Dictionary of Prakrit for Jain Literature Vol 01 Fasc 01

Author(s): A M Ghatage
Publisher: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

Page 26

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*fact. #grato a retat. #facit= feat: in place The of admits both the rules and the exceptions as of य as in मायरित-आचाय, छाता-छाया; जिणाततण= legitimate, the अपरिणामक admits only the rules, but not जिनायतन, माति--मायिन तानी-नायिन etc. Such changes the exceptions, while the अतिपरिणामक admits only the are phonetically impossible and cannot be admitted in exceptions and not the rules. Obviously in the field of a any language. In most of these cases, a corresponding penal code the last two will draw wrong conclusions and form with a written y is also found, sometimes side by hence they should be excluded from their study, partside, which makes it obvious that the scribe wrote it icularly the atonements prescribed. No question of rapdomly and attached no importance to it. TAT secrecy is involved. चरए नवं is followed by अकामते चरते तवं, संसारकंतागओ
What then is the origin of this babit of writing arif af, oragar ofaat and many similar cases are found in the work fraag. This usage is so
a ? It is clearly based on some kind of misunderstanding
on the part of the scribes. The occasional lack of inconsistent and cccurs so unexpectedly that most of
attention on the part of the copyist explains their random them must be cases due to nerligence of the scribes.
Occurrence. The influence of the Sanskrit language at To judge this mode of writing one must ascertain
the basis of the Prakrit words may bave affected its source. No attempt is made so far in this direction
him to some extent, and is probably the main cause, except the one made by Dr. Upadhye. but in a halting
when the original Sanskrit contains a a. Its use for mapper. He suggests that this writing originated in the
other original sounds can only be explained on the basis copying of the Chedasūtras and it spread to other works
of a habit to transcribe a Prakrit word by the substitu
of a from it. It was done to keep these writ ogs concealed
tion of its Sanskrit counterpart, a kind of Sanskritisation
tion of its from the common reader or make them lesy accessible. of the language. Once he develops the habit of changing being meant for the initiated few. Such attempts are
a word like A9 to ha, it is but natural that now and not rare in Indian literature and one that is often met then a written , even if it comes from some other with in the Tantra works is based on rearranging the
Sanskrit sound, say in a word like a standing for air, letters in a complicated manner, so that one has to
will be written by him by using a, i.e. mat. Such a know this scheme before one is able to read them
process can only be unsystematic and sporadic and the correctly. But these considerations do not apply to the agyfa is exactly of this nature. Such writing based on a Ched sūtras of the Jain Canop The writing is not confin
misunderstanding is at work in all the classical language ed to any particular type of works but is found used in MSS, and some of them may find a place as the correct all types both old and new Nor is its usage confined to usage in the language as well. Whether this is A - words which need concealment, but is found in all kinds gaat or a regularly pronounced phoneme of Sanskrit is of words and these words are written both with and
Immaterial for such mistakes and both will be treated without and are not of the nature which are to be in the same manner. This position is confirmed by guarded from the common reader. Pt. Malvania's refer- the fact that in case of such sounds as are not normally ence to the custanza 6227 of the fasilygy and the dropped or written as 4, I. e. Z and 7 and q or, there commentary in the 3rd part of spagne do not prove will be no occasion for writing them aga, and this that they are to be excluded from the common man. The agrees with the known facts. The consonants which are चूणि on the निशीथभाष्य makes it clear that what is to written as त are क, ग, च, ज, त, द and य. From this be kept back are mainly the art and only incl. a very important and valid inference can be drawn. The dentally the Chedasūtra itself. Its wording is TOOOTEES MSS. which were copied by the scribes had in thom aaaring paar
The 26174154 confirms the a written -y- for all the above consonants which thus same view in the passage छेदसत्राणि प्रकल्पव्यवहारादीनि तानि indirectly proves the rule stated by Hemacandra in agat mgfagt afagfaat al dia, ay faylg213 1. 177 stating the loss of Intervocalic stops and also
arat marfu ATAT(?) farfar faciat yur . The proves its antiquity. same verse occurs in the 164 790. HETTATERT I n view of the above discussion, it appears quite is to be taught, taking into consideration, the place, reasonable to take the following decisions in setting up the time, and the person to whom it is to be taught. In the lemmata in the dictionary. The ya-sruti will be the last case three types of students are thought of. They allowed in the case of the Prakrit dialects AMg., JM., S. are called परिणामक, अपरिणामक and अतिपरिणामक. The and some of the Apa. works. but without violating the Second and the third type of students are to be excluded evidence of the MSS which use side by side the simple from the teacbing of the Chedasutra. The reason is the vowels as well. In the latter case a crossreference attitude they show towards the rules and their exceptions. to the form with the ya-sruti will be useful. If
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