI haiM, "yathA : Upara Ae hue 'ka' kI tulanA DO (mo0 127)

Page #263
bharI bhoja "bhAji' (bhAjaI) nahIM sAri "bhAgi bhari mala mAna nahIM lauha lAge / muni ta paMga cahAna kuM muSa jaMpi iha 'vina' (vaina) / bola sUra sAmaMta saba kahu eka zena (saina) / jalabina bhaTa subhaTa bho kari pahi bhuja 'vina' (vaina) / " bhaye tomara matihIna kAya kilI 'si' (tai) DhilI 'ti' (te) jItu gaMjanuM gaMji prapAra hamIraha 'ti' (te) jItu cAluka vihari saMnAhaH sarIraha 'ti' (te) pahuSaMga sU gahu~ idu jima gahi sU rahaha, 'ti' (tai) gorIya dala dahu vAri kaTa jina bana dahaha / tuva tu ga te taba ucatama ti (te) to prAzana milayU / bhare deva dAnava jima 'vira' (vara) cItu / paramatattva sUbhi ( sUjhai) nRpati magi magi pharamAnana ( pharamAna ) / " ti' (ta) rASu hIMdugrAna gaMja gaurI gAhaMtu / tarASu jAlaura caMpi cAlUka bAhaMtu / 'te' rASu paguru bhIma bhaTI 'di' (da) madhu / 'ta~' rASu raNathaMbha rAya jAdava 'si' (sai) hithuH / 'kamA vahI vahIM vahI vahI vahI vahI (mI0 73.4) ( mo0 77.1) **(822)** (mo0 99.2) (101-2) (10 105-10 (mo. 198:3) (mo0 116 1) (mo0 121 1) (To 548 3) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir eka pAThAlocana / 229 vahI vahI vahI tulanA kIjie mantrI kA kAma andhA devI vidA gati / "hi (i) 'kayamAsa' kahU~ koi jAnahu~ / (mo0 32719-20) (mo0 424-1-5) (mo0 454, 45) isa pravRtti kI puSTi bhI isa prakAra hotI hai ki kahIM kahIM para 'i' kI mAtrA ko 'ai' ke rUpa meM par3hA gayA hai, yathA For Private and Personal Use Only vidUjana 'bola' (boli) dina dharA (moSa 40.54) 1 (3) kahIM kahIM 'i' kI mAtrA kA prayoga 'praya' ke lie bhI huA milatA hai, yathA- (mo0 229) (mo0 547) ~(#70 308*1-4) - (moTha 33.4) * 1 K (mo0 74.4) (mo0 98.4)

Page #264
230/pANDulipi-vijJAna (4) 'i' kI mAtrA kA prayoga 'e' kI mAtrA ke lie bhI huA hai, yathAduhu rAya raSata ti rata 'utthi'| vihure jana pAvasa zrama uThe / (mo0 314:5-6) nIyaM deha diSi viraSi sasAne / jite moha majjA lagaye 'prAsamAni' / (mo0 498.35-36) zakuMne marane janaMge vihAne / vaje dahu~ dubhide vibhU 'mani' / (mo0 498.39-40) isa pravRtti kI puSTi bhI kahIM-kahIM 'i' kI mAtrA ke 'e' kI mAtrA ke rUpa meM par3he gae hone se hotI hai, yathA pini gaMDu nRpa adhanisA sama dAsI 'sUriAta' (suriaati)| deva dharaha jala dhana anila kahiga caMda kavi prAta / / (mo0 87) pahicAnu jayacanda ihata DhilIsura perSe / nahina caMdu unuhAri dusaha dAruNa taba dirSa / (mo0 223-1-2) gahIya caMdu raha gajane jAhA~ sajana ju 'nareMda' / kabahu~ nayana niraSahU~ manahu ravi araviMda / (mo0 474) (5) 'iyai' yA 'iye' ke sthAna para prAyaH 'II' likhA gayA hai, yathA soi eko bAna saMbhari ghanI bIu bAna naha 'saMdhIi' / dhAripAra eka laga mogarI eka bAra nRpa ttukiiyai| (mo0 544-5-6) hama bola rihi kali antira dehi svAmi 'pArathIi' (pArathayai) / ari asIi laSa ko aMgami paraNi rAya 'sArathIi' (saarthiyi)| (mo0 305.5-6) maMgala vAra hi marana kI te pati sadhi tana ('pNddiyi)| jeta caDhi yutha kamadhaja sU marana saba muSa 'maMDIha' (mNddiyi)| (mo0 309:5-6) kSinu ika darahi 'vilaMbii' (vilaMbiyai) kavi na kari manu maMdu / (mo0 488.2) saha sahAva dara 'diSII' ('diSiyai) su kacha bhUmi para mich| (mo0 479-2) sIratAja sAhi 'sobhIi' (sobhiyai) sudesi / (mo0 492-17) 'sunIi' (suniyai) punya sama majha rAja / (mo0 52.5) (6) 'iyau' ke sthAna para prAyaH 'IU' likhA milatA haiima picaMda 'viradIu' (viradiyau) su prathIrAja unihAri ehi / (mo0 189-6, 190-6) ima jaMpi caMda 'viradIu' (viradiyau') SaTa ta kosa cahuvAna gayu / (mo0 335-6) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #265
ima jaMpi caMda ' viradIu' (viradiyau ) dasa kosa cahutrAMna gau / pAThAlocana / 231 ( mo0 80.2-4 ) jima seta vaja 'sAjIu' (sAjiyau ) patha / (7) 'u' kI mAtrA kA prayoga prAyaH 'u' ke lie huA hai, yathAtava hI dAsa kara hatha suvaMya sunAyayUu / bAnAvali vihu bAMna rosa risa 'dAhayu' / manahU nAgapati patina apa 'jagAiyu' / pAyaka dhanU dhara koTi gani asI sahasa hayamaMta jahu / kahi sAmaMta sui ju jIvata grahi prathIrAja 'kuM' / nikaTa suni suratAMna vAMga disi uca hatha 'suM' (sau) jasa avasara satu saci achi luTIya na karIya 'bhU' (bhau ) / 'su' (sau) barasa rAja tapa aMta kiMna / 'su' (sau) upari 'su' (sau ) sahasa dauha aganita laSa daha / ( mo0 283-2) kana (u) ja rADi pahili divasi 'zu' (zau) mi sAta nivaTiyA / ( mo0 298.6) (8) kabhI-kabhI 'u' kI mAtrA se 'o' kI mAtrA kA bhI kAma liyA gayA hai nizapala paMca ghaTIe doI 'dhAyu' / AkheTakannaMkhe nRpa Ayo / (9) aura kabhI-kabhI 'u' kI mAtrA kavi deSa kavi kumana 'ratta ' nyAya nayana kana ( u ) ji pahuto / isakI puSTi ekAdha sthAna para 'u' hotI hai prAta rAu saMprApatiga jAhAM dara deva 'anopaM' / sayana kari darabAra jihi sAta sahasa aMsa bhUpa // (10) isI prakAra kahIM-kahIM 'u' varNa kA prayoga tulaMta jU tuja tarAjUnha gopa | manu dhana madmi taDitaha 'u' / gaMga jala jimana ghara hali 'uje' / paMgare rAya rAThura phoje / (mo0 343.7) (mo0 492-24) (mo0 230.5-6 ) (mo0 92.3-4 ) se 'zrI' kI mAtrA kA kAma liyA gayA hai For Private and Personal Use Only ( mo0 533.3 -4 ) (mo0 21 kI antima zraddharzalI ) (mo0 176.1-2) ke sthAna para 'o' kI mAtrA milane se bhI (mo0 214 ) 'o' ke lie huA milatA hai (mo0 161.27-28) ( mo0 284.15 - 16 ) prati kI vartanI sambandhI aisI hI pravRttiyoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo hindI kI pratiyoM meM prAyaH nahIM milatI haiM, aura isIlie hindI pAThaka ko aisA laga sakatA hai ki ye pratilipikAra kI ayogyatA ke kAraNa haiM, kintu aisA nahIM hai / nArAyaNadAsa tathA ratnaraMga racita 'chitAI vArtA' kI bhI eka prati meM, jo isa prati ke kucha pUrva kI hai, vattanI - sambandhI ye sArI pravRttiyA~ milatI haiM, yadyapi ye parimANa meM kama haiM, pazcimI

Page #266
232/pANDulipi-vijJAna rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI ko isa samaya kI pratiyoM meM to ye pravRttiyA~ : pracuratA se pAI jAtI haiM / phalataH vartanI-sambandhI ina pravRttiyoM kA parihAra karake hI prati ke pATha para vicAra karanA ucita hogA aura isa prakAra ke ..parihAra ke anantara mo0 kA pATha kisI bhI prati se burA nahIM rahatA hai, varan vaha prAyaH prAcInatara aura isalie kabhI-kabhI durbodha bhI pramANita hotA hai, yaha sampAdita pATha aura pAThAMtaroM para dRSTi DAlane para svataH spaSTa ho jAyagA / "ataH isa prati ko hama / ' mAneMge aura jahA~-jahA~ isa prati kA ullekha kreNge|' kA hI ullekha kreNge|" yadi isa samasta kathana kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to vidita hogI ki isake paricaya meM nimna bAteM dI gaI haiM--- (ka) prati ke prApti sthAna evaM usake svAmI kA paricarya(kha) 'prati kI dazA (1) pUrI hai yA adhUrI hai yA kucha pRSTha nahIM haiM, yA phaTe hai yA kITa-bhakSita haiM ? (2) pRSTha meM paMktiyoM kI aura zabdoM kI saMkhyA; (3) syAhI kaisI, eka raMga kI yA do kI, (4) kAgaz2a kaisA, (5) sacitra yA sAdA ? kitane citra ? (ga) chanda saMkhyA pRSTagata tathA kula grantha meM kucha truTita patra, hoM to unake sambandha meM bhI anumAna / (gha) lekha kI pravRtti sulekha, kulekha, spaSTa Adi / (Ga) AkAra-phuTaM tathA iMca maiM / (ca) 'prApti se upAya / (cha) pusspikaa| (ja) graMtha Adi kA itihAsa / (jha) ..pATha-paramparA tathA pATha-viSayaka ullekhanIya bAteM / vartanI bheda ke udAharaNoM ke saath| (na) isa zodha kI dRSTi se isa grantha kA mahattva / granthoM kA yaha krama 'kAlakramAnusAra' bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai, para nAma usakA 'kramAMka hI banAyegA / hA~, yadi eka hI san yA saMvata meM eka hI prati milatI hai, aura pUrI sUcI-bhara meM aisI hI sthiti ho to san yA saMvat ko bhI 'saMketa mAnA jA sakatA hai : yathA, san 1762 vAlI prati Adi / pratilipikAra-praNAlI granthoM ke nAma-saMketa 'aMkoM meM na rakhakara grantha ke pratilipikAra ke nAma ke pahale akSara ke AdhAra para rakhe jA sakate haiM jaise 'bIsaladeva rAsa' kI eka prati kA saMketa 'pa' | usake pratilipikAra 'paNDita sIhA' ke prathama akSara ke AdhAra para rakhA gayA hai| sthAna saMketa praNAlI gandha kI pratilipi athavA racanA ke sthAna kA jAllekhya sahaka kI puSpikAra meM ho to TAITI T 1. gapta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN.)-pRthvIrAja For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #267
pAThAlocana / 233 usake nAma ke prathama akSara ke AdhAra para bhI 'saMketa' banAyA jA sakatA hai| pRthvIrAja rAso kI eka prati 'mo0 ' saMketa isalie diyA gayA hai ki usakI puSpikA meM sthAna kA ullela hai ki saM0 1697 varSa poSa sudi aSTamI titho guruvAsare mohanapUre / pATha-sAmya ke samUha kI praNAlI samasta pratiyoM kA vargIkaraNa pATha-sAmya ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa vargIkaraNa kA nAma bhI ukta praNAliyoM se diyA jA sakatA hai, phira granthAMka bhI / jaise 'padmAvata' ke sabhI prAdhAra granthoM ko pA~ca pATha- sAmya-samUhoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA aura nAma rakhA- 'pra0' prathama samUha kA, 'dvi' dvitIya samUha kA, 'paMcama' pA~caveM samUha ko / aba prathama samUha meM do grantha haiM to unake saMketa hoMge 'pra0 1' tathA 'pra0 2' / patra saMkhyA praNAlI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaba grantha se aura koI sUcanA nahIM milatI jisake AdhAra para saMketa nirdhArita kiyA jA sakeM to patroM kI saMkhyA ko hI AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai / eka prati ATha patroM meM hI pUrI huI hai, kebala isI AdhAra para ise '0' kahA gayA hai / anya praNAlI (ka) DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne eka anya praNAlI kA upayoga kiyA hai jise unhoMne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai " isa prati kI puSpikA bhI spaSTataH aparyApta thI / kintu isako dekhane para jJAta huA ki isake kucha patre eka prati ke the aura zeSa patre dUsarI prati ke the donoM pratiyA~ khaMDita thIM aura unheM milAkara eka pustaka pUrI kara dI gaI thI- yahI kAraNa hai ki 19vIM saMkhyA ke isameM do patra haiM / isI punaruddhAra ke AdhAra para isa prati kA saMketa 'pu0 ' rakha liyA gayA hai / 1 1. (kha) mUla puSpikA naSTa ho gayI, para grantha-svAmI ne kisI anya grantha se vaha puSpikA likhakara jor3a dI, to svAmI ke nAma se hI graMtha kA saMketa de diyA hai / (ga) Upara kI praNAliyoM kA binA anugamana kiye anusaMdhAnakarttA svayaM apanI kalpanA se yA yojanA se koI bhI saMketa grantha ko de sakatA hai / pATha- pratiyA~ granthoM ke 'saMketa-nAma' nirdhArita ho jAne para unameM se pratyeka ke eka-eka kramazaH eka-eka kAgaja para likha liyA jAnA cAhiye / pratyeka chanda kI pratyeka bhI kramAMka de denA cAhiye, tathA chanda kA bhI kramAMka ( vaha aMka jo usake lie diyA ho) denA cAhiye / yathA 101 paMDiyau pahutau sAtamaI mAsa (1) deva kaha thAna karI aradAsa (2) tapIya sanyAsIya tapa karaha (3) gupta, mAtAprasAda ( DaoN0 ) - bIsaladeva rAsa, pR0 5 For Private and Personal Use Only chanda ko paMkti ko grantha meM

Page #268
234/pANDulipi-vijJAna pratyeka patra itanA bar3A honA cAhiye ki pUrA chaMda likhane ke bAda usameM Avazyaka TippaNiyA~ dene ke lie sthAna rhe| ina pratilekhoM ko sAvadhAnI se uma grantha-mUla se phira milA lenA cAhie / pATha-tulanA isake uparAMta pratyeka chaMda kI samasta pratiyoM ke rUpoM se tulanA kI jAnI caahie| isameM ye bAteM dekhanI hoNgii| (ka) isa chaMda ke caraNa sabhI pratiyoM meM eka se haiM arthAt yadi eka meM pUrA chaMda cAra meM caraNoM hai to zeSa sabhI meM bhI vaha cAra caraNa vAlA hI hai| athavA eka caraNa meM saMkhyA kucha, dUsare meM kucha Adi / (kha) yadi kisI-kisI prati meM kama caraNa haiM to kisa prati meM kaunasA caraNa nahIM hai| (ga) yadi kisI meM adhika caraNa hai to kaunasA caraNa adhika hai| (gha) phira kramaza: pratyeka caraNa kI tulanA kyA caraNa ke sabhI zabda pratyeka prati meM samAna haiM athavA zabdoM meM kramabheda hai ? kisa prati meM kisa caraNa meM kahA~-kahA~ vartanI-bheda hai ? kisa-kisa prati meM isa caraNa meM kahA~-kahA~ alaga-alaga zabda haiM ? jaise bIsaladeva kI eka prati meM 102 chaMda kA 637 caraNa hai-"U~cA to dhari-dhAra vAra" / yaha caraNa eka anya prati meM hai-- ___'dhari dhari toraNa maMgala dhyaari'| isI prakAra caraNa prati caraNa, zabda prati zabda tulanA karake pratyeka zabda ke pAThoM ke antaroM kI sUcI prastuta karanI cAhie / pratyeka parivartita caraNa kI sUcI, pratyeka lopa kI sUcI, pratyeka adhika caraNa (Agama) kI sUcI banAyI jAnI caahie| sAtha hI pratyeka prati caraNa kI chanda-zAstrIya saMgati bhI dekhI jAnI caahie| isake anantara ukta AdhAroM para tIna 'sambandhoM' kI dRSTi se tulanA karanI hogI-- pratilipi sambandha se, prakSepa sambandha se, pAThAntara sambandha se / prAmANika pATha ke nirdhAraNa meM pratiyoM ke pratilipi sambandha kI mahattA svayaM siddha hai, kyoMki isIse hameM una sIr3hiyoM kA patA laga sakatA hai jinake AdhAra para mUla prAmANika pATha kA anusandhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratilipi sambandhoM kI tulanA se hI hameM vidita hotA hai ki kisa prati kI pUrvaja kaunasI prati hai| isa prakAra mamasta pratilipita granthoM kA eka vaMza-vRkSa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaMza-vRkSa banAne ke lie samasta pratiyoM ke pAThoM kA gahana adhyayana apekSita hotA hai tabhI hama una pratiyoM ke pUrvajoM kI kalpanA bhI kara sakate haiM jo hameM zodha meM prApta huI haiN| aise kalpita pUrvaja ko vaMza-vRkSa meM (X) guNana ke cihna se batAyA jA hai| isase pratiyoM ke paraspara sambandha hI nahIM vidita hote varan prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se mahattva bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra prakSepoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| inake bhI paraspara sambandhoM kA vaMza-vRkSa diyA jA sakatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #269
pAThAlocana/235 pAThAntara sambandha kI tulanA sabhI granthoM meM nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki kucha grantha to aise milate haiM jinameM lipikAra hAziye meM kisI zabda kA pAThAntara likha detA hai / padmAvata kI pratiyoM meM aise pAThAntara mile the| para anya bahuta-se granthoM meM pAThAntara nahIM likhe hote / yadi pratilipiyoM meM pAThAntara milate haiM to unakI tulanA se bhI mUla pATha ke anusaMdhAna meM , sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai| ina tIna sambandhoM ke dvArA tulanApUrvaka jaba sabase adhika prAmANika pATha vAlI prati nirdhArita kara lI jAya to usake pATha ko AdhAra mAna sakate haiM, yA mUla pATha mAna makate haiM, kintu use abhI prAmANika pATha nahIM kaha sakate / prAmANika pATha pAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki ukta pATha-sambandhoM ko vivecanA karake pAThasampAdana ke siddhAnta nirdhArita kara liye jaayeN| isameM hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki jina pratiyoM ke pATha mizraNa se bane haiM ve prAmANika pATha nahIM de sakate, jina pratiyoM kI paramparA para dUsaroM kA prabhAva kama se kama par3A hai, ve hI prAmANika mAnI jAnI caahiye| prAmANikatA ke lie vividha pAThAntaroM kI tulanA apekSita hai| tulanApUrvaka vivecanA karake 'zabda' aura 'caraNa' ke rUpa ko nirdhArita karanA hogaa| isameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki yadi kama vikRta pATha kisI prAcIna pIr3hI kA hai to vaha ativikRta bAda kI pIr3hI se adhika prAmANika hogA / isake sAtha hI yaha spaSTa hai ki yadi koI eka pATha kucha svatantra pATha-paramparAoM meM samAna milatA hai to vaha nissaMdeha prAmANika hogaa| isI prakAra anya svatantra paramparAoM yA kama pramANita paramparAoM ke pAThoM kA sApekSika mahattva sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki kucha aMza to aisA ho sakatA hai jo sabhI svatantra aura kama prabhAvita paramparAoM meM samAna mile, kucha aisA aMza hogA jo saba meM samAna rUpa se prApta nahIM, taba tulanA se jinako dUsarI koTi kA pramANa mAnA hai una para nirbhara karanA hogaa| hameM dUsarI koTi ke pATha ko pUrNataH prAmANika banAne ke lie "zeSa samasta bAhya aura antaraMga sambhAvanAoM ke sAkSya se hI pAu-nirNaya karanA caahie|" ise DaoN0 mAtAprasAda guptA ke 'bIsaladeva rAsa' kI bhUmikA meM dI gayI prakriyA ke eka aMza ke uddharaNa se samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| DaoN0 gupta ne vividha pratilipi-sambandhoM kA bhalI prakAra vivecana karake una pratiyoM ke pATha-sambandhoM ko eka 'vaMza-vRkSa' se prastuta kiyA hai jo Age ke pRSTha para dikhAyA gayA hai| ___ isa vRkSa se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki eka mUla grantha se pratiyoM kI tIna svatantra paramparAe~ cliiN| isameM paM0 samUha kI pratiyA~ bahuta pahalI pIr3hI kI haiM, tIsarI-cauthI pIr3hI kI hI haiM aura isa para 'ma' ke kisI pUrvaja kA, sambhavataH pA~cavI pIr3hI pUrva kI prati kA prabhAva 'paM' samUha ke pUrva kI dUsarI pIr3hI ke pUrva kI prati para par3A hai, aura koI nahIM par3A hai / 'ma' samUha para 'sa' samUha kI dUsarI-tIsarI pIr3hI pUrva ke prabhAva par3e haiM, anyathA vaha dUsarI svatantra dhArA hai / 'sa' tIsarI svatantra dhArA hai / ataH niSkarSa nikAle gaye ki-- 1. gupta, mAtAprasAda (0) tathA nAhaTA, agara gaMda-bIsaladeva rAsa, (bhabhikA), pR047 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #270
236/pANDulipi-vijJAna X. X--X-- - paM.grA.cA.kI.pu. ra mA X -X - -.- .-.-- -- X 4 .- -.-..-....-..-.- X / a.va.bha. ma.m ukta citra meM x gugA kA cihna yaha batAtA hai ki yaha prati prApta nahIM huI hai kintu upalabdha pratiyoM ke mAdhyama se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki aisI prati honI caahie| - tIra kA yaha cihna yaha batAtA hai ki tIra zIrSa jisa prati kI ora hai usa para usa prati kA prabhAva hai, jisase tIra prArambha hotA hai| (1) paM0 samUha kA pATha 'sa' samUha kA athavA usake kisI pUrvaja kA RNI nahIM hai| isalie ina donoM samUhoM kA jinameM paM0 prA0 cA0 kI0 pu0 tathA 'yA' pratiyA~ AtI haiM, pATha-sAmya mAtra pATha kI prAmANikatA ke lie sAdhAraNataH prAmANika mAnA jAnA cAhiye / ___ (2) jina viSayoM meM ma0pa0 tathA sa0 tInoM samUhoM meM pATha-sAmya haiM, unakI prAmANikatA svataH siddha mAnI jAnI cAhiye / (3) jina viSayoM meM ma0 tathA pa0 samUha ekamata hoM aura sa0 bhinna ho, athavA ma. tathA sa0 samUha ekamata hoM, aura pa0 samUha bhinna ho, una viSayoM meM zeSa samasta bAhya aura antaraMga sambhAvanAoM ke sAmya se hI pATha-nirNaya karanA cAhiye / bAhya aura antaraMga sambhAvanAe~ pATha kI prAmANikatA kI kasauTI bAhya aura antaraMga sambhAvanAe~ haiM / saMdigdha sthaloM ke zabdoM yA caraNoM kI prAmANikatA ke lie antaraMga sAkSya to milatA hai vaise hI zabda athavA caraNoM kI grantha ke andara grAvRtti ke dvArA anyatra kahA~', kisa-kisa sthAna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #271
pAThAlocana/237 aura rUpa meM prayoga milatA hai| isa prayoga kI prAvRtti kI sAMkhyikI (Statistics) prAmANikatA ko puSTa karatI hai / __ 'artha' kI samIcInatA kI udbhAvanA bhI prAmANikatA ko puSTa karatI hai / ise hama DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke kucha uddharaNoM se spaSTa kreNge| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla jI ne padmAvata kI TIkA kI bhUmikA meM pracura tulanAtmaka vivecanA se yaha siddha kiyA hai ki DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta kA vaijJAnika vidhi se saMzodhita pATha zukla jI ke pATha se samIcIna hai| usameM eka sthAna para eka udAharaNa yoM diyA huA hai-- (34) zuklajI--jIbhA kholi rAga sauM mar3he / lejima ghAli erAkali car3he / zirepha ne kucha saMdeha ke sAtha pahalI arddhAlI kA artha kiyA hai ---- topoM ne kucha saMgati ke sAtha apanA muMha kholA / vastutaH yaha jAyasI kI pratikliSTa paMkti thI jimakA mUla pATha isa prakAra thA guptajI-jebA kholi rAga sauM mar3he / isameM jebA, khola, rAga tInoM pAribhASika zabda haiN| zAha kI senA ke saradAroM ke lie kahA gayA hai ki ve jirahabakhtara (jebA), jhilamila Topa (khola) aura TA~goM ke kavaca (rAga) se Dhake the| 512/4 meM bhI 'rAga' mUlapATha ko badalakara 'saje' kara diyA gayA / isameM 'jevA', 'kholi', 'rAga' ye pAribhASika zabda haiM / ataH isa viSaya ke bAhya pramANa se isakI puSTi hotI hai, aura 'zakla' jI ke pATha kI apekSA isa vaijJAnika-vidhi me prApta pATha kI samIcInatA siddha hotI hai| pAThAnusaMdhAna meM bhrama se athavA saMzodhana-zAstra ke niyamoM ke pAlana meM asAvadhAnI se abhISTa pATha aura artha nahIM mila sktaa| ise samajhAne ke lie DaoN0 agravAla ne apanI hI eka bhrAnti kA ullekha yoM kiyA hai : "isa prakAra kI eka bhrAnti kA maiM savizeSa ullekha karanA cAhatA hU~ kyoMki vaha isa bAta kA acchA namUnA hai ki kavi ke mUla pATha ke nizcaya karane meM saMzodhana zAstra ke niyamAM ke pAlana kI kitanI AvazyakatA hai aura usakI thor3I avahelanA se bhI kavi ke abhISTa artha ko hama kisa taraha kho baiThate haiN| 152/4 kA zuklajI kA pATha isa prakAra sAMsa DAMDi mana mathanI gAr3hI / hiye coTa binu phUTa na sAr3hI / / mAtAprasAda jI ko DAMDi ke sthAna para vedha, voTha, vaiTha, voiThA, dudha, dahi, dadhi, daMvAla, DIDha itane pAThAntara mile / sambhava hai aura pratiyoM meM abhI aura bhI bhinna pATha mileM / manera zarIpha kI prati meM proTa pATha hai| gupta jI ko inameM se kisI pATha se santoSa nahIM hA / ataeva unhoMne artha kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra apane mana se 'daheMDi' isa pATha kA sujhAva diyA, para usake Age prazna cihna lagA diyA--svAMsa daheMDi (?) mana maMthanI gAr3hI / hiye coTa binu phUTa na sAr3hI / maiMne isa prazna cihna para ucita dhyAna na ThaharA kara sAMsa dahI kI hAMDI hai, mana dRr3ha mathAnI hai, aisA artha kara ddaalaa| prasaMgavaza zrI ambAprasAda sumana ke sAtha isa paMkti para punaH vicAra karate hue isake pratyeka pAThAntara ko jaba maiM dekhane lagA to 'davAla' zabda para dhyAna gayA / 'zrI sumana' jI ne sunate hI kahA ki 1. agravAla, vAsudeva zaraNa (DaoN.)-padmAvata (prAkkathana), pR. 19 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #272
238, pANDulipi-vijJAna alIgar3ha kI bolI meM dvAlI camar3e kI DorI yA tasmeM ko kahate haiN| kAza dekhane se jJAta huyA ki phArasI meM davAla yA duvAla rakAba ke tasmeM ko kahate haiM (sTAinagAsa phArasI koza pR. 539) / kruka ne duprAli, dumAla kA artha camaDe kI bagghI, hala Adi bA~dhane kA tasmA kiyA hai (e rUrala eNDa egrIkalcarala glAsarI, pR0 91) / jiyAudIna baranI ne tArIkhe phirojazAhI meM alAuddInakAlIna vastroM ke vivaraNa meM buradA nAmaka vastra ko 'davAle lAla' arthAta lAla DoriyoM kA dhArIdhAra kapar3A likhA hai (saiyada atahara abbAsa rijavI, khilajI kAlIna bhArata, pR. 82, tArIkhe phirojazAhI kA hindI anuvaad)| ina arthoM para vijJAra karane se mujhe nizcaya ho gayA ki prastuta prasaMga meM DorI kA vAcaka duaAla zabda nitAMta kliSTa pATha thA, aura vahI kavikRta mUla pATha thA / padmAvata kI eka hI hastalikhita prati meM abhI taka yaha zuddha pATha prApta huA hai (gopAlacanda jI ko phArasI lipi kI prati jo bahuta sulikhita hai-yahI gupta jI kI 'ca.' / prati hai)| sambhava hai bhaviSThA meM kisI aura acchI prati meM bhI yaha pATha mila jAve / rAmapura kI prati kA pATha isa samaya vidita nahIM hai| isa prakAra isa paMkti kA kavikRta pATha yaha huA-- ___ sAMsa duAli mana mathanI gaaddh'ii| hie coTa binu phUTa na sAr3hI / / sAMsa dugrAlI mA DorI hai| zUnalajI ne 'DAMDi' pAThAntara ko prasaMgavaza DorI artha meM hI liyA hai para DAMDi pATha kisI prati meM nahIM milaa| mUla pATha duprAli hone meM sandeha nahIM / sAMsa kA ThIka upamAna DorI hI ho sakatI hai daheMDi nahIM / ___isameM DaoN. agravAla ne eka 'bAhya' sambhAvanA se 'duAli' pATha ko prAmANika siddha kiyA hai| DaoN0 gupta ne granthoM meM prApta kisI pAThAntara ko ThIka nahIM mAnA, aura 'daheMDi' kI kalpanA 'artha-nyAsa' ke AdhAra para kii| yaha prayatna pAThAlocana ke siddhAnta ke adhika anukUla nhiiN| pATha kI prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se 'zabdoM' ko tatkAlIna 'rUpa' aura 'arthoM' se bhI puSTa karane kI AvazyakatA hai| jaise 'padmAvata' ke aneka zabdoM ke artha 'AIne akabarI' ke dvArA puSTa hote haiM / isI prakAra se anya samakAlIna kaviyoM kI zabdAvalI athavA tatkAlIna nAmamAlAoM se 'zabdoM' kI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai| pATha-siddhAnta nirdhArita ho jAne ke bAda, jisakA pUrNa vivecana Upara likhe DhaMga se prArambha meM kiyA jAnA cAhiye, eka pRSTha para eka chanda rahanA cAhiye aura usake nIce jitane bhI pAThAntara milate haiM ve sabhI de diye jAne cAhiye / pAThAntara kisa-kisa prati ke kyA-kyA haiM, isakA bhI saMketa rahanA caahiye| DaoN0 bhAtAprasAda gupta dvArA sampAdita 'pRthvIrAja rAsau' se eka udAharaNa lekara isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / sATikA--'chanta yA mada gaMdha ghrANa* lubdhA Ali bhUri pAcchAditA / (1) guMjAhAra adhAra sAra guna yA2 rujA payA bhAsitA / (2) agre yA srati kuMDalA kari navaM tuMDIra*X uddhArayA x 1 (3) soMyaM pAtu gaNesa sesa saphalaM prithirAja kAvye hitaM / (4) pAThAntara ---- x cihnita zabda dhA. meM nahIM hai| * cihnita zabda nA. meM nahIM hai| 1. agravAla, vAsudeva zaraNa (DaoN.)-gadmAvata (prAkkathana), pR0 26 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #273
pAThAlocana 239 (1) 1. mo. meM yahA~ 'puna' hai, jo anya kisI prati meM nahIM hai / 2. dhA. yA, no. jAM. zeSa meM 'jaa'| 3. mo. rAguru vAMza, dhA. gaMdharasikA, sa. rAga rucayaM ma. pra. prAgA (ghrAna-ma.) lubdhA, nA-lubdhA / 4. mo. bhAra, nA. a. bhora sa. bhUra. ma. bhauMra / 5. ma. pAcchAditaM / (2) 1. mo. AdhAra, sa. AdhAra, nA. ma. a. bihAra (tula0 agale chanda kA caraga / ) 2. mo. gunIjA, dhA. gunIjA, ma. gunayA, nA. a. gugjaa| 3. mo. jhaMca. payA. dhA. raMjA piyA, a. rujA payA, nA. raMjA payA jhaMjhA payA / (3) 1. dhA. ma. yA, zeSa meM 'jA' / 2. mo. suta kuMDalaM / 3. mo. navaM dhA. nava, nA. gAva, a. pha. karA, ma. kari, sa. kara / 4. mo. dhuMDIra, a. tuddhIra, ma. judIra, nA. dhuMdIra / 5. mA. udAravaM / (4) 1. mo. sa. sesa sAlaM (zeSa saphalaM--bho.) dhA. satata phalaM, aM. nA. sevita phalaM / 2. mo. kAhitaM, maM sa, kAvyaM kRtaM / / isameM Upara prAmANika pATha diyA huA hai / nIce 'pAThAntara' zIrSaka se mUla prAmANika pATha ke zabdoM se bhinna zabda rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, aura sAtha meM prati saMketa diyA gayA hai 'dhA' 'nA' 'yo' 'sa' 'va', 'a' 'pha'-ye akSara pratiyoM ke saMketAkSara haiN| prAmANika pATha nirdhArita karane meM bahuta-sI sAmagrI 'prakSepa' ke rUpa meM alaga nikala jaaegii| usa sAmagrI ko grantha meM 'pariziSTa' rUpa meM, usake pATha ko bhI yathAsambhava prAmANika banAkara de denA cAhiye / isa prakAra isa samasta sAmagrI ko sajA dene meM siddhAnta yaha hai ki 'pAThAlocana' kI vaijJAnika kasauTI meM yadi koI truTi raha gayI ho to vidvAna pAThaka apanI kasauTI se samasta sAmagrI kI svayaM jA~ca kara ske| anusaMdhAnakartA kA aura koI Agraha nahIM hotA, ataeva bhUlacUka ke lie vaha svayaM samasta sAmagrI aura samasta prakriyA ko vijJa pAThaka ke samakSa rakha detA hai| pAThAnusaMdhAna kI vaijJAnika prakriyA ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha hotA hai ki 'artha-nyAsa' kA pAThAlocana meM kyA mahattva hai ? yoM to yaha satya hai ki kisI bhI kRti kA pATha usakA artha prApta karane ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai / vikRta pATha se apekSita artha nahIM pAyA jA sakatA, aise artha ko prAmANika bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pAThAlocana kA mahatva hI isI artha ke lie hai para yathArtha yaha hai ki pAThAlocana prakriyA meM 'artha' kA vizeSa mahattva nahIM ho sktaa| vaha sahAyaka avazya hai| 'zabda' ke artha kA jJAna adhyayana parimANa-sApekSya hai / yadi 'ka' kA jJAna bahuta sImita hai to kabhI-kabhI vaha eka kSetra ke bahupracalita zabda kA artha bhI nahIM jAnegA aura artha ko dRSTi meM rakhegA to apane sImita jJAna se truTipUrNa saMzodhana kara degA / jaise yadi koI braja meM pracalita 'haTarI' se paricita nahIM hai to vaha sUrasAgara meM isa zabda ko 'haTa rI' (haTarI) kara sakatA hai, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM 'haTarI' koI zabda hI nahIM / pAThAlocanakAra bhI zabdoM ke samasta arthoM se paricita hogA, vizeSataH kRtikAlIna artha se yaha sambhava nhiiN| ataH pATha vijJAna se jo rUpa nirdhArita ho use hI rakhanA cAhiye, kyoMki koI aisA zabda ho sakatA 1. mupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN.)-pRthvIrAja rAsa3, pR. 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #274
240/pANDalipi-vijJAna hai, jisakA artha aAge jJAna-varddhana ke sAtha prApta ho / jaise sAMsa dugrAli ke udAharaNa se siddha hai| ___ eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki yadi kisI grantha kI anya pratiyA~ na milatI hoM, kevala eka hI prati upalabdha ho, aura vaha lekhaka ke hAtha kI prati na ho to kyA usakA bhI sampAdana ho sakatA hai ? sAmAnya pAThAlocaka kahegA ki nahIM ho sktaa| kintu maiM samajhatA hU~ ki usakA bhI sampAdana yA pAThAlocana ho sakatA hai| aise grantha ke sampAdana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki Antarika bAhya sAkSya se yaha jAnA jAya ki grantha kA racanA-kAla kyA thA, grantha kahA~ likhA gayA ? kyA eka hI sthAna para likhA gayA ? yA, kavi ghUmatA-phiratA rahA, ataH grantha kA kucha aMza kahIM likhA gayA, kucha kahIM phalataH kAgaja badalA, syAhI badalI / jisa sthAna para kavi rahatA thA, vahA~ kA vAtAvaraNa kaisA thA ? kisa prakAra kI bhASA usa kSetra meM bolI jAtI thii| aise kavi kaunase haiM jinase usake racayitA kA paricaya thaa| usake kSetra meM aura kAla meM kaunase grantha likhe gaye aura unakI bhASA tathA zabdAvalI kaisI thI? Adi bAtoM kA samyak patA lagAye / ye bAhya sAkSya isa pAThAlocana ke lie mahattvapUrNa haiN| kintu aise pAThAlocana ke lie bAhA sAkSya se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai antaraMga kA jJAna kucha aisI hI prakriyAoM se pATha ke udghATana meM kAma lenA hotA hai| jinakA upayoga itihAsa-pUrAtatvAnveSI zilAlekhoM tathA tAmrapatroM ke pATha ke udghATana ke lie karate haiM ___ isameM 'artha-nyAsa' ko avazya mahattva denA hogA kyoMki usI kA anumAna sampUrNa grantha ke adhyayana ke uparAnta lagAyA jA sakatA hai| sampUrNa grantha kA samyaka adhyayana karane se zabdAvalI aura vAkya-paddhati kA bhI saMzodhaka ko itanA paricaya ho jAtA hai ki vaha saMdigdha athavA truTita sthaloM kI pUrti prAyaH upayukta zabda yA vAkya se kara sakatA hai| aise anumAna ko sadA koSThakoM ( ) meM banda karake rakhanA cAhiye / ina koSThakoM se yaha patA cala sakegA ki ye sthala sampAdaka ke sujhAva haiN| aise pATha nirdhAraNa meM sAMkhyikI (Statistics) kA bhI upayoga ho sakatA hai / zabdoM ke kaI rUpa milate hoM unameM kaunasA rUpa lekhaka kA apanA prAmANika ho sakatA hai isakI kasoTI sAMkhyikI dvArA prAvRtti nirdhArita karake kI jA sakatI hai| sAMkhyikI se se zAdoM ke vividha rUpoM kI AvRttiyA~ (Frequencies) dekhI jA sakatI haiN| jisa grantha kA sampAdana kiyA jA rahA hai, usakI bhASA kA vyAkaraNa bhI banA lenA caahiye| isake dvArA vAkya racanA ke prAmANika Adarza svarUpa kI parikalpanA ho sakatI hai / yadi isake racayitA kI koI anya kRti milatI ho to usase tulanApUrvaka isa grantha ke pATha ke kitane hI saMdigdha sthaloM ko prAmANika banAyA jA sakatA hai / aise granthoM meM zabdAnukramaNikA denA upayogI rahatA hai / pAThAnusaMdhAna (Textual Creticism) bhASA-vijJAna (Linguistics) kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| ataH isake siddhAnta vaijJAnika ho gaye haiN| Upara usI vaijJAnika paddhati para kucha prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa vaijJAnika paddhati ke pracalana se pUrva hameM pATha-sampAdana ke kaI prakAra milate haiM / eka paddhati to sAmAnya paddhati thI-kisI grantha ko eka prati milI, usake hI AdhAra para 'presa-kApI' taiyAra kara dI gii| hastalikhita granthoM meM zabda-zabda meM antara nahIM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #275
pAThAlocana/241 kiyA jAtA thA / eka zIrSa-rekhA se zabda-zabda ko jor3akara likhA jAtA thA. yathA- .. prAgecalebahuriraghurAI RSyamUkaparvataniya rAI isa paddhati kA sampAdaka jo adhika se adhika kara sakatA hai vaha yaha hai ki apanI buddhi kA upayoga karake caraNa-bandha ko tor3akara 'zabda-bandha' se pAMDulipi prastuta kara de / yaha zabda 'bandha' vaha apane zabdArtha jJAna ke AdhAra para hI karatA thaa| spaSTa hai ki aise sampAdana kA koI vaijJAnika mahattva nahIM / para kisI acchI prati kA aisA pATha bhI prakAzita ho jAya to yaha mahattva to usakA hai hI ki eka acchA grantha prakAza meM paayaa| dUsarI paddhati ko pAThAntara paddhati kaha sakate haiN| pATha saMzodhaka ekAdhika grantha ekatra kara letA hai| una granthoM meM se sarasare adhyayana ke uparAnta jo artha Adi kI kasauTI para ThIka pratIta huA, use mUla pATha mAna liyA aura nIce pAda TippaNiyoM meM anya granthoM se pAThAntara de diye / vaijJAnika pAThAlocana pAThAntara dene kA bhI krama rahatA, isa paddhati meM vaisA nahIM hotaa| tIsarI paddhati ko bhASA-aAdarza paddhati kaha sakate haiM / isa paddhati meM jisa grantha kA sampAdana karanA hai usakI vartanI ke rUpoM kA nirdhAraNa aura vyAkaraNa viSayaka niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa usa grantha kA adhyayana karake aura usa kRti kI aura usa kAla kI anya racanAoM se tulanApUrvaka kara liyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra usa grantha kI bhASA kA Adarza rUpa khar3A kara liyA jAtA hai aura usI ke AdhAra para pATha kA saMzodhana prastuta kara diyA jAtA hai / ina paddhatiyoM kA vaijJAnika paddhati ke samakSa kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai. sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| pATha-nirmANa pATha kA punarnirmANa, vaha bhI prAmANika nirmANa, bhI pAThAlocana kA hI eka pakSa hai| ejaraTana mahodaya ne pancatantra ke pATha kA punarnirmANa kiyA thaa| pATha-nirmANa meM unakA kArya zrAdarza kArya mAnA gayA hai| ejaraTana mahodaya ne 'paMcataMtra punarnirmiti' nAmaka grantha meM vividha kSetroM se prApta paMcataMtra ke vividha rUpoM ko lekara unameM pAye jAne vAle antaroM aura bhedoM ko dRSTi meM rakha kara usake 'mUlarUpa' kA nirmANa karane kA prayatna kiyaa| paMcataMtra ke vividha rUpAntaroM meM kahAniyoM meM pAgama, lopa aura viSayaka milate haiN| prathama, prazna yahI upasthita hotA hai ki taba paMcataMtra kA mUlarUpa kyA rahA hogA aura usameM kauna-kaunasI kahAniyA~ thIM aura ve kisa krama meM rahI hoNgii| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vizva meM lokapriyatA kI dRSTi se bAibila ke bAda paMcataMtra kA sthAna hai| isI kAraNa paMcataMtra ke kitane hI saMskaraNa milate haiN| unameM antara hai-ataH paMcataMtra ke mUlarUpa kA nirmANa karane kI samasyA bhI 'pAThAlocana' ke andara hI AtI hai| isake lie ejaraTana mahodaya ne vaMzavRkSa banAyA / vaha isa prakAra hai : vaMzavRkSa, prAcInatara paMcataMtra ke saMskaraNoM ke Antarika sambandha dikhAne ke lie| 1. Edgerton, Franklin-The Panchatantra Reconstructed, Vol. II, p. 48. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #276
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 242 / pANDulipi - vijJAna *Ur-Pancatantra 1 * Ur-Pa * Ur-SP 1 1 *Ur-T *Northwestern Brhatkatha ! * Pahlata 8 4Ur-N www.kobatirth.org * Ur-Spl Arabic PIO Southern Pancatantra Simplicior Syriac Somadeva Tantrakhyayika Hitopadesa Nepalese Pancatantra Ksemendra Pornabhadra Indicates hypothetical versions. Italics indicate translations into other languages than Sanskrit ejaraTana mahodaya ne 'paMcataMtra' ke punanirmANa meM jisa prakriyA kA pAlana kiyA hai, usakI carcA unhoMne khaNDa 2 ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kI hai / unakI eka sthApanA yaha hai ki mUla (paMcataMtra ) ke sambandha meM usa samaya taka kucha

Page #277
pAThAlocana/243 bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaba taka ki yaha nirdhArita na ho jAya ki kaunase saMskaraNa dvitIya sthAnIya rUpa meM paraspara antarataH sambandhita haiN| do saMskaraNoM meM dvitIya sthAnIya Antarika sambandha (Secondary interrelationship) se yaha abhiprAya hai ki mUla paMcatantra se vAda ke aura usase tulanA meM dvitIya sthAnIya (Secondary) prati kI sarvamAnya (Common) mUlAdhAra (Archetype) graMtha kI prati se pUrNataH yA azataH unakI udbhAvanA (Descent) yA avatIrNatA kI sthiti isa ubhAvanA yA avatIrNatA ko siddha karane ke tIna hI mArga haiM : eka----yaha pramANa (sabUta) ki una saMskaraNoM meM aisI sAmagrI aura bAte pracura mAtrA meM haiM, jo mUla grantha meM ho sakatI haiM / do yA adhika saMskaraNoM meM vaha mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI aura ve viziSTa bAteM aise rUpa meM aura itanI mAtrA meM milatI haiM ki yaha sambhAvanA kI A sakatI hai ki yaha sAmagrI mUla se hI avatIrNa kI gayI hai, aura una sabhI saMskaraNoM meM ve aise sthAnoM para niyojita haiM, jina para svatantra rUpa se taiyAra kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha kisI anya grantha se avatIrNa nahIM huaA hai to yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki unameM dI gaI kahAniyA~ eka hI krama meM aura eka jaise sthaloM para hI niyojita hoMgI, aisA ho nahIM sakatA / ataH yadi kucha pratiyoM yA saMskaraNoM meM kahAniyoM kA samAveza eka jaise krama aura sthaloM para mile to yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki unakA sambandha kisI mUla srota ne hai / dUsare-yaha pramANa ki kitane hI saMskaraNoM yA pratiyoM yA rUpoM meM paraspara bahuta choTI-choTI mahattvapUrNa bAtoM meM sAmya niyamitatA bhASAgata rUpa-vidhAna meM milatA hai| sAtha hI yaha sAmya bhI ki sAmya pracura mAtrA meM hai zora aisA hai jise saMyoga mAtra mAnA jA sakatA / aise avataraNoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana apekSita hotA hai| tIsarA--pramANa (sabUta) kucha durbala baiThatA hai / vaha pramANa yaha hai ki jo rUpa yA saMskaraNa hamAre samakSa haiM ve eka vRhad pUrNa saMskaraNa ke aMza haiM, aura vaha saMskaraNa sarvasAmAnya mUla kA hI hai| ejaraTana mahodaya ina tIna kasauTiyoM meM se pahalI do ko adhika prAmANika mAnate haiM, yadi ina tInoM se vividha pratiyoM kA antara sambandha siddha nahIM hotA to yaha mAnanA hogA ki ve mUla paMcatantra kI svatantra zAkhAe~ haiM, jo eka-dUsare se sambandhita nahIM / taba unhoMne yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki yaha kaise mAnA jAya ki mala meM koI 'paMcataMtra' thA bhI, kyoMki kahAniyA~ loka pracalita ho sakatI haiM, jinheM saMkalita karake saMgrahakartAoM ne yaha rUpa de diyA / unhoMne yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA ki paMcataMtra ke jitane bhI hastalikhita grantha milate haiM unameM (1) ve sabhI kahAniyA~ samAna rUpa se vinyasta haiM, jinheM mUla mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) aura yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki ve sabhI saMskaraNoM meM eka hI krama meM haiM tathA (3) adhikAMzataH kathA (Frame Story) samAna haiN| (4) gabhita kathAe~ adhikAMza saMskaraNoM meM samAna-sthaloM para hI guMthI huI milatI haiN| ina cAroM bAtoM se siddha hotA hai ki paMcataMtroM meM kahAniyoM ke saMgraha kA yaha viziSTa binyAsa eka daivayoga mAtra yA saMyoga-mAtra nahIM ho sktaa| isa kasauTI se ve kahAniyA~ alaga chaiTa jAtI haiM jo ina vividha saMskaragoM ke saMgraha-kartAoM ne apanI ruci se kahIM anyatra se lekara sammilita karadI haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #278
244/pANDulipi-vijJAna ina samasta kasauTiyoM se adhika prAmANika kasauTI hai sabhI mUla kahAniyA kI bhASA aura muhAvare kA sAmya / spaSTa hai ki taba taka itane saMskaraNoM meM bhASA-sAmya nahIM ho sakatA, jaba taka ki ve kisI eka mula se pratilipi mUla saMskaraNa se pratilipi rUpa meM prastuta na kiye gaye hoN|| ina kasauTiyoM se yaha to siddha ho jAtA hai ki eka mUla grantha avazya thaa| yaha bhI hai ki.... (1) jo bAteM sabhI saMskaraNoM yA granthoM meM mamAna haiM, ve mUla meM honI caahiye| (2) yadi kucha bAteM kinhIM eka do pustakoM meM chuTa bhI hoM to, unakA koI mahattva nhiiN| (3) kucha atyanta bhUkSma bAteM yadi svatantra saMskaraNoM kI apekSAkRta kama saMkhyA meM mamAna rUpa se milatI hoM, taba bhI unheM anivAryataH mUla kA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (4) kucha svatantra saMskaraNoM meM yadi apekSAkRta adhika mahattvapUrNa bAteM samAna rUpa se milatI hai to yaha adhika sambhAvanA hai ki ve mUla se hI pAyI haiN| inake sambandha meM yaha dhAraNA samIcIna nahIM mAnI jA sakatI ki inakA samAveza yoM hI svatantra rUpa se ho gayA hai, kyoMki ye anya svatantra saMskaraNoM meM nahIM miltii| varan yaha mAnanA adhika maMgata hogA ki aisI viziSTa mahattvapUrNa bAteM anyoM meM chor3a dI gaI haiN| (5) yadi pUrI kI pUrI kahAniyA~ kitanI hI svataMtra pratiyA meM samAnarUpeNa samAviSTa milatI haiM, aura ve bhI prAyaH sabhI meM eka hI jaise sthaloM para, to ve bhI mUla se pAyI mAnanI hogii| yadi bar3I kahAniyA~ svatantra rUpa se kahIM kisI kahAnI meM jor3I gayI hoMgI to usakI sthiti bilkula bhinna honI / prathama sthiti meM kahAnI jahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se apane sthAna para jur3I samIcIna pratIta hogI, vahA~ dUsarI sthiti meM vaha thegarI (Patch) jaisI lagegI / ejaraTana se ye kucha pramukha bAteM hamane yahA~ dI hai / jo bAteM paMcataMtra ke pATha ke punanirmANa ke lie dI gayI haiM, ve kisI bhI grantha ke punarnirmANa meM, usa grantha ke rUpa aura viSaya ke anusAra ucita saMzodhana-pUrvaka upayoga meM lAyI jA sakatI haiN| pUrva meM dI gaI pAThAlocana-prakriyA bhI aise pAThAlocana meM upayoga meM lAnI hI par3egI, kyoMki ejaraTana ne bhI bhASA (Verbal) pakSa ko pUrA mahattva diyA hai / pAThAlocana yA pATha kI punarracanA yA punarmAiNa meM kucha aura pakSa bhI haiM, una pakSoM ke lie Thosa-vaijJAnika-paddhati sthApita ho cukI hai| inameM se kucha kA ullekha saMkSepa meM DaoN0 choTe lAla zarmA ne apane nibandha 'hindI-pATha-zodhana vijJAna' meM saMkSepa meM yoM kiyA hai : _ "kavi vizeSa kI vyaktigata bhApA (Ideobet) ko samajhane-parakhane ke aura bhI tarIke haiM (1) harDana kI sAMkhyikIya paddhati----harDana prayogAvRtti ko zailI kA pradhAna lakSaNa svIkAra karatA hai / usakA kahanA hai ki jaba do lekhakoM meM eka hI prakAra kI prayogAvRtti dIkha par3atI hai to usakI zakti aura kSamatA kI puSTi kI sambhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai| usakI yaha sahaja svIkRti hai ki bhASA meM niyama aura AkasmikatA-donoM hI tattva kAma karate haiM, yahA~ taka ki zabdoM ke cunAva meM bhI AkasmikatA kA Agraha rahatA hai / yaha AkasmikatA samasAmayika lekhakoM kI tulanA ke anantara grantha-vizeSa kI prAkasmika prayogAvRtti se spaSTa hotI hai jo pATha-zodha meM hI nahIM racanAoM ke kAlakramika nirNaya evaM pATha-prAmANikatA Adi meM vizeSa maphala evaM upAdeya siddha hotI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #279
pAThAlocana/245 (2) tulanAtmaka bhASA vaijJAnika paddhati-ukta paddhati meM chanda para vizeSa vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / pariNAmataH bhASAoM ke pArivArika saMbaMdhoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai aura luptaprAyaH bhASAoM ke uccAra kA AnumAnika punaruddhAra prayogavAdI svana-vaijJAnikoM ne chaMda nirmANa kI vyAkhyA anutAna kI abhiracanA ke AdhAra para kI hai jo usa bhASA ke bolane vAle prayoga meM lAte haiM / chaMdoM kA adhyayana tIna rUpoM meM kiyA jAtA hai (1) lekha vaijJAnika, (2) saMgItAtmaka, aura (3) dhvanika / lekha-vijJAna meM Thoka-ThIka dhvaniyoM evaM anutAnoM kA prayoga saMgItAtmaka rUpa meM hotA hai / saMgotAtmaka-adhyayana meM chaMda saMgIta kI laya ke sadRza hotA hai jisakA jJApana saMgIta-cihnaka ke dvArA ho sakatA hai / yaha padya ke prAtmaparakatAlokana ke jhukAva ko samRddha karatA hai / dhvanika adhyayana svarAghAta, prabalatA tathA saMdhi ko vibhakta karatA hai aura artha para koI dhyAna nahIM detA hai / yaha padya kI dhvani kA anukrama svIkAra karatA hai aura artha tathA zabda evaM vAkyAMza gImA (Boundary) ke lie parezAna nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra bhASA ke khaNDetara punaH nirmANa ke anantara khaNDIya punanirmANa sarala ho jAte haiM kyoMki khaNDetara dhvani vistAra khaNDIya vyaniyoM ke prayoga ke niyAmaka hote haiM / truTiyA~ prAyaH viparIta dizA se punarnirmANa ke kAraNa hotI haiN| (3) saMkalpanAtmaka paddhati-ukta paddhati meM abhivyaMjanA kI ikAiyoM ko pAryatika rUpa meM saMkSipta kiyA jAtA hai aura taba tarka-saMgata prameyoM kA saralIkaranA prArambha hotA hai jo kahAnI ke abhiprAya-parigaNana meM sahAyaka hote haiM, jisake sahAre kathya kI tulanA kI jAtI hai| kAvya meM ve pariveza ke grahaNa ke tarIke ko batAte haiM jisase kavitA kA nirmANa hotA hai / isa prakAra pATha ke saMkSiptIkaraNa se alaMkaraNa-kATi, nirmANa kalA evaM racanAkAra kI vaiyaktika zailI spaSTa ho jAtI hai / yaha paddhati sUkSma saMracanAtmaka saMkrAbhya paddhati se aneka rUpoM meM bhinna hai / sUkSma saMracanA eka dhAraNA mAtra hai jo bhASA-vizeSa ke vAkyoM kI prajanaka hotI hai| vyAkaraNa kI saralatA se isakI prakRti evaM avayavoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai / saMkalpanAtmaka pratimAna bhAvAnayana hai jo eka hI viSaya se sambandha eka yA aneka vAkyoM ke saMkSiptIkaraNa se utpanna hotA hai / sUkSma saMracanA meM hara zabda kI kaiphiyata talAza karanI hotI hai lekina saMkalpanAtmaka pratimAna parivartya sambandhoM ke saMkSiptIkaraNa kA uddharaNa mAtra hai / phira sUkSma saMracanA meM bhAvAnayana kramazaH nahIM hotA hai, jabaki saMkalpanAtmaka meM kramazaH hotA hai| ina tInoM paddhatiyoM ke yoga se kathya evaM bhASA donoM kA punaH nirmANa prAmANika rUpa se sambhava hai aura vikRtiyoM kA nirAkaraNa atyanta sarala evaM saphala / / DO 1. zarmA, choTelAla (DaoN.)-hindI pATha-zodhana vijJAna-vizvabhAratI patrikA (khaNDa 13, aGka 4), pR0 330 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #280
adhyAya kAla nirdhAraNa pANDulipi prApta hone para pahalI samasyA to use par3hane kI hotI hai| isakA artha hai / lipi kA udghATana' / isa para pahale 'lipi samasyA' vAle adhyAya meM carcA ho cukI dUsarI samasyA usa pAMDulipi ke kAla-nirdhAraNa kI hotI hai| prazna yaha hai ki kAla-nirdhAraNA kI samasyA khar3I kyoM aura kaise hotI hai ? hameM jo pAMDulipiyA~ prApta hotI haiM unheM 'kAla' kI dRSTi se do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai: eka varga una pAMDulipiyoM kA hai jinameM 'kAla-saMketa' diyA huA hai / dUsarA varga unakA hai jinameM kAla-saMketa kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| 'kAla-saMketa' se samasyA sAmAnyataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa pAMDulipi meM kAla-saMketa haiM, usake sambandha meM to koI samasyA uThanI hI nahIM cAhiye / kintu vAstava meM kAla-saMketa ke kAragA aneka kaThinAiyA~ aura samasyAeM uTha khar3I hotI haiM aura koI-koI samasyA to aisI hotI hai ki sulajhane kA nAma hI nahIM letI / udAharaNArtha-pRthvIrAja rAso meM saMvatoM kA ullekha hai / unako lekara viAda aAja taka calA hai| 'kAla-saketa' ke prakAra ___ vastutaH samasyA svayaM 'kAla-saMketa' meM hI antamukta hotI hai, kyoMki 'kAla-saMketa' ke prakAra bhinna-bhinna pAMDulipiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / isIlie kAla-saMketa ke prakAroM se paricita honA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| saMketa-saMketa' kA pahalA prakAra hameM azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| vaha isa kapa meM hai: dvAdasavamAmi sitena mayA idaM prAjApita isameM azoka ne batAyA hai ki maiMne yaha lekha apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke 12veM varSa meM prakAzita kraayaa| anya lekhoM meM 'mayA', 'mere dvArA' yA 'maine' ke sthAna para 'devanAM priya' yA 'priyadarzI' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai; para prAyaH sabhI 'kAla-saMketoM kA prakAra yahI hai ki kAla-gaNanA apane abhiSeka varSa se batAyI gayo hai, yathA-rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThaveM ikkIsaveM varSa meM likhAyA, Adi / ataH 'kAla-saMketa' kA pahalA prakAra yaha huA ki abhilekha likhAne vAlA rAjA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #281
kAla nirdhAraNa/247 kAla-gaNanA ke lie apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke varSa kA ullekha kara detA hai| isa prakAra ko 'rAjyavarSa' nAma de sakate haiN| azoka ke lekhoM meM kevala rAjyAbhiSeka ke 'varSa' kA AThavA~, bArahavA~, bIsavA~ varSa mAdi diyA huA hai| zuMgoM ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI 'rAjyavarSa' hI diyA gayA hai| AndhroM ke zilAlekhoM meM 'kAla-saMketa' meM kucha vistAra pAyA hai| udAharaNArtha : gautamI putra mAtakariMga ke eka lekha meM kAla-saMketa yoM hai "sabachare, 10 + 8 kasa parave 2 divame" isakA artha huyA ki 1 8veM varSa meM varSA Rtu ke dUsare pAna kA pahalA dina / yahA~ 18vAM varSa gautamI putra sAtakariNa ke rAjatva-kAla kA hai| isameM kevala rAjyAbhiSeka varSa-gaNanA kA hI ullekha nahIM varan Rtu pakSa tathA dina yA tithi kA bhI ullekha hai| 'sabacchara' saMvatsara zabda varSa ke lie pAyA hai| isa samaya bhI rAjya varSa kA hI ullekha milatA hai, yoM tithi-viSayaka anya byaure isameM haiN| RtuoM kA ullekha hai, mAsa kA nhiiN| pAkha (pakSa) kA ullekha hai, prathama yA dvitIya pAkha kaa| divasa kA bhI ullekha hai / taba mahArASTra ke kSaharAta aura ujjayinI ke mahAkSatrapoM ke zilAlekha Ate haiN| inhoMne hI pahale Rtu ke sthAna para mAsa kA ullekha kiyA "base 40+2 vaizAkha mAse' inhoMne hI pahale mAsa se bahula (kRSNa) yA zuddha (zukla) pakSa kA sandarbha dete hue tithi dI "varSa dvipaMcAze 50+2 phaguga bahulama dvitIya vAre / " isa uddharaNa meM 'vAra' zabda kA bhI pahale-pahala prayoga huyA hai, divasa prAdi ke lie, 'mArga zIrSa bahula pratipadA' meM 'pratipadA' yA 'par3avA' tithi hai, kRSNa athavA bahula pakSa kI / inake kisI-kisI zilAlekha meM to nakSatra kA muhUrta taka de diyA gayA hai, yathA :---- baizAkha zuddha paMcama-dhanya tithau rohiNI nakSatra muhUrte" pahale inhIM ke zilAlekhoM meM niyamita saMvat varSa kA ullekha hugrA, aura usake sAtha rAjyavarSa kA ullekha bhI kabhI-kabhI kiyA gayA, yathA : zrI-dharavarmaNA........svarAjyAbhi vRddhi kare vaijayike saMvatatsare trayodazame / zrAvaNa bahulasya dazamI divasaM pUrvaka meta....20+ 1 arthAt zrIdharavarmA ke vijayI evaM samRddhizAlI terahaveM rAjya varSa meM aura 201 veM (saMvat) meM zrAvaNa mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI dazamI ke dina....' vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki rAjyavarSa ke atirikta jo varSa 201 diyA gayA hai vaha zaka saMvat hI hai| yaha draSTavya hai ki 'zaka' yA 'zAke' zabda kA upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA, kevala 'varSa yA saMvatsare' se kAma calAyA gayA hai| 1. azoka ke abhilekha prAcInatama abhilekha haiN| basa eka zilAlekha hI aimA prApta huA hai jo azoka me pUrva kA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha lekha ajamera ke ajAyabaghara meM rakhA huA hai aura badalI se prApta huA thaa| isameM bhI do paMktiyoM meM kAla saMketa haiM / eka paMkti meM 'vIrAya bhagavataM' aura dUsarI meM 'caturAsIti bama' / niskarSata: yaha vIra yA mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke caurAsIveM varSa meM likhA gyaa| azoka pUrva kA lekha ojhAjI dvArA viziSTa batAyA gayA hai kyoki yaha vIra-nirvANa se kAla-gaNanA detA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #282
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 248, pANDulipi - vijJAna www.kobatirth.org hai| zaka saMvat jisa ghaTanA se prArambha huA vaha 78 I0 avanti kI vijaya / isI vijaya ke upalakSya meM avanti meM huA jise prArambha meM binA nAma ke kAma meM liyA gyaa| yA zAke zabda kA prayoga niyamita rUpa se hone lagA / zaka saM0 500 se 1263 taka ke zilAlekhoM meM varSa ke sAtha nIce likhI zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA gayA : saMvat ke lekha ke sAtha 'zaka' zabda saMvat 500 ke zilAlekhoM se jur3A huA milatA meM ghttii| vaha thI caSTaNa dvArA 78 I0 meM yaha saMvat prArambha isake bAda 500 veM varSa ke zaka (1) zakanRpati rAjyAbhiSeka saMvatsara (2) zakanRpati saMvatsara (2) zakatRpa saMvatsara ( 4 ) zakanRpakAla ( 5 ) zaka saMvata ( 6 ) zaka (7) zAka' Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir spaSTa hai ki Arambha meM 'rAjya varSa' ke rUpa meM isa zakanRpati ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA saMvat mAnA gayA / usa rAjyAbhiSeka kA abhiprAya zakoM kI vijaya ke uparAnta hue abhiSeka se thA / isI zaka saMvat ke sAtha zAlivAhana zabda bhI jur3a gayA aura yaha 'zAke zAlivAhana' kahalAne lgaa| isa prakAra yaha dakSiNa tathA uttara meM lokapriya ho gayA / zilAlekhoM meM sabase pahale hameM niyamita saMvat ke rUpa meM zaka saMvat kA hI ullekha milatA hai | ataH 'kAla saMketa' kI eka praNAlI to rAjA ke zilAlekha yAnI rAjA dvArA likhAye gaye zilAlekha ke likhe jAne ke samaya kA ullekha usI ke rAjya ke varSa ke ullekha kI praNAlI meM milatA hai / taba, niyamita saMvat dene kI paripATI se dUsare prakAra kA 'kAlasaMketa' hameM milatA hai / isa zilAlekha se hameM rAjya varSa kisa prakAra ina kAla saMketoM se bhI kucha samasyAe~ prastuta hotI haiM jinameM se pahalI samasyA rAjA ke apane rAjya varSa ke nirdhAraNa kI hai / azoka ke 8veM varSa meM koI zilAlekha likhA gayA to azoka ke sandarbha meM to usake rAjyakAla ke 8veM varSa kA jJAna upalabdha ho jAtA hai kintu itihAsa ke kAlakrama meM kisI rAjA kA se apane sthAna para biThAyA jAyegA, yaha samasyA khar3I hotI hai / yaha samasyA taba kucha kaThina ho sakatI hai jaba vaha rAjA koI aisA rAjA ho jisake rAjyAroharaNa kA varSa kahIM se bhI upalabdha na hotA ho / yathArtha meM aise kAla saMketa se ThIka-ThIka kAla nirdhAraNa aisI sthiti meM tabhI ho sakatA hai ki jaba rAjA ke rAjyAroharaNa-kAla kA jJAna hameM san saMvata kI usa praNAlI meM upalabdha ho sake jise hama apane sAmAnya itihAsa meM kAma meM lAte haiM / jaise, Adhunika itihAsa meM hama I0 san kA upayoga karate haiM aura usI ke AdhAra para I0 san ke pUrva kI ghaTanAoM ko bhI ( I0 pU0 dvArA) dyotita karate haiM / jaba 'kAla-saMketa' dUsarI praNAlI se diyA gayA ho jisameM kisI niyamita saMvat kA nirdeza ho to samasyA yaha upasthita hotI hai ki use usa kAlakrama meM kisa prakAra yathAsthAna biThAyA jAya jisakA upayoga hama vartamAna samaya meM itihAsa meM karate haiM / jaise 1. Pandey, Rajbali - Indian Palaeography, p. 191. For Private and Personal Use Only ---

Page #283
kAla nidhAraNa/249 azoka ke kAla se pUrva kA likhA jo eka zilAlekha ajamera ke baDalI grAma meM milA usameM 'vIrAya bhagavata' pahalI paMkti hai aura dUsarI paMkti 'caturAzi base' hai, jisakA artha huA ki mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 84veM varSa meM / aba 84veM varSa kA ullekha to aisI ghaTanA kI ora saMketa karatA hai jo eka prasiddha mahApuruSa se jur3I huI hai, jisake sambandha meM unake dharma ke anuyAyI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne nirdhAnta rUpa se 'mahAvIra saMvat' yA 'vIra nirvANa saMvat' kI gaNanA surakSita rakho hai / jaina lekhaka apane granthoM meM nirvANa saMvat kA ullekha karate rahe haiN| zvetAmbara jaina merutuGga sUri ne 'vicAra theNI' meM batAyA hai ki 'mahAvIra saMvat' aura vikrama saM0 meM 470 varSoM kA antara pAtA hai| isa gaNanA se mahAvIra saMvat kA prArambha 527 I0 pU0 meM huaA, kyoMki vikrama saMvata kA prArambha 57 I0 pU0 meM hotA hai aura 470 varSa kA antara hone se 57+47)= 527 I0 pU0 mahAvIra kA nirvANa saMvat huA / isa vidhi se 3 saMtoM kA pArasparika samanvaya hameM prApta ho jAtA hai| vikrama saMvat kA 'vIra nirdhAraNa saMvat' se aura donoM kA paraspara 'I0 san' se| yadi 'vIra nirvANa' ke varSa kA jJAna saMdigdha ho to isa prakAra kA 'kAla-saMketa' kisI nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca sakegA / yaha sthiti kisI choTe aura ajJAta rAjA ke rAjyArohaNa kAla kI ho sakatI hai kyoMki use jAnane ke koI pakke pramAraNa hamAre pAsa nahIM haiM, vahI sthiti kucha aise kama pracalita anya saMvatoM ke sambandha meM bhI ho sakatI hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki. kisI eka rAjA ke rAjyArohaNa ke sandarbha se kAla ke saMketa se adhika upayogI kAlanirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se niyamita saMvat kA ullekha hotA hai| yoM mUlataH yaha niyamita saMvat bhI kisI ghaTanA se sambaddha rahatA hai, hama dekha cuke haiM ki 'zaka saMvat' zaka nRpati ke rAjyArohaNa ke kAla kA saMketa karatA hai, 'vIra saMvat' kA sambandha mahAvIra 'nirvANa se hai kintu 'gaka saMvat' niyamita ho gayA kyoMki yaha sarvajana mAnya ho gayA hai / Upara kAla-nirdhAraNa viSayaka do paddhatiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai--- (1) rAjyArohaNa ke kAla ke AdhAra para, tathA (2) niyamita saMvat ke ullekha se / 1 kintu aise lekha bhI ho sakate haiM jinameM na rAjyArohaNa se barSa kI gaNanA dI gaI ho, na niyamita saMvat kA hI ullekha ho / aisI dazA meM lekhoM meM saMbhita samakAlIna rAjAoM kA vyaktiyoM ke AdhAra para kalA-nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, yathA-azoka ke terahaveM zilAlekha meM aneka samakAlIna videzI zAsakoM ke nAma Aye haiN| yadi unakI tithiyA~ prApta hoM to azoka kI tithi pAI jA sakatI hai / yUnAnI rAjA aMtiyokAsa dvitIya kA ullekha hai| inako tithi jJAta hai / ye I0 pU0261-46 taka pazcimI eziyA ke zAsaka the| dvitIya TaoNlamI kA bhI ullekha hai jo uttarI aphrIkA meM I0 pU0 232-40 taka zAsaka thaa| ina samakAlIna zAsakoM ko tithiyoM ke AdhAra para azoka ke rAjyArohaNa kA varSa I0 pU0 270 nikAlA gayA hai| niyama saMvat kA ullekha kuSANa narezoM ke samaya se milatA hai| Arambha ke saMvat bayoM meM saMvat kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA, para yaha nirdhArita ho cukA hai ki yaha zaka saMvatta hai jo 78 I0 se Arambha huaa| isase Age dvitIya candragupta ke samaya se gaptoM ke lekhoM meM jo dho kA nideza hai vaha mI rAjya-varSa kA na hokara gupta-saMvata ke varSa kA hai| yathA--- mAnagupta kA eraNa stamma kA lekha, isameM 191veM varSa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yaha 191vAM gupta saMvat hai| harSavardhana kI tithiyA~ 'harSa-saMvata' kI sUcaka haiM / nepAla ke lekhoM meM bhI harSa-saMvat hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #284
250/pANDulipi-vijJAna isa prakAra se tithi nirdhAraNa karane meM bhI kaThinAiyA~ AtI haiM : eka to yaha kaThinAI ThIka pATha na par3he jAne se khar3I hotI hai / galata pATha se galata niSkarSa niklegaa| 'hAthI guMphA' ke lekha meM eka vAkya yoM par3hA gayA-"panaMtariya san vasa sate rAja muriya kAle / ' stena kono ne isakA artha diyA 'maurya kAla ke 165veM varSa meN| isI ke AdhAra para unhoMne yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAlA ki candragupta maurya ne eka saMvat calAyA thA jI mauryasaMvat (muriya kAle) kahA gyaa| aba kucha vidvAn isa pATha ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate / unakI dRSTi meM ThIka pATha hai-'pAnatarIya saba sahasehi, mukhiya kala vocchina / " isameM varSa yA saMvat yA kAla kA koI saMketa nhiiN| ava yaha siddha-sA hai ki candragupta maurya ne koI maurya-saMvat nahIM calAyA thaa| kintu kisI na kisI 'kAla-saMketa' se kucha na kucha sahAyatA to milatI hI hai, aura samakAlitA evaM jJAta maMvata kI paddhati meM mantopajanaka rUpa meM niyamita saMvat meM kAlanirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| para kAla nirdhArita karane meM yathArtha kaThinAI taba AtI hai, jaba koI kAla saMketa racanA meM na diyA gayA ho / adhikAMza prAcIna sAhitya meM kAla-saMketa nahIM rhte| vaidika sAhitya kA kAla-nirdhAraNa kaise kiyA jAya / itihAsa ke lie yaha karanA to hogA hii| isa prakAra kI samasyA ke lie varNya-viSaya meM milane vAle una saMketoM yA ullekhoM kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai, jinameM kAla kI ora kisI bhI prakAra se iMgita karane kI kSamatA hotI hai / aba isa prakAra ge kAla nirdhAraNa karane kI prakriyA ko hama pANini ke udAharaNa se samajha sakate haiM : pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI eka prasiddha grantha hai| isa grantha se usakI racanA kA 'kAlasaMketa' nahIM milatA / ataH aSTAdhyAyI meM jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai usI ke AdhAra para samaya kA anumAna vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai / ye anumAna kitane bhinna haiM, yaha isI se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki eka vidvAna ne use 400 I0 pU0 maanaa| golDasTukara ne aSTAdhyAyI ke adhyayana ke uparAnta yaha nirdhArita kiyA ki pANini yAska ke bAda huA aura buddha se pUrva thA, kyoMki aSTAdhyAyI se vidita hotA hai ki vaha buddha se paricita nahIM thaa| pAra0 jI0 bhAMDArakara yaha mAnate haiM ki pANini dakSiNa bhArata se aparicita the, ataH inakI dRSTi meM pANini 7-8vIM zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM hI the / 'pAThaka' mahodaya pANini ko mahAvIra svAmI se kucha pUrva 'sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke antima caraNa meM mAnate haiN| DI0 Ara0 bhAMDArakara ne pahale sAtavIM zatAbdI meM mAnA, bAda meM chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke madhya siddha kiyA / cAra peMTiyara pANini ko 550 I0 pU0 meM vidyamAna mAnate haiM, bAda meM inhoMne 500 I0pU0 ko adhika samIcIna maanaa| holika ne 350 I0 pU0 kA hI mAnA hai / vevara ne aSTAdhyAyI ke eka sUtra ke bhramAtmaka artha ke AdhAra para pAgini ko sikandara ke prAkramaraNa ke uparAnta kA btaayaa| ye sabhI anumAna aSTAdhyAyI kI sAmagrI para hI khar3e kiye gae haiN| aise adhyayana kA eka pakSa to yaha hotA hai ki pANini kina bAtoM se aparicita thA, jaise-golDasTukara isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki pANini pAraNyaka, upaniSad, prAtizAkhya, vAjasaneyI saMhitA, zatapatha brAhmaNa, atharvaveda tathA paDdarzanoM meM paricita nahIM the| ataH niSkarSa nikalA ki For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #285
kAla nirdhAraNa/ 251 jina bAtoM se vaha paricita nahIM vaha una bAtoM se pUrva huaa| to vaha upaniSad yuga se pUrva rahe hoMge / isakA dUsarA pakSa hai ki vaha kinase dericita thA, yathA- Rgveda, sAmaveda aura kRSNayajurveda se paricita the / phalataH jinase paricita the unakI samayAvadhi ke bAda aura jinase paricita unake loka pracalita hone ke kAla se pUrva pAni vidyamAna rahe arthAt 400 I0 pu0 / ava golDasTukara ke isa niSkarSa ko amAnya karane ke lie DA vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne zraSTAdhyAyI se hI yaha batAyA hai ki (1) pAripani, 'upaniSad' zabda se paricita the, pANini mahAbhArata se bhI paricita the, ve zloka aura zlokakAroM kA ullekha karate haiM, 'naTasUtra, zizu krandIya, yamasabhIya, indranartanIya jaise saMskRta ke mahAna kAvyoM kA bhI jJAna rakhate / DA~0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne aSTAdhyAyI ke bhaugolika ullekhoM se isa tarka ko bhI mAnya kara diyA hai ki pAriNani 'dakSiNa' se aparicita the / grantarayana deza, grazmaka. evaM kaliMga graSTAdhyAyI meM Aye haiM / maskarI parivrAjakoM ke ullekha meM maMkhalI gosAla se paricita the / (pANini) maMkhalI gosAla buddha ke samakAlIna the / ataH isa sandarbha se aura kumArazramaraNa aura nirvAraNa jaise zabdoM ke aSTAdhyAyI meM Ane se bauddha dharma se unheM aparicita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / zraviSThA ( yA dhaniSThA) ko nakSatra-vyUha meM prathama sthAna dekara pANini ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki unakI kAlAvadhi kI nimnastha tithi 400 I0 pU0 ho sakatI hai / pANini ne lipi, lipikAra, yavanAnI lipi tathA 'grantha' zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai / yavanAnI lipi se kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA thA ki bhArata meM yavanoM se paricaya sikandara ke AkramaNa se huA, ataH aSTAdhyAyI meM ' yavanAnI lipi' kA zrAnA yaha siddha karatA hai ki pANini sikandara ke bAda hue| para yaha 'yavanAnI' zabda prAyoniyana ( Ionian ) grIsa nivAsiyoM ke lie AyA hai, jinase bhArata kA sambandha sikandara se bahuta pahale thA / yahA~ kAla-nirdhAraNa meM antaraMga sAkSya kA mUlya batAne ke lie pAripani ke sambandha meM yaha sthUla carcA DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke graMtha India as Known to Panini (pANini kAlIna bhArata) ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / vistAra ke lie yahI graMtha dekheM / yahA~ hamane yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki kisa graMtha yA graMthakAra ke samaya nirdhAraNa meM usake grantha meM AyI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para bhI nirbhara kiyA jA sakatA hai / usake grantha ke adhyayana se eka ora to yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vaha kina bAtoM nahIM thA / tathA dUsarI ora yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha kina bAtoM se For Private and Personal Use Only se paricita paricita thA / " 1. jaise rudraTa kA samaya nirdhArita karate hue kANe mahodaya ne batAyA ki "vaha dhvani- siddhAnta se pUrNataH aparicita hai / " ataH vanikAra kA samasAmayika thA usase kucha pUrva / 2. kANe mahodaya ne batAyA hai ki rudraTa kI bhAmaha gora udbhaTa se bahuta nikaTatA hai / rudraTa ne mAmaha, daNDI evaM udbhaTa se adhika alaMkAroM kI carcA kI hai aura isakI praNAlI bhI vaijJAnika hai / kisI ke vikAsa ke caraNoM ke anumAna ko bhI eka pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai /

Page #286
252/pANDulipi-vijJAna phira yaha Avazyaka hotA hai ki ina donoM kI sapramANa vyAkhyA karake aura unake aitihAsika kAla ke sandarbha se usa kavi kI samayAvadhi kI UparI kAla-sImA aura nicalI kAla-sImA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka nirdhArita kI jAya / isa sambandha meM pracalita anuzrutiyoM kI bhI parIkSA kI jAnI cAhiye / prAcIna sAhitya, graMtha, hastalekha Adi ke sambandha meM isa 'antaraMga-sAkSya' kI kAla-gata pariNati kI prakriyA kA bahuta sahArA lenA par3A hai| ___ yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane kI hai ki antaraMga sAkSya yA antaraMga saMgata kathanoM kI kAlagata pariNati prAmANika aura nirdhAnta rUpa se sthApita kI jAya, jaise--'zrAviSThA' kA Adi nakSatra ke rUpa meM ullekha siddha karatA hai| ataH tarka aura pramANa prabala hone cAhie, udAharaNArtha---yavanAnI lipi viSayaka tarka kI prAyoniyanoM se bhArata kA sambandha sikandara se pUrva se thA, prabala aura puSTa tarka mAnA jA sakatA hai| durbala aura asaMgata tarka Age ke vidvAnoM dvArA kATa diye jAte haiN| dUsare pravala tarka dekara kAla-nirdhAraNa karane kA prayatna nirantara hotA rahatA hai| jaise---sAhityadarpaNa ko bhUmikA meM kAraNe- mahodaya ne likhA hai ki---Attempts are made to fix the age of both she and cut by reference to parallel passages from early writers and it is argued that they are later than these poets. Unless the very words are quoted I am not at all disposed to attach the slightes! weight to parallelism of thought. There is not monopoly in the realm of thought as was observed by the dhvanikAra (iv II saMvAdAstu bhavantyeva bAhulyena sumedhasAmA) / kAraNe mahodaya ne yahA~ yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA ki kevala vicAra-sAmya kAla nirdhAraNa meM sahAyaka nahIM, samAna vAkyAvalI avazya pramANa bana sakatI hai para kevala zabdAvalI sAmya hI paryApta nahIM, sandarbhagata abhiprAya-sAmya bhI ho to pramANa acchA mAnA jA sakatA hai| kAla-saMketoM ke rUpa kAla nirdhAraNa meM aise lekhakoM aura granthoM ke sambandha meM to kaThinAI AtI hI hai, jinake kAla ke sambandha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA, kintu jahA~ kAla-saMketa diyA gayA hai vahA~ bhI yathArtha kAla nirdhAraNa meM jaTila kaThinAiyA~ upasthita ho jAtI haiM / Upara 'zilAlekhoM' ke kAla-sandarbha meM hamane yaha dekhA thA ki eka lekha meM 'muriya' par3hA gayA aura usakA artha lagAyA gayA 'maurya saMvat' jabaki kucha vidvAna yaha mAnate the ki yaha pATha galata hai, galata par3ha kara galata artha kiyA gayA, ataH maurya saMvat kI dhAraNA nirAdhAra hai| kintu zilAlekhoM meM 'aMka' bhI kabhI-kabhI ThIka nahIM par3he jAte, isame kAla nirdhAraNa sadoSa ho 1. pramANa ke lie bAhya sAkSya kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kANe ne rudrada ke sambandha meM batAyA hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI ke Age ke kitane hI lekhakoM ne rudraTa kA ullekha kiyA hai : "rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA" meM kAku vakrokti nAma zabdAlaMkAroM miti rudrtt'|" rudraTa ke eka chanda ko bho uddhata kiyA hai| pratI haridurAja ne binA nAmollekha kiye usake chaMda uddha ta kie haiN| dhanika kI 'daza rUpAvalokana TIkA meM uddhata hai / locana meM bhI ullekha hai / mammaTa ne rudraTa kA nAma lekara AlocanA kI hai / isa prakAra yaha siddha huA ki rudraTa 800--850 I. ke bIca hue| 2. Kane, P. V. --Sahityadarpan (Introduction), p. 37. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #287
jAtA hai / " hama yahA~ yaha dekheMge ki granthAdi meM 'kAla - saMketa' kisa-kisa prakAra se diye gae haiM ? aura unake sambandha meM kyA-kyA samasyAeM khar3I huI haiM ? itihAsa se hameM vidita hotA hai ki sabase pahale zilAlekha meM jo ajamera ke pAsa vaDalI grAma meM milA thA, Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. azoka se pUrva meM bIra saMvat (mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat ) kA ullekha diyA / 2. azoka ke abhilekhoM meM rAjya varSa kA ullekha hai / kAla nirdhAraNa/ 253 3. Age zakoM ke samaya meM rAjya va ke sAtha 'zaka saMvat' kA varSa diyA gayA, hA~, varSa saMkhyA ke sAtha 'zaka' kA nAma saMvat ke sAtha nahIM lagAyA gayA / vAda meM 'zaka' kA nAma diyA / 4. varSa yA saMvatsara ke sAtha pahale RtusroM kA ullekha, evaM unake pAtroM kA ullekha hone lagA | isake sAtha hI tithi, muhUrta ko bhI sthAna milane lagA / asita pakSa Rtu zizira samAnnU / kavi ne isameM saMvat diyA hai : satraha sau soraha dasa 5. bAda meM RtuoM ke sthAna para mahInoM kA ullekha hone lagA / mahInoM kA ullekha karate hue donoM pAkhoM ko bhI batAyA gayA hai| zukla yA zuddha aura bahula yA kRSNapakSa bhI diyA gayA / 6. isI samaya nakSatra (yathA- rohiNI) kA samAveza bhI kahIM-kahIM kiyA gayA / 7. varSa saMkhyA zraMkoM meM hI dI jAtI thI para kisI-kisI zilAlekha meM zabdoM ke zraMka batAye gae haiM / 8. hindI ke eka kavi 'sabalazyAma' ne apane grantha kA racanA kAla yoM diyA hai : saMvata satraha se soraha dasa, kavi dina tithi rajanIsa veda rasa / mAgha punIta makara gata bhAnU rasa arthAt ekAdazI / 1716+101726 yaha vikrama saMvat hai, kyoMki hindI meM sAmAnyataH isI saMvat kA ullekha huA hai / saMvat kA nAmollekha na hone para bhI hama ise vikrama saMvat kaha sakate haiM / kavi ne taba dina kA ullekha kiyA : ' kavi dina' kA ullekha bhI pradabhuta hai / kavi dina = zukravAra / tithi aMkoM meM na likhakara zabdoM meM batAyI gayI hai : rajanIsa candramA 1+ veda 4+ 611 For Private and Personal Use Only 1. dekhie - guru gugA ke pUrvaja kA zilAlekha, zodha patrikA (varSa 22 aGka 1), san 1971 meM zrI govinda agravAla kA nibandha 'ojhA (bIkAnera) itihAsa ke kucha saMdigdha sthala / '

Page #288
254, pANDulipi-vijJAna tos aENT Dev. 13112mAre // zrI baka 'dadarevA' grAma meM prApta vidyamAna 'jaitasA' kA zilAlekha (jAna kavi ne 'kyAmakhA rAso' (samvat [1273] meM kyAmakhAnI cauhAnoM kI vaMzAvalI prastuta kI hai, usameM gogAjI va jaitasI kA bhI ullekha hai / ataH isake AdhAra para jaitasI gogAjI ke vaMzaja haiM / ) -mAgha sudi 14 caMdravAra, (samvat 1376) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #289
kAla nirdhAraNa/255 mAgha mahIne ke asita pakSa arthAt kRSNapakSa meM Rtu zizira, tathA bhAnu makara ke-yaha pavitra saMyoga / isameM kavi ne Rtu kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura mahIne kA bhI / spaSTa hai ki yaha kavi mAmAnya paripATI se apane ko bhinna siddha karane ke prayatna kAla saMketa kI sAmAnya paddhati yaha hai ki yadi kavi zabdoM meM kAla-saMketa detA hai to vaha saMvat ko zabdAMkoM meM rakhatA hai, tithi ko nahIM / isa kavi ne tithi ko zabdAMkoM meM rakhA hai jo kramaza: 1,4,6 hotA hai| ataH tInoM ko jor3akara (11) tithi nikAlI gyii| para saMvat ko aMkoM meM diyA hai, use bhI vaiziSTya ke sAtha satraha se soraha + dasa / yahA~ bhI saMvat jor3a ke prApta hotA hai-saMvat satraha se chabbIsa - 1726 / isa bAta meM bhI yaha anokhA hai ki isameM mahInA bhI diyA gayA hai aura Rtu bhI sAtha hai / yaha paddhati kisI-kisI abhilekha meM bhI milatI hai / kAla-saMketa kI yaha eka jaTila paddhati mAnI jA sakatI hai| sAmAnya paddhati aba hama dekheMge ki sAmAnya paddhati kyA hotI hai : sAmAnya paddhati meM saMvata aMkoM meM kintu akSaroM meM diyA jaayegaa| 1726 ko akSaroM meM 'satraha sai chabbIsa' likhA jaayegaa| kahIM-kahIM pAMDulipiyoM meM saMvat ko akSaroM meM dekara usI ke sAtha aMkoM meM bhI likha diyA gayA hai, yathA 'satraha mai chabbIsa 1726' tithi bhI aMkoM meM akSaroM ke dvArA arthAt gyArasa (11) / sAmAnya rUpa se saMvat aura tithi ke sAtha dina kA, mahIne kA aura pakSa kA ullekha bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isa rUpa ke atirikta jo kucha bhI vaiziSTya lAyA jAtA hai, vaha kavi-kauzala mAnA jaayegaa| ___ yaha san-saMvat racanA ke kAla ke liye hI nahIM diyA jAtA, isase lipi-kAla bhI dyotita kiyA jAtA hai, lipikartA bhI apanA vaiziSTya dikhA sakatA hai| kaThinAiyA~ aba kucha yathArtha kaThinAiyoM ke udAharaNoM se yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki kaThinAI kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? puSpikA saMvat para TippariNayAM 1. bIsala deva rAso kI eka prati meM 1. prAcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'bAraha se racanA-tithi yoM dI gaI hai : bahottarAhAM' kA artha 1212 kiyA bAraha se bahottarAhAM maeNjhAri, hai| bahottara dvAdazottara kA rUpAntara jeTha badI navamI budhivAri / nAlha rasAiNa Arambhai / 2. bahottara ko bahattara (72) kA rUpAzAradA tuThI brahma kumAri / ntara kyoM na mAnA jAya / lAlA kAsamIrAM mukha mNddnii| sItArAma aisA hI mAnate haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #290
256/pANDulipi-vijJAna rAma pragAsoM bImala de rAI / ___eka anya prati meM yoM hai.... saMvata sahA satihattaraI jaarinn| 3. isa pATha se saMvat sattahattara arthAta nalha kavImari kahI amRtavAriNa / 1077 nikalatA hai| guNa guththau ca uhAga kaa| mukalapakSa paMcamI zrAvaNamAsa / rohiNI nakSatra sIhAmaraNau / eka anya prati meM--- saMvata tera satottarai jANi 4. isameM 1377 saMvat AtA hai| suka paMcamI nai zrAvaNa mAsa, 5. isakA eka artha ho sakatA hai : hasta nakSatra ravivAra suM satottaraha = zata uttara ekasau tera - 13 : arthAt 1013 eka anya meM--- saMvata sahasa tihattara jAriNa 6. hamame saMvata 1073 nikalatA hai| nAlha kabIsari sarasiya vAriNa DaoN0 gupta ne eka anya prati ke AdhAra para eka saMvat 1309 aura batAyA hai| unhoMne isa prati ko 'a0 saM0' nAma diyA hai| 'bIsaladeva rAsa' ke racanA kAla ke sambandha meM kaThinAiyoM kA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki vividha upalabdha pAMDulipiyoM meM saMvat viSayaka paMktiyoM meM pATha-bheda hai / pA~ca prakAra ke pATha-bheda Upara batAye gaye haiM / itane saMvatoM meM se vAstavika saMvata kauna-sA hai, ise pAThAlocana ke siddhAnta se bhI nirdhArita nahIM kiyA jA skaa| bahuta bar3e vidvAna pAThAlocaka DaoN0 gupta ne TippaNI meM diye pUrva saMvat ko nahIM liyA zeSa cha: ko lekara kisI nirNaya para na pahu~ca sakane ke kAraNa vyaMgyAtmaka TippaNI dI hai jo paThanIya hai : "caitrAdi aura kArtikAdi, do prakAra ke varSoM ke anusAra ina chaH kI bAraha tithiyA~ bana jAtI haiM aura yadi 'gata' aura 'vartamAn' saMvat liye jAyeM to uparyukta se kula caubIsa tithiyA~ hotI haiM" / DaoN0 gupta ne pATha-bheda kI kaThinAI kA samAdhAna nikAlane kI bajAya tadviSayaka kaThinAiyA~ aura bar3hA ke prastuta kara dI haiM / spaSTa hai ki pAThAlocana ke siddhAnta se kisI eka pATha ko ve prAmANika nahIM mAna sake / kintu yaha bhI saca hai ki kAla-nirdhAraNa meM Ane vAlI kaThinAiyoM kI ora bhI ThIka saMketa kiyA hai : saMvata kA prArambha kahIM trAdi se mAnA jAtA hai to kahIM kArtikAdi me-grataH ThIka-ThIka tithi nirdhAraNa ke samaya isa tathya ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA par3atA hai| dUsare saMvat kA ullekha 'gata' ke liye bhI hotA hai, aura 'vartamAna' ke liye bhI hotA hai : yathArtha tithi nirdhAraNa meM isa tathya ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hotA hai / ata: kAla-nirdhAraNa meM ye bhI yathArtha kaThinAiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI hai| pATha-bhedoM se utpanna kaThinAI ke bAda eka kaThinAI ucita artha viSayaka bhI dikhAI par3atI hai| mAna lIjiye ki eka hI pATha 'bAraha se bahAttarAhA majhAri' hI milatA to For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #291
kAla nirdhAraNa 257 bhI kaThinAI thI ki 'vahottarAhAM' kA artha prAcArya zukla kI bhAMti 1212 kiyA jAe yA 12 mai 72 (1272) kiyA jAya / AcArya zukla ne 1212 ke sAtha tithi ko paMcAMga se puSTa kara liyA hai, kyoMki kavi ne kevala saMvat hI nahIM diyA varan mahInA-jeTha, pakSa vadI (kRSNa pakSa), tithi navamI aura dina budhavAra bhI diyA hai / 1212 ko prAmANika mAnane ke liye yaha vistRta vivaraNa paMcAMga siddha ho to saMvat bhI siddha mAnA jA sakatA thaa| para pATha-bhedoM ke kAraNa yaha siddha saMvat bhI aprAmANika koTi meM pahu~ca gyaa| ataH arthAntara kI kaThinAI paMcAMga ke pramANa se dUra hote-hote, pAThAntara ke jhamele meM nirarthaka ho gii| pATha-doSa kI kaThinAI hastalekhoM meM bahuta milatI hai, yathA--- "saMvat zruti zubha nAgaza zi, kRSNA kArtika mAsa __rAmarasA tithi bhUmi suta vAmara kInha prakAsa' yahA~ TippaNI yaha dI gaI hai ki "zubha ke sthAna para jUga kiye binA koI artha nahIM baiThatA / " ata: 'zubha' pATha-doSa kA pariNAma hai| 'pATha-doSa' ko dUra karane kA vaijJAnika sAdhana, pAThAlocana hI hai, para jahA~ mAtra grantha-vivaraNa liye gaye hoM vahA~ doSa kI ora iMgita kara denA bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAyagA, 'zubha' ke sthAna para 'juga' rakhane kA parAmarza pAThAlocana ke abhAva meM acchA parAmarza mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa kavi kI prakRti bhI 'aMkoM' ko zabdoM meM dene kI haiM : isIliye tithi taka bhI rAma = 3 evaM rasA = | ( = 13 = trayodazI) aMkAnAM vAmato gati: se batAyI hai / ___ pATha-doSa kA yaha rUpa usa sthiti kA dyotaka hai jisameM mUla pATha se prati prastuta karane meM doSa A jAtA hai| 'pATha-doSa' ke liye 'bhrAnta-paThana' mUla kAraNa hotA hai / eka aura udAharaNa terahaveM khoja vivaraNa se diyA jAtA hai kintu lipikAroM ne pratilipi meM aisI bhayaMkara bhUleM kI haiM ki granthArambha kA samaya 'ekAdaza saMvat samaya aura pATha nirAdhAra' ho gayA hai, jisakA artha hogA 11+ 60 = 71 jo nirarthaka hai / pahalA zabda 'ekAdaza' nahIM hai, yaha 'satrahasa' honA cAhiye arthAt 1700 +60 = 1760, jo samApti kAla ke padya se siddha ho jAtA hai : "gaye jo vikrama vIra vitAya / satraha se arU sAThi ginAya" aise hI eka lipikAra ne 'sAThi' kA 'pAThi' karake 52 varSa kA antara kara diyA hai| phira bhI yaha to bahuta hI Azcaryajanaka hai ki do bhinna-bhinna lipikAroM ne 'satraha sai' ko 'ekAdaza' kaise par3ha liyA ? avazya hI yaha doSa usa prati meM rahA hogA, jisase ina donoM ne pratilipa kI hai| athavA, yaha vidita hotA hai ki isa prakAra 'satraha sai' ko 'eka daza' likhane vAle do vyaktiyoM meM se eka ne dUsare se pratilipi kI tabhI eka ke bhrAnta pATha ko dUsare ne bhI 1. 2. yodaza vaivArSika vivaraNa, pR0 28 / vahI, pR0 861 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #292
258/pANDulipi-vijJAna de diyA / eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki mUla kI lekhana-paddhati kucha aisI ho ki 'satraha sai', 'ekAdaza' par3hA gayA / 'sATha kA pATha bhI bhrAnta vAcanA para nirbhara karatA hai| isI prakAra eka pATha meM hai : saulaha se bAlIsa meM saMvata avadhArU caitamAsa zubha pacha puNya navanI bhRguvArU / isameM cAlIsa kA ho 'bAlIsa' ho gayA hai| eka anya pATha se 'cAlIsa' kI puSTi hotI hai / spaSTa hai ki yaha 'bAlIsa' bayAlIsa (42) nahIM hai / / yaha 'pATha-doSa' yA bhrAnta vAcanA kabhI-kabhI itanI vikRta ho sakatI hai ki usakA mUla kalpita kara sakanA itanA sarala nahIM ho sakatA jitanA ki bAlIsa ko cAlIsa rUpa meM zuddha banA lenaa| aisA eka udAharaNa yaha hairI bhava bakra sonANai naMdu juta karI samya (samaya) jAnI, asAr3ha mI sIta suma paMcamI sanI ko vAsara maanii| isa kAla dyotaka padya kA prathama caraNa itanA bhraSTa hai ki isakA mUla rUpa nirdhArita karanA kaThina hI pratIta hotA hai| paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne jo kalpanA se rUpa prastuta kiyA hai vaha unakI vidvatA aura pAMDitya se hI siddha ho sakA hai| unhoMne sujhAva diyA hai ki isakA mUla pAH yaha ho sakatA hai "vidhi bhava vaktra sunAga indujuta karI samaya jAnI" aura isakA artha kiyA hai : vidhi vaktra bhava vaktra nAga 8 iMdu ata: saMvat huaA 1854 hamane yaha dekhA ki puSpikAnoM meM saMvat kA ullekha hotA thA aura yaha saMvat vikrama saMvat thaa| Upara ke sabhI udAharaNa vikrama saMvat ke dyotaka haiM, kintu aise bhI ullekha milate haiM, jaise ye haiM : saMmata satraha se aikAnave hoI egAraha mai sana paitAlisa soI agahana mAsa pacha ajIpArA tIratha tIrodasI sukara saMvArA / isameM 'ajIbArA' kA rUpa to 'ujiyArA' arthAt zukla : ujvala pakSa hai 'tIratha' 1. hastalikhita hindI grandhoM kA aThAraha vArSika vivaraNa, pR.18| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #293
galata chapA hai yaha 'tithi' hai / 'tIrodasI' trayodazI kA rUpa se dRSTavya hai vaha yaha hai ki isameM saMvat 1791 gayA hai / eka puSpikA isa prakAra hai : kAla nirdhAraNa / 259 vikRta rUpa hai / kintu jo vizeSa diyA gayA hai aura san 1145 diyA "sana bAraha se grasI haiM, saMvata deha batAya bona isa se bonatIsa meM so likhi kahe u bujhAya || yahA~ kavi ne san batAyA 1280 aura usakA saMvat bhI batAyA hai : 1929 | saMvat to vikramI hai, san hai phasalI / Upara bhI san se phasalI san hI abhipreta hai / jAyasI ke ulkhoM ko lIjiye / ve 'grAkhirI kalAma' meM likhate haiM "mA avatAra mora nava sadI tIsa barikha kavi Upara badI / " X X X san nava se saiMtAlisa ahai / kathA Arambha baina kavi kahai Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. jAyasI ne san kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha san hai hijarI to spaSTa hai ki hindI racanAoM meM hijarI san kA bhI ullekha hai aura 'phasalI' san kA bhI / bhArata ke abhilekhoM aura granthoM meM do yA tIna saMvat yA san hI hI saMvatoM -sanoM kA ullekha huA hai / isalie unheM apane pracalita IsvI niyamita saMvatoM meM unheM biThAne meM kaThinAI hotI hai / vividha san-saMvat varSa meM likhA gayA thA / lekhoM meM 'vIra saMvat' kA hama yahA~ pahale una saMvatoM kA vivaraNa de rahe haiM jo hameM bhArata meM zilAlekhoM aura abhilekhoM meM mile haiN| yaha hama dekha cuke haiM ki pahale baDalI ke zilAlekha meM 'vIra saMvat' kA upayoga huA / yaha zilAlekha mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa se 84veM isa eka apavAda ko chor3a kara bAda meM zilAlekhoM aura anya upayoga nahIM huA, hA~, jaina granthoM meM isakA upayoga Age calakara huA hai / phira azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM aura Age rAjya-varSa kA ullekha huA hai / niyamita saMvat nahIM Aye, kitane san aura vikramI sabase pahale jo niyamita saMvat prabhilekhoM ke upayoga meM AyA vaha vastutaH 'zaka saMvat' thA / zaka saMvat zaka saMvat apane 500veM varSa taka prAyaH binA 'zaka' zabda ke mAtra 'varSe' yA kabhIkabhI mAtra 'saMvatsare' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA / For Private and Personal Use Only roresai darfie vivaraNa, 10 124 1 jAyasI likhita 'padmAvata' ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM bhI matabheda haiM, pATa-bheda se koI ise 'san nava se satAisa Ahe' mAnate haiM, vidvAnoM meM isakA acchA vivAda rahA hai /

Page #294
260, pANDulipi-vijJAna . zaka 500veM varSa se 1262veM varSa ke bIca isake sAtha 'zaka' zabda lagane lagA, jisakA abhiprAya yaha thA ki 'zakanRpati ke rAjyArohaNa ke samaya se' / zAke zAlivAhane phira cauhadavIM zatAbdI meM zaka ke sAtha zAlivAhana aura jor3A jAne lgaa| 'zAkeNAlivahana-saMvat vahI zaka-saMvat thA, para nAma use zAlivAhana kA aura de diyA gyaa| zaka-saMvat vikrama saMvat se 135 varSa uparAnta arthAt 78 I0 meM sthApita huaa| isa prakAra vikrama saM0 se 135 varSa kA antara zaka-maMvana meM hai aura IsvI san se 78 varSa kaa| pUrvakAlIna zaka-saMvat yaha vidita hotA hai ki zakoM ne apane prathama bhArata-vijaya ke upalakSya meM 71 yA 61 I0 pU0 meM eka saMvat calAyA thaa| ise pUrvakAlIna zaka-saMvat kaha sakate haiN| vima kaDaphisa kA rAjya-kAla isI saMvat ke 19 1veM varSa meM samApta huA thaa| yaha saMvat uttara pazcimI bhArata ke kucha kSetra meM upayoga meM AyA thaa| bAda kA zaka-saMvat pahale dakSiNa meM prArambha huA phira samasta bhArata meM pracalita huaa| jaisA Upara batAyA jA cukA hai yaha 78veM IsvI saMvat meM prArambha huA thA / kuSANa-saMvat (yahI kaniSka saMvat bhI kahalAtA hai) isakI sthApanA samrATa kaniSka ne hI kI thii| vaha saMvat kucha isa taraha likhA jAtA thA --- "mahArAjasya devaputrasya kaNikasya maMvatsare 10 gri 2di 9 / " isakA artha thA ki mahArAjA deva putra kaniSka ke saMvatsara 10 kI grISma Rtu ke dUsare pAkha ke navameM dina yA navamI tithi ko|| kaniSka ne yaha saMvat I0 120 meM calAyA thA / isakA pracalana prAyaH kaniSka ke vaMzajoM meM hI rahA / 100 varSa ke lagabhaga hI yaha pracalita rahA hogaa| isake bAda usI kSetra meM pUrvakAlIna zaka-saMvat kA pracAra ho gayA / kRta, mAlava tathA vikrama saMvat kRta, mAlava tathA vikrama saMvat nAma se jo saMvat calatA hai vaha rAjasthAna aura madhyapradeza meM saMvat 282 se upayoga meM AtA milatA hai / ye nAma to tIna haiM : pahale 'kRta-saMvat' kA upayoga milatA hai, bAda meM ise mAlava kahA jAne lagA aura usake bhI bAda isI ko 'vikrama-saMvat' bhI kahA gyaa| aAja vidvAna isa tathya ko ki kRta, mAlava tathA vikrama saMvat eka saMvat ke hI nAma haiM nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM / ina nAmoM ke kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM : 1. "kRtayoMrdvayovarSa zatayordvaya zItayauM : 200+80+2 caitra pUrNamAsyAm" / / 2. zrI mAlavagaraNAmnAte prazaste kRtasaMjJite / kaSTayadhike prApte samAzata catuSTaye / dine 1. Pandey. R. B.-Indian Palaeography, p. 199. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #295
kAla nirdhAraNa/261 Amboja zuklasya pacamayAmatha satkRte / / isameM kRta ko mAlavagaNa kA saMvat batAyA gayA hai| mAlavakAlAccharadAM SaTatriMzat-saMyute pvatIteSu / navasu zateSu mghaavih|| isameM kevala mAlava-kAla kA ullekha huaA hai / vikama saMvatsara 1103 phAlguna zukla pakSa tRtIyA / isameM kevala 'vikrama saMvat' kA ullekha hai / 1103 ke bAda vikrama nAma kA hI vizeSa pracAra rahA aura prAyaH samasta uttarI bhArata meM yaha saMvat pracalita ho gayA (baMgAla ko chor3a kr)| yaha saMvat 57 I0 pU0 meM prArambha huA thA isameM 135 jor3a dene se zaka-saMvat mila jAtA hai| vikrama saMvat ke sambandha meM ye bAteM dhyAna meM rakhane yogya haiM : 1. uttara meM isa saMvata kA prArambha caitrAdi hai| caitra ke zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se yaha calatA hai| 2. yaha uttara meM pUrgiNamAnta hai-pUrNimA ko samApta mAnA jAtA hai| 3. dakSiNa meM yaha kArtikAdi hai / kArtika ke zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se prArambha hotA hai aura 'amAnta' haiM, amAvasyA ko samApta huyA mAnA jAtA hai / gupta saMvat tathA valabhI saMvat vidvAnoM kA niSkarSa hai ki gupta-saMvat candragupta-prathama dvArA calAyA gayA hogA / isakA prArambha 319 I0 meM huaa| yaha caitrAdi saMvat hai aura caitra ke zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se prArambha hotA hai / isakA ullekha 'gatavarSa' ke rUpa meM hotA hai, jahA~ 'vartamAna' varSa kA ullekha hai, vahA~ eka varSa adhika ginanA hogaa| valabhI (saurASTra) ke rAjAoM ne gupta-saMvat ko hI apanA liyA thA para unhoMne apanI rAjadhAno 'valabhI ke nAma para isa saMvat kA nAma 'gupta' se badala kara 'valabhI' saMvat kara diyA thA, kyoMki valabhI saMvat bhI 319 I0 meM prArambha hugrA, ataH gupta aura valabhI meM koI antara nhiiN| harSa-saMvat yaha saMvat zrI harSa ne calAyA thaa| zrI harSa bhArata kA antima samrATa mAnA jAtA hai| alabarUnI ne batAyA ki eka kAzmIrI paMcAMga ke AdhAra para harSa vikramAditya se 664 varSa bAda huaa| isa dRSTi se harSa-saMvat 599 I0 meM prArambha huaa| harSa-saMvat uttarI bhArata meM hI nahIM nepAla meM bhI calA aura lagabhaga 300 varSa taka calatA rahA / ye kucha saMvat abhilekhoM aura zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM Adi ke AdhAra para prAmakSika haiN| inheM pramukha saMvat kahA jA sakatA hai| inako aitihAsika hastalekhoM ke kAla-nirdhAramA meM sahAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / para, bhArata meM aura kitane hI saMvat pracalita haiM jinakA jJAna honA isaliye bhI 1. vahI, pR. 2001 2. vahI, pR0 2011 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #296
262 / pANDulipi - vijJAna Avazyaka hai ki pAMDulipi - vijJAnArthI ko na jAne kaba kisa san saMvat se sAkSAtkAra ho jAya / saptarSi saMvat laukika-kAla, laukika-saMvat, zAstra-saMvat, pahAr3I-saMvat yA kaccA - saMvat / ye saptarSi-saMvat ke hI vividha nAma haiM : ise saptarSi - paMjAba meM bhI thA / AdhAra para kahA gayA hai / ye isa saptarSi - saMvat kAzmIra meM pracalita rahA hai / pahale saMvat saptarSi (sAtoM tAroM ke vikhyAta maMDala) kI cAla ke saptarSi 27 nakSatroM meM se pratyeka para 100 varSa rukate haiM / prakAra 2700 varSoM meM ye eka cakra pUrA karate haiM / yaha cakra kAlpanika hI batAyA gayA hai / phira nayA cakra Arambha karate haiM / isa saMvat ko likhate samaya 100 varSa pUre hone para zatAbdI kA aMka chor3a dete haiM, phira 1 se Arambha kara dete haiN| isa saMvat kA Arambha caitra zukla pratipadA se hotA hai aura isake mahIne pUrNimAMta hote haiM, ThIka vaise hI jaise ki uttarI bhArata meM vikrama saMvat ke hote haiM / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isakA anya saMvatoM se sambandha isa prakAra hai : zaka se - zatAbdI ke aMka rahita saptarSi-saMvat meM 46 jor3ane se zatAbdI ke aMkarahita zaka (gata ) saMvat milatA hai| 81 jor3ane se caitrAdi vikrama (gata ), 25 jor3ane se kaliyuga (gata ), aura 24 yA 25 jor3ane se I0 saM0 AtA hai / kaliyuga - saMvat' bhArata-yuddha - saMvat evaM yudhiSThara saMvat bhI yahI hai : yaha sAmAnyataH jyotiSa granthoM meM likhA jAtA hai, para kabha-kabhI zilAlekhoM para bhI milatA hai / buddha-nirvANa savat isakA prArambha I0pU0 3102 se mAnA jAtA hai / caitrAdi gata vikrama saMvat meM 3044 jor3ane se, gata zaka saMvat meM 3179 jor3ane se, aura IsavI san ye 3101 jor3ane se gata kaviyuga saMvat grAtA hai / J. buddha - nirvANa ke varSa para bahuta matabheda haiN| paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda zrabhAjI 487 I0pU0 meM adhika sambhava mAnate haiM / ataH buddha-nirvAraNa saMvat kA prArambha 487 I0pU0 se mAnA jA sakatA hai / buddha-nirvANa-saMvat kA ullekha karane vAle zilAlekhAdi saMkhyA meM bahuta kama mile haiN| bArhaspatya-saMvatsara ye do prakAra ke milate haiM eka 12 varSa kA dUsarA 60 varSa kA / kaliyuga - saMvat bhArata-yuddha kI samApti kA dyotaka hai aura yudhiSThira ke rAjyArohaNa kA bhI / ataH ise bhArata yuddha - savat evaM yudhiSThira saMvat kahate haiM / kaliyuga nAma se yaha na samajhanA cAhiye ki isI saMvat se kali Arambha huA / kaliyuga kucha varSa pUrva Arambha ho cukA thA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #297
kAla nirdhAraNa 263 bAraha varSa kA IsavI san kI sAtavIM zatAbdI se pUrva isa saMvat kA ullekha milatA hai| bRhaspati kI gati ke AdhAra para isakA 12 varSa kA cakra calatA hai| isake varSa mahInoM ke nAma caMtra, vaizAkhAdi para hI hote haiM para bahudhA unake pahale 'mahA' zabda lagA diyA jAtA hai, jaise--mahAcaitra, mahAphAlguna Adi / asta hone ke uparAnta jisa rAzi para bRhaspati kA udaya hotA hai, usa rAzi yA nakSatra para hI usa varSa kA mAma 'mahA' lagA kara batAyA jAtA hai| sATha (60) varSa kA dUsarA saMvatsara 60 varSa ke cakra kA hai| bRhaspati eka rAzi para eka varSa ke 361 dina, 2 ghar3I aura 5 pala ThaharatA hai / isake 60 varSoM meM se pratyeka ko eka vizeSa nAma diyA jAtA hai| ina sATha varSoM ke ye nAma haiM : 1. pUbhava, 2. vibhava, 3. zukla, 4. pramoda, 5. prajApati, 6. aMgirA, 7. zrImukha, 8. bhAva, 9. yuvA, 10. dhAtA, 11. Izvara, 12. bahudhAya, 13. prabhAyI, 14. vikrama, 15. vRSa. 16. citrabhAnu, 17. subhAnu, 18. tAraga, 19. pAthiva, 20. vyaya, 21. sarvajita, 22. sarvadhArI, 23. virodhI, 24. vikRti, 25. khara, 26. nandana, 27. vijaya, 28. jaya, 29. manmatha, 30. durbhukha, 31. hemalava, 32. vilaMbI, 3... vikArI, 31. zArvarI, 35. plava, 36. zubhakRta, 37. zobhana, 38. krodhI, 39. vizvAvasu, 40. parAbhava, 41. plavana, 42. kIlaka, 4.2. saumya, 44. sAdhAraNa, 5. virodhakRta, 46. paridhAvI, 47. prabhAdI, 48. prAnanda, 49. rAkSasa, 50. anala, 51. piMgala, 52. kAlayukta, 53. siddhArthI, 54. raudra, 55. durmati, 56. duMdubhI, 57. rudhirodgArI, 58. raktAkSa, 59. krodhana aura 60. kSaya / / isa saMvatsara kA upayoga dakSiNa meM hI adhika huA hai uttarI bhArata meM bahuta kama / bArhaspatya-saMvat kA nAma nikAlane kI vidhi vArAhamihira ne yoM batAyI hai jisa zaka saMvat kA vArhaspatya varSa nAma mAlUma karanA iSTa ho usakA gata zaka saMvat lekara usako 11 se guriNata karo, guNanaphala ko caugunA karo, usameM 8589 jor3a do jo jor3a pAye usameM 3750 se bhAga do, bhajanaphala ko iSTa gata zaka saMvat meM jor3a do jo jor3a mile usameM 60 kA bhAga do, bhAga dene ke bAda jo zeSa rahe usa saMkhyA ko yaha ukta prabhavAdi sUcI meM jo nAma kramAt pAye vahI usa iSTa gata zaka saMvat kA bArhaspatya-varSa kA nAma hogaa| dakSiNa bArhaspatya-saMvatsara kA nAma yoM nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki 38 gata zaka saMvat meM 12 jor3oM aura yogaphala meM 60 kA bhAga do-jo zeSa bace usa saMkhyA kA varSa nAma abhISTa varSa nAma hai yA iSTa gata kaliyuga-saMvat meM usa niyamAnusAra pahale 12 jor3o, phira 60 kA bhAga do-jo zeSa bace usI saMkhyA kA prabhavAdi krama se nAma bArhaspatya-varSa kA abhISTa nAma hogaa| graha parivRtti-saMvatsara yaha bhI 'cakra prAzrita' maMvat hai| isameM 90 varSa kA cakra rahatA hai / 90 varSa pUre hone para punaH 1 se prArambha hotA hai / isameM bhI zatAbdiyoM kI saMkhyA nahIM dI jAtI, kevala varSa saMkhyA hI rahatI hai, isakA prArambha I0 pUrva 24 se huA mAnA jAtA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #298
264/pAMDulipi-vijJAna isa saMvat ko nikAlane kI vidhi-.. 1. vartamAna kaliyuga saMvat meM 72 jor3a kara 90 kA bhAga dene para jo zeSa rahe vaha saMkhyA hI isa saMvatsara kA vartamAna varSa hogaa| 2. vartamAna zaka saMvat meM 11 jor3akara 90 kA bhAga dIjiye / jo zeSa bace usI saMkhyA vAlA isa saMvatmara kA vartamAna varSa hogaa| hijarI san yaha san musalamAnoM meM calane vAlA san hai / musalamAnoM ke bhArata meM Ane para yaha bhArata meM bhI calane lgaa| __isakA prArambha 15 julAI 622 I0 tathA saMvat 679 zrAvaNa zuklA 2, vikramI kI zAma se mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki isI dina paigambara muhammada sAhaba ne makkA chor3A thA, isa chor3ane ko hI arabI meM 'hijaraha' kahA jAtA hai| isakI smRti kA san huA hijarI san / isa san kI pratyeka tArIkha sAyaMkAla se prArambha hokara dUsare dina sAMyakAla taka calatI hai| pratyeka mahIne ke 'candra darzana' se mahIne kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai, ataH yaha candra varSa hai| ___ isake 12 mahinoM ke nAma ye haiM : 1-muharrama, 2-saphara, 3-ravI ula avvala, 4ravI ula Akhira yA ravI ussAnI, 5-jamAdi ula avvala, 6-jamAdiula Akhira yA jamAdi ussAnI, 7-rajaba, 8-zAbAna, 9-ramajAna, 10-zavvAla, 11-jilkAda aura 12jilahijja / ma0 bha0 aojhA jI ne batAyA hai ki 100 saura varSoM meM 3 candra varSa 24 dina aura 9 ghar3I bar3ha jAtI haiM / aisI dazA meM IsavI san (yA vikrama saMvat) aura hijarI san kA paraspara koI nizcita antara nahIM rahatA, vaha badalatA rahatA hai| usakA nizcaya gaNita se hI hotA hai| 'zAhUra' san 'sUra' san yA 'arabI san isakA prArambha 15 maI, 1344 I0 tadnusAra jyeSTha zukla 2,1401 vikramI se jabaki sUrya bhRgazira nakSatra para AyA thA, 1 muharrama hijarI san 745 se huA thA, isake mahInoM ke nAma hijarI san ke mahInoM ke nAma para hI haiM / para, isakA varSa saura varSa hotA hai, hijarI kI taraha candra nhiiN| jisa dina sUrya mRgazira nakSatra para AtA hai, 'mRgeravi'; usI dina se isakA nayA varSa prArambha hotA hai, ataH ise 'mRga-sAla' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa san meM 599-600 milAne se IsavI san milatA hai aura 656-657 jor3ane se se vikrama saMvat milatA hai / isa san ke varSa aMkoM kI bajAya aMka dyotaka arabI zabdoM meM likhe jAte haiM / yaha san marAThI meM kAma meM lAyA jAtA thaa| marAThI meM aMkoM ke dyotaka arabI zabdoM meM kucha vikAra avazya pA gayA hai, jo bhASA-vaijJAnika-prakriyA meM svAbhAvika hai| nIce aMkoM meM liye arabI zabda diye jA rahe haiM aura koSThaka meM marAThI rUpa / yaha marAThI rUpa aojhAjI ne molesevartha ke marAThI aMgrejI koza me diye haiM : 1--ahad (ahade, ihade) 2-annA (isanne) 3-salAlaha (sallIsa) -akhA .... 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, . 190 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #299
5- dummA (khammasa) 6 - sitta ( sina 5 = sitta) 7- savA (sabbA) 8- samAniyA ( sammAna) 9 - tasA ( tissA) 10- azara 11- ahad azara 12- astA ( isane ) azara 13 - salAsaha (sallAsa ) azara 14- zrarabA azara 20- prazarIn 30- salAsIna (sallAsIna) 40- arabaIn 50 - khamsIn 60 - sittIna ( sittana) 70 - savIn (sabbaina) 80 - samAnIna ( sammAnIna) 90 - tisaIna ( tissana) 100 - mAyA (mayA ) 200 - matIna (mayAtana) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAla nirdhAraNa / 265 300 - salAsa mAyA (sallAsa mAyA) 400 arabA mAyA 1000 - laph (alapha ) 10000 - azara alaph ina aMka-sUcaka zabdoM meM san likhane se pahile zabda se ikAI, dUsare se dahAI, tIsare se saiMkar3A aura cauthe se hajAra batalAye jAte haiM jaise ki 1313 ke lie 'salAso zro salAsa mAyA va alapha '1 likhA jAyegA / phasalI san yaha san akabara ne calAyA / phasalI zabda se hI vidita hotA hai ki isakA 'phasala' se sambandha hai / 'rabI' zraura 'kharIpha' phasaloM kA hAsila nirdhArita mahInoM meM mila sake isake liye ise hijarI san 971 meM akabara ne prArambha kiyA / hijarI 971 vi0 saM0 1620 meM aura IsvI 1563 meM pdd'aa| isa phasalI san meM varSa to hijarI ke rakhe gaye para varSa saura (cAMdrasaura) varSa ke barAbara kara diyA gyaa| mahIne bhI saura ( yA candrasaura) bhAna ke mAne gaye / For Private and Personal Use Only yaha san aba taka bhI kucha na kucha pracalita hai, para alaga-alaga kSetra meM isakA Arambha alaga-alaga mAnA jAtA hai, yathA : 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA. pR0 191 /

Page #300
266/pANDulipi-vijJAna Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 6 For Private and Personal Use Only paMjAba, uttara pradeza tathA baMgAla meM isakA Arambha Azvina, kRSNA 1 (pUrNimAnta) se, ataH isa sana meM 592-93 jor3ane se IsavI san aura 649-50 jor3ane se vikrama saM0 mila jAtA hai| dakSiNa meM yaha saMvat kucha bAda meM pracalita huA / isase uttarI aura dakSiNI phasalI 'sanoM' meM savA do varSa kA antara ho gayA--dakSiNa ke phasalI san se vikrama saMvat jAnane ke liye usameM 647-48 jor3ane hoMge aura IsavI sana ke liye 590-91 jor3ane hoMge : saMvatoM kA sambandha san pracalita prArambha mAsa aura varSa saura vikrama saM0 IsavI san nikAlanA nikAlanA 1 5 vilAyatI san ur3IsA tathA baMgAla saura Azvina arthAt kanyA saMkrAti / mAsakrama caitrAdi 649-50 592-93 ke kucha bhAgoM meM jisa dina saMkrAnti kA praveza usI jor3ane se jor3ane se dina pahalA dina amalI san ur3IsA ke vyApA- bhAdrapada zuklA 12 se riyoM meM evaM kaca hariyoM meM baMgAlI san yA baMgAla meM saura baizAkha, meSa saMkrAnti se mahIne saura (mataH pAkha, eva tithi nahIM) 650-51 593-94 baMgAlAbda baMgIbda saMkrAnti praveza ke dUsare dina se jor3ane se jor3ane se ciTagA~va meM ___ baMgAlI san se 45 varSa pIche 595-96 638-39 jor3ane se jor3ane se ilAhI san akabara ne hijarI akabara ke rAjyArohaNa kI tithi 2 IrAnI : IrAnI mahInoM ke anusAra isa 1912 1555--56 san ke sthAna para rabI ussAnI hijarI 963 se 25 san ke mahInoM ke nAma 1-pharavara- jor3ane se jor3ane se pracalita kiyA dina pIche IrAnI varSa ke pahile mahIna dIna 2-udivahizta, 3-khurdAda, 4-tIra,

Page #301
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 56 For Private and Personal Use Only pharavaradIna ke pahale dina se, tadnusAra 5-amaradAda, 6-zaharevara, 7-mehara, 11 mArca 1556 I0 caitra kRSNA 8-AvA~ (mAbAn), 9--prAz2ara (prAdara), amAvasa saM0 1612 se / 10-de, 11-bahamana, 12--asphadipAramad IrArI san ke anusAra dinoM ke aMka nahIM hote zabdoM meM unake nAma diye jAte haiM / saMkhyA krama se nAma ye haiM : 1-ahurmajda, 2-bahamana, 3-3 5-spaMdAramad, 6-khurdAda, 7-muradAda (amaradAda), 8-depAhara, 9-prAjara (prAdara), 10-AvA~ (AvAn), 11khurazed, 12-mAha (mhora), 13-tIra, 14-goza, 15-depamehara, 16-mehara, 17-saroza, 18-raznaha, 19-pharavaradIna, 20-beharAma, 21-rAma, 22--govAda, 23-depadIna, 24--dIna, 25-arda (prAzIzvaMga) : AstAd, 27-prAsmAn, 28jamizrAda, 29--meharespaMda, 30-anerA, 31-roja, 32-zava / inameM se 30 to IrAniyoM ke dinoM (tArIkhoM) ke hI haiM aura antima do naye rakhe gaye haiM 11 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR. 193 / www.kobatirth.org kAla nirdhAraNa/267 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

Page #302
- - - Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 5 ime- - 268/pANDulipi-vijJAna For Private and Personal Use Only 6 kalacurI saMvat 1. kisane calAyA 26 agasta 249 I0 tadnusAra 305-6 248-49 yA yerisaMvat ajJAta ! Azvina zukla 1, saM0 306 se jor3ane se jor3ane se kuTaka 2. dakSiNa gujarAta Arambha gata caitrAdi kokaNa, madhya vikrama saM0 pradeza ke zilA lekhoM meN| 3. cAlukya, gurjara, sadraka, kalacurI, kUTaka vaMza ke rAjAoM ke haiM / I. san 1207 ke bAda isakA pracalana banda / bhATika (bhaTTIka) jaisalamera / bhATI rAjAoM ke pUrvaja bhaTTika 680-81 623-24 saMvat dvaaraa| jor3ane se jor3ane se kollama (kolamba) malAbAra se kanyA- uttarI malAbAra meM kanyA saMkrAMti varSa saura mahinoM ke nAma saMkrAMti nAma 824-25 yA parazurAma kamArI evaM pina- saura Azvina se prArambha / dakSiNI se yA caitrAdi nAma se vartamAna saMvata jor3ane se saMvat vailli malAbAra meM siMha-saMkrAnti saura bhAdrapada se| nevAra (nepAla) nepAla meM pracalita 20 akTUbara 879 I. tadnusAra gata nepAla saM. gata meM saMvat kArtika zu. 1936 vi. saM. meM 935-36 878-79 (caitrAdi) se jor3ane se jor3ane se

Page #303
kAla nirdhAraNa 269 saMvatoM aura sanoM kA yaha vivaraNa saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai| hastalekhoM meM vividha maMvatoM aura sanoM kA upayoga milatA hai| una saMvatoM ke parijJAna se aitihAsika kAlakrama meM unheM biThAne meM sahAyatA milatI hai, isase kAla-nirNaya kI samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI eka mImA taka hotA hai| isa parijJAna kI itihAsakAra ko to AvazyakatA hai hI, pAMDulipivijJAnArthI ke liye bhI hai, aura kucha usase adhika hI hai, kyoMki yaha parijJAna pAMDulipivijJAnArthI kI prArambhika AvazyakatA hai, jabaki itihAsakAra ke liye bhI sAmagrI pradAna karane vAlA yaha vijJAnArthI hI hai| san-saMvat ko nirapekSa kAlakrama (Absolute chronology) mAnA jAtA hai, phira pratyeka sana yA saMvata apane grApa meM eka alaga ikAI kI taraha rAjya-kAla-gaNanA kI taraha kAla-krama ko ThIka viThAne meM apane Apa meM sakSama nahIM hai / azoka ke rAjyArohaNa ke pAThaveM yA bArahaveM varSa kA aitihAsika kAlakrama meM kyA mahattva yA artha hai| mAna lIjiye azoka koI rAjA 'ka' hai, jisake sambandha meM hameM yaha jJAta hI nahIM ki vaha kaba gaddI para baiThA / isa 'ka' ke rAjya varSa kA ThIka aitihAsika kAla-nirdhAraNa tabhI sambhava hai jaba hameM kisI prakAra kI apanI paricita kAla-krama kI zRMkhalA, jaise I0 san yA vi0 saM0 meM 'ka' ke rAjyArohaNa kA varSa vidita ho, ataH kisI anya sAdhana se azoka kA aitihAsika kAla-nirdhAraNa karanA hogA / jaisA ki hama pahale dekha nuke haiM, azoka ne terahaveM zilAlekha meM samasAmayika kucha videzI rAjAoM ke nAma liye haiM jaise-yUnAnI rAjA AMtiprokasa dvitIya kA ullekha hai aura uttarI aphrIkA ke zAsaka dvitIya TAlemI kA bhI hai| TAlemI kA zAsana-kAla I0 pU0 288-47 thA / DaoN. vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne batAyA hai ki 'isa tithi 282 meM se 12 varSa (abhiSeka ke 8veM varSa meM terahavA~ lekha khodA gayA tathA azoka apane abhiSeka se cAra varSa pUrva siMhAsanArUr3ha huyA thA) ghaTA dene meM I0pU0 270 varSa azoka ke zAsaka hone kI tithi nizcita ho jAtI hai| ataH azoka 'ka' ke samakAlIna 'kha', 'ga' kI nirdhArita tithi ke AdhAra para 'ka' ke rAjyArohaNa kI tithi nirdhArita kI jA skii| isI prakAra vividha saMvatoM meM bhI paraspara ke sambandha kA sUtra jahA~ upalabdha ho jAyagA vahA~ eka ko dUsare meM pariNA karake paricita yA khyAta kAlakrama-zRMkhalA baiThAkara sArthaka kAla-nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| yathA 'lakSmaNasena saMvat' ke nirdhAraNa meM aise ullekhoM meM sahAyatA milatI hai jaise 'smRti tatvAmRta' tathA 'narapatijaya cayAM TIkA' nAmaka hastalikhita granthoM meM mile haiM / pahalI meM puSpikA meM la0 saM0 505 zAke 1546' aura dUsarI meM 'zAke 1536 la' upAdhyAya, vAsudeva (DaoN.) prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR. 210 sI. ema. Dapha ne 'da kronolAjI Apa iMDiyana hisTrI' meM isa sambandha meM yoM likhA hai :-Among hi, Contemporaries were Antioth:s ll of Syria (B. C. 260-247), Ptolemy PhiladeIphos (285-247), Antigonos gonatos of Makedomia (278-242), Magas of kyrene (d. 258), and Alexander of eperios (between 262 and 258), who have been identified with the kings mentioned in his thirteenth edict, Senart has come to somewhat different conclusions regarding Asoka's initial date Faking the synchronism of the greek kings as the basis of his calculation, he fixes. Asoka's accession in B.C. 273 and His coronation in 269.. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #304
270/pANDulipi-vijJAna saM0 494 likhA hai / lakSmaNasena ke eka saMvat ke samakAlIna samakakSa dUsare zaka-saMvat kA ullekha hai| isase donoM kA antara vidita ho jAtA hai aura hama jAna jAte haiM ki yadi lakSmaNasena saMvat meM 1041 jor3a diye jAyeM to zaka saMvat mila jaayegaa| zaka saMvata se anya saMvatoM aura san ke varSa jJAta ho skeNge| phalataH kisI anya saMvat se sambandha hotA hai, to kAla-cakra meM yathAsthAna biThAne meM sahAyatA milatI hai| ___ kucha aise san yA saMvat bhI haiM, jinase kisI ajJAta saMvat kA sambandha jJAta ho jAya taba bhI kAla-krama meM ThIka sthAna jAnanA kaThina rahatA hai aura isake liye vizeSa gariNata kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / jaise hijarI san se saMvat vidita bhI ho jAya taba bhI gaNita kI vizeSa sahAyatA lenI par3atI hai kyoMki isake mahIne aura varSoM kA mAna badalatA rahatA hai kyoMki yaha zuddha cAndra-varSa hai| paMcAMgoM meM yadi isa saMvat kA bhI ullekha ho to usakI sahAyatA se bhI isako kAla-krama meM ThIka sthAna yA kAla jAnA jA sakatA hai| saMvat-kAla jAnanA bhArata meM kAla-saMketa viSayaka kucha bAteM Upara batAyI jA cukI haiN| aba taka hama dekha cuke haiM ki pahale rAjyavarSa kA ullekha aura usa varSa kA vivaraNa akSaroM meM diyA gayA, bAda meM akSaroM aura aMkoM donoM meM, aura phira aMkoM meM hii| bAda meM RtuoM ke bhI ullekha hue-grISma, varSA aura hemanta, ye tIna Rtue~ batAyI gaI, unake pAsa (pakSa) aura unake dina bhI diye gaye / Age mahInoM kA ullekha bhI huaa| rAjya-varSa se bhinna eka saMvat kA aura ullekha kiyA jAne lgaa| niyamita saMvat ke pracAra se rAjya-varSa ke ullekha kI prathA dhIre-dhIre uTha gaI, saMvat ke sAtha mahIne, zukla yA kRSNa pakSa, tithi aura bAra yA dina ko bhI batAyA jAne lgaa| itane vistRta vivaraNa ke sAtha aura bhI bAteM dI jAne lagIM-jaise-zazi, saMkrAnti, nakSatra, yoga, karaNa, lagna, muhUrta Adi / isa sambandha meM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki bhArata meM do prakAra ke varSa calate haiM saura yA cAndra / varSa kA prArambha kArtikAdi, caitrAdi hI nahIM hotA ASAr3hAdi aura zrAvaNAdi bhI hotA hai| saura varSa rAziyoM ke anusAra bAraha mahInoM meM vibhAjita hotA hai, kyoMki eka rAzi para sUrya eka mahIne rahatA hai, taba dUsarI rAzi meM saMkramaNa karatA hai, isaliye vaha dina saMkrAnti kahalAtA hai, jisa rAzi meM praveza karatA hai usI kI saMkrAnti mAnI jAtI hai, usI dina se sUrya kA nayA mahInA Arambha hotA hai| bAraha rAziyA~ isa prakAra haiM : ___1. meSa meSa rAzi se saura varSa prArambha hotA hai, yaha meSa rAzi kA mahInA baMgAla meM baizAkha aura tamilabhASI kSetra meM caitra (yA cittiraha) kahalAtA hai] | 2. vRSa, 3. mithuna, 4. karka, 5. siMha, 6. kanyA, 7. tulA, 8. vRzcika, 9. dhanuSa, 10. makara, 11. kumbha tathA 12. mIna / meSa se mIna taka sUrya kI rAzi-yAtrA bhI prArambha se anta taka eka varSa meM hotI hai| paMjAba tathA tamilabhASI kSetroM meM saura mAha kA prArambha usI dina se mAnA jAtA hai jisa dina saMkrAnti hotI hai, para baMgAla meM saMkrAnti ke dUsare dina se mahIne For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #305
kAla nirdhAraNa/271 kA prArambha hotA hai / saura mAha rAziyoM ke nAma se hotA hai / saura mAha meM tithiyA~ 1 se calakara mahIne ke antima dina taka kI ginatI meM vyakta kI jAtI haiM / saura mAha, 29, 30, 31 yA 32 dina kA hotA hai, ataH isakI tithiyA~ eka se calakara 29, 30, 31, 32 taka calI jAtI haiN| cAndra varSa meM aisA nahIM hotaa| usameM mahInA pahale do pAkhoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai / kRSNapakSa aura zukla pakSa badI yA sudI ye do pAkha prAyaH 15+15 tithiyoM ke hote haiN| ye pratipadA se amAvasa hokara dvitIyA (dauja), tRtIyA (tIja), caturthI (cautha), paMcamI (pA~ca), SaSThI (chaTha), saptamI (sAteM), aSTamI (AThe), navamI (naumI), dazamI (dasamI), ekAdazI (gyArasa), dvAdazI (bArasa), trayodazI (terasa), caturdazI (caudasa), pUrNimA (15) aura amAvasyA (30) taka calatI hai| ye sabhI tithiyA~ kahalAtI haiM aura 15 taka kI ginatI meM hotI haiN| uttarI bhArata meM cAndravarSa kA mAsa pUNimAnta mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki pUrNimA ko samApta hotA hai aura kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA se prArambha hotA hai / narmadA ke dakSiNa ke kSetra meM cAndravarSa kA mahInA amAnta hotA hai aura zukla pakSa (sudI) kI pratipadA se prArambha hotA hai| cAndravarSa ke mahIne una nakSatroM ke nAma para rakhe gaye haiM jina para candramA pUrNakalAoM me yukta hotA hai, yAnI pUrNimA ke dina se nakSatra aura mahinoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. citrA-caMtra (caita) 2. vizAkhA-vaizAkha (vaisAkha) 3. jyeSThA-jyeSTha (jeTha) / 4. aSAr3hA-ASAr3ha (prasAr3ha) 5. zravaNa-zrAvaNa (sAvana) 6. bhadrA-bhAdrapada (bhAdoM) 7. azvinI-Azvina (yA Azvayuja) = (kvAra) 8. kRtikA-kArtika (kAtika) 9. mRgazirA-mArgazIrya (AgrahAyana-agahana) ('agrahAyana' sabase Age kA 'ayana'--yaha nAma sambhavataH isaliye par3A ki bahuta prAcIna kAla meM varSa kA prArambha caitra se na hokara 'mArga zIrSa' se hotA thA-ataH yaha sabase pahalA yA agalA mahinA thA / ) 10. puSya-pauSa (pUsa yA phUsa) 11. maghA-mAgha 12. phAlgu-phAlguNa kAla-saMketoM meM kabhI-kabhI 'yogoM' kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| 'yoga' sUrya aura candramA kI gati kI jyotiSkIya saMgati ko kahA jAtA hai| aise yoga jyotiSa ke anusAra 27 hote haiN| inheM bhI nAma diyA gayA hai| ataH nAma se 27 yoga ye haiM---1. viSkaMbha, 2. prIti, 3. AyuSmata, 4. saubhAgya, 5. zomana, 6. atigaMDa 7. sukarmana, 8. dhRti, 9. zUla, 10. gaNDa, 11. vRddhi, 12. dhra va, 13. vyAdhAta, 14. harSaNa, 15. bajra, 16. siddhi yA astraja, 17. vyatIpAta, 18. varIyasa, 19. paridhi, 20. ziva, 21. siddha, 22. sAdhya, 23. zubha, 24. zukla, 25. brahvan, 26. aindra tathA 27. vaighati / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #306
272 /pANDulipi-vijJAna 'yoga' kI bhA~ti hI 'karaNa' kA bhI ullekha hotA hai| karaNa tithi ke ardhAza ko kahate haiM, aura inake bhI viziSTa nAma rakhe gaye haiM : pahale sAta karaNa hote haiM jinake nAma haiM : 1. bava, 2. bAlava, 3. kaulava, 4. taitila, 5. gada, 6. variNaja evaM 7. viSTi (bhAMdra yA klyaann)| ye sAta cakra ke rUpa meM ATha bAra prayoga meM Ate haiM aura isa prakAra 56 arddha tithiyoM kA kAma dete haiM / ye 56 arddha tithiyA~ sudI pratipadA se lekara badI 14 (caudasa) taka pUrI hotI haiN| aba cAra arddha tithiyA~ zeSa rahatI haiM, badI kA caudasa se sudI pratipadA taka kI-ina karaNoM ke nAma haiM : 8. zakuni, 9. catuSpada, 10. kintughna aura 11. nAga / kAla saMketoM meM kabhI-kabhI karaNa kA nAma bhI pA jAtA hai, jaise 1210 vikramI ke ajamera ke zilAlekha meM / bhAratIya kAlagaNanA ke AdhAra sIdhe aura sapATa na hokara jaTila haiN| isase kAlanirNaya meM aneka ar3acaneM par3atI haiM : pahale, to yaha jAnanA hI kaThina hotA hai ki vaha saMvat kArtikAdi, caitrAdi, ASAr3hAdi yA zrAvaNAdi hai, dUsare--prAbhAnta hai yA pUNimAnta hai| phira, tIsare-ye varSa kabhI vartamAna (yA pravartamAna) rUpa meM kabhI gata vigata yA pratIta rUpa meM likhe jAte haiN| inakI aura pahale 'vIsaladeva rAso' ke kAla-nirNaya ke sambandha meM DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta kA uddharaNa dekara dhyAna AkarSita kara diyA jA cukA hai| ina sabase bar3hakara kaThinAI hotI hai isa tathya se ki tithi likhate samaya lekhaka se gaNanA meM bhI bhUla ho jAtI hai / yaha truTi usa gaNaka yA jyotiSI ke dvArA kI jA sakatI hai jo lekha likhane vAle ko batAtA hai| usakA gaNika kA jJAna yA jyotiSa kA jJAna sadoSa ho sakatA hai| patroM yA paMcAMgoM meM bhI doSa pAye jAte haiN| Aja bhI kabhI-kabhI vArANasI aura ujjana paMcAMgoM meM tithi ke prArambha meM hI antara milatA hai, jisase vivAda khar3e ho jAte haiM aura yaha vivAda patroM (paMcAMgoM) meM bhI prakaTa ho uThatA hai| jaba Aja bhI yaha maulika truTi ho sakatI hai, taba pUrva-kAla meM to aura bhI adhika sambhava thii| gAMvoM, nagaroM kI bAta chor3iye kabhI-kabhI to rAjadarabAroM meM bhI ayogya jyotiSiyoM ke hone kA aitihAsika ullekha milatA hai / kalacuri 'ratnadeva dvitIya' ke san 1128 I0 ke so lekha se yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki darabAra meM jyotiSiyoM se ThIka gaNita hI nahIM hotI thI aura ve 'grahaNa' kA samaya ThIka nirdhArita nahIM kara pAte the / taba padmanAbha nAma ke jyotiSI ne bIja-saMskAra kiyA' jisase tithiyoM kA ThIka nirdhAraNa ho skaa| rAjA ne padmanAbha ko puraskRta kiyA, ataH jyotiSiyoM se bhI bhUla ho sakatI hai / aisI dazA meM kAla saMketa sadoSa ho jaayeNge| ___isase kisI lekha yA abhilekha kA kAla-nirdhAraNa kaThina ho jAtA hai aura yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki diye hue kAla-saMketa ko parIkSA ke uparAnta hI sahI mAnA jAya / jaisA Upara batAyA jA cukA hai vividha jyotiSa kendroM ke bane paMcAMgoM aura patroM meM alagaalaga prakAra se gaNanA hone ke kAraNa tithiyoM kA mAna alaga-alaga ho jAtA hai / isase dI huI tithi kI parIkSA se bhI santoSa nahIM ho pAtA, vaha tithi eka paMcAMga se ThIka aura dUsare se, galata siddha hotI hai| isase parIkSaka ko vividha paMcAMgoM kI bhinnatA meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #307
kAla nirdhAraNa/ 273 saMgata tithi ke anusandhAna ke AdhAra kA nirNaya karane yA karAne kI yogyatA bhI honI cAhiye / vaise Adhunika jyotiSI ela0 DI0 svAmIkannupille kI 'iNDiyana aiphimerIja' se bhI sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai / zabda meM kAla-saMkhyA ___ yaha bhI hama pahale dekha cuke haiM ki bhArata meM zabdoM meM aMkoM ko likhane kI praNAlI rahI hai / isa praNAlI se bhI kAla-nirNaya meM kaThinAiyA~ khar3I ho jAtI haiN| yaha kaThinAI taba paidA hotI hai jaba jo zabda aMka ke lie diyA gayA hai usase do-do saMkhyAe~ prApta hotI haiM : jaise sAgara yA samudra se do saMkhyAe~ milatI haiM, 4 bhI aura 7 bhii| eka to kaThinAI yahI hai ki sAgara zabda se 4 kA aMka liyA jAya yA 7 kA / para kabhI kavi donoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, jaise---- 'aSTa-sAgara-payonidhi-candra' yaha jagadurlabha kI kRti uddhava camatkAra kA racanA-kAla hai| isameM 'sAgara' bhI hai aura isI kA paryAya 'payonidhi' hai / kyA donoM sthAnoM ke aMka 4-4 samajhe jAyeM, yA 7-7 mAne jAyeM yA kisI eka kA 4 aura dUsare kA 7, isa prakAra itane saMvat bana sakate haiM : 1448 1778 1748 1478 'netra sama yuga candra' se hogA 1 + 2 = yuga, = 3, puna: 3 (netr)| isameM yuga ko '4' bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura netra ko '2' bhii| __ vastutaH aise do yA tIna aMka batalAne vAle zabdoM meM vyakta saMvat ko ThIka-ThIka nikAlane meM alaMdhya kaThinAI bhI ho sakatI hai| tabhI ukta sandarbha se DI0 sI0 sarakAra ne yaha TippaNI kI hai "Indeed it would have been difficult to determine the date of the composition of the work, inspite of the years in both the eras being quoted". ukta pustaka meM ye saMvat aMkoM meM bhI sAtha-sAtha diye gaye hai, ataH kaThinAI hala ho jAtI hai| kintu yadi aMkoM meM saMvat na hotA to use tithi aura dina aura pakSa (zukla yA kRSNa) tathA mahIne ke sAtha paMcAMgoM meM yA 'iNDiyana ephImerIja' se nikAlA jA sakatA thaa| aMka jaba zabdoM meM diye jAte haiM, yA anyathA bhI, bhAratIya lekhana meM, 'aMkAnA vAmato gatiH' kI praNAlI apanAyI jAtI rahI hai arthAt aMka ulaTe likhe jAte haiM, mAno likhanA hai '1233' to 3 3 2 1' likhA jAegA aura zabdoM meM 'netra rAma pakSa candra'-(netra) 3, (rAma) 3, (pakSa) 2, (candra) 1, jaise rUpa meM likhA jAegA kintu yaha dekhA gayA hai ki isa paddhati kA anukaraNa bhI bahudhA nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kitanI hI puSpikAnoM (Calophones) - 1. Sircar D.C.-Indian Epigraphy, p. 229. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #308
274, pANDulipi - vijJAna meM san saMvat sIdhI gati se hI de diyA gayA hai| isase bhI kaThinAI upasthita ho jAtI hai / yathA - saMvat 13 saiMtAlIsa samai mAhA tIja suda tAma || makhahIyo pohatA saraga hAMthAMpUre hAma | 1 yA sataraM se pacAnaveM kotuka uttama vAsa / vada paSa prAThamavAra ravi kInau grantha pragAsa || 2 yA saMvat satraha se varaSa tA Upari caubIsa || sukala puSya kAtika viSai dasamI suna rajanIsa || yA saMvata sahasa~ gaye varSa dazottara zraura / bhAdava sudi ekAdazI guruvAra sira bhaura // yA saMvat solaha solotaraM zrASAtIja dIvasa manaSaraM / / jor3I jaisalamera maMbhAra bA~cyA sukha pAne saMsAra // 15 yA aSTAdasa battIsa meM / badi dasamI madhumAsa / karI dIna biradAvalI / yA anurAgI dAsa // yA saMmata panare se pIcautarai punama phAguraNa mAsa // paMca sahelI vararaNavI kavi chIhala paragAsa // 7 yA yadi caita sATha barasa tithi caudisiguruvAra / baMdhe kavitta suvitta pari kuMbhala mera mAri // yA samata ugaraNI aura batIsA || caudaha bhAdU dIta ko bAsA // 7. bahI, pR. 501 8. vahI, pR.53 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1. menAriyA, motIlAla - rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja (prathama bhAga ) 10 21 2. vahI, pR. 101 3. vahI, pR. 22 4. vahI, pR. 361 5. vahI, pR. 37 6. vahI, pR. 45 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #309
kAla nirdhAraNa/275 uttama pulA ro pakSa buda hoI / likhyo pratIti kara prAMno soI / / athavA mAgha sudI tithi pUranA Saga puSpa arU guruvAra gini aThAraha se barasa puni tIsa saMvata sAra // 2 aba hama yahAM DI0 sI0 sarakAra kI 'iNDiyana aipIgrAphI' se eka rAjavaMza ke lekhoM meM diye gaye unake rAjyArohaNa (Regnal) saMvat kA aitihAsika kAlakrama meM sagata sthAna nirdhAraNa karane kI prakriyA ko spaSTa karane ke lie pUrI gaveSaNA ko saMkSepa meM de rahe haiM, sAtha hI prakriyA ko samajhAne ke lie TippaNiyAM bhI dI jA rahI haiM / yaha hama isalie kara rahe haiM ki isa eka udAharaNa se sIdhI aura jaTila tathA paristhitiparaka sAkSiyoM kA ekasAtha jJAna ho skegaa| prazna 'bhaumakAra-saMvat' se sambandhita hai| bhaumakAra vaMza ne 200 varSoM ke lagabhaga ur3IsA meM rAjya kiyaa| inake lekhoM tathA inake adhInastha rAjyoM ke lekhoM meM isa saMvat kA ullekha milatA hai| DI.sI. sarakAra kA vivaraNa TippariNayA~ 1. bhaumakAra rAjAoM kA saMvat isa vaMza 1. yaha pahalI sthApanAe~ haiM jo isa vaMza ke prathama rAjA ke rAjyArohaNa kAla ke zilAlekhoM evaM anya lekhoM se mile se hI prArambha huA hogaa| isa vaMza saMvatoM ke AdhAra para vidvAna itihAsake aThAraha rAjAoM ne lagabhaga do kAra ne kI haiM zatAbdI ur3IsA para rAjya kiyaa| isI rAjavaMza ke mile saMvatoM ke dharma mahAdevI sambhavataH isa vaMza kI tAratamya ko milAkara itanI sthApanA antima zAsikA thI jisakA rAjya to kI hI jA sakatI thii| prazna aba bhaumakAra saMvat ke 200veM varSa ke yaha hai ki do-sau varSa yaha saMvat calA / lagabhaga samApta ho gyaa| ye 200 varSa hamAre Adhunika aitihAsika kAlakrama ke mAnaka meM I0 san meM kahA~ rakhe jA sakate hai ? 2. ekamAtra abhilekha-vijJAna (peliyo- 2. kIlahAna kA anumAna lipi kI vize grAphI) hI kI sahAyatA se kAla-nirNaya SatA ke AdhAra para thA, para sarakAra ne kiyA jA sakatA thA so kIlahAna ne aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama dekara use daNDI mahAdevI kI gaMjama pleToM kA asambhava siddha kara diyA hai-phalataH kAla abhilekha lipi-vijJAna ke aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama yadi nizcita AdhAra para terahavIM zatAbdI I0 ke hai to usake viruddha koI anumAna nahIM lagabhaga mAnA hai| ina pleToM meM eka mAnA jA sktaa| meM bhImakAra saMvat 180 varSa par3A hai| - 1. 2. vahI, pR. 79 / vahI, pR. 108 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #310
276, pANDulipi-vijJAna - TippariNayA~ sarakAra ne ina aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai1. gaMga rAjA kI vijaya 1078 2. isa rAjA ne somavaMziyoM 1147 se jItA I0 ke bIca isase yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAlA ki gaMgavaMza kI vijaya se pUrva to bhaumakAra vaMza kA rAjya hogA hI, varan vaha somavaMza ke zAsana se bhI pUrva hogA / DI. sI. sarakAra kA vivaraNa sarakAra kIlahAna ke isa anumAna kI kATa karate haiM-isake lie ve gaMgavaMza ke anantavarmana koDagaMvA kI purI-kaTaka kSetra kI vijaya kA ullekha karate haiN| isa gaMga rAjA kA samaya 1078-1147 (47) I0 nizcita hai, ataH ur3IsA ke purI kaTaka kSetra para gaMgavaMza kA adhikAra 12 vIM zatI ke prathama caraNa meM ho gayA thaa| taba bhaumakAra isa kSetra meM 13vIM zatI taka kaise vidyamAna raha sakate haiM ? dUsare, ukta gaMgarAjA ne purI-kaTaka ko somavaMziyoM se chInA thA yA jItA thaa| ataH bhaumakAroM kA zAsana isa kSetra para una somavaMziyoM se bhI pUrva rahA hogA, jo gaMgavaMza se pUrva purIkaTaka kSetra para zAzana kara rahe the| ataH kIlahAna kA anumAna ina aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM se kaTa jAtA hai| phalataH bhaumakAroM kA samaya 1100 I0 se pUrva hogaa| 2. bI--isI prasaMga meM sarakAra yaha bhI kahate haiM ki bhaumakAroM ne apane lekhoM meM sadA aMka pratIkoM (numeral symbols) kA upayoga kiyA hai, (Figure) kA nhiiN| isa tathya se yahI siddha hotA hai ki unakA 1000 I0 ke bAda rAjya nahIM claa| kIlahAna ke anumAna ke AdhAra ko sarakAra ne abhilekha-lipi-vijJAna se bhI kATA hai-aMka pratIkoM kA prayoga 1000 I0 taka rhaa| bAda meM saMkhyA kA prayoga hone lagA / ataH siddha hai ki lekhoM meM 'saMkhyA' kA prayoga pracalita hone se pUrva, yAnI 1000 I0 se pUrva ke bhaumakAroM ke lekha haiM, kyoMki unameM aMka-pratIka haiN| ata: bhaumakAra bhI 1000 I0 se pUrva hue| isa prakAra sarakAra ne bhaumakAroM ke kAla kI nicalI sImA bhI nirdhArita kara dii| abhilekha-lipi-vijJAna akSaroM ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #311
kAla nirdhAraNa/277 DI. sI. sarakAra kA vivaraNa TippaNiyAM rUpoM tathA lekhana-vaiziSTyoM ke AdhAra para kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sahAyaka hotA hai.---jaba koI anya sAdhana na ho to ise AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai / 3. phira sarakAra ne silviyana levI kA 3. usameM sarakAra ne una sAkSiyoM kA sujhAva diyA hai ki cInI srotoM meM ullekha kiyA hai, jo videza se milI jisa mahAyAnI bauddha rAjA kA nAma haiM, aura samasAmayika hai| milatA hai, jo bu-cana (or3a-uDIsA) cInI meM bhAratIya bhImakAroM ke kA rAjA thA aura jisane svahastAkSara- kisI rAjA ke nAma jo artha diyA hai, yukta eka pAMDulipi cInI samrATa ko usase eka vidvAn ne eka rAjA ke, 795 I0 meM bhijavAI thI, vaha bhauma- dUsare ne dUsare ke nAma ko tadvat svIkAra kAra vaMza kA rAjA zubhAkara prathama thaa| kiyA hai| cInI meM isa rAjA ke nAma kA anuvAda cInI meM isa ghaTanA kA san diyA yoM diyA hai : bhAgyazAlI samrATa, jo hamA hai, jisase I0 sana hameM vidita ho vahI karatA hai jo sukRtya hai, siMha, isa jAtA hai aura ukta rUpa meM kAla-nirNaya cInI vivaraNa ke AdhAra para levI ne sambhava ho jAtA hai| zubhAkara prathama ko vaha rAjA mAnA hai aura isakA mUla nAma zubhakarasiMha (yA kesarina) hogA, yaha kalpanA kI hai| prAra0 sI0 majUmadAra ne cInI vivaraNa ke AdhAra para ukta zubhAkara prathama ke pitA ko vaha rAjA mAnA hai jisane 795 I0 meM pustaka bhejI thIisakA nAma thA 'zivakara prathama unmatta siNh| ina AdhAroM para bhImakAra-vaMza ke rAjya kI do zatAbdiyAM, 750-95) I0 yA 775-975 I0 ke bIca sthira hotI haiN| 4. bhAMDArakara ne bhI inakA kAla-nirNaya . 4. sarakAra ne bhAMDArakara kI lipi-paThana kiyA-isa AdhAra para ki bhImakAra- kI bhUla batAkara lipi-vijJAna ke usa saMvat aura 606 I0 vAle 'harSa saMvat' mahattva ko aura siddha kiyA hai, jisame ko eka mAnA jAya / isa gaNanA se vaha kAla-nirNaya meM sahAyaka hotA hai / bhaumakAra 606-806 I0 meM hue| sarakAra kI AlocanA hai ki abhilekha For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #312
278/pANDulipi-vijJAna - DI. sI. sarakAra kA vivaraNa TippaNiyAM lipi-vijJAna se bhImakAroM kA samaya bAda kA baiThatA hai| sarakAra ne yaha bhI dikhAyA hai ki bhAMDArakara ne 100 aura 200 ke jo pratIka ina lekhoM meM Aye haiM unheM par3hane meM bhUla kara dI hailu-100 aura lU-200 / ye 'lu' ko 'lU' par3ha gaye haiN| 5. aba sarakAra mahodaya eka anya jJAta kAla se isa ajJAta kI gutthI sulajhAnA cAhate haiN| isake lie inhoMne dhRtipura aura vaMjulavaka ke bhaMja rAjAoM kA AdhAra liyA hai, unameM se raNabhaMja ko somavaMzI samrATa mahAziva gapta yayAti prathama (970-1000 I0) kA samakAlIna siddha kiyA hai aura udhara pRthvI mahAdevI upanAma tribhuvana mahAdevI dvitIya ko ukta somavaMzI samrAT kI putrI batAyA hai| isa bhaumakara zatI ke lekhoM kA eka saMvat 158 hai| yaha bhaumakara saMvat hai| pRthvI mahAdevI ke bauDa (Baud) ye samasta tarka aura yuktiyA~ jJAta pleTa kA saMvat 158 aura usake pitA san saMvatoM ke samasAmayika saMvatoM kI somavaMzI mahAzivagupta yayAti prathama sthApanA kara unase bhomakAroM ke saMvat kA apane rAjya ke navam varSa kA dAna- kA sambandha biThAkara isa ajJAta saMvat lekha sarakAra ne prAyaH eka hI samaya ke prArambha ko jJAta karane ke lie diye ke mAne haiM / yaha navam rAjya-varSa san gaye haiN| 978 I0 meM par3atA hai| ataH bhauma- ___isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki kaI jJAta kAra saMvat kA prArambha isameM se 158 sambandhoM kI sandhi biThAkara ajJAta kI pRthvI mahAdevI ke lekha kA varSa ghaTA samasyA hala karane kI paddhati mahattvapUrNa dene se 820 I0 prAtA hai / yahI san anumAnataH bhaumakAra saMvat ke prArambha kA san ho sakatA hai, isake bAda nhiiN| 6. anta meM, sarakAra ne zatru bhaMja ke lekha 6. ukta aitihAsika ghaTanA aura rAjya meM Aye vistRta tithi-vivaraNa ko kAloM ke sAmyoM se jo varSa milatA hai For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #313
kAla nirdhAraNa/279 DI. sI. sarakAra kA vivaraNa liyA hai| isameM bhaumakAra vaMza samvat 198 ke sAtha yaha vivaraNa bhI diyA hai : viSuva-saMkrAnti, ravivAra, paMcamI, magazirA nakSatra / aba isa sabakI paMcAMga meM khoja karane para usa kAla meM 23 mArca, 1029 I0 ko hI ukta tithi baiThatI hai| isa gaNanA se bhaumakara-samvat 831 I0 se prArambha huA / TippaNiyA~ usameM aura isameM 11 varSa kA antara hai| yaha antima jyotiSIya pramANa adhika akATya lagatA hai, kyoMki jo vivaraNa tithi kA lekha meM hai usa vivaraNa kI tithi eka-eka zatAbdI meM do-cAra hI ho sakatI hai, ataH yaha niSkarSa prAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa eka udAharaNa se vistArapUrvaka hamane usa paddhati kA digdarzana karAne kA prayatna kiyA hai, jisase ajJAta taka pahu~cane ke prayatna kiye jAte haiN| ye samasta prayatna antima ko chor3akara bAhya sAkSyoM aura pramANoM para hI nirbhara karate haiN| aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki jahA~ kisI bhI prakAra ke san-samvat kA ullekha na ho vahA~ kAla-nirNaya yA nirdhAraNa kI paddhati kyA apanAyI jAtI hai / sAkSya : bAhya antaraMga aise lekhapatra yA grantha kA kAla-nirNaya karane meM jina bAtoM kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai unameM se kucha ye haiM : 1. bAhya sAkSya : ka-bAhya ullekha-anya kaviyoM dvArA ullekha kha-anuzrutiyoM-kavi-viSayaka loka-pracalita anuzrutiyA~ ga-aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ gha-sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ Ga-sAMskRtika-upAdAna 2. antaraMga sAkSya : ka-antaraMga sAkSya kA sthUla pakSa 1. lipi 2. kAgaja-lipyAsana 3. syAhI 4. lekhana-paddhati 5. alaMkaraNa 6. anya kha-antaraMga sAkSya : sUkSma pakSa 1. viSayavastu se 2. grantha meM Aye ullekhoM meM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #314
280/pANDulipi-vijJAna (ka) aitihAsika ullekha (kha) kaviyoM-granthakAroM ke ullekha (ga) samaya-varNana (gha) sAMskRtika bAteM (Ga) sAmAjika pariveza 3. bhASA vaiziSTya se (ka) vyAkaraNagata (kha) zabdagata (ga) muhAvarAgata 3. vaijJAnika ka-prApti-sthAna kI bhUmi kA parIkSaNa kha-vRkSa parIkSaNa ga-koyale se prAdi bAhya sAkSya jaba kisI graMtha meM racanA-kAla na diyA gayA ho to isake nirNaya ke lie bAhya sAkSya mahattvapUrNa rahatA hai| isakA eka rUpa to yaha hotA hai ki sandarbha grantha meM dekhA jAye / aisI pustakeM aura sandarbha grantha milate haiM jinameM kavi aura inake graMthoM kA vivaraNa diyA hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, 'bhaktamAla aura usakI TIkAoM' meM kitane hI bhakta kaviyoM ke ullekha haiN| unakI sAmagrI meM Aye saMketoM se kavi yA usakI kRti ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / anya sAkSiyoM aura pramANoM ke abhAva meM kama se kama 'bhaktamAla' meM pAye ullekha se kAlanirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se nicalI sImA to mila hI jAtI hai, kyoMki jina kaviyoM kA ullekha usameM huaA hai, ve sabhI 'bhaktamAla' ke racanA-kAla se pUrva hI ho cuke hoNge| dUsare zabdoM meM unakA samaya 'bhaktamAla' ke racanA-kAla ke bAda nahIM jA sktaa| .. kintu isa sambandha meM bhI eka bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki 'bhaktamAla' jaisI kRtiyoM meM, jaise sabhI kRtiyoM meM sambhava hai prakSiptAMza yA kSepaka hoM, aise aMza hoM jo bAda meM jor3e gaye hoM / prakSepoM kI vizeSa carcA pAThAlocana vAle adhyAya meM kI gayI hai, ataH aise sandarbha grantha ke usI aMza ke Upara nirbhara kiyA jA sakatA hai jo mUla hai, kSepaka nhiiN| ina sandarbha granthoM meM aise grantha bhI ho sakate haiM jo pUrI taraha kimI kavi para hI likhe gaye hoMjaise 'tulasI--carita' aura 'gosAI-carita / ' tulasI carita mahAtmA raghuvaradAsa racita hai| ye tulasI ke ziSya the| yaha grantha AkAra meM mahAbhArata ke samAna kahA gayA hai aura 'gosAI carita' ke lekhaka beNI mAdhavadAsa haiM / yaha vRhad grantha thA jo Aja upalabdha nhiiN| beNImAdhavadAsa ne isa 'gosAI carita' se dainika pATha ke lie eka choTA saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA-yaha 'mUla gusAI carita' kahalAyA, yaha upalabdha hai| beNImAdhavadAsa gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke antevAsI the| isameM inhoMne For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #315
kAla nirdhAraNa/281 Bing Kai Bing Xu Bing tulasIdAsa kI kramabaddha vistRta jIvana-kathA dI hai aura jahA~-tahA~ samvat bhI yAnI kAlasaMketa bhI diye haiN| ataH tulasI kI jIvana ghaTanAoM aura unakI vividha kRtiyoM kI tithiyA~ hameM isa grantha se prApta ho jAtI haiM- isase bar3I bhArI kAla-nirNaya sambandhI samasyA hala hotI pratIta hotI hai| isameM tulasI viSayaka sambat nimna rUpa meM diye gaye haiM : 1. janma-saM0 1554 (rajiyA rAjApura) 2. mAtA kI mRtyu tulasI janma se cauthe dina 3. vivAha-samvat 1583 meM 4. patnI kA zarIra tyAga evaM tulasI ko virakti saM0 1589 meM 5. sUradAsa tulasI se mile aura apanA 'sAgara' dikhAyA ,, 1616 meM 6. rAmagItAvalI kRSNagItAvalI kA saMgraha , 1628 meM rAmacaritamAnasa kA prArambha 1631 meM 8. dohAvalI saMgraha 1640 meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI pratilipi 1641 meM 10. matasaI racI 1642 meM 11. mitra ToDara kI mRtyu , 1669 meM 12. jahAMgIra milane AyA , 1670 meM 13. mRtyu ,, 1680 meM zrAvaNa zyAmA tIja kintu svayaM aise sabhI bahiHsAkSyoM kI prAmANikatA bhI sabase pahale parIkSaNIya hotI hai / 'mUla gusAI carita' kI prAmANikatA kI. jaba aisI hI parIkSA kI gaI to vidvAn isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki yaha 'mUla gusAI carita' aprAmANika hai| yaha kyoM aprAmANika hai, isake lie DaoN0 udayabhAnusiMha ne 14 kAraNa aura tarka saMkalita kiye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM : 'mUla gosAI carita' saM0 1687 kI kArtika zuklA navamI ko racA gayA / 'mUla gosAI carita' avizvasanIya pustaka hai| isakI avizvasanIyatA ke mukhya kAraNa haiM : 1. yaha pustaka aise alaukika camatkAroM se bharI par3I hai jina para vizvAsa karanA kisI vivekazIla ke lie asambhava hai| 2. isameM kahA gayA hai ki tulasI ke bAlyakAla meM unake bharaNa-poSaNa kI cintA cuniyAM, pArvatI, ziva aura naraharyAniMda ne kii| spaSTa hai ki tulasI jIvikA ke viSaya meM nizcita rhe| isake viparIta, kavi ke svara meM svara milAkara yaha bhI kaha diyA gayA hai ki usa bAlaka kA dvAra-dvAra DolanA hRdaya-vidAraka thA / ye paraspara virodhinI uktiyA~ asaMgata hai| 3. isake anusAra eka preta ne tulasI ko hanumAna kA darzana karA kara rAma darzana ___1. siha. udayabhAnu (DaoN.)-tulasI kAmya mImAMsA, pR. 23-25 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #316
282/pANDulipi-vijJAna kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| kintu antassAkSya se siddha hai ki tulasI bhUtapreta pUjA ke virodhI 4. isameM 'vinaya patrikA' ko 'rAmavinayAvalI' nAma diyA gayA hai| koI aisI prati nahIM milatI jisameM yaha nAma upalabdha ho| hA~, rAmagItAvalI nAma avazya pAyA jAtA hai| . 5. isake anusAra 'gItAvalI' (saM0 1616-18) kavi kI sarvaprathama kRti hai / 'kRSNagItAvalI' (saM0 1628), 'kavitAvalI' (saM0 1628-42), 'rAmacarita mAnasa' (1631-33), 'vinaya patrikA' (1639), 'rAmalalAnahachu' (1639), 'jAnakI maMgala' (1639), 'pArvatI maMgala' (1639) aura dohAvalI (1640) bAraha varSoM ke AyAma meM likhI gyii| saM0 1670 meM cAra pustakoM kI racanA huI : 'barabai rAmAyaNa', 'hanumAna bAhaka', 'vairAgya maMdIpanI' tathA 'rAmAjJA prshn'| isameM aneka prasaMgatiyA~ avekSaNIya haiN| 'gItAvalI'-jaisI praur3ha kRti prArambhika batalAyI gayI hai aura 'vairAgya saMdIpanI' evaM rAmAjJA-prazna' ke sadRza apraur3ha kRtiyA~ antima / tIsa varSoM (1640-70) taka kavi ne koI racanA nahIM kI / kyA usakI pratibhA mUcchita ho gaI thI ? 6. isameM 'rajiyApura' (rAjApura) ko tulasI kA janma sthAna kahA gayA hai| lekina aitihAsika srotoM se siddha hai ki saM0 1813 taka usa sthAna kA nAma 'vikramapura' rahA hai / 7. isake anusAra saM0 1616 meM sUradAsa ne citrakUTa pahu~cakara tulasI ko 'sAgara' dikhAyA aura AzISa mA~gA / saM0 1616 taka to tulasI ne eka bhI racanA nahIM kI thii| aura unakI kIrti 'rAmacarita mAnasa' kI racanA (saM0 1631) ke bAda phailii| unheM 'sAgara' dikhAne kI kyA tuka thI? yaha bhI hAsyAspada lagatA hai ki vayovRddha, pratiSThita aura aMdhe sUradAsa ne citrakUTa jAkara unheM 'sAgara' dikhaayaa| 8. isameM varNita hai ki saM0 1616 meM mIrAbAI ne tulasI ko patra likhA thA / mIrAM maM0 1603 taka divaMgata ho cukI thIM, 1616 meM unhoMne patra kaise likhA? 9. yadyapi lekhaka ne kezavadAsa-sambandhI ghaTanAoM ke nizcita samaya kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai tathApi sandarbha se avagata hai ki ve 1643 ke lagabhaga tulasI se mile aura saM0 1650 ke lagabhaga kezava ke preta ne talasI ko gheraa| svayaM kezavadAsa ke anusAra 'rAmacandrikA' kA racanAkAla saM0 1658 hai, na ki saM0 1643 / aura, yaha gappa kI hada hai ki kezava ne rAta bhara meM 'rAmacandrikA' kA nirmANa kara DAlA----apane ko aprAkRta kavi siddha karane ke lie| isake atirikta saM0 1651 ke lagabhaga kezava kA preta tulasI se kaise milA ? yaha tathya nirvivAda hai ki unakA dehAnta saM0 1670 ke bAda huA / unhoMne apanI 'jahAMgIra-jasa-candrikA' kA racanA kAla saM0 1669 batalAyA hai / * 1. dohAvalI, 65; rAmacaritamAnasa, 2/1671 2. moraha se aTThAvanA kAtaka mudi budhavAra / rAmacandra kI candrikA tava lIno avatAra / rAmacandrikA, 1/6 3. sauraha se unahattarAM mAdhava mAsa vicAru / jahA~gIra saka sAhi kI karI candrikA cAru / / jahA~gIra jasa candrikA, 2 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #317
kAla nirdhAraNa/283 10. dillIpati (akabara) aura jahAMgIra vAlI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA itihAsa meM koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| ataH ve tathya-viruddha haiN| ____11. 'carita' ke anusAra ToDara kI sampatti kA ba~TavArA unake uttarAdhikArI putroM ke bIca kiyA gayA / parantu ba~TavAre kA paMcAyatanAmA upalabdha hai / isa 'paMcAyatanAme' se pramANita hai ki yaha ba~TavArA unake putra aura potroM ke bIca huA thA / 1 12. isameM kahA gayA hai ki tulasI ke zApa ke phalasvarUpa hAthI ne gaMga ko kucala DAlA / aitihAsika tathya yaha hai ki jisa gaMga ko hAthI se kucalavAyA gayA thA vaha auraMgajeba kA samakAlIna thA / auraMgajeba saM0 1715 meM bAdazAha huA thaa| isaliye saM0 1639 meM gaMga kI kathita durghaTanA sambhava nahIM ho sktii| 13. isake anusAra nAbhAdAsa 'viprasaMta' the / isa viSaya meM koI sAkSya nahIM hai / paramparA meM unako 'hanumAnavaMzI' athavA Doma mAnA gayA hai| 14. 'carita' meM ullikhita tithiyoM meM se tulasI ke janma (saM0 1554, zrAvaNa zuklA 7, karka ke bRhaspati-candramA, vRzcika ke zani), yajJopavIta (saM0 1651, mAghazuklA 5, zukravAra), vivAha (saM0 1583, jyeSTha zuklA 13, guruvAra), patnI nidhana (saM0 1589, ASAr3ha kRSNA 10, budhavAra), mAnasa-samApti (saM0 1633, mArgazIrSa zuklA 5, maMgalavAra) aura svargavAsa (saM0 1680, zrAvaNa kRSNa 3, zanivAra), kI tithiyA~ gaNanA yogya haiM / purAtattva-vibhAga se jA~ca karavA kara DaoN0 rAmadatta bhAradvAja ne batalAyA hai| ki inameM se kevala yajJopavIta aura vivAha kI tithiyA~ hI satyApita haiM / DaoN. mAtA prasAda gupta ne patnI-dehAnta kI tithi ko bhI zuddha mAnA hai / zeSa cAra tithiyA~ kisI bhI gaNanApraNAlI se zuddha nahIM utaratI / tulasI ke aMtevAsI kI yaha anabhijJatA 'carita' kI prAmANikatA ko khaNDita karatI hai|" saMkhyA 5 meM DaoN siMha ne tulasI kI vividha kRtiyoM ke kAla ko aprAmANika batalAne ke liye unakI praur3hatA ko AdhAra banAyA hai| yaha sAhityika tarka mahattvapUrNa hai| 'gItAvalI' kavi kI prArambhika kRti nahIM ho sakatI, vaha praur3ha kRti hai| DaoN mAtA prasAda gupta ne apane zodha prabandha 'tulasIdAsa' meM ina granthoM ke racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa vaijJAnika vidhi se kiyA hai| vaha dRSTavya hai| saMkhyA 7 meM diyA saMvat isaliye amAnya batAyA gayA hai ki vaha asaMgata hai : sUra to 'sAgara' pUrA kara cuke the, aura tulasI 1616 taka eka bhI racanA nahIM kara pAye thetaba sUra jaise aMdhe aura vRddha vyakti kA 1616 se tulasI jaise vikhyAta vyakti se AzISa lene jAne meM saMgati nahIM baitthtii| saMkhyA 8 meM ghaTanA ko asambhavatA ke AdhAra para aprAmANika batAyA gayA hai| mIrAM kI mRtyu 1603 taka ho cukI thI, 1616 meM patra likhanA asambhava bAta hai / saMkhyA 9 meM aprAmANikatA kA AdhAra 'tathya-virodha' hai / tathya yaha hai kezava ne 1 panAvara paMcAyatanAme ke zabda haiM-anaMdarAma bina ToDara vina devarAya va ka~dhaI vina rAmabhadra vina ToDara majakUra / 2. yaha saMvat 1561 honA cAhie / 3. gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, pR0 48 / 4. tulasIdAsa, pR. 47 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #318
284 / pANDulipi - vijJAna rAmacandrikA 1658 meM rcii| mUla gusAMI carita meM 1643 vyaMjita hotI hai / phira, tathya hai ki kezava kI mRtyu 1670 ke bAda huI, taba 1651 meM kezavakA preta tulasI se kaise milA, yaha tathya - virodhI bAta hai ataH amAnya hai / saMkhyA 14 meM saMvat diye gaye haiM unameM tithiyA~ tathA anya vistAra bhI haiM jinase unakI parIkSA 'garaNanA' dvArA kI jA sakatI hai| 'purAtattva vibhAga' kI gaNanA se tathA DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta kI gaNanA se kaI tithiyA~ amAnya haiM, kyoMki ve satyApita nahIM hotIM / 'garaNanA' kA AdhAra sabase adhika vaijJAnika aura prAmANika hotA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa prakAra hamane isa eka udAharaNa se dekhA hai ki 'praur3hatA dyotaka krama kI zravahelanA prasaMgati asambhAvanA, tathya virodha evaM 'gaNanA' se prasiddha honA kucha aisI bAteM haiM jinase prAmANikatA zramAnya ho jAtI hai / aisA 'bahiHsAkSya' yadi prAmANika ho to bahuta mahattvapUrNa ho sakatA hai / yataH yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki bahiHsAkSya ko mahattva dete samaya usakI prAmANikatA kI parIkSA ho jAnI cAhiye / jo prAmANika hai, vahI mahattva kA ho sakatA hai / kitane hI aise kavi yA vyakti ho sakate haiM jinakA patA hI bahiHsAkSya se lagatA hai / jaise--uparyukta 'tulasI carita' aura usake lekhaka kA pahalA ullekha 'zivasiMha seMgara' ke 'zivasiMha saroja' meM milatA hai / para vaha grantha upalabdha nahIM huA / jo upalabdha huA banAvaTI grantha hai / isI prakAra saMskRta AcArya bhAmaha ne do sthAnoM para eka medhAvin kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'ta eta upamAdoSAH sapta meghAvinoditAH ' ( II - 40 ) tathA ' yathAsaMkhyamathotprekSAmalaMkAra viduH / saMkhyAnamiti medhAvinotprekSAbhihitA kvacita' 1 inase vidita hotA hai ki kisI meghAvI yA meghAvin ne upamA ke sAta doSa batAye haiM, tathA vaha 'yathAsakhya' alaMkAra ko 'saMkhyAna' nAma detA hai, aura usako alaMkAra nahIM kahatA / isa ullekha se 'meghAvin' kA nAma sAmane AtA hai jisase pahale vidvAn paricita nahIM the| taba, bhAmaha ke bAda isakI puSTi misAdhu se bhI ho jAtI hai, meghAvin yA meghAvirudra nAma kA prAcArya huA hai -- yaha bhI alaMkArazAstra kA prAcArya thA / bhAmaha ke ullekha se 'meghAvin' kI nicalI kAla sImA bhI nirdhArita ho jAtI hai / bhAmaha kI kAlAvadhi kANe ne 500 aura 600 I0 ke bIca dI hai| 500 bhAmaha ke kAla kI UparI sImA aura 600 nicalI avadhi | 'meghAvin' bhAmaha se pUrva hue the / isa prakAra bAhya ullekhoM se ajJAta kavi kA patA bhI calatA hai, aura usakI nicalI kAlAvadhi bhI jJAta ho jAtI hai / aise prasaMga pAMDulipi - vijJAnArthI ke liye cunautI kA kAma karate haiM ki vaha prayatna kare aura aise kavi kI kisI kRti kA udghATana kare / 1. anuzrutiyA jana zruti loka meM pracalita pravAdoM ko ekatra kara parIkSApUrvaka prAmANika mAna kara unake AdhAra para kAla viSayaka niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiM / jaise-yaha janazruti ki mIrA~ ne tulasI ko patra likhA thA, aura tulasI ne bhI uttara diyA thA / yadi yaha satyApita ho Kane. P. V. -- Sahityadarpan (Introduction), P. XII. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #319
kAla nirdhAraNa/285 makatA to donoM samakAlIna ho jAte aura kAlakrama meM tulasI pahale rakhe jAte kyoMki ve itanI khyAti pA cuke the ki mIrA~ unase parAmarza mAMga skii| mIrA~ unase umra meM choTI siddha hotI, para jaisA hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki yaha janazruti satyApita nahIM hotii| mIrA tulasI se pahale hI divaMgata ho cukI thIM / ataH janazruti kA mUlya usa samaya taka nagaNya hai jaba taka ki anya Thosa AdhAroM se vaha prAmANika na siddha ho jAya / phira bhI, janazruti kA maMkalana aura adhyayana apekSita to hai hii| usameM se kabhI-kabhI mahattvapUrNa khoI kar3I mila sakatI hai| itihAsa evaM aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ bAhya sAkSya haiM / inakI sahAyatA prAyaH kisI antaHsAkSya ke sahAre se lI jA sakatI haiM / svatantra rUpa se bhI itihAsa sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / jaisevAmana ke sambandha meM rAjataraMgiNI meM ullekha hai ki vaha jayApIr3a kA mantrI thA aura vyUhalara ne batAyA hai ki kAzmIrI paMDitoM meM yaha janazruti hai ki yaha jayApIr3a kA mantrI vAmana hI 'kAvyAlaMkAra-sUtra' kA racayitA aura 'rIti' sampradAya kA pravartaka hai| isa aitihAsika AdhAra para 'vAmana' kA kAla 800 I0 ke lagabhaga nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha kA koI sandarbha hameM bAmana kI kRti meM nahIM milatA / itihAsa kA ullekha aura anuzruti se puSTi-ye do bAteM hI isakA AdhAra haiM / hA~, anya vahiHsAkSyoM se puSTi avazya hAtA hai / ataH kisI bhI aise svatantra aitihAsika ullekha kI anya vidhi se bhI puSTi kI jAnI caahiye| kavi ke antaHsAkSya ke sahAre itihAsa yA aitihAsika ghaTanA ke AdhAra para kAlanirNaya karane kI dRSTi se 'bhaTri' ko le sakate haiN| bhaTTi ne 'bhaTTi kAvya' meM likhA hai ki 'kAvya midaM vihitaM mayA valAbhyAM shriidhrsennrendrpaalitaayaam"| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bhaTTi ne rAjA zrIdharasena ke Azraya meM valabhI meM 'bhaTTi kAvya' kI racanA kI, kintu racane kA kAla nahIM diyA / aba inakA kAla-nirdhAraNa karane ke lie valabhI ke zrIdharasena kA kAla nizcita karanA hogA, aura isake liye itihAsa se sahAyatA lenI hogii| itihAsa se vidita hotA hai ki 'zrIdharasena prathama' kA koI lekha nahIM miltaa| zrIdharasena dvitIya kA sabase pahalA lekha valabhI saM0 252 kA hai jo 571 I0 kA huA / zrIdharasena caturtha kA antima lekha valabhI saMvat 332 kA milA hai, jo I0 san 651 kA huA / isI prakAra zrIdharasena ke uttarAdhikArI droNasiMha kA lekha valabhI saMvat 183 arthAt 502 I. kA milA hai / ata: bhaTTi kA samaya 500 se 650 I. ke bIca honA cAhiye / mandasaura ke sUrya mandira ke zilAlekha kA san 473 I. hai| isake lekhaka vatsabhaTTi ko bI. sI. majUmadAra ne 'bhaTTi kAvya' se sAmya ke AdhAra para bhaTTi mAnA hai / taba bhaTTi zrIdharasena prathama ke samaya meM hue jo 500 I. se pahale thaa| spaSTa hai ki zrIdharasena nAma ke cAra rAjA hue, ataH samasyA rahI ki kisa zrIdharasena ke samaya bhaTTi hue, taba 'kAvya sAmya' ke AdhAra para vatsabhaTTi aura 'bhaTTi kAvya' racayitA bhaTTi ko eka mAna kara vatsabhaTTi ke 413 I. ke lekha se bhaTTi ko prathama zrIdharasena ke samaya 500 I. se pahale kA mAna liyA gyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #320
286/pAMDuliti-vijJAna 'kRti' meM kAla kA saMketa na hone para anta sAkSya ke kisI sUtra ko pakar3a kara itihAsa kI sahAyatA se kAla-nirdhAraNa ke rocaka udAharaNa milate haiM / eka hai nATya-zAstra ke kAla-nirNaya kI samasyA / aneka vidvAnoM ne apanI taraha se 'nATya-zAstra' kA racanAkAla nirdhArita karane ke prayatna kiye haiM, para kAraNe mahodaya ne pro0 silviyana levI kA eka udAharaNa diyA hai ki unhoMne 'nATya-zAstra' meM sambodhana sambandhI zabdoM meM 'svAmI' kA AdhAra lekara aura caSTana jaise bhAratIya zaka zAsaka ke lekha meM caSTana ke liye 'svAmI' kA upayoga dekhakara yaha siddha kiyA ki bhAratIya 'nATya-kalA' kA prArambha bhAratIya zakoM ke kSatrapoM ke darabAroM se huaA-arthAt videzI zaka-rAjyoM kI sthApanA se pUrva bhAratavAsI nATaka se anabhijJa the / nATya-zAstra meM 'svAmI' zabda kA sambodhana bhI zaka zAsakoM ke darabAroM meM pracalita ziSTa prayogoM se liyA gayA hai| ina kSatrapoM ke rAjyakAla meM hI prAkRta bhASAmoM kA sthAna saMskRta lene lagI-yA, bhASA viSayaka pravRtti kA parivartana videzI zAsana kA prabhAva thA jo nATya-zAstra se vidita hotA hai / kANe mahodaya kI yaha TippaNI isa viSaya para dRSTavya hai : "Inspite of the brilliant manner in which the arguments are advanced, and the vigour and confidence with they are set forth, the theory that the Sanskrit theatre came into existence at the court of the Kshatrapas and that the supplanting of the Prakrits by classical sanskrit was led by the foreign Kshatrapas appears, to say the least, to be an imposing structure built upon very slender foundations"l isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki itihAsa kI sahAyatA lete samaya bhI bahuta sAvadhAnI baratanI cAhiye / yaha bhI parIkSA kara lenI cAhiye ki kahIM prakriyA ulaTI to nahIM / caSTana ke lekha meM 'svAmI' kA prayoga kahA~ se kaise A gayA ? kyA yaha zaka zabda hai ? jaba aisA nahIM to spaSTa hai ki lekhaka yA sUtradhAra yA zilpakAra, jisane caSTana kA lekha taiyAra kiyA yA utkIrNa kiyA vaha, bhAratIya nATya-zAstra se paricita thA, vahIM se sambodhana ke liye saMstuta zabdoM meM se 'svAmI' zabda ko lekara usane caSTana ke liye usakA prayoga kiyaa| yaha sthiti adhika saMgata hai| ___ataH yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki kisI sthApanA ke liye kyA koI anya vikalpa bhI hai, yadi koI anya vikalpa bhI ho to usakA samAdhAna bhI kara diyA jAnA cAhiye / / itihAsa ke kAraNa kavi dvArA diye kAla saMketa ko lekara saMkaTa yA jhamele bhI khar3e ho sakate, haiM, ise bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| isake liye 'jAyasI' ke padmAvata kA udAharaNa mahattvapUrNa hai| isako DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke zabdoM meM unake grantha 'padmAvata' ke mUla aura sajIvanI bhASya kI bhUmikA se uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : "jAyasI kRta dUsarA mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika ullekha padmAvata meM hai / usameM sUravaMzI samrATa zerazAha kA zAhe vakta ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA gayA hai : serasAhi dillI sulatAnU / cAriu khaNDa tapai jasa bhAnU / 1311 1. Kane, P.V.-Sahityadarpan (Introduction). P. VIII. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #321
kAla. nirdhAraNa/287 jAyasI ke varNana se vidita hotA hai ki zerazAha usa samaya dillI ke siMhAsana para baiTha cukA thA aura usakA bhAgyodaya carama sImA para pahu~ca gayA thA / humAyUM ke Upara zerazAha kI vijaya causA yuddha meM 26 jUna, 1539 ko aura kannauja ke yuddha meM 17 maI, 1540 ko haI / dillI ke sulatAna pada para usakA abhiSeka 26 janavarI, 1542 ko hanA / jAyasI ne padmAvata ke prArambha meM tithi kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : sana nausa saMtAlisa grahai / kathA prArambha baina kavi kahai / / 24 / / isakA 947 hijarI 1540 I0 hotA hai| usa samaya zerazAha humAyUM ko parAsta karake hindustAna kA samrATa bana cukA thA, yadyapi umakA abhiSeka taba taka nahIM huA thaa| 947 ke kaI nIce likhe pAThAntara milate haiM : 1. gopAla candra jI kI tathA mAtAprasAda jI kI kucha pratiyA~ 927 hi = 1521 I0 padmAvata kA alAula kRta baMgalA anuvAda 927 hi0 = 1551 I0 2. bhArata kalA bhavana kAzI kI kaithI prati 936 hi0 = 1530 I0 3. 1109 hi0 (1697 I0) meM likhita mAtAprasAda kI prati dvi0 3 945 hi0 = 1539 I0 4. mAtAprasAda jI kI kucha pratiyAM, tathA rAmapura kI prati 947 hi0 = 1540 I0 5. bihAra zarIpha kI prati 948 hi0 = 1542 I0 927,936, 945, 947, 948 ina pA~ca tithiyoM meM hastalikhita pratiyoM ke sAkSya ke AdhAra para 927 pATha sabase adhika prAmANika jAna par3atA hai| padmAvata kI san 1801 kI likhI eka anya prati meM bhI grantha racanA-kAla 927 milA thA (khoja riporTa, 14vA~ vArSika vivaraNa, 1929-31, pR0 62) / 927 pATha ke pakSa meM eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki yaha apekSAkRta kliSTa pATha hai / vipakSa meM yahI yukti hai ki zerazAha ke rAjyakAla se isakA mela nahIM baiThatA / zukla jI ne prathama saMskaraNa meM 947 pATha rakhA thA, para dvitIya saMskaraNa meM 927 ko hI mAnya samajhA kyoMki alAula ke anuvAda meM unheM yahI san prApta hA thA / avazya hI yaha eka aisI sAkSI hai jo usa pATha ke pakSa meM vizeSa dhyAna dene ke liye vivaza karatI hai| 927 yA 947 kI saMkhyA aisI nahIM jisake par3hane yA artha samajhane meM rukAvaTa hotii| ataeva usake bhI jaba pATha-bheda hae to usakA kucha savizeSa kAraNa aisA honA cAhiye jo sAmAnyataH dUsare prakAra ke pAThAntaroM meM lAgU nahIM hotA / maiMne artha karate samaya zerazAha vAlI yukti para dhyAna dekara 947 pATha ko samIcIna likhA thA, kintu 1. yaha anuvAda 1645-1652 ke bIca mudUra arAkAna rAjya ke mantrI magana ThAkura ne alAula nAmaka kavi se karAyA thAsekha muhammada jtii| jakhane racile puthii| saMkhyA saptaviMza nava zata / sana nau se chattIsa jaba rhaa| kathA urehi vaena kavi-kavi khaa| (bhArata kalA bhavana, kAzI kI kaithI prati) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #322
288/pANDulipi-vijJAna aba pratiyoM kI bahula sammatti evaM kliSTa pATha kI yukti para vicAra karane se pratIta hotA hai ki 927 mUla pATha thA aura jAyasI ne padmAvata kA Arambha isI tithi meM arthAt 1521 meM kara diyA thaa| grantha kI samApti kaba huI, kahanA kaThina hai, kintu kavi ne usa kAla ke itihAsa kI kaI pramukha ghaTanAoM ko svayaM dekhA thaa| bAbara ke rAjya kAla kA to spaSTa ullekha hai hI (AkhirI kalAma 811) / usake bAda humAyUM kA rAjyArohaNa (836 hi.), causA meM zerazAha dvArA usakI hAra (945 hi.), kannauja meM zerazAha kI usa para pUrNa vijaya (947 hi0), phira zerazAha kA dillI ke siMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka (948 hi0), ye ghaTanAe~ unake jIvana kAla meM ghaTIM / mere mitra zrI zambhuprasAda jI bahuguNA ne mujhe eka buddhimattApUrNa sujhAva diyA hai ki padmAvata ke vividha hastalekhoM kI tithiyA~ ina ghaTanAoM se mela khAtI haiM / hi0 927 meM prArambha karake apanA kAvya kavi ne kucha varSoM meM samApta kara liyA hogaa| usake bAda usakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ samaya-samaya para vanatI rahIM / bhinna tithiyoM vAle saba saMskaraNa samaya kI AvazyakatA ke anukUla cAlU kiye gaye ! 927 vAlI kavi likhita prati mUla prati thii| 936 vAlI prati kI mUla prati humAyaM ke rAjyArohaNa kI smRti rUpa meM cIlU kI gii| hi0 945 vAlI prati jisakA mAtA prasAda jI gupta ne pAThAntara meM ullekha kiyA hai, zerazAha kI causA yuddha meM humAyUM para vijaya prApta karane ke uparAnta cAlU kI gaI / 947 vAlI cauthI prati zerazAha kI humAyUM para kannauja vijaya kI smRti kA saMketa detI hai / pA~cavIM yA antima prati 948 hi0 kI hai, jaba zerazAha dillI ke takhta para baiTha kara rAjya karane lagA thA / mUla grantha jaise kA taisA rahA, kevala zAhe vakta vAlA aMza usa samaya jor3A gayA / padmAvata jaise mahAkAvya kI racanA ke lie cAra varSoM kA samaya lagA hogA / sambhAvanA hai ki usake bAda kavi kucha varSoM taka jIvita rahA ho / padmAvata ke kAraNa usake mahAna vyaktitva kI kIrti phaila gaI hogii| zerazAha ke abhyudaya kAla meM kavi kA bAdazAha se sAkSAt milana bhI bahuta sambhava hai / isa sambandha meM padmAvata kA yaha dohA dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai : dInha asIsa muhammada karahu jugahi juga rAja / pAtasAhi tumha jaga ke jaga tumhAra muhatAja / / 1318-9 dohe ke zabdoM meM jo AtmIyatA hai aura pratyakSa ghaTanA jaisA citra hai, vaha iMgita karatA hai ki jaise vRddha kavi ne svayaM sulatAna ke sAmane hAtha uThA kara AzIrvAda diyA ho / isa ghaTanA ke bAda hI zAhe vakta kI prazaMsA vAlA aMza zurU meM jor3A gayA hogaa| rAmapura kI prati meM isa aMza kA sthAna bhI badalA huA hai| usameM mAtAprasAda jI ke dohoM kI saMkhyA kA pUrvApara krama yaha hai--do 12, 20 (gurU mahadI..."), 18 (seyada asarapha.......), 19 (unha ghara ratana.......") 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21 arthAt zerazAha vAle pA~ca dohoM ko guru-paramparA ke varNana ke bAda rakhA gayA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki bAda meM bar3hAe hae isa aMza kA ThIka sthAna kahA~ ho, isa bAre meM pratiyoM kI kama se kama eka paramparA meM vikalpa avazya thA / "1 isa uddharaNa se kAla-nirNaya meM jhamele ke liye tIna kAraNa sAmane Ate haiM, pahalA pATha-bheda-5 pATha-bheda mile / pAThAlocana se bhI isa sambandha meM antima akATya nirNaya 1. agravAla, vAsudeva zaraNa (DaoN.!-padmAvata. pR. 45-47 ! For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #323
kAla nirdhAraNa 289 nahIM kiyA jA sakA / yoM 927 hijarI kA pakSa DaoN0 agravAla ko bhI bhArI lagatA hai| kAraNa yahI hai ki yaha kaI pratiyoM meM hai| dUsarA-kAla-saMketa meM kevala san kA ullekha hai, vistRta tithi-vivaraNa-tithi, dina, mahInA, pakSa nahIM diyA gayA, ataH gaNanA aura paMcAMga se zuddha 'kAla' kI parIkSA nahIM ho sktii| tIsarA kAraNa hai, aitihAsika ullekha : "se rasAhi dillI sulatAnU cAriu khaNDa tapai jasa bhAnU / / " yaha zerazAha kA dillI kA sulatAna honA aitihAsika kAla-krama meM 927, 936, 945 hijarI se mela nahIM khAtA / 947 kucha ThIka baiThatA hai| para "tape jasa bhAna" to 948 hi0 meM hI sambhava thA / isa aitihAsika ghaTanA ne 927 se asaMgata hokara yathArtha amelA khar3A kara diyA hai| isake samAdhAna meM hI yaha anumAna prastuta karanA par3A ki jAyasI ne padmAvata kI racanA prArambha to 927 hijarI meM kI, kevala 'zAhevakta' viSayaka paMktiyA~ san 948 hi0 meM likhiiN| san ke vividha pATha-bhedoM ko vividha aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA smAraka mAnane kI kalpanA bhI itihAsa kI pRSThabhUmi se saMgati biThAne kI dRSTi se rocaka hai / prAmANika kitanI haiM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ evaM sAMskRtika ullekha yaha pakSa bhI ubhayAzrita hai / aMtaraMga se upalabdha sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI kI saMgati bAhya sAkSya se biThAkara kAla-nirNaya meM sahAyatA lI jAtI hai / bAhya sAkSya kAla-nirdhAraNa meM pramukha rahatA hai ataH ise bAhya sAkSya meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| __ yaha bhI tathya hai ki sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika AdhAra ko kAla-krama nirdhAraNa meM upayogI banAne ke lie unakA svayaM kA kAla-krama kisI anya prAdhAra se, vaha adhikAMzataH aitihAsika ho sakatA hai, sunizcita karanA hogaa| yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko bilkula alaga-alaga karake nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / donoM kA itanA anyonyAzrita sambandha hai ki donoM ko eka mAna kara calanA hI adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika sAkSya se kAla-nirdhAraNa kA udAharaNa DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta dvArA sampAdita 'basanta vilAsa aura usakI bhASA' zIrSaka pustaka se milatA hai| - DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta se pUrva 'basanta vilAsa' ke kAla-nirNaya kA prayatna pro0 DablyU0 nAramana brAuna aura unase pUrva zrI kAntikAla bI0 vyAsa kara cuke the| ina donoM ne bhASA ko AdhAra mAna kara UparalI aura nicalI kAla sImAe~ nirdhArita kI thIM-ve thIM 1400-1424 ke bIca / __ isakA khaNDana aura apane mata kA saMketa ukta pustaka kI bhUmikA meM racanA-kAla zIrSaka meM saMkSepa meM yoM diyA hai : "kRti ke racanA-kAla kA usameM koI ullekha nahIM hai| usakI prAcInatama prApta For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #324
290/pANDulipi-vijJAna prati saM0 1508 kI hai, isaliye yaha usakI racanA-tithi kI eka sImA hai| saM0 1508 kI prati kA pATha avazya hI kucha-na-kucha prakSepa-pUrNa ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vahI sabase bar3A hai, aura pAThAntaroM kI dRSTi se aneka sthaloM para usase bhinna pratiyoM ke pATha adhika prAcIna jJAta hote haiM, isaliye, racanA kA samaya sAmAnyataH usase kAphI pahale kA honA caahiye| yaha spaSTa hai jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai, prAyaH vidvAnoM ne racanA kI ukta prAcInatama prApta prati kI tithi me use eka zatAbdI pUrva mAnA hai / kintu merI samajha meM yahAM unhoMne aTakala se hI kAma liyA hai| pUrI racanA Amoda-pramoda aura krIDApUrNa nAgarika jIvana kA aisA citra upasthita karatI hai jo mukhya hindI pradeza meM 1250 vi0 kI jayacanda para muhammada gaurI kI vijaya ke anaMtara aura gujarAta meM 1356 vi0 ke alAuddIna ke senApati ulugakhAM kI vijaya ke anaMtara islAmI zAsana ke sthApita hone para samApta ho gayA thA / isaliye racanA adhika se adhika vikramIya 14vIM zatI ke madhya, IsvI 13vIM zatI-kI honI cAhiye / phira DaoN0 gupta ne vistArapUrvaka 'basanta vilAsa' ke uddharaNoM se usa jana-jIvana kA vivaraNa diyA hai aura taba niSkarSataH likhA hai ki : "isa vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa jJAta hogA ki terahavIM zatI IsvI kI musalamAnoM kI uttara-bhArata-vijaya se pUrva kA hI nAgarika jIvana racanA meM citrita hai| musalamAnoM ke zAsana ke antargata isa prakAra kI svacchandatA se nagara ke yuvaka-yuvatiyoM kI nagara ke krIr3AvanoM meM milane kI koI kalpanA nahIM kara sakatA hai jaisI vaha isa kAvya meM varNita huI hai / kavi kisI pUrvavartI aitihAsika yuga kA isameM varNana bhI nahIM karatA hai, vaha apane hI samaya ke basanta ke ullAsa-vilAsa kA varNana karatA hai, isaliye merA anumAna hai ki 'vasantavilAsa' kA racanA-kAla saM0 1356 ke pUrva kA to honA hI cAhiye aura yadi vaha saM0 1250 se bhI pUrva kI racanA pramANita ho to mujhe Azcarya na hogaa| sambhava hai usakI bhASA kA prApta rUpa isa pariNAma ko svIkAra karane meM bAdhaka ho| kintu bhASA pratilipiparamparA meM ghisakara dhIre-dhIre adhikAdhika Adhunika hotI jAtI hai| isaliye bhASA kA svarUpa prApta pariNAma ko svIkAra karane meM bAdhaka nahIM honA cAhiye / "3 isa uddharaNa se usa praNAlI kA udghATana hotA hai jisase sAMskRtika-sAmAjika sAmagrI ko kAla-nirdhAraNa kA AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai| isameM sAMskRtika sAmAjika jIvana kA, basanta ke avasara kA Amoda-pramoda vaNita hai| DaoN0 gupta ne isa AdhAra ko lekara eka aitihAsika ghaTanA ke pariprekSya meM dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai / vaha ghaTanA hai uttarI bhArata aura gujarAta para islAmI vijaya aura zAsanainakA kAla vidita hai 1250 tathA 1356 / kalpanA yaha hai ki isa samaya ke bAda aisA jIvana jiyA nahIM jA sakatA thA; na kavi usakA aisA sajIva varNana hI kara sakatA thaa| 1. (a) vAhya mAkSya kI dRSTi se kAla saMketa yukta pratilipi kI mahatvapUrNa hotI hai, yaha isase siddha hotA hai| (A) yathA-zrI maMjulAla majamudAra--gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpo pazca vibhAga pR. 225 / gupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN.)-basaMta vilAsa aura usako bhASA, pR. 4-51 gupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN.)-basaMta vilAsa aura usakI bhASA, pR. 8 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #325
kAla nirdhAraNa/291 vaisA varNana usa kAla meM rahane vAlA kavi hI kara sakatA hai| 'basanta vilAsa' se usakI vartamAnakAlikatA prakaTa hai / spaSTa hai ki eka prakaraNa kA mela itihAsa kAla-krama vAlI eka ghaTanA se sthira kiyA gayA, taba kAla-viSayaka niSkarSa para pahu~cA gyaa| isa kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bhASA kA sAkSya bAdhaka pratIta hotA thA kyoMki gupta se pUrva do vidvAnoM ne bhASA ke sAkSya para hI 1400-1425 ke bIca kAla-nirdhArita kiyA thA, ataH isa tarka ko isa siddhAnta se kATa diyA ki 'pratilipi paramparA' meM bhASA adhikAdhika Adhunika hotI jAtI hai / spaSTa hai ki sAMskRtika bAhya sAkSya + itihAsa-siddha kAlakramayukta ghaTanA se yahA~ niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai| jisa prakAra samAja aura saMskRti ko ukta rUpa meM kAla-nirdhAraNa ke liye sAkSya banAyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra dharma, rAjanIti, zikSA, Arthika tattva, jyotiSa Adi bhI apanI-apanI taraha se kAla sApekSa hote haiM, ataH kAla-nirdhAraNa meM mAtra kisI eka prAdhAra se kAma nahIM cala pAtA, jitanI bhI bAtoM meM kAla-sUcaka bIja hone kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai, unakI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne pANini kA kAla-nirNaya karane meM sAhityika tarka (Literary argument),1 maskarI parivrAjaka : eka. vizeSa zabda,' buddha dharma, zrAviSThA prathama nakSatra, nanda se sambandha, rAjanItika sAmagrI (data), yavanAnI lipi kA ullekha, pazu viSayaka kathAnta sthAna nAma, kSudraka-mAlaya' pANini aura kauTilya, sikkoM kA sAkSya, vyakti-nAma (gotranAma, evaM nakSatra-nAma ke AdhAra para), pANini aura jAtaka, pANini tathA madhyama paMtha Adi kI parIkSA kii| spaSTa hai ki kAla-nirdhAraNa meM eka nahIM aneka prakAra ke sAkSyoM kI parIkSA karanI hotI hai| pahale ke tarkoM aura pramANoM kI samIcInatA siddha yA prasiddha karanI hotI hai / bAhya sAkSya meM se bahuta se aMtaraMga sAkSya se guMthe hue haiM / aMtaraMga sAkSya aMtaraMga sAkSya ko do pakSoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM, eka hai sthUla pakSa, dUsarA hai sUkSma / sthUla pakSa kA sambandha una bhautika vastuoM se hotA hai jinase graMtha nirmita huA hai| ise vastugata pakSa kaha sakate haiM, jaise-grantha kA kAgaja, tAr3apatra Adi / usakA AkAra-prakAra bhI kucha artha rakhate hI haiM / syAhI bhI isameM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| isI sthUla pakSa kA eka aura pahalU hai : lekhana / lekhana vyaktigata pahala mAnA jA sakatA hai| vyakti arthAt lekhaka 1. vastuta: yaha tarka golDasTukara ke isa tarka ko kATane ke liye diyA hai ki pANini AraNyaka, upaniSada, prAtizAkhya, vAjasaneyI sahitA, zatapatha brAhmaNa, atharvaveda aura SaD-darzana se paricita nahIM the, ata: yAska ke bAda pANini hue the| yaha siddha karane ke liye ki isa vyakti se pANini paricita the, ata: isake bAda hI he| 3. golDasTakara ke isa tarka kA khaMDana karane ke liye ki pANini buddha se pUrva hue| jyotiSa para AdhArita sAkSya / 5. aitihAsika AdhAra / 6. eka vizeSa jAti saMbaMdhI / .7. gaNoM kA saMgha evaM sainya saMgaThana tathA yuddha-vidyA smbndhii| 8. kucha viziSTa zabdoM se donoM paricita the, isa AdhAra para kAla nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #326
292/pANDulipi-vijJAna yA lipikAra kA likhane kA apanA DhaMga hotA hai| isameM lipi kA pahalA sthAna hai : isameM dekhanA hotA hai ki kaunasI lipi meM lekhaka ne likhA hai ? yahI nahIM, varan yaha bhI dekhanA hotA hai ki jisa lipi meM usane likhA hai, usake kisa rUpa meM aura akSara ke kisa prakAra meM likhA hai / lipi kA bhI itihAsa hotA hai, aura usakI varNamAlA ke akSaroM kA bhI hotA hai / pratyeka lekhaka kAlagata sthiti meM apanI paddhati meM likhatA hai| ise bhI kyA kAla-nirdhAraNa kA prAdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai, yaha dekhanA hotA hai| lekhana meM alaMkaraNoM kA bhI sthAna hotA hai / lipi ko bhI vividha prakAra se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai, tathA lekha meM jahA~-tahA~ maMgala upakaraNoM se tathA anya prakAra se sajAyA jAtA hai| kyA inase bhI kAla-nirNaya meM koI sahAyatA mila sakatI hai, yaha bhI dekhanA hogA / pRSThAMkana praNAlI kA antara bhI isI varga meM praayegaa| sacitra grantha ho to citra-yojanA para bhI kAla-nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se vicAra karanA hogaa| inake bAda hameM yaha anusaMdhAna bhI karanA hogA ki kyA koI aura aisA tattva ho sakatA hai jo vyaktigata pakSa meM prAtA ho aura ukta vastuoM meM na A pAyA ho / aba hama pahale vastugata pakSa meM kAgaja ko lete haiN| kAgaja = lipyAsana yahAM kAgaja kA vyApaka artha liyA gayA hai, isIlie ise 'lipyAsana' nAma diyA gayA hai| yaha hama pahale dekha cuke haiM ki lipyAsana meM patthara, IMTa, dhAtu, camar3A, patra, chAla, kAgaja Adi sabhI pAte haiM / hama yaha dekha cuke haiM ki lipyAsanoM ke prakAroM se lekhana ke vibhinna yugoM se sambandha hai| iMToM para lekhana IsA ke 3000 varSa pUrva taka huA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra 3000 I0pU0 se pepIrasa ke kharar3oM (Rolls) kA yuga calatA hai| I0pU0 1000 se 800 ke bIca koDeksa yA carma-pustakoM kA yuga prArambha huA mAnA jA sakatA hai| taba kAgaja kA prArambha cIna se hokara yUropa phuNcaa| san 105 I0 se kAgaja kA pracAra aisA hA ki anya lipyAsanoM kA upayoga samApta ho gyaa| bhArata meM kAgaja sikandara ke samaya meM bhI banatA thA kintu IMToM ke bAda patthara, aura usake bAda tAr3a-patra evaM bhUrja-patroM kA upayoga vizeSa hotA rhaa| bhUrja-patra se bhI adhika tAr3a-patra kA upayoga bhArata meM huaA hai| ___ kAgaja kA pracAra sabase adhika huA hai| . ye lipyAsana kAla-nirdhAraNa meM kevala isIliye sahAyaka mAne jA sakate haiM ki ina para bhI kAla kA prabhAva par3atA hai| kAla kA prabhAva alaga-alaga bhaugolika paristhitiyoM meM alaga-alaga par3atA hai| nepAla meM tAr3a-patrIya saMskRta granthoM ke anusandhAna ke vivaraNa meM yaha ullekha hai ki tAr3apatra-granthoM ke liye nepAla kA vAtAvaraNa, jalavAyu anukUla hai / vahA~ kAlagata prabhAva jalavAyu se kucha parisImita ho jAtA hai| phira bhI, prabhAva par3atA to hai hI / isI kAla-prabhAva ko abhI taka kevala anumAna se hI batAyA jAtA rahA hai| yaha anumAna pAMDulipi-vijJAnavettA yA pAMDulipiyoM se sambandhita vyakti ke anubhava para nirbhara karatA hai| anubhavI vyakti grantha ke kAgaja kA rUpa dekha kara yaha bAta batA sakatA hai ki anumAnataH yaha pustaka kitanI purAnI ho sakatI hai| yaha anubhavAzrita anumAna anya prayoga me puSTa bhI honA cAhiye / yadi pramANa me puSTa nahIM hotA to yaha tabhI taka durbala For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #327
kAla nirdhAraNa 293 aAdhAra ke rUpa meM banA rahegA jaba taka ki yA to ise khaMDita nahIM kara diyA jAtA yA puSTa nahIM kara diyA jAtA hai| hA~, eka sthiti aisI ho sakatI hai jisase anubhavAzrita anumAna adhika mahattva kA ho sakatA hai / do hastalekhoM kI tulanA meM eka purAnI prati apanI jIrNatA-zIrNatA Adi ke kAraNa nizcaya hI kucha varSa dUsare se pahale kI mAnI jA sakatI hai| anusaMdhAna vivaraNoM aura hastalekhoM ke kAla-nirarNAyaka tarkoM meM prati kI prAcInatA bhI eka AdhAra hotI hai| vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki kAla-krama kI dRSTi se kAgajoM ke sambandha meM do bAtoM para anusaMdhAnapUrvaka nirNaya liyA jAnA caahiye| eka to kAgajoM ke kaI prakAra milate haiN| hAtha ke bane kAgaja bhI sthAna bhedoM se kitane hI prakAra ke haiM, aura isI prakAra mila ke bane kAgajoM ke bhI kitane hI bheda haiN| inameM paraspara kAla-krama nirdhArita kiyA jAnA cAhiye / __ hamAre yahA~ 20vIM zatAbdI se pUrva hAtha kA banA kAgaja hI kAma meM AtA thA / prAyaH sabhI pAMDulipiyA~ unhIM kAgajoM para likhI milatI haiM / aba yaha Avazyaka hai ki koI vaijJAnika vidhi rAsAyanika yA rAzmika AdhAra para aisI AviSkRta kI jAya ki grantha ke kAgaja kI parIkSA karake unake kAla kA vaijJAnika anumAna lagAyA jA sake / ___ jaba taka aisA nahIM hotA taba taka anubhavAzrita anumAna me jo sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai, lI jAnI cAhiye / syAhI syAhI ko bhI kAla-nirNaya meM kAgaja kI taraha hI sahAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / kAla kA prabhAva syAhI para bhI par3atA hI hai, para usako jAnane ke lie aura usa prabhAva se samaya ko prAMkane ke lie koI nibhrAnta sAdhana nahIM hai| ina donoM ke sambandha meM eka vidvAna kA kathana hai ki "jaba kisI saMgraha ke granthoM ko dekhate haiM to usakI vibhinna pratiyA~ vibhinna dazAoM meM milatI haiN| koI-koI grantha to kaI zatAbdI purAnA hone para bhI bahuta svastha aura tAjI avasthA meM milatA hai| usakA kAgaja bhI acchI hAlata meM hotA hai, aura syAhI bhI jaisI kI taisI camakatI huI milatI hai, parantu kaI grantha bAda kI zatAbdiyoM ke likhe hone para bhI unake patra tar3akane se aura akSara ragar3a se vikRta pAye jAte haiN|" - isa kathana se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kAgaja aura syAhI ko kAla-nirNaya kA sAdhana banAte samaya bahuta sAvadhAnI apekSita hai, aura una samasta tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA jinase kAgaja aura syAhI para kAlagata prabhAva yA to par3A hI nahIM, yA bahuta kama par3A, yA kama par3A, yA sAmAnya par3A, yA adhika pdd'aa| pAMDulipi-vidoM ne kAla-nirgaya meM jahA~ ina donoM kA upayoga kiyA hai vahA~ tulanA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA hai| lipi lipi kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai, kyoMki usakA vikAsa hotA AyA 1. zrI gopAla nArAyaNa baharA kI ttippnniyaaN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #328
294/pANDulipi-vijJAna hai, usa vikAsa meM akSaroM ke lipi-rUpoM meM parivartana hue haiM, jinheM kAla-sImAoM meM bA~dhA gayA hai / akSara kA eka lipi-rUpa eka vizeSa kAla-sImA meM calA, phira usameM vikAsa yA parivartana huA aura nayA rUpa eka vizeSa kAla-sImA meM pracalita rahA / Age bhI isI prakAra hotA gayA aura vividha akSara-rUpa vividha kAla-sImAoM meM pracalita mile| isa kAraNa eka vizeSa akSara-rUpa vAlI lipi ko usa vizeSa kAla-avadhi kA mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisameM lipi-vaijJAnikoM ne use pracalita siddha kiyA hai| zilAlekhoM evaM abhilekhoM meM lipi ke vikAsa kI ina kAlAvadhiyoM ko suvidhA ke liye nAma bhI de diye gaye haiN| azoka-kAlIna brAhmI lipi kI kAlAvadhi I0pU0 500 se 300 I0 taka mAnI gaI / isa bIca meM isake akSara-rUpoM meM kucha parivartana hue milate haiN| ina parivartanoM se eka nayA rUpa cauthI zatI I0 meM ubhara uThatA hai / ise guptalipi kA nAma diyA gayA, kyoMki gupta samrAToM ke kAla meM isakA azoka kAlIna brAhmI se pRthak rUpa ubhara pAyA / guptalipi kA yaha rUpa chaThI zatI I0 taka claa| anya parivartanoM ke sAtha isameM eka vaiziSTya yaha milatA hai ki sabhI akSaroM meM koNa tathA sire yA rekhA kA samAveza huA / isI ko 'siddha mAtRkA' kA nAma diyA gayA hai| isa lipi meM chaThI se navamI zatAbdI ke bIca phira aisA vaiziSTya ubharA jo ise guptalipi se pRthaka kara detA hai| ye vaiziSTya haiM (1) guptalipi ke akSaroM kI khar3I rekhAe~ nIce kI ora bAyIM dizA meM mur3I milatI haiM tathA (2) mAtrAe~ Ter3hI aura lambI ho gaI haiM, isalie inheM 'kuTilAkSara' yA 'kuTila lipi' kahA gyaa| vahIM-kahIM 'vikaTAkSarA' bhI nAma hai| - 'siddha mAtRkA' se 'nAgarI lipi' kA vikAsa huaa| isakA AbhAsa to sAtavIM zatI se hI milatA hai, para navamI zatAbdI se abhilekha aura grantha isa lipi meM likhe jAne lage / 11vIM zatI meM isakA vyApaka prayoga hone lgaa| yaha sthUla kAla-vidhAna diyA gayA hai, yaha batAne ke lie ki vizeSa yuga meM lipi kA vizeSa rUpa milatA hai, ataH kisI vizeSa lipi-rUpa se usake kAla kA bhI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai, aura lagAyA bhI gayA hai| granthoM meM upayoga meM Ane para bhI lipi-vikAsa rukatA nahIM, manda ho sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki granthoM kI lipiyoM meM bhI kAla-bheda se rUpAntara milatA hai, ataH usake aAdhAra ko kAla-nirNaya kA AdhAra kisI sImA taka banAyA jA sakatA hai : isake lie 'rAulaveli' ke sambandha meM yaha uddharaNa udAharaNArtha diyA jA sakatA hai / 'rAulaveli' eka kRti yA grantha hI hai, jo zilAlekha ke rUpa meM dhAra se prApta huA hai| yaha priMsa oNva velsa myUjiyama, bambaI meM surakSita hai / ___ isa zilAMkita kRti meM racanA-kAla nahIM diyA gyaa| isakI antaraMga sAmagrI se kisI aitihAsika vyakti yA ghaTanA kA bhI saMdhAna nahIM miltaa| isa kAraNa itihAsa se bhI kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA nahIM miltii| ataH isa kRti ke sampAdaka DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne likhA: For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #329
kAla nirdhAraNa/295 "racanA kA nAma 'rAula vela' =rAjakula-vilAsa hai, isaliye zilAlekha ke vyakti rAjakula ke pratIta hote haiN| kintu prApta aitihAsika sAmagrI se ina para koI prakAza nahIM par3atA hai| lekha ke anta meM donoM choroM para do prAkRtiyA~ haiM, jinameM se eka bhagna hai, jo zeSa hai vaha kamala-vana kI hai, aura jo bhagna hai nizcaya hI vaha bhI usI kI rahI hogii| isa prakAra kI prAkRtiyA~ lekhoM ke anta meM unakI samApti sUcita karane ke lie dI jAtI haiM / aisI paristhitiyoM meM lekha kA samaya nirdhAraNa kevala lipi-vinyAsa ke prAdhAra para sambhava hai| isakI lipi sampUrNa rUpa se bhoja deva ke 'kUrmazataka' vAle dhAra ke zilAlekha se milatI hai (de0 ipigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda 8, pR0 241) / donoM meM kisI bhI mAtrA meM antara nahIM hai, aura usake kucha bAda ke likhe hue arjunavarmanadeva ke samaya ke 'pArijAta maMjarI' ke dhAra ke zilAlekha kI lipi kiMcit badalI huI hai (de0 ipigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda 8, pR0 96) isaliye isa lekha kA samaya 'kUrmazataka' ke ukta zilAlekha ke Asa-pAsa hI arthAt 11vIM zatI IsvI honA cAhiye / " isa udAharaNa se spaSTa hai ki lipi bhI kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| lipi kA vizeSa rUpa kAla se sambaddha hai, aura jJAta kAlIna racanA kI lipi se tulanA para sAmya dekhakara kAla-nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'kUrmazataka' bhojadeva kI kRti hai, usakA kAla bhojadeva ke kAla ke AdhAra para jJAta mAnA jA sakatA hai| jisa kAla meM 'kUrmazataka' kI racanA huI, usake kucha samaya bAda ko zilAMkita 'pArijAta-maMjarI' kI lipi bhinna hai, ataH 'rAulabela' kI lipi usase pUrva kI aura 'kUrmazataka' ke samakAlIna ThaharatI hai to racanAkAla 11vIM zatI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM 1 lipi sAmya, aura 2. lipi-bheda ke do sAkSya liye gaye haiN| vAstava meM, lipi ke akSaroM aura mAtrAtroM ke rUpa hI nahIM alaMkaraNoM ke rUpa kA bhI kAla-nirdhAraNa meM sAkSya mAnanA hogaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se to 'bhAratIya lipi aura bhAratIya abhilekha' viSayaka racanAoM meM lipiyoM ke kAlagata bhedoM aura unake akSaroM aura mAtrAoM ke rUpoM meM antara kA ullekha sodAharaNa aura sacitra huA hai| kintu granthoM kI lipiyoM kA itanA gahana aura vistRta adhyayana nahIM hshraa| lipi ke aAdhAra para granthoM ke kAla- nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se zatAbdI krama se granthoM meM milane vAle lipi-antaroM aura vaiziSTyoM kA adhyayana honA caahiye| isakA kucha prayatna 'lipi-samasyA' vAle adhyAya meM kiyA bhI gayA hai / para, vaha aparyApta isa sambandha meM pahalA mahattvapUrNa kArya ka0 mu0 hindI tathA bhASA-vijJAna-vidyApITha ke anusandhAnAdhikArI vidvadvara paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI kA hai| inhoMne parizramapUrvaka kAlakrama se milane vAle akSara, mAtrA aura aMkoM ke rUpa zilAlekha Adi ke sAtha granthoM ke AdhAra para bhI diye haiN| isa adhyayana ko pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko aura Age bar3hAnA cAhiye / inakA yaha phalaka hamane 'lipi samasyA' zIrSaka adhyAya meM diyA hai / usameM kucha aura rUpa bhI hamane jor3e haiM / 1. gupta, mAtAprasAda, (DaoN.)-rAula vela aura usakI bhASA, pR. 191 2. dRSTavya-adhyAya-51 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #330
296/pANDulipi-vijJAna lipi racanA-kAla nirdhAraNa meM tabhI yathArtha sahAyatA kara sakatI hai jaba kAla-krama se prApta prAyaH sabhI yA adhikAMza hastalekhoM se akSara, mAtrA aura aMka ke rUpa tulanApUrvaka kAlakramAnusAra diye jAyeM aura kAlakramAnusAra unake vaiziSTya bhI prastuta kiye jaayeN| lekhana-paddhati, alaMkaraNa Adi vaise to lekhana-paddhati, alaMkaraNa Adi kA bhI sambandha kAlAvadhi se hotA hI hai, kyoMki likhane kI paddhati, use alaMkRta karane ke cihna aura upAdAna, inase sambandhita saMketAkSaroM aura cihnoM kA prayoga, mAMgalika tattvoM kA aMkana, sabhI kA kAla-sApekSa prayoga hotA hai| inase prayoga ko kAla-krama meM bA~dhakara adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura taba kAla-nirdhAraNa meM inakI sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai / yathA---- saMketAkSaroM kI kAlAvadhi : pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsvI 1. sa, samu, sava, samva yA saMvata- saMvatsara ke lie pUrva 2. pa pakSa ke lie 3. di yA diva divasa ke lie 4. gi, gR0, gra0 grISma ke lie 5. va yA vA varSa (prA0 vAsI) ke lie 6. he yA hema Adi hemanta ke lie pAMcavIM zatI se aura 1. dU0 dUtaka ke lie prAge 2. rU0 rUpaka ke lie 3. dvi0 dvitIyA ke lie 4. ni0 'nirIkSita' ke lie, nibaddha ke lie 5. mahAkSani (saMyukta zabda) mahAkSapaTalika-nirIkSita ke lie 6. zrIni zrIhasta zrIcaraNa nirIkSita ke lie 7. zrI ni mahAsAma zrI hastanirIkSita evaM mahAsaMdhivigrahika nirIkSita ke lie| vastutaH kAla-nirNaya meM sahAyaka hone kI dRSTi se abhI saMketAkSaroM ko kAla-krama aura kAlAvadhi meM bA~dhakara prastuta karane ke prayatna nahIM hue| lekhana-paddhati meM hI sambodhana aura upAdhibodhaka zabda bhI sthAna rkheNge| hama dekha cuke haiM ki zabdoM ke lekha meM 'svAmI' sambodhana ko dekha kara aura nATyazAstra meM rAjA ke liye use prayukta batAyA dekhakara kucha vidvAn nATya kalA kA prArambha bhI videzI zakazAsakoM se mAnane lage the| sambodhana aura upAdhibodhaka zabdoM ko kAla-krama se isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #331
kAla nirdhAraNa/297 272-232 I0 pU0 dvitIya zatI I0pU0 prathama ardhAMza dvitIya zatI I0pU0 prathama zatI I0pU0 rAjan (azoka jaise samrATa ke lie devI (rAjJI-rAnI) mahArAjA (bhAratIya yUnAnI zAsakoM ke lie) mahArAjJI (mahAdevI) tRtara (saMskRta trAtaH rakSaka rAjA ke lie) aprakaraNa (saM. apratyagra, japratidvandvI rahita) 5. rAjan (yaha zabda bhI prayoga meM thA) maharajasa rajarajasa (yA rajadirajasa) mahatasa (saM0 mahArAjasya rAjarAjasya mahataH yA rAjAdhirAjasya mahataH) 7. mahArAjAdhirAja yA bhaTTAraka mahArAja rAjAdhirAja / mahArAjAdhirAja paramabhaTTAraka 8. mahArAja (7. ke aAdhIna rAjA) 9. rAjAdhirAja paramezvara 10. paMca mahAzabda-'prApta paMcamahA zabda' yA 'samAdhigata paMca mahAzabdaH' paMcamahAzabda-1. mahApratihAra yA 2. mahAsaMdhivigrahika azeSa mahAzabda--3. mahAazvazAlAdhikRta 4. mahAbhANDAgArika 5. mahAsAdhanika cauthI zatI IsavI (gRpta kAla) 6ThI zatI IsavI 9vIM, 10vIM zatI I0 athavA 1. mahArAja 2. mahAsAmanta 3. mahAkArtAkRtika 4. mahAdaNDanAyaka 5. mahApratihAra athavA paMcamahAzabdapaMca mahAvAdya Adi aisI upAdhiyoM aura nAmoM kI eka lambI sUcI banAyI jA sakatI hai aura pratyeka ko kAlAvadhi aitihAsika kAla-kramaNikA meM sthira kI jA sakatI hai, taba ye kAla-nirdhAraNa meM adhika sahAyaka ho sakate haiM / isI prakAra se anya vaiziSTya bhI lekhana-paddhati meM kAla-bheda se milate haiM, jinheM bAla-tAlikA meM yathA-sthAna nibaddha karanA cAhiye aura pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko svayaM aisI kAlakrama tAlikAeM banA lenI caahiye| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #332
298/pANDulipi-vijJAna isI prakAra alaMkaraNa-vidhAna bhI kAla-kramAnusAra milate haiM, ataH inakI bhI sucI prastuta kI jA gakatI hai aura kAla-krama nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / antaraMga pakSa : sUkSma sAkSya Upara sthUla-pakSa para kucha vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| aba sUkSma sAkSya para bhI saMkSepa meM dizA-nirdeza ucita pratIta hotA hai| sUkSma sAkSya meM vaha saba kucha samAhita kiyA jAtA hai jo sthUla pakSa meM nahIM A pAtA / isameM pahalA sAkSya bhASA kA hai| bhASA ___ bhASA kA vikAsa aura rUpa-parivartana bhI kAla-vikAsa ke sAtha hotA hai, ataH bhASA kA gambhIra adhyetA usakI rUpa-racanA aura zabda-sampatti tathA vyAkaraNagata sthiti ke AdhAra para vikAsa ke vividha caraNoM ko kAlAvadhiyoM meM bA~Takara, kAla-nirdhAraNa meM mahAyaka ke rUpa meM usakA upayoga kara sakatA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa 'basanta vilAsa' ke kAla-nirdhAraNa kA diyA jA sakatA hai| yaha hama dekha cuke haiM ki 'basanta-vilAsa' meM kAla viSayaka puSpikA nahIM hai / taba DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta se pUrva jina vidvAnoM ne 'basanta vilAsa' kA sampAdana kiyA thA unhoMne bhASA ke sAkSya ko hI mahattva diyA thaa| unake tarka ko DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne saMkSepa meM yoM diyA hai : "zrI vyAsa (zrI kAntilAla bI0 vyAsa) ne 1942 meM prakAzita apane pUrvokta saMskaraNa meM kRti kI racanA-tithi para bar3e vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai (bhUmikA pR0 29-37) / unhoMne batAyA hai ki saM0 1517 ke lagabhaga likhate hue ratnamandira gariNa ne apanI 'upadezataraMgiNI' meM 'basanta-vilAsa' kA eka dohA uddhRta kiyA hai, aura racanA kI sabase prAcIna prati, jo ki citrita bhI haiM, saM0 1508 kI hai, isase spaSTa hai ki racanA vikramIya 16vIM zatI ko prArambha meM hI paryApta khyAti aura lokapriyatA prApta kara cukI thii|" (yahAM taka bAhya sAkSyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai) "sAtha hI unhoMne likhA hai ki bhASA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para kRti kI tithi kI dUsarI sImA saM0 1350 vi0 mAnI jA sakatI hai / bhASA-sambandhI isa sAkSya para vicAra karane ke lie unhoMne saM0 1330 meM lipibaddha 'ArAdhanA', saM0 1369 meM lipibaddha 'aticAra' saM0 1411 meM likhita 'samyaktava kathAnaka' saM0 1415 meM likhita 'gautama rAsa' saM0 1450 meM likhita 'mugdhAvabodha auktika,' saM0 1466 meM likhita 'zrAvaka aticAra', saM0 1478 meM likhita 'pRthvI candra caritra' tathA saM0 1500 meM likhita 'namaskAra bAlAvabodha' se uddharaNa dete hue unakI bhASAoM se 'vasanta-vilAsa' kI bhASA kI tulanA kI hai aura likhA hai ki 'basanta-vilAsa' kI bhApA 'zrAvaka aticAra' (saM0 1466) tathA 'mugdhAvabodhauktika, (saM0 1450) se pUrva kI aura 'samyaktva kathAnaka' (saM0 1411) tathA 'gautama rAsa' (saM0 1412) ke nikaTa kI jJAta hotI hai / isa bhASA sambandhI sAkSya se tathA isa tathya se ki ratnamandira gaNi ke samaya (saM0 1517) taka kRti ne paryApta lokapriyatA prApta kara lI thI, yaha pariNAma nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki 'basanta-vilAsa' kI racanA saM0 1400 ke Asa-pAsa huI thii| isalie merI rAya meM vikramIya 15vIM zatI kA prathama caturthAMza hI (saM0 1400-1425) 'basanta vilAsa' kA sambhava racanAkAla honA cAhiye (bhUmikA pR0 37) / "1 1. gupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN0)--basanta-vilAsa aura usakI bhASA, (bhUmikA), pR. 4 / .. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #333
kAla nirdhAraNa/299 DaoN0 gupta ke isa uddharaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki 'basanta-vilAsa' ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM bhASA-sAkSya ke lie 1330 se lekara 1500 saMvat taka ke kAla-yukta prAmANika granthoM ko lekara unase tulanApUrvaka basanta-vilAsa ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM mukhya sAkSya bhASA kA hI hai / bhASA kA sAkSya sahAyaka ke rUpa meM anya sAkSyoM aura pramANoM ke sAtha pA sakatA vastuviSayaka sAkSya vastu-viSayaka sAkSya meM vastu sambandhI bAteM AtI haiM; udAharaNArtha, bhArata ke nATyazAstra ke kAla nirdhAraNa meM eka tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki nATyazAstra meM kevala cAra alaMkAroM kA ullekha hai : kAraNe mahodaya ne likhA hai : "(h) All ancient writers on alankara, Bhatti (between 500-650 A.C.), Bhamaha, daNDI, udbhaTa, define more than thirty figures of speech, bharata defines only four, which are the simplest viz. upamA, dIpaka, rUpaka and yamaka, bharata gives a long disquisition on metres and on the prakrits and would not have scrupled to define more figures of speech if he had known them. Therefore he preceded these writers by some centuries atleast. The foregoing discussion has made it clear that the ICANTET can not be assigned to a later date than about 300 A.C." 1.. alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA 2. alaMkAroM kI sarala prakRti 3. jJAta prAcInatama alaMkAra-zAstriyoM dvArA batAye gaye saMkhyA meM 35 alNkaar| 4. yadi bharata ko cAra se adhika alaMkAra vidita hote yA usa kAla meM pracalita hote to vaha unakA varNana avazya karate, jaise chanda-zAstra aura prAkRta bhASAoM kA kiyA hai : niSkarSa-una ke samaya cAra alaMkAra hI zAstra meM svIkRta the / / 5. cAra kI saMkhyA se 35-36 alaMkAroM taka pahuMcane meM 200-300 varSa to apekSita hI haiM / yaha kANe mahodaya kA apanA anumAna hai-jisake pIche haiM naye alaMkAroM kI udbhAvanA meM lagane vAlA sambhAvita samaya / spaSTa hai ki yahA~ 'vastu ke aMza' ko AdhAra mAna kara kAla-nirNaya meM sahAyatA lI gaI hai| ___ isI prakAra 'vastu' kA upayoga kAla-nirdhAraNa ke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAgini ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM DaoN0 agravAla ne vastugata sandarbho se hI kAla-nirdhAraNa kiyA hai, upaniSad, zloka zlokakAra maskaMkta naTa sUtra, zizakrandIya, yamasabhIya, indrajananIya, antarayana deza, diSTa mati, nirvANa, kumArI zramaNA cIvarayate, auttarAdharya, zraviSThA yavanAnI lipi tathA anya bhI pANini ke sUtroM meM Ane vAle zabdoM se kAla-nirdhAraNa meM 1. Kane, P.V.. Sahitya darpan-(Introductjon), p XI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #334
300/pANDulipi-vijJAna sahAyatA lI gaI hai| ye sabhI varNya vastu ke aMza haiN| ye sabhI graMtha gata sAhityika, aitihAsika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika, rAjanItika, jyotiSa Adi ke ullekha haiM, ataH unakI sahAyatA se ina zabdoM se kAla-sandarbha DhUMDhA jA sakA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki kAla-nirdhAraNa eka samasyA hai, jise aMtaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para aneka vidhiyoM se sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai| pANDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko isa dizA meM sahAyaka siddha ho sakane ke lie vividha viSayagata kAla-kramAnusAra tAlikAe~ prastuta karanI cAhiye / vaijJAnika pravidhi ___ kAla-nirdhAraNa viSayaka hamArA kSetra 'pAMDulipi' kA hI hai, kintu jaba pAMDulipi bhUmi-garbha meM dabI mile aura san-saMvat yA tithi Adi ke jAnane kA koI sAdhana na ho to kucha anya vaijJAnika sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, kiyA jAtA hai jaise-- mohanajodar3oM se milane vAlI sAmagrI / isake kAla-nirdhAraNa ke lie eka praNAlI to pahale se pracalita thI, pRthvI para jame partoM ke AdhAra para : "As the result of exacavations carried out at the statue of Ramses II, at Memphis in 1850, Horner ascertained that I feet 4 inches of mud accumulated since that monument had been erected, i.e. at the rate of 3} inches in the century." __ isI prakAra bhUmi ke miTTI ke partoM ke anusAra jisa gaharAI para vastu milI hai, usakA prAnumAnika kAla nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai, prAyaH kiyA bhI jAtA rahA hai| yadi usa bhUmi para vRkSa uge hue haiM to vRkSoM ke tane kATa kara dekhane para usameM eka ke Upara eka kitane hI parta dikhAI par3ate haiM, unake AdhAra para usa vRkSa kA bhI samaya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai / bhUmi aura vRkSa donoM ke paratoM se usa vastu kA kAla prApta ho sakatA hai / ye donoM hI praNAliyA~ vaijJAnika haiN| jyotiSa kI gaNanA kI paddhati bhI vaijJAnika hI hai| para abhI hAla hI meM saMyukta rAjya ke pro0 ema0 sI0 libbI ne reDiyoaikTiva kArbana se kAla-nirdhAraNa kI vaijJAnika vidhi kA udghATana kiyaa| TATA iMsTITyUTa oNva phaMDAmeNTala risarca nAmaka bambaI sthita saMsthAna ne 1951 se 'reDiyo-kArbana kAla-nirdhAraNa vibhAga' sthApita kara rakhA hai, isakI prayogazAlA meM 'kArbana' reDiyodharmitA ke AdhAra para kAlanirdhAraNa kI vizada paddhati vikasita karalI hai| isase vastuoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa kA kArya mampanna kiyA jAtA hai| isake pariNAmoM meM 100 varSoM kA hI hera-phera rahatA hai, anyathA bahuta hI ThIka kAla jJAta ho jAtA hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane kAla-nirdhAraNa sambandhI samasyAoM, kaThinAiyoM aura unake samAdhAna ke prayatnoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai-yaha ullekha bhI saMketarUpa meM hI hai, kevala dizA-nirdezana ke lie / vastutaH vyaktiyoM kI pratibhA apanI samasyAoM aura kaThinAiyoM ke samAdhAna ke lie apanA rAstA svayaM nikAlatI hai| kavi nirdhAraNa samasyA ___ kavi-nirdhAraNa kI samasyA to bahuta hI jaTila hai| kitanI ho ulajhaneM usameM pAtI haiM, kitane hI sUtra guthe rahate haiM, ve sUtra bhI anizcita prakRti vAle hote haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #335
kAla nirdhAraNa/301 inase kabhI-kabhI jaTila samasyAe~ khar3I ho jAtI haiN| kabhI-kabhI yaha jAnanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki kRti kA kavi kauna hai| isa samasyA ke kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiM : 1. kavi ne nAma hI na diyA ho jaise dhvanyAloka meM / kabi ne nAma aisA diyA ho ki vaha sandehAspada lge| 3. kavi ne kucha isa prakAra apane nAma diye hoM ki pratIta ho ki ve alaga alaga kavi haiM--eka kavi nahIM--sUradAsa, sUra, sUraja Adi yA mamArika aura muvAraka yA nArAyaNadAsa aura nAbhA / kavi kA nAma aisA ho ki usake aitihAsika astitva ko siddha na kiyA jA sake, yathA, cndvrdaayii| 5. grantha sammilita kRtitva ho, kahIM eka kavi kA to kahIM dUsare kA nAma diyA gayA ho / jaise--'pravINa sAgara' kA 6. grantha aprAmANika ho aura kavi kA jo nAma diyA gayA ho, vaha jhUThA ho yathA-'mUla gusAIcarita', bAbA beNImAdhavadAsa kRt| 7. kavi meM pUraka kRtittva ho isase yathArtha ke sambandha meM bhrAnti hotI ho, jaise-caturbhuja kA madhumAlatI aura pUraka kRtitva usameM goyama kaa|| 8. vidvAnoM meM kisI grantha ke kRtikAra kavi ke sambandha meM paraspara matabheda ho / 9. grantha ke kaI pakSa hoM, yathA-mUla grantha, usakI vRtti aura usakI TIkA / ho sakatA hai mUla grantha aura vRtti kA lekhaka eka hI ho yA alaga-alaga hoMjisase bhrama utpanna hotA ho / udAharaNArtha dhvanyAloka kI kArikA evaM vRtti / 10. lipikAra ko hI kavi samajha lene kA bhrama, aadi| aise hI aura bhI kucha kAraNa de sakate haiN| eka udAharaNa leM-saMskRta meM 'dhvanyAloka' ke lekhaka ke sambandha meM samasyA khar3I huI / 'dhvanyAloka' kA alaMkAra-zAstra yA sAhitya zAstra ke itihAsa meM vahI mahattva hai jo pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI kA bhASA-zAstra meM aura vedAntasUtra kA vedAnta meM / dhvanyAloka se hI sAhitya-zAstra kA dhvani-sampradAya prabhAvita huaa| dhvanyAloka ke tIna bhAga haiM : pahale meM haiM 'kArikAe~', dUsare meM haiM vRtti, yaha gadya meM kArikAyoM kI vyAkhyA karatI hai, tIsarA hai udAharaNa / -ina udAharaNoM meM se adhikA~za pUrvakAlIna kaviyoM ke haiN| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki ye tInoM aMza eka lekhaka ke likhe hue haiM yA do ke / do isalie ki vRtti aura udAharaNa vAle aMza to niHsaMdeha eka hI lekhaka ke haiM, ataH mukhya prazna yaha hai ki kyA kArikAkAra aura vRttikAra eka hI vyakti haiM ? yaha prazna isalie jaTila ho jAtA hai ki 'dhvanyAloka' ke 150 varSa bAda abhinavagupta pAdAcArya ne isa para locana nAmaka TIkA likhI aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usameM unhoMne Anandabardhana ko vRttikAra mAnA hai, kArikAkAra nhiiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #336
302/pANDulipi-vijJAna isa 'dhvanyAloka' kI puSpikA meM isakA nAma 'sahRdayAloka' bhI diyA gayA hai aura kAvyAloka bhI / 'sahRdayAloka' ke AdhAra para eka vidvAn ne yaha sujhAva diyA ki 'sahRdaya' kavi kA yA lekhaka kA nAma hai, isI ne kArikAeM likhiiN| 'sahRdaya' ko kavi mAnane meM pro0 sovAnI ne locana ke ina zabdoM kA sahArA liyA hai : 'sarasvatyAstattvaM kavisahRdayAkhyaM vijayatAt / ' yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki yahA~ sahRdaya kA artha sahRdaya arthAt sAhitya kA Alocaka yA vaha jo hRdaya ke guNoM se yukta hai, ho sakatA hai / 'kavi sahRdaya' kA artha 'sahRdaya' nAma kA kavi nahIM varan kavi evaM sahRdaya vyakti hai| 'sahadaya' ke dvayarthaka hone se kisI nirNaya para nizcayapUrvaka nahIM pahuMcA jA sktaa| kintu 'sahRdaya' nAmaka vyakti dhvani siddhAnta kA pratipAdaka thA isakA jJAna hameM 'abhighAvRtti-bhAtRkA' nAmaka graMtha se, mukula aura usake ziSya pratihArendurAja ke ullekhoM se vidita hotA hai / to kyA 'kArikA' kA lekhaka 'sahRdaya' thaa| rAjazekhara ke ullekhoM se yaha lagatA hai ki Anandavardhana hI kArikAkAra hai aura vRttikAra bhI--arthAt kArikA aura vRtti ke lekhaka eka hI vyakti haiN| udhara pratihArendurAja yaha mAnate hue ki kArikAkAra 'sahRdaya' hai, Age iMgita karate haiM ki vRttikAra bhI 'sahRdaya' hI haiM ? pratihArendurAja ne prAnandavardhana ke eka padya ko 'sahRdaya' kA batAyA hai| udhara 'vakrokti jIvitakAra' ne Anandavardhana ko hI dhvanikAra mAnA hai| samasyA jaTila ho gaIkyA sahRdaya koI vyakti hai ? lagatA hai, yaha vyakti kA nAma hai| taba kyA yahI kArikAkAra hai aura bRttikAra bhI / yA vRttikAra Anandavardhana haiM, aura kyA ve hI kArikAkAra bhI haiM ? kyA kArikAkAra aura vRttikAra eka hI vyakti haiM yA do alaga-alaga vyakti haiM ? isa vivaraNa se yaha vidita hotA hai ki samasyA khar3I hone kA kAraNa hai : 1. kavi ne dhvanyAloka meM kahIM apanA nAma nahIM diyaa| 2. eka zabda 'sahRdaya' dvayarthaka hai-vyakti yA kavi kA nAma bhI ho sakatA hai aura sAmAnya artha bhI isase milatA hai| 3. kisI ne yaha mAnA ki kArikAkAra aura vRttikAra eka hai aura vaha sahRdaya hai; nahIM, vaha aAnandavardhana hai, eka anya mata hai| 4. kisI ne mAnA kArikAkAra bhinna hai aura vRttikAra bhinna hai| ina sabakA ullekha karate hue aura khaNDana-maNDana karate hue kANe mahodaya ne niSkarSataH likhA hai ki : "At present I feel inclined to bold (though with hesitation) that the locana is right and that pratIhArendurAja, mahimabhaTTa, kSemendra and others had not the correct tradition before them. It seems that may was eithers the name or title of the kArikAkAra and that Anandavardhana was his pupil and was very closely associated with him. This would serve to explain the confusion of authorship that arose within a short time. Faint indications of this relationship may be traced in the dhvanyAloka. The word "sahRdaya manaH 1. Kane, P V.-Sahityadarpan (Introdution), p. LX. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #337
kAla nirdhAraNa/303 prItaye' in the first kArikA is explained in the vRtti as 'rAmAyaNamahAbhArata prabhatini lakSye sarvatra prasiddha vyavahAraM lakSayatAM sahRdayAnAmAnando manasi labhatAM pratiSThiAmiti prakAzyate'. It will be noticed that the word prIti is purposely rendered by the double meaning word aAnanda (pleasure and the author Ananda). The whole sentence may have two meanings 'may pleasure find room in the heart of the men of taste etc. and 'may aria (the author) secure regard in the heart of the (respected) ay who defined (the nature of dhvani) to be found in the rAmAyaNa &e'. Similary the words sahRdayodayalAbha mat: in the last verse of the afat may be explained as 'for the sake of the benefit viz. the appearance of man of correct literary taste' or 'for the sake of securing the rise (of the fame) of sahRdaya (the author).1 kANe mahodaya ke ukta avataraNa se spaSTa hai ki vividha sAkSyoM, pramANoM se unheM yahI samIcIna pratIta huA ki 'sahRdaya' aura 'pAnandavardhana' ko alaga-alaga mAne, sahRdaya aura grAnanda meM guru-ziSya jaisA nikaTa-sambandha parikalpita kareM, aura 'sahRdaya' evaM 'prIti' jaise zabdoM ko zleSa mAnakara eka artha ko 'sahRdaya' nAma ke vyakti tathA dUsare ko 'prAnanda' nAma ke vyakti ke lie prayukta maaneN| kavi ne 'sahRdaya' ko dhvanikAra kA nAma nahIM mAnA, 'upAdhi' mAnA hai, kyoMki 'dhvani' meM 'sahRdaya' zabda kA bahula prayoga huA hai, isalie unheM yaha upAdhi dI gii| upAdhi dI gaI yA 'sahRdaya' upAdhi hai isakA koI anya bAhya yA antaraMga pramANa nahIM miltaa| jo bhI ho, isa udAharaNa se kavi-nirdhAraNa viSayaka samasyA aura samAdhAna kI prakriyA kA kucha jJAna hameM hotA hai / kabhI do kaviyoM ke nAma-sAmya ke kAraNa yaha prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai ki amuka kRti kisa kavi kI hai| 'kAla-nirdhAraNa' ke sambandha meM 'bIsaladeva rAso' kA ullekha ho cukA hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha sthApanA kI ki bIsaladeva rAso kA racayitA 'narapati' vahI 'narapati' hai jo gujarAta kA eka kavi hai jisane saM0 1548 I0 tathA 1503 I0 meM do anya granthoM kI racanA kI / ina vidvAnoM ne donoM ko eka mAnane ke lie do aAdhAra liye 1--bhASA kA AdhAra, aura 2-kucha paMktiyoM kA sAmya isa sthApanA ko anya vidvAnoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unake AdhAra ye rahe--- 1--nAma-gujarAtI narapati ne kahIM bhI 'nAhU' zabda apane nAma ke sAtha nahIM ___ jor3A, jaisAki bIsaladeva rAso ke kavi ne kiyA hai / 2-bhASA-bhASA 'bIsaladeva' rAsa kI 16 vIM zatI kI nahIM, 14 vIM zatI kI hai / Kane, P.V.-Sahityadarpan (Introduction), p. LXIV. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #338
304/pANDulipi-vijJAna 3-sAmya-(ka) kucha paMktiyoM meM aisA sAmya hai jo usa yuga ke kitane hI kaviyoM __ meM mila sakatA hai| (kha) jo sAta paMktiyA~ tulanArtha dI gaI haiM, unameM se cAra vastutaH prakSipta aMza kI haiM, zeSa tIna kA sAmya bahuta sAdhAraNa hai, jise yathArtha meM AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| 4-viSaya-bheda--gujarAtI narapati kI donoM racanAe~ jaina dharma sambandhI haiM / ye jaina the, ataH vastu kI prakRti aura kavi ke vizvAsa-kSetra meM spaSTa antara hone se donoM eka nahIM ho sakate / yaha vivAda yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki eka nAma ke kaI kavi ho sakate haiM aura usase kaunasI racanA kisa kavi kI hai, yaha nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| nAma sAmya ke kAraNa kaI bhrAntiyA~ khar3I ho sakatI haiM, yathA-eka 'bhUSaNa' viSayaka samasyA ko udAharaNArtha le sakate haiM : 'bhUSaNa' kavi kA nAma nahIM upAdhi haiM / ataH khojakartAoM ne 'bhUSaNa' kA asalI nAma kyA thA, isa para aTakaleM bhI lgaayiiN| jaba eka vidvAn ko 'muralIdhara kavi bhUSaNa' kI kRtiyA~ milI to unheM bahuta prasannatA huI aura unhoMne ghoSita kiyA ki 'bhUSaNa' kA mUla nAma 'muralIdhara' thA / isa prakAra yaha bhrama prastuta huA ki 'bhUSaNa' aura 'muralIdhara kavi bhUSaNa' donoM eka haiM / taba antaraMga aura bAhya sAkSya se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki donoM kavi bhinna haiM / kyoM bhinna haiM, usake kAraNa tulanApUrvaka nimnalikhita batAye gaye haiM : mahAkavi bhUSaNa __ muralIdhara kavi bhUSaNa 1. inake pitA kA nAma ratnAkara hai| 1. inake pitA kA nAma rAmezvara hai| 2. inakA sthAna trivikramapura (tikavAMpura) 2. inhoMne sthAna kA nAma nahIM diyA / _hai tathA guru kA nAma dharanIdhara thaa| 3. inake AzrayadAtA hRdayarAma suta rudra ne 3. inake AzrayadAtA devIsiMha deva ne inheM inheM 'bhUSaNa' kI upAdhi dii| "kula 'kavi bhUSaNa' kI upAdhi dii| sUlaMka citrakUTa pati sAhasa zIla smudr| kavi bhUSaNa padavI daI hRdayarAma suta rudra / " (zivarAja bhuussnn)| 4. inake eka prAzrayadAtA zivAjI the| 4. inake eka AzrayadAtA hRdayazAha gar3hA dhipati the| 5. inhoMne kevala alaMkAra grantha likhA 5. inhoMne rasa, alaMkAra aura piMgala tInoM jisakA varNya itanA alaMkAra nahIM para racanA kii| piMgala ko inhoMne jitanA zivarAja kA yazavarNana thaa| kRSNa-carita banA diyA hai| 6. inakA racanA-kAla 1730 ke lagabhaga 6. inakA racanA-kAla 1700-1723 hai| 7. inakI bhanitA hai 'bhUSaNa bhanata' aura adhikAMNa inhoMne isI rUpa meM yA kevala bhUSaNa nAma se chApa dI hai| 7. inhoMne 'kavibhUSaNa' chApa bahudhA dI haiN| kabhI-kabhI kevala 'bhUSaNa' chApa bhI hai, 'bhanata' zabda kA prayoga sambhavataH nahIM kiyaa| 8. inhoMne apane samasta granthoM ko 'prakAza' nAma diyaa| 8. inhoMne apane granthoM ko 'bhUSaNa' nAma diyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #339
mahAkavi bhUSaraNa 9. inakI prApta sabhI racanA vIrarasa kI haiM / 11. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAla nirdhAraNa / 305 muralIdhara kavi bhUSaraNa 9. inakI racanA meM zRMgAra aura kRSNacarita kA prAdhAnya hai / 10. racanA adhyAya anta kI kathA yA graMtha ke anta kI puSpikA bahuta sAmAnya haiM, ataH 'kavibhUSaraNa' kI paddhati se bilkula bhinna hai / ye zivAjI ke bhakta the, zivAjI ko avatAra mAnane vAle / koI-koI kRti kisI kavi vizeSa ke nAma se racI gaI hotI haiM para usa kavi kA aitihAsika astitva kahIM na milane para yaha kaha diyA jAtA hai ki yaha nAma hI banAvaTI haiM / pRthvIrAja rAso ko aprAmANika, 16vIM - 17vIM zatI kA aura prakSipta mAnane ke lie jaba vidvAn cala par3e to, yaha bhI kisI ne kaha diyA ki itihAsa se kisI aise canda kA patA nahIM calatA jo pRthvIrAja jaise samrATa kA la~goTiyA yAra rahA ho aura pRthvIrAja para aisA prabhAva rakhatA ho, jaisA rAsau se vidita hotA hai aura jo siddha kavi haiM / ataH yaha nAma mAtra kisI catura kI kalpanA kA hI phala haiM, kintu eka jaina graMtha meM candabaradAyI ke kucha chanda mila gaye to muni jinavijaya jI ne yaha mithyA dhAraNA candabaradAyI kA astitva vo bAhya sAkSya se siddha ho gyaa| huA hai| khaNDita kara dI / to aba rAso phira bhI khaTAI meM par3A 10. inakI puSpikAoM meM prAzrayadAtA kA vizada varNana tathA apane pUre nAma muralIdhara kavi bhUSaraNa ke sAtha pitA ke nAma kA bhI ullekha hai / 11. ye kRSNa-bhakta the / isI prakAra kI samasyA taba khar3I hotI hai jaba eka kavi ke kaI nAma milate haiMjaise mahAkavi sUradAsa ke sUrasAgara ke padoM meM 'sUradAsa' 'sUrazyAma', 'sUraja', 'sUrasvAmI' Adi kaI chApeM milatI haiN| kyA ye chApeM eka hI kavi kI haiM, yA alaga-alaga chApa vAle pada alaga-alaga kaviyoM ke haiM / yadyapi Aja vidvAn prAyaH yahI mAnate haiM ki ye sabhI chApe 'sUradAsa' kI haiM, phira bhI, yaha samasyA to hai hI aura inheM eka kavi kI ho chApeM mAnane ke lie pramANa aura tarka to dene hI par3ate haiM / 'naladamana' nAmaka eka kAvya ko bhI sUradAsa kA likhA bahuta samaya taka mAnA gayA, kintu bAda meM jaba yaha grantha prApta ho gayA taba vidita huA ki isake lekhaka sUradAsa sUphI haiM, aura mahAkavi sUradAsa se kucha zatAbdI bAda meM hue / aba yaha grantha ka0 muM0 hindI tathA bhASA - vijJAna vidyApITha, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA se prakAzita bhI ho gayA hai / ataH hamane dekhA ki kitane hI prakAra se 'kavi' kauna hai yA kaunasA hai kI samasyA bhI pAMDulipi - vijJAnArthI ke liye mahattvapUrNa hai / eka aura prakAra se yaha samasyA sAmane prAtI hai : kavi rAjyAzraya meM yA kisI anya vyakti ke Azraya meM hai / grantha racanA kavi svayaM karatA hai, para usa kRti para nAma - chApa apane AzrayadAtA kI detA / isake kAraNa yaha nirdhAraNa karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| ki vastutaH usakA racanAkAra kauna hai ? For Private and Personal Use Only udAharaNa ' ke liye 'zRMgAramaMjarI' grantha hai, kucha loga ise 'cintAmariNa' kavi kI racanA mAnate haiM, kucha unake prAzrayadAtA 'bar3e sAhiba' prakabara sAhi kI / isa sambandha meM 1. satyendra ( DaoN0 ) --braja sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 366 /

Page #340
306/pANDulipi-vijJAna braja sAhitya ke itihAsa se ye paMktiyA~ uddhRta karanA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / / "kucha vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki yaha zRMgAramaMjarI bar3e sAhiba akabara sAhi kI likhI huI hai, kyoMki pustaka ke bIca-bIca meM bar3e sAhiba kA ullekha hai, parantu dhyAna se dekhane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki yaha grantha cintAmaNi ne bar3e sAhiba akabara sAhi ke liye likhA / isake anta kA udAharaNa hai : 'iti zrImAn mahArAjadhirAja mukuTataTaghaTita mani prabhArAjinI rAjita caraNarAjIvasAhirAja gururAja tanuja bar3e sAhiba ke akabara sAhi viracitA zrRMgAra maMjarI samAptA / " nizcaya hai ki lekhaka svayaM apane lie isa prakAra se vizeSaNa nahIM likha sakatA thaa| ye vizeSaraNa bar3e sAhiba ke lie 'cintAmaNi' ne hI prayukta kiye hoMge / 'zRMgAra maMjarI' ke prArambhika chaMdoM meM 'cintAmaNi' kA nAma bhI AyA hai, yathA : sohata hai santata vibudhana mauM maMDita kahe kavi cintAmani saba siddhina ko gharu / pUrana ke lAkha abhilASa saba logani ke jAke paMcasAkha sadA lAnata kanaka jharu / / sundara sarUpa sadA sumana manohara hai jAke darasana jaga nainani ko tApaharu / / . pIra pAtasAhi sAhirAja ratnAkara te prakaTita bhaye haiM bar3e sAhiba kalpataru / inhIM bar3e sAhiba ko 'zRMgAra maMjarI' ke racayitA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate hue cintAmaNi ne likhA hai "gurupada kamala bhagati moda magana ha suvarana jugala javAhira khacata hai" "nija mata aisI" "bhA~ti thApita karata jAte aurani ke mata laghu lAgata lacata hai" / "sakala pravIna grantha lapani vicAri kahe cintAmaNi rasa ke samUhana sacata hai"| "sAhirAja nanda bar3e sAhiba rasikarAja 'zRMgAra maMjarI' grantha rUcira racata hai" / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha grantha bar3e sAhiba ke liye unake nAma para cintAmaNi ne hI likhA / apane AzrayadAtA ke nAma se grantha prArambha aura samApta karane kI paripATI usa samaya pracalita thii| DaoN0 nagendra kI mAnyatA hai ki "yaha grantha bar3e sAhiba ne mUlataH AMdhra kI bhASA meM racA, phira saMskRta meM anUdita huaa| usakI chAyA para cintAmaNi ne rcaa|" yaha bhI sambhava hai| aise hI yaha prazna uThA hai ki 'mamArikha' aura 'mubAraka' chApa vAle kavi do haiM yA eka hI haiM' / eka hI padya meM eka saMgraha meM 'mumArikha' kA prayoga huA hai aura dUsare saMgraha meM eka chApa hai 'mubAraka' to yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki donoM nAma eka hI ke haiN| 'mubAraka' hI uccAraNa-bheda se 'mumArakha', yA 'mamArikha' ho gayA hai, kintu ukta pramANa apane ApameM prabala nahIM hai| kucha aura bhI pramANa DhUMDhane hoMge ki tarka akATya ho jAya / pUraka kRtittva meM bhI kavi viSayaka bhrAnti ho sakatI hai| ___ caturbhujadAsa kRta 'madhumAlatI' meM do pUraka kRtittva huye haiM : 1-mAghava nAma ke kavi dvArA, 2-goyama (gautama) kavi dvArA / pUraka kRtittva meM kisI pUrva ke yA prAcIna grantha meM kisI kavi ko koI kamI dikhAI 1. satyendra, (DaoN.) braja sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 249 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #341
kAla nirdhAraNa/307 par3atI hai to vaha usakI pUrti karane ke lie apanI ora se kucha prasaMga bar3hA detA hai, aura isakA ullekha bhI vaha kahIM yA puSpikA meM kara detA hai / goyama kavi ne usa prasaMga kA ullekha kara diyA hai, jo usane jor3e haiM, ataH usake kRtittva ko 'caturbhujadAsa' ke kRtittva se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura yaha nirdeza kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kisa aMza kA kavi kauna hai| para 'prakSepoM' ke sambandha meM yaha batAnA sambhava nhiiN| prakSepa ve aMza hote haiM jo koI anya kRtikAra kisI prasiddha grantha meM kisI prayojana se bar3hA detA hai aura apanA nAma nahIM detA / Aja pAThAlocana kI vaijJAnika prakriyA se prakSepoM ko alaga to kiyA jA sakatA hai, para yaha batAnA asambhava hI lagatA hai vaha aMza kisa kavi ne jor3e haiN| kabhI-kabhI eka aura prakAra se kavi-nirdhAraNa sambandhI samasyA uTha khar3I hotI hai / vaha sthiti yaha hai ki racanAkAra kA nAma to milatA nahIM para lipikAra ne apanA nAma Adi puSpikA meM vistAra se diyA hai| kabhI-kabhI lipikAra ko hI kRtikAra samajhane kA bhrama ho jAtA hai, ataH lipikAra kauna hai aura kRtikAra kauna hai, isa sambandha meM nirNaya karane ke lie grantha kI sabhI puSpikAnoM ko bahuta dhyAnapUrvaka dekhanA hogA tathA anya pramANoM kI bhI sahAyatA lenI hogii| kabhI mUla pATha meM Aye kavi nAma kA artha saMdigdha rahatA hai| yadyapi eka paramparA usakA aisA artha svIkAra kara letI hai, jo zabda se siddha nahIM hotA, yathA-'sandeza rAsaka meM kavi kA nAma 'addahamAraNa' diyA huA hai, 'sandezarAsaka' kI do saMskRta TIkAoM meM addahamAna kA 'abdularahamAna' mUla rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| unake pAsa kavi ko 'abdularahamAna' mAnane kA kyA prAdhAra thA, yaha vidita nahIM / zabda svayaM isa nAma ko saMketita karane meM bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se kucha asamartha hai / abdula kA 'adda' aura rahamAna kA 'hamANa' kaise huA hogA / DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ko yaha TippaNI denI par3I hai-'kintu yahA~ bhI kavi ne zabda gaThana meM kucha svatantratA kA paricaya diyA hai| abdula rahamAna meM rahamAna mukhya pada hai / isameM se prArambha ke akSara ko chor3anA ucita nahIM thaa|' DaoN0 dvivedI ne yaha TippaNI yahI mAna kara kI hai ki saMskRta TIkAkAroM ne jo nAma sujhAyA hai 'abdula rahamAna' vaha ThIka hai| kavi apane nAma ke sAtha bhI zleSa ke moha se khilavAr3a kara sakatA hai aura usako koI vikRta rUpa de sakatA hai, yaha kucha adhika jacane vAlI bAta nahIM lgtii| ho sakatA hai 'addahamANa' 'abdularahamAna' na hokara kucha aura nAma ho / samasyA to yaha hai hii| kucha ne ise samasyA hI mAnA hai, para kyoMki koI aura upayukta samAdhAna sapramANa nahIM hai, ataH lakIra pITI jA rahI hai ? to pATha kA rUpa hI aisA ho sakatA hai ki yA to kavi kA nAma ThIka prakAra se nikAlA hI na jA sake, yA jo nikAlA jAya vaha pUrNataH saMtoSaprada na ho to Age anusaMdhAna kI apekSA rahatI hai| isI prakAra kisI kAvya kI kavi ne spaSTa rUpa se koI puSpikA na dI ho, jisameM kavi-paricaya ho yA kavi kA nAma hI ho, to bhI kavi kA nAma usakI chApa se jAnA jA sakatA hai, para aisI bhI kRtiyA~ ho sakatI haiM, jinameM kucha zabda isa rUpa meM prayukta hue hoM ki ve nAma-chApa se lageM; udAharaNArtha 'basanta vilAsa' meM kavi ne prArambha kiyA hai ki maiM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #342
308 / pANDulipi - vijJAna pahale sarasvatI kI arcanA karatA hU~ phira 'basanta vilAsa' kI racanA karatA hU~, para kahIM apanA nAma yA apanI nAma chApa nahIM dI / kintu do zabda kucha isa rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM ki unheM nAma chApa bhI mAna liyA jA sakatA hai| eka hai 'tribhuvana', dUsarA 'guNavanta' / DaoN0 gupta dvArA sampAdita grantha meM saMkhyA 3 ke chanda meM basanta taraNA guraNa mahamahyA savi sahakAra / tribhuvana jaya jayakAra pikArava karaI apAra || chaMda - 17 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bani bilasaI zrI nandana candana canda cu mIta / rati anai prItisiuM sohae mohae tribhuvana cItu / / " ina donoM chaMdoM meM 'tribhuvana' kavi kI nAma chApa jaisA lagatA hai, kyoMki isakI yahA~ anya sArthakatA vizeSa nhiiN| 'tribhuvana' zabda yahA~ bhI na ho to bhI artha pUrA milatA hai / pahale meM 'kokila jayajayakAra' kara rahA hai se artha pUrA ho jAtA hai / tribhuvana yA tInoM lokoM meM jaya-jayakAra kara rahA hai, se koI vizeSa abhiprAya prakaTa nahIM hotA isI prakAra dUsare chaMda meM 'citta ko mohatA' hai se artha pUrNa hai / 'tribhuvana' kA 'citta mohatA' hai meM 'tribhuvana' kavi chApa se sArthakatA rakhatA pratIta hotA hai, 'tInoM lokoM kA citta mohita karatA hai' yA mohita hotA hai meM koI vaiziSTya nahIM lagatA / isI prakAra antima 84 veM chanda meM 'guraNavanta' zabda AyA hai : iriNa pari sAha ti rIjhavI sIjhavI AraNaI ThAMi dhana-dhana te guNavanta basanta vilAsu je gAI || isameM antima paMkti kA yaha artha adhika sArthaka lagatA hai ki guNavanta nAmaka kavi kahatA hai ki ve dhanya haiM jo basanta vilAsa gAyeMge / isakA yaha artha karanA ki 've guNavanta jo basanta vilAsa gAyeMge dhanya hoMge' utanA samIcIna nahIM lagatA kyoMki 'guNavanta' zabda ke isa artha meM koI vaiziSTya nahIM pratIta hotA hai / yadi yaha basanta - vilAsa kA antima chanda mAnA jAye, jaisA DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne mAnA hai, to kAvyAnta meM guNavanta kavi kI chApa ho, yaha sambhAvanA aura bar3ha jAtI hai| yaha prastAvika ukti (Hypothesis) hI hai : kyoMki * 1. kisI anya vidvAn ne inheM nAma chApa ke liye svIkAra nahIM kiyA / isake racanAkAra kavi kA nAma socane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA / 2. 'nAma' ke atirikta jo isa zabda kA artha hotA hai vaha artha utanA sArthaka bhale 1. gupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN0) basaMta vilAsa aura usakI bhASA, pR0 19 2. vahI pR0 21 3. vahI pR0 29 hI na ho, para artha detA hai hI / 3. Upara jo tarka diye gaye haiM unakI puSTi meM kucha aura Thosa tarka tathA pramANa hone cAhiye / 'tribhuvana' yA 'guNavanta' nAma ke kaviyoM kI vizeSa khoja karanI hogI / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #343
kAla nirdhAraNa 309 isa prakAra kevala kAla-nirNaya ke sambandha meM hI samasyAeM nahIM khar3I hotI 'kavinirdhAraNa' ke sambandha meM bhI uThatI haiN| isa samasyA ke bhI kitane hI pakSa hote haiN| unameM se kucha para hamane udAharaNa sahita kucha prakAza DAlA hai| sabhI udAharaNa isa kSetra ke kAryakartAoM aura vidvAnoM se hI liye gaye haiM / pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko apanI pratibhA se isa dizA meM upayogI kArya karanA hogA, aura usako kAla-nirNaya aura kavi-nirNaya kI samasyA ke lie aura adhika Thosa vaijJAnika prAdhAra nirmita karane hoMge / isa adhyAya meM jitanA isa samasyA para udAharaNArtha kucha granthoM ke maMthana kA sahArA liyA gayA hai, Thosa siddhAntoM taka pahu~cane ke lie use aura bhI adhika granthoM kA maMthana karanA hogaa| [40 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #344
pradhyAya zabda aura artha kI samasyA pANDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi se aba taka jo carcAeM huI haiM ve mahattvapUrNa haiM, isameM mandeha nahIM / para, ye sabhI prayatna pANDulipi kI mUla-samasyA athavA usake mUla-rUpa taka pahu~cane ke lie sopAnoM kI bhA~ti the| pANDulipi kA lekhana, lipyAsana, lipi, kAla yA kavi mAtra se sambandha nahIM, usakA mUla to grantha ke zabdArthoM meM hai, ataH 'zabda aura artha' pANDulipi meM yathArthataH sabase adhika mahattva rakhate haiN| zabda aura artha meM zabda bhI eka sopAna hI haiM / yaha sopAna hI hameM kRtakAra ke artha taka pahuMcAtA hai / zabda ke kaI prakAra ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| zabda bheda ___ eka bheda hai : rUr3ha, yaugika tathA yogarUr3ha / yaha bheda zabda ke dvArA artha-pradAna kI prakriyA ko prakaTa karatA hai / ye prakriyAe~ tIna prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM : rUr3ha-zabda kA eka mUla rUpa mAnanA hogA, yaha mUla zabde kucha artha rakhatA hai, aura usa zabda ke mUla rUpa ke sAtha yaha artha 'rUr3ha' ho gayA hai| sAmAnyataH isa zabda-rUpa se milane vAle rUr3ha artha ke sambandha meM koI prazna nahIM uThatA ki 'ghor3A' jo artha detA hai, kyoM detA hai ? 'ghor3A' zabda-rUpa kA jo artha hameM milatA hai, vaha rUr3ha hai kyoMki ina donoM kA abhinna sambandha na jAne kaba se isI prakAra kA rahA hai, ataH zabda ke sAtha usakA artha paramparA yA rUr3hi se sarvamAnya ho gayA hai / isI prakAra 'vidyA' bhI rUr3ha zabda hai aura 'bala' bhI vaisA hI kintu 'vidyAbala', 'vidyArthI', 'vidyAlaya' Adi zabdoM ke artha meM prakriyA kucha bhinna hai| yahA~ rUr3ha zabda to hai hI para eka se adhika aise zabda paraspara mila gaye haiM, inakA yoga ho gayA hai, ataH ye yaugika ho gaye haiN| inameM se pratyeka zabda apane rUDha artha ke sAtha paraspara milA hai, aura ye paraspara milakara yAnI 'yaugika' hokara arthAbhivyakti ko vaiziSTya pradAna karate haiM / 'vidyA-bala' se usa zakti kA artha hameM milatA hai jo vidyA meM antanihita hai. aura vidyA meM se vidyA ke dvArA prakaTa ho rahA hai| tIsarI prakriyA meM do yA adhika zabda paraspara isa prakAra kA yoga karate haiM ki unake dvArA jo artha milatA hai, vaha nirmAyaka zabdoM ke rUDhArthoM se bhinna hotA huA bhI, rUpa meM yaugika usa zabda ko, eka alaga rUDhArtha pradAna karatA hai, yathA jalaje zabda jala+ja (= utpanna) do zabdoM kA 'yaugika' hai, yaugika artha meM jala se utpanna sabhI vastueM, machalI, mIpa, mUMgA, motI, isase sAMketika hoMgI, kintu isakA artha 'kamala' nAma kA puSpa vizeSa hotA hai| usakA yaha artha isa zabda ke rUpa ke sAtha rUr3ha ho gayA hai| jala+ja kA artha jala se utpanna motI, sIpa, ghoMghe, sevAra prAdi sabhI grAhya hoM to zabda yaugika rahegA para kevala puSpa vizeSa se isakA artha rUr3hi ne bA~dha diyA hai, ataH ise 'yogarUr3ha' kahA jAtA hai / zabda ke ye bheda artha-prakriyA ko samajhane meM sahAyaka ho sakate haiM, para ye bheda For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #345
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/311 - pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ke lie sIdhe-sIdhe upayogI nahIM haiM, aura pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi me sIdhe-sIdhe ye bheda koI samasyA nahIM uThAte / Adhunika bhASA-vaijJAnikoM ke lie pratyeka bheda samasyAoM se yukta hai / 'zabda' kA rUpa aura usake sAtha artha kI rUr3hatA svayaM eka mamasyA hai| phira vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se saMjJA, sarvanAma, kriyA grAdi ke bheda bhI hameM yahA~ iSTa nahIM, kyoMki inakA kSetra bhASA aura usakA zAstra hai| zabdoM ke bheda vividha zAstroM ke anusAra aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra kiye jAte haiM / yahA~ saMkSepa meM ina vividha bhedoM kI saMketa rUpa meM eka tAlikA de denA upayogI hogA / ye isa prakAra haiM :zAstra evaM viSaya zabda-bheda 1. vyAkaraNa, racanA evaM gaThana 1. rUr3ha, 2. yogika, (aMtaHkendrita) evaM 3. ___ yogarUr3ha (bahiHkendrita) 2. vyAkaraNa : bhASA-vijJAna 1. samAsa zabda, 2. punarukta zabda, 3. anubanAvaTa karaNa mulaka, 4. anargala zabda, 5. anuvAda yugma zabda, 6. pratidhvanyAtmaka zabda / .. vyAkaraNa+bhASA-vijJAna : zabda 1. tatsama, 2. arddha-tatsama, 3. tadbhava, vikAsa 4. dezaja, 5. videshii| 4. vyAkaraNa : koTigata (ka) 1. nAma, 2. AkhyAta, 3. upasarga, 4. nipAta / koTigata (zabdabheda) (kha) 1. saMjJA, 2. sarvanAma, 3. vizeSaNa, 4. kriyA, 5. kriyA vizleSaNa, 6. samuccaya bodhaka, 7. sambandha sUcaka, 8. vismayAdi bodhk| 5. prayoga sImA ke AdhAra para 1. kAvya zAstrIya, 2. saMgItazAstrIya (vizeSataH pAribhASika) 3. saundaryazAstrIya, 4. jyotiSazAstrIya Adi viSaya smbndhii| 6. artha-vijJAna 1. samAnArthI (paryAyavAcI), 2. ekArthavAcI, 3. nAnArthavAcI (anekArthI), 4.samAna rUpI, bhinnArthavAcI (zleSArthI) Adi / 7. kAvya-zAstra vAcaka, lakSaka aura vyaMjaka hamArA kSetra hai pAMDulipi meM Aye yA likhe gaye zabda, jo likhe gaye vAkya ke aza haiM, aura jinase milakara hI vividha vAkya banate haiM, jinakI eka vRhad zrRMkhalA hI grantha banA detI hai / grantha racanA meM prayukta zabdAvalI nizcaya hI sArthaka hotI hai / artha-grahaNa zabda-rUpa para nirbhara karatA hai, jaise-zabda ho, 'mAnusa' hoM to' to inakA artha hogA ki 'yadi maiM manuSya For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #346
312 pANDulipi-vijJAna hoU~' aura yadi zabda-rUpa ho, mAnu sahI to' to artha hogA ki' 'yadi maiM mAna (rUThane ko 1 2 3 4 5 sahana karu to isase spaSTa hai ki akSarAvalI donoM meM bilkula eka-sI hai : 'mA nu sa hoM toN'| kevala zabda rUpa khar3e karane se bhinnatA AI hai / pahale pATha meM 1, 2, 3 akSaroM ko eka zabda mAnA gayA hai aura '3' bhI svatantra zabda hai aura 4 bhI, dUsare pATha meM zabda-rUpa banAne meM 1+2 ko eka zabda, 3+4 ko dUsarA, 5 ko svatantra zabda pUrvavat / phalataH pahale pATha meM jo zabda-rUpa banAe gae, unase eka artha milaa| unhIM akSaroM se dUsare pATha meM anya zabda-rUpa khar3e kiye gaye jisase usa akSarAvalI kA artha badala gayA / isa udAharaNa se atyanta spaSTa hai ki artha kA AdhAra 'zabda-rUpa' hai / 'zabda-rUpa' meM mUla AdhAra 'akSarayoga' hai, ye akSara-yoga hameM lipikAra yA lekhaka dvArA likhe gaye pRSTho se milate haiN| pANDulipi meM zabda-bheda hama nimna prakAra kara sakate hai : 1. milita zabda isameM zabda apanA rUpa alaga nahIM rakhate / eka-dUsare se milate hue pUrI paMkti ko eka hI zabda banA dete haiM, aisA prAyaH pAMDulipi-lekhana kI prAcIna praNAlI ke phalasvarUpa hotA hai, yathA "mAnusahoMtovahIMsakhA navasauMmiligokulagopaguvArani" / ___ isameM se zabda-rUpa khar3e karanA pAThaka kA kAma rahatA hai aura vaha apanI taraha se zabda khar3e kara sakatA hai : yathA-mAnu' sa.' tova' hIra' sakhAna'........Adi zabda hoMgeM yA 'mAnusa' hoM' to' vahIM rasakhAna........Adi zabda hogeM / milita zabdoM se pAThaka unheM apane DhaMga se 'bhaMga' karake mukta zabdoM kA rUpa de sakatA hai aura apanI taraha se artha nikAla sakatA hai| 2. vikRta zabda (a) mAtrA vikRta (ba) akSara vikRta (sa) vibhakta akSara vikRti yukta (da) yuktAkSara vikRti yukta (ta) ghasITAkSara vikRti yukta (tha) alaMkaraNa nirbhara vikRti yukta 3. nava rUpAkSarayukta zabda 4. luptAkSarI zabda 5. pAgamAkSarI (6. viparyAkSarI zabda 7. saMketAkSarI zabda (Abbreviated Words) 8. viziSTArthI zabda (Technical Expression)1 1. Sircar, D. C. Indian Epigraphy P. 327. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #347
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/313 9. saMkhyAvAcaka zabda 10. vartanIcyuta zabda 11. bhramAt sthAnApanna zabda 12. aparicita zabda pAMDulipi ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hamane jo zabda-bheda nirdhArita kiye haiM ve Upara die gae haiM / kisI grantha ke artha taka pahuMcane ke lie hamane zabda ko ikAI mAnA hai / inameM se bahuta-se zabda vikRti ke pariNAma ho sakate haiM / pAThAlocaka inakA vicAra apanI taraha se karatA hai| usa para pAThAlocana vAle adhyAya meM likhA jA cukA hai / para DaoN. candrabhAna rAvata ne isa viSaya para jo prakAza DAlA hai, use ina zabda bhedoM ke antaraMga ko samajhane ke lie, yahA~ de denA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / _ "mudraNa-pUrva-yuga meM pustakeM hastalikhita hotI thiiN| mUla prati kI kAlAntara meM pratilipiyA~ hotI thIM / pratilipikAra prAdarza yA mUla-pATha kI yathAvat pratilipi nahIM kara sakatA / aneka kAraNoM se pratilipi meM kucha pATha sambandhI vikRtiyAM pA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / ina azuddhiyoM ke staroM ko cIrate hue mUla Adarza-pATha taka pahu~canA hI pAThAnusandhAna kA lakSya hotA hai| vikRtiyoM kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI jA sakatI hai : uma samasta pAThoM ko vikRta-pATha kI saMjJA dI jAyegI jinake mUla lekhaka dvArA likhe hone kI kisI prakAra kI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura jo lekhaka kI bhASA, zailI aura vicAradhArA meM pUrNatayA viparIta par3ate haiN| ina azuddhiyoM ke kAraNa hI pAThAnusandhAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / isa prakriyA ke ye sopAna ho sakate haiM : 1. mUla lekhaka kI bhASA, zailI aura vicAradhArA se paricaya, 2. isa jJAna ke prakAza meM azuddhiyoM kA parIkSaNa, 3. ina sambhAvita azuddhiyoM kA parIkSaNa, 4. pATha-nirmANa, 5. pATha-sudhAra tathA 6. Adarza-pATha kI sthApanA pATa-vikRtiyoM ke mUla kAraNoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai : ( srotagata : mUla pATha vikRta ho| ( sAmagrIgata : panne phaTe hoM, akSara aspaSTa hoN| ___ 1. bAhya vikRtiyA~ ( kramagata : pannoM kA krama niyojana doSapUrNa ho yA chandakrama ( dUSita ho / (eka se adhika srota hoN| 1. anusaMdhAna-pR0 269-271. 2. varmA, vimaleza kAnti-pATha vikRtiyAM aura pATha mambandhI nirdhAraNa meM unakA mahatva-pariSada patrikA ___ (varSa 3, aMka 4) pR. 48. 3. Encyclopaedia Britanica-Postgate Essay. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #348
314/pANDulipi-vijJAna (pratilipikAra kI asAvadhAnI / 2. aMtaraMga vikRtiyA~ : (pratilipikAra kA bhrama : prakSepa, varNabhrama, aGkabhrama / . (pratilipikAra kA apanA Adarza aura sahI karane kI icchA / ___ kucha azuddhiyA~ dRSTi-prasAda ke kAraNa ho sakatI haiM aura kucha manovaijJAnika / dRSTi-pramAda meM pAThyahrAsa, pAThyavRddhi aura pATha-parivartana pAte haiM / manovaijJAnika meM prAdarza ke anusAra mUla pATha kI azuddhiyoM ko samajhakara unako sudhArane kI pravRtti pAtI hai / hAla ne ina para eka aura prakAra se vicAra kiyA hai| inhoMne pATha vikRtiyoM ke tIna bheda kiye haiM : bhrama tathA nivAraNa ke upAya, pATha-hrAsa aura pATha-vRddhi / bhrama 13 prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM : samAna-akSara sambandhI bhrama, sAdRzya ke kAraNa zabdoM kA galata likhA jAnA, saMkocoM kI azuddha vyAkhyA, galata ekIkaraNa, athavA galata pRthakkaraNa, zabda-rUpoM kA samIkaraNa aura samIpavartI racanA ko Azraya denA, akSara yA vAkya-vyatyaya, saMskRta kA prAkRta meM yA prAkRta kA saMskRta meM galata DhaMga se pratilipita honA, uccAraNa-parivartana ke kAraNa azuddhi, aMka-bhrama, vyaktivAcaka saMjJAoM meM bhrama, aparicita zabdoM ke sthAna para paricita zabdoM kA prayoga, prAcIna zabdoM ke sthAna para navIna zabdoM kA prayoga tathA prakSepa athavA ajJAta bhAva se kI gaI bhUloM kA sudhaar| pATha-hAsa meM zabdoM kA lopa pAtA hai| yaha lopa sAdhAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai aura Adi-anta ke sAmya ke kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai| pAThavRddhi meM (1) paravartI athavA pArzvavartI sandarbha ke kAraNa punarAvRtti, (2) paMktiyoM ke bIca athavA hAziye para likhe pATha kA samAveza, (3) mizrita pAThAntara athavA (4) sadRza lekha ke prabhAva ke kAraNa vRddhi / anusandhAna ke isa kSetra meM DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta kA sthAna AdhikArika hai / unhoMne vikRtiyoM ke ATha prakAra mAne haiM : (1) saceSya pATha vikRti, (2) lipi-janita, (3) bhASA-janita, (4) chanda-janita, (5) pratilipi-janita, (6) lekhana-sAmagrI-janita, (7) prakSepa-janita aura (8) pAThAntara-janita / lipikAra ke dvArA saceSTa pATha-vikRti meM apane jJAna aura tarka se saMzodhana karane kI pravRtti hI hai| anya sabhI kathita prakAra svayaM spaSTa hai / bhASA janita bhramoM meM zabdoM kA anupayukta prayoga, tadbhava zabdoM ko saMskAra-zodha ke uddezya se tatsama rUpa denA aura AvazyakatAnusAra bhASA ko pariniSThita banAne kA udyoga karanA pAte haiN| Upara hamane jo zabda bheda diye haiM, unake nAma se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pAMDulipi ke samparka meM Ane para anya bAtoM ke sAtha lipi kI samasyA hala ho jAne para pAMDulipi vijJAnArthI ko pAMDulipi kI bhASA se paricita honA hotA hai, aura usake lie pahalI 'ikAI' zabda hai, pAMDulipi meM zabda hameM kina rUpoM meM mila sakate haiM, unhIM ko ina bhedoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ye zabda-bheda pAMDulipi ko samajhane ke lie Avazyaka haiM, ataH Avazyaka hai ki ina bhedoM ko kucha vistAra se samajha liyA jAya / 1. Hall, F. W.-Companion to Classical Test zrI mithineza kAnti varmA, pariSad patrikA (varSa 3, aGka4), pR.50 para uddhata / anusandhAna kI prkriyaa| 2. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #349
zabda aura artha kI samasyA / 315 milita zabdoM ke sambandha meM kucha vistAra se Arambha meM hI diyA gayA hai / milita zabdoM meM pahalI samasyA zabda ke yathArtha rUpa ko nirdiSTa karanA hai arthAt Upara diye gaye udAharaNa meM yaha nirdiSTa karanA hogA ki 'mAnu sahoM' yA 'mAnusa hoM' meM se kavi ko abhipreta zabdAvalI kaunasI ho sakatI hai / isake lie pUre caraNa ko hI nahIM, pUre pada ko zabdoM meM sthApita karanA hogA, aura taba pUre sandarbha meM zabda rUpa kA nirdhAraNa karanA hogA / isa prakriyA meM bhaMga-pada aura abhaMga pada - zleSa ko bhI dRSTi meM rakhanA hogA / milita zabdAvalI meM se ThIka zabda rUpoM ko na pakar3ane ke kAraNa artha meM kaThinAI par3egI hI / yahA~ isake kucha udAharaNa aura denA samIcIna hogA / 'navIna' kavi kRta 'prabodha sudhAsara' ke chanda 901 ke eka caraNa meM 'zabda-rUpa' yoM graharaNa kiye gaye haiM: 'tU to pUje A~kha tale vaha tanakhata le' 'zabda rUpa dene vAle ko pUre sandarbha kA dhyAna na rahA / milita zabdAvalI se ye zabda-rUpa yoM graharaNa kiye jAne cAhiye the' 'tU tau pUje prAkhata le' Adi / zrakha tale se artha nahIM milatA / prAkhata = prakSata = cAvala se artha ThIka banatA hai / sAtha hI, kisI zabda kA rUpa bhautika kAraNoM se kSata-vikSata huA hai to usakI pUrti karanI hotI hai / zilA para hone se koI cippaTa ukhar3a jAne se athavA kisI sthala ke ghisa jAne se' kAgaja phaTa jAne se, dImaka dvArA khA liye jAne se athavA anya kisI kAraNa se zabda rUpa kSata-vikSata ho sakatA hai / isa sthiti meM pUre pATha kI parikalpanA kara zabda ke kSatAMza kI pUrti karanI hogI / aise prastAvita yA anumAnita zabdAMza ko koSThakoM meM ( ) rakha diyA jAtA hai : udAharaNa ke lie 'rAulavela' kI paMktiyA~ dI jA sakatI haiM : pahalI paMkti (1) roDe rAula bela bakhAraNA jai namaH sidha ***** (2) (3) i AyaNu ja (4) jA jemba jANai so temba vakhAraNai / hAse to se rAjai rAraNai (5) (6) ........ Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (7) dUsarI paMkti bhA (8) u bhAva i itane se aMza meM arthAt pahalI paMkti aura dUsarI paMkti ke Arambha meM 8 sthala aise haiM jo kSata haiM / aba pATha-nirmANa kI dRSTi se (1) para (UM) kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / (2) ke sthAna para ( bhyaH ||) rakhA jA sakatA hai / saMkhyA 3 ke kSata sthAna kI pUrti meM kalpanA sahAyaka nahIM ho pAtI hai, ataH ise bindu ........ lagAkara hI chor3a diyA jAyegA / 4 ke khAlI sthAna para ja ke sAtha (pI) ThIka baiThatA hai| 5 kA aMza pUre upavAkya kA hogA, isI prakAra saMkhyA 6 kA bhI inakI pUrti ke lie / zabdoM taka bhI kalpanA se nahIM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #350
316/pANDulipi-vijJAna pahu~cA jA sakatA, ataH inheM binduoM se rikta hI dikhAnA hogaa| 6 saMkhyA para chanda samApti kI (1) ho sakatI hai| 7veM para (la) ThIka rahegA, kintu aise pAThoddhAra meM jo zabda akSata upalabdha haiM, artha taka pahu~cane ke lie unameM bhI kisI saMzodhana kA sujhAva denA Avazyaka ho sakatA haiM jisase ki vAkya kA rUpa vyAkaraNika kI dRSTi se ThIka artha dene meM sakSama ho jAya / aise sujhAvoM ko choTe koSThakoM ( ) meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| dUsare prakAra ke zabdoM ko vikRta zabda kaha sakate haiN| vikAroM ke kAraNoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara 'vikRta zabdoM' ke 6 bheda kiye gaye haiM : - pahalA vikAra mAtrA-viSayaka ho sakatA hai, jo vikAra mAtrA kI dRSTi se bAja hameM sAmAnya lekhana meM milatA hai, vaha ina pANDulipiyoM meM bhI mila jAtA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki bahuta se vyakti 'rAtri' ko 'rAtrI' likha dete haiN| kisI-kisI kSetra vizeSa meM to yaha eka pravRtti hI ho gaI hai ki laghu mAtrA ke lie dIrgha aura dIrgha ke lie laghu likhI jAtI hai| bhrabhAt kisI anya mAtrA ke lie anya mAtrA likha dI jA sakatI hai / isakA eka udAharaNa DaoN0 mAhezvarI ne yaha diyA hai : ___139 dhIrai > dhorai / I > pro (a) yahA~ lipika ne '' kI mAtrA ko kucha isa rUpa meM likhA ki vaha 'no' par3hI gayI / isI prakAra 'o' kI mAtrA ko aise likhA jA sakatA hai ki vaha 'I' par3hI Aya / 1846 meM manarUpa dvArA likhita mohana vijaya-kRta 'canda-caritra' ke prathama pRSTha kI 13vIM paMkti meM dAyIM ora se sAtaveM akSara se pUrva kA zabda 'anupa' meM mAtrA vikRti hai, yaha yathArtha meM 'anUpa' hai / isI ke pR0 3 para Upara se sAtavIM paMkti meM 16veM akSara se pUrva zabda likhA hai, 'agur3ha' jo mAtrA-vikRti kA hI udAharaNa hai / isakI puSTi dUsare caraNa kI tuka ke zabda "digamUr3ha' se ho jAtI hai / "digamar3ha' meM lipika ne dIrgha 'U' kI mAtrA ThIka lagAI hai| 'mAtrA-vikRti' ke rUpa kaI kAraNoM se banate haiM : 1-mAtrA lamAnA hI bhUla gaye / yathA DaoN0 mAtA prasAda gupta ko 'sandeza rAsaka' ke 24veM chanda meM dvitIya caraNa meM 'riNahaI' zabda milA hai, DaoN0 gupta mAnate haiM ki yahA~ 'pA' mAtrA bhUla se chUTa gaI hai / zabda hogA 'phaaii'| DaoN0 mAtA prasAda gupta ne batAyA hai ki 'u' bAda meM 'u' tathA 'no' donoM dhvaniyoM ke lie prayukta hone lagA thA / yathA--sandeza rAsaka chaMda 72 prosahe > usahe / 2-yaha vikRti do mAtrAoM meM abheda sthApita ho jAne se huI hai| aise hI 'diva' kA 'daya' / 3-yaha anavadhAnatA se huA hai / 4-'smRti-bhrama' se bhI vikRti hotI hai, jaise-~-'pharisau' likhA gayA 'pharusau' ke lie| 5vAM kAraNa vaha anavadhAnatA hai jisameM mAtrA kahIM kI kahIM laga jAtI hai / yaha 'mAtrAvyatyaya' isa zabda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai-'bisuMThalyaM likhA milA hai 'visaMThulayaM' ke lie| (A) akSara-vikRta zabda unheM kaheMge jinameM 'akSara' aise likhe gaye hoM ki unheM kucha kA kucha par3ha liyA jaay| DaoN0 mAhezvarI ne aise akSaroM kI eka sUcI prastuta kI hai, 1. 'sandeza rAsaka' meM 100veM chanda meM dUsare caraNa meM 'pADillo' zabda milA hai| DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta kA mata hai ki yaha 'paDillI' hogA yahA~ 'I' kA mAtrA-lekhana yA pATha prasAda se 'o' kI mAtrA ho gyii| (bhAratIya sAhitya-janavarI, 1960, pR. 103) / isase bhI DaoN0 mAhezvarI ke udAharaNa kI puSTi hotI hai| aisI mAnA bikRti kA kAraNa "smRti-prama' bhI ho sakatA hai| 2. bhAratIya sAhitya (janavarI 1960), pR. 101,104,1081 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #351
zabda aura prartha kI samasyA/317 jise akSaravikRti ko samajhane ke lie udAharaNArtha yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| unheM vargoM ke anusAra diyA jA rahA hai nAgarI lipi janya bhUleM ka varga ca varga ka-phAka,pha.ka.pha gha. pApa-pa jh-l| bhArI lArI rAmagaga,ga gambha / " . jh-uu| jhala, ala gha-dha muu| 6-baca-ba __-gha (ka) kha- sva ca-va (caHca,va) ja-tAja jaja c-b| ddm.bh| DerA merA maka,kama 3-k| 35, 3ka) Da-8 pha ru.5 - Da ' kanu.nu / (baMgalA lipi ke kAraNa) ta varga thaI dha.ba-tha / thApazapa cha.ba-va thAbAba>bAthobar3o- bobar3A taTAta.ta-ta. NyaNa / pANya Ta- Ta,Ta.Ta i-315.5,3 dada 88 nastAna.na,na:na,ta d-v| 8,8,8.8 na-ba (nacAI bcaaii| na-ra (kaithI meM, na-2 mi .na For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #352
318/pANDulipi-vijJAna antastha varga ya pavarga bha -nAma.ma.na.pa.maya * pha-kApha.ka.phapha.ka ma-samamamama - ma.sa jyA gyA nayAbhAga ra: da / ra rada- ra.da ma: ma latta vn| na najana ran |haa-yaa , dhAnyA ra: Ta17 kA halannA bAbarabAba) saMyuktAkSara varga uSmavarNa varga trAta,ta samma tra:natra,tra ma.ma- sa.ma haDa i.i.ha Tii / kAkA-kAkI 11-mAI ja-a / a-3 3-x - dha kamodarI karanAdarI > kAmAdarI e-ai - (guramukhI) 3- / (kabIra P110) 5. 2 meMmAtI - maimAtI i.o| dhorai / vyaMjana mAtrA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #353
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/319 bhrAmaka prakSara rUpa ya> thAtha-ya mAya mAtha bha- UjajhagI agI - bA(% cha) Da-kAna-Da(73) DAvar3A kAvar3A ghababa-gha) lASa> lAba rAe -rA(rA-e) yaha 'u' kI mAtrA bhI ho sakatI ... hai| baMgAlI lipI kA prabhAva hai / kra-tru(ka-kra,' 'u' heyo heracI dA- thATA-TA) caTocayo sAMkhyA- sAyA - sAyama paghara pasa (i) vibhakta akSara = vikRta zabda, yathA-Urdhva' ko vibhakta karake 'kara' likhanA isI koTi meM AyegA / 'Uradha' 'tadbhava' mAnA jAyegA aura pAMDulipi kI dRSTi se yahA~ vibhakta-akSara hai / 'Urdhva' kA 'Urva' phira 'Uradha' / isameM 'ra' ko 'dha' se vibhakta karake likhA gayA hai / 'prAtma' ko 'canda-caritra' meM 'pAtama' likhA gayA hai / 'parisaha thI prAtama guNa puSTI yugatinI prApti vicAra hai' __ (pannA 82 candacaritra kA hastalekha) aise hI adhyAtma ko 'adhyAtama' likhA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #354
320/pANDulipi-vijJAna mA 'lubadho' milegA, lubdho ke lie / 'candacaritra' (pannA 79 pUrva) (I) yuktAkSara-vikRti-yukta zabda-zabda paraspara vibhakta na hokara yukta hoM aura taba unameM se kisI meM bhI yadi koI vikAra A jAtA hai to ve aise hI varga meM AyeMge, yathA'kItilatA' dvitIya patlava chaM. 7 meM 'mahAjanhi' kA eka pATha 'mahajanhi' milatA hai / yaha vikRti hamAre isI varga ke zabdoM meM AyegI / isI sambandha meM prAvaTTavaTTa 'vivaTTavaTTa' para 'kItilatA' ke saMjIvanI bhASya meM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne jo TippaNI dI hai vaha isa prakAra hai : prAvaTTa vaTTa vivaTTa-zrI bAbUrAmajI ke saMskaraNa meM 'ati bahuta bhAMti vivaTTa vaTTahi' pATha hai aura pATha TippaNI meM vaTTa pAThAntara diyA hai / vastutaH yahA~ pATha-saMzodhana kI samasyA isa prakAra hai| mUla saMskRta zabda Avarta-vivarta ke prAkRta meM Avatta-vivatta aura pAvaTTa vivaTTa ye do rUpa hote haiM / (pAsadda 152, 998, 999) / saMyoga se vidyApati ne 'kIrtilatA' meM tInoM zabda-rUpoM kA prayoga kiyA hai : 1-Avarta vivarta rolahoM, naara nahiM nara samudro (2 1 112) 2-pAvatta vivatte pana parivatte juga parivattana mAnA (4 1 114) isa prakAra yaha lagabhaga nizcita jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ prati bahuta vaTTa kA mUla pATha prAvaTTa vaTTa hI thA / vivaTTa vaTTa to spaSTa hI hai / 'pAvaTTa vaTTa vivaTTa vaTTa me yuktAkSaroM kI vikRti kI lIlA spaSTa hai / kIrtilatA meM hI eka sthAna hai para yaha caraNa hai : pAigga patra bhare bhauM pallAnina uM turaMga' yahA~ 'pAiggA' zabda 'pAyaggATTa kA yuktAkSara vikRta zabda haiM 'gA' kA 'ggA' kara diyA gayA hai / isI prakAra 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' 16 meM 'UlaMbe sira haththar3A' isa dohe ke 'UlaMbI' zabda kA eka pATha 'ukkaMbI bhI haiM , isameM 'la' ko ka 'yuktAkSara' mAnakara likhA gayA hai, ataH yaha bhI isa varga kA zabda rUpa hai| 'candacaritra' kI pAMDulipi meM 83veM pRSTha para Upara se dUsarI paMkti meM 'sajjana uddharajyo jI' ko isa rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| uddharajyajI isameM yuktAkSara 'jya' ko jisa rUpa meM likhA gayA hai usa rUpa ko vikRti mAnA jA sakatA hai| kavi haracaraNadAsa kI 'kavi-priyA bharaNa' TIkA hai kezava kI kavi priyA para hai usakI eka pAMDulipi 1902 kI pratilipi hai| usameM 149veM pRSTha para kavi ne apanA janma saMvat diyA hai / pratilipikAra ne use yoM likhA hai : 7 satrahaso saTi mahI vaki ko janma vicAri / 1. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa (DaoN.)-kItilatA. pR0 60-61 / 2. manohara, zambhUsiMha-DholA mArU rA dUhA, pR. 156 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #355
yukta akSara - vikRta rUpa' zabda rekhAMkita hai / yaha hai chyAsaTha = 66 / isa pRSTha se Age ke panne meM kRSNa se apanA sambandha batAne ke lie likhA hai ki muni sAMDilla mahAna / " pUrohita zrInanda ke haiM tinake hama gota maiM mohana mo jajamAna / / 16 / / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zabda aura artha kI samasyA / 321 yahA~ 'sAMDilla' meM 'yuktAkSara vikRti' spaSTa hai, zAMDilya 'sAMDilla' ho gaye haiM / yahA~ bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se isakI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai, yaha aura bAta hai / agrasamIkaraNa se lya kA 'ya' 'la' meM samIkRta ho gayA hai, para yuktAkSara kI dRSTi se vikati bhI vidyamAna hai, isIlie ise hama isa varga meM rakhate haiM / ( u ) ghasITAkSara vikRti yukta zabda kabhI-kabhI koI pAMDulipi 'ghasITa' meM likhI jAtI hai / tvarA meM likhane se lekha ghasITa meM likha jAtA hai / ghasITa meM akSara vikRta hote hI haiM / ciThThI-patriyoM meM, sarakArI dastAvejoM meM, daphtarI TIpoM meM, aise hI anya kSetroM meM ghasITa meM likhanA niyama hI samajhanA cAhiye / adhikArI vyakti tvarA meM likhatA hai aura use abhyAsa hI aisA ho gayA hotA hai ki usakA lekhana ghasITa meM hI ho jAtA hai / isI kAraNa kitane hI vibhAgoM meM ghasITa par3hane kA bhI abhyAsa karAyA jAtA hai aura isa viSaya meM parIkSAeM bhI lI jAtI haiM / spaSTa hai ki ghasITAkSaroM ko abhyAsa ke dvArA hI par3hA jA sakatA hai / abhyAsa meM yaha Avazyaka hotA hai ki ghasITa lekhaka kI lekhana pravRtti ko bhalI prakAra samajha liyA jAya / usase ghasITa par3hane meM suvidhA hotI hai / pra.pra.sa (35) ghasITa kI bhA~ti hI vyakti-vaiziSTya kI dRSTi se alaMkaraNa - nirbhara - vikRti-yukta zabda bhI kabhI-kabhI kinhIM pAMDulipiyoM meM mila jAte haiM / alaMkaraNa yukta akSara ko bhI pahale samajhane par3hane meM kaThinAI hotI hai / 'alaMkaraNa' kA artha hai kisI bhI 'akSara' ko usake svAbhAvika rUpa meM santulita prakAra se na likhakara kucha kalAmaya yA anokhA rUpa dekara likhanA, udAharaNArtha : 'pa' | yaha 'pa' kA santulita rUpa hai: aba isako lipikAra kitane hI rUpoM meM likha sakatA hai, alaMkaraNa kI pravRtti se akSararUpoM ke sAtha zabda-rUpa bhI badalate haiM hama alaMkara kI pravRtti ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM eka akSara ke AdhAra para dekha sakate haiM ko le sakate haiM / devanAgarI meM 'alaMkaraNa' kI pravRtti I0 pU0 / / isake lie 'a' akSara kI pahalI zatAbdI se hI dRSTigocara hone lagatI hai / ise zatAbdI-krama se nIce ke phalaka se samajhA jA sakatA hai / azoka kAlIna I0 pU0 pahilI mathurA I0 pahilI dUsarI za0 pabhosA nAsika mathurA lekhA bhu 4 ta 46 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #356
322/pANDulipi-vijJAna tIsarI jagAyapeTa 477-78 I. dUsarI se cauthI kUr3A 571-72 pAlI chaThI zatAbdI USNISa vijaya dhAraNI pustaka kI hoyujI (jApAna) maTha kI prati ke anta meM dI gaI varNa mAlA se 1vIM . zatAbdI mAmalapura 661 I0 ka Dezvara mA 689 I0 jhAlarApATana 8vIM zatI mAvalIpura 837 I. jodhapura 861 8 61 paTimAnA ghaTipAlA ma na a a. 4 11vIM zatI ujjaina 1122 I0 tarSaDidhI 11as I. asama zu 6 a 12 vIM hasrAkAla (pUrI varNamAlA se) isI prakAra anya akSaroM meM bhI akSArAlaMkaraNa milate haiN| granthoM meM bhI inakA vividha rUpa meM prayoga milatA hai, ataH alaMkaraNa ke prabhAva ko samajhakara hI 'zabda-rUpa' kA nirNaya karanA hogaa| hastalekhoM meM se pAMDulipiyoM meM milane vAle alaMkaraNoM kA kama saMkalana huA hai, kintu bhAratIya zilAlekhoM ke alaMkaraNoM para carcA avazya huI hai / DaoN0 ahamada hasana dAnI ne 'iMDiyana peliyogrAphI' meM isa para vyavasthita DhaMga se prakAza DAlA hai / isa sambandha meM unakI pustaka se eka citraphalaka alaMkaraNa ke svarUpa ko bhAratIya lipi meM dikhAne ke lie yahA~ dene kA hama apane lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sakate : (citra pR. 323 pr)| (e) navarUpAkSara yukta-zabda kabhI-kabhI pAMDulipi meM hameM aise zabda mila jAte haiM jinameM koI-koI akSara anokhe rUpa meM likhA milatA hai| yaha anokhA rUpa eka to usa yuga meM usa akSara kA pracalita rUpa hI thA, dUsare lipikAra kI lekhanI se vikata hone ke kAraNa aura anokhA ho gyaa| ina donoM prakAroM para 'lipi samasyA' vAle adhyAya meM carcA ho cukI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #357
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/323 masaMvRta varNamAlA . BILSAD MEHRAULY INS WANSEMERA MADHUC TASODHARMAN INS RA MAHANAMAN NS KA BHA - E OF oday -- 4.5 Bdges : arg - -- : {{{Page #358
324/pANDulipi-vijJAna (aM) saMketAkSarI zabda saMketAkSarI zabdoM kI carcA Upara ho cukI hai / pUre zabdoM ko jaba usake eka choTe aMza ke dvArA hI abhihita karAyA jAtA hai to yaha nirarthaka-sA choTA akSara-saMketa pUre zabda ke rUpa meM hI grAhya hotA hai / 'sa' kA prayoga 'sambatsara' ke lie huA milatA hai| aise hI prayukta saMketoM kI sUcI eka pUrva ke adhyayana meM dI jA cukI hai / pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI apane lie aisI sUciyA~ svayaM prastuta kara sakatA hai| nAma-saMketa kI dRSTi se 'ahahamANA' hama dekha cuke haiM ki isameM 'abdula' kA saMketa 'adda' aura 'rahamANa' kA saMketa 'hamAna' hai / aise zabda jinameM saMkhyA se usa saMkhyA kI vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai, saMketAkSarI hI mAne jAyeMge / kIrtilatA meM AyA 'dAna paMcama' bhI aisA hI zabda hai / (aH) viziSTArthI zabda pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ke lie viziSTArthI zabdoM kA bheda mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha rUpa-gata nahIM hai / kucha zabdoM ke kucha viziSTa artha hote haiM, aura jaba taka una viziSTa arthoM taka pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI nahIM pahu~cegA usa sthala kA ThIka artha nahIM ho skegaa| aise zabdoM ke viziSTa kSetroM kA patA na hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya artha kiye jAte haiM, jisase arthAbhAsa milatA hai; yathArtha artha nahIM / aise zabdoM se sAmAnya artha taka pahuMcane meM bhI zabdoM aura vAkyoM ke sAtha khIMcAtAnI karanI par3atI hai / yathA "kahIM koTi gaMdA, kahIM vAdi vaMdA kahIM dUra rikkAvie hindu gandA / / "1 aba isakA eka artha huA--'karor3oM guNDe', kahIM 'bAMdI baMde' Adi / dUsarA artha huaA 'bahuta se gaMde loga aura bAMdi baMde' Adi / DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne batAyA hai ki 'gaMdA' aura 'vAdi' viziSTArthI zabda haiM : gandA phA0 goyanda : arthAt-guptacara, vAdI bhI viziSTArthaka hai : vAdI = phariyAdI __ isI prakAra kIrtilatA 2 190 kA caraNa hai| maSadUma narAvai doma jaJo hAtha dadasa dasa gAro / / isameM prAyaH sabhI zabda viziSTArtha dene vAle haiM : una arthoM se aparicita vyakti isa paMkti kA artha khIMcatAna kara aise kareMge : "makhadUma Doma kI taraha dasoM dizAoM se bhojana le pAtA hai" (?) yA "makhadUma (mAlika) dazo tarapha Doma kI taraha hAtha phailAtA hai|" DaoN0 vAsUdevazaraNa agravAla ne likhA hai ki "isa eka paMkti meM sAta zabda pAribhASika prAkRta aura phArasI ke haiM / '' ye zabda viziSTa yA pAribhASika zabda haiM yaha na jAnane se ThIka-ThIka artha taka nahIM pahu~cA jA sakatA / inake viziSTa artha ye batAye gaye haiM : 1. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa, (DaoN.)-kIrtilatA, pR0 93 2. vahI, pR0 108 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #359
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1. makhadUma 2. narAvai 3. doSa 4. hAtha 5. dadasa www.kobatirth.org 6. dasa : dikhAtA hai / 7. gAra : naraka ke jIva, pretAtmAe~ / : bhUta preta sAdhaka musalamAnI dharma-guru : prasaviyA -- arthAt jo naraka ke jIvoM yA pretAtmAoM kA adhipati ho / kIrtilatA meM eka paMkti hai : " sarAphe sarAhe bhare be vi bAjU || " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir : yAtanA denA / : zIghra, jaldI / : hadasa, (arabI) - pretAtmAoM ko aMgUThI ke naga meM dikhAne kI prakriyA | zabda aura artha kI samasyA / 325 1. vahI, pR0 95 2. vahI, pR0 145 "tolanti herA lasUlA peprAjU" / artha karane vAloM ne isameM viziSTArthaka zabdoM ko na pahacAna sakane ke kAraNa sarAphe meM lahasuna va pyAja aura haldI tulavA dI hai / ThIka hai, lalA kA grartha lahasuna spaSTa hai / pyAja kA artha bhI spaSTa hai / eka ne 'herA' ko haladI mAna liyA / kiMcit dhyAna dene yaha vidita ho jAtA hai ki eka ina arthoM meM 'prasaMga' para dhyAna nahIM rakhA gayA / varNana sarAphe kA hai / sarAphe meM jauharI baiThate haiM' / vahA~ haladI, lahasuna, pyAja jaise khAne meM kAma Ane vAle padArtha kahA~ ? to 'prasaMga' para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA / dUsare, ina zabdoM ke viziSTa artha para bhI dhyAna nahIM gayA / lasUlA kA artha lahasuniyA nAma kA ratna, 'pezrAjU' kA artha 'phIrojA' nAma kA ratna, aura herA 'hIrA' ho sakatA hai, isa para dhyAna nahIM gayA, jo jAnA cAhiye thA / isI prakAra 'kIrtilatA 2 meM hI eka anya caraNa hai : "catussama palvala karo paramArtha pucchahi siyAna" / isameM 'catussama' zabda hai / kisI vidvAna ke dvArA isameM Aye 'catustama' kA sAmAnya artha 'caukona' yA 'cokora' kara liyA gayA / vastuta: yaha viziSTArthaka zabda hai / ise lekara hastalekhoM ke pAThoM meM bhI gar3abar3ajhAlA huI hai / vaha gar3abar3ajhAlA kyA hai aura isakA yathArtha rUpa aura artha kyA hai, yaha DaoN0 kizorIlAla ke zabdoM meM par3hiye : "DA~0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra jAyasI - kRta padmAvata meM prApta 'caturasama' pATha ko na samajhane ke kAraNa isakA pATha 'citrasama' kiyA gayA / phArasI meM citrasama aura 'caturasama' eka-sA par3hA jA sakatA hai, ataH 'caturasama' pATha sampAdaka ko kliSTa lagA aura 'citrasama' sarala / jAyasI ke mAnya vidvAn AcArya paM0 rAmacandra zukla ne 'citrasama' pATha hI maanaa| yahI nahIM kahIM-kahIM unhoMne 'citrasaba' pATha bhI kiyA hai-- karisnAna citra saba sArahU~ -- jAyasI granthAvalI pR0 121 || zuddha pATha 'caturasama' hI hai / ise DaoN0 agravAla ne pUrvavartI racanAoM se pramANita bhI kiyA hai, yathA-jAyasI se do zatAbdI pUrva ke 'varNa ratnAkAra' meM bhI catuHsama kA prayoga milA hai -- ' catuHsama hatha liye For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #360
326/pANDulipi-vijJAna maNDu'--(varNa ratnAkara pR0 13) varNaratnAkara se bhI do zatI pUrva hemacandra ke 'abhidhAna cintAmaNi' se bhI unhoMne ise pramANita kiyA hai karpU rAgurukakkola kastUrI candanadravaiH / 31302 spAda yakSakardamo mitrai rvatigAtrAnulepakI / caMdanAgaru kastUrI kuMkumaistu catu:saman / candanAdi catvAri samAnyatra catuH samam amidhAna cintAmaNi 31303 sabase puSTa pramANa rAmacarita mAnasa meM milA hai__ bIthI sIMcI caturasama caukeM cAru purAI bAlakAMDa 296110, kAzirAja saMskaraNa DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne bhI 'citrasama' pATha hI apanI jAyasI granthAvalI-kAzirAja saMskaraNa meM mAnA thA lekina mAnasa ke aise prayoga ko dekha lene para unhoMne apane pUrva pATha ko tyAga diyaa| caturasama 'saMskRta' ke 'catu sama' zabda kA vikRta rUpa hai, jisakA arthacaMdana, agaru, kastUrI aura kesara kA samAna aMza lekara nirmita sugaMdha hai|"1 zilAlekhoM aura abhilekhoM meM Ane vAle pAribhASika aura viziSTArthaka zabdoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, DI0 sI0 sarakAra kRta 'iNDiyana epIgrAphI' meM AThaveM adhyAya meM jisakA zIrSaka hai 'TekanIkala aiksaprezana' / (ka) saMkhyA-vAcaka zabda zilAlekhoM, abhilekhoM aura pAMDulipiyoM meM aise zabda milate haiM jinakA apanA amicArtha nahIM liyA jaataa| unase jo saMkhyA-bodha hotA hai, vahI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai mAno vaha zabda nahIM saMkhyA hI ho| isa para Upara ke adhyAya meM vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai / yahA~ to isa ora dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie ise zabda-bheda mAnA hai ki pAMDulipi meM Aye zabdoM kA eka varga saMkhyA kA kAma bhI detA hai, ataH aise zabda-rUpoM ko saMkhyA-rUpa meM hI mAnyatA dI jAnI cAhiye / (kha) vartanI cyuta zabda / ye aise zabda hoMge jinameM vartanI kI bhUla ho gaI ho, jaise-'caMdacaritra' meM pahale panne meM dUsarI paMkti meM 'siMdhu zalila pravAha' AyA hai| yahA~ 'zalila' vartanI cyuti hai / 'mAtrA vikRti' kahIM-kahIM chaMda kI tuka yA anya kAraNoM se jAna-bUjhakara kavi ko karanI par3atI hai, use vikRti yA vartanI-cyuti nahIM mAnA jAyagA, kintu Upara ke udAharaNa meM 'sa' ke sthAna para 'za' vartanI cyuti hI hai| isI prakAra usI panne para 11vIM paMkti meM hai : 'jaba vAra saar'| isameM bhI 'jaMbUtarUsAra' meM 'taru' ko 'tarU' likhane meM vartanI cyuti hai / (ga) sthAnApanna zabda (bhramAt athavA anyathA) kisI caraNa meM eka zabda aisA AyA hai ki adhyetA ko samajha meM nahIM A rahA, 1. kizorIlAla-sammelana-patrikA (bhAga 56, aMka 2-3), pR. 179-180. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #361
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/327 ataH vaha yaha mAna letA hai ki yaha koI zabda nahIM hai taba, usake sthAna para koI anya sArthaka zabda rakhakara apanA artha nikAla letA hai| isa prakAra rakhe gaye zabda hI sthAnApanna kahe jaayeNge| pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko aise zabdoM ko pahacAnane kA abhyAsa avazya honA caahiye| isakA eka udAharaNa DaoN0 agravAla dvArA sampAdita 'kItilatA' se hI aura lete haiN| 'kItilatA' 21190 ke caraNa para pAribhASika zabdAvalI kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai / usI meM 'NArabho' para DaoN0 agravAla ne jo TippaNI dI hai usase 'sthAnApannatA' para prakAza par3atA hai / unakI TippaNI isa prakAra hai :1 "NAro-naraka ke jIva, pretAtmA / saM0 nAraka >prA0 raNAraya-naraka kA jIva (pAsadda0 478) / yahAM zrI bAbUrAma saksenA jI kI prati meM 'kha' prati kA pATha 'nAroM' pAda-TippaNI meM diyA huA hai, vahI vastutaH mUla-pATha thaa| jaba isa paMkti kA zuddha artha projhala ho gayA taba artha ko sarala banAne ke lie dvAro yaha apa-pATha pracalita huA / spaSTa hai ki mUla 'nAro' ke sthAna para 'dvArao' zabda kisI lipikAra ne sthAnApanna kara diyaa| 'Naro' se vaha paricita nahIM thA, ataH use apanI sUjha-bUjha se 'dvAro' zabda ThIka lgaa|" phalataH pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko hastalekhoM meM sthAnApannatA kI bAta bhI dhyAna meM rakhanI hogii| (gha) aparicita zabda ___ hastalekha yA pAMDulipiyAM sahasroM varSa pUrva taka kI milatI haiM / vaha yuga hamAre yuga se aneka rUpoM meM bhinna hotA hai / lipi bhinna hotI hai, zabda-koSa bhI bhinna hotA hai, zabdoM ke artha bhI bhinna hote haiN| lipi kI samasyA hala ho jAne para zabdoM kI samasyA sAmane AtI hai| Upara jo zabda-rUpa batAye gaye haiM, unake sAtha hI aise zabda bhI ho sakate haiM, jinase hama aparicita hoN| eka lipikAra ne aparicita zabda ke sAtha jo vyavahAra kiyA use hama abhI Upara dekha cuke haiN| usane aparicita zabda ko haTA hI diyA / usakA tarka rahA hogA ki "vaha svayaM jaba 'NAroM' zabda ko nahIM jAnatA to aisA koI zabda ho hI nahIM sakatA" | usane apanI sUjhabUjha se usase milatA-julatA paricita zabda vahA~ rakha diyA para usakA usa taraha socanA samIcIna nahIM thA, ataH aparicita zabda ko aparicita mAna kara usake anusaMdhAna meM pravRtta honA cAhiye aura usa yuga kI zabdAvalI ko dekhanA cAhie, jisa yuga kA vaha graMtha hai, jisameM vaha aparicita zabda milA hai / __ aparicita zabdarUpa meM aise zabda bhI AyeMge jinake sAmAnya artha se hama bhale hI paricita hoM para usakA viziSTa artha bhI hotA hai| ve kisI aise kSetra ke zabda ho sakate haiM, jinase hamArA paricaya nahIM, aura vizeSataH usa yuga ke viziSTa kSetra kI zabdAvalI se jisa yuga meM vaha pAMDulipi prastuta kI gayI thii| prAcIna kAvyoM meM aise viziSTa zabda paryApta mAtrA meM mila sakate haiM / prathamataH paricita lagane vAle kintu mUlataH viziSTArthaka aise zabda-rUpoM kI carcA 1. agravAla, vAsudeva zaraNa (DaoN.)-kotilatA, pR. 1101 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #362
328/pANDulipi-vijJAna Upara ho cukI hai| yahA~ 'aparicita rUpa' kI dRSTi se 'kItilatA' se eka aura udAharaNa de kItilatA ke 2133 veM dohe kA pATha DaoN0 agravAla ne yoM diyA hai : "haddahi haTTa bhamanto dUao rAja kumAra / / 214 diThiTa kutUhala kajja rasa to iTTha darabAra / / 2151" isa dohe meM 'kajja rasa' do zabda haiN| ina zabdoM ke rUpoM se prathamataH hama aparicita nahIM pratIta hote, kintu yugIna zabdAvalI kI dRSTi se ye viziSTArthaka haiM, ataH inheM aparicita mAnA jA sakatA hai / prasaMga darabAra kA hai ataH usa sandarbha meM isakA artha grahaNa karanA hogaa| DaoN0 agravAla kI 'kajja' aura 'rasa' para TippaNI paThanIya hai : ve likhate haiM : "21 5. kajjAvedana, nyAyAlaya yA rAjA ke sAmane phariyAda / saM0 kArya>prA. kajja kA yaha eka pAribhASika artha bhI thaa| kArya =adAlatI phariyAda / (svairAlApe mI vayasyApacAre kAryArambhe lokavAdAzraye ca / kaH zleSaH kaSTazabdAkSarANAM puSpApoDe kaNTakAnAM yathaiva / / padmaprAbhRtakam zloka 18 // kAryArambha kA artha yahA~ likhita phariyAda yA adAlatI arjI dAvA hai / "pAdatADitakam' meM arjI dene vAle vAdI yA phariyAdI logoM ko kAryaka kahA gayA hai, "adhikaraNagato'pi kozatAM kAryakAraNAm" / kAlidAsa ne bhI kArya zabda isa artha meM prayukta kiyA hai / vahiniSkramya jJAyatAM kaH kaH kAryArthoti (mAlavikAgnimitra, ApTe, moniyara viliyamsa saM0 kosh)| rasa-saM0 rasa V>prA0 rasa =cillAkara khnaa| kajja rasa=apanI phariyAda kahane ke lie| ___ spaSTa hai ki kajja yA kArya aura rasa donoM atiparicita zabda haiM para prasaMga vizeSa se artha para pahu~cane ke lie mUlataH aparicita haiM / aise zabdoM ko viziSTArthaka koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, para kyoMki ye rUpataH viziSTArthaka nahIM sAmAnya hI lagate haiM, ataH inheM 'aparicita' koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| aba eka udAharaNa aparicita zabda kI lIlA kA 'kAvya-nirNaya' ke dohe meM dekhiye / 'candamukhina ke kucana para jinako sadA bihAra / 'grahaha kareM tAhI karana carabana pheravadAra ||''crbn pheravadAra' para TippaNI karate hue DaoN. kizorIlAla ne jo likhA hai use yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai / isase aparicita zabdoM kI lIlA spaSTa ho sakegI / DaoN. kizorIlAla ne sammelana patrikA meM likhA hai : __. "isa (carabana pheravadAra) kA pATha vibhinna pratiyoM meM kisa prakAra milatA hai use dekheM (1) bhArata jIvana presa kAzIvAlI prati kA pATha-'cakhana pheravadAra' / (2) velaveDiyara presa prayAga vAlI prati kA pATha- "ciriyana pheravadAra' (3) beMkaTezvara presa bambaI kI prati kA pATha-'cakhadana pheravadAra' (4) kalyANa dAsa jJAnavApI vArANasI kA pATha-'caMkhana pheravadAra' 1. vahI, pR. 120-121 / 2. kizorIlAla, (DaoN.)--sammelana patrikA (bhAga 56, saMkhyA 2-3) pR. 181-1821 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #363
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/329 vAstava meM pheravadAra' kA artha zRgAlinI hai, use na samajhane ke kAraNa phaikhadAra' Adi pATha svIkara kiyA gayA aura carvaNa ke artha anabhijJa rahane ke kAraNa 'cakhana' Adi mana-gaDhanta pAThoM kI kalpanA karane par3I / isa prakAra ke pATha-gaDhanta ke namUne anyatra bhI milate haiM / brajabhASA ke purAne TIkAkAra saradAra kavi ne 'rasika-priyA" kI TIkA meM isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki kisa taraha lauca (rizvata) zabda se paricita na rahane ke kAraNa logoM ne kisI-kisI prati meM loMca kara diyA hai / 'loca' zabda vAlI paMktiyA~ haiM : "jAlagi loMca lugAina dai dina nAnana cAvata sA~jha pahAU~" 'rasika priyA, kezavadAsa 5/12 pra0 saM0 pR0 75 navala kizora presa, lakhanaU / pASaNa-madraNAlaya, matharA se prakAzita gvAlakavi kRta 'kavi-hadaya-vinoda' meM eka zabda 'bAMdhakIpauri' milA hai / isa zabda se paricita na rahane ke kAraNa 'gvAla ratnAvalI' ke sampAdaka ne 'bAMdhanI' aura 'pauri' do bhinna zabdoM kI kalpanA karalI aura 'pauri'kI TippaNI dI hai 'ghara meM' jo artha kI dRSTi se nitAnta azuddha hai / saMkSipta zabda-sAgara' meM bhI isa zabda ke zuddha artha ko dekhA jA sakatA thA / vahA~ isakA artha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'bAMdhanIpaura'-pazutroM ke bAMdhane kA sthAna (saMkSipta zabda-sAgara, pR0 803) / bAdhanIpauri vAlI paMktiyA~ haiM--'phira bAMdhanI-pauri suhAvani hai (kavihRdayavinoda,) pR0 89) / isI prakAra 'kavihRdayavinoda' ke anya chanda ke pATha kI durgati hI nahIM kI gaI varan usakA bar3A vicitra rUpa dekhane ko milA hai : "khAso hai tamAso cali dekha sukhamA soM vIra, kuMja meM bhavAsI hai mayUra maMju lAla kii| cAru cAMdanI kI vara vimala vichAvana pai, caMdavA tanyau hai, ravinAtI raMgalAla kii|" aMtima aMza honA to cAhiye-'rI banAtI raMgalAla kI / ' kintu sampAdaka jI ne use 'ravinAtI' (sUrya kA nAtI) smjhaa| isa uddharaNa se aura isameM diye udAharaNoM se aparicita zabdoM kI pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi se lIlA siddha ho jAtI hai / kupaThita ___ina rUpoM ke atirikta zabda kI dRSTi se 'kUpaThita' zabda kI ora bhI dhyAna jAnA cAhiye / 'kupaThita' zabda una zabdoM ko kahate haiM, jo lipikAraM ne to ThIka likhe haiM kintu pAThaka dvArA ThIka nahIM par3he jA sake / eka zabda thA basa reNu / 'trasareNu' hI likhA gayA thA kintu 'tra' ke cimaTe kI donoM rekhAe~ paraspara mila-sI rahI thIM, ataH 'va' par3hI gaI / 'va' paDhane se artha ThIka nahIM baiTha rahA thA, taba sampAdaka ne AtizI zIze (Magnifying glass) kI sahAyatA lI to samajha meM AyA ki vaha 'ba' nahIM tra hai, aura 'kupaThita' zabda supaThita ho 1. yaha zabda 'pherU-dAra' hogA / phekha-zRgAla, ata: phekha-zragAla aura dAra-dArA, strI---zRgAlinI 2 kizorIlAla-sammelana-patrikA (bhAga 56, saMkhyA 2-3), pR0 181-82. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #364
330/pANDulipi-vijJAna gayA, tathA artha ThIka baiTha gayA, ataH aise kupaThita zabdoM ke jAla se bhI bacane ke upAya pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko karane hoNge| yahA~ taka hamane zabdarUpoM kI carcA kii| lipi ke uparAnta zabda hI ikAI ke rUpa meM ubharate haiM- aura ye zabda hI milakara caraNa yA vAkya kA nirmANa karate haiM / ye caraNa yA vAkya hI kisI bhASA kI yathArtha ikAI hote haiM zabda to isa ikAI ko tor3akara vizleSita kara artha taka pAThaka dvArA pahu~cane kI sopAneM haiM / yathArtha artha zabda meM nahIM sArthaka zabdAvalI kI sArthaka vAkya-yojanA meM rahatA hai / vastutaH kisI bhI pAMDulipi kA nirmANa yA racanA kisI artha ko abhivyakta karane ke lie hotI hai / yaha vizleSita zabda yadi apane ThIka rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA to artha bhI ThIka nahIM mila sakatA / bhartRhari ne 'vAkya-padIya' meM ba "prAtmarUpaM yathA jJAne jJeya rUpaMca dRzyate artharUpaM tathA zabde svarUpazca prakAzate / " arthAt jJAna jaise apane ko aura apane jJeya ko prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra zabda bhI apane svarUpa ko tathA apane artha ko prakAzita karatA hai / / zabda ke sAtha artha jur3A huA hai / artha se hI zabda sArthaka banatA hai / yaha sArthakatA zabda meM yathArthata: padarUpa se AtI hai / vaha vAkya meM jo sthAna rakhatA hai, usake kAraNa hI use vaha artha milatA hai jo kavi yA kRtikAra ko abhipreta hotA hai| artha samasyA pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ke lie artha kI samasyA bhI mahattva rakhatI hai / artha hI to graMtha kI AtmA hotI hai / 'zabda-rUpa' kI samasyA to hama dekha cuke haiM ki milita zabdAvalI meM se ThIka zabda-rUpa para pahu~cane ke lie bhI artha samajhanA Avazyaka hai aura ThIka artha pAne ke lie ThIka zabda-rUpa / yahA~ eka aura udAharaNa 'kItilatA' se lete haiN| DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne yaha bhUmikA dete hue ki "ina pUrva TIkAoM meM kIrtilatA ke arthoM kI jo sthiti thI usakI tulanA vartamAna saMjIvanI TIkA ke arthoM se karane para yaha samajhA jA sakegA ki kIrtilatA ke arthoM kI samasyA kitanI mahattvapUrNa thI aura use kisa prakAra ulajhA huA chor3a diyA gayA thaa|" apane isa kathana ko puSTa karane ke lie unhoMne bahuta-se sthaloM kI carcA kI hai / isI sandarbha meM pahalI carcA hai isa paMkti kI: (1) bhena karantA mama uvai dujjana vairiNa hoi / 1/22 DaoN0 agravAla ne isa para likhA hai ki "bAbUrAmajI ne 'meka hantA mujhajaI' pATha rakhA hai jo 'ka' (prati) kA hai / akSaroM ko galata jor3a dene se yahA~ unhoMne artha kiyA hai-yadi durjana mujhe kATa DAle athavA mAra DAle to bhI vairI nahIM / unhoMne TippaNI meM 'bhe kahantA' dete hue artha diyA hai.--'yadi durjana merA bheda kaha de / ' zivaprasAda siMha ne ise hI apanAyA hai / vAstaya meM 'a' prati se isake mUla pATha kA uddhAra hotA hai / mUla kA artha hai-marma kA bheda karatA huA durjana pAsa 1. DaoN. kizorIlAla ke nibandha 'prAcIna hindI kAvya pATha evaM arpha vivecana' se uddhRta / sammelana patrikA (bhAga 56, saM. 2-3), pR. 187 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #365
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/331 Ave to bhI zatru nahIM hogA / 'uvaI' Page #366
332/pANDulipi-vijJAna spaSTa hai ki TIkAkAroM ne vyAkaraNa rUpa para (mIrasena kA prayoga SaSThyanta meM hai isa para) dhyAna nahIM diyA, ataH artha kI samasyA jaTila ho gyii| artha kI dRSTi se vyAkaraNa ke prayoga para bhI dhyAna denA Avazyaka hotA hai / ise bhI spaSTa karate hue DaoN0 dvivedI likhate haiM ki 'kama se kama Aradda' kI 'gRha Agata' karane meM 'mIraseNassa' kI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai / 'pArada' zabda kA artha 'tantuvAya na bhI hotA ho to yaha artha ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / "mIrasena ke ghara AyA huA, (vizeSaNa vicchitti vaza julAha) bhI) usI kA putra kula-kamala prasiddha addahamAraNa huaa|" yaha artha ThIka jamatA hai / vyAkaraNa para dhyAna na dene se bhI artha-samasyA jaTila ho jAtI hai, yaha isa udAharaNa se siddha hai| sandeza rAsaka ke hI eka zabda ke sambandha meM DaoN0 dvivedI ne yaha sthApanA kI hai ki zabda ke jisa rUpAntara ko artha ke lie grahaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha na kevala vyAkaraNa-mmata hI honA cAhiye, bhASA-zAstra dvArA anumodita bhI honA cAhiye, tabhI ThIka artha prApta ho sakatA hai / yaha sthApanA unhoMne adhaDDIgau' zabda para vicAra karate hue kI hai / isa zabda kA artha TippaNakakAra ne batAyA hai 'ajhaidvigna' (= prAdhA udvigna) aura avacUrikAkAra ne adhvodvigna' (= rAstA calane se udvigna yA thakA hugraa-saa)| yaha artha isalie kiyA gayA ki donoM ne uDDINa ko udvigna kA rUpAntara mAna liyA / dvivedI jI ne batAyA hai ki saM0 rA0 meM udvigna kA rUpAntara 'ubvinna' hA hai, aura kaI sthaloM para pAyA hai phira yahA~ udvigna kA rUpa uvinna hI honA cAhiye thA 'uDDoNa' nahIM / 'uDDIraNa' bhASA zAstra se udvigna kA rUpAntara nahIM Thahara sakatA, ataH isakA artha udvigna bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'uDDINa' kA artha 'ur3atA huaA' aura pUre zabda kA artha hogA AdhA ur3atA huA saa| artha kI samasyA kA eka kAraNa hotA hai-kisI zabda-rUpa meM vAhya-sAmya se artha kara baiThanA / saM0 rA0 meM eka zabda hai 'kosilli' isakA bAhyasAmya 'kuzala' se milatA hai, ataH TippaNaka aura avacUrikA meM (za0 22) isakA artha 'kuzalena arthAt kuzalatApUrvaka' kara diyA gayA / para 'dezInAmamAlA' meM isa zabda kA artha diyA gayA hai prAbhUtam / spaSTa hai ki TippaNaka aura avacUrikA meM lekhakoM ne isa zabda ke yathArtha artha ko grahaNa karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA / prAbhRtam artha ThIka hai, yaha DaoN0 dvivedI kA abhimata hai / zabda-rUpa ko artha kI dRSTi se samIcIna mAnane meM chanda kI anukUlatA bhI dekhanI hotI hai / DaoN. dvivedI ne saM0rA0 meM uthavaiNa keNai virahajjhala puNAvi agraMparihisayahiM' meM batAyA hai ki chanda kI dRSTi se isameM do mAtrAe~ adhika hotI haiM / unakA sujhAva hai ki 'sI' tathA 'ja' prati ke pATha meM 'virahahava' zabda hai, 'virahagajhala' ke sthAna para yahI ThIka hai| 'hava' kA artha agni hai / isI artha meM saM0rA0 meM anyatra bhI pAyA hai| isI prakAra chandadoSa bhI dUra ho jAtA hai, isIlie DaoN0 dvivedI ise kavisammata bhI mAnate haiN| 1. dvivedI, hajArIprasAda-saMdeza-rAsaka, pR0 12 / 2. vahI, pR0 21 / 3. vahI, pR0 531 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #367
zabda aura artha kI samasyA/333 isa prakAra hamane pANDulipi kI dRSTi se artha kI samasyA ko vividha pahaluoM se dekhA hai / isameM hamane pANDulipiyoM ke artha-vizeSajJoM ke sAkSyoM kA sIdhe upayoga kiyA hai / kintu isI ke sAtha sAmAnyataH artha-grahaNa ke upAyoM kA zAstra meM (kAvya-zAstra meM) jisa rUpa meM ullekha huaA hai, usakA bhI vivaraNa atyanta saMkSepa meM de denA ucita hogaa| kAvya zAstra dvArA pratipAdita tIna zabda zaktiyoM se sabhI paricita haiM, ve haiM : abhidhA, lakSaNA tathA vyaMjanA / eka zabda ke koSa meM kaI artha hote haiM / spaSTa hai ki kitane hI zabda anekArthI hote haiM, kintu eka racanA meM eka samaya meM eka hI artha grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, aisI 14 bAteM kAvya-zAstriyoM ne batAyI haiM jinake kAraNa anekArthI zabdoM kA eka hI artha mAnA jAtA hai, ye 14 bAteM haiM : 1. saMyoga, 2. viyoga, 3. sAhacarya, 4. virodha, 5. artha, 6. prakaraNa, 7. liMga, 8. anya sAnnidhi, 9. sAmarthya, 10. aucitya, 11. deza, 12. kAla, 13. vyakti, evaM 14. svr| kisI bhI zabda kA eka artha pAne ke lie ina bAtoM kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai| inakA vistRta jJAna kisI bhI kAvya-zAstrIya grantha (jaise-kAvya prakAza) se kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastutaH itanA to kisI bhI artha ko prApta karane ke lie prArambhika jJAna hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne jo cetAvanI dI hai, yaha dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai / ve kahate haiM, "prAcIna kaviyoM ke prayukta zabdoM kA artha karane meM vizeSa sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai| eka hI zabda vibhinna pradezoM meM vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai|" isa vAkya meM prAcArya mahodaya ne dezabheda se zabdArtha-bheda kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, ataH artha-grahaNa ke lie grantha aura lekhaka ke deza kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA hotA hai / yahI bAta kAla ke sambandha meM bhI hai / kAlabheda se bhI zabdArtha-bheda ho jAtA hai / viziSTa jJAna, jo pANDulipi-vijJAnArthI meM apekSita hai, usakI ora kucha saMketa Upara kiye gaye haiM / vividha vidvAnoM ke arthAnusaMdhAna ke prayatna bhI unake uddharaNoM aura udAharaNoM sahita batAye gaye haiM / inase artha taka pahu~cane kI vyAvahArika prakriyAoM kA jJAna hotA hai| usase mArga kA nirdeza mAtra hotA hai| 000 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #368
adhyAya 9 rakha-rakhAva pANDulipiyoM ke rakha-rakhAva kI samasyA pAraDulipiyoM ke rakha-rakhAva kI samasyA bhI anya samasyAoM kI bhA~ti hI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / hama yaha dekha cuke haiM ki pANDulipiyA~ tAr3apatra, bhUrjapatra, kAgaja, kapar3A, lakar3I, rezama, camar3e, patthara, miTTI, cA~dI, sone, tA~be, pItala, kA~se, lohe, saMgamaramara, hAthIdAMta, sIpa, zaMkha Adi para likhI gaI haiM, ataH rakha-rakhAva kI dRSTi se pratyeka kI alagaalaga dekha-rekha Avazyaka hotI hai| ___DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda aojhA ne batAyA hai ki "dakSiNa kI adhika USNa havA meM tADapatra kI pustakeM utane adhika samaya taka raha nahIM sakatIM jitanI ki nepAla Adi zIta dezoM meM raha sakatI haiN|" yahI kAraNa hai ki uttara meM nepAla meM tAr3apatra pustakoM kI khoja kI gaI to tAr3apatra kI pustakeM acchI dazA meM miliiN| isI kAraNa se 11vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke grantha kama milate haiM / 11vIM zatI se pUrva ke tAr3apatra ke grantha isa prakAra mile haiMdUsarI IsvI zatAbdI eka nATaka kI pANDulipi kA aMza jo truTita hai| cauthI IsvI zatAbdI tAr3apatra ke kucha ttukdd'e| kAzagara se maikarTina dvArA bheje hue| chaThI IsvI zatAbdI 1. prajJApAramitA-hRdaya-sUtra / / jApAna ke horiyUjI 2. USNISa-vijaya-dhAraNI (bauddha maTha meM / grnth)| sAtavIM IsvI zatAbdI skanda-purANa / nepAla tAr3apatra saMgraha / navIM (859 I0) zatAbdI paramezvara-tantra / kembrija saMgraha meN| dasavIM (906 I0) zatAbdI laMkAvatAra / nepAla ke tAr3apatra saMgraha meM / aura basa / yahI sthiti bhojapatra para likhI pustakoM kI hai| ye bhUrjapatra yA bhojapatra para likhI pustakeM adhikAMza kAzmIra se milI haiM 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipi-mAlA, pR. 1431 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #369
rakha-rakhAva/335 dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI I0 dhammapada khotAna (madhya eziyA) bhASA-prAkRta, se prApta / lipi-khrosstthii| ) cauthI zatAbdI I0 saMyuktAgama sUtra (saMskRta) khotAna se prApta / chaThI , , mi0 bebara ko prApta grantha pAThavIM , , aMkagaNita bakhzAlI se prApta / ina para mahAmahopAdhyAya projhAjI kI TippaNI hai ki "ye pustakeM stUpoM ke bhItara rahane yA pattharoM ke bIca gar3he rahane se hI utane dIrghakAla taka baca pAyI haiM, parantu khule vAtAvaraNa meM rahane vAle bhUrjapatra ke grantha I0sa0 kI 15vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke nahIM milate, jisakA kAraNa yahI hai ki bhUrjapatra, tAr3apatra yA kAgaja adhika TikAU nahIM hotaa|"1 ina ullekhoM se vidita hotA hai ki1. tAr3apatra-bhUrjapatra Adi yadi kahIM stUpa Adi meM yA pattharoM ke bIca bahuta bhItara dAba kara rakhe jAe~ to kucha adhika kAla taka surakSita raha sakate haiM / 2. aise khule grantha 4-5 zatAbdI se pUrva ke nahIM milate arthAt 4-5 zatAbdI to cala sakate haiM, adhika nhiiN| isI prakAra kI kAgaja ke granthoM kI bhI sthiti hai / pAMcavIM zatAbdI I0 4 grantha kugiara (ma0e0) meM (mi0 bevara ko mile) yArakaMda se 60 mIla bhAratIya gupta-lipi meM dakSiNa, jamIna meM gar3e likhe mile| saMskRta grantha kAzagara (ma0e0) meM kAgaja ke sambandha meM bhI aojhAjI ne yahI TippaNI dI hai ki "bhAratavarSa ke jalavAyu meM kAgaja bahuta adhika kAla taka nahIM raha sktaa|" Upara udAharaNArtha jo tathya diye gaye haiM unase yaha siddha hotA hai ki tAr3apatra, bhUrjapatra, yA kAgaja yA aise hI anya lipyAsana yadi bahuta nIce yA bahuta bhItara dAba kara rakhe jAyeM to dIrghajIvI ho sakate haiM / para yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki aise dA hue grantha bhI I0 san kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI se pUrva ke prApta nahIM hote / isakA eka kAraNa to bhArata para videzI AkramaNoM kA cakra ho sakatA hai / aise kitane hI aAkramaNakArI bhArata meM pAye jinhoMne mandiroM, maThoM, bihAroM, pustakAlayoM, nagaroM, bAjAroM ko naSTa aura dhvasta kara diyA, jalA diyaa| apane yahA~ bhI kucha rAjA aise hue jinhoMne aise hI kRtya kiye / ajayapAla ke sambandha meM TaoNDa ne likhA hai ki 1. bhAratIya prAcIna lipi-mAlA, pR01441 2. vahI, pR0 1451 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #370
336/pANDulipi-vijJAna "isake zAsana meM sabase pahalA kArya yaha huA ki usane apane rAjya ke saba mandiroM ko, ve AstikoM ke hoM athavA nAstikoM ke, jainoM ke hoM athavA brAhmaNoM ke, naSTa karavA diyA / isI meM Age yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki "samadharmAnuyAyiyoM ke matabhedoM aura vaimanasyoM ke kAraNa bhI lAkhoM kI kSati pahu~cI hai / udAharaNArtha-tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha nAmaka mukhya (jaina dharma ke) bhedoM ke ApasI kalaha ke kAraNa hI purAne lekhoM kA nAza adhika huaA hai aura musalamAnoM dvArA kama / "2 TaoNDa ko yaha tathya svayaM vidvAn jainoM ke mukha se sunane ko milaa| ___ ataH granthoM aura lekhoM ke nAza meM sAmpradAyika vidveSa kA bhI bahuta hAtha rahA hai, sambhavataH bAharI AkramaNoM se bhI adhika / yadyapi alAuddIna ke AkramaNa kA ullekha karate hue TaoNDa ne likhA hai ki "saba jAnate haiM ki khUna ke pyAse allA (abhiprAya alAuddIna se hai) ne dIvAroM ko tor3akara hI dama nahIM le liyA thA varan mandiroM kA bahuta-sA mAla nIMvoM meM gar3avA diyA, mahala khar3e kiye aura apanI vijaya ke antima cihnasvarUpa una sthaloM para gadhoM se hala calavA diyA, jahA~ ve mandira khar3e the / "3 ataH ina sthitiyoM ke kAraNa granthoM ke rakha-rakhAva ke sAtha granthAgAroM yA pothIbhaMDAroM ko bhI aise rUpa meM banAne kI samasyA thI ki kisI AkramaNakArI ko AkramaNa karane kA lAlaca hI na ho pAye / isIliye ye bhaNDAra tahakhAnoM meM rakhe gaye / TaoNDa ne batAyA hai ki "yaha bhaNDAra naye nagara ke usa bhAga meM tahakhAnoM meM sthita haiM jisako sahI rUpa meM aNahilavAr3A kA nAma prApta huaA hai| isa sthiti ke kAraNa hI yaha allA (uddIna) kI giddha-dRSTi se bacakara raha gayA anyathA usane to isa prAcIna zrAvAsa meM sabhI kucha naSTa kara diyA thA / " TaoNDa mahodaya kA yahI vicAra hai ki bhU-garbha sthita hone ke kAraNa yaha bhaNDAra baca gayA, kyoMki Upara aisA koI cihna bhI nahIM thA jisase AkramaNakartA yaha samajha kara aAkarSita hotA ki yahA~ bhI koI naSTa karane yogya sAmagrI hai| "jaina grantha bhaMDArsa ina rAjasthAna' meM DaoN0 kAsalIvAla jI ne bhI batAyA hai ki : atyadhika asurakSA ke kAraNa grantha bhaNDAroM ko sAmAnya pahu~ca se bAhara ke sthAnoM para sthApita kiyA gayA / jaisalamera meM prasiddha jaina-bhaNDAra isIlie banAyA gayA ki udhara registAna meM AtramaNa kI kama sambhAvanA thii| sAtha hI mandira meM bhUgarbhastha kakSa banAye jAte the aura AkramaNa ke samaya granthoM ko ina tahakhAnoM meM pahu~cA diyA jAtA thA / sAMgAnera, Amera, nAgaura, maujamAbAda, ajamera, jaisalamera, phatehapura, dUnI, mAlapurA tathA kitane hI anya (jaina) mandiroM meM Aja bhI bhUgabhita kakSa haiM, jinameM grantha hI nahIM mUrtiyA~ bhI rakhI jAtI haiM / Amera meM eka vRhad bhaNDAra thA, jo bhU-gabhaM kakSa meM hI thA aura abhI kevala tIsa varSa pahale hI Upara lAyA gyaa| jaisalamera ke prasiddha bhaNDAra kA sampUrNa aMza tahakhAne meM hI surakSita thA / aise tahakhAnoM meM hI tAr3apatra kI pustakeM tathA kAgaja kI bahumUlya pustakeM rakhI 1. TaoNDa, jemsa-pazcimI bhArata kI yAtrA, pR. 202 / 2. vahI, pR. 2981 3. vahI, pR. 2371 4. vahI, pR 2461 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #371
rakha-rakhAva/337 jAtI thiiN| loga / aisA vizvAsa karate haiM ki isase bhI bar3A bhaNDAra jaisalamera meM aba bhI bhUgarbhastha-kakSa meM hai / "1 sAmAnya pahuMca se dUra sthAnoM para grantha-bhaNDAroM ke rakhane ke kaI udAharaNa milate haiN| DaoN. raghuvIra ne madhya eziyA meM tunhvA~Ga sthAna kI yAtrA kI thii| yaha sthAna bahuta dUra registAna se ghirA huA hai / yahA~ pahAr3I meM khodI huI 476 se Upara guphAeM haiM jinameM ajantA jaisI citrakArI hai, aura mUrtiyAM haiM / yahA~ para eka banda kamare meM, jisameM dvAra taka nahIM thA, hajAroM pAMDulipiyA~ banda thIM, Akasmika rUpa se unakA patA calA / eka bAra nadI meM bAr3ha A gaI, pAnI Upara car3ha pAyA aura usane usa kakSa kI dIvAra meM saMdha kara dI jisameM kitAbe banda thiiN| pujArI ne IMToM ko khisakA kara pustakoM kA Dhera dekhA / kucha pustakeM usane nikAlI / unase vizva ke purAzAstriyoM meM halacala maca gii| sara aurIla sTAina daur3e gaye aura 7000 kharar3e (Rolis) yA kuMDalI grantha vahA~ ke pujArI se kharIda kara unhoMne briTiza myUjiyama ko bheja diye / 'Trejarsa praoNva da briTiza myUjiyama' meM isakA vivaraNa jo diyA gayA hai : ___ "Perhaps his (Stein's) most exciting discovery, towever, was in a walled-up chamber adjoining the caves of the thousand Buddhas at Tuahuang on the edge of the Gobi Desert. Here he fou'd a vast library of Chinese Manuscript rolls and block prints, many of them were Buddhist texts translated from the Sanskrit. The climate which had driven away the traders hy depriving them of essential water supplies had favoured the documents they had left behind. The paper rolls seemed hardly damaged by age. Stein's negotiations with the priest incharge of the santuary proved fruitful. He purchased more than 7,000 paper rolls' and sent them back to the British Museum. Among them are 380 pieces bearing dates between A. D. 406 and 995. The most celebrated single item is a well-pre served copy of the Diamond Sutra, printed from wooden blocks, with a date corresponding to 11 May, A. D. 868. This scroll has been acclaimed as the world's oldest printed book', and it is indeed the earliest printed text complete with date known to exist."'3 sabhI grantha acchI dazA meM mile / kahA~ sAtavIM-AThavIM IsvI zatAbdI se pUrva ke grantha kahA~ bIsavIM zatAbdI I0, itane dIrghakAla taka acchI dazA meM acchI taraha surakSita (Well Preserved) granthoM ke rahane kA kAraNa eka to dUra-darAja kA registAnI pahAr3I 1. Kastiwal, K. C. (Dr.) -- Jain Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan, p 23--24. 2. AcArya raghuvIra kI DAyarI ke AdhAra para uka lekha meM DaoN. lokezacanda ne batAyA hai ki yaha 17 naM0 kI guphA thii| isameM 30,000 valapitA (Paper rolls) thiiN| unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sTAina ke bAda perisa ke adhyApaka peliyo Aye; yahA~ 6 mahIne rahe aura bahuta-sI balayitAe~ le gaye / zeSa 8000 pecida meM rakhI gii| -dharmayuga, 23 disambara, 1973 '3. Francis, Frank (Ed.)-Treasures of the British Museum, p. 251. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #372
338 pANDulipi-vijJAna Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra mhhm TAIT " wilm FirstNE MATTERNAT - --- - INISTERSELD kap mp PARDA R-55500ms.fac L ETINGIGIPRASADOREGOLDERIALIS. LIDAEpinarian Hiro HRTO tunhvAGa ko 476 guphAoM kA DaoN0 lokezacandra dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA rekhAcitra-vizAla registAnI kSetra meM yaha phailI huI haiM / hAna vaMza ke samaya jahA~ cInI sainikoM ko mazAleM deza kI rakSA karatI thIM / inhIM mazAloM ke kAraNa isakA nAma tun (dhadhakatI) hvAGa (ketu) pdd'aa| registAna, pahAr3a, nadI ke kAraNa yaha surakSita sthAna mAnA gayA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

Page #373
rakha-rakhAva/339 sthAna dUsare, rakhane kI vyavasthA--jisa kakSa meM unheM rakhA gayA thA vaha acchI taraha banda kara diyA gayA thA, yahA~ taka ki bauddha pujArI ko bhI unakA patA hI nahIM thA ki vahA~ koI grantha-bhaNDAra bhI hai / usakA Akasmika rUpa se hI patA lagA / ___ isI prakAra hama bacapana meM yaha anuzruti sunate Aye the ki siddha loga himAlaya kI guphAoM meM cale gaye haiN| vahA~ ve Aja bhI tapasyA kara rahe haiN| DaoN0 baMzIlAla zarmA ne 'kinnaurI loka-sAhitya' para anusaMdhAna karate hue eka sthAna para likhA hai : ___ "niGapA-lAmA bhI kandarAoM meM prAcIna granthoM va lAmAnoM kI khoja karane lage aura unake ziSyoM ne ina sthAnoM meM sAdhanA prArambha kI / una logoM kA kathana thA ki ina gupta sthAnoM para padamasambhava dvArA racita grantha haiM tathA isa dharma meM vizvAsa karane vAle kucha mahAtmA bhI kandarAoM meM chipe baiThe haiM / "2 ___ inhoMne maukhika rUpa se mujhe batAyA thA ki ve eka bauddha lAmA ke sAtha eka kandarA meM hokara eka vizAla bihAra meM pahuMce, jahA~ saba kucha sone se yukta jagamagA rahA thaa| inheM vahA~ eka grantha dekhanA aura samajhanA thA, ataH himAlaya kI kandarAoM aura guphAoM meM granthabhaNDAroM kI bAta kevala kapola-kalpanA hI nahIM hai| ___ tAtparya yaha hai ki surakSA aura svasthatA kI dRSTi se himAlaya kI guphAoM meM bhI grantha rakhe gaye / bihAroM meM to pustakoM kA saMgraha rahatA hI thA, usakI pUjA bhI kI jAtI thii| zrI rAma-kRSNa kauzala ne 'kamanIya kinnaura'3 meM batAyA hai ki "15 pASAr3ha kI kAnam meM 'kaMjurajanoM' utsava manAyA jAtA hai / isa avasara para saba zikSita athavA azikSita jana zraddhAbhAva se kAnam bihAra ke vRhad pustakAlaya ke darzanoM ke lie jAte haiM / kAnam kA yaha pustakAlaya jJAna-mandira ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai|" ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki granthoM kI rakSA kI dRSTi se hI pustakAlayoM ke sthAna cune jAte the aura una sthAnoM meM surakSita kakSa bhI unake lie banAye jAte the / sAtha hI unakA Upara kA rUpa bhI aisA banAyA jAne lagA ki AkramaNakArI kA dhyAna usa para na jaay| 'bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA' ke lekhaka muni zrI punyavijaya jI ne 'pustaku ane jJAna bhaNDAronu rakSaNa' zIrSaka meM batAyA hai ki pustakoM aura jJAna-bhaNDAroM ke rakSaNa kI AvazyakatA cAra kAraNoM se khar3I hotI hai : (1) rAjakIya uthala-puthala (2) vAcaka kI lAparavAhI AcArya raghabIra ke suputra DaoN. lokezacanda ne apane lekha 'madhya eziyA kI dhadhakatI guphAoM meM AcArya raghubIra' zIrSaka lekha (dharmayuga : 23 disambara, 1973) meM batAyA hai ki "yaha zilAlekha mogAo guphA meM hai o tunhmA kI sabase pahalI guphA hai| thAGkAlIna zilAlekha ke anusAra san 366 meM bhAratIya bhikSu lochuna ne isakA maMgalArambha kiyA thaa|" (pR.28)| so spaSTa hai ki 4thI zatAbdI IsvI meM ina guphAoM kA Arambha ho gayA thaa| zarmA, baMzIlAla (DaoN.)-kinnaurI loka-sAhitya (aprakAzita zodha-prabaMdha), pR. 501 / kauzala, rAmakRSNa-kamanIya kitrIra, pR. 22 / bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 1091 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #374
340 pANDulipi-vijJAna (3) cUhe, kaMsArI Adi jIva-jantu ke AkramaNa, aura (4) bAhara kA prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa / rAjakIya uthala-puthala kI dRSTi se rakSA ke lie unhoMne likhA hai, "A temaja AnA jevA bIjA uthala-pAthalanA jamAnAmAM jJAna bhaNDAronI rakSA mATe bahArathI sAdAM dikhAtAM makAnoM mAM tene rAkhavAntaM prAMvatA / " yadyapi muni puNyavijaya jI yaha mAnate haiM ki kitane hI bar3e mandiroM meM jo bhUgarbhastha gupta sthAna haiM ve bar3I mUrtiyoM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie haiM kyoMki unako anAyAsa hI sthAnAntarita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isase bhI yaha bAta siddha hai ki mandiroM meM gupta sthAna the aura haiM aura, unameM grantha-bhaNDAroM ko bhI surakSita kiyA gyaa| kucha graMtha-bhaNDAroM ke tahakhAnoM meM hone ke pramANa karnala TaoNDa kI sAkSI se hI mila jAte haiM, to ye donoM upAya rAjakIya uthala-puthala se rakSA karane ke lie kAma meM lAye jAte the| vAcakoM aura pAThakoM kI lAparavAhI se bacane ke lie jo bAteM kI jAtI thIM unameM se eka to yaha ki vAcakoM ke aise saMskAra banAye jAte the ki jisase ve pustakoM ke sAtha pramAda na kara skeN| dUsare, isI sAMskRtika zikSaNa kI vyApti bhArata ke ghara-ghara meM dekhI jA sakatI hai, yathAH jahA~ likhane-par3hane kI koI vastu, pustaka ho, davAta ho, lekhanI ho, kAgaja kA Tukar3A hI kyoM na ho, nIce jamIna para kahIM gira jAya, azuddha sthala para gira jAya, azuddha hAthoM se chU jAe to use pazcAtApa ke bhAva se sira para lagA kara taba yathAsthAna rakhane kI sAMskRtika paramparA Aja bhI milatI hai / isase granthoM aura tadviSayaka sAmagrI kI rakSA kI bhAvanA siddha hotI hai| pustakoM ko par3hane ke lie yA to caukI kA upayoga hotA thA yA sampuTikA (TikhaTI) kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| isase pustaka kA jamIna se sparza nahIM hotA thaa| yaha bhI niyama thA ki svaccha hokara, hAtha-paira dhokara pustaka par3hI jAnI cAhiye / vaise yaha niyama yadyapi hamAre samaya se dhIre-dhIre kevala dhArmika pustakoM ke lie lAgU hone lagA thaa| phira bhI, isakI prakRti se bhI patA calatA hai ki pustakoM kI surakSA kI dRSTi se unake prati atyadhika Adara-bhAva paidA kiyA jAtA thA, ve pustakeM kisI bhI viSaya kI kyoM na hoM / isI ko munijI ne ina zabdoM meM batAyA hai "pustakan apamAna thAi nahIM, te bagar3e nahIM, tene cAnu bane ke ur3e nahIM, pustaka ne zardI garmI vagerenI asara na lAge ye mATe pustaka ne pAThAMni vacamA rAkhI tene Upara kabulTI ane baMdhana vITAni tene sAMpar3A Upara rAkhatA / je pAnA vAcanamAM cAlU hoya temane eka pATI Upara mUhakI, tene hAthano pAsevo nA lAge ye mATe pAnU ane aMguThAnI vacamA kAmbI ke chevaTe kAgaja nA Tukar3o je bukAI rAkhI ne vAMcatA / caumAsAnI RtumAM zardI bharamA vAtAvaraNo samayAnAM pustana ne bheja na lAge ane te coMTIna jAya ye mATe khAsa vAcananoM upayogI pAnAte bahArarAkhI vAkInAM pustaka ne kavalI kapaDu vagaire lapeTI ne raakhtaa|'' ina vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki vAcana-paThana ke lie TikhaTI para pustaka rakhI jAtI thii| saba prakAra ke svaccha hokara par3hane baiThate the / panne na kharAba hoM isalie kAmbI yA paTarI jaisI vastu paMktiyoM ke sahAre rakhakara par3ate the, isa prakAra se u~galiyA~ nahIM laga pAtI thiiN| garmI-sardI se bacane ke lie granthoM ko kapar3e ke thaile, 1. bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana kalA, pR. 1131 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #375
rakha-rakhAva/341 baste meM banda karake rakhate the yA unheM saMdUka yA peTI meM / unake Upara grantha-viSayaka prAvazyaka sUcanA bhI rahatI thii| cUhe tathA kaMsArI evaM anya jIva-jantuoM se rakSA ke lie munijI ne prAcIna-jainaparamparA meM ghor3A baddha yA saM0 ugragaMdhA pustakoM kI saMgraha-peTiyoM meM DAlI jAtI thI / kapUra kA upayoga bhI isIlie kiyA jAtA thaa| isI ke lie yaha vidhAna thA ki pustakeM donoM ora se dAvar3oM se dAba kara puTThoM ko pAvoM meM rakha kara khUba kasa kara bA~dha deN| phira inheM bastoM meM bA~dha kara peTI meM rakha deN| bAharI prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa se rakSA ___isa sambandha meM munijI ne batAyA hai ki dhUpa meM grantha nahIM rakhe jAne cAhiye / yadi granthoM meM caumAse yA barasAta kI namI baiTha gaI ho to dhUpa se bacA kara aise garma sthAna meM rakha kara sukhAnA cAhiye, jahA~ chAyA ho| pustakoM meM namI ke prabhAva se panne kabhI-kabhI cipaka jAte haiM / aisA syAhI ke banAne meM goMda mAtrA se adhika par3a jAne se hotA hai / namI se bacane ke lie eka upAya to yahI batAyA gayA hai ki pustaka ko bahuta kasa kara bA~dhanA cAhiye, isase kIr3e-makor3e se hI rakSA nahIM hotI, vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva se bhI baca jAte haiN| dUsarA upAya yaha batAyA gayA hai ki cipakane vAlI syAhI vAle pannoM para gulAla chir3aka denA cAhiye, isase panne cipakeMge nhiiN| cipake hue pannoM ko eka-dUsare se alaga karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki Avazyaka namI vAlI havA use dI jAya aura taba dhIre-dhIre sambhAla kara pannoM ko eka-dUsare se alaga kiyA jAya yA caumAse meM bhArI barasAta kI namI kA lAbha uThA kara panne sambhAla kara dhIre-dhIre alaga kiye jAyeM, aura bAda meM una para gulAla chir3aka diyA jAya, arthAt bhuraka diyA jaay| tAr3a-patra kI pustakoM ke cipake pannoM ko alaga-alaga karane ke lie bhIge kapar3e ko pustaka ke cAroM ora lapeTa kara apekSita namI pahu~cAyI jAya, aura panne jaise-jaise nama hote jAyeM, unheM alaga-alaga kiyA jAya / isa prakAra jaina-zAstrIya paramparA meM grantha-surakSA ke upAya batAye gaye haiN| aura, isI dRSTi se hama 1822 I0 meM likhe alivAr3e ke grantha-bhaNDAra (pothIbhaNDAra) ke TaoNDa ke varNana se kucha uddharaNa punaH dete haiM : ka-"aba hama dUsare ullekhanIya viSaya para pAte haiM vaha hai, pothI-bhaNDAra athavA pustakAlaya jisakI sthiti jisa samaya maiMne unakA nirIkSaNa kiyA usa samaya taka bilkula ajJAta thii|" kha-"tahakhAnoM meM sthita hai|" ga-"mere guru jI....... vahA~ pahu~cate hI sabase pahale ve bhaNDAra kI pUjA karane ke lie jA pahu~ce / yadyapi unakI sammAnapUrNa upasthiti hI kulupha (mohara) tor3ane ke lie paryApta thI parantu nagara-seTha ke AjJA patra binA kucha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| paMcAyata bulAI gaI aura unake samakSa mere yati ne apanI patrAvalI athavA hemAcArya kI prAdhyAtmika ziSyaparamparA meM hone kA vaMza-vRkSa upasthita kiyA, jisako dekhate hI una logoM para jAdU kA-sA asara huA aura unhoMne gurujI ko tahakhAne meM utara kara yugoM purAne bhaNDAra kI pUjA karane For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #376
342/pANDulipi-vijJAna ke lie Amantrita kiyA / " gha-tahakhAne ke taMga, atyanta ghuTanapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa unako isa (grantha) anveSaNa se virata honA pdd'aa| Da.--"sUcI kI eka bar3I pothI hai aura isako dekha kara ina kamaroM meM bhare hue granthoM kI saMkhyA kA jo anumAna mujhe unhoMne batAyA use prakaTa karane meM mujhe apanI evaM mere guru kI satya-zIlatA ko sandeha meM DAlane kA bhaya lagatA hai|" ca-'ve grantha (1) sAvadhAnI se sandUkoM meM rakhe hue the jo (II) mugda athavA kaggAra kI lakar3I (Caggar wood) ke burAde se bhare hue the / yaha mugda kA burAdA kITANuoM se rakSA karane kA acUka upAya hai| cha-sUcI meM aura sandUkoM kI sAmagrI meM bahuta antara thaa| ja-"isa saMgraha kI rakhavAlI bar3e sandehapUrNa DhaMga se kI jAtI hai aura jinakA isameM praveza hai ve hI isake bAre meM kucha jAnate haiM / " ___ ina vivaraNoM se vidita hotA hai ki bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se granthoM kI rakSA ke prati bahata sacetana dRSTi thI, isake lie sthAna ke cunAva, usako AkramaNakArI kI dRSTi se bacAne ke upAya, unake rakha-rakhAva meM atyanta sAvadhAnI tathA atyanta pajyabhAva se unake upayoga kI sAMskRtika AcArikatA paidA karane ke prayatna nirantara rahe haiM / ___ rakha-rakhAva kI jisa vyavasthA kA kucha saMketa Upara kiyA gayA hai, usI kI puSTi byUlara ke isa kathana se bhI hotI hai : (93) Wooden covers, cut according to the size of the sheets, were placed on the Bhurja and palm-leaves, which bad been drawn on strings, and this is still the custom even with the paper MSS.553 In Southern India the covers are mostly pierced by holes, through which the long strings are passed. The latter are wound round the covers and knotted. This procedure was usual already in early times554 and was observed in the case of the old palm-leaf MSS from Western and Northern India. But in Nepal the covers of particularly valuable MS$ (Pustaka) which have been prepared this manner are usually wrapped-up in dyed or even embroidered cloth. Only in the Jaina libraries the plam-leaf MSS sometimes are kept in small sacks of white cotton clotbwhich again are fitted into small boxes of white metal. The collections of MSS, which, frequently are catalogued, and occasionally. in monasteries and in royal courts, are placed under librarians generally are preserved in boxes of wood or cardboard. Only in Kashmir. where in accordance with Muhammadan usage the MSS are bound in leather, they are put on shelves, like our books. 1. Buhler, G.-Indian Palaeography. p. 147--48. 553. BerunI, Indial,171, (Sachau). 554. Cf. Harsacarita, 95, where the sutravestanam of a MS is mentioned. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #377
rakha-rakhAva/343 DaoN0 byahlara ke ukta kathana se una sabhI bAtoM kI puSTi ho jAtI hai, jo hamane anya srotoM se dI haiM / karnala TaoNDa ne kRmi, kIToM se rakSA ke lie jisa burAde kA ullekha kiyA hai, usakI carcA byUlara mahodaya ne nahIM kii| acche bar3e bhaNDAroM meM sUcI-patra (kaiTelaoNga) bhI rahate the, yaha sUcanA bhI hameM TaoNDa mahodaya se milI thii| yaha avazya pratIta huA ki lambe upayoga ke kAraNa jo grantha idhara-udhara ho gaye unase sUcIpatra kA tAla-mela nahIM biThAyA jAtA rahA; isIlie sUcIpatra aura sandUkoM ke granthoM meM antara pAyA gyaa| sile thailI-numA bastoM meM granthoM kI rakhane kI prathA bhI kevala jaina granthAgAroM meM hI nahIM, anya granthAgAroM meM bhI milatI hai / granthAgAroM meM granthoM ke veSTanoM ke Upara granthanAma, granthakarttAnAma, lipikartAnAma, racanAkAla, lipikAla, granthapradAtA kA nAma, zloka saMkhyA Adi sUcanAe~ dAboM para, pAToM yA puTThoM para likhI jAtI thiiN| isase baste yA peTI ke granthoM kA vivaraNa mila jAtA thaa| barnela mohadaya ne jAne kaise yaha Aropa lagA diyA thA ki brAhmaNa pAMDulipiyoM ko burI taraha rakhate haiM / isakA byUlara ne ThIka hI prativAda kiyA hai ki yaha samasta bhArata ke sambandha meM sahI nahIM hai, samasta dakSiNa bhArata ke lie bhI ThIka nhiiN| byahlara ne batAyA hai ki gujarAta, rAjapUtAnA, marAThA pradeza tathA uttarI evaM madhya bhArata meM kucha avyavasthita saMgrahoM ke sAtha, brAhmaNoM tathA jainoM ke adhikAra meM vidyamAna atyanta hI sAvadhAnI se surakSita pustakAlayoM ko dekhA hai| ___isa kathana se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM granthoM kI surakSA para sAmAnyataH acchA dhyAna diyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM pAzcAtya dezoM meM pepIrasa ke kharItoM (Scrolls) ko surakSita rakhane ke lie pArcameNTa ke khokhe banAye jAte the aura unameM kharItoM ko rakhA jAtA thA / bahuta mahattva ke kAgaja-patroM ko rakhane ke lie bhArata meM bhI lohe yA TIna ke Dhakkana vAle khokhoM kA upayoga kucha samaya pUrva taka hotA rahA hai / kAgaja meM vikRtiyA~ kucha anya kAraNoM se bhI hotI haiM, unameM se eka syAhI bhI hai / zrI gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA ne isa sambandha meM jo TippaNI prastuta kI hai usameM una bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinase pAMDulipiyA~ rugNa ho jAtI haiN| ina bAtoM meM hI syAhI ke vikAra se bhI pustakeM rugNa ho jAtI haiM yaha bhI batAyA hai| sAtha hI ina vikAroM se surakSita rakhane ke upAyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ taka hamane prAcInakAlIna prayatnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu Adhunika yuga toM vaijJAnika yuga hai / isa yuga ke vaijJAnika prayatnoM se pAMDulipiyoM kI surakSA ke bahuta upayogI sAdhana upalabdha hue haiN| abhilekhAgAroM (arkAibsa), pAMDulipi saMgrahAlayoM (mainyuskripTa 1. The Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. IV), p. 224. 2. dekheM dvitIya adhyAya, pR.52-611 3. "The ink used in making records is also important in determing the longevity of the record, certain kinds of ink tend to fade, the writing disappearing completely after a length of time. Other inks due to their acid qualities eat into the paper and destroy it. An ink in an alkaline medium containing a permanent pigment is what is required." -Basu, Purendu-Archives and Records : What are They ? For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #378
344/pANDulipi-vijJAna lAibrerI) Adi meM aba ina naye vaijJAnika jJAna aura upAdAnoM aura sAdhanoM ke kAraNa hastalekhAgAroM kI upayogitA kA kSetra bhI bar3ha gayA hai| kSetra ko bar3hAne vAle sAdhanoM meM do pramukha haiM : eka hai, mAikrophilma dvArA dUsarA hai, phoTosTaiTa / mAikrophilma ke eka phIte para kaI hajAra pRSTha utAre jA sakate hai, isa hara eka phIte para kitane hI grantha aMkita ho jAte haiM / aisA eka phItA choTe-se Dibbe meM banda kara rakhA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra graMtha apane lekhana-vaiziSTya ke sAtha pRSTha yA panne ke yathArtha citra ke sAtha mAikrophilma para utAra kara surakSita ho jAtA hai / ise ve zatru nahIM sparza kara pAte jinake kAraNa mUla grantha kI vastu ko hAni pahu~catI hai / hA~, mAikrophilma kI surakSA kI vaijJAnika vidhiyA~ bhI haiM, jinase kabhI kisI prakAra kI kSati kI prAMzakA hote hI use surakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu mAikrophilmAMkita grantha ko AsAnI se kisI bhI vyakti ko mAikrophilma kI prati karake diyA jA sakatA hai| isa para vyaya bhI adhika nahIM hotaa| hA~, mAikrophilmAMkita grantha ko par3hane ke lie 'rIDara' (paThana-yantra) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / bar3e saMgrahAlayoM meM ye bahuta bar3e AkAra ke yantra bhI milate haiN| sAtha hI 'mejI-yantra bhI hotA hai / aise paThana-yantra bhI haiM, jinake sAtha hI philma-kaimarA bhI lagA rahatA hai / ka. mu. hindI tathA bhASA-vijJAna vidyApITha, AgarA meM mAikrophilma kaimarA ke sAtha rIDara bhI hai / isa rIDara se pustaka kA yathArtha prAkAra hI darzita hotA hai| ___isI prakAra phoTo-sTaiTa (Photo stat) yantra se grantha kI phoTo-pratiyAM nikAlI jA sakatI haiN| ye grantha-pratiyA~ yathArtha grantha kI bhA~ti hI upayogI mAnI jA sakatI haiM / aisI pratiyA~ koI bhI pAThaka prApta kara sakatA hai, ataH surakSA bhI bar3hatI hai, sAtha hI upayogitA kA kSetra bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| Aja pustakAlayoM evaM abhilekhAgAroM Adi ke rakha-rakhAva ne svayaM eka vijJAna kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyA hai / isa para aMgrejI meM kitane hI grantha milate haiN| bhAratIya rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra (National Archives of India) meM abhilekhAgAra meM rakha-rakhAva (Archives-keeping)) meM eka DiplomA-pAThyakrama kA prazikSaNa bhI diyA jAtA hai / pAMDulipi-vijJAnArthI ko yaha prazikSaNa bhI prApta karanA caahie| hama yahA~ saMkSepa meM kucha saMketAtmaka aura kAma-calAU bAtoM kA ullekha kiye dete haiM jisase isake svarUpa kA kucha prAbhAsa mila sake aura pAMDulipi-vijJAna kA eka pakSa achUtA na raha jAya / hama yaha saMketa Upara kara cuke haiM ki jalavAyu aura vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva sabhI para par3atA hai, to vaha lekhoM aura tatsambandhI sAmagrI para bhI par3atA hai| kisakA, kaisA, kyA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha nIce kI tAlikA meM batAyA gayA hai : ___jalavAyu prabhAva 1. garma aura zuSka jalavAyu kAgaja tar3akane lagatA (Brittle) hai camar3A tathA sUkha jAtA hai pUchA vastu 1. meja para rakha kara upayoga meM lAyA jAne vAlA yantra / / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #379
rakha-rakhAva/345 - - - jalavAyu vastu prabhAva 2. adhika namI (humidity) kAgaja sikur3a jAtA hai evaM sIla jAtA hai| loca para prabhAba hai / 3. tApamAna meM atyadhika kAgaja vaividhya [jAr3oM meM 100 seM. (500 camar3e evaM phA0) tathA garmI meM 450 puDhe (1130 phA0) taka 4. tApamAna 320 seM0 (90 phA0 evaM namI 70 pratizata kIr3e-makor3oM, pustaka-kITa, silvaraphiza, kautroca, dImaka aura phaphUda yA caipA utpanna ho jAtA hai| burA prabhAva / jaldI naSTa ho jAte kAga Adi 5. vAtAvaraNa meM amla-gaisoM kA honA--vizeSataH salphara hAiDrojana se vikRta vAtA vrnn| 6 dhUla kaNa 7. sIdhI dhUpa kAgaja, camar3A, inase amla-gaisoM kI ghanatA puTThA Adi AtI hai aura phaphU dANu panapate haiM / kAgaja Adi kAgaja Adi para par3ane vAlI sIdhI dhUpa ko pustakoM kA zatru batAyA gayA hai| isase kAgaja Adi vivarNa ho jAte haiM, naSTa hone lagate haiM tathA syAhI kA raMga bhI ur3ane lagatA hai| upAya : bhaMDAraga-bhavana ko 220 aura 250 seM0 (720 - 780 phA0) ke bIca tApamAna aura namI (humidity) 450 aura 55 pratizata ke bIca rakhA jAya / sAdhana : vAtAnukUlana-yantra dvArA vAtAnukUlita bhavana meM ukta sthiti raha sakatI hai| bahuta vyaya-sAdhya hone se yadi yaha sambhava na ho to atyadhika namI ko niyantrita karane ke lie jala-niSkAsaka rAsAyanikoM kA upayoga kara sakate haiM / ye haiM : aila hAiDsa kailasiyama klorAiDa aura silikA gaila (Silica gel) / 20-25 dhana mITara kSamatA ke kakSa ke lie 2-3 kilogrAma silikA gela paryApta . hai / ise kaI taztariyoM meM bhara kara kamare meM kaI sthAnoM para rakha denA caahie| 3-4 ghaMTe For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #380
346/pANDulipi-vijJAna ke bAda yaha silikA gela aura namI nahIM sokha sakegA kyoMki vaha svayaM usa namI se paripUrita ho cukA hogA, ataH silikA gela kI dUsarI mAtrA una taztariyoM meM rakhanI hogii| pahale kAma meM Aye silikA gela ko khule pAtroM meM rakha kara garama kara lenA cAhiye, isa prakAra vaha punaH kAma meM Ane yogya ho jAtA hai / ukta sAdhanoM se vAtAvaraNa kI namI to kama kI jA sakatI hai, para yaha namI kabhIkabhI kamaroM meM sIlana (Dampne s) hone se bhI bar3hatI hai| isa kAraNa yaha Avazyaka hai / ki bhaMDAraNa ke kamaroM ko pahale hI dekha liyA jAya ki unameM sIlana to nahIM hai / bhavana banAne ke sthAna yA banAne kI sAmagrI yA vidhi meM koI kamI raha gaI hai, isase sIlana hai, ataH makAna banAte samaya hI yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki bhaMDAra-bhavana sIlana-mukta vidhi se banAyA jAya / yahI isakA ekamAtra upAya hai / namI aura sIla ko kama karane meM khulI svaccha vAyu kA upayoga bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai, ataH bhaMDAraNa meM khir3akiyA~ Adi isa prakAra banAyI jAnI cAhiye ki bhaMDAra kI vastuoM ko khulI havA kA sparza laga sake / kabhI-kabhI bijalI ke paMkhoM se bhI havA kI jA sakatI hai| kintu sAtha hI isa bAta kA dhyAna bhI rakhanA hogA ki bhaMDAra-kakSa meM vastuoM para, kAgaja-patroM para sIdhI dhUpa na par3e / isase hone vAlI hAni kA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / yadi aisI khir3akiyA~ hoM jinameM se dhUpa sIdhe granthoM para par3atI hai, to ina khir3akiyoM meM zIze lagavA kara parde DAla dene cAhiye, aura isa prakAra dhUpa ke sparza se rakSA karanI caahiye| pAMDulipiyA~ rakhane kI alamAriyoM kA bhI surakSA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattva hai / eka to alamAriyA~ khulI honI cAhiye jisase unheM khulI havA lagatI rahe aura sIla na bhare / dUsare, ye alamAriyA~ lohe kI yA kisI dhAtu kI hoM, aura inheM dIvAla se saTA kara na rakhA jAya, aura paraspara alamAriyoM meM bhI kucha phAsalA rahanA cAhie isase sIla nahIM car3hegI / ye alamAriyA~ hI Adarza mAnI jAtI haiM / dIvAloM meM banAyI huI sImenTa kI alamAriyA~ bhI ThIka nahIM batAyI gaI haiM / dhAtu kI alamAriyoM meM sabase bar3I suvidhA yaha hai ki ina para mausama aura kIToM (dImaka Adi) kA prabhAva nahIM par3atA, jo lakar3I para par3atA hai, phira inheM apanI AvazyakatA, surakSA aura upayoga ke anusAra vyavasthita bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAMDulipiyoM ke zatru : bhukar3I (Mould) aura phaphUda nAmaka do zatru haiM jo pAMDulipiyoM meM hI panapate haiM / phaphUda to pustakoM meM panapane vAlA vanaspatIya-phaMgsa (Fungus) hotA hai jabaki molDa meM zeSa sabhI anya sUkSma avayavANu pAte haiM jo pAMDulipiyoM meM ho jAte haiM / yaha pAyA gayA hai ki ye 45deg seM0 (40 phA0) para dhIre-dhIre bar3hate haiM, para 27-35 seM0 (80-95deg phA0) para inakI bahuta bar3havAra hotI hai| 38deg seM0 (100 phA0) se adhika tApamAna meM inameM se bahuta-se naSTa ho jAte haiM, ataH inheM rokane ke lie bhaMDAraNa bhavana kA tApamAna 22-24deg seM0 (72-75deg phA0) taka rakhA jAnA cAhiye / sAtha hI namI (hya miDiTI 45-55 pra0 za0 ke bIca rahanI cAhiye / / yadi bhaMDAraNa-kakSa ko ukta mAtrA meM tApamAna aura namI kA anukUlana sambhava na ho to eka dUsarA upAya thAImala rasAyana se vASpa-cikitsA (Fumigation) hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #381
rakha-rakhAva/347 thAImala cikitsA kI vidhi : eka vAyu virahita (eyararAiTa) bAksa yA binA khAne kI alamArI leN| isameM nIce ke tala se 15 seM0 mI0 kI U~cAI para tAra ke jAloM kA eka bastA lagAyeM, usa para granthoM ko bIca se khola isa prakAra rakheM ki usakI pITha Upara rahe aura baha , rUpa meM rahe / thAImala vASpa-cikitsA ke lie jo grantha isa yantra meM rakhe jAyeM unameM ukta avayavANumoM ne jahA~ ghara banAye hoM pahale unheM sApha kara diyA jAya / isa saphAI dvArA phaphUdAdi eka pAtra meM ikaTThI kara jalA dI jAya / use bhaMDAra meM na bikharane diyA jAye / isase bAda grantha ko yantra meM rakheM / isake nIce tala para 40-60 vATa kA vidyuta laiMpa rakheM aura usa para eka taztarI meM thAimala rakha deM jisase laiMpa kI garmI se garma hokara vaha thAimala pAMDulipiyoM ko vASpita kara sake / eka kyUbika mITara ke liye 100-150 grAma thAimala ThIka rahatA hai| 6-10 dina taka pAMDulipiyoM ko vASpita karanA hogA aura pratidina do se cAra ghanTe vidyuta laimpa jalA kara vASpita karanA apekSita hai| isase ye sUkSma avayavANu mara jAyeMge, para jo kSata aura dhabbe inake kAraNa una para par3a cuke haiM, ve dUra nahIM hoNge| jahA~ namI ko 75 pratizata se nIce karane ke koI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM ho vahA~ mithileTeDa spiriTa meM 10 pratizata thAimala kA ghola banAkara, granthAgAra meM kArya ke samaya ke bAda saMdhyA ko kamare meM usako phuhAra kara diyA jAya aura khir3akiyA~ tathA daravAje rAtabhara ke liye banda kara diye jAyeM / ina aNuoM ke kamare meM Thahare hue sUkSma taMtu, jo pustakoM para baiTha kara phaphada Adi paidA karate haiM, naSTa ho jAyeMge / isa prakAra granthAgAra kI phaphUMda Adi se rakSA ho skegii| kIr3e-makor3e : kaI prakAra ke kIr3e-makor3e bhI pAMDulipiyoM aura granthoM ko hAni pahu~cAte haiM / ye do prakAra ke milate haiM : eka prakAra ke kITa to grantha ke UparI bhAga ko, jilda Adi ko, jildabandI ke tAne-bAne ko, camar3e ko puDhe Adi ko, hAni pahuMcAte haiM / inameM eka to sabake suparicita haiM kokoca, dUsare haiM, rajata kITa (silvara phiza) / yaha kITa bahuta choTA, patalA cA~dI jaisA camakanA hotA hai| inake sambandha meM pahalA prayatna to yaha kiyA jAnA cAhiye ki inakI saMkhyA vRddhi na ho| isake lie eka bAta to yaha dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI ki bhaMDAra-gRha meM khAne-pIne kI cIjeM nahIM mAnI cAhiye / inase ye AkarSita hote haiM, phira phalate-phUlate haiN| dUsare, dIvAloM meM kahIM darAreM aura sa~dhe hoM to unheM sImeMTa se bharavA diyA jAya, isase kIr3oM ke chipane aura phalane-phUlane ke sthAna nahIM raheMge, aura unakI vRddhi rukegii| sAtha hI nepathalIna kI goliyAM alamAriyoM meM hara chaH phITa para rakha dI jAyeM, isase ye kITa bhAgate haiM / kintu ina kIToM se pUrI taraha mukti pAne ke lie to jaharIlI davAoM kA chir3akAva karanA hogA, ye haiMDI0 DI0 TI0 pATrovyama, soDiyama phlorAiDa Adi, inheM pustakoM para nahIM chir3akanA cAhiye / a~dhere konoM, darAroM, chidroM aura dIvAloM Adi para chir3akanA ThIka rahatA hai| ina jaharIle chir3akAvoM kA jahara granthoM para chir3akA gayA to grantha bhI dAga-dhabboM se yukta ho jAyeMge / ye kITa to UparI sataha ko hI hAni pahuMcAte haiM, para do aise kITa haiM jo grantha ke For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #382
348/pANDulipi-vijJAna bhItara bhAga ko bhI naSTa karate haiN| inameM se eka haiM, pustaka kITa (Book-worm), tathA dUsarA sosiDa (Psocid) hai| ye donoM kITa grantha ke bhItara ghusapaiTha kara bhItara ke bhAga ko naSTa kara dete haiM / bukavorma yA pustaka-kITa ke lArave to grantha ke pannoM meM Upara se lekara dUsare chora taka cheda kara detA hai, aura guphAe~ khoda detA hai / lAravA jaba ur3ane lagatA hai to dUsare sthAnoM para pustakakIToM ko janma detA hai / isa prakAra yaha roga bar3hatA hai| sosiDa ko pustakoM kA juM bhI kahA jAtA hai / ye bhItara hI bhItara hAni pahuMcAte haiM, ataH inakI hAni kA patA pustaka kholane para hI vidita hotA hai / inako dUra karane kA ilAja vASpa cikitsA hai, para yaha vASpa-cikitsA ghAtaka gaisoM se kI jAtI hai-ye gaiseM haiM, ethIlIna praoNksAiDa (Ethylene Oxide) evaM kArbana DAI praoNksAiDa milA kara vAtazUnya (Vaccum) vASpana karanA cAhiye / isake lie vizeSa yantra lagAnA par3atA hai / yaha yantra vyaya-sAdhya hai, ataH bar3e granthAgAroM kI sAmarthya meM to ho sakatA hai, para choTe granthAgAroM ke lie yaha asAdhya hI hai, ata: eka dUsarI vidhi bhI hai : pairA-DAikloro-benajIna (Para-dichloro benzene) yA tarala killopTerA (Liquid Kelloptero) jo kArbana TeTrAklorAiDa aura aithelIna DAiklorAiDa kA sammizraNa hotA hai, liyA jA sakatA hai / isameM vASpa-cikitsA ke lie eka sTIla kI aisI alamArI lenI hogI, jisameM havA na ghusa sake / isameM khAnoM ke lauha takhtoM meM cheda kara diye jAne cAhiye / ina takhtoM para sampUrNa lekhoM ko bichA diyA jAtA hai aura natthiyoM tathA granthoM ko isa rUpa meM bIca khola kara rakha diyA jAtA hai / yadi pairA-DAikloro-benajIna se vASpita karanA hai to zIze ke eka jAra (Jar) meM eka ghana mITara ke lie 1.5 kilogrAma ukta rAsAyanika ghola bhara kara ukta takhtoM ke sabase nIce ke tala meM rakha denA cAhiye aura alamArI banda kara denI cAhiye / isakI gaisa halakI hotI hai, ataH Upara kI ora uThatI hai / yaha rasAyana svayaMmeva sAmAnya tApamAna meM hI vASpita ho uThatI hai / sAta-pATha dina taka rugNa granthoM ko vASpita hone denA cAhiye / yadi killopTerA se vASpita karanA hai to yaha rasAyana prati eka ghana-mITara ke lie 225 grAma ke hisAba se lekara isakA pAtra sabase Upara ke tantra meM yA khAne meM rakhanA cAhiye / isakI gaisa yA vASpa bhArI hotI hai, ataH yaha nIce kI ora giratI hai / sAtaATha dina isase bhI rugNa sAmagrI ko vASpita karanA cAhiye / isase ye kITa, inake lArave Adi saba naSTa ho jaayeNge| para saMdhiyoM meM yA jilda baMdhane ke sthAna para banI nAliyoM meM inake jo aMDe hoMge ve naSTa nahIM ho pAyeMge, aura ye aMDeM 20-21 dinoM meM lArave ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM, ataH pUrI taraha chuTakArA pAne ke lie ukta vidhi se 21-22 dina bAda phira vASpita karane kI AvazyakatA hogii| dImaka : sabhI jAnate haiM ki dImaka kA AkramaNa atyanta hAnikara hotA hai / Upara jina zatruoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve dImaka kI tulanA meM kahIM nahIM Thaharate / dImaka kA ghara bhUgarbha meM hotA hai| vahA~ se cala kara ye makAnoM meM, lakar3I, kAgaja Adi para AkramaNa karatI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #383
rakha-rakhAva/349 haiM / ye apanA mArga dIvAloM para banAtI haiM jo miTTI se DhakI choTI patalI suraMgoM ke rUpa meM yaha mArga dikhAyI par3atA hai / pustakoM ko bhItara se, bAhara se saba aora se, khAtI hai, pahale bhItara hI bhItara khAtI hai| ___inako jIvita mArane kA koI lAbha nahIM hotA kyoMki dImakoM kI rAnI ausatana 30 hajAra aMDe pratidina detI hai| kucha ko mAra bhI DAlA gayA to inake AkramaNa meM koI antara nahIM par3a sktaa| isase rakSA kA eka upAya to yaha hai ki nIce kI dIvAla ke kinAre-kinAre khAI khodI jAya aura use kolatAra tathA kriyosoTa (Creosote) tela se bhara diyA jAya / ina rAsAyanika padArthoM ke kAraNa dImaka makAna meM praveza nahIM kara skegii| ____ yadi dImaka makAna meM dikhAyI par3a jAya to pahalA kAma to yaha kiyA jAnA cAhiye ki ve samasta sthAna, jahA~ se inakA praveza ho sakatA hai, jaise-darAreM, dovAloM ke jor3a yA sabhI pharza meM tar3ake hue sthAna aura chidra tathA dIvAloM meM ubhare hue sthAna, ina sabhI ko turanta sImenTa aura kaMkarITa se bhara kara pakkA kara diyA jAya / yadi aisA lage ki pharza kahIM-kahIM se polA ho gayA hai yA phUla AyA hai yA andara jamIna khokhalI hai, to Upara kA pharza haTA kara ina sabhI pole sthAnoM aura khokhaloM ko sapheda saMkhiyA (White arsenic), DI0 DI0 TI0 cUrNa, pAnI meM soDiyama prArsenika 1 pratizata kA ghola yA 5 pratizata DI0 DI0 TI0 kA ghola, 1 : 60 (4-5 lITara prati mITara) ke hisAba se unameM bhara deM / jaba ye sthAna sUkha jAyeM taba inheM kaMkarITa sImenTa se bhara kara pharza pakkA kara diyA jAya / aisI dIvAleM bhI kahIM se polI yA khokhalI dikhAI par3eM to inakI cikitsA bhI isI vidhi se karadI jAnI cAhiye / yadi lakar3I kI banI cIjeM, kivAr3eM Adi dIvAloM se jur3I huI hoM to aise samasta jor3oM para kriyosoTa tela cupar3a denA hogA, yadi dImaka kA prakopa adhika hai to prati chaThe mahIne jor3oM para yaha tela lagAnA hogaa| dImaka vAle makAna meM dIvAloM meM banI alamAriyoM kA upayoga niSiddha hai / yadi lakar3I kI alamAriyA~ yA raika hai to inheM dIvAloM se kama se kama 15 seM0 mI0 dUra rakheM aura inakI TA~geM kolatAra, kriyosoTa tela yA DIlaDrAina aimalasana se hara chaThe mahIne pota denA caahiye| jamIna meM dImaka ho to Avazyaka hai ki ina alamAriyoM kI TAMgoM ko dhAtu ke pAtroM meM rakheM aura ina pAtroM meM kolatAra yA kriyosoTa tela bhara deN| isase bhI pahale lakar3I kI jitanI bhI cIjeM haiM sabhI ko 20 pratizata jiMka klorAiDa ko pAnI meM ghola banAkara usase pota deN| sabase acchA to yaha hai ki lakar3I kI vastuoM kA upayoga kiyA hI na jAya aura sTIla ke raikoM aura alamAriyoM kA upayoga kiyA jaay| .. ___ isa prakAra isa bhayAnaka zatru se rakSA ho sakatI hai| ina sabhI bAtoM ke sAtha mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki bhaMDAraNa ke sthAna para dhUla se, makar3I ke jAloM se aura aisI hI anya gandagiyoM se svaccha rakhanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / bhaMDAraNa ke sthAna para khAne-pIne kI cIjeM nahIM pAnI cAhiye, usameM rAsAyanika padArtha bhI nahIM rakhe jAne cAhiye / sigareTa Adi pInA pUrNataH vajita honA cAhiye / Aga bujhAne kA yantra bhI pAsa hI honA cAhiye / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #384
350/pANDulipi-vijJAna rakha-rakhAva meM kevala zatruoM se rakSA hI nahIM karanI hotI hai, parantu pAMDulipiyoM ko ThIka rUpa meM aura svastha dazA meM rakhanA bhI isI kA eka aMga hai / jaba pAMDulipiyA~ kahIM se prApta hotI haiM to aneka kI dazA vikRta hotI hai / isameM nIce likhI bAteM yA vikRtiyA~ sammilita haiM : 1. sikur3ane, silavaTa, gur3I-mur3I hue patra / 2. kinAre gur3I-mur3I hue kAgaja (ptr)| 3. kaTe-phaTe sthala yA kinAre / 4. tar3akane vAle yA kurakure kAgaja / 5. pAnI se bhIge hue kAgaja / 6. cipake kaagj| 7.. dhuMdhale yA dhule lekha / 8. jale kAgaja / 9. kAgajoM para muharoM kI vikRtiyA~ / ina vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke aneka upAya haiM, para sabase pahale eka kakSa cikitsA ke lie alaga kara denA cAhiye / isameM nimnalikhita sAmagrI isa kArya ke lie apekSita hai : 1. meja jisa para Upara zIzA jur3A ho / 2. choTA hAtha presa (dAba dene ke lie)| Paper Trimmer) / 4. kaiMcI (lmbii)| 5. caakuu| 6. Poring Knives | 7. pyAle (pItala ke yA inAmila kiye hue) / 8. taztariyA~ (pItala kI yA inAmila kI huii)| 9. braza (U~Ta ke bAla ke 205-1.25 seM0 mI0 caudd'ii)| 10. Paper Cutting Slices (sIMga ke bane ho to acchA hai)| phuttaa| 12. suiyA~ (bar3I aura chottii)| 13. bodakina (cheda karane ke lie)| 14. takhta inAmila kie hue| 15. zIze kI pletteN| 16. degacI leI banAne ke lie| 17. bijalI kI istarI / marammata yA cikitsA kI vidhi ka-apekSita sAmagrI DaoN0 ke0 DI0 bhArgava ne ye sAmagriyAM batAyI haiM : 1. hAtha kA banA kAgaja :-yaha kAgaja kevala cithar3oM kA banA honA cAhiye / ye 11. phttaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #385
rakha-rakhAva/351 . cithar3e sUtI vastroM ke yA kSoma (linen) kA yA donoM se milakara, isakA banA ho, yaha sapheda yA krIma ke raMga kA ho| isakI tola 9-10 ki0grA0 (AkAra 51x71 se. mI0 pha0 500 kAgaja) honI cAhiye / isakA pI0 eca0 5-5 se kama na ho| anya vaiziSTyioM ke lie mUla pustaka dekheM / / / 2. Uli (TizU) patra :-pAMDulipiyoM kI cikitsA ke liye nimna vizeSatAoM vAlA patra honA cAhiye : (1) isameM elaphA sailyUloja 88 pratizata se kama na ho, (2) taula aura AkAra 25-35 ki0 grA0 (63.5X127 seM0 mI0 500 ptroN)| (3) rAkha 0.5 pratizata se adhika nahIM / (4) pI0 eca0 5.5 se kama nahIM / isameM tela yA moma ke tattva na hoN| 3. ziphana (Chiffon) nAlivasana :-jisameM jAlaraMdhra kI saMkhyA 33X32 prati varga seM0 mI0 (83 x 82 prati iMca) ho / isakI moTAI 0.085 mi0mI0 (ausatana) ho| pI0 eca0 60-6.51 4. tela kAgaja yA momI kAgaja :-yaha aisA ho ki pAnI na chane aura DaiksaTrAina yA leI (Starch Paste) kI cipakana ko na pkdd'e| sAtha hI, isake taila aura moma ke aMza kAgaja para dhabbe na DAle / inakI taula nimna prakAra kI ho to acchA hai, taila kAgaja : 22:7 ki0 grA0 (61x46 seM0 mI0 500 patra) momI kAgaja 5. malamala :-yaha citroM aura cArToM para car3hAI jAtI hai| yaha madhyama AkAra kI phulaskaipa ke dugane AkAra se bhI bar3I ho / bar3hiyA kisma kI ausata se 0.1 mi.mI. moTAI kii| isake sUta meM koI gAMTha nahIM honI cAhiye / 6. laMkalATa :-(Long cloth) 7. sailyUloja esITeTa phAyala :-yaha parNa pAMDulipi kA paratopacAra (lemInezama) karane ke kAma AtA hai, yaha parNa 107 seM. mI. (42 iMca) caur3e belanoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| paratopacAra ke lie yaha parNa *0223 mi. mI. moTAI kA acchI loca vAlA, arddhaArdratA kavacita (Semi-moisture proof), isameM nAiTreTa aMza na ho| cikitsA : 1. caurasa karanA pAMDulipi-patra ke kinAre tur3e-mur3e hoM to unheM caurasa kara denA cAhiye / isake lie pahale bhIge blaoNTiMga kAgaja ko pannoM ke kinAroM para kucha dera rakha kara unheM nama kiyA jAya . 1. Bhargava, K. D.-Repair and Preservation of Records. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #386
352/pANDulipi-vijJAna phira rakhe blaoNTiMga kAgaja usa para rakhakara prAirana ko kucha garama karake usako starita kara diyA jAya aura hAtha ke kAgaja kI katarana cipakA kara kinAre ThIka kara diye jaayeN| yadi likhAvaTa donoM ora ho to TizyU kAgaja kA upayoga kiyA jAya / yadi patra bIca meM jahA~tahA~ kaTA-phaTA ho to una sthAnoM para patra kI pITha para hAtha ke kAgaja kI cippiyA~ cipakA deN| yadi donoM ora likhAvaTa ho to TizyU-kAgaja cipakA deN| cipakAne meM goMda aura pesTa kA upayoga nahIM honA cAhiye, kyoMki ye bhIgane para phUlate haiM aura garamI meM sUkhate haiM aura sikur3ate haiN| isake lie maidA kI leI jisameM thor3A nIlA thothA ho to acchA rahatA hai, kintu do-tIna dina bAda phira naI leI banAnI cAhiye / TizyU kAgaja kA upayoga kiyA jAya to yaha leI nahIM, DeksaTrAina (dextrine) yA sTArca kI patalI leI kAma meM lAnI cAhiye / 2. anya cikitsAe~ : pUrA pUSTha parNana, TizyU cikitsA, ziphan cikitsA tathA paratopacAra / tar3akane vAle (Brittle) kAgajoM kA sailyUlAija esITeTa parNa se paratopacAra karanA Adhunika paddhati hai / isake lie samIcIna paratopacAraka presa (dAba-yantra) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usake anya upakaraNa bhI hote haiM / saba milAkara bahuta vyaya par3atA hai, eka lAkha rupayA to AsAnI se laga sakatA hai, kintu isake lie vikalpa bhI hai, jahA~ itanA kImatI yantrAdi nahIM lie jA sakate vahA~ vikalpa vAlI paddhati se paratopacAra (Lamination) kiyA jA sakatA hai / (ka) pUrNa pRSTha varNana - pAMDulipi kA kAgaja tirakanA ho gayA ho, usakA pUrNa pRSTha varNana dvArA cikitsA kara dI jAtI hai| pAMDulipi eka aora likhI ho to pITha para pUre pRSTha para varNana kiyA jAtA hai| hA~, aisI pAMDulipi ke panne kI pITha ko pahale sApha kara lenA hogaa| yadi pITha para pahale kI cippiyA~ cipakI hoM to unheM chuTA denA cAhiye / isakI prayoga-vidhi kA varNana isa prakAra hai| pAMDulipi ke panne ko momI kAgajoM yA tailI kAgajoM ke bIca meM rakha kara pAnI meM Adhe se eka ghaMTe taka hubA kara rakheM, phira nikAla leN| aba cippiyA~ AsAnI se chuTAI jA sakatI haiN| yadi pAMDulipi kI syAhI pAnI meM DAlane se phailatI ho to ise pAnI meM na DubAe~, anya vidhi kA upayoga kareM : cippiyoM ke AkAra kI blaoNTiMga pepara kI cippiyA~ kATa kara pAnI meM bhigo kara cippiyoM ke Upara rakha deN| jaba goMda kucha DhIlA hone lage to chuTA leN| jaba pAMDulipi kI pITha sApha ho jAya to pAMDulipi ke panne ke AkAra se kucha bar3A hAtha kA banA kAgaja (pUrA kAgaja cithar3oM se banA) liyA jAya / yaha kAgaja pAnI meM DubA kara zIze se yukta meja para phailA diyA jAya, yadi meja lakar3I kI ho aura Upara zIzA na ho to momI yA tailI kAgaja usa para phailA kara, isa kAgaja para vaha bhIgA kAgaja phailAyA jAya aura eka mulAyama komala kapar3e ko phera kara usakI silavaTeM nikAlakara usakI kaMDalita rUpa meM ghar3I kara leM, isa prakAra vaha belana ke AkAra kA ho jaaygaa| taba pAMDulipi ke panne ko tailI kAgaja para auMdhA bichA kara usa para leI (Starch Paste) braza se kara diijie| kuMDalita hAtha bane kAgaja ko eka chora para ThIka biThA kara isa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #387
rakha-rakhAva/353 kAgaja ko Upara phailA deM / sAtha hI eka kapar3e se yA rUI ke swale se use pAMDulipi para dAba-dAba kara bhalI prakAra jamA deM / taba pAMDulipi ko taila-kAgaja para se uThA leM aura dAba meM rakha kara sUkhane deM / isa samaya pAMDulipi kI pITha nIce hogii| sUkha jAne para 23 mi. mI. pAMDulipi mUla-patra ke cAroM ora isa kAgaja kI goTa chor3akara zeSa ko kaicI se katara dIjiye / 2-3 mi. mI. cAroM ora isaliye kAgaja chor3A jAtA hai ki pAMDulipi ke kinAre gur3a-mur3a na hoN| ziphana-cikitsA ziphana yA ucca koTi kI pAradarzI silka kA gA~ja ina pAMDulipiyoM para lagAyA jAtA hai jo bahuta jarjara, syAhI se khAI huI yA kIr3oM ne khAlI ho| pAMDulipi ke patra ko sApha kara leM / usa para lagI cippiyoM ko haTA deM, aura use momI yA taila kAgaja para bhalI prakAra bichA deM / usa phizana kA Tukar3A, jo pAMDulipi se cAroM ora se kucha bar3A ho, phailA deN| aba braza se leI (sTArca pesTa) lagA deM-leI lagAnA bIcoMbIca kendra se zurU kareM aura cAroM ora phailAte hue pUre ziphana para lagA deN| isa pAMDulipi ko momI yA taila kAgaja sahita dUsare momI yA tela kAgaja para sAvadhAnI se ulaTa deM jisase silavaTeM na par3eM / pahale vAlA tailI kAgaja, jo aba Upara yA gayA hai, use dhIre-dhIre pAMDulipi se alaga kara leM, aba pAMDulipi ke isa ora bhI pahale kI taraha ziphana kA Tukar3A bichA kara bIca se leI lagAnA zurU kareM aura pUre ziphana para leI bichA deN| aba use sUkhane deN| AdhA sUkha jAne para dUsarA tailI yA momI kAgaja Upara se rakha kara dAba-yantra meM yA do takhtI ke bIca rakhakara Upara se dAba ke lie bojha rakha deN| pUrI taraha mukha jAne para pAMDulipi ko sambhAla kara nikAla leM aura kinAroM se bAhara nikale ziphana ko kaiMcI se katara deN| yadi pAMDulipi kI syAhI pAnI se ghulatI ho yA phailatI ho to isa prakriyA meM kucha antara karanA par3egA / tailI yA momI kAgaja para pAMDulipi se kucha bar3A ziphana kA Tukar3A bichA deM aura leI (sTArca pesTa) bIca se prArambha kara cAroM ora bichA deN| usa para pAMDulipi jamA deN| usake Upara momI yA telI kAgaja phailA kara dAba deN| taba ziphana kA dasarA Tukar3A lekara talI yA momI kAgaja para rakha kara uparyukta prakAra se leI lagA deM aura usa para pAMDulipi usa pITha kI ora se bichA deM jisa para ziphana nahIM lagA / usa para momI yA tailI kAgaja rakha kara dAba meM yathApUrva sukhA leN| sUkha jAne para kinAroM se bAhara nikale ziphana ko kaiMcI se katara deM / Tizya-cikitsA jina pAMDulipiyoM kI syAhI phIkI nahIM par3I aura jo adhika jIrNa nahIM hue unakI cikitsA TizyU-kAgaja se kI jAtI hai / isameM saresarahita imiTezana jApAnI TizyU-kAgaja hI, jisameM telI yA momI aMza na hoM, kAma meM AtA hai / tailI yA momI kAgaja para pAMDulipi sApha karake phailA deM / usa para patalA lepa DeksaTrAina (Dextrine) kA kara deN| pAMDulipi se kucha bar3A ukta prakAra kA TizyU kAgaja lekara aba pAMDulipi para phailA deM aura bhIge kapar3e yA rUI ke phAhe se isa kAgaja ko pAMDulipi para dAba deN| isI prakAra pAMDulipi kI dUsarI ora bhI Tizya kAgaja lagA deN|' For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #388
354/pAMDulipi-vijJAna yadi DaiksaTrAina pesTa na mila sake to sTArca yA maidA kI patalI leI se kAma calAyA jA sakatA hai / Ajakala saresa yA leI kA upayoga kiyA jAne lagA hai| paratopacAra (lemInezana) paratopacAra ke lie eka yantra apekSita hotA hai| aisA yantra bhAratIya abhilekhAgAra (nezanala pArkAibsa) meM lagA hai| yaha bahuta vyaya-sAdhya hai| jo bahuta samartha granthAgAra haiM ve : nezanala pArkAinsa se vistRta jAnakArI prApta kara apane bhaNDAra meM yaha dAba-yantra (presa) lagavA sakate haiM / isa yantra se sailyUloja aisITeTa phAila ke parata pAMDulipi-patra ke donoM ora jar3a diye jAte haiN| pAMDulipi ke patroM ko aura puSTa karane ke lie TizyU kAgaja bhI phaoNila ke sAtha-sAtha jar3a diyA jAtA hai / yaha yantra to sTIma se kAma karatA hai| DablyU0 je0 baro (W. J. Barrow) ne eka vidyut-cAlita-yantra bhI isI kArya ke lie nirmita kiyA hai / ye donoM yantra hI vyaya-sAdhya haiM / hAtha se paratopacAra kintu 1952 meM bhAratIya rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra kI prayogazAlA ke zrI pro0 pI0 goyala ne eka navIna praNAlI kA AviSkAra kiyA thA jise hAtha se paratopacAra kI praNAlI kahate haiN| yaha praNAlI aba kisI bhI granthAgAra meM kAma meM lAyI jA sakatI hai| isameM na dAba kI AvazyakatA hai na garamI pahuMcAne kI AvazyakatA hai / eka paoNliza kiye hue zIze ke takhte para upacAra-yogya pAMDulipi kA patra phailA diyA jAtA hai / use sApha karake hI bichAnA hotA hai / isake Upara sailyUloja aisITona phaoNila, jo mUla pAMDulipi ke panne se cAroM ora se kucha bar3A ho, phailA dete haiM / isI ke AkAra kA eka TizyU kAgaja isa phaoNila para bhalI prakAra bichA deM : aba rUI kA eka phAhA lekara use aisITona meM Dubo kara pole-pole TizyU kAgaja para mleN| isa prakAra aisITona kA halakA lepa TizyU para ho jAtA hai, jisameM se aisITona chanakara sailyUloja phaoNila taka pahuMcatA hai aura use arddha-plAsTika banA detA hai / isa prakAra TizyU kAgaja ko pAMDulipi para bhalI prakAra cipakA letA hai / sUkha jAne para dUsarI ora bhI isI prakAra upacAra karanA caahie| isa vidhi ke kaI lAbha svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| eka to vyaya adhika nahIM, dUsare, vidhi sarala hai, tIsare, isameM syAhI nahIM phailatI, kAgajoM para lagI muhareM bhI jaisI kI taisI banI rahatI haiN| pAnI se bhIgI pAMDulipiyoM kA upacAra yadi pAMDulipiyA~ pAnI meM bhIga gaI haiM to unheM turanta bAhara nikAla leM aura unakA upacAra kareM, anyathA phaphUMda Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai / turanta bAhara nikAla kara pahale jitanA pAnI unameM se nicor3A jA sake, nicor3a leN| phira unheM khola-khola kara kamare ke andara rakheM aura bijalI ke paMkhe se havA deN| sAtha hI pratyeka panne ko eka-dUsare se alaga kara deM, yadi kucha panne cipake dikhAyI deM, to unako halake se mauthareM (binA dhAra ke) cAkU se halake se eka-dUsare se alaga kara deN| aba pratyeka do pannoM ke bIca meM momI kAgaja yA blaoNTiMga (sokhtA) kA pannA lagA deN| aba unheM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #389
rakha-rakhAva 355 bhalI prakAra dAba kara bacA pAnI bhI nikAla deN| inheM phira bijalI ke paMkhe ke nIce kamare ke andara sUkhane ke lie phailA deM / ye yA to mejoM para phailAye jAMya yA phira araganiyoM - kI DoriyoM para laTakAye jAMya / yadi kahIM bijalI kA paMkhA na ho to bhaNDAra-kakSa ke sabhI daravAje aura khir3akiyA~ khola deM, tAki svaccha vAyu ina pAMDulipiyoM ko sukhA de / inheM jaba taba loTate-palaTate rahane kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase inameM sabhI ora havA laga sake / aisI pAMDulipiyoM ko bijalI ke hITaroM yA dhUpa meM nahIM sukhAnA cAhiye / inake sUkha jAne para yA to ina para bijalI kA pAirana (istarI) kiyA jAya yA phira acchI dAba meM dAbA jAya / jo kAgaja Dhera ke Dhera eka sAtha sUkhe haiM, unake kAgaja paraspara cipake mileMge, ataH bahuta sAvadhAnI se upacAra karanA hogaa| pahale inheM bhIge blaoNTiMgoM (sokhtoM) ke bIca meM rakha kara vA anya vidhi se kucha nama kiyA jAya, taba mauthare cAkU se eka-dUsare se halake hAtha se alaga kara diyA jAya / paM0 udayazaMkara zAstrI jI ne isake lie vidhi batAte hue likhA hai "isakI uttama vidhi yaha hai ki eka maTake meM pAnI bhara kara rakha diyA jAya, jaba vaha maTakA pAnI se bilkUla sIma jAya taba usakA pAnI nikAla kara pheMka deM aura grantha ko usI meM lakaDI ke eka guTake ke Upara rakha deM aura usa maTake kA muMha banda kara deN| kama se kama cAra dina ke bAda grantha ko nikAla lenA cAhiye / isa paddhati se grantha ke cipake hue panne apane-Apa khula jAte haiM / " rakha-rakhAva sambandhI ina samasyAoM kA sthUla vivaraNa yahA~ diyA gayA hai jisase mAtra dizA-nirdeza hotA hai / phira bhI, ina samasyAoM ke lie tathA inake atirikta aura bhI samasyAe~ sAmane A sakatI haiN| unake lie ina viSayoM ke vizeSajJoM se sahAyatA lenI cAhiye / nezanala pArkAibja se hara prakAra kI sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| ArkAibja ne rakharakhAva kA eka DiplomA pAThya-krama bhI calAyA hai / kAgaja ko amla (Acid) rahita karanA kAgaja ke jIrNa hone ke kAraNoM kI bhI khoja karane ke prayatna hue haiN| bAhya kAraNoM kA ullekha ho cukA hai / unakA patA to lagA hI liyA hai, para kAgaja ke andara kucha aise tattva avazya haiM, jo usake hrAsa ke yA usakI jIrNatA ke kAraNa banate hai, isa sambandha meM bahuta anusandhAna, vizeSataH 18vIM aura 19vIM zatAbdI ke kAgaja para kiye gaye haiM / niSkarSa yaha nikAlA ki kAgaja meM amla kI adhikatA hI AMtarika rUpa se usakI jIrNatA kA kAraNa hai, bhale hI use prAdarza bhaNDAroM meM rakhA jAya, jahA~ tApamAna 22-250 meM aura apekSita napI yA ArdratA 45-55 pratizata ho, kAgaja prAntarika amlatA ke kAraNa jIrNa hogA / yaha amlatya kucha to usameM banAye jAne kI prakriyA meM hI milatA hai, kucha syAhI se tathA kucha una vastuoM se aura vAtAvaraNa se jinameM kAgaja rahatA hai / amla-nivAraNa ataH yaha prAvazyaka ho gayA ki kAgaja ko niroga karane ke lie use amla-rahita 1. zAstrI, udayazaMkara-bhAratIya sAhitya (julAI, 1949)- 121 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #390
356/pANDulipi-vijJAna kiyA jAya / DablyU. je. bairo (W. J. Barrow) ne isake lie bahuta kAragara cikitsA nikAlI hai / isa cikitsA meM kailamiyama hAiDraoNksAiDa aura kailasiyama bAIkAraboneTa ke ghola se kAgaja ko snAna karAte haiM / isase kAgaja kI amlatA dUra ho jAtI hai tathA prAge bhI amla ke prabhAva se kAgaja kI rakSA ho jAtI hai, ataH anya vAhya cikitsAnoM se pahale yaha amla-nivAraNa-cikitsA karanI cAhiye / rASTrIya-abhilekhAgAra (National Archives) meM amla-nivAraNa kI jo paddhati apanAyI jAtI hai, vaha kucha isa prakAra hai : pahale do ghola taiyAra kiye jAMya : 1. kailasiyama hAiDraoNksAiDa kA ghola (ghola-1) 5-8 lITara kI kSamatA kA zIze kA jAra (Jar) lekara usameM prAdhA kilo acchI kisma kA khUba pisA huA kailasiyama AksAiDa leM aura 2-3 lITara pAnI leM aura thoDA-thoDA cUrNa jAra meM DAlate jAMya aura tadanasAra pAnI bhI DAleM aura use halake-halake calAte jaayeN| yoM hilAte-hilAte samasta cUrNa aura pAnI mila kara dudhiyA krIma-sI bana jaayegii| yaha kriyA bahuta halake-halake karanI hai| yaha ghola bana jAye, 10-15 minaTa bAda isa ghola ko 25-30 lITara kI kSamatA ke inAmilDa (Enamelled) yA porsIlena ke jAra meM bhara denA cAhiye / aba phira halakehalake calAte hue isameM pAnI DAlanA cAhiye, isa prakAra ghola kA Ayatana 25 lITara ho jAnA cAhiye, aba ise nitharane ke lie kucha dera chor3a denA cAhiye / isase cUnA nIce baiTha jAyagA / aba pAnI ko halake se nithAra kara alaga kara diyA jAyagA aura aba phira dhIre-dhIre calAte-calAte usameM pAnI milAie, yahA~ taka ki Ayatana meM phira 25 lITara pAnI ho jAya / isa ghola ko barAbara aura khUba calAte jAnA cAhiye / 25 lITara pAnI ho jAne para punaH cUne ko tala meM baiThane deN| isa prakAra apekSA se adhika cUnA tala meM baiTha jAyagA / aba dUdhiyA raMga kA pAnI usake Upara rahegA / ise nithAra kara alaga kara leN| yahI apekSita ghola hai, jo hamAre kAma meM AyegA / baiThe hue cUne meM 25 lITara pAnI phira milAie aura khUba acchI taraha claaie| phira cUne ko tala meM baiThane dIjie aura Upara kA dUdhiyA pAnI nithAra kara kAma ke liye rakha lIjiye / isa prakAra vahI mAtrA kailasiyama kI 15-20 bAra kailasiyama hAiDraoNksAiDa kA kAma kA ghola de skegii| aba dUsarA ghola taiyAra kareM : kailasiyama bAikArboneTa ghola (ghola-2) 25-30 lITara kI kSamatA kA inAmilDa yA posalena ke jAra meM 1/2 kilo bahuta mahIna cUrNa kai lasiyama kAniTa kA ghola banAye aura use khUba calAte-calAte usameM se kArbana DAiAksAiDa gaisa 15-20 minaTa taka pravAhita kareM / isase kailasiyama bAikArboneTa kA apekSita ghola mila jAtA hai| ise banAne kI eka vaikalpika vidhi bhI hai| pahale svaccha (2) ghola ko lekara usameM duganA pAnI milAiye, aba isa ghola ko hilAte-hilAte calAte-calAte isameM se kArbana DAioNksAiDa gaisa pravAhita kIjiye, pahale isakA raMga sapheda ho For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #391
rakha-rakhAva 357 jAyagA, taba bhI calAte-calAte aura gaisa pravAhita kareM, aba yaha svaccha jala jaisA ghola ho jaaygaa| 30 lITara ke ghola ko 30-48 minaTa taka gaisopacAra denA hotA hai / apekSita ghola kailaziyama bAikArboneTa kA pAne ke lie| jaba ye donoM ghola taiyAra ho jAya to nimna vidhi se pANDulipiyoM kA nirmalIka ragA kiyA jAnA cAhiye : vidhi tIna inAmilDa taztariyA~ itanI bar3I ki unameM apane bhaNDAra se bar3I pANDulipi samA sake, leN| eka taztarI meM kailaziyama hAIDraoNksAiDa kA ghola (0.15 pratizata kA) dUsarI meM tAjA svaccha jala, tIsarI meM kailasiyama bAikAboMneTa kA ghola (0.15 pratizata kA) bhara kara rkheN| aba momI kAgaja (momI kAgaja kI bajAya sTenalesa sTIla ke tAroM kI vunI peTikA meM rakha kara bhI DubAyA jA sakatA hai) pANDulipi ke AkAra se bar3A lekara usa para pANDulipiyoM ke itane kAgaja rakheM ki ve taztariyoM ke ghola meM DUba sakeM-- unheM mogI kAgaja nIce rakha kara kailaziyama hAiDraoNksAiDa ke ghola meM DubA deN| 20 minaTa DUbe rahane deM, phira nikAla kara pahale pANDulipiyoM meM se ghola nicor3a deM, taba do minaTa ke lie isa pANDulipi ko svaccha jala meM Dubo leN| anta meM kailaziyama bAikArboneTa ke ghola meM 20 minaTa taka rkheN| usameM se nikAla kara ghola nicor3a dene ke bAda phira svaccha jala meM 2 minaTa ke lagabhaga rakheM / gholoM meM aura pAnI meM Dubone para taztariyoM ke gholoM aura pAnI ko halake-halake taztariyoM ko eka aora se kucha uThA kara phira dUsarI pora me kucha uThA kara hilAte rahanA caahiye| __yaha upacAra ho jAne ke bAda pAnI nicor3a deM aura kAgajoM ke Upara donoM ora sokhte rakha kara dAba se pAnI sukhA deM, phira unheM raikoM para sUkhane ke lie rakha deM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki jaba taka ye pUrI taraha na sakha jAya taba taka inako ulaTA-palaTA na jAya / amoniyA gaisa se upacAra ukta upacAra unhIM pANDulipiyoM kA ho sakatA hai, jinakI syAhI pakkI hai, aura jo pAnI meM na to phailatI haiM, na ghulatI haiM, ataH upacAra se pahale syAhI kI parIkSA karanI hogii| yadi syAhI para pAnI kA prabhAva par3atA hai, to usake kAgaja ke nirmalIkaraNa karane ke lie eka anya vikalpa se kAma lenA hogA / yaha vikalpa hai amoniyA gaisa se upacAra / isake lie khAnoM vAlI aisI alamArI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jisake khAnoM ke takhte calanI kI bhA~ti chedoM se yukta hote haiM / ina para pANDulipiyA~ khola kara phailA dI jAtI haiN| aba 1 : 10 anupAta meM pAnI meM amoniyA kA ghola banA kara eka taztarI meM sabase nIce ke khAne ke tala meM rakha deM / isa prakAra amoniyA gaisa kAgajoM kA nirmalIkaraNa kara degii| cAra-pA~ca ghaNToM ke lie alamArI bilkula baMda karake rakhanI hogii| isake bAda, ina pANDulipiyoM ko 10-12 ghaNTe svaccha vAyu meM rakhanA hotA hai| tAr3apatra evaM bhojapatra kA upacAra kIr3e-makor3oM se rakSA ke lie to paMDI aura ghor3A beca kapar3e meM bA~dha kara bastoM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #392
358/pANDulipi-vijJAna meM yA alamAriyoM meM rakhane se kIr3e-makor3e nahIM pAte / aAjakala nepathalIna kI goliyA~ yA kapUra se bhI yaha kAma liyA jA sakatA hai| tirakane vAle (Brittle) tAr3a evaM bhojapatroM kA upacAra pahale kAgaja ke lie batAe ziphana-upacAra kI vidhi se kiyA jAnA cAhiye / ziphana tAr3apatra ke grAkAra se cAroM ora se kucha bar3I honI cAhiye, tAki patroM ke kinAre kSatigrasta na ho sakeM / kucha vizeSa surakSA ke lie ziphana-upacArita pANDulipiyoM ko pANDulipi ke yogya puTu ke kholoM yA baksoM meM rakha denA cAhiye / tAr3apatroM evaM bhojapatroM para dhUla jama jAtI hai, jo unheM kSati pahu~cAtI hai / inameM se jinakI syAhI pAnI se prabhAvita na hotI ho unakI saphAI pAnI meM glisarIna (1:1) kA ghola banA kara usase rUI ke phAhe se karanI cAhiye / jinakI syAhI pAnI me prabhAvita hotI ho, unakI saphAI kArbana TeTrAklorAiDa yA aisITona se kI jAnI cAhiye / / ___ tAr3apatra yA bhojapatra, jo kAjala kI syAhI se likhe gaye haiM, yadi unakI syAhI phIkI par3a jAya yA ur3a jAya to unakA upacAra nahIM ho sakatA hai, kintu yadi tAr3Atra para zalAkA se kaura kara likhA gayA hai to unakI syAhI ur3a jAne para upacAra sambhava hai / taba grephAiTa kA cUrNa rUI ke paiDa se usa tAr3apatra para malA jAtA hai aura bAda meM rUI ke phAhe se use poMcha diyA jAtA hai, jisase tAr3apatra meM akSara syAhI se jagamagAne lagate haiM aura tADapatra svaccha bhI ho jAtA hai| yadi tAr3apatra yA bhojapatra cipaka jAyeM to inheM tarala, garma pairAphIna meM DuboyA jAtA hai aura taba bahuta adhika sAvadhAnI se eka-eka patra alaga kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakriyA ke lie bahuta abhyAsa apekSita hai| binA abhyAsa ke patroM ko alaga karane se grantha kI hAni ho sakatI hai, ataH dakSa aura abhyasta hAthoM se hI yaha kAma karanA cAhiye / Upara granthoM ke rakha-rakhAva aura surakSA aura marammata ke lie jo upacAra diye gaye haiM, unameM DaiksaTrAina tathA sTArca kI leI kA upayoga batAyA gayA hai| inake banAne kI vidhi nimna prakAra hai : DaiksTrAina kI leI DaiksTrAina 2.5 kilo pAnI 5.) kilo lauMga kA tela 40 grAma saphparola 40 grAma beriyama kArboneTa vidhi eka pItala kI degacI meM pAnI ubAlane rakheM / 90deg seM0 kA tApamAna ho jAne para DaiksTrAina kA cUrNa pAnI meM milAiye, dhIre-dhIre pAnI ko khuba calAte jAiye tAki DaiksTrAina samAna rUpa se mile aura guThale na par3ane pAyeM / 2.5 kilo DaiksTrAina isa vidhi se milAne meM 30-40 minaTa taka laga sakate haiN| aba isa ghola ko barAbara calAte jAiye aura isameM veriyama kArboneTa aura milA diijiye| taba lauMga kA tela aura sapaparola bhI 80 grAma For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #393
rakha-rakhAva/359 pAnI DAla dIjiye, aura sabako ekamela kara diijiye| sabake bhalI-bhA~ti mila jAne para 6-8 minaTa taka pakAiye, taba prAga se utAra lIjiye / DaiksTrAina kI leI taiyAra haiM / maide (sTArca) kI leI maidA 250 grAma 5.00 kilo lauMga kA tela 40 grAma saphpharola 40 grAma beriyama kAneTa 80 grAma banAne kI vidhi Upara jaisI hai, kevala DeksTrAina kA sthAna maidA le letI hai| camar3e kI jildoM kI surakSA kucha pANDulipiyA~ camar3e kI jildoM meM milatI haiN| camar3A majabUta vastu hai aura pANDulipi kI acchI rakSA karatA hai| phira bhI vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAva se kabhI-kabhI yaha bhI prabhAvita hotA hai jisase camar3A bhI tar3akane lagatA hai, ataH camar3e kI surakSA bhI zrAvazyaka hai| isake lie pahale to camar3e ko niramla karanA hogA / eka mulAyama kapar3e kI gadelI se pahale jilda ke camar3e se dhUla ke karaNa bilkula haTA deN| phira 1-2 pratizata soDiyama bainajoeTa (Sodium Benzoate) ke ghola se bhIge phAhe se jilda para vaha ghola pota deM aura jilda ko sUkha jAne deN| isake bAda nIce dI gaI vastuoM se bane mikzacara se use upacArita kareM : 1. lenolina enhoDsa 300 grAma 2. zahada ke chatte kA moma 15 grAma 3. sIDara vuDa tela 30 migrA0 4. benajIna (Benzene) 350 migrA0 pahale benajIna ko kucha garama karake usameM moma milA diyA jAtA hai / taba sIDaravuDa tela milAte haiM aura bAda meM lenolina isa mikzacara ko khUba hilA kara kAma meM lenA caahiye| ise eka braza se camar3e para bhalI prakAra cupar3a denA cAhiye / usake sUkha jAne para bhaNDAra meM yathAsthAna rakha diyA jAnA cAhiye / isase camar3e kI prAva pahale jaisI ho jAtI hai, aura vaha bhalI prakAra puSTa bhI ho jAtA hai / / yaha mikzacara atyanta jvalanazIla hai, ataH prAga se dUra rakhanA cAhiye / yaha sAvadhAnI bahuta Avazyaka hai / vastutaH rakha-rakhAva kA pUrA kSetra 'prabandha-prazAsana' ke antargata AtA hai / prabandhaprazAsana eka alaga hI aMga hai, jisa para alaga se hI vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / isake lie kitane hI prakAra ke prazikSaNa bhI diye jAne lage haiM, yaha sIdhe hamAre kSetra meM nahIM AtA hai, para rakha-rakhAva kA pANDulipi para bahuta prabhAva par3atA hai, isalie kucha cacA isa viSaya kI yahA~ bhAratIya abhilekhAgAra (nezanala pArkAibja) se prakAzita do mahattvapUrNa pustakoM ke prAdhAra para kara dI gaI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #394
360. pANDulipi-vijJAna isa viSaya ke acche jJAna ke lie inhIM pustakoM meM kucha cunI huI upayogI sAmagrI kA vivaraNa bhI diyA gayA hai, usa vivaraNa meM se kucha kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai : Back. E. A. Book-worms. pustaka-kIToM ke sambandha meM yaha lekha 'da iMDiyana prArakA ibsa' nAmaka patrikA ke khaNDa saMkhyA 2, 1947 meM nikalA / yaha patrikA 'nezanala ArkAibja praoNva iMDiyA', naI dillI kA prakAzana hai| Barrow, W. J. Manuscripts and Documents, Their Deteriora tion and Restoration. yaha pANDulipiyoM.aura abhilekhoM ke hrAsa aura cikitsA para, 'yUnivarsiTI praoNva varjIniyA, presa', zAralauTasa vile, varajIniyA kA prakAzana hai| Barrow, W. J... Procedure and Equipment in the Barrow Method of Restoring Manuscripts and Docu ments. baro praNAlI se pANDulipiyoM aura abhilekhoM kI cikitsA kI pravidhi aura usake lie apekSita yantra-sAdhanAdi para yaha kRti 'yUnivarsiTI praoNva varajIniyA presa' se prakAzita hai| Basu Purnendu Common Enemies of Records. abhilekhoM ke sAmAnya zatruoM para yaha lekha 'da iMDiyana pArakAibja' ke khaMDa-5, aMka 1, 1951 meM prakAzita / / Chakravorti, S. Vaccum Fumigation: A New technique for Preservation of Records. vASpIkaraNa se abhilekhoM kI surakSA para yaha kRti 'sAinsa eMDa kalcara' : aMka II (1943-44) meM prakAzita / A Review of Lamination Process. paratopacAra cikitsA para yaha kRti 'da iMDiyana ArakAinsa meM khaMDa 1, aMka 4, 1947 meM prakAzita / Goel, O. P. Repair of Documents with Cellulose Acetate on small scale. yaha selyUloja esITeTa cikitsA para lekha 'da iMDiyana pArakAibja' khaMDa 7, aMka 2, 1953 meM prakAzita / Gupta, R.C. How to Fight White Ants. dImaka se rakSA para yaha kRti 'da iMDiyana prArakAibja' khaMDa 8, aMka 2, 1954 meM prakAzita / Kathpadia, Y. P. Hand Lamination with Cellulose Acetate. hAtha se sailyUloja aisITeTa se paratIkaraNa cikilsA para .. ... kRti 'amerikana prAkivisTa', julAI, 1959 meM prakAzita / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #395
rakha-rakhAva/361 Majumdar, P. C. Birch-bark and Clay-coated Manuscripts. bhojapatra tathA mRdulopita pAMDulipiyoM para yaha kRti 'da iMDiyana prArakAibja' ke khaMDa-11, aMka-1-2, 1956 meM prakAzita / Ranbir Kishore The Preservation of Rare Books and Manuscripts. durlabha granthoM aura pAMDulipiyoM kI surakSA para yaha kRti 'da sanaDe sTeTsamena' mArca 1, 1955 meM prakAzita / Preservation and Repair of Palm-leaf Manuscripts. tAr3apatra kI pAMDulipiyoM kI surakSA aura cikitsA para yaha kRti 'da iMDiyana ArakAibja' khaNDa-14 (janavarI 1961 disambara 1962) meM prakAzita / Talwar, V. V. Record Materials : Their Deterioration and Preservation. abhilekha sAmagrI ke rugNa hone aura surakSA para yaha kRti 'janarala oNva da madhya-pradeza itihAsa pariSada', bhopAla, aMka-11 (1962) meM prakAzita / ukta sAhitya se prastuta viSaya para kucha aura adhika jAnakArI mila sakatI hai| yahA~ hamane aitihAsika dRSTi se prAcIna aura usake sAtha navIna vaijJAnika rakSApraNAliyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki pAMDulipi-vijJAna ke vidyArthI ke lie rakha-rakhAva ke viSaya meM itanA jJAna atyanta apekSita hai| upasaMhAra : ... aba isa grantha kA samApana karate hue itanA hI kahanA aura zeSa hai ki 'pAMDulipivijJAna' kI vastutaH yaha prathama pustaka hai| isameM vividha kSetroM se prAvazyaka sAmagrI lekara eka sUtra meM gUMtha kara eka naye vijJAna kI AdhAra-zilA prastuta kI gaI hai, bharosA yaha hai ki isase preraNA lekara yaha vijJAna aura adhika pallavita, puSpita evaM phalita hogA / 000 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #396
pariziSTa-eka ( prathama adhyAya ke pRSTha 17 ke lie yaha pariziSTa hai ) kucha aura prasiddha pustakAlaya krama saMkhyA samaya sthAna/nAma vivaraNa 1. 2300 I0 pU0 se pUrva 2. 324 I0 pU0 se pUrva sIriyA meM miTTI kI iMToM para lekha Adhunika taillamAraDikha mile haiN| inakI lipi kyUnIphArma rUpa (Tellmardich) ke kI hai| ina IMToM ke lekhoM ko par3hane ke nikaTa] prayatna kie jA rahe haiN| aiDale meM prAcIna prayatna kirAyA saMskRti kA kendra thaa| vahIM yaha pustakAlaya thaa| takSazilA 'miTTI ke sanama' meM zrI kRSNa candara ne (sikandara ne ise bahuta likhA hai- "paMjA sAhaba se lauTakara samRddha aura vizAla TekanalA Ae, jahA~ purAne jamAne kI nagara pAyA) sabase purAnI aura aitihAsika takSa zilA yUnIvarsiTI ke khaNDahara khode jA rahe the| takSazilA ke eskIthiyeTara, takSazilA ke hosTala, takSazilA ke nahAne ke tAlAba yUnivarsiTI ke dUsare prabandha dekha kara akla daMga raha jAtI hai ki Aja se hajAroM varSa pUrva isa purAnI yUnivarsiTI meM zikSA-dIkSA kI kitanI uttama aura ucca vyavasthA thI / " (dharmayuga, 27 pharavarI, 1966, pRSTha 31) / yahIM pANini jaise vaiyAkaraNa ne, jInaka jaise vaidya ne, aura cANakya jaise rAjanItijJa aura arthazAstrI ne yahIM zikSA pAyI thii| aise vizvavidyAlaya meM aisA hI mahAn pustakAlaya rahA hogaa| isameM kyA saMdeha kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isake gaMgU nAmaka stUpa se kharoSThI lipi meM likhA sone kA eka pattara janarala kaniMghama ko milA thaa| isameM eka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #397
pariziSTa-eka, 363 12 3 pUrva prAcArya ke pAsa 500 chAtra adhyayana karate the| isameM vizva khyAti ke kaI prAcArya the| "Takshila contained the celebrated University of Northern India (Rajovad-Jataka) up to the first century A. D. like Balabhi of Western, Nalanda of Eastern, Kanchipura of Southern and Dha akataka of Central India." 3. 246 I0 pU0 se pATaliputra/paTanA 246 I0 pU0 meM tRtIya bauddha pariSad huI thii| isameM bauddha-siddhAnta granthoM para carcA huI thI / pATaliputra ajAtazatru ke do mantriyoM ne basAyA thaa| mauryakAla meM yaha viziSTa vidyA kA kendra thA / 4. 140 I0 pU0 kAzmIra pataMjali kAzmIra meM rahe the| kAzmIra sarasvatI maMdira, yahA~ se pATha vyAkaraNa graMtha hemacandrAcArya kAzmIra ke lie maMgAye gaye the| 6. 80 I0 pU0 laMkA bauddha grantha lipibaddha kiye gaye the / laMkA-haMguranaketa, bihAra isake caitya meM hajAroM rupaye ke bahumUlya (kaDi jile meM) grantha gar3havA diye gaye the| cA~dI ke patroM para 'dinaya piTaka' ke do prakaraNa, abhidhamma ke sAta prakaraNa tathA 'dIrghanikAya' gar3havAye gaye the| cIna kA yaha pustakAlaya bhI prAcIna honA cAhie / tunahAGa kI zeSa 8000 balitAe~ isI pustakAlaya meM bheja dI gayI thiiN| (DaoN. lokezacanda jI ne batAyA hai ki unake pitAjI DaoN0 raghuvIra ina 8000 valitAoM kI mAikrophilma karA lAye the / ye unake saMgraha meM haiN)| .9. 126 I0 .. ujjaina ujjaina bahuta purAnA nagara hai / bhAratIya saMskRti kA yahA~ srota thaa| samrATa peiciDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #398
364/pANDulipi-vijJAna 1 2 10. 160 I0 ADivIsAM (ur3IsA) 11. 160 I0 dhAnyakUTa 12. 222 I0 ... madhya bhArata azoka yahA~ rahe the / vikramAditya kI rAjadhAnI thI / yaha nava-ratnoM kI nagarI hai / yahA~ granthAgAra the / bhagavAna kRSNa ke guru sAMdIpani kA Azrama aMkapAda ujjaina se kucha hI dUra hai| mahAbhArata yuga meM yahA~ prasiddha vidyApITha thA, bhartRhari kI guphA bhI ujjaina meM hai| bhartRhari vidvAna aura yogI the / unake pAsa bhI acchA granthAgAra thaa| nAgArjuna ne vihAra sthApita karAye / inameM pustakAlaya hoMge hii| nAgArjuna ne yahA~ ke mandiroM kI parikha (railing) bnvaayii| nAgArjuna ne bauddha vizvavidyAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA thA, pustakAlaya hogA hii| yahA~ se dharmapAla isa varSa cIna gayA / cIna meM isane 'pAti mokhkha' kA anuvAda 250 I0 meM kiyA thaa| Sang-hurui zramaNa ne vihAra bnvaayaa| 251 I0 meM anuvAda kArya Arambha kiyaa| anuvAda pITha / 313 se 317 taka 'tunahvAGa' ke zramaNa dharmarakSa ne anuvAda kArya kiyaa| isameM 30,000 valitAe~ thiiN| 1957 vi0 meM anAyAsa hI inakA patA calA thA / sahasra buddha guphA ke caittha kI kucha pANDulipiyA~ bhArata meM madhya eziyAI saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / (266 I0 meM 'cuphAnhu' arthAt 'dharmarakSa' zramaNa tunahvAGa lopAMga gayA thaa| 366 se 100 varSa pUrva hI 'tunahvAGa' meM acchA pustakAlaya sthApita ho cukA hogA / ) bU kA rAjya 14. 252 I0 lopAMga (cIna) 15. 366 I0 tunahvAGa (madhya eziyA) [govI registAna ke kinAre] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #399
pariziSTa-eka/365 ___1 2 16. 381 I0.. 3 ... kubhA 17. 383 I0 18. 383 I0 . caMga-ana (cIna) liaMga-pAu (cIna) yahA~ ke zramaNa saMghabhUti ne cInI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyaa| gautama saMgha deva kA anuvAda pITha thaa| kumAra jIva zramaNa ne yahA~ bahuta se bauddha granthoM kA anuvAda san 402 se 412 ke bIca kiyaa| 19. 500 I0 se thAnezvara vizvavidyAlaya / isakA ullekha hvanasAMga ne bhI kiyA hai| harSa ke guru 'guNaprabha' kA isa vizvavidyAlaya se sambandha rahA hogaa| 20. 568 I0 se duDDA bauddha vihAra balabhI saurASTra kI rAjadhAnI thA / yahA~ pUrva (valabhI) 84 jaina mandira the| yaha bauddha vidyA kendra ho gayA thA / vizvavidyAlaya aura pustakAlaya yahA~ the| Balabhi.... It became the capital of Saurashtra of Gujrat. It contained 84 Jain temples (SRAS XIII, 159) and afterwards became the seat of Buddhist learning in Western India in the seventh century A.D., as Nalanda in Eastern India (Ancient Geographical Dictionary). 21. 630 I0 se pUrva nAlaMdA hanatsAMga ke bhArata Agamana ke samaya yaha prasiddha vizvavidyAlaya thaa| usa samaya isameM dharmapAla ke ziSya aura uttarAdhikArI zIlabhadra, bhAvAviveka, jayasena, candragomina, guNamati, vasumitra, jJAnacandra evaM ratnasiMha Adi prasiddha vidvAn yahA~ prAdhyApaka the| inakA ullekha hvenasAMga ne kiyA hai| jJAnacaMdra evaM ratnasiMha itsiga ke bhI prAdhyApaka the, aisA itsiga ne likhA hai / hvenasAMga ke samaya meM 10000 bhikSu isameM rahate For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #400
366 pANDulipi-vijJAna __ 1 2 3 22. 8vIM zatI I. vikrama zilA (bihAra) isa dharmapAla ne sthApita kiyA thA, aisA vizvAsa hai| inake samaya meM isake pramukha the-zraviddha jJAna pAda / isake chaha dvAra, jina para eka-eka vidvAn paNDita niyukta thA / isa vizvavidyAlaya meM vahI vyakti praveza pA sakatA thA, jo zAstrArtha meM ina dvAra-paNDitoM ko harA detA thaa| 12vIM zatI meM ise bakhtyAra khilajI ne naSTa kara diyA thA / 23. 10vIM zatI se marasvatI mahala ise mahArAjA saraphojI ne san 1798pUrva taMjaura 1832 ke bIca vizeSa samRddha kiyA thaa| 24. 1010 I0 dhAra, bhoja bhANDAgAra rAjA bhoja kI nagarI thii| yahA~ bhoja dvArA sthApita vidyAlaya evaM pustakAlaya the| siddharAja jayasiMha ise anhilavAr3A le gaye the| 25. 11vIM zatI se jaina bhaNDAra, zrI bhaNDArakara ne batAyA hai ki yahA~ eka pUrva jaisalamera nahIM dasa pustaka saMgraha haiN| (prakAzana saMdeza, pRSTha 7, agasta-akTUbara, 65) / 26. 1140 I0 bhoja bhaNDAragAra siddharAja jayasiMha kI mAlava vijaya para anhilavAr3A gayA / udayapura 11 pustakAlaya bIkAnera 19 pustakAlaya hanumAnagar3ha 1 pustakAlaya zrI bhaNDArakara ne ye nAgaura 2 pustakAlaya / pustakAlaya dekhe the| pralavara 6 pustakAlaya kizanagar3ha 1 pustakAlaya 27. 1242-1262 I0 cAlukya-bhANDAgAra, cAlukya bIsaladeva yA vizvamalla kA / anhilavAr3A 28. Adima yuga takSakoko (prAcIna spena ke haranaMDI kArTeja ne disambara, (1520 I0 se maiksiko) 1520 meM takSakoko nagara para vijaya prApta kii| isa aAkramaNa meM yahA~ kA udghATana spenavAsI eka vizAla pustakAlaya jalA diyA logoM ne kiyA thA) gyaa| isameM anaginata amUlya hastalikhita grantha the| kucha pUrva isakA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #401
pariziSTa-eka 367 1 2 *29. 3 yukAtAna (prAcIna maiksiko) yukAtAna prAMta meM maya jAti kI hajAroM hastalikhita pustakoM ke bhaNDAra the / DIgo da laMdA nAma ke spenI pAdarI ne una sabakI holI jalavA dii| yaha saba 16vIM zatAbdI meM huA / (kAdambinI, mArca, 1975) mullA abdula kAdira hemU ne naSTa kiyaa| (akabarI darabAra) ke pitA, malUkazAha kA pustakAlaya, 30. 1540 I0 ke lagabhaga badAyU 31. 1556 I0 prAgarA akabara kA zAhI pothiikhaanaa| 30,000 ke lagabhaga grantha the| padmasambhava dvArA sthApita saMskRta-tibbatI bhASA ke granthoM kA tibbata kA sAmye vihAra bhaNDAra thA / pustakAlaya 33. 1592 I0 aAmera-jayapura pothIkhAnA rAjA bhAramalla ke samaya se prArambha / . ke lagabhaga 16000 durlabha grantha / 8000 mahattvapUrNa pustakoM kA sUcI patra 1977 meM zrI gopAla nArAyaNa boharA dvArA sampAdita, prakAzita / Amera-jayapura rAjagharAne ne apane 400 varSoM ke rAjya kAla meM isa saMgraha ko samRddha banAyA / 34. 19vIM zatI se prastrAkhAna (rUsa) pANDulipi bhaNDAra hai| agradAsa kRta dhyAna majarI kI pratilipi astrAkhAna meM 1808-9 I0 meM kI gyii| yahA~ hindI aura paMjAbI kI bhI pustakeM milI haiM / yahA~ bukhArA meM pratilipi kI gayI aneka hindI pustakeM milI haiM / guru vilAsa to sacitra hai / (dharmayuga, 21 akTUbara, 1973) 35. 1871 I0 se bukhArA yahA~ pustakAlaya honA cAhie, kyoMki pUrva yahA~ se aneka grantha pratilipi hone ke bAda astrAkhAna ge| (dharmayuga, 8 mArca, 1970, pR0 23) pUrva For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #402
368/pANDulipi-vijJAna 1 2 3 .. . A vhii| 37. . khuttana . - kAzagara vhii| daMdA uilika yahA~ grantha bhaNDAra honA cAhie, kyoMki yahA~ se hI eka asalI brAhmI grantha nakalI grantha taiyAra karane vAle isa nAma akhuna ke pAsa milA thA / yahA~ ke khaMDa ... haroM meM dabe anya grantha bhI mile the / prAcya vidyA mandira, bar3audA yahA~ aneka pANDulipiyoM se vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA pATha saMzodhana ho rahA hai| lAla bhAI dalapata bhAI isameM acche hastalekha upalabdha haiN| eka bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, 676 pRSThoM kI sacitra tulasI kRta ahamadAbAda rAmacaritamAnasa hai jisameM eka paMkti nAgarI meM aura eka paMkti phArasI lipi meM hai, (sambhava hai yaha kRti 18vIM zatI kI hogii|) 41. 11 mArca, rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra, 1. sthApanA ke samaya isakA nAma thA-- 1891 ko naI dillI 'iMpIriyala rekArDa DipArTameMTa' / sthApita 2. naI dillI ke bhavana meM Ane para ise 'rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra' kA nAma diyA gyaa| isameM mahattvapUrNa abhilekha to surakSita haiM hI, 1 lAkha ke lagabhaga graMtha bhI haiN| mAikrophilma ke rUpa meM bhI lAkhoM pRSThoM kI sAmagrI saMgrahita hai| 42. 1891 paTanA : khudAbakhza isameM 12000 pANDulipiyA~ haiM aura oriyaMTala pustakAlaya 50,000 mudrita pustkeN| yaha pahale khudAbakhza kA nijI pustakAlaya thA / khudAbakhza ko apane pitA muhammadabakhza (1815-1876) meM uttarAdhikAra meM milA thaa| khudAbakhza ne usameM bahuta vRddhi kI aura 1891 meM use sArvajanika pustakAlaya kA rUpa de diyA / isameM kurAna kA eka pannA 1300 varSa purAnA surakSita hai| hAphija kA dIvAna atyanta mUlyavAna mAnA jAtA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #403
pariziSTa-eka/369 1 2 3 - hai / isa para humAyU, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke hastAkSaroM meM kucha TIpeM haiM / 400 varSa purAnI arabI kI pustakoM meM kucha ve pustakeM bhI haiM jo sundara hastalipi meM spena kI purAnI rAjadhAnI koseDolA meM likhI gayI thiiN| hindI kI bhI kucha aisI pustakeM jo jJAta nahIM thIM, isa pustakAlaya meM milI haiN| aba taka isake tIsa sUcI patra prakAzita ho cuke haiM / inheM vaipaTisTa mizana presa, kalakattA ne chApA hai / inameM kevala pustakAlaya kI AdhI pustakoM kA hI vivaraNa hai / ina sUcIpatroM ko Adarza mAnA jAtA hai| 43. 1904 I0 bhAratI bhANDAragAra, yA ke AsapAsa sarasvatI bhANDAragAra yA (nyUhalara ke zAstra bhANDAra anusAra) 44. ujjaina: siMdhiyA pustakAlaya isameM 10000 ke lagabhaga pustakeM haiN| inameM DhAI hajAra ke lagabhaga durlabha grantha haiM / isameM eka grantha guptakAlIna lipi meM likhA huA hai / yaha cAlIsa pRSThoM kA hai / isa pustakAlaya ne yaha grantha kAzmIra ke gilagiTa kSetra se bIsa varSa pUrva prApta kiyA thA / pA~ca sau varSa pUrva ke bhoja patra para likhe grantha bhI isameM haiM / isI prakAra tAr3a patra para sundara hastalipi meM likhe 25 grantha bhI haiN| mugalakAlIna adAlata aura kAzmIra ke zAsaka ke bIca hue patrAcAra ke maulika dastAveja yahA~ surakSita haiM, ye phArasI meM 45. 1912 bharatapurAH zrIgopAlanArAyaNa isameM lagabhaga cAra hajAra pANDulipiyA~ siMha ne ise nijI pustakAlaya haiN| isameM sabase purAnI likhI pustake ke rUpa meM vikasita tAr3apatra vAlI haiN| usake bAda krama meM kiyA bhojapatra kI pustakeM AtI haiM, taba purAne For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #404
370/pANDulipi-vijJAna - 1 2 3 -- kAgaja ko pustakeM / isa granthAgAra kI ye pustakeM bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiM : 'zAhanAmA', yaha phiradausI kI kRti hai / yaha 500 pRSThoM kA grantha hai| isameM 52 citra haiN| pRSThoM ke bIca meM jo citra haiM ve sone aura nIlama ke raMgoM se banAye gae haiM / yaha kRti kAbula-kaMdhAra ke sUbedAra alI mardAnakhA~ ne akabara ko bheMTa meM dI thii| sikandaranAmA 17vIM zatI se pUrva kI kRti hai / lekhaka haiM-nijAmI / isameM bhI citra haiM / sone aura nIlama ke raMgoM kA prayoga inameM bhI hai| 'mutAula hinda' akabara ke hakIma salAmata alI kI kRti hai / yaha vizva koSa hai| isameM darzana, gaNita aura bhautika vijJAna, rasAyana aura saMgIta para bhI acchI sAmagrI hai| yaha tAr3apatra kI pANDulipiyoM ke lie prasiddha hai / 448 pANDulipiyA~ mahAmahopAdhyAya ha0 pra0, zAstrI jI ne batAyI thI, san 1898-99 I0 meN| isameM 5000 pANDulipiyA~ zAstrI jI ne batAyI haiN| nepAla : darabAra pustakAlaya 47. nepAla : yUnIvarsiTI pustakAlaya 48. pUnA : bhaMDArakara risarca 49. 1320 I0 iMsTITyUTa vijayanagara 50. 14vIM zatI mithilA = tirahula tuMgabhadrA ke taTa para / yAdava vaMza ke rAjya-kAla meM vidyA kA kendra / prasiddha vaidika bhASyakAra sAyaNAcArya yahIM ke rAjA ke mantrI the| yaha hindU vidyA kA kendra thaa| yahA~ ke brAhmaNa rAjAoM ke samaya meM mahAkavi maithila kokila vidyApati hue the / rAjA kA nAma thA zivasiMha / yaha caitanya mahAprabhu kA prAdurbhAva sthala . . hai / yaha bhI hindU-vidyA kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huaaa| nadiyA/navadvIpa 51. 14vIM-15vIM zatI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #405
pariziSTa-eka/371 4 12 52. 7vIM zatI I0 se pUrva durvAsA pAzrama vikramazilA saMghArAma vaizAlI 53. 443 I0pU0 377 I0pU0 se yahA~ guphAeM haiM jo pahAr3oM meM khudI haI hai / caMpA kI yAtrA meM hvenasAMga yahA~ aAyA thA / bauddha tIrtha hai| yaha vRjjiyoM/licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahA~ bauddha dharma kA dvitIya saMgha sammelana huA thaa| isase yahA~ dhArmika grandhAgAra thA, yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ bhI 'takSazilA' jaisA vidyA kendra thaa| 500 vidyArthiyoM ko par3hAne kI kSamatA vAle prAcArya yahA~ the / takSazilA kI bhAMti hI yaha vaidika zikSA aura vidyA ke lie prasiddha thaa| 54. prAvaidika / vaidika kAzI 55. vaidika kAla naimiSAraNya bhRgu vaMzI zauvaka RSi kA RSikula naimiSA rAjya meM thaa| isameM dasa sahasra antevAsI rahate the| 56. rAmAyaNakAla prayAga: bhAradvAja Azrama isa kAla kA yaha vizAlatama Azrama thA / yaha bhAradvAja RSi kA Azrama thaa| 57. // ayodhyA ayodhyA nagara ke pAsa brahmacAriyoM ke zrAzrama aura chAtrAvAsoM kA rAmAyaNa meM ullekha hai| pAla vaMza ko sthApita karane vAle gopAla ne yahA~ eka bauddha vihAra banavAyA thaa| 58. 7vIM-8vIM aodantapurI ___zatI se pUrva (bihAra zarIpha) 59. 1801 I0 . iMDiyA oNphisa meM sthApita lAibrarI, landana isameM 250000 mudrita pustakeM : 175000 pUrvI bhASAoM meM zeSa yUropIya bhASAoM meM / pUrvI meM 20000 hindI kI, 20,000 saMskRta-prAkRta kI, 24000 baMgalA kI, 10,000 gujarAtI kI, 9000 marAThI kI, 5000 paMjAbI kI, 15000 tamila kI, 6000 telugu kI, 5500 arabI kI, 5500 phArasI kI haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #406
372/pANDulipi-vijJAna 12 "bhAratIya viSayoM para yUropIya bhASAmoM meM likhe 2000 hastalekha haiN| pUrvI bhASAoM ke hastalekha 20,000 haiM / yahA~ 8300 saMskRta ke, 3200 arabI ke, 4800 phArasI ke, 1900 tibbatI ke, 160 hindI ke, 30 baMgalA ke, 140 gujarAtI ke, 250 marAThI ke, 50 ur3iyA ke, 60 paztoM ke, 270 urdU ke, 250 barmI ke, 110 iMDoneziyA ke, 111 mo-so ke, 21 syAmI ke, 70 siMghalI ke, 23 turkI ke hastalikhita grantha haiN| aura bhI bahuta se abhilekha haiN| (21 disambara, 1969 ke dharmayuga meM prakAzita zrI jitendra kumAra mittala, prAdhyApaka, prayAga vizvavidyAlaya ke lekha, iMgalaiNDa meM bhAratIya anusaMdhAna kI virAsata ke AdhAra para / ) bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya jinameM pANDulipiyA~ surakSita haiM kramAMka nAma sthApita 1. madrAsa saMgrahAlaya 1851 I0 400 tAmra patra aitihAsika mahattva ke vivaraNa 2. nAgapura saMgrahAlaya 3. lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya 1863 I0 nAgapura meM bhauMsale rAjavaMza kI pANDu lipiyA~ haiN| 1863 I0 sacitra pothiyA~, kuNDalI prakAra kI pothI Adi haiN| 1890 I0 jainadharma ke kalpasUtroM kI pANDulipiyA~, tAmralekha tAr3apatrIya pothiyA~, citrita janmapatriyA~ Adi haiN| 1908 I0 isameM zilA lekhAMkita nATaka surakSita 4. mUrata vicesTara saMgrahAlaya 5. ajamera saMgrahAlaya 1920 I0 rAmacaritamAnasa kI sacitra prati / 6. bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #407
pariziSTa-eka/373 1 2 7. madhya eziyAI saMgrahAlaya 1929 I0 prAracesTIna dvArA lAyI gayI tunahAGa kI 'sahasra buddha guphA' se prApta agaNita pAMDulipiyA~, rezamI par3a surakSita / 8. pAzutoSa saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA 1937 I0 kAgaja para likhI prAcIna pAMDulipiyA~ nepAla se prApta, 1105 I0 kI yahA~ 1937 I0 macitra tathA anya durlabha pAMDulipiyA~ / 9. gaMgA svarNa jayantI saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera 10. alavara saMgrahAlaya 11. koTA saMgrahAlaya 1940 I0 isake pAMDulipi vibhAga meM 7000 pothiyA~ surakSita haiM jo saMskRta, phArasI, hindI Adi kI haiM / hAthI dA~ta para likhita pustaka 'haphta vada kAzI' bhI isameM hai| yaha asthi yA dA~ta ke lipyAsana vAlI pANDulipiyoM kA udAharaNa hai| aneka mahattvapUrNa pothiyA~ haiM, kuDalI prakAra kI bhI haiM, aura eka iJca parimAraNa kI muSTA bhI hai| vibhinna yugoM aura zailiyoM ko mUlyavAna sacitra pANDulipiyA~ haiM / sacitra pothiyaaN| mullA dAUda kA 'loracandA' kI pANDulipi kA kucha aMza yahA~ upalabdha 12. prayAga saMgrahAlaya 13. rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya 14. zimalA saMgrahAlaya 15. sAlAra jaMga saMgrahAlaya, hadarAbAda aTThArahaveM kakSa meM durlabha pANDulipiyA~ 16. kutubakhAnA-e-saiyadiyA, TauMka isa pariziSTa meM kucha mahattvapUrNa pustakAlayoM yA granthAgAroM kA ullekha diyA gayA hai| inameM se bahutoM kA aitihAsika mahattva rahA hai| ve granthAgAra, ve vizvavidyAlaya, ve vihAra aura saMghArAma aAja atIta ke garbha meM kho cuke haiN| inase hama yaha anumAna lagA sakate haiM ki saMsAra meM kisa samaya granthAgAroM kA kitanA mahattva thaa| isa sUcI meM kitane hI sthAnoM para, granthAgAra hone kI sambhAvanA anumAna ke AdhAra para mAnI gaI hai / jahA~ vizAla vizvavidyAlaya hoMge, jahA~ saMghArAma evaM vihAra hoMge, jahA~ anuvAda karane karAne ke kendra hoMge, jahAM pariSadeM huI hoMgI, vahA~ para yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki granthAgAra hoMge hii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #408
374/pANDulipi-vijJAna ukta sUcI meM ina granthAgAroM ke vidyamAna hone kA varSa bhI diyA gayA hai| ye bhI adhikAMzataH anumAnAbhita hI haiM / pAMDulipi-vijJAna kI dRSTi se ina granthAgAroM ke saMketa se, unameM sthAna aura sthUla vizeSatAoM se kucha Avazyaka sAmAnya jJAna mila jAtA hai / pariziSTa-do kAla-nirdhAraNa : tithi viSayaka samasyA kAla-nirdhAraNa meM 'tithi' viSayaka eka samasyA taba sAmane AtI hai jaba tithi kA ullekha usa tithi ke svAmI ke nAma se kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-'vIrasatasaI' kA yaha dohA hai : "bIkama barasAM batiyo, gaNacaucanda guNIsa / / bisahara titha guru jeTha badi, samaya palaTTI sIsa / " DaoN0 zambhUsiMha manohara ne batAyA hai ki "viSahara tithi kA yahA~ sIdhA-sAdA evaM spaSTa artha hai--'paMcamI' (viSadhara kI tithi)|" Age batAte haiM ki "vaMza bhAskara" meM sUryamalla ne tithi nirdeza meM prAyaH eka viziSTa paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / vaha yaha ki unhoMne kahIM-kahIM tithiyoM kA jyotiSazAstra meM nirdezita unake svAmiyoM ke AdhAra para nAmollekha kiyA hai| udAharaNArthatrayodazI ko kavi ne vaMzabhAskara meM 'manasija titha' kaha kara jJApita kiyA hai, kyoMki trayodazI kA svAmI kAmadeva hai, yathA saka khaTa basu satraha 1786 samaya, ujja mAsa avadAta / kUrama mAlava kuMca kiya, manasija titha avadAta / / isI bhA~ti caturdazI ko unhoMne 'ziva kI tithi kaha kara sUcita kiyA hai, caturdazI ke svAmI ziva hone ke kAraNa "saMvata mAna aMka vasu satraha 1786 / aru sita bAhula bhAlacanda aha / / " isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki tithi kA ullekha usa tithi ke svAmI yA devatA ke nAma se bhI kiyA gayA / "jyotiSa tattva sudhArNaka" nAmaka jyotiSa grantha meM tithiyoM ke svAmiyoM/devatAoM ke nAma isa zloka dvArA batAye gae haiM : atha tizyadhidevanAmAhaagniH prajApati gaurI gaNezo'hi guru raviH / zivo durgAntako vizvohariH kAmo haraH zazI / pitara; prati padAdInA tithInAmadhiyAH kramAt ||iti|| -~-vIrasatasaI kA eka dohA : eka pratyAlocanA, le. DaoN. zambhUsiMha manohara, 'vizvambharA', varSa 7, aMka 4, 1972 / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #409
pariziSTa-tIna grantha sUcI 1. agravAla, vAsudeva zaraNa (DaoN.) : kIrtilatA, sAhitya sadana, ciragA~va, jhAMsI ___(1962) " : padmAvata, saMjIvanI bhaassy-vhii| ,, , : harSacarita, sAMskRtika adhyayana, vihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA, 19641 4. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa (DaoN0) : poddAra abhinandana grantha, braja sAhitya maNDala, tathA satyendra (DaoN0) mathurA, 1952 / 5. Arya maMju zrI kalA : trivendrama sIrIja / 6. upAdhyAya, vAsudeva (DaoN.) : prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, paTanA (61) / 7. projhA, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda : bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA, munzIrAma manoharalAla, dillI (59) / 8. kauzala, rAmakRSNa : kamanIya kinnaura / 9. garur3a purANa 10. gupta, kizorIlAla (DaoN0) : saroja sarvekSaNa, hindustAnI ekeDemI, ilAhAbAda (67) / 11. gupta jagadIza (DaoN0) : prAgaitihAsika bhAratIya citrakalA, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, naI dillI (1967) / gupta, mAtAprasAda (DaoN0) tulasIdAsa, hindI pariSad, prayAga vizva vidyAlaya, 1953 / , , . ... pRthvIrAja rAso, sAhitya sadana, ciragAMva, jhaaNsii| basaMta vilAsa aura usakI bhASA, ka. mu. hindI tathA bhASA vijJAna vidyApITha, AgarA / ___ , : rAura bela aura usakI bhASA, mitra prakAzana prAiveTa li0, ilAhAbAda, 1962 / 16. gupta mAtAprasAda (DaoN0), nAhaTA, : bIsaladeva rAsa / agaracanda 17. gairolA, vAcaspati : akSara amara rheN| 18. jaina samavAyoga sUtra 19. TaoNDa, jemsa : pazcimI bhArata kI yAtrA, maMgala prakAzana, jypur| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #410
22. " 376/pANDulipi-vijJAna 20. tivArI, bholAnAtha (DaoN0) : bhASA vijJAna, kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, (1977) / 21. tulasIdAsa .: dohAvalI, gItApresa, gorakhapura (1960) / : rAmacaritamAnasa, sAhitya kuTIra, prayAga (1949) / 23. dalAla, cimanalAla da0 : lekha paddhati, bar3audA kendrIya pustakAlaya, (1925) / 24. dazakumAra carita 25. daza vaikAlika sUtra haribhadrI TIkA 26. daivI purANa 27. dvivedI, hajArIprasAda (DaoN0) : saMdeza rAsaka, hindI grantha ratnAkAra (prAiveTa) li0, bambaI, 1965 / 28. dvivedI, hariharanAtha : mahAbhArata (pAMDavacarita) vidyA mandira prakAzana, gvAliyara, 1973 / 29. nAtha, rAma (DaoN.) madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAeM aura unakA vikAsa, rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura (1973) / 30. patra kaumudI 31. padma purANa 32. pannavaraNA sUtra 3. pravINa sAgara : (hastalikhita-paM0 kRpAzaMkara tivArI kA vyaktigata saMgraha, jypur)| 34. bhAradvAja, rAmadatta (DaoN0) : gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, bhAratIya sAhitya maMdira, dillI (1962) / 35. majUmadAra, maMjulAla : gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpa / 36. matsyapurANa 37. manohara, zambhUsiMha (DaoN0) : DholA mAru rA dUhA, sTUDeNTa buka kampanI, jayapura, 1966 / 38. mAhezvarI, hIrAlAla (DaoN0) : jAmbhojI, viSNoI sampradAya aura sAhitya, bI0 Ara0 pablikezansa, kalakattA, 1970 / 39. mizra, girijAzaMkara prasAda : bhAratIya abhilekha saMgraha, rAjasthAna hindI grantha (anuvAdaka) akAdamI, jypur| 40. mizrabandhu : mizrabandhu vinoda, gaMgA pustaka mAlA kAryAlaya, lakhanaU (1972) / 41. muni jinavijayajI : vijJapti trivennii| 42. muni puNyavijayajI : bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhana klaa| 43. rAja, jona : rAja trNginnii| 44. lephamanna, esa0 : lalita vistara haale--(1902)| . 45. varNaka samuccaya For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #411
pariziSTa-tIna/377 46. vRhad kalpa-sUtra 47. zarmA, nalina vilocana : sAhitya kA itihAsa darzana, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA (1960) / 48. zarmA, baMzIlAla (DaoN0) : kinnaurI loka sAhitya, lalita prakAzana, laihaDI saTela, vilAsapura (1976) 49. zarmA hanumAnaprasAda : jayapura kA itihAsa / 50. zAGgadhara paddhati 51. zukla, jayadeva (saM0) : vAsavadattA kathA / 52. satyendra (DaoN0) : anusaMdhAna, nandakizora eNDa sansa, vArANasI / braja sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAratI bhaNDAra, ilAhAbAda (1967) / siMha, udayabhAnu (DaoN0) tulasI kAvya mImAMsA, rAdhAkRSNa prakAzana, dillI (67) / 55. sinhA, sAvitrI (DaoN.) : anusaMdhAna prakriyA, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillii| 56. seMgara, zivasiMha : zivasiMha saroja, zivasiMha seMgara, lakhanaU, 2 1966 / 57. Agarwal, V. S, (Dr.) i India as known to Panini, University of Lucknow, Lucknow (1953). 58. Agarwalla, N. D. : On Common Script, Bharat Art Press, Calcutta (68). 59. Basu, Purendu : Archives & Records : What are they? 60. Bhargava, K. D. : Repair and Preservation of Records. 61. Bhattacharyya, Harendra : The Language of Scripts of Ancient Kumari India. 62. Bordin, R. B. and The Modern Manuscript Library. Warner, R: M. .": The Scerecrow Press Inc., New York-66. 63. Brown, W. Norman(Dr.): The Mahimnstava. 64. Builer, G. : Indian Palaeography, Firme K. L. Mukhopadhyaya, Calcutta-62. : Inscription Report. 66. Burgess, James : The Chronology of Indian History, .Cosmo Publications, Delhi-72. 67. Clodd, E. The Story of the Alphabet. 68. Dani, Ahmad Hasan : Indian Palaeography, Clarendu Press Oxford-63. 65. " " For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #412
378/arogforfa-fasta 69. Diringer, David : The Alphabet. 70 : Writing, Thomas & Hudson, London-62. 71. Duff. C. Mabel : The Chronology of Indian History, Cosmo Publications, Delhi-72. 72. Edgerton, Franklin : The Panchtantra Reconstructed. American Oriental Society, U. S. A. 1929. 73. Francis, Frank : Treasures of the British Museum. 74. Hall, F. W. Companion to Classical Text. 75. Hunter, G. R. The Script of Hadappa & Mohanjodero and its connection with other Scripts. 76. Kane, P. V. Sahityadarpan. 77. Kashliwal, K. C. (Dr.) : Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan. 78. Kielhorn, F. Examination of questions connected with the Vikram Era. 79. Manuscripts from Indian Collection. 80. Martin, H. J. : The Origin of Writing. 81. Masper, : The Dawn of Civilization. 82. Masson, W. A. : The History of the Art of Writing. 83. Moorhouse, A. C. : Writing the Alphabet. 84. Pandey, Rajbali (Dr.) Indian Palaeography, Motilal Banarsidas, Varanasi-57. 85. Pargeter, F. E. : Ancient Indo-Historical Traditions. 86. Princep : Indian Antiqueties. 87. Reed, Herbert : The Meaning of Art. 88. Sircar, D. C. Indian Epigraphy, Motilal Banarsidas Delhi-65. 89. Sircar, D. C. : Selected Inscriptions. 90. Siecar, J. Topography of the Mughal Empire. 91. Tessetoric, L. P. : Vachanika, Biblotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1919. 92. Tod, James : Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan, K. M. N. Publishers, New Delhi, (1971). 93. Ulmann, B. L. : The Origin and Development of Alphabet. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #413
pariziSTa-tIna 379 94. Waddell, L. A. : Indo-Sumerian Seals Deciphered. Indological Book House, Delhi-72. 95. Wolley, C. L. : The Summerian. koza tathA vizvakoza 1. basu nAgendranAtha : hinda vizva-koSa / 2. amara koSa / 3. vAcaspatyam / 4. English Persian Dictionary. 5. Epigraphic Indica. 6. The Oxford English Dictionary. 7. A Dictionary of Sanskrit and English. 8. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 9. Chambers's Encyclopedia. 10. Encyclopedia Americana. 11. Encyclopedia Britanica. 12. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 13. Newnes Popular, Encyclopedia. 14. The American People Encyclopedia. 15. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 16. The New Universal Encyclopedia. 17. The World Book Encyclopedia. khoja riporTa 1. gA~dhI, lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa : jaisalamera bhANDAgArIya graMthAnAM sUcI / 2. bhAnAvata, narendra (DaoN0) : prAcArya zrI vinayacaMda jJAna bhaNDAra grnthsuucii| 3. menAriyA, motIlAla (DaoN0) : rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, (sAhitya saMsthAna, udypur)| : zrI khambhAta, zAntinAtha, prAcIna tADapatrIya jaina jJAna bhaNDAra nUM sUcI patra / 5. hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA traivArSika vivaraNa (nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI) / 6. Sastri, H. P. A Catalogue of Palm leaf and Selected Paper M.S.S. Belonging to the Durbar Library, Nepal. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #414
380/pANDulipi-vijJAna patrikAe~ (1) dharmayuga, (2) paramparA, (3) pariSad patrikA, (4) bhAratIya sAhitya, (5) rAjasthAna bhAratI, (6) vizva bhAratI, (7) vINA, (8) zodha patrikA, (9) svAhA, (10) sammelana patrikA, (11) sapta sindhu, (12) Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (13) Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society. (14) Orientalia Loveniensta Periodica. (15) Hindustan Times Weekly. ODE For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #415
vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI zodha aura anusaMdhAna meM jina viSayoM meM pAMDulipi kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai, unake lie to yaha anivArya grantha hai hI, svatantra rUpa se pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja aura adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie bhI yaha atyadhika upAdeya siddha hogaa| isameM pAMDulipi viSayaka vividha pahaluoM para vaijJAnika dRSTi se prAmANika sAmagrI saMjoyI gayI hai| aise grantha kA abhAva bahuta samaya se anubhava kiyA jA rahA thA, jisakI pUrti aba ho rahI hai| ema. phil. ke chAtroM ke lie bhI yaha upayogI siddha hogaa| isa grantha meM pahalI bAra pAMDulipi viSayaka vaijJAnika paddhati kA nirUpaNa huA hai| (sva0) DaoN. satyendra, janma 1907 / ema. e. 1933, pIeca. DI. 1947 Di. liTa. 19571 lekhaka kalakattA aura rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlayoM meM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa pada para kArya kara cuke haiN| hindI jagat ke prakhyAt evaM mUrdhanya Alocaka, sampAdaka, zodhaka aura vidvAn rahe haiM / anekAneka zIrSa koTi ke granthoM ke praNetA hone ke sAthasAtha loka sAhitya, pAMDulipi-vijJAna, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa Adi kSetroM meM maulika zodhoM ke pravartaka bhI rahe haiN| mUlya : 55.00 rupaye For Private and Personal Use Only