Jain Parampara ka Itihas

Author(s): Mahapragna Acharya
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003083/1

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HTRAL paramparA itihAsa yuvAcArya mahAprajJa mit Education International Prva sonal use only www.a library or

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa [yuvAcArya zrI mahAprajJa (muni nathamala) dvArA likhita 'jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA' ke prathama khaMDa se saMkalita/saMpAdita] yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana

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saMpAdaka : muni sumeramala 'sudarzana' prakAzaka : samaNa saMskRti saMkAya, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM-341306 (rAjasthAna) paMcama saMskaraNa : 1988 Arthika saujanya : TI0 okacanda gadaiyA eNDa sansa rAmasiMhajI kA gUDhA (cikamaMgalUra) mUlya : 6.00 rupaye mudraka : mitra pariSad kalakattA ke Arthika saujanya se sthApita jaina vizva bhAratI presa, lADanUM-341306 . ww

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sampAdakIya yuvAcArya zrI mahAprajJa kI bahucarcita pustaka 'jaina darzanaH manana aura mImAMsA' ke pAMca khaNDa haiN| unakA pahalA khaNDa hai- paramparA aura kAlacakra / usa khaNDa ke kucheka vistAra aura TippaNoM ko chor3a kara yaha pustaka taiyAra kI gaI hai| isameM mUla viSayoM ke atirikta jaina rAjA, jaina paramparA ke viziSTa AcArya, jaina paramparA ke viziSTa sthala, videzoM meM jaina dharma, bhArata ke vibhinna aMcaloM meM jaina dharma, Adi viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA ke vividha pahaluoM ko samajhane meM yaha pustaka vidyArthiyoM ke lie upayogI siddha hogI, isI AzA ke sAtha -sampAdaka

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anukrama 1. bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttarakAlIna paramparA 4. jaina sAhitya 5. jaina saMskRti 6. cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka zAzvata prazna aura jaina darzana hama jisa jagat meM jI rahe haiM vaha kyA hai ? vaha kahAM hai ? vaha kaba se hai ? vaha eka-rUpI hai yA bahurUpI ? vaha kisakI racanA hai ? ye prazna anAdikAla se manuSya ke mana ko AloDita karate rahe haiN| manuSya inhIM praznoM kA uttara pAne ke lie darzana kI vedI taka pahuMcA hai| darzana dekhane kI paddhati hai| hama vastu ko do sAdhanoM se dekhate haiM / pahalA sAdhana haiM-pratyakSIkaraNa yA sAkSAtkAra aura dUsarA sAdhana hai-hetuvAda / ___ dhyAna-siddha manuSya vizva ko antardRSTi se dekhatA hai / bauddhika manuSya use tArkika dRSTi se dekhatA hai| antardRSTi vaiyaktika sAdhana se phalita jJAna hai / isalie usake adhyayana kI koI prakriyA nahIM hai| tarka manuSya ke aindriyika anubhavoM [sAhacarya niyamoM] se phalita jJAna hai / vaha sAmUhika bodha hai, isalie adhyayana kI prakriyA hai| antardRSTi se dRSTa tattvoM kA pratipAdaka zAstra darzana-zAstra kahalAtA hai| tArkika jJAna se upalabdha tattvoM tathA tArkika prakriyA kA pratipAdaka zAstra tarkazAstra kahalAtA hai| Aja donoM prakAra ke zAstra bahuta ekAtmaka ho gae haiM / ataH darzanazAstra zabda se una donoM kA bodha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra antardraSTA the| unake uttaravartI AcArya tArkika pratibhA ke dhanI the / Aja kA jaina darzana una donoM ke nirUpaNa kA pratiphalana hai| jaina darzana ne una zAzvata praznoM kA uttara diyA hai: 1. yaha jagat cetana aura acetana dravyoM kA samavAya hai| 2. yaha ananta AkAza kA madhyavartI AkAza khaMDa hai| samagra AkAza kI tulanA meM yaha eka bindu jaisA hai| 3. yaha zAzvata hai| isakA Adi-bindu nahIM hai|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 4. yaha parivartanazIla bhI hai--pratidina naye-naye rUpoM meM badalatA rahatA hai| 5. yaha anAdi hai, isalie kisI mahAzakti kI kRti nahIM hai| tattva-mImAMsA ke prasaMga meM ina praznoM para vistAra se carcA kI jaaegii| itihAsa khaMDa meM kevala itanA hI prAsaMgika hai ki hamArA jagat zAzvata aura azAzvata kA sAmaMjasya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne skaMdaka saMnyAsI se kahA thA-'skaMdaka ! aisA koI kSaNa na thA, na hai aura na hogA jisameM isa jagata kA astitva na ho|' yaha astitva kI dRSTi se jagat kI zAzvatA kA pratipAdana hai| __ bhagavAn ne jamAli se kahA thA- 'jamAli ! isa jagata meM kAlacakra gatizIla rahatA hai-avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kA krama cAla rahatA hai| phalataH jagat kA AMcalika svarUpa badalatA rahatA hai|' yaha parivartana kI dRSTi se jagat kI azAzvatatA kA pratipAdana hai| aitihAsika adhyayana ke lie jagat kA parivartanazIla rUpa hI hamAre lie upayogI hai| kAlacakra kAlacakra jAgatika hrAsa aura vikAsa ke krama kA pratIka hai| kAla kA pahiyA nIce kI ora jAtA hai taba bhaugolika paristhiti tathA mAnavIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti hrAsonmukhI hotI hai| kAla kA 'pahiyA jaba Upara kI ora AtA hai taba ve vikAsonmukhI hotI haiN| kAla kI isa hrAsonmukhI gati ko avasarpiNI aura vikAsonmukhI gati ko utsarpiNI kahA jAtA hai| ___ avasarpiNI meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, saMhanana, saMsthAna, AyuSya, zarIra, sukha Adi paryAyoM kI kramazaH avanati hotI hai / utsarpiNI meM ukta paryAyoM kI kramazaH unnati hotI hai| vaha avanati aura unnati sAmUhika hotI hai, vaiyaktika nahIM hotii| avasarpiNI kI carama sImA hI utsarpiNI kA AraMbha hai aura utsarpiNI kA anta avasarpiNI kA janma hai / pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ke chaha-chaha vibhAga [parva] hote haiN| avasarpiNI ke chaha vibhAga :

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka 1. suSama-suSamA 4. duHSama-suSamA 2. suSamA 5. duHSamA 3. suSama-duHSamA 6. duHSama-duHSamA utsarpiNI ke chaha vibhAga isa vyatikrama se hote haiM : 1. duHSama-duSamA 4. suSama-duHSamA 2. duHSamA 5. suSamA 3. duHSama-suSamA 6. suSama-suSamA 1. suSama-suSamA ___ Aja hama avasarpiNI ke pAMcave parva-duHSamA meM jI rahe haiN| hamAre yuga kA jIvana-krama suSama-suSamA se zurU hotA hai / usa samaya bhUmi snigdha thii| varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza atyanta manojJa the| miTTI kI miThAsa Aja kI cInI se ananta gunA adhika thii| karmabhUmi thI, kintu abhI karmayuga kA pravartana nahIM huA thaa| padArtha ati snigdha the| isa yuga ke manuSya tIna dina ke antara se arahara kI dAla jitanI-sI vanaspati khAte aura tRpta ho jaate| khAdya padArtha aprAkRtika nahIM the| vikAra bahuta kama the isalie unakA jIvanakAla bahata laMbA hotA thaa| ve tIna palya taka jIte the| akAla-mRtyU kabhI nahIM hotI thI / vAtAvaraNa kI atyanta anukUlatA thii| unakA zarIra tIna gAU UMcA thaa| ve svabhAva se zAMta aura saMtuSTa hote the| yaha cAra koTi-koTi sAgara [kAla kA kAlpanika parimANa] kA ekAnta sukhamaya parva bIta gyaa| 2. suSamA tIna koTi-koTi sAgara kA dUsarA sukhamaya parva zurU huaa| isameM bhojana do dina ke antara se hone lgaa| usakI mAtrA bera ke phala jitanI ho gii| jIvanakAla do palya kA ho gayA aura zarIra kI UMcAI do gAU kI raha gii| inakI kamI kA kAraNa thA bhUmi aura padArthoM kI snigdhatA kI kmii| 3. suSama-duHSamA kAla aura Age bddh'aa| tIsare sukha-duHkhamaya parva meM aura kamI A gaI / eka dina ke antara se bhojana hone lgaa| usakI mAtrA AMvalA ke samAna ho gaI / jIvana kA kAla-mAna eka palya ho gyaa|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa zarIra kI UMcAI eka gAU kI ho gaI / isa yuga kI kAla - maryAdA thI -- do koTi-koTi sAgara / isake aMtima caraNa meM padArthoM kI snigdhatA meM bahuta kamI huI / sahaja niyamana TUTane lage / taba kRtri avasthA AyI aura isI samaya kulakara-vyavasthA ko janma milA / 4 yaha karma - yuga ke zaizava - kAla kI kahAnI hai / samAja saMgaThana abhI nahIM huA thA / yaugalika vyavasthA cala rahI thI / eka jor3A hI saba kucha hotA thA / na kula thA, na varga aura na jAti / samAja aura rAjya kI bAta bahuta dUra thI / janasaMkhyA kama thI / mAtA-pitA kI mauta se chaha mAha pahale eka yugala janma letA, vahI dampati hotA / vivAha saMsthA kA udaya nahIM huA thA / jIvana kI AvazyakatA bahuta sImita thI / na khetI hotI thI, na kapar3A banatA thA aura na makAna banate the / bhojana, vastra aura nivAsa ke sAdhana kalpavRkSa the / zRMgAra aura Amoda-pramoda, vidyA, kalA aura vijJAna kA koI nAma nahIM jAnatA thA / na koI vAhana thA aura na koI yAtrI | gAMva base nahIM the / na koI svAmI thA aura na sevaka / zAsaka zAsita bhI nahIM the / na koI zoSaka thA aura na koI zoSita / pati-patnI yA janya-janaka ke sivA sambandha jaisI koI vastu nahIM thI / dharma aura usake pracAraka bhI nahIM the / usa samaya ke loga sahaja dharma ke adhikArI aura zAMta svabhAva vAle the / cugalI, niMdA, Aropa jaise manobhAva janme hI nahIM the / hInatA aura utkarSa kI bhAvanAeM bhI utpanna nahIM huI thiiN| lar3ane-jhagar3ane kI mAnasika graMthiyAM bhI nahIM thIM / ve zastra aura zAstra donoM se anajAna the / abrahmacarya sImita thA | mAra-kATa aura hatyA nahIM hotI thI / na saMgraha thA, na corI aura na asatya / ve sadA sahaja Ananda aura zAMti meM lIna rahate the / kAlacakra kA pahalA bhAga biitaa| dUsarA aura tIsarA bhI lagabhaga bIta gayA / sahaja samRddhi kA kramika hrAsa hone lagA / bhUmi kA rasa jo cInI se anaMta gunA mIThA thA, vaha kama hone lagA / usake varNa, gaMdha aura sparza kI zreSThatA bhI kama huI / yugala manuSyoM ke zarIra kA parimANa bhI ghaTatA gayA / tIna, do aura eka dina ke bAda bhojana karane kI paraMparA bhI TUTane lagI /

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka kalpa-vRkSoM kI zakti bhI kSINa ho clii| yaha yaugalika vyavasthA ke antima dinoM kI kahAnI hai / kulakara-vyavasthA asaMkhya varSoM ke bAda naye yuga kA Arambha huaa| yaugalika vyavasthA dhIre-dhIre TUTane lgii| dUsarI koI vyavasthA abhI janma nahIM paaii| sakrAMti kAla cala rahA thaa| eka ora AvazyakatA-pUrti ke sAdhana kama hue to dUsarI ora janasaMkhyA aura jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM kucha bddh'iiN| isa sthiti meM ApasI saMgharSa aura laTa-khasoTa hone lgii| paristhiti kI vivazatA ne kSamA, zAMti, saumya Adi sahaja guNoM meM parivartana lA diyaa| aparAdhI manovRtti kA bIja aMkurita hone lgaa| aparAdha aura avyavasthA ne unheM eka nayI vyavasthA ke nirmANa kI preraNA dii| usake phalasvarUpa 'kala' vyavasthA kA vikAsa huaa| loga 'kala' ke rUpa meM saMgaThita hokara rahane lge| una kuloM kA eka mukhiyA hotA, vaha 'kulakara' khlaataa| use daMDa dene kA adhikAra hotA / vaha saba kaloM kI vyavasthA karatA, unakI suvidhAoM kA dhyAna rakhatA aura lUTa-khasoTa para niyaMtraNa rakhatA / yaha zAsana-taMtra kA hI Adi-rUpa thaa| ____ manuSya prakRti se pUrA bhalA hI nahIM hotA aura pUrA bUrA hI nahIM hotaa| usameM bhalAI aura burAI donoM ke bIja hote haiM / paristhiti kA yoga pA ve aMkurita ho uThate haiM / deza, kAla, puruSArtha, karma aura niyati ke yoga kI saha-sthiti kA nAma hai-paristhiti / vaha vyakti kI svabhAvagata vRttiyoM kI uttejanA kA hetu banatI hai| usase prabhAvita vyakti burA yA bhalA bana jAtA hai| jIvana kI AvazyakatAeM kama thiiN| usake nirvAha ke sAdhana sulabha the| usa samaya manuSya ko saMgraha karane aura dUsaroM dvArA adhikRta vastu ko har3apane kI bAta nahIM suujhii| isake bIja usameM the, para unheM aMkurita hone kA avasara nahIM milaa| jyoM hI jIvana kI thor3I AvazyakatAeM bar3hIM, usake nirvAha ke sAdhana kucha durlabha huye ki logoM meM saMgraha aura apaharaNa kI bhAvanA ubhara AyI / jaba taka loga svayaM zAsita the, taba taka bAhara kA zAsana nahIM thaa| jaise-jaise svagata zAsana TUTatA gayA, vaise-vaise bAharI zAsana bar3hatA gyaa| yaha

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kArya kAraNavAda yA eka ke cale jAne para dUsare ke vikasita hone kI kahAnI hai| kulakara sAta huye haiM / unake nAma haiM-vimalavAhana, cakSuSmAn yazasvI, abhicandra, prasenajita, marudeva va nAbhi / rAjatantra aura daNDanIti kulakara vyavasthA meM tIna daNDa-nItiyAM pracalita huiiN| pahale kulakara vimalavAhana ke samaya meM 'hAkAra' nIti kA prayoga huaa| usa samaya ke manuSya svayaM anuzAsita aura lajjAzIla the / 'hA! tUne yaha kyA kiyA'-aisA kahanA gurutara daNDa thaa|| dUsare kulakara cakSuSmAn ke samaya bhI yahI nIti clii| tIsare aura cauthe-yazasvI aura abhicandra kulakara ke samaya meM choTe aparAdha ke lie 'hAkAra' aura bar3e aparAdha ke lie 'mAkAra' [mata karo nIti kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| pAMcaveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM-prasenajita, marudeva aura nAbhi kulakara ke samaya meM 'dhikkAra' nIti clii| choTe aparAdha ke lie 'hAkAra' madhyama aparAdha ke lie 'mAkAra' aura bar3e aparAdha ke lie 'dhikkAra' nIti kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| usa samaya ke manuSya atimAtra Rju, maryAdA-priya aura svayaM-zAsita the / kheda-pradarzana, niSedha aura tiraskAra-ye mRtyu-daNDa se adhika hote| abhI nAbhi kA netRtva cala hI rahA thaa| yugaloM ko jo kalpavRkSoM se prakRtisiddha bhojana milatA thA, vaha aparyApta ho gyaa| jo yugala zAMta aura prasanna the, unameM krodha kA udaya hone lgaa| ve Apasa meM lar3ane-bhagar3ane lge| dhikkAra nIti kA ullaMghana hone lgaa| jina yUgaloM ne krodha, lar3AI jaisI sthitiyAM kabhI na dekhIM aura na kabhI sunI---ve ina sthitiyoM se ghabarA gaye / ve mile, RSabhakumAra ke pAsa pahuMce aura maryAdA ke ullaMghana se utpanna sthiti kA nivedana kiyo / RSabha ne kahA- 'isa sthiti para niyaMtraNa pAne ke lie rAjA kI AvazyakatA hai|' 'rAjA kauna hotA hai ?' yugaloM ne puuchaa| RSabha ne rAjA kA kArya samajhAyA / zakti ke kendrIkaraNa kI kalpanA unheM dii| yugaloM ne kahA-hamameM Apa sarvAdhika samartha haiM / Apa hI hamAre rAjA bneN|'

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka RSabhakumAra bole--'Apa mere pitAjI nAbhi ke pAsa jAiye, unase rAjA kI yAcanA kiijie| ve Apako rAjA deNge| ve cale, nAbhi ko sArI sthiti se paricita kraayaa| nAbhi ne RSabha ko. unakA rAjA ghoSita kiyaa| ve prasanna ho lauTa gye| RSabha kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| unhoMne rAjya-saMcAlana ke lie nagara basAyA / vaha bahuta vizAla thA / usakA nAma rakhA viniitaaayodhyaa| RSabha prathama rAjA bane / zeSa janatA prajA bana gaI / ve prajA kA apanI saMtAna kI bhAMti pAlana karane lge| gAMvoM aura nagaroM kA nirmANa huaa| loga araNya-vAsa se haTa bhavanavAsI bana gye| RSabha kI krAMtikArI aura janmajAta pratibhA se loga naye yuga ke nirmANa kI ora cala pdd'e| unhoMne rAjya kI samRddhi ke lie gAyoM, ghor3oM aura hAthiyoM kA saMgraha kiyA / asAdhu logoM para zAsana aura sAdhu logoM kI surakSA ke lie unhoMne apanA maMtrimaNDala bnaayaa| corI, lUTa-khasoTa na ho, nAgarika jIvana vyavasthita raheisake lie unhoMne ArakSaka-dala sthApita kiyaa| rAjya kI zakti ko koI cunautI na de sake, isalie unhoMne caturaMga senA aura senApatiyoM kI vyavasthA kii| sAma, dAma, bheda aura daNDa-nIti kA pravartana huaa| RSabha kI daNDa-vyavasthA ke cAra aMga the 1. paribhASaka-thor3e samaya ke lie najarabanda karanA-krodhapUrNa zabdoM meM aparAdhI ko 'yahIM baiTha jAo' kA Adeza denaa| 2. maNDalibandha-najarabanda karanA--niyamita kSetra se bAhara na jAne kA Adeza denaa| 3. bandha-baMdhana kA pryog| 4. ghAta -DaMDe kA prayoga / auSadha ko vyAdhi kA pratikAra mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI daNDa aparAdha kA pratikAra mAnA jAne lgaa| ina nItiyoM meM rAjatantra jamane lagA aura adhikArI cAra bhAgoM meM baMTa gaye / ArakSaka varga ke sadasya 'ugra', maMtri pariSad ke sadasya 'bhoja', parAmarzadAtrI samiti ke sadasya yA prAntIya pratinidhi 'rAjanya' aura zeSa karmacArI 'kSatriya khlaae|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa RSabha ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA / yaha krama rAjatantra kA aMga bana gyaa| yaha yugoM taka vikasita hotA rhaa| vivAha-paddhati kA prAraMbha nAbhi antima kulakara the| unakI patni kA nAma thA 'marudevA' / unake putra kA janma huaa| usakA nAma rakhA gayA 'usabha' yA 'RSabha' / inakA zaizava badalate hue yuga kA pratIka thaa| yugala ke eka sAtha janma lene yA marane kI sahaja-vyavasthA bhI zithila ho gii| unhIM dinoM eka yugala jnmaa| usake mAtA-pitA ne use tAr3a ke vRkSa ke nIce sulA diyaa| vakSa kA phala bacce ke sira para girA aura vaha mara gyaa| usa yuga kI yaha pahalI akAla mRtyu thii| aba vaha bAlikA akelI raha gyii| thor3e samaya bAda usake mAtA-pitA mara gaye / usa eka akelI bAlikA ko anya yugaloM ne Azcarya kI dRSTi se dekhaa| ve use kulakara nAbhi ke pAsa le gaye / nAbhi ne use RSabha kI patnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyaa| RSabha yuvA ho gaye / unhoMne apanI sahodarI sumaMgalA ke sAtha sunandA ko svayaM byaahaa| yahIM se vivAha-paddhati kA udaya huaa| isake bAda loga apanI sahodarI ke atirikta bhI dUsarI kanyAoM se vivAha karane lge| khAdya-samasyA kA samAdhAna . kulakara yuga meM logoM kI bhojana-sAmagroM thI-kanda, mUla, pAtra pUSpa aura phala / bar3hatI janasaMkhyA ke lie kanda Adi paryApta nahIM rahe aura vanavAsI loga gRhasvAmI hone lage / isase pUrva prAkRtika vanaspati paryApta thii| aba boe hue bIja se anAja hone lgaa| ve pakAnA nahIM jAnate the| aura na unake pAsa pakAne kA koI sAdhana thaa| ve kaccA anAja khAte the / samaya bdlaa| kaccA anAja duSpAcya ho gyaa| loga RSabha ke pAsa pahuMce aura apanI samasyA kA samAdhAna maaNgaa| RSabha ne anAja ko hAthoM se ghisakara khAne kI salAha dii| logoM ne vaisA hI kiyaa| kucha samaya bAda vaha vidhi bhI asaphala hone lgii| RSabha agni kI bAta jAnate the| kintu vaha kAla ekAnta snigdha thaa| vaise kAla meM agni utpanna ho nahIM sktii| ekAnta snigdha aura ekAnta rukSa-donoM kAla agni kI utpatti ke yogya nahIM hote|

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bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka samaya ke caraNa Age bddh'e| kAla snigdha-rukSa banA, taba vakSoM kI Takkara se agni utpanna huI / vaha phailI / vana jalane lge| logoM ne usa agni ko dekhA aura usakI sUcanA RSabha ko dii| unhoMne agni kA upayoga aura pAka-vidyA kA prazikSaNa diyaa| khAdyasamasyA kA samAdhAna ho gyaa| zilpakalA aura vyavasAya kA prazikSaNa ___RSabha ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko 72 kalAeM sikhlaaiiN| kaniSTha putra bAhubali ko prANI kI lakSaNa-vidyA kA upadeza diyaa| bar3I putrI brAhmI ko aThAraha lipiyoM aura sundarI ko gaNita kA adhyayana kraayaa| dhanurveda, arthazAstra, cikitsAzAstra, krIr3A-vidhi Adi-Adi vidyAoM kA pravartana kara logoM ko suvyavasthita aura susaMskRta banA diyaa| _agni kI utpatti ne vikAsa kA srota khola diyaa| pAtra, aujAra, vastra, citra Adi zilpoM kA janma huaa| annapAka ke lie pAtra- nirmANa Avazyaka haa| kRSi, gaha-nirmANa Adi ke lie aujAra Avazyaka the, isalie lauhakAra-zilpa kA Arambha huaa| sAmAjika jIvana ne vastra-zilpa aura gaha-zilpa ko janma diyaa| nakha, keza Adi kATane ke lie nApita-zilpa (kSaura-karma) kA pravartana huaa| ina pAMcoM zilpoM kA pravartana Aga kI utpatti ke bAda huaa| padArthoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha unake vinimaya kI AvazyakatA anubhUta huii| usa samaya RSabha ne vyavasAya kA prazikSaNa diyaa| ___ kRSikAra, vyApArI aura rakSaka-varga bhI agni kI utpatti ke bAda bane / kahA jA sakatA hai-agni ne kRSi ke upakaraNa, AyAtaniryAta ke sAdhana aura astra-zastroM ko janma de mAnava ke bhAgya ko badala diyaa| padArtha bar3he taba parigraha meM mamatA bar3hI, saMgraha hone lgaa| kauTumbika mamatva bhI bar3hA / lokaiSaNA aura dhanaiSaNA ke bhAva jAga utthe| sAmAjika paramparAoM kA sUtrapAta pahale mRtakoM kI dAhakriyA nahIM kI jAtI thI, aba loga mRtakoM ko jalAne lge| pahale pArivArika mamatva nahIM thA, aba vaha

Page #15
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vikasita ho gyaa| isalie mRtyu ke bAda loga rone lge| usakI smRti meM vedI aura stUpa banAne kI prathA bhI cala pdd'ii| nAga-pUjA aura anya kaI utsava bhI loga manAne lge| isa prakAra samAja meM kucha paramparAoM ne janma le liyaa| karttavya-buddhi se loka-vyavasthA kA pravartana kara RSabha rAjya karane lge| bahuta lambe samaya taka ve rAjA rahe / jIvana ke aMtima bhAga meM ve rAjya tyAgakara muni bane / mokSa dharma kA pravartana huaa| hajAra varSa kI sAdhanA ke bAda bhagavAn RSabha ko kaivalya-lAbha huaa| sAdhu sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA-ina cAra tIrthoM kI sthApanA kii| muni-dharma ke pAMca mahAvrata aura gRhastha-dharma ke bAraha vratoM kA upadeza diyaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMgha banA / zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI bniiN| sAmrAjya-lipsA bhagavAn RSabha karmayuga ke pahale rAjA the| apane sau putroM ko alaga-alaga rAjyoM kA bhAra sauMpa ve muni bana ge| sabase bar3A putra bharata thA / vaha cakravartI samrATa bananA cAhatA thaa| usane apane 18 bhAiyoM ko apane adhIna karanA caahaa| sabake pAsa dUta bheje / 18 bhAI mile / Apasa meM parAmarza kara bhagavAna RSabha ke pAsa phNce| sArI sthiti bhagavAna RSabha ke sAmane rkhii| duvidhA kI bhASA meM pUchA-'bhagavan ! kyA kareM ? bar3e bhAI se lar3anA nahIM cAhate aura apanI svataMtratA ko khonA bhI nahIM caahte| bhAI bharata lalacA gayA hai| Apake diye haye rAjya ko vaha hamase vApasa lenA cAhatA hai| hama usase lar3eM to bhrAta-yuddha kI galata paramparA par3a jaaegii| binA lar3e rAjya sauMpa deM to sAmrAjya kA roga bar3ha jaaegaa| paramapitA ! isa duvidhA se ubaariye|' / __ bhagavAn ne kahA-'putro ! tumane ThIka socaa| lar3anA bhI burA hai aura klIva honA bhI burA hai| rAjya do pairoM vAlA pakSI hai / usakA majabUta paira yuddha hai| usakI ur3Ana meM pahale vega hotA hai, anta meM thakAna / vega meM se cinagAriyAM uchalatI haiM / ur3Ane vAle loga usameM jala jAte haiN| ur3ane vAlA calatA-calatA thaka jAtA hai| zeSa rahatI hai nirAzA aura anutApa / 'putro ! tumhArI samajha sahI hai| yuddha burA hai-vijetA ke

Page #16
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka lie bhI aura parAjita ke lie bhii| parAjita apanI sattA ko gaMvAkara pachatAtA hai aura vijetA kucha nahIM pAkara pachatAtA hai| pratizodha kI citA jalAne vAlA usameM svayaM na jale, yaha kabhI nahIM hotaa| 'rAjya rUpI pakSI kA dUsarA paira durbala hai / vaha hai kaayrtaa| maiM tumheM kAyara banane kI salAha bhI kaise de sakatA hUM? putro ! maiM tumheM aisA rAjya denA cAhatA hUM jisake sAtha lar3AI aura kAyaratA kI kar3iyAM jur3I huI nahIM haiN|' bhagavAn kI AzvAsana-bharI vANI suna ve sAre khazI se jhUma utthe| AzA-bharI dRSTi se ekaTaka bhagavAna kI ora dekhane lge| bhagavAn kI bhAvanA ko ve nahIM pakar3a ske| bhautika jagat kI sattA aura adhikAroM se pare koI rAjya ho sakatA hai-yaha unakI kalpanA meM nahIM smaayaa| unakI kisI vicitra bhU-khaMDa ko pAne kI lAlasA tIvra ho utthii| bhagavAn isalie to bhagavAn the ki unake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM thaa| utsarga kI carama rekhA para pahuMcane vAle hI bhagavAn banate haiM / saMgraha ke carama bindu para pahuMca koI bhagavAn banA hoaisA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai| bhagavAn ne kahA- 'saMyama kA kSetra nirbAdha rAjya hai| ise lo| na tumheM koI adhIna karane AegA aura na vahAM yuddha aura kAyaratA kA prasaMga hogaa|' putroM ne dekhA, pitA unheM rAjya tyAgane kI salAha de rahe haiN| pUrva-kalpanA para paTAkSepa ho gyaa| akalpita citra sAmane aayaa| Akhira ve bhI bhagavAna ke beTe the / bhagavAna ke mArgadarzana kA sammAna kiyaa| rAjya ko tyAga sva-rAjya kI ora cala pdd'e| sva-rAjya kI apanI vizeSatAeM haiN| ise pAne vAlA saba kucha pA jAtA hai| rAjya kI mohakatA taba taka rahatI hai, jaba taka vyakti sva-rAjya kI sImA meM nahIM calA aataa| eka saMyama ke binA vyakti saba kucha pAnA cAhatA hai / saMyama ke pAne para kucha bhI pAe binA saba kucha pAne kI kAmanA naSTa ho jAtI hai|| tyAga zaktizAlI astra hai| isakA koI pratidvandvI nahIM hai| bharata kA AkrAmaka dila pasIja gyaa| vaha daur3A-daur3A aayaa| apanI bhUla para pachatAvA huaa| bhAiyoM se kSamA mAMgI / svataMtratA

Page #17
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa pUrvaka apanA-apanA rAjya sambhAlane ko khaa| kintu ve aba rAjyalobhI samrATa bharata ke bhAI nahIM rahe the / ve akiMcana jagat ke bhAI bana cuke the| bharata kA bhrAtR-prema aba unheM nahIM lalacA sakA / ve usakI lAlacI AMkhoM ko dekha cake the| isalie usakI gIlI AMkhoM kA una para koI asara nahIM huaa| bharata hAtha malate hue ghara lauTa gyaa| sAmrAjyavAda eka mAnasika pyAsa hai| vaha ubharane ke bAda sahasA nahIM bujhtii| bharata ne eka-eka kara sAre rAjyoM ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| bAhubali ko usane nahIM chuaa| aTThAnave bhAiyoM ke rAja-tyAga ko vaha aba bhI nahIM bhUlA thA / antardvandva calatA rhaa| eka chatra rAjya kA sapanA pUrA nahIM huA / asaMyama kA jagat hI aisA hai, jahAM saba kucha pAne para bhI vyakti ko akiMcanatA kI anubhUti hotI rahatI hai| yuddha kA pahalA caraNa dUta ke muMha se bharata kA saMdeza suna bAhubali kI bhRkuTi tana gaI / dabA huA roSa ubhara AyA / kAMpate hoThoM se kahA-'dUta ! bharata aba bhI bhUkhA hai ? apane adAnave sage bhAiyoM kA rAjya har3apakara bhI tRpta nahIM banA ? hAya ! yaha kaisI manodazA hai ? sAmrAjyavAdI ke lie niSedha jaisA kucha hotA hI nhiiN| merA bAhubala kisase kama hai ? kyA maiM dUsare rAjyoM ko nahIM har3apa sakatA ? kintu yaha mAnavatA kA apamAna, zakti kA durupayoga aura vyavasthA kA bhaMga hai, maiM aisA kArya nahIM kara sakatA / vyavasthA ke pravartaka hamAre pitA haiN| unake putroM ko use tor3ane meM lajjA kA anubhava honA cAhiye / zakti kA prAdhAnya pazu-jagata kA cihna hai| mAnava-jagat meM viveka kA prAdhAnya honA cAhie / zakti kA siddhAMta panapA to baccoM aura bUr3hoM kA kyA banegA ? yuvaka unheM caTa kara jAyeMge / rogI, durbala aura apaMga ke lie yahAM koI sthAna nahIM rhegaa| phira to yaha sArA vizva raudra bana jaaegaa| krUratA ke sAthI haiM- jvAlA-sphaliMga, tApa aura sarvanAza / kyA merA bhAI abhI-abhI samUce jagat ko sarvanAza kI ora dhakelanA cAhatA hai ? AkramaNa eka unmAda hai / AkrAMtA usase bebhAna ho dUsaroM para TUTa par3atA hai|' 'bharata ne aisA hI kiyA / maiM use cuppI sAdhe dekhatA rhaa|

Page #18
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka aba usa unmAda ke roga kA zikAra maiM huuN| hiMsA se hiMsA kI Aga nahIM bujhatI-yaha maiM jAnatA huuN| AkramaNa ko abhizApa mAnatA huuN| kintu AkramaNakArI ko sahUM-yaha merI titikSA' se pare hai / titikSA manuSya ke udAtta caritra kI vizeSatA hai| kintu usakI bhI eka sImA hai / maiMne use nibhAyA hai / tor3ane vAlA samajhatA hI nahIM to Akhira jor3ane vAlA kaba taka jor3e ? ___ bharata kI vizAla senA 'bahalI' kI sImA para pahuMca gii| idhara bAha bali apanI choTI-sI senA sajA AkramaNa ko viphala karane A gyaa| bhAI-bhAI ke bIca yuddha chiDa gyaa| svAbhimAna aura svadeza-rakSA kI bhAvanA se bharI haI bAhabali kI choTI-sI senA ne samrAT kI vizAla senA ko bhAgane se lie vivaza kara diyA / samrATa kI senA ne phira pUrI taiyArI ke sAtha AkramaNa kiyaa| dubArA bhI maMha kI khAnI pdd'ii| lambe samaya taka AkramaNa aura bacAva kI lar3AiyAM hotI rhiiN| Akhira donoM bhAI sAmane A khar3e he| tAdAtmya AMkhoM para chA gyaa| saMkoca ke ghere meM donoM ne apane Apako chipanA cAhA, kintu donoM vivaza the| eka ke sAmane sAmrAjya ke sammAna kA prazna thA, dUsare ke sAmane svAbhimAna kaa| ve vinaya aura vAtsalya kI maryAdA ko jAnate hue bhI raNabhUmi meM utara aae| dRSTi-yuddha, muSTi-yuddha Adi pAMca prakAra ke yuddha nirNIta hue| una saba meM samrATa parAjita huaa| vijaya huA bAhubali / bharata ko choTe bhAI se parAjita honA bahuta cubhaa| vaha Avega ko roka na sakA / maryAdA ko tor3a bAhubali para cakra kA prayoga kara ddaalaa| isa apratyAzita ghaTanA se bAhubali kA khUna ubala gyaa| prema kA srota eka sAtha hI sUkha gyaa| bacAva kI bhAvanA se vihIna hAtha uThA to sAre sanna raha ge| bhUmi aura AkAza bAhubali kI virudAvaliyoM se gUMja uThe / bharata apane avicArita prayoga se lajjita ho sira jhukAe khar3A rhaa| sAre loga bharata kI bhUla ko bhulA dene kI prArthanA meM laga gye| eka sAtha lAkhoM kaNThoM se eka hI svara gUMjA-'mahAn pitA ke putra bhI mahAn hote haiM / samrATa ne anucita kiyA para choTe bhAI ke hAtha se bar3e bhAI kI hatyA aura adhika anucita kArya hogaa| 1. sahanazakti

Page #19
"14 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa mahAn hI kSamA kara sakatA hai / kSamA karane vAlA kabhI choTA nahIM hotA / mahAn pitA ke mahAn putra! hameM kSamA kIjie, hamAre samrATa ko kSamA kiijie|' ina lAkhoM kaNThoM kI vinamra svaralahariyoM ne bAhubali ke zaurya ko mArgAntarita kara diyaa| bAhubali ne apane Apa ko samhAlA / mahAn pitA kI smRti ne vega kA zamana kiyaa| uThA huA hAtha viphala nahIM lautttaa| usakA prahAra bharata para nahIM huaa| vaha apane sira para lgaa| sira ke bAla noca DAle aura apane pitA ke patha kI ora cala pdd'aa| bAhabali ke paira Age nahIM bddh'e| ve pitA kI zaraNa meM cale gae para unake pAsa nahIM gae / ahaMkAra aba bhI baca rahA thaa| pUrvadIkSita choTe bhAiyoM ko namaskAra karane kI bAta Ate hI unake paira ruka gaye / ve eka varSa taka dhyAna-mudrA meM khar3e rhe| vijaya aura parAjaya kI rekhAeM anaginata hotI haiN| asaMtoSa para vijaya pAne vAle bAhubali ahaM se parAjita ho ge| unakA tyAga aura kSamA unheM Atma-darzana kI ora le ge| unake ahaM ne unheM pIche Dhakela diyaa| bahuta lambI dhyAna-mudrA ke uparAnta bhI Age nahIM bar3ha sake / 'ye paira ruka kyoM rahe haiM ? saritA kA pravAha ruka kyoM rahA haiM ?' ye zabda bAhubali ke kAnoM ko bIMdha hRdaya ko pAra kara gye| bAhubali ne AMkheM kholiiN| dekhA, brAhmI aura sundarI sAmane khar3I haiN| bahanoM kI vinamra-mudrA ko dekha unakI AMkheM jhuka giiN| _ 'avasthA se choTe-bar3e kI mAnyatA eka vyavahAra hai| vaha sArvabhauma satya nahIM hai| ye mere paira gaNita ke choTe-se prazna meM ulajha ge| choTe bhAiyoM ko namaskAra kaise karUM-isa tuccha cintana meM merA mahAn sAdhya vilIna ho gyaa| avasthA laukika mAnadaNDa hai| lokottara jagat meM chuTapana aura bar3appana ke mAnadaNDa badala jAte haiN| ve bhAI mujhase choTe nahIM haiM, unakA caritra vizAla hai| mere ahaM ne mujhe choTA banA diyaa| aba mujhe avilamba bhagavAn ke pAsa calanA caahiye| paira uThe ki bandhana TUTa pdd'e| namratA ke utkarSa meM samatA kA pravAha baha calA / ve kevalI bana gaye / satya kA sAkSAt hI nahIM huA, ve svayaM satya bana gye| ziva aba unakA ArAdhya nahIM rahA, ve svayaM ziva bana gae / Ananda aba unake lie prApya nahIM rahA, ve

Page #20
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka svayaM Ananda bana ge| bharata kA anAsakta yoga __ bharata aba asahAya jaisA ho gyaa| bhAI jaisA zabda usake lie arthavAn na rahA / vaha samrAT banA rahA kintu usakA hRdaya aba sAmrAjyavAdI nahIM rahA / padArtha milate rahe para Asakti nahIM rhii| vaha udAsIna bhAva se rAjya-saMcAlana karane lgaa| bhagavAn ayodhyA Aye / pravacana huaa| eka prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn ne kahA / 'bharata mokSa-gAmI hai|' eka sadasya bhagavAn para bigar3a gayA aura una para putra ke pakSapAta kA Aropa lgaayaa| bharata ne use phAMsI kI sajA sunA dI / vaha ghabarA gyaa| bharata ke pairo meM gira par3A aura aparAdha ke lie kSamA maaNgii| bharata ne kahA-'tela bharA kaTorA lie sAre nagara meM ghUma Ao / tela kI eka bUMda nIce na DAlo to tuma chUTa sakate ho| dUsarA koI vikalpa nahIM hai|' abhiyukta ne vaisA hI kiyaa| vaha bar3I sAvadhAnI se nagara meM ghama AyA aura samrATa ke sAmane prastuta huaa| samrATa ne pUchA-'nagara me ghUma Aye ?' 'jI, haaN|' abhiyukta ne saphalatA ke bhAva se khaa| samrAT-'nagara meM kucha dekhA tumane ?' abhiyukta-'nahIM, samrAT ! kucha bhI nahIM dekhaa|' 'samrAT-'kaI nATaka dekhe hoMge ?' abhiyukta-'jI nahIM ! mota ke sivA kucha bhI nahIM dekhaa|' samrAT -'kucha gIta to sune hoMge ?' abhiyukta-'samrAT kI sAkSI se kahatA hUM, mauta kI gunagunAhaTa ke sivA kucha nahIM sunaa|' samrATa-'mauta kA itanA Dara ?' abhiyukta--'samrAT ise kyA jAne / yaha mRtyudaNDa pAne vAlA hI samajha sakatA hai| samrATa ---- 'kyA samrAT amara rahegA? kabhI nhiiN| mauta ke muMha se koI nahIM baca sakatA / tuma eka jIvana kI mauta se Dara gye| na tumane nATaka dekhe aura na gIta sune / maiM mauta kI lambI paramparA se paricita huuN| yaha sAmrAjya mujhe nahIM lubhA sktaa|' samrAT kI karuNApUrNa AMkhoM ne abhiyukta ko abhaya banA

Page #21
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa diyaa| mRtyu-daNDa usake lie kevala zikSAprada thaa| samrATa kI amaratva-niSThA ne use mauta se sadA ke lie ubAra liyaa| zrAmaNya kI ora samrATa bharata nahAne ko the / snAnaghara meM gaye, aMgUThI kholii| aMgalI kI zobhA ghaTa gii| phira use pahanA, zobhA bar3ha gii| 'para padArtha se zobhA bar3hatI hai, yaha saundarya kRtrima hai'- isa cintana meM lage aura lage sahaja saundarya DhUMDhane / bhAvanA kA pravAha Age bddh'aa| karmamala ko dho DAlA / kSaNoM meM hI muni bane, na veza badalA, na rAjaprAsAda se bAhara nikale, kintu inakA Antarika saMyama inase bAhara nikala gayA aura ve pitA ke patha para cala pdd'e| RSabha ke pazcAt kAla ko cauthA caraNa duHSama-suSaNA aayaa| vaha bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koTi-koTi sAgara taka rhaa| isa avadhi meM karmakSetra kA pUrNa vikAsa huaa| dharma bahuta phuulaa-phlaa| isa yuga meM jainadharma ke bIsa tIrthaGkara hue / yaha sArA darzana prAgaitihAsika yuga kA hai| itihAsa ananta atIta kI caraNa-dhUli ko bhI nahIM chU sakA hai / vaha pAMca hajAra varSa ko bhI kalpanA ko AMkha se dekha pAtA hai saurASTra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA bauddha sAhitya kA janma-kAla mahAtmA buddha ke pahale kA nahIM hai / jaina sAhitya kA vizAla bhAga bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva kA nahIM hai / para thor3A bhAga bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA kA bhI usameM mizrita hai, yaha bahuta sambhava hai / bhagavAn ariSTanemi kI paramparA kA sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| __vedoM kA astitva pAMca hajAra varSa prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| upalabdha sAhitya zrI kRSNa ke yuga kA uttaravartI hai| isa sAhityika upalabdhi dvArA kRSNa-yuga taka kA eka rekhA-citra khIMcA jA sakatA hai / usase pUrva kI sthiti sudUra atIta meM calI jAtI hai| soriyapura nagara meM andhaka kula ke netA samudravijaya rAjya karate the| unakI paTarAnI kA nAma zivA thaa| usake cAra putra the-- ariSTanemi, rathanemi, satyanemi aura dRr3hanemi / ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara hue aura rathanemi tathA satyanemi pratyeka-buddha / . ariSTanemi kA jIva jaba zivArAnI ke garbha meM AyA taba

Page #22
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka mAtA ne caudaha svapna dekhe / zrAvaNa-kRSNA paMcamI ko rAnI ne putra-ratna kA prasava kiyaa| svapna meM riSTaratnamaya nemi dekhe jAne ke kAraNa putra kA nAma ariSTanemi rkhaa| ariSTanemi yuvA hue| iMdriya-viSayoM kI ora unakA anurAga nahIM thaa| ve virakta the| pitA samudravijaya ne socA ki aisA upakrama kiyA jAye jisase ki ariSTanemi viSayoM ke prati Asakta hokara gRhastha jIvana jIye / aneka prayatna kiye| aneka pralobhana diye gye| para ve apane lakSya se vicalita nahIM hue| kucha samaya bItA / aMta meM kRSNa ke samajhAne para ve vivAha karane ke lie rAjI ho ge| bhoja kula ke rAjanya agrasena kI putrI rAjImatI ke sAtha unakA vivAha nizcita huaa| vivAha se pUrva kiye jAne vAle sAre roti-rivAja sampanna hue| vivAha kA dina aayaa| rAjImatI alaMkRta huii| kumAra ariSTanemi bhI alaMkRta hokara hAthI para ArUr3ha huye / maMgaladIpa sajAye gye| bAje bajane lge| vara-yAtrA prArambha hii| hajAroM logoM ne use dekhaa| vaha vivAha-maMDapa kI ora dhore-dhIre bar3ha rahI thii| eka sthAna para ariSTanemi ko karuNa zabda sunAI die / unhoMne sArathI se pUchA -- 'ye zabda kahAM se A rahe haiN| sArathI ne kahA-deva ! ye zabda pazuoM kI cItkAra ke haiN| ve Apake vivAha meM sammilita hone vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie bhojya bneNge| maraNa-bhaya se ve Akrandana kara rahe haiN|' ariSTanemi kA mana khinna ho gyaa| unhoMne kahA- 'yaha kaisA Ananda ! yaha kaisA vivAha ! jahAM hajAroM mUka pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA hai / yaha to saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kA hetu hai| maiM isameM kyoM par3a !' unhoMne hAthI ko vahAM se apane nivAsa sthAna kI ora mor3a diyaa| ve mAtA-pitA ke pAsa gaye aura pravajita hone kI icchA vyakta kii| mAtA-pitA kI AjJA prApta karake ve tele kI tapasyA meM ujjayaMta parvata para sahasrAmravana meM zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina eka hajAra vyaktiyoM ke sAtha pravajita ho ge| unheM copana dina ke bAda Azvina kRSNA amAvasyA ke dina kaivalya-prApti ho gii| ve kevalI bane / ve dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kara bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ho ge|

Page #23
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru ghora AMgirasa RSi the / jaina AgamoM ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ke AdhyAtmika guru bAisaveM tIrthaMGkara ariSTanemi the / ghora AMgirasa kRSNa ko jo AtmavAdI dhAraNA kA upadeza diyA hai, vaha jaina paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai / 'tU akSata akSaya hai, acyuta - avinAzI hai aura prANa-saMzita -- atisUkSmaprANa hai|' isa trayI ko sunakara zrIkRSNa anya vidyAoM ke prati tRSNAhIna ho gaye / jaina darzana AtmavAda kI bhitti para avasthita hai / ghora AMgirasa ne jo upadeza diyA usakA sambaMdha AtmavAdI dhAraNA se hai / 'isibhAsiya' meM AMgirasa nAmaka pratyeka yuddha kA ullekha hai / ve bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke zAsanakAla meM hue the / isa AdhAra para yaha sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki ghora AMgirasa yA to ariSTanemi ke ziSya yA unake vicAroM se prabhAvita koI saMnyAsI rahe hoMge / kRSNa aura ariSTanemi kA pArivArika saMbaMdha bhI thA / ariSTanemisamudravijaya ke aura kRSNa vasudeva ke putra the / samudravijaya aura vasudeva sage bhAI the / kRSNa ne ariSTanemi ke vivAha ke lie prayatna kiyaa| ariSTanemi kI dIkSA ke samaya ve upasthita the / rAjImatI ko bhI dIkSA ke samaya meM unhoMne bhAvuka zabdoM meM -AzIrvAda diyA / 18 kRSNa ke priya anuja gajasukumAla ne ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSA lii| kRSNa kI ATha patniyAM ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravrajita huiiN| kRSNa ke putra aura aneka pArivArika loga ariSTanemi ke ziSya | jaina sAhitya meM ariSTanemi aura kRSNa ke vArtAlApoM, praznottaroM aura vividha carcAoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiM / vedoM meM kRSNa ke devarUpa kI carcA nahIM hai / chAndogya upaniSad meM bhI kRSNa ke yathArtha rUpa kA varNana nahIM hai / paurANika kAla meM kRSNa kA rUpa parivartana hotA hai / ve sarvazaktimAna deva bana jAte haiM / kRSNa ke yathArtha rUpa kA varNana jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai / -ariSTanemi aura unakI vANI se ve prabhAvita the, ise asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / usa samaya saurASTra kI AdhyAtmika cetanA kA Aloka samUce bhArata ko Alokita kara rahA thA /

Page #24
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka tIrthaMkara pArzva teIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzva aitihAsika puruSa haiM / unakA tIrtha - pravartana bhagavAn mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya taka unakI paramparA avicchinna thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the | ahiMsA aura satya kI sAdhanA ko samAjavyApI banAne kA zra eya bhagavAn pArzva ko hai | bhagavAna pArzva ahiMsaka paraMparA ke unnayana dvArA bahuta lokapriya ho gaye the| isakI jAnakArI hameM 'purisAdANIya' [ puruSAdAnIya ] vizeSaNa ke dvArA milatI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna pArzva ke lie isa vizeSaNa kA sammAnapUrvaka prayoga karate the / 16 ye kAzI nareza azvasena ke putra the / inakI mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI thA / ye 30 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue| varSoM taka sAdhanA kara kevalI bane / tIrtha kI sthApanA kara RSabha kI zRMkhalA meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara hue / inakA janma I0 pU0 877 meM huA / inhoMne sau varSoM kI Ayu vyatIta kara I0 pU0 777 meM sammedazikhara [ pArasanAtha pahAr3I ] para parinirvANa ko prApta kiyA / inake 178 varSa pazcAta bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA / pArzva ke samaya meM cAturyAma dharma pravartita thA / eka bAra rAjakumAra pArzva gaMgA ke kinAre ghUmane nikle| vahAM eka tApasa paMcAgni tapa kara rahA thA / cAroM dizAoM meM agni jala rahI thii| Upara se sUrya kA pracaNDa tApa A rahA thA / pArzva vahAM Akara ruke / unheM janma se avadhijJAna [ eka prakAra kA atIndriya jJAna] prApta thA / usa divya jJAna se unhoMne lakkar3a meM jala rahe sarpa - yugala ko jAna liyA / unhoMne tApasa se kahA - 'yaha kyA ? jala rahe isa lakkar3a meM sAMpa kA eka jor3A hai / vaha jalakara bhasma ho jAegA / ' lakkar3a ko bAhara nikAlA gayA / sAMpa kA jor3A adhajalA ho cukA thaa| use dekhakara saba Azcaryacakita raha gae / rAjakumAra pArzva ne use namaskAra maMtra sunAyA / vaha sarpa yugala mara kara deva-rUpa meM utpanna huA | dharaNendra - padmAvatI ke nAma se vaha yugala pArzvanAtha kA parama upAsaka banA / * dharmAnanda kausambI ne bhagavAna pArzva ke bAre meM kucha mAnyatAeM prastuta kI haiM :

Page #25
jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 'parIkSita kA rAjya-kAla buddha se tIna zatAbdiyoM se pUrva nahIM jA sakatA / parIkSita ke bAda janamejaya gaddI para AyA aura usane kurU deza meM mahAyajJa kara vaidika dharma kA jhaNDA phhraayaa| isI samaya kAzI deza meM pArzva eka nayI saMskRti kI nIMva DAla rahe the| pArva kA janma vArANasI nagara meM azvasena nAmaka rAjA kI vAmA nAmaka rAnI se huaa| aisI kathA jaina graMthoM meM AyI hai| pArzva kI nayI saMskRti kAzI rAjya meM acchI taraha TikI rahI hogI, kyoMki buddha ko bhI apane pahale ziSyoM ko khojane ke lie vArANasI hI jAnA par3A thaa| pArzva kA dharma bilakUla sIdhA-sAdA thaa| hiMsA, asatya, steya tathA parigraha ina cAra bAtoM ke tyAga karane kA ve upadeza dete the| itane prAcIna kAla me ahiMsA ko itanA susambaddha rUpa dene kA yaha pahalA hI udAharaNa hai| sinAI parvata para mojesa ko Izvara ne jo dasa AjJAeM sUnAIM, unameM hatyA mata karo, isakA bhI samAveza thA / para una AjJAoM ko sunakara mojesa aura unake anuyAyI pailesTAina meM ghuse aura vahAM khana kI nadiyAM bhaaiiN| na jAne kitane logoM ko katla kiyA ora na jAne kitanI yuvatI striyoM ko pakar3akara kara Apasa meM bAMTa liyaa| ina bAtoM ko ahiMsA kahanA ho to phira hiMsA kise kahA jAe ? tAtparya yaha hai pArzva ke pahale pRthvI para saccI ahiMsA me bharA huA dharma yA tattva-jJAna thA hI nhiiN| pArzva muni ne eka aura bhI bAta kii| unhoMne ahiMsA ko satya, asteya aura aparigraha- ina tIna niyamoM ke sAtha jakar3a diyaa| isa kAraNa pahale jo ahiMsA RSi-muniyoM ke AcaraNa taka hI sImita thI aura janatA ke vyavahAra meM jisakA koI sthAna na thA, aba vaha ina niyamoM ke sambandha se sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika ho gii| pArzva muni ne tIsarI bAta yaha kI ki apane navIna dharma ke pracAra ke lie unhoMne saMgha banAe / bauddha sAhitya se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki buddha ke samaya jo saMgha vidyamAna the, una saboM meM jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kA saMgha sabase bar3A thaa| pArzva ke pahale brAhmaNoM ke bar3e-bar3e samUha the, para ve sirpha yajJayAga kA pracAra karane ke lie hI the| yajJa-yAga kA tiraskAra kara

Page #26
bhagavAn RSabha se pArzva taka usakA tyAga karake jaMgaloM meM tapasyA karane vAloM ke saMgha bhI the| tapasyA kA eka aMga samajhakara hI ve ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karate the para samAja meM usakA upadeza nahIM dete the| ve logoM se bahuta kama milate-julate the| buddha ke pahale yajJa-yAga ko dharma mAnane vAle brAhmaNa the aura usake bAda yajJa-yAga se Ubakara jaMgaloM meM jAne vAle tapasvI the / buddha ke samaya aise brAhmaNa aura tapasvI na the, aisI bAta nahIM hai| para ina do prakAra ke doSoM ko dekhane vAle tIsare prakAra ke saMnyAsI bhI the aura una logoM se pArzva muni ke ziSyoM ko pahalA sthAna denA caahie"| __ jaina paramparA ke anusAra cAturyAma dharma ke prathama pravartaka bhagavAn ajitanAtha aura antima pravartaka bhagavAn pArzva haiN| dUsare tIrthakara se lekara teIsaveM tIrthaMkara taka cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza calA / kevala bhagavAn RSabha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvrata dharma kA upadeza diyaa| nirgrantha zramaNoM ke saMgha bhagavAna RSabha se hI rahe haiM, kintu ve vartamAna itihAsa kI paridhi se pare haiM / itihAsa kI dRSTi se kausambIjI kI saMghabaddhatA sambandhI dhAraNA sahI hai| 1. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma / /

Page #27
bhagavAn mahAvIra saMsAra juA hai / use khIMcane vAle do baila haiM-janma aura mauta / saMsAra kA dUsarA pArzva hai--mukti / vahAM janma aura mauta donoM nhiiN| vaha amRta hai| vaha amaratva kI sAdhanA kA sAdhya hai| manuSya kisI sAdhya kI pUrti ke lie janma nahIM letaa| janma lenA saMsAra kI anivAryatA hai / janma lene vAle meM yogyatA hotI hai, saMskAroM kA saMcaya hotA hai| isalie vaha apanI yogyatA ke anukala apanA sAdhya cuna letA hai| jisakA jaisA viveka, usakA vaisA hI sAdhya aura vaisI hI sAdhanA- yaha eka tathya hai / isakA apavAda nahIM hotaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI isake apavAda nahIM the| janma aura parivAra duHSama-suSamA pUrA hone meM 74 varSa, 11 mahine, sAr3he sAta dina bAkI the / grISma Rtu thii| caitra zuklA trayodazI ko madhyarAtri kI belA thii| usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huaa| yaha IsvI pUrva 566 kI bAta hai| videha meM kuNDapura nAmaka eka nagara thaa| usake do bhAga the / uttara bhAga kA nAma kSatriya kuNDagrAma aura dakSiNa bhAga kA nAma brAhmaNa kuDagrAma thaa| bhagavAna kA janma dakSiNa kuNDagrAma meM huA thaa| bhagavAna kI mAtA trizalA kSatriyANI aura pitA siddhArtha the / ve bhagavAna pArzva kI paraMparA ke zramaNopAsaka the| trizalA vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke pramukha ceTaka kI bahana thii| siddhArtha kSatriya kuNDagrAma ke adhipati the| bhagavAna ke bar3e bhAI kA nAma nandivardhana thA / unakA vivAha ceTaka kI putrI jyeSThA ke sAtha huA thaa| bhagavAna ke kAkA kA nAma supArzva aura bar3I bahana kA nAma sudarzanA thaa| nAma aura gautra bhagavAna jaba trizalA ke garbha meM Aye, taba se sampadAeM bar3hIM,

Page #28
23 bhagavAn mahAvIra isalie mAtA-pitA ne unakA nAma vardhamAna rkhaa| ve jJAta [nAga] nAmaka kSatriya-kula meM utpanna hue, isalie kula ke AdhAra para unakA nAma nAgaputra huaa| sAdhanA ke dIrghakAla meM unhoMne aneka kaSToM kA vIra-vRtti se sAmanA kiyaa| apane lakSya se kabhI bhI vicalita nahIM hue, isalie unakA nAma mahAvIra huaa| yahI nAma sabase adhika pracalita hai| siddhArtha kAzyapa-gautrIya the| pitA kA gautra hI putra kA gautra hotA hai / isalie mahAvIra kAzyapa-gautrIya khlaae| yauvana aura vivAha bAla krIr3A ke bAda adhyayana kA samaya aayaa| tIrthaMkara garbhakAla se avadhi-jJAnI hote haiM / mahAvIra bhI avadhi-jJAnI the| ve par3hane ke lie gaye / adhyApaka jo par3hAnA cAhatA thA, vaha unheM jJAta thA / Akhira adhyApaka ne kahA -Apa svayaM siddha haiN| Apako paDhane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| ___ yauvana aayaa| mahAvIra kA vivAha huaa| ve sahaja virakta the / vivAha karane kI unakI icchA nahIM thii| para mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se unhoMne vivAha kiyaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rhe| zvetAmbara-sAhitya ke anusAra unakA vivAha kSatriya-kanyA yazodA ke sAtha huaa| unake priyadarzanA nAma kI eka kanyA huI / usakA vivAha sudarzanA ke putra [Apake bhAnaje] jamAli ke sAtha huaa| unake eka zeSavatI [dUsarA nAma yazasvatI nAma kI dauhitrI-dhevatI huii| mahAbhiniSkramaNa ve jaba aTThAIsa varSa ke hue taba unake mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| unhoMne tatkAla zramaNa bananA cAhA para nandivardhana ke Agraha se vaisA ho na sakA / unhoMne mahAvIra se ghara meM rahane kA Agraha kiyaa| ve use TAla na sake / do varSa taka phira ghara meM rhe| yaha jIvana unakA ekAMta viraktimaya biitaa| isa samaya unhoMne kaccA jala pInA choDa diyA, rAtri-bhojana nahIM kiyA aura brahmacArI rhe|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM unakA abhiSkrimaNa huaa| ve amaratva kI sAdhanA ke lie nikala ge| 'Aja se saba pApa-karma akaraNIya haiM'- isa pratijJA ke sAtha ve zramaNa bane / zAnti unake jIvana kA sAdhya thaa| krAnti usakA sahacara pariNAma / unhoMne bAraha varSa taka zAnta, mauna aura dIrgha tapasvI jIvana bitaayaa| sAdhanA aura siddhi ___ bhagavAn ne kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda aura vinayavAda Adi sabhI vAdoM ko jAnA aura phira apanA mArga cunA / ve svayaM sambuddha the / bhagavAn nirgrantha banate hI apanI janmabhUmi se cala pdd'e| hemanta Rtu thii| bhavagan ke pAsa kevala eka deva-dUSya bastra thaa| bhagavAna ne nahIM socA ki sardI meM maiM yaha vastra phnuuNgaa| ve kaSTasahiSNu the| teraha mahInoM taka vaha vastra bhagavAn ke pAsa rhaa| phira use chor3akara bhagavAn pUrNa acela ho gye| ve pUrNa asaMgrahI the| bhagavAna prahara-prahara taka kisI lakSya para AMkheM TIkA dhyAna karate / usa samaya gAMva ke bAla-bacce udhara se A nikalate aura bhagavAna ko dekhate hI hallA macAte, cillaate| phira bhI ve sthira rahate / ve dhyAnalIna the| bhagavAna ko pratikala kaSToM kI bhAMti anukala kaSTa sahane pdd'e| bhagavAna jaba kabhI janAkIrNa bastI meM Thaharate, unake saundarya se lalanA aneka lalanAeM unakA prema caahtiiN| bhagavAna unheM sAdhanA kI bAdhA mAna paraheja krte| ve sva-pravezI [Atma-lIna] the / sAdhanA ke lie ekAntavAsa aura mauna-ye Avazyaka haiN| jo pahale apane ko na sAdhe, vaha dUsaroM ke hita nahIM sAdha sktaa| svayaM apUrNa, pUrNatA kA mArga nahIM dikhA sktaa| bhagavAna gRhasthoM se milanA-julanA chor3a dhyAna karate, pUchane para bhI nahIM bolate / kaI AdamI bhagavAna ko mArate-pITate, kintu unheM bhI ve kucha nahIM kahate / bhagavAna vaisI kaThoracaryA meM rama rahe the jo sabake lie sulabha nahIM hai| bhagavAna asahya kaSToM ko shte| kaThoratama kaSToM kI ve paravAha nahIM karate / vyavahAra dRSTi se unakA jIvana nIrasa thaa| ve

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25 bhagavAn mahAvIra nRtya aura gItoM se jarA bhI nahIM llcaate| daMDa-yuddha, muSTi-yuddha Adi lar3aiyAM dekhane ko bhI utsuka nahIM hote| bhagavAn strI-kathA, bhakta-kathA, deza-kathA, aura rAja-kathA meM bhAga nahIM lete| unheM madhyastha bhAva se TAla dete| ve sAre kaSTaanukUla aura pratikUla, jo sAdhanA ke pUrNa virAma haiM, bhagavAn ko lakSyacyuta nahIM kara ske| bhagavAna ne vijAtIya tattvoM [pudgala-Asakti] ko na zaraNa dI aura na unakI lI / ve nirapekSa bhAva se jIte rahe / ___ bhagavAn zramaNa banane se do varSa pahale hI apekSAoM ko ThukarAne lage / sajIva pAnI pInA chor3a diyA; apanA akelApana dekhane laga gae; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI jvAlA ko zAnta kara DAlA / samyak-darzana kA rUpa nikhara utthaa| paudgalika AsthAeM hila gii| ___bhagavAn ne miTTo, pAnI, agni, vAyu vanaspati aura cara jIvoM kA astitva jAnA / unheM sajIva mAna ve unakI hiMsA se vilaga ho gye| __bhagavAn ne saMsAra ke upAdAna ko DhUMDha nikAlA / usake anusAra upAdhi-parigraha se bandhe hue jIva hI karma-baddha hote haiN| karma hI saMsAra-bhramaNa kA hetU hai / ve karmoM ke svarUpa ko jAna unase alaga ho gaye / bhagavAn ne svayaM ahiMsA ko jIvana meM utaaraa| dUsaroM ko unakA mArgadarzana diyA / vAsanA ko sarva karma-pravAha kA mUla mAna bhagavAn ne strI-saMga chodd'aa| ____ ahiMsA aura brahmacarya-ye donoM sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta tattva haiN| ahiMsA, avaira sAdhanA hai / brahmacarya jIvana kI pavitratA hai| avaira bhAva ke binA Atma-sAmya kI anubhUti aura pavitratA ke binA vikAsa kA mArgadarzana nahIM ho sktaa| isalie bhagavAn ne una para bar3I sUkSmadRSTi se manana kiyaa| bhagavAn ne dekhA-baMdha karma se hotA hai| unhoMne pApa ko hI nahIM, usake mUla ko ukhAr3a pheNkaa| bhagavAn apane lie banAyA huA bhojana nahIM lete| ve zuddha bhikSA ke dvArA apanA jIvana calAte / AhAra kA viveka karanA ahiMsA aura brahmacarya- ina donoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / jIva

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa hiMsA kA hetubhUta AhAra jaise sadoSa hotA hai, vaise hI brahmacarya meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA AhAra bhI sadoSa hai / AhAra kI mImAMsA meM ahiMsA-vizuddhi ke bAda brahmacarya kI vizuddhi kI ora dhyAna denA sahaja prApta hotA hai / bhagavAn AhAra-pAnI kI mAtrA ke jAnakAra the / rasa-gRddhi se ve kinArA karate rhe| ve jImanavAra meM nahIM jAte aura durbhikSa-bhojana bhI nahIM lete| unhoMne sarasa bhojana kA saMkalpa taka nahIM kiyaa| ve sadA anAzakti aura yAtrA-nirvAha ke lie bhojana karate rhe| bhagavAna ne anAzakti ke lie zarIra kI paricaryA ko bhI tyAga rakhA thA / ve khAja nahIM khanate / AMkha ko bhI sApha nahIM krte| bhagavAna saMga-tyAga kI daSTi se gahastha ke pAtra meM khAnA nahIM khAte aura na unake vastra hI phnte| bhagavAna kA dRSTi-saMyama anuttara thaa| ve calate-calate idharaudhara nahIM dekhate, pIche nahIM dekhate, bulAne para nahIM bolate, sirpha mArga ko dekhate hue clte| bhagavAn prakRti-vijetA the| ve sardI meM naMge badana ghUmate / sardI se Dare binA hAthoM ko phailA kara calate / bhagavAn apratibaddha-vihArI the, parivrAjaka the / bIca-bIca meM zilpa-zAlA, sUnA ghara, jhoMpar3I, prapA, dUkAna, lohakAra-zAlA, vizrAma-gRha, zmazAna, vRkSamUla Adi sthAnoM meM Thaharate / isa prakAra bhagavAna bAraha varSa aura sAr3he chaha mAsa taka kaThora caryA kA pAlana karate hue Atma-samAdhi meM lIna rhe| bhagavAn sAdhanA-kAla meM samAhita ho gaye / apane Apa meM samA ge| bhagavAn dina-rAta jAgarUka rahate / unakA antaHkaraNa satata kriyAzIla yA AtmAnveSI ho gyaa| bhagavAn apramatta vana gye| ve bhaya aura doSakAraka pravRttiyoM se haTakara satata jAgarUka bana ge| ___ dhyAna karane ke lie samAdhi [Atma-lInatA yA citta svAsthya], yatanA aura jAgarUkatA- ye sahaja apekSita haiN| bhagavAn ne Atmika vAtAvaraNa ko dhyAna ke anukala banA liyaa| bAharI vAtAvaraNa para vijaya pAnA vyakti ke sAmarthya kI bAta hai, use badalanA usake sAmarthya se pare bhI ho sakatA hai / Atmika vAtAvaraNa badalA jA sakatA hai / bhagavAn ne isa sAmarthya kA pUrA upayoga kiyaa| bhagavAn ne nIMda para bhI vijaya pA lii| ve dina-rAta kA adhika bhAga khar3e rahakara dhyAna meM bitAte / vizrAma ke lie thor3e.

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bhagavAn mahAvIra 27 samaya leTate, taba bhI nIMda nahIM lete / jaba kabhI nIMda satAne lagatI to bhagavAn phira khar3e hokara dhyAna meM laga jAte / kabhI-kabhI to sardI kI rAtoM meM ghar3iyoM taka bAhara rahakara nIMda TAlane ke lie dhyAnamagna ho jaate| bhagavAn ne pUre sAdhanA-kAla meM sirpha eka muhUrta taka nIMda lii| zeSa sArA samaya dhyAna aura Atma-jAgaraNa meM biitaa| bhagavAn titikSA kI parIkSA-bhUmi the| caMDakauzika sAMpa ne unheM kATa khAyA / aura bhI sAMpa, nevale Adi sarIsapa jAta ke jantu unheM satAte / pakSiyoM ne unheM nocaa| bhagavAn ko mauna aura zUnyagRha-vAsa ke kAraNa aneka kaSTa jhelane pdd'e| grAma-rakSaka rAjapuruSa aura duSkarmA vyakyioM kA kopabhAjana bananA pdd'aa| unhoMne kucha prasaMgoM para bhagavAn ko satAyA, yAtanA dene kA prayatna kiyA / bhagavAn abahuvAdI the / ve prAyaH mauna rahate / AvazyakatA hone para bhI vizeSa nahIM bolate / ekAnta sthAna meM unheM khar3A dekha loga pUchate----'tuma kauna ho ?' taba bhagavAn kabhI-kabhI nahIM bolate / bhagavAn ke mauna se cir3hakara ve unheM satAte / bhagavAn kSamA-dharma ko sva-dharma mAnate hue saba kucha saha lete / ve apanI samAdhi [mAnasika saMtulana yA svAsthya] ko bhI nahIM khote / kabhI kabhI bhagavAn praznakartA ko saMkSipta-sA uttara bhI dete / 'maiM bhikSa haM'-- yaha kaha kara phira apane dhyAna meM lIna ho jaate| devoM ne bhI bhagavAn ko achUtA nahIM chodd'aa| unhoMne bhI bhagavAn ko ghora upasarga die / bhagavAn ne gaMdha, zabda aura sparza sambandhI aneka kaSTa she| sAmAnya bAta yaha hai ki kaSTa kisI ke lie bhI iSTa nahIM hotaa| sthiti yaha hai ki jIvana meM kaSTa Ate haiM, phira ve priya lageM yA na lgeN| kucha vyakti kaSToM ko vizaddhi ke lie varadAna mAna unheM haMsane-haMsate jhela lete haiM / kucha vyakti adhIra ho jAte haiM / adhIra ko kaSTa sahana karanA par3atA hai aura dhIra kaSTa ko sahate haiM / sAdhanA kA mArga isase bhI aura Age hai| vahAM kaSTa nimaMtrita kiye jAte haiM / sAdhanAzIla unheM apane bhavana kA dRr3ha stambha mAnate haiM / kaSTa Ane para sAdhanA kA bhavana gira na par3e, isa dRSTi se ve

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa pahale hI use kaSToM ke khambhoM para khar3A karate haiN| jAna-bUjhakara jo kaSToM ko nyotA detA hai, use unake Ane para arati aura na Ane para rati nahIM ho sktii| arati aura rati-ye donoM sAdhanA ke bAdhaka haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ina donoM ko pacA lete the| ve madhyastha the| madhyastha vahI hotA hai jo arati aura rati kI ora na jhuke| bhagavAn tRNa-sparza ko sahate / tinako ke Asana para naMge badana baiThate. leTate aura naMge paira calate taba ve cubhate / bhagavAn unakI cubhana se ghabarAkara vastradhArI nahIM bne| ___ bhagavAn ne zIta-sparza shaa| zizira meM jaba ThaNDI havAeM phukAre mAratIM, loga unake sparza mAtra se kAMpa uThate; dUsare sAdha pavana-zUnya sthAna kI khoja aura kapar3A pahanane kI bAta socane laga jAte / kucha tApasa dhUnI tapakara sardI se bacate ; kucha loga ThiThurate hue kivAr3a ko banda kara vizrAma karate / vaisI kar3I aura asahya sadI meM bhI bhagavAn zarIra-nirapekSa hokara khule barAmadoM aura kabhI-kabhI khule dvAra vAle sthAnoM meM baiTha use sahate / bhagavAn ne AtApanAeM lIM / sUrya ke sammukha hokara tApa shaa| vastra na pahanane ke kAraNa macchara aura kSudra jantu kATate, ve use samabhAva se saha lete| bhagavAn ne sAdhanA kI kasauTI cAhI / ve vaise janapadoM meM gae, jahAM ke loga nigraMtha sAdhuoM se paricita nahIM the| vahAM bhagavAn ne sthAna aura Asana saMbaMdhI kaSToM ko haMsate-haMsate sahA / vahAM ke loga rUkSa bhojI the, isalie unameM krodha kI mAtrA adhika thii| usakA phala bhagavAn ko bhI sahanA pdd'aa| bhagavAn vahAM ke lie pUrNatayA aparicita the, isalie kutte bhI unheM eka ora se dUsarI ora suvidhApUrvaka nahIM jAne dete / bahuta sAre kutte bhagavAn ko ghera lete| taba kucheka vyakti aise the, jo unako haTAte / bahuta se loga aise the jo kuttoM ko bhagavAn ko kATane ke lie prerita krte| vahAM jo dUsare zramaNa the ve lAThI rakhate, phira bhI kuttoM ke upadrava se mukta nahIM the| bhagavAn ke pAsa apane bacAva kA koI sAdhana nahIM thA, phira bhI ve zAntabhAva saM vahAM ghUmate rhe| __ bhagavAn kA saMyama anuttara thaa| ve svastha dazA meM bhI avamaudarya karate-kama khAte / roga hone para bhI ve cikitsA nahIM

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bhagavAn mahAvIra 26 karate, auSadha nahIM lete / ve virecana, vamana, taila-mardana, snAna, datauna Adi nahIM karate / unakA patha indriya ke kAMToM se abAdha thA / kama khAnA aura auSadha na lenA svAsthya ke lie hitakara hai| bhagavAn ne vaha svAsthya ke lie nahIM kiyA / ve vahI karate jo AtmA ke pakSa meM hotA / unakI sArI caryA Atma-lakSI thI / anna-jala ke binA do dina, pakSa, mAsa, chaha mAsa bitAe / utkaTuka, godohikA Adi Asana kie, dhyAna kiyA; kaSAya ko jItA; Asakti ko jItA; yaha saba nirapekSabhAva se kiyA / bhagavAn ne moha ko jItA, isalie ve 'jina' kahalAe / bhagavAn kI apramatta sAdhanA saphala huI / grISma Rtu kA vaizAkha mahInA thA / zukla dazamI kA dina thA / chAyA pUrva kI ora Dhala cukI thii| pichale pahara kA samaya, vijaya muhUrtta aura utarA phAlgunI kA yoga thA / usa belA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra jaMbhiyagrAma nagara ke bAhara RjubAlikA nadI ke uttara kinAre zyAmAka gAthApati kI kRSi bhUmi meM vyAvarta nAmaka caMtya ke nikaTa zAlavRkSa ke nIce 'godohikA' Asana meM baiThe hue IzAnakoNa kI ora muMha kara sUrya kA Atapa le rahe the / do dina kA nirjala upavAsa thA / bhagavAn zukla dhyAna meM lIna the / dhyAna kA utkarSa bar3hA / kSapaka zreNI lii| bhagavAn utkrAMta bana gae / utkrAMti ke kucha hI kSaNoM meM ve Atma-vikAsa kI AThavIM, navIM aura dasavIM bhUmikA ko pAra kara gae / bArahavIM bhUmikA meM pahuMcate hI unake moha kA bandhana pUrNataH TUTa gayA / ve vItarAga bana gae / terahavIM bhUmikA kA pravezadvAra khulaa| vahAM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ke bandhana bhI pUrNataH TUTa ge| bhagavAn aba ananta - jJAnI, ananta-darzanI, ananta-Anandamaya aura ananta - vIryavAn bana ge| aba ve sarva loka ke, sarva jIvoM ke sarvabhAva jAnane-dekhane lage / unakA sAdhanA-kAla samApta ho gayA / aba ve siddhi-kAla kI maryAdA meM pahuMca gae, terahaveM varSa ke sAtaveM mahIne meM kevalI bana gae / dharma ke saMghIya prayoga bhagavAn ne pahalA pravacana deva pariSad meM kiyA / deva ati vilAsI hote haiM / ve vrata aura saMyama svIkAra nahIM karate / bhagavAn kA pahalA pravacana niSphala huA 1 bhagavAn jaMbhiyagrAma nagara se vihAra kara madhyama pAvApurI

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa padhAre / vahAM somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ne eka virAT yajJa kA Ayojana kara rakhA thaa| usa anuSThAna kI pUrti ke lie vahAM indrabhUti pramukha gyAraha vedavid brAhmaNa Aye hue the| bhagavAn kI jAnakArI pA unameM pAMDitya kA bhAva jaagaa| indrabhUti uThe / bhagavAn ko parAjita karane ke lie ve apanI ziSya sampadA ke sAtha bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM aae| unheM jIva ke bAre meM saMdeha thA / bhagavAn ne unake gUr3ha prazna ko svayaM sAmane lA rkhaa| indrabhUti sahama ge| unheM sarvathA pracchanna apane vicAra ke prakAzana para acaraja huaa| unakI antar-AtmA bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM jhaka gii| bhagavAn ne unakA saMdeha-nivartana kiyaa| ve uThe, namaskAra kiyA aura zraddhApUrvaka bhagavAn ke ziSya bana gae / bhagavAn ne unheM chaha jIva-nikAya, pAMca mahAvrata aura pacIsa bhAvanAoM kA upadeza diyaa| indrabhUti gautamagotrI the| jaina-sAhitya meM inakA suvizruta nAma gautama hai / bhagavAn ke sAtha inake saMvAda aura praznottara isI nAma se upalabdha hote haiM / ye bhagavAn ke pahale gaNadhara aura jyeSTha ziSya bne| ___iMdrabhUti kI ghaTanA suna dUsare paNDitoM kA krama baMdha gyaa| ekaeka kara ve saba Ae aura bhagavAn ke ziSya bana ge| una sabake eka-eka saMdeha thA 1. indrabhUti-jIva hai yA nahIM ? 2. agnibhUti-karma hai yA nahIM? 3. vAyubhUti-zarIra aura jIva eka hai yA bhinna ? 4. vyakta-pRthvI Adi bhata haiM yA nahIM ? 5. sudharmA-yahAM jo jaisA hai vaha paraloka meM bhI vaisA hotA _ hai yA nahIM ? 6. maMDitaputra-bandha-mokSa hai yA nahIM ? 7. mauryaputra - deva haiM yA nahIM? 8. akampita-naraka hai yA nahIM ? 6. acalabhrAtA-puNya hI mAtrA-bheda se sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa banatA hai yA pApa usase pRthak hai ? 10. metArya-AtmA hone para bhI paraloka hai yA nahIM ?

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39 bhagavAn mahAvIra 11. prabhAsa -mokSa hai yA nahIM ? bhagavAna unake pracchanna saMdehoM ko prakAza meM lAte gae aura ve unakA samAdhAna pA apane ko samarpita karate gae / isa prakAra pahale pravacana meM hI bhagavAn kI ziSya-sampadA samRddha ho gaI-4400 ziSya bana ge| bhagavAn ne indrabhUti Adi gyAraha vidvAn ziSyoM ko gaNadhara 'pada para niyukta kiyA aura aba bhagavAn kA tIrtha vistAra pAne lgaa| 'striyoM ne pravrajyA lii| sAdhvIsaMgha kA netRtva candanavAlA ko sauNpaa| Age calakara 14 hajAra sAdhu aura 36 hajAra sAdhviyAM huiiN| striyoM ko sAdhvI hone kA adhikAra denA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA viziSTa manobala thaa| isa samaya dUsare dharma ke AcArya aisA karane meM hicakate the / AcArya vinobA bhAve ne isa prasaMga kA bar3e mArmika DhaMga se sparza kiyA hai| unake zabdoM meM ---.'mahAvIra ke saMpradAya meMstrI-puruSoM kA kisI prakAra kA koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| puruSoM ko jitane adhikAra die gae haiM, ve saba adhikAra bahanoM ko die gae the / maiM ina mAmUlI adhikAroM kI bAta nahIM karatA hUM, jo ina dinoM calatA hai aura jinakI carcA Ajakala bahata calatI hai| usa samaya aise adhikAra prApta karane kI AvazyakatA bhI mahasUsa nahIM huI hogii| parantu maiM to AdhyAtmika adhikAroM kI bAta kara rahA huuN| puruSoM ko jitane AdhyAtmika adhikAra milate haiM, utane hI striyoM ko bhI adhikAra ho sakate haiM / ina AdhyAtmika adhikAroM meM mahAvIra ne koI bheda-buddhi nahIM rakhI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa unake ziSyoM meM jitane zramaNa the, unase jyAdA zramaNiyAM thiiN| vaha prathA Aja taka jaina dharma meM calI AyI hai| Aja bhI jaina saMnyAsinI hotI haiN| jaina dharma meM yaha niyama hai ki saMnyAsI akele nahIM ghUma sakate haiN| do se kama nahIM, aisA saMnyAsoM aura saMnyAsiniyoM ke lie niyama hai| tadnusAra do-do bahaneM hindustAna meM ghUmatI huI dekhate haiN| bihAra, mAravAr3a, gujarAta, kolhApura, karnATaka aura tamilanADu kI tarapha isa taraha ghUmatI huI dekhane ko milatI haiM, yaha eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA mAnanI caahie| mahAvIra ke pIche cAlIsa hI sAla ke bAda gautama buddha hue, jinhoMne striyoM ko saMnyAsa denA ucita nahIM maanaa| striyoM ko saMnyAsa

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32 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa dene meM dharma- maryAdA nahIM rahegI, aisA andAjA unako thaa| lekina eka dina unakA ziSya AnaMda eka bahana ko le AyA aura buddha bhagavAn ke sAmane upasthita kiyA aura buddha bhagavAn se kahA - 'yaha bahana Apake upadeza ke lie sarvathA pAtra hai, aisA maiMne dekha liyA hai / ApakA upadeza arthAt saMnyAsa kA upadeza ise milanA cAhie / ' to buddha bhagavAn ne use dIkSA dI aura bole - 'he AnaMda, tere Agraha aura prema ke lie yaha kAma kara rahA hUM lekina isase apane saMpradAya ke lie eka bar3A khatarA maiMne uThA liyA hai|' aisA vAkya buddha bhagavAn kahA aura vaisA pariNAma bAda meM AyA bhI / bauddhoM ke itihAsa meM buddha ko jisa khatare kA andezA thA, vaha pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi bauddha dharma kA itihAsa parAkramazAlI hai| usameM doSa hote hue bhI vaha deza ke lie abhimAna rakhane ke lAyaka hai / lekina jo Dara buddha ko thA, vaha mahAvIra ko nahIM thA, yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai / mahAvIra niDara dIkha par3ate haiM / isakA mere mana para bahuta asara hai / isIlie mujhe mahAvIra kI tarapha vizeSa AkarSaNa hai / buddha kI mahimA bhI bahuta hai / sArI duniyA meM unakI karuNA kI bhAvanA phaila rahI hai, isIlie unake vyaktitva meM kisI prakAra kI nyUnatA hogo, aisA maiM nahIM mAnatA hUM / mahApuruSoM kI bhinna-bhinna vRttiyAM hotI haiM, lekina kahanA par3egA ki gautama buddha ko vyAvahArika bhUmikA chU sakI aura mahAvIra kI vyAvahArika bhUmikA chU nahIM sakI / unhoMne strI-puruSoM meM tattvataH bheda nahIM rkhaa| ve itane dRr3hapratijJa rahe ki mere mana meM unake lie eka vizeSa hI Adara hai / isI meM unakI mahAvIratA hai / rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke saMpradAya meM strI sirpha eka hI thI aura vaha thI zrI zAradA devI, jo rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kI patnI thI aura nAmamAtra kI hI patnI thii| vaise to vaha unakI mAtA ho gaI thI aura sampradAya ke sabhI bhAiyoM ke lie vaha mAtRsthAna meM hI thI / parantu unake sivA aura kisI strI ko dIkSA nahIM dI gaI thI / mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda 2500 sAla hue, lekina himmata nahIM ho sakatI thI ki bahanoM ko dIkSA de / maiMne sunA ki cAra sAla pahale rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa maTha meM striyoM ko dIkSA dI jAya - aisA taya kiyA gayA / strI aura puruSoM kA Azraya alaga rakhA jAya, yaha alaga bAta hai / lekina aba taka striyoM ko dIkSA hI nahIM milatI thI, vaha aba

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bhagavAn mahAvIra mila rahI hai| isa para se andAja lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ne 2500 sAla pahale use karane meM kitanA bar3A parAkrama kiyaa|' bhagavAn ne gRhasthoM ko dharma kA upadeza diyaa| use svIkAra karane vAle puruSa aura striyAM, upAsaka aura upAsikAeM yA zrAvaka aura zrAvikAeM kahalAe / bhagavAn ke Ananda Adi dasa pramukha zrAvaka the| ye bAraha vratI the / inakI jIvanacaryA kA varNana karane vAlA eka aMga-graMtha 'upAsakadazA' hai| jayantI Adi zrAvikAeM thIM, jinake praur3ha tattva-jJAna kI sUcanA bhagavatIsUtra se milatI hai| dharma-ArAdhanA ke lie bhagavAn kA tIrtha sacamuca tIrtha bana gyaa| bhagavAn ne tIrtha catuSTaya [sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA] kI sthApanA kI, isa-- lie ve tIrthaMkara khlaae| saMgha-vyavasthA sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI bhASA meM dharma kA maulika rUpa eka rahA hai| dharma kA sAdhya mukti hai| usakA sAdhana dvirUpa nahIM ho sktaa| usameM mAtrA-bheda ho sakatA hai, kintu svarUpa-bheda nahIM ho sktaa| dharma kI sAdhanA akele meM ho sakatI hai, para usakA vikAsa akele meM nahIM hotA / akele meM usakA prayojana hI nahIM hotA, vaha samudAya meM hotA hai| samudAya mAnyatA ke bala para banate haiN| asamAnatAoM ke uparAnta bhI koI eka samAnatA AtI hai aura loga eka bhAvanA meM jur3a jAte haiN| .. jaina manISiyoM kA cintana sAdhanA ke pakSa meM jitanA vaiyaktika hai, utanA hI sAdhanA-saMsthAna ke pakSa meM sAmudAyika hai| jaina tIrthakaroM ne dharma ko eka ora vaiyaktika kahA, dUsarI ora tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA-zramaNa-zramaNI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke saMgha kI sthApanA kii| dharma vaiyaktika tattva hai| kintu dharma kI ArAdhanA karane vAloM kA samudAya banatA hai, isalie vyavahAra meM vaha bhI sAmudAyika bana jAtA hai| bhagavAn ne zramaNa-saMgha kI bahuta hI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kI / anuzAsana kI dRSTi se bhagavAn kA saMgha sarvopari thaa| pAMca mahAvrata aura aNuvrata-ye mUlaguNa the| inake atirikta uttara guNoM kI vyavasthA kI / vinaya, anuzAsana aura Atma-vijaya para adhika bala

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34 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa diyaa| vyavasthA kI daSTi se zramaNa-saMgha ko gyAraha yA nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| pahale sAta gaNadhara sAta gaNoM ke aura AThaveM-nauveM tathA dasaveM-gyArahaveM kramazaH AThaveM aura nauveM gaNa ke pramukha the| ... gaNoM kI sAraNA-vAraNA aura zikSA-dIkSA ke lie sAta pada nizcita the aura unakA apanA-apanA uttaradAyitva thA - 1. AcArya-sUtra ke artha kI vAcanA denA aura gaNa kA saMcAlana krnaa| 2. upAdhyAya-sUtra kI vAcanA denA, zikSA kI vRddhi krnaa| 3. sthavira-zramaNoM ko saMyama meM sthira karanA, zrAmaNya se Dipate hue zramaNoM ko punaH sthira karanA, unakI kaThinAiyoM kA nivAraNa krnaa| 4. pravartaka-AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa dharma-pravRttiyoM tathA sevAkArya meM zramaNoM ko niyukta krnaa| 5. gaNI-zramaNoM ke choTe-choTe samUhoM kA netRtva krnaa| 6. gaNadhara-sAdhviyoM ke vihAra Adi kI vyavasthA karanA / 7. gaNAvacchedaka-dharma-zAsana kI prabhAvanA karanA, gaNa ke lie vihAra aura upakaraNa kI khoja tathA vyavasthA karane ke lie kucha sAdhuoM ke sAtha saMgha ke Age-Age calanA, gaNa kI sArI vyavasthA kI ciMtA krnaa| inakI yogyatA ke lie vizeSa mApadaMDa sthira kie gae the| inakA nirvAcana nahIM hotA thaa| ye AcArya dvArA niyukta kiye jAte the; kintu isameM sthaviroM kI sahamati hotI thii| muni ko dinacaryA - apara rAtri meM uThakara AtmAlocana va dharma-jAgarikA karanA -yaha caryA kA pahalA aMga hai / svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi ke pazcAt Avazyaka karma krnaa| Avazyaka - avazya karaNIya karma chaha haiM : 1.sAmAyika-samabhAva kA abhyAsa, usakI pratijJA kA punarAvartana / 2. caturvizatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti / 3. vandanA--AcArya ko dvAdazAvata-vandanA / 4. pratikramaNa-kRta doSoM kI AlocanA / 5. kAyotsarga-kAyA kA sthirIkaraNa /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra 6. pratyAkhyAna-tyAga krnaa| isa Avazyaka kArya se nivRtta hokara sUryodaya hote-hote muni bhaNDa-upakaraNoM kA pratilekhana kare, unheM dekhe / usake pazcAt hAtha jor3akara guru se pUche-maiM kyA karUM? Apa mujhe AjJA deM-maiM kisI kI sevA meM lagU yA svAdhyAya meM ? yaha pUchane para AcArya sevA meM lagAe to aglAna-bhAva se sevA kare aura yadi svAdhyAya meM lagAe to svAdhyAya kre| dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga haiM-svAdhyAya aura dhyaan| kahA hai : svAdhyAyAd dhyAnamadhyAstAM, dhyAnAta svAdhyAyamAmanet / dhyAna-svAdhyAya-saMpattyA paramAtmA prkaashte|" --- svAdhyAya ke pazcAt dhyAna kare aura dhyAna ke pazcAt svAdhyAya / isa prakAra dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke krama se paramAtmA prakAzita ho jAtA hai| Agamika kAla-vibhAga isa prakAra rahA hai-dina ke pahale pahara meM svAdhyAya kare, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM bhikSA-caryA aura cauthe meM phira svAdhyAya / __ rAta ke pahale pahara meM svAdhyAya kare, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nIMda le aura cauthe meM phira svAdhyAya kre| pUrva rAta meM bhI Avazyaka-karma kre| dina ke pahale pahara meM pratilekhana kare, vaise cauthe pahara meM bhI kare / yaha muni kI jAgarUkatApUrNa jIvana-caryA hai| zrAvaka dharma kI ArAdhanA meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyAM saMgha ke aMga haiM, vaise zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM bhI haiN| ye cAroM milakara hI caturvidha saMgha ko pUrNa banAte haiM / bhagavAn ne zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke mAtA-pitA tulya kahA hai| zrAvaka kI dhArmika-caryA yaha hai : 1. sAmAyika ke aMgoM kA anupAlana krnaa| 2. donoM pakSoM meM pauSadhopavAsa krnaa| Avazyaka karma jaise sAdhu-saMgha ke lie haiM, vaise hI zrAvaka-saMgha ke lie bhI haiN|

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36 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa zrAvaka ke guNa ___ aNuvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA zraddhA-saMpanna vyakti kahalAtA hai / usake mukhya guNa ye haiM 1. grahaNa kiye hue vratoM kA samyak pAlana krnaa| 2. jahAM bahuzruta sAdhArmika loga hoM, usa sthAna meM aanaajaanaa| 3. binA prayojana dUsaroM ke ghara na jaanaa| 4. camakIlA-bhar3akIlA vastra na phnnaa| sadA sAdagImaya jIvana bitaanaa| 5. juA Adi kuvyasanoM kA tyAga krnaa| 6. mIThI vANI se kAma claanaa| kaThora vacana nahIM khnaa| 7. tapa, niyama, vandanA Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM sadA tatpara rhnaa| 8. vinamra rhnaa| kabhI durAgraha nahIM krnaa| 6. jinavANI ke prati aTUTa zraddhAvAn rhnaa| 10. Rju vyavahAra krnaa| mana kI RjutA, vacana kI RjutA aura zarIra kI RjutA rkhnaa| 11. guru-vacana ko sunane ke lie tatpara rahanA / 12. pravacana yA zAstroM kI pravINatA prApta krnaa| ziSTAcAra ziSTAcAra ke prati jaina AcArya bar3I sUkSmatA se dhyAna dete haiM / ve AzAtanA ko sarvathA parihArya mAnate haiN| kisI ke prati anucita vyavahAra karanA hiMsA hai / AzAtanA hiMsA hai| abhimAna bhI hiMsA hai| namratA kA artha hai-kaSAya-vijaya / abhyutthAna, abhivAdana, priya nimaMtraNa, abhimukhagamana, Asana-pradAna, pahuMcAne ke lie jAnA, hAtha jor3anA Adi-Adi ziSTAcAra ke aMga haiN| inakA vizada varNana uttarAdhyayana ke pahale aura dazavaikAlika ke nauveM adhyayana meM hai| zrAvaka vyavahAra-dRSTi se dUsare zrAvakoM ko bhI namaskAra karate haiM / dharma-dRSTi se unake lie vandanIya muni hote haiM / yaha AdhyAtmika aura tyAga-pradhAna saMskRti kA eka saMkSiptasA rUpa hai| isakA sAmAjika jIvana para bhI pratibimba par3A hai /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa bhagavAn tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM zramaNa bane, sADhe bAraha varSa taka tapasvI jIvana bitAyA aura tIsa varSa taka dharmopadeza diyaa| bhagavAn ne kAzI, kauzala, paMcAla, kaliMga, kamboja, kuru-jAMgala, bAhnIka, gAMdhAra, sindhu-sauvIra Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| bhagavAn ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu aura chattIsa hajAra sAdhviyAM banIM / nandI sUtra ke anusAra bhagavAna ke caudaha hajAra sAdhu prakIrNakAra the / isase jAna par3atA hai, sarva sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA aura adhika thii| 1,56,000 zrAvaka aura 3,18,000 zrAvikAeM thiiN| yaha vratI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA pratIta hotI hai| jaina dharma kA anugamana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA isase adhika thI, aisA sambhava hai| bhagavAna ke upadeza kA samAja para vyApaka prabhAva huaa| unakA krAnti-svara samAja ke jAgaraNa kA nimitta banA / vi0 pU0 470 (I0 pU0 527) pAvApura meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ko bhagavAn kA nirvANa huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharma-sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dhArmika matavAdoM aura karmakANDoM se saMkUla thA / bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra usa samaya tiresaTha zramaNa sampradAya vidyamAna the| jaina sAhitya meM tIna sau tiraseTha dharmamatavAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yaha bhedopabheda kI vistRta carcA hai| saMkSepa meM sAre sampradAya cAra vargoM meM samAte the / bhagavAn ne unheM cAra samavasaraNa kahA hai / ve haiM : 1. kriyAvAda kriyAvAdI dArzanikoM kI dharmaniSThA AtmA, punarjanma aura karmavAda para TikI huI thii| ve sukRta aura duSkRta ko eka samAna nahIM mAnate the / sucIrNa karma kA phala acchA hotA hai aura duzcIrNa karma kA phala burA hotA hai - isa siddhAnta meM unakI AsthA thii| 2. akriyAvAda akriyAvAdI dArzanikoM kI naitika-niSThA vartamAna kI upayogitA para TikI huI thI / ve AtmA ko punarjanmAnuyAyI tattva nahIM mAnate the, isalie unameM dharmaniSThA nahIM thii| unakA siddhAnta thA"sUkRta aura duSkRta ke phala meM antara nahIM hai| sacIrNa karma kA phala

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38 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa acchA nahIM hotA; duzcIrNa karma kA burA phala nahIM hotaa| kalyANa aura pApa aphala haiM / punarjanma nahIM hai aura mokSa nahIM hai|' 3. vinayavAda vinayavAdI ahaM-visarjana aura samarpaNa ko sarvopari mUlya dete the / unakI dRSTi meM ahaM hI saba duHkhoM kA mUla thaa| 4. ajJAnavAda : ajJAnavAdI duHkhoM kA mUla jJAna ko mAnate the| ajJAnI manuSya jitanA sukhI hotA hai utanA jJAnI nahIM hotaa| ve apane jJAna kA upayoga jJAna ke nirasana meM karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cAroM vAdoM kI samIkSA kara kriyAvAda kA siddhAMta svIkAra kiyaa| unakA svIkAra ekAMgI dRSTi se nahIM thA isalie unake darzana ko sApekSa-kriyAvAda kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yajJa, jAtivAda Adi brAhmaNa siddhAntoM kA virodha karane ke lie mahAvIra ne jaina dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| kiMtu yaha gaharAI se Alocita nahIM hai| mahAvIra jisa zramaNa-paramparA meM dIkSita hue vaha bahuta prAcIna hai / usakA astitva vedoM kI racanA se pUrvavartI hai| vedoM meM sthAna-sthAna para virodhI vicAradhArA kA ullekha milatA hai| usakA sambaMdha zramaNa-paramparA se hI hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parivAra teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzva ke dharma kA anugAmI thaa| ina sAkSyoM se yaha pratidhvanita nahIM hotA ki mahAvIra ne brAhmaNa siddhAMto kA virodha karane ke lie jaina dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| ahiMsA aura mukti----ye zramaNa-saMskRti ke AdhAra-stambha haiN| mahAvIra ne svayaM dvArA vyAkhyAta ahiMsA kI prAcIna tIrthaMkaroM dvArA vyAkhyAta ahiMsA ke sAtha ekatA pratipAdita kI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharma ke pravartaka nahIM, kiMtu unnAyaka the| unhoMne prAcIna paramparAoM ko Age bar3hAyA, apane samasAmayika vicAroM kI parIkSA kI aura unake Aloka meM apane abhimata janatA ko samajhAe / unake vicAroM kA AlocanApUrvaka vivecana satrakatAMga meM milatA hai| vahIM paMcamahAbhUtavAda, ekAtma

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bhagavAna mahAvIra 36 vAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, akArakavAda, SaSThAtmavAda, niyativAda, saSTivAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, yadacchAvAda, prakRtivAda Adi aneka vicAroM kI carcA aura una para bhagavAna kA dRSTikoNa prApta koI dharma purAnA hone se acchA hotA hai aura nayA hone se acchA nahIM hotA, isa mAnyatA meM mujhe satya kI dhvani sunAI nahIM detI, phira bhI isa satya para AvaraNa nahIM DAlA jA sakatA kiH zramaNa-paramparA prAgvaidika hai aura bhAratIya jIvana meM AdikAla se pari-vyApta hai| zramaNoM kI.aneka dhArAeM rahI haiN| unameM sabase prAcIna dhArA bhagavAn RSabha kI aura sabase arvAcIna bhagavAn buddha kI hai| aura saba madhyavartI haiN| vaidika aura paurANika donoM sAhitya-vidhAoM meM bhagavAn RSabha zramaNa dharma ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM ullikhita hue haiM / bhagavAn RSabha kA dharma vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita hotA rahA hai| Adi meM usakA nAma zramaNa-dharma thaa| phira arhata dharma huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM use nirgrantha dharma kahA jAtA thaa| bauddha sAhitya meM bhagavAn kA ullekha 'niggaMTha nAtaputte' ke nAma se huaa| unake nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM vaha 'jaina dharma' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke astitva-kAla meM zramaNoM ke cAlIsa se adhika sampradAya the| unameM pAMca bahata prabhAvazAlI the : 1. nigraMtha-mahAvIra kA zAsana / 2. zAkya-buddha kA zAsana / 3. AjIvaka-makkhalI gozAlaka kA zAsana / 4. garika-tApasa zAsana / 5. parivrAjaka-sAMkhya zAsana / bauddha-sAhitya meM chaha zramaNa-sampradAyoM, unake AcAryoM tathA siddhAMtoM kA ullekha milatA hai :1. bhakriyAvAda isa saMgha kA AcArya pUraNakazyapa thaa| usakA kahanA thA ki "kisI ne kucha kiyA yA karavAyA, kATA yA kaTavAyA, takalIpha dI yA dilavAI, zoka kiyA yA karavAyA, kaSTa sahA yA diyA,

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6 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa DarA yA dUsare ko DarAyA, prANI kI hatyA kI, corI kI, Dakaito kI, ghara lUTa liyA, baTamArI kI, parastrIgamana kiyA, asatya vacana kahA, phira bhI usako pApa nahIM lgtaa| tIkSNa dhAra ke cakra se bhI agara koI isa saMsAra ke saba prANiyoM ko mArakara Dhera lagA de to bhI use pApa na lgegaa| gaMgA nadI ke uttara kinAre para jAkara bhI koI dAna de yA dilavAe, yajJa kare yA karavAe, to kucha puNya nahIM hone kA / dAna, dharma, saMyama, satya-bhASaNa-ina saboM se puNya-prApti nahIM hotI / " isa vAda ko akriyAvAda kahate the| 2. niyativAda isa saMgha kA AcArya maMkkhalI gozAlaka thaa| usakA kahanA thA-"prANI ke apavitra hone meM na kucha hetu hai, na kucha kAraNa / ve binA hetu ke aura binA kAraNa ke hI apavitra hote haiN| prANI kI zuddhi ke lie bhI koI hetu nahIM hai, kucha bhI kAraNa nahIM hai / binA hetu ke aura binA kAraNa ke hI prANI zuddha hote haiN| khuda apanI yA dUsare kI zakti se kucha nahIM hotA / bala, vIrya, puruSArtha yA parAkrama yaha saba kacha nahIM hai| saba prANI balahIna aura nirvIrya haiM-ve niyati [bhAgya] saMgati aura svabhAva ke dvArA pariNata hote haiM- aklamaMda aura mUrkha saboM ke duHkhoM kA nAza assI lAkha ke mahAkalpoM ke phera meM hokara jAne ke bAda hI hotA hai|" isa makkhalI gozAlaka ke mata ko saMsAra zuddhivAda kahate the / isI ko niyativAda bhI kaha sakate 3. ucchedavAda isa saMgha kA pramukha ajitakezakaMbalI thaa| usakA kahanA thA"dAna, yajJa tathA homa, yaha saba kucha nahIM hai, bhale-bure karmoM kA phala nahIM milatA / na ihaloka hai, na paraloka hai / cAra bhUtoM se milakara manuSya banA hai| jaba vaha maratA hai to usameM pRthvI dhAtu pRthvI meM, Apo dhAtu pAno meM, tejo dhAtu teja meM tathA vAyu dhAtu vAyu meM mila jAtA hai aura indriyAM saba AkAza meM mila jAtI haiN| mare hae manuSya ko cAra AdamI arthI para sulAkara usakA guNagAna karate hue le jAte haiN| vahAM usakI asthi sapheda ho jAtI hai aura Ahati jala jAto hai / dAna kA pAgalapana mUoM ne utpanna kiyA hai / jo AstikavAda kahate haiM, ve jhUTha bhASaNa karate haiM / vyartha kI bar3a-bar3a karate haiM /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra aklamaMda aura mUrkha donoM kA hI mRtyu ke bAda uccheda ho jAtA hai| mRtyu ke bAda kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rhtaa|" isa mata ko ucchedavAda kahate haiN| 4. anyonyavAda isa saMgha kA AcArya pakUdhakAtyAyana thaa| usakA kahanA thA - 'sAtoM padArtha na kisI ne kie, na kisI se karavAe / ve vaMdhya, kUTastha tathA khambe ke samAna acala haiN| ve hilate nahIM, badalate nahIM Apasa meM kaSTadAyaka nahIM hote aura eka-dUsare ko sukha-duHkha dene meM asamartha haiM / pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu, sukha, duHkha tathA jIva--ye hI sAta padArtha haiN| inameM mArane vAlA, mAra khAne vAlA, sunane vAlA, kahane vAlA, jAnane vAlA, janAne vAlA koI nahIM / jo teja zastroM se dUsare se dUsare ke sira kaTavAtA hai vaha khUna nahIM karatA, sirpha usakA zastra ina sAta padArthoM ke avakAza [rikta sthAna] meM ghusatA hai, itanA hii|" isa mata ko anyonyavAda kahate haiN| 5. cAturyAma saMvaravAda isa saMgha ke AcArya niggaMtha nAtaputra [tIrthaMkara mahAvIra] the| 6. vikSepavAda ___ isa saMgha kA AcArya saMjayavelaTTiputra thaa| vaha kahatA thA"paraloka hai yA nahIM, yaha maiM nahIM samajhatA / paraloka hai yaha bhI nahIM; paraloka nahIM hai, yaha bhI nhiiN| acche yA bure karmoM kA phala milatA hai, yaha bhI maiM nahIM mAnatA, nahIM milatA yaha bhI maiM nahIM maantaa| vaha rahatA bhI hai, nahIM bhI rahatA / tathAgata mRtyU ke bAda rahatA hai yA rahatA nahIM, yaha maiM nahIM samajhatA / vaha rahatA hai, yaha bhI nahIM; vaha nahIM rahatA, yaha bhI nhiiN| isa vAda ko vikSepavAda kahate the / mahAvAra kA dharma aura gaNatantra bhagavAn mahAvIra vaizAlI gaNatantra ke vAtAvaraNa meM pale-puse the| vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke pramukha mahArAja ceTaka bhagavAn ke mAmA the| bhagavAna ke pitA siddhArtha usa gaNarAjya ke eka sadasya the| bhagavAna ke prArambhika saMskAra ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA meM pratiphalita milate haiN| mahAvIra kA pahalA siddhAMta thaa-smaantaa|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa Atmika samAnatA kI anubhUti ke binA ahiMsA viphala ho jAtI hai / gaNarAjya kI viphalatA kA mUla hetu hai-vissmtaa| mahAvIra kA dUsarA siddhAMta thA-Atma-nirNaya kA adhikaar| hamAre bhAgya kA nirNaya kisI dUsarI sattA ke hAtha meM ho, vaha hamArI sArvabhauma sattA ke pratikUla hai-yaha unhoMne btaayaa| unhoMne kahA-"duHkha aura sukha donoM tumhArI hI sRSTi hai| tumhIM apane mitra ho aura tumhIM apane zatru / yaha nirNaya tumhIM ko karanA hai, tuma kyA honA cAhate ho ? janataMtra ke lie yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta hai / jahAM vyakti ko Atma-nirNaya kA adhikAra nahIM hotA, vahAM usakA kartRtva kuMThita ho jAtA hai| nava-nirmANa ke lie puruSArtha aura puruSArtha ke lie Atma-nirNaya kA adhikAra Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra kA tIsarA siddhAMta thA-AtmAnuzAsana / unhoMne kahA-dUsaroM para hukUmata mata kro| hukUmata karo apane zarIra para, apanI vANI para aura mana para / AtmA para zAsana karo, saMyama ke dvArA, tapasyA ke dvArA / yaha acchA nahIM hogA ki koI vyakti vadha aura baMdhana ke dvArA tumhAre para zAsana kare / ___janataMtra kI saphalatA AtmAnuzAsana para nirbhara hai| bAharI niyaMtraNa jitanA adhika hotA hai, utanA hI janataMtra nisteja hotA hai / usakI tejasvitA isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki dezavAsI loga adhika se adhika AtmAnuzAsita hoN| __ mahAvIra kA cauthA siddhAnta thA saapeksstaa| usakA artha hai-sabako samAna avasara / bilaunA karate samaya eka hAtha pIche jAtA hai aura dUsarA Age AtA hai, phira Age vAlA pIche aura pIche vAlA Age jAtA hai| isa krama se navanIta nikalatA hai, sneha milatA hai| ___ calate samaya eka paira Age bar3hatA hai, dUsarA pIche / phira Age vAlA pIche aura pIche vAlA Age A jAtA hai| isa krama se gati hotI hai, AdamI Age bar3hatA hai| yaha sApekSatA hI syAdvAda kA rahasya hai| isI ke dvArA satya kA jJAna aura usakA nirUpaNa hotA hai| yaha siddhAMta janataMtra kI

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bhagavAna mahAvIra rIr3ha hai / kucheka vyakti sattA, adhikAra aura pada se cipakakara baiTha jAeM, dUsaroM ko avasara na deM to asaMtoSa kI jvAlA bhabhaka uThatI hai| yaha sApekSa-nIti guTabaMdI ko kama karane meM kAphI kAma kara sakatI hai / nItiyAM bhinna hone para bhI yadi sApekSatA ho to avAMcha nIya alagAva nahIM hotaa| mahAvIra ne jo kiyA, vaha mukti ke lie kiyaa| unhoMne jo kahA, vaha mukti ke lie kahA / janataMtra bhI vyAvahArika mukti kA prayoga hai| isalie mahAvIra kI karanI aura kathanI donoM meM pathadarzana kI kSamatA hai| manuSya kI IzvarIya sattA kA saMgAna bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma usa yuga meM huA jisameM manuSya bhAgya ke jhUle meM jhUla rahA thaa| bhAgya IzvarIya sattA kA pratinidhi tattva hai| jaba manuSya Izvaroya sattA kA yaMtra banakara jItA hai taba usake jIvana-ratha kA sArathi bhAgya hI hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAgyavAdI nahIM the, isakA sahaja phalita yaha hai ki ve cAla artha meM IzvaravAdI nahIM the| ve gaNataMtra ke saMskAroM meM pale-pUse the| ve kisI bhI mahAsattA ko apanI sampUrNa svataMtratA sauMpa dene ke pakSa meM nahIM the| unakI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA meM adhinAyakavAdI manovRtti ke lie koI avakAza nahIM thaa| bhagavAn ne kahA-'dUsaroM para zAsana karanA hiMsA hai, isalie kisI kI svataMtratA kA apaharaNa mata kro|' isa duniyA meM svataMtratA kA apaharaNa hotA hai para vaha IzvarIya tattva nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra AtmavAdI the / ve Izvara ke astitva kA pratipAdana karate the, kiMtu usakI manuSya se bhinna sattA svIkAra nahIM karate the| manuSya Izvara kI saSTi hai, Izvara usakA sarjaka hai, yaha kRti aura kartA kA siddhAMta unheM svIkArya nahIM thaa| unakI sthApanA meM AtmA kI tIna kakSAeM haiM : 1. bahir-AtmA yaha pahalI kakSA hai / isameM deha hI saba kucha hotA hai| usameM virAjamAna cinmaya AtmA kA astitva jJAta nahIM hotaa|

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44 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 2. antar-AtmA yaha dUsarI kakSA hai / isa kakSA meM satya udghATita ho jAtA hai ki jaise dUdha meM navanIta vyApta hotA hai, vaise hI deha meM cinmaya sattA vyApta hai| 3. parama-AtmA yaha tIsarI kakSA hai| isameM cinmaya sattA para AI huI deharUpI bhasma dUra hone laga jAtI hai / AtmA paramAtmA ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA mAnavIya puruSArtha kI prakriyA se viyukta nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana meM paramAtmA kA asvIkAra nahIM hai, usakI vizva-sRjanasattA kA asvIkAra hai| ___bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra jagat anAdi-anaMta hai / usake kartRtva kA bhAra vahana karane ke lie kisI sn| ko janma dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se skaMdaka saMnyAsI ne pUchA--"bhaMte ! yaha jagata zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ?" bhagavAna ne kahA-AyuSman ! astitva kI dRSTi se jagat zAzvata hai aura rUpAMtaraNa kI dRSTi se vaha azAzvata hai / vaha azAzvata hai isa dRSTi se usameM jagat-kartRtva kA aMza bhI sannihita hai / mahAvIra ke anusAra vaha jIvoM aura paramANu oM ke svAbhAvika saMyoga kI prakriyA se sampAdita hotA hai| isI sampAdana ko lakSya meM rakhakara mahAna AcArya haribhadrasUri ne mahAvIra ke darzana kI IzvaravAdI darzanoM se tulanA kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ... 'pAramaizvarya yuktatvAta, Atmaiva mata iishvrH| sa ca karteti nirdoSa, kartRvAdo vyvsthitH|| --'AtmA parama aizvarya-sampanna hai / ataH vaha Izvara hai / vaha kartA hai / isa dRSTi se mahAvIra kA darzana kartRvAdI hai|' mahAvIra ne kartRtva kA nirasana nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne usa kartR-sattA kA nirasana kiyA, jise samagra jagat kI nirmANa-vedikA para pratiSThita kiyA jA rahA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne IzvaropAsanA ke sthAna meM zramaNopAsanA kA pravartana kiyA / Izvara parokSa zakti hai aura vaha agamya hai / usake

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bhagavAn mahAvIra 45. prati jitanA AkarSaNa ho sakatA hai, utanA jIvita manuSya aura gamya vyaktitva ke prati nahIM ho sktaa| bhagavAn ne manuSya ko Izvara ke sthAna para pratiSThita kiyA aura yaha udghoSa kiyA ki Izvara koI kalpanAtIta sattA nahIM hai / vaha manuSya kA hI carama vikAsa hai / jo manuSya vikAsa kI ucca kakSA taka pahuMca jAtA hai, vaha paramAtmA yA Izvara hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parama AtmA kI pAMca kakSAeM nirdhArita kI : 1. arhat-dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka / 2. siddha- mukta aatmaa| 3. AcArya-dharma-tIrtha ke saMcAlaka / 4. upAdhyAya--dharma-jJAna ke saMvAhaka / 5. sAdhu-dharma ke sAdhaka / inameM cAra kakSAoM ke adhikArI manuSya haiM aura eka kakSA ke adhikArI mukta AtmAeM haiN| inameM pahalA sthAna manuSya kA hai, dUsarA sthAna mukta AtmA kA hai / mukta AtmA manuSya-mukti kA hetu nahIM hai / usakI mukti ke hetu arhat haiM / isalie namaskAra mahAmaMtra meM prathama sthAna unako milaa| jaina dharma-darzana vyakti-pUjA ko mAnyatA nahIM detaa| vaha guNa kA pujArI hai / vaha pratyeka vyakti kI arhatAoM-yogyatAoM ko mAnya kara usakI pUjA karatA hai| isakA pratyakSa sAkSya hai-namaskAra mahAmaMtra aura catuHzaraNa suutr| namaskAra mahAmaMtra maMtra-zRMkhalA kA viziSTa maMtra hI nahIM, mahAmaMtra hai aura yaha samasta jaina paramparA dvArA eka rUpa se mAnya hai / isameM pAMca pada aura akSara paiMtIsa haiN| __Namo arahatANaM-maiM arhat [dharma tIrtha ke pravartaka] ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo siddhANaM- maiM siddha [muktAtmA] ko namaskAra karatA 2004. Namo AyariyANaM-maiM AcArya [dharma tIrtha ke saMcAlaka] ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo uvajzAyANaM-maiM upAdhyAya [zruta jJAna ke saMvAhaka]

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ko namaskAra karatA huuN| Namo loe savvasAhaNaM-maiM loka ke samasta sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| catuHzaraNa sUtra arahaMte saraNaM pavajjAmi-- maiM arhat kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| siddha saraNaM pavajjAmi-maiM siddha kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi-maiM sAdhu kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| kelipannattaM dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi-maiM kevalI-prajJapta dharma kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| namaskAra mahAmaMtra aura catuHzaraNa sUtra meM kisI bhI vyakti vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNoM kI upAsanA ke sAtha koI karma. kANDa nahIM jodd'aa| unakI bhASA meM upAsanA kA artha hai - pAsa baiThanA / mahAvIra ke anuyAyI zramaNoM ke pAsa jAte aura unase dharma kA jJAna prApta karate / bhagavAn ne zramaNopAsanA ko bahuta mahattva diyaa| unhoMne kahA-'zramaNa ko upAsanA karane vAlA sunatA hai; jAnatA hai, heya aura upAdeya kA viveka karatA hai; naye graMthipAta se bacatA hai| purAnI graMthiyoM kA mokSa karatA hai aura mukta ho jAtA bhagavAn mahAvIra mAnavIya samasyA kA mUla aura usakA samAdhAna manuSya meM hI khojate the| mahAvIra kA yuga devavAda kA yuga thaa| kucha dArzanika devoM ko bahuta mahattva dete the| para mahAvIra ne mAnavIya cetanA ko divya cetanA se kabhI abhibhUta nahIM hone diyaa| unakA dhruva siddhAMta thA ki manuSya saMyama kara sakatA hai, deva nahIM kara sktaa| indra ne apane vaibhava kA pradarzana kara dazArNabhadra rAjA ko parAjita karanA cAhA, taba bhagavAn ne kahA-'dazArNabhadra ! tuma manuSya ho| apanI zakti ko jAnane vAlA manuSya devagaNa se parAjita nahIM hotaa|' dazArNabhadra rAjya ko tyAgakara muni bana ge| indra tyAga ke sAtha spardhA nahIM kara sakA / usakA sira rAjarSi ke sAmane jhuka gyaa|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra jaba dIkSita hue taba unakI zivikA ko uThAne meM sabase Age manuSya the / yaha agragAmitA kA adhikAra manuSyoM ko isalie prApta thA ki mahAvIra manuSya the| mahAvIra ne apanA sArA jIvana isa vyAkhyA meM bitAyA ki IzvarIya sRSTi kA sarjaka manuSya hai, para mAnavIya sRSTi kA sarjaka Izvara nahIM hai| dhama kI vyApaka dhAraNA mahAvIra kI dharma kI dhAraNA bahuta vyApaka thii| usakA kAraNa unakI AsthA kA ahiMsaka paramparA meM vikasita honA hai| vaidika paramparA meM dharma kI svIkRti eka viziSTa varga ke lie thii| unake sAmane mahAvIra ne zramaNa-paramparA ke zAzvata svara ko bahuta prabhAvI paddhati se uccArita kiyaa| bhagavAn ne saba manuSyoM ko ahiMsA ke AcaraNa kI preraNA dii| unhoMne kahA 1. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM strI-puruSa kA bheda nahIM ho sktaa| phalasvarUpa zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA-ye cAra tIrtha sthApita hue| 2. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM jAti-pAMti kA bheda nahIM ho sktaa| phalasvarUpa sabhI jAtiyoM ke loga unake saMgha meM praznajita hue| 3. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM kSetra kA bheda nahIM ho sktaa| vaha gAMva meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai aura araNya meM bhI kI jA sakatI hai| phalasvarUpa unake sAdhu araNyavAsI kama saMkhyA meM the| 4. dharma kI ArAdhanA meM veza kA bheda nahIM ho sktaa| usakA adhikAra zramaNa ko bhI hai, gRhastha ko bhI hai / 5. bhagavAn ne apane zramaNoM se kahA-dharma kA upadeza jaise puNyavAn ko do, vaise hI tuccha ko do / jaise tuccha ko do, vaise hI puNyavAn ko do| isa vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA mUla asAmpradAyikatA aura jAtIyatA kA abhAva hai| mahAvIra tIrtha ke pravartaka the| tIrtha eka sampradAya hai| kintu unhoMne dharma ko sampradAya ke sAtha bAMdhA nhiiN| unakI dRSTi meM jaina sampradAya kI apekSA jainatva pradhAna thA / jainatva kA artha hai-samyak

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyak-cAritra kI aaraadhnaa| inakI ArAdhanA karane vAlA anya sampradAya ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, gRhastha ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| zAstrIya zabdoM meM unheM kramazaH ayaliMgasiddha aura gRhaliMgasiddha kahA jAtA hai| sahaja hI prazna hotA hai-jaina-saMskRti kA svarUpa itanA vyApaka aura udAra thA, taba vaha loka-saMgraha karane meM adhika saphala kyoM nahIM huI ? isake uttara meM pAMca kAraNa prastuta hote haiM :1. jaina darzana kI sUkSma siddhAMtavAditA / 2. tapomArga kI ktthortaa| 3. ahiMsA kI suukssmtaa| 4. sAmAjika bandhana kA abhAva / 5. jaina sAdhu-saMgha kA pracAra ke prati udAsIna manobhAva / ye sAre tattva loka-saMgrAhAtmaka pakSa ko azakta karate rahe haiN| tapa aura dhyAna kA samanvaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga dharma ke prayogoM kA yuga thaa| usa samaya hajAroM vaidika saMnyAsI dharma ke vividha prayogoM meM saMlagna the| kucha zramaNa aura saMnyAsI kaThora tapazcaryA kara rahe the| kucha zramaNa aura saMnyAsI dhyAna kI utkRSTa ArAdhanA meM lIna the / AtmAnubhUti ke vibhinna mArgoM kI khoja cala rahI thii| bhagavAn buddha chaha varSa taka kaThora tapazcaryA karate rahe / usase zAnti nahIM milI, taba unhoMne dhyAna-mArga apnaayaa| usase unheM bodhi-lAbha huaa| unhoMne madhyama pratipadA kA pratipAdana kiyA, yaha svAbhAvika hI thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi hara kSetra meM samanvaya ko thii| unhoMne sApekSatA kA jIvana ke hara kSetra meM prayoga kiyA thaa| unhoMne apanI sAdhanA meM tapazcaryA kA pUrNa bahiSkAra bhI nahIM kiyA aura dhyAna ko AtmAnubhUti kA ekamAtra sAdhana bhI nahIM maanaa| unhoMne tapazcaryA aura dhyAna donoM ko mAnyatA dii| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanApaddhati bahuta kaThora hai / yaha sarvathA nirAdhAra nahIM hai| unakI sAdhanA

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46 bhagavAn mahAvIra paddhati meM kaThora-caryA ke aMza avazya haiM; kintu ve anivArya nahIM haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dekhA ki sabakI zakti aura ruci samAna nahIM hotii| kucha logoM meM tapasyA kI ruci aura kSamatA hotI hai, kintu dhyAna kI ruci aura kSamatA nahIM hotii| kucha logoM meM dhyAna kI ruci aura kSamatA hotI hai, kintu tapasyA kI ruci aura kSamatA nahIM hoto / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA-paddhati meM donoM koTi kI ruci aura kSamatA kA samAveza kiyaa| dhyAna kI kekSA tapasyA kI kakSA se UMcI hai| phira bhI tapasyA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sarvathA mUlyahIna nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA vaha mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dIrgha tapasvI kahalAte the| anagAra tapa meM zUra hote haiM--'tavasUrA aNagArA'-yaha jaina paramparA kA prasiddha vAkya hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala upavAsa ko hI tapa nahIM mAnA / unakI tapa kI paribhASA meM dhyAna bhI sammilita hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnamaya tapa kA prabala virodha kiyA aura jJAnamaya tapa kA samarthana / ahiMsA-pAlana meM bAdhA na Ae, utanA tapa saba sAdhakoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| vizeSa tapa unhIM ke lie hai, jinakA daihika bala yA virAga tova ho| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dainika jIvana kI aneka kakSAeM pratipAdita kI / gRhavAsI ke lie cAra kakSAeM haiM : 1. sulabha bodhi-yaha prathama kakSA hai| isameM na dharma kA jJAna hotA hai aura na abhyAsa hI / kevala usake prati ajJAta anurAga hotA hai| sulabha-bodhi vyakti nikaTa bhaviSya meM dharmAcaraNa kI yogyatA pA sakatA hai| 2. samyag-dRSTi -yaha dUsarI kakSA hai| isameM dharma kA abhyAsa nahIM hotA, kintu usakA jJAna hotA hai| 3. aNuvratI-yaha tIsarI kakSA hai / isameM dharma kA jJAna aura abhyAsa donoM hote haiN| 4. pratimAdhAra-yaha cauthI kakSA hai / isameM dharma kA vizeSa abhyAsa hotA hai| muni ke lie nimna do kakSAeM haiM : 1. saMghavAsI muni - yaha pahalI kakSA hai / inameM ahiMsAcaraNa kI pradhAnatA hai, tapasyA kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 2. ekala vihArImuni - yaha dUsarI kakSA hai| isameM ahiMsAcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha tapasyA bhI pradhAna hotI hai / ina kakSAoM meM muni ke lie dUsarI [ ekala vihArI ] kakSA aura gRhavAsI ke lie cauthI [ pratimAghara ] kakSA meM kucha kaThora sAdhanA kA abhyAsa hotA hai / zeSa kakSAoM kI sAdhanA kA mArga Rju hai / 50 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM mRdu, madhya aura adhika - tInoM mAtrAoM kA samanvaya hai / manuSya bhI maMda, madhya aura prAjJa - tIna koTI ke hote haiM / ina tInoM koTiyoM ko eka koTi meM rakhakara dharma kI vyAkhyA karane kI apekSA vibhinna koTi ke logoM ke lie 'vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se dharma kI vyAkhyA karanA adhika manovaijJAnika hai| asAmpradAyika dharma kA mantradAna 1 eka vyakti ne AcAryazrI tulasI se pUchA- kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina the ? AcAryazrI ne kahA- nahIM, ve jaina nahIM the / ve jina the, unako mAnane vAle jaina hote haiM / ve jaina na hokara bhI, dUsare zabdoM meM ajaina hokara bhI, mahAn dhArmika the / isakA phalita spaSTa hai ki koI vyakti jaina hokara hI dhArmika ho sakatA hai aisA anubaMdha nahIM hai| jaina, vaiSNava, zaiva, bauddha--- ye saba nAma dharma kI paramparA ke sUcaka haiM | inakI dharma ke sAtha vyApti nahIM hai / isI satya kI svIkRti kA nAma asAmpradAyika dRSTi hai / sAmpradAyikatA eka unmAda hai / usake AkramaNa kA jJAna tIna -lakSaNoM se hotA hai - 1 sampradAya aura mukti kA anubaMdha - mere -sampradAya meM Ao, tumhArI mukti hogI anyathA nahIM hogI / 2. prazaMsA aura nindA - apane sampradAya kI prazaMsA aura dUsare sampradAyoM kI niMdA / 3. aikAntika Agraha - dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko - samajhane kA prayatna na karanA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ahiMsA kI gaharAI meM pahuMca cuke the / isalie una para sAmpradAyika unmAda AkramaNa nahIM kara sakA / ise ulaTakara bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra para sAmpradAyika unmAda kA AkramaNa nahIM huA, isalie ve ahiMsA kI gaharAI meM jA sake / Atmaupamya kI dRSTi ko vikasita kie binA jo dharma ke maMca

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bhagavAn mahAvIra para AtA hai, usake sAmane dharma gauNa aura sampradAya mukhya hotA hai| Atmaupamya kI dRSTi ko vikasita kara dharma ke maMca para Ane vAle vyakti ke sAmane dharma mukhya aura sampradAya gauNa hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sampradAya ko mAnyatA dI, para mukhyatA nahIM dI / jo loga sampradAya ko mukhyatA de rahe the, unake dRSTikoNa ko mahAvIra ne sArahIna btaayaa| jo dharma-netA apane upasthAna meM Ane vAle ke lie hI mukti kA dvAra kholate haiM aura dUsaroM ke lie use banda rakhate haiM, ve mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM ahiMsaka nahIM haiM / ve apanI hI kalpanA ke tAne-bAne meM ulajhe hue haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa kA anubaMdha kisI sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM mAnA, kintu dharma ke sAtha mAnA / bhagavAn 'azrutvA kevalI' ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara asAmpradAyika dRSTi ko carama bindu taka le ge| 'azrutvA kevalI' usa vyakti kA nAma hai jisane kabhI dharma nahIM sunA, kintu apanI naisargika nirmalatA ke kAraNa kevalI kI kakSA taka pahuMca gyaa| 'azratvA kevalI' ke sAtha kisI bhI sampradAya, paramparA yA dharmArAdhanA kI paddhati kA sambandha nahIM hotaa| usa sampradAya-mukta vyakti ko mokSa kA adhikArI mAnakara mahAvIra ne dharma kI asAmpradAyika sattA ko mAnyatA de dii| mahAvIra ne eka siddhAMta kI sthApanA aura kii| usake anusAra kisI bhI sampradAya meM pravajita vyakti mukta ho sakatA hai| isa sthApanA meM sampradAya ke bIca vyavadhAna DAlane vAlI khAiyoM ko pATane kA prayatna hai| koI bhI sampradAya kisI vyakti ko mukti kA AzvAsana de sakatA hai, yadi vaha vyakti dharma se anuprANita ho / koI bhI sampradAya kisI vyakti ko mukti kA AzvAsana nahIM de sakatA, yadi vaha vyakti dharma se anuprANita na ho| mokSa ko sampradAya kI sImA se mukta kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma kI asAmpradAyika sattA ke siddhAnta para doharI mohara lagA dii| bhagavAn mahAvIra munitva ke mahAn pravartaka the / ve mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie muni-jIvana bitAne ko bahuta Avazyaka mAnate the| phira bhI unakI pratibaddhatA kA antima sparza sacAI ke sAtha thA, kisI niyama ke sAtha nhiiN| bhagavAn ne 'gRhaliMga-siddha' kI svIkRti

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa de kyA mokSa-siddhi ke lie muni-jIvana kI ekachatratA ko cunauti nahIM dI ? gharavAsI gRhastha bhI kisI kSaNa mukta ho sakatA hai, isakA artha hai ki dharma kI ArAdhanA amUka prakAra ke veza yA amuka paramparA kI jIvana-praNAlI ko svIkAra kie binA bhI ho sakatI hai / jIvanavyApI satya jIvana ko kabhI aura kahIM bhI Alokita kara sakatA hai / isa satya ko anAvRta kara bhagavAn ne dharma ko AkAza kI bhAMti vyApaka banA diyaa| 'pratyeka-buddha-siddha' kA siddhAMta bhI sAmpradAyika dRSTi ke prati mukta vidroha hai| 'pratyeka-buddha' kisI sampradAya se prabhAvita tathA kisI dharma-paramparA se pratibaddha hokara pravajita nahIM hote / ve apane jJAna se hI prabuddha hote haiM / bhagavAn ne unako utanI hI mAnyatA dI, jitanI apanI paramparA meM pravajita hone vAloM ko prApta thii| azrUtvA kevalI, anyaliMga-siddha, gRhaliMga-siddha aura pratyeka buddha-siddha-mahAvIra kI ye cAra sthApanAeM 'mere upasthAna meM Ao, tumhArI mukti hogI, anyathA nahIM hogI, isa mithyA AzvAsana ke sammukha khulI cunauti ke rUpa meM prastuta hai| __ jo loga apane dharma kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI niMdA karate the, unake sAmane mahAvIra ne kaTu-satya prastuta kiyaa| bhagavAn ne kahA'jo aisA karate haiM, ve dharma ke nAma para apane baMdhana kI zrRMkhalA ko aura adhika sudRr3ha banA rahe haiN|' bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA gayA-'bhaMte ! zAzvata dharma kauna-sA bhagavAn ne kahA-'kisI bhI prANI ko mata mAro, upadruta mata karo, paritapta mata karo, svatantratA kA apaharaNa mata karo-yaha zAzvata dharma hai|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kabhI nahIM kahA ki jaina dharma zAzvata hai| tattva zAzvata ho sakatA hai, kintu nAma aura rUpa kabhI zAzvata nahIM hote| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dharma ke prabhutva kA yuga thaa| usa samaya pacAsoM dharmasampradAya the / unameM kucha to bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI the / kucha zAzvatavAdI the aura kucha ashaashvtvaadii| zAzvatavAdI azAzvatavAdI sampradAya para prahAra karate the aura azAzvatavAdI

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bhagavAn mahAvIra zAzvatavAdI dhArA para / isa paddhati ko mahAvIra ne sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kI saMjJA dI / mahAvIra kI anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAdI nirUpaNa - zailI kA mukhya prayojana hai - satya ke prati anyAya karane kI manovRtti kA visarjana / syAdvAda eka anurodha hai, una sabase jo satya ko ekAMgI dRSTi se dekhate haiM aura Agraha kI bhASA meM usakI vyAkhyA karate haiM / mahAvIra ne syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se zAzvatavAdI tattvavettAoM se anurodha kiyA ki ve azAzvatavAdI dhArA ko bhI samajhane kA prayatna kareM aura azAzvatavAdI tattvavettAoM se anurodha kiyA ki ve zAzvatavAda kI svIkRti kA dvAra sadA ke lie banda na kareM / ekAMgitA satya ko mAnya nahIM hai, taba phira kisI sampradAya ko kyoM mAnya honI cAhie ? sampradAya eka sImA hai / usa sImA kI eka sImita upayogitA hai / manuSya upayogitA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara ghara banAtA hai - ananta ko eka sImA meM bAMdhakara usameM rakhatA hai / kintu jaba vaha ghara meM ananta AkAza kA AropaNa kara letA hai taba usakI upayogitA asatya meM badala jAtI hai / dhArmika jaba sampradAya ko hI - aMtima satya mAna letA hai taba usakI upayogitA Agraha meM badala jAtI hai / vaha nirapekSa Agraha hI sAmpradAyikatA hai| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA isI IMdhana se prajvalita huI thI / naitika mUlyoM ko pratiSThA 53 bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga kriyAkAMDoM kA yuga thA / mahAbhArata kI dhvaMsa - lIlA kA janamAnasa para abhI asara miTA nahIM thA / janatA trANa kI khoja meM bhaTaka rahI thI / aneka dArzanika use paramAtmA kI zaraNa meM le jA rahe the / samarpaNa kA siddhAMta bala pakar3a rahA thA / 'zramaNa-paramparA isakA virodha kara rahI thI / bhagavAn pArzva ke nirmANa ke bAda koI zaktizAlI netA nahIM rahA, isalie usakA svara janatA kA dhyAna AkRSTa nahIM kara pA rahA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura bhagavAn buddha ne usa svara ko phira zaktizAlI banAyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - 'puruSa ! terA trANa tU hI hai / bAhara kahAM trANa DhUMDha rahA hai ?' isa AtmakartRtva kI vANI ne bhAratIya janamAnasa meM phira eka bAra puruSArtha kI lau prajvalita kara dI / zramaNaparamparA ne Izvara-kartRtva ko mAnyatA nahIM dI / isalie usameM

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa upAsanA yA bhaktimArga kA vikAsa nahIM huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dhArmika nirUpaNa meM AdhyAtmika aura naitika siddhAMta haiN| usameM upAsanA aura bhakti ke siddhAMta nahIM haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vyAkhyA meM vrata dhArmika nahIM jIvana kI AdhArazilA [mUla guNa] hai / dharma kA bhavya prAsAda usI ke AdhAra para khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne muni-dharma ke lie pAMca mahAvratoM tathA gRhavAsI ke lie pAMca aNuvratoM kI vyavasthA dii| pAMca mahAvrata-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha / pAMca aNuvrata -ekadezIya ahiMsA, ekadezIya satya, ekadezIya acaurya, svadAra-saMtoSa, icchA-parimANa / ___ vratoM ke vistAra meM bhagavAn ne usa samaya ke anaitika AcaraNoM kI ora aMgulI-nirdeza kiyA aura unheM chor3ane kI preraNA dii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke astitvakAla meM unakA dharma bahuta vyApaka nahIM bnaa| unake zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM meM hI somita thii| bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke bAda uttaravartI AcAryoM ne upAsanA aura bhaktimArga ko bhI sthAna diyA / usa avadhi meM jaina dharma meM pratIkoM kI pUjA-upAsanA pracalita huI / maMtra-japa kA mahattva bddh'aa| mahAvIra kI Atma-kendrita sAdhanA vistAra-keMdrita ho gii| usa yuga meM jana sAdhAraNa jaina dharma kI ora AkRSTa huA aura vaha bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhAga meM eka prabhAvI dharma ke rUpa meM sAmane A gyaa| tattva-carcA kA pravAha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapaH pUta vANI ne zramaNoM ko AkRSTa kiyaa| bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sammilita ho gaye / anyatIrthika saMnyAsI bhI bhagavAn kI pariSad me Ane lge| ambar3a, skandaka, pudgala, aura ziva Adi parivrAjaka bhagavAn ke pAsa Ae, prazna kie aura samAdhAna pA bhagavAn ke ziSya bana ge| kAlodAyI Adi anyayUthikoM ke prasaMga bhagavAn ke tattvajJAna kI vyApaka carcA para prakAza DAlate haiM / bhagavAn kA tattva-jJAna bahuta sUkSma thaa| vaha yUga bhI dharma-jijJAsuoM se bharA haA thaa| somila brAhmaNa, taMgiyA nagarI ke zramaNopAsaka, jayantI zrAvikA, mAkandI,

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bhagavAna mahAvIra roha, piMgala Adi zramaNoM ke prazna tattva-jJAna kI bahatI dhArA ke svaccha pratIka haiN| bimbasAra zreNika bhagavAn jIvita dharma the| unakA saMyama anuttara thA / vaha unake ziSyoM ko bhI saMyamamUrti banAe hue thaa| mahAnirgrantha anAthI ke anuttara saMyama ko dekhakara magadha-samrAT bimbasAra-zreNika bhagavAn kA upAsaka bana gyaa| vaha jIvana ke pUrva-kAla meM buddha kA upAsaka thaa| usakI paTTarAnI celaNA mahAvIra kI upAsikA thii| usane samrAT ko jaina banAne ke aneka prayatna kie| samrATa ne use bauddha banAne ke prayatna kie / para koI bhI kisI ora nahIM jhukA / samrATa ne mahAnigraMtha anAthI ko dhyAnalIna dekhaa| unake nikaTa ge| vArtAlApa huaa| anta meM jaina bana ge| ___isake pazcAt zreNika kA jaina pravacana ke sAtha ghaniSTha samparka rahA / samrAT ke pUtra aura mahAmaMtrI abhayakumAra jaina the| jaina paramparA meM Aja bhI abhayakumAra kI buddhi kA varadAna mAMgA jAtA hai / jaina sAhitya meM abhayakumAra saMbaMdhI aneka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| zreNika kI teIsa rAniyAM bhagavAn ke pAsa pravajita huii| unake aneka putra bhagavAn ke ziSya bne| samrAT zreNika ke aneka prasaMga AgamoM meM ullikhita haiN| ceTaka vaizAlI aThAraha dezoM kA gaNarAjya thaa| isake nau mallavI aura nau licchavI- ye aThAraha sadasya-nRpa the / unameM pramukha mahArAjA ceTaka the / ye hehaya kula ke the / inake pitA kA nAma 'keka' aura mAtA kA nAma 'yazomatI' thA / trizalA inakI bahina thii| inakA pUrA parivAra bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA kA anuyAyI thaa| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAmA the / jaina-zrAvakoM meM unakA pramukha sthAna thA / ve bAraha vratI zrAvaka the| unake sAta kanyAeM thiiN| ceTaka ke sabhI jAmAtA prArambha se hI jaina the / zreNika pIche jaina bana gyaa| ___ apane dauhitra koNika ke sAtha ceTaka kA bhISaNa saMgrAma huaa| saMgrAma-bhUmi meM bhI ve apane vratoM kA pAlana karate the| anAkramaNakArI para prahAra nahIM karate the| eka dina meM eka bAra se adhika zastra

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5.6 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa prayoga nahIM karate the / inake gaNarAjya meM jaina-dharma kA samucita prasAra huA / pravrajita rAjA 1 bhagavAn ke pAsa ATha rAjA dIkSita hue the - (1) vIrAMgaka, (2) vIrayazA, (3) saMjaya, (4) eNeyaka, (5) seya, (6) ziva, (7) udrAyaNa, (8) zaMkha - kAzIvardhana / inameM vIrAMgaka, vIrayazA aura saMjaya - ye prasiddha haiN| TIkAkAra abhaya devasUri ne isake atirikta koI vivaraNa prastuta nahIM kiyA hai / eNeyaka zvetavikA nareza pradezI kA saMbaMdhI koI rAjA thA / seya amalakatthA nagarI kA adhipati thA / ziva hastinApura kA rAjA thA / usane mocA- maiM vaibhava se sampanna hUM, yaha mere pUrvakRta zubha karmoM kA phala hai / mujhe vartamAna meM bhI zubha karma karane cAhie / yaha soca, rAjya putra ko sauNpaa| svayaM dizAprokSita tApasa bana gayA / do-do upavAsa kI tapasyA karatA aura pAraNA meM per3a se gire hue pattoM ko khA letA, isa prakAra kI caryA karate hue use vibhaMga jJAna utpanna huA / usase usane sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudroM ko dekhA / yaha vizva sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudra pramANa hai, isakA janatA meM pracAra kiyA / | bhagavAn ke pradhAna ziSya gautama bhikSA ke lie jA rahe the / logoM meM ziva rAjarSi ke siddhAMta kI carcA sunI / ve bhikSA lekara lauTe / gautama ne pUchA- 'bhagavAn ! dvIpa samudra kitane haiM ?' bhagavAn ne kahA - 'asaMkhya haiM / ' gautama ne use pracArita kiyA / yaha bAta ziva rAjarSi taka phuNcii| vaha saMdigdha huA aura usakA vibhaMga jJAna lupta ho gayA / vaha bhagavAn ke samIpa AyA, vArtAlApa kara bhagavAn kA ziSya bana gayA / udrAyaNa sindhu- sauvIra Adi solaha janapadoM kA adhipati thA / - dasa mukuTabaddha rAjA isake adhIna the / bhagavAn mahAvIra lambI yAtrA kara vahAM padhAre / rAjA ne bhagavAn ke pAsa muni dIkSA lI / vArANasI ke rAjA zaMkha ke bAre meM koI vivaraNa nahIM milatA / aMtakRtadazA Agama ke anusAra bhagavAn ne rAjA alaka ko vArANasI meM pravrajyA dI thI / sambhava hai yaha usI kA dUsarA nAma hai / usa yuga meM zAsaka sammata dharma ko adhika mahattva milatA thA / isalie rAjAoM kA dharma ke prati AkRSTa honA ullekhanIya

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bhagavAn mahAvIra mAnA jAtA / jaina dharma ne samAja ko kevala apanA anugAmI banAne kA yatna nahIM kiyA, vaha use vratI banAne ke pakSa para bhI bala detA rhaa| zAzvata satyoM kI ArAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha samAja ke vartamAna doSoM se bacane ke lie bhI jaina zrAvaka prayatnazIla rahate the| cAritrika uccatA ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo AcAra-saMhitA dI, vaha samAja meM mAnasika svAsthya kA vAtAvaraNa banAye rakhane meM sakSama hai|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paraMparA gaNadhara gautama inakA mUla nAma indrabhUti thaa| ye gobbara grAmavAsI gautamagotrIya brAhmaNa ke putra the| ye pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM pravajita hue aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara bane / tIsa varSa taka ye bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha chadmastha avasthA meM grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue dharma kA pracAra karate rahe / jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA, usa samaya ye pratibodha dene ke lie dUsare gAMva gae hue the| nirvANa kI sUcanA milate hI ye zoka se vihvala ho ge| cintana kI dhArA muDI aura ve vahIM kevalI ho ge| usa samaya unakI avasthA assI varSa kI thii| ve kevalajJAnI ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda bAraha varSa taka rahe aura bAnaveM varSa kI Ayu samApta kara nirvANa ko prApta ho ge| gaNadhara sudharmA digaMbara paraMparA kA abhimata hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama uttarAdhikArI gautama the / zvetAmbara paraMparA kA abhimata hai ki kevalI kabhI kisI paraMparA kA vAhaka nahIM hotaa| gautama kevalI ho cuke the| sudharmA ke atirikta zeSa nau gaNadhara bhagavAn kI upasthiti meM hI nirvANa ko prApta ho gae the| isalie saMgha ke saMcAlana kA bhAra gaNadhara sudharmA para AyA aura ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama uttarAdhikArI hue| unakA janma vikrama pUrva 550 meM kollAga sanniveza ke agnivezyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa dhammila ke vahAM huaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma bhaddilA thaa| unakA saMpUrNa AyuSya sau varSa kA thaa| ve pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue, bayAlIsa varSa taka chadmastha avasthA meM [tIsa varSa taka bhagavAn ke pAsa aura bAraha varSa taka bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke bAda] aura ATha varSa taka kevalajJAnI kI avasthA meM rahe / ve vaibhAragirI [rAjagRha] para eka

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA 56 mAsa kA anazana kara vIra nirvANa 20 (vi0 pUrva 440) meM nirvANa ko prApta hue| Arya jambakumAra ye rAjagRha-nivAsI seTha RSabhadatta ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| inakA janma vikrama pUrva 486 meM huA thaa| inakA lAlana-pAlana apAra vaibhava ke bIca huA / jaba Arya jambUkumAra solaha varSa ke hue taba ATha rUpavatI kanyAoM ke sAtha inakA vivAha-saMskAra saMpanna huaa| daheja meM inheM ninyAnave karor3a kI saMpatti prApta huii| usI dina prabhava nAma kA prasiddha cora apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha corI karane vahIM AyA / jambUkumAra usa samaya apanI rUpasI patniyoM ke sAtha vairAgyamaya vArtAlApa kara rahe the| cora prati-buddha huaa| usane apane sAthiyoM ko pratibuddha kiyaa| isa prakAra Arya jambU vikrama pUrva 466 meM 527 vyaktiyoM ke sAtha [apane mAtA-pitA, AThoM patniyoM tathA unake mAtA-pitA, pAMca sau cora aura corapati prabhava tathA svayaM] sudharmA ke pAsa dIkSita ho gye| usa samaya unakI Aya solaha varSa kI thii| aThAIsa varSa kI AyU meM ye AcArya bane aura chattIsa varSa kI Ayu meM inheM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi hii| ye carama zarIrI the| inakA pUrA AyUSya 80 varSa kA thaa| causaTha varSa ke zramaNa-paryAya meM ye cavAlIsa varSa taka yugapradhAna AcArya ke rUpa meM rhe| ye isa yuga ke antima kevalI the| inakA nirvANa vikrama pUrva 406 meM huaa| AcArya jambU ke sAtha-sAtha kevalajJAna kI paraMparA vicchinna ho gii| yahAM se zratakevalI- caturdazapUrvI kI paraMparA clii| chaha AcArya zratakevalI hue-~-prabhava, zayyaMmbhava, yazobhadra, saMbhUtavijaya, bhadrabAhu aura sthalabhadra / sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt cAra pUrva naSTa ho ge| vahAM se dasapUrvI kI paramparA clii| dasa AcArya dasapUrvI hue :-1. mahAgiri 2. suhastI, 3. guNasundara, 4. kAlakAcArya, 5. skandilAcArya, 6. revatimitra, 7. maMgu, 8. dharma, 6. caMdragupta, 10. Aryavajra / tIna pradhAna paramparAyeM 1. gaNadhara-vaMza 2. vAcaka-vaMza-vidyAdhara-vaMza,

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60 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 3. yuga-pradhAna / AcArya suhastI taka AcArya gaNanAyaka aura vAcanAcArya donoM hote the / ve gaNa kI sAra-samhAla aura gaNa kI zaikSaNika vyavasthA - ina donoM uttaradAyitvoM ko nibhAte the / AcArya suhastI ke bAda ye kArya vibhakta ho ge| cAritra kI rakSA karane vAle 'gaNAcArya' aura zrutajJAna kI rakSA karane vAle 'vAcanAcArya' kahalAe / gaNAcAryoM kI paramparA [ gaNadhara - vaMza ] apane-apane gaNa ke guru-ziSyakrama se calatI hai / vAcanAcAryoM aura yuga-pradhAnoM kI paramparA eka hI gaNa se sambandhita nahIM hai / jisa kisI bhI gaNa yA zAkhA meM eka ke bAda dUsare samartha vAcanAcArya tathA yuga-pradhAna hue haiM, unakA krama jor3A gayA hai / AcArya suhastI ke bAda bhI kucha AcArya gaNAcArya aura vAcanAcArya donoM hue haiM / jo AcArya vizeSa lakSaNa - sampanna aura apane yuga meM sarvopari prabhAvazAlI hue, unheM yuga-pradhAna mAnA gayA / ve gaNAcArya aura vAcanAcArya donoM meM se hue haiM / sampradAya bheda vicAra kA itihAsa jitanA purAnA hai, lagabhaga utanA hI purAnA vicAra-bheda kA itihAsa hai / vicAra vyakti-vyakti kI hI upaja hotA hai, kiMtu saMgha meM rUr3ha hone ke bAda saMghIya kahalAtA hai / tIrthaMkara-vANI jaina saMgha ke lie sarvopari pramANa hai / vaha pratyakSa darzana hai, isalie usameM tarka kI karkazatA nahIM hai / vaha tarka se bAdhita bhI nahIM hai / vaha sUtrarUpa hai / usakI vyAkhyA meM tarka kA lacIlApana AyA hai / bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAra pratyakSadarzI nahIM the / unhoMne sUtra ke Azaya ko paramparA se samajhA / kahIM samajha meM nahIM AyA, hRdayaMgama nahIM huA to apanI yukti aura jor3a dI / laMbe samaya meM aneka sampradAya bana gae / zvetAmbara aura digambara jaise zAsana-bheda hue / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM kucha zramaNa vastra pahanate, kucha nahIM bhI pahanate / bhagavAn svayaM vastra nahIM pahanate the / vastra pahanane se mukti hotI hI nahIM yA vastra nahIM pahanane se mukti hotI hai, ye donoM bAteM gauNa haiM / mukhya bAta hai -rAga-dveSa se mukti / jaina - paramparA kA bheda mUla tattvoM kI apekSA UparI bAtoM yA gauNa praznoM para adhika TikA huA hai / 1

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA 61* dorghakAlIna paraMparA meM vicArabheda honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / jaina paraMparA meM bhI aisA huA hai / AmUlacUla vicAra parivartana hone para kucha jaina sAdhu nigrantha zAsana ko chor3akara anya zAsana meM jAkara vahAM zramaNa bana ge| gozAlaka bhI unameM eka thA / aise zramaNoM ko ninhava kI saMjJA nahIM dI gaI / ninhava unhIM sAdhuoM ko kahA gayA jinakA cAlU paraMparA ke sAtha kisI eka viSaya meM matabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa, ve vartamAna zAsana se pRthak ho gae, kintu kisI anya dharma ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA / isalie unheM anyadharmI na kahakara, jaina zAsaka ke ninhava [ kiso eka viSaya kA apalApa karane vAle ] kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra ke ninhava sAta hue haiN| inameM se do [ jamAlI aura tiSyagupta ] bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kaivalyaprApti ke bAda hue haiM aura zeSa pAMca nirvANa ke bAda / ina saba ninhavoM kA astitva- kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kaivalya prApti ke caudaha varSa se nirvANa ke bAda 584 varSa taka rahA hai| unakA saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai 1. bahuratavAda jamAlI pahalA nihnava thA / vaha kSatriya - putra aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dAmAda thaa| mAM-bApa ke agAdha pyAra aura atula aizvarya ko ThukarA kara vaha nirgrantha banA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM use pravrajita kiyaa| pAMca sau vyakti usake sAtha the| muni jamAlI aba Age bar3hane lagA / jJAna, darzana aura caritra kI ArAdhanA meM apane Apako lagA diyA / sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMga par3he / vaha vicitra tapa karma - upavAsa, belA, telA yAvat arddha mAsa aura mAsa kI tapasyA se AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vihAra karane lagA / eka dina kI bAta hai, jJAnI aura tapasvI jamAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA / vandanA kI, namaskAra kiyA aura bolA'bhagavan ! maiM ApakI AjJA pAkara pAMca sau nirgranthoM ke sAtha janapada vihAra karanA cAhatA hUM / ' bhagavAn ne jamAlI kI bAta suna lI / use Adara nahIM diya / / mauna rahe / jamAlI ne dubArA aura tibArA apanI icchA ko doharAya / / bhagavAn pahale kI bhAMti mauna rahe / jamAlI uThA / bhagavAn ko vandanA kI, namaskAra kiyA / bahuzAlA nAmaka caitya se nikAlA / apane sAthI pAMca sau nirgranthoM ko

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-62 sAtha le bhagavAn se alaga vihAra karane lagA / zrAvastI ke koSThaka caitya meM jamAlI ThaharA huA thA / saMyama aura tapa kI sAdhanA cala rahI thI / nirgrantha- zAsana kI kaThoracaryA aura vairAgyavRtti ke kAraNa vaha arasa - virasa, anta-prAMta, rUkhA-sUkhA, * kAlAtikrAMta, pramANAtikrAMta AhAra letA / usase jamAlI kA zarIra rogAtaMka se ghira gayA / vipula vedanA hone lagI / kaTu duHkha udaya meM AyA / pittajvara se zarIra jalane lagA / ghoratama vedanA se pIr3ita jamAlI ne apane sAdhuoM se kahA- 'devAnupriyo ! bichaunA karo / ' sAdhuoM ne vinayAvanata ho use svIkAra kiyA / bichaunA karane lage / vedanA kA vega bar3ha rahA thaa| eka-eka pala bhArI ho rahA thA / jamAlI ne adhIra svara se pUchA- 'merA bichaunA bichA diyA yA bichA rahe ho ? zramaNoM ne uttara diyA- 'devAnupriya ! ApakA bichaunA kiyA nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / ' dUsarI bAra phira pUchA- devAnupriyo ! bichaunA kiyA yA kara rahe ho ?' zramaNa-nirgratha bole - 'devAnupriya ! ApakA bichaunA kiyA nahIM, kiyA jA rahA hai / ' isa uttara ne vedanA se adhIra bane jamAlI ko cauMkA diyA / zArIrika vedanA kI Takkara se saiddhAntika dhAraNA hila uThI / vicAroM ne mor3a liyA / jamAlI socane lagA- bhagavAn calamAna ko calita, udIyamANa ko uderita yAvat nirjIryamANa ko nirjIrNa kahate haiM, vaha mithyA hai | yaha sAmane dIkha rahA hai / merA bichaunA bichAyA jA rahA hai, kintu bichA nahIM hai / isalie kriyamANa akRta, saMstIryamAna asaMstRta hai-- kiyA jA rahA hai kintu kiyA nahIM gayA hai, bichAyA jA rahA hai kintu bichA nahIM hai -- kA siddhAMta sahI haiN| isake viparIta bhagavAna kA 'kriyamANa kRta' aura 'saMstIryamANa saMstRta' - karanA zurU huA, vaha kara liyA gayA, bichAnA zurU kiyA vaha bichA liyA gayA- yaha siddhAMta galata hai / calamAna ko calita, yAvat nirjIryamANa ko nirjIrNa mAnanA mithyA hai / calamAna ko acalita yAvat nirjIryamANa ko anirjIrNa mAnanA sahI hai / bahuratavAda - kArya kI pUrNatA hone para use pUrNa kahanA hI yathArtha hai / isa saiddhAntika uthala-puthala ne jamAlI kI zarIra - vedanA ko nirvIrya banA diyA / usane sAdhuoM ko bulAyA aura apanA sArA mAnasika Andolana kaha sunAyA / zramaNoM ne Azcarya ke sAtha sUnA / jamAlI bhagavAn ke siddhAnta ko mithyA aura apane jaina paramparA kA itihAsa

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"bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA 63 paristhitijanya aparipakva vicAra ko saca batA rahA hai / mAthemAthe kA vicAra alaga-alaga hotA hai / kucheka zramaNoM ko jamAlI kA vicAra rUcA, mana ko bhAyA, usa para zraddhA jamI / ve jamAlI kI zaraNa meM rahe / kucheka jinheM jamAlI kA vicAra nahIM jaMcA, usa para zraddhA yA pratIti nahIM huI, ve bhagavAn kI zaraNa meM cale gae / thor3A samaya bItA / jamAlI svastha huA / zrAvastI se calA / eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva vihAra karane lagA / bhagavAn una dinoM campA ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM virAja rahe the / jamAlI vahAM AyA / bhagavAn ke pAsa baiThakara bolA - 'devAnupriya ! Apake bahuta sAre ziSya asarvajJadazA meM gurukula se alaga hote haiM / vaise maiM nahIM huA huuN| maiM sarvajJa, arhat, jina kevalI hokara Apase alaga huA huuN| jamAlI kI yaha bAta sunakara bhagavAn ke jyeSTha antevAsI gautama svAmI bole'jamAlI ! sarvajJa kA jJAna darzana zaila-stambha aura stUpa se ruddha nahIM hotA / jamAlI ! yadi tuma sarvajJa hokara bhagavAn se alaga hue ho to loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata, jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata - ina do praznoM kA uttara do / ' gautama ke prazna suna vaha zaMkita ho gayA / unakA yathArtha uttara nahIM de sakA / mauna ho gayA / bhagavAn bole - 'jamAlI ! mere aneka chadmastha ziSya bhI merI bhAMti ina praznoM kA uttara dene meM samartha haiM / kintu tumhArI bhAMti apane Apako sarvajJa kahane meM samartha nahIM haiM / ' 'jamAlI ! yaha loka zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI / loka kabhI nahIM thA, nahIM hai, nahIM hogA - aisA nahIM hai / kintu yaha thA, hai aura rahegA / isalie yaha zAzvata hai / avasarpiNI ke bAda utsarpiNI hotI hai aura utsarpiNI ke bAda phira avasarpiNI / isa kAla cakra kI dRSTi se loka azAzvata hai / isI prakAra jIva bhI zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM hai / traikAlika sattA kI dRSTi se vaha zAzvata hai / vaha kabhI nairayika bana jAtA hai, kabhI tiryaMca, kabhI manuSya aura kabhI deva | isa rUpAntaraNa kI dRSTi se vaha azAzvata hai / ' jamAlI ne bhagavAn kI bAteM sunIM para ve acchI nahIM lagIM / una para zraddhA nahIM huI / vaha uThA, bhagavAn se alaga calA gayA / mithyAprarUpaNA karane lagA -- jhUThI bAteM kahane lagA / mithyA abhiniveza se vaha AgrahI bana gayA / dUsaroM ko bhI AgrahI banAne kA jI bhara

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64 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa jAla rcaa| bahutoM ko jhagar3Akhora bnaayaa| isa prakAra kI carcA calatI rhii| lambe samaya taka zramaNa-veza meM sAdhanA kI / aMtakAla meM eka pakSa kI saMlekhanA kii| tIsa dina kA anazana kiyaa| kintu mithyA-prarUpaNA yA jhUThe Agraha kI AlocanA nahIM kI, prAyazcitta nahIM kiyaa| isalie Ayu pUrA hone para vaha lAntaka-kalpa [chaThe devaloka ] ke nIce kilviSika [nimna zreNI kA] deva banA / 2. jIva-prAdezikavAda dUsare ninhava kA nAma tiSyagupta hai| inake AcArya 'vastu' caturdazapUrvI the / ve tiSyagupta ko AtmapravAdapUrva par3hA rahe the| usameM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama kA samvAda AyA __gautama-'bhagavan ! kyA jIva ke eka pradeza ko jIva kahA jA sakatA hai ?' bhgvaan-'nhiiN|' gautama-bhagavan ! kyA do, tIna yAvat saMkhyAta pradeza ko jIva kahA jA sakatA hai ?' bhgvaan--'nhiiN| asaMkhyAta pradezamaya caitanya padArtha ko hI jIva kahA jA sakatA hai|' ___yaha suna tiSyagupta ne kahA-'aMtima pradeza ke binA zeSa pradeza jIva nahIM haiM / isalie aMtima pradeza hI jIva hai|' guru ke samajhAne para bhI apanA Agraha nahIM chor3A, taba unheM saMgha ne pRthak kara diyA / ye jIva-pradeza sambandhI Agraha ke kAraNa jIvaprAdezika khlaae| 3. avyaktavAda zvetavikA nagarI ke paulASAr3ha caitya meM AcArya ASAr3ha vihAra kara rahe the| unake ziSyoM meM yoga-sAdhanA kA abhyAsa cala rahA thaa| AcArya kA Akasmika svargavAsa ho gyaa| usane socAziSyoM kA abhyAsa adhUrA raha jaaegaa| ve phira apane zarIra meM praviSTa ho ge| ziSyoM ko isakI jAnakArI nahIM thii| yogasAdhanA kA krama pUrA haa| AcArya devarUpa meM prakaTa ho bolezramaNo ! maiMne asaMyata hote hue bhI saMyatAtmAoM se vaMdanA karAI, isalie mujhe kSamA krnaa|' sArI ghaTanA sunA deva apane sthAna

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA 65 para cale gae / zramaNoM ko saMdeha ho gayA ki kauna jAne kauna sAdhu hai aura kauna deva ? nizcayapUrvaka kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yaha avyakta mata kahalAyA / ASAr3ha ke kAraNa yaha vicAra calA, isalie isake pravartaka AcArya ASADha haiM- aisA kucha AcArya kahate haiM, para vAstava meM isake pravartaka ASAr3ha ke ziSya hI hone cAhie / ye tIsare ninhava hue / 4. sAmucchedikavAda azvamitra apane AcArya kauNDila ke pAsa pUrva-jJAna par3ha rahe the / pahale samaya ke nAraka vicchinna ho jAyeMge, dUsare samaya ke bhI vicchinna ho jAyeMge, isa prakAra sabhI jIva vicchinna ho jAyeMge. yaha paryAyavAda kA prakaraNa cala rahA thA / unhoMne ekAMta samuccheda kA Agraha kiyA / ve saMgha se pRthak kara die ge| unakA mata 'sAmucchedikavAda' khlaayaa| ye cauthe ninhava hue| kavAda 1 gaMga muni AcArya dhanagupta ke ziSya the / ve zarad Rtu meM apane AcArya ko vaMdanA karane jA rahe the / mArga meM ullukA nadI thI / use pAra karate samaya sira ko sUrya kI garamI aura pairoM ko nadI kI ThaMDaka kA anubhava ho rahA thaa| muni ne socA, Agama meM kahA hai - eka samaya meM do kriyAoM kI anubhUti nahIM hotI / kintu mujhe eka sAtha do kriyAoM kI anubhUti ho rahI hai / ve guru ke pAsa pahuMce aura apanA anubhava sunaayaa| guru ne kahA- 'vAstava meM eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA kI anubhUti hotI hai / mana kA krama bahuta sUkSma hai, isalie hameM usakI pRthakatA kA patA nahIM calatA / ' guru kI bAta unheM nahIM jNcii| ve saMgha se alaga hokara 'dvaikriyavAda' kA pracAra karane lage / ye pAMcaveM nihnava hue| 6. zikavAda chaThe nihnava rohagupta [ SaDulUka ] hue| ve aMtaraMjikA ke bhUtagRha caitya meM Thahare hue apane AcArya zrIgupta ko vandana karane jA rahe the / vahAM poTTazAla parivrAjaka apanI vidyAoM ke pradarzana se logoM ko acambhe meM DAla rahA thA aura dUsare sabhI dhArmikoM ko vAda ke lie cunautI de rahA thA / AcArya ne rohagupta ko usakI cunautI svIkAra karane kA Adeza diyA aura mayUrI, nakulI,

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa viDAlI, vyAghrI, siMhI Adi aneka vidyAeM bhI sikhaaiiN| ___ rohagupta ne usakI cunautI ko svIkAra kiyaa| rAja-sabhA meM carcA kA prArambha huaa| poTTazAla ne jIva aura ajIva-ina do rAziyoM kI sthApanA kii| rohagupta ne jIva, ajIva aura no-jIva no-ajIva-ina tIna rAziyoM kI sthApanA kara use parAjita kara diyaa| rohagupta ne vRzcikI, sI, mUSikI Adi vidyAeM bhI viphala kara diiN| use parAjita kara rohagupta apane guru ke pAsa Aye, sArA ghaTanAcakra nivedita kiyaa| guru ne kahA-"rAzi do haiN| tUne tIna rAzi kI sthApanA kI, yaha acchA nahIM kiyaa| vApasa sabhA meM jA, isakA prativAda kr|' ve Agrahavaza guru kI bAta svIkAra nahIM kara sake / guru unheM 'kutrikApaNa' meM le ge| vahAM jIva mAMgA vaha mila gayA, ajIva mAMgA vaha bhI mila gayA, tIsarI rAzi nahIM milii| guru rAja-sabhA meM gae aura rohagupta kI parAjaya kI ghoSaNA kii| isa para bhI unakA Agraha kama nahIM huaa| isalie unheM saMgha se alaga kara diyA gyaa| 7. abaddhikavAda sAtaveM nihnava goSThAmAhila the| AryarakSita ke uttarAdhikArI durbalikA puSyamitra hue| eka dina ve vindhya nAmaka muni ko karmapravAda kA bandhAdhikAra par3hA rahe the| usameM karma ke do rUpoM kA varNana aayaa| koI karma gIlI dIvAra para miTTI kI bhAMti AtmA ke sAtha cipaka jAtA hai-eka rUpa ho jAtA hai aura koI karma sUkhI dIvAra para miTTI kI bhAMti AtmA kA sparza kara nIce gira jAtA hai - alaga ho jAtA hai| goSThAmAhila ne yaha sunA / ve AcArya se kahane lage-'AtmA aura karma yadi eka rUpa ho jAeM to phira ve kabhI bhI alaga-alaga nahIM ho sakate / isalie yaha mAnanA hI saMgata hai ki karma AtmA kA sparza karate haiM, usase ekIbhUta nahIM hote| vAstava meM bandha hotA hii|' AcArya ne donoM dazAoM kA marma batAyA, para unhoMne apanA Agraha nahIM chodd'aa| Akhira unheM saMgha se pRthak kara diyA gyaa| ina sAta nihnavoM meM jamAlI, rohagupta aura goSThAmAhila

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA 67 ye tIna anta taka alaga rahe, bhagavAna ke zAsana meM punaH sammilita nahIM hue| zeSa cAra nihnava prAyazcitta lekara punaH zAsana meM A ge| sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM kA hI ullekha hai| jinabhadragaNI AThaveM nihnava boTika kA ullekha aura karate haiM, jo vastra tyAgakara saMgha se pRthak hue the| zvetAbara-digambara digambara-sampradAya kI sthApanA kaba huI, yaha aba bhI anusaMdhAna sApekSa hai / paramparA se isakI sthApanA vIra nirvANa kI chaThIsAtavIM zatAbdI meM mAnI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara nAma kaba par3A-vaha bhI anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sApekSa zabda haiM / inameM se eka kA nAmakaraNa hone ke bAda hI dUsare ke nAmakaraNa kI AvazyakatA huii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sacela aura acela donoM prakAra ke zramaNoM kA samavAya thaa| AcArAMga meM sacela aura acela donoM prakAra ke zramaNoM kA varNana hai| sacela muni ke lie vastraiSaNA kA varNana AyAracUlA meM hai| uttarAdhyayana meM acela aura sacela donoM avasthAoM kA ullekha hai| Agama-kAla meM acela muni jinakalpika aura sacela muni sthavirakalpika kahalAte the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahAna vyaktitva ke kAraNa AcAra kI dvividhatA kA jo samanvita rUpa huA, vaha jambU svAmI taka usI rUpa AcArya mata-sthApanA utpatti-sthAna kAlamAna 1. jamAlI bahuratavAda zrAvastI kaivalya ke 14 varSa pazcAt 2. tiSyagupta jIvaprAdezikavAda RSabhapura kaivalya ke 16 varSa pazcAt 3. ASAr3ha-ziSya avyaktavAda zvetavikA nirvANa ke 114 varSa pazcAt 4 azvamitra sAmucchedikavAda mithilA nirvANa ke 220 varSa pazcAt 5. gaMga dvaikriyavAda ullukAtIra nirvANa ke 228 varSa pazcAt 6. rohagupta rAzikavAda aMtaraMjikA nirvANa ke 554 varSa pazcAt 7. goSThA- abaddhikavAda dazapura nirvANa ke 606 varSa pazcAta mAhila

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68 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa meM claa| unake pazcAt AcArya - paramparA kA bheda milatA hai / zvetAmbara paTTAvali ke anusAra jambu ke pazcAt zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu hue aura digambara- mAnyatA ke anusAra nandI, nandI mitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu hue / jambU ke pazcAt kucha samaya taka donoM paramparAeM AcAryoM kA bheda svIkAra karatI haiM aura bhadrabAhu ke samaya phira donoM eka bana jAtI haiM / isa bheda aura abheda ke saiddhAntika matabheda kA niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA / usa samaya saMgha eka thA, phira bhI gaNa aura zAkhAeM aneka thIM / AcArya aura caturdazapUrvI bhI aneka the / kintu prabhavasvAmI ke samaya se hI kucha matabheda ke aMkura phUTane lage hoM, aisA pratIta hotA hai / zayyaMbhava ne dazavaikAlika meM-- ' vastra rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai' - isa para jo bala diyA hai aura jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne saMyama aura lajjA ke nimitta vastra rakhane ko parigraha nahIM kahA hai - isa vAkya dvArA bhagavAn ke abhimata ko sAkSya kiyA hai / usase Antarika matabheda kI sUcanA milatI hai / kucha zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt zayyambhava kA 'mucchA pariggaho vRtto' vAkya parigraha kI paribhASA bana gayA / umAsvAti kA 'mUrcchA parigrahaH' - yaha sUtra isI kA upajIvI hai / jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt 'dasa vastuoM' kA lopa mAnA gayA hai / unameM eka jinakalpika avasthA bhI hai / yaha bhI paramparA-bheda kI puSTi karatA hai / bhadrabAhu ke samaya [ vI0 ni0 160 ke lagabhaga] pATaliputra meM jo vAcanA huI, una donoM paramparAoM kA mata - bheda tIvra ho gayA / isase pUrva zruta viSayaka ekatA thI / kintu lambe duSkAla meM aneka zrutadhara muni divaMgata ho gae / bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA / vaha sabako pUrNa mAnya nahIM huaa| donoM kA matabheda spaSTa ho gayA / mAthurI vAcanA meM zruta kA jo rUpa sthira huA, usakA acelatva- samarthakoM ne pUrNa bahiSkAra kara diyA / isa prakAra AcAra aura zruta viSayaka matabheda tIvra hote-hote vIra - nirvANa kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM eka mUla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / vetAmbara se digambara zAkhA nikalI, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA sktaa| digambara se zvetAmbara-zAkhA kA udbhava huA, yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pratyeka sampradAya apane ko mUla aura dUsare ko apanI zAkhA batAtA hai / para saca to yaha hai ki sAdhanA kI do zAkhAeM, samanvaya aura sahiSNutA ke virATa prakANDa kA Azraya lie huI thIM, ve usakA nirvAha nahIM kara sakI, kAla-paripAka se pRthaka ho giiN| athavA yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka dina sAdhanA ke do bIjoM ne samanvaya ke mahAtaru ko aMkurita kiyA aura eka dina vahI mahAtaru do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| kiMvadantI ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 606 varSa ke pazcAt digambara-sampradAya kA janma huA, yaha zvetAmbara mAnate haiM aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa 606 meM zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA prArambha huaa| sacelatva aura acelatva kA Agraha aura samanvaya-dRSTi jaba taka jaina-zAsana para prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA anuzAsana rahA, taba taka sacelatva aura acelatva kA vivAda ugra nahIM bnaa| kundakunda ke samaya yaha vivAda tIvra ho uThA thaa| bIca-bIca meM isake samanvaya ke prayatna bhI hote rahe haiN| yApanIyasaMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kA samanvita rUpa thaa| isa saMgha ke muni acelatva Adi kI dRSTi se digambara-paraMparA kA anusaraNa karate the aura mAnyatA kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara the| ve strI-mukti ko mAnate the aura zvetAmbara-sammata Agama-sAhitya kA adhyayana karate the| samanvaya kI dRSTi aura bhI samaya-samaya para prasphuTita hotI rahI hai| kahA gayA hai 'koI muni do vastra rakhatA hai, koI tIna, koI eka aura koI acela rahatA hai| ve paraspara eka-dUsare kI avajJA na kareM; kyoMki yaha saba jinAjJA-sammata hai| yaha AcAra-bheda zArIrika zakti aura dhRti ke utkarSa aura apakarSa ke AdhAra para hotA hai / isalie sacela muni acela mUniyoM kI avajJA na kareM aura acela muni sacela muniyoM ko apane se hIna na mAneM / jo muni mahAvrata dharma kA pAlana karate haiM aura udyata-vihArI haiM, ve saba jinAjJA meM haiN|' caityavAsa paramparA ___vIra-nirvANa kI navIM zatAbdI [850] meM caityavAsa kI sthApanA huii| kucha zithilAcArI muni ugra-vihAra chor3akara maMdiroM

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70 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ke paripArzva meM rahane lge| vIra-nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka inakA prabhutva nahIM bddh'aa| devaddhigaNI ke divaMgata hote hI inakA sampradAya zaktizAlI ho gyaa| vidyA-bala aura rAjya-bala donoM ke dvArA inhoMne ugra-vihArI zramaNoM [saMvignapAkSikoM] para paryApta prahAra kiyaa| haribhadrasUri ne 'sambodha-prakaraNa' meM inake AcAra-vicAra kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai| ___ abhayadevasUri devaddhigaNI ke pazcAt jaina-zAsana kI vAstavika paramparA kA lopa mAnate haiM / caityavAsa se pUrva gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA prAcurya hote hue bhI unameM pArasparika vigraha yA apane gaNa kA ahaMkAra nahIM thaa| ve prAyaH avirodhI the| aneka gaNa honA vyavasthA-sammata thaa| gaNoM ke nAma vibhinna kAraNoM se parivartita hote rahate the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI sudharmA ke nAma se gaNa ko saudharma-gaNa kahA gyaa| samantabhadrasUri ne vanavAsa svIkAra kiyA, isalie use vanavAsI gaNa kahA gyaa| caityavAsI zAkhA ke udbhava ke sAtha eka pakSa saMvigna, vidhimArga yA suvihitamArga kahalAyA aura dUsarA pakSa caityvaasii| sthAnakavAsI isa saMpradAya kA udbhava mUrti-pUjA ke asvIkAra pakSa meM huaa| vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI meM lokAzAha ne mUrti-pUjA kA virodha kiyA aura AcAra kI kaThoratA kA pakSa prabala kiyaa| ye gahasthAvasthA meM hI the| inakI paramparA meM RSi lavajI, AcArya dharmasiMhajI aura AcArya dharmadAsajI pratibhAzAlI AcArya hue| AcArya dharmadAsajI ke ninyAnave ziSya the| unhoMne apane vidvAn ziSyoM ko bAIsa grupoM meM bAMTA aura vibhinna prAMtoM meM unheM dharmapracAra karane ke lie bhejaa| usake bAda loMkAzAha kA sampradAya 'bAIsa TolA' yA bAIsa-saMpradAya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| Age calakara, sthAnakoM kI mukhyatA ke kAraNa yahI 'sthAnakavAsI' saMpradAya ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| vartamAna meM isakA nAma 'zramaNa saMgha' kara diyA gayA hai aura yaha bhI aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta dikhAI detA hai|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI uttaravartI paramparA terApaMtha sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya ke AcArya rughanAthajI ke ziSya 'santa bhIkhaNajI' [AcArya bhikSu] ne vikrama saMvat 1817 meM terApaMtha kA pravartana kiyaa| AcArya bhikSu ne AcAra-zuddhi aura saMgaThana para bala diyaa| ekasUtratA ke lie unhoMne aneka maryAdAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, ziSya-prathA ko samApta kara diyaa| thor3e hI samaya meM eka AcArya, eka AcAra aura eka vicAra ke lie terApaMtha prasiddha ho gyaa| AcArya bhikSu Agama ke anuzIlana dvArA kucha naye tattvoM ko prakAza meM laae| sAmAjika bhUmikA meM usa samaya ve kucha apUrva-se lge| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ve bahuta hI mUlyavAn haiN| kucha tathya vartamAna samAja ke patha-darzaka bana gae haiN| digambara digambara-paraMparA bhI eka rUpa nahIM rhii| vaha aneka saMghoM meM vibhakta ho gii| usameM mUla pAMca saMgha haiM-mUla saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, drAvir3a saMgha, kASThA saMgha aura mAthura saMgha / vartamAna meM usake kaI sampradAya haiM --terApaMtha, bosapaMtha, tAraNapaMtha Adi /

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jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya Agama aura Agametara-ina do bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai / sAhitya kA prAcInatama bhAga Agama kahalAtA hai| sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI bhagavAn ne apane Apako dekhA aura samUce loka ko dekhaa| bhagavAn ne satya kA pratipAdana kiyaa| ve mahAna pravacanakAra the, isalie ve tIrthaMkara khlaae| bhagavAna ne bandha, bandha-hetu, mokSa aura mokSa-hetu kA svarUpa btaayaa| bhagavAna kI vANI Agama bana gii| unake pradhAna ziSya gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ne use sUtra-rUpa meM guuNthaa| Agama ke do vibhAga ho gae-sUtrAgama aura arthaagm| bhagavAna ke prakIrNa upadeza ko arthAgama aura unake AdhAra para kI gaI sUtra-racanA ko sUtrAgama kahA gyaa| ve AcAryoM ke lie nidhi bana ge| isalie usakA nAma gaNi-piTaka huaa| usa gumphana ke maulika bhAga bAraha hue / isalie usakA dUsarA nAma huA-- dvaadshaaNgii| bAraha aMga ye haiM- (1) AcAra, (2) sUtrakRta, (3) sthAna, (4) samavAya, (5) bhagavatI, (6) jJAtA-dharmakathA, (7) upAsakadazA, (8) antakRtadazA, (8) anuttaropapAtikadazA, (10) praznavyAkaraNa, (11) vipAka, (12) dRSTivAda / 1. tIrtha zabda ke aneka artha hote haiN| unameM eka artha hai---pravacana / isI AdhAra para pravacanakAra ko tIrthakara kahA jAtA thaa| bauddha sAhitya meM chaha tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM 'kapila' Adi ko bhI tIrthakara kahA hai| sUtra kRtAMgacaNi (pR0 47) meM 'parataMtratIrthakaraH' aura (pR0 322) meM 'vayaM tIrthakarA iti'-aisA ullekha miltaa| pravacana ke AdhAra para dharma kI ArAdhanA karane vAle sAdhu-sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai|

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jaina sAhitya sthaviroM ne isakA pallavana kiyaa| Agama-sUtroM kI saMkhyA hajAroM taka pahuMca gii| ___ bhagavAna ke caudaha hajAra ziSya prakaraNakAra [graMthakAra the / usa samaya likhane kI paraMparA nahIM thii| sArA vAGmaya smRti para AdhArita thaa| AgamoM kA racanA-krama dRSTivAda ke pAMca vibhAga haiM :-parikarma, sUtra, pUrvAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cuulikaa| pUrvagata ke caudaha vibhAga haiN| ve pUrva kahalAte haiN| unakA parimANa bahata hI vizAla hai| ve zrata yA zabda-jJAna ke samasta viSaya ke akSaya-koSa hote haiN| unakI racanA ke bAre meM do vicAradhArAeM haiM--pahalI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva hI jJAna-rAzi kA yaha bhAga calA A rahA thA, isalie uttaravartI sAhitya-racanA ke -samaya ise 'pUrva' kahA gyaa| dUsarI vicAraNA ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI se pUrva ye race gae, isalie inheM 'pUrva' kahA gyaa| __ pUrvo meM sArA zruta samA jAtA hai| kintu sAdhAraNa buddhi vAle use par3ha nahIM sakate / unake lie dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI gii| Agama-sAhitya meM adhyayana-paramparA ke tIna krama milate haiN| kucha zramaNa caturdazapUrvI hote the, kucha dvAdazAMgI ke vidvAn aura kucha sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM ke adhyetaa| caturdazapUrvI zramaNoM kA adhika mahattva rahA hai| unheM zruta-kevalI kahA gayA hai| pUrvo kI bhASA saMskRta mAnI jAtI hai| inakA viSaya gahana aura bhASA sahaja subodha nahIM thii| isalie alpamati logoM ke lie dvAdazAMgI racI gii| kahA bhI hai : "bAlastrImandamUrkhANAM, nRNAM cAritrakAGkSiNAm / anugrahArthaM tattvajJaH, siddhAntaH prAkRte kRtH||" AgamoM ko bhASA jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardha-mAgadhI hai| Agama-sAhitya ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ardha-mAgadhI meM upadeza dete haiN| ise usa samaya kI divya bhASA aura isakA prayoga karane vAle ko bhASArya kahA hai| yaha prAkRta kA hI eka rUpa hai| yaha magadha ke eka bhAga meM

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74 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bolI jAtI hai, isalie ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai| isameM mAgadhI aura dUsarI bhASAoM-aThAraha dezI bhASAoM ke lakSaNa mizrita haiN| isalie yaha ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA, kauzala Adi aneka pradeza, varga aura jAti ke the| isalie jaina-sAhitya kI prAcIna-prAkRta meM dezya zabdoM kI bahulatA hai / mAgadhI aura dezya zabdoM kA mizraNa ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtA hai| yaha jinadAsa mahattara kI vyAkhyA hai, jo sambhavataH sabase adhika prAcIna hai| ise ArSa bhI kahA jAtA hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne ise ArSa kahA, usakA mUla Agama kA RSi-bhASita zabda hai / AgamoM kA prAmANya aura aprAmANya / kevalI, avadhi-jJAnI, manaHparyava-jJAnI, caturdaza-pUrvadhara aura daza-pUrvadhara kI racanA ko Agama kahA jAtA hai| Agama meM pramukha sthAna dvAdazAMgI yA gaNipiTaka kA hai| vaha svataH pramANa hai| zeSa Agama parataH pramANa haiM-dvAdazAMgI ke aviruddha haiM, ve pramANa haiM, zeSa apramANa / Agama-vibhAga __ Agama-sAhitya praNetA kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hotA. hai-aMga-praviSTa aura anaMga-praviSTa / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha aMga-praviSTa kahalAtA hai / sthaviroM ne jo sAhitya racA, vaha anaMga-praviSTa kahalAtA hai| bAraha aMgoM ke atirikta sArA Agama-sAhitya anaMga-praviSTa hai| gaNadharoM ke prazna para bhagavAna ne tripadI-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA upadeza diyaa| usake AdhAra para jo Agama-sAhitya racA gayA, vaha aMgapraviSTa aura bhagavAn ke mukta vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para sthaviroM ne jo racA, vaha anaMga-praviSTa hai / dvAdazAMgI kA svarUpa sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke samakSa niyata hotA hai| anaMga-praviSTa niyata nahIM hotaa| abhI jo ekAdaza aMga upalabdha hai ve sudharmA gaNadhara kI vAcanA ke haiM, isalie sudharmA dvArA racita mAne jAte haiN| anaMga-praviSTa Agama-sAhitya kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM baMTatA hai| kucheka Agama sthaviroM ke dvArA racita haiM aura kucheka niyaMDha /

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jaina sAhitya 75. jo Agama dvAdazAMgI yA pUrvo se uddhRta kiye gae, ve nihDha kahalAte haiM / dazavaikAlika, AcArAMga kA dUsarA zrutaskaMdha, nizItha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha-ye nirmUDha Agama haiN| dazavaikAlika kA nirvahaNa apane putra manaka kI ArAdhanA ke lie Arya zayyambhava ne kiyaa| zeSa AgamoM ke ni!haka zruta-kevalI bhadrabAha haiN| prajJApanA ke kartA zyAmArya, anuyogadvAra ke kartA AryarakSita aura naMdI ke karttA devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa mAne jAte haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se AgamoM ko do yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| I0 pU0 400 se I0 100 taka kA pahalA yuga hai| isameM racita aMgoM kI bhASA ardha-mAgadhI hai| dUsarA yuga I0 100 se I0 500 taka kA hai| isameM racita yA niyUMDha AgamoM kI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| Agama vAcanAeM vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM [160 varSa pazcAt] pATaliputra meM bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa huaa| usa samaya zramaNa-saMgha chinna-bhinna-sA ho gyaa| bahuta sAre bahuzruta muni anazana kara svargavAsI ho gae / Agama-jJAnakI zRMkhalA TUTa-sI gii| durbhikSa miTA, taba saMgha milaa| zramaNoM ne gyAraha aMga saMkalita kie| bArahaveM aMga ke jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI ke sivAya koI nahIM rhaa| ve nepAla meM mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha kI prArthanA para unhoMne bArahaveM aMga kI vAcanA denA svIkAra kara liyaa| pandraha sau sAdhu ge| unameM pAMca sau vidyArthI the aura hajAra sAdhu unakI paricaryA meM niyukta the| pratyeka vidyArthI-sAdhu ke do-do sAdhu paricAyaka the| adhyayana prAraMbha huaa| lagabhaga vidyArthI-sAdhu thaka ge| ekamAtra sthUlabhadra bace rhe| unheM dasapUrva kI vAcanA dI gii| bahinoM ko camatkAra dikhAne ke lie unhoMne siMha kA rUpa banA liyaa| bhadrabAhu ne ise jAna liyaa| vAcanA banda kara dii| phira bahuta Agraha karane para cAra pUrva diye, para unakA artha nahIM btaayaa| sthUlabhadra pATha kI dRSTi se aMtima zrutakevalI the| artha kI dRSTi se aMtima zratakevalI bhadrabAha ke bAda dasa pUrva kA jJAna hI zeSa rhaa| vajrasvAmI antima dazapUrvadhara huye / vajrasvAmI ke uttarAdhikArI AryarakSita hue / ve nau pUrva pUrNa aura dasaveM pUrva ke 24 yavika jAnate

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76 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 1 the / AryarakSita ke ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra ne nau pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyA kintu anabhyAsa ke kAraNa ve naveM pUrva ko bhUla gae / vismRti kA yaha krama Age bar3hatA gayA / Agama- saMkalana kA dUsarA prayatna vIra nirvANa 827 aura 840 ke bIca huA / AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama likhe ge| yaha kArya mathurA meM huA, isalie ise mAthurI - vAcanA kahA jAtA hai / isI samaya vallabhI meM AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM Agama saMkalita hue| use vallabhI vAcanA yA nAgArjunIya-vAcanA kahA jAtA hai / mAthurI vAcanA ke anuyAyiyoM ke anusAra vIra- nirvANa ke 680 varSa pazcAt tathA vallabhI-vAcanA ke anuyAyiyoM ke anusAra vIra - nirvANa ke 993 varSa pazcAt devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM zramaNa-saMgha milA / dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa bahuta sAre bahuzruta muni kAla-kavalita ho cuke the / anya muniyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kama ho gaI thI / zruta kI avasthA cintanIya thI / durbhikSa-janita kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa prAsuka bhikSAjIvI sAdhuoM kI sthiti bar3I vicAraNIya thI / kramazaH zruta kI vismRti ho rahI thI / devarddhigaNI ne avaziSTa bahuzruta muniyoM tathA zramaNa-saMgha ko ekatrita kiyA | unheM jo zrutakaMThastha thA, vaha unase sunA aura lipibaddha kara liyA / AgamoM ke AlApaka nyUnAdhika aura chinnabhinna mile / unhoMne una sabakA apanI mati se saMkalana aura saMpAdana kara pustakArUr3ha kara liyaa| isake pazcAt phira koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahIM huI / vIra - nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda pUrvajJAna kI paramparA vicchinna ho gaI / Agama-viccheda kA krama bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra- nirvANa ke 170 varSa pazcAt huA / artha kI dRSTi se antima cAra pUrvoM kA viccheda isI samaya huA / digambara-paramparA ke anusAra yaha vIra - nirvANa ke 162 varSa pazcAt huA / zAbdI - dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva sthUlabhadra kI mRtyu ke samaya vIra- nirvANa ke 216 varSa pazcAt vicchinna hue / inake bAda pUrvI kI paramparA Aryavajra taka clii| unakA svargavAsa vIra

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jaina sAhitya 77 nirvANa ke 571 [vikrama saMvat 101] varSa pazcAt huA / usI samaya dasavAM pUrva vicchinna huaa| navAM pUrva durbalikA puSyamitra kI mRtyu ke sAtha --- vIra-nirvANa 604 varSa [vikrama saMvat 134] meM lupta huaa| pUrvajJAna kA viccheda vIra-nirvANa ke hajAra varSa pazcAt huaa| digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 62 varSa taka kevalajJAna rhaa| aMtima kevalo jambUsvAmI hue| unake pazcAt 100 varSa taka caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna rahA / antima caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu hue| unake pazcAt 183 varSa taka dazapUrva rhe| dharmasena antima dazapUrvI the| unake pazcAt gyAraha aMgoM kI paramparA 220 varSa taka clii| unake aMtima adhyetA dhruvasena he| unake pazcAt eka aMga [AcArAMga] kA adhyayana 118 varSa taka claa| isake aMtima adhikArI lohArya hue| vIra-nirvANa 683 [vikrama samvat 213] ke pazcAt Agama-sAhitya sarvathA lupta ho gyaa| dRSTivAda aMga ke pUrvagata-graMtha kA kucha aMza IsvI prAraMbhika zatAbdI meM zrIdhara senAcArya ko jJAta thaa| unhoMne dekhA ki yadi vaha zeSAMza bhI lipibaddha nahIM kiyA jAegA to jinavANI kA sarvathA abhAva ho jaaegaa| phalataH unhoMne zrIpuSpadaMta aura zrIbhUtabali sadRza medhAvI RSiyoM ko bulAkara giranAra kI candra guphA meM use lipibaddha karA diyaa| una donoM RSivaroM ne usa lipibaddha zrutajJAna ko jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ke dina sarva saMgha ke samakSa upasthita kiyA thA / vaha pavitra dina 'zruta paMcamI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura sAhityoddhAra kA preraka kAraNa bana rahA hai| kevalajJAna ke lopa kI mAnyatA meM donoM sampradAya ekamata haiN| cAra pUrvo kA lopa bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt huA isameM aikya hai| kevala kAla-daSTi se ATha varSa kA aMtara hai| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra unakA lopa vIra-nirvANa ke 170 varSa pazcAt huA aura digambaramAnyatA ke anusAra 162 varSa pazcAt / yahAM taka donoM paramparAeM Asa-pAsa calatI haiN| isake pazcAt unameM dUrI bar3hatI calI jAtI hai / dasaveM pUrva ke lopa kI mAnyatA meM donoM meM kAla kA bar3A aMtara hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra dazapUrvI vIra-nirvANa se 584 varSa taka hue aura digambara-paramparA ke anusAra 245 varSa tk|

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78 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa zvetAmbara eka pUrva kI paramparA ko devaddhigaNI taka le jAte haiM aura AgamoM ke kucha maulika bhAga ko aba taka surakSita mAnate haiN| digambara vIra-nirvANa 683 varSa pazcAt AgamoM kA pUrNa lopa svIkAra karate haiN| Agama kA maulika rUpa digambara-paramparA ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa ke 683 varSa ke pazcAt AgamoM kA maulika svarUpa lupta ho gyaa| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA hai ki Agama-sAhitya kA maulika svarUpa bar3e parimANa meM lupta ho gayA kiMtu pUrNa nahIM, aba bhI vaha zeSa hai| aMgoM aura upAMgoM kI jo tIna bAra saMkalanA huI, usameM maulika rUpa avazya hI badalA hai| uttaravartI ghaTanAoM aura vicAraNAoM kA samAveza bhI huA hai| sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura navagaNoM kA ullekha isakA spaSTa pramANa hai| prazna-vyAkaraNa kA jo viSaya-varNana hai, vaha vartamAna rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isa sthiti ke uparAnta bhI aMgo kA adhikAMza bhAga maulika hai / bhASA aura racanA-zailI kI dRSTi se vaha prAcIna hai / AyAro racanA zailI kI daSTi se zeSa saba aMgoM se bhinna hai| Aja ke bhASAzAstrI use DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna batalAte haiN| sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga aura bhagavatI bhI prAcIna haiM / isameM koI sandeha nahIM, Agama kA mUla Aja bhI surakSita hai| anuyoga anuyoga kA artha hai - sUtra aura artha kA ucita sambandha / ve cAra haiM -caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, drvyaanuyog| Aryavajra taka anuyoga ke vibhAga nahIM the| pratyeka sUtra meM cAroM anuyogoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA thaa| AryarakSita ne isa paddhati meM parivartana kiyaa| isake nimitta unake ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra bne| AryarakSita ke cAra pramukha ziSya the-durbalikA puSyamitra, phalgurakSita, vindhya aura goSThAmAhila / vindhya inameM medhAvI thaa| usane Arya-rakSita se prArthanA kI- "prabho ! mujhe sahapATha meM adhyayana-sAmagrI bahuta vilamba se milatI hai| isalie zIghra mile, aisI vyavasthA kiijie|" Arya rakSita ne use AlApaka dene kA bhAra durbalikA puSyamitra ko sauNpaa| kucha dina taka ve use

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jaina sAhitya vAcanA dete rhe| phira eka dina dUrbalikA puSyamitra ne AryarakSita se nivedana kiyA- "gurudeva ! ise vAcanA dUMgA to merA nauvAM pUrva vismRta ho jaaegaa| aba jo Aryavara kA Adeza ho vahI kruuN|" AryarakSita ne socA -- 'durbalikA puSyamitra kI yaha gati hai| aba prajJA-hAni ho rahI hai / pratyeka sUtra meM cAroM anuyogoM ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA rakhane vAle aba adhika samaya taka nahIM raha skeNge|' isa cintana ke pazcAt unhoMne AgamoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| AgamoM kA pahalA saMskaraNa bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM huA thA aura dUsarA saMskaraNa AryarakSita ne [vIra-nirvANa 583-567 meM] kiyaa| isa saMskaraNa meM vyAkhyA kI durUhatA miTa gii| cAroM anuyogoM meM AgamoM kA vibhAga isa prakAra kiyA : 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga --kAlika sUtra 2. dharmakathAnuyoga -uttarAdhyayana, RSi bhASita aadi| 3. gaNitAnuyoga [kAlAnuyoga] -- sUryaprajJapti Adi 4. dravyAnuyoga ---dRSTivAda lekhana aura pratikriyA jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra lipi kA prArambha prAgaitihAsika hai| prajJApanA meM 18 lipiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko 18 lipiyAM sikhAIM, aisA ullekha vizeSAvazvakabhASyavRtti, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi meM milatA hai| jaina-sUtra varNita 72 kalAoM meM lekha-kalA kA pahalA sthAna hai| bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne 72 kalAoM kA upadeza kiyA tathA asi, maSi aura kRSi-ye tIna prakAra ke vyApAra claae| inameM Aye hae lekha-kalA aura maSi zabda likhane kI paramparA ko karma-yuga ke Arambha taka le jAte haiN| nandI-sUtra meM tIna prakAra kA akSara-zruta batalAyA hai| isameM pahalA saMjJAkSara hai| isakA artha hotA hai--- akSara kI aakRti-lipi| lekha-sAmagrI prAgaitihAsika kAla meM likhane kI sAmagrI kaisI thI, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM pustaka ratna

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80 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kA varNana karate hue kambikA [kAmI], moMrA, gAMTha, lipyAsana [maSipAtra], chaMdana [ Dhakkana], sAMkalI, maSi aura lekhanI-lekhasAmagrI ke ina upakaraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| prajJApanA meM 'potthArA' zabda AtA hai jisakA artha hotA hai-lipikAra-pustakavijJAna-Arya / ise zilpArya meM ginA gayA hai| isI sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki ardha-mAgadhI bhASA aura brAhmI lipi kA prayoga karane vAle bhASArya hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke Arambha meM brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, usakI pRSThabhUmi meM bhI likhane kA itihAsa hai| bhAva-lipi ke pUrva vaise hI dravya-lipi rahatI hai, jaise bhAva-zra ta ke pUrva dravya-zrata hotA hai| dravya-zrata zrayamANa zabda aura paThyamAna zabda-donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki dravya-lipi dravya-zruta se atirikta nahIM, usI kA eka aMza hai| pAMca prakAra kI pustakeM batalAI gaI haiM.--1. gaNDI, 2. kacchavI, 3. muSTi, 4. saMpUTa phalaka, 5. supaattikaa| haribhadrasUri ne bhI dazavaikAlika TIkA meM prAcIna AcAryoM kI mAnyatA kA ullekha karate hue inhIM pustakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nizIthacUNi meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| anuyogadvAra kA potthakamma [pustaka-karma] zabda bhI lipi kI prAcInatA kA eka prabala pramANa hai| TIkAkAra ne pustaka kA artha tAr3a-patra athavA saMpuTaka-patra-saMcaya aura karma kA artha usameM vartikA Adi se likhanA kiyA hai| isI sUtra meM Aye hue potthakAra [pustakakAra] zabda kA artha TIkAkAra ne 'pustaka ke dvArA jIvikA calAne vAlA' kiyA hai| jIvAbhigama ke potthAra [pustakakAra] zabda kA yahI artha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko pAThazAlA meM par3hane-likhane kI ghaTanA bhI tAtkAlika lekhanaprathA kA eka pramANa hai| vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM AkrAntA samrATa sikandara ke senApati niAsa ne likhA hai'bhAratavAsI loga kAgaja banAte the|' IsvI ke dUsare zataka meM tAr3a-patra aura cauthe meM bhoja-patra likhane ke vyavahAra meM lAe jAte the| vartamAna meM upalabdha likhita graMthoM meM I0 sa0 pAMcavIM meM likhe hae patra milate haiN| ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama jAna sakate haiM ki bhArata meM likhane kI prathA prAcInatama hai| kintu samaya-samaya para isake lie kina-kina sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA thA, isakA do

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81 jaina sAhitya hajAra varSa purAnA rUpa jAnanA ati kaThina hai| moTe taura para hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki bhAratIya vAGmaya kA bhAgya lambe samaya taka kaNThastha-paramparA meM hI surakSita rahA hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidikatInoM paramparAoM ke ziSya uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM apane-apane AcAryoM dvArA jJAna kA akSaya-koSa pAte the| Agama likhane kA itihAsa jaina dRSTi ke anusAra zruta-Agama ko vizAla dhana-rAzi caudaha pUrva meM saMcita hai| ve kabhI likhe nahIM ge| kintu amukaamuka parimANa syAhI se unake likhe jA sakane kI kalpanA avazya huI hai| sabase pahale vIra-nirvANa kI nauvIM zatAbdI [827-840] meM AgamoM ko saMkalita kara likhA gayA aura Aryaskandila ne sAdhuoM ko anuyoga kI vAcanA dii| isalie unakI vAcanA mAthurI-vAcanA khlaaii| mAthurI vAcanA ke ThIka samaya para valabhI meM nAgArjunasUri ne zramaNa-saMgha ko ekatra kara AgamoM ko saMkalita kiyaa| nAgArjuna aura anya zramaNoM ko jo Agama aura prakaraNa yAda the, ve likhe ge| yaha 'nAgArjunIya-vAcanA' kahalAtI hai| dUsarI bAra vIra-nirvANa 680 yA [963] varSa meM devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne phira AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyA aura saMgha ke samakSa usakA vAcana kiyaa| yaha kArya valabhI meM saMpanna huaa| pUrvokta. donoM vAcanAoM ke samaya likhe gae AgamoM ke atirikta anya prakaraNa-grantha bhI likhe ge| donoM vAcanAoM ke siddhAMtoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA aura jo mahattvapUrNa bheda the unheM vAcanA-bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| ina bhedoM kA ullekha Agama ke vyAkhyA-graMthoM meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| pratikriyA AgamoM ke lipibaddha hone ke uparAnta bhI eka vicAradhArA aisI rahI ki sAdhu pustaka likha nahIM sakate aura apane sAtha rakha' bhI nahIM skte| pustaka likhane aura rakhane meM doSa batAte hue likhA 1. akSara likhane meM kunthu Adi trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, isalie pustaka likhanA saMyama-virAdhanA kA hetu hai| 2. pustakoM ko grAmAntara le jAte hue kandhe chila jAte haiM,

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82 vraNa ho jAte haiM / 3. unake chedoM kI ThIka taraha' paDilehanA' nahIM ho sakatI / mArga meM bhAra bar3ha jAtA hai / 4. 5. ve kunthu Adi jIvoM ke Azraya hone ke kAraNa adhikaraNa 'haiM athavA cora Adi se curAe jAne para adhikaraNa ho jAte haiM / 6. tIrthaMkaroM ne pustaka nAmaka upadhi rakhane kI AjJA nahIM dI jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 7. unake pAsa meM hote hue sUtra - guNana meM pramAda hotA haiAdi-Adi / sAdhu jitanI bAra pustakoM ko bAMdhate haiM, kholate haiM aura akSara likhate haiM unheM utane hI caturlaghukoM kA daNDa AtA hai aura AjJAlopa Adi doSa lagate haiM / AcAryazrI bhikSu ke samaya meM bhI aisI vicAradhArA thI / unhoMne isakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai / aMga aura upAMga tathA cheda aura mUla digambara - sAhitya meM AgamoM ke do hI vibhAga milate haiMaMga-praviSTa aura aMga - bAhya / zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI mUla vibhAga yahI rahA / sthAnAMga, nandI Adi meM yahI milatA hai / Agama- viccheda kAla meM pUrvoM aura aMgoM ke niryUhaNa aura zeSAMza rahe, unheM pRthak saMjJAeM milIM / Agama-puruSa 'kI kalpanA huI, taba aMga-praviSTa ko usake aMgasthAnIya aura bAraha sUtroM ko upAMga-sthAnIya mAnA gayA / puruSa ke jaise do paira, do jaMghAeM, do uru, do gAtrArdha, do bAhu, grIvA aura sira-ye bAraha aMga hote haiM, vaise hI zrutapuruSa ke AcAra Adi bAraha aMga hote haiM / isalie ye aMga-praviSTa kahalAte haiM / kAna, nAka, AMkha, jaMghA, hAtha aura paira ye upAMga haiM / zrutapuruSa ke bhI aupapAtika Adi bAraha upAMga haiM / bAraha aMgoM aura unake upAMgoM kI vyavasthA isa prakAra hai : aGga AcAra sUtrakRt sthAna samavAya upAMga aupapAtika rAjapraznIya jIvAbhigama prajJApanA

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jaina sAhitya sUrya prajJapti jambUdvIpaprajJapti candraprajJapti kalpakA kalpAvataMsikA puSpikA puSpacUlikA vRSNidazA bhagavatI jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRtadazA anuttaropapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka dRSTivAda dazavekAlika aura uttarAdhyayana- ye do mUla sUtra mAne jAte haiM / nandI aura anuyogadvAra - ye do cUlikA sUtra haiM / vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, nizItha aura dazAzrutaskandha-- ye cAra cheda sUtra haiM / isa prakAra aMga bAhya zruta kI samaya-samaya para vibhinna rUpoM yojanA huI hai / AgamoM kA vartamAna saMskaraNa devaddhigaNI kA hai / aMgoM ke kartA gaNadhara haiM / aMga bAhya zruta ke kartA sthavira haiM / una sabakA saMkalana aura sampAdana karane vAle devaddhigaNI haiM / isalie ve AgamoM ke vartamAna rUpa ke karttA bhI mAne jAte haiM / Agama kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA prArambha niyukti se hotA hai aura vaha 'stabaka' aura 'jor3oM' taka calatA hai / niryuktiyAM aura niyuktikAra dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne dasa niyuktiyAM likhIM : 1. Avazyaka - niyukti 2. dazavekAlika - nirmukti 3. uttarAdhyayana-niryukti 4. AcArAMga - niyukti 5. sUtrakRtAMga-niryukti 83 6. dazAzrutaskandha-niryukti 7. bRhatkalpa niryakti 8. vyavahAra-niryukti C. sUryaprajJapti-niryukti 10. RSibhASita-niryukti inakA racanAkAla vIra - nirvANa kI pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI hai / bRhatkalpa kI niyukti bhASya - mizrita avasthA meM milatI hai / vyavahAra - niyukti bhI bhASya meM milI huI hai / sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita - ye donoM niyuktiyAM anupalabdha haiM / kucha niryuktiyAM mUla niryuktiyoM kI pUraka haiM, jaise : -

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84 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa mUla pUraka 1. Avazyaka-niyukti ogha-niyukti 2. dazavaikAlika-niyukti piNDa-niyukti 3. bRhatkalpa-niyukti paMcakalpa-niyukti 4. AcArAMga-niyukti nizItha-niyukti inakI bhASA prAkRta hai| inameM saMkSipta zailI ke AdhAra para aneka viSaya aura pAribhASika zabda pratipAdita haiN| ye bhASya aura carNiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta haiN| ye padyabaddha vyAkhyAeM haiN| bhASya aura bhASyakAra AgamoM aura niyuktiyoM ke Azaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie bhASya likhe gae / aba taka dasa bhASya upalabdha haiM : 1. Avazyaka-bhASya 6. vyavahAra-bhASya 2. dazavaikAlika-bhASya 7. nizItha-bhASya 3. uttarAdhyayana-bhASya 8. jItakalpa-bhASya 4. bRhatkalpa-bhASya 6. oghaniyukti-bhASya 5. paMcakalpa-bhASya 10. piNDaniyukti-bhASya inameM bRhatkalpa aura oghaniyukti para do-do bhASya milate haiM- laghubhASya aura bRhadbhASya / inakI bhASA prAkRta hai| ye bhI padyabaddha haiN| vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya aura jItakalpa-bhASya-ye AcArya jinabhadragaNI [vi0 sAtavIM zatAbdI] kI racanAeM haiN| bRhadkalpa-laghu-bhASya aura paMcakalpa-mahAbhASya-ye saMghadAsagaNI [vi0 chaThI zatAbdI] kI racanAeM haiN| cUNiyAM aura cUNikAra cUrNiyAM gadyAtmaka haiM / inakI bhASA prAkRta yA saMskRta-mizrita prAkRta hai| nimna Agama-graMthoM para cUrNiyAM milatI haiM : 1. Avazyaka 7. sUtrakRtAMga 2. dazavakAlika 8. nizItha 3. nandI 6. vyavahAra 4. anuyogadvAra 10. dazAzru taskandha 5. uttarAdhyayana 11. bRhatkalpa 6. AcArAMga 12. jIvAbhigama

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jaina sAhitya 85 16. paMcakalpa 13. bhagavatI 14. mahA-nizItha 17. oghaniyukti 15. jItakalpa prathama ATha cUNiyoM ke kartA jinadAsamahattara haiN| inakA jIvanakAla vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI hai| jItakalpa-cUrNI ke kartA siddhasenasUri haiN| unakA jIvana-kAla vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| bRhatkalpa cUrNI pralambasUri kI kRti hai| zeSa cUrNikAroM ke viSaya meM abhI jAnakArI nahIM mila rahI hai| dazavaikAlika kI eka cUNi aura hai / usake kartA haiM-agastyasiMha muni / TIkAeM aura TIkAkAra AgamoM ke prathama saMskRta-TIkAkAra haribhadrasUri haiN| unhoMne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, naMdI, anuyogadvAra, jambUdvIpa-prajJapti aura jIvAbhigama-ina AgamoM para TIkAeM likhiiN| vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM umAsvAti ne jaina paramparA meM jo saMskRta-vAGmaya kA dvAra kholA, vaha aba vistRta hone lgaa| zIlAMkasUri ne AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga para TIkAeM likhiiN| zeSa nau aMgoM ke TIkAkAra haiM-abhayadevasari / anuyogadvAra para maladhArI hemacandra kI TIkA hai| nandI, prajJApanA, vyavahAra, caMdraprajJapti, jovAbhigama, Avazyaka, bahatkalpa, rAjapraznIya Adi ke TIkAkAra malayagiri haiN| Agama-sAhitya kI samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha nyAyazAstra ke sAhitya kA bhI vikAsa haa| vaidika aura bauddha nyAyazAstriyoM ne apane-apane tattvoM ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasakara janatA ke sammukha rakhane kA yatna kiyA taba jaina nyAyazAstrI bhI isa ora mudd'e| vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM nyAya kA jo nayA srota bahA, vaha bArahavIM zatAbdI meM bahuta vyApaka ho gyaa| ___ aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM nyAyazAstriyoM kI gati kucha zithila ho gii| Agama ke vyAkhyAkAroM kI paramparA Age bhI clii| vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM pArvacandrasUri tathA sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke dharmasI muni ne gujarAtI-rAjasthAnImizrita bhASA meM AgamoM para stabaka likhe| vikrama kI unnIsavIM sadI meM zrImad bhikSusvAmI aura jayAcArya Agama ke yazasvI

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vyAkhyAtA hue / zrImad bhikSu svAmI ne Agama ke saikar3oM durUha sthaloM para prakIrNa vyAkhyAeM likhI haiM / jayAcArya ne AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha, jJAtA, prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana [ 27 adhyayana ] aura bhagavatI sUtra para padyAtmaka vyAkhyA likhI / unhoMne AcArAMga [ dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ] para vArtika likhA / 86 isa prakAra jaina sAhitya Agama, Agama vyAkhyA sAhitya aura nyAya sAhitya se bahuta hI samRddha hai / inake AdhAra para hI hama jaina darzana ke hRdaya ko chUne kA yatna kareMge / paravartI prAkRta-sAhitya Agama- lopa ke pazcAt digambara- paramparA meM jo sAhitya racA gayA, usameM sarvopari mahattva SaT khaNDAgama aura kaSAya- prAbhRta kA hai / pUrvoM aura aMgoM ke bace-khuce aMzoM ke lupta hone kA prasaMga AyA taba AcArya dharasena [vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI ] ne bhUtabali aura puSyadanta nAmaka do sAdhuoM ko zrutAbhyAsa kraayaa| ina donoM ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI / lagabhaga isI samaya meM AcArya guNadhara hue / unhoMne kaSAya- prAbhRta rcaa| ye pUrvoM ke zeSAMza haiM / isalie inheM pUrvo se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai / ina para prAcIna kaI TIkAeM likhI gaI haiM / ve upalabdha nahIM haiM / jo TIkA vartamAna meM upalabdha hai, vaha AcArya vIrasena kI hai / inhoMne vikrama samvat 873 meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI 72,000 zloka pramANa dhavalA TIkA likhI / kaSAya- pAhur3a para 20,000 zloka - pramANa TIkA likhI / vaha pUrNa na ho sakI, bIca meM hI unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / use unhIM ke ziSya jinasenAcArya ne pUrNa kiyaa| usakI pUrti vikrama samvat 864 meM huI / usakA zeSa bhAga 40,000 zloka - pramANa aura likhA gayA / donoM ko milAkara isakA pramANa 60,000 zloka hotA hai / isakA nAma jaya dhavalA hai / yaha prAkRta aura saMskRta ke saMkrAMti - kAla kI racanA hai / isalie isameM donoM bhASAoM kA mizraNa hai / SaT khaNDa kA aMtima bhAga mahAbaMdha hai / isake racayitA AcArya bhUtabali haiM / yaha 41,000 zloka - pramANa hai / ina tInoM granthoM meM karma kA bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana hai / vikrama kI dUsarI zatI meM AcArya kundakunda hue / inhoMne

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87 jaina sAhitya adhyAtmavAda kA eka nayA srota pravAhita kiyaa| inakA jhukAva nizcaya-naya kI ora adhika thaa| pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAya-ye inakI pramukha racanAeM haiN| inameM AtmAnubhUti kI vANI Aja bhI unake antar-darzana kI sAkSI hai| _ vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya nemicandra cakravartI hue| unhoMne gommaTasAra aura labdhisAra-kSapaNasAra-ina do granthoM kI racanA kI / ye bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| ye prAkRta-zaurasenI bhASA kI racanAeM haiN| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne madhyayuga meM jaina-mahArASTrI meM likhaa| vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM zivazarmasUri ne kammapayaDI, umAsvAti ne jambUdvIpa samAsa likhaa| vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM saMghadAsa kSamAzramaNa ne vasudevahiNDI nAmaka eka kathA-grantha likhA, isakA dUsarA khaNDa dharmasenagaNI ne likhaa| isameM vAsudeva ke paryaTana ke sAtha-sAtha aneka loka-kathAoM, caritroM, vividha vastroM, utsavoM aura vinoda-sAdhanoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jarmana vidvAna AlsaphorDa ne ise bRhatkathA ke samakakSa mAnA hai| vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa hue| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya inakI prasiddha kRti hai| yaha jainAgamoM kI carcAoM kA eka mahAn koSa hai| vizeSaNavatI, bRhat-saMgrahaNI aura bRhat-kSetrasamAsa bhI inake mahattvapUrNa grantha haiN| haribhadrasUri vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke vidvAn AcArya haiN| 'samarAicca-kahA' inakA prasiddha kathA-grantha hai / saMskRta-yuga meM bhI prAkRta-bhASA meM racanA kA krama calatA rahA hai| ___madhyakAla meM nimitta, gaNita, jyotiSa, sAmudrika-zAstra, Ayurveda, mantravidyA, svapna-vidyA, zilpa-zAstra, vyAkaraNa, chanda, koza Adi viSayaka aneka grantha likhe gae haiN| saMskRta sAhitya viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke anubhava, unakI saMgrahAtmaka nidhi, sAhitya aura usakA AdhAra bhASA-ye tInoM cIjeM tattvoM kI saMvAhaka hotI haiN| sUraja, havA aura AkAza kI taraha ye tInoM cIjeM sabake lie samAna haiN| yaha eka aisI bhUmikA hai, jahAM para sampradAyika, sAmAjika aura jAtIya yA isI prakAra ke dUsare

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa dUsare saba bheda miTa jAte haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya kI samRddhi ke lie kisane prayAsa kiyA yA kisane nahIM kiyA-yaha vicAra koI mahattva nahIM rkhtaa| vAGmayasaritA sadA abheda kI bhUmi meM bahatI hai| phira bhI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika kI tripatha-gAminI vicAradhArAeM haiN| ve tripathagA [gaMgA] kI taraha lambe arase taka bahI haiN| ... prAcIna vaidikAcAryoM ne apane sArabhUta anubhavoM ko vaidika saMskRta meM rkhaa| jainoM ne ardha-mAgadhI bhASA aura bauddhoM ne pAli bhASA ke mAdhyama se apane vicAra prastuta kie| isake bAda meM ina tInoM dharmoM ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne jo sAhitya banAyA, vaha laukika [vartamAna meM pracalita] saMskRta ko pallavita karane vAlA hI hai| laukika saMskRta meM likhane ke sambandha meM kisane pahala kI aura kauna pIche se likhane lagA, yaha prazna ho sakatA hai kintu grantha kisane kama race aura kisane adhika race-yaha kahanA kaThina hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta-ye donoM zreSTha bhASAeM haiM aura RSiyoM kI bhASAeM haiN| isa taraha Agama-praNetAoM ne saMskRta prAkRta kI samakakSatA svIkAra karake saMskRta kA adhyayana karane ke lie jainoM kA mArga prazasta kara diyaa| __ saMskRta bhASA tAkikoM ke tIkhe tarka-bANoM ke lie tUNIra bana cukI thii| isalie isa bhASA kA adhyayana na karane vAloM ke lie apane vicAroM kI surakSA khatare meM thii| ataH sabhI dArzanika saMskRta bhASA ko apanAne ke lie tejI se pahala karane lge| - jainAcArya bhI isa daur3a meM pIche nahIM rahe / ve samaya kI gati ko pahacAnane vAle the, isalie unakI pratibhA isa aura camakI aura svayaM isa ora mudd'e| unhoMne pahale hI caraNa meM prAkRta bhASA kI taraha saMskRta bhASA para bhI adhikAra jamA liyaa| prAdezika-sAhitya I0 pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM jaina dharma kA astitva dakSiNa bhArata meM thaa| I0 pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata meM ge| samrAT candragupta maurya bhI unake sAtha the| unake vahAM jAne se dharma bahuta prabhAvI ho gyaa|

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89 jaina sAhitya digambara-AcAryoM kA pramukha vihAra-kSetra dakSiNa bana gyaa| dakSiNa kI bhASAoM meM unhoMne vipula sAhitya rcaa|| kannar3a bhASA meM kavi 'ponna' kA zAntipurANa, 'paMpa' kA AdipurANa aura bhArata Aja bhI bejor3a mAnA jAtA hai| 'ratna' kA gadA-yuddha bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| IsA kI dasavIM zatI se solahavI zatI taka jaina maharSiyoM ne kAvya, vyAkaraNa, zabdakoza, jyotiSa, vaidyaka Adi vividha viSayoM para aneka graMtha likhe aura karNATaka saMskRti ko paryApta samRddha bnaayaa| dakSiNa bhArata kI pAMca drAvir3a-bhASAoM meM se kannar3a eka pramukha bhASA hai| usameM jainasAhitya aura sAhityakAra Aja bhI amara haiN| tamila bhI dakSiNa kI prasiddha bhASA hai| isakA jaina-sAhitya bhI bahata samRddha hai| isake pAMca mahAkAvyoM meM se tIna mahAkAvya cintAmaNi, silappaDikAram aura valaitApati- jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita haiM / 'nannola' tamila kA vizru ta vyAkaraNa hai| kurala aura nAladiyAra jaise mahAn grantha bhI jaina maharSiyoM kI kRtiyAM haiN| gujarAtI sAhitya uttara bhArata zvetAmbara-AcAryoM kA vihAra-kSetra rhaa| uttara bhArata kI bhASAoM meM digambara-sAhitya pracura hai, para zvetAmbara-sAhitya kI apekSA vaha kama hai| AcArya hemacandra ke samaya se gujarAta jaina-sAhitya aura saMskRti se prabhAvita rahA hai| AnandaghanajI, yazovijayajI Adi aneka yogiyoM aura maharSiyoM ne isa bhASA meM aneka racanAeM prastuta kii| rAjasthAnI sAhitya rAjasthAnI meM jaina-sAhitya vizAla hai| isa sahasrAbdI meM rAjasthAna jaina muniyoM kA pramukha vihAra-sthala rahA hai| yati, saMvigna, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI-sabhI ne rAjasthAnI meM likhA hai| rAsa aura caritoM kI saMkhyA pracura hai| pUjya jayamalajI kA pradezI rAjA kA caritra bahuta hI rocaka hai| kavi samayasundarajI kI racanAoM kA saMgraha agaracaMdajI nAhaTA ne abhI prakAzita kiyA hai| phuTakara DhAloM kA saMkalana kiyA jAe to itihAsa ko naI dizAeM mila sakatI haiN|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa rAjasthAnI bhASAoM kA srota prAkRta aura apabhraMza hai| kAla parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha dUsarI bhASAoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya tIna zailiyoM meM likhA gayA hai-1. jaina zailI, 2. cAraNI zailI, 3. laukika shailii| jaina-zailI ke lekhaka jaina-sAdhu aura yati athavA unase sambandha rakhane vAle loga haiN| isa meM prAcInatA kI jhalaka milatI hai| aneka prAcIna zabda aura muhAvare isameM Age taka cale Aye haiN| jainoM kA saMbaMdha gujarAta ke sAtha vizeSa rahA hai / ataH jainazailI meM gujarAta kA prabhAva bhI daSTigocara hotA hai| cAraNI zailI ke lekhaka pradhAnatayA cAraNa aura gauNa rUpa meM anyAnya loga haiN| jainoM, brAhmaNoM, rAjapUtoM, bhAToM Adi ne bhI isa zailI meM racanA kI hai| isameM bhI prAcInatA kI pUTa milatI hai para vaha jaina-zailI se bhinna prakAra kI hai| yadyapi jainoM kI apabhraMza racanAoM meM bhI, vizeSakara yuddha-varNana meM, usakA mUla dekhA jA sakatA hai| DiMgala vastutaH apabhraMza zailI kA hI vikasita rUpa hai / terApaMtha ke AcArya bhikSa ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM eka nayA srota bhaayaa| adhyAtma, anuzAsana, brahmacarya, dhArmika-samIkSA, rUpaka, loka-kathA aura apanI anubhUtiyoM se use vyApakatA kI ora le cle| unhoMne gadya bhI bahuta likhaa| unakI sArI racanAoM kA parimANa 38,000 zloka ke lagabhaga hai| mAravAr3I ke TheTha zabdoM meM likhanA aura manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karanA unakI apanI vizeSatA hai| unakI vANI kA srota krAnti aura zAnti-donoM dhArAoM meM bahA nava padArtha, vinIta-avinIta, vratAvrata, anukaMpA, zIla kI navavAr3a Adi unakI pramukha racanAeM haiN| terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya zrImajjayAcArya mahAkavi the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna lAkha zloka-pramANa gadyapadya likhe| unakI lekhanI meM pratibhA kA camatkAra thaa| ve sAhitya aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM aniruddha gati se cale / unakI saphalatA kA svataH pramANa unakI amara kRtiyAM haiM / unakA tattva-jJAna praur3ha thaa| zraddhA, tarka aura vyutpatti kI triveNI meM Aja bhI unakA hRdaya bola rahA

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jaina sAhitya hai| jina-vANI para unakI aTUTa zraddhA thii| vicAra-bheda kI duniyA ke lie ve tArkika the| sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA, saMskRti-ye unake vyutpatti-kSetra the / unakA sarvatomukho vyaktitva unake yuga-puruSa hone kI sAkSI bhara rahA hai| hindI sAhitya hindI kA Adi-srota apabhraMza hai| vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI se jaina vidvAn isa ora jhuke| terahavIM zatI meM AcArya hemacaMdra ne apane prasiddha vyAkaraNa siddha-hemazabdAnuzAsana meM isakA bhI vyAkaraNa likhaa| usameM udAharaNa-sthaloM meM aneka utkRSTa koTi ke dohe uddhRta kie haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara, donoM paraMparAoM ke manISI isI bhASA meM purANa, mahApurANa, stotra Adi likhate hI cale ge| mahAkavi svayambhU ne padmacarita likhaa| rAhulajI ke anusAra tulasI rAmAyaNa usase bahuta prabhAvita rahA hai / rAhulajI ne svayambhU ko vizva mahAkavi mAnA hai| caturmukhadeva, kavi raidhu, mahAkavi puSpadanta ke purANa apabhraMza meM haiN| yogIndra kA yogasAgara aura paramAtmaprakAza saMta-sAhitya ke pratIka-graMtha haiN| hindI ke naye-naye rUpoM ko jaina-sAhitya apanA yoga detA rhaa| pichalI cAra-pAMca zatAbdiyoM meM vaha yogadAna ullAsavardhaka nahIM rahA / isa zatAbdI meM phira jaina-samAja isa ora jAgarUka haiaisA pratIta ho rahA hai| aneka jaina AcArya, muni aura bahuzruta manISI nae-nae sAhitya kA sajana kara hindI sAhitya bhaMDAra ko bhara rahe haiM / terApaMtha ke AcAryazrI tulasI tathA aneka muniyoM ne isa dizA meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyA hai / jaina AgamoM meM hindI meM vyAkhyAyita karane kA unakA saMkalpa kriyAnvita ho rahA hai aura sAtha-sAtha sAmayika viSayoM para zatAdhika graMtha likhe jA cuke haiN| Aja bhI manISI muni isa ora gatizIla haiN| terApaMtha dvizatAbdI, kAlajanma zatAbdI tathA jayAcArya nirvANa zatAbdI ke upalakSa meM rAjasthAnI aura hindI bhASA ke aneka graMtha prakAzita hue haiN| jaina dhyAna-yoga kI vilupta paraMparA kA saMdhAna karane vAle aneka graMtha hindI meM prakAzastaMbha bana cuke haiN|

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jaina saMskRti vrata jaina saMskRti vrAtyoM kI saMskRti hai| vrAtya zabda kA mUla vrata hai| usakA artha hai-saMyama aura saMvara / vaha AtmA ke sAnnidhya aura bAhya jagat ke prati anAsakti kA sUcaka hai / vrata kA upajIvI tattva tapa hai| usake udbhava kA mUla jIvana kA samarpaNa hai| jaina paraMparA tapa ko ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrI aura kSamA ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ajJAnapUrNa tapa kA utanA hI virodha kiyA hai, jitanA ki jJAnapUrNa tapa kA samarthana / ahiMsA ke pAlana meM bAdhA na Ae, utanA tapa saba sAdhakoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| vizeSa tapa unhIM ke lie hai jisameM Atmabala yA daihika virAga tIvratama ho / nirgrantha zabda aparigraha aura jaina zabda kaSAya-vijaya kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra jaina-saMskRti AdhyAtmikatA, tyAga, sahiSNutA, ahiMsA, samanvaya, maitrI, kSamA, aparigraha aura Atmavijaya kI dhArAoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haI vibhinna yUgoM meM vibhinna nAmoM dvArA abhivyakta huI hai| eka zabda meM jaina-saMskRti kI AtmA utsarga hai| bAhya sthitiyoM meM jaya-parAjaya kI anavarata zRMkhalA calatI hai| vahAM parAjaya kA aMta nahIM hotA / usakA paryavasAna Atma-vijaya meM hotA hai| yaha nirdvandva sthiti hai / jaina-vicAradhArA kI bahumUlya dena saMyama hai| ___ sukha kA viyoga mata karo, duHkha kA saMyoga mata karo- sabake prati saMyama kro| 'sukha do aura duHkha miTAo,' kI bhAvanA meM Atma vijaya kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| duHkha miTAne kI vRtti aura zoSaNa, utpIr3ana tathA apaharaNa, sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| idhara zoSaNa aura udhara du.kha miTAne kI vatti-yaha ucca saMskRti nhiiN| sukha kA viyoga aura duHkha kA saMyoga mata karo-yaha bhAvanA Atma-vijaya kI pratIka hai| sukha kA viyoga kie binA zoSaNa

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jaina saMskRti 3 nahIM hotA, adhikAroM kA haraNa aura dvandva nahIM hotaa| sukha mata lUTo aura duHkha mata do-isa udAtta-bhAvanA meM Atma-vijaya kA svara jo hai, vaha hai hii| usake atirikta jagat kI naisargika svataMtratA kA bhI mahAn nirdeza hai| prANI apane adhikAroM meM ramaNazIla aura svataMtra hai, yahI unakI sahaja sukha kI sthiti hai| sAmAjika sukha-suvidhA ke lie isakI upekSA kI jAtI hai, kiMtu usa upekSA ko zAzvata satya samajhanA bhUla se pare nahIM hotaa| dasa prakAra kA saMyama, dasa prakAra kA saMvara aura dasa prakAra kA viramaNa hai, vaha saba svAtmomukhI vRtti hai, yA hai nivRtti, yA hai nivRtti-saMvalita prvRtti| dasa AzaMsA ke prayoga saMsAronmukhI vRtti hai / jaina-saMskRti meM pramukha vastu hai-'dRSTisampannatA' - samyak-darzana / saMsAronmukhI vRtti apano rekhA para aura AtmonmukhI vRtti apanI rekhA para avasthita rahatI hai, taba koI duvidhA nahIM hotI / avyavasthA taba hotI hai, jaba donoM kA mUlyAMkana eka hI dRSTi se kiyA jAe / saMsAronmukhI vRtti meM manuSya apane lie manuSyetara jIvoM ke jIvana kA adhikAra svIkAra nahIM krte| unake jIvana kA koI mUlya nahIM AMkate / duHkha miTAne aura sukhI banAne kI vRtti vyAvahArika hai, kiMtu kSudra bhAvanA, svArtha aura saMkucita vRttiyoM ko prazraya dene vAlI hai| AraMbha aura parigraha-ye vyakti ko dharma se dUra kie rahate haiM / bar3A vyakti apane hita ke lie choTe vyakti kI, bar3A rASTra apane hita ke lie choTe rASTra kI nirmama upekSA karate nahIM skucaataa| bar3e se bhI koI bar3A hotA hai aura choTe se bhI koI chottaa| bar3e dvArA apanI upekSA dekha choTA tilamilAtA hai, kintu choTe ke prati kaThora banate vaha kucha bhI nahIM soctaa| yahAM gatirodha hotA jaina vicAradhArA yahAM batAtI hai-duHkhanivartana aura sukha-dAna kI pravRtti ko samAja kI vivazatAtmaka apekSA samajho, use dhruva satya mAna mata clo| sukha mata lUTo, duHkha mata do-ise vikasita kro| isakA vikAsa hogA to 'duHkha miTAo, sukhI banAo' kI bhAvanA apane Apa pUrI hogI / duHkhI na banAne kI bhAvanA baDhegI

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa to duHkha apane Apa miTa jaaegaa| sukha na laTane kI bhAvanA dar3ha hogI to sukhI banAne kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hogI? __ saMkSepa meM tattva yaha hai-duHkha-sukha ko hI jIvana kA hrAsa aura vikAsa mata smjho| saMyama jIvana kA vikAsa hai aura asaMyama hrAsa / asaMyamI thor3oM ko vyAvahArika lAbha pahuMcA sakatA hai, kintu vaha chalanA, krUratA aura zoSaNa ko nahIM tyAga sktaa| saMyamI thor3oM kA vyAvahArika hita na sAdha sake, phira bhI vaha sabake prati nizchala, dayAlu aura zoSaNa-mukta rahatA hai / manuSya-jIvana ucca saMskArI bane, isake lie ucca vRttiyAM cAhie; jaise : 1. Arjava yA RjubhAva, jisase vizvAsa bddh'e| 2. mArdava yA dayAlutA, jisase maitrI bddh'e| 3. lAghava yA namratA, jisase sahRdayatA bddh'e| 4. kSamA yA sahiSNutA, jisase dhairya bddh'e| 5. zauca yA pavitratA, jisase ekatA bddh'e| 6. satya yA prAmANikatA, jisase nirbhayatA bddh'e| 7. mAdhyasthya yA AgrahahInatA, jisase satya-svIkAra kI __ zakti bddh'e| kintu ina sabako saMyama kI apekSA hai| 'eka hI sAdhai saba sadhai'-saMyama kI sAdhanA ho to saba sadha jAte haiM, nahIM to nhiiN| jaina vicAradhArA isa tathya ko pUrNatA kA madhya-bindu mAnakara calatI hai / ahiMsA isI kI upaja hai, jo 'jaina vicAraNA' kI sarvopari dena mAnI jAtI hai| ahiMsA aura mukti-zramaNa-saMskRti kI ye do aisI AlokarekhAeM haiM, jinase jIvana ke vAstavika mUlyoM ko dekhane kA avasara milatA hai| jaba jIvana kA dharma-ahiMsA yA kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura sAdhya --mukti yA svAtantrya bana jAtA hai, taba vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kI unnati roke nahIM ruktii| Aja kI pragati kI kalpanA ke sAtha ye do dhArAeM aura jur3a jAeM to sAmya AyegA-bhogaparaka nahIM, tyAgaparaka ; vRtti bar3hegI-dAnamaya nahIM, kintu agrahaNamaya; niyaMtraNa bar3hegA - dUsaroM kA nahIM, kintu apanA / ahiMsA kA vikAsa saMyama ke AdhAra para huA hai| jarmana

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jaina saMskRti vidvAn alabarTa svIjara ne apane graMtha 'iNDiyana thATa eNDa iTsa DevalapmenTa' meM isa tathya kA bar3I gambhIratA se pratipAdana kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra-'yadi ahiMsA ke upadeza kA AdhAra sacamuca hI karuNA hotI to yaha samajhanA kaThina ho jAtA ki usameM na mArane, kaSTa na dene kI hI sImAeM kaise baMdha sakI aura dUsaroM ko sahAyatA pradAna karane kI preraNA se vaha kaise vilaga raha sakI hai ? yaha dalIla ki saMnyAsa kI bhAvanA mArga meM bAdhaka banatI hai, satya kA mithyA AbhAsa mAtra hogaa| thor3I se thor3I karuNA bhI isa saMkucita sImA ke prati vidroha kara detI; paraMtu aisA kabhI nahIM huaa|' ataH ahiMsA kA upadeza karuNA kI bhAvanA se utpanna na hokara saMsAra se pavitra rahane kI bhAvanA para AdhRta hai| yaha mUlataH kArya ke AcaraNa se nahIM, adhikatara pUrNa banane ke AcaraNa se saMbaMdhita hai| yadi prAcIna kAla kA dhArmika bhAratIya jIvita prANiyoM ke sAtha samparka meM akArya ke siddhAnta kA dRr3hatApUrvaka anusaraNa karatA thA to vaha apane lAbha ke lie, na ki dUsare jIvoM ke prati karuNA ke bhAva se / usake lie hiMsA eka aisA kArya thA, jo vayaM thaa| ___ yaha saca hai ki ahiMsA ke upadeza meM sabhI jIvoM ke samAna svabhAva ko mAna liyA gayA hai parantu isakA AvirbhAva karuNA se nahIM huA hai| bhAratIya saMnyAsa meM akarma kA sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hI isakA kAraNa hai| 'ahiMsA svatantra na hokara karuNA kI bhAvanA kI anuyAyI honI caahie| isa prakAra use vAstavikatA se vyAvahArika vivecana ke kSetra meM padArpaNa karanA caahie| naitikatA ke prati zuddha bhakti usake antargata vartamAna musIbatoM kA sAmanA karane kI tatparatA se prakaTa hotI hai|' 'para phira kahanA par3atA hai ki bhAratIya vicAradhArA hiMsA na karanA aura kisI ko kSati na pahuMcAnA, aisA hI kahatI rahI hai, tabhI vaha zatAbdI gujara jAne para bhI ucca naitika vicAra kI acchI taraha rakSA kara sakI jo isake sAtha sammilita hai|' 'jaina-dharma meM sarvaprathama bhAratIya saMnyAsa ne AcAragata vizeSatA prApta kii| jaina-dharma mUla se hI nahIM mArane aura kaSTa na dene

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ke upadeza ko mahattva detA hai jabaki upaniSadoM meM ise mAno prasaMgavaza kaha diyA gayA hai / sAdhAraNataH yaha kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai ki yajJoM meM jinakA niyamita kArya thA pazu-hatyA karanA, una brAhmaNoM meM hatyA na karane kA vicAra kaise uThA hogA? brAhmaNoM ne ahiMsA kA upadeza jainoM se grahaNa kiyA hogA, isa vicAra kI ora saMketa karane ke paryApta kAraNa haiN|' 'hatyA na karane aura kaSTa na pahuMcAne ke upadeza kI sthApanA mAnava ke AdhyAtmika itihAsa meM mahAnatama avasaroM meM se eka hai| jagat aura jIvana ke prati anAsakti aura kArya-tyAga ke siddhAnta se prArambha hokara prAcIna bhAratIya vicAradhArA isa mahAn khoja taka pahuMca jAtI hai, jahAM AcAra kI utanI adhika unnati nahIM ho sakI thii| merA jahAM taka jJAna hai, jaina-dharma meM hI isakI prathama spaSTa abhivyakti huii|' sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki jaina-saMskRti nirAzAvAda yA palAyanavAda kI pratIka hai| kintu yaha cintana pUrNa nahIM hai| jainasaMskRti kA mUla tattvavAda hai| kalpanAvAda meM korI AzA hotI hai| tattvavAda meM AzA aura nirAzA kA yathArtha aMkana hotA hai / Rgveda ke gItoM meM vartamAna bhAvanA AzAvAdI hai / usakA kAraNa tattva ciMtana kI alpatA hai / jahAM ciMtana kI gaharAI hai vahAM viSAda kI chAyA pAyI jAtI hai| uSA ko sambodhita kara kahA gayA hai ki vaha manuSyajIvana ko kSINa karatI hai| ullAsa aura viSAda vizva ke yathArtha rUpa haiN| samAja yA vartamAna ke jIvana kI bhUmikA meM kevala ullAsa kI kalpanA hotI hai| kintu jaba ananta atIta aura bhaviSya ke garbha meM manuSya kA ciMtana gatizola hotA hai, samAja ke kRtrima bandhana se unmukta ho jaba manuSya 'vyakti' svarUpa kI ora dRSTi DAlatA hai, korI kalpanA se prasUta AzA ke antarikSa se utara vaha padArtha kI bhUmi para calA jAtA hai, samAja aura vartamAna kI vedI para khar3e loga kahate haiM- yaha nirAzA hai, palAyana hai / tattva-darzana kI bhUmikA meM se nihArane vAle loga kahate haiM ki yaha vAstavika Ananda kI ora prayANa hai / pUrva aupaniSadika vicAradhArA ke samarthakoM ko brahmaviS [veda se ghRNA karane vAle aura devaninda [devatAoM kI nindA karane vAle] kahA gyaa| bhagavAn pArzva usI paramparA ke aitihAsika

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jaina saMskRti vyakti haiN| inakA samaya hameM usa kAla meM le jAtA hai jaba brAhmaNagraMthoM kA nirmANa ho rahA thaa| jise palAyanavAda kahA gayA usase upaniSad-sAhitya mukta nahIM rhaa| parigraha ke lie sAmAjika prANI kAmanAeM karate haiN| jaina upAsakoM kA kAmanA-sUtra hai : 1. kaba maiM alpa-mUlya evaM bahu-mUlya parigraha kA pratyAkhyAna kruuNgaa| 2. kaba maiM muNDa ho, gRhasthapana chor3a, sAdhuvrata svIkAra kruuNgaa| 3. kaba maiM apazcima-mAraNAntika-saMlekhanA yAnI antima anazana meM zarIra ko jhoMsakara - juTAkara aura bhUmi para girI huI vRkSa kI DAlI kI taraha aDola rakhakara mRtyu kI abhilASA na karatA huA vicruuNgaa| jainAcArya dhArmika vicAra meM bahuta hI udAra rahe haiN| unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko kevala dhArmika netRtva diyaa| unheM parivartanazIla sAmAjika vyavasthA meM kabhI nahIM baaNdhaa| samAja-vyavasthA ko samAjazAstriyoM ke lie surakSita chor3a diyaa| dhArmika vicAroM ke ekatva kI daSTi se jaina-samAja hai kiMtu sAmAjika bandhanoM kI daSTi se jaina-samAja kA koI astitva nahIM hai / jainoM kI saMkhyA karor3oM se lAkhoM meM ho gaI, usakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai aura isa siddhAMtavAditA ke kAraNa vaha dharma ke vizuddha rUpa kI rakSA bhI kara sakA hai| jaina-saMskRti kA rUpa sadA vyApaka rahA hai| usakA dvAra sabake lie khulA rahA hai| usa vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA mUla asAMpradAyikatA aura jAtIyatA kA abhAva hai| vyavahAra-daSTi meM jainoM ke sampradAya haiN| para unhoMne dharma ko sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM baaNdhaa| ve jainasampradAyoM ko nahIM, jainatva ko mahattva dete haiN| jainatva kA artha haisamyak-darzana, samyak-cAritra kI ArAdhanA / inakI ArAdhanA karane vAlA anya sampradAya ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai, gRhastha ke veza meM bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| kalA kalA vizuddha sAmAjika tattva hai| usakA dharma yA darzana se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / para dharma jaba zAsana banatA hai, usakA anugamana

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18 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa karanevAlA samAja banatA hai, taba kalA bhI usake sahAre pallavita hotI hai| jaina-paraMparA meM kalA zabda bahuta hI vyApaka-artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane rAjyakAla meM puruSoM ke lie bahattara aura striyoM ke lie causaTha kalAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| TokAkAroM ne kalA kA artha vastu-parijJAna kiyA hai| isameM lekha gaNita, citra, natya, gAyana, yuddha, kAvya, vezabhUSA, sthApatya, pAka, manoraMjana Adi aneka parijJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| dharma bhI eka kalA hai / yaha jIvana kI sabase bar3I kalA hai| jIvana ke sArasya ko anubhUti karanevAle tapasviyoM ne kahA hai -- 'jo vyakti saba kalAoM meM pravara dharmakalA ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha bahattara kalAoM meM kuzala hote hue bhI akuzala hai|' jaina-dharma kA AtmapakSa dharma-kalA ke unnayana meM hI saMlagna rhaa| bahiraMga-pakSa sAmAjika hotA hai / samAja-vicAra ke sAtha-sAtha lalita kalA kA bhI vistAra huaa| citrakalA jaina-citrakalA kA zrI gaNeza tattva-prakAzana se hotA hai| guru apane ziSyoM ko vizva vyavasthA ke tattva sthApanA ke dvArA samajhAte haiN| sthApanA tadAkAra aura atadAkAra donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| tadAkAra sthApanA ke do prayojana haiM-tattva-prakAzana aura smRti / tattva-prakAzana-hetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra para citrakalA aura smRtihetuka sthApanA ke AdhAra para mUrtikalA kA vikAsa huaa| tAr3apatra aura pattoM para graMtha likhe gae aura unameM citra kiye ge| vikrama kI dUsarI sahasrAbdI meM hajAroM aisI pratiyAM likhI gaIM jo kalAtmaka citrAkRtiyoM ke kAraNa amUlya haiN| tAr3apatrIya yA patrIya pratiyoM ke paTThoM, cAturmAsika prArthanAoM, kalyANa-mandira, bhaktAmara Adi stotroM ke citroM ko dekhe binA madhyakAlIna citrakalA kA itihAsa adhUrA hI rahatA hai / ... yogI mArA giriguhA [rAmagar3ha kI pahAr3I, saragUjA] aura sitannavAsala [padukoTai rAjya] ke bhitti citra atyanta prAcIna aura citrakalA kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie jaina citrakalpadruma

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jaina saMskRti dekhanA cAhie / lipi - kalA akSara - vinyAsa bhI eka sukumAra kalA hai / jaina sAdhuoM ne ise bahuta hI vikasita kiyA / ve saundarya aura sUkSmatA - donoM dRSTiyoM se ise unnati ke zikhara taka le gae / pandraha sau varSa pahale likhane kA kArya prArambha huA aura vaha aba taka vikAsa pAtA rahA hai / lekhana kalA meM yatiyoM kA kauzala vizeSa rUpa se prasphuTita huA hai / terApaMtha ke sAdhuoM ne bhI isa kalA meM camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai / sUkSma lipi meM ye agraNI haiM / kaI muniyoM ne gyAraha iMca lambe aura pAMca iMca caur3e panne meM lagabhaga assI hajAra akSara likhe haiM / aise patra Aja taka apUrva mAne jAte rahe haiM / && mUrtikalA aura sthApatya kalA kAlakrama se jaina-paramparA meM pratimA-pUjana kA kArya prArambha huA / siddhAnta kI dRSTi se isameM do dhArAeM haiM / kucha jaina saMpradAya mUrti-pUjA karate haiM aura kucha nahIM karate / kintu kalA kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai / vartamAna meM sabase prAcIna jaina-mUrti paTanA ke lohanIpura sthAna se prApta huI hai / yaha mUrti mauryakAla kI mAnI jAtI hai aura paTanA myUjiyama meM rakhI huI hai / isakI camakadAra paoNliza abhI taka bhI jyoM kI tyoM banI hai| lAhaura, mathurA, lakhanaU, prayAga Adi ke myUjiyamoM meM bhI aneka jaina-mUrtiyAM maujUda haiN| inameM se kucha gupta - kAlIna haiM / zrI vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne likhA hai ki mathurA meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI eka mUrti milI hai jo kumAragupta ke samaya meM taiyAra kI gaI thI / vAstava meM mathurA meM jaina - mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta kAma huA hai / zrI rAyakRSNadAsa ne likhA hai ki mathurA kI zuMgakAlIna kalA mukhyataH jaina- sampradAya kI hai / ausfift aura udayagiri meM I0 pU0 188-30 taka kI zuMgakAlIna mUrti - zilpa ke adbhuta cAturya ke darzana hote haiM / vahAM para isa kAla kI kaTI huI sau ke lagabhaga jaina guphAeM haiM, jinameM mUrtizilpa bhI haiM / dakSiNa bhArata ke alagAmale nAmaka sthAna meM khudAI meM jaina - mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI haiM, unakA samaya I0 pU0 300-200 ke

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100 he 408 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa lagabhaga batAyA jAtA hai| una mUrtiyoM kI saumyAkRti drAvir3akalA meM anupama mAnI jAtI hai| zravaNa belagolA kI prasiddha jaina-mUrti to saMsAra kI adbhuta vastuoM meM se hai| yaha gomaTezvara bAhubalI kI satAvana phuTa [pAMca sau dhanuSya] UMcI mUrti eka hI patthara meM utkIrNa hai| isakI sthApanA rAjamalla nareza ke pradhAnamantrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ne I0 san 183 meM kI thii| yaha apane anupama saundarya aura adbhuta kAnti se pratyeka vyakti ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai| yaha vizva ko jaina-mUrtikalA kI anupama dena hai| madhya bhArata [vaDavAnI] meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI 84 phuTa UMcI mUrti eziyA kI sabase bar3I mUrti mAnI jAtI hai| maurya aura zuMga-kAla ke pazcAt bhAratIya mUrtikalA kI mukhya dhArAeM haiM : 1. gAMdhAra-kalA-jo uttara-pazcima meM pnpii| 2. mathurA-kalA-jo mathurA ke samIpavartI kSetroM meM vikasita huii| 3. amarAvatI kI kalA -jo kRSNA nadI ke taTa para pallavita huii| jaina mUrtikalA kA vikAsa mathurA-kalA se huaa| jaina sthApatya-kalA ke sarvAdhika prAcIna avazeSa udayagiri, khaNDagiri evaM jUnAgar3ha kI guphAoM meM milate haiN| uttaravartI sthApatya kI dRSTi se cittaur3a kA 'kIti-stambha', AbU ke mandira evaM rANakapura ke jaina mandiroM ke stambha bhAratIya zailI ke rakSaka rahe haiN| jaina-parva ___ parva atIta kI ghaTanAoM ke pratIka hote haiN| jainoM ke mukhya parva cAra haiM : 1. akSaya tRtIyA 2. paryuSaNa aura dasalakSaNa 3. mahAvIra jayantI 4. dIpAvalI akSaya tRtIyA kA sambandha Adya tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se hai| unhoMne vaizAkha sudI tRtIyA ke dina bAraha mahInoM kI tapasyA

Page #106
jaina saMskRti 101 kA ikSu-rasa se pAraNA kiyA / isalie vaha ikSu tRtIyA yA akSaya tRtIyA kahalAtA hai| paryuSaNa parva ArAdhanA kA parva hai| bhAdra badI 12 yA 13 se bhAdra sudI 4 yA 5 taka yaha parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM tapasyA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi Atmazodhaka pravRttiyoM kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isakA antima dina samvatsarI kahalAtA hai| varSa bhara kI bhUloM ke lie kSamA lenA aura kSamA denA isakI svayaMbhUta vizeSatA hai / yaha parva maitrI aura ujjvalatA kA saMdezavAhaka hai| digambara-paraMparA meM bhAdra zuklA paMcamI se caturdazI taka dasalakSaNa parva manAyA jAtA hai| isameM pratidina kSamA Adi dasa dharmoM meM se eka-eka dharma kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai, ise dasa lakSaNa parva kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra jayantI caitra zuklA 13 ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma divasa ke upalakSa meM manAI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se hai| kArtikI amAvasyA ko bhagavAna kA nirvANa huA thaa| usa samaya devoM aura rAjAoM ne prakAza kiyA thA usI kA anusaraNa dIpa jalAkara kiyA jAtA hai| dIpAvalI kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM zrIrAma tathA bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ke jo prasaMga haiM ve kevala janazruti para AdhArita haiM, kiMtu isa tyauhAra kA jo saMbaMdha jainiyoM se hai vaha itihAsa-sammata hai / prAcIna tama jaina graMthoM meM yaha bAta spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai ki kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri tathA amAvasyA ke dina prabhAta ke bIca sandhi-velA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thA tathA isa avasara para devoM tathA indroM ne dIpamAlikA sajAI thii| AcAya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM spaSTa zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki dIpAvalo kA mahotsava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI smati meM manAyA jAtA hai| dIpAvalI kI utpatti ke sambandha meM yahI prAcInatama pramANa hai| jaina dharma kA prabhAva kSetra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jaina dharma bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM phailA / samrATa azoka ke pautra saMprati ne jaina-dharma kA saMdeza bhArata

Page #107
102 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa se bAhara bhI phuNcaayaa| usa samaya jaina-muniyoM kA vihAra-kSetra bhI vistRta haa| zrI vizvambharanAtha pAMDe ne ahiMsaka-paramparA kI carcA karate hue likhA hai--"IsvI san kI pahalI zatAbdI meM aura usake bAda ke hajAra varSoM taka jaina-dharma madhyapUrva ke dezoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM yahUdI dharma, IsAI dharma aura islAma dharma ko prabhAvita karatA rahA hai|" prasiddha jarmana itihAsa-lekhaka bAna kremara ke anusAra madhyapUrva meM pracalita 'samAniyA' saMpradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai| itihAsa lekhaka jI0 epha0 mUra likhatA hai ki 'hajarata IsA ke janma kI zatAbdI se pUrva IrAka, syAma aura philastIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM phaile hue the|' 'siyAhata nAma e nAsira' kA lekhaka likhatA hai ki IslAma dharma ke kalandarI tabake para jaina-dharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thA / kalandara cAra niyamoM kA pAlana karate the---sAdhatA, zaddhatA, satyatA aura daridratA / ve ahiMsA para akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate the| jaina-dharma kA prasAra ahiMsA, zAMti maitrI aura saMyama kA prasAra thaa| isalie usa yuga ko bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNa yuga kahA jAtA hai / purAtattva-vid pI0sI0 rAya caudharI ke anusAra"yaha dharma dhIre-dhIre phailA, jisa prakAra IsAI-dharma kA pracAra yUropa meM dhIre-dhIre huaa| zreNika, kuNika, caMdragupta, saMprati khAravela tathA anya rAjAoM ne jaina-dharma ko apnaayaa| ve zatAbda bhArata ke hindUzAsana ke vaibhavapUrNa yuga the, jina yugoM meM jaina-dharma-sA mahAn dharma pracArita huaa|" ___ kabhI-kabhI eka vicAra prasphuTita hotA hai-jaina-dharma ke ahiMsA siddhAMta ne bhArata ko kAyara banA diyA, para yaha satya se bahuta dUra hai / ahiMsaka kabhI kAyara nahIM hotaa| yaha kAyaratA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa paratantratA hiMsA ke utkarSa se, ApasI vaimanasya se AyI aura taba AyI jaba jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se bhAratIya mAnasa dUra ho rahA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samAja ke jo naitika mUlya sthira kie unameM do bAteM sAmAjika rAjanaitika dRSTi se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa thiiN| 1. anAkramaNa-saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga / 2. icchA parimANa-parigraha kA sImAkaraNa /

Page #108
jaina saMskRti yaha lokataMtra yA samAjavAda kA pradhAna sUtra hai| vArANasI saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke upakulapati zrI AdityanAtha jhA ne isa tathya ko ina zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai-"bhAratIya jIvana meM prajJA aura cAritra kA samanvaya jaina aura bauddhoM kI vizeSa dena hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra satya-mArga paramparA kA aMdhAnusaraNa nahIM hai, pratyuta tarka aura upapattiyoM se sammata tathA bauddhika rUpa se saMtulita dRSTikoNa hI satya-mArga hai / isa dRSTikoNa kI prApti taba saMbhava hai jaba mithyA vizvAsa pUrNataH dUra ho jAya / isa bauddhika AdhAra-zilA para hI ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha ke bala se samyaka cAritra ko pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina-dharma kA AcArazAstra bhI janataMtravAdI bhAvanAoM se anuprANita hai| janmataH sabhI vyakti samAna haiM aura pratyeka vyakti apanI sAmarthya aura ruci ke anusAra gRhastha yA muni ho sakatA hai| aparigraha saMbaMdhI jaina dhAraNA bhI vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai| Aja isa bAta para adhikAdhika bala dene kI AvazyakatA hai, jaisA ki prAcIna kAla ke jaina vicArakoM ne kiyA thA / 'parimita parigraha'- unakA Adarza vAkya thaa| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra parimita parigraha kA siddhAMta pratyeka gRhastha ke lie anivArya rUpa se AcaraNIya thaa| sambhavataH bhAratIya AkAza meM samAjavAdI samAja ke vicArakoM kA yaha prathama udghoSa thaa|" pratyeka AtmA meM anaMta zakti ke vikAsa kI kSamatA, Atmika samAnatA, kSamA, maitrI, vicAroM kA anAgraha Adi ke bIja jaina-dharma ne hI boye the / mahAtmA gAMdhI kA nimitta pA, Aja ve kevala bhArata ke hI nahIM, vizva kI rAjanIti ke kSetra meM pallavita ho rahe haiM / ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi aura vihArabhUmi vihAra thaa| isalie mahAvIra kAlIna jaina-dharma pahale vihAra meM pallavita huaa| kAlakrama se vaha baMgAla, ur3IsA, uttara bhArata, dakSiNa bhArata, gujarAta mahArASTra, madhyaprAMta aura rAjapUtAnA meM phailaa| vikrama kI sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt zaiva, liMgAyata. vaiSNava Adi vaidika sampradAyoM ke prabala virodha ke kAraNa jaina-dharma kA prabhAva sImita ho gyaa| anuyAyiyoM kI alpa saMkhyA hone para bhI jaina-dharma kA saiddhAntika prabhAva bhAratIya cetanA para vyApta rhaa|

Page #109
104 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bIca-bIca meM prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya use ubuddha karate rhe| vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta kA vAtAvaraNa jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| gUrjara-nareza jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ne jaina-dharma ko bahuta hI prazraya diyA aura kumArapAla kA jIvana jaina-AcAra kA pratIka bana gayA thaa| samrATa akabara bhI hIravijayasUri se prabhAvita the / amerikI dArzanika vilayarenTa ne likhA hai--"akabara ne jainoM ke kahane para zikAra chor3a diyA thA aura kucha niyata tithiyoM para pazahatyAeM roka dI thiiN| jaina-dharma ke prabhAva se hI akabara ne apane dvArA pracArita dIne-ilAhI nAmaka sampradAya meM mAMsa-bhakSaNa ke niSedha kA niyama rakhA thaa|" jaina maMtrI, daNDanAyaka aura adhikAriyoM ke jIvana-vRtta bahuta hI vistRta haiM / ve vidharmI rAjAoM ke lie bhI vizvAsapAtra rahe haiM / unakI prAmANikatA aura karttavyaniSThA kI vyApaka pratiSThA thii| jainatva kA aMkana padArthoM se nahIM, kiMtu cAritrika mUlyoM se hI ho sakatA hai| jana rAjA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM bhArata meM gaNatantra aura rAjatantra donoM prakAra kI zAsana-praNAliyAM pracalita thIM / aneka rAje mahAvIra ke bhakta the| aneka rAje jaina paramparA meM dIkSita hue| zreNika, koNika, udAyi Adi rAjAoM ke pazcAt naMda rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| naMdoM ke uttarAdhikArI rAjA jaina dharma ke prazraya dAtA rahe haiN| candragupta maurya dar3ha jaina thaa| vaha AcArya bhadrabAha ke sAtha dakSiNa gayA aura dakSiNa bhArata meM karnATaka pradeza kI 'candragiri' pahAr3I para samAdhipUrNa maraNa prApta kiyaa| samrATa azoka kA putra kuNAla jaina dharmAvalambI thA / vaha ujjayinI pradeza kA rAjyapAla thaa| kuNAla ke putra saMprati ne jaina dharma ke vistAra ke lie bahuta prayatna kiyaa| ur3IsA meM lagabhaga sAta zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharma kA prabhutva rahA / isa prakAra IsA pUrva kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI se IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka aneka sthAnoM para jaina rAje, jaina mantrI, jaina koTapAla, jaina koSAdhyakSa Adi the / dakSiNa bhArata meM lagabhaga hajAra

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jaina saMskRti varSa taka jaina zAsakoM kA prabhutva rahA / mahArAja khAravela kI khAravela kA janma lagabhaga I0 pU0 160 meM huA / pandraha varSa Ayu meM unheM yuvarAja pada prApta huA / 24 varSa kI Ayu meM unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / unhoMne lagabhaga 13 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| Age kA itihAsa vizvasta rUpa se prApta nahIM hotA / 1 ye kaliMga [ ur3IsA ] ke samartha zAsaka the / inakA vaMza 'ceti' thA / usane parAkrama se aneka dezoM ko jItakara apane rAjya meM milAyA ; rAjya prApti ke terahaveM varSa meM zrAvaka vrata svIkAra kie / inhoMne kevala teraha varSa taka rAjya kiyA, kintu kaliMga kA prabhAva sAre bhArata para vyApaka ho gayA / zeSa jIvana inhoMne dharmArAdhanA meM bitAyA / inakA itihAsa - prasiddha hAthIgumphA zilAlekha ur3IsA pradeza purI jile meM sthita bhuvanezvara se tIna mIla kI dUrI para udayagiri parvata para bane hue hAthIgumphA maMdira ke mukha evaM chata para utkIrNa hai / isakI tithi I0 pU0 152 hai / isakA prAraMbha arhatoM aura siddhoM kI vaMdanA se hotA hai / 105 I0 30 pU0 153 meM kumArI parvata para inhoMne jaina muniyoM kA mahA sammelana kiyA aura usameM dvAdazAMgI zruta ke uddhAra ke lie prayatna kiyA / mahArAja samprati mahArAja azoka kA putra kuNAla 'aMdhA' ho gayA thaa| usake putra kA nAma thA saMprati / vaha ujjainI kA sAmaMta thA / usane apane parAkrama se dakSiNApatha, saurASTra, AMdhra tathA drAvir3a dezoM para vijaya prApta kI thI / usane apane adhInastha rAjAoM ko jaina dharma kI vizeSatAoM se paricita karAyA aura jaina muniyoM ke vihAra kI dekharekha karane kA nirdeza diyaa| jaina muniyoM kA vihAra kSetra vistRta ho gayA / saMprati ke prayAsa se hI jaina muni AMdhra, dravir3a, mahArASTra Adi sImA sthita pradezoM meM jAne-Ane lage / usane I0 pU0 232 se 190 taka lagabhaga 42 varSa taka rAjya kiyA / AcArya suhastI usake dharmaguru the / lagabhaga 60 varSa kI Ayu meM usakI mRtyu huI / jaina dharma ke uddhAraka ke rUpa meM mahArAja saMprati kA nAma prasiddha hai /

Page #111
106 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bauddha dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie azoka ne jo kAma kiyA usase adhika saMprati ne jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie kiyA / samrAT samprati ko 'parama - Arhata' kahA gayA hai| unhoMne anArya-dezoM meM zramaNoM kA vihAra karavAyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM vihAra ke lie jo Arya-kSetra kI sImA thI, vaha samprati ke kAla meM bahuta vistRta ho gaI thI / sAr3he paccIsa dezoM kA AryakSetra mAnane kI bAta bhI sambhavataH samprati ke bAda hI sthira huI hogI / 1 samrAT samprati ko bhArata ke tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati kahA gayA hai / jayacaMdra vidyAlaMkAra ne likhA hai- " samprati ko ujjaina meM jaina AcArya suhastI ne apane dharma kI dIkSA dI / usake bAda samprati ne jaina-dharma ke lie vahI kAma kiyA jo azoka ne bauddha dharma ne lie kiyA thA / cAhe candragupta ke aura cAhe samprati ke samaya meM jaina-dharma kI buniyAda tAmila bhArata ke nae rAjyoM meM bhI jA jamI, isameM saMdeha nahIM / uttara-pazcima ke anArya dezoM meM bhI samprati ke samaya jaina - pracAraka bheje aura vahAM jaina sAdhuoM ke lie aneka vihAra sthApita kie gae / azoka aura samprati donoM ke kArya se Arya saMskRti eka vizva zakti bana gaI aura AryAvarta kA prabhAva bhAratavarSa kI sImAoM ke bAhara taka pahuMca gayA / azoka kI taraha usake putra ne bhI aneka imArateM bnvaaiiN| rAjapUtAnA kI kaI jainaracanAeM usake samaya kI kahI jAtI haiM / " kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki jo zilAlekha azoka ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, ve samrAT samprati likhavAe the| suprasiddha jyotirvida zrI sUryanArAyaNa vyAsa ne eka bahuta khojapUrNa lekha dvArA yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki samrAT azoka ke nAma ke lekha samrAT samprati ke haiM / samrAT azoka ne zilA lekha likhavAe hoM aura unhIM ke pautra tathA unhIM ke samAna dharma pracAra-premI samrAT samprati ne zilA lekha na likhavAe hoM, yaha kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| eka bAra phira sUkSma dRSTi se adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki azoka ke nAma se prasiddha zilAlekhoM meM kitane azoka ke haiM aura kitane saMprati ke ?

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jaina saMskRti 107. jaina-dharma : bhArata ke vividha aJcaloM meM bihAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM unakA dharma prajA ke atirikta aneka rAjAoM dvArA svIkRta thA / vajjiyoM ke zaktizAlI gaNatantra ke pramukha rAjA ceTaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zrAvaka the| ve pahale se hI jaina the| ve bhagavAna pArzva kI paramparA ko mAnya karate the| vajjI gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' thii| vahAM jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| __magadha samrAT zreNika prArambha meM buddha kA anuyAyI thaa| anAthI muni ke samparka meM Ane ke pazca t vaha nimrantha dharma kA anuyAyI ho gayA thaa| isakA vizada varNana uttarAdhyayana ke bIsaveM adhyayana meM hai / zreNika kI rAnI cellaNA ceTaka kI putrI thii| yaha zreNika ko nigraMtha dharma kA anuyAyI banAne kA satata prayatna karatI thIM aura aMta meM usakA prayatna saphala ho gyaa| magadha meM bhI jainadharma prabhAvazAlI thaa| zreNika kA putra kaNika bhI jaina thaa| jainaAgamoM meM mahAvIra aura kUNika ke aneka prasaMga haiN| magadha-zAsaka zizunAga-vaMza ke bAda naMda-vaMza kA rAjya baMbaI ke sUdUra dakSiNa godAvarI taka phailA haA thaa| usa samaya magadha aura kaliMga meM jaina-dharma kA prabhutva thA hI, paraMtu anyAnya pradezoM meM bhI usakA prabhutva bar3ha rahA thaa| ___ naMda-vaMza kI samApti huI aura magadha kI sAmrAjyazrI mauryavaMza ke hAtha meM aaii| usakA pahalA samrATa candragupta thaa| usane uttara-bhArata meM jaina-dharma kA bahuta vistAra kiyaa| pUrva aura pazcima bhI usase kAphI prabhAvita hue / samrAT candragupta apane aMtima jIvana meM muni bane aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAha ke sAtha dakSiNa meM gae the| caMdragupta ke putra biMdusAra aura unake putra azokazrI [samrATa azoka] he| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ve prAraMbha meM jaina the, apane paramparAgatadharma ke anuyAyI the aura bAda meM bauddha ho ge| ___azoka ke uttarAdhikArI unake pautra samprati the| kucha itihAsajJa unakA uttarAdhikArI unake putra kuNAla [samprati ke pitA] ko hI mAnate haiN| kiMtu kucha jaina lekhakoM ke anusAra kuNAla aMdhA ho gayA thA,

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08 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa salie usane apane putra samprati ke lie hI samrATa azoka se rAjya mAMgA thaa| gAla rAjanItika dRSTi se prAcIna kAla meM baMgAla kA bhAgya magadha ke sAtha jur3A huA thaa| naMdoM aura mauryoM ne gaMgA kI usa nicalI vATI para apanA svatva banAe rkhaa| kuSANoM ke samaya meM baMgAla unake zAsana se bAhara rahA, paraMtu guptoM ne usa para apanA adhikAra phira sthApita kiyA / gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke pazcAt baMgAla meM choTechoTe aneka rAjya uTha khar3e he| bhagavAn mahAvIra vajrabhUmi [vIra bhUmi] meM gae the| usa samaya vaha anArya-pradeza kahalAtA thaa| usase pUrva baMgAla meM bhagavAn pArzva kA hI dharma pracalita thaa| vahAM bauddha-dharma kA pracAra jaina-dharma ke bAda meM huaa| vaidika dharma kA praveza to vahAM bahuta bAda meM huA thaa| I0 sa0 186 meM rAjA AdisUra ne naitika dharma ke pracAra ke lie pAMca brAhmaNa nimaMtrita kie the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara zrI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu pauNDravardhana [uttarI baMgAla] ke pramukha nagara koTTapura ke somazarmA purohita ke putra the| unake ziSya sthavira godAsa se godAsa-gaNa kA pravartana huaa| usakI cAra zAkhAeM thIM tAmalittiyA, koDivarisiyA, puNDavaddhaNiyA [poMDavaddhaNiyA], daasiikhbbddiyaa| tAmalittiyA kA sambaMdha baMgAla kI mukhya rAjadhAnI tAmraliptI se hai| koDivarisiyA kA saMbaMdha rADha kI rAjadhAnI koTivarSa se hai| poMDavaddhaNiyA kA saMbaMdha pauMDa - uttarI baMgAla se hai| dAsIkhabbaDiyA kA saMbaMdha kharavaTa se hai| ina cAroM baMgAlI zAkhAoM se baMgAla meM jana-dharma ke sArvajanika prasAra kI samyak jAnakArI milatI hai| ur3IsA I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI meM ur3IsA meM jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| samrAT khAravela kA udayagiri parvata para hAthIgaMphA kA zilAlekha isakA svayaM pramANa hai / lekha kA prAraMbha--'namo arahaMtAnaM, namo sava-sidhAnaM'-isa vAkya se hotA hai /

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jaina saMskRti 103 uttara-pradeza bhagavAn pArzva vArANasI ke the| kAzI aura kauzala-ye donoM rAjya unake dharmopadeza se bahuta prabhAvita the / vArANasI kA alakSya rAjA bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita huA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM pravajita hone vAle rAjAoM kI sUcI meM kAzIrAja ke pravajita hone kA ullekha hai| rAjasthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt marusthala [vartamAna rAjasthAna] meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bar3ha gayA thaa| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri vIra-nirvANa kI pahalI zatAbdI meM upakeza yA osiyAM meM Ae the| unhoMne vahAM osiyAM ke savAlAkha nAgarikoM ko jaina-dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura unheM eka jaina-jAti [osavAla] ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| yaha ghaTanA vIranirvANa ke 70 varSa bAda ke AsapAsa kI hai / paMjAba aura sindhu-sauvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie cAroM dizAoM kI sImA nirdhArita kI, usameM pazcimI sImA 'sthUNA' [kurukSetra ] hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki paMjAba kA sthUNA taka kA bhAga jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| sAr3he paccIsa Arya-dezoM kI sUcI meM bhI kuru kA nAma hai| siMdhu-sauvIra dIrghakAla se zramaNa-saMskRti se prabhAvita thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra mahArAja udrAyaNa ko dIkSita karane vahAM padhAre hI the| madhya-pradeza bundelakhaNDa meM gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| Aja bhI vahAM usake aneka cihna milate haiN| rASTrakaTa-nareza jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI the| unakA kalacarinarezoM se gaharA saMbaMdha thaa| kalacuri kI rAjadhAnI tripurA aura ratnapura meM Aja bhI aneka prAcIna jaina-mUrtiyAM aura khaNDahara prApta candela rAjya ke pradhAna khujarAho nagara meM lekha tathA pratimAoM

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110 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ke adhyayana se jaina-mata ke pracAra kA jJAna hotA hai / pratimAoM kI AdhAra - zilA para khudA lekha yaha pramANita karatA hai ki rAjAoM ke atirikta sAdhAraNa janatA bhI jaina - mata meM vizvAsa rakhatI thI / mAlavA aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jaina-dharma kA pramukha pracAra kSetra thA / vyavahAra bhASya meM batAyA hai ki anya tIthikoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda mAlava Adi kSetroM meM karanA cAhie / isase jAnA jAtA hai ki pravantIpati caNDapradyota tathA vizeSataH samrAT samprati se lekara bhASya racanAkAla taka vahAM jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI thA / saurASTra-gujarAta saurASTra jaina-dharma kA pramukha kendra thA / bhagavAn ariSTanemi se vahAM jaina-paramparA cala rahI thI / samrAT samprati ke rAjyakAla meM vahAM jaina-dharma ko adhika bala milA thA / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi meM saurASTra-vAsI zrAvaka kA ullekha magadhavAsI zrAvaka kI tulanA meM kiyA gayA hai / jaina sAhitya meM 'saurASTra' kA prAcIna nAma 'surASTra' milatA hai / vallabhI meM zvetAmbara jainoM kI do-Agama-vAcanAeM huI thIM / IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM jaba AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM Agama-vAcanA ho rahI thI, usI samaya AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM vaha vallabhI meM ho rahI thii| IsA kI pAMcavI zatAbdI [ 454 ] meM phira vahIM AgamavAcanA ke lie eka pariSad Ayojita huI / usakA netRtva devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kiyA / unhoMne AcArya skandila kI ' mAthurIvAcanA' ko mukhyatA dI aura nAgArjuna kI vAcanAntara ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA / vallabhI - vAcanA' ko gujarAta ke cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, cAvaDa, solaMkI Adi rAjavaMzI bhI jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI yA samarthaka the / bambaI - mahArASTra samrAT samprati se pUrva jainoM kI dRSTi meM mahArASTra anAryadeza kI gaNanA meM thA / usake rAjakAla meM jaina sAdhu vahAM vihAra karane lage / uttaravartI - kAla meM vaha jainoM kA pramukha vihAra kSetra bana gayA thA / jaina AgamoM kI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta se bahuta prabhAvita hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA ke rUpa kA 'jaina mahArASTrI

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jaina saMskrati 'prAkRta' aisA nAma rakhA hai / IsA kI AThavIM nauvIM zatAbdI meM vidarbha para cAlukya rAjAoM kA zAsana thA / dasavIM zatAbdI meM vahAM rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kA zAsana thA / ye donoM rAjavaMza jaina-dharma ke poSaka the / unake zAsana kAla meM vahAM jaina dharma khUba phalA-phUlA / narmadA taTa narmadA taTa para jaina-dharma ke astitva ke ullekha purANoM meM milate haiM / vaidika AryoM se parAjita hokara jaina-dharma ke upAsaka asura loga narmadA ke taTa para rahane lge| kucha kAla bAda ve uttara bhArata meM phaila gae the / haihaya vaMza kI utpatti narmadA taTa para sthita mAhiSmatI ke rAjA kArtavIrya se mAnI jAtI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zramaNopAsaka ceTaka haihaya vaMza kA hI thA / 111 dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAvIra se pahale hI thA / jisa samaya dvArakA kA dahana huA thA, usa samaya bhagavAn ariSTanemi palhava deza meM the / vaha dakSiNApatha kA hI eka rAjya thA / uttara-bhArata meM jaba durbhikSa huA, taba bhadrabAhu dakSiNa meM ge| yaha koI Akasmika saMyoga nahIM, kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma ke samparka kA sUcana hai / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma sabase adhika zaktizAlI aura AkarSaka dharma thaa| pAMDya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, kalacUrI aura hoyasala vaMza ke aneka rAjA jaina the / pazcimI cAlukya vaMza ke zAsaka jaina-dharma ke saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the / rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA bhI jaina-dharma ko pallavita karane tathA usako saMrakSaNa dene meM agraNI rahe haiM / tamila deza ke cola vaMzIya zAsaka yadyapi jaina nahIM the, phira bhI unhoMne jaina-dharma ko paryApta sahayoga dekara usakA saMrakSaNa kiyA | kalacari vaMza ke saMsthApaka tribhuvanamalla vijjala [ 11561167] ke sabhI dAna-patroM meM jaina tIrthaMkara kA citra aMkita milatA hai / vaha svayaM jaina thA /

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112 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa maisUra ke hoyasala vaMza ke rAjA jaina the| vijayanagara ke rAjAoM kI jaina-dharma ke prati sahiSNutA rahI hai| unhoMne aneka sthAnoM para jaina mandira banavAe, mUrtiyAM sthApita kI aura jaina muniyoM ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| uttara bhArata meM bhI jaina dharma kA prabhutva banA rhaa| kabhI vaha kama ho jAtA aura kabhI bar3ha jaataa| kuSANa samrAToM ke zAsanakAla [I0 75-250] taka, vizeSakara mathurA janapada meM jaina-dharma unnata aura prabhAvazAlI rhaa| tIsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaba kuSANoM kI parAjaya huI taba jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bhI haTa gayA, kintu Agantuka bhadraka, arjunAyana Adi yuddhopajIvI gaNarAjya jainoM ke prati sahiSNu bane rahe / jaina muniyoM ke viharaNa meM koI bAdhA nahIM aaii| guptakAla kA prArambha lagabhaga I0 320 mAnA jAtA hai / gupta nareza yadyapi jaina nahIM the, phira bhI ve jaina-dharma ke prati-sahiSNu the| unakA varcasva chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya taka rhaa| kannauja kA pratApI samrATa harSavardhana [I0 606-647] kA vizeSa jhukAva jaina-dharma kI ora nahIM thA, phira bhI vaha jaina vidvAnoM kA samarthaka aura pratiSThApaka thaa| __ madhyayuga [12 vIM zatI ke anta se 18 vIM ke aMta taka meM musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa ke kAraNa sabhI dharma-paramparAoM ko prahAra sahane pdd'e| jaina dharma bhI usase achUtA nahIM rhaa| phira bhI uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka aMcaloM meM jaina-dharma ke zAsaka, jaina-dharma ke saMrakSaka yA jaina-dharma ke poSaka rAjA rAjya karate rahe aura yaha dharma janamAnasa ko ahiMsA, satya Adi zAzvata tattvoM kI ora AkRSTa karatA rhaa| videzoM meM jaina-dharma jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabha, pArzva aura mahAvIra ne anArya dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke eka zloka se anArya kA artha 'bhASA-bheda' bhI phalita hotA hai| isa artha kI chAyA meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki cAra tIrthaMkaroM ne una dezoM meM bhI vihAra kiyA, jinakI bhASA unake mukhya vihAra-kSetra kI bhASA se bhinna thii| bhagavAn RSabha ne bahalI [baikTyiA , balakha], aMDabaillA

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jaina saMskRti 113 [aTaka pradeza], yavana [yUnAna], suvarNabhUmi [sumAtrA] paNhava Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| paNhava kA sambandha prAcIna pArthiyA [vartamAna IrAna kA eka bhAga] se hai yA palhava se, yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhagavAn ariSTanemi dakSiNApatha ke malaya deza meM gae the| jaba dvArakA-dahana huA thA taba ariSTanemi palhava nAmaka anArya deza meM the| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kuru, kauzala, kAzI, sumha, avantI, puNDra, mAlava, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karNATaka, koMkaNa, mevAr3a, lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra kaccha, zAka, pallava, vatsa, AbhIra Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thA / dakSiNa meM karNATaka, koMkaNa, pallava, drAvir3a Adi usa samaya anArya mAne jAte the| zAka bhI anArya pradeza hai| isakI pahicAna zAkyadeza yA zAkya-dvIpa se ho sakatI hai| zAkya bhUmi nepAla kI upatyakA meM hai| vahAM bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAn buddha kA cAcA svayaM bhagavAn pArzva kA zrAvaka thaa| zAkya-pradeza meM bhagavAn kA vihAra huA ho, yaha bahuta sambhava hai| bhArata aura zAkya-pradeza kA bahata prAcIna-kAla se saMbandha rahA hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra vajrabhUmi, sumhabhUmi, dRDhabhUmi Adi aneka anArya-pradezoM meM gae the / ve baMgAla kI pUrvIya sImA taka bhI gae the| uttara-pazcima sImA prAMta evaM aphagAnistAna meM vipula saMkhyA meM jaina zramaNa vihAra karate the| jaina zrAvaka samudra pAra jAte the| unakI samudra-yAtrA aura videza-vyApAra ke aneka pramANa milate haiN| laMkA meM jaina zrAvaka the, isakA ullekha bauddha sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai| mahAvaMza ke anusAra I0 pU0 430 meM jaba anurAdhApura basA, taba jaina zrAvaka vahAM vidyamAna the| vahAM anurAdhApura ke rAjA pANDukAbhaya ne jyotiya niggaMTha ke lie ghara bnvaayaa| usI sthAna para giri nAmaka niggaMTha rahate the| rAjA pANDukAbhaya ne kumbhaNDa niggaMTha ke lie eka devAlaya banavAyA thaa| jaina zramaNa bhI sudUra dezoM taka vihAra karate the| I0 pU0 25 meM pANDya rAjA ne agasTas sIjara ke darabAra meM dUta bheje the| unake sAtha zramaNa bhI yUnAna gae the|

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114 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa IsA se pUrva IrAka, zAma aura philistIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha-bhikSu saiMkar3oM kI saMkhyA meM cAroM ora phaile hue the| pazcimI eziyA, mizra, yUnAna aura ithopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM una dinoM agaNita bhAratoya-sAdhu rahate the, jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidyA ke lie prasiddha the| ye sAdhu vastroM taka kA parityAga kie hue the| yUnAnI lekhaka misra, ebIsIniyA, ithyUpiyA meM digambara muniyoM kA astitva batAte haiM / Ardra deza kA rAjakumAra Ardra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM pravajita haA thaa| arabistAna ke dakSiNa meM 'eDana' baMdara vAle pradeza ko 'Ardra-deza' kahA jAtA thaa| kucha vidvAn iTalI ke eDiyATika samudra ke kinAre vAle pradeza ko Ardra-deza mAnate haiM / bebIloniyA meM jaina-dharma kA pracAra bauddha-dharma kA prasAra hone se pahale hI ho cukA thA isakI sUcanA bAveru-jAtaka se milatI hai| ibna-ana najIma ke anusAra araboM ke zAsana-kAla meM yahiyA ibna khAlida baramakI ne khalIphA ke darabAra aura bhArata ke sAtha atyanta gaharA saMbandha sthApita kiyaa| usane bar3e adhyavasAya aura Adara ke sAtha bhArata ke hindU, bauddha aura jaina-vidvAnoM ko nimaMtrita kiyaa| __ isa prakAra madhya eziyA meM jaina-dharma yA zramaNa-saMskRti kA kAphI prabhAva rahA thaa| usase vahAM ke dharma prabhAvita hue the| vAnakremara ke anusAra madhya-pUrva meM pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai| zrI vizvambharanAtha pANDe ne likhA hai- "ina sAdhaoM ke tyAga kA prabhAva yahadI dharmAvalambiyoM para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| ina AdarzoM kA pAlana karane vAloM kI, yahUdiyoM meM eka khAsa jamAta bana gaI, jo 'aisminI' kahalAtI thii| ina logoM ne yahUdI-dharma ke karmakANDoM kA pAlana tyAga diyaa| ye bastI se dUra jaMgaloM meM yA pahAr3oM para kUTI banAkara rahate the| jaina-muniyoM kI taraha ahiMsA ko apanA khAsa dharma mAnate the| mAMsa khAne se unheM behada paraheja thaa| ve kaThora aura saMyamI jIvana vyatIta karate the| paisA yA dhana ko chUne taka se inkAra karate the / rogiyoM aura durbaloM kI sahAyatA ko dinacaryA kA

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jaina saMskRti 115 Avazyaka aMga mAnate the| prema aura sevA ko pUjA-pATha se bar3hakara mAnate the / pazu-bali kA tIvra virodha karate the| zArIrika parizrama se hI jIvana-yApana karate the / aparigraha ke siddhAMta para vizvAsa karate the / samasta saMpatti ko samAja kI saMpatti samajhate the| misra meM inhIM tapasviyoM ko 'therApUte' kahA jAtA thaa| 'therApUte' kA artha 'maunIaparigrahI' hai|" kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi [sumAtrA] meM gae the| unake praziSya zramaNa sAgara apane gaNa sahita vahAM pahale hI vidyamAna the / kauMcadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa [laMkA] aura haMsadvIpa meM bhagavAn sumatinAtha kI pAdukAeM thiiN| pArakara deza aura kAsahRda meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI pratimA thii| Upara ke saMkSipta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMca sakate haiM ki jaina-dharma kA prasAra hindustAna ke bAhara dezoM meM bhI huA thaa| uttaravartI zramaNoM kI upekSA va anyAnya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vaha vahAM sthAyI nahIM raha skaa| jainoM ke kucha viziSTa sthala 1. AbU dakSiNI rAjasthAna ke sirohI jile ke antargata AbU kI ramaNIya pahAr3iyAM haiN| isakA prAcIna nAma arbuda hai| AbU jaina mandiroM ke lie prakhyAta hai| unameM do pramukha haiN| bhagavAn RSabha kA mandira solaMkI nareza ke mantrI vimalazAha ne IsavI san 1032 meM bnvaayaa| bhagavAn nemi ke mandira ke nirmAtA haiM vastupAla aura tejapAla / ye donoM sage bhAI the| inake pAsa apAra sampatti thii| inhoMne patthara ko utkIrNa karane vAle kArIgaroM ko, patthara se nikalane vAle Tukar3oM ke barAbara cAMdI dekara unakA utsAha bddh'aayaa| kArIgara patthara meM jIvana uMDelane meM tatpara hue aura Aja bhI yaha mandira apanI utkIrNa-kalA kA utkRSTa namUnA hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki isameM karor3oM rupaye kharca hue| isakA nirmANa san 1232 meM huaa| 2. sammeda zikhara yaha bihAra ke hajArIbAga jile kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai|

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa isakI pahacAna vartamAna pArasanAtha hila se kI jAtI hai| yaha pahAr3I IsarI sTezana se do mIla dUra hai| yahAM bIsa tIrthaMkara saMlekhanApUrvaka samAdhi-maraNa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue the| ise samAdhigiri, samidagiri bhI kahA jAtA hai| 3. zatrujaya saurASTra meM pAlItAnA sTezana se do mIla dUrI para eka parvatazRMkhalA hai| vaha zatrujaya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa pahAr3I para bhagavAn RSabha kA bhavya mandira hai| jaina tIrthoM meM yaha Adi tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma puNDarIka hai| prativarSa akSaya tRtIyA ke dina yahAM 'barasI tapa' kA pAraNA karane ke lie hajAroM tapasvI upAsaka-upAsikAeM aura anya hajAroM yAtrI Ate haiN| pahAr3a para car3hane ke lie bhavya sopAna-mArga hai| nagara bar3Ibar3I dharmazAlAoM se bharA par3A hai| yahAM saiMkar3oM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyAM haiM / mahArAja kumArapAla ne lAkhoM rupaye kharca kara yahAM ke mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA thaa| yahAM se aneka muni nirvANa ko prApta hue haiM / thAvaccAputta kA yahIM nirvANa huA thaa| 4. zravaNabelagolA jainoM kA yaha prasiddha tIrtha karNATaka prAnta ke hAsana jile meM hai| yaha candragiri aura vidhyagiri, ina do parvatoM kI talahaTI meM eka sarovara para sthita hai / yaha maisUra nagara se 62 mIla kI dUrI para hai| ise gommaTa tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| yahAM gomaTezvara bAhubalI kI 57 phuTa [pAMca sau dhanuSya] UMcI mUrti hai| isakI sthApanA rAjamalla nareza ke pradhAnamaMtrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ne karAI thii| vidvAnoM ne sthApanA kI tithi 23 mArga san 1028 nizcita kI hai| yaha nayanAbhirAbha mUrti eka hI patthara meM utkIrNa hai| yaha vizva kA AThavAM Azcarya mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAraha varSoM meM eka bAra isakA mastakAbhiSeka hotA hai| cAmuNDarAya kA gharelU nAma 'gommaTa' thaa| sambhava hai isalie unake dvArA nirmita aura sthApita mUrti ko bhI 'gommaTezvara' kahA gayA / siddhAMta cakravartI AcArya nemicandra ne cAmuNDarAya kA ullekha 'gommaTarAya' ke nAma se kiyA hai aura paMcasaMgraha grantha kA nAma 'gommaTasAra' rkhaa| zravaNabelagola meM lagabhaga 500 zilAlekha haiN|

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jaina saMskRti zravaNabelagola tIna zabdoM se banA hai| bela kA artha hai - zveta aura gola kA gola arthAt jaina muniyoM kA dhavala sarovara / 5. rANakapura 117 zravaNa kA artha hai - jaina muni, artha hai - sarovara | zravaNabela 1 arAvalI parvata zRMkhalAoM ke madhya rANakapura [ raNakapura ] nAma kA gAMva hai / yaha rAjasthAna ke pAlI jile ke antargata hai / yaha phAlanA sTezana se lagabhaga 22 kilomITara kI dUrI para sthita hai | mAnA jAtA hai ki naMdIpura gAMva meM jinezvara upAsaka dharaNAzAha ko eka rAtri meM svapna AyA / usameM unhoMne 'nilInI gulma' vimAna dekhA / usa vimAna kI AkRti se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne usI AkRti kA jinAlaya banAne kI pratijJA lI / dUra-dUra se zilpI AmaMtrita kie ge| prArambhika rekhAcitra bane / inameM se muMDArA gAMva ke depAka nAmaka zilpI kA rekhAcitra pasanda kiyA gayA aura usI ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 1465 meM jinAlaya kI nIMva DAlI aura 1468 vaha mandira taiyAra ho gyaa| isameM lagabhaga eka karor3a rupayA vyaya huA / yaha mandira apanI zAnI kA bejor3a maMdira hai / isameM 24 raMgamaMDapa, 184 bhUgRha, 85 zikhara aura 1444 staMbha haiM / AdinAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki vyakti maMdira meM kisI bhI sthAna para, kisI bhI koNa meM khar3A rahe, use pratimA ke darzana hote haiM / isakA prastara - zilpa bahuta hI anokhA -aura hRdayagrAhI hai| isa maMdira ke nirmAtA dharaNAzAha ke sambandha meM eka kiMvadantI pracalita hai ki eka dina dharaNAzAha maMdira kA nirmANa dekhane - gae / eka dIpaka jala rahA thA / usake taila meM eka makkhI gira gaI / dharaNAzAha ne taila se sanI makkhI ko nikAla kara apanI jUtI para rakha lI, jisase ki makkhI ke zarIra para lagA taila jUtI para laga jAe, vyartha na calA jAe / zilpiyoM ne yaha dekhA / ve Azcaryacakita raha ge| unakA mana saMdeha se bhara gayA ki aisA kaMjUsa vyakti itanA bar3A jinAlaya kaise banavA sakegA ? parIkSA karane ke lie unhoMne eka dina dharaNAzAha se kahA- nIvoM meM sarvadhAtuoM kA prayoga karanA hogA kyoMki itanA vizAla jina bhavana patthara kI nIMva para Tika

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118 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa nahIM pAyegA / zilpiyoM kI bAta sunakara dharaNAzAha ne vipula mAtrA meM 'sarvadhAtu' ekatrita kara unheM vismita kara diyA / dharaNAzAha yaha mAnatA thA ki vyartha eka paise kA bhI kharca na ho aura Avazyaka kharca meM tanika bhI kamI na ho / 6. rAjagRha ( rAjagirI ) bihArazarIpha se dakSiNa kI ora 13-14 mIla kI dUrI para sthita rAjagRha prAcIna rAjagiri hai / ise girivraja bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha pAMca pahAr3iyoM se ghirA huA hai / ina pAMca pahAr3iyoM ke nAma ye haiM- vipula, ratna, udaya, svarNa aura vaibhAra / inameM vipula aura vaibhAra parvata kA bahuta mahattva hai / aneka muniyoM ne vipulAcala para tapasyA kara mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| Aja bhI vahAM aneka guphAeM haiM / yaha pAMca pahAr3iyoM meM sabase UMcI pahAr3I hai / vaibhAra parvata ke nIce garama pAnI kA eka kuMDa hai| isaka varNana jaina Agama bhagavatI meM bhI AyA hai / Aja bhI vahAM garama pAnI kA srota vidyamAna hai / vaha carmaroga nivAraNa kA upAya batAyA jAtA hai| hajAroM loga vahAM nahAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha ne rAjagRha meM aneka caturmAsa bitAe the / mahAvIra prAyaH vahAM ke guNazIla caitya meM Thaharate the / vartamAna meM nabAdA sTezana se lagabhaga tIna mIla kI dUrI para sthita 'guNAvA' ko prAcIna guNazIla mAnA jAtA hai / 7. RSabhadevajI rAjasthAna ke dakSiNI aMcala meM dhuleva nAma kA kasbA hai / yaha udayapura se 64 kilomITara dUra upatyakAoM se ghirA huA hai / yahAM 'koyala' nAma kI nadI bahatI hai / yahIM RSabhadeva kA vizAla mandira hai / yaha eka kilomITara ke ghere meM sthita pakke pASANa kA mandira hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki pahale yahAM IMToM kA banA huA mandira thA / vaha TUTa gayA / phira 14 vIM 15 vIM zatAbdI meM yaha pASANamaya maMdira banA / isa mandira ke garbhagRha meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI padmAsana meM sthita zyAmavarNIya bhavya pratimA hai / isakI UMcAI sAr3he tIna phuTa ko hai / isa mUrti para kesara adhika car3hAI jAtI hai isalie ise 'kesariyAjI' yA 'kesariyAnAthajI' bhI kahate haiM / yaha pratimA bahuta hI cAmatkArika hai / isalie jaina, ajaina, bhIla tathA anya jAti ke

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jaina saMskRti 116 loga yahAM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM Ate haiM aura manautI manAte haiM / bhIla loga isa mUrti ko 'kAlAjI' kahakara pukArate haiM aura unake mana meM isake prati itanI zraddhA aura vizvAsa hai ki 'kAlAjI kI ANa ko ve sarvopari mAnate haiM / jaina paramparA ke kucha viziSTa AcArya zvetAmbara paramparA 1. AcArya zayyambhava [ vIra ni0 pahalI zatAbdI ] rAjagRha ke vAtsagotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM inakA janma huA / ye dhuraMdhara vidvAn the / ye vedoM ke vettA aura vedAMga kI anyAnya zAkhAoM ke jJAtA the / 1 AcArya prabhava mahAvIra kI zAsana paraMparA ke caturtha paTTadhara the / ve zAsana kA bhAra kisI yogya vyakti ko saMbhalAkara aMtima avasthA meM dhyAna - svAdhyAya meM lIna honA cAhate the / unhoMne samasta sAdhu-sAdhvI-saMgha kI ora dhyAna diyA / eka bhI bhAravahana karane yogya nahIM milA / taba unhoMne apane zrAvakoM kI ora avadhAna kiyaa| vahAM bhI nirAzA hI milI / taba unakA dhyAna yajJakarttA zayyaMbhava para TikA aura unheM lagA ki yaha vyakti zAsana ke bhAra ko vahana karane yogya hai / unhoMne yukti se samajhAkara zayyaMbhava ko jaina zAsana meM dIkSita kiyA / zayyaMbhava ne jaina tattvavAda kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA / ve AcArya prabhava ke uttarAdhikArI bana gae / zayyaMbhava jaba dIkSita hue the taba unakI patnI garbhavatI thI / usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma manaka rakhA gyaa| jaba vaha bar3A huA taba pitA kI khoja meM caMpAnagarI aayaa| gAMva ke bAhara donoM mile| putra ne dIkSita hone kI icchA vyakta kI / zayyaMbhava ne use dIkSita kara diyA / zayyaMbhava hastarekhA ke vijJAtA the / unhoMne dekhA ki manaka kA AyuSya kevala chaha mahInoM kA hai / isa avadhi meM use municaryA se avagata karAne ke lie unhoMne 'dazavaikAlika' sUtra kA niryUhaNa kiyA pUrvoM ke vibhinna aMzoM se usakA saMkalana kiyaa| muni manaka usameM niSNAta huA / chaha mahIne bote / muni manaka kA svargavAsa ho gayA / AcArya zayyaMbhava kA mana moha se bhara gayA / unakI AMkheM chalaka AIM / anya muniyoM ne isakA

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120 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kAraNa puuchaa| AcArya zayyaMbhava ne sArI bAta batAte hue kahA"muni manaka merA saMsArapakSIya putra thaa| yadi maiM yaha tathya pahale hI batA detA to usakI ArAdhanA meM kamI raha jaatii| AcArya-pUtra mAnakara saba usakI sevA-suzrUSA karate aura taba usakI nirjarA meM kamI A jaatii|' AcArya zayyaMbhava zrutakevalI the| ve aThAIsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue aura unacAlIsaveM varSa meM AcArya bne| bAsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM [vIra nirvANa 98 meM] unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| 2. AcArya bhadrabAhu (prathama) inakA janma vIra-nirvANa 14 meM huaa| paiMtAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM ye dIkSita hue aura AcArya saMbhUtivijaya ke pazcAt bAsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM ye AcArya bane / ye AcArya yazobhadra ke ziSya the| inheM antima zrutakevalI [caturdaza pUrvI ] mAnA jAtA hai / . ye maurya samrATa caMdragupta ke samakAlIna the / eka bAra ye nepAla kI pahAr3iyoM meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA karane ke lie cale ge| yaha dhyAna bahuta viziSTa hotA hai| isakA kAlamAna bAraha varSa kA mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrabAha dhyAna meM lIna the| usa samaya bhayaMkara duSkAla pdd'aa| aneka zrutadhara AcArya aura muni kAla-kavalita ho ge| caudaha pUrvo kA jJAtA koI nahIM bcaa| taba pATaliputra [paTanA] meM saMgha ekatrita huA aura Agama-nidhi ko surakSita rakhane kA upAya socaa| saMgha ke nirNaya ke anusAra usa samaya ke atimedhAvI muni sthUlabhadra apane pandraha sau muniyoM ke sAtha nepAla kI ora cala pdd'e| unameM pAMca sau muni vidyArthI the aura hajAra muni unake shyogii| saMgha ke anurodha para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne pUrvo kA jJAna denA svIkAra kiyaa| jJAna kI gahanatA aura durUhatA ke kAraNa munijanoM kI dhRti durbala ho gii| eka-eka kara sabhI muni nirAza ho ge| unakA utsAha TUTa gyaa| kevala muni sthUlabhadra dhRtipUrvaka par3hate rhe| unhoMne dasa pUrva artha sahita grahaNa kara lie / Age kA adhyayana cAlU thaa| eka bAra unakI bahine darzanArtha aaiiN| muni sthUlabhadra ke mana meM kutUhala paidA huA aura ve apanI guphA meM siMha kA rUpa banA kara baiTha gae / bahineM guphA ke dvAra taka AI aura siMha ko dekha, Darakara

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jaina saMskRti 121 bhAga giiN| unhoMne AcArya bhadrabAhu se kahA --'guphA meM muni sthUlabhadra nahIM haiN| vahAM to siMha baiThA hai|' yaha sunakara AcArya bhadrabAhu ne socA-'jJAna ko pacA pAnA duSkara hai|' unhoMne sthUlabhadra ko Age par3hAnA baMda kara diyaa| bahuta anunaya-vinaya karane para AcArya bhadrabAhu ne sthUlabhadra ko Age ke cAra pUrva par3hAye, kiMtu unakA artha nahIM batAyA / muni sthUlabhadra caudaha pUrvI to bane, kiMtu antima cAra pUrvo kA artha unheM nahIM milaa| zravaNabelagola meM prApta zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para isa bAta kA patA calatA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra jaina zramaNoM kA saMgha lekara uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha ko gae the| unake sAtha maurya-samrATa caMdragupta bhI thaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu apane nirdiSTa sthAna para pahuMcane se pUrva hI caMdragiri parvata para samAdhipUrNa maraNa prApta kara svargavAsa ho ge| harmana jekobo ke anusAra yaha dezATana I0 pU0 268 se pahale huA thaa| isa prakAra vIra-nirvANa 170 se lagabhaga bhadrabAhu kA svargagamana huaa| 3. siddhasena divAkara siddhasena kA samaya vikrama kI cauthI-pAMcavI zatAbdI hai| inakI janma-sthalI vizAlA nagarI thii| inake pitA kA nAma devarSi 'thaa| ye kAtyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa the| siddhasena prakAMDa tArkika the| inakI pratijJA thI ki yadi koI inheM zAstra-carcA meM parAjita kara degA, to ye unake ziSya bana jaayeNge| eka bAra ye jaMgala se gujara rahe the| mahAn tAkika AcArya vRddhavAdI bhI udhara se pAda-vihAra kara A rahe the| donoM ne zAstrArtha ke lie eka dUsare ko llkaaraa| vahIM zAstra carcA prAraMbha ho gii| gvAle madhyastha banAye ge| siddhasena ghaMToM taka saMskRta bhASA meM dhArApravAha bolate gye| gvAle mUka the| unheM eka akSara bhI samajha meM nahIM aayaa| AcArya vRddhavAdI pariSad aura madhyasthoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sahaja-sarala bhASA meM bole / gvAloM ne AcArya ko vijayI "ghoSita kara diyaa| apanI pratijJA ke anusAra siddhasena AcArya vRddhavAdI ke ziSya ho ge| unakA nAma kumudacaMdra rkhaa| ye medhAvI to the hI, AcArya vRddhavAdI kA saMparka pA unakI buddhi aura tIvra ho gii| AcArya vRddhavAdI unako AcArya pada para ArUr3ha kara svayaM saMgha

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122 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vyavasthA se nivRtta ho ge| ___ AcArya siddhasena ko mahArAja vikramAditya bahuta sammAna dete the / ve usa rAjya-sabhA ke ratna the| unhoMne battIsa battIsiyoM kA nirmANa kara vidvat jagat ko Azcaryacakita kara diyaa| 'kalyANa mandira' stotra bhI unakI hI kRti hai| karmAra deza ke zAsaka devapAla ne unheM 'divAkara' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena mahAn krAMtikArI aura anupama kavi the| usa samaya yaha ukti pracalita thI- 'anusiddhasenaM kavayaH'- sabhI kavi siddhasena ke pIche haiM, arthAt kaviyoM meM siddhasena hI agraNI haiN| inhoMne nyAya ke kSetra ko vistRta kiyaa| nyAya viSayaka aneka graMtha race aura aneka sthAnoM para zAstrArtha kara jaina dharma kI dhvajA ko phhraayaa| ___inakA svargavAsa pratiSThAnapura meM huaa| 4. AcArya haribhadra inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / ye citaur3a citrakUTa] ke brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna hue the / ye rAjapurohita the / rAjadarabAra meM inakI apUrva pratiSThA thii| ye vaidika paramparA ke udbhaTa vidvAna the| inheM apane jJAna para garva thaa| ye apane pAsa eka kudAlI, eka jAla aura eka nisainI rakhate the| kudAlI isalie ki yadi pratidvandvI hArakara jamIna meM jA chipe to jamIna ko kudAlI se khodakara nikAla le / jAla isalie ki yadi pratidvandvI jala meM jA chipe to use jAla meM phaMsAkara nikAla le aura nisainI isalie ki yadi vaha AkAza meM calA jAe to nisainI para car3hakara utAra lAye / ye tIno cihna unake ahaM ke dyotaka the| eka bAra ve rAjadarabAra se ghara A rahe the| rAste meM eka jaina upAzraya thaa| yahAM sAdhvI-saMgha kI pravartanI mahattarA yAkinI svAdhyAya karatI huI eka gAthA kA bAra-bAra uccAraNa kara rahI thI 'cakkidugaM haripaNagaM, paNagaM cakkoNa kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI kesava, ducakkI kesava cakkI y|| [isa bharata kSetra meM do cakravartI, pAMca vAsudeva, pAMca cakravartI, eka vAsudeva, eka cakravartI, eka vAsudeva, eka cakravartI, eka vAsudeva,

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jaina saMskRti do cakravartI, eka vAsudeva aura eka cakravartI hue haiM / ] harIbhadra ne yaha gAthA sunii| ve vahAM khar3e rahe / punaH gAthA sunI / usakA artha-bodha nahIM huA / inheM apane jJAna para nirAzA huI / vaha mahattarA ke pAsa pahuMce / gAthA kA artha samajhA aura mahattarA ke ziSya bana gaye | aba ye jaina muni hokara vicaraNa karane lage / pahale se hI ye vaidika darzana ke prakAMDa vidvAn the / jaina AgamoM kA gahana adhyayana kara ve jaina vidyA ke bhI pAragAmI vidvAn ho gae / eka bAra inhoMne apane do priya ziSyoM haMsa aura paramahaMsa ko bauddha nyAya kA adhyayana karane ke lie nAlandA bhejA / donoM ziSya chadmaveza meM vahAM pahuMce / gaharA adhyayana kiyA / kintu eka dina unake jaina hone kA bheda khula gayA / bauddha ziSya unheM pakar3a lenA cAhate the / ve prANa bacAkara bhAge / haMsa rAste meM hI svargastha ho gayA / paramahaMsa AcArya haribhadra taka pahuMcA aura unake caraNoM meM usane prANa tyAga die / donoM ziSyoM kI mRtyu se haribhadra kA mana kSubdha ho gayA / 123 ve kopAviSTa hokara apane taMtra bala se 1444 bauddha chAtroM ko bulAkara tela ke kaDAha meM talane kA mahAn hiMsA kA upakrama socane lage / isa hiMsAtmaka ghaTanA kI sUcanA AcArya jinadatta ko milI / unhoMne kopAviSTa haribhadra ko pratibodha dene ke lie do muniyoM ko tIna zloka dekara bhejA / AcArya jinadatta dvArA preSita ina zlokoM ko par3hate hI haribhadra kA kopa zAnta ho gayA aura unhoMne ina zlokoM ke AdhAra para samarAditya kAvya kI racanA kI / unhoMne sabhI bauddha ziSyoM ko abhayadAna diyA aura prAyazcitta svarUpa 1444 granthoM kI racanA kA saMkalpa kiyaa| ve saba graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiM / vartamAna meM jo upalabdha haiM ve bhI kama nahIM haiM / haribhadrasUri AgamoM ke prathama saMskRta TIkAkAra the / inhoMne Avazyaka sUtra, dazavaikAlika, naMdI Adi para TIkAeM likhakara jaina zAsana ko upakRta kiyA hai / inakI TIkAeM prazasta aura vidvattApUrNa haiM / inakI lekhanI aneka viSayoM para calI / ye yoga ke puraskartA aura nyAya-graMthoM ke racayitA the / anekAMta jayapatAkA, yogadRSTi samuccaya, SaDdarzana, yogazataka, yogabindu Adi inakI apUrva racanAeM haiM / ye samanvaya kI zrRMkhalA ke agraNI AcArya the /

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124 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 5. AcArya abhayadeva __ abhayadeva nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiM / navAMgI TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha AcArya abhayadeva kA janma dhArAnagarI meM vikrama saM0 1072 meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma mahIdhara aura mAtA kA nAma dhanadevI thaa| inhoMne bAlyAvasthA meM AcArya varddhamAnasUri ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI aura solaha varSa kI avasthA meM ye AcArya bana ge| eka dina ye dhyAna kara rahe the| inake mana meM AgamoM para TIkAeM likhane kA vicAra aayaa| zAsanadevI ne isa kArya ke lie inheM prerita kiyA aura ye AgamoM para TIkA likhane ke lie prastuta ho ge| TIkA-racanAkAla inhoMne AcAmla [AyaMbila] tapa karanA prArambha kiyaa| pratidina ke AyaMbila ne inake zarIra ko kRza hI nahIM rogagrasta bhI banA ddaalaa| inake zarIra meM sapheda kuSTha ho gyaa| logoM meM yaha apavAda phailA ki AgamoM kI utsUtra prarUpaNA ke kAraNa zAsanadevI ne ruSTa hokara inheM yaha daNDa diyA hai| yaha bAta AcArya abhayadeva ne sunii| inakA mana tilamilA utthaa| dhairya vicalita huaa| zAsanadevI ne prakaTa hokara dhIraja dhAraNa karane kI preraNA dii| kuSTha roga samApta ho gayA / punaH usI utsAha se kArya cAlU rakhA aura bahuta thor3e samaya meM nau aMgoM kI TIkAeM likha kara ye sadA-sadA ke lie amara ho ge| tiresaTha varSa kI avasthA meM vi0 samvat 1135 meM gujarAta ke kapar3agaMja gAMva meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| 6. AcArya hemacaMdra inakA janma vikrama samvat 1145 kI kArtika pUrNimA ke dina gujarAta prAnta ke dhaMdhukA gAMva meM huaa| inakA janma nAma 'caMgadeva' thaa| inake pitA kA nAma cAcadeva aura mAtA kA nAma pAhinI thaa| ___ ye AcArya devacaMdrasUri ke pAsa dIkSita hue / ikkIsa varSa kI avasthA meM ye AcArya bane / mahArAja siddharAja kI preraNA se inhoMne sarvAMga paripUrNa vyAkaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA, jo 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa vyAkaraNa se mahArAja siddharAja

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jaina saMskRti 125 bahuta prasanna hue aura ve sadA-sadA ke lie AcArya hemacaMdra ke anuyAyI bana ge| AcArya hemacandra kalikAlasarvajJa ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| aise to kalikAla meM sarvajJatA prApta nahIM hotI, kiMtu AcArya hemacandra kI sUkSmamedhA, bahuAyAmI buddhi aura vividha vidhAoM kI sAhityaracanA ne inheM sarvajJa tulya banA ddaalaa| kahA jAtA hai ki sAhitya kI eka bhI vidhA aisI nahIM hai, jisameM AcArya hemacandra ne sAhitya na racA ho| inake kucheka pramukha grantha ye haiM-abhidhAnacintAmaNikoSa, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, saMskRtadvayAzraya mahAkAvya, prAkRta dvayAzraya mahAkAvya, yogazAstra, pramANamImAMsA, kAvyAnuzAsana Adi / siddharAja ke bAda kumArapAla ne pATaNa kA rAjyabhAra sNbhaalaa| vaha bhI AcArya hemacaMdra kA ananya bhakta banA rhaa| mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya hemacandra sarasvatI ke varadaputra the| eka sAtha 84 kalameM calatI thiiN| inhoMne lagabhaga sAr3he tIna karor3a padya-pramANa sAhitya racA aura sarasvatI ke bhaNDAra ko bhraa| ye tiresaTha varSa kI avasthA taka saMyama pAlana karate rhe| inakA svargavAsa caurAsI varSa kI Ayu meM vikrama samvat 1226 meM pATaNa meM huaa| digambara paramparA 1. AcArya kundakunda prAcIna ullekhoM ke anusAra inakA janmasthAna dakSiNa bhArata kA hemagrAma hai| isakI vartamAna pahacAna tamilanADu meM sthita 'ponnUra' gAMva se kI jAtI hai / use hI 'koNDapura' kahA jAtA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma karamaNDU aura mAtA kA nAma zrImatI thaa| inake pAMca nAma the : 1. padmanandi-dIkSA ke samaya kA nAma / 2. kundakunda-gAMva ke AdhAra para pracalita nAma / 3. vakragrIva-gardana kucha Ter3hI hone ke kAraNa pracalita nAma / 4. elk| 5. gaddhapiccha-videha kSetra se lauTate samaya rAste meM mayUra

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126 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa piccha gira jAne para gaddhapiccha lekara lauTe / ataH ukta nAma pracalita huaa| ____ mAnA jAtA hai ki ye caraNaRddhi se sampanna the| ye bhUmi para cAra aMgula Upara calate the| inake dIkSAguru jinacaMdra aura zikSAguru kumAranandi the| inhoMne 84 prAbhRtoM kI racanA kI, kintu Aja kevala bAraha prAbhRta hI upalabdha haiN| unameM darzanaprAbhRta, cAritraprAbhRta, bodhaprAbhRta Adi mukhya haiN| inake mukhya grantha ye haiM-samayasAra, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAya aadi| ___ inakA kAryakAla vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| 2. AcArya akalaMka inakA janma karnATaka prAnta ke mAnyakheTa nagarI ke rAjA zubhatuMga ke maMtrI puruSottama ke ghara huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma jinamatI thaa| 'bhaTTa' inakA pada thaa| inake bhAI kA nAma 'niSkalaMka' thaa| eka bAra donoM bhAI bauddha tarkazAstra kA abhyAsa karane ke lie eka bauddhamaTha meM gye| vahAM inhoMne bauddha tarkazAstra kA gahana adhyayana kiyaa| una dinoM jaina aura bauddhoM meM saMgharSa cala rahA thaa| kucha dinoM bAda inake jaina hone kA patA lgaa| virodha kA AbhAsa huaa| ve vahAM se nikale, kintu niSkalaMka mAre gaye, akalaMka baca nikle| unhoMne AcAryapada prApta kara kaliMga nareza himazItala kI sabhA meM bauddhoM se vAdavivAda kiyaa| virodhI pakSa vAle eka ghar3e meM tArAdevI kI sthApanA karate aura usake prabhAva se ve bAda meM ajeya vAna jAte / akalaMka ne yaha rahasya jAna liyaa| unhoMne apane zAsana-devatA kI ArAdhanA kI aura ghar3e ko phor3a bauddhoM ko parAjita kiyaa| ye jaina nyAya ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| inake samaya meM hI jaina nyAya ko vyavasthita rUpa milaa| uttarakAlIna granthakAra anantavIrya, mANikyanandi Adi ne akalaMka dvArA prasthApita jaina nyAya kI paddhati kA anusaraNa yA vistAra kiyA hai| inake mukhya grantha ye haiM-tattvArtharAjavAttika sabhASya, laghIyastrayI, aSTazatI Adi / __ ye AcArya haribhadra ke samakAlIna the / inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI hai| aneka rAje inake bhakta the| .. AcArya samantabhadra, vIrasena, mANikyanandi, devanaMdI pUjya

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jaina saMskRti 127 pAda, Adi aneka AcAryoM ne isa paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai| jaina-dharma : vikAsa aura hrAsa vizva kI pratyeka pravRtti ko utAra-caDhAva kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai| koI bhI pravRtti kevala unnati aura avanati ke bindu para avasthita nahIM rhtii| jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke mukhya hetu ye haiM : 1. madhyama mArga- jaina AcAryoM ne gahastha ke lie aNavatoM kA vidhAna kara usakI sAmAjika apekSAoM kA dvAra banda nahIM kiyaa| 2. samanvaya-jaina dharma ke bhinna-bhinna vicAroM kA sApekSa daSTi se samanvaya hone ke kAraNa vaha vibhinna vicAradhArA ke logoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara skaa| 3. samAhAra-jaina dharma meM jAtivAda kI tAttvikatA mAnya nahIM thI, isalie sabhI jAti ke loga use apanAte rhe| 4. parivartana kI kSamatA-jaina AcAryoM ne sAmAjika paraMparA ko zAzvata kA rUpa nahIM diyaa| isalie jaina samAja meM deza aura kAla ke anusAra parivartana kA avakAza rhaa| yaha janatA ke AkarSaNa kA sabala hetu rhaa| 5. saiddhAMtika sahiSNutA-dUsaroM dharmoM meM siddhAMtoM ko sahane kI kSamatA ke kAraNa jaina dharma dUsaroM kI sahAnubhUti ajita karatA rhaa| 6. jana bhASA kA prayoga / 7. ahiMsA kA vyavahAra meM prayoga 8. prAmANikatA-jaina gRhastha ahiMsA-pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha kartavya ke prati bahuta jAgarUka the / ve deza ke vikAsa aura rakSA ke lie apanA sarvasva samarpita kara dete the| dakSiNa ke jaina samAja ne jIvikA [annadAna], zikSA, [jJAnadAna], cikitsA [auSadhadAna] aura ahiMsA [abhayadAna ke mAdhyama se jaina-dharma ko jana-dharma kA rUpa de diyA thaa| 6. sazakta aura kuzala AcAryoM kA netRtva / vikrama kI navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI meM ina sthitiyoM meM parivartana Ane lagA / phalata: jaina dharma kA vikAsa avaruddha ho gyaa|

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128 : hrAsa ke mukhya hetu ye haiM 1. AMtarika pavitratA aura zakti kI kamI, bAhya karmakAMDoM kI pracuratA / 2. vyaktivAdI manovRtti - dUsaroM kI hAni se mujhe kyA ? maiM dUsaroM ke lie kyoM karma bAMdhU ? isa prakAra ke aikAMtika nivRttivAdI ciMtana ne parasparatA ke baMdhana meM zithilatA lA dI / dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma ke hrAsa ke mukhya tIna kAraNa haiM :1. jaina jAgRti karane vAle prabhAvazAlI AcAryoM ke kAryakAla meM bahuta bar3A vyavadhAna / rAjanIti aura dharmanIti ko 2. aise netRtva kA abhAva jo sAtha-sAtha lekara cala sake / 3. anya dharmoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva kI upekSA aura apane Apako ekAMtataH AdhyAtmika banAe rakhane kI pravRtti / dakSiNa ke mukhya do prAMtoM meM hrAsa ke anyAnya kAraNa bhI rahe haiM : 1. tamilanADu meM hrAsa ke kAraNa jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 1. zaiva nAyanAra aura vaiSNava alvAroM kA udaya / 2. unake dvArA jAtivAda kA bahiSkAra kara apane dharma-saMgha meM nIcI jAti vAloM kA praveza / 3. rAjadharma ko prabhAvita kara rAjAoM ko apane mata ke prati AkRSTa karanA / 4. jaina stutiyoM kA anukaraNa kara zaiva stutiyoM kA nirmANa karanA / 2. karnATaka meM hrAsa ke kAraNa 1. rASTrakUTa aura gaMgavaMzIya rAjAoM kA aMta | 2. vIra zaivamata ke udayakAla meM jaina AcAryoM kI upekSA aura unake prabhAva ko roka pAne kI akSamatA / 3. basavezvara dvArA prarUpita 'liMgAyata' dharma ke bar3hate caraNa ko roka na pAnA / 4. aneka rAjAoM kA zaiva mata meM dIkSita ho jAnA / vikAsa aura hrAsa kAlacakra ke anivArya niyama haiM / isa viSaya meM koI bhI vastu kevala vikAsa yA hrAsa kI rekhA para avasthita nahIM

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jaina saMskRti 126 rahatI / Aroha ke bAda avaroha aura avaroha ke bAda Aroha calatA rahatA hai| jaina dharma ke anuyAyI-samAja kI saMkhyA meM hrAsa huA hai| kiMtu bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita zAzvata satyoM kA hrAsa nahIM huA hai| unake sApekSatA, saha-astitva, ahiMsA, mAnavIya ekatA, niHzastrIkaraNa, svataMtratA aura aparigraha ke siddhAMta vizvamAnasa meM niraMtara vikasita hote jA rahe haiN|

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga zraddhAvAda-hetuvAda citana kI tulanA saritA ke usa pravAha se kI jA sakatI hai 'jisakA udgama choTA hotA hai aura gatizIla hone ke sAtha-sAtha vaha vizAlakAya hotA calA jAtA hai / bhAratIya mAnasa zraddhA-pradhAna rahA hai| usameM tarka-bIja kI apekSA zraddhA-bIja adhika aMkurita hue haiN| isIlie yahAM maulika ciMtaka apekSAkRta kama hue haiM / dharma ke kSetra meM kucha mahAn sAdhaka, avatAra yA tIrthaMkara hue haiN| ve himAlaya kI bhAMti atyaMta mahAn the| unakI mahAnatA taka maulika ciMtaka bhI nahIM pahuMca pAte the / phalataH unake prati ciMtakoM kA zraddhAnata honA svAbhAvika thaa| sAdhAraNa jana to zraddhAnata thA hI kiMtu sAdhAraNa jana kI zraddhA aura ciMtaka kI zraddhA meM eka antara thaa| sAdhAraNa jana apane zraddheya kI hara vANo ko zraddhA se svIkAra karatA thaa| citaka apane zraddheya kI mahAn AdhyAtmika upalabdhi ke prati zraddhAnata hone para bhI unake pratyeka vacana ko zraddhA se svIkAra karane kA Agraha nahIM karatA thaa| AcArya siddhasena jaina paramparA meM maulika ciMtaka hue haiN| unakI jJAna-garimA agAdha thii| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati atyanta zraddhApraNata the, kiMtu sAtha-sAtha apane svataMtra ciMtana kA bhI prayoga karate the| unhoMne aneka tathyoM para apanA svataMtra mata vyakta kiyaa| usa samaya ke zraddhAvAdI AcAryoM aura muniyoM ne unake sAmane tarka upasthita kiyA- 'jo tathya Agama-graMthoM meM pratipAdita haiM, unake pratikUla kisI bhI siddhAnta kI sthApanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ?' AcArya siddhasena ne isa tarka kA sIdhA khaNDana bhI nahIM kiyA aura unake mata kA samarthana bhI nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne syAdvAda kI zailI se eka nayA ciMtana prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne batAyA ki mahAvIra ne do prakAra ke tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-hetugamya, ahetugamya /

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 131 ahetugamya tattva ciMtana aura tarka kI sImA se pare hote haiM / unheM samajhane ke lie tarka kA upayoga nahIM ho sakatA / ve zraddhA ke viSaya haiM / hama atIndriya-tattva aura atIndriya jJAna ko svIkAra karate haiM / tarka indriya jJAna kI paridhi meM hotA hai / gautama svAmI' ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - 'bhaMte ! jaise hama zvAsa lete haiM, vaise hI kyA pRthvIkA ke jIva bhI zvAsa lete haiM ?' bhagavAn ne isakA svIkArAtmaka uttara diyA / indriya ke dvArA yaha gamya nahIM hai, isalie yaha tarka kA viSaya bhI nahIM hai / kintu mahAvIra ne kyA aise tattvoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jo indiyagamya haiM aura jinakI vyAkhyA tarka ke dvArA kI jA sakatI hai ? AcArya siddhasena ne yaha citana prastuta kiyA ki jo vyakti ahetugamya tattvoM kA AgamaprAmANya ke dvArA aura hetugamya tattvoM kA tarka - prAmANya ke dvArA pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha Agama ke hRdaya ko yathArtha samajhatA hai aura unakA yathArtha pratipAdana karatA hai / jo vyakti hetugamya aura ahetugamya donoM tattvoM ko kevala Agama-prAmANya se samajhane kA prayatna aura pratipAdana karatA hai, usane Agama ke yathArtha ko nahIM samajhA aura unake pratipAdana kI yathArtha paddhati bhI use prApta nahIM hai / isa vicAra kA bIja - vapana niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne kiyA thA / unakA yuga tarkazAstra ke vikAsa kA prArambhika yuga thA / isalie unhoMne Agama aura dRSTAnta- ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA thA - Agamagamya tattva Agama ke dvArA aura dRSTAntagamya tattva dRSTAnta ke dvArA jAnane cAhie / AcArya siddhasena tarkazAstra ke vikAsakarttAoM meM agraNI the / isalie unhoMne dRSTAnta ke sthAna para hetuvAda kA prayoga kiyA hai| Agama yuga meM tarka ke lie koI avakAza nahIM thA / satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA vyakti jo bAta kahe usake prati tarka kaise ho sakatA thA ? jaba satya ke sAkSAt draSTA nahIM rahe taba tarka kA vikAsa hone lagA / tArkika vidvAn pratyeka tattva ko tarka kI kasauTI para kasane lage / usI sthiti meM yaha vicAra prasphuTita huA ki saba kucha tarka kA viSaya nahIM hai / maharSi manu ne isI saMdarbha meM likhA thA - purANa, mAnava dharma, aMgayuktaveda aura Ayurveda - ye

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132 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa AjJAsiddha haiM / ye hetu dvArA parIkSaNIya nahIM haiM / zAstra kI aparIkSaNIyatA kA bauddha AcAryoM ne sazakta prativAda kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-Apake zAstroM meM kucha ciMtanIya hai, isIlie Apa una para vicAra karane se katarAte haiM / yadi sonA nirdoSa hai to phira usako parIkSA se Dara kyoM ? unhoMne buddha ke mukha se kahalAyA-jaise samajhadAra manuSya kasauTI, cheda aura tApa ke dvArA parIkSA kara svarNa ko letA hai, bhikSuo! tuma vaise hI kasauTI, cheda aura tApa ke dvArA parIkSA kara mere vacana ko svIkAra kro| maiM kahatA hUM, isalie use svIkAra mata karo 1. asti vaktavyatA kAcit, tenedaM na vicAryate / nirdoSa kAMcanaM cet syAta, parIkSAyA vibheti kim ? 2. nikaSacchedatApebhyaH, suvarNamiva pnndditH| parIkSya bhikSavo ! grAhya, maco na tu gauravAt // jaina AcAryoM ne ina donoM ativAdoM se bacakara apanA ciMtana sthira kiyaa| unhoMne sUkSma tattva ko AjJAsiddha aura sthUla tattva ko parIkSAsiddha btlaayaa| ___ AcArya siddhasena ne svataMtra ciMtana aura hetuvAda kA jo mUlyAMkana kiyA, vaha sabako mAnya nahIM huaa| phalataH jaina paraMparA meM do dhArAeM nirmita ho gaI-siddhAntavAdI aura trkvaadii| siddhAntavAdI Agamika pratipAdana ko zabdazaH aura akSarazaH svIkAra karate the| tarkavAdI Agama ke hetugamya tattvoM kI tArkika samIkSA bhI karate the aura unake sAtha nayA ciMtana bhI jor3ate the| siddhAntavAdiyoM ne apanI sArI zakti Agamika vacanoM ke samarthana meM lagAI, jabaki tArkika vidvAnoM kI zakti apane samasAmayika dArzanikoM ke tarkoM ko samajhane aura unakI jaina-paddhati se mImAMsA karane meM lgii| unhoMne dUsare darzanoM se kucha liyA aura unheM kucha dene kA prayatna bhI kiyaa| yaha samAhAra kI vRtti satya ko anekAnta daSTi se dekhane para hI prApta ho sakatI thii| AcArya siddhasena ne satya ko vyApaka dRSTi se dekhA tabhI unheM yaha dikhAI diyA ki vizva ke kisI bhI darzana meM jo supratipAdita hai, vaha mahAvIra ke vacana kA hI biMdu hai| ve mahAvIra ko eka vyakti ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhate haiM / unake lie mahAvIra eka AtmA hai / AtmA hI parama satya hai / jahAM

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga kahIM bhI satya ke kaNa dikhAI dete haiM, ve saba AtmA kI jyoti ke hI sphuliMga haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne AcArya siddhasena ke abhimata ko sahaja bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai jisa kisI samaya meM, jisa kisI rUpa meM aura jisa kisI nAma se, jisa kisI rUpa meM Apa prakaTa hoM, yadi Apa vItarAga haiM to Apa mere lie eka hI haiN| maiM vItarAga ke prati praNata haM, deza, kAla tathA nAma aura rUpa ke prati praNata nahIM yathArthavAda __jaina dharma yathArthavAdI hai| yathArthavAda meM satya kA svIkAra zraddhA se nahIM hotaa| na vyakti ke prati zraddhA aura na siddhAnta ke prati shrddhaa| donoM kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isa vAstavikatA ko bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM ujAgara kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai- 'bhagavan ! zraddhA se Apake prati hamArA pakSapAta nahIM hai / anya dArzanikoM ke prati dveSa ke kAraNa hamArI aruci nahIM hai| hamane Aptatva kI parIkSA kI hai / usa parIkSA meM Apa khare utarate haiM / isalie hamane ApakA anugamana kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne isa satya ko nirapekSa zabdo meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM... 'mahAvIra ke prati merA koI pakSapAta nahIM hai aura kapila Adi dArzanikoM ke prati merA koI dveSa nahIM hai / maiM isa vicAra kA vyakti hUM ki jisakA vicAra yukti-yukta ho, usakA anugamana karanA cAhie / ___ isa spaSTa vicAra kA AdhAra yathArthavAda hai| paurANika kAla meM apane iSTadeva kA atizayoktipUrNa varNana karane kI hor3a-sI lagI thii| phalataH jitane bhI mahApuruSa hue unakA mAnavIya rUpa devI camatkAroM se Avata ho gyaa| yaha sthiti yathArthavAda ke anukala nahIM thii| AcArya samantabhadra ne isa para tIvra prahAra kiyaa| unhoMne ina camatkAroM ko mahAnatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnane se apanI asahamati prakaTa kii| unhoMne mahAvIra ko camatkAroM ke AvaraNa se nikAlakara yathArthavAda ke Aloka meM dekhane kA prayatna kiyaa| unakA prasiddha zloka hai devaagmnbhoyaan-caamraadivibhuutyH| mAyAviSvapi dRzyante, nAtastvamasi no mahAn //

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jaina paramparA kA itihAsa 'bhagavan ! devatAoM kA AnA, AkAza-vihAra, chatra-cAmara Adi vibhUtiyAM aindrajAlika vyaktiyoM ke bhI ho sakatI haiN| Apake pAsa devatA Ate the | Apa chatra, cAmara Adi aneka yaugika vibhUtiyoM se sampanna the / isalie mahAn nahIM / Apa isalie mahAn haiM ki Apane satya ko anAvRta kiyA thA / ' 1 134 isa AcArya hemacandra ne bhI cintana kI isI dhArA ko vikasita kiyaa| unhoMne kahA - 'Apake caraNa kamala meM indra luThate the, bAta kA dUsare dArzanika khaNDana kara sakate haiM yA apane iSTadeva ko bhI indrapUjita kaha sakate haiM, kintu Apane jo yathArthavAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA, usakA ve nirAkaraNa kaise kareMge ? ' prAcInatA aura navInatA purAnI aura nayI pIr3hI kA saMgharSa bahuta purAnA hai / purAne vyakti aura purAnI kRti ko mAnyatA prApta hotI hai / naye vyakti aura nayI kRti ko mAnyatA prApta karanI hotI hai / manuSya svabhAva se itanA udAra nahIM hai ki vaha sahaja hI kisI ko mAnyatA de de / nayI pIr3hI meM mAnyatA prApta karane kI chaTapaTAhaTa hotI hai aura purAnI pIr3hI kA apanA ahaM hotA hai, apanA mAnadaNDa hotA hai. isa - lie vaha nayI pIr3hI ko naye mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para mAnyatA dene meM sakucAtI hai| yaha saMgharSa sAhitya, Ayurveda aura dharma-sabhI kSetroM meM rahA hai / 'purAnA hone mAtra se saba kucha acchA nahIM hotA' - mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA yaha svara do pIr3hiyoM ke saMgharSa se utpanna svara hai / unake kAvya aura nATaka ke prati purAne vidvAnoM ne upekSApUrNa vyavahAra kiyA taba unheM yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A'purAnA hone mAtra se koI kAvya prakRSTa nahIM hotA aura nayA hone mAtra se koI kAvya nikRSTa nahIM hotA / sAdhucetA puruSa parIkSA ke bAda hI kisI kAvya ko prakRSTa yA nikRSTa batalAte haiM aura jo mUDha hotA hai, vaha binA soce-samajhe purANatA kA gIta gAtA rahatA hai / ' AcArya vAgbhaTTa ne aSTAMgahRdaya kA nirmANa kiyA / Ayurveda ke dhuraMdhara AcAryoM ne use mAnya nahIM kiyA / vAgbhaTTa ko bhI purAnI pIr3hI ke tiraskAra kA pAtra bananA par3A / usI manaHsthiti meM unhoMne yaha likhA- 'vAyu kI zAMti ke lie taila, pitta kI zAMti ke lie ghI

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 135 aura zleSma kI zAMti ke lie madhu pathya hai / yaha bAta cAhe brahmA kahe, yA brahmA kA putra, isameM vaktA kA kyA antara AegA ? vaktA ke kAraNa dravya kI zakti meM koI antara nahIM AtA, isalie Apa mAtsarya ko chor3a madhyastha dRSTi kA avalaMbana leM / prAcInatA aura navInatA ke prazna para mahAkavi kAlidAsa aura vAgbhaTTa kA cintana bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / kintu isa viSaya meM AcArya siddhasena kI lekhanI ne jo camatkAra dikhAyA hai, vaha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM durlabha hai| unakA ciMtana hai ki koI vyakti nayA nahIM hai aura koI purAnA nahIM hai / jise hama purAnA mAnate haiM, eka dina vaha bho nayA thA aura jise hama nayA mAnate haiM, vaha bhI eka dina purAnA ho jaaegaa| Aja jo jIvita hai, vaha marane ke bAda nayI pIr3hI ke lie purAnoM kI sUcI meM A jAtA hai / purANatA avasthita nahIM hai, isalie purAtana vyakti kI kahI huI bAta para bhI binA parIkSA kie kauna vizvAsa karegA ? AcArya siddhasena ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI abhaya kI bhAvanA ko AtmasAt kara liyA thA / ve satya ke prakAzana meM sakucAte nahIM the / mukta - samIkSA aura prAcInatA kI yuktisaMgata AlocanA ke kAraNa unakA virodha bar3ha rahA thA / ve isa sthiti se paricita the, kintu svataMtratA vyakti isa prakAra kI sthiti se ghabarAtA nahIM / unakA abhaya svara isa bhASA meM prasphuTita huA 'purAne puruSoM ne jo vyavasthA nizcita kI hai, kyA vaha ciMtana karane para usI rUpa meM siddha hogI ? nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai / usa sthiti meM mRta purakhoM kI jamI huI pratiSThA ke kAraNa usa asiddha vyavasthA kA samarthana karane ke lie merA janma nahIM huA hai / isa vyavahAra se yadi mere vidveSI bar3hate haiM to bhale hI bar3heM / ' vyavasthAeM yA maryAdAeM aneka prakAra kI haiM aura ve paraspara virodhI bhI haiM / unakA zIghra hI nirNaya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? phira bhI yaha maryAdA hai, yaha nahIM hai, isa prakAra kA eka pakSIya nirNaya karanA purAtana ke prema se jar3a bane hue vyakti ke lie hI ucita ho sakatA hai, kisI parIkSaka ke lie nahIM / ' 'purAtana prema ke kAraNa AlasI banA huA vyakti jaise-jaise yathArtha kA nizcaya nahIM kara pAtA, vaise-vaise vaha nizcaya kie hue

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136 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vyakti kI bhAMti prasanna hotA hai| vaha kahatA hai, hamAre pUrvaja jJAnI the| unhoMne jo kucha kahA, vaha mithyA kaise ho sakatA hai ? maiM mandamati hUM, usakA Azaya nahIM samajha sakatA, yaha merI alpatA hai / kiMtu gurujanoM kI kahI huI bAta anyathA nahIM ho sktii| aisA nizcaya karane vAlA vyakti Atma-nAza kI ora daur3atA hai|' 'zAstrakAra hamAre jaise hI manuSya the / unhoMne manuSyoM ke lie hI manuSyoM ke vyavahAra aura AcAra nizcita kie haiN| jo loga parIkSA karane meM AlasI haiM, ve hI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki unakI thAha nahIM pAyI jA sakatI, unakA pAra nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| kintu parIkSaka vyakti unheM agAdha mAnakara kaise svIkAra karegA? vaha parIkSApUrvaka hI unheM svIkAra kara sakatA hai| 'eka zAstra asambaddha aura asta-vyasta racA huA hotA hai, phira bhI vaha purAtana puruSoM ke dvArA racita hai, yaha kahakara usakI prazaMsA karate haiN| Aja kA banA huA zAstra sambaddha aura saMgata hai, phira bhI navIna hone ke kAraNa use nahIM par3hate / yaha mAtra smRti kA moha hai, parIkSA kA viveka nahIM hai|' . alpavayA zizu kI bAta yuktiyukta ho sakatI hai aura purAne puruSoM kI kahI huI bAta doSapUrNa ho sakatI hai, isalie hameM parIkSaka bananA caahie| navInatA kI upekSA aura prAcInatA kA moha hamAre lie ucita nahIM hai| yaha vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatI kA cintana Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM aura adhika mUlyavAn bana gayA hai| kAla-hetuka avarodha aura unake phalita bhAratIya cintana kA yaha vyApaka rUpa rahA hai ki purAtana kAla satayuga thaa| vartamAna yuga kalikAla hai| isameM prakRSTatA nikRSTatA kI ora calI jAtI hai / isa ciMtana ke AdhAra para bhAratIya janatA kA vizvAsa dRr3ha ho gayA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jo acchAiyAM, kSamatAeM aura vizeSatAeM thIM, ve isa kalikAla meM samApta ho cakI haiM aura rahI-sahI samApta hotI jA rahI haiN| isa ciMtanadhArA ne eka vicitra prakAra kI hIna bhAvanA utpanna kara dii| lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa pUrva kacha jaina muni yaha mAnane lage the ki vartamAna meM dharma nahIM hai, vrata nahIM hai aura caritra vichinna ho gayA hai| vartamAna meM jo jaina zAsana cala rahA hai vaha jJAna aura darzana

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai| kintu Aja koI sAdhu nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla meM zarIra kA saMhanana uttama hotA thA, Aja vaisA nahIM rhaa| uttama saMhanana vAle dhyAna ke adhikArI the, aba koi dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM hai / dhyAna vichinna ho gyaa| prAcInakAla meM jinakalpa muni viziSTa sAdhanA karate the| aba jinakalpasAdhanA kA bhI viccheda ho gyaa| viziSTa pratyakSajJAna aura viziSTa yaugika upalabdhiyAM bhI vicchinna ho giiN| ciMtana kI isa dhArA ne vikAsa kA dvAra avaruddha kara diyaa| munijana yaha mAnakara calane lage ki isa duSamAkAla meM viziSTa sAdhanA aura viziSTa upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| isa dhAraNA kA prabhAva bhI huaa| sAdhanA ke patha meM abhinava unmeSa lAne ko manovatti zithila ho gii| jaba yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki Aja viziSTatA kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI, phira usake lie prayatna karane kI spharaNA bhI nahIM rhtii| kucha manISI muniyoM kA dhyAna isa hInabhAvanA kI manovRtti aura usake phalitoM para gyaa| unhoMne isakA prativAda kiyaa| bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kahA - 'jo muni yaha kahate haiM ki vartamAna meM sAdhutva nahIM hai, unheM zramaNa-saMgha se bahiSkRta kara denA caahie| AcArya rAmasena ne isakA sazakta samarthana kiyA ki vartamAna meM dhyAna ho sakatA hai| usakA viccheda nahIM huA hai| kucha vicchittiyoM ke bAre meM kisI AcArya ne kucha nahIM khaa| yaha bahuta hI vimarzanIya hai| vicchedoM kI carcA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne kI hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne adhika kI hai| digambara-paramparA meM dhyAna, kAyotsarga aura pratimA ke abhyAsa kI paramparA dIrghakAla taka clii| digambara AcAryoM ne yoga-viSayaka grantha race / zvetAmbara paramparA meM dhyAna kA abhyAsa sudUra atIta meM hI kama ho gayA thaa| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa, haribhadrasUri, AcArya hemacaMdra, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI Adi kucheka vidvAn hI yoga granthoM ke nirmAtA hue haiN| AcAryazrI tulasI ne yoga para 'manonuzAsanam' nAma kA grantha likhaa| usake nirmANa kI avadhi meM unhoMne kahA'yaugika upalabdhiyoM ke viccheda kI bAta sAdhaka ke mana meM pahale se hI na biThAI jAtI to Aja taka jaina paramparA meM yoga kA adhika

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138 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa vikAsa huA hotaa|' sAdhanA karane vAle saba vyaktiyoM kA adhyavasAya samAna nahIM hotaa| unakI kSamatA bhI samAna nahIM hotI / gati meM tAratamya hotA hai| kiMtu lakSya samAna hotA hai| kauna kitanA Age bar3ha sake, yaha usa para nirbhara hai / pahale hI hama use avarodha paTTa dikhA deM ki tuma isase Age nahIM jA sakate to usake caraNa prArambha meM hI ThiThaka jAte haiN| AcArya hemacaMdra ne kalikAla ke nimitta se nirmita kie gae avarodhoM ko tor3ane ke lie mahattvapUrNa ciMtana prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne likhA ki--- 'suSamAkAla meM sAdhaka lambI tapasyA ke bAda phala prApta karate the| yaha kalikAla hI aisA hai, jisameM sAdhaka alpakAlIna tapasyA se hI phala prApta kara letA hai| phira kalikAla kyA burA hai ? hameM kRtayuga se kyA prayojana ?' 'prabho ! suSamA [kRtayuga] kI apekSA duSamA [kalikAla] meM tumhArI kRpA adhika phalavatI hotI hai| kalpataru meru kI apekSA marubhUmi meM adhika zlAghanIya hotA hai|' 'kalyANa-siddhi ke lie yaha kalikAla kasauTI hai| agni ke binA agara kI gaMdha prasphuTita nahIM hotii| 'maiM yuga-yuga taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa kara cukA, kiMtu tumhArA darzana nahIM milaa| maiM isa kalikAla ko namaskAra karatA hUM jisameM tumhAre darzana mile|' 'loga kahate haiM ki kalikAla meM loga bahuta ucchRkhala aura duSTa hote haiM / kyA kRtayuga meM aise loga nahIM the ? yaha saca hai ki usa yuga meM bhI aise loga the / phira hama kalikAla para vyartha hI kyoM kupita hote haiM ?' kucha-kucha AcAryoM ne kAlahetuka avarodhoM ko samApta karane kA prayatna kiyA, kiMtu ve susthira ho cuke the| unakA unmUlana nahIM kiyA jA skaa| adhyAtma ke unmeSa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana AtmA kA darzana hai| usake Adi, madhya aura aMta meM sarvatra AtmA hI AtmA hai| usakI gaharAiyoM meM jAne kA prayatna adhyAtma hai| isa biMdu ko AcArya kundakunda ne sarvAdhika vikasita kiyaa| ve jaina paramparA meM adhyAtma

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 136. ke mukhya pravaktA the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa ke cAra mArga batalAe - jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa / inakI vyAkhyA anekoM AcAryoM ne kI / ve saba vyAkhyAeM vyavahAranaya para Azrita haiM / vyavahAranaya sthUla aura buddhigamya dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karatA hai / nizcayanaya kA dRSTikoNa sUkSma aura Atmagamya hai / adhyAtma kA pravaktA nizcayanaya kA Alambana lekara calatA hai / AcArya kundakunda kI aneka vyAkhyAeM aura sthApanAeM nizcayanaya para avalambita haiM / unhoMne nizcayanaya ke AdhAra para kahA - 'AtmA ko jAnanA hI samyak jJAna hai, use dekhanA hI samyak darzana hai aura usameM ramaNa karanA hI samyak cAritra hai / ' unhoMne vyavahAranaya kA asvIkAra nahIM kiyA aura sAmAjika jIvana meM usakA asvIkAra kiyA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / tattva ke gahana paryAyoM taka hara AdamI nahIM pahuMca sktaa| usakI pahuMca tattva ke kucheka sthUla paryAyoM taka hotI hai / use vAstavika satya taka le jAne ke lie sthUla satya kA Alambana lenA Avazyaka hotA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne isa tathya ko eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA / eka vyakti sImAMta ke pradeza meM gayA / use eka AdamI milA / usane Agantuka ko namaskAra kiyA / Agantuka ne use svasti kahakara AzIrvAda diyA / sImAntavAsI use samajha nahIM sakA / Agantuka ne sImAnta pradeza kI bhASA meM AzIrvAda diyA, taba vaha bahuta prasanna huA aura usane svasti kA artha bhI jAna liyA / jaise sImAntavAsI ko sImAnta kI bhASA ke binA samajhAnA zakya nahIM hai, vaise hI vyavahAradRSTi vAle vyakti ko vyavahAranaya ke mAdhyama ke binA vAstavika satya samajhAnA zakya nahIM hai / vyavahAra kI bhUmikA para jIne vAle dhArmika loga svarga ke pralobhana aura narka ke bhaya se hI dharma kI bAta socate haiM / unakI dRSTi puNya aura pApa taka pahuMcatI hai / paramArthadarzI kI dRSTi meM AtmA hI saba kucha hai / AtmA kI bhUmikA meM puNya kA koI mahattva nahIM hai / vyavahAradRSTi ke loga kahate haiM ki azubha karma kuzIla haiM aura zubhakarma suzIla haiM / kintu AcArya kundakunda kA tarka hai ki zubha kArya saMsAra meM praveza karAtA hai, phira vaha suzIla kaise ? jaise lohe kI ber3I manuSya ko bAMdhatI hai, vaise hI sone kI ber3I bhI

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140 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa bAMdhatI hai| azubha aura zubha donoM hI karma jIva ko bAMdhate haiM, mumukSu vyakti ke lie donoM hI vAMchanIya nahIM haiN| paramArthadRSTi [nizcayanaya] se vyakti saMsAra aura mokSa ke hetuoM ko nahIM jaante| isIlie ve ajJAnavaza puNya kI icchA karate haiN| vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM bhI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne puNya aura pApa ko isI koNa se dekhaa| unhoMne sukha-duHkha kI mImAMsA karate hue likhA-'puNya kA phala duHkha hI hai kyoMki vaha karma kA udaya hI hai| jaise karma kA udaya hone ke kAraNa pApa kA phala duHkha hotA hai|' vikrama kI unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya bhikSu ne puNya aura pApa kI nizcayanaya se mImAMsA kii| unhoMne likhA-puNya vAMchanIya nahIM hai / usakI icchA karane se bhI pApa kA baMdha hotA hai| jaise-jaise nyAyazAstra yA tarkazAstra kA vikAsa hotA gayA, vaise-vaise sAmpradAyika abhiniveza aura vAda-vivAda bar3hatA gyaa| maharSi gautama ne jalpa, vitaNDA, chala aura jAti ko tattva rUpa meM svIkRti dii| usakA prayoga prAyaH sabhI tAkika karane lge| jaina AcAryoM ke sAmane lokaSaNA aura lokasaMgraha kA prazna gauNa thA, ahiMsA kA prazna mukhya / ve tarka ke zretra meM praveza karake bhI ahiMsA ko nahIM chor3a sakate the| unhoMne tarka para adhyAtma ke aMkuza ko rakhanA sadA pasaMda kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena mahAn tArkika the| unhoMne jaina paramparA ko tArkika daSTi se samRddha kiyA thaa| phira bhI vivAda aura vitaNDA unheM kAmya nahIM the| unhoMne likhA-'do gAMva se Ane vAle aura eka mAMsa-piNDa meM lubdha hokara paraspara lar3anevAle kuttoM meM bhI maitrI ho sakatI hai, kintu vAda-vivAda karane vAle do bhAiyoM meM maitrI nahIM ho sktii|' ahiMsAzUnya vAda para unakA yaha tIkhA vyaMga hai| yaha vyaMga ke lie vyaMga nahIM, kintu isake pIche eka siddhAMta hai| ahiMsA yA adhyAtma ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karanevAlA isI bhASA meM socegA aura bolegaa| unhoMne apane samaya kI sthiti kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai--'zreya kisI dUsarI dizA meM hai aura hamAre dhuraMdhara vAdI kisI dUsarI dizA meM jA rahe haiM / kisI bhI muni ne vAk-yuddha ko ziva kA upAya nahIM batalAyA hai|' siddhasena, samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne anekAMta ke bIja ko

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 141 vikasita kiyA vaise hI haribhadrasUri ne samAdhi-yoga kA bIja vikasita kiyaa| maharSi pataMjali ke yogadarzana kI prasiddhi ke bAda pratyeka darzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati yoga ke nAma se prasiddha ho gaI / jaina dharma kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA nAma mokSamArga thaa| haribhadrasari ne mokSamArga ko yoga ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| isa viSaya meM yogavizikA, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yoga bindu, yogazataka unakI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiN| unhoMne yoga kI paribhASA kI - 'dharma kI samagra pravRtti, mokSa ke sAtha yoga karAtI hai, isalie vaha yoga hai|' isameM maharSi pataMjali ko 'yogazcittavRtti-nirodhaH', gItA kI 'samatvaM yoga ucyate', 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' ina saba paribhASAoM kI samanviti hai| haribhadrasUri mahAn tAkika-pratibhA-saMpanna the| phira bhI unakA mata yaha thA ki prekSAvAn manuSyoM ko tattvasiddhi ke lie adhyAtma-yoga kA hI saha rA lenA caahie| vAda-grantha unake lie paryApta nahIM hai| AtmA kA anubhava una vyaktiyoM ko hotA hai jo dhyAna kI gaharAI meM utarate haiM / aise vyakti bahuta kama hote haiM / sAdhAraNa jana anugamana karatA hai| anugamana karane vAloM meM na apanA anubhava hotA hai aura na kisI satya kA sAkSAtkAra / isalie ve apanI anubhUti se nahIM clte| ve dUsaroM kI anubhUti ko mAnakara calate haiN| dharma ke kSetra meM aise logoM kI bahulatA hotI hai taba adhyAtma kI jyoti vAda-vivAda kI rAkha se Dhaka jAtI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne samanvaya kI dhArA ko pravAhita kara adhyAtma kI jyoti ko prajvalita rakhane kA mahattvapUrNa prayatna kiyA hai| anekAnta kI dRSTi aura syAdvAda kI bhASA unheM prApta thii| unhoMne usakA upayoga kara janatA ko batAyA ki adhyAtma sabakA eka hai| yaha dikhAI denevAlA bheda nirUpaNa kA hai| jitane nirUpaNa ke prakAra haiM, utane hI naya haiN| naya sApekSa hote haiN| Apa eka naya ko dUsare naya se nirapekSa kara dekhate haiM taba dono nayo meM virodha pratibhAsita hotA hai| do nayoM ko samanvita kara dekhate haiM taba ve dono eka-dUsare ke pUraka rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiM, vastu-jagat meM koI asaMgati nahIM hai / yaha asaMgati ekAMgI dRSTikoNa meM utpanna hotI hai| AcArya akalaMka ne caitanya aura acaitanya kA samanvaya kiyaa| unake matAnusAra inameM asAmaM

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142 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa jasya nahIM hai / ye dono dharma eka sAtha rahate haiM / jJAna aura darzana kI dRSTi se AtmA cetana hai| prameyatva Adi dharmoM kI dRSTi se vaha acetana bhI hai / AtmA kevala caitanya dharma kI dRSTi se hI cetana hai| vaha ekadharmA nahIM hai, kintu ananta-dharmA hai / zeSa dharma acetana haiN| isalie vaha cetanAcetanAtmaka hai| siddhasena, samantabhadra, akalaMka, haribhadrasUri, devanaMdI, hemacaMdra, yazovijayajI Adi manISiyoM ne saba darzanoM kA samanvaya kara adhyAtma kA nirvivAda dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyaa| unhoMne jaina-zAstroM meM carcita viSayoM ko sAMkhya, bauddha Adi darzanoM se tulanA kI aura unameM carcita viSayoM kI jaina darzana se tulanA kii| AcArya siddhasena ne darzanoM kA anekAnta dRSTi se tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke bAda yaha mata prakaTa kiyA ki jina darzanoM ko mithyA mAnA jA rahA hai, ve ekAMgI daSTi se dekhane para mithyA haiN| sApekSa daSTi se dekhA jAe to mithyA pratibhAsita hone vAle sAre darzana samanvita hokara eka samyak darzana kA nirmANa kara dete haiN| jaina darzana sApekSavAdI darzana hai| isa AdhAra para unhoMne eka paribhASA nirmita kI - mithyAdarzanoM kA samUha hI jaina darzana hai| isa yukti ko sAmane rakhakara kacha Adhanika vidvAnoM ne yaha dhAraNA prasArita kI hai ki jaina darzana kA maulika deya kucha bhI nahIM hai / usane dUsare darzanoM se udhAra lekara apane darzana ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| yaha saca hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne dUsare darzanoM ke upayogI tattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki usakA koI maulika AdhAra nahIM hai| par3osI darzana eka-dUsare ke vicAroM ko grahaNa karate hI haiM / jaina AcAryoM ne anekAntavAdI hone ke kAraNa dUsare darzanoM ke dRSTikoNa ko muktabhAva se apnaayaa| isase unake darzana kI AdhArahInatA prakaTa nahIM hotI, unakI samanvaya-bhAvanA hI prakaTa hotI hai / haribhadrasUri ne 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' meM paraspara-virodhI pratibhAsita hone vAle dArzanika tattvoM kA adbhata samanvaya kiyA hai| unakA vaha grantha samanvaya-granthoM meM advitIya hai| unakA nizcita siddhAnta thA ki adhyAtmacetA vidvAn ke lie koI bhI siddhAMta apanA yA parAyA nahIM hotaa| jo siddhAMta pratyakSa aura anumAna se abAdhita hotA hai, vahI usakA apanA siddhAnta hotA hai| yaha

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143 cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga dRSTikoNa adhyAtma ke kSetra meM eka mahattvapUrNa unmeSa hai| vyavahAra jagat nAma aura rUpa se AkrAnta hotA hai| adhyAtma meM guNa kI hI pratiSThA hotI hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne somanAtha ke maMdira meM zivaliMga ke samakSa ciMtana kI muktadhArA pravAhita kii| usase unake pratispardhI bhI natamastaka ho ge| unhoMne kahA, 'bhavaboja ke aMkura ko paidA karane vAle rAga aura dveSa kSoNa ho cuke haiM, usa vItarAga AtmA ko maiM namaskAra karatA hUM, phira usakA nAma brahmA, viSNu, mahAdeva yA jina kucha bhI ho|' vItarAgatA aura anekAnta, ye donoM adhyAtma ke prakAzastambha haiM / vItarAgatA AtmA kA zuddha rUpa hai / usakI anubhUti kA kSaNa hI Atmopalabdhi kA kSaNa hai / anekAMta satya ke sAkSAtkAra kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne apane saMpUrNa AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha kahA - 'saba pratipakSa mere sAkSI haiM / maiM unake samakSa yaha udAra ghoSaNA karatA hUM ki vItarAga se adhika koI deva nahIM hai aura anekAnta ke atirikta koI naya nahIM hai|' ___ adhyAtma ke kalpavRkSa kI zAkhAeM tIna haiM-samyag jJAna, samyag darzana aura samyaga cAritra / jJAna aura darzana kA samanvita rUpa darzana hai| cAritra dharma hai| darzana aura dharma-ye donoM zAkhAeM adhyAtma se avicchinna rahatI haiM taba satya ko abhivyakti milatI hai aura vartamAna jIvana meM prakAza ko razmiyAM phaTatI haiN| jaba darzana aura dharma adhyAtma se vicchinna ho jAte haiM taba satya Avata ho jAtA hai aura vartamAna aMdhakAra se bhara jAtA hai / paurANika kAla meM dharma kI dhAraNAeM badala giiN| usakA mukhya rUpa pAralaukika ho gyaa| vaha vartamAna se kaTakara bhaviSya se jur3a gyaa| jana-mAnasa meM yaha dhAraNA sthira ho gaI ki dharma se paraloka sudharatA hai, svarga milatA hai, mokSa milatA hai| isa dhAraNA ne janatA ko dharma kI vArtamAnika upalabdhiyoM se vaMcita kara bhaviSya ke sunahale svapnoM ke jagata meM pratiSThita kara diyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA thA'dharma kA phala vartamAna kAla meM hI hotA hai / jisa kSaNa meM usakA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usI kSaNa meM karma kA nirodha yA kSaya hotA hai| dharma kA mukhya phala yahI hai|' jisake karma kA nirodha yA kSaya

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144 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa hotA hai usakA citta nirmala, vRttiyAM zAMta, indriyAM prazAnta, aura vyavahAra pavitra hotA hai| usake mana meM svarga kA pralobhana aura naraka kA bhaya jAgRta hI nahIM hotA hai / puNyavAdI dhArA ke pravAha meM yaha vyAkhyA agamya ho rahI thI taba umAsvAti ne eka nayA citana prastuta kiyA--'svarga ke sUkha parokSa haiM, ataH unake bAre meM tumheM vicikitsA ho sakatI hai| mokSa kA sukha unase bhI adhika parokSa hai / ataH usake viSaya meM bhI tuma saMdigdha ho sakate ho| kintu dharma se prApta hone vAlA zAMti kA sukha pratyakSa hai / ise prApta karane meM tuma svataMtra ho| yaha artha-vyaya se prApta nahIM hotA kintu AtmAnubhUti meM praveza karane se prApta hotA hai|' 'tuma kahate ho, marane ke bAda mokSa milatA hai kintu yaha saca nahIM hai| jo vartamAna kSaNa meM nahIM milatA, vaha marane ke bAda kaise milegA? yadi tumheM vartamAna kSaNa meM mokSa kI anubhUti nahIM to marane ke bAda bhI mokSa nahIM mila sktaa| isI jIvana meM aura isI kSaNa meM mokSa ho sakatA hai, yaha bahata hI AzcaryakArI bAta hai| logoM kI dhAraNA ke sarvathA viparIta hai| kintu AcArya ne batAyA- 'jo vyakti jAti, kala, bala, rUpa, aizvarya aura jJAna ke mada ko nirasta kara detA hai, kAmavAsanA para vijaya pA letA hai, kAyika, bAcika aura mAnasika vikRtiyoM se zUnya ho jAtA hai aura AkAMkSA se mukti pA letA hai, use isI janma meM aura isI kSaNa meM mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai|' sAmAjika jIvana meM anaitikatA kA praveza Arthika pralobhana ke kAraNa hotA hai| hara manuSya jAnatA hai ki jisane janma liyA hai, usakI mRtyu nizcita hai| mRtyu ke bAda kyA hogA- yaha prazna bhI hara AdamI ke sAmane ubharatA hai / kucha loga punarjanma ko asvIkAra karate haiM, kintu bahuta loga use svIkAra karate haiN| use svIkAra karane vAle bhAvI jIvana ko vartamAna jIvana se utkRSTa cAhate haiM / usake lie ve dharma kI zaraNa meM Ate haiM / dharma kA maulika rUpa haiindriya kA saMyama, mana kA saMyama, samatA kA abhyAsa, vizuddha AcaraNa aura ajita saMskAroM ko kSINa karane ke lie jJAnapUrNa tapa / yaha mArga durgama pratIta hotA hai| janatA ko sarala mArga caahie| dharma ke pravaktAoM meM jaise-jaise lokaiSaNA kA bhAva prabala haA, vaise

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga vaise unhoMne dharma ko saralatA kI dizA meM le jAne kA prayatna kiyaa| phalataH AcAra-dharma yA saMyama-dharma kA sthAna upAsanA-dharma ne le liyaa| yaha sarala hone ke kAraNa janasAdhAraNa ko apanI ora adhika AkRSTa kara skaa| bhagavAna kI bhakti, nAma kA japa aura pUjA karane meM pAralaukika jIvana ko utkarSa kA AzvAsana hai aura AcAra-zuddhi, vyavahAra-zuddhi tathA indriya-saMyama ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA tIvra adhyavasAya aura puruSArtha bhI apekSita nahIM hai| dharma kI isa dhAraNA ne dhArmika kI saMkhyA meM bAr3ha lA dI, kintu dharma-cetanA ko sImita kara diyaa| Aja yaha prazna pUchA jAtA hai ki itane dharmoM ke hone para bhI manuSya itanA azAMta kyoM ? itanA kra ra kyoM ? itanA anaitika kyoM ? upAsanA-pradhAna dharma ke pAsa ina praznoM kA koI uttara nahIM hai / saMyama-pradhAna dharma ina praznoM kA uttara de sakatA thA, kintu vaha vartamAna meM dharma ke siMhAsana para AsIna nahIM hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne dharma kI isI sthiti para ciMtana kiyA aura unhone anubhava kI bhASA meM likhA --'vItarAga! tumhArI pUjA karane kI apekSA tumhAre AdezoM kA pAlana karanA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| tumhAre AdezoM kA pAlana karane vAlA satya ko prApta hotA hai aura unakA pAlana nahIM karane vAlA bhaTaka jAtA hai|' prazna upasthita huA, vItarAga kA Adeza kyA hai ? AcArya ne uttara diyA-unakA Adeza hai, saMvara-mana kA saMvaraNa, vANI kA saMvaraNa, kAyA kA saMvaraNa aura zvAsa kA saMvaraNa / dharma kI isa dhArA ke vikAsa se dhArmikoM kI saMkhyA sImita ho sakatI hai kintu dharma-cetanA ko vyApaka hone kI sphati milegii| yaha rUpAntara dharma ko adhyAtma ke kalpavRkSa se vicchinna nahIM hone degA aura usake sAmane prastuta praznoM kA sakriya samAdhAna de skegaa| dharma kA sUtra AtmA se AtmA ko dekho-- yaha dharma kA sUtra hai| rAjanIti kA sUtra isase bhinna hotA hai| usakA sUtra hai- dUsaroM ko dekho| jo AtmA ko dekhatA hai, AtmA kI AvAja sunatA hai aura AtmA kI vANI bolatA hai, vaha dhArmika hotA hai| isIlie umAsvAti ne dhArmika ko dUsaroM kI dRSTi se andha, badhira aura mUka kahA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne isa cintana ko mArmika DhaMga se vikasita

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146 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa kiyaa| unhoMne likhA- 'jo sAdhaka AtmA kI pravRtti meM jAgarUka aura para-pravRttiyoM ke lie andha, mUka aura badhira hai, vahI samatva ko prApta kara sakatA hai|' gAMdhIjI ke tIna baMdaroM ke saMdarbha ko ina prAcIna uktiyoM meM khojA jA sakatA hai| samatA kI anubhUti kA utsa Atma-darzana hai / usakA AcaraNa AtmadazA meM hI prasphuTita hotA hai| AcArya somadeva samatA ke AcaraNa ko saba AcaraNoM meM zreSTha batalAte haiN| unhoMne rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI samatA ke AcaraNa ko pratiSThita karane kI bAta khii| kintu usako vyAvahArika rUpa nahIM milaa| dharma sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho cukA thaa| phalataH sAmAjika stara para hone vAlA vikAsa sAmpradAyika stara para ho nahIM skaa| hara sampradAya apanI sammata vidhiyoM ko samAja meM lAgU karanA cAhatA thaa| zaiva sampradAya ke utkarSa-kAla meM jainoM aura bauddhoM ko zaiva paddhatiyoM ko apanAne ke lie bAdhya kiyA gyaa| bauddhoM ne isa sthiti ko mAnya nahIM kiyA / bahuta sAre jainoM ne bhI use mAnyatA nahIM dii| kucha jaina muni madhyama mArga ke pakSa meM the| unhoMne samajhautAvAdI manovRtti apanAyI aura nayA cintana prastuta kiyaa| usa ciMtana ke pIche tIna dRSTiyAM parilakSita hotI haiM 1. samanvaya kI manovRtti / 2. sAmAjika mUlyoM kI parivartanazIlatA kA siddhAMta / 3. zaivoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva kI sthiti meM jaina paramparA ko banAe rkhnaa| jaina dharma meM dIkSita vyakti ko samanvaya kA saMskAra sahaja hI milatA hai| samanvayavAdI virodha meM bhI avirodha khojatA hai / anekAMta ke anusAra sarvathA virodha hotA hI nahIM, isalie virodha meM bhI avirodha kA srota upalabdha ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvana ke zAzvata mUlyoM kI vyAkhyA kii| unhoMne sAmAjika mUlyoM ko parivartanazIla btaayaa| isIlie jaina dharma meM sAmAjika vyavasthA kA koI vidhAna nahIM hai / sAmAjika vyavasthAeM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| kisI bhI samAja-vyavasthA ko mAnane vAlA vyakti dharma ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai| usa sthiti meM samAja-vyavasthA aura dharma ko eka sUtra meM nahIM piroyA jA

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 147 sakatA / kucha sampradAya dharma ko jAti kA rUpa de rahe the| yaha saMgaThana ke lie ucita ho sakatA hai, kintu dharma ke lie isakI zreSThatA nahIM sAdhI jA sktii| jo dharma jAti ke rUpa meM saMgaThita hai, usameM sAmpradAyikatA, kaTTaratA aura Agraha adhika hai, dharma km| dharma AtmA kI pavitra anubhUti hai, use vyavasthA ke stara para vikasita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| somadevasUri ne samanvaya kI bhASA meM kahA-gRhastha ke lie do dharma hote haiM- laukika aura pAralaukika / laukika dharma lokAzrita hai aura pAralaukika dharma AgamAzrita / jainoM ke lie vaha samagra laukika vyavasthA pramANa hai, jise mAnya karane para samyaktva kI hAni aura vrata dUSita na ho| isa samanvaya kI dhArA ke do phalita hue-sAmAjika sAmaMjasya aura saiddhAMtika zaithilya / zaiva-sammata samAja-vyavasthA ko mAna lene para sAmAjika ekatA kA anubhava huaa| usa sthiti meM jainoM para hone vAle prahAra kama ho ge| unheM apanI paramparA ko vyavasthita rakhane kA avasara mila gyaa| sAtha-sAtha kucha mUlya bhI cukAnA pdd'aa| jaina muni aba taka jAtivAda para nirantara prahAra kara rahe the, kintu vaidika samAja-vyavasthA ke sAtha jur3a jAne para varNavyavasthA aura jAti-vyavasthA ko bhI dhIme-dhIme mAnyatA denI pdd'ii| jaina paramparA ke hAtha se eka bar3A krAMtisUtra chUTa gayA-kala taka ve jisakA khaNDana karate the, Aja usakA samarthana karane laga ge| sAdhana-zuddhi AdhyAtmika jagat kA sAdhya hai-AtmA kI pavitratA aura usakA sAdhana bhI vahI hai / AtmA kI apavitratA kabhI bhI Atmika pavitratA kA sAdhana nahIM bana sktii| pahale kSaNa kA sAdhana dUsare kSaNa meM sAdhya bana jAtA hai aura vahI usake agale caraNa kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| pahale kSaNa kA jo sAdhya hai, vaha agale kSaNa ke lie sAdhana hai| pavitratA hI sAdhya hai aura vahI sAdhana / sAdhya aura sAdhana kI ekatA ke vicAra ko AcArya bhikSu ne jo saiddhAMtika rUpa diyA, vaha unase pahale nahIM miltaa| zuddha sAdhya ke lie sAdhana bhI zaddha hone cAhie, isa vicAra ko unakI bhASA meM jo abhivyakti milI, vaha unase pahale nahIM milii| sAdhya aura

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.148 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa sAdhana kI zuddhi kA siddhAnta aba rAjanItika carcA meM bhI utara AyA hai| AcArya bhikSu ne do zatAbdI pUrva kahA thA-zuddha sAdhya kA sAdhana azuddha nahIM ho sakatA aura zuddha sAdhana kA sAdhya azuddha nahIM ho sktaa| mokSa sAdhya hai aura usakA sAdhana hai saMyama / vaha saMyama ke dvArA hI prApta ho sakatA hai| jo vyakti laDDuoM ke lie tapasyA karate haiM, ve kabhI bhI dharmI nahIM haiM aura isa uddezya se tapasyA karane vAloM ko jo laDDU khilAte haiM, ve bhI dharmI nahIM haiM / jo sAdhana acche nahIM hote ve sAdhya kA hI aMta kara dete haiMisakA udAharaNa AcArya bhikSu ne prastuta kiyA hai| deva, guru aura dharma kI upAsanA dhArmika kA sAdhya hai| upAsanA kA sAdhana hai ahiMsA / kiMtu jo vyakti hiMsA ke dvArA unakI upAsanA karatA hai, vaha upAsanA ke mArga se bhaTaka jAtA hai| jo hiMsA ke dvArA dharma karanA cAhatA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai / samyagdRSTi vaha hai jo dharma ke lie hiMsA nahIM krtaa| lohU se lipaTA huA pItAmbara lohU se sApha nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra hiMsA se hiMsA kA zodhana nahIM hotaa| vartamAna rAjanIti meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM haiMsAmyavAdI aura itara saamyvaadii| janatA kA jIvana-stara UMcA karanA donoM kA lakSya hai para paddhatiyAM donoM kI bhinna haiN| sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA yaha hai- lakSya kI pUrti ke lie sAdhana kI zuddhi kA vicAra Avazyaka nahIM hai| lakSya yadi acchA hai to usakI pUrti ke lie bure sAdhanoM kA prayoga bhI Avazyaka ho to vaha karanA caahie| eka bAra thor3A aniSTa hotA hai aura Age iSTa adhika hotA hai / gAMdhIvAdI vicAra yaha hai ki jitanA mahattva lakSya kA hai utanA hI sAdhana kA / lakSya kI pUrti yenakena-prakAreNa nahIM, kiMtu ucita sAdhanoM ke dvArA hI karanI caahie| AcArya bhikSa ke samaya meM bhI sAdhana-zuddhi ke vicAra ko mahattva na dene vAlI mAnyatA thii| usake anuyAyI kahate theprayojanavaza dharma ke lie bhI hiMsA kA avalambana liyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAra thor3I hiMsA hotI hai, kiMtu Age usase bahuta dharma hotA hai|

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 146 _ AcArya bhikSu ne ise mAnyatA nahIM dii| unhoMne kahA-bAda meM dharma yA pApa hogA, isase vartamAna acchA yA burA nahIM bntaa| kArya kI kasauTI vartamAna hI hai / jisake mana meM dayA kA bhAva uThA, usake lie dayA kA sAdhana hai upadeza / aura jisake mana meM dayA kA bhAva utpanna karanA hai usake lie dayA kA sAdhana hai hRdaya-parivartana / AtmavAdI kA sAdhya hai mokSa -- AtmA kA pUrNa vikaas| usake sAdhana haiM-samyaka darzana, samyaka jJAna aura samyaka cAritra / ajJAnI ko jJAnI, mithyAdaSTi ko samyakdRSTi aura asaMyamI ko saMyamI banAnA sAdhya ke anukUla yaha sAdhya aura sAdhana kI saMgati hai| inakI visaMgati taba hotI hai jaba yA to sAdhya anAtmika hotA hai yA sAdhana / hRdaya-parivartana manuSya kI pravRtti ke nimitta tIna haiM-zakti, prabhAva aura sahajavRtti / sattA se zakti, sambandha se prabhAva aura hRdaya-parivartana se sahajavRtti kA udaya hotA hai| zakti rAjya-saMsthA kA AdhAra hai / prabhAva samAja-saMsthA yA bhautika jIvana kA AdhAra hai / sahajavRtti hRdaya kI pavitratA kA AdhAra hai| zakti se prerita ho manuSya ko kArya karanA par3atA hai| prabhAva se prerita hokara manuSya socatA hai ki vaha kArya mujhe karanA caahie| sahajavRtti se prerita ho manuSya socatA hai ki yaha kArya karanA merA dharma hai / saba loga ahiMsaka yA mokSArthI ho jAeM yaha kalpanA ThIka hai, para sabako ahiMsaka yA mokSArthI banA deMge, yaha zakti kA sUtra hai| hameM yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hogI ki zakti ke dhAge meM sabako eka sAtha bAMdhane kI jhamatA hai para usase vyakti ke svatantra manobhAva kA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vaha vyakti-vyakti kI cAritrika ayogyatA kA nidarzana hai| ApasI sambandhoM se prabhAvita hokara jo ahiMsaka banatA hai, vaha ahiMsA kI upAsanA nahIM krtaa| vaha sambandhoM ko banAe rakhane kI prakriyA hai| prabhAva manuSyoM ko bAMdhatA hai para vaha mAnasika anubhUti kI sthUla rekhA hai, isalie usameM sthAyitva nahIM hotaa| mohANuoM tathA padArthoM se prabhAvita vyakti jo kArya karate haiM usake lie hama ahiMsA kI kalpanA hI nahIM kara skte| zakti

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150 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa ke dabAva aura bAharI prabhAva se rikta mAnasa meM jo Atmaupamya kA bhAva jAgatA hai, vaha hRdaya parivartana hai / hRdaya vahI hotA hai, usakI vRtti badalatI hai, isalie use hRdaya parivartana kahA jAtA hai / zakti aura prabhAva se dabakara jo hiMsA se baca jAtA hai, vaha hiMsA kA prayoga bhale na ho, kintu vaha hRdaya kI pavitratA nahIM hai, isalie use hRdaya parivartana nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ahiMsA kA AcaraNa vahI kara sakatA hai jisakA hRdaya badala jAe / ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu karAyA nahIM jA sakatA / ahiMsaka vahI ho sakatA hai jo apane ko bAharI vAtA - varaNa se sarvathA aprabhAvita rakha sake / bAharI vAtAvaraNa se hamArA tAtparya zakti, mohANu aura padArtha se hai / inameM se kisI eka se bhI prabhAvita AtmA hiMsA se nahIM baca sakatI / AkramaNa ke prati AkramaNa aura zakti prayoga ke prati zaktiprayoga kara hama hiMsA ke prayogAtmaka rUpa ko TAlane meM saphala ho sakeM, yaha sambhava hai, para vaisA kara hama hRdaya ko pavitra kara sakeM yA karA sakeM yaha sambhava nahIM hai / AcArya bhikSu ne kahA- zakti ke prayoga se jIvana kI surakSA kI jA sakatI hai, para vaha ahiMsA nahIM hai / ahiMsA kA aMkana jIvana yA maraNa se nahIM hotA, usakI abhivyakti hRdaya kI pavitratA se hotI hai / naitikatA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gRhastha ke lie jo AcAra-saMhitA nirdhArita kI usameM naitikatA kA mukhya sthAna hai / gRhastha sAmAjika prANI hai / vaha samAja meM jItA hai| usakA vyavahAra samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hai / adhyAtma vaiyaktika hai / usakA vyavahAra meM par3ane vAlA pratibimba vaiyaktika nahIM hotA, vaha sAmAjika ho jAtA hai / dhArmika vyakti apane antaHkaraNa meM AdhyAtmika rahe aura vyavahAra meM pUrA adhArmika, yaha dvaidha adhyAtma kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / adhyAtma Antarika vastu hai / use hama nahIM dekha sakate / usakA darzana vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se hotA hai / jisa vyakti kA vyavahAra zuddha, nizchala aura karuNApUrNa hotA hai, vaha vyakti AdhyAtmika hai / usakA vyavahAra adhyAtma ko bAhya jagat meM pratibimbita kara detA hai| kiMtu jaise-jaise dharma ke kSetra meM bahirmukhI bhAva bar3hatA gayA, vaise

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cintana ke vikAsa meM jaina AcAryoM kA yoga 151 vaise dhArmika kA vyaktitva virUpa banatA gayA - eka rUpa upAsanA ke - samaya kA aura dUsarA rUpa sAmAjika vyavahAra ke samaya kA / eka hI vyakti upAsanA ke samaya vItarAga kI pratimUrti bana jAtA hai| aura dukAna yA kAryAlaya meM krUra bana jAtA hai / AcAryazrI tulasI ne dharma ke kSetra meM panapa rahI isa dvirUpatA para cintana kara dharmakrAMti kI AvAja uThAI / usakI kriyAnviti ke lie aNuvrata kA kAryakrama prastuta kiyaa| usakI pRSThabhUmi meM unakA ciMtana zAzvata hone ke sAtha-sAtha bahuta hI yugIna hai / anaitika kA mUla hetu vaiSamya hai / sAmya kI sthiti kA nirmANa kie binA naitikatA ko vikasita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sarvadharma samabhAva aura zAstrajJa 1 bhinna-bhinna sampradAya dharma ke bhinna-bhinna svara uccArita kara rahe the / dhArmika janatA bahuta asamaMjasa meM thI / kisa svara meM dharma kA sparza hai aura kisameM nahIM, yaha nirNaya bahuta kaThina ho rahA thA / pratyeka svara kI puSTi ke lie purAne zAstroM ko sAkSya die jA rahe the / unake samarthana meM naye zAstra aura naye bhASya likhe jA rahe the / isa zAstrAkIrNa dharma meM janatA kA praveza nahIM ho rahA thA / usa sthiti meM syAdvAda ke anucintaka manISiyoM ne dharma aura zAstra ke viSaya meM nayA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne zAstrajJa kI pahacAna ke lie tIna mAnadaNDa prastuta kie - anekAMta, madhyasthabhAva aura upazama - kaSAya kI zAMti / unhoMne kahA - ' jo vyakti mokSa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue anekAnta cakSu saba darzanoM kI tulyatA ko dekhatA hai, vahI zAstrajJa hai / manuSya meM jhukAva kI manovRtti hotI hai / vaha apane anukUla ciMtana aura tarka ke prati jhuka jAtA hai / jhukAva kA kAraNa rAga aura dveSa hai / jisameM rAga-dveSa ke upazamana kI sAdhanA nahIM hotI, vaha madhyastha yA taTastha nahIM ho sakatA / madhyastha bhAva ko prApta kie binA koI bhI vyakti zAstrajJa nahIM ho sakatA / upAdhyAyajI ne batAyA- 'mAdhyasthya bhAva se yukta eka pada kA jJAna bhI pramANa hai / mAdhyasthya - zUnya zAstra - koTi bhI vyartha hai / ' unakI bhASA meM madhyastha bhAva hI zAstra kA artha hai / vaha madhyastha bhAva se hI sahI -rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai /

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152 jaina paramparA kA itihAsa zAstrajJa loga dharmavAda ke sthAna para vivAda ko mahattva de rahe the| unako lakSya kara kahA gayA--- 'zamArtha sarvazAstrANi, vihitAni mniissibhiH| sa eva sarvazAstrajJaH, yasya zAntaM sadA mnH||' 'manISiyoM ne zAstroM kA nirmANa zAnti ke lie kiyaa| saba zAstroM ko jAnane vAlA vahI hai jisakA mana zAnta hai|' dharma ke nAma para azAnti ko ubhArane vAlA zAstrajJa nahIM ho sktaa| jo svayaM azAnta hai, vaha bhI zAstrajJa nahIM ho sktaa| zAstrIya Agraha karane vAle cintana ke vikAsa meM vizvAsa nahIM karate / kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vicAra kA bIja urvara mastiSka meM vikasita hotA rahatA hai / maiMne vicAra-bIja ke vikAsa kA saMkSipta itihAsa prastuta kiyA hai / vyApaka sandarbha meM isake zatazata pallavana dekhe jA sakate haiN|

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