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98
BRHAT-KATHAKOŚA
Some of the abstract nouns are good examples of contamination, their formation being a compromise between two well-known forms: adars (56. 410, cf. adrsyatā and adarsana), mānusya, a man ( 73. 248, cf. mănuşa and manusya), samipyatā ( 93. 212, cf. sāmīpya and samīpatā), hilana (97. 74, cf. hilanā and helana ). We have some illustrations of double abstraction : vätsalyatā (73.294) and vināšatā (19. 30). Then dhīra for dhairya ( 52. 15), mandaleno for mandalatvena (73. 44) sālasa for sālasya (127. 214, 153. 5) and sthira for sthiratva (6.52 ) are found used in this text.
The k-suffix plays a remarkable rôle in the language of this text. It is added to nouns etc. without any notable change in the meaning; it is simply pleonastic or svārthe k, as the Prākrit grammarians call it : kanyakā (65. 20), ghūkaka (32, 22), caturthaka (129. 2), dhātrikā (60. 168 ), binduka (102*6.6), bhūmikā (II. 133), mandaka (7.68), Mālavaka (28. I), vipraka (139. 103 ), salākikā ( 50. 15); also note ahinakam ( 74. 33), ünaka (139. 39), ekakam ( 74. 32 ) kşanamātrakam (63. 87), vārakam for vāram (71.29). Still more conspicuous is its presence in a series of pronominal forms scattered all over the text; a few typical ones may be noted here for illustration; and they are arranged in this order of the pronouns: asmad, yuşmad, tad, etad, idam, adas and yad. Nom. sing.: sakaḥ (4. 32, 10. 16, 59. 37), takaḥ ( 122. 16); sakā (4. 18, 7.64, 8. 13, 12. 2); eşakah (126. 80); yakaḥ (56. 220). — dual : takau (57. 56, 332, 126. 4) – pl.; take (11. 67, 78. 39, 100. 17); takāh (3. 17, 57. 524); imakāḥ (136. 2); yake (16. 32, 33. 140); yakāḥ (68. 46). Acc. sing.: makām (102. 74, 106. 60); takam (4. 17, 32, 6. 9, 7. 45, 30. 23 etc.); takām (60. 75, 68. 65; svakām (4. 6 . - pl.: takān (10. 21, 33. 140 ), imakān (76. 19). Inst. sing.: takayā (21.21) - pl.: imakaih (57. 149). Whitney?, Edgerton and others have discussed the different aspects of this k-suffix; and Edgerton has already noted how asakau is allowed by some grammarians and forms like anyake, yake, sakā, takā are found in pre-classical Sanskrit. I may add here a few more references casually noted by me. The Bhag. Ā. uses tago [= takaḥ] for saḥ and tagi [= taki ] for sā (găthā Nos. 508, 1058); Jinasena's Adipurāņa uses yakā for yā (23. 28); and Jagannātha Paņdita uses mayakā for mayā in his Citramimāṁsā khandana (p. 1). The suffix l also is found in some words: andhala (3. 3), pangula (85. 43 f.), Yājñavalkala (93. 233), etc. The possessive suffix vat and mat are at times confused in forms like Laksmīmati (11. 62, 33. 8), and the readings also are uncertain.
From the following forms it would be apparent that these roots do not stick to the strict classical convention with regard to Padas, Parasmai. pada and Atmanepada : uttişthate (64. 16), jalpate (57. 550), tişthate
1 A Sanskrit Grammar, London 1896, sections 494, 1186, 1222, etc.; 2 Edgerton's discussion is confined to pre-classical Sanskrit; see The k-suffixes of
Indo-Iranian, Journal of the American 0. S., vol. XXXI, p. 93 f. 3 In a Ms. of the Aştāhnikakathā (No. 469 of 1884-86, Bhandarkar 0. R. Institute)
the form mayakā for mayā is used thrice in the Prasasti.
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