Manan aur Mulyankan

Author(s): Mahapragna Acharya
Publisher: Adarsh Sahitya Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003087/1

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manana aura - mUlyAMkana EHIBRAIPTE

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manana kA prayojana hai sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAnA / atIta kI abhisaMdhi parokSa ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| cintana ke kaNa pUre AkAza-maNDala meM bikhare par3e haiN| unakI upalabdhi kA upAya haimanana aura mUlyAMkana / manana aura mUlyAMkana meM atIta ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karane kA eka vinamra AyAsa hai| viSaya kI gaharAI meM DubakI lagAne vAloM ke lie viSaya-vastu mana kI sImA se pare nahIM hogii|

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manana aura mUlyAMkana

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Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana

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manana aura na mUlyoka vAcArya mahAprajJa

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sampAdaka : muni dulaharAja (c) Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU zrI motIlAla pukharAja sukhalAla DUMgaravAla kuMvAthala - dahIsara ke Arthika saujanya se prakAzita mUlya : bAraha rupaye / prathama saMskaraNa : 1983 / prakAzaka : kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka - Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU ( rAjasthAna ) / mudraka : gaNeza kampojiMga ejeMsI dvArA rUpAbha priMTarsa, dillI - 32 MANAN AUR MOOLYANKAN by Yuvacharya Mahaprajna Rs. 12.00

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prastuti kSitija ke usa pAra jo hai, use dekhanA cAhatA huuN| yaha cAha zAzvata cAha hai| manuSya ne Ara kI apekSA pAra ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| parokSa ko pratyakSa karane kI cAha kevala zravaNa yA mahattva se pUrI nahIM hotI, vaha pUrI hotI hai manana aura mUlyAMkana ke dvaaraa| mUlyAMkana ke aneka koNa aura aneka bindu hamAre sAmane haiN| para hamAre caraNa zravaNa ke pAsa A ThiThura jAte haiM aura hama asahAya bane hue phira sthUla kI zaraNa meM cale jAte haiN| ___manana kA prayojana hai sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jaanaa| atIta kI abhisaMdhi parokSa ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| cintana ke kaNa pUre AkAza-maNDala meM bikhare par3e haiN| unakI upalabdhi kA upAya hai--manana aura muulyaaNkn| manana aura mUlyAMkana meM atIta ke sAtha saMparka sthApita karane kA eka vinamra AyAsa hai| AcAryazrI tulasI atIta aura vartamAna meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kI kalA meM dakSa haiN| unakI dakSatA pUre saMgha meM saMkrAnta hai| usakA maiMne upayoga kiyA hai| isake saMpAdana meM muni dulaharAjajI ko zramapUrNa niSThA prajvalita hai| viSaya kI gaharAI meM DubakI lagAne vAloM ke lie viSaya-vastu mana kI sImA se pare nahIM hogii| rANAvAsa "1-11-1982 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa

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1. AcAra saMhitA kI pRSThabhUmi 2. saMbodhi aura ahiMsA 3. AcAra kA pahalA sUtra 4. ahiMsA aura anekAnta anukrama 5. Atma-tulA aura mAnasika - ahiMsA 6. AcArazAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva ( 1 ) 7. AcArazAstra ke AdhAra bhUta tattva ( 2 ) 8. yogadarzana kA hRdaya 6. vibhUtipAda 10. jaina sAhitya meM caitanya- kendra 11. saMskRta sAhitya : eka vihaMgAvalokana 12. maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra 13. namaskAra mahAmantra kA mUla srota aura karttA 14. prajJA aura prajJa 15. atIndriya cetanA 16. jaina sAhitya ke Aloka meM gItA kA adhyayana 17. AtmA kA astitva 1 6 17 24 31 36 46 57 67 78 85 64 102 108 112 117 125

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1. prAcAra-saMhitA kI pRSThabhUmi koI bhI AdhAra nizcita hotA hai to usa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| AdhAra kA nizcaya hue binA koI AcAra-saMhitA nahIM bana sktii| anAtmavAda ke AdhAra para koI dArzanika dRSTi calatI hai to usake anusAra banane vAlI AcAra-saMhitA eka prakAra kI hogI aura AtmavAda ke AdhAra para banane vAlI AcAra-saMhitA dUsare prakAra kI hogii| AcArAMga sUtra meM sabase pahale isa prazna para vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki jo AcAra nirUpita kiyA jA rahA hai, usakA AdhAra kyA hai ? isa cintana se AtmAko prastuta kiyA gyaa| hamArI jo bhI AcAra-saMhitA hai, usakA AdhAra hai- aatmaa| sabase pahale AtmA kA avabodha honA cAhie, AtmA kA jJAna honA caahie| jise AtmA kA jJAna nahIM hotA, usakA yaha AcAra nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA eka amUrta tattva hai| vaha dRSTa nahIM hai| hara vyakti use dekha nahIM paataa| isI satya ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirUpita karate hue kahA, "bahuta sAre vyakti aise hote haiM jinheM yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki maiM kauna hUM? maiM kahAM se AyA hUM? yahAM se mara kara kahAM jAUMgA? kisa dizA se-pUrva se, pazcima se, uttara se, dakSiNa se, Urdhva dizA se yA adho dizA se-AyA hUM? yA maiM kisI anudizA se AyA hUM? ye aThAraha dizAeM haiM-cAra dizAeM, cAra vidizAeM, ATha anudizAeM aura UMcI-nIcI dizA / maiM kisa dizA se AyA hUM?--yaha saba use jJAta nahIM hotaa| jaba taka yaha sArA jJAta nahIM hotA, taba taka AtmA kA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA ke bodha kA eka spaSTa lakSaNa hai-pUrvajanma / jaba pUrvajanma yA punarjanma jJAta ho jAtA hai taba AtmA ke viSaya meM koI saMdeha nahIM rhtaa| . ___ AtmavAda aura anAtmavAda kI eka mukhya bheda-rekhA hai| anAtmavAda kI svIkRti hai--isa jIvana se pahale kucha nahIM thA aura isa jIvana ke bAda kucha nahIM hogaa| hamArA astitva yA hamArI cetanA kevala vartamAna meM hI hai| AtmavAda AtmA ke traikAlika astitva ko svIkRti detA hai| jaba AtmA kA astitva pUrvakAla meM bhI thA, usakA astitva uttarakAla meM bhI hogA, vaha vartamAna meM bhI hai, isalie usakA kAlika astitva hai| isa traikAlika astitva kA bodha hI AtmavAda hai|

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2 manana aura mUlyAMkana jise yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki maiM kahAM se AyA hUM, phira AtmA ke bAre meM koI prazna zeSa nahIM rhtaa| isalie sabase pahale isI prazna para vicAra kiyA gayA ki bahuta loga nahIM jAnate ki ve kahAM se Aye haiM, isalie ve AtmA ke bAre meM nizcaya nahIM kara paate| jaba yaha patA nahIM hotA ki maiM kahAM se AyA hUM to yaha patA bhI nahIM hotA ki maiM kauna hUM? maiM kahAM jAUMgA? ye tInoM bAteM jJAta nahIM hotiiN| jaba ina tInoM bAtoM kI jAnakArI nahIM hotI to vaha kisI bhI nirNaya para nahIM phuNctaa| usakA koI AcAra bhI hogA to vaha kevala vArtamAnika hogaa| vartamAna kA jIvana, sAmAjika jIvana, kisa prakAra suvidhA se cala sake, usI ko lakSya meM rakhakara AcAra kA nirdhAraNa hogaa| - AcAra ke nirdhAraNa kA eka dRSTikoNa hai-upayogitAvAda aura dUsarA dRSTikoNa hai-vAstavikatAvAda / upayogitAvAdI dRSTikoNa yaha hogA ki jo vartamAna meM hamAre lie upayogI hai, vahI kiyA jaae| kintu bahuta se aise kArya haiM jo vartamAna meM upayogI nahIM haiM, anupayogI hote hue bhI hamAre mUla uddezya ke lie bahuta hitakara haiN| una hitakara karmoM kA bhI nirdhAraNa kiyA jaaegaa| isalie Aja vijJAna ke kSetra meM AtmA ke viSaya meM khoja ho rahI hai| bahuta sAre loga socate haiM ki yadi AtmA upalabdha ho gayA to cintana kI dhArA hI badala jAegI, sArA dRSTikoNa badala jAegA aura phira AcAra kA AdhAra hI badala jaaegaa| aisI sthiti meM mAnava ke sAre kriyAkalApoM kA jo mUla darzana hai, usameM bhI parivartana A jaaegaa| ataH isa mUla prazna kA sparza kiyA gayA aura yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki AtmA ko jAnane kA prayatna karanA caahie| use avyAkRta kahakara nahIM chor3a denA caahie| eka prazna ho sakatA hai-kyA AtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai ? isakA uttara haihAM, AtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| usako jAnane ke tIna hetu bana sakate icitic 1. sAdhanA karate-karate atIndriya jJAna vikasita ho sakatA hai| usase Atma-sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai| 2. yadi sAdhanA karane para bhI apanI mati vikasita na ho to prayatna nahIM chor3anA caahie| dUsaroM ko pUchate rahanA cAhie ki maiM kahAM se AyA hUM? maiM kauna hUM ? maiM kahAM jAUMgA? ye prazna doharAte rahanA cAhie / jaba yaha jJAta ho jAe ki amuka vyakti atIndriya jJAna se sampanna hai, usake pAsa jAkara ye prazna pUchane caahie| 3. kisI vyakti ko atIndriya jJAnI se milane kA avasara milA ho, vaise vyakti se samparka kara una praznoM kA samAdhAna karanA caahie|

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saMkSepa meM tIna hetu ye haiM1. svayaM kA jJAna / 2. dUsare kA jJAna / 3. dUsare ke dvArA nirUpita kisI vyakti se sunA huA jJAna / ina tInoM mAdhyamoM se apane astitva ke bAre meM jAnane kA prayatna karanA cAhie / jaba yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki maiM kauna hUM ? maiM kahAM se AyA hUM ? maiM kahAM jAUMgA ? taba Age kI rekhAeM spaSTa ho jAtI haiM / mahAvIra ne isa bhUmikA meM usa siddhAntako AdhAra banAyA -- kevala agra kA hI nahIM, mUla kA bhI sparza karanA caahie| usa samaya do taraha kI vicAradhArAeM cala rahI thIM / eka thI agravAdI dhArA aura dUsarI thI mUlavAdI dhArA / agravAdI vicAradhArA kevala vartamAna kI vicAradhArA hai| usake anusAra vartamAna meM jo hai, use dekho / duHkha hai to duHkha ko dekho, jAno aura kATo / isa bAta para cintana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki duHkha kahAM se AyA ? bANa lagA hai to usakA upacAra kro| kintu bANa kisane pheMkA ?isa bAta para jAoge to usakA upacAra nahIM ho sakegA / lekina mahAvIra isa bAta se sahamata nahIM the / unhoMne kahA- -jaba taka yaha vicAra nahIM karoge ki bANa kisane pheMkA, kahAM se AyA, taba taka kevala vartamAna kA upacAra karane para samasyA sulajhegI nahIM / bANa Ate hI raheMge / eka AyA, dUsarA aura tIsarA AyA to cauthA bhI A sakatA hai / unhoMne do udAharaNoM dvArA isa tathya ko smjhaayaa| unhoMne kahA- - do prakAra kI vRtti hotI hai| eka hai zvAvRtti aura dUsarI hai siMhavRtti / kutte ke sAmane DhelA pheMkane para vaha Dhele ko cATane laga jAtA hai| vaha usakI cintA nahIM karatA ki DhelA kisane pheMkA ? kyoM pheMkA ? vaha kevala vartamAna kI ghaTanA ko dekhatA hai| siMha kI ora golI dAgo / vaha golI para dhyAna dene kI apekSA usa ora dhyAna adhika degA ki golI kisane dAgI ? vaha usI ora AkramaNa karegA / vaha jAnatA hai, eka golI AI hai to dUsarI, tIsarI bhI A sakatI hai / vaha mUla ko khojatA hai / yaha hai-- siMhavRtti / AcAra saMhitA kI pRSThabhUmi 3 - bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA, "agra ko bhI dekho aura mUla ko bhI dekho / " unhoMne donoM kA samanvaya kiyA / unhoMne sujhAyA, "vartamAna ko dekhanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| ghaTanA ke mUla srota ko jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, isa para bhI dhyAna denA hai, aura duHkha ke hetu kyA haiM-- isa para bhI dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai / " agra aura mUla- -donoM para vicAra karanA caahie| agra hai vartamAna aura mUla hai usakA hetu / donoM para vicAra karanA hai to isa prazna kA samAdhAna pAnA Avazyaka hai ki AtmA kyA hai ? vaha kahAM se AtA hai ? maiM kauna hUM ? maiM kahAM se AyA hUM ? mujhe kahAM jAnA hai ? jaba ye jAna liye jAte haiM, una upAyoM ke dvArA jo pUrva nirdiSTa haiM, taba mUlabhUta prazna samAhita ho jAtA hai aura usake sAtha-sAtha dUsare aneka prazna bhI uttarita ho jAte

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4 manana aura mUlyAMkA haiN| jaise hI AtmA hai, maiM haM, maiM caitanya hUM, maiM pahale bhI thA aura bAda meM bhI hoUMgAyaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai to usake sAtha aneka samasyAeM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| dUsarI bAta hai-maiM anusaMcaraNa karane vAlA hUM, isa saMsAra-cakra meM bhramaNa karane vAlA huuN| maiM pahale amuka-amuka thaa| bAda meM amuka-amupha houuNgaa| yaha jo amuka-amuka rUpoM meM parivartana hotA hai, vaha saba karmoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| isa sthiti meM dUsarA prazna ubharatA hai ki karma kA baMdha kyoM hotA hai ? prANI karma kyoM karatA hai ? - karma kA baMdha isalie hotA hai ki maiM akriya nahIM huuN| mujhameM kriyA hai / akarissaM cahaM, kAravesuM cahaM, karo yAvi samaNuNNe bhavissAmi--- maiMne kriyA kI thI, karavAI thii| maiM kriyA karatA hUM, karavAtA hUM aura karane vAle kA anumodana karatA haiN| maiM kriyA karUMgA, karavAUMgA aura karane vAle kA anumodana kruuNgaa| mujhameM kriyA hai, kyoMki kaSAya hai| kriyA hai, isalie Asrava haiN| bAhara se maiM kucha khIMcatA hUM, AkarSita karatA huuN| ve nijAtIya tattva mujhe prabhAvita karate haiM, maiM unase prabhAvita hotA hUM aura unake prabhAva se baMdha jAtA huuN| unake dvArA baMdhA huA hUM, isalie unake dvArA saMcAlita hotA huuN| maiM bAra-bAra janma-maraNa kI yAtrA karatA hU~, anusaMcaraNa karatA hUM aura nAnA yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huuN| ___ AtmA hai-yaha spaSTa ho jAne para karma hai, kriyA hai, anusaMcaraNa hai, punarjanma aura pUrvajanma hai ye saba spaSTa ho jAte haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mUlataH jina tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA unakI samyak jAnakArI prArabha ke AtmasUtra meM hameM prApta ho jAtI hai| isase Age kA.eka sUtra hai-se AyAvAI, loyAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI-jo anusaMcaraNa ko jAna letA hai vaha AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| sabase pahalA hai-AtmavAda / AtmA jJAta ho jAne para yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai -loka hai| loka kA artha hai-pudgala / pudgala dRzya hai / lokyate iti lokaHjo dRSTa hotA hai, vaha loka hai| pudgala dekhA jAtA hai, isalie use loka kahA gayA hai| zeSa dravya dRSTa nahIM hote| jo AtmA ko jAna letA haiM, vaha pudgala ko jAna netA hai / jo AtmavAdI hai, vaha lokavAdI hai| vaha AtmA aura pudgala, cetana aura acetana--donoM ko jAna letA hai| niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki kevala cetana hI nahIM hai| yadi kevala cetana hI hotA to paribhramaNa kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM hotaa| kevala pudgala hI hotA to bhI paribhramaNa kA koI prazna nahIM utthtaa| donoM kA svatantra astitva hai| AtmA bhI hai aura pudgala bhI hai| AtmavAda aura lokavAda--ina do vAdoM kI sthApanA ho gii| AtmA bhI ho aura pudgala bhI ho, kintu yadi unameM koI sambandha na ho to na

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AcAra-saMhitA kI pRSThabhUmi 5 AtmA pudgala ko prabhAvita kara sakatI hai aura na pudgala AtmA ko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai| tIsarI bAta hai-krm| karma pudgala hai / AtmA aura karma kA sambandha hai| AtmA aura pudgala kA sambandha hai / AtmA pudgala ko prabhAvita karatI hai aura pudgala AtmA ko prabhAvita karatA hai| AtmA aura pudgala kA sambandha hotA hai / sambandha kA hetu hai-kriyaa| yaha cauthI bAta hai| sambandha kriyA aura prakRti ke dvArA sthApita hotA hai / akriya avasthA meM koI sambandha sthApita nahIM ho sakatA / jaise-jaise kaSAya kSINa hote haiM, kaSAya kA saMvaraNa hotA hai, AtmA zuddha hotA hai, akriyA AtI hai taba pudgala aura AtmA kA sambandha kSINa hone lagatA hai| jaba pUrNa akriyA kI sthiti ghaTita hotI hai taba sAre sambandha kSINa ho jAte haiM / ___AtmA AtmA hai aura pudgala pudgala / astitva donoM kA hai| donoM kA astitva rahatA hai, para sambandha nahIM rhtaa| vaha kriyA kI sthiti meM hI hotA hai| akriyA kI sthiti meM vaha setu TUTa jAtA hai| isa prakAra ye cAra vAda-AtmabAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyAvAdaphalita hote haiN| aba 'so'haM!' 'maiM vaha hUM'---yaha pratyabhijJA hotI hai, astitva kI smRti hotI hai, taba AtmA puSTa hotA hai aura ye cAra vAda isake AdhAra bana jAte haiN| samUce AcAra ke AdhArabhUta tatva ye cAra bAda haiN| paryAya do prakAra ke hote haiM-svAbhAvika paryAya aura sApekSika yA sAMyogika paryAya / svAbhAvika paryAya pratyeka meM hote haiN| mUrta meM bhI hote haiM aura amUrta meM bhI hote haiN| sApekSika yA sAMyogika paryAya kevala jIva aura pudgala meM hI hote haiN| ye vyaMjana paryAya haiM, sthUla paryAya haiM / ye hI parivartana ke hetubhUta haiM / anya cAra dravyoMdharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla- inameM ye vyaJjana paryAya nahIM hote| kevala svAbhAvika paryAya hI hote haiN| pudgala ke yoga se AtmA aneka rUpa letI hai-kabhI kucha bana jAtI hai, kabhI kucha bana jAtI hai| AtmA ke yoga se pudgala vizeSa prakAra ke rUpa lete haiN| jIva aura pudgala ke vyaJjana paryAya hI hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| una paryAyoM ke kAraNa hI jIva kA nAnA gatiyoM meM anusaMcaraNa hotA hai| yahAM astitva kI bAta nahIM, zuddha AtmA kI bAta nahIM kI gaI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai-yaha isakA pratipAdya nahIM hai| isakA pratipAdya yaha hai ki jo saMsAra me bhramaNa kara rahA hai, vaha kyA hai ? jo anusaMcaraNa kara rahA hai vaha caitanya kI zuddha sattA nahIM hai / zuddha sattA abhI taka banI nahIM hai / vaha azuddha hai / yaha AtmA aura pudgala kI sAMyogika dazA hai| isIlie yaha anusaMcaraNa ho rahA hai| 'so'haM' 'so'haM' kI pratyabhijJA meM zuddha sattA kI smRti nahIM hai| maiM vaha hUM jo

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6 manana aura mUlyAMkana anusacaraNa karatA hai| jo dizAoM aura vidizAoM meM anusaMcaraNa karatA hai, paribhramaNa kara rahA hai vaha maiM haM / aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki 'maiM hU~ aura anusaMcaraNa pudgala ke yoga se kara rahA hUM, kriyA aura karma ke kAraNa kara rahA hUM, to kyA isa anusaMcaraNa ko baMda kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki anusaMcaraNa ko rokA jA sakatA hai| jaba anusaMcaraNa, karma aura baMdha ke hetuAsrava kA jJAna ho jAtA hai taba Asrava ke sAtha-sAtha saMvara kA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai| ina karma-samAraMbhoM aura kriyAoM ko rokA jA sake to karma-baMdha ko rokA jA sakatA hai| jaba anusaMcaraNa ruka jAtA hai to svAbhAvika sattA aura svAbhAvika sthiratA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| samUce AlApaka meM AtmA, pudgala (ajIva), karma arthAt karma kI tIna avasthAeM-baMdha, puNya aura pApa tathA Asrava aura saMvara-ye sAta tattva phalita hote haiN| mahAvIra ne sabase pahale nau tatvoM kA vivecana kiyaa| yaha AcArAMga ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai| paMcAstikAya yA SaT dravya kA pratipAdana isake anantara huaa| mUla tattva nau haiN| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM SaT dravyoM yA paMcAstikAya kA koI vizeSa prayojana nahIM hai / sAdhanA ke kSetra meM nau tattvoM kA hI prayojana hai aura unhIM ke AdhAra para sArI AcAra-vyavasthA banI hai| SaT dravya kA nirUpaNa jagatvyavasthA ke sambandha meM ho sakatA hai| yahAM usakA vizeSa prayojana nahIM hai| karma ko hama eka tattva mAne yA vistAra meM usake tIna bhAga mAna leM-baMdha, puNya aura . paap| eka avyAkRta, ajJAta AtmA ko jAna lene para duHkha kyA hai ? duHkha kyoM hai ? duHkha ko kaise rokA jA sakatA hai ?-ye tInoM prazna eka sAtha samAhita ho jAte haiN| jaise 'cittavRtti-nirodha' se yoga kA prAraMbha hotA hai, vaise hI 'Asrava-nirodha' se AtmavAda kA yA AcArAMga meM nirUpita AcAra kA prAraMbha hotA hai| . (AcArAMga ke AdhAra para-pahalA pravacana-lADanUM 12-12-77) jijJAsA : samAdhAna prazna : mahAvIra se pahale darzana ke kSetra meM yaha jijJAsA uThatI rahI hai ki saMsAra kI utpatti kaise haI ? yahI jijJAsA vaidika aura yUnAnI darzana meM bhI prApta hotI hai| isa maulika tattva ko khojane kA prayatna huA ki sRSTi kA mUla kyA hai ? kintu mahAvIra ne yaha nahIM khojA ki sRSTi kahAM se utpanna huI hai? unhoMne khojA thAjIva kahAM se AyA hai ? ye to bhinna khojoM kI bAteM haiN| eka kahatA hai-sRSTi kahAM se AI aura dUsarA kahatA hai-jIva kahAM se AyA ? ina donoM meM maulika bheda kyA hai ?

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AcAra saMhitA kI pRSThabhUmi 7 uttara : jahAM vizva ke Adi bindu ke viSaya meM jijJAsA hotI hai to yahI prazna hogA ki jagat kyA hai ? sRSTi kyA hai ? yaha jagat kahAM se AyA ? kintu jahAM o AcAra kI pRSThabhUmi kI mImAMmA karate haiM vahAM yaha astitvavAdI prazna nahIM jagat kahAM se AyA ? jagat kyA hai ? AcArAMga meM vastutvavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra AcAra ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM yaha sArA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isalie jIva kahAM se AyA- yahAM yahI khoja prAsaMgika hai / yaha khoja astitvavAdI khoja ke uttarakAla meM hone vAlI khoja hai / prazna : jAti-smRti aura punarjanma kA pratipAdana to mahAtmA buddha ne bhI kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne AtmA ko avyAkRta kahA / usameM kyA bheda rahA hogA ? mahAvIra ke Atma-darzana aura jAti-smRti ke jAnane meM aura mahAtmA buddha ke jAnane meM- donoM kI kyA dRSTi thI ? uttara : isa viSaya meM mahAtmA buddha kA yaha cintana rahA ki sAmAnya vyakti AtmA jaise amUrta-tattva ke viSaya meM ulajhe nahIM / usake lie to itanA hI paryApta hai ki vaha duHkha ko dUra karatA rahe, vAsanA aura tRSNA ko miTAtA rahe aura samAdhi tathA sthiratA meM rhe| yaha buddha kI dRSTi karuNAprada thI / ve vartamAna ke duHkhoccheda bAta kahate the / AtmA jaise amUrta-tattva ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / ataH unhoMne ise avyAkRta kahA / mahAvIra ne kahA- jaba taka svayaM ke anubhava meM yaha bAta nahIM AegI ki maiM kauna hUM, taba taka use kitanA hI samajhAeM, usakI AsthA jamegI nahIM / jaba koI eka anubhava ho jAtA hai taba upadeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / vaha svayaM yoga meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai / AcArya kA kartavya yaha hai ki pahale use thor3A anubhava karA deM / mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa thA ki use AtmA kA anubhava ho; isalie ve jAti-smRti kA prayoga batAte / svayaM samAdhAna kara sako to karo, anyathA viziSTajJAnI ho usake pAsa jAkara samAdhAna lo / pahale yaha samAdhAna lo ki AtmA hai, punarjanma hai / yaha anubhava ho jAegA to AcAra meM vyakti svayaM pratiSThita ho jAegA / prazna : mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM AtmA kisakA karttA hai, para-padArthoM meM pariNAma karttA AtmA hai yA sva ke pariNAmoM kA karttA AtmA hai ? uttara : AtmA sva ke pariNamana kA hI karttA hai / dUsare kartRtva kA koI prazna hI nahIM hai / yaha svAbhAvika paryAya hai / yaha prazna sAMkhya darzana ke sandarbha meM bhI uTha sakatA hai / anyathA jaina dRSTi se vicAra kareM to svaparyAya kA karttA to pudgala bhI hai / agurulaghu- paryAya jo svAbhAvika paryAya hai, chahoM dravya usake karttA haiM / ataH svAbhAvika paryAya ke kartRtva kA to koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA, phira Atma-kartRtva kA prazna hI kyA hai ? kartRtva vahI hai jahAM vyaJjana paryAyoM kA nirmANa ho / vyaJjana paryAya dUsare ke yoga se hI hogA / pudgala ke yoga ke binA vyaMjana-paryAya nahIM ho

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manana aura mUlyAMkana sktaa| yaha kartRtva kI bAta AtmA meM isIlie uThI ki AtmA meM aisI bhI kSamatA hai ki vaha svAbhAvika paryAya ke atirikta vaibhAvika paryAya kA sRjana bhI kara sakatI hai| 8 prANa-zakti kA karttA kauna hai ? yaha sArI prANa-zakti aura usake AdhAra para hone vAlI mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyAM -- ina sabakA karttA mUla caitanya hI hai / nizcaya naya se vicAra karane vAle kahate haiM ki AtmA apane hI bhAvoM kA karttA hai | kartRtva kA vicAra bhI do dRSTiyoM se huA hai-- upAdAna kI dRSTi se aura nimitta kI dRSTi se / upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ThIka hai ki koI kisI kA kartA nahIM hai / jaba hama mAna lete haiM ki AtmA bhI anAdi hai to phira upAdana kI dRSTi kisI kA nahIM hai / kartRtva Adi kA vicAra nimitta kI dRSTi se hai / AtmA ke kAraNa pudgala meM parivartana hotA hai aura pudgala ke kAraNa AtmA meM parivartana hotA hai / ataH Atma-kartRtva apane Apa siddha ho jAtA hai /

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2. saMbodhi aura ahiMsA manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiM-Arta aura anaart| jisakI cetanA indriya aura mana ke stara para jyAdA kAma karatI hai, kevala viSayoM se saMpRkta rahatI hai, vaha Arta hotA hai| Arta manuSya bodhi ko sahaja rUpa meM prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vaha jJAna ke stara para jItA hai| aisA manuSya AtmA ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kie jAne vAle AcAra kA anuzIlana nahIM kara paataa| jo AcAra AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara nizcita kiyA jAtA hai usakA pahalA rUpa banatA hai--ahiMsA / AcAra ke nirdhAraNa meM tIna sandarbha jur3ate haiM 1. prANI jagat ke prati vyavahAra / 2. padArtha ke prati vyvhaar| 3. apane prati vyavahAra / prANI jagat ke prati vyavahAra kaisA ho-isakA sambandha jur3atA hai ahiMsA se / padArtha ke prati vyavahAra kaisA ho--isakA sambandha jur3atA hai aparigraha se / apane prati vyavahAra kaisA ho--isakA sambandha jur3atA hai Atma-ramaNa se / Atma-ramaNa ke AdhAra para AcAra kA nizcaya hotA hai| AcAra kA nizcaya jaba prANI jagat ke sandarbha meM banatA hai taba usakA pahalA sUtra banatA hai--ahiNsaa| ahiMsA ko samajhane ke lie cetanA kI jo bhUmikA cAhie vaha hai-saMbodhi / jaba taka saMbodhistarIya cetanA jAgRta nahIM hotI taba taka ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki jahAM indriya aura mana ke stara para cetanA kA vikAsa hotA hai vahAM indriya aura mana kI lAlasA kI pUrti hI mukhya banatI hai aura mAnava yahI cintana karatA hai ki indriya aura mana ko sukha aura Ananda mile / isase Age usakA cintana vikasita nahIM hotA / vaha yaha soca hI nahIM sakatA ki indriya aura mana kI tRpti se bar3I koI dUsarI siddhi ho sakatI hai| usakI paridhi mAtra indriya aura mana hI rahatA hai| vaha usa paridhi kI parikramA karatA rahatA hai| vaha mana aura indriyoM ko tRpta karane meM hI lagA rahatA hai| isa sthiti meM vaha Arta banatA hai| jaba vaha Arta hotA hai taba pravyathita rahatA hai| kabhI bhI usakI vyathA kA zamana nahIM hotaa| vyathA banI hI rahatI hai| apanI vyathA ko miTAne ke lie vaha

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10 manana aura mUlyAMkana dUsaroM ko duHkha detA hai, dUsaroM kA vadha karatA hai, paritApa detA hai, satAtA hai, dUsaroM kI upekSA karatA hai| ina saba pravRttiyoM kA mUla kAraNa hai-usakI aaturtaa| Atura vyakti dUsaroM ko paritApa dete haiM-AturA paritArvati (1-14) / Atura vyakti tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-kAmAtura, bhayAtura aura kssudhaatur| kAma se Atura vyakti vaha hotA hai jisake kevala mana aura indriyAM vikasita hotI haiM, saMbodhi aura prajJA vikasita nahIM hotii| bhaya se Atura vyakti vaha hotA hai jisakI buddhi kevala viSayoM taka hI jAtI hai| kevala viSayoM kI parikramA karane vAlA sadA bhayAtura hotA hai| usameM yaha AzaMkA banI rahatI hai ki prApta viSaya koI chIna na le| yaha bhaya use nirantara satAtA rahatA hai| usakA sArA mAnasa bhayAkrAnta ho jAtA hai| bhaya se Atura vyakti dUsaroM ko paritApa detA hai| . kSudhA se Atura vyakti vaha hotA hai jisakA mana sadA bhUkha kI pUrti meM hI lagA rahatA hai / vaha dUsaroM ko paritApa detA hai| tInoM vRttiyAM AturatA paidA karatI haiN| vaha AturatA vyakti ko hiMsA ke lie prerita karatI hai / Atura hiMsA kI bahuta bar3I preraNA hai| yaha AturatA AdamI kI ajJAnapUrNa manaHsthiti aura asaMbodhi kI manaHsthiti ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| Arta se asaMbodhi ko bala milatA hai| asaMbodhi se ajJAna ko bala milata hai / ajJAna se vyathA aura AturatA ko bala milatA hai aura vaha vyakti prANoM kA atipAta-hiMsA karatA hai| yadyapi isa saMsAra meM sabhI prANI vaise hI haiM jaisI apanI AtmA hai| lekina vyakti ajJAna aura viSayAsakti ke kAraNa una jIvoM ko nahIM jAnatA aura jAna lene para bhI una jIvoM ke prati vaisA vyavahAra nahIM krtaa| ____ lajjamANA puDho pAsa (1-15)-kucha loga aise haiM jo saMyama kA vyavahAra nahIM karate / lajjA kA artha hai-saMyama / sAmAnya vyaktiyoM kI bAta hama chor3a deM kintu kucha aise manuSya bhI haiM jo apane Apako anagAra kahate haiM, gRhatyAgI saMnyAsI kahate haiM, ve loga bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana nahIM karate, saMyama kA pAlana nahIM karate, kyoMki unheM abhI saMbodhi prApta nahIM hai / ve ghara ko chor3akara kucheka kAraNoM se saMnyAsI bana gae kintu ve saMbodhi kI cetanA ko vikasita nahIM kara pAe, ataH ve gRhatyAgI hote hue bhI hiMsA meM pravRtta haiN| ve jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| __ hiMsA karane ke bhI kucheka kAraNa haiM / jaba paramArtha kI cetanA jAgRta nahIM hotI, kevala indriya aura mana kI paridhi meM hI cetanA kA vikAsa hotA hai taba mana meM prazaMsA, bar3appana, pajA, pratiSThA kI bhAvanA panapatI hai| yaha lokaSaNA sadA banI rahatI hai| isa lokaSaNA ke kAraNa ve loga hiMsA karate haiM / lokaSaNA hiMsA kA eka-mukhya

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saMbodhi aura ahiMsA 11 kAraNa hai / hiMsA se hI vyakti mukta ho sakatA hai jisakI lokaiSaNA samApta ho jAtI hai / lokaiSaNA taba samApta hotI hai jaba cetanA kA UrdhvagAmI vikAsa hotA hai, jaba cetanA kAma - kendra se Upara uThakara prajJA ke stara para A jAtI hai aura zuddha nirmala prajJA bana jAtI hai, aisI sthiti meM lokaiSaNA samApta ho jAtI hai / taba vyakti lokaiSaNA se pare jAkara soca sakatA hai / anyathA sabase priya yahI lagatA hai-- loga mujhe vandanA kareM, merI stavanA kareM, merI pUjA-pratiSThA kreN| jaba ye prApta hotI rahatI haiM taba vyakti yaha soca bhI nahIM sakatA ki use ahiMsA kA vikAsa karanA hai / yaha prazna usake sAmane upasthita hI nahIM hotA / isa lokaiSaNA se dharma kI dhAraNA vikRta bana jAtI hai / vaha socatA hai-- hiMsA se bhI janma maraNa se mukti pAI jA sakatI hai, duHkhoM se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai| dharma ke sAtha jo hiMsA jur3atI hai usake do kAraNa haiM-- janma maraNa se mukti aura duHkha se mukti / jaba taka yaha prasthApita nahIM kiyA jAtA ki hiMsA hone para janma maraNa se tathA duHkha se chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA taba taka hiMsA ko sahArA milatA hai| isalie bahuta se dhArmikoM ne mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI taMtra Adi ke prayoga cAlU kie / pazu bali kI bAta to mAnya thI hI, nara bali bhI sammata ho gaI / usakA AdhAra yahI banatA thA ki ina prakriyAoM se zakti kI upAsanA hotI hai, ArAdhanA hotI hai, devatA santuSTa hote haiM / devatAoM ko tRpta karate-karate, unakA anugraha prApta karate-karate saMsAra se bhI mukti pAI jA sakatI hai / isa saMsAra mukti aura duHkha-mukti ke lie bahuta sAre loga hiMsA karate the / isa prakAra hiMsA ke mukhya kAraNa bana jAte haiM -- lokaiSaNA aura dharma kI mithyA dhAraNA jo lokaiSaNA se hI prerita hotI hai / yaha sArA aise logoM kI manaHsthiti kA citraNa hai, jinako saMbodhi prApta nahIM hai, jo viSayoM kI paridhi meM jIte haiM, mithyA dhAraNAeM banAte haiM aura hiMsA karate rahate haiM / jinakI saMbodhi jAgRta ho jAtI hai, jinakI prajJA saMbodhi ke stara para unmeSa letI hai, indriya aura mana ke stara se Upara uThakara jinakA caitanya vikasita hotA hai ve vyakti apane AdAnIya ko prApta ho jAte haiM, jo prAptavya hai vaha unheM prApta ho jAtA hai - se taM saMbujjhamANe AyANIyaM samuTThAe (1-24) / ve apane AdAna ko lekara calate haiM / jaba taka AdAnIya nahIM milatA, jo patha prAptavya hai vaha prApta nahIM hotA; taba taka vyakti heya ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai / calane kI doM dizAeM haiN| eka hai heya ke sAtha-sAtha calanA aura dUsarI hai. Adeya ke sAtha-sAtha calanA / indriya aura mana kI cetanA ke sAtha calane vAlA sadA heya ke sAtha calatA hai | jaba vyakti isa stara kI cetanA se Upara uTha jAtA hai, jaba usameM saMbodhi jAgRta ho jAtI hai, taba vaha AdAnIya - upAdeya ke sAtha calatA hai / AdAnI ke sAtha usakI yAtrA prAraMbha ho jAtI hai / saMbodhi prApta hone para, koI

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12 manana aura mUlyAMkana atizayajJAnI vyakti kA sahavAsa mila jAtA hai to use eka bala aura prApta ho jAtA hai| vaha usa jJAnI vyakti se suna letA hai--prANI kA vadha karanA hiMsA hai aura hiMsA eka granthi hai| usameM aisA saMskAra nirmita ho jAtA hai, jisase mukta honA sarala nahIM hotaa| vaha granthi kaThinAI se khulatI haiN| vaha sadA satAtI rahatI hai / esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu narae (1-25)hiMsA eka granthi hai| vaha moha paidA karatI hai| vaha aisI mUr3hatA paidA karatI hai, jisase chuTakArA pAnA muzkila hotA hai| vaha sadA pIchA karatI rahatI hai| hiMsA mAra-mRtyu hai| vyakti dUsare ko nahIM mAratA, vaha svayaM ko hI mAratA hai| jo vyakti dUsare prANI kA vadha karatA hai, vaha apanA svayaM kA vadha karatA hai| dUsare prANI kI mRtyu nahIM hotI, svayaM kI mRtyu hotI hai / vaha vyakti svayaM kI prANa-zakti se, svayaM kI caitanya-zakti se aura svayaM ke AcAra se skhalita ho jAtA hai| vaha svayaM pahale maratA hai| dUsaroM ko mArane se pahale vaha svayaM ko pahale mAratA hai| hiMsA naraka hai| 'hiMsA karane vAlA naraka meM jAtA hai'-yaha bhaviSya kI bAta ho sakatI hai, kintu hiMsA svayaM naraka hai| hiMsA kA kSaNa naraka kA kSaNa hai| hiMsA karane vAlA kaba maregA aura kaba use naraka prApta hogA, yaha Age kI bAta hai| kintu hiMsA kA kSaNa mRtyu kA kSaNa hai / hiMsA kA kSaNa naraka kA kSaNa hai / usa sthiti kA sahI citraNa karane ke lie vartamAna meM bhaviSya kA upacAra-AropaNa kiyA gayA. hai| isa AropaNa ke kAraNa hiMsA kA svarUpa bahuta spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hiMsA karane vAle vyakti kI jo cetanA nirmita hotI hai vaha nArakIya cetanA hotI hai / isa prakAra vaha vyakti apane antaHkaraNa meM isa prakAra duHkha ajita kara letA hai ki binA naraka meM gae bhI vaha nArakIya yAtanA ko isI janma meM bhugata letA hai| jaba vyakti ko sambodhi prApta ho jAtI hai aura usa sambodhi kA samarthana jaba use kisI atIndriya jJAnI dvArA mila jAtA hai taba usakI zraddhA puSTa ho jAtI hai| vaha yaha mAnane laga jAtA hai ki hiMsA vahI karatA hai jo Asakta hotA hai, jo pAgala hotA hai| jisameM Asakti nahIM hotI, vaha hiMsA nahIM krtaa| jisameM unmAda yA pAgalapana nahIM hotA, vaha hiMsA nahIM krtaa|| ____ Asakti svayaM eka nazA hai, unmAda hai, pAgalapana hai| Asakti kA carama-bindu hI pAgalapana hai| Asakti jaba tIvra hotI hai taba vaha eka hI dizA meM pravAhita hone laga jAtI hai| pAgala bhI vahI hotA hai jo jisa bAta ko pakar3a letA hai, use chor3atA nahIM, chor3a nahIM paataa| jisameM chor3ane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI, vaha pAgala hotA hai| pAgala aura samajhadAra vyakti ke vyavahAra meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hotaa| samajhadAra AdamI meM bhI bAta kI pakar3a hotI hai, kintu usameM yaha bhI kSamatA hotI hai ki vaha jaba cAhe taba usa bAta ko chor3a sakatA hai| pAgala AdamI meM niyantraNa kI kSamatA nahIM hotii| jo bAta pakar3a lI, vaha pakar3a hI lii| use chor3ane kA prazna

Page #23
saMbodhi aura ahiMsA 13 ho nahIM aataa| gAlI denA prAraMbha kiyA to gAlI detA hI jaaegaa| sAmane phira koI bhI kyoM na ho / haMsanA zurU kiyA to haMsatA hI rhegaa| ronA zurU kiyA to rotA hI rahegA / usa dhArA ko tor3ane kI kSamatA usameM nahIM rhtii| Asakti kI dhArA itanI tIvra ho jAtI hai ki vaha pAgalapana bana jAtI hai| yaha anubhava hotA hai-iccatthaM gaDhie loe (1-46)-loka isameM grathita hai, Asakta hai, pAgala hai| vaha Asakta hokara hI nAnA prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| isa prasaMga meM yaha prazna prApta hotA hai-jIva kyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'SaDjIvanikAya' kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| jIva chaha prakAra ke haiM-pRthvIkAyika jIva, apkAyika jIva, agnikAyika jIva, vAyukAyika jIva, vanaspatikAyika jIva aura trasakAthika jIva / samUce bhAratIya darzana meM yaha nirUpaNa eka nayA nirUpaNa hai| AcArya siddha sena ne dvAtriMzikA meM likhA hai-"bhagavan ! Apa sarvajJa the, yaha samajhane ke lie aura adhika pramANa kI jarUrata nahIM hai, kevala SaD jIvanikAya kA nirUpaNa hI yaha siddha karane ke lie paryApta hai ki Apa sarvajJa haiN|" SaD jIvanikAya meM pahalA hai-pRthviikaay| sUtrakAra kahate haiM- grathita vyakti svIkAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, miTTI ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| isa prasaMga meM eka rahasya kA udghATana bhI hotA hai ki jo pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karatA hai vaha kevala pRthvI kAya ke jIvoM kI hI hiMsA nahIM karatA, kintu pRthvI ke Azraya meM rahane vAle aneka dUsare jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| jIvoM kA paraspara itanA gaharA sambandha hai ki eka jIva dUsare jIva ke Azraya meM jItA hai| manuSya trasakAyika prANI hai| vaha pratyekazarIrI hai| usameM eka hI AtmA hai| kintu usa AtmA ke sahAre asaMkhya jIva palate haiN| una jIvoM ko AtmA kA aMza samajhakara kucha loga yaha kalpanA karate haiM ki eka zarIra meM eka AtmA nahIM hotI, kintu mAnava zarIra meM asaMkhya AtmAeM hotI haiN| eka hotI hai mUla AtmA aura usake Azrita hotI haiM asaMkhya aatmaaeN| jo zarIra kI AraMbhaka AtmA hotI hai, vaha mUla AtmA hai / jisane zarIra kA AraMbha kiyA, jisane zarIra kA nirmANa kiyA, vaha hai AraMbhaka aatmaa| AraMbhaka AtmA ke sahAre rahane vAlI AtmAeM Azrita AtmAeM kahalAtI haiN| jaise vRkSa kA bIja AraMbhaka AtmA hai, kintu bIja jaba aMkurita hotA hai, bar3hatA hai aura zarIra kA vistAra karatA hai taba dUsarI-dUsarI AtmAeM usake sahAre panapane lagatI haiN| patra, puSpa, phala Adi asaMkhya AtmAeM usase jur3a jAtI haiN| pRthvIkAya ke Azraya meM bhI aneka AtmAeM hotI haiN| pRthvIkAya ke Azraya meM pRthvI ke jIva hI nahIM rahate, apkAyika, vanaspatikAyika aura trasakAyika jIva bhI rahate haiN| pRthvI ke jIvoM kI hiMsA karane vAlA kevala pRthvI kI hI hisA nahIM

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14 manana aura mUlyAMkana karatA, baha anya jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai / punaH eka prazna hotA hai ki kyA pRthvIkAya meM cetanA hai ? pratIta nahIM hotA ki usameM cetanA hai, kyoMki aisA koI lakSaNa nahIM dIkhatA, jisase jAnA jA sake ki cetanA hai, phira yaha hiMsA kI bAta kyoM Aropita kI jAe ? isa prazna ko vistAra se samajhAyA gayA ki pRthvIkAya meM cetanA hai -- yaha nizcita sthApanA hai / jIva aura ajIva kA bheda isa AdhAra para sthApita karate haiM ki jIva meM kucha aise lakSaNa haiM jo ajIva meM nahIM hote / prANoM kA 'spandana, halana calana, zvAsa, AhAra, pudgaloM kA sAtmIkaraNa - ye kucha bAteM jinameM hotI haiM, use hama jIva kahate haiN| ye bAteM jinameM nahIM hotIM use hama ajIva kahate haiM / jisameM apane sukhaduHkha ko prakaTa karane kI kSamatA hotI hai vaha jIva hotA hai aura jisameM yaha kSamatA nahIM hotI, vaha ajIva kahalAtA hai / kyA pRthvIkAya meM ye kSamatAeM haiM, jinake AdhAra para yaha mAna sakeM ki pRthvIkAya jIva hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha batAyA gayA ki eka AdamI jo janma se aMdhA hai, baharA hai aura mUka hai, usakA koI chedana"bhedana karatA hai --- Takhane kA, ghuTane kA, piMDalI kA, jaMghA kA yA eka-eka avayava kA chedana-bhedana karatA hai, kyA usa vyakti ko koI pIr3A kI anubhUti nahIM hotI ? avazya hotI hai, kyoMki usameM cetanA hai / vaha pIr3A kA anubhava karatA hai / vaha bolakara apanI - pIr3A ko vyakta nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki use vANI prApta nahIM hai / vaha sunakara bhI nahIM jAna sakatA ki use pIr3A ho rahI hai, kyoMki vaha suna bhI nahIM sakatA / aMdhA hone ke kAraNa mArane vAle ko bhI nahIM dekha sakatA / usake sAre avayava isa prakAra * khaNDita kara diye gae haiM ki usameM kisI prakAra ke saMcAlana kI kSamatA bhI nahIM rahatI / use itanA vyathita aura bebhAna kara diyA gayA hai ki mUrcchA jaisI sthiti prApta karA dI gaI hai / vaha pIr3A kA anubhava karate hue bhI apanI sthiti ko - abhivyakta nahIM kara sktaa| jaba eka mAnava jisake pAsa pAMca indriyAM haiM, halana'calana hai, dUsare jIvoM kI apekSA se vikasita cetanA prApta hai, vaha bhI isa sthiti meM apanI vedanA ko pradarzita karane meM sakSama nahIM hotA to eka sthAvara jIva jo -saMjJAoM se zUnya hai, jisakI cetanA alpavikasita haiM, bolane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, halanacalana kI kSamatA nahIM hai, jisake hAtha-paira Adi avayava nahIM haiM, vaha prANI yadi apanI vedanA ko abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatA to usake AdhAra para yaha nahIM mAnA jA * sakatA ki usameM vedanA nahIM hai / yaha mAnanA hI adhika saMgata hogA ki usameM vedanA hai para use abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki abhivyakti kA usake pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai / isakA niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki tathAkathita badhira, mUka, aMdha aura pIr3A se mUcchita mAnava ko mArane para vedanA hotI hai / para vaha vedanA ko prakaTa nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra pRthvIkAya ke jIva ko bhI vedanA hotI hai, kintu vaha 'styAnaddhi' mUrcchA ke kAraNa use vyakta nahIM kara pAtA / 'styAnaddha' mUrcchA kI

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saMbodhi aura ahiMsA 15 'eka vizeSa avasthA hai / mUrchA kI pAMca avasthAeM haiM 1. nidraa| 2. nidraa-nidraa| 3. prclaa| 4. prclaa-prclaa| 5. styAnaddhi / styAnaddhi avasthA meM cetanA itanI saghana ho jAtI hai ki vaha jar3a bana jAtI hai| vahAM cetana aura acetana kI bhedarekhA bahuta aspaSTa ho jAtI hai / sthUladRSTi se sampanna logoM kI dRSTi meM vaha cetanA pratIta nahIM hotii| pRthvIkAya ke jIva styAnaddhi cetanA kA jIvana jIte haiN| yaha itanI jar3IbhUta cetanA kI avasthA hai ki usameM ve apanA lakSaNa prakaTa nahIM kara sakate / isameM rahane vAle jIvoM ko nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve cetana haiN| kintu sUkSmadRSTi se sampanna loga yaha kaha sakate haiM ki pRthvI meM cetanA kI anubhUti hai| ve cetana haiM, isalie unameM sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti bhI hotI hai| sparza Adi pravRttiyoM ke dvArA unheM kaSTa kI anubhUti hotI hai| jo vyakti pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI sacetanatA svIkAra kara unake samAraMbha se virata hotA hai, vaha 'parijJAtakarmA' kahalAtA hai| jo parijJAtakarmA hotA hai, vahI ahiMsaka hotA hai| ___ karma (pravRtti) ke viSaya meM do mukhya dhAraNAeM haiN| eka hai- anAsakta bhAva se karma karane kI aura dUsarI hai-karma ke tyAga kii| prastuta sandarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karma-tyAga kI bAta kahI aura usa mArga kA vizada pratipAdana kiyaa| yaha parityAga hI viveka hai| jo karma-tyAga karatA hai vahI ahiMsaka hotA hai| hiMsAsamAraMbha ko chor3ane vAlA ahiMsaka hotA hai| karma ko chor3ane vAlA ahiMsaka hotA hai| pariSkAra kI bAta vRttiyoM meM ho sakatI hai| karma meM pariSkAra kI bAta nahIM aatii| hiMsA karane ke mAnasa kA pariSkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnasa ko anAsakta banAyA jA sakatA hai| mAnasa ke sandarbha meM yaha bAta ho sakatI hai, karma ke sandarbha meM nhiiN| karma kA parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo karma kA parityAga karatA hai vaha parijJAtakarmA muni kahalAtA hai| __ muni zabda kA artha-sambandha mauna se nahIM hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM muni kA artha badala gayA aura mauna karane vAlA muni kahalAne lgaa| kintu prAkRta sAhitya meM muni zabda kA mauna ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| moNeNa muNI hoI-mauna se muni hotA hai| yahAM 'mauna' kA artha hai-jnyaan| 'muNAti-jANAti'-muni vaha hai jo jAnatA hai| 'muNa' dhAtu jAnane ke artha meM hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI yaha pracalita thA-'manyate sa muniH'--jo manana karatA hai vaha muni hotA hai| kintu

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16 manana aura mUlyAMkana uttarakAla meM isako mauna ke sAtha jor3a diyA gyaa| yaha artha saMgata nahIM hai| jaise paMDita kA artha hai-virata-viraiM paDucca paMDie tti aahijjii| usI prakAra muni kA artha hai- jnyaanii| ___ jo parijJAtakarmA hai vaha muni hai| jo hiMsA ke karma ko tyAga detA hai, vaha tyAgI hI paMDita hai, muni hai| jo hiMsA kA parityAga nahIM karatA vaha dussaMbohe avijANae-ajJAnI hI rahatA, use bodhi prApta nahIM hotii| jo pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ke prati zastra kA prayoga nahIM karatA, usa vyakti ke AraMbha svayaM parityakta ho jAte haiN| vaha parijJAta ho jAtA hai| yahAM 'zastra' zabda bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma hI hai-zastraparijJA-zastra kA viveka / zastra kA viveka hue binA hiMsA aura ahiMsA ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| zastra kA artha hai-virodhI vastu / zastra dasa prakAra ke hote haiM-agni, viSa, lavaNa, sneha, kSAra, amla, duSprayukta mana, duSprayukta vacana, duSprayukta kAyA aura avirati / inameM prathama chaha dravyazastra aura zeSa cAra bhAvazastra haiM (ThANaM 10/63). agni bhI eka zastra hai| namaka, viSa Adi bhI zastra haiN| ye saba haiM dravyazastra / eka hai bhAvazastra / prANI kA manobhAva bhI eka zastra hai| avirati bhI zastra hai| hiMsA se virata na honA bhI eka zastra hai| hiMsA kA prayoga karanA yA hiMsA kA manobhAva karanA bhI hiMsA hai, zastra hai| kAyikI kriyA ke do prakAra haiM-anuparata kAyikI kriyA aura duSprayukta kAyikI kriyA / kAyA kA vaha prayoga jo virata nahIM hai, uparata nahIM hai vaha anuparata kAyikI kriyA hai / dUsarA hai--kAyA duSprayoga / avirata kAyA bhI zastra hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA kA duSprayoga na karane para bhI yadi uparati nahIM hai, uparati kA saMkalpa nahIM hai to usa vyakti kI kAyA bhI zastra hai| ettha satthaM samAraMbhamANassa-iccete AraMbhA apariNNAtA bhvNti| ettha satthaM asamAraMbhamANassa--iccete AraMbhA pariNNAtA bhvNti| (1-31, 32) zastra kA asamAraMbha usI sthiti meM prApta hotA hai jaba kAyA uparata hAtI hai, duSprayukta nahIM hotii| donoM sthitiyAM banatI haiM taba zastra kA asamAraMbha hotA hai| AraMbha apane Apa parijJAta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jaba taka uparati nahIM hotI taba taka manuSya kA bhAva hiMsA se jur3A rahatA hai / jaba bhAva nahIM hogA tabhI kAyA hiMsA se uparata hogii| bhAva saura kAyA-jaba donoM zastra nahIM banate tabhI AraMbha parityakta hote haiN| sUtrakAra ne upadeza kI bhASA meM kahA hai-eyAvaMti savvAvaMti logaMsi kamma-samAraMbhA parijANiyanvA bhavaMti (1-11) / (AcArAMga ke AdhAra para-dUsarA pravacana-lADanUM 13-12-77)

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3. pAcAra kA pahalA satra AcAra ke pAMca prakAra haiM-jJAna AcAra, darzana AcAra, cAritra AcAra, tapaH AcAra aura vIrya aacaar| - AcArAMga sUtra meM sabase pahale cAritra AcAra kA varNana huA hai| cAritra AcAra kA pahalA sUtra hai-ahiMsA / isakA artha hai-prANAtipAta se virati, jIva hiMsA kA tyAga / ahiMsA ke prasaMga meM sabase pahale pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA kI virati kA upadeza diyA gyaa| isakA eka kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM yaha mAnyatA thI ki sRSTi kI racanA bhUtoM se huI hai| kucha loga mAnate haiM ki bhUtoM se cetanA nirmita hotI hai| isa viSaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa isa ahiMsA ke prasaMga meM hI pratipAdita hotA hai| unhoMne kahA, "pRthvI, pAnI, agni aura vAyu-ye svayaM jIva haiN| inameM jIva utpanna nahIM hote, ye svayaM jIva haiM / yaha dRzya jagat jIvoM se banA huA hai| paramANu sUkSma hote haiM, ve jIva ke zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hokara sthUla banate haiN|" isakA artha yaha huA ki yaha sthUla yA dRzya jagat yA to jIvaccharIra hai yA jIvamukta zarIra hai| sthUlatA aura dRzyatA jIvoM ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| jo pudgala jIva ke zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gae-jIboM ne jina pudgaloM ko apane zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNata kara liyA, ve pudgala sthUla bana jAte haiN| ve do hI prakAra ke haiM--jIvaccharIra yA jIvamukta zarIra / AgamoM meM do zabda pracalita haiM-baddhalagA, mukkelagA-baddha aura mukta / pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM-baddha pudgala aura mukta pudgala / jIva se baddha pudgala aura jIva se mukta pudgala / jIva jitanI vargaNAoM kA upayoga karatA hai, ve sArI vargaNAeM baddha hotI haiM / jIvamukta vargaNAeM bhI haiN| - prAcInakAla meM donoM vicAradhArAeM thIM-bhUtoM se sRSTi aura cetanA utpanna huI hai yA cetana se sRSTi utpanna huI hai / sthUla sRSTi jIva se huI hai, yaha bhI apekSAdRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki yaha sthUla yA dRzya jagat jIva ke dvArA kRta hai| isa dRSTi se sarvaprathama jIva ke rUpa meM pRthvI kA nirUpaNa huaa| pRthvI jo bhUta mAnA jAtA hai, vaha bhUta hI nahIM, svayaM jIva hai| vaha jIva kA utpAdaka nahIM, svayaM jIva hai| usake prati bhI Atmavat vyavahAra honA cAhie / pRthvI ke anantara dUsarA

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18 manana aura mUlyAMkana tattva hai-jala / jala bhI svayaM jIva hai| prazna hotA hai ki jala ke jIvoM ke lakSaNa kyA haiM ? uttara meM kahA gayA-yadi tumheM kisI tarka yA hetu se patA na cale ki jala meM jIva haiM to AjJA se jAna lo ki jala meM jIva haiN| yahAM yaha spaSTa hai ki samajha ke do prakAra haiM--eka hai svayaM kA jJAna, dUsarA hai-AjJA-atIndriyajJAna sampanna vyakti kA jJAna / AjJA kA artha hai-Agama, atIndriyajJAna, Apta puruSa kA jJAna, sAkSAt draSTA kA jJAna / 'jala meM jIva haiM-ise tuma svayaM na jAna sako to AjJA se use jAna lo, atIndriya jJAnI se pUchakara jAna lo aura phira akutobhayaM (1-38)-una jIvoM ko abhaya pradAna karo, unheM bhaya utpanna mata kro| kyA jala ke jIvoM meM bhI bhaya hotA hai ? jala ke jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, krodha, mAna, mAyA-ye sArI saMjJAeM hotI haiN| vanaspati ke viSaya meM Aja bahuta khojeM ho cukI haiN| vanaspati ke jIva kitane bhayabhIta hote haiM- isa viSaya meM aneka prayoga kiye ge| eka vyakti ne eka paudhe ko kaSTa phuNcaayaa| kucha samaya bAda eka vaijJAnika ne usa vyakti ko punaH usI paudhe ke pAsa bhejaa| jaise hI vaha vyakti vahAM pahuMcA, paudhA bhaya se kAMpane lgaa| grApha badala gyaa| vaijJAnika ne socA, zAyada akelA vyakti thA, isalie paudhe ne pahacAna liyaa| phira usane pAMca vyaktiyoM ke sAtha usako bhejaa| pAMca vyakti gae, taba paudhe meM koI parivartana nahIM aayaa| jyoM hI vaha gayA, paudhA kAMpane lgaa| vanaspati ke jIva usa vyakti se bhayabhIta hote haiM jo unheM kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai aura usa vyakti se bhI Darate haiM jo burI bhAvanA lekara jAtA hai| vanaspati meM bhaya saMjJA hotI hai, yaha Aja bahuta spaSTa ho cukA hai| 'akutobhayaM'-yaha zabda bhI usI satya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki jala jIvoM meM bhI bhaya saMjJA hotI hai| bhagavAn ne kahA, "kisI bhI prakAra se jala ke jIvoM ko bhaya mata pahuMcAo, unheM abhaya karo, unake prati hiMsA kI bhAvanA mata kro|" phira prazna hotA hai ki jala meM jIva hai-yaha kaise svIkArya ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki usameM jIva kA koI lakSaNa prakaTa nahIM hai| uttara meM kahA gayA-neva sayaM logaM abhAikkhejjA......(1-36) loka (jIvaloka) kA abhyAkhyAna mata kro| jala meM jIva haiM-isa satya kA apalApa mata kro| jo sacAI hai| use jhuThalAo mata / jala meM jIva hotA hai-yaha eka bAta hai aura jala svayaM jIva hai--yaha dUsarI bAta hai| jala meM AgaMtuka jIva bhI haiM, kintu jala svayaM jIva hai| isa sacAI ko jhuThalAne vAlA svayaM ke astitva ko jhuThalAtA hai| je loyaM (AukAiya loyaM) anbhAikkhai, se attANaM anbhaaikkhi| je attANaM abbhAikkhai, se loyaM anbhAikkhA // (1-36) -jo jala ke jIvoM ke astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai, vaha apane astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai| jo apane astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai vahI jala ke

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AcAra kA pahalA sUtra 16 jIva ke astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai| Atmaupamya kI bAta yahAM itanI gaharAI se kahI gaI hai ki jahAM tumhArI AtmA hai, vahAM jala ke jIva kI AtmA hai / AtmAAtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai| yadi koI jala kI AtmA ko asvIkAra karatA hai to vaha svayaM kI AtmA ko asvIkAra karatA hai| apanI AtmA ko asvIkAra karake hI koI jala kI AtmA ko asvIkAra kara sakatA hai| gaharAI meM utaro aura apanI AtmA kA anubhava karo, sAkSAt kro| jaba apanI AtmA kA anubhava ho jAegA taba jala kI AtmA kA anubhava ho jaaegaa| jise jala kI AtmA kA anubhava ho jAegA, use apanI AtmA kA bhI anubhava ho jaaegaa| AtmA kI itanI ekAtmakatA hai, itanA advaita hai ki eka AtmA kA sahI anubhava hone para sabhI AtmAoM kA anubhava ho jAtA hai| buddhi ke stara para AtmA ko mAnanA eka bAta hai aura anubhava ke stara para use jAnanA eka bAta hai| eka jIva kA anubhava karo, saba jIvoM kA anubhava ho jaaegaa| yaha usa jJAna ke stara kI bAta nahIM hai jisa stara para mAnava kI cetanA astitva ko sAkSAt jAna letI hai| jaba eka ko sAkSAt jAna letI hai to dUsare ko bhI sAkSAt jAna letI hai| - isa prasaMga ke pazcAt ahiMsA kA sAmAnya AlApaka sUtra prastuta hotA hai aura usameM kaI nayI jAnakAriyAM bhI haiN| .. aNagArANaM udaya-jIvA viyAhiyA-isa AlApaka ke tIna artha kie jA sakate haiM --1. anagAroM ne jala meM jIva batalAe haiM, 2. anagAroM ke lie jala meM jIva batalAe haiM aura 3. anagAra darzana meM jala svayaM jIva rUpa meM nirUpita hai| jala meM jIva haiM, isalie jala meM zastra ko dekho| jala jIvoM ke lie jo zastra banatA hai usakA bhI tuma viveka karo aura dekho ki una jIvoM ke lie kauna-kauna se zastra banate haiN| 'anagAra' zabda jaina muniyoM ke lie to vyavahRta hotA hI hai, anyatIthika muniyoM ke lie bhI vaha vyavahRta hai / aNagArAmotti ege pavayamANA (1-41)-jo bhI gRhatyAgI hote the, ve aNagAra kahalAte the| yaha RSi-muniyoM aura saMnyAsiyoM ke lie vyavahRta hone vAlA sarva-sAmAnya zabda thA / anagAroM ke lie batAyA gayA ki jala meM jIva hote haiN| ataH unake lie kucha maryAdAeM nirdhArita kii| unheM batAyA ki jala ke jIvoM ke aneka zastra haiM--puDho satyaM paveiyaM (1-57) / usa samaya kI eka carcA kA aura ullekha hai ki kucha anagAra jala lete the, para ve binA AjJA ke nahIM lete the| jaise vihAra karate samaya rAste meM nadI A gaI, kuAM A gayA aura yadi pAnI pInA hotA to ve anagAra svayaM jala nahIM lete; kintu sAtha meM calane vAle vyakti yA koI pathika se anumati lekara jala grahaNa kara lete, pI lete| unakA yaha tarka thA-hamane koI corI nahIM kI hai, hamane svakRtipUrvaka jala pIyA hai| jaina zramaNa isake pratyuttara meM tarka dete-aduvA adiNNAdANaM (1-58)

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20 manana aura mUlyAMkana anumatipUrvaka sacitta jala grahaNa karanA bhI adattAdAna hai| phira prazna uThA ki vyakti kI AjJA se liyA jAne vAlA jala adattAdAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? pathika kI AjJA yA anya kisI vyakti kI AjJA le lene para adanAdAna kaise ho sakatA haiM ? usa samaya indrAvagraha Adi aneka prakAra ke avagraha pracalita the| avagraha le lene para corI kaise ? isakA uttara thA-tumane kueM ke svAmI yA pathika se anumati lI, kintu jala ke jIvoM kI anumati nahIM lI ki hama tumheM pInA cAhate haiN| jala ke jIva apane zarIra ke svayaM svAmI haiM, kueM kA mAlika yA anya koI bhI unakA svAmI nahIM ho sktaa| ataH unakI anumati ke binA unakI hiMsA karanA adattAdAna hai| usa samaya ke saMnyAsiyoM aura anagAroM kI jala-grahaNa sambandhI vividha maryAdAeM thiiN| kucha kahate-jala-grahaNa kI hamArI eka sImA hai / hama parimANa ke sAtha sajIva jala lete haiM / hama chanA huA sajIva jala lete haiN| kucha kahate-hama kevala pIne ke lie sajIva jala le sakate haiN| kucha kahate-hama pIne aura snAna Adi karane ke lie sajIva jala le sakate haiN| usa samaya vibhinna mAnyatAeM pracalita thiiN| ina sabakA varNana jaina Agama 'aupapAtika' meM vistAra se prApta hotA hai| pAnI kava lenA cAhie, kitanA lenA cAhie-isakA spaSTa varNana vahAM prApta hai| sUtrakAra ne prastuta prasaMga meM ina mAnyatAoM kA saMketa ina zabdoM meM diyA hai-kappai Ne pAuM, aduvA vibhUsAe (1-56) / - tIsarA tattva hai-taijskaay| agni bhI jIva hai| jo agni ke jIvoM ke astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai, vaha apane astitva ko asvIkAra karatA hai| 'dIrghaloka' yaha agni kA dyotaka zabda hai| yaha sabase bar3A loka hai| yaha saba para hAvI hone vAlA loka hai| yaha atyanta vyApaka hai| sabase bar3A jagat hai vanaspati kA / agni vanaspati kA zastra hai| vanaspati kI hiMsA agni se hotI hai| ataH yaha dIrghaloka hai / ye sthAvara jIva paraspara eka-dUsare ke zastra banate haiN| jala agni kA zastra hai| agni pRthvI aura vanaspati ke lie zastra banatI hai| agni dIrghalokazastra hai je dIhaloga-satthassa kheyaNNe, se asatthassa kheynnnne| je asatthassa kheyaNNe, se dIhaloga-satthassa kheyaNNe // (1-67) / ----jo agni-zastra ko jAnatA hai, vaha azastra ko jAna letA hai| jo azastra ko jAnatA hai, vaha agni-zastra ko jAna letA hai| jo yaha jAna letA hai ki agnizastra hai, vaha yaha bhI jAna letA hai ki agni kI hiMsA kaise nahIM ho sktii| ___ agni jIva hai; isa nirUpaNa meM bhUtavAda kI carcA punaH prApta hotI hai / agni bhUta nahIM, svayaM jIva hai| jIva-nikAyoM kA krama isa prakAra hai-pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati

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AcAra kA pahalA sUtra 21 aura trasa / prastuta sUtra meM isa krama kA vyatyaya huA hai / vAyu cauthA bhUta thA, vaha yahAM anta meM rakhA gayA hai| yaha vyatyaya aura kisI sUtra meM prApta nahIM hai| yahAM cauthA bhUta vanaspati hai aura chaThA vAyu / isakA bhI mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai| cAra jIvanikAya kevala sthAvara haiM--pRthvI, jala, agni aura vnspti| inake bAda basa kA krama AtA hai / vAyu trasa aura sthAvara-donoM meM mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha gatizIla hai| gatizIla hone ke kAraNa yaha gatitrasa hai, kintu gatilabdhiyukta nahIM hai, ataH sthAvara hai| yaha nayA vargIkaraNa bana gyaa| vAyu trasa bhI hai aura sthAvara bhI hai| bAda kI paramparA meM, sthAnAMga sUtra meM, agni aura vAyu-donoM ko trasa mAnA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI vAyu ko trasa mAnA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM agni ko trasa kI koTi meM nahIM ginA, kintu vAyu ko hI trasa mAnA hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki agni kI jo Urdhvagati hotI hai, tiryag gati hotI hai vaha vAyu ke kAraNa hotI hai| vAyu kI gati svataH hai, vaha kisI ke dvArA prerita nahIM hai| vaisI gati agni kI nahIM hai / ataH vAyu ko hI trasa mAnA gyaa| agni ke bAda vanaspati kA nirUpaNa hai| yaha sambhava hai ki ahiMsA ke sandarbha meM cauthA jIva-nikAya vanaspati hai| yaha bahuta bar3A jagat hai| anAdi jagat hai, jIvoM kA akSaya koSa hai| ise bhI dIrghaloka kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yaha jIvoM kA akSaya koSa hai| samUce jIvoM kA vikAsa vanaspati se hI sambhava huA hai| jo jIva mukta hotA hai, usakI pUrti vanaspati se hotI hai| yaha kabhI khAlI nahIM hotaa| aise jIva bhI vanaspati meM prApta hote haiM jo vanaspati ko chor3akara kabhI bAhara nahIM aae| ve avyavahAra rAzi ke jIva haiM / unakA vikAsa kabhI nahIM huaa| (AcArAMga ke AdhAra para-tIsarA pravacana-lADanUM 14-12-77) jijJAsA : samAdhAna prazna : jIvana kI kucha anivArya AvazyakatAeM hotI haiN| jaise pAnI, vAyu aadi| kyA pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko bhI inakI AvazyakatA hai ? kyA inake binA ve jIvita raha sakate haiM ? uttara : jaise manuSya kI AvazyakatAeM haiM, vaise hI una jIvoM kI bhI AvazyakatAeM haiN| kintu zvAsa kI AvazyakatA saba jIvoM meM hai| pRthvI meM bhI AnApAna hai| AnApAna ke binA koI jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| jitane bhI jIva-nikAya haiM, una sabako vAyu kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vAyu ko bhI AnApAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| prazna : isakA artha yaha huA ki candramA para vAyukAya nahIM hai, ataH vahAM kA pRthvIkAya acitta hai ?

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12 manana aura mUlyAMkana uttara : vahAM sthUla vAyu nahIM hai, kintu sUkSma vAyu hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ima jo zvAsa lete haiM vaha vAstavika vAyu nahIM hai, aupacArika hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM isakI bahuta spaSTa carcA hai| vahAM prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki hama vAyukAya kA zvAsa lete haiM, para vAyukAya kisakA zvAsa legA? phira dUsarA vAyukAya kisakA zvAsa legA? yahAM anavasthA doSa A jaaegaa| isake uttara meM kahA gayA--hama jo zvAsa lete haiM vaha vAyukAya sajIva nahIM hai, kintu sUkSma pudgala haiM / ve vAyu kI taraha sUkSma haiN| upacAra se una sUkSma pudgaloM ko vAyu kaha diyA gyaa| chahoM jIva-nikAya zvAsa lete haiM, AnApAna lete haiN| isakA sphuTa varNana vahAM prastuta hai| ___ sAta pRthviyAM haiN| AThavIM pRthvI hai-siddha zilA / AThoM pRthviyoM meM jIva haiN| sUkSma jIva sarvatra vyApta hai| sthUla jIva isa loka ke eka bhAga meM haiM, sarvatra nhiiN| aise sthAna bhI ho sakate haiM, jahAM prANavAyu na ho, zvAsa ke lie upayukta vAyu na ho| vahAM sthUla jIva nahIM ho sakate, phira cAhe vaha pRthvI ho yA candraloka ho| candraloka yA dUsare vimAnoM kA jo varNana prApta hai ve saba sacitta pRthvI ke bane hue haiN| kucha pRthvIkAyika nirjIva bhI hote haiN| jo vaimAnika devoM ke vimAna haiM, vahAM jo vRkSa aura parvata haiM, ve sAre nirjIva haiN| ve vRkSa bhI pRthvIkAyika haiM, miTTI ke bane kueM haiN| taijasakAya bhI donoM prakAra kA hai--sacitta taijasakAya aura acitta taijasakAya / pAMcoM hI sthAvara sacitta aura acitta donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| ve mizra bhI hote haiN| mAna leM ki pRthvI kA koI khaNDa hai, sahaja hI ve jIva vahAM se cyuta ho sakate haiM, apanI mauta mara sakate haiM / aisA bhI hotA hai ki pRthvI hai, lekina vahAM jIva utpanna na ho| kevala paramANu ekatrita ho jaaeN| aise hI pAnI bhI sacitta aura acitta donoM hotA hai| eka tAlAba pAnI se bharA huA hai| saba jIva vahAM se cyuta ho gae to vaha acitta ho jAtA hai| jIvoM ke cyuta hone para bhI acitta ho jAtA hai tathA jIva paidA na hoM to bhI acitta ho jAtA hai / nArakIya agni acitta hotI hai| jo guNa sacitta agni meM hote haiM, ve hI guNa acitta agni meM bhI hote haiN| prazna : sacitta aura acitta kI pahacAna kaise ho sakatI hai ? uttara : pahacAna kI bAta bahuta sUkSma hai| pratyakSajJAnI ise spaSTa pahacAna letA hai| tarka ke dvArA yaha jAnanA sambhava nahIM hai ki yaha sacitta hai yA acitta / eka prasaMga hai- bhagavAn mahAvIra sindhu sauvIra deza ko jA rahe the| sAtha meM saikar3oM zramaNa the| rAste meM pAnI kA abhAva thaa| aneka muni pAnI ke abhAva meM kAlakavalita ho ge| rAste meM eka jalAzaya aayaa| pAnI acitta thA, nirjIva thaa| pAnI pIne kA prasaMga aayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anumati nahIM dii| ve pratyakSajJAnI the| ve to jAnate the ki pUrA tAlAba acitta hai| para alpajJAnI kaise jAnate / phira to yahI vyavahAra cala par3atA ki tAlAba kA pAnI pIyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi saba

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AcAra kA pahalA sUtra 23 jIvoM ke AbhAmaNDala hotA hai, kintu ise jAnanA tarka kA viSaya nahIM hai / yaha atIndriya jJAna yA sUkSma yantroM ke dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha buddhi ke stara para nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| jo jIva jitane sUkSma hote haiM, unakA AbhA-maNDala bhI utanA hI sUkSma hotA hai / use jAnane ke do hI sAdhana haiM 1. atIndriya jJAna (sAdhanA dvArA upalabdha jJAna) / 2. yantroM ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA atIndriya jJAna / jAnane kA mAdhyama atIndrita jJAna hI hogaa| yaha jJAna indriya aura mana kI paridhi meM nahIM AtA, ataH tarka kA viSaya nahIM banatA / tarka vahIM hotA hai jahAM hama koI vyApti banAte haiM aura vaha vyApti indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa ho / prAcInakAla sAdhanA dvArA labdhajJAna se ina sUkSma jIvoM ke AbhAmaNDala kA sAkSAt kiyA jAtA thA aura Aja sUkSma yantroM ke dvArA usakA sAkSAt kiyA jAtA hai /

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4. ahiMsA aura anekAnta AcAra kA pahalA aMga hai-anaarNbh| yaha hiMsAtmaka prabRtti kA niSedha hai| usa samaya kucha muni pravajita hokara bhI AraMbha-hiMsA karate the| sUtrakAra kahate haiM-AraMbhamANA viNayaM vayaMti 1-171-AraMbha bhI karate haiM aura vinaya kI bAta bhI karate haiN| usa samaya vinaya zabda AcAra-vyavasthA ke artha meM bahuta pracalita thaa| anyAnya paraMparAoM meM bhI samUcI AcAra-vyavasthA isa eka zabda ke dvArA abhihita hotI thii| ve muni AraMbha bhI karate aura vinaya (AcAra-vyavasthA) kI bhI bAta krte| ye donoM virodhI bAteM haiN| anAraMbha vyakti vinaya kI bAta kahatA hai to vaha usake anurUpa hai| AraMbha karane vAlA vyakti AcAra kI bAta kahatA hai to vaha eka viDaMbanA mAtra hai| AcAravAn vyakti AcAra kI bAta kahatA hai to usakA prabhAva hotA hai, kintu AcArazUnya vyakti yadi AcAra kI bAta kahatA hai to usakA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM hotA, balki usake kathana se vaha AcAra bhI hAsyAspada bana jAtA hai| ___ AcAra kA mUla AdhAra hai-anAraMbha / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI samUcI sAdhanApaddhati meM do bAtoM para bahuta bala diyA gyaa| unhoMne kahA, "sAdhaka ke lie anAraMbha aura aparigraha bahuta Avazyaka haiN| sAdhaka kI yaha anivArya AvazyakatA hai ki vaha anAraMbhI ho, aparigrahI ho|" sthAnAMga sUtra kA abhimata hai ki vyakti do kAraNoM se saMbodhi ko prApta nahIM hotA-AraMbheNa pariggaheNa-AraMbha se aura parigraha se| ina do kAraNoM se vyakti viziSTa jJAna ko prApta nahIM hotaa| jitanI AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyAM haiM ve usa vyakti ko prApta hotI haiM jo AraMbha aura parigraha se mukta hai / jo AraMbha aura parigraha meM Asakta hai vaha kabhI ina upalabdhiyoM ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| ye do sAdhanA ke vidhna haiN| ___jo AraMbha karegA vaha Asakta hogaa| yaha Asakti dUsarI AsaktiyoM ko bhI paidA karatI hai| Asakti kA mUla hai--pravRtti / jaise-jaise pravRtti bar3hegI Asakti bhI usI anupAta meM bar3hatI jaaegii| kucheka kahate haiM hama anAsakta bhI rahate haiM aura pravRtti bhI karate haiN| yaha kathana zruti-madhura avazya hai, para hai asaMbhava / pravRtti kA

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ahiMsA aura anekAnta 25 kA jAla bichatA jAe aura vyakti anAsakta bhI rahe, yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM lgtaa| koI virala vyakti hI ise sAdha pAtA hai| yaha sarva sAmAnya sAdhanA nahIM ho sktii| sAmAnya bAta yaha ho sakatI hai ki yadi vyakti anAraMbhI hogA to vaha anAsakta ho skegaa| AraMbhI vyakti anAsakta nahIM ho sktaa| AraMbha meM anAsakta yoga kA honA bahuta kaThina hai| makkhana agni se dUra rahatA hai taba taka vaha makkhana kA rUpa banAe rakha sakatA hai| agni para use tapAyA jAe aura vaha na pighale, yaha asaMbhava kArya hai| Aga para rakhane para bhI vaha na pighale to mAnanA cAhie ki Aga Aga nahIM hai aura makkhana makkhana nahIM hai| ahiMsA ke viSaya meM bhI yahI bAta lAgU hotI hai| anAraMbha avasthA meM anAsakti kI bAta samajha meM A jAtI hai aura sAdhanA kI prakriyA bhI usase prasphuTita hotI hai| kintu AraMbha karatA jAe aura vyakti anAsakta bhI rahe yA usakI anAsakti bar3hatI jAe, yaha utanI hI durlabha bAta hai jitanI ki makkhana Aga para rakhA jAe, para pighale nhiiN| __manuSya kI eka vRtti hai-chaMdovaNIyA ajjhovavaNNA (1-172) / vaha icchA ke vazIbhUta hokara calatA hai| pravRtti kA mUla hai--icchA / usameM icchA paidA hotI hai| icchA ke kucha hetu haiM, saMskAra haiM, kucha zArIrika apekSAeM haiN| hamArA samUcA zarIra-taMtra saMcAlita hotA hai adhyavasAya aura sUkSma mana se| hama socate haiM ki hama mana se saMcAlita hote haiN| yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai / mana svayaM dUsaroM se saMcAlita hotA hai| prANa-zakti se tIna taMtra saMcAlita hote haiM- zarIrataMtra, vAktaMtra aura mAnasataMtra / ye tInoM acetana haiN| kintu jaba ye prANa-zakti se saMyukta hote haiM taba sacetana bana jAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki inameM prANa ke mAdhyama se cetanA kA avataraNa hotA hai| prANa-zakti kA yoga milate hI zarIra bhI sacetana, vAk bhI sacetana aura mana bhI sacetana ho jAtA hai| prANazakti saMcAlita hotI hai taijasa-zarIra se aura taijasa-zarIra kA saMbaMdha jur3atA hai sUkSma-zarIra se--karma zarIra se| isakA phalita yaha huA ki cetanA sUkSma-zarIra ke stara para kAma karatI hai / adhyavasAya aura sUkSma mana usI stara para kAma karate haiN| unase hI sAre taMtra saMcAlita hote haiN| kintu hameM lagatA hai ki sthUla mana hI inakA saMcAlaka hai| vaha saMcAlaka nahIM hai, vaha to svayaM saMcAlita hone vAloM meM se hai| sArA saMcAlita hotA hai karma-zarIra kI cetanA se| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla saMcAlaka hai- avacetana mn| manuSya aneka avasaroM para isa antavirodha kA anubhava karatA hai ki mana kucha cAhatA hai, para vaisA hotA nahIM, kyoMki sUkSma mana vaisA nahIM caahtaa| hama bahuta bAra mana ke na cAhane para bhI anyathA kAma kara lete haiN| hamArI kriyA meM yaha jo antavirodha yA asaMgati AtI hai usakA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki sthUla mana cAhe yA na cAhe, bhAvanAtmaka mana yadi vaisA cAhatA hai to vaha kAma ho jaaegaa| jaba

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26 manana aura mUlyAMkana taka saMkalpa sthUla-mana ke stara taka hI rahatA hai taba taka vaha sthAyI nahIM hotA / jaba vaha bhAvanA ke stara para utara jAtA hai taba vaha sthAyI bana jAtA hai / jaba saMkalpa sUkSma-mana ke stara para, sUkSma zarIra ke stara para calA jAtA hai taba vaha cetanA kI pakar3a meM A jAtA hai / usa para vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai / sthUla-mana ke stara para saMkalpa bhI vizvasanIya nahIM hotA aura icchA bhI vizvasanIya nahIM hotI / vaha pUrI ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI / AvazyakatA hai ki hama sAdhanA jo sujhAva dete haiM ve vahAM taka pahuMcane cAhie jahAM se saba kucha saMcAlita ho rahA hai / yadi vahAM nahIM pahuMcate hai to kucha bhI ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA / ---- chaMdovaNIyA -- manuSya apane chaMda se saMcAlita ho rahA hai / chaMda kA artha haiAntarika saMskAra / yahI avirati hai, avirati kA mUla hai| jahAM icchA kA mUla hai, vahAM se sArA saMcAlita ho rahA hai| jaba icchA se saMcAlita haiM, pUrvakRta saMskAroM aura vAsanAoM se saMcAlita haiM, bhAvanA ke stara para saMcAlita haiM taba ajjhovavaNNAvahAM se Asakti AtI hai, Asakti kA saMbaMdha jur3A huA rahatA hai| jahAM icchA hai, avirati hai vahAM Asakti hai | sthUla artha meM hama kaha dete haiM - yaha kAma maiM nirmala mana se kara rahA hUM, isameM merA koI svArtha nahIM hai, merI koI Asakti nahIM hai | yaha kAma niHsvArtha bhAva se kevala karttavya nibhAne ke lie kara rahA hUM ' parantu nirmalatA aura niHsvArtha bhAva ko pahacAna pAnA yA pakar3a pAnA itanA sarala nahIM hai / unheM pahacAnanA kaThina karma hai / kabhI-kabhI loga kaha dete haiM ki hama yaha kAma antarAtmA kI AvAja se karate haiM / vAstava meM jo antarAtmA kI AvAja se kiyA jAtA hai vaha kabhI galata nahIM hotA, vaha sahI hI hogA / vaha dharma kA kArya hogA, adharma kA nahIM / paraMtu sabase bar3I kaThinAI hai ki antarAtmA kI AvAja kise kahA jAe ? usakI pahacAna kyA hai ? loga antarAtmA kI AvAja ke AdhAra para saMgharSa bhI kara lete haiM, saMghaTanoM ko tor3a DAlate haiM, aura bhI aisI hI harakateM kara DAlate haiN| kyA antarAtmA kI AvAja se ye adharma kArya saMbhava haiM ? kyA antarAtmA inako AjJA de sakatI hai ? antarAtmA kI AvAja - yaha bhrama hai | antarAtmA ke AvAja kI bAta eka vItarAgI kaha sakatA hai / vaha vyakti kaha sakatA hai jo nirmala hai, jisake sAre mala naSTa ho gae haiN| usake antar se jo AvAja uThegI, vaha sadA sat hogI, asat nahIM, acchI hogI, burI nahIM / vaha vyakti antarAtmA kI AvAja kA dAvA kara sakatA hai| hara koI vyakti kahe ki yaha merI antarAtmA kI AvAja hai to vaha dhokhA hai, bhrama hai| hara vyakti kI anta / kyoMki antarAtmA rAtmA kI AvAja acchI hI hotI hai yaha niyAmakatA nahIM hai meM kaSAya bhI haiM, doSa bhI haiM, mala bhI haiM, bure saMskAra bhI haiM / kaSAya bhI AdhyAtmika haiM, kyoMki ve bhItara meM hote haiM / bhItara meM hone mAtra se koI acchA nahIM ho jAtA / bhItara meM acchAiyAM haiM to burAiyAM bhI haiN| acche saMskAra haiM to bure saMskAra

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ahiMsA aura anekAnta bhI haiM / AdhyAtmika kA artha kevala acchA hI nahIM hai / isakA mUla artha hai - bhItara meM honA / bhItara meM acchA bhI ho sakatA hai aura burA bhI ho sakatA hai / jaise guNa AdhyAtmika hote haiM, vaise hI doSa bhI AdhyAtmika hote haiM / jaise sukha AdhyAtmika hotA hai, vaise hI duHkha bhI AdhyAtmika hotA hai / sAMkhya darzana meM AdhyAtmika tApa kA sundara varNana hai / jo vyakti kaSAyamukta hai, rAga-dveSa ke jAla se chUTa cukA hai, usakA AdhyAtmika acchA hI hogA, nirmala hogaa| jisakA kaSAya avaziSTa hai, usakA AdhyAtmika acchA hI hotA hai, yaha niyAmakatA nahIM aatii| chaMdovaNIyA ajjhovavaNNA - icchA bhItara se jAgatI hai aura AdamI Asakta bana jAtA hai| AraMbha ( pravRtti ) meM Asakta hotA hai aura phira nayI Asakti ko janma detA hai / yaha eka cakra bana jAtA hai / icchA se Asakti, Asakti se AraMbha aura AraMbha se phira icchA / yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai| yaha cakra sAre saMsAra kA mUla hai| bhagavAn bhahAvIra ne isa cakra ko tor3ane kA upAya btaayaa| unhoMne kahAsevamaM savvasamannAgaya-pannANeNaM appANeNaM akaraNijjaM pAvaM kammaM (1-174) sant tor3ane ke lie pUrI prajJA kA upayoga karo, pApa karma mata karo, anAraMbha ho / sabase pahalA sUtra hai --- AraMbha mata karo, anAraMbha rho| kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata karo, ahiMsaka rho| unhoMne pravRtti kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai / yaha bAta vyavahAra se kucha dUra jA par3atI hai / 'savvaM pAvaM akaraNIyaM' - yadi sAre pApa akaraNIya haiM taba to saMsAra calegA hI nhiiN| kyoMki sabase pahale zarIra kA prazna hai| aura apane lie bhojana kA prazna hai / aura sArI bAtoM ko chor3a deM / zarIra-dhAraNa ke lie bhojana aura bhojana ke lie AraMbha / 'sarvArambhAstandulaprasthamUlA:'manuSya kI sArI pravRtti sera bhara cAvala ke lie hotI hai yA yoM kaheM ki usakI pravRtti roTI ke lie hotI hai / pravRtti kA mUlasrota hai - bhUkha / yaha saba prANiyoM meM hai to phira anAraMbha yA apravRtti kI bAta saMgata nahIM lagatI / eka ora samUcA vyavahAra aura eka ora anAraMbha / eka ora pravRtti aura eka ora apravRtti / donoM paraspara virodhI / anAraMbha kI bAta kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? ahiMsA kA upadeza asaMbhava kA upadeza jaisA lagatA hai / isa asaMbhAvyatA yA virodha ke kAraNa hI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta vyApaka banA / yadi yaha virodha nahIM AtA to ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa itanA vistRta nahIM hotA / yaha saMkSipta ho jaataa| bAta to itanI-sI thI ki anAraMbha raho, kisI ko mata maaro| kintu yaha sAre jIvana kA siddhAnta bana gyaa| jIvana to cAhatA hai pravRtti, kyoMki samUcA jIvana-dhAraNa pravRtti para nirbhara hai / aura yaha anAraMbha kI bAta bilkula nivRtti kI bAta hai / ahiMsA nivRtti cAhatI hai| eka ora sasUce saMsAra kA prazna hai jIvana-dhAraNa aura dUsarI ora hai. 27

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28 manana aura mUlyAMkana ahiMsA kA prsht| donoM kI do bhinna dizAeM haiN| donoM meM saMgati kaise ho ? isa prazna para hI samUcA vistAra huA hai| pUrNa hiMsA-deza hiMsA, artha hiMsA-anartha hiMsA, AraMbhajA hiMsA-virodhajA hiMsA, saMkalpajA hiMsA-ye sAre bheda usa prazna ke samAdhAna meM kiye ge| pahalA vikalpa hai--pUrNa hiMsA-deza hiNsaa| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie yaha anivArya hai ki kisI kA bhI Arambha mata kro| yaha dhruva siddhAMta hai aura meru kI taraha madhya meM sthita hai| isameM koI antara nahIM aaegaa| isameM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA jaaegaa| dhruva meM kabhI parivartana nahIM hotaa| yaha dharma dhuve niyae sAsae-dhruva hai, niyata hai, zAzvata hai| vyavahAra TUTatA ho to TUTe, virodha AtA ho to Ae, siddhAnta yahI rhegaa| phira prazna huA ki vyavahAra kaise calegA? vyavahAra ke lie zakyatA yA azakyatA para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu ahiMsA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vyavahAra kA artha haiazakyatA / anAraMbha rahakara koI bhI vyakti jIvana nahIM calA sktaa| yaha azakyatA hai| zakyatA kI dRSTi se vicAra karo, na ki ahiMsA kI dRSTi se| ciMtanIya viSaya badala jAtA hai aura socane kI bAta dUsarI ho jAtI haiN| hamAre jIvana kI azakyatA hai ki Arambha kie binA jIvana ko dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hiMsA yA Arambha nahIM karanA--yaha siddhAnta hai kintu jahAM azakyatA kA prazna hotA hai, usako to karanA hI par3atA hai| yahAM nivRtti ke sAtha pravRtti kA sUtra jur3a gayA / eka setu bana gyaa| eka samajhautA ho gyaa| vaha bhI kAma claauu| hiMsA hiMsA hai, kintu vaha karanI par3egI, kyoMki usake binA jIvana calatA nhiiN| jaba yaha svIkRta ho gayA ki azakya koTi kI hiMsA karanI par3egI to phira kahA gayA ki muni ko to hiMsA karanI hI nahIM caahie| use 'parijJAtakarmA' honA caahie| yaha kaise hogA? yaha mAna liyA gayA ki gRhastha ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| vaha ahiMsA ko kendra meM rakhakara bhI azakya koTi kI hiMsA se baca nahIM sakegA, vaha kregaa| kintu muni usa azakya koTi kI hiMsA ko kaise karegA? jaba vyakti muni bana jAtA hai taba sAmAjika jIvana se usakI mukti mAna lI jAtI hai| usakA nayA janma ho jAtA hai| usake lie jIva-hiMsA se mukta honA bahuta jarUrI hai| jo jIvanaiSaNA hai, zarIra-dhAraNa kI anivAryatA hai usase bhI use mukta honA pdd'egaa| muni kI sAmAjika jIvana se mukti hotI hai, isakA artha hI hai ki jIva-hiMsA se usakI mukti hotI hai| jIviyaM nAvakaMkhe---yaha muni jIvana kI pahalI zarta hai| muni jIvana kI AkAMkSA na kre| 'maraNadhAra sudha maga lahyo' - AcArya bhikSu ne maranA svIkAra kara mokSamArga para calane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| muni banane kA artha hI hai-mRtyu ko svIkAra kara calanA, jIne kI AkAMkSA ko nAmazeSa kara denaa| ahiMsA se zarIra Tike to Tike, anyathA mere lie matyu

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ahiMsA aura anekAnta 26 varaNIya hai, svIkArya hai / isakA artha hai muni bananA / anyathA munitva prApta hI nahIM hotaa| isa sthiti meM jIvana-dhAraNa ke lie azakya koTi kI hiMsA bhI kabhI mAnya nahIM ho sktii| dUsare saMdarbha meM azakya koTi kI hiMsA muni ko mAnya ho sakatI hai, jIvana-dhAraNa ke saMdarbha meM nahIM / vaha saMdarbha yaha hai / sArA saMsAra jIvAkula hai / ananta ananta jIva haiM / sUkSma sthUla, trasa -sthAvara - sabhI prakAra ke jIva bhare par3e haiM / eka aNumAtra bhI aisA sthAna nahIM hai jahAM jIva kA astitva na ho / AkAza Math pradeza bhI jIvamukta nahIM hai| ananta jIva haiM / usa sthiti meM muni zvAsa letA hai, calatA-phiratA hai, uThatA baiThatA hai, sotA-jAgatA hai, saba kucha vaha karatA hai taba kyA yaha saMbhava hai ki usase kisI jIva kI hiMsA na ho ? usake zarIra ke yoga se koI jIvana mare, kyA yaha saMbhava hai ? nahIM, yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / usake pramAda se bhI jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai aura apramAda avasthA meM bhI jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai / koI jIva Upara se usake zarIra para girakara mara sakatA hai / koI jIva usake pairoM ke nIce Akara mara sakatA hai / jAne-anajAne bhI mara sakatA hai| to phira ahiMsA kA sarvapAlana kaise hogA ? usa sthiti meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki azakya koTi kI hiMsA muni se bhI ho jAtI hai / vaha hiMsA karatA nahIM, kintu vaha ho jAtI hai / yaha zarIra kI anivAryatA hai, isafare ho jAtI hai / kintu muni zarIra dhAraNa ke lie usa hiMsA kA AzrayaNa nahIM le sakatA / isameM itanA antara A gyaa| eka muni bhUkhA hai| roTI prApta nahIM ho rahI hai, phira bhI vaha roTI nahIM pakAegA, Arambha nahIM karegA / vaha anArambha rahegA / zarIra calA jAe to jAe, vaha isa hetu se Arambha nahIM kregaa| muni ke lie ye donoM bAteM bahuta spaSTa haiM ki bhojana ke lie azakya koTi kI hiMsA kA sarvathA niSedha hai / vaha kabhI nahIM kara sakatA / kintu usakA zarIra hai, usake yoga se kabhI hiMsA ho bhI jAtI hai / sAmAjika prANI jo ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai usake lie yahI bAta prApta hai ki vaha zAkya koTi kI hiMsA ko chor3e yAnI anartha hiMsA ko chor3a de / kintu jo usake lie azakya hai, bhojana pakAnA Adi, vaha nahIM chor3a sktaa| makAna banAnA vaha chor3a nahIM sakatA / kapar3e bunanA, khetI karanA vaha chor3a nahIM sktaa| jo artha hiMsA hai, Avazyaka hiMsA hai usako vaha karatA hai kintu anAvazyaka hiMsA - anartha hiMsA ko nahIM karatA / yaha usakI sImA hai / isa AdhAra para anagAradharma aura AgAradharma kA vikAsa huaa| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArAMga sUtra meM kevala munidharma kA hI pratipAdana hai, kevala ahiMsA kA hI varNana hai| gRhastha ke dharma kA varNana nahIM hai / gRhastha ko pramatta batalAyA hai aura gRhavAsa kI nindA hI kI hai / kucha aMzoM meM yaha satya ho sakatA hai / kintu yadi hama thor3e gahare meM jAeM to yaha prazna AtA hai ki jaba pUrNa anAraMbha yA pUrNa ahiMsA kI bAta kahI hai, jahAM pUrNa ahiMsA kI bAta hai to kyA gahastha ke

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30 manana aura mUlyAMkana lie ahiMsA kA koI avakAza hI nahIM hai ? gRhasthI meM rahatA huA gRhastha kyA sadA hiMsA hI karatA rahegA? kyA vaha ahiMsA kA kucha bhI AcaraNa nahIM kara sakatA? mahAvIra kA yaha ekAMgI dRSTikoNa nahIM ho sktaa| anArambha kA pratipAdana AcArAMga meM huA hai, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki mahAvIra ne gRhastha ke dharma kA pratipAdana nahIM kilaa| yadyapi AcArAMga meM spaSTataH gRhastha-dharma kA pratipAdana nahIM hai, isase yaha kaise mAna liyA jAe ki yaha paramparA uttara-kAlIna hai, bAda meM vikasita huI hai| yadi yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jAe to ahiMsA kA rUpa ekAMgI ho jAegA aura yaha bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA ki gRhastha ke lie ahiMsA kA koI vidhAna ho hI nahIM sktaa| ___'aralI jainijma' ke lekhaka dIkSita ne AcArAMga ke AdhAra para yaha sthApanA kI hai--gRhastha kA dharma uttarakAlIna paramparA se prApta hai| AcArAMga meM gRhavAsa kI niMdA-hI-niMdA kI gaI hai| yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe to gRhastha ke lie ahiMsA kI bAta prApta hI nahIM ho sakatI aura jo yaha spaSTa niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha bhI nahIM nikAlA jA skegaa| eka antarvirodha bhI AtA hai| eka ora pUrNa anAraMbha kI bAta hai to dUsarI ora jIvana kA vyavahAra hai| anAraMbha kI bAta kevala muni ke lie hI hai, gRhastha ke lie nahIM to phira virodha kI bAta bhI nahIM A sktii| kyoMki muni to usa bAta ko svIkAra karake hI calatA hai| ina sAre tathyoM ke AdhAra para, zastra-parijJA adhyayana ko hama isa saMdarbha meM dekheM ki anAraMbha ahiMsA kA zuddha rUpa hai aura vaha sAdhanA ke kendra meM hai| usakI 'paridhi meM jo sAre vikAsa hue haiM, ve vikAsa anAraMbha kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie hI hue haiM, usakI vyAkhyA se bhinna nahIM haiN| ve anAraMbha kI paridhi meM hI haiM, usase bAhara nahIM haiN| yadi ina tathyoM ko ThIka samajha leM to usa prakAra kI kalpanA karane kA koI avakAza hI nahIM aataa| (AcArAMga ke AdhAra para-cauthA pravacana-lADanUM 16-12-77)

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5.mAtma-tulA aura mAnasika hiMsA pahale adhyayana meM aprANAtipAta kA nirUpaNa hai| yaha ahiMsA kA mUla AdhAra rahA hai / jIva vadha na ho, sarvathA apraannaatipaat| isakA sarvAMgINa vivecana prApta hai| prazna yaha hotA hai ki kyA aprANAtipAta hI ahiMsA hai ? prastuta adhyayana meM mAnasika ahiMsA kI koI carcA nahIM hai| vyAvahArika ahiMsA kA bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai| inakA pratipAdana kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA? yadi gaharAI se hama soceM to yaha spaSTa pratIta hogA ki jahAM sarvathA anAraMbha kA pratipAdana hai vahAM ina praznoM ko avakAza hI nahIM rhtaa| hiMsA ke mUla meM dveSa kI vRtti kAma karatI hai| Atmaupamya kA jitanA abhAva hotA hai, utanI hI hiMsA hotI hai| prastuta adhyayana (zastra-parijJA) meM Atma-tulA para sArA bhAra diyA gayA hai / jaba Atma-tulA kI cetanA jAga jAtI hai taba anyAnya bAteM svataH nirasta ho jAtI haiN| Atma-tulA kA vikAsa hone para kisI ke prati mAnasika duzcintana, anyAya, aprAmANika vyavahAra, aniSTa bhAvanA-ye nahIM A skte| Atma-tulA ke abhAva meM ye sAre panapate haiN| eka prasthApanA yaha hai-Atma-tulA kA vikAsa kro| prANImAtra ke prati AtmAnubhUti, Atmaupamya kA anubhava kro| jaba tAdAtmya kA anubhava hogA taba mAnasika aura vyAvahArika hiMsAeM apane Apa samApta ho jaaeNgii| kyoMki jaba tAdAtmya kI anubhUti nahIM hotI taba mAnasika aura vyAvahArika hiMsA ko panapane kA avasara milatA hai| jo vyakti zikhara ko chU letA hai, usake lie talahaTI ko chune kI bAta zeSa nahIM rhtii| isa dRSTi se hI samUce adhyayana meM Atma-tulA ke vikAsa para bala diyA gayA hai| Atma-tulA kA anubhava karo aura prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha ko samajho-yahI isakA niSkarSa hai-eyaM tulamaNNesi (1-148) sarvesi pANANaM savesi bhUyANaM sarvasi jIvANaM sarvasi sattANaM assAyaM apariNivvANaM mahanbhayaM dukkhaM ti bemi // (1-122) yaha ahiMsA kA mAnadaMDa hai, kasauTI hai| assAyaM aparinivvANaM mahanbhayaM dukkhaMuna saba jIvoM ke lie jo aparinirvANa hai, azAMti hai, vaha kisI ko priya nahIM

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32 manana aura mUlyAMkana hai| una jIvoM ko cAhe gAlI dekara, tAr3anA-tarjanA dekara yA unake prati duzcintA karake azAMti paidA kI jAe, vaha aparinirvANa hai, vaha mahAn bhaya hai, vaha mahAn duHkha hai / vaha kisIko priya nahIM hai| NijjhAittA paDilehittA patteyaM pariNivvANaM (1-121)--pahale pratyeka prANI ke parinirvANa ko dekho| isa bAta kI samIkSA karo ki pratyeka prANI parinirvANa ko cAhatA hai, isalie parinirvANa ko smjho| aparinirvANa utpanna mata kro| isa eka vAkya meM ahiMsA kA pUrA siddhAMta bhita hai| isakA pUrA vivaraNa yahAM prApta hotA hai| ____ eka prazna hai ki AcAra ke granthoM para dRSTipAta karane se aisA lagatA hai ki eka yuga meM jo kArya prAyazcittAha mAne gae ve dUsare yuga meM anumata ho gae aura unake lie prAyazcitta Avazyaka nahIM raha gyaa| to kyA eka yuga meM jo pravRtti hiMsAtmaka mAnI gaI, vaha dUsare yuga meM ahiMsAtmaka bana gaI ? ahiMsA mUla AcAra hai| AcAra kA dUsarA aMga hai---aparigraha / AcArAMga kA dUsarA adhyayana 'lokavijaya' isI amamatva aura aparigraha ke sUtra se prAraMbha hotA hai| usameM mamatva ke doSoM aura amamatva kI sAdhanA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| AcAra kI vyavasthAeM uttarakAla meM vyavasthita aura vikasita hotI giiN| ve sArI kevala ahiMsA ke AdhAra para nahIM kintu ahiMsA aura aparigraha tathA unake antargabhiMta asteya Adi ke AdhAra para huI haiN| ina sAre adhyAtma ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para AcAra kI vyavasthA kA vikAsa huA hai / aba kasauTI yaha karanI hogI ki uttarakAla meM jo niyama banate gae ve niyama kyA mahAvIra kI bhAvanA aura mahAvIra ke siddhAMta haiM ? unake anurUpa haiM yA unakA atikramaNa karane vAle haiM ? ahiMsA kI dRSTi se bhI kasauTI AcArAMga hI hogA aura aparigraha kI dRSTi se bhI kasauTI AcArAMga hI hogaa| sAtha-sAtha hama sUtrakRtAMga ko bhI kasauTI ke rUpa meM mAnya kara sakate haiN| ina do AgAmoM ke AdhAra para hI yaha nirNaya karanA hogA ki ye niyama mUla bhAvanA se saMbaMdhita haiM aura ye niyama mUla bhAvanA se dUra haiM / yaha pUrA eka aitihAsika vizleSaNa hogaa| hama isa saMdarbha meM eka udAharaNa leM pustaka rakhane kA / eka samaya taka yaha niyama thA ki muni pustaka nahIM rakha sktaa| usakA hetu yahI diyA gayA ki pustaka rakhane se jIva-virAdhanA hotI hai aura yaha parigraha bhI hai| hiMsA aura parigrahaye donoM dRSTiyAM thIM isake niSedha ke piiche| AcArAMga sUtra meM jo upakaraNa batalAe haiM- vastra, pAtra, kaMvala Adi, unameM pustaka kA ullekha nahIM hai aura vastroM kI bhI eka sImita sthApanA hai| muni sardI meM kucha vastra rakhe aura hemanta ke atikrAnta hone para unakA pariSThApana kara de| eka sImita vyavasthA thii| pustakeM na rakhane kI vyavasthA cala rahI thI hiMsA aura parigraha ke AdhAra para / phira yaha pratIta haA ki jo jJAna kaMThagata hai vaha dhIre-dhIre vismata ho rahA hai,

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Atma-tulA aura mAnasika ahiMsA 33 1 1 vilupta ho rahA hai aura yadi use lipibaddha na kiyA gayA to sArI jJAnarAzi vilupta ho jAegI / usa sthiti meM aneka zrutadhara muni ekatrita hue aura yaha vyavasthA dI ki pustakeM likhI jA sakatI haiM, rakhI jA sakatI haiN| usase pUrva yaha vidhAna thA ki muni yadi eka akSara bhI likhatA hai to use caturlaghu prAyazcitta prApta hotA hai / nayA vidhAna kiyA gayA ki muni likha sakatA hai, pustakeM rakha sakatA hai / do bAteM ho giiN| eka vidhAna thA pustakeM na likhane aura na rakhane kA aura dUsarA vidhAna banA pustakeM likhane aura rakhane kA / yadi hama isa prazna ko AcArAMga kI kasauTI para kaseMge to yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki yaha AcArAMga kAlIna vyavasthA nahIM hai, mahAvIra kAlIna vyavasthA hai / usa samaya na likhane kI apekSA mAnI jAtI thI aura na grantha rakhe jAte the / jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhanamAtra rakhe jAte the / aneka muni na vastra rakhate the aura na pAtra rakhate the / ve digaMbara aura karapAtrI rahate the / acela aura pANipAtra - yaha vyavasthA thI / svAdhyAya aura dhyAna - yahI jIvana-krama thA / na upadeza aura na lokasaMgraha | jyoM-jyoM saMgha kA vikAsa huA, loka-saMgraha hone lagA, dhyAna aura svAdhyAya hat vRtti meM kamI AyI taba granthoM ke nirmANa kI ora dhyAna gayA / jJAna bar3hA, grantha bar3he / grantha- nirmANa kI paraMparA cala pdd'ii| yaha nayA siddhAMta sthApita ho gayA ki muni graMthoM kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai / aura yaha sthApanA isa tarka ke AdhAra para kI gaI ki jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI vRddhi ke lie yadi likhA jAtA hai to koI Apatti nahIM hai / phira prazna uThA ki eka akSara bhI likhate haiM to usameM hiMsA hotI hai to grantha kA nirmANa kaise kiyA jAe ? isa ke samAdhAna meM kahA gayA ki akSara likhane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, vaha dravya-hiMsA hai, bhAva-hiMsA nahIM hai| muni sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cala rahA hai, phira bhI saMbhava hai ki calate samaya jIva - hiMsA ho jAe, yA muni se TakarAkara koI prANI mara jAe, vaha dravya - hiMsA hai, kyoMki muni meM prANa - viyojana karane kA koI bhAva nahIM hotA aura na vaha muni pramatta hai| vaha sAvadhAnIpUrvakacala rahA hai| muni kevala nimitta banA, isalie vaha dravya - hiMsA hai, bhAva-hiMsA nahIM hai / pustaka likhane ke pariprekSya meM bhI kahA gayA ki hama kevala jJAna kI surakSA ke lie grantha likhate haiM / jIvoM ko mArane kI bhAvanA nahIM hotii| itanA hone para bhI yadi koI jIva mara jAtA hai to vaha dravya -hiMsA hogI, bhAva-hiMsA nahIM hogI ! isa tarka ke AdhAra para grantha-nirmANa aura grantha rakhane kI sthApanA huii| yaha bhI eka nayI sthApanA thI, kyoMki AcArAMga meM dravya - hiMsA aura bhAva-hiMsA kI carcA nahIM hai / uttarakAla ke AgamoM meM yA granthoM meM yaha carcA milatI hai| sArI carcA dravya - hiMsA ko sAmane rakhakara kI gaI hai / dravya - hiMsA aura bhAva - hiMsA kA siddhAMta paristhitiyoM aura samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM sthApita huA / jIvana kA vyavahAra aisA hai ki vaha grantha ( hiMsA) Adi ke binA nahIM cala sakatA aura AcAra-pakSa meM pUrNa ahiMsA ke pAlana kI bAta AtI hai to donoM meM eka TakarAva hotA hai| isa TakarAva ke

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manana aura mUlyAMkana samAdhAna ke rUpa meM dravya hiMsA aura bhAva-hiMsA kI bAta sthApita huI / maiM mAnatA hUM ki yaha uttarakAlIna vikAsa hai| yaha eka prakriyA hai ki sabase pahale sAmAnyarUpa se eka siddhAMta sthApita hotA hai / jaise-jaise samasyAeM AtI haiM, usakI kasauTI hotI jAtI hai / jaise-jaise kasauTI hotI hai vaise-vaise nayI sthApanAeM aura naye AyAma sthApita hote jAte haiM / ahiMsA kA vikAsa bhI samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM huA hai, unake sAthasAtha huA hai| pratyeka samasyA kA samAdhAna samAja ke saMdarbha meM hotA hai / vyakti akelA hotA hai, vahAM saMdarbha kI bAta prApta nahIM hotI / vahAM adhyAtma kI bAta ho sakatI hai, siddhAMta kI nahIM / siddhAMta kI bAta sadA samAja aura samUha ke saMdarbha meM hotI hai, kyoMki samUha meM hI samasyA paidA hotI hai aura usI saMdarbha meM samAdhAna khoje jAte haiM aura unakI sthApanA kI jAtI hai / jaise- do muni sAtha meM rahate haiM / eka muni ne anAcAra kA sevana kara liyaa| dUsarA jAnatA hai / donoM guru ke pAsa Ae / eka ne guru se kahA - "isa muni ne anAcAra kA sevana kiyA hai|" guru usa muni se pUchate haiN| yadi vaha apanA doSa svIkAra kare to guru use prAyazcitta deM aura yadi vaha apanA doSa svIkAra na kare aura kahe - " isa muni ne mere para jhUThA abhiyoga lagAyA hai / maiMne anAcAra kA sevana nahIM kiyA hai / " guru use prAyazcitta nahIM de sakate / koI doSa kI zuddhi cAhe to use prAyazcitta diyA jA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / doSa batAne vAlA muni kahe- maiM isake anAcAra sevana kA pratyakSa sAkSI huuN| maiMne ise doSa kA sevana karate dekhA hai / yaha asvIkAra kara rahA hai| yaha jhUThA hai / " isa sthiti meM guru kyA kareM ? donoM sAdhu haiN| donoM unake ziSya haiN| tIsarA koI nahIM hai / usa sthiti meM guru apane mana se nirNaya leM aura yaha lage ki yaha doSI hai to use samajhAkara prAyazcitta deN| yadi svayaM ko yaha pratIta ho ki yaha nirdoSa hai, to dUsarA muni kitanA hI kahe, use doSI na maaneN| prAyazcitta na deM / donoM muni apanI bAta ko satya batA rahe haiN| eka kahatA hai - " maiM saho kaha rahA huuN|" dUsarA kahatA hai- "maiM sahI kaha rahA huuN|" guru vyavahAra ke AdhAra para nirNaya leNge| jisakA vyavahAra puSTa hogA, nirNaya usake pakSa meM hogA / donoM meM se eka ke pakSa meM nirNaya hogA : satya kA jo mUla niyama hai usakI dRSTi se dekheM to eka ora asatya kA poSaNa huA hI hai| donoM muniyoM meM se eka to asatya hai / kintu satya ke siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa bilkula nirapekSa hotA hai / vahAM kevala satya hI mAnya hogA aura kucha nahIM / kintu jahAM samAja yA samudAya meM samasyA AtI hai, vahAM vyavahAra ko pradhAnatA denI par3atI hai, nizcaya ko gauNa karanA par3atA hai / nizcaya kI dRSTi se pAMca mahAvratoM kA pratipAdana siddhAntataH ThIka hai / kintu jaba vaha siddhAMta vyavahAra meM utarA aura nayI-nayI samasyAeM utpanna huIM taba aneka upajIvI siddhAMta sthApita kiye gae / ise hama eka udAharaNa se samajheM / muni jA rahe haiM / eka gAMva meM phuNce| vahAM Thaharane kA eka hI sthAna hai / mUrti ke lie . 34

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Atma-tulA aura mAnasika ahiMsA 35 vidhAna hai ki muni adatta kucha bhI na le / vastra, pAtra, makAna Adi kI yAcanA kare aura gRhasvAmI kI AjJA se le / avagraha (sthAna) kI yAcanA kare / anumati milane para vahAM rahe aura na milane para na rhe| usa gAMva meM sthAna eka hI hai| AgaMtuka sAdhu-saMnyAsI aneka haiN| pahale jAne vAlA vahAM sthAna ko roka sakatA hai aba use svAmI kI AjJA prApta karanI hai| svAmI kI AjJA lene jAe aura pIche se koI dUsarA Akara Thahara jAe to use kaThinAI ho sakatI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha vidhAna kiyA gayA ki vaha pahale usa sthAna meM Thahara jAe aura pazcAt AjJA le| mUla niyama hai-avagraha (gRhasvAmI kI AjJA) ke binA kisI makAna meM na rhe| kintu jaba yaha niyama vyavahAra meM AyA taba kucha samasyAeM aaii| isameM kucha parivartana aura saMzodhana kara diyA gayA ki pahale Thahara jAo, bAda meM AjJA le lenaa| pahale Thaharane meM koI adatta yA corI kI bhAvanA to hai nahIM, kintu paristhitivaza binA AjJA ThaharanA par3a rahA hai| niyamoM meM jo ye parivartana dRSTigocara hote haiM ve sAmAjika samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM hue haiN| phira bhI yaha dhyAna rakhA gayA ki bhAva-hiMsA na ho| dravya-hiMsA kA siddhAMta isameM vikasita huaa| ise hama dravya-corI kaha sakate hai, kintu bhAvacorI nahIM kaha skte| isa prakAra dravya-hiMsA-bhAva-hiMsA, dravya-asatya-bhAvaasatya, dravya-corI-bhAva-corI-ye yugala bana gae / dravya aura bhAva kA siddhAMta vikasita huA aura isa AdhAra para aneka nirNaya liye jAne lge| pustaka dharmopakaraNa hai, dravya parigraha hai, parabhAva parigraha nahIM hai| yaha sImA kA vistAra uttarakAla meM huaa| parigraha kI sImA vistRta ho gii| muni jaba pAna rakha sakatA hai, vastra rakha sakatA hai to pustaka kyoM nahIM rakha sakatA? pustaka yadi parigraha hai to vastra-pAna parigraha kyoM nahIM hai ? unheM yadi dravya parigraha mAnA jAe to pustaka ko dravya parigraha kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA? isa AdhAra para niyamoM meM parivartana hue haiM aura una niyamoM ko kasauTI ke rUpa meM dekheM to yaha svIkAra karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai ki mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita jo mUla siddhAMta the unakA vistAra sAmAjika saMdarbho meM hotA rahA hai| (AcArAMga ke AdhAra para-pAMcavAM pravacana-lADanUM 17-12-77)

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6. AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (1) gyAraha aMgoM meM sUtrakRta dUsarA aMga hai| jaina AgamoM meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM aneka viSayoM kA vizada pratipAdana huA hai| AcAra-zAstra ke nirUpaNa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / ise hama AcAra-zAstrIya grantha kaha sakate haiN| AcArya AryarakSita ne AgamoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA(1) dravyAnuyoga-darzanazAstra, (2) gaNitAnuyoga-gaNitazAstra, (3) caraNakaraNAnuyoga-AcArazAstra, (4) dharmakathAnuyoga-kathAzAstra / sUtrakRtAMga ko dravyAnuyoga ke antargata mAnA hai, parantu vastutaH yaha caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA zAstra hai| ___ pazcimI darzanoM meM AcAra zAstra kA svataMtra astitva hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI prAcIna kAla meM AcAra-zAstra kA svataMtra vibhAga thaa| kintu usakI samIcIna svataMtra abhivyaJjanA na hone ke kAraNa usakA svataMtra astitva gauNa ho gyaa| pazcimI vicArakoM ne AcAra-zAstra kA adhyayana yUnAnI darzanoM aura yUnAnI dArzanikoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA aura unhoMne bhAratIya darzana kI nitAnta upekSA kii| pazcimI dArzanikoM ne herAklAiTasa, zukarAta, pleTo, arastU Adi dArzanikoM ke darzana ke AdhAra para AcAra aura nItizAstra kI vyAkhyA kI, kintu kisI bhI bhAratIya AcArya, dArzanika yA zAstra kI mImAMsA ke AdhAra para prakAza nahIM ddaalaa| bhAratIya samIkSakoM ne bhI pazcimI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para AcAra kI mImAMsA kii| unhoMne bhAratIya AcAra-granthoM kA gahana adhyayana karane kA AyAsa nahIM kiyaa| cAra anuyogoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki AcAra-zAstra kI svataMtra vyavasthA thI / vaha usa samaya caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke antargata AtA thaa| para usakA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM ho skaa| eka prazna AtA hai ki yadi sUtrakRtAMga AcAra-zAstra hai to usameM jIva, AtmA,

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (1) 37 jagat, sRSTi kA kartRtva, vibhinna darzana-Adi dArzanika tathyoM kI carcA kyoM hai ? hama isa sacAI ko na bhUleM ki darzana aura AcAra do nahIM haiN| vAstava meM ve eka hI haiN| prazna pUchA gayA-jJAna kA sAra kyA hai ? niyuktikAra ne kahA-NANassa sAraM AyAro-jJAna kA sAra hai-aacaar| jaise dUdha aura ghI ko sarvathA bhinna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki donoM meM tAdAtmya hai, isI prakAra jJAna aura AcAra ko sarvathA pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| korA AcAra vastutaH AcAra nahIM hotA aura korA jJAna vastutaH jJAna nahIM hotaa| pahale dRSTi-darzana hotA hai aura phira usase phalita hotA hai-AcAra / anyathA na darzana darzana rahatA hai aura na AcAra AcAra / yadi darzana kI pRSThabhUmi na ho to AcAra hotA hI nhiiN| darzana kI niSpatti hai-AcAra / darzana kI sArthakatA hai--AcAra / AcAra kI svIkRti darzana se hotI hai, isalie donoM ko sarvathA pRthak nahIM mAna skte| prastuta Agama kA prArambha vAkya hai-bujjhjj| isakA artha hai-jaano| yadi jAnoge nahIM to AcAra kA nirdhAraNa kaise hogaa| isa zabda kI vistRta vyAkhyA dazakAlika sUtra (4-zloka 10) meM upalabdha hotI hai| vahAM kA vAkya hai--kiMvA nAhii cheya pAvagaM--jo jJAnI nahIM hai vaha kaise jAnegA ki zreya kyA hai, azreya kyA hai ? puNya kyA hai, pApa kyA hai ? isako nahIM jAnane vAlA AcArazAstra kA adhyayana nahIM kara sktaa| jIvana meM do hI bAteM hotI haiM--zreya yA azreya / isI ke AdhAra para vyavahAra ko acchA-burA kahA jAtA hai| isakA adhyayana hI AcAra-zAstra kA viSaya hai aura yahI AcAra-zAstra hai| prastuta Agama meM zreya aura azreya kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana ke lie zreya kyA hai ? azreya kyA hai ? kalyANa kyA hai ? akalyANa kyA hai ? kalyANa aura zreya meM bAdhaka tattva kauna-se haiM? inakA adhyayana hone ke kAraNa sUtrakRtAMga AcAra-zAstra hai| pahale jAno, phira AcaraNa kro| jJAna ke bAda AcAra hai| AcAra jJAnazUnya nahIM honA caahie| 'AcAraH prathamo dharmaH'- yaha vAkya bahu-pracalita hai| yaha pUrNa sacAI ko abhivyakta nahIM krtaa| vAstavika sUtra yaha ho--jJAnaM prathamo dharmaH, AcAraH dvitIyo dharmaH-jJAna pahalA dharma hai aura AcAra dUsarA dharma hai| AcAra pahalA dharma bana jAe to pahale bhI kucha nahIM, bAda meM bhI kucha nhiiN| phira to eka ajJAnI manuSya kA sArA AcaraNa dharma bana jaaegaa| dharma-adharma, naitikaanaitika, zreya-azreya- inameM taba bheda-rekhA khIMca pAnA sambhava nahIM hogA kyoMki inake bIca bheda-rekhA khIMcane vAlA tattva hai-jnyaan| jJAna hI AcAra-zAstra kI maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa kara sakatA hai| pahalA dharma hai-jJAna / pahalA nirdeza hai-'bujjhjj'-jaano| prazna hotA hai ki jAnanA kisalie? yahAM jAnanA kevala jAnane ke lie nahIM, jJAna kevala jJAna

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38 manana aura mUlyAMkana ke lie nahIM, kintu uddezyapUrti ke lie ho| jJAna jJAna ke lie bhI ho sakatA hai / maiM jAnatA hUM kyoMki mujhe jJAna upalabdha hai| yaha apane Apa uddezya kI sArthakatA hai / yaha anucita nahIM hai| kintu prastuta prasaMga meM 'bujjhejja' zabda kA pratipAdya hai ki jJAna jJAna ke lie nahIM, kartavya kartavya ke lie nahI, kintu lakSyapUrti ke lie ho|| kANTa ne kahA, "kartavya karttavya ke lie honA cAhie, kisI lAbha vizeSa ke lie nhiiN|" yaha kathana ucita hai, kintu pUrNa nahIM hai| yadi karttavya kartavya ke lie ho to zUnyatA hogii| usakA avazya hI koI uddezya honA cAhie, lakSya honA caahie| kyA AdamI kevala kArya karane ke lie hI janmA hai ? kyA usakA koI lakSya nahIM hai ? kyA vaha lakSyahIna jIvana jI rahA hai ? kriyA kriyA ke lie hogI to vaha vyartha hogii| manuSya anAvazyaka kriyAoM meM ulajha jaaegaa| kriyA uddezyapUrti ke lie honI caahie| jitanA prayojana utanI kriyA-yaha vyavahAra kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai| yadi kriyA kevala kriyA ke lie hI ho to vaha ananta ho jAegI aura usakI pUrti kA virAmacihna kahIM nahIM lgegaa| jJAna aura kartavya kisI-na-kisI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie hone caahie| prastuta sUtra meM 'bujjhejja' ke bAda kA zabda hai-'tiuTTe jjaa'| isakA artha hai-todd'o| pahale jAno, phira AcaraNa karo, todd'o| jJAna aura AcaraNa-donoM sAtha-sAtha caleM / kevala jAnanA paryApta nahIM hai / yaha apUrNa hai| usameM tor3ane kA,AcaraNa karane kA prazna hI nahIM aataa| kintu 'bujjhejja tiuTTajjA' yaha jJAna aura AcaraNa kA samanvaya-stra hai| jAno aura tor3o / donoM paraspara jur3e hue haiN| donoM sAtha hokara pUrNa hote haiM / donoM eka-eka rahakara apUrNa hote haiM / AcAra-zAstra kA eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai-AcAra-zAstra kI prerktaa| prazna hai hama kyoM jAneM? yadi koI preraNA na ho to jAnane kI sArthakatA nahIM hotii| vaha preraNA hai-tor3anA / sAmAnyataH pratyeka prANI kI prakRti hai ki vaha sukha kI upalabdhi aura duHkha kI nivRtti ke lie prayatna karatA hai| AcArazAstra ne sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para pratipAdita kiyA ki manuSya sukha cAhatA hai, duHkha nhiiN| isalie hamAre samUce AcArazAstra kA AdhAra banatA hai--sukhavAda / isakA sukha mUla hai, yaha bAta nahIM hai| mUla hai--rAga, kaam| vaha sukha se prerita nahIM, kintu kAmanA se prerita hokara kAma karatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA'kAmakAmI khalu ayaM purise'- manuSya kAma (kAmanA) se prerita hokara pravRtti karatA hai / hamArI preraNA hai-kAma / bhAratIya AcAra-zAstra meM do dhArAoM kA anuzIlana aura anucintana kiyA gyaa| ina dodhArAoM ke AdhAra para do pakSa banate haiM-laukika aura aadhyaatmik| AcAra-zAstra ke laukika pakSa meM kAma aura artha para vicAra kiyA gayA aura

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva ( 1 ) 36 AdhyAtmika pakSa meM dharma aura mokSa para ciMtana kiyA gyaa| donoM pakSoM meM cAroM puruSArtha samA jAte haiM / herAklAiTasa ne yaha prazna upasthita kiyA - AcAra kyoM ? AcAra ko jAnane lie jagat kI prakRti kA adhyayana jarUrI hai / niSkarSa nikAlA ki jagat kA mUla tattva hai - kaThoratA aura rUkSatA / hamAre jIvana kA uddezya hai -- prakAza karanA aMdhakAra ko samApta karanA / ArdratA ko samApta kara rUkSatA kA vikAsa karanA, rUkSatA kA arjana krnaa| herAklAiTasa ne kahA - keep your life dry -- jIvana ko rUkhA bnaao| unake darzana ke AdhAra para saMyama kA vikAsa huaa| icchAoM para niyaMtraNa pAnA unakA mukhya AdhAra-sUtra bana gayA / Azcarya kI bAta hai | dry kA paryAyazabda rUkSa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI meM saMyama kA paryAyavAcI zabda rUkSa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura herAklAiTasa kA samaya AsapAsa kA hI hai / kSetrIya dUrI hone para bhI donoM ne saMyama ke artha meM eka hI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / herAklAiTasa ke rUkSatA ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para icchAoM para niyaMtraNa pAne, saMyama karane ke siddhAnta kA vikAsa huA / yahI AcAra - zAstra kA mUla sUtra banA / kucha samata pazcAt DemokreTasa ne icchAtRpti aura sukhopalabdhi kA sUtra diyA / inake AdhAra para acArazAstra kI nIMva DAlI gaI / mahAvIra ne jisa AcArazAstra kA pratipAdana kiyA, usameM sukha aura duHkha kI paribhASA badala gaI / vyavahAra meM pUchA jAtA hai-- tuma sukha cAhate ho yA duHkha ? uttara hogA - sukha cAhatA hUM, duHkha kabhI nahIM cAhatA / sukha cAhanA aura duHkha na cAhanA - yaha manuSya kI prakRti hai / isa AdhAra para do siddhAntoM-- sukhavAda aura dukhavAda kA vikAsa huaa| kintu mahAvIra ne bhASA badala dii| unhoMne do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA--baMdha aura mokSa | do dhArAeM haiM-laukika aura AdhyAtmika / laukika dhArA pahale se pracalita zrI / samAjazAstriyoM aura arthazAstriyoM ne isakA vikAsa kiyA / kucha loga kahate haiM ki jaina-darzana adhUrA hai, pUrA nahIM hai kyoMki vaha jIvana kI samagra dhArAoM kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA / vaha kevala adhyAtma pakSa hai, kevala kSa kI bAta karatA hai / yaha ekapakSIya pratipAdana hai / yaha kathana sarvathA yathArtha bhI nahIM hai aura sarvathA ayathArtha bhI nahIM hai / jaina darzana adhyAtma-darzana hai, isalie vaha eka hI pakSa kA pratipAdana karatA hai / vaha dharma aura mokSa kA pratipAdana karatA hai, artha aura kAma kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA / dharma aura mokSa jIvana kA eka pakSa hai, usI prakAra artha aura kAma bhI jIvana kA eka pakSa hai| donoM milakara jIvana kI pUrNa vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiM / yaha Aropa yA kathana yUnAnI dArzanikoM kI dArzanika sRSTi ke bAda yahAM phailA,

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40 manana aura mUlyAMkana kyoMki pleTo, arastU Adi dArzanikoM ne samagradRSTi se vicAra kiyA aura usakI vyavasthAeM bhI diiN| unhoMne kAma aura artha ke viSaya meM cintana kiyA, vyavasthAeM dI, usI prakAra rAjanIti aura rAjya ke viSaya meM bhI vicAra kiyA, vyavasthAeM dii| pazcimI tAkika mAnasa ke loga yaha jAnanA cAheMge ki jaise pleTo aura arastU ne rAjya-vyavasthA ke satra die, kyA usI prakAra mahAvIra, buddha aura bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne bhI kucha sUtra die haiM ? vastutaH bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne aisA nahIM kiyA aura isalie nahIM kiyA ki yahAM laukika aura AdhyAtmika-donoM dhArAeM svIkRta thiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha ne AdhyAtmika pakSa kA pratipAdana kiyA aura samAja kA cintana karane vAle RSi-maharSiyoM ne kAma aura artha kI bhAvanAeM prastuta kii| vAtsyAyana ne kAmazAstra likhA / vaha kAma-zAkhA kA mUla grantha hai| kauTilya ne arthazAstra likhaa| zukranIti grantha kA praNayana huA aura bhI aneka grantha likhe ge| jaina aura jainetara vidvAnoM ne isa viSaya ke aneka grantha likhe / parantu ve saba isa bAta para ekamata rahe ki donoM pakSoM-laukika aura AdhyAtmika-kA mizraNa na ho| kAmazAstra meM vAtsyAyana ne likhA hai- 'sthavire dharmamokSa'-artha aura kAma se dharma aura mokSa sthavira haiM, bar3e haiN| ve jAnate the ki kAma aura artha jIvana kI tRpti ke lie haiN| donoM AvazyakatAeM haiM jIvana kii| kintu ye vAstavika nahIM haiN| ye jIvana kA unnayana karane vAlI nahIM haiN| yadyapi kauTilya ne kahA'arthaH pradhAnaM'- artha pradhAna hai, yaha pradhAnatA bhI artha kI dRSTi se hai| unhoMne dharma kA vismaraNa kabhI nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne adhyAtma ke aneka grantha likhe aura kAma aura artha ko heya btlaayaa| ___isa prakAra laukika dhArA aura AdhyAtmika dhArA-donoM dhArAeM svatantra rhiiN| kintu prazna hotA hai ki kyA adhyAtma ke AcArya yaha nahIM jAnate the ki kAma aura artha se sukha milatA hai, artha kAma kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai ? ve jAnane the aura isakA pratipAdana bhI karate the ki kAma ke sevana se sukha milatA hai, kintu ve sAtha-sAtha usakI heyatA kA bhI pratipAdana karate the| unake sAmane donoM dhArAoM kA spaSTa viveka thA, vivecana thaa| cetanA kI do dhArAeM haiN| eka hai - rAga-cetanA kI dhArA aura dUsarI haivItarAga-cetanA kI dhaaraa| jIvana meM donoM dhArAoM kA samanvaya hotA hai| jo vyakti vItarAga cetanA meM jItA hai, vaha kabhI rAga-cetanA kI upAdeyatA ko svIkAra nahIM karegA / vaha kabhI usa dizA meM prasthAna nahIM kregaa| rAga-cetanA ko svIkAra karane vAle vItarAga-cetanA ko asvIkAra nahIM karate haiN| apavAda rUpa meM cArvAka jaise nAstika darzana vItarAga-cetanA ko asvIkAra karate haiN| sabhI bhAratIya darzana eka svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki rAga-cetanA jIvana kI antima upalabdhi nahIM hai| vAstava meM antima upalabdhi hai-viitraag-cetnaa| jaina, bauddha aura aupa

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (1) 41 niSadika darzana -sabhI vItarAga-cetanA ko svIkRti dete haiM / donoM dhArAeM barAbara calatI rhiiN| karma aura artha kI dhArA bhI calatI rahI aura dharma aura mokSa kI 'dhArA bhI calatI rhii| jo vyakti adhyAtma ko upalabdha ho gae, jinheM adhyAtma kA sAkSAtkAra ho gayA, unheM vItarAga-cetanA se nIce utarakara rAga-cetanA ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karanA ucita nahIM lgaa| adhyAtmavettAoM ne rAjya-vyavasthA, artha-vyavasthA, kAma-vyavasthA aura samAjavyavasthA ke viSaya meM lekhanI nahIM claaii| unakI dRSTi spaSTa thI / unhoMne kahA"jaba hama zAzvata satyoM kI vyAkhyA kara rahe haiM, taba sAmayika satyoM kI vyAkhyA karanA apekSita nahIM hai| zAzvata aura sAmayika satyoM kA mizraNa nayI kaThinAiyAM paidA karatA hai| usase nayA rUr3hivAda janma letA hai| eka ora zAzvata satyoM kI vyAkhyA aura dUsarI ora sAmayika yA azAzvata satyoM kA pratipAdana-donoM meM koI sAmaMjasya nahIM hai| jinhoMne donoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vahAM ve donoM ke mizraNa se baca nahIM pAe haiN| usase aneka gar3abar3iyAM huI haiN|" ___ bhAratIya rAjyazAstriyoM ne likhA--"rAjA Izvara kA putra hotA hai| vaha IzvarIya sattA hai| vaha devatA hai| use rAjya karane kA janmasiddha adhikAra hai|" zAzvata satya kI dRSTi se rAjA na Izvara kA putra hai, na IzvarIya sattA hai aura na devatA hai| vaha kevala zakti ke arjana yA saMvardhana se rAjA bana gayA yA paripATI se rAjA banA diyA gyaa| ___ Aja rAjataMtra, IzvarIya sattA aura devavAda-sAre samApta ho gae / vartamAna ke ciMtana meM rAjA ko deva yA Izvara mAnanA ucita nahIM lgtaa| vaha hamAre jaisA hI eka manuSya hai| __jaba zAzvata aura sAmayika-donoM kA mizraNa ho jAtA hai taba samasyAeM utpanna hotI haiN| mahAvIra ne kahA.-ahiMsA zAzvata satya hai, dharma hai| yadi ve isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI kaha dete ki rAjya-rakSA karanA dharma hai to bar3I samasyA 'paidA ho jaatii| ahiMsA ko dharma kahane vAlA vyakti hI yadi kahe ki rAjya rakSA bhI dharma hai to ahiMsA kA siddhAnta apane Apa khaMDita ho jAtA hai| koI bhI rAjyazAstrI yA samAjazAstrI yahI kahegA ki rAjya-rakSA karanA pahalA dharma hai aura ahiMsA dUsarA dharma hai / adhyAtmazAstrI kahegA-ahiMsA hI dharma hai, rAjya-rakSA dharma nahIM hai| donoM meM kitanA virodhAbhAsa hai ? rAjya-rakSA meM yA rAjya-vyavasthA meM hajAroM loga marate haiM, usakI rAjya ko ciMtA nahIM hotii| use hiMsA yA adharma kI 'ciMtA nahIM hotii| use kevala rakSA aura vyavasthA kI ciMtA hotI hai| yadi adhyAtmazAstrI kaha de-rAjya-rakSA dharma hai to phira ahiMsA kA zAzvata mUlya samApta ho jaaegaa| vaha zAzvata satya nahIM rhegaa| bhAratIya darzana jIvana ke prati samagra dRSTikoNa prastuta nahIM karatA, yaha bhrAMti

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42 manana aura mUlyAMkana hai| vaha zAzvata aura azAzvata kI spaSTa sImAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / vaha donoM meM bheda mAnatA hai / jIvana ke donoM pakSa haiM, kintu vaha donoM kA mizraNa kabhI svIkAra nahIM karatA / zAzvata kA apanA mUlya hai, sarvopari mUlya hai / sAmayika kA apanA mUlya hai, alpakAlika mUlya hai| kevala samAja ke samparka meM hI usakA mUlya hai| zAzvata kI sImA meM vaha mUlyahIna hai| unhoMne kahA-adhyAtma, darzana aura AcAra-zAstra kI eka sImA hai aura samAjazAstra tathA arthazAstra kI dUsarI sImA hai| donoM kA pRthaka astitva hai| yadi donoM apanI-apanI sImA kA atikramaNa karate haiM to donoM mUlyahIna bana jAte haiN| zAzvata kI sImA meM zAzvata kA mUlya hai aura azAzvata kI sImA meM azAzvata kA mUlya hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke sAmane yaha spaSTa bheda-rekhA thii| kintu yadi hama pazcimI dArzanikoM ko par3hate to yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki unake sAmane adhyAtma kI rekhAeM spaSTa nahIM thiiN| unakA darzana kevala jIvana ke eka pakSa kI mImAMsA prastuta karatA hai| ____ vAstava meM mAnanA yaha cAhie ki darzana mukhyatayA tattva mImAMsA hai, mokSa aura AtmA kI mImAMsA nahIM hai| usakA darzana yA tattvajJAna ke AdhAra para vyAvahArika AcAra-zAstra banA, AcAra-zAstra kI mImAMsA huI, kintu mokSa, AtmA yA adhyAtma ke AdhAra para usakI abhivyakti nahIM huii| yadi pazcimI dArzanikoM ke sAmane adhyAtma kI dRSTi hotI to AcAra-zAstra kA svarUpa aura mImAMsA dUsare prakAra kI hotii| mArksa ne kahA-."darzana AdamI ko jJAna detA hai para badalatA nahIM, isalie aisA darzana cAhie josamAja ko badala ske|" pazcimI dArzanikoM kA yaha dRSTikoNa niSkAraNa nahIM thaa| unake darzana kI pRSThabhUmi yahI thii| unhoMne tattvajJAna aura AcAra ko vibhakta kara diyaa| para yaha vibhAjana ucita nahIM thaa| darzana aura AcAra ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke do zabda-bujjhajja, tiujjA --isI ora saMketa karate haiN| jJAna prathama AvazyakatA hai| jAnane ke bAda AcaraNa karanA, tor3anA Avazyaka hotA hai / jAno aura kro| phira prazna uThA ki kyA jAne ? kyA kareM? Arya jambU ne gaNadhara sudharmA se pUchA-'kimAhu baMdhaNaM vIre-baMdhana kyA hai ? kiM vA jANaM tiuTTaI'- kyA jAnane se baMdhana TUTatA hai ? baMdhana kyA hai-ise jAnanA hai / usako tor3ane kA upAya kyA hai-ise jAnanA hai aura karanA hai| Arya sudharmA ne AcArazAstrIya dRSTi se yahAM eka bahuta bar3e satya kA udghATana kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA-"parigraha baMdhana hai|" yaha sUtra samUce AcArazAstra kA AdhAra-sUtra hai| hamArI jIvana-yAtrA parigraha se zurU hotI hai| yadi parigraha nahIM hai to samAja bhI nahIM hai aura jIvana-yAtrA bhI nahIM hai| parigraha kA artha hai-bAhara se kucha lenaa| bAhara se lenA baMdhana hai| hamaH

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (1) 43 zvAsa lete haiM, cintana ke paramANuoM ko grahaNa karate haiM, saMskAroM ko grahaNa karate haiM--yaha saba parigraha hai, baMdhana hai| eka baccA mAM se jo kucha grahaNa karatA hai vaha saba parigraha hai| mAtA-pitA ke guNa-dharma aura saMskAra lenA, AhAra lenA, zarIra dhAraNa karanA, zarIra kA poSaNa karanA--yaha sArA parigraha hai| isakI sImA bahuta vyApaka hai| parigraha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai--karma, zarIra aura dhana-dhAnya Adi / mahAvIra ne kahA-"parigraha baMdhana hai|" yadi yahAM karmazAstrIya vivecana hotA to kahA jAtA ki rAga-dveSa baMdhana haiM, ATha karmoM kA baMdha honA baMdhana hai / para yadi hama soceM to yaha karmazAstrIya vivecana nahIM hai, yaha to AcArazAstrIya vivecana hai| isameM karma-baMdhana vivakSita nahIM hai, parigraha-baMdhana vivakSita hai| AdamI sabase pahale parigraha se baMdhatA hai aura anta taka usI se baMdhA rahatA hai| usakI jIvana kI sArI yAtrA parigraha se hotI hai| dUsarA prazna hai--baMdhana-mukti kA upAya kyA hai ? isakA uttara hai-parivAra, dhana Adi ke prati bhedAnubhUti kA honA hI baMdhana-mukti kA upAya hai| prazna AtA hai ki yahAM parigraha kI bAta kahI gaI hai, hiMsA kI bAta kyoM nahIM kahI gaI ? prazna ucita hai| hameM samajhanA hai ki AdamI hiMsA ke lie hiMsA nahIM krtaa| vaha sArI pravRtti, sArI hiMsA parigraha ke lie karatA hai| parigraha hai-- prayojana, hiMsA hai--samAdhAna / cAra puruSArthoM meM bhI do prayojana haiM aura do sAdhana haiM / mokSa prayojana hai, dharma sAdhana hai| kAma prayojana hai, artha sAdhana hai| mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa hai ki manuSya kI mUlavRtti hai-saMgraha krnaa| yahI parigraha hai| vyakti parigraha ke lie hI hiMsA karatA hai / jIvana kI samUcI yAtrA saMgraha ke lie calatI hai| kapar3A, dhana, dhAnya bAhara se lenA-yaha saba saMgraha hai, parigraha hai| ____ baMdhana kA preraka tattva kyA hai ? vaha hai mamatva / AdamI mamatva ke kAraNa hI saMgraha karatA hai| usakA zarIra ke prati mamatva hai, parivAra aura samAja ke prati mamatva hai, rASTra ke prati mamatva hai| isa mamatva ke kAraNa hI vaha baMdhA huA hai| usI kI prerakatA se vaha parigraha karatA hai aura parigraha ke lie hiMsA karatA hai| jaise baMdhana kA preraka tattva hai-mamatva, vaise hI baMdhana-mukti kA preraka tattva hai-atrANa kI anubhUti / manuSya ko yaha anubhava honA cAhie ki parivAra aura dhana meM bANazakti nahIM hai / be vANa nahIM de skte| ve akSama haiM / baMdhana-mukti kA yaha pahalA preraka tattva hai| ___ baMdhana-mukti kA dUsarA preraka tatva hai-sukha-duHkha kI kSaNikatA yA nazvaratA kA anubhv| ___ baMdhanamukti ke ye do preraka tattva haiN| rAga-cetanA se sukha hotA hai| AgamakAra kahate haiM-khaNamettasokkhA-sukha kSaNika hotA hai| yaha adhyAtma kA upadeza hai| vyavahAra meM hama dekhate haiM ki bhUkhe

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44 manana aura mUlyAMkana ko roTI milii| usase sukha kI anubhUti huii| pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya-sevana se sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai / kAna se priya zabda sunanA, AMkha se saundarya dekhanA, nAka se sugaMdha lenA, tvacA se acchA sparza karanA, jIbha se rasa kA AsvAdana lenA ---ye sAre sukha kI anubhUti meM kAraNa banate haiN| para adhyAtmavettA kahegA-vAstava meM bhautika vastuoM se sukha nahIM miltaa| vyavahAra meM jIne vAlA vyakti ise jhUTha maanegaa| para jo anubhUta ho rahA hai, jo sukha sahaja upalabdha hai, paudgalika vastuoM se jo niSpAdita hotA hai aura jIvana ke kSaNa-kSaNa meM jisa sukha kA hama anubhava karate haiM, use kaise jhuThalAyA jA sakatA hai ? isa pratyakSa anubhUta sukha kI vidyamAnatA meM yaha parikalpanA kyoM kI gaI ki arasa aura asparza kA anubhava karanA, arUpa aura azabda kA anubhava karanA hI vAstava meM sukha hai| do prakAra kI prakriyAeM haiM / eka hai-lAghava kI prakriyA aura dUsarI haigaurava kI prakriyA / indriyoM kA mArga lAghava kI prakriyA hai| padArthoM meM sukha dene kI kSamatA hai / indriyAM prApta haiN| padArthoM kA upabhoga kro| yada lAghavaprakriyA hai| ___ indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa karanA, indriya-saMyama karanA, indriyAtIta sukha ko upalabdha karanA----yaha gaurava prakriyA hai| prazna hotA hai ki yaha vibhAjana kyoM? aneka dArzanikoM ne isa prazna para vimarza kiyA aura kahA-yadi yaha vibhAjana na ho to dharma, adhyAtma aura naitikatA-ye saba kAlpanika tathya bana jaaeNge| unakI yathArthatA samApta ho jAegI, kyoMki unakA AdhAra hotA hai vaha sukha, jo indriyAtIta ho, indriyoM dvArA prApta na ho| kANTa ne tIna bAteM batAI1. saMkalpa kI svtNtrtaa| 2. iishvriiy-sttaa| 3. AtmA kI amrtaa| naitikatA ke ye tIna AdhAra banate hai / bhAratIya darzanoM meM dharma aura adhyAtma para jo vicAra huA, jo preraka tattva aura AdhAra batalAe, ve zAzvata haiN| ve do haiM--atrANa kI anubhUti aura sukhaduHkha kI nshvrtaa| ina do mUlabhUta bAtoM para adhyAtma kA vikAsa huaa| ___indriyoM se prApta sukha anaikAntika hotA hai| padArtha se sukha milatA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI miltaa| jisako kabhI unase sukha milatA hai, usako kabhI unase sukha nahIM bhI milatA / yaha sukha ekAntika nahIM ho sktaa| mana svastha hai to saMgIta sunanA sukha detA hai| jvara hai to vahI saMgIta duHkha detA hai| indriyajanya sukha Atyantika nahIM hotaa| eka bAra sukha milA, dUsarI bAra

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (1) 45 nahIM bhI milatA / tRpti huI, phira atRpti ho gaI / Atyantika vaha hotA hai jo eka bAra tRpti detA hai aura phira atRpti kabhI nahIM hotI / isa viSaya meM sAMkhya darzana ne gaharA ciMtana kiyA hai| usane batAyA- roTI khAne se kaisA sukha milatA hai ? bhUkha jaTharAgni kI pIr3A hai| yaha bImArI hai / bImArI ko miTAnA sukha kaise ? yaha to bImArI kA upacAramAtra hai| bhUkha-pyAsa miTAnA bImArI kA upacAra hai, sukha nahIM / manuSya bhojana karatA hai| bhUkha miTatI hai / tRpti kA anubhava hotA hai, parantu atRpti kA kSaNa vahIM se prAraMbha ho jAtA hai / yadi usI kSaNa meM atRpti prAraMbha na ho to vaha kabhI prAraMbha nahIM ho sakatI / yadi usI samaya bhUkha laganI prAraMbha na ho to phira kabhI bhUkha laga hI nahIM sktii| jisa samaya manuSya janma letA hai, usI kSaNa se yadi mRtyu prAraMbha na ho to usakI mRtyu kabhI nahIM ho sakatI / vaha amara bana jAtA hai / bhUkha eka hI minaTa meM nahIM lgtii| jisa kSaNa meM bhUkha miTI, usI kSaNa se bhUkha prAraMbha ho jAtI hai / jaba bhUkha carama bindu para pahuMcatI hai taba hama kahate haiM-- bhUkha laga gii| bhUkha miTane yA pyAsa bujhane kA sukha Atyantika nahIM hotA / tIsarI bAta hai ki padArthajanya sukha nirbAdha nahIM hai / usameM aneka avarodha haiM, bAdhAeM haiN| vItarAga-cetanA se upalabdha sukha anaikAntika, Atyantika aura nirbAdha hai, isI AdhAra para adhyAtma kA vikAsa huA, baMdhana tor3ane kI preraNA milii| yaha sukha zAzvata hai / isameM trANazakti hai / baMdhana ke hetu kauna-kauna se haiM ? mokSa ke hetu kyA haiM ? inako AcAra-zAstra ke saMdarbha meM samajhanA hogA / anyathA AcArazAstrIya dRSTikoNa ko nahIM samajhA jA gaa| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke AdhAra para - pahalA pravacana - 1 - 1 - 76 lADanUM)

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7. AcAra - zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (2) AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta siddhAMta cAra haiM ---- 1. atrANa / 2. anityatA / 3. AtmA kI pariNAmi nityatA / 4. zreya kA AcaraNa tathA azreya se bacAva / unameM atrANa aura anityatA kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai / AcAra - zAstra kA tIsarA siddhAnta hai - AtmA kI pariNAmi nityatA / yadi AtmA na ho to AcAra - zAstra kA koI AdhAra nahIM banatA aura AtmA ho aura vaha karttA na ho, usakA svataMtra kartRtva na ho to AcAra - zAstra kI dizA bhinna hogI / AtmA ho aura vaha yadi kUTasthanitya ho to bhI AcAra - zAstra kI dizA bhinna hogI, isalie sUtrakAra ne isa prasaMga para eka mImAMsA prastuta kI hai| usa mImAMsA meM do prakAra ke darzana Ate haiN| eka hai - anAtmavAdI darzana aura dUsarA hai - AtmavAdI darzana / sUtrakAra ne sarvaprathama pAMca mahAbhUtavAdiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ve pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA astitva svIkArate haiM aura unhIM se AtmA ko utpanna huA mAnate haiM / ve mAnate haiM ki zarIra ke vinAza ke sAtha hI AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai / paMcamahAbhUtavAda ke pazcAt ekAtmavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda, paMcaskaMdhavAda, niyativAda, jJAnavAda kI carcAeM prApta haiN| jahAM bhUtavAda kI carcA prApta hai, vahAM AcAra- zAstra para itanA gaMbhIra cintana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / AtmA kI anupasthiti meM jo samAja kI upayogitA hai vahI AcAra kA paryApta AdhAra hai| usase Age kisI bhI AcArazAstrIya niyama -ko khojane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / varNita darzanoM meM tajjIvataccharIravAda, paMcamahAbhUtavAda Adi darzana anAtmavAdI haiM / ye darzana AtmA kI zAzvata sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / ye vizva ke AdhArabhUta tattva ke rUpa meM AtmA kI pratiSThA nahIM karate / akArakavAda, ekAtmaka -- ye AtmavAdI darzana haiM / inake AdhAra para

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (2) 47 bhI AcArazAstrIya dizAeM spaSTa nahIM hotii| __AcAra-zAstra kA mUla AdhAra hai-zreya kA AcaraNa aura azreya kA nirodha / yahI isakA svarUpa hai| AcAra-zAstra koI tattvavidyA nahIM hai| vaha jIvana kA mUlya hai, Adarza kA adhyayana hai| jIvana kA mUlya hai-zreya kA AcAraNa aura azreya se bacAva / zreya aura azreya kA utpAdaka' kauna hai ?--yaha AcAra-zAstra kA jvalaMta prazna hai| kyA manuSya zreya aura azreya kA AcaraNa karane meM svataMtra hai yA parataMtra ? ina praznoM kA uttara vibhinna dArzanikoM ne vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se diyA hai| AcAra-zAstra ke tIna siddhAnta haiM1. saMkalpa kI svtNtrtaa| 2. niytivaad| 3. aatm-niytivaad| kucha dArzanika mAnate haiM ki manuSya karma aura saMkalpa karane meM svataMtra hai| yUnanI dArzanikoM kA yahI abhimata rhaa| kANTa ne AcAra-zAstra ke do AdhAra prastuta kie| unameM pahalA hai--saMkalpa kI svtNtrtaa| unakA tarka thA ki yadi manuSya meM saMkalpa kI svataMtratA na ho to usase sadAcAra kI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| bhale-bure ke lie use uttaradAyI nahI ThaharAyA jA sktaa| phira uttaradAyI koI dUsarA hI hogaa| jo IzvaravAdI dArzanika haiM unake sAmane eka bahuta bar3A prazna hai| ve manuSya ke saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| ve mAnate haiM ki manuSya jo bhI karma karatA hai, pravRtti karatA hai, vaha saba Izvara-prerita hotI hai| aba prazna AtA hai ki manuSya ke karma kA uttaradAyI kauna? usake zreya aura azreya ke prati uttaradAyI kauna ? - pazcima ke dharma-pradhAna dArzanikoM meM yaha vicAra pracalita rahA ki Izvara ne zreya hI utpanna kiyA thA, kintu bAda meM azreya ho gayA / azreya yA burAI hai IzvarIya AdezoM kA atikramaNa / IsAI dharma meM mAnA gayA hai ki prathama puruSa Adama ne IzvarIya icchAoM kA atikramaNa kiyA isalie azreya utpanna ho gyaa| 'azreya ko Izvara ne utpanna kiyA' yaha abhyupagama kaThina hotA hai, isalie ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| manuSya pahale acchA hI thA, bAda meM vaha burA bnaa| vaha burA isalie hai ki vaha IzvarIya AdezoM kA atikramaNa karatA jA rahA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM-IzvaravAdI darzanoM ke sAmane bhI yaha prazna hai ki manuSya ke bhale-bure AcaraNa kA uttaradAyI kauna ? kahA gayA hai-'Izvara-prerito gacchet, svarga vA narakaM tthaa'...| phira manuSya ko kyoM uttaradAyI mAnA jaae| isa jaTila prazna kA samAdhAna bahuta kaThina hai, yadi hama usake kartRtva kI svataMtratA svIkAra na kreN| manuSya karma karane meM svataMtra hai, saMkalpa karane meM svataMtra hai| yadi vaha svataMtra hai tabhI vaha zreya

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48 manana aura mUlyAMkana aura azreya ke prati uttaradAyI mAnA jA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / dUsarA dRSTikoNa hai-- niyativAda / niyativAdI mAnate haiM ki saba kucha niyata hai, aniyata kucha bhI nahIM hai| sAre bhautika padArtha niyata haiN| eka paramANu kA bhI krama niyata hai, aniyata kucha bhI nahIM / isIlie samUcA bhautikavAdI vijJAna eka nizcita siddhAnta ke AdhAra para niSkarSa nikAlatA hai, bhautika padArtha kI vyAkhyA karatA hai, bhaviSyavANI karatA hai / bhaviSyavANI isIlie ko jA sakatI hai ki bhautika padArtha meM aniyamitatA nahIM hai, avyavasthA nahIM hai / niyativAdI vicAradhArA manuSya ko bhautika padArtha kI bhAMti yAMtrika mAnatI hai / usI ke AdhAra para manuSya kI niyati ko vyAkhyAyita karatI hai / vyAvahArika manovijJAna manuSya ko bhautika padArtha kI bhAMti paristhiti ke adhIna yaMtravat mAnatI hai, paristhitivAda, vAtAvaraNavAda aura nimittavAda - ye saba manuSya ko niyati mAnakara tattva kI vyAkhyA karate haiM / sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda kA ullekha hai / yaha AjIvaka sampradAya kA abhimata hai / isake anusAra manuSya eka niyata krama se calatA hai / vaha niyati ke adhIna hai / manuSya ke saMkalpa kI koI svataMtratA nahIM hai / niyativAda: aura saMkalpa kI svataMtratA - ye donoM asamanvita hokara sahI nahIM hai / isa prakAra sUtrakAra ne vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai / Age ke zlokoM meM sUtrakAra ne yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jaba taka duHkha kI utpatti ko nahIM jAnA jAtA, taba taka duHkha-nirodha ko bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / amaNunna saNuppAyaM amanojJa kA utpAda hI duHkha hai / amanojJa kA artha hai - asaMyama | asaMyama se duHkha utpanna hotA hai / isa duHkha kI utpatti ko jo nahIM jAnatA vaha usake nirodha ko kaise jAna sakatA hai ? 1 AcAra - zAstra ke tIna mUla tattva haiM - duHkha, duHkha kA utpAda aura duHkha kA nirodha / duHkha ko jAnanA hai, duHkha ke utpAda ko jAnanA hai aura duHkha ke nirodha ko jAnanA hai / sabase pahale yaha jAnanA jarUrI hai ki duHkha kyA hai ? dUsarI bAta hai ki duHkha utpanna kaise hotA hai ? aura tIsarI bAta hai ki duHkha kA nirodha kaise hotA hai ? sUtrakAra isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki vyakti saMkalpa meM svatantra hai / yadi vaha svataMtra na ho to duHkha ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / yadi vyakti karma karane meM aura saMkalpa karane meM svataMtra na ho to phira usane duHkha utpanna kiyA, yaha kabhI prasthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / duHkha kI sthApanA meM vyakti kI karma aura saMkalpa kI svataMtratA hI mUla tattva hai / kintu saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ekAntika nahIM ho sakatI / niyativAda kA asvIkAra ekAntika nahIM ho sakatA / prastuta sUtra meM niyati aura saMkalpa kI svataMtratA -- donoM kA samanvaya upalabdha hotA hai | yadi saMkalpa hI saba kucha ho to kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta kI sarvathA ava-helanA ho jAtI hai / kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta meM saMkalpa kI svataMtratA ekAntataH 1

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (2) 46 svIkRta nahIM ho sktii| saMkalpa ke pIche bhI koI kAraNa hai / saMkalpa eka kArya hai| usakA kAraNa avazya hI honA caahie| kArya jaba kAraNa se pratibaddha hai to use ekAntika rUpa se svataMtra nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vaha sApekSa hai / yadi aisA na ho to manuSya kisI bhI kArya ke prati uttaradAyI nahIM ho sktaa| isalie niyativAda bhI sApekSa hai| niyativAda aura kArya-kAraNavAda yA saMkalpa kI svatantratA aura niyatiina donoM kI sApekSa svIkRti hI duHkha ke utpAda aura nirodha meM sahAyaka banatI hai| pratyeka prANI vikAsa karanA cAhatA hai| vanaspati prANIvarga se hI svataMtratA udbhUta hone laga jAtI hai| manuSya kA vikAsa ekendriya se hotA hai, vanaspati se hotA hai| jagat meM sabase adhika jIvoM kA saMgrahaNa vanaspati meM hai| vaha jIvoM kA akSaya bhaMDAra hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki vanaspati jIva-varga samUce jIvoM ke vikAsa kA AdhArabhUta hai| jitane bhI jIva vikAsa-krama meM Ae haiM, ve vanaspati se Ae haiN| vanaspati kA eka jIva-varga hai-nigoda / vaha jIvoM kA akSaya koSa hai| vanaspati jIvoM ke do prakAra haiM1. pratyeka zarIrI-eka zarIra meM eka hI jIva kI avsthiti| 2. sAdhAraNa zarIrI-eka zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kI avsthiti| vanaspati kA anantajIvI varga nigoda saMjJA se abhihita hotA hai| usameM anantaananta jIva haiN| vaha kabhI rikta nahIM hotA / vaha kabhI jIvazUnya nahIM hotaa| nigoda kI jIvarAzi eka ora tathA zeSa sArI jIvasRSTi eka ora-phira bhI donoM kI tulanA nahIM ho sktii| nigoda kI jIvarAzi usase bahuta vizAla hai| aMgulI Tike jitane bhAga meM nigoda ke ananta jIva hote haiN| ve avyavahAra-rAzi ke jIva kahalAte haiN| ve vahAM se nikalakara vyavahAra meM Ate haiM (sthUla jagat meM Ate haiN)| avyavahAra-rAzi ke jIvoM meM na bhASA kA vyavahAra hai aura na ciMtana kA spaSTa vyavahAra hai| unameM koI vibhAga nahIM hotaa| ve saba eka hI zreNI ke hote haiN| ve ekendriya haiN| vahAM se nikalakara ve vibhAga ke jagat meM Ate haiM / vahAM unake vibhAga prAraMbha ho jAte haiN| ve vibhAga haiM-pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya tathA manaska, amanaska aadi| yaha sArA vikAsa yA vibhAga avyavahAra-rAzi se vyavahAra-rAzi meM Ane vAle jIvoM kA hotA hai| prazna hotA hai ki avyavahAra-rAzi se jIva vyavahAra-rAzi meM kaise AtA hai ? unake Ane kA kAraNa saMkalpa kI svatantratA nahIM hai| yaha kAla se niyaMtrita krama hai| kAla-labdhi ke kAraNa aisA hotA hai / jaba kAla-labdhi kA pUrA paripAka hotA hai taba jIva avyavahAra-rAzi se nikalakara vyavahAra-rAzi meM A jAtA hai| vaha vahAM ananta kAla se avikAsa kI bhUmikA meM par3A huA thaa| vahAM se vaha vikAsa kI bhUmikA meM AtA hai| jaba taka jIva vyavahAra-rAzi meM nahIM AtA taba taka vaha avikasita avasthA meM ananta-kAla taka par3A rahatA hai| jIva kA avyavahAra-rAzi

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50 manana aura mUlyAMkana se nikalanA yA na nikalanA saMkalpa ke vazIbhUta nahIM hai / niyati ke kAraNa vaha vahAM se nikalatA hai aura vikAsa karane laga jAtA hai| yadi koI kahe ki yaha to mAnyatA mAtra hai| kyA isakA koI tArkika samAdhAna bhI hai ? uttara niSedhAtmaka hI hogaa| koI tArkika samAdhAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jahAM niyati kA svIkAra hai vahAM tarka nahIM hotaa| yaha prakRtivAda hai, zAzvatavAda hai| niyativAda ko yadi hama vartamAna ciMtana ke saMdarbha meM prastuta kareM to use hama sArvabhauma niyama kaha sakate haiN| vizva ke kucheka sArvabhauma niyama (yUnivarsala lAja) hote haiM, jinase vizva kI sArI vyavasthA saMcAlita hotI hai| ye niyama zAzvata haiN| inameM koI parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| aba hama ina sArvabhauma niyamoM ko IzvarIya sattA mAne, kAla kA vipAka kaheM, koI antara nahIM aataa| bhinna-bhinna zabdoM kA abhyupagama ho sakatA hai| kintu ye saba niyama niyata haiM, jAgatika haiM, yUnivarsala haiM / ye saba aparivartanIya haiN| jaise pudgala ke lie niyama haiM, vaise hI cetana ke lie niyama haiM / paramANuoM kA eka niyama hai ki amuka kAla ke bAda varNa kA, gaMdha kA, rasa kA aura sparza kA parivartana avazya hI hogaa| yaha nizcita niyama hai| ise TAlA nahIM jA sktaa| isI prakAra cetana ke lie yaha nizcita niyama hai ki amuka kAla ke pazcAt jIva avyavahArarAzi se nikalakara vyavahAra-rAzi meM aaegaa| avikAsa kI zRMkhalA se chUTakara vikAsa kI zRMkhalA meM jur3a jaaegaa| yaha niyati hai| hama ise sarvathA asvIkAra nahIM kara sakate / yadi hama niyativAda ko svIkAra nahIM karate to vyavasthA meM bahuta gar3abar3iyAM ho jAtI haiN| jAgatika niyama bahuta spaSTa haiM, unheM amAnya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu hama niyati ko hI saba kucha mAnakara caleM taba hamArA sArA saMkalpa yaMtravat ho jaaegaa| hama kucha bhI nahIM kara paaeNge| jo honA hai, hogaa| ___eka makAna hai| vaha jar3a hai| usakI kucheka bAteM niyata haiN| vaha sardI meM bhI chAMha degA aura garmI meM bhI chAMha degaa| vaha chAMha ke sthAna para Atapa aura Atapa ke sthAna para chAMha nahIM lA sktaa| manuSya cetana hai| usameM svataMtratA hai| yadi sardI hai to vaha dhUpa meM jAkara baiTha sakatA hai aura yadi dhUpa hai to vaha chAMha meM Akara baiTha sakatA hai| vaha svataMtra hai, karane yA na karane meN| eka relagAr3I paTarI para calatI hai| usameM yaha svataMtratA nahIM hai ki icchA ho to paTarI para cale aura icchA na ho to nIce calane laga jaae| kintu cIMTI meM vaha svataMtratA hai| vaha cAhe to paTarI para bhI cala sakatI hai aura cAhe to nIce utara sakatI hai, nIce bhI cala sakatI hai| cIMTI meM (sabhI prANiyoM meM) icchA-zakti kA viziSTa guNa hotA hai aura jaba jIva avyavahAra-rAzi se vyavahAra-rAzi meM AtA hai taba icchA-zakti kA prayoga prAraMbha kara detA hai / usa icchA-zakti yA saMkalpa-zakti ke AdhAra para ekendriya se dvIndriya banatA hai, do indriya vAlA banatA hai| phira jaise-jaise usake saMkalpa kA vikAsa hotA hai vaha tIna indriya vAlA, cAra indriya vAlA aura pAMca indriya

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (2) 51 vAlA banatA jAtA hai| phira samanaska, atIndriyajJAnI, avadhijJAnI, manaHparyavajJAnI aura kevalajJAnI banatA hai| yaha sArA jaivika vikAsa svataMtra saMkalpa-zakti aura icchA-zakti ke AdhAra para hotA hai| hama ekAntataH na niyativAda ko svIkAra kara sakate haiM aura na saMkalpavAda kI svataMtratA ko svIkAra kara sakate haiN| hama unheM eka sImA meM hI svIkAra kara sakate haiM / niyati kI bhI eka sImA hai aura saMkalpa kI bhI eka sImA hai| ye donoM sImAyeM milakara eka tIsare mArga kA udghATana karatI haiN| vaha hai-sApekSatA kA mArga / manuSya kA sArA kArya niyati-sApekSa bhI hai aura saMkalpa-sApekSa bhI hai| manuSya niyati se baMdhA huA hai, isalie vikAsa ke nizcita krama meM cala rahA hai| vikAsa kA jo krama prAraMbha ho gayA vaha vikAsa manuSya hone taka aura AcAra kA nirdhAraNa karane taka calatA rahatA hai| manuSya svataMtra saMkalpavAdI hai / vaha Age kA cunAva bhI karatA hai| vaha niyati ke krama ko tor3akara eka dUsarI sRSTi kA sRjana karatA hai, dUsare jagat meM calA jAtA hai| yaha hai-azreya se chUTanA, duHkha kA nirodha krnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa AcAra-zAstra kA nirUpaNa kiyA, usake pIche niyativAda aura svataMtra saMkalpavAda-ye donoM siddhAnta sammata haiM / ye donoM milakara hI hamAre AcAra-zAstra kI dizAoM kA nirdhAraNa karate haiN| - prastuta sUtra meM ekAMgI matoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jo ekAMtavAdI darzana haiM ve duHkha ke utpAda ko nahIM jAnate aura unameM duHkha kA utpAda saMbhava bhI nahIM hotaa| jo bhUtavAdI haiM, ve AtmA kA zAzvata astitva svIkAra nahIM karate, isalie unake lie duHkha kI bAta prApta nahIM hotii| unakA duHkha mAtra vartamAna kA hotA hai| usa duHkha ke pIche koI hetu nahIM hotA, jisake AdhAra para AcArazAstrIya mImAMsA kI jA ske| isa duHkha kA hetu kyA hai aura usa hetu ko nirasta kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ye prazna vahAM prApta nahIM hote| una darzanoM ke anusAra gahare meM jAne kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| ve mAnate haiM ki vartamAna paristhiti jo mana ke pratikUla hai, vahI duHkha hai aura yadi usa paristhiti ko badala diyA jAe to duHkha samApta ho jAtA hai| vahAM kevala paristhiti ke parivartana kI hI bAta AtI hai, Age-pIche kI bAta nahIM aatii| una darzanoM meM isa saMbaMdha kI gaharI mImAMsA bhI nahIM hai| ____ AtmavAdI darzanoM ke aneka prakAra haiN| darzana AtmavAdI hai, kintu vaha akriyAvAda ko mAnatA hai to vahAM AtmA kA koI svataMtra kartRtva prApta nahIM hotaa| vahAM duHkha Atma-cetita nahIM hotaa| duHkha-sukha Atma-cetita nahIM haiM, mAtra saMyoga haiM / yaha saMyoga AtmA ke vikAsa meM koI avarodha utpanna nahI karatA aura AtmA ke mukta hone meM koI nayI dizA pradAna nahIM karatA / eka jaTila prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jahAM hamArI AtmA kA koI kartRtva nahIM hai, duHkha ke prati aura sukha ke prati, vahAM phira AtmA se koI saMbaMdha sthApita nahIM hotaa| yaha sArA

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52 manana aura mUlyAMkana eka valaya meM hotA hai, paridhigata hotA hai| usakA koI kendra nahIM hotaa| kendra hai hI nahIM, sArA paridhigata hai| paridhi kendra ke binA hotI hai, yaha bAta sahajagamya nahIM hai| akriyAvAda yA akArakavAda meM sabase bar3I kaThinAI hai-kendrazUnya paridhi kA prpNc| jisa sukha-duHkha yA zreya-azreya ke nirmANa meM kendra kI zunyatA aura paridhi kI svIkRti hai, vaha tathya saMgata nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki akriyAvAda yadi sammata hai to bhI duHkha kA utpAda kaise hotA hai, yaha nahIM jAnA jA sakatA aura duHkha ke nirodha ko bhI nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| ekAtmavAda meM bhI yahI samasyA hai| yadi eka hI AtmA hai aura vaha vyApaka hai to duHkha ke utpAda aura nirodha kI bAta hI prApta nahIM ho sktii| kauna duHkha bhogane vAlA hai, kauna duHkha karane vAlA hai aura duHkha kyA hai ? saba kucha AtmA hI AtmA hai| ina sabhI saMdarbho meM yaha prazna bahuta jaTila bana jAtA hai ki duHkha utpanna kaise hotA hai ? ___ jo ekAMgI matoM kI carcA karane vAle darzana haiM ve isa carcA ko nahIM jAnate ki AtmA anAdi hai, akRta hai| paryAya utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai| duHkha-sukha utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai| vaha sArA AtmA ke dvArA kRta hai, akRta nahIM hai, Atma-saMcetita hai| gaNadhara sudharmA kahate haiM-'suyaM ca me ajjhatthiyaM ca me, baMdhapamokkho tujjha ajjhattheva'-maiMne sunA hai aura jAnA hai ki baMdha aura mokSadonoM tumhAre antaHkaraNa meM haiM, tumhArI lezyAoM meM haiM, tumhAre adhyavasAya meM haiN| ve bAhara se nahIM aate| ve bAhara se prerita bhI nahIM haiN| yaha Atma-kartRtvavAda hai| prazna hotA hai ki phira duHkha kisase utpanna hotA hai ? duHkha kA utpAdaka kauna hai ? Atma-kartRtvavAda meM yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki duHkha kA kartA svayaM AtmA hai| dUsarI koI sattA nahIM hai jo duHkha kA utpAdaka ho| azreya kA utpAdaka AtmA hai| koI dUsarI sattA azreya ko utpanna nahIM kara sktii| phira prazna hotA hai ki duHkha kyoM utpanna hotA hai ? duHkha kA utpAdaka tattva hai-asNym| jitanA duHkha hai vaha sArA vyakti ke asaMyama se utpanna hotA hai| isI mUla tattva ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samUce AcAra-zAstra kI vyavasthA kI hai| asaMyama-lAlasA ke kAraNa vyakti saMgraha karatA hai| yaha parigraha hai| isIlie parigraha asaMyamakRta hai| yadi AtmA apane svarUpa meM, caitanyasvarUpa meM ho to use bAhara se kucha bhI lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| pratyeka padArtha apane-apane svarUpa meM sthita hotA hai, cetana cetana meM sthita hotA hai aura acetana acetana meM sthita hotA hai| paramANu paramANu meM sthita hotA hai aura AtmA AtmA meM sthita hotA hai| lokasthiti ke chaha dravya haiN| unameM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla-ye cAra dravya svarUpa-sthita haiN| inameM koI vyaMjana paryAya

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva ( 2 ) 53. nahIM hotA, kevala artha - paryAya hotA hai / artha- paryAya svAbhAvika paryAya hai / vyaMjanaparyAya vaibhAvika paryAya hai / ina dravyoM meM koI kRta paryAya ho sakatA hai aupacArika rUpa meN| kintu kisI padArtha ke Antarika ghulana - milana ke svabhAva se paryAya kA parivartana nahIM hotA / pudgala aura jIva-ina do dravyoM meM vyaMjana paryAya hotA hai / pudgala jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura jIva pudgala ko prabhAvita karatA hai / pudgala ke saMyoga se jIva badala jAtA hai aura jIva ke saMyoga se pudgala meM parivartana A jAtA hai / AtmA apane svarUpa meM sthita nahIM hai kyoMki vaha anAdikAla se pudgala ke sAtha milI huI hai| pudgala bhI pUrNataH svataMtra nahIM hai / jIva ke dvArA pudgaloM meM bahuta parivartana ghaTita hotA hai / 1 zarIra pudgala hai / jIva AtmA hai / hamArA jo vyaktitva AcAra kA nirdhAraNa aura pAlana karatA hai vaha na kevala AtmA hai aura na kevala zarIra / vaha na kevala acetana hai aura na kevala cetana / vaha pudgala aura cetana ke saMyoga se niSpanna tIsarA tatva hai / use hama jIva kahate haiM / jIva ko hama kevala AtmA bhI nahIM kaha sakate aura kevala zarIra bhI nahIM kaha skte| yaha donoM kA eka maulika (yA bhautika) mizraNa hai / AtmA aura pudgala kA eka yoga milA aura eka nayI zakti paidA huI / use prANa kahA jAtA hai / isIke dvArA samUce jIvana kA saMcAlana hotA hai / prANa-zakti-saMpanna AtmA, jisake sAtha pudgala milA huA hai, usakA nAma hai-- jIvana | jIvana na kevala paudgalika hai aura na kevala Atmika / yaha yaugika hai - donoM ke yoga se niSpanna hai / isa yaugika vyaktitva meM hama jo kucha karate haiM vaha sArA vyaMjana paryAya ke AdhAra para karate haiM / sAre vyakta yA sthUla paryAya jIva aura pudgala se niSpanna haiM / isa dRSTi se jIva bhI pUrA svataMtra nahIM hai aura pudgala bhI pUrA svataMtra nahIM hai / yaha eka niyati hai ki jIva aura pudgala alaga nahIM hote / ye donoM niyati ke AdhAra para sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / yaha eka nizcita siddhAnta hai, niyativAda hai ki jaba taka hamArA jIvana prANa-zakti ke dvArA saMcAlita hai taba taka saMkalpa sarvathA svataMtra nahIM ho sakatA / yaha sArvabhauma satya hai / isa niyati kI sthiti meM, jIva aura pudgala -- donoM ke yoga se calane vAle vyaktitva meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI prakriyA paidA hotI hai| vaha prakriyA hai - asaMyama / AtmA ko lenA kucha bhI nahIM hai / use kevala chor3anA hai| jo yoga hai, vijAtIya hai, use chor3anA hai / kintu vaha nirAkAMkSI nahIM bana sakatI, kyoMki vaha AtmA nahIM, abhI jIva hai / jIva hai isalie usameM AkAMkSA honA svAbhAvika hai / kucha lenA svAbhAvika hai / prANa zakti vidyamAna hai to kucha lenA par3egA / isa prANa-zakti ke kAraNa hI eka vizeSa prakAra kI paristhiti nirmita hotI hai / usI kA nAma asaMyama hai | asaMyama prANa-zakti kI svAbhAvika prakriyA hai / jaba taka prANI hai,

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54 manana aura mUlyAMkana prANa-zakti hai, asaMyama ke kAraNa prANa-zakti ke dvArA hI saMcAlita hotA hai to vaha bAhara se letA hI letA hai| asaMyama kA pahalA kAma hai bAhara se lenaa| AhAra lenA, zarIra ke paramANuoM ko lenA, zvAsa ke paramANuoM ko lenA, bhASA aura cintana ke paramANuoM ko lenA, karma ke paramANuoM ko lenA, yaha saba prANa-zakti ke dvArA hotA hai| jitanA bhI paramANuoM kA AdAna-pradAna hai, jo prANazakti ke lie Avazyaka hai, vaha asaMyama ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| jaba taka grahaNa kA yaha krama rahegA taba taka asaMyama rahegA / asaMyama duHkha utpanna karatA hai| bAhara se lenA hI duHkha hai| jaba AtmA bAhara se kucha nahIM letI taba koI duHkha nahIM hotaa| jaba taka vaha bAhara se letI rahatI hai taba taka duHkha kA krama nahIM ttuutttaa| jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kahA jAtA hai ki jaba jIva ayogAvasthA meM pahuMcatA hai, zailezI avasthA ko upalabdha hotA hai taba duHkha kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai| jaba taka yogAvasthA hai-mana, vacana aura zarIra kI caMcalatA kI sthiti hai taba taka kevalI yA vItarAga ho jAne para bhI duHkha kA pUrNa nirodha nahIM hotaa| kevalI ke bhI duHkha kA udaya hotA hai| vaha kevalI vyakti duHkha kA saMvedana nahIM karatA kyoMki jJAna kA vahAM pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA hotA hai| kintu zarIra meM du:kha ke paramANu Ate haiM aura zArIrika vedanA utpanna karate haiN| asaMyama hI duHkha kA mUla hai| duHkha-nirodha kA mUla tattva hai---saMyama / sUtrakAra ne batAyA hai ki saMyama karo, usase duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai| duHkha ke utpanna hone kA hetu hai--asaMyama aura duHkha ke nirodha kA hetu hai-sNym| jaba bAhara se lenA baMda hotA hai taba saMyama ghaTita hotA hai| jaba taka bAhara se lenA calatA rahatA hai taba taka asaMyama banA rahatA hai| . pahalA tattva hai ki bAhara se na liyA jaae| parigraha na kiyA jaae| isa krama meM sabase pahale hameM sthUla se calanA hogaa| pahale kSaNa meM yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki zvAsa na leN| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| pahale hama sthUla ko chor3eM, upadhi grahaNa na kreN| padArthoM ko chodd'eN| dhana-dhAnya aura makAna ko chodd'eN| padArthoM para hI yaha pratibaMdha ho sakatA hai ki hama unakA parigrahaNa na kreN| yaha saMbhava bhI hai| jaba saMyama kI yaha sthiti paripakva ho jAe taba hama bhASA ke paramANuoM kA grahaNa na kreN| yaha mauna ke vikAsa kA Adi-bindu hai| isase vAkagupti ghaTita hogii| cintana ke paramANuoM ko na leM to manogupti ghaTita hogii| ___ AcAra-zAstra ke mUla aMga haiM-manogupti, vAkgupti aura kAyagupti / inakA AdhAra hai---asaMyama kA nirodha / asaMyama kA nirodha yAnI bhASA ke paramANuoM kA agrahaNa, mana ke paramANuoM kA agrhnn| jaba ye donoM ghaTita ho jAte haiM taba kAyA ke paramANuoM kA agrahaNa svayaM prApta ho jAtA hai| manogupti sadhatI hai,

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AcAra-zAstra ke AdhArabhUta tattva (2) 55 vAkgupti sadhatI hai aura kAryagupti sadhatI hai taba zvAsa-saMyama kI bAta prApta hotI hai| zvAsa ke paramANuoM ko bhI na liyA jaae| ina sabakA eka nizcita krama hai| sabase pahale kAyagupti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki bhASA ke lie, cintana ke lie aura zvAsa ke lie paramANuoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA hai-shriir| yaha sthUla zarIra hI sAre paramANuoM ko AkarSita karane vAlA hai| hamAre vikAsa kA eka krama hai| sabase pahale zarIra kA vikAsa hotA hai| isake bAda bhASA kA vikAsa hotA hai| ekendriya varga se jIva dvIndriya Adi vargoM meM pAdanyAsa karatA hai| ekendriya varga ke jIvoM meM bhASA kA vikAsa nahIM hai / bhASA kA vikAsa dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM meM hotA hai / bhASA ke vikAsa ke pazcAt mana ke vikAsa kA krama prApta hotA hai| isI krama se cleN| pahale mana kA nirodha, phira bhASA kA nirodha aura phira zarIra kA nirodha / zarIra kA hI eka sUkSma bhAga haizvAsa / phira usakA nirodha / Agama kahate haiM--maNajogaM niraMbhaI, vaIjogaM niraMbhaI, kAyajogaM nirNbhii| ayogAvasthA meM kevalI pahale manoyoga kA nirodha karatA hai, mAnasika caMcalatA kA nirodha karatA hai| phira vaha vacana yoga kA nirodha karatA hai, vacana kI caMcalatA kA nirodha karatA hai aura phira kAyayoga kA nirodha karatA hai, zarIra kI caMcalatA kA nirodha karatA hai| sabake anta meM vaha 'ANApANaM niraMbhaI'-zvAsa-pravAsa kA nirodha karatA hai, zvAsa kI caMcalatA kA nirodha karatA hai| jaba ina sabakA nirodha hotA hai taba karma-paramANuoM kA bhI nirodha hone para duHkha kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| sundara krama hai| vaha isa prakAra hai * mana ke paramANuoM kA nirodha / 0 vacana ke paramANuoM kA nirodha / 0 zarIra ke paramANuoM kA nirodha / 0 zvAsa-prazvAsa ke paramANuoM kA nirodha / 0 karma ke paramANuoM kA nirodha / 0 duHkha kA nirodh| isI kA nAma h-sNym| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa AcAra kA pratipAdana kiyA usake teraha mUlabhUta aMga hai-pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samitiyAM aura tIna guptiyAM / ye sAre aMga saMyama ke AdhAra para vikasita hue haiN| asaMyama se duHkha hotA hai| isako hama ina zabdoM meM bhI kaha sakate haiM0 mana kI caMcalatA se duHkha hotA hai| 0 vANI kI caMcalatA se duHkha hotA hai| 0 zarIra kI caMcalatA se duHkha hotA hai| * zvAsa kI caMcalatA se duHkha hotA hai|

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56 manana aura mUlyAMkana o karma-paramANuoM kI caMcalatA se duHkha hotA hai / saMskAroM kI caMcalatA se dukha hotA hai| ye sAre asaMyama ke sAdhana haiM / duHkha kA nirodha inake pratipakSa se hotA hai* duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai mana kI acaMcalatA se / 0 duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai vANI kI acaMcalatA se / * duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai zarIra kI acaMcalatA se / O duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai zvAsa kI acaMcalatA se / * duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai karma - paramANuoM kI yA pUrvakRta saMskAroM kI acaMcalatA se / yahI saMyama hai / - (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke AdhAra para dUsarA pravacana - lADanUM 4-1-79 ) -

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5. yogadarzana kA hRdaya eka hai samAdhi kI dhArA aura dUsarI hai asamAdhi kI dhArA |asmaadhi kI dhArA meM citta ko samAdhAna nahIM milatA, jijJAsA ko samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| jJAnAtmaka, sukhAtmaka aura jAgRtimUlaka samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| vyakti jAnanA cAhatA hai, usameM jijJAsA hotI hai, kintu jJAna kA AvaraNa hai, use samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| vyakti-Ananda meM rahanA cAhatA hai, sukha cAhatA hai, duHkha nahIM cAhatA, kintu mUrchA yA moha kA eka aisA saghana valaya hai ki use Ananda kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, sukha kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| vyakti zakti-saMpanna honA cAhatA hai kintu eka aisI bAdhA hai jo use zakti-saMpanna hone nahIM detii| ye sAre vighna asamAdhi ke ghaTaka haiN| jJAnAvaraNa ke kAraNa jJAna kI samAdhi meM vighna, mUrchA ke kAraNa sukha yA Ananda meM vighna aura antarAya ke kAraNa zakti meM vighna hotA hai| isa sthiti meM jJAna kI samAdhi nahIM hotI, Ananda kI samAdhi upalabdha nahIM hotI aura zakti kA samAdhAna bhI nahIM miltaa| isa asamAdhi kI sthati ne eka nayI dizA kA udghATana kiyaa| manuSya ne samAdhi kI khoja prAraMbha kii| viparIta dizA kI khoja sadA hI caramabindu se prAraMbha hotI hai| jaba manuSya asamAdhi ke carama-bindu para pahuMcA taba use dizA parivartana kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| saMsAra meM koI bhI dizA aisI nahIM hai, jisakI virodhI dizA na ho| eka hI dizA ho, yaha jagat kA niyama nahIM hai| jagat kA aTala niyama hai-do virodhI dizAoM kA honaa| do dizAoM ke hone kA artha hai-eka dizA ke viparIta dizA kA honA / viparIta dizA na ho to eka kA astitva nahIM ho sktaa| yadi ho bhI to hama nahIM jAna sakate / hama kisI bhI padArtha kA astitva jAnate haiM to vaha usake virodhI padArtha ke kAraNa jAnate haiN| sat vaha hai jisakA pratipakSa vidyamAna ho| jisakA pratipakSa nahIM hai, vaha sat nahIM ho sktaa| yaha viparIta dizA kA niyama zAzvata niyama hai| isakA koI apavAda nahIM hai| kintu viparIta dizA kI khoja taba hotI hai jaba eka dizA kA bindu bahuta ubhara jAtA hai| jaba asamAdhi kA bindu prasphuTa ho gayA, AdamI vahAM taka pahuMca gayA taba use samAdhi ke bindu ko khojane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| usane khoja prAraMbha kara dii|

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58 manana aura mUlyAMkana manuSya ke jIvana kI do dizAeM haiN| eka hai--samAdhi kI dizA aura dUsarI hai-asamAdhi kI dishaa| samAdhi kI dizA bhI hamAre hI prayatna se spaSTa hotI hai aura asamAdhi kI dizA bhI hamAre hI prayatna se spaSTa hotI hai| samAdhi ke bindu kI khoja ne tIna bAteM spaSTa kara dI1. jJAna kI asamAdhi miTa sakatI hai, jJAna kI samAdhi upalabdha ho sakatI hai| 2. sakha kI asamAdhi miTa sakatI hai, sukha kI samAdhi upalabdha ho sakatI hai| 3. zakti kA vyavadhAna miTa sakatA hai, zakti kI sphuraNA ho sakatI hai| isa khoja ke bAda una manISI sAdhakoM ne apane upalabdha satyoM kA pradipAdana kiyaa| ve satya aneka bhASAoM aura aneka paddhatiyoM meM, rUpaka meM yA spaSTa rUpa meM abhivyakta hue haiN| bhAratIya anubhava-zAstra meM jo anubhava pratipAdita hue haiM unameM pataMjali kA yogadarzana eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai|' yogazAstra ko yadi hama yogazAstra ke rUpa meM hI dekheMge to pUrA jJAna nahIM hogaa| yadi bauddha, jaina, sAMkhya aura upaniSad-ina cAroM ke saMdarbha meM pataMjali ke yogasUtra ko par3hate haiM to usakA pUrA hArda samajha meM A jAtA hai / yaha yogasUtra zramaNa-paramparA kA graMtha hai| yaha sAMkhya-darzana kA grantha hai, sAMkhya-darzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA graMntha hai / jisa yuga meM yaha grantha racA gayA, usa yuga meM sAMkhya-darzana vaidika nahIM thaa|. vaha zramaNa-paramparA kA darzana thaa| parivrAjakoM kA darzana thaa| uttarakAla meM isakA arddhavaidikIkaraNa huA aura dhIre-dhIre vaidikIkaraNa ho gyaa| Aja vaha vaidika darzana mAnA jAtA hai / yathArtha meM yaha zramaNa-paraMparA kA grantha hai / isake vistAra meM maiM nahIM jAUMgA, kintu itanA avazya kahanA cAhUMgA ki isako samajhane ke lie. jaina aura bauddha sAhitya kA adhyayana nitAnta jarUrI hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA ne 'samAhi' (samAdhi) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| donoM kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA yaha mahattvapUrNa zabda thaa| eka hai samAdhi kA jagat aura eka hai asamAdhi kA jagat / asamAdhi kA jagat samAdhAnazUnya jagat hai| vahAM na indriyoM kA samAdhAna hai, na mana kA samAdhAna hai aura na citta kA samAdhAna hai| dUsarA samAdhi kA jagat hai / vahAM indriya, mana aura citta kA samAdhAna hai| samAdhi zabda vyApaka thaa| sArI sAdhanA isameM garbhita thii| yaha sAdhanA kA pratIka-zabda thaa| isake bAda isa artha kA vAcaka koI zabda pracalita nahIM huaa| pataMjali ne 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| aisA nahIM hai ki yoga zabda isase pUrva pracalita nahIM thA, kintu samAdhi ke artha meM yoga zabda kA pracalana pataMjali ne kiyaa| pataMjali ne kahA, yogazcittavRttinirodhaH / / yoga kA artha hai-samAdhi / cittavRtti kA nirodha arthAt samAdhi / yoga, aura samAdhi-donoM zabda ekArthaka haiN| yoga zabda 'yuj samAdhau' dhAtu se banA hai|

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yogadarzana kA hRdaya 56 yuj dhAtu samAdhi ke artha meM hai / 'yuja' nar yoge -- isa dhAtu kA artha hai-- jor3anA / samAdhi kA artha isase niSpanna nahIM hotA / kintu yoga kA yaha artha bhI cala par3A / yoga kA adhyAtmasparzI yA bhAvanAsparzI jo artha hai, vaha hai-samAdhi / yahI isakA mUla artha hai / samAdhi arthAt yoga aura yoga arthAt samAdhi | yogazcittavRttinirodhaH yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, aura samAdhizcittavRttinirodhaH - yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai / dhIre-dhIre samAdhi zabda chUTatA gayA aura yoga zabda adhika vyavahRta hotA gayA / prAcIna samaya meM bhAvanAyoga, saMvarayoga Adi zabda pracalita the, kintu 'yoga' zabda svataMtra rUpa meM isa artha meM pracalita nahIM thaa| jainoM ne isa artha meM yoga zabda kA pracalana nahIM kiyA, isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina - paramparA meM 'yoga' zabda kA prasiddha artha hai - mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti / ina tInoM prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA saMgrAhaka zabda hai-- yoga | yaha zabda vahAM pravRtti vAcaka hai aura samAdhi ke artha meM prayukta yoga zabda nivRtti vAcaka hai / jaina- sAdhanA-paddhati meM 'ayoga' zabda pracalita hai / jaise-jaise sAdhanA Age bar3hatI hai, vaise-vaise ayoga kI avasthA prApta hotI jAtI hai| pataMjali kA 'yoga' aura jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati kA 'ayoga' - ye donoM eka artha meM calate haiM / sAdhanA kI vikasita avasthA meM samAdhi, samAdhAna, samAhita - ina zabdoM kA adhika prayoga milegA / jaise-jaise pataMjali ke yoga kI dizA meM vikAsa karate haiM vaise-vaise jainasAdhanA-paddhati ke ' ayoga' kI sAdhanA meM vikAsa karate haiN| yoga zabda samAdhi hI artha detA hai / sAdhanA kA pahalA bindu hai - samAdhi kA anubhava, samAdhi ko upalabdha honA / paraMtu prazna yaha hai ki samAdhi kI upalabdhi kaba ho sakatI hai ? manuSya vRttiyoM ke sAtha jItA hai / usakA sArA vyavahAra pratikriyA ke sAtha calatA hai / vRtti aura pratikriyA -- ina donoM meM koI arthabheda nahIM hai / jitanI vRttiyAM haiM, ve saba pratikriyAeM haiM / kriyA hai apanA svataMtra astitva, svataMtra anubhava / svarUpAnubhava--yaha hai kriyA / vRtti - saMvalita AcaraNa hai-- pratikriyA / vRttiyoM se prabhAvita sArA AcaraNa pratikriyA hai / pratikriyA kI nivRtti se hI samAdhi kA prAraMbha hotA hai / pratikriyA kA jIvana asamAdhi kA jIvana hai / pataMjali ne pahale sUtra meM hI yaha spaSTa nirdeza de diyA ki citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha yoga haiM, samAdhi hai / hamArA samUcA jIvana vRttiyoM kA jIvana hai aura hai hI kyA ? eka cakra hai| eka vRtti nIce jAtI hai, dUsarI Upara A jAtI hai / eka vRtti gauNa hotI hai, dUsarI mukhya bana jAtI hai / jo mukhya hai vaha gauNa aura jo gauNa hai vaha mukhya ---- yaha cakra niraMtara calatA rahatA hai / kabhI baMda nahIM hotA / jaina AcAryoM ne ise bahuta spaSTa kiyA hai, saMsArI AtmA isa zarIra meM nirantara ghUmatI rahatI hai, cakrAkAra ghUmatI rahatI hai / khicar3I jaba pakAI jAtI hai taba usameM cAvala 1

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60 mana aura mUlyAMkana kabhI Upara AtA hai aura kabhI dAla Upara AtI hai / yaha krama calatA hai / vaise hI AtmA Upara-nIce ghUmatI rahatI hai| isako yadi vartamAna ke zarIra - zAstra aura yoga- zAstra ke sandarbha meM dekheM to bAta aura spaSTa ho jAtI hai| yoga ke AcAryoM ne batAyA ki jaba citta mUlAdhAra, svAdhiSThAna para jAtA hai taba vahAM kI vRttiyAM ( kAma, kodha, Aveza Adi) ubharatI haiM / maNipUra para citta jAtA hai to vahAM kI vRttiyAM uttejita hotI haiN| vartamAna zarIra zAstra kI dRSTi se kahA jAtA hai ki jaba citta eDrinala granthi se saMyukta hotA hai taba uttejanAeM ubharatI haiN| jaba citta gonADsa para jAtA hai taba kAma kI vRtti ubharatI hai / tInoM saMdarbhoM meM -- jIva ke spaMdana yA jo calAcala calatA hai usase, yoga kI dRSTi se citta kA cakroM ke pAsa jAne se aura zarIra zAstra kI dRSTi se citta kA gleNDsa ke pAsa jAne se - vRttiyoM meM taraMge uThatI haiM aura unameM ubhAra AtA hai / ye vRttiyAM nirantara calatI rahatI haiN| inakA cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai / vRtti eka hI prakAra kI nahIM rahatI / jisa vRtti kendra ke sAtha citta kA saMbaMdha jur3atA hai, ve vRttiyAM ubhara AtI haiM / ve mukhya bana jAtI haiM, zeSa gauNa ho jAtI haiM 1 / karmazAstrIya dRSTi se dekheM to virodhI karma eka sAtha vipAka meM nahIM Ate / sukhAnubhUti aura duHkhAnubhUti -- donoM virodhI vRttiyAM haiM, donoM eka sAtha nahIM hoMgI / sukha kI anubhUti hogI to usa samaya duHkha kI anubhUti gauNa ho jAegI, avipAka meM calI jAegI, anudaya kI avasthA meM calI jaaegii| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jisa samaya sukha kA anubhava hai usa samaya duHkha samApta ho gyaa| yadi samApta ho gayA to phira AegA kahAM se ? samApta nahIM huA kintu anudaya kI avasthA meM calA gayA / avipAka avasthA meM calA gyaa| jaba duHkha vipAka meM AtA hai taba sukha anudaya meM calA jAtA hai aura jaba sukha vipAka meM AtA hai taba duHkha anudaya meM calA jAtA hai / jisa samaya krodha kI vRtti tIvra hotI hai taba na lobha kA vipAka hotA hai aura na kAma kA / eka vRtti jaba bahuta tIvra hotI hai taba dUsarI sArI vRttiyAM daba jAtI haiM / taba lagatA hai ki mAnA vaha AdamI dUsarI vRttiyoM ke lie vItarAga bana gayA ho| koI vRtti nahIM satAtI / jaba atyanta priya vyakti se bhI kalaha ho jAtA hai taba sneha aura rAga kI vRttiyAM itanI zAMta-upazAMta ho jAtI haiM, mAno ki vyakti vItarAgatA meM jI rahA ho| vaha vItarAga nahIM hai kintu usa tat huI rAga kI vRtti ke kAraNa use vItarAga kahA jA sakatA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki do virodhI zaktiyAM - rAga aura dveSa, priyatA aura apriyatA -- eka sAtha sakriya nahIM hotIM, mukhya nahIM hotiiN| eka mukhya hogI to dUsarI gauNa ho jaaegii| yaha prakRti kA niyama hai ki aneka ko eka sAtha mukhyatA nahIM dI jA sakatI / eka vRtti mukhya hogI to zeSa sArI vRttiyAM gauNa ho jaaeNgii| koI-nakoI vRtti niraMtara banI rhegii| kabhI krodha kI vRtti jAgatI hai to kabhI abhimAna

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yogadarzana kA hRdaya 61 aura mAyA kI vRtti jAga jAtI hai / kabhI kapaTa kI vRtti jAgatI hai to kabhI vAsanA kI vRtti tIvra ho jAtI hai| eka ke bAda eka kI niraMtaratA banI rahatI hai / yaha niraMtaratA kabhI nahIM TUTatI / vRttiyAM aisA eka bhI kSaNa Ane nahIM detIM ki vyakti samAdhi meM calA jaae| ve apanI pakar3a ko kabhI zithila nahIM hone detIM / inakA bahuta bar3A surakSA vyUha hai / samAdhi ke pAsa vaisA surakSA vyUha nahIM hai / nIMda bhI eka vRtti hai / usameM anyAnya vRttiyAM ubharatI rahatI haiN| pataMjali ne pAMca vRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM nIMda eka vRtti hai / vaha bhI yadi apanA kAma kare to saMbhava hai vyakti sote-sote hI samAdhi meM calA jaae| vaha haradama paharA detI rahatI hai / vaha vyakti ko samAdhi meM nahIM jAne detI / yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai / vRttiyoM ke nirodha se samAdhi kI prApti hotI hai / nirodha kI zarta kaThora hai / jo satata gatimAna pravAha hai use rokanA yA tor3anA sarala nahIM hai / kintu isake sivAya koI vikalpa nahIM hai jo samAdhi ke jagat meM praveza karA sake / kevala yahI eka vikalpa hai - vRttiyoM kA nirodha hogA to yoga hogA, samAdhi hogI anyathA nahIM / vRttiyAM pAMca haiM - pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti / (pAtaM 01-6) jaina - paramparA meM dasa saMjJAoM kA ullekha hai 1. AhAra saMjJA 6. mAna saMjJA 2. bhaya saMjJA 3. maithuna saMjJA 4. prarigraha saMjJA 5. krodha saMjJA 7. mAyA saMjJA 8. lobha saMjJA 6. ogha saMjJA 10. loka saMjJA / pataMjali kA 'vRtti' zabda aura jaina paraMparA kA 'saMjJA' zabda - ekArthaka hai / tAtparya meM koI antara nahIM hai / citta kI vikasita yA avikasita avasthA meM bhI ye dasoM saMjJAeM hotI haiM / mana kA vikAsa aura citta kA vikAsa kevala manuSya meM hotA hai| pazu meM mana hotA hai, para usakA utanA vikAsa nahIM hotA, jitanA manuSya meM hotA hai| pAMca indriya vAloM se cAra indriya vAloM meM mana kA vikAsa kama hotA hai, usase kama tIna indriya vAloM meM, usase kama do indriya vAloM meM aura sabase kama eka indriya vAle prANiyoM meM hotA hai / ekendriya prANiyoM meM na mana kA vikAsa hai aura na citta kA vikAsa hai / phira bhI unameM vRttiyAM vidyamAna haiM / ve kabhI apanA sthAna nahIM chor3atIM / prANI kA sArA jIvana vRtti ke sahAre hI calatA hai / ve prANI jyAdA saMvedanazIla hote haiN| vanaspati ke jIva jitane saMvedanazIla haiM, manuSya utanA saMvedanazIla nahIM hai / jaise-jaise jJAna kA vikAsa hotA calA jAegA, vaise-vaise saMvedana kA dhAgA TUTatA jAegA / vanaspati jagat ke prANI saMvedanA ke dvArA jitane

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62 manana aura mUlyAMkana tathyoM ko pakar3ate haiM, utane tathya AdamI nahIM pakar3a sktaa| manuSya kA vikAsa jJAna kI dizA meM hone lagA, isalie usakI saMvedanA kama ho gaI, gati dhImI ho gii| jo vRttiyoM kI paridhi meM jItA hai, vaha adhika saMvedanazIla hotA hai| bhartRhari ne eka sundara zloka likhA hai 'AhAranidrAbhayamathunaM ca, sAmAnyametat pazubhirnarANAm / tatrApi dharmo hyadhiko vizeSo, dharmeNa hInAH pazubhiH smaanaaH|| zloka sAdhAraNa-sA hai| na isameM zabdoM kA cAkacikya hai aura na artha kI guuddh'taa| sAdhaka sIdhI-sAdI bAta kahatA hai| use sAdhaka bar3I mAnatA hai| buddhi ke bala para jIne vAlA ina bAtoM ko choTI mAnatA hai| use zabdoM kA ADaMbara caahie| kintu anubhava ke stara para pahuMcA huA AdamI isa zloka meM abhivyaMjita sacAI para mugdha ho jaaegaa| jIvana kI sArI sacAI zloka ke do caraNoM meM prakaTa kara dii| cAra saMjJAeM-AhAra saMjJA, bhaya saMjJA, maithuna-saMjJA aura parigraha-saMjJAsaba meM hotI haiM, phira cAhe vaha pazu ho yA manuSya / vRtti ke stara para jIne vAle sAre eka hI koTi ke hote haiN|' ekendriya prANI bhI vRtti ke stara para jItA hai aura manuSya bhI vRtti ke stara para jItA hai| ekendriya prANI bhI asamAdhi kA jIvana jItA hai aura manuSya bhI asamAdhi kA jIvana jItA hai| ekendriya prANI styAnaddhi nidrA meM hotA hai, macchita jIvana jItA hai| manuSya kI bhI yahI avasthA hai| donoM meM 'vizeSa antara nahIM hai| mAnasika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhale hI donoM meM antara ho parantu vRtti ke stara para donoM meM koI antara nahIM hai| manuSya bhI vaisA hI asamAdhi aura marchA kA jIvana jI rahA hai jaisA vanaspati ke prANI jI rahe haiN| eka mahattvapUrNa antara bhI hai donoM meN| manuSya vRtti-nirodha kI avasthA meM jA sakatA hai, 'pazu nahIM jA sktaa| manuSya kI eka vizeSatA hai ki vaha vRtti se haTakara jI sakatA hai| dUsare prANiyoM meM vaha kSamatA nahIM hotii| manuSya saMjJAtIta jIvana jI sakatA hai / AgamakAra ne isakA vAcaka zabda 'no-saMjJopayukta' diyA hai| eka hai"saMjJopayakta' jIvana aura dUsarA hai-'no-saMjJopayukta jIvana / jo vRtti kA jIvana hai vaha saMjJopayukta jIvana hai aura jo samAdhi kA jIvana hai, vaha no-saMjJopayukta jIvana hai| isa avasthA meM saMjJAeM vipAka meM nahIM rahatIM yA samApta ho jAtI haiN| jahAM saMjJAeM samApta ho jAtI haiM, vahAM vItarAgatA kA pUrA vikAsa ho jAtA hai| jahAM ye saMjJAeM upazAnta rahatI haiM, vahAM no-saMjJopayukta jIvana kA, vItarAga cetanA kA yA samAdhi kA prArambha hotA hai| eka hai-samAdhi kA carama-bindu aura eka hai-samAdhi kA aadi-bindu| jahAM vRttiyoM kA nirodha hotA hai, vahAM vibhAjana hotA hai| samAdhi kA bindU vibhAjana kA bindu hai| yahAM manuSya kI do zreNiyAM ho jAtI haiN| eka zreNI hotI hai una vyaktiyoM kI jo vRtti kA jIvana jIte haiM aura dUsarI zreNI hotI hai una

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yogadarzana kA hRdaya 63 vyaktiyoM kI jo vRtti-nirodha kA jIvana jIte haiN| eka haiM-asamAdhi meM jIne vAle aura dUsare haiM-samAdhi meM jIne vAle / pataMjali ne samUce yogadarzana meM isI bindu ko spaSTa kiyA hai ki vyakti isa samAdhi ke bindu para kaise jI sakatA hai ? kaise gatizIla ho sakatA ha ? isa pahale sUtra 'yogazcittavRttinirodhaH' meM unakA samUcA yoga-darzana A jAtA hai| prazna hotA hai ki eka sAtha vRttiyoM kA nirodha sabhava hai ? yaha prazna bahuta jaTila hai| prazikSaNa lete-lete, paripakva hote-hote, eka sainika agrima morce para lar3ane ke lie sakSama ho sakatA hai, kintu Aja hI sainika banA aura Aja hI agrima morce para lar3ane calA jAe to marane ke atirikta aura kucha zeSa nahIM rhtaa| vaha svayaM maratA hai aura dUsaroM ko parAjaya meM Dhakela detA hai| isI prakAra koI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praveza karatA hai aura use usI dina kahA jAe ki tuma vRttiyoM kA nirodha karo, to use parAjita karanA hai| phira isa bAta ko samAhita karane ke lie pataMjali ko vistAra denA pdd'aa| unhoMne kahA-cittavRtti kA nirodha hone se samAdhi hotI hai, yaha zata-pratizata sahI hai, kintu cittavRtti kA nirodha sAdhanA meM praveza karate hI nahIM ho jaataa| isalie use citta kI pAMca bhUmikAoM ko samajhanA caahie| ve pAMca bhUmikAeM haiM--kSipta, mUr3ha, vikSipta, ekAgra aura niruddha / kSipta avasthA aura mUr3ha avasthA samAdhi ke lie upayukta nahIM hai| vikSipta avasthA meM jhUThI samAdhi bhI sahI lagatI hai| usameM kabhI-kabhI sahI samAdhi kI jhalaka A sakatI hai| vaha sthAyI nahIM hotii| AcArya hemacandra ke zabdoM meM yaha 'yAtAyAta' avasthA hai| kabhI AdamI bhItara jAtA hai aura kabhI vAhara AtA hai| isa avasthA meM yaha krama calatA rahatA hai| jaba koI vyakti sAdhanA kA abhyAsa karatA hai taba vaha isI avasthA se gujaratA hai / dIrghazvAsa-prekSA ke prayoga meM citta usase jur3atA hai, bichur3atA hai| usakA yAtAyAta prArambha ho jAtA hai| isase itanA lAbha to avazya hI ho jAtA hai ki jo citta bAhara-hI-bAhara bhaTakatA thA, vaha bhItara jAne meM bhI abhyasta ho jAtA hai| jo sadA caMcala hI rahatA thA, aba vaha kisI ke sAtha jur3ane lagatA hai| yaha bhI bahuta mahattva kI bAta nahIM hai| / citta kI cauthI bhUmikA hai-ekAgratA / yaha jaba upalabdha hotI hai taba vAstava meM sAdhanA prArambha hotI hai| ekAgratA meM citta kA nirodha hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotA / isa avasthA meM aneka vRttiyoM kA nirodha hotA hai, kintu eka vRtti kA AlaMbana bhI rahatA hai| pataMjali yadi kaha dete-'yogaHsarvacittavRttinirodhaH' to samasyA khar3I ho jaatii| koI bhI vyakti sAdhanA ko prArambha karane ke taiyAra nahIM hotA / koI bhI vyakti yoga meM praveza karane kA sAhasa nahIM karatA kyoMki pahale hI caraNa meM yaha bAta A jAtI hai ki saba pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karoge to samAdhi upalabdha hogI, anyathA nhiiN| na saba vRttiyoM kA nirodha sambhava hai aura na samAdhi

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64 manana aura mUlyAMkana sambhava hai| pataMjali ne yaha nahIM likhA ki saba pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA hai| unhoMne kevala likhA--vRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA hai| 'sarva' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA, isalie sAdhaka ke lie bahuta bar3A avakAza raha gyaa| sabhI vRttiyoM kA nirodha eka sAtha kabhI sambhava nahIM hai| pahale kisI eka vRtti kA sahArA lo, abhyAsa prArambha kro| 'viSasya viSamauSadham'---yahI siddhAnta isameM bhI kAragara hotA hai / saMkhiyA svayaM viSa hai, kintu usakA upayoga viSa-nivRtti ke lie hotA hai| viSa ko miTAne ke lie viSa kA hI upyog| vRttiyoM kA nirodha do bhAgoM meM baMTa gyaa| eka hai-saba vRttiyoM kA nirodha aura dUsarA hai--kisI eka vRtti kA AlaMbana lekara vRtti kA nirodha / pahalA nirodha hai aura dUsarA ekaagrtaa| donoM meM antara hai| bhASyakAra likhate haiM--'ekAgratA nirodhamabhimukhaM karoti'-~-ekAgratA nirodha ko abhimukha karatI hai| vaha nirodha kI ora le jAtI hai| gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA- "bhaMte ! egaggasanniveseNaM jIve ki jaNayaI"-- bhante ! ekAgrasanniveSaNa se kyA upalabdha hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne kahA-"citta ko kisI eka AlaMbana para TikAne se citta kA nirodha hotA hai| ekAgratA jitanI puSTa hotI hai, citta kA nirodha bhI utanA hI hotA calA jAtA hai / ekAgratA kA jo prArambhika bindu hai vaha vRtti-nirodha kA prAraMbhika bindu hai| jaise hI ekAgratA parAkASThA para pahuMcatI hai, ekAgratA kI bhUmikA samApta ho jAtI hai aura nirodha kI bhUmikA prApta ho jAtI hai / vRtti kA AlaMbana bhI chUTa jAtA hai| nirAlaMbana sthiti A jAtI hai| jahAM kisI vRtti kA AlaMbana nahIM rahatA vahAM cetanA kI nirAlaMbana sthiti hotI hai| yaha nirodha kI sthiti hai| pahale ekAgratA kI samAdhi prApta hotI hai aura phira nirodha kI smaadhi| pahalA samprajJAta yoga hai aura dUsarA asamprajJAta yoga hai| samprajJAta yoga meM vRtti kA AlaMbana rahatA hai aura asamprajJAta yoga meM vRtti kA AlaMbana chUTa jAtA hai / ise nirbIja samAdhi bhI kahate haiN| yahAM koI bIja yA hetu zeSa nahIM rhtaa| vRtti-nirodha ke jIvana meM 'svarUpAvasthAnaM' hotA hai --AtmA apane zuddha caitanya ke anubhava meM sthita ho jAtI hai| jaina paramparA kA sUtra hai - je aNaNNadaMsI se aNaNNArAme-jo ananya - AtmA ko dekhatA hai, kevala caitanya kA anubhava karatA hai, rAga-dveSa se mukta rahatA hai, vaha ananya meM AramaNa karane vAlA ananya-darzI hotA hai / jo ananya ko dekhatA hai vaha ananya meM AramaNa karatA hai| pataMjali kI bhI yahI bhASA hai-'tadA draSTuH svarUpe'vasthAna' (pAtaM0 1-3) / usa avasthA meM jo draSTA hai vaha svarUpa meM avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI hai samAdhi kI avsthaa| caitanya kA anubhava hue binA, Atma-svarUpa kA anubhava hue binA, rAgadveSa-mukta kSaNa jIye binA samAdhi kI avasthA upalabdha nahIM hotii| na ekAgratA

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yogadarzana kA hRdaya 65 kI samAdhi prApta hotI hai aura na nirodha kI samAdhi prApta hotI hai| ekAgratA kI samAdhi citta kA parikarma hue binA bhI prApta ho sakatI hai, kintu nirodha kI samAdhi meM citta kI Atyantika nirmalatA apekSita hotI hai| eka zikArI apane zikAra para nizAnA sAdhatA hai, yaha bhI ekAgratA kI samAdhi hai| kintu isameM citta kA parikarma nahIM hai, rAga-dveSa kI zUnyatA nahIM hai / isalie yaha sAdhanA kI samAdhi nahIM hai, mUrchA kI samAdhi hai, nIMda kI samAdhi hai| nirodha kI samAdhi caitanya kI samAdhi hai, jAgRta samAdhi hai / yaha samAdhi upalabdha hotI hai svarUpa kI avasthiti meM jaba citta kA pUrNa parikarma ho jAtA hai| pataMjali ke yoga-darzana' meM eka pAda hai-sAdhanA-pAda / usameM citta-parikarma ke upAya nirdiSTa haiM / citta samAdhi ke yogya kaise bana sakatA hai ? citta kA parikarma kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'parikarma' zabda usa samaya kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha zabda pracalita rahA hai| isakA artha hai-saMvAranA, mAMjanA, sApha krnaa| sone ko tapA-galAkara usakA parikarma kiyA jAtA hai| usakI bhI eka nizcita prakriyA hai| citta ke parikarma kI prakriyA samAdhi kI prakriyA hai| jaba vyakti samAdhi ke jIvana meM nahIM hotA usa samaya vRtti-sArUpya hotA hai| hama bahuta bAra dekhate haiM ki AdamI prAtaHkAla bahuta snehila hotA hai| jaise-jaise dina kI garmI bar3hatI hai, usake dimAga kI bhI garmI bar3hatI hai aura sAMjha hote-hote vaha jhagar3AlU vRtti kA ho jAtA hai| yaha kyoM hotA hai ? prAtaH aura sAyaM meM itanA antara kyoM AtA hai ? isakA mUla kAraNa hai-vRttisArUpya / vyakti kucha bhI nahIM hai| vaha korA yantra hai| vaha kevala Tepa-rikArDara hai| vaha vRttiyoM kA dAsa hai| vRttiyAM jaisA karAtI haiM vyakti vaise hI AcaraNa karane laga jAtA hai| vaha gAlI detA hai to kyA usakI vANI kA doSa hai ? vaha jhUTha bolatA hai to kyA vaha usakI vANI kA doSa hai ? nahIM, vANI kA koI doSa nahIM hai / gAlI bhI vRtti dilavA rahI hai aura jhUTha bhI vRtti kA hI kArya hai| vANI kevala mAdhyama hai| AdamI prema bhI vRtti ke kAraNa karatA hai aura dveSa bhI vRtti ke kAraNa karatA hai| mana bhI yantra hai, vANI bhI yantra hai aura zarIra bhI yantra hai| tInoM vRtti ke adhIna haiN| jaba taka vRttiyAM haiM taba taka ye tInoM yantra svatantra kArya nahIM kara sakate / jaisA vRtti karAtI hai, vaisA kara dete haiN| vRtti jaba jAgatI hai taba vyakti kA AcaraNa vaisA hI hone laga jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vyakti ko pahacAna pAnA sabase kaThina kAma hai| jo vyakti yuvAvasthA meM vizuddha AcaraNa vAlA hotA hai vaha kabhI-kabhI vRddhAvasthA meM patita ho jAtA hai| jo Aja bure AcaraNa kara rahA hai vaha kala sAdhu bhI bana sakatA hai, banatA hai| jo Aja sAdhu hai vaha kala sAdhutA se gira bhI sakatA hai| hamArA jIvana vRttisArUpya kA jIvana hai| yaha pUrA asamAdhi kA jIvana hai| cittavRtti ke jo do pariNAma yA do avasthAeM hai, yogadarzana meM unakA sundara

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66 manana aura mUlyAMkana vivecana milatA hai| do prakAra kA jIvana hai / eka hai-vRttiyoM se saMzliSTa jIvana aura dUsarA hai-vRttizUnya jiivn| vRttiyoM se saMzliSTa jIvana vRttisArUpya kA jIvana hai, saMjJAoM kA jIvana hai| vRttizUnya jIvana no-saMjJopayukta yA saMjJAzUnya jIvana hai| jaba hamArI cetanA kI pravRtti saMjJA meM hotI hai taba hama saMjJopayukta hote haiM, vRttisArUpya kA jIvana jIte haiN| jaba cetanA kI pravRtti cetanA meM hI hotI hai taba no-saMjJopayukta jIvana jIte haiN| jIvana kI do dhArAeM haiM-samAdhi aura asamAdhi / asamAdhi kI dhArA meM jIne vAle vyakti ko kaise pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhi kI dhArA meM jIne vAle vyakti ko kaise pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ? cittavRtti kA nirodha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ekAgratA se prArambha kara nirodha kI bhUmikA taka kaise pahuMcA jA sakatA hai ? yogadarzana kA hArda ina cAra sUtroM (praznoM ke uttaroM) meM spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jo hArda ko jAna letA hai, usake lie samUce zarIra kI yAtrA sahaja ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana ke hArda ko jAna lene para, usakA pArAyaNa sahaja ho jAtA hai| (pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke AdhAra para-pahalA pravacana-lADanUM 30-12-76)

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6. vibhUtipAda pAtaMjala yogadarzana kA tIsarA pAda hai-vibhuutipaad| isameM vibhUti kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vaibhava kevala padArtha kA hI nahIM hotA, vaha vyakti kI AMtarika zaktiyoM kA bhI hotA hai| jaina AgamoM meM do prakAra ke manuSya batalAye gae haiM-RddhimAn aura a-RddhimAn / jinameM Antarika vizeSatAeM jAga jAtI haiM, Antarika zaktiyAM vikasita ho jAtI haiM, jJAna kI vizeSatA aura kriyA kI vizeSatA paidA ho jAtI hai, ve puruSa RddhimAn kahalAte haiN| jinakI Antarika kSamatAeM jAgRta nahIM hotIM ve a-RddhimAna hote haiN| jisa artha meM 'Rddhi' zabda kA prayoga hai jaina-sAhitya meM, usI artha meM pataMjali ne 'vibhUti' zabda kA prayoga kiyA / Antarika vibhUti yA Rddhi kaise vikasita hotI hai, isakI prakriyA bhI jAna lenI jarUrI hai| pataMjali ne yogadarzana ke dUsare pAda meM yoga ke yama, niyama Adi pAMca aMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa vibhUtipAda meM yoga ke tIna aMgoM-dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA nirUpaNa hai| isa pAda ke pacapana sUtra haiN| unameM prathama pAMca sUtroM meM 'saMyama' pratipAdita hai| kintu saMyama kI koI spaSTa paribhASA vahAM nahIM hai| yogadarzana ko par3hane kI Aja sabase bar3I samasyA bhI yahI hai ki paribhASAeM nahIM milatI aura bhASyakAra ne jo paribhASAeM kI haiM unako par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki svayaM bhASyakAra ulajhe hue haiM, spaSTa nahIM haiN| ve svayaM bhI nahIM samajha pA rahe haiN| unhoMne likhA hai'trayamekatra saMyamaH'-dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi- ina tInoM kA eka sAtha yoga honA saMyama hai| kiMtu saMyama kyA hai, isakI koI spaSTa paribhASA nahIM hai| isa kaThinAI ko sulajhAne ke lie hameM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI jarUrata hotI hai| jaina, bauddha tathA yoga kI paramparA aura vaidika paramparA-ina sabakA yadi tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAe to eka kI kamI dUsare meM pUrI ho jAtI hai| kisI meM kucha nahIM milatA aura kisI meM kucha nahIM miltaa| sarvatra aisI kamiyAM pratIta hotI haiN| kintu eka paramparA, dUsarI paramparA kI pUraka bana jAtI hai| jainaparamparA meM yA jaina-sAdhanA paddhati meM saMyama kI bahuta sundara paribhASA milatI hai| 'savaNe nANe vinnANe, paccakkhANe ya saMyameM'-pratyAkhyAna se saMyama hotA hai| zarIra

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68 manana aura mUlyAMkana kI ceSTA kA pratyAkhyAna, vANI kA pratyAkhyAna, mana kI sArI vRttiyoM kA pratyAkhyAna, saMskAroM kA pratyAkhyAna karanA saMyama hai| pratyAkhyAna kI niSpatti hai-saMyama / pratyAkhyAna ke binA saMyama nahIM hotaa| saMyama ke pUrva meM hai-pratyAkhyAna aura saMyama ke uttara meM hai-anAzrava / jaba taka Azravana hotA hai taba taka viziSTa zaktiyAM jAgRta nahIM hotii| viziSTa zaktiyoM ke jAgaraNa ke lie anAzrava kI sthiti Avazyaka hai| kucha bhI bAhara se jhara nahIM rahA hai| yaha hai-anAzrava / saMyama kA phala hai-anAzrava aura saMyama kA rUpa hai-pratyAkhyAna / saMyama se anAzrava prApta hotA hai| bAhara kA saba kucha ruka jAtA hai| jaba anAzrava hotA hai taba saMvara kI sthiti banatI hai| saMvara aise hI nahIM ho jaataa| mana kA saMvara, vANI kA saMvara, kAyA kA saMvara, indriyoM kA saMvara, koI bhI saMvara ho, saMvara se pahale anAzrava hotA hai| anAva ke lie saMvara honA jarUrI hai| saMyama eka sAdhanA kI prakriyA hai| saMvara usakI sahaja niSpatti hai| mana kA saMyama kiyA, isakA artha hai ki mana kI pravRttiyoM kA pratyAkhyAna kiyaa| jaba mana kI pravRttiyoM kA pratyAkhyAna hotA hai taba mana kA saMyama sadhatA hai| jaba mana kA saMyama sadha gayA to Azrava ruka gayA, anAzrava ho gyaa| anAva huA to mana kA saMvara ho gyaa| saMyama kI paribhASA ko samajhane ke lie pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, anAzrava aura saMvara-ina cAroM ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| yaha pUrI prakriyA hai| jaba saMvara kI sthiti AtI hai taba Antarika RddhiyAM aura vibhUtiyAM jAgatI haiN| . maharSi pataMjali ne cAra sUtroM meM saMyama kI sthiti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi-ye tInoM jaba eka sAtha ho jAte haiM taba saMyama kI sthiti banatI hai| isakA artha hai-pratyAkhyAna ho gyaa| dhAraNA meM pratyAkhyAna hai, dhyAna meM pratyAkhyAna hai aura samAdhi meM pratyAkhyAna hai| pratyAkhyAna kI mAtrA jaise-jaise bar3hatI jAtI hai vaise-vaise hI saMyama kI bhUmikA bhI puSTa hotI calI jAtI hai| dhAraNA meM pratyAkhyAna hotA hai, kintu carama-bindu kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM hotaa| eka sthiti para citta ko TikA diyA, itanA ho gayA, kintu citta kI tanmayatA dhyeya ke sAtha nahIM hotii| dhyAna meM pratyAkhyAna kA kucha aura vikAsa hotA hai aura samAdhi meM pUrA pratyAkhyAna hokara dhyeya ke sAtha pUrI tanmayatA bana jAtI hai| dhyAna taka pUrI tanmayatA nahIM hotii| dhyeya ke sAtha dUrI banI-kI-banI rahatI hai| dhyeya aura dhyAna yA dhyAtA ke bIca meM vyavadhAna banA rahatA hai| samAdhi meM abheda-praNidhAna ho jAtA hai, dUrI samApta ho jAtI hai, taTasthatA yA tanmayatA A jAtI hai| isalie dhAraNA kA utkarSa hai-dhyAna aura dhyAna kA utkarSa hai-smaadhi| vAstava meM tInoM pRthak tattva nahIM haiN| tInoM eka hI haiN| kintu mAtrA kA bheda hai| jaise-jaise pratyAkhyAna kI mAtrA puSTa hotI calI jAtI hai vaise-vaise dhAraNA dhyAna meM badala jAtI hai aura dhyAna samAdhi meM badala jAtA hai

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. vibhUtipAda 66 aura jaba samAdhi kI avasthA A jAtI hai taba saMyama pUrA bana jAtA hai| dhAraNA bhI saMyama hai, dhyAna aura samAdhi bhI saMyama hai| yaha jo kahA gayA hai ki tInoM eka sthAna meM hote haiM taba saMyama hotA hai, isase Apa yaha na mAne ki tInoM eka sAtha hote haiN| eka sAtha ho hI nahIM sakate kyoMki jaba dhyAna hai to phira dhAraNA kA koI artha nahIM hotaa| jaba samAdhi hai taba dhAraNA aura dhyAna kA koI artha nahIM hotaa| tInoM eka sAtha nahIM ho skte| inameM uttaravartitA hai| dhAraNA ke bAda dhyAna hotA hai aura dhyAna ke bAda samAdhi hotI hai| ve eka sAtha ho nahIM skte| kintu tInoM eka sAtha hote haiM-yaha kahane kA artha hai ki jisa dhyeya para pahale dhAraNA kI, dhyAna kiyA aura phira samAdhi kI to vaha saMyama pUrA ho gyaa| dhAraNA bhI saMyama hai, dhyAna bhI saMyama hai aura samAdhi bhI saMyama hai| tInoM saMyama. haiM, kintu saMyama kI parAkASThA samAdhi kI avasthA meM AtI hai| vahAM pUrA saMyama sadha jAtA hai| prastuta pAda ke prathama cAra sUtroM meM saMyama kI bhUmikAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura kramika vikAsa kI bAta bhI batalAyI gaI hai| pAMcavAM sUtra hai-'tajjayAtprajJAloka :'-- isameM saMyama kA phala batalAyA gayA hai| jaise-jaise saMyama bar3hatA hai vaise-vaise prajJA kA Aloka bar3hatA jAtA hai| prajJA saMyama se jAgatI hai| buddhi kA vikAsa par3hane se hotA hai, zruta ke adhyayana se hotA hai aura prajJA kA vikAsa dhyAna se hotA hai| do bhinna sthitiyAM haiN| prajJA koI bauddhika vikAsa nahIM hai| yaha sva-saMvedana yA svAnubhava kA vikAsa hai| jaba pUchA gayA ki tattva kisase jJAta hotA hai ? to uttara milA-'paNNA samikkhae dhmm|' prajJA ke dvArA tattva kA vinizcaya prApta hotA hai| pUchA ki AtmA ko kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? uttara milA-prajJA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha prajJA buddhi se pare kA tattva hai| indriya, mana aura buddhi-inase pare jo sAkSAtkAra kI cetanA jAgatI hai, jisa cetanA meM parokSa samApta ho jAtA hai aura sAkSAtkAra prAraMbha hotA hai, usa cetanA kA nAma hai-prjnyaa| atIndriya jJAnI ke lie 'prajJa' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| kozakAra prajJA aura buddhi ekArthaka mAna lete haiN| kintu koza kA vargIkaraNa bahuta sthUla hotA hai| jitane paryAyavAcI nAma batalAte haiM ve vastutaH paryAyavAcI hote hI nahIM haiN| samabhirUr3ha naya kI dRSTi se koI bhI zabda paryAyavAcI hotA hI nhiiN| pratyeka zabda kA apanA artha hotA hai| paryAyavAcI yA ekArthaka kA vargIkaraNa bahuta sthUla hai aura kevala sthUla buddhi vAloM ke lie hai| vAstava meM hara zabda kA apanA artha hotA hai aura apanA vAcya hotA hai / prajJA kA apanA eka viziSTa artha hai| isakA sambandha adhyAtma se hai| buddhi taka kI hamArI bhUmikA bAhya jagat kI bhUmikA hai, sthUla jagat yA bhautika jagat kI bhUmikA hai, kintu jahAM prajJA zabda kA prayoga hotA hai vahAM se adhyAtma-jagat yA atIndriya-jagat prAraMbha hotA hai| yadi atIndriya-jagat kA jJAna, sUkSma-padArtha

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70 manana aura mUlyAMkana kA jJAna na ho to prajJA kA koI artha nahIM hotA, koI prayoga bhI nahIM hotaa| prajJA kA Aloka Antarika cetanA kA Aloka yA adhyAtma kA Aloka hai| yaha saMyama ke dvArA hI upalabdha hotA hai| yaha kisI adhyayana se upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yaha nitAnta saMyama se upalabdha hone vAlI cetanA hai| isalie ina cAroM sUtroM ke pazcAt pariNAma yaha batAyA ki saMyama ke abhyAsa se prajJA kA Aloka milatA hai| ___aba prazna hotA hai ki kitanI prajJA ? prajJA kI bhI maryAdA hai| isakI bhI kramika vikAsa kI sImAeM haiN| agale sUtra meM batalAyA gayA-'tasya bhUmiSu viniyogaH-prajJA kA pRthak-pRthak bhUmiyoM meM viniyoga hotA hai| prajJA kI sAta bhUmikAeM batalAI haiN| dUsare pAda meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jitanA saMyama, sadhatA hai utanI prajJA jAgatI hai| prajJA aura saMyama donoM kA vikAsa sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| prathama koTi kA saMyama, prathama koTi kI prajJA / dvitIya bhUmikA kA saMyama to dvitIya bhUmikA kI prjnyaa| saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha prajJA kA vikAsa hotA hai| mana.paryavajJAna kaba ho sakatA hai ? avadhijJAna kaba ho sakatA hai ? alaga-alaga saMyama kI bhUmikAeM haiM / saMyama kA jitanA vikAsa ho sakatA hai, usa para prajJA kA jAgaraNa nirbhara hai| apramatta saMyama kA vikAsa ho gayA to para-cittajJAna yA manaHparyavajJAna utpanna hogaa| yadi apramatta saMyama kI bhUmikA nahIM hai to para-cittajJAna nahIM ho sktaa| chaThe guNasthAna taka kI bhUmikA pramatta saMyamI kI bhUmikA hai| usameM para-cittajJAna nahIM ho sktaa| apramatta saMyamI kI bhUmikA meM, usa viziSTa saMyama meM, manaHparyavajJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai| atIndriya jJAna kA sArA vikAsa saMyama ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| kaivalya kaba hotA hai ? avadhijJAna kaba hotA hai ? mana paryava jJAna kaba hotA hai ? aura avadhijJAna kI viziSTa bhUmikAeM-dezAvadhi, sarvAvadhi kaba hotI haiM ? ina sabakA saMyama ke sAtha saMbaMdha hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA jitanI apramatta hotI hai, jitanI Antarika jAgarUkatA bar3hatI jAtI hai utanA hI AMtarika cetanA kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai, Antarika cetanA jAgatI jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa bhI hai ki buddhi taka kA jJAna hamAre mastiSka ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| isalie smRti, kalpanA aura ciMtana ke sAtha isakA sambandha hai| buddhi se pare kA jo jJAna hai usakA isa mastiSka ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| usakA sambandha jur3a jAtA hai-taijasa zarIra ke sAtha yAni lezyA ke sAtha, lezyA ke pariNAmoM ke sAtha / saMyama jitanA vikasita hotA hai, lezyA jitanI zuddha hotI hai utanA hI Antarika jJAna vikasita hotA jAtA hai / lezyA vizuddha huI, jAti-smRti jJAna paidA ho gyaa| yaha jAti-smRti eka vibhUti, eka Rddhi hai| lezyA vizuddha huI, avadhijJAna paidA huaa| ina sabakA sambandha lezyA ke sAtha jur3a jAtA hai, sUkSma-zarIra kI cetanA ke sAtha jur3a jAtA hai / sUkSma-zarIra ke sAtha jo cetanA kAma karatI hai, lezyA jitanI

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vibhUtipAda 71 nirmala hotI hai utanI hI Antarika cetanA vikasita hotI jAtI hai / yaha prajJA ke Aloka kI jo bAta batalAI hai, vaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / prajJA kA Aloka utanA hI hogA jitanI saMyama kI bhUmikA hogii| jisa prakAra kI saMyama kI bhUmikA hogI usI prakAra kI prajJA hogii| isameM eka nizcita krama hai, chalAMga nahIM hogI / saMyama kI pahalI bhUmikA siddha hogI to prajJA kA prathama rUpa vikasita hogA / aba aisA nahIM hotA ki saMyama kI pAMcavIM bhUmikA para koI sIdhA hI calA gayA / usako kramazaH sAdhanA par3egA / usakI dUsarI, tIsarI, cauthI bhUmikA AegI, kramika bhUmikA kA vikAsa hogA aura kramika hI prajJA kA vikAsa hogA / sAtaveM aura AThaveM sUtra meM antaraMga aura bahiraMga kI carcA hai, kyoMki dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi-- ye saba sAdhana haiM / vAstava meM yaha pAda sAdhana-pAda kA hI parizeSa hai / yaha vargIkaraNa kaise kiyA gayA, mujhe to Azcarya hotA hai| yaha sArA sAdhana - pAda meM hI jAnA cAhie thA / vAstava meM yaha dvitIya pAda kA parizeSa hI hai / isa prasaMga meM bahiraMga aura antaraMga kI carcA thI / aSTAMga yoga meM yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAra - ye pAMca bahiraMga haiM aura tIna-dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi - ye tIna antaraMga haiM / yaha eka vargIkaraNa hai| dUsarA vargIkaraNa yaha bhI hai-- nirbIja samAdhi kI dRSTi se dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi bhI bahiraMga haiN| usakA kAraNa hai ki jahAM nirbIja samAdhi upalabdha hotI hai vahAM phira koI sAdhana nahIM rahatA / sAdhana samApta ho jAte haiN| isalie yaha dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, usakI tulanA meM, bahiraMga hI bana jAte haiM / dharma sAdhanA kAla meM dharma hotA hai aura svabhAva meM jAkara svabhAva bana jAtA hai / sAdhanAkAla meM ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa - ye sAre sAdhana haiM kintu siddhikAla meM ye hI svabhAva bana jAte haiM / darzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH darzana, jJAna aura cAritra - ye sAdhana haiM sAdhanA kAla meM / siddhi-kAla meM ye AtmA ke svabhAva haiM / sAdhana vahI hotA hai jo svabhAva hotA hai aura sAdhana jaba apanA kArya kara cukatA hai taba sAdhana samApta ho jAtA hai aura vaha svabhAva meM badala jAtA hai| isalie parama samAdhi yA nirbIja samAdhi yA jaina bhASA meM kSAyikabhAva meM sAdhana samApta ho jAte haiM / phira sAdhana kI koI jarUrata nahIM hotI / ve svabhAva bana jAte haiM / isalie sAre ke sAre bahiraMga hote haiM / antaraMga to korA svabhAva hotA hai / sAdhana jitanA bhI hai, vaha sArA bahiraMga hI hogA, bAhara se svIkRta hogA, apanAyA gayA hogA / apanAyA gayA hai, isalie vaha sAdhana hotA hai aura vaha sArA bahiraMga hotA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha sahI hai ki kSAyopazamika bhAva taka sArA sAdhana bahiraMga hotA hai, kSAyikabhAva meM jaba jAte haiM to phira sAdhana svabhAva meM badala jAte haiM / ve kabhI samApta nahIM hote / kintu Aja isa antaraMga aura bahiraMga kI carcA ko spaSTa samajhane meM hI hameM kaThinAI ho rahI hai / pratyAhAra ko kyoM bahiraMga mAnA jAe ? pratyAhAra to bahuta Antarika

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72 manana aura mUlyAMkana kiyA hai / parantu yahI bAta jainoM kI tapasyA kI paddhati meM milatI hai / pratisaMlInatA kI bAhya tapa mAnA gayA hai / pratisaMlInatA bAhya tapa hai aura antaraMga tapa zurU hotA hai-- prAyacitta se / usameM dhyAna, samAdhi, vyutsarga Adi sAre A jAte haiM / yaha kaThinAI vahAM bhI hai / yahI prazna vahAM hai / pratisaMlInatA ko bAhya kyoM mAnA gayA ? pratyAhAra ko bahiraMga kyoM mAnA gayA ? eka bAta to mujhe lagatI haiM ki dhAraNA se jo krama zurU hotA hai usakA sambandha zarIra ke sAtha jur3a jAtA hai / pratisaMlInatA aura pratyAhAra kA bhI zarIra ke sAtha kama sambandha nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mujhe lagatA hai ki pratyAhAra kI prakriyA bhI spaSTa nahIM hai aura jo pataMjali kA pratyAhAra kA sUtra hai usakI vyAkhyA bhI spaSTa nahIM hai / indriyoM ko apane viSaya se haTA lenA yadi itanA hI pratyAhAra ho to tvacA ke pratyAhAra kI bAta samajha meM hI nahIM AtI, aura bhI indriyoM ke pratyAhAra kI bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| isalie dhAraNA aura dhyAna kA abhyAsa karane vAle mileMge kintu pratyAhAra kI sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka nahIM mileMge / patA hI nahIM hai isa krama kA ki kaise sAdhanA kI jAtI hai ? pratyAhAra kI bhI apanI eka sAdhanA hotI haiN| pUrI prakriyA hai pratyAhAra kI sAdhanA kI / kisI bhI jaina vyakti se pUchA jAe 1 kiM indriya pratisaMlInatA, kaSAya pratisaMlInatA aura yoga pratisaMlInatA kaise kI jAtI hai ? to ve batA nahIM paaeNge| unheM jJAta hI nahIM hai / pratisaMlInatA kA korA tAttvika rUpa hamAre sAmane hai, kintu usakA sAdhanAtmaka pahalU hamAre sAmane spaSTa nahIM hai / yahIM kaThinAI jaina-sAdhanA paddhati kI hai aura yahI kaThinAI yogadarzana kI hai| yogadarzana kI bhI bauddhika vyAkhyAeM to haiM kintu usakA sAdhanA kA pakSa Aja bhI rahasyamaya hai / vaha upalabdha nahIM hai / usakI cAbiyAM hAtha meM nahIM haiN| pratisaMlInatA aura pratyAhAra inako bahiraMga mAnane kA adhika-se-adhika bauddhika yA anubhUtigamya kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki vaha pRSThabhUmi hai aura dhAraNA se mUla krama zurU hotA hai| yoga taba sadhatA hai, dhyAna taba hotA hai jaba dhyAtA jitendriya hotA hai / jitendriya honA yaha to dhyAna kI pRSThibhUmi meM A gyaa| dhyAna kI arhatA bana gaI / dhyAna kA arha kauna ho sakatA hai ? dhyAna kI yogyatA kisa vyakti meM mAnI jA sakatI hai ? isakI kasauTI hai ki sAdhaka ko kama-se-kama jitendriya honA caahie| isakA matalaba hai ki dhyAna se jitendriyatA nahIM AI, dhyAna se pahale hI jitendriya honA Avazyaka ho gayA / itanI sAdhanA to dhyAna se pUrva hI A jAe ki jisameM jitendriyatA niSpanna ho jaae| isa pRSThabhUmi kI bAta ko yA pRSThabhUmi para hone vAlI pravRtti ko alaga rakhakara ise bahiraMga mAna liyA / anyathA pratyAhAra ko bahiraMga mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / yaha to sacamuca AMtarika prakriyA hai / maiM jahAM taka samajha pAyA hUM pratyAhAra kA artha - prANa- smaahaar| hamArI sArI pravRtti hotI hai-- prANa-niyojana ke dvArA /

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vibhUtipAda 73 Ayurveda meM pAMca yA dasa prANa mAne haiM aura jaina AgamoM meM dasa prANa mAnya haiN| AMkha banda kara lenA mAtra pratyAhAra nahIM hai / kintu AMkha apanA kAma karatI hai-- indriya prANa ke dvArA / cakSu indriya prANa prANa kA eka prakAra hai, prANa kI eka dhArA hai / usake dvArA AMkha apanA kAma karatI hai / sAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti apanI prANa kI sAdhanA ke dvArA dUsaroM ko jo prANa kA pravAha de rahA hai usako bilkula sameTa letA hai, samAhAra kara letA hai| AMkha khulI hai para apanA kAma nahIM kara rahI hai / kAna sunatA hai to kAna kA yaha AkAra nahIM suntaa| kAna ke sAtha usa prANa kA - yoga hotA hai, zrotrendriya prANa kA yoga hotA hai taba yaha kAna sunatA hai| basa, svica Apha kara diyA, prANa ko yahAM se haTA liyA, kAna par3A hai, khulA hai aMguli lagAne kI koI jarUrata nahIM, mudrA karane kI koI apekSA nahIM kintu kitanI hI AvAja ho rahI hai, kAna apanA kAma nahIM kara rahA hai / upakaraNa indriya ke sAtha jisa UrjA kA, jisa prANadhArA kA yoga hotA hai, caitanya aura prANa kA samanvita yoga hotA hai, cetanAyukta prANadhArA kA jo pravAha hotA hai, usa pravAha ko vahAM se haTA lenA yaha zrotrendriya kA pratyAhAra hotA hai / pratyAhAra kI sAdhanA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sAdhanA hai aura usakA artha hai ki prANa ke pravAha ko vahAM se samAhita kara lenA, haTA lenA aura mUla prANa ke sAtha usako jor3a denA / yaha jaba sAdhanA hotI hai to indriya kI pUrI pratisaMlInatA ho jAtI hai / indriyAM apane Apa meM lIna ho jAtI haiM, apanA kAma nahIM karatI / kaSArya bhI prANa pravAha ke dvArA paidA hotA hai / prANa kI dhArA jur3atI hai to krodha AtA hai, abhimAna AtA hai, sAre kaSAya Ate haiM / prANa kA kanekzana tor3a diyA to sAre kaSAya bilkula zAMta ho jAte haiM / yoga kI pravRtti - mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti - bhI prANadhArA ke dvArA hotI hai / prANadhArA ko usa sthAna se haTA lene kA artha hotA hai - pratyAhAra / yaha pratyAhAra kI prakriyA Antarika prakriyA hai / kintu vargIkaraNa karane vAloM ke sAmane yahI rahA ki isako dhyAna ke lie yogya mAnA jaae| yama, eka hai - pratyAhAra se idhara kA jagat aura dUsarA hai - pratyAhAra se udhara - kA jagat / bIca kA eka setu-baMdha bana jAtA hai / pratyAhAra se idhara kA jagat hai, vaha sArA kA sArA bAhya jagat hai yAni abhI taka bhItara meM koI praveza nahIM hai / niyama, Asana aura prANAyAma -- yaha pratyAhAra se idhara kA jagat hai, jahAM koI bhItara kA praveza abhI nahIM huA / bhItara kA koI daravAjA nahIM khulA / niyama liyA to eka saMkalpa kara liyA / niyama meM abhI bhI zArIrika prakriyA hai aura prANAyAma zvAsa kI prakriyA hai daravAjA nahIM khulA / isalie yaha jagat bAhya jagat ho gayA / niyama se ho jAtA hai, prakriyA cAlU ho jAtI hai kintu prANAyAma taka yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki koI antarcetanA kA dvAra khulA ho / jaba pratyAhAra meM Ate haiM saMkalpa hai / Asana / bhItara kA koI sAMdhanA kA prAraMbha

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74 manana aura mUlyAMkana taba eka sthiti banatI hai aura bAhya jagat kA rUpa badala jAtA hai| pratyAhAra. ko bAhya nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki usase bhItara meM praveza hotA hai, indriyAM jo bAhara pravRtti karatI thIM ve aba bhItara kI ora mur3a gayIM, mana jo bAhara daur3atA thA, bhItara kI ora mur3a gayA, citta kI cetanA bhI bhItara kI ora sUkSma-jagat meM aura antarjagat meM praveza kara gyii| yaha eka mor3a kA bindu hai| yahAM se mor3a prAraMbha hotA hai| isa bindu ko hama cAheM to agale vibhAga meM rakha sakate haiM, cAheM to isa vibhAga meM rakha sakate haiM / acchA to yaha hotA ki tIna bhUmikAeM kI jAtI-bahiraMgayoga, madhya-yoga aura uttr-yog| dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi-yaha uttara-yoga hai| yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma-yaha bahiraMga-yoga hai aura pratyAhAra-yaha madhya-yoga hai| yaha donoM ko jor3ane vAlA hai| jaba pratyAhAra hotA hai to ye cAroM hI phira antarjagat ke sAtha jur3a jAte haiN| pahale nahIM jur3ate / kAyagupti, vacanagupti aura manogupti-ye tIna guptiyAM hotI haiM to pAMca mahAvrata aura pAMca samitiyAM antarjagat ke sAtha jur3a jAtI haiM / jaba ye tIna guptiyAM nahIM hotI haiM to samitiyAM aura mahAvrata bhI mAtra bAhya AcaraNa hI raha jAte haiM, antarjagat ke sAtha nahIM judd'te| inakA eka madhya bindu hai-prtyaahaar| isa madhya bindu ko cAhe hama dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi-isa tripadI ke sAtha jor3akara catuSpadI banA deM yA yama, niyama ke sAtha jor3akara SaTpadI banA deN| pataMjali ne zAyada yaha socA ho ki pratyAhAra ko prathama vargIkaraNa meM rakhane se zeSa cAra-Asana, yama, niyama Adi bhI kama-se-kama yoga ke aMga bana jAeMge aura yadi pratyAhAra sAtha meM na rahA to ve cAra bhI zAyada yoga ke aMga na bana sakeM, kyoMki Asana to eka malla bhI karatA hai, svAsthya kI sAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti bhI karatA hai| prANAyAma hara koI vyakti karatA hai, jAne-anajAne karatA hI hai| kauna aisA vyakti hai jo prANAyAma nahIM karatA? jaba thor3A-sA 'jI' ghuTane lagatA hai to apane-Apa dIrghazvAsa kA prayoga zurU kara detA hai| prANAyAma kA prayoga to jAnavara bhI karate haiM aura yama, niyama kA prayoga hara sAmAjika AdamI karatA hai| dharma ko, sAdhanA ko, AtmA ko na mAnane vAlA vyakti bhI yama, niyama kA prayoga karatA hai| koI aisA vyakti nahIM, jo ina cAroM kA prayoga na kare / pratyAhAra kI jarUrata unako nahIM hotii| antardRSTi jAgatI hai tabhI pratyAhAra kiyA jAtA hai, nahIM to koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| pratyAhAra kI sAdhanA ke sAtha jur3akara yama, niyama, Asana Adi AdhyAtmika bana jAte haiM, isa dRSTi se pratyAhAra ko usa vibhAga meM rakha diyaa| pratyAhAra se jo eka dvAra khulatA hai aura usake bAda jo kucha karane kA hotA hai use antaraMga kI koTi meM rakha diyA gayA hai| ___ AThaveM sUtra ke pazcAt nauveM se pandrahaveM sUtra taka pariNAma kI carcA hai| yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| samAdhi ke pazcAt pariNAma kI carcA kI gayI hai / yaha bahutaH

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vibhUtipAda 75 jaTila bana gaI hai / loga samajhane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karate haiM aura par3hAne vAle samajhAne meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karate haiM / yadi isa pariNAma kI carcA ko karma-graMtha aura pAMca bhAvoM ke saMdarbha meM jAnA jAe to bahuta AsAna ho jaae| jaina darzana meM audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika -- ina pAMca bhAvoM kI jo carcA hai, vaisI hI carcA yogadarzana meM AThaveM se pandrahaveM sUtra taka kI gayI hai / yaha pariNAmoM kI carcA hai, kyoMki jaba vibhUtiyoM kA varNana karanA hai to 'pariNAmakramAnyatva' - pariNAma kA anyatva honA jarUrI hai aura pariNAma kA anyatva kyoM hogA, yaha jAnane ke lie pariNAmoM ko jAnanA jarUrI hai / ekAgratA kA pariNAma, nirodha kA pariNAma, saMskAra kA pariNAma, zAMta, udita -- ye sArI karma kI avasthAeM haiM, vipAka kI avasthAeM haiN| eka jaina isa sAre prakaraNa ko yadi pAMca bhAvoM ke saMdarbha meM par3he to bahuta acchI taraha samajha sakatA hai| karma-graMtha aura pAMca bhAvoM ko nahIM jAnane vAlA, dUsarI paramparA kA vyakti, utanI spaSTatA ke sAtha nahIM samajha sakatA / kSAyika bhAva meM sAre pariNAma samApta ho jAte haiM, kintu kSAyopazamika bhAva zAMta aura udita rahate haiN| eka zAMta hotA hai, dUsarA pariNAma udaya meM A jAtA hai / dUsarA zAMta hotA hai, pahalA udaya meM A jAtA hai| zAMta aura udita kA krama calatA rahatA hai| karma kA udaya bhI hotA rahatA hai aura karma kA vipAka zAMta bhI hotA rahatA hai| pUrI prakriyA calatI hai| eka pariNAma, phira dUsarA pariNAma, phira tIsarA pariNAma / eka pariNAma bItatA hai, phira dUsarA pariNAma udaya meM A jAtA hai / karma-graMtha ko jAnane vAlA jAnatA hai ki do virodhI prakRtiyAM eka sAtha udaya meM nahIM AtIM / sAtavedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya, sukha kA saMvedana aura duHkha kA saMvedana- donoM eka sAtha nahIM hote / nidrA aura jAgaraNa -- donoM eka sAtha nahIM hote| jitanI virodhI prakRtiyAM haiM - eka udaya meM AtI hai aura dUsarI zAMta ho jAtI hai| kyA jaba sukha kA saMvedana hai taba hama mAna leM ki duHkha samApta ho gayA ? nahIM, duHkha samApta nahIM huA, kintu duHkha anudaya meM calA gayA, kyoMki jaba eka prakRti udaya meM hotI hai to phira dUsarI virodhI prakRti udaya meM nahIM A sakatI, gauNa ho jAtI hai, anudita ho jAtI hai, kintu saMskAra samApta nahIM hotA, vipAka usakA samApta nahIM hotA, baMdha samApta nahIM hotaa| paramparA calatI hai / jaise hI nimitta badalA vaha udaya meM A jAegI aura jo udaya meM thI vaha zAntAvasthA meM calI jaaegii| kSayopazama taka yaha prakriyA calatI rahatI hai / hamAre jitane kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM, unameM pariNAmoM kI yaha dhArA calatI rahatI hai| eka acchA vicAra AyA, burA vicAra daba gayA aura burA vicAra AyA to acchA vicAra daba gayA, yaha krama niraMtara calatA rahatA hai / isIlie hamArI jAgarUkatA kA prayatna bhI niraMtara

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76 manana aura mUlyAMkana calatA rahatA hai| hama jJAna kA abhyAsa karate haiM, jJAna kA AvaraNa dUra hotA hai / jaise hI abhyAsa baMda kiyA phira AvaraNa A jAtA hai / ise vyAkhyAkAroM ne eka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA hai eka tAlAba thA / vaha zevAla se bharA par3A thaa| rAta kA samaya / AkAza meM cAMda-tAre camaka rahe the / havA clii| zevAla kucha httaa| eka kachue ne Upara dekhA / cAMda-tAroM ko dekha vaha mugdha ho gayA / usane socA, maiM akelA hI Ananda lUTa rahA / apane sAthiyoM ko bulAkara dikhAUM / usane pAnI meM DubakI lagAI / sAthiyoM ko le AyA / para aba zevAla punaH chA gaI thI / AkAza dIkhanA baMda ho gayA / jaba taka AdamI puruSArtha karatA hai, usa zevAla ko haTAtA rahatA hai taba taka to karma kA kSayopazama kAma karatA rahatA hai aura jaba usa puruSArtha ko chor3a detA hai / to vaha zevAla punaH chA jAtA hai, AkAza dIkhanA baMda ho jAtA hai / isIlie kSayopazama kA artha hai - satata abhyAsa, satata puruSArtha aura satata jAgarUkatA / yaha kSayopazama kA siddhAnta taba taka calatA rahatA hai jaba taka kSAyika kI prakriyA nahIM A jaatii| ina sUtroM meM isa kSayopazama kI prakriyA kA bahuta suMdara varNana kiyA gayA hai| solahaveM sUtra se 55 veM sUtra taka vibhUtiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ye sArI vibhUtiyAM haiN| kisa sAdhanA ke dvArA kauna-sI vibhUti prApta hotI hai, vaha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa aura jAnane kA viSaya hai| kabhI usakI carcA ho sakatI hai / jAtismRti, para-cittajJAna Adi-Adi jo jJAna kI vibhUtiyAM haiM ve kisa prakriyA se upalabdha hotI haiM, isako bhI jAnanA jarUrI hai| Aja hamAre sAmane jo samasyA hai vaha yaha nahIM hai ki prAcIna graMthoM meM manovijJAna yA parA - manovijJAna ke kitane tattva milate haiM ? isa para to kAphI likhA gayA hai, likhA jA rahA hai| jaina sAdhanA paddhati aura bauddha sAdhanA paddhati meM inakA pUrA vivaraNa milatA hai / mUla samasyA yaha hai ki unakI prakriyA kyA hai ? ve kaise upalabdha hotI haiM ? pAtaMjali ne jaise svayaM nirdeza diyA hai ki siddhiyAM, vibhUtiyAM tapasyA ke dvArA bhI, maMtra ke dvArA bhI, auSadhi (vanaspati) ke dvArA bhI aura yoga-sAdhanA ke dvArA bhI prApta kI jA sakatI haiM / inameM jo vanaspati ke dvArA hotI haiM ve kama zaktizAlI hotI haiM / kiMtu tapa aura sAdhanA ke dvArA jo hotI haiM ve bahuta zaktizAlI hotI haiM / siddhiyoM ke bAre meM yaha bhI spaSTa dRSTi rahI hai ki samAdhi ke vighna vyutthAna ke lie to acche haiM aura samAdhi ke lie vighna haiM / eka pariNAma kA vyutthAna hotA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki audayikabhAva ke lie to acchI haiM kintu kSAyikabhAva ke lie inakA koI upayoga nhiiN| sabhI paramparAoM meM siddhiyoM ke prayoga kA niSedha bhI rahA hai / kintu eka bAta isameM samajha lenI hai ki avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna kI jo vibhUtiyAM yA siddhiyAM haiM. ye samAdhi ke lie vighna nahIM haiM /

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vibhUtipAda 77 prANa-sAdhanA se upalabdha jitanI siddhiyAM haiM ve samAdhi ke vighna ho sakatI haiM / prANa, udAna, samAna ke jaya se hone vAlI jo siddhiyAM haiM ve sArI vighna bana sakatI haiM / do-tIna prakAra ke pariNAma hote haiN| pataMjali ne do prakAra ke pariNAmoM kI carcA kI hai - abhibhava aura prAdurbhAva / tIna prakAra kI pariNAma-dhArA hotI haihIyamAna, varddhamAna aura avasthita / hIyamAna pariNAma hotA hai jo abhibhava hai / eka varddhamAna hotA hai jo prAdurbhUta hotA hai, bar3hatA hai aura eka avasthita hotA hai / inake sAtha-sAtha tulanA karane para bahuta sArI nayI saMbhAvanAeM aura nayI bAteM hameM upalabdha ho sakatI haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se isa vibhUtipAda kA saMkSipta sA avalokana kiyA gayA ki vibhUtipAda par3hane vAle vidyArthI ko isakI pRSThabhUmi meM kitanA jAna lenA cAhie / pRSThabhUmi jAna lene para agalA adhyayana sahaja, sarala ho jAtA hai| mujhe eka hI bAta pratIta hotI hai- vaha hai paribhASA kI jaTilatA / maiM yaha nahIM kahatA ki pataMjali ne koI jaTila paribhASAeM kI haiN| yaha kisI kA savAla nahIM, pataMjali ar nahIM aura kisI kA nahIM, yaha mUla bhASA kA prazna hai / Aja se 2000 varSa pUrva jina logoM ne jo saccAiyAM samajhIM, unhoMne bahuta sarala bhASA meM prastuta kIM, kintu Aja ve hamAre lie bahuta gUr3ha bana gaI, kyoMki hamArA usa samaya ke bhASA-pravAha ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM rahA aura una paribhASAoM ke sAtha meM sambandha nahIM rahA / una paribhASAoM ke nIce jo sambandha taira rahA hai, hama una paribhASAoM ke pakar3ane meM apane Apako asamartha pA rahe haiM / Aja sabase bar3A jo kAma karanA hai vaha yaha hai ki satya ko paribhASAoM kI kArA se mukta kiyA jaae| haThayoga meM srAvoM kA bahuta varNana hai / hamAre zarIra meM srAva hote haiM / jaise candramA se amRta jhara rahA hai, sira se amRta jhara rahA hai, yaha kahA jAtA rahA hai / Aja jaba graMthi - taMtra ko par3hate haiM ki amuka hAramonsa, antaHsrAvigraMthiyoM kA srAva amuka-amuka sthitiyoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai / agara paribhASAoM ko hama chor3a deM, ina donoM ko dekheM to pratIta hogA ki donoM saccAiyAM eka haiN| yadi hama adhyayana ke dvArA aisI kSamatA kA vikAsa kara sakeM ki jisase paribhASAoM meM kyA hai, usameM na ulajheM kintu unake nIce kyA hai, vahAM taka pahuMca sakeM / aisI sthiti meM bahuta saccAiyAM upalabdha ho jaaeNgii| maiM adhyayana kA eka hI artha mAnatA hUM, jo vidyArthI haiM, adhyayana karane vAle haiM, unakI cetanA jAge yA use jagAne meM hama nimitta bana sakeM aura isa prajJA ko jagA sakeM ki zabdoM, bhASA aura paribhASA ke nIce jo kucha chipA par3A hai, AvRta hai, use anAvRta karane meM ve sakSama hoM, to maiM samajhatA hUM. adhyayana kI bahuta bar3I sArthakatA hogii| ( pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke AdhAra para - dUsarA pravacana - lADanUM 8-2-80 )

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10. jaina sAhitya meM caitanya-kendra prajJApanA meM avadhijJAna ke do prakAra upalabdha haiM-dezAvadhi aura srvaavdhi| naMdI meM dezAvadhi, sarvAvadhi kA ullekha nahIM hai, kevala paramAvadhi kA ullekha milatA hai| gomaTasAra meM avadhijJAna ke tIna prakAra milate haiM-dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi' / __ naMdI meM avadhijJAna ke chaha prakAra kiye gae haiM, unameM pahalA prakAra anugAmika hai| usake do prakAra haiM----aMtagata aura mdhygt| yaha viSaya anya kisI bhI upalabdha Agama meM nahIM hai| pratIta hotA hai ki devaddhigaNI ne yaha pUrA prakaraNa jJAnapravAda pUrva se liyA thaa| isa dRSTi se nandI sUtra kA mukhya AdhAra jJAnapravAdapUrva ho sakatA hai| sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI Adi isake AdhAra nahIM ho skte| jJAnapravAda caudaha pUrvo meM pAMcavAM pUrva hai| usakI vizAla graMtha rAzi meM kevala jJAna kA hI nirUpaNa hai| ___ naMdI ke isa prakaraNa se eka cira jijJAsita prazna kA samAdhAna hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki taMtrazAstra aura haThayoga meM cakroM kA nirUpaNa hai, kiMtu jaina sAhitya meM unakA koI nirUpaNa nahIM hai| dhyAna kI paddhati chUTa jAne ke kAraNa isa prazna kA uttara khojA bhI nahIM gyaa| haribhadrasUrI, zubhacandra, hemacandra Adi AcAryoM 1. prajJApanA 33333 / 2. nandI sUtra, 18, gA0 2 / 3. gomaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 373 : bhavapaccaigo ohI, desohI hodi prmsvvohii| guNapaccaigo NiyamA, desohI vi ya guNe hodi // 4. naMdI, sUtra hai| 5. naMdI, sUtra 10 / 6. naMdI, cUNi pR0 75 : __ paMcamaM NANappavAdaM ti, tammi matiNAipaMcakassa saprabhedaM prarUvaNA jamhA katA tamhA NANappavAdaM / tammi padaparimANaM ekA padakoDI eka pduunnaa|

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jaina sAhitya meM caitanya-kendra 76 ne apane yogagranthoM meM haThayoga kA samAveza kiyA, kintu jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha cakroM kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| dezAvadhijJAna cakra siddhAnta kA maulika AdhAra hai| nandI sUtra meM dezAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi kA ullekha nahIM hai, kiMtu unakI vyAkhyA bahuta vistAra se milatI hai| aMtagata dezAvadhi kA sUcaka hai aura madhyagata sarvAvadhi kA sUcaka hai| aMtagata avadhijJAna ke tIna prakAra haiM 1. purataH aNtgt| 2. pRSThata: aNtgt| 3. pArvata: aNtgt| cUrNikAra aura haribhadrasUrI ne aMtagata zabda ke aneka artha kie haiM1. yaha audArika zarIra ke paryanta bhAga meM sthita hotA hai, isalie aMtagata hai| 2. yaha spardhaka' avadhi hone ke kAraNa Atma pradezoM ke aMtabhAga meM rahatA hai, isalie aMtagata hai| 3. yaha audArika zarIra ke kisI deza (bhAga) se sAkSAt jAnatA hai, isalie aMtagata hai| audArika zarIra ke madhyavartI spardhakoM kI vizuddhi, saba Atma-pradezoM kI vizuddhi athavA saba dizAoM kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa yaha avadhijJAna madhyagata kahalAtA hai| jaba Age ke cakra yA caitanya kendra jAgRta hote haiM taba purataH aMtagata avadhijJAna hotA hai| usase agravartI jJeya jAnA jAtA hai| 1. AtmaguNa kA AcchAdana karane vAlI karma kI zakti kA nAma spardhaka hai| vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai-dezaghAti aura sarvaghAti / AtmA ke kisI eka deza kA AcchAdana karanevAlI karmazakti ko dezaghAti spardhaka aura sarva-deza kA AcchAdana karanevAlI karma-zakti ko sarvaghAti spardhaka kahA jAtA hai| 2. nandI cUrNi, pR0 16 : (ka) evaM orAli yasarIraMte ThitaM gataM ti egaTTa, taM ca AtappadesaphaDDagAvahi, egadisovalaMbhAo ya aMtagatamodhiNNANaM bhaNNati / ahavA savvatappadesavisuddhesU vi orAliyasarIregateNa egadisipAsaNagataM ti aMtagataM bhaNNati / ahavA phuDataramattho bhaNNati-egadisAvadhiuvaladdhakhettAto so avadhipuriso aMtagato ti jamhA tamhA aMtagataM bhaNNati / (kha) naMdI sUtra, haribhadravRtti pR0 23 / 3. naMdI cUNi, pR0 16 : majhagataM puNa orAliyasarIramajjhe phaDDagavisuddhIto savvAtappadesavisuddhIto vA sambadisovalaMbhattaNato majjhagato ti bhaNNati /

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80 manana aura mUlyAMkana jaba pIche ke caitanya- kendra jAgRta hote haiM taba pRSThataH aMtagata avadhijJAna hotA hai, usase pRSThavartI jJeya jAnA jAtA hai / jaba pArzva ke caitanya- kendra jAgRta hote haiM, taba pArzvataH aMtagata avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, usase pArzvavartI jJeya jAnA jAtA hai / jaba madhyavartI caitanya- kendra jAgRta hote haiM taba madhyagata avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai| usase sarvataH samantAt ( cAroM ora se ) jJeya jAnA jAtA hai / ' isakA niSkarSa hai ki hamAre samUce zarIra meM caitanya- kendra avasthita haiM / sAdhanA ke tAratamya ke anusAra jo caitanya-kendra jAgRta hotA hai usI meM se atIndriya jJAna razmiyAM bAhara nikalane laga jAtI haiN| pUre zarIra ko jAgRta kara liyA jAtA hai to pUre zarIra meM se atIndriya jJAna kI razmiyAM phUTa par3atI haiN| aneka caitanya kendroM kI sakriyatA se hone vAle avadhijJAna kA nAma pUre zarIra kI sakriyatA se hone vAlA avadhijJAna sarvAvadhi hai / kisI eka yA dezAvadhi hai / prANI ke pAsa cAra 'karaNa' hote haiM' - mana- karaNa, vacana-karaNa, kAya karaNa aura karma-karaNa | azubhakaraNa se asukha kA aura zubhakaraNa se sukha kA saMvedana hotA hai / ' zvetAmbara sAhitya meM 'karaNa' ke viSaya meM artha kI paraMparA vismRta ho gaI / digambara sAhitya meM usakI artha-paraMparA Aja bhI upalabdha hai| usase cakra yA caitanya kendra ke bAre meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI milatI hai / karaNa kA eka artha hotA hai - nirmala citta dhArA / usakA dUsarA artha haicitta kI nirmalatA se hone vAlI zarIra, mana Adi kI nirmalatA / zarIra ke jisa deza meM nirmalatA ho jAtI hai, arthAt zarIra kA jo bhAga karaNarUpa meM pariNata ho 1. nandI, sUtra 16 : aMtagayassa majjhagayassa ya ko paiviseso ? purao aMtagaeNaM ohiNANeNaM purao ceva saMkhejjANi vA asaMkhejjANi vA joyaNAI jANai pAsai / maggao aMtagaeNaM ohiNANeNaM maggao ceva saMkhejjANi vA asaM khejjANi vA joyaNAiM jANai pAsai / pAsao aMtagaeNaM ohiNANeNaM pAsao caiva saMkhejjANi vA asaMkhejjANi vA joyaNAI jANai pAsai / jhaNaM ohiNaNaM savvao samaMtA saMkhejjANi vA asaMkhejjANi vA joyaNAiM jANai pAsai / 2. bhagavatI 6/5 / 3. bhagavatI 6 / 14 /

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jaina sAhitya meM caitanya-kendra 81 jAtA hai, usa bhAga se atIndriyajJAna hone laga jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se hamAre zarIra meM avadhijJAna ke aneka kSetra haiM, aneka saMsthAna haiN| ye saMsthAna hI cakra yA caitanya-kendra haiN| nandI sUtra meM avadhijJAna ke chaha prakAra batalAye gae haiN| - 1. AnugAmika 4. hIyamAna 2. anAnugAmika 5. pratipAti 3. vardhamAna 6. apratipAti / " SaTkhaMDAgama meM avadhijJAna ke teraha prakAra batalAye gae haiM1. dezAvadhi 8. anugAmI 2. paramAvadhi 6. ananugAmI 3. sarvAvadhi 10. sapratipAtI 4. hAyamAna 11. apratipAtI 5. vardhamAna 12. eka kSetra 6. avasthita 13. aneka kssetr| 7. anavasthita prastuta prasaMga meM ekakSetra aura anekakSetra-ye do bheda bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiN| jisameM jIva-zarIra kA eka deza (caitanya-kendra) karaNa banatA hai, vaha ekakSetra avadhijJAna hai| jo pratiniyata kSetra ke mAdhyama se nahIM hotA, kintu zarIra ke 1. SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka 13, pR0 266 dhavalA : ohiNANamaNeyakkhettaM ceva, savvajIvapadesesu akkameNa khaovasamaM gadesu sarIregadeseNeva vajjhaTThAvagamANuvavattIdo? Na, aNNattha karaNAbhAveNa karaNa sarUveNa pariNadasarIregadeseNa tadavagamassa virohaabhaavaado| 2. vahI, pR0 266 dhavalA : khettado tAva aNeyasaMThANasaMThidA // 5 // jahA kAyANamidiyANa ca paDiNiyadaM saThANaM tahA ohiNANassa Na hodi, kiMtu ohiNANAvaraNIyakhaovasamagadajIvapadesANaM karaNIbhUdasarIrapadesA aNegasaMThANasaMThidA hoNti| 3. nandI, sUtra / 4. SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka, 13 pR0 262 / 5. vahI, pR0 265 : jassa ohiNANassa jIvasarIrassa egadeso karaNaM hodi tamohiNANamegakkhettaM nnaam|

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8.2 manana aura mUlyAMkana sabhI avayavoM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai - zarIra ke sabhI avayava karaNa bana jAte haiM, vaha aneka kSetra avadhijJAna hai / ' yadyapi avadhijJAna kI kSamatA sabhI Atma-pradezoM meM prakaTa hotI hai, phira bhI zarIra kA jo deza karaNa banatA hai usI ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAna prakaTa hotA hai / zarIra kA jo bhAga karaNarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, vahI avadhijJAna ke prakaTa hone kA mAdhyama bana sakatA hai| naMdI sUtra meM bhI saba avayavoM se jAnane aura kisI eka avayava se jAnane kI carcA milatI hai / ekakSetra avadhijJAna meM zarIra kA eka caitanya-kendra bhI jAgRta ho sakatA hai tathA do, tIna, cAra, pAMca Adi caitanya- kendra bhI eka sAtha jAgRta ho sakate haiN| caitanya- kendra aneka saMsthAna vAle hote haiN| jaise indriyoM kA saMsthAna pratiniyata hotA hai vaise caitanya- kendroM kA saMsthAna pratiniyata nahIM hotA kintu karaNarUpa meM pariNata zarIra- pradeza aneka saMsthAna vAle hote haiM / kucha saMsthAnoM ke nAma-nirdeza milate haiM / jaise- zrIvatsa, kalaza, zaMkha, svastika, nandyAvarta aadi| dhavalAkAra ne Adi zabda ke dvArA anya aneka zubha saMsthAnoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai' / tantrazAstra 1. SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka 13, pR0 265 : jamohiNANaM paDiNiyadakhettaM tamaNegakkhettaM NAma / 2. naMdI, sUtra 22 : devatitthaMkarAya, ohissa'vAhirA huMti / pAsaMti savvao khala, sesA deseNa pAsaMti // 3. SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka, 13 pR0 267 : Naca ekkassa jIvassa ekkamhi ceva padese ohiNANakaraNaM hodi tti Niyamo atthi, eMga-do tiSNi catAri-paMca-chaAdi khettANa megajIvahi saMkhAdisuhasaMThANANaM kamhi vi sabhavAdo / 4. vahI, pR0 266 : vajjiya sarIrasavvAvayavesa vadradi * khettado tAva aNeyasaMThANasaMThidA // 57 // 5. vahI, pR0 267 : sirivaccha - kalasa - saMkha-sotthiya NaMdAvattAdINi saMThANANi NAdavtrANi bhavaMti / 6. vahI, pR0 267 ettha AdisaddeNa asi pi suhasaMThANANaM gahaNaM kAyavvaM /

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jaina sAhitya meM caitanya- kendra aura haThayoga meM cakroM ke lie kamala zabda kI prakalpanA milatI hai| yahAM kamalazabda kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu Adi zabda ke dvArA usakA nirdeza svataH prApta ho jAtA hai | AcArya nemicandra ne guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ko zaMkha Adi cihnoM se utpanna hone vAlA batalAyA hai' / TIkAkAra ne Adi zabda kI vyAkhyA meM padma, vajra, svastika, matsya, kalaza Adi zabdoM kA nirdeza diyA hai| jaina sAhitya meM aSTa maMgala kI mAnyatA pracalita hai'| anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki avadhijJAna ke zarIragata cihnoM aura aSTa maMgaloM meM koI sAmaJjasya kA sUtra rahA ho / zrIvatsa Adi zubha saMsthAna vAle caitanya- kendra manuSya aura pazu ke nAbhi ke Upara ke bhAga meM hote haiM / vIrasena AcArya kA mata hai ki zubha saMsthAna vAle caitanya- kendra nIce ke bhAga meM nahIM hote / nAbhi se nIce hone vAle caitanya- kendroM ke saMsthAna azubha hote haiM, giragiTa Adi azubha AkAra vAle hote haiM / AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra isa viSaya kA SaTkhaMDAgama meM sUtra nahIM hai, kintu yaha viSaya unheM guru-paramparA se upalabdha hai / " caitanya- kendroM ke saMsthAnoM meM parivartana bhI ho sakatA hai / samyaktva upalabdha 1. gomaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gA0 371 : bhavapaccaigo suraNirayANaM, titthevi savva aMguttho / guNapaccaigo NaratiriyANaM saMkhAdiciNhabhavo // 2 . vahI, TIkA : nAbherupari zaGkhapadmavajrasvastikajhaSakalazAdi zubha cihnalakSitAtmapradezasthAvadhijJAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakarmadvayakSayopazamotpannamityarthaH / 3. ovAiyaM, sUtra 64 : aTTha maMgalayA purao ahANupuvvIe saMpaTTiyA taM jahA- sovatthiyasirivaccha-gaMdiyAvatta- vaddhamANaga-bhaddAsaNa- kalasa-maccha-dappaNayA / 4. SaTkhaMDAgama, pustaka 13, pR0 267 : edANi saMThANANi tirikkha- maNussANaM nAhIe uvarimabhAge hoMti, ter; suhaThANAmadhobhAgeNa saha virohAdo / 5. vahI, pustaka 13 pR0 268 tirikkhamaNusavihaMgaNANINaM nAhIe heTThA maraDAdi asuhasaMThANANi hoMti tti guruvadeso, Na suttamatthi /

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84 manana aura mUlyAMkana hone para nAbhi se nIce ke azubha saMsthAna miTa jAte haiM, nAbhi se Upara ke zubha saMsthAna nimita ho jAte haiM / isI prakAra samyakdRSTi ke mithyAtva avasthA meM cale jAne para nAbhi se Upara ke zubha sasthAna miTa jAte haiM aura nAbhi se nIce ke azubha saMsthAna nirmita ho jAte haiN| - 1. vahI, 13 pR0 298 : vihaMgaNANINamohiNANe sammattAdiphaleNa samuppaNNe saraDAdi asuhasaMThANANi phiTTidUNa NAhIe uvari saMkhAdisuhasaMThANANi hotti tti ghetavvaM / evamohiNANapacchAyadavihaMgaNANINaM vi suhasaMThANANi phiTTidUNaM asuhasaMThANANi hoti tti ghetavvaM /

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11. saMskRta sAhiya eka vihaMgAvalokana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM saMskRta paMDitoM kI bhASA bana gayI thI / bhASA ke AdhAra para do varga sthApita ho gae the - eka varga una paMDitoM kA thA, jo saMskRtavidoM ko hI tattvadraSTA mAnate the aura saMskRta nahIM jAnane vAloM kI buddhi para apanA adhikAra kiye hue the| dUsarA varga una logoM kA thA, jo yaha mAnate the ki saMskRtavid hI tattva kI vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anubhava kiyA ki satya ko khojane kI kSamatA hara vyakti meM hai / usa para bhASA kA pratibaMdha nahIM ho sakatA / jisakA citta rAga-dveSazUnya hai, vaha saMskRtavid na hone para bhI satya ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai aura jisakA citta rAga-dveSazUnya nahIM hotA, vaha saMskRtavid hone para bhI satya ko upalabdha nahIM hotA / satya aura bhASA kA gaThabaMdhana nahIM hai-- isa siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janabhASA prAkRta ko satya nirUpaNa kA mAdhyama banAyA / : I bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prAkRta meM upadeza kiyaa| unake pramukha ziSya gautama Adi gaNadharoM ne usakA prAkRta meM hI guMphana kiyA / unake nirvANa kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka dharmopadeza tathA graMtha-racanA meM prAkRta kA hI upayoga hotA rahA / nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM phira saMskRta kA svara guMjita huA / AryarakSita' ne saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM ko RSi-bhASA kahA / unakI yaha dhvani sthAnAMga ke svaramaNDala meM bhI pratidhvanita huI / umAsvAti (svAmI) ne mokSazAstra ( tattvArtha sUtra ) kA saMskRta meM praNayana kiyA / unakA astitva kAla vikrama kI tIsarI se pAMcavI zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| jaina paraMparA meM isI kAlAvadhi meM saMskRta yuga prAraMbha huA / jaina AcAryoM ne prAkRta ko tilAJjali nahIM dI / prAkRta meM grantha racanA kA kArya, 1. Arya rakSita kA janma kAla : IsvIpUrva 4 ( vi0 saM0 52), dIkSA I0 sa0 18 ( vi0 saM074), yugapradhAna I0 sa0 58 (vi0 sa0 114), svargavAsa I0 sa071 (vi0 saM0 127) / 2. aNuogaddA rAI, svara maNDala : sakkayaM pAgayaM ceva, pasatthaM isibhA siyaM /

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86 manana aura mUlyAMkana anavarata calatA rhaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne lokabhASA ke prati jo dRSTikoNa nirmita kiyA thA, use vismRta nahIM kiyA gayA aura saMskRta ke adhyetAoM meM jo pAMDitya-pradarzana kI bhAvanA thI, use bhI smRti meM rakhA gyaa| phira bhI darzanayuga kI sthApanA ke kAla meM jaina darzana ko pratiSThita karane kI dRSTi se saMskRta kI anivAryatA anubhava kii| siddharSi ne jaina lekhakoM kI isa anubhUti ko spaSTa abhivyakti dI hai| unhoMne likhA hai 'saMskRtA prAkRtA ceti, bhASe praadhaanymhtH| tatrApi saMskRtA tAvad, durvidagdhahRdi sthitA / / bAlAnAmapi sadbodha-kAriNI krnnpeshlaa| tathApi prAkRtA bhASA, na teSAmabhibhASate // upAye sati kartavyaM, sarveSAM cittaraJjanam / atastadanurodhena, saMskRte'yaM kariSyate // ' -'saMskRta aura prAkRta--ye do pradhAna bhASAeM haiN| saMskRta durvidagdha-paMDitamAnI janoM ke hRdaya meM basI huI hai| 'prAkRta bhASA jana-sAdhAraNa ko prakAza dene vAlI aura zruti-madhura hai, phira bhI unheM vaha acchI nahIM lgtii| ___ 'mere sAmane saMskRtapriya janoM ke cittaraMjana kA upAya hai| isIlie unake anurodha se maiM prastuta kathA ko saMskRta bhASA meM likha rahA huuN|' gupta sAmrAjya-kAla meM saMskRta kA prabhAva bahuta bar3ha gyaa| jaina aura bauddha paraMparAoM meM bhI saMskRta bhASA pramukha ho gyii| - uttara bhArata meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna--donoM jaina dharma ke pramukha kendra rahe haiN| ina donoM meM jaina muni sthAna-sthAna para vihAra karate the| unakI sAhityasAdhanA bhI pracura mAtrA meM huii| rAjasthAna kI jaina paraMparA meM saMskRta-sAhitya ke prathama nirmAtA haribhadrasUri haiN| unakA astitva-kAla vikrama kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI (757-857) hai| unheM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM para samAna adhikAra prApta thaa| unakI lekhanI donoM bhASAoM para samAna rUpa se clii| unakI prAkRta-racanAeM jitanI vipula saMkhyA meM aura jitanI mahattvapUrNa haiM, utanI hI mahattvapUrNa aura utanI hI vipula saMkhyA meM unakI saMskRta racanAeM haiN| unhoMne dharma, yoga, darzana, nyAya, anekAnta, AcAra, ahiMsA Adi aneka viSayoM para likhA / Agama sUtroM para aneka vizAla vyAkhyA-grantha likhe| jaina darzana ne satya kI vyAkhyA naya-paddhati se kii| 'tIrthaMkara kA koI bhI vacana nayazUnya nahIM hai'- isa ukti kI pratidhvani yaha hai ki koI bhI vacana nirapekSa nahIM hai| pratyeka vacana ko nayadRSTi se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| siddhasena divAkara aura samaMtabhadra ne anekAMta aura nayavAda ko dArzanika dharAtala para prasphuTita kiyaa|

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saMskRta sAhitya : eka vihaMgAvalokana 87 usake pallavanakAroM meM haribhadrasUri eka pramukha vyaktvi haiM / unhoMne saMskRta-sAhitya ko kalpanA aura alaMkAra kI kasauTI se kase hue kavitva tathA tarkavAda aura nirAkaraNa pradhAna zailI se paripuSTa tArkikatA se Upara uThAkara svatantra cintana aura samanvaya kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita kiyaa| unake 'lokatattva nirNaya' nAmaka graMtha meM svatantra cintana kI aisI ciraMtana vyAkhyA huI hai, jise kAlAtIta kahA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne likhA hai 'mAtRmodakavad bAlAH, ye gRhntyvicaaritm| te pazcAt paritapyante, savarNagrAhako yathA / / -mAM ke dvArA die hue modaka ko binA kisI vicAra ke le lene vAle bAlaka kI bhAMti, binA vicAra kie dUsare ke vicAra ko svIkAra karane vAlA vaise hI pazcAttApa karatA hai, jaise binA parIkSA kie svarNa ko kharIdane vAlA pachatAtA hai| . sunane ke lie kAna haiN| vicAraNA ke lie vANI aura buddhi hai| phira bhI jo vyakti zruta viSaya para citana nahIM karatA. vaha karttavya ko kaise prApta ho sakatA __ zrotavye ca kRtau koM, vAgbuddhizca vicaarnne| yaH zrutaM na vicArata, sa kArya vindate katham ? // ' Agama-yuga meM zraddhA para bahuta bala diyaa| 'IzvarIya AdezoM aura Apta vacanoM para saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA'-isa mAnyatA ne ciMtana kI dhArA ko kSINa banA diyA thaa| adhikAMza loga kisI vyakti kI vANI yA graMtha ko binA kisI ciMtana ke svIkAra kara lete the / isa paraMparA ne rUr3hivAda kI jar3eM bahuta sudRr3ha banA dI thiiN| unheM tor3anA zrama-sAdhya thaa| vaise vAtAvaraNa meM dUsaroM para bharosA kara calane ko burA kahanA, kahane vAle ke lie acchA nahIM thaa| phira bhI kahA gayA haTho haThe yadvadabhiplutaH syAt, nau vi zraddhA ca yathA samudra / tathA parapratyayamAtradakSaH, lokaH pramAdAmbhasi bambhramIti // --'jo vyakti dUsaroM kI vANI kA anusaraNa karane meM hI dakSa hai, vaha pramAda ke jala meM vaise hI bhramaNa karatA hai, jaise jalakuMbhI kA paudhA dUsare paudhe ke pIche-pIche bahatA hai aura jaise nAva se baMdhI huI nAva usake pIche-pIche calatI hai|' ___ haribhadrasUri ko samanvaya kA purodhA aura unakI racanAoM ko samanvaya kI saMhitA kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba sampradAyoM meM apane-apane iSTadeva ke nAma kI mahimA gAyI jA rahI thI, usa samaya yaha svara kitanA mahattvapUrNa thA 1. lokatattvanirNaya, 16 / 2. vahI, 20 / 3. vahI, 14 /

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88 manana aura mUlyAMkana yasya nikhilAzca doSAH na santi sarve guNAzca vidynte| brahmA vA viSNurvA, haro jino vA namastasmai // -'jisake samasta doSa naSTa ho ca ke haiM, saba guNa prakaTa ho gae haiM, use merA namaskAra hai, phira vaha brahmA ho yA viSNu, mahAdeva ho yA jin| 'zAstravArtA' haribhadrasUri kI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| sAta sau zloka vAle isa graMtha meM vibhinna darzanoM ke matoM kI samIkSA hai| usameM nirasana kI dRSTi mukhya nahIM hai, samanvaya kI dRSTi satata upalabdha hai / usakA AdhArabhUta tattva yaha hai zAstrakArA mahAtmAnaH, prAyo vItaspahA bhve| sattvArthasaMpravRttAzca, kathaM te'yuktbhaassinnH|| abhiprAyastatasteSAM, samyagmagyo hitaissinnaa|' -jitane bhI zAstrakAra haiM ve saba mahAtmA haiN| prAyaH ve spRhArahita aura janahita ke lie pravRtta hote haiN| ve ayuktabhASI kaise hoMge? isalie satya-saMdhitsu vyakti ko unake abhiprAya kI samyak gaveSaNA karanI caahie|' ___ bauddha vidvAn diGa nAga (5 vIM zatI) ke nyAyapraveza para likhita TIkA isakA sAkSya hai ki anekAnta kA dRSTikoNa saMpradAyAtIta hai| SaDdarzana samuccaya eka laghu kRti hai, para isa dRSTi se yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai ki usameM sabhI darzanoM ke abhyupagamoM kA taTastha nirUpaNa hai| ___'anekAntajayapatAkA' (svopajJavRtti sahita), 'anekAntavAda praveza' aura 'sarvajJasiddhi' jainanyAya ke ullekhanIya grantha haiN| solaha SoDazakoM aura battIsa aSTakoM meM vividha viSaya cacita haiN| ve kevala kartA kI bahuzrutatA ke hI dyotaka nahIM haiM, saMskRta sAhitya ke gaurava-stambha bhI haiN| unameM siddhAnta-pratipAdana ke sAtha-sAtha kavitva bhI haiM zuzrUSA cehAdya, liGga khalu varNayanti vidvAMsaH / tadabhAvapi zrAvaNamasirAvanikUpakhananasamam // -'buddhi kA pahalA guNa zuzrUSA hai| use jAgRta kie binA tattvajJAna sunAne kA prayatna vaisA hI hai jaisA jalasrotarahita bhUmi meM kuAM khodane kA prayatna / ' ___ kucha vidvAn kahate haiM-jaina sAhitya meM gRhastha dharma kI sarvAMgINa mImAMsA nahIM miltii| yadi 'dharmabindu' unheM upalabdha hotA to yaha AlocanA nahIM hotii| ATha adhyAya vAle isa grantha ke prathama tIna adhyAyoM meM gRhastha ke laukika aura lokottara-donoM jIvana pakSoM kA saMtulita nirUpaNa hai| 1. lokatattvanirNaya, 40 / 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 3/15,16 / 3. SoDazaka, 11 / 1 /

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saMskRta sAhitya : eka vihaMgAvalokana 86 haribhadrasUrI ne yoga kI vividha paraMparAoM kA samanvaya kara jaina yogapaddhati ko nayA rUpa pradAna kiyaa| 'yogavizikA' prAkRta meM likhita hai / saMskRta meM unakI do mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiM-'yogadRSTisamuccaya' aura 'yogbindu'| unameM jainayoga aura pataMjali kI yoga paddhati kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta sUkSmamati se kiyA gayA hai| anekAntadRSTi prApta hone para sAMpradAyika abhiniveza samApta ho jAtA hai| yoga mArga meM bhI vaha nahIM hotaa| yaha Azaya ina zabdoM meM vyakta huA hai AtmIyaH parakIyo vA, kaH siddhAnto vipazcitAm / dRSTaSTAbAdhito yastu, tasya kAryaH parigrahaH // ' -'jJAnI ke lie koI bhI siddhAMta apanA yA parAyA nahIM hotaa| jo pratyakSa aura hetu se abAdhita hotA hai, vahI usake lie mAnya hotA hai|' vikrama kI AThavIM zatI meM saMskRta sAhitya kI jo dhArA pravAhita huI, vaha vartamAna zatI taka avicchinna rUpa meM pravAhita hai| vaha kabhI vizAla huI hai aura kabhI kSINa, para usakA astittva niraMtarita rahA hai| jaina paraMparA ke saMskRta sAhitya para abhI koI vyavasthita kArya nahIM huA hai| lekhaka, lekhana-sthAna, lekhana-kAla-ye saba abhI nirNaya kI pratIkSA meM haiN| aba taka 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' isa zIrSaka se jitane prabandha likhe gae haiM, ve yA to jaina paraMparA ke saMskRta sAhitya kA sparza nahIM karate yA do-cAra prasiddha granthoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kara viSaya ko sampanna kara dete haiM / jaina vidvAn bhI isa kArya ke prati udAsIna rahe haiM / ina dinoM kucha grantha prakAzita hue haiM, para ve apekSA ke anurUpa zodhapUrNa aura vaijJAnika paddhati se likhita nahIM haiN| maiM isa apekSA ko isalie prastuta kara rahA hUM ki 'jaina paraMparA ke saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' isa viSaya kA eka mahAgraMtha Adhunika zailI meM taiyAra kiyA jaae| maiM nahIM mAnatA ki isa laghukAya nibaMdha meM maiM rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhakoM kI sabhI saMskRta racanAoM ke sAtha nyAya kara skuuNgaa| haribhadrasUri kI racanAoM ke bAda siddhaSi kI mahAn kRti 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA' hai / yaha vi0 saM0 606 (I0 sa0 962) meM likhI gayI thii| zailI kI dRSTi se yaha eka apUrva graMtha hai| isameM kAlpanika pAtroM ke mAdhyama se dharma ke virATa svarUpa ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne likhA hai-ise par3hate hue aMgrejI kI jaoNna banayana kRta 'pilgrimsa progresa' kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, jisameM rUpaka kI rIti se dharmavRddhi aura usameM Ane vAlI vighna-bAdhAoM kI kathA kahI gayI hai| siddharSi ne upadezamAlA kI TIkA likhI, kucha anya grantha bhI likhe| para maiM kevala unhIM granthoM kA nAmollekha karanA apekSita samajhatA hUM, jinakA vidhA aura varNya-viSaya kI dRSTi se vaiziSTya hai| 1. yogabiMdu, 524 / 2. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 174 /

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60 manana aura mUlyAMkana vidhA aura preraka tattva deza, kAla, mAnyatAeM, paristhitiyAM, loka-mAnasa, loka-kalyANa, janapratibodha, zikSA aura uddezya-ye lekhana ke preraka tattva hote haiM / lekhana kI vidhAeM preraka tattvoM ke AdhAra para banatI haiN| jana lekhakoM ne aneka preraNAoM se saskRta sAhitya likhA aura aneka vidhAoM meM likhaa| dharma pracAra ke uddezya se dhArmika aura dArzanika graMtha likhe ge| apane abhyupagama kI sthApanA aura pratipakSa-nirasana ke lie tarkapradhAna nyAyazAstroM kI racanA huii| jana-pratibodha aura zikSA ke uddezya se kathA-graMthoM kA praNayana huaa| loka-kalyANa kI dRSTi se Ayurveda aura jyotiS ke graMtha nirmita hue| deza, kAla aura loka-mAnasa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jana lekhakoM ne prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta bhASA ko bhI mahattva diyaa| prAkRta yuga (vikrama kI tIsarI zatI taka) meM jaina lekhakoM ne kevala prAkRta meM likhA / prAkRta-saskRta-mizrita yuga (vikrama kI cauthI zatI se AThavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha taka) meM adhikAMza racanAeM prAkRta meM huIM aura kucha-kucha saMskRta meM bhii| vikrama kI pAMcavIM se sAtavIM zatI ke madhya likhita Agama-cUNiyoM meM mizrita bhASA kA prayoga milatA hai-prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta ke vAkya bhI prayukta haiN| AThavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM haribhadrasUrI ne prathama bAra Agama kI vyAkhyAeM saskRta meM likhiiN| vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke uttaravartI saMskRta prAkRta mizrita yuga meM AgamoM kI adhikAMza vyAkhyAeM saMskRta meM hI likhI gyiiN| anya sAhitya bhI adhika mAtrA meM saMskRta meM hI likhe ge| aura aneka vidhAoM meM likhe ge| gujarAta, mAlavA (madhya pradeza) aura dakSiNa bhArata tathA rAjasthAna meM bhI likhe gae sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| Ayurveda ___ Ayurveda kA sambandha jIvana se hai| jIvana kA sambandha svAsthya se hai| svAsthya kA sambandha hita-mita AhAra se hai| hita-mita AhAra karate hue bhI yadi roga utpanna ho jAe to cikitsA kI apekSA hotI hai / jaina vidvAnoM ne isa apekSA kI bhI yathAsambhava pUrti kI hai| unhoMne rAjasthAnI meM Ayurveda ke viSaya meM pracura sAhitya likhaa| kucha graMtha saMskRta meM bhI likhe / harSakIti sUrI (vikrama kI 17vIM zatI) kA 'yogaciMtAmaNi' aura yati hastiruci (vikrama kI 18vIM zatI) kA 'vaidya vallabha' donoM prasiddha graMtha haiN| ye cikitsA-kSetra meM bahuta pracalita rahe haiN| ina para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhI gyiiN| jyotiSa vikram kI AThavIM zatI se jaina muniyoM aura yatiyoM ne jyotiSa ke gratha likhane

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saMskRta sAhitya : eka vihaMgAvalokana 61 zurU kie| yaha krama 19vIM zatI taka claa| naracaMdra sUrI ne vi0 saM0 1280 meM jyotissAra (nAracaMdra jyotiS) nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| upAdhyAya naracaMdra vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI meM beDAjAtaka vRtti, praznazataka, prazna caturviMzatikA Adi aneka graMtha likhe| DaoN0 nemicaMdra zAstrI ne inake graMthoM kA mUlyAMkana karate hue likhA hai-beDA jAtakavRtti meM lagna aura caMdramA se hI samasta phaloM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha jAtaka graMtha atyanta upayogI hai| praznacaturvizatikA ke prArambha meM jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa gaNita likhA hai| graMtha atyanta gUr3ha aura rahasyapUrNa hai|' - upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne vikramI ke aThArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM 'varSaprabodha', 'ramalazAstra', 'hastasaMjIvana' Adi aneka graMtha likhe| DA0 nemicaMdra zAstrI ke anusAra-'inake phalita graMthoM ko dekhane se saMhitA aura sAmudrika zAstra saMbaMdhI prakANDa vidvattA kA patA sahaja meM laga jAtA hai| madhyayuga meM jaina upAzraya zikSA, cikitsA aura jyotiSa ke kendra bana gae the| jaise-jaise jana samparka bar3hA vaise-vaise loka kalyANakArI pravRttiyAM aura tadviSayaka sAhitya kI mAtrA bddh'ii| stotra ___ samUcA uttara bhArata bhakti kI lahara se AplAvita ho rahA thaa| Izvara aura guru kI stuti hI dharma kI pradhAna aMga bana rahI thii| jaina dharma bhI usa dhArA se aprabhAvita nahIM thaa| ina bAraha sau varSoM meM vipula mAtrA meM stotra ke pATha kI vRtti bhI vikasita kI gyii| saMskRta nahIM jAnane vAle bhI stotra kA pATha karate the / isake sAtha zraddhA aura vighna-vilaya kI bhAvanA donoM jur3I huI thiiN| stotroM ke sAtha maMtra-graMthoM kA bhI nirmANa huaa| aihika siddhi ke lie maMtra, yaMtra aura taMtra-tInoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| phalataH tInoM viSayoM para aneka graMthoM kI racanA huii| yAtrA-graMtha jinaprabhasUrI ne vi0 saM0 1386 (I0 sa0 1332) meM 'vividha-tIrthakalpa' nAmaka graMtha kA nirmANa kiyaa| tIrtha-yAtrA meM jo dekhA, usakA sajiva varNana huA usameM / usameM bhakti, itihAsa aura carita-tInoM eka sAtha milate haiN| 1. bhAratIya jyotiSa, saMskaraNa chaThA, pR0 102 / 2. vahI, pR0 106 /

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2 manana aura mUlyAMkana mahAkAvya aura kAvya I jana sAdhAraNa meM saMskRta kA jJAna nahIM thA / phira bhI usameM saMskRta aura saMskRtajJa ke prati sammAna kA bhAva thaa| kucha loga sahRdaya the, ve kAvya ke marma ko samajhate the / kAvya-zakti durlabha mAnI jAtI thI / rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM ne kevala kAvyoM kI hI racanA nahIM kI, unameM kucha prayoga bhI kie| udAharaNa ke lie mahopAdhyAya samayasundara kI aSTalakSI, jinaprabhasUrI ke vyAzraya kAvya aura upAdhyAya meghavijaya ke saptasandhAna kAvya ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| aSTalakSI vi0 saM0 1646 kI racanA hai / usameM 'rAjA no dadate saukhyam' ina ATha akSaroM ke ATha lAkha artha kiye gae haiM / mahAkavi dhanaMjaya ( gyArahavIM zatI) kA dvisandhAna kAvya tathA AcArya hemacaMdra kA vyAzraya kAvya pratiSThita ho cukA thA / vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI meM jinaprabhasUrI ne zreNika yAzraya kAvya likhA / usameM kAtantra vyAkaraNa kI durgasiMha kRta vRtti ke udAharaNa aura magadhapati zreNika kA jIvana caritra -- donoM eka sAtha calate haiM / vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatI meM upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne saptasaMdhAna kAvya kA nirmANa kiyA / usameM RSabha, zAntinAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIraina pAMca tIrthaMkaroM tathA rAma aura kRSNa ke carita nibaddha haiM / vikrama kI terahavIM zatI meM somaprabhAcArya ne 'sUktimuktAvali' kI racanA kI / vaha subhASita sUtra hone ke sAtha-sAtha prAMjala bhASA, prasAda guNa saMpanna padAvalI aura kalAtmaka kRti hai / inakI 'zrRMgAra vairAgya taraMgiNI' bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / 'sUktimuktAvali' kA dUsarA nAma 'siMdUraprakara' hai / isa para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhI gyiiN| isakA anusaraNa kara karpUra prakara, kastUrI prakara, hiMgula prakara Adi aneka sUkti-graMthoM kA sRjana huA / vikrama kI sAtavIM zatI taka jaina lekhaka dharma, darzana, nyAya, gaNita, jyotiSa, bhUgola, khagola, jIvana-carita aura kathA- - mukhyataH ina viSayoM para hI likhate rhe| vikrama kI AThavIM zatI se lekhana kI dhArAeM vikasita hone lgiiN| usameM sAmAjika-rAjanItika parivartana, sAmpradAyika pratispardhA aura saMgharSa, lokasaMgraha ke prati jhukAva, jaina zAsana ke astitva kI surakSA, zakti prayoga, zakti-sAdhanA, camatkAra - pradarzana, janatA ko AkarSita karane kA prayatna, bAhyAcAra para atirikta bala Adi aneka kAraNa bane / bauddha kavi azvaghoSa kA buddhacarita bahuta khyAti pA cukA thA / mahAkavi kAlidAsa, mAgha aura bhAravi ke kAvya prasiddhi ke zikhara para the / usa samaya jaina kaviyoM meM bhI saMskRta bhASA meM kAvya likhane kI manovRtti vikasita huI /

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saMskRta sAhitya : eka vihaMgAvalokana 13 rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhaka bhI isa pravRtti meM pIche nahIM rahe / mahAkAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM bhI aneka kAvyoM kI racanA huI / unameM 'bharatabAhubali mahAkAvya' kA ullekha anivArya hai / jainetara graMthoM para TIkAeM jaina AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ko udAratA kA dRSTikoNa virAsata meM prApta thA / unhoMne usakA upayoga sAhitya kI dizA meM bhI kiyaa| jaina lekhakoM ne bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhiiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhaka isameM agraNI rahe haiM / haribhadrasUrI ne bauddha vidvAn diGnAga (IsA kI pAMcavI zatI) ke nyAyapraveza para TIkA likhI / pArzvadeva gaNI ( apara nAma zrIcaMdrasUrI) ne vikrama kI bArahavIM zatI meM nyAyapraveza para paMjikA likhI / bauddha AcArya dharmadAsa ke 'vidagdhamukha maMDana' para jinaprabhasUrI ne eka vyAkhyA likhI / kharataragacchIya jina rAjasUrI ne vikrama kI paMdrahavIM zatI meM naiSadha carita para TIkA likhI / vikrama kI paMdrahavIM zatI meM bairATha ke aMcalagacchIya zrAvaka vADava ne kumArasaMbhava, meghadUta, raghuvaMza, mAgha Adi kAvyoM para 'avacUri', vidhA kI vyAkhyAeM nirmita kIM / siMhAvalokana rAjasthAna meM saMskRta kI saritA pravAhita huI, usameM jaina AcArya Adi-srota rahe haiM / IsA kI sAtavIM zatI meM mahAkavi mAgha ( bhInamAla pradeza) apanI kAvyazakti se rAjasthAna kI marudharA ko abhiSikta kara rahe the to dUsarI ora haribhadrasUrI ( cittor3a ) apanI bahumukhI pratibhA se marudharA ke kaNa-kaNa ko prANavAn banA rahe the| isake uttarakAla meM bhI jaina lekhakoM kI lekhanI sabhI dizAoM meM anavarata calI / vaha Aja bhI gatizIla hai / vartamAna zatI meM rAjasthAna meM vihAra karane vAle jaina AcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM aura lekhakoM ne aneka graMthoM, kAvyoM aura mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / saMskRta ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRttiyAM bhI pracalita haiM / prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza Aja pracalita bhASAeM: nahIM haiM / phira bhI ye bahuta samRddha bhASAeM haiN| vartamAna kI bhASA kA prayoga karate hue bhI inakA mUlya vismRta na karanA -- jaina paramparA kA yaha ciraMtana sUtra Aja bhI usakI smRti meM hai / saMskRta ke vikAsa aura usakI pravRtti ke pIche bhI vaha sarvatra prANavAn rahA hai /

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12. maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra upodghAta kucha loga paramparAvAdI hote haiM / ve paramparA se prApta apane zAstroM ko zAzvata mAnate cale jAte haiM / unheM una zAstroM ke pATha aura artha meM kisI anusaMdhAna kI apekSA anubhUta nahIM hotI / kintu anusaMdhitsu varga isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / vaha zAstra ke pATha aura artha - donoM kA anusaMdhAna karatA hai| jo kucha yA upalabdha hotA hai, use vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta bhI karatA hai / 1 hamane AcAryazrI tulasI ke vAcanA- pramukhatva meM jaina AgamoM ke anusaMdhAna kA 'kArya prAraMbha kiyA / eka ora hama pATha kA anusaMdhAna kara rahe haiM to dUsarI ora artha ke anusaMdhAna kA kArya bhI calatA hai / AgamoM ke sUtra pATha kI aneka vAcanAeM haiM aura pandraha sau varSa kI lambI avadhi meM, aneka kAraNoM se unake aneka pATha-bheda ho gae haiN| baMda unase bhI adhika milatA hai| anusaMdhAna kA uddezya hai - mUla pATha aura mUla marma kI khoja / aneka prakAra ke pAThoM ora arthoM meM se mUla pATha aura artha ko nikAlanA koI sarala kArya nahIM hai / phira bhI manuSya prayatna karatA hai aura kaThina kArya ko sarala banAne ko usameM bhAvanA sannihita hotI hai| hamArA prayatna aura hamArI bhAvanA mUla ke anusaMdhAna kI dRSTi se prerita hai| isIlie isa kArya ke prati hamArA dRSTikoNa satya ke prati samarpita hai, kisI sampradAya yA kisI vizeSa vicAra ke prati samarpita nahIM hai / maMgalavAda dArzanika yuga 'meM zAstra ke prAraMbha meM maMgala, abhidheya, saMbaMdha aura prayojana -- ye cAra anubandha batalAe jAte the / Agamayuga meM ina cAroM kI paramparA pracalita nahIM thI / AgamakAra apane abhidheya ke sAtha hI apane Agama kA prAraMbha karate the / Agama svayaM maMgala haiM / unake lie maMgala - vAkya Avazyaka nahIM hotA / jaya-dhavalA likhA hai ki Agama meM maMgala - vAkya kA niyama nahIM hai, kyoMki parama Agama meM

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maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra 15 citta ko kendrita karane se niyamataH maMgala kA phala upalabdha ho jAtA haiN|' isa vizeSa artha ko jJApita karane ke lie bhaTTAraka guNadhara ne grantha ke prArambha meM maMgala nahIM kiyA / AcArAMga sUtra ke prAraMbha meM maMgala vAkya upalabdha nahIM hai / usakA prArambha - 'suyaM me AusaM ! teNa bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM' - isa vAkya se hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha 'bujjhejja tiuTTe jjA' - isa upadeza vAkya se hotA hai / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra ke Adi- vAkya 'suyaM me AusaM ! teNa bhagavatA evamakhAtaM' hai / bhagavatI sUtra ke prArambha meM tIna maMgala-vAkya milate haiM 1. namo arahaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM, namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajjhAyANaM, namo basAhUNa 2. namo baMbhIe livIe 3. namo. suyassa / jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA - ina saba sUtroM kA prArambha 'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM'-- se hotA hai / praznavyAkaNa sUtra kA Adi vAkya hai - 'jambU' / vipAka sUtra kA Adi vAkya 'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM' hai / jaina AgamoM meM dvAdazAMgI svataH pramANa hai / yaha gaNadharoM dvArA racita mAnI jAtI hai| isakA bArahavAM aMga upalabdha nahIM hai / upalabdha gyAraha aMgoM meM, kevala bhagavatI sUtra ke prAraMbha meM maMgala- vAkya haiM, anya kisI aMga-sUtra kA prArambha maMgalavAkya se nahIM huA hai / sahaja hI prazna hotA hai ki upalabdha gyAraha aMgoM meM se kevala eka hI aMga meM maMgala - vAkya kA vinyAsa kyoM ? kAlAMtara meM maMgala - vAkya ke prakSipta hone kI adhika saMbhAvanA hai| jaba yaha dhAraNA rUr3ha ho gayI ki 1. kasAya pAhuDa bhAga 1, gAthA 1, pRSTha 6 : ettha puNa niyamo Natthi, paramAga - muvajogammi niyameNa maMgala phalovalaMbhAdo / 2. vahI, pRSTha 6 : edasya atyavisesassa jANAvaNaTTha guNaharabhaTTAraeNa gaMthassAdIe maMgalaM kayaM /

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96 manana aura mUlyAMkana Adi, madhya aura anta meM maMgala-vAkya honA cAhie taba ye maMgala-vAkya likhe ge| ___ bhagavatI sUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka ke prAraMbha meM bhI maMgala-vAkya upalabdha hotA hai-namo suyadevayAe bhgviie| abhayadeva sUrI ne isakI vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai| isase lagatA hai ki prAraMbha ke maMgala-vAkya, lipikAroM yA anya kisI AcArya ne, vRtti kI racanA se pUrva jor3a die the aura madhyavartI-maMgala vRtti kI racanA ke bAda jur3A / pandrahaveM adhyAya kA pATha vighnakAraka mAnA jAtA thA isalie isa adhyayana ke sAtha maMgalavAkya jor3A gayA, yaha bahuta saMbhava hai| maMgalavAkya ke prakSipta hone kI bAta anya AgamoM se bhI puSTa hotI hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha kI vRtti meM maMgalavAkya ke rUpa meM namaskAra maMtra vyAkhyAta hai, kintu cUNi meM vaha vyAkhyAta nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki cUNi ke racanAkAla meM vaha prattiyoM meM upalabdha nahIM thA aura vRtti kI racanA se pUrva vaha unameM jur3a gayA thaa| kalpasUtra (paryuSaNAkalpa) dazAzrutaskaMdha kA AThavAM adhyayana hai| usake prAraMbha meM bhI namaskAra maMtra likhA huA milatA hai| Agama ke mahAn anusaMdhAtA muni pUNyavijayajI ne ise prakSipta mAnA hai| unake anusAra prAcInatama tADapatrIya pratiyoM meM yaha upalabdha nahIM hai aura vRtti meM bhI vyAkhyAta nahIM hai| yaha aSTama adhyayana hone ke kAraNa isa meM madhya maMgala bhI nahIM ho sktaa| isalie yaha prakSipta prajJApanA sUtra ke prAraMbha meM bhI namaskAra mantra likhA huA hai, kintu haribhadrasUrI aura malayagiri-ina donoM vyAkhyAkAroM ke dvArA yaha vyAkhyAta nahIM hai| prajJApanA ke racanAkAra zrI zyAmArya ne maMgala-vAkya pUrvaka racanA kA prAraMbha 1.vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA, 13,14 : taM maMgalamAIe majjhe pajjatae ya satthassa / paDhamaM satthassAvigghapAragamaNAe nidditttth| tassevAvigghatthaM majjhimayaM aMtimaM ca tasseva / avvocchittinimittaM sissapasissAivaMsassa // kalpasUtra (muni puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita) pRSTha 3 : kalpasUtrArambhe netad namaskArasUtrarUpaM sUtraM bhUmnA prAcInatameSu tAr3apatrIyAdarzeSu dRzyate, nApi TIkAkRdAdibhiretadAdRtaM vyAkhyAtaM vA, tathA cAsya kalpasUtrasya dazAzrutaskaMdhasUtrasyASTamAdhyayanatvAnna madhye maMgalarUpatvenApi etatsUtraM saMgatamiti prakSipta mevaitat sUtramiti / /

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maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra 67 kiyA hai'| isase jJAta hotA hai ki I0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa AgamaracanA se pUrva maMgala vAkya likhane kI paddhati pracalita ho gayI / prajJApanAkAra kA maMgala vAkya unake dvArA racita hai| ise nivaddha - maMgala kahA jAtA hai / dUsaroM ke dvArA race hue maMgala- vAkya uddhRta karane ko 'anibaddha-maMgala' kahA jAtA hai / pratilekhakoM ne apane prati-lekhana meM kahIM-kahIM anibaddha-maMgala kA prayoga kiyA hai / isIlie maMgala vAkya likhane kI paraMparA kA sahI samaya khoja nikAlanA kucha jaTila ho gayA / namaskAra mahAmantra ke pATha bheda namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA bahuta pracalita pATha yaha hai - Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / prAcIna graMthoM meM isake aneka padoM evaM vAkyoM ke pAThAntara milate haiM* Namo - namo * arahaMtANaM - arihaMtANaM, aruhaMtANaM / * AyariyANaM - AiriyANaM / * Namo loe savvasAhUNaM - Namo savva sAhUNaM / * namo arahaMtAnaM, namo savasidhAnaM / * Namo namo -- prAkRta meM Adi meM 'na' kA 'Na' vikalpa se hotA hai isalie 'namo', 'namo' - ye donoM rUpa milate haiM / * arahatANaM, arihaMtANaM - prAkRta meM 'ahaM' dhAtu ke do rUpa banate haiMarahara, arihai / 'arahaMtANaM' aura 'arihaMtANaM' ye donoM 'ahaM' dhAtu ke zatR pratyayAMta rUpa haiM / ' arahaMta' aura 'arihaMta' - ina donoM meM koI arthabheda nahIM hai / vyAkhyAkAroM ne 'arihaMta' zabda ko saMskRta kI dRSTi se dekhakara usameM arthabheda kiyA hai| ari + haMta = zatru kA hanana karane vAlA / yaha artha zabda - sAmya ke 1. prajJApanA, pada 1, gAthA 1 : vavagajaramaraNabhae, siddhe abhivaMdiUNa tiviheNaM / vaMdAmi jinavaridaM, telokkaguruM mahAvIraM // 2. dhavalA, SaTkhaMDAgama 1-1-1 pRSTha 42 : taM ca maMgalaM duvihaM NibaddhamaNibaddhamidi / tattha NibaddhaM NAma, jo suttassAdIe suttakattAreNa kayadevadANamokkAro taM NibaddhamaMgalaM / jo suttassAdIe suttakattAreNa NaNibaddho devadANamokkAro tamaNibaddhamaMgalaM /

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18 manana aura mUlyAMkana kAraNa kiyA gayA hai / Avazyaka niyukti meM yaha artha upalabdha hai / arhatA kA artha isake bAda kiyA gayA hai| isa arthabheda ke hone para 'arahaMta' aura 'arihaMta' ye eka hI donoM dhAtu ke do rUpoM meM niSpanna do zabda nahIM hote kintu bhinna-bhinna artha vAle do zabda bana jAte haiN| Avazyaka sUtra ke niyuktikAra ne arahaMta, arihaMta ke tIna artha kie haiM1. pUjA kI ahaMtA hone ke kAraNa arht| 2. ari kA hanana karane ke kAraNa arihaMta / 3. raja-karma kA hanana karane ke kAraNa arihaMta / vIrasenAcArya ne 'arihaMtANa' pada ke cAra artha kie haiM1. ari kA hanana karane ke kAraNa arihNt| 2. raja kA hanana karane ke kAraNa arihata / 3. rahasya ke abhAva se arihaMta / 4. atizaya pUjA kI arhatA hone ke kAraNa arihNt'| prathama tIna artha ari+hantA-ina do padoM ke AdhAra para kiye gae haiM aura cauthA artha arha, dhAtu ke 'arahatA' pada ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se 'namo' aura 'Namo' tathA 'arahatANa' tathA 'arihaMtANaM'- ina do meM mAtra rUpabheda hai, kintu mantrazAstrIya dRSTi se 'na' aura 'Na' ke uccAraNa kI bhinna-bhinna pratikriyA hotI hai| 'Na' mUrdhanya varNa hai| usake uccAraNa se jo 1. Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 616, 620 : iMdiyavisayakasAye parIsahe veyaNAo uvsgge| ee ariNo haMtA, arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti / / avihaM vi a kamma, aribhUaM hoi svvjiivaannN| taM kammamariM haMtA, arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti / / 2. vahI, gAthA 621, 622: arihaMti vaMdaNanamaMsaNANi arihaMti pUasakkAre / siddhigamaNaM ca arihA arahatA teNa vuccaMti / / . devAsuramaNuesu arihA pUA suruttamA jamhA / 3. vahI, gAthA 622: ariNo rayaM ca haMtA arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti / / 4. dhavalA, SaTkhaMDAgama 1-1-1, pR043-45 : arihnnaadrihntaa|" rajohananAd vA arihntaa|... rahasyAbhAvAd vA arhntaa|atishypuujaarhtvaat vArhantaH / 5. vidyAnuzAsana, yogazAstra pRSTha 60, 61 /

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maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra 66 gharSaNa hotA hai, jo mastiSkIya prANa-vidyut kA saMcAra hotA hai, vaha 'na' ke uccAraNa se nahIM hotaa| arahaMtANaM ke akAra aura arihaMtANaM ke ikAra kA bhI maMtrazAstrIya artha eka nahIM hai| maMtrazAstra ke anusAra akAra kA varNa svaNima aura svAda namakIna hotA hai tathA ikAra kA varNa svarNima aura svAda kaSailA hotA hai| akAra pulliga aura ikAra napuMsakaliMga hotA hai| arahaMtANaM-yaha pATha-bheda bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti meM vyAkhyAta hai| vattikAra abhayadevasUrI ne isakA artha apunarbhava kiyA hai| jaise bIja ke atyanta dagdha hone para usase aMkura nahIM phUTatA, vaise hI karma-bIja ke atyanta dagdha ho jAne para bhavAMkura nahIM phuutttaa| Avazyakaniyukti aura dhavalA meM 'aruhaMta' pATha vyAkhyAta nahIM hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha pAThAntara unake uttarakAla meM banA hai| aisI anuzruti bhI hai ki yaha pAThAntara tamila kaura kannar3a bhASA ke prabhAva se huA hai| kintu isakI puSTi ke lie koI spaSTa pramANa prApta nahIM hai| 'aruha' zabda kA prayoga AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya me milatA hai| unhoMne 'aruhaMta' aura 'arahaMta' kA eka hI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| ve dakSiNa ke the, isalie 'arahaMta' ke artha meM 'aruha' kA prayoga dakSiNa ke uccAraNa se prabhAvita hai, isa upapatti kI puSTi hotI hai / bodhaprAbhRta meM unhoMne 'arhat' kA varNana kiyA hai| usameM 28, 29, 30, 32-ina cAra gAthAoM meM 'arahaMta' kA prayoga hai aura 31, 34, 36, 36, 41 ina pAMca gAthAoM meM 'aruha' kA prayoga hai| __AcArya hemacandra ne upalabdha prayogoM ke AdhAra para arhat zabda ke tIna rUpa siddha kie haiM--aruho, araho, ariho, aruhanto arahanto, arihnto| ____ DaoN0 pizela ne arahA, arihA, aruhA aura arihanta kA vibhinna bhASAoM kI dRSTi se adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| arahA, arahanta- ardhamAgadhI arihA -zaurasenI aruhA -jaina mahArASTrI 1. bhagavatI vRtti, patra 3 : aruhaMtANamityapi pAThAntaraM, tatra arohadbhyaH anupajAyamAnebhyaH kSINakarmabIjatvAt, Aha ca--- 'dagdhe bIje yathA'tyantaM, prAdurbhavati naaNkurH| karmabIje tathA dagdhe, na rohati bhavAMkuraH // 2. hemazabdAnuzAzana, 8/2/111 : uccAhati / 3. kampereTiva grAmara oNpha dI prAkRta leMgvejeja, pizela '' 140, pRSTha 113 /

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100 manana aura mUlyAMkana ahiMtANaM AyariyANaM - AiriyANaM Agama sAhitya meM yakAra ke sthAna meM ikAra ke prayoga milate haiM - vayaguttavaigutta / vayara - vaira / isa prakAra 'Ayariya' aura 'Airiya' meM rUpabheda hai / * Namo loe savvasAhUNaM - Namo savvasAhUNaM - abhayadevasUrI ke anusAra bhagavatI sUtra ke maMgalavAkya ke rUpa meM upalabdha namaskAra maMtra kA pAMcavAM pada ' Namo savvasAhUNaM' hai| 'Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' kA unhoMne pAThAntara ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai - Namo loe savvasAhUNa ti kvacitpAThaH / ' isa pAThAntara kI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki 'sarva' zabda AMzika sarva ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai | ataH paripUrNa sarva kA bodha karAne ke lie isa pAThAntara meM 'loka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai' / 'loka' aura 'sarva' - ina donoM zabdoM ke hone para yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hI hai aura abhayadevasUrI ne isI kA samAdhAna kiyA hai / dazAgtaskaMdha ke vRttikAra brahmaRSi ne bhI 'Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' ko pAThAntara ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAta kiyA hai'| isakI vyAkhyA meM ve abhayadevasUrI kA akSaraza: anusaraNa karate haiM / -- mAgadhI hamane abhayadevasUrI kI vRtti ke AdhAra para bhagavatI sUtra meM 'Namo savvasAhUNaM' ko mUlapATha aura ' Namo loe sadhvasAhUNaM' ko pAThAntara svIkRta kiyA hai / isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' sarvatra pAThAntara hai| Avazyaka sUtra meM hamane ' Namo loe savva sAhUNaM' ko hI mUla pATha mAnA hai / hamane Agama- anusaMdhAna kI jo paddhati nirdhArita kI hai, usake anusAra hama prAcInatama prati yA cUNi, vRtti Adi vyAkhyA meM upalabdha pATha ko prAthamikatA dete haiN| sabase adhika prAthamikatA Agama meM upalabdha pATha ko dete haiM / Agama ke dvArA Agama ke pAThasaMzodhana meM sarvAdhika prAmANikatA pratIta hotI hai| isa paddhati ke anusAra hameM sarvatra 'Namo loe savva sAhUNaM' ise mUlapATha ke rUpa meM svIkRta karanA cAhie thA, kintu namaskAra mantra kisa Agama kA mUlapATha hai, isakA nirNaya abhI nahIM ho pAyA hai| yaha jahAM kahIM upalabdha hai vahAM grantha ke avayava ke rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai, maMgalavAkya ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai / Avazyaka sUtra ke prAraMbha meM namaskAra mantra 1. bhagavatI vRtti, patra 4 / 2 . vahI, patra 4 : tatra sarvazabdasya deza sarvatAyAmapi darzanAdaparizeSa sarvatopadarzanArthamucyate 'loke' - manuSyaloke na tu gacchAdau ye sarvasAdhavastebhyo namaH / 3. hastalikhita vRtti, patra 4 /

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maMgalavAda : namaskAra mahAmaMtra 101 milatA hai / kintu vaha Avazyaka kA aMga nahIM hai / Avazyaka ke mUla aMga sAmAyika, caturviMzastava Adi haiN| isa dRSTi se bhagavatI sUtra meM namaskAra maMtra kA jo prAcIna rUpa hameM milA, vahI hamane mUlarUpa meM svIkRta kiyA / abhayadevasUrI kI vyAkhyA se prAcIna yA samakAlIna koI bhI prati prApta nahIM hai / yaha vRtti hI sabase prAcIna hai / isalie vRttikAra dvArA nirdiSTa pATha aura pAThAntara ko svIkAra karanA hI ucita pratIta huA / ' Namo savvasAhUNaM' pATha maulika hai yA 'Namo loe savva sAhUNaM' pATha maulika hai - isakI carcA yahAM apekSita nahIM hai / yahAM itanI hI carcA apekSita hai ki abhayadevasUrI ko bhagavatI sUtra kI pratiyoM meM 'Namo savvasAhUNaM' pATha prApta huA aura kvacit 'Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' pATha milA / * namo arahaMtAnaM - rAmo sava- sidhAnaM - yaha pAThAntara khAravela ke hAthIguMphA lekha meM milatA haiN'| isameM aMtima nakAra bhI NakAra nahIM hai, siddha ke sAtha sarva zabda kA yoga hai aura 'sidhAnaM' meM dvitva 'dha' prayukta nahIM hai / yaha pATha bhI bahuta purAnA hai, isalie ise bhI upekSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 1. prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekha, dvitIya khaNDa, pRSTha 26 /

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13. namaskAra mahAmantra kA mala srota saura katI namaskAra mahAmantra Adi-maMgala ke rUpa meM aneka AgamoM aura granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / abhayadeva-sUrI ne bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti ke prArambha meM namaskAra mahAmantra kI vyAkhyA kI hai| prajJApanA ke AdarzoM meM prArambha meM namaskAra mahAmantra likhA huA milatA hai, kiMtu ma jayagiri ne prajJApanA vRtti meM usakI vyAkhyA nahIM kii| SaTkhaMDa ke prArambha meM namaskAra mahAmantra maMgala sUtra ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai| ina saba upalabdhiyoM se usake mUla srota kA patA nahIM cltaa| mahAnizItha meM likhA hai ki paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha kA vyAkhyAna sUtra kI niyukti, bhASya aura cUNiyoM meM kiyA gayA thA aura vaha vyAkhyAna tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA prApta huA thaa| kAladoSa se ve niyukti, bhASya aura cUNiyAM vicchinna ho gyiiN| phira kucha samaya bAda vajrasvAmI ne namaskAra mahAmantra kA uddhAra kara use mUla sUtra meM sthApita kiyaa| yaha bAta vRddha sampradAya ke AdhAra para likhI gayI hai| isase bhI namaskAra maMtra ke mUla srota para koI prakAza nahIM pdd'taa|| ____ Avazyaka niyukti meM vajrasUrI ke prakaraNa meM ukta ghaTanA kA ullekha bhI nahIM hai| vajrasUrI dasa pUrvadhara hue haiN| unakA astitvakAla I0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdI hai| zayyaMbhavasUrI caturdaza pUrvadhara hue haiM aura unakA astitvakAla I0 pU0 5-6 1. mahAnizItha, adhyayana 5, abhidhAna rAjendra pR0 1835 : io ya vaccaMteNaM kAleNaM samaeNaM mahaDDhipatte payANusArI vairasAmI nAma duvAlasaMgasuahare smuppnne| teNa ya paMca maMgala mahAsuyakkhaMdhassa uddhAro mUlasuttassa majhelihioesa vuddddhsNpyaao| eyaM tu jaM paMcamaMgala mahAsuyakkhaMdhassa vakkhANaM taM mahayA pabaMdheNa aNaMtagayapajjavehiM suttassa ya piyabhUyAhiM NijuttibhAsacunnIhiM jaheva aNaMtanANadasaNadharehi titthayarehi vakkhANiyaM taheva samAso vakkhANijjataM Asi / ahannayAkAlaparihANidoseNaM tAo NijuttibhAsacunnIo vucchinnaao|

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namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mUla srota aura karttA 103 zatAbdI hai / unhoMne kAyotsarga ko namaskAra ke dvArA pUrNa karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai'| dazarvakAlika sUtra kI donoM cUrNiyoM aura hAribhadrIya vRtti meM namaskAra kI vyAkhyA ' Namo arihaMtANaM' maMtra ke rUpa meM kI hai / AcArya vIrasena ne SaDkhaMDAgama ke prArambha meM diye gae namaskAra maMtra ko nibaddhamaMgala batalAyA hai| isakA phalita yaha hotA hai ki namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke karttA AcArya puSpadanta haiM / AcArya vIrasena ne yaha kisa AdhAra para likhA, isakA koI anya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA / jaise bhagavatI sUtra kI pratiyoM ke prArambha meM namaskAra mahAmaMtra likhA huA thA aura abhayadevasUrI ne use sUtra kA aMga mAnakara usakI vyAkhyA kI, vaise hI AcArya puSpadanta ko usakA karttA batalA diyA / AcArya puSpadanta kA astitva kAla vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ( I0 pahalI zatAbdI) hai / khAravela kA zilAlekha I0 pU0 152 kA hai / usameM 'namo arahaMtANaM' 'namo savasidhAnaM' - ye pada milate haiN| isase namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA astitva-kAla AcArya puSpadanta se bahuta pahale calA jAtA hai / zayyaMbhava sUrI kA dazavaikAlika meM prApta nirdeza bhI isI ora saMketa karatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra dIkSita hue taba unhoMne siddhoM ko namaskAra kiyA thA / uttarAdhyayana ke bIsaveM adhyayana ke prArambha meM 'siddhANaM namo kiccA, saMjayANaM ca bhAvao' - siddha aura sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ina sabase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki namaskAra kI paripATI bahuta purAnI hai, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM paMca maMgalAtmaka namaskAra maMtra pracalita thA yA nahIM - isa prazna kA nizcayAtmaka uttara denA sarala nahIM hai / mahAnizItha ke ukta prasaMga ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna svarUpa vAlA namaskAra mahAmaMtra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM pracalita thA / kintu usakI puSTi ke lie koI dUsarA pramANa apekSita hai| Avazyaka niryukti meM eka mahattvapUrNa 1. dasaveAliyaM, 5 / 1 / 63 : NamokkAreNa pAritA / 2. (ka) agastyacUrNa, pR0 123; 'namo arahaMtANaM' ti eteNa vayaNeNa kAustaggaM pArettA / (kha) jinadAsa cUNi, pR0 186 | (ga) hAribhadrIyAvRtti, patra 180 : namaskAreNa pArayitvA 'namo arahaMtANaM' ityanena / 3. SaTkhaMDAgama, khaMDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pR0 42 : idaM puNa jIvadvANaM NibaddhamaMgalaM / etto imesi coddasahaM jIvasamAsANaM idi edassa suttassAdIe Nibaddha ' Namo arihaMtANaM' iccAdi devadANamokkAradaMsaNAdo | 4. AyAracUlA 1532 : siddhANaM NamokkAraM karei /

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104 manana aura mUlyAMkana sUcanA milatI hai| niyuktikAra ne likhA hai- 'paMca parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kara sAmAyika karanA caahie| yaha paMca namaskAra sAmAyika kA hI eka aMga hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki namaskAra mahAmaMtra utanA hI purAnA hai jitanA sAmAyika sUtra / sAmAyika Avazyaka kA prathama adhyayana hai| naMdI meM AyI huI Agama kI sUcI meM usakA ullekha hai| namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA vahAM eka zrutaskandha yA mahAzrutaskandha ke rUpa meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| isase bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha sAmAyika adhyayana kA eka aMgabhUta rahA hai| sAmAyika ke prArambha meM aura usake anta meM paMca parameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| kAyotsarga ke prArambha aura anta meM bhI paMcanamaskAra kI paddhati pracalita thii| AcArya bhadrabAhu ke anusAra naMdI aura anuyogadvAra ko jAnakara tathA paMcamaMgala ko namaskAra kara sUtra ko prArambha kiyA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai isIlie aneka AgamasUtroM ke prArambha meM namaskAra mahAmaMtra likhane kI paddhati pracalita huii| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne usI AdhAra para namaskAra mahAmaMtra ko sarvazrutAntargata btlaayaa| unake anusAra paMca namaskAra karane para hI AcArya sAmAyika Adi Avazyaka aura kramazaH zeSa zruta ziSyoM ko par3hAte the| prArambha meM namaskAra maMtra kA pATha dene aura usake bAda Avazyaka kA pATha dene kI paddhati thii| isa prakAra anya sUtroM ke prArambha meM bhI namaskAra maMtra kA pATha kiyA jAtA thaa| isa dRSTi se use sarva-zrutAbhyantaravartI kahA gyaa| phira bhI namaskAra maMtra ko jaise sAmAyika kA aMga batalAyA hai vaise kisI anya Agama kA aMga nahIM batAyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mUlasrota sAmAyika adhyayana hI siddha hotA hai / Avazyaka yA sAmAyika adhyayana ke kartA yadi gautama gaNadhara ko mAnA jAe to paMcamaMgala rUpa namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke kartA bhI gautama gaNadhara hI Thaharate haiN| 1. Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1027 : kayapaMcanamokkAro karei sAmAiyaMti so'bhihito| sAmAiyaMgameva ya ja so sesaM ato vocchN| 2. vahI, gAthA 1026 : naMdimaNuogadAraM vihivaduvagghAiyaM ca nAUNaM / kAUNa paMcamaMgalamAraMbho hoi suttassa / / 3.vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA : sosavvasutakkhaMdhabbhantarabhUtojaotato tassa / AvAsayANuyogAdigahaNagahito'Nuyogo vi // 4. vahI, gAthA /

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namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mUla srota aura karttA 105 namaskAra mahAmantra ke pada kucha AcAryoM ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra ko anAdi batalAyA hai / yaha zraddhA kA atireka hI pratIta hotA hai / tattva yA artha kI dRSTi se kucha bhI anAdi ho sakatA hai / usa dRSTi se dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka bhI anAdi hai, kintu zabda yA bhASA kI dRSTi se dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka bhI anAdi nahIM hai, phira namaskAra mahAmaMtra anAdi kaise ho sakatA hai ? hama isa bAta ko bhUla jAte haiM ki jaina AcAryoM ne vedoM kI apauruSeyatA kA isI AdhAra para nirasana kiyA thA ki koI bhI zabdamaya grantha apauruSeya nahIM ho sakatA, anAdi nahIM ho sakatA / jo vAG maya hai vaha manuSya ke prayatna se hI hotA hai| aura jo prayatnajanya hotA hai vaha anAdi nahIM ho sktaa| namaskAra mahAmaMtra vAG maya hai / ise hama yadi anAdi mAneM to vedoM ke apauruSeyatva aura anAditva ke nirasana kA koI artha hI nahIM rahatA / namaskAra mahAmantra jisa rUpa meM Aja upalabdha hai usI rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM yA unase pUrva pArzva Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM upalabdha thA yA nahIM, isa para nizcayapUrvaka kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, phira bhI isa saMbhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM 'namo siddhANaMyaha pada pracalita rahA ho, aura phira Avazyaka kI racanA ke samaya usake pAMca pada kiye gae hoM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI vyavasthA nahIM miltii| usakA vikAsa unake nirvANa ke bAda huA hai aura saMbhava hai ki 'namo AyariyANaM' 'namo uvajjhAyANaM' ye pada usI samaya namaskAra mantra ke sAtha jur3e hoM / namaskAra mahAmantra ke padoM ko lekara jo carcA prArambha huI thI, usase isa bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai| carcA kA eka pakSa yaha thA ki namaskAra mahAmaMtra saMkSipta aura vistAra - donoM dRSTiyoM se ThIka nahIM hai / yadi isakA saMkSipta rUpa ho to ' Namo siddhANaM' 'Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' - ye do hI pada hone caahie| yadi isakA vistRta rUpa ho to isake aneka pada hone caahieN| jaise- namo kevalINaM, namo suya kevalINaM, namo ohinANINaM, namo maNapajjavanANINa, Adi-Adi / dUsare pakSa kA ciMtana yaha thA ki arhat, AcArya aura upAdhyAya niyamataH sAdhu hote haiM, kiMtu sAdhu niyamataH arhat, AcArya aura upAdhyAya nahIM hote| kucheka sAdhu arhat Adi hote haiM / sAdhu ko namaskAra karane meM vaha phala prApta nahIM hotA jo arhat ko namaskAra karane meM hotA hai / isa dRSTi se namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke pAMca pada 9. Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA 1020 : arihaMtAI niyamA sAhU sAhU ya tesu bhaiyavvA / tamhA paMcaviho khalu heunimittaM havai siddho //

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106 manana aura mUlyAMkana kiye gae haiN| uttarapakSa kA tarka bahuta zaktizAlI nahIM hai, phira bhI isa prasaMga dvipakSIya cintana kI sUcanA avazya mila jAtI hai / karttA kI apanI-apanI apekSA hotI hai / jisa samaya arhat, AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA mahattva bar3ha gayA thA samaya mahAmantra ke karttA unako svatantra sthAna kaise nahIM dete ? namaskAra mahAmantra ke padoM kA krama namaskAra mahAmantra ke padoM kA krama bhI carcita rahA hai| krama do prakAra kA hotA hai-- pUrvAnupUrvI aura pazcAnupUrvI / pUrva pakSa kA kahanA hai ki namaskAra mahAmantra meM ye donoM prakAra ke krama nahIM haiM / yadi pUrvAnupUrvI krama ho to Namo siddhANaM', ' Namo arahaMtANaM' aisA honA caahie| yadi pazcAnupUrvI krama ho to ' Namo loe savva sAhUNaM - yahAM se vaha prArambha honA cAhie aura usake anta meM ' Namo siddhANaM' honA caahie| uttara pakSa kA pratipAdana yaha rahA ki namaskAra mahAmantra kA krama pUrvAnupUrvI hI hai| isameM krama kA vyatyaya nahIM hai / isa krama kI puSTi ke lie niyuktikAra ne yaha tarka prastuta kiyA ki siddha arhat ke upadeza se hI jAne jAte haiM / ve jJApaka hone ke kAraNa hamAre adhika nikaTa haiM, adhika pUjanIya haiM, ataH unako prathama sthAna diyA gayA / AcArya malayagiri ne eka tarka aura prastuta kiyA ki arhat aura siddha kI kRtakRtyatA meM dIrghakAla kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai| unakI kRtakRtyatA prAyaH samAna hI hai / Atma vikAsa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe to arhat aura siddha meM koI antara nahIM hotA / Atma-vikAsa meM bAdhA DAlane vAle cAra ghAtya karma hI haiN| unake kSINa hone para Atma-svarUpa pUrNa vikasita ho jAtA hai / vikAsa kA eka aMza bhI nyUna nahIM rahatA / kevala bhagrAhI karma zeSa rahane ke kAraNa arhat zarIra ko dhAraNa kie rahate haiM / ataH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki arhat se siddha bar3e haiM / naizcayika dRSTi se bar3e-choTe kA koI prazna hI nahIM hai / yaha prazna mAtra vyAvahArika hai / vyavahAra ke stara para arhat kA prathama sthAna adhika ucita hai / arhat yA tIrthaMkara dharma ke Adikara hote haiM / dharma kA srota unhIM se nikalatA hai / usI meM niSNAta hokara aneka vyaktiH 1. Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA 1020, malayagirivRtti patra 552-553 / 2. vahI, gAthA 1021 : puvvANupuvi na kamo neva ya pacchAnupuvvi esa bhave / siddhAIA paDhamA bIAe sAhuNo AI || 3. vahI, gAthA 1022: arihaMtu eseNaM siddhA najjati teNa arihAI | 4. vahI, malayagirivRtti, patra 553 /

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namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mala srota aura karttA 107 siddha banate haiN| ataH vyavahAra ke dharAtala para dharma ke Adikara yA mahAsrota hone ke kAraNa jitanA mahattva arhat kA hai utanA siddha kA nhiiN| prathama pada meM arhata zabda ke dvArA kevala tIrthakara hI vivakSita haiM, anya kevalI yA arhat vivakSita nahIM haiN| yadi naizcayika dRSTi kI bAta hotI to sAmAnya kevalI yA sAmAnya arhat ko pAMcaveM pada meM saba sAdhuoM kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA jaataa| AcArya aura upAdhyAya tIsare-cauthe pada meM haiM aura kevalI pAMcaveM pada meN| isakA vyAvahArika hetu upayogitA hI hai| ___yaha prazna kiyA gayA ki AcArya arhata ke bhI jJApaka hote haiM, isalie Namo AyariyANaM' yaha prathama pada honA caahie| isake uttara meM niyuktikAra ne kahA'AcArya arhat kI pariSad hote haiM / koI bhI vyakti pariSad ko praNAma kara rAjA ko praNAma nahIM krtaa| arhat aura siddha donoM tulya-bala haiM, isalie unameM paurvAparya kA vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu paramanAyaka arhat aura pariSatkalpa AcArya meM paurvAparya kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA mahattva prastuta mahAmantra samagra jaina zAsana meM samAna rUpa se pratiSThA prApta hai| yahI isakI prAcInatA kA hetu hai| yadi yaha zvetAmbara aura digambara kA antara hone ke bAda nirmita hotA to saMbhava hai ki samagra jaina zAsana meM ise itanI pratiSThA prApta nahIM hotii| kisI eka sampradAya meM isakA mahattva hotA, dUsare meM itanA mahattva nahIM hotaa| yaha mantrAdhirAja ke rUpa meM pratiSThita nahIM hotaa| lagabhaga Der3ha hajAra varSa kI avadhi meM isa mahAmantra para vipula sAhitya racA gyaa| isake sahAre aneka mantroM kA vikAsa huA aura isakI stuti meM aneka kAvya race ge| yaha jainatva kA pratIka banA huA hai| 'jo jaina hotA hai vaha kama-se-kama mahAmantra kA avazya pATha karatA hai| vaha kaisA jaina jo mahAmantra ko nahIM jAnatA ?jo namaskAra mahAmantra ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai| use paramabandhu mAnanA caahie|" isa ukti se hama namaskAra mahAmantra kI vyApakatA kA mUlyAMkana kara sakate haiM ? 1. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1022 /

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14. prajJA aura prajJa merI dhAraNA thI ki prajJA ke viSaya meM bauddha sAhitya meM bahuta carcA hai / pAtaMjala yogadarzana meM bhI usakI paribhASA milatI hai| jainadarzana meM isakI carcA nahIM hai yA bahuta svalpa hai / do varSa pUrva taka merI yahI dhAraNA banI rahI / Agama sAhitya ke maMthana kA itanA avasara milane para bhI usa dhAraNA ko badalane kA koI nimitta nahIM milA / jJAna ke ananta paryAya hote haiM / kucheka paryAyoM ko hama chUte haiM, anachUe paryAya ananta raha jAte haiM / vi0 saM0 2035 kArtika zuklA 13 ke dina gaMgAzahara dIkSA kA bRhad samAroha thaa| acAnaka AcAryazrI tulasI ne kahA - "tuma khar3e jAo / " unake AdezAnusAra maiM khar3A ho gayA / AcAryazrI ne eka pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha mujhe 'mahAprajJa' ke alaMkaraNa se alaMkRta kiyaa| usa dina maiMne nahIM socA thA ki eka dina yaha alaMkaraNa merA nAma bana jAegA / vi0 saM0 2035 mAgha zuklA saptamI ke dina rAjaladesara meM AcAryavara ne mujhe yuvAcArya banAyA aura merA nAma mahAprajJa kara diyaa| muni nathamala aba mahAprajJa ho gayA / kArtika zuklA caturdazI ke dina gaMgAzahara meM 'mahAprajJa' alaMkaraNa kA abhinandana samAroha kiyA gyaa| usameM AzIrvAda dete hue AcAryavara ne kahA"aba tuma hamAre saMgha meM apanI prajJA kI razmiyAM bikhero / " usa dina se prajJA aura mahAprajJa - ye donoM zabda mere lie anveSaNIya bana gae / zubhakaraNajI dazAnI tathA dharmacanda copar3A Adi ne mahAprajJa kI garimA kA vizleSaNa kiyA / muni dulaharAjajI ne uttarAdhyayana ko uddhRta karate hue 'mahAprajJa' ke mahattva kA varNana kiyaa| muni gaNezamalajI, muni dulIcaMdajI ne mahAprajJa kI anuzaMsA kI / aneka sAdhviyoM prajJA ke prati apanA abhinandana prastuta kiyaa| sAdhvIpramukhA kanakaprabhAjI ne prajJA ke vistAra kI maMgala bhAvanA kI / pUre samAroha meM prajJA aura mahAprajJa - ye do zabda guMjita ho rahe the| mere kAno meM bhI ye donoM zabda niraMtara pratidhvanita ho rahe the aura merA citta unake arthAnusaMdhAna meM laga rahA thA / pataMjali kA 'RtaMbharA prajJA', gItA kA sthitaprajJa aura 'tasya prajJA pratiSThitA' tathA bauddha sAhitya kA 'paJJa aura paJJA' - ye zabda mere smRti paTala para A-jA rahe the| jaina sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kA 'mahApaNNa' (uttarA0 5 / 1) zabda mere sAmane

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prajJA aura prajJa 106 thaa| usake atirikta dUsarA zabda dhyAna meM nahIM utara rahA thaa| maiMne socAAcAryazrI ne yaha zabda kyoM cunA? isakA rahasya kyA hai ? bahuta cintana karane para bhI maiM rahasya ko nahIM samajha paayaa| maiMne apanI ciraMtana prakRti ke anusAra isa prazna ko antazcetanA ko sauMpa diyaa| maiM isa cintana se mukta ho gyaa| isa prakriyA se mujhe sadA samAdhAna milate rahe haiN| kabhI alpAvadhi se samAdhAna mila jAtA hai aura kabhI dIrghAvadhi se| maiM usameM koI hastakSepa nahIM krtaa| dIrghakAla taka samAdhAna na milane para bhI adhIra nahIM hotaa| merI dhRti ne sadA mujhe sAtha diyA hai aura antazcetanA ne kabhI mujhe dhokhA nahIM diyA hai|| __ abhI eka mAsa pUrva (saM0 2037 ASAr3ha) mahAprajJa kA rahasya anAvRta ho gyaa| AcAryazrI dvArA mahAprajJa zabda ke cunAva kA artha spaSTa ho gyaa| jaina paramparA meM prajJA kI vilupta dhArA ko punaH pratiSThita karane ke lie hI yaha zabda cunA gyaa| muni dulaharAjajI sUtrakRtAMga ke TippaNa sunA rahe the| sUtrakRtAMga kA chaThA adhyayana hai 'viirtthuii| mahAvIra kI stuti ke prasaMga meM prajJa (6/4, 15), AzuprajJa (6/7, 25) aura bhUtiprajJa (6/15, 18) ye do-do bAra prayukta hue haiN| isake atirikta anya adhyayanoM meM bhI prajJa, mahAprajJa aura AzuprajJa-inakA aneka bAra prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI prajJa, prajJAna aura prajJAnavAna kA aneka bAra prayoga milatA hai| dUsare adhyayana ke pacIsaveM aura chabIsaveM-donoM sUtroM meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke sAtha prajJAna zabda kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| zeSa sthAnoM meM prajJAna kA prayoga prajJA ke artha meM huA hai / mUla prazna hai -prajJA kyA hai ? kumAra zramaNa kezI ke uttara meM gautama ne kahA-dharma kA darzana aura tattva kA nizcaya prajJA se hotA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki prajJA indriyajJAna se prApta pratyayoM kA viveka karane vAlI buddhi se pare kA jJAna hai| kumAra zramaNa kezI ne gautama kI prajJA ko bAra-bAra sAdhuvAda diyA hai| AcAracUlA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki samAdhistha muni kI prajJA bar3hatI hai| dhyAna aura samAdhi ke sAtha jisa prajJA kA saMbaMdha hai vaha indriyAtIta hai| vIrastuti meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra prajJA ke akSaya sAgara the| 1. prjny-suuygddo-17|8; 1 / 14 / 16; 2 / 1166; 21616 / mhaaprjny-suuygddo-1|11|13, 38 / ___ aashuprjny-suuygddo-13|2; 1 / 14 / 4,22; 2 / 5 / 1; 2 / 6 / 18 / 2. uttrjjhynnaanni-23|25| 3. vahI, adhyayana 23 / 4. AyAracUlA, 16 / 5 / 5. sUyagaDo, 1 / 6 / /

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110 manana aura mUlyAMkana ukta vivaraNa se do prakAra kI prajJA phalita hotI hai-- indriya-saMbaddha - prajJA aura indriyAtIta prajJA | dhavalAkAra ne prajJA aura jJAna kA bheda batalAyA hai / unake anusAra guru ke upadeza se nirapekSa jJAna kI hetubhUta caitanya zakti kA nAma prajJA hai aura jJAna usakA kArya hai' / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prajJA zAstrIya jJAna se upalabdha nahIM hotI / vaha cetanA kA zAstra-nirapekSa vikAsa hai / jaina sAhitya meM aneka labdhiyAM yA RddhiyAM varNita haiN| maharSi pataMjali kI bhASA meM unheM yogavibhUti kahA jA sakatA hai / una labdhiyoM meM eka labdhi hai-prajJAzramaNa / prajJAzramaNa muni adhyayana kie binA hI sarvazruta kA pAragAmI hotA hai / vaha caturdazapUrvI ke praznoM kA bhI samAdhAna de sakatA hai| isa prajJAzramaNa Rddhi ke cAra prakAra kiye gae haiM- autpattikI, pAriNAmikI, vainayikI aura karmajA / * naMdI sUtra meM Abhinibodhika jJAna ke do prakAra batalAe haiM-- zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita / zrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna adhyayana se prApta hotA hai / azrutanizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna adhyayana-nirapekSa hotA hai / yaha prajJA hai / tiloyapaNNattI meM prajJAzramaNa Rddhi ke jo cAra prakAra batalAeM hai, naMdI sUtra meM Abhinibadhika jJAna ke ve hI cAra prakAra- ( autpattikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI) nirdiSTa haiN| yahAM inheM buddhi kahA gayA hai / prajJA aura buddhi - donoM zabda sAmAnya jJAna ke artha meM bhI prayukta hote haiM aura sarvasAdhAraNa meM milate haiM / kintu yahAM antaraMga buddhi aura antaraMga prajJA kA nirdeza hai| ye donoM viziSTa vikAsa vAloM meM hI upalabdha hotI haiM / adRSTa, azruta, aura anAlocita artha jaise hI sAmane AtA hai vaise hI usakA yathArtha bodha ho jAtA hai / vaha autpattikI prajJA hai / haribhadrasUrI ne ise prAtibhajJAna kahA hai aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne matijJAna aura kevalajJAna ke bIca kA jJAna kahA hai / vinaya dvArA prApta anugraha se vainayikI, karma ke sudIrghAvalokana se hone vAlI karmajA aura vayaparipAka se pariNata hone vAlI pAriNAmikI prajJA bhI zAstrAbhyAsa se nirapekSa hotI hai / 'maMtrarAjarahasya' meM 'prajJazramaNa' kA ullekha milatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra kI vRtti meM prAjJazramaNa kI vyAkhyA kI hai / dhavalA meM prajJAzramaNa ko 1. dhavalA 64, 1; 18 / 64 / 2 / 2. tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 1017 - 21 / 3. naMdI, sUtra 37, 38 / 4. maMtrarAja rahasya, zloka 522, sUrimaMtrakalpasamuccaya bhAga 1, pR0 63 | 5. yogazAstra, svopajJavRtti, sUrimaMtrakalpasamuccaya bhAga 2, pR0 365 /

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prajJA aura prajJa 111 namaskAra kiyA gayA aura unheM 'jina' bhI batalAyA gayA hai / AcArya akalaMka ne bhI prajJAzramaNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra aneka graMthoM meM prajJA aura prajJAzramaNa ke viSaya meM sAmagrI bikharI huI hai| usakA adhyayana prajJA razmiyoM ke vikiraNa meM bahuta upayogI ho sakatA hai| 1. SaTkhaMDAgama, caturtha vedanAkhaMDa, dhavalA pustaka 6, labdhisvarUpa varNana / 2. tattvArthavArtika, sUtra 36 /

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15. atondriya cetanA manuSya kA vyaktitva do AyAmoM meM vikasita hotA hai| usakA bAharI AyAma vistRta aura niraMtara gatizIla hotA hai| usakA Antarika AyAma saMkucita aura niSkriya hotA hai| usake bAharI AyAma kI vyAkhyA sthUla-zarIra, vANI, mana aura buddhi ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| usake Antarika AyAma kI vyAkhyA sUkSma aura sUkSmatara-zarIra, prANa-zakti, prajJA (atIndriya cetanA) aura amUrchA ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| bAharI vyaktitva se hamArA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai / usameM buddhi kA sthAna sarvopari hai, isalie vaha hamAre cintana kI sImA bana gyii| usase pare jAkara cintana karanA hamAre lie svAbhAvika nahIM hai| yaha aparAvidyA kI bhUmikA hai| parAvidyA kA pahalA caraNa hai buddhi kI sImA kA atikrmnn| jaise hI prajJA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai, buddhi kI sImA atikrAnta ho jAtI hai| prajJA kI sImA meM praveza karate hI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki buddhi manuSya kI cetanA kA aMtima par3Ava nahIM hai| indriyoM se pare mana hai aura mana se pare buddhi hai| bAharI vyaktitva isa sImA se Age nahIM jA sktaa| isa sImA ko pAra karate hI manuSya kA Antarika vyaktitva ujAgara ho jAtA hai| vahAM prANa-zakti prakhara hotI hai aura cetanA sUkSma / buddhi kI sImA meM padArtha ke prati mUrchA kA na honA saMbhava nahIM mAnA jAtA, kintu prajJA kI sImA meM samatA kA bhAva nirmita hotA hai aura amartya saMbhava bana jAtI hai| parAvidyA ke kSetra meM prANa-UrjA aura atIndriya cetanA kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, kintu amUrchA yA vItarAgatA usake adhyayana kA viSaya abhI nahIM banA hai| yaha parAmanovijJAna kI eka mahattvapUrNa zAkhA hai| abhI taka parAmanovijJAna kA adhyayana cAra viSayoM taka sImita hai, jaise atIndriyajJAna (CLAIRVOYANCE), vicAra-saMpreSaNa (TELEPATHY), pUrvAbhAsa (PRE-COGNITION) aura mastiSkIya Andolana dvArA prANI jagat aura padArtha kA prabhAvita honA (PSYCHO-KINESIS) / amUrchA kA vidhAyaka artha hai-smtaa| usakA vikAsa hone para atIndriya cetanA apane Apa vikasita hotI hai| parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle loga kevala atIndriya cetanA ke vikAsa kI khoja meM lage hue haiN| yaha khoja bahuta

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atIndriya cetanA 113 laMbI ho sakatI hai aura anAsthA bhI utpanna kara sakatI hai| agramastiSka (phanTala laoNba) kaSAya yA viSamatA kA kendra hai| atIndriya cetanA kA kendra bhI vahI hai / jaise-jaise viSamatA samatA meM rUpAntarita hotI hai, vaisevaise atIndriya cetanA vikasita hotI calI jAtI hai| usakA sAmAnya bindu pratyeka prANI meM vikasita hotA hai| usakA viziSTa vikAsa samatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI hotA hai| manuSya ke AvegoM aura AvezoM para hAipothelemasa kA niyaMtraNa hai| usase piniyala aura picyUTarI glaiNDsa prabhAvita hote haiN| unakA srAva eDrInala glaiNDa ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vahAM Aveza prakaTa hote haiN| ye Aveza atIndriya cetanA ko niSkriya banA dete haiN| usakI sakriyatA ke lie hAipothelemasa aura pUre granthitaMtra ko prabhAvita karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| granthitaMtra kA saMbaMdha manuSya ke bhAvapakSa se hai| bhAvapakSa kA sRjana isa sthUla-zarIra se nahIM hotaa| usakA sRjana sUkSma aura sUkSmatara zarIra se hotA hai| sUkSma zarIra se Ane vAle pratibimba aura prakaMpana hAipothelemasa ke dvArA granthitaMtra meM utarate haiN| jaisA bhAva hotA hai, vaisA hI granthiyoM kA srAva hotA hai aura srAva ke anurUpa hI manuSya kA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa banatA hai| yaha kahane meM koI jaTilatA nahIM lagatI ki manuSya ke vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kA niyaMtraNa granthitaMtra karatA hai aura granthitaMtra kA niyaMtraNa hAipothelemasa ke mAdhyama se bhAvataMtra karatA hai aura bhAvataMtra sUkSma-zarIra ke stara para sUkSma-cetanA ke sAtha janma letA hai| smRti, kalpanA aura cintana kI pavitratA se bhAvataMtra prabhAvita hotA hai aura usase granthitaMtra kA srAva badala jAtA hai| usa rAsAyanika parivartana ke sAtha manuSya kA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa bhI badala jAtA hai| yaha parivartana manuSya kI atIndriya cetanA ko sakriya banAne meM bahuta sahayoga karatA hai| ___ manuSya kA zarIra aneka rahasyoM se jur3A huA hai| usameM indriya kI kSamatA hai| zarIra ke kucha bhAga jJAna aura saMvedanA ke sAdhana bane hue haiN| ve bhAga 'karaNa' kahalAte haiM / AMkha eka 'karaNa' hai| usake mAdhyama se rUpa ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu manuSya ke pUre zarIra meM 'karaNa' banane kI kSamatA hai| yadi saMkalpa ke vizeSa prayogoM ke dvArA pUre zarIra ko 'karaNa' kiyA jA sake to kapoloM se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai, hAtha aura paira kI aMguliyoM se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha indriya cetanA kA hI vikAsa hai| ise atIndriya cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pUre zarIra se sunA jA sakatA hai, cakhA jA sakatA hai, gaMdha kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| indriya cetanA kI bhAMti mAnasika cetanA kA bhI vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| smRti mana kA eka kArya hai| use vikasita karate-karate pUrvajanma kI smRti (jAtismRti) ho jAtI hai| yaha bhI atIndriya cetanA (eksTrA seMsarI parasepsana-I0 esa0 pI0) nahIM hai / dUra-darzana, dUra-zravaNa, dUra-AzvAdana aura dUra

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114 manana aura mUlyAMkana sparzana kA vikAsa bhI indriya cetanA kA hI vikAsa haM / ye saba viziSTa kSamatAeM haiM / phira bhI inheM atIndriya cetanA ( I0 esa0 pI0) nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kalpanA aura cintana ke vikAsa se bhI aneka ajJAta rahasya jAna liye jAte haiM / phira bhI vaha atIndriya cetanA kI upalabdhi nahIM hai / autpattiko buddhi ke dvArA adRSTa, azruta bAteM jAna lI jAtI haiM / para yaha atIndriya cetanA nahIM hai / parAmanovijJAna ke anusAra pUrvAbhAsa atIndriya jJAna mAnA jAtA hai / para vAstava meM vaha saMdhikAlIna jJAna hai / use na indriya jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai aura na atIndriyajJAna | vaha indriya aura mana se utpanna nahIM hai, isalie use indriyajJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / atIndriyajJAna kI kSamatA utpanna hone para bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA athavA atIta-kAlIna ghaTanA ko pratyeka avadhAna ke sAtha jAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu pUrvAbhAsa meM aisA nahIM hotA / usameM bhaviSya kI ghaTanA kA Akasmika AbhAsa hotA hai / avadhAna ke sAtha usake jJAna kA nizcita saMbaMdha nahIM hotA, isalie use atIndriya jJAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha dina aura rAta kI saMdhi kI bhAMti indriyajJAna aura atIndriyajJAna kA saMdhijJAna hai / manuSya kA sthUla zarIra sUkSmata ra zarIra kA saMvAdI hotA hai / sUkSmatara zarIra meM jina kSamatAoM ke spaMdana hote haiM, una sabakI abhivyakti ke lie sthUla zarIra meM kendra bana jAte haiM / usameM zakti aura caitanya kI abhivyaMjanA ke aneka kendra haiM / ve supta avasthA meM rahate haiM | abhyAsa ke dvArA unheM jAgRta kiyA jAtA hai / apanI jAgRta avasthA meM ve 'karaNa' bana jAte haiM / 'karaNa' ko vijJAna kI bhASA meM vidyut cumbakIya kSetra (elekTro megneTika phIlDa) kahA jA sakatA hai| taMtrazAstra aura haThayoga meM chaha yA sAta cakroM kA siddhAMta pratipAdita huA hai| pratipAdana kI prAcIna zailI rUpakamaya hai / ataH cakroM ke viSaya meM spaSTa kalpanA karanA kaThina hai / bahuta logoM ne unheM kisI viziSTa avayava ke rUpa meM sthUla zarIra meM khojane kA prayatna kiyA, para unheM apanI khoja meM kabhI saphalatA nahIM milI / sthUla zarIra meM granthiyAM haiN| zarIra zAstra ke anusAra unakA kArya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / unheM cakra mAnA jA sakatA hai / cakroM aura granthiyoM ke sthAna bhI prAyaH eka hI haiN| mUlAdhAra cakra kA kisI granthi se sIdhA saMbaMdha nahIM hai / svAdhiSThAna cakra kA kAmagranthi ( gonAisa) se saMbaMdha hai / maNipUra cakra kA eDrInala se, anAhata cakra kA thAimasa se, vizuddhi cakra kA thAirAiDa se, AjJAcakra kA picyuTarI se aura sahasrAra cakra kA piniyala se saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina parAvidyA ke anusAra zakti aura caitanya ke kendra anagina haiM / ve pUre zarIra meM phaile hue haiN| unheM granthiyoM taka sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / granthiyoM kA kAma sUkSmatara yA karmazarIra se Ane vAle karma-rasAyanoM aura bhAvoM kA prabhAva pradarzita karanA hai / atIndriya cetanA ko prakaTa karanA unakA mukhya kArya nahIM hai / ve

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atIndriya cetanA 1.15 atIndriya cetanA kI abhivyakti ke lie vidyut cumbakIya kSetra bana sakate haiM athavA unake AsapAsa kA kSetra vidyut cumbakIya kSetra bana sakatA hai / unake atirikta zarIra ke aura bhI aneka bhAga vidyut cumbakIya kSetra bana sakate haiM / isalie zakti kendroM aura caitanya- kendroM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika ho jAtI hai| hamArI pasaliyoM meM kokha ke nIce bahuta zaktizAlI caitanya- kendra hai / hamAre kaMdhe bahuta bar3e zakti kendra haiN| phalita kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zakti kendra aura caitanya -kendra zarIra ke avayava nahIM haiM, kintu zarIra ke ve bhAga haiM, jinameM vidyut cumbakIya kSetra banane kI kSamatA hai / ve bhAga nAbhi se nIce paira kI er3I taka tathA nAbhi se Upara sira kI coTI taka Age bhI haiM, pIche bhI haiM, dAeM bhI haiM aura bAeM bhI haiM / samatA, RjutA Adi viziSTa guNoM kI sAdhanA ke dvArA ve kendra sakriya ho jAte haiM, 'karaNa' bana jAte haiM, taba unameM atIndriya cetanA prakaTa hone laga jAtI hai / yaha koI Akasmika saMyoga nahIM hai / yaha eka sthAI vikAsa hai / eka bAra caitanya- kendra ke sakriya ho jAne para jIvana bhara usakI sakriyatA banI rahatI hai / atIndriya-jJAnI jaba cAhe taba apanI atIndriya cetanA kA karaNabhUta caitanyakendra ke dvArA upayoga kara sakatA hai| vaha sUkSma, vyavahita aura dUrastha padArtha kA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai / isa carcA se atIndriya cetanA kI prAraMbhika avasthA -! - pUrvAbhAsa, atItabodha aura usakI vikasita avasthA kI sImA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna yA paracittajJAna bhI atIndriyajJAna hai / vicAra-saMpreSaNa vikasita indriya- cetanA kAhI eka stara hai / use atIndriyajJAna kahanA sahaja-sarala nahIM hai / vicArasaMpreSaNa kI prakriyA meM apane mastiSka meM ubharane vAle vicAra-pratibimboM ke AdhAra para dUsare ke vicAra jAne jAte haiM / manaH paryavajJAna meM vicAra - pratibimboM kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / pratyeka vicAra apanI AkRti kA nirmANa karatA hai / vicAra kA silasilA calatA hai taba nayI-nayI AkRtiyAM nirmita hotI jAtI haiN| aura prAcIna AkRtiyAM visarjita ho, AkAzika rekArDa meM jamA hotI jAtI haiN| manaH paryavajJAnI una AkRtiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara saMbaddha vyakti kI vicAradhArA ko jAna letA hai / usameM atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke vicAroM ko jAnane kI bhI kSamatA hotI hai / mAnasika cintana ke lie uparyukta paramANuoM kI eka rAzi hotI hai / vaha paramANu-rAzi hamAre cintana meM sahayoga karatI hai / usako grahaNa kie binA hama koI bhI cintana nahIM kara skte| usa rAzi ke paramANuoM ke bhAvI parivartana ke AdhAra para manaH paryavajJAnI bhaviSya meM hone vAle vicAra ko bhI jAna sakatA hai / atIndriyajJAna pratyakSajJAna hai / jisa jJAna ke kSaNa meM indriya aura mana ko mAdhyama banAnA Avazyaka nahIM hotA, vaha jJAna pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / indriya aura

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116 manana aura mUlyAMkana mana ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA jJAna viziSTa koTi kA hone para bhI parokSa hI hotA hai| vikAsa ke krama ke anusAra pratyeka prANI meM cetanA anAvRta hotI hai / indriya, mAnasika aura bauddhika cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha kucha aspaSTa yA dhuMdhalI sI atIndriya cetanA bhI anAvRta hotI hai / pUrvAbhAsa, vicAra saMpreSaNa Adi usI koTi ke haiN| unakI spaSTatA ke lie zarIragata caitanya- kendroM ko nirmala banAnA hotA hai / saMyama aura caritra kI sAdhanA jitanI puSTa hotI hai, utanI hI unakI nirmalatA bar3hatI jAtI hai / caitanya kendroM ko nirmala banAne kA sabase sazakta sAdhana hai dhyAna / priyatA aura apriyatA ke bhAva se mukta citta nAbhi ke Upara ke caitanya- kendroM ( Ananda - kedra, vizuddhi - kendra, prANa- kendra, darzana-kendra, jyoti kendra aura jJAna kendra) para kendrita hotA hai, taba ve nirmala hone laga jAte haiM / isakA dIrghakAlIna abhyAsa atIndriya jJAna kI AdhArabhUmi bana jAtA hai / atIndriyajJAna ke dhuMdhale rUpa caritra ke vikAsa ke binA bhI saMbhava ho sakate haiM / kintu atIndriya cetanA ke vikAsa ke sAtha caritra ke vikAsa kA gaharA saMbaMdha hai| yahAM caritra kA artha samatA hai, rAgadveSa yA priyatA- apriyatA ke bhAva se mukta honA hai / usakI abhyAsa-paddhati prekSAdhyAna hai / prekSA kA artha hai - dekhanA / dekhane kA artha hai citta ko rAga-dveSa se mukta kara dhyeya kA anubhava karanA / darzana kI isa prakriyA ko atIndriya cetanAvikAsa kI prakriyA kahA jA sakatA hai /

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16. jaina sAhiya ke mAloka meM gItA kA adhyayana bhagavadgItA vizva sAhitya ke AkAza meM eka tejasvI nakSatra kI bhAMti pratiSThita hai| usake laghu zarIra meM vizAla tattva kI pratiSThA huI hai| aNu se mahAn aura sthUla se sUkSma-sabhI tattvoM ke bIja usameM upalabdha hote haiN| usakI isa vyApakatA ne hI aneka draSTAoM ko aneka dRSTiyoM se dekhane kA avasara diyA hai| usakI aneka vyAkhyAoM kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai| AcAryazrI tulasI ne aneka bAra mujhe kahA-gItA kI anekAMtadRSTi se vyAkhyA kI jaae| yaha vicAra bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| anekAntadRSTi se gItA kA mUlyAMkana, sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya darzanoM kA bhI mUlyAMkana ho to sahaja hI anekatA se ekatA kI dizA meM hamArA prasthAna saMbhava hogaa| satya anekarUpa nahIM hai| anekarUpatA paribhASA, vyAkhyA aura zabdika-cayana meM hai| zAstroM kI anekavAkyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI mahAmanISI kumArila ne sarvajJatA ke viSaya ne apanA saMdeha prakaTa kiyA thaa| unakA prazna thA-- "yadi zAstrakAra sarvajJa haiM to zAstroM meM bheda kyo ? yadi zAstroM meM bheda hai to zAstrakAra sarvajJa kaise?" yaha prazna pahelI jaisA lagatA hai, para isa pahelI ko bujhAnA koI jaTila kAma nahIM hai| sarvajJa saba jAna sakatA hai, para saba kaha nahIM sktaa| jJAna ke sAtha jahAM bhASA jur3atI hai, vahAM jJAna sasIma ho jAtA hai| bhASA sasIma hai| sasIma se jur3A huA jJAna asIma kaise ho sakatA hai ? duniyA kA koI bhI zAstra isa sImA kA atikramaNa nahIM krtaa| phira bhI manuSya ne sasIma meM chipe asIma ko khojane kA prayatna kiyA hai| gItA isa koTi kA grantha hai jise mAdhyama banAkara sasIma meM chipe asIma ko khojane kA prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM gItA ke kucheka viSayoM kA jaina tattva kI dRSTi se anuzIlana yaha nidarzita kiyA hai ki bhASA kI bhinnatA hone para bhI satya kI abhinnatA hotI hai|

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118 manana aura mUlyAMkana cetanA ke stara hamArI cetanA aneka staroM meM vibhakta hai| sabhI darzanoM ne apanI-apanI avadhAraNA ke sAtha cetanA-staroM ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| gItA meM cetanA ke aneka stara upalabdha hote haiM1. indriya-cetanA, 4. citta-cetanA, 2. manascetanA, 5. buddhi-cetanA, 3. prajJA-cetanA, 6. drssttaa-cetnaa| gItA (3 / 42) meM indriya, mana, buddhi aura draSTA-cetanA kA ullekha milatA hai| indriyAM prakRSTa haiN| unase Age mana, usase Age buddhi aura buddhi se pare hai aatmaa| mana saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka cetanA hai aura AtmA draSTA hai| mAnasika cetanA indriya-sApekSa cetanA hai| indriya dvArA upalabdha viSayoM ke AdhAra para saMkalpavikalpa utpanna hote haiN| buddhi-cetanA indriya-nirapekSa hotI hai| Atyantika sukha ko gItA meM atIndriya aura buddhigrAhya batalAyA gayA hai| ___ sAMkhya-darzana meM citta kI saMkalpanA nahIM hai| pataMjali ke yogadarzana meM mana kI saMkalpanA nahIM hai| gItA meM mana aura citta-donoM upalabdha haiM / jaina darzana meM bhI mana aura citta-donoM upalabdha hote haiM, kintu mana paudgalika hai| vaha paudgalika hai isalie acetana hai| citta sthalazarIra meM abhivyakta hone vAlI cetanA hai, isalie vaha (citta) cetana hai| . mana aura citta kA svarUpa eka nahIM hai| citta sthAI tattva hai| mana utpanna hotA hai aura vilIna hotA hai / usakA utpanna honA aura vilIna honA hI caMcalatA hai| isa caMcalatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI arjuna ne kahA-'mana caMcala hai| usakA nigraha vAyu kI taraha suduSkara hai| isake uttara meM yogirAja kRSNa ne kahA'abhyAsa aura vairAgya ke dvArA usakA nigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai'|' mana kA nigraha karanA hotA hai| mana svayaM apanA nigraha nahIM kara sktaa| naTa kitanA hI suzikSita ho, vaha apane kaMdhe para nahIM car3ha sktaa| talavAra kI dhAra kitanI hI teja ho, vaha svayaM ko nahIM kATa sktii| mana kA nigraha karane vAlA koI dUsarA tattva hai / vaha citta yA buddhi hai| 1. gItA, 6 / 21: 2. vahI, 6 / 34 : sukhamAtyantikaM yad tad buddhigrAhyamatIndriyam / caMcalaM hi manaH kRSNa !, pramAthi balavad dRDham / tasyAhaM nigrahaM manye, vAyoriva suduSkaram // abhyAsena tu kaunteya! vairAgyeNa ca gRhyte| 3. vahI, 6 / 35:

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jaina sAhitya ke Aloka meM gItA kA adhyayana 119 mana gatizIla hai| usakI gati padArtha meM ho yA cetana meM, bAhya jagat meM ho yA antarjagat meM, usakA niyamanabuddhi ke dvArA hotA hai / indriyoM kA niyamana mana ke dvArA hotA hai, isakA saMketa milatA hai, kintu bhASyakAra ne ise spaSTa kara diyA ki vivekayukta mana ke dvArA hI indriyoM kA niyamana hotA hai| kevala mana meM unakA niyamana karane kI zakti nahIM hai| abhyAsa ke dvArA citta kI bhUmi meM usakI samAna pratyaya vAlI vRtti hotI hai| vairAgya ke dvArA citta meM vitRSNA utpanna hotI hai| jaba citta zAnta hotA hai taba mana kA nigraha sahaja hI ho jAtA hai| isakA artha hai-mana utpanna hI nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra manana se pUrva aura manana ke bAda mana nahIM hotA, manana ke kSaNa meM hI mana hotA hai-'manyamAnaM manaH / yaha ulajhA huA prazna hai ki ekAgra mana hotA hai yA citta hotA hai ? nirodha mana kA hotA hai yA citta kA hotA hai ? gItA kA darzana hai-ekAgratA aura nirodha--ye donoM citta kI avasthAeM hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra mana kI gupti aura mana kA samAharaNa hone para citra ekAgra hotA hai| ekAgratA mana kI bhI ho 1. gItA, 6 / 25, 26 : zanaiH zanairuparamed buddhayA dhRtigRhiityaa| AtmasaMstha manaH kRtvA na kiMcidapi cintayet // yato yato nizcarati manazcalamasthiram / tatastato niyamyaitadAtmanyeva vazaM nayet / / 2. vahI, 6 / 24 : saMkalpaprabhavAn kAmAMstyaktvA srvaanshesstH| manasaivendriyagrAmaM viniyamya samantataH / / bhASya kiM ca manasA eva vivekayuktena indriyagrAmam-indriya samudAya, viniyamya-niyamanaM kRtvaa| 3. vahI, 6 / 35 abhyAsena tu kaunteya ! vairAgyeNa ca gRhyate // bhASya kiMtu 'abhyAsena tu'-abhyAso nAma cittabhUmI kasyAMcit samAnapratyayAvRttiH cittasya / vairAgyaM nAma dRSTAdRSTeSTabhogeSu doSadarzanAbhyAsAd baitRSNyaM tena ca vairAgyeNa gRhyate vikSeparUpaH pracAra: cittasya / evaM tad mano gRhyate nigRhyate nirudhyate ityrthH|| 4. bhagavaI, 136126: pudiva bhaMte ! maNe ?. maNijjamANe maNe? maNasamaya vItikkate maNe? goyamA ! no puvviM maNe, maNijjamANe maNe, no maNasamayavItikkate maNe / 5. uttarajjhayaNANi, 2654,57 : maNaguttayAe NaM jIve egaggaM jaNayai / maNasamAhAraNayAe NaM egaggaM jaNayai /

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120 manana aura mUlyAMkana sakatI hai| eka hI prakAra ke mana ko utpanna karanA mAnasika ekAgratA hai| isa mAnasika ekAgratA se citta kA nirodha hotA hai| mana, citta aura buddhi-ye cetanA ke bhinna stara haiN| phira bhI citta aura buddhi ke artha meM mana kA prayoga milatA hai aura mana ke artha meM citta aura buddhi kaa| isase pAThaka ko bar3I ulajhana hotI hai| ise samyag dRSTi dvArA hI sulajhAyA jA sakatA hai / gItA (5 / 11) meM mana aura buddhi donoM kA svatantra artha hai aura 5 / 13 meM mana kA buddhi ke artha meM prayoga huA hai / bhASyakAra ne usakA artha 'viveka buddhi' kiyA hai / indriya, mana aura buddhi kA svatantra cetanA-stara ke artha meM prayoga milatA hai-yatendriyamanobuddhirmanirmokSaparAyaNaH (gItA // 28) cetanA kA pAMcavAM stara hai-prjnyaa| zabdakoSa meM buddhi, dhI aura prajJA-ye saba ekArthaka mAne jAte haiM / vastutaH ye ekArthaka nahIM haiN| gItA meM prajJA kA prayoga buddhi ke hI artha meM kiyA gayA hai| isalie sthitaprajJa, sthitadhI-donoM prayoga sAtha-sAtha milate haiN| bhASyakAra ne AtmA aura anAtmA ke viveka se hone vAle jJAna kA artha prajJA kiyA hai| ___ jaina sAhitya meM prajJa, mahAprajJa, AzuprajJa aura bhUtiprajJa kA prayoga milatA hai| kumArazramaNa kezI ke uttara meM gautama ne kahA-dharma kA darzana aura tattva kA nizcaya prajJA se hotA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki prajJA indriya-jJAna se prApta pratyayoM kA viveka karane vAlI buddhi se pare kA jJAna hai| kumArazramaNa kezI ne gautama kI prajJA ko bAra-bAra sAdhuvAda diyaa| AcAracUlA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki samAdhistha muni kI prajJA bar3hatI hai| dhyAna aura samAdhi ke sAtha jisa prajJA 1. uttarajjhayaNANi, 26 / 26 : egaggamaNasaMnivesaNayAe NaM cittanirohaM karei / 2. gItA, 5 / 11: kAyena manasA buddhyaa"| 3. vahI, 413: bhASya-manasA vivekbudyaa| 4. vahI, 2054 : sthitaprajJasya kA bhASA, samAdhisthasya kezava / sthitadhIH kiM prabhASeta, kimAsIta vrajeta kim / / 5. gItA 2 / 55 : bhASya-sthitA-pratiSThitA AtmAnAtmavivekajA prajJA yasya saH sthitprjnyH| . 6. uttarajjhayaNANi, 23 / 25 : pannA samikkhae dhamma, tattaM tattaviNicchayaM / 7. vahI, 23 / 28, 34, 36, 44 Adi : sAhu goyama ! pannA te"| 8. AcAracUlA, 16 / 5 : vidU Nate 'dhammapayaM aNuttaraM, viNIyataNhassa muNissa jhaayo| samAhiyassa'ggiMsihA va teyasA, tavo ya paNNA ya jaso ya vaDDhai / /

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jaina sAhitya ke Aloka meM gItA kA adhyayana 121 kA saMbaMdha hai vaha indriyAtIta hai / ukta vivaraNa se do prakAra kI prajJA phalita hotI hai-- indriyasaMbaddha prajJA aura indriyAtIta prajJA | dhavalAkAra ne prajJA aura jJAna kA bheda batalAyA hai| unake anusAra guru ke upadeza se nirapekSa jJAna kI hetubhUta caitanya zakti kA nAma prajJA hai aura jJAna usakA kArya hai'| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prajJA zAstrIya jJAna se upalabdha nahIM hotI / vaha cetanA kA zAstra-nirapekSa vikAsa hai / cetanA kA chaThA stara hai - draSTAbhAva / eka vyakti ne kanphyUziyasa se pUchA"maiM sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hUM, kyA karUM ?" kanphyUziyasa ne uttara diyA"kevala suno, kevala dekho / " gItA kA darzana hai - yogI kA karma kevala zarIra, kevala mana, kevala buddhi aura kevala indriyoM ke dvArA hotA hai / usameM mamattva nahIM hotA, priya apriya kA saMvedana nahIM hotaa'| jahAM rAga-dveSa kI dhArA pravAhita hotI hai vahAM indriya, mana aura buddhi kI cetanA mAtra draSTA nahIM hotI, vaha phala yA baMdha kI karttA bana jAtI hai / jaina darzana kA cintana hai-- indriyoM ke viSayoM ko nahIM rokA jA sakatA / unake prati hone vAle rAga-dveSa yA priya-apriya saMvedana ko rokA jA sakatA hai / draSTA cetanA kA artha hai - svAbhAvika cetanA yA zuddha cetanA / cetanA apane svarUpa meM zuddha hI hotI hai / rAga-dveSa ke sammoha se samUr3ha hokara vaha karma-baMdha kI karttA yA akevala bana jAtI hai / jJAna aura vijJAna gItA meM jJAna aura vijJAna ke viSaya meM bahuta spaSTa dRSTikoNa milatA hai| jJAna ajJAna se AvRta hai / prazna hotA hai - ajJAna kyA hai ? jJAna kyA hai ? gItAkAra kA samAdhAna hai mRdutA, RjutA, ahiMsA, zAnti yaha jJAna hai / mAna, mAyA, hiMsA 1. dhavalA, 634, 118184, 2 2. gItA, 5 / 11 : kAyena manasA buddhayA kevalairindriyairapi / yoginaH karma kurvanti saMgaM tyaktvAtmazuddhaye // 3. AcAracUlA, 15 / 72-76 A Na sakkA Na souM saddA, soyavisayamAgatA / No sakkA rUvamadaThThe, cakkhuvisayamAgayaM... | No sakkA Na gaMdhamagghAuM, NAsAvisayamAgayaM / jo sakkA rasamaNAsAuM, jIhAvisayamAgayaM No sakkA Na saMvedeuM, phAsavisayamAgayaM / rAgadosA uje tattha, te bhikkhu parivajjae /

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122 manana aura mUlyAMkana aura asahiSNutA-yaha ajJAna hai| jJAna padArtha-viSayaka aura Atma-viSayakadonoM prakAra kA hotA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM Atma-viSayaka bodha ko hI jJAna mAnA gayA hai| jJAna aura tapa se pavita manuSya IzvarabhAva ko upalabdha ho jAte haiN| yaha jJAna paramAtmaviSayaka jJAna hai / indriya aura prANavAyu ke saba karma kI Atma-saMyamarUpI yogAgni meM Ahuti dI jAtI hai, vaha yogAgni jJAna se dIpta hotI hai| yaha jJAna vivekaja jJAna hai| dravyamaya yajJa se jJAna yajJa zreya hai| yaha jJAna mokSa sAdhana viSayaka hai| kahIM-kahIM zAstra se hone vAle avabodha ko bhI jJAna kahA gayA hai / jJAna kI uttaravartI avasthA vijJAna hai / vijJAna kA artha hai-svAnubhava' / jaina sAhitya meM pratipAdita hai-zravaNa se jJAna aura jJAna se vijJAna hotA hai| sarva prathama sunA jAtA hai, phira jAnA jAtA hai / tatpazcAt usakA anubhava kiyA jAtA - jJAna ke viSaya meM hamArI dRSTi sApha nahIM hotii| hama saMhAraka astroM kA nirmANa karane vAlI mati ko bhI jJAna mAnate haiM aura mojJa-sAdhaka mati ko bhI jJAna mAnate haiN| isalie kahAM kisa artha meM jJAna kA prayoga huA hai, isakA viveka atyanta Avazyaka hai| zikSA jagat kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai ki padArtha-viSayaka zAna se caritra aura anuzAsana ke vikAsa kI apekSA kI jA rahI hai| yaha apekSA 1. gItA, 13 / 11 : adhyAtmajJAnanityatvaM, tattvajJAnArthadarzanam / etajjJAnamiti proktamajJAnaM yadato'nyathA / / bhASya ajJAnaM yad ataH asmAda yathoktAd anyathA viparyayeNa mAnitvaM dambhitvaM hiMsA akSAntiH anArjavam ityAdi ajnyaanm| 2. vahI, 4 / 10:. bahavo jJAnatapasA pUtA madbhAvamAgatAH / bhASya-- jJAnam-paramAtmaviSayam / 3. vahI, 4 / 27 : juhvati jJAnadIpite / bhASya-snehena iva pradIpite vivekavijJAnena ujjvalabhAvaM aapaadite..|' 4. vahI, 4133 : zreyAndravyamayAdyajJAnjJAnayajJaH paraMtapa ! bhASya-jJAne-mokSasAdhane / 5. vahI, 4 / 28 : bhASya-jJAnaM- zAstrArthaparijJAnaM / 6 / 46: bhaassy-jnyaan-shaastrpaannddityN..| 6. vahI, 72 : bhASya-saMvijJAna vijJAnaM vijJAnasahitaM svAnubhavasaMyuktam / 7. ThANaM, 3 // 418: kiMphalA pajjuvAsaNayA? svnnphlaa| se NaM bhaMte ! savaNe kiMphale? nnaannphle| se gaM bhaMte ! NANe kiMphale ? vinnnnaannphle|...

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jaina sAhitya ke Aloka meM gItA kA adhyayana eka bIja se saba phaloM ko pAne kI apekSA hai| jJAna kA na honA ajJAna hai / tattad viSayaka adhyayana se tat-tad viSayaka ajJAna miTa jAtA hai aura jJAna ho jAtA hai / isa jJAna ko caritra vikAsa yA anuzAsana vikAsa kA hetubhUta jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / caritra aura anuzAsana kA vikAsa Atma viSayaka jJAna se hI ho sakatA hai| gItA meM yaha dRSTikoNa vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai / 'na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate' / yaha jJAna AtmajJAna hI hai / vAstava meM kSetra aura kSetrajJa kA jJAna hI samyag jJAna hai' / jaina darzana meM jJAna do rUpoM meM vibhakta haimithyAjJAna aura smygjnyaan| jise bheda - vijJAna upalabdha nahIM hotA, zarIra aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kA avabodha nahIM hotA, usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hotA hai / punarjanma mRtyu ke pazcAt AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hotA / usakA punarjanma hotA hai / jIvana ke anta meM jisa bhAva kI smRti hotI hai, usI bhAva vaha meM janma letA hai / jaina sAhitya meM punarjanma kI vyAkhyA lezyA siddhAnta ke AdhAra para dI gayI hai / prANI jisa lezyA (bhAvadhArA) meM maratA hai usI lezyA meM utpanna hotA hai ' / syAdvAda gItA ke brahmaviSayaka nirvacana ko par3hate hI syAdvAda kI smRti ho AtI hai / brahma na sat hai aura na asat / vaha sarvendriya vyApAroM se vyApRta hai aura sarvendriya varjita hai / vaha bAhya bhI hai aura aMtara bhI hai / vaha cara bhI hai aura acara bhI hai / vaha dUrastha bhI hai aura nikaTastha bhI haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAra jagat kI prakRti virodhI yugalAtmaka hai| pratyeka pradArtha pakSa aura pratipakSa ke niyama se pratibaddha hai / virodhI yugaloM meM samanvaya kI khoja hI anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda hai avirodha yA ekAMgI dRSTikoNa vizva vyavasthA ke anukUla nahIM hai / 1. gItA, 13 / 2 : 2 . vahI, 68 : kSetrakSetrajJayorjJAnaM yat tajjJAnaM mataM mama / yaM yaM vA'pi smaran bhAvaM tyajatyante kalevaram / taM tamevaiti konteya sadA tadbhAvabhAvitaH // 3. prajJApanA, 17 / 92 : jalle se uvavajjati tallese uvvadRti / 4. gItA, 13 / 12: anAdimatparaM brahma, na sattannAsaducyate / 5. vahI, 13 / 14, 15 : sarvendriyaguNAbhAsaM, sarvendriyavivajitam / asaktaM sarvabhRccaiva, nirguNaM guNabhoktR ca // bahirantazca bhUtAnAM caramacarameva ca / sUkSmatvAdavijJeya, dUrasthaM cAntike ca tat //

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124 manana aura mUlyAMkana saMkalpa aura kAma kAma saMkalpa se utpanna hotA hai - yaha eka siddhAMta hai / yaha siddhAnta kAvya kI bhASA meM isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai-- kAma ! maiM tere rUpa ko jAnatA hUM / tU saMkalpa se utpanna hotA hai| maiM terA saMkalpa nahIM karUMgA, isalie tU mere mana meM utpanna nahIM hogA / tulanA ke bindu eka bar3I rekhA kA nirmANa kara sakate haiM / abhI kevala bindu prastuta kiye gae haiN| koI Azcarya nahIM ki advaita aura dvaita kI dhArAoM meM pravAhita gItA kA rahasya anekAnta kA rahasya bhI bana sakatA hai / 1. gItA, 6 / 24 : saMkalpa prabhavAn kAmAMstyaktvA sarvAnazeSataH / manaH sarvendriyagrAmaM, viniyamya samantataH / 2. agastyacUrNi meM uddhata zloka 'kAma ! jAnAmi te rUpaM, saMkalpAt kila jAyase / nAhaM saMkalpayiSyAmi tato me na bhaviSyasi //

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17. mAtmA kA astitva . dArzanika jagat meM dRzya aura mUrta padArtha kI bhAMti adRzya aura amUrta padArtha kI khoja cAlU rahI hai| adRzya aura amUrta ke viSaya meM sabakA ekamata honA saMbhava nahIM hai| dRzya aura mUrta ke viSaya meM bhI saba ekamata nahIM haiM, taba phira adRzya aura amUrta ke viSaya meM sabakI sahamati kI AzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? mahAvIra ne kahA-AtmA amUrta hai, isalie vaha indriyagamya nahIM hai| sukarAta ne kahAsaccA dArzanika AtmA kI khoja meM lagA rahatA hai| AtmA ke astitva aura nAstitva kA abhyupagama hajAroM varSoM se calA A rahA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa-donoM paraMparAoM ke aneka AcArya AtmA ko paudgalika mAnate rahe haiN| AtmA ke astitva ko nakArane meM sabase adhika prasiddhi bRhaspati yA cArvAka darzana ko milI hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhUtavAdiyoM ke aneka saMpradAya rahe haiN| ajitakezakaMbala eka zramaNa saMpradAya ke AcArya the, sAtha-sAtha AtmA ke astitva ko nakArane meM bhI agraNI the| AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM sAMkhya, vedAnta, nyAya-vaizeSika aura pUrva mImAMsA-ye saba ekamata nahIM haiM, phira bhI AtmA ke astitva kA' svara sabane uccarita kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM AtmA kA viSaya eka jaTila pahelI hai| usake astitva aura nAstitva-donoM kI ghoSaNA kisI jhijhaka ke binA nahIM kI jA sktii| jaina darzana meM AtmA kI svIkRti bahuta spaSTa hai| pazcimI dArzanikoM meM bhI yaha viSaya matabheda kA rahA hai| lyUkreTiyasa (yUnAnI dArzanika I0 pU0 88-55) ne pratipAdita kiyA-AtmA kevala vizeSa prakAra ke bhautika paramANuoM kA hI rUpa hai| * sukarAta (yUnAnI dArzanika I0 pU0 500) ne AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyaa| usane prasthApita kiyA- 'yadi AtmA aparivartanazIla aura zAzvata tattvoM ko jAna sakatI hai to vaha bhI aparivartanazIla aura zAzvata honI cAhie / vaha jaba zarIra ko jJAna kA mAdhyama banAtI hai taba use azAzvata ke kSetra meM ghasITA jAtA hai| para jaba vaha apane Apa meM lauTatI hai taba usakA jagat dUsarA hotA hai / vaha vizuddhi,

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126 manana aura mUlyAMkana zAzvatatA aura amaratA kA kSetra hai| vaha aparivartanIya hai| sukarAta ke anusAra zarIra eka kArA hai| AtmA usameM baMdI banA huA hai| indriya aura kaSAyoM ke dUSaNa se AtmA ko dUSita karane kA srota bhI yahI hai| jaba hama zarIra ke prabhAvoM se kama-se-kama prabhAvita hote haiM, taba hama jJAna ke adhika samIpa hote haiM-jJAna kI vAstavika sImA meM praveza pA jAte haiN| pUrNa vizuddhi ke lie AtmA kA zarIra se sarvathA pRthak honA anivArya hai| sukarAta ne mRtyu ke antima kSaNoM meM apane mitroM se kahA-saccA dArzanika sadA AtmA kI khoja meM rahatA hai| ataH vaha sadA mRtyu ke abhyAsa meM vyasta rahatA hai| arastU (yUnAnI dArzanika, I0 pU0 384-322) ne kahA-AtmA kA astitva hai yA nahIM, yaha jAnanA vizva meM sabase adhika kaThina kArya hai| isa viSaya meM usakA tarka hai ki lyUkreTiyasa AtmA ko kevala bhautika astitva mAnatA hai to vaha bhI kisI pratyakSa jJAna ke AdhAra para nahIM maantaa| AtmA ke abhautika astitva ko mAnane vAloM ke pAsa bhI koI pratyakSa jJAna nahIM hai, isalie AtmA ke viSaya meM vizvasta jJAna prApta karanA bahuta kaThina kArya hai| arastU ke anusAra AtmA ke kAraNa hI jIvita padArthoM meM jIvana kA astitva hai| pleTo (yUnAnI dArzanika, I0pU0 428-348) ke anusAra AtmA kA astitva zarIra se pUrvavartI hai| usakA astitva svataMtra hai aura usakA apanA svarUpa hai| usane tIna prakAra kI AtmAeM pratipAdita kI haiM--vanaspati, prANI aura manuSya / vanaspati nimnatama AtmAeM haiN| prANI madhyakoTi kI AtmAeM haiM aura manuSya uttama koTi kI AtmAeM haiN| vivekapUrNa cintana ke kAraNa hI manuSya ko yaha sthAna milA hai| . dekArTa (phreMca dArzanika, I0 1566-1650) ne AtmA ke astitva ko abhautika mAnA / usane apane pakSa ke samarthana meM yaha prazna prastuta kiyA-maiM socatA hUM, isalie maiM huuN| cintana AtmA kA guNa hai, isalie cintanazIla prANI hI AtmavAn hai| manuSya hI kevala vaisA prANI hai| anya prANI yA vanaspati meM usakA abhAva hai| lAka aura kAnTa ne dekArTa ke tarka ko truTipUrNa batAyA aura usameM kucha saMzodhana jodd'e| lAka (aMgreja dArzanika, I0 1632-1704) ne yaha sthApanA kI, cintana ke atirikta saMvedana, smRti aura kalpanA bhI AtmA ke guNa haiN| isalie manuSya ke atirikta prANI bhI AtmavAn haiN| vanaspati AtmavAn nahIM hai| ___kANTa (jarmana dArzanika, I0 1724-1804) ne 'maiM socatA hUM, isalie maiM hUM' dekArTa ke isa tarka kA khaNDana kiyaa| usake anusAra dekArTa ke tarka se AtmA kA antardarzana nahIM ho sakatA, usake saralatA, cetanatA, zAzvatatA Adi guNoM kA

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AtmA kA astitva 127 Antarika jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| tarka kA jJAna 'maiM' ke svarUpa kA vAstavika jJAna nahIM de sktaa| isalie AtmA kA astitva pratyayAtmaka hai, vasturUpa nahIM hai| phira bhI vyAvahArika jagat meM AtmA kA zAzvata aura abhautika astitva mAnanA Avazyaka hai| usake AdhAra para hI naitika niyama bana sakate haiN| barkale (aMgreja dArzanika, I0 1685-1753) dekArTa ke tarka kA samarthana karatA hai aura cintana ke AdhAra para AtmA kA astitva svIkAra karatA hai| usake anusAra AtmA abhedya, arUpI, anAkAra aura pUrNa zuddha hai| viliyamsa jemsa (amerikana manovaijJAnika dArzanika, I0 1842-1910) ne kahA-hamAre tarka AtmA ke nAstitva ko siddha karane meM asaphala rahe haiN| ___ AtmA ke viSaya meM aneka dArzanikoM ke abhimatoM kI samIkSA karane para niSkarSa ke rUpa meM do zabda ubhara Ate haiM-pratyakSa jJAna aura tarka / AtmA ke astitva kA svIkAra aura asvIkAra-donoM hI adhikAMzatayA tarka ke AdhAra para cala rahe haiN| isalie AtmA kI svIkRti bhI AnumAnika svIkRti hai aura asvIkRti kA mUlya pratyakSa jJAna hone para arthahIna ho jAtA hai| aNuvIkSaNa ke dvArA paramANu kI saMracanA kA sAkSAt hone hara AnumAnika saMracanA kA svarUpa hI badala gayA / AtmA ke sUkSma svarUpa kA pratyakSa bodha hone para bhI aisA hI hotA hai / AtmA amUrta hone para indriyagrAhya nahIM hai-bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kara AtmA ke astitva ko tarkAtIta ghoSita kiyA thaa| parokSa jJAna kI parikramA karane vAle loga pratyakSajJAna kI apekSA tarka meM hI adhika vizvAsa karate haiM aura ise anucita bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pratyakSa jJAna svasaMvedya hotA hai| dUsare ke lie parokSa jJAna hI upayogI banatA hai| isalie sUkSma yA sthUla, amUrta yA mUrta kisI bhI dravya ke astitva yA nAstitva kA samarthana tarka ke dvArA karane kI paraMparA cala rahI hai| sUkSma aura amUrta padArtha ke astitva yA nAstitva kI svIkRti yA asvIkRti pratyakSa jJAna kI sImA meM hai, yaha jAnate hue bhI use parokSa kI sImA se pare nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / darzana ke kSetra meM tarka kA eka lambA jAla bichA huA hai| pratyakSa kA koI jAla nahIM hotaa| sAkSAtkAra hote hI saMdeha eka kSaNa meM samApta ho jAtA hai| vistAra parokSa meM hI ho sakatA hai| pakSa kI sthApanA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana-ye saba parokSa kI bhUmikA meM hI hote haiN| unake dvArA carcA lambI ho jAtI hai| bhAratIya aura pazcimI darzanoM ne AtmA ke pakSa aura pratipakSa meM jo tarka prastuta kie haiM, una sabakA punarmUlyAMkana karanA isa yuga kI eka apekSA bana gayI hai|

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lekhaka kI pramukha kRtiyAM * jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA * mana ke jIte jIta * cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa O jaina yoga 0 kisane kahA mana caMcala hai * AbhAmaNDala O eso paMca NamokkAro * appANaM saraNaM gacchAmi * ekalA calo re * manana aura mUlyAMkana 0 O mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya maiM : merA mana : merI zAnti O bhikSu vicAra darzana * sambodhi * naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa * ghaTa ghaTa dIpa jale 0 aNuvrata darzana * taTa do : pravAha eka * vicAra kA anubaMdha O ahiMsA tattva darzana * anubhava cintana manana Adi-Adi

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