Jain Kaviyo ke Brajbhasha Prabandh Kavyo ka Adhyayan

Author(s): Lalchand Jain
Publisher: Bharti Pustak Mandir
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010270/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. - The TFIC Team.

Page #2
jaina kaviyoM brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana

Page #3
- - - - jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana [vi0 saM0 1700-1600] rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca. DI. kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodhaprabandha - VERSITY LIBRAR 160CT1979) DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina ema.e., pIeca. DI. hindI-vibhAga snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, vanasthalI vidyApITha vanasthalI (rAjasthAna) bhAratI pustaka mandira, bharatapura

Page #4
prathama saMskaraNa : pharavarI, 1976 sarvAdhikAra : DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina mulya : 45-00 prakAzaka: bhAratI pustaka mandira, janarala aspatAla mArga, bharatapura mudraka : maoNDarna prinTarsa, bAga mujaphpharakhA~, AgarA-2

Page #5
samarpaNa zraddheya guruvara DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' jinase prApta sneha, zrama-zakti aura zodha-bodha mere jIvana sabase bar3I vibhUti hai|

Page #6
prAkkathana hindI bhASA aura sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jo mahattva saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM kA hai, vahI brajabhASA kA bhI hai| solahavIM zatAbdI se pahale hI brajabhASA kA rUpa taiyAra ho cukA thaa| kabIra kA brajabhASA-prayoga isakA pramANa hai aura yaha kathana 'sUra-pUrva-brajabhASA' se bhI samarthita ho jAtA hai / sattaraha, aThAraha aura unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM to brajabhASA kI dundubhi samasta deza meM baja gaI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki brajabhASA kA sAhitya jisa prakAra uttarI bhArata meM racA gayA, usI prakAra dakSiNI aura pUrvI bhArata meM bhii| asama ke sudUra pradeza meM gadya aura padya donoM meM hI brajabhASA sAhitya kI sRSTi huii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki gadya kI apekSA padya hI brajabhASA kI goda meM adhika phuulaaphlaa| dakSiNa kI dakkhinI hindI ke sAhitya ko bhI brajabhASA-prayogoM se bar3I preraNA milii| rAjasthAna, gujarAta, paMjAba Adi pradezoM meM bhI brajabhASA kA bolavAlA rhaa| isakA kAraNa cAhe puSTi sampradAya ke pracAra aura prasAra ko mAnA jAya athavA tatkAlIna kAvya-pravRtti ko, jisameM brajabhASA samAhata huii| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki ina zatAbdiyoM ke kaviyoM ne brajabhASA meM kAvya-sRSTi ko apanA gaurava mAnA aura isa gaurava kI upalabdhi ke prayatna meM jAti-pAMti aura sampradAya kA bheda eka bar3I sImA taka upekSita rhaa| isakA pramANa DiMgala ke kaviyoM kI brajabhASA-racanAe~ to haiM hI, jaina kaviyoM kI racanAe~ bhI haiM-una jaina kaviyoM kI, jo sAhitya-kalA ke kSetra meM anukaraNa karate hue bhI anukaraNIya kAma kara gaye haiN| una kaviyoM ne saskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, brajabhASA, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi aneka bhASAoM meM pUrNa tallInatA se sarasvatI kI sevA kI hai / ataeva unakI sArasvata upalabdhiyA~ anupekSaNIya hI nahIM mahanIya bhI haiN| mahanIyatA kI khoja jitanI sarala dikhAI de sakatI hai, vAstava meM utanI hai nhiiN| maiM isa bAta ko apane priya ziSya DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina ke sandarbha meM apane nijI anubhava ke AdhAra para kaha sakatA huuN| DaoN0 jaina ko maiMne pIeca0 DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie-'jaina kaviyoM ke ajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana' viSaya to de diyA aura unhoMne use sollAsa svIkAra bhI kara liyA, kintu

Page #7
unako yaha ullAsa jina bhrama-vivaroM meM liye ghUmatA rahA, yaha unakI tapasyA kI eka kahAnI hai| __ prathama to brajabhASA kI aisI racanAoM kI khoja karanA hI eka duSkara kArya thA kyoMki isa sAmagrI kA prabhUtAMza aprakAzita thaa| phira unake sammukha yaha samasyA bhI upasthita huI ki amuka kRti zuddha brajabhASA kI hai yA mizra; aura sAtha hI aneka kRtiyoM ke prabandhatva kI parIkSA bhI unakI apanI parIkSA thii| isI prakAra adhyayana ke kSetra meM aneka sthaloM para vargIkaraNa aura aneka tattvoM kI gaveSaNA kI samasyA bhI unake lie kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM thii| ___DaoN0 jaina kI prastuta zodhakRti unakI tapasyA kI siddhi hai / pratyakSataH agni aura svarNa kA koI sambandha nahIM hai, kinta svarNakAra kI yojanA ke antargata agni meM tapAyA huA sonA samucita samatApa ke pazcAt kaMcana bana jAtA hai| svarNakAra to svarNa ko yaktiyukta aura vyavasthita DhaMga se agni meM detA hai, kintu svarNa kI dazA kyA hotI hai, yaha ina zabdoM se spaSTa hai : svarNakAra ne svarNa jaba, diyau agni meM DAla / kA~pa uThyau pAnI bhayau, dekha parIkSA kAla // DaoN. jaina kI maiMne zodhakAlIna avasthA ko dekhA aura Aja maiM unako hindI ke eka vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM dekha rahA hU~, yaha unakI taponiSThA, sAdhanA aura sArasvata sevA-bhAvanA kA pariNAma hai| maiMne isa kArya ke nirdezana meM jo thor3I-bahuta bhUmikA nibhAyI, zAyada usakA bhI kucha pariNAma ho / mujhe prasannatA hai ki 'merA lAla' 'apanI lAlI' ko prakIrNa karane meM merI ruci ke anurUpa pravRtta hai| merI zubha kAmanA hai ki yaha lAlI dina-dUnI rAta caugunI ho / 10 janavarI 1676 I0 DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' ema.e., pIeca. DI., DI. liTa. AcArya, hindI-vibhAga rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura /

Page #8
nivedana bhAratIya vAGmaya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna avismaraNIya rahA hai| yadyapi jaina sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi dhArmika hai, kintu usakA kAvya tAttvika mUlya anupekSaNIya hai| aneka jaina bhaNDAra jainoM kI kAvya-pratibhA kA itihAsa prastuta kara rahe haiM, kintu vismaya kI bAta to yaha hai ki aba taka kisI Alocaka yA gaveSaka kA dhyAna isa ora nahIM gayA ki jaina kaviyoM kI vANI brajabhASA meM bhI sphurita huI hai| vidvAnoM dvArA isase pUrva yoM to jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa se sambandhita kucha kArya huA hai, kintu Alocya yuga ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM ke sAhityika mUlyAMkana kI ora kisI kI samyak dRSTi nahIM gayI hai| isa sambandha meM aba taka jo grantha prakAza meM Aye haiM, unameM mukhya ye haiM : hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa -zrI nAthUrAma premI hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa-zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana -DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi -DaoN. premasAgara jaina hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya -DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI rItikAla ke pramukha prabandhakAvya -DaoN0 indrapAlasiMha 'indra' rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstrabhaNDAroM kI sUcI-DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla hamAre kucha kAvyoM kA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa uparyukta kRtiyoM meM prastuta avazya kiyA gayA hai kintu inake adhyayana aura inake praNetAoM kI upalabdhiyoM para prakAza DAlane kA kArya kisI meM nahIM huaa| inake avalokana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki merA viSaya-'jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (vi0 saM0 1700-1600) achUtA rhaa| yaha viSaya do sau varSa kI sImAoM meM sImita hai| isake antargata hindI kA prAya: samagra rItikAla samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| viSaya kI paridhi ko dekhakara kucha loga yaha soca sakate haiM ki isa yuga ke jaina prabandha bhI rItikAlIna sAhityika pravRttiyoM se unmukta na hoMge, kintu ina kRtiyoM kA adhyayana isa anumAna ko anyathA siddha kara detA hai|

Page #9
( 10 ) jaina sAhitya kI yaha paramparA rahI hai ki yaha loka tattvoM ko AtmasAt karake calA hai aura isa paramparA kA anupAlana Alocya kRtiyoM meM bhI milatA hai; phira bhI kAvya-viSayaka navIna mAnyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha rItikAla meM vividha zailiyoM ke prabandhakAvyoM kA praNayana yugIna sAhitya itihAsa ko jaina kaviyoM kI nayI dena hai / jo ho, ina granthoM kA adhyayana karate samaya merA samparka paramparA aura navInatA, donoM se huA hai aura viSaya kI sImAoM meM maiMne aneka paripArzvoM kA digdarzana karAte hue apane zodhaprabandha ko ATha adhyAyoM meM vyavasthita kiyA hai / inake Arambha meM bhUmikA aura anta meM upasaMhAra hai / bhUmikA meM apane adhyayana kI pRSThabhUmi aura usakA sAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / usameM una bAtoM kA bhI paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA hai, jo mUla prabandha meM samAviSTa nahIM ho sakatI thIM / pahale adhyAya meM yuga kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM sAhityika avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai; sAtha hI ina vibhinna ava sthAoM ko AlocyakAvyoM ke paripArzva meM bhI dekhA gayA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM racanAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| paricaya ke antargata pratyeka racanA ke sambandha meM yathAsambhava pUrNa jAnakArI de dI gayI hai, yathA-racanA kA prApti-sthAna, nAma, kAla aura usakI paricayAtmaka vizeSatAe~ Adi / paricaya ke anantara nAmakaraNa, viSaya, kAvyarUpa Adi ke AdhAra para racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM prabandhatva kI parIkSA kI gayI hai aura kRtiyoM ke kathAnaka - srota para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM pAtroM ko vargIkRta karate hue unakA caritra citraNa kiyA gayA hai / pA~caveM adhyAya meM prabandhakAroM ke rasa sambandhI dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karate hue kAvyoM meM vividha rasoM kI yojanA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / chaThe adhyAya meM kAvyoM ke naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika kSitija ko vicAra kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM unakI bhASA-zailI kI vivecanA kI gayI hai / AThaveM adhyAya meM kaviyoM ke lakSya - saMdhAna ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / isa hetu racanAoM ko kucha vargoM meM rakha kara unake uddezya kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai / upasaMhAra meM adhyayana se sambandhita upalabdhiyoM para vicAra-vimarza

Page #10
kiyA gayA hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki bhUmikA aura upasaMhAra eka dUsare ke pUraka hokara mere kArya kA saMkSipta, kintu samyak paricaya de sakate haiN| isa viSaya ko lene kA sujhAva mujhe pUjya gurudeva aura nirdezaka DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' se milaa| ApakI dRSTi isa viSaya para kaise gayI, yaha to maiM nahIM kaha sakatA; kintu itanA avazya kaha sakatA hU~ ki vaha Ajakala jaina kAvya kI gahana vIthiyoM meM bar3I tatparatA se ghUma rahI hai / Apase mujhe jitanA AdhAra aura tarkasammata parAmarza milA hai, vAstava meM vahI mere zodhaprabandha kI rIr3ha hai| saca to yaha hai ki Apake caraNoM ke samIpa baiThakara hI maiM yaha kArya pUrNa kara sakA hU~, anyathA mere liye yaha bahuta hI kaThina kAma thaa| Apake prati kRtajJatA jJApana ke liye mere pAsa zabda nahIM haiM aura maiM samajhatA hU~ ki aisA karanA merI dhRSTatA hogI / kRtajJatA ke do zabda likhakara maiM Apake RNa se uRNa nahIM honA caahtaa| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke praNayana meM DaoN0 rAmAnanda tivArI 'bhAratInandana', DaoN. jagadIzaprasAda zarmA 'kanaka', DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, pro0 bAbUrAma gupta, DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata, DaoN0 devIprasAda gupta, zrI anUpacanda jaina 'nyAyatIrtha', DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina, pro0 candrakizora gosvAmI, zrI mohanalAla zarmA 'madhukara', DaoN0 dAmodaralAla zarmA 'taruNa' aura zrI nandarAma varmA se bhArI sahayoga milA hai| maiM Apa sabake prati hRdaya se AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| anta meM maiM sva. paM0 cainasukhadAsa, sva0 DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, sva0 DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI aura sva0 zrI mahendra ke prati bhAva-bhare hRdaya se zraddhA-sumana arpita karatA hU~, jinakI asIma kRpA kA yaha phala maiM unako bheMTa bhI na kara sakA aura aba jinakI smRti hI zeSa raha gayI hai| vinIta 10 janavarI, 1976 I0 -lAlacanda jaina vanasthalI vidyApITha (rAjasthAna)

Page #11
prAkkathana nivedana bhUmikA 1. yuga-mImAMsA anukramaNikA rAjanItika avasthA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura rAjya, sAmAjika avasthA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura samAja, dhArmika avasthA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura dharma, vibhinna kalAoM kI sthiti - sthApatyakalA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura sthApatya kalA, citrakalA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura citrakalA, saMgItakalA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura saMgItakalA, sAhitya - hindI bhASA tathA sAhitya, pramukha kAvyadhArAe~ - muktakakAvya dhArA, prabandhakAvyadhArA, rItikAvyadhArA, rItimukta yA svachandakA vya-dhArA, zrRgArakAvyadhArA, bhaktikAvya-dhArA, nItikAvya-dhArA, vIrakAvya-dhArA, anuvAda, niSkarSa / 2. paricaya aura vargIkaraNa (ka) paricaya maulika prabandhakAvya (aThArahavIM zatAbdI) sItA carita, yazodhara carita caupaI, baMkacora kI kathA, AdinAtha veli, ratnapAla rAso, zreNika carita, cetana karma caritra, madhubinduka caupaI, neminAtha maMgala, nemi rAjamatI bArahamAsa savaiyA, nemi rAjula bArahamAsA, zataaSTottarI, nemi-byAha, paMcendriya-saMvAda, rAjula paccIsI, sUA battIsI, nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa kRta), nemIzvara rAsa, yazodhara carita, pArzva purANa, neminAtha carita Adi / 7-8 6-12 17- 25 27-64 65-124

Page #12
( 14 ) maulika prabandhakAvya (unnIsavIM zatAbdI) zIlakathA, sapta vyasana caritra, nizi bhojana tyAgakathA, nemicandrikA Adi / anUdita prabandhakAvya (aThArahavIM zatAbdI) dharma parIkSA, prItaMkara carita, pANDava purANa, labdhividhAna vratakathA, bhadrabAhu caritra, dhanyakumAra caritra Adi / anUdita prabandhakAvya (unnIsavIM zatAbdI) jIvaMdhara carita, zreNika carita, varddhamAna purANa, varAMga caritra (pANDe lAlacanda kRta ) varAMga caritra ( kamalanayana kRta ), jinadatta carita Adi / (kha) vargIkaraNa nAmakaraNa kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa : carita nAmAnta, purANa nAmAnta, rAsa - rAso nAmAnta, kathA nAmAnta, veli nAmAnta, maMgala nAmAnta, candrikA nAmAnta, caupaI- kavitta nAmAnta, bArahamAsA nAmAnta, chanda- saMkhyA nAmAnta, saMvAda nAmAnta / viSaya kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa : aitihAsika yA paurAfre, dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika, dhArmika yA naitika / tattvagata pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa : varNana pradhAna, ghaTanA pradhAna, bhAva pradhAna, samanvayAtmaka | kAvyarUpa kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa : mahAkAvya, ekArthakAvya, khaNDakAvya, niSkarSa / 3. prabandhatva aura kathAnaka - srota (ka) prabandhatva prabandha kA svarUpa, prabandha ke nikaSa, sambandha nirvAha, mArmika sthala, dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura sambandha nirvAha, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura mArmika sthala, Alocya prabandhakAvya aura dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA, niSkarSa / 125-166

Page #13
(kha) kathAnaka-srota aitihAsika yA paurANika, dhArmika yA naitika, dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika, anUdita, niSkarSa / 4. caritra-yojanA 167-218 Alocya prabandhakAvya aura caritra; atimAnava: deva caritra-indra, indrANI, vidyAdhara, vidyAdharI; mAnava caritra-- uttama caritraH puruSa caritra-RSi-muni, tIrthaMkara : pArzvanAtha, neminAtha, anya Adarza caritra-rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata, hanumAn, kRSNa. yazodhara. zreNika. sakhAnanda kumAra, rAjA, senApati anya pAtraH nArI caritra-sItA, rAjUla. manoramA, Adi; madhyama caritra-lavakaza, mAradatta, anya caritra,nArI caritra; adhama caritra-kamaTha, rAvaNa, dhanapAla, rAjagRha nagara kA rAjakumAra; nArI caritra-amRtamatI, haMsadvIpa kI rAjarAnI, dUtI; mAnavIkRta caritra-cetana, moha, subuddhi-bubuddhi, paMcendriya, anya caritra; pratIkIkRta caritra--pathabhrAnta puruSa, vidyAdhara, suA. niSkarSa / 5. rasa-yojanA 216-260 rasa-upakaraNa-vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArI bhAva, sthAyI bhAva, prabandha aura rasa. Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM rasa-zAnta rasa, bhakti rasa, zrRMgAra rasa-saMyoga pakSa, viyogapakSa, vIra rasa, raudra rasa, karuNa rasa, vAtsalya rasa, bhayAnaka rasa. adabhata rasa, hAsya rasa bIbhatsa rasa. niSkarSa / 6. bhASA-zailI 261-326 Alocya kAvya aura bhASA-zailI, bhASA, dhvani-vicAra, zabda-srota-tatsama zabda, tadbhava zabda, dezI zabda, videzI zabda-phArasI, arabI, zabda-yojanA, dhvanimUlakatA, guNa vyaMjaka padAvalI-prasAda, mAdhurya, oja, zabda-zaktiyA~- amidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA, samAsa-rahita padAvalI, samasta padAvalI, bhAvAnukUla bhaassaa| alaMkAra-vidhAna-anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, punaruktiprakAza, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, anyokti, atizayokti Adi /

Page #14
( 16 ) chanda-yojanA-dohA-caupaI, cAla, DhAla, savaiyA, kavitta, paddharI, pattA, anya chnd| zailI-Alocya prabandhakAvya aura zailiyA~, itivRtta zailI, upadeza zailI, saMvAda yA praznottara zailI, niSedha zailI. prabodhana zailI, vyaMgya yA bhartsanA zailI, saMbodhana zailI, mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtIkaraNa zailI, gIta zailI, saTeka gIta zailI, nisskrss| naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 327-378 nIti, sAmAnya nIti-sajjana, durjana, nArIH zIlavatI. zIlavihInA, puNyavAn, balavAn, kSamAzIla, andhA, kAmI, moha, tRSNA, mana, zarIra, lakSmI, udyama, bhAgya, sNgti| rAjanIti-rAjya, rAjA, nyAya aura daNDa, zUravIra / dharma-zraddhA, arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, guru, srsvtii| vizvAsa-Atma-sattA, puruSArtha, AtmavikAsa aura mokSa, svarga-naraka, janma-maraNa aura punarjanma, svapna, saMsAra kI asAratA, durlabha manuSya-bhava, karmaphala, puNya-pApa, Izvaratva, dAna, zIla, kSamA, ahiMsA, aparigraha, anAtmabhAva, jJAna, dhyAna, yog-tp-sNym| karmakANDa / darzana-jIva, ajIva, pudgala, dharma-adharma-AkAza aura kAla, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, niSkarSa / 8. lakSya-saMdhAna 376-362 tIrthakaroM kA caritagAna aura unake udAtta caritra se preraNA, AcAra-pakSa para bala aura naitika AdarzoM kI pratiSThA, dArzanika paripAvaM meM zaddhAtma-tattva kA saMdeza, gurubhakti, anUdita kAvyaH dharma-pracAra evaM prasAra, niSkarSa / upasaMhAra 363-400 pranya-sUcI 401-410

Page #15
bhUmikA

Page #16
bhUmikA 1 jisa prakAra bhAratIya dharmoM meM jaina dharma eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna isameM sandeha nahIM ki jaina dharma eka Arya dharma hai aura Arya dharma aura bhASA ke vikAsa meM usakA avismaraNIya yoga rahA hai| jaina dharma ke bahuta se karNa - dhAra sAhitya ke praNetA bhI rahe haiM aura aneka jaina sAhityakAra apanI dhArmika AsthAoM ko lekara cale haiM / isa prakAra jaina sAhityakAroM ke do pramukha varga hamAre sAmane Ate haiM- sAdhu varga tathA zrAvaka' varga / yadi dharma ke kSetra meM unakI dena kA mUlya A~kA jA sakatA hai to sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI unakI dena upekSaNIya nahIM hai / jaina sAdhu aura zrAvakoM ne sAhitya ke kSetra meM una sabhI sAhityika vidhAoM aura zailiyoM ko apanAyA hai, jo unake samaya meM pracalita rahI haiM; ataeva gadya, padya aura campU tInoM kSetroM meM jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanI manISA aura bhAvukatA kA amogha paricaya diyA hai / yaha kahanA bahuta kaThina hogA ki jaina kaviyoM kI gati kisa kSetra meM adhika rahI hai, kyoMki unakI sAhityika gati kA nirNaya kisI vizeSa vidhA ke parimANa se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; unhoMne to samaya kI AvazyakatA aura janaruci ke anurUpa hI sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai / jaina - sAhitya - sarjanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM sAhityika ruci kA itanA bar3A yoga nahIM hai, jitanA dharma-bhAvanA kA / dharma-preraNA ne unakI lekhanI ko sAhitya sarjanA kI dizA dI, isalie unakI kisI bhI vidhA kI bhUmikA meM hameM dharma kI jhA~kI mila jAtI hai| saca to yaha hai ki jahA~ dharma hai, vahA~ jaina sAhitya hai aura jahAM jaina sAhitya hai, vahA~ dharma hai / jaina sAhitya ko 1. gRhastha |

Page #17
20 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana jaina dharma se alaga karake dekhanA dhArmika aura sAhityika donoM dRSTiyoM se anucita hogaa| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki jaina sAhitya brAhmaNa sAhitya ke samAnAntara apanA rUpa sa~vAratA A rahA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki jaina aura bauddha dharma kA sAhitya mUlataH janaruci aura janabhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara apane lakSya kI ora agrasara huA thA, isalie usakI bhASA adhikAMzata: janabhASA hI rahI hai, kintu jainoM kI saMskRta kI racanAe~ bhI to haiM jo unakI saMskRta-kSetrIya kSamatAoM ko pramANita karatI haiM / aneka sAdhu aura zrAvaka jisa prakAra bhASA ke paMDita rahe haiM, usI prakAra saMskRta ke bhii| ___ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai aura rUr3ha bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha jana-bhASA ke vikAsa meM bhI samucita yoga diyA hai / vivecya yuga ke sAhityakAroM ne bhI apanI kSamatAoM kA upayoga adhikAMzataH paramparAoM ke paripArzva meM hI kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI gadya-padya aura campU, tInoM zailiyoM meM apanI racanAe~ prastuta kI haiN| hamAre vivecya kSetra meM kevala padya abhipreta hai| prAcInoM ne padya ke pramukhataH do rUpa mAne haiM-prabandha aura muktaka / hamArI vivecanA prabandha se sambandhita hai / saMskRta-kAvyazAstriyoM ke anusAra prabandhakAvya do prakAra kA hotA hai-mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya / eka tIsarA rUpa 'kAvya' bhI hai, isako AdhunikoM ne 'ekArthakAvya' nAma diyA hai| prastuta zodhaprabandha meM inhIM tInoM kAvya-rUpoM ke vividha pakSoM para yathocita vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ yaha kaha denA abhISTa hai ki maiMne unhIM prabandhakAvyoM ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA hai, jinakA ki merI dRSTi meM sAhityika mahattva hai| ina prabandhakAvyoM meM mahAkAvya, ekArthakAvya evaM khaNDakAvya tInoM hI zAmila haiN|

Page #18
bhUmikA mahAkAvya ullekhanIya mahAkAvya do haiM-(1) 'pArzva purANa' aura (2) 'namIzvara rAsa' / unameM kavi bhUdharadAsa viracita 'pArzvapurANa' mahAkAvya-zRMkhalA kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I mAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha mahAkAvya viSayaka antaH evaM bAhya lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para lagabhaga pUrA utarane vAlA kAvya hai| vaha mahat nAyaka, mahaduddezya, zreSTha kathAnaka, vastu-vyApAra-varNana, rasAbhivyaMjanA, udAtta zailI Adi kI dRSTi se saphala mahAkAvya pratIta hotA hai| usameM abhAva hai to yaha ki svarga-naraka Adi ke lambe varNanoM se yatra-tatra usakA kathAnaka ulajha gayA hai aura usakA antima (navam) sarga' dhArmika evaM dArzanika tattvoM kI atizayatA se prabandha kI bhUmi para bhArasvarUpa bana gayA hai| kavi nemicandra kA 'namIzvara rAsa' dUsarA mahAkAvya hai| usameM jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko nAyaka kA pada pradAna kara, unake samagra jIvana ke citraNa kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ekArthakAvya Alocya kAla meM katipaya ekArthakAvyoM kI bhI sRSTi huI hai| udAharaNa ke lie kavi lakSmIdAsa kA 'yazodhara carita', ajayarAja pATanI kA 'neminAtha carita', rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kA 'sItA carita', lakSmIdAsa kA 'zreNika carita' Adi / ina kAvyoM meM caritanAyaka ke sampUrNa jIvana kA citra samAhita hai| inameM ekArtha kI abhivyakti hai / ekArthakAvyoM meM zreSTha hai-kavi 'bAlaka' kA 'sItA carita', jo mahAkAvya jaisI garimA se yukta hai| usameM citrita sItA kA caritra atyanta mArmika hai / usake zIla-nirUpaNa meM kavi kI dRSTi sarAhanIya hai| isI dizA meM eka kRti aura mahattvapUrNa hai / vaha hai : kavi lakSmIdAsa 1. bhUdharadAsa : pArzvapurANa, navam sarga, pRSTha 136 se 176 /

Page #19
22 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana viracita 'zreNika carita' jo aneka dRSTiyoM se eka sundara kAvya hai| 'DhAloM' meM racita hone ke kAraNa isa kAvya kA saundarya adhika bar3ha gayA hai| khaNDakAvya yaha saca hai ki hamAre yuga meM racita mahAkAvya aura ekArthakAvya saMkhyA meM kama haiM, khaNDakAvya saMkhyA meM adhika / jahA~ mahAkAvya tathA ekArthakAvya prAyaH purANa, carita, caupaI aura rAsa nAmAnta haiM, vahA~ khaNDakAvya kathA, carita, caupaI, maMgala, byAha, candrikA, veli, bArahamAsA, saMvAda tathA chandasaMkhyA (zataaSTottarI, battIsI, paccIsI) Adi aneka nAmAnta haiM / jaise unake pratipAdya viSaya aneka haiM, vaise hI unameM prayukta zailiyA~ bhI aneka haiN| Alocya khaNDakAvyoM meM bhAva-pradhAna khaNDakAvyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / ye anubhUti kI tIvratA se sampuTita haiM, hamAre hRdaya ko sIdhe chUte haiM aura adhika samaya taka rasamagna rakhate haiN| inameM prayukta adhikAMza chandoM evaM 'DhAloM' kA nAda-saundarya sahRdayoM ko vimohita karatA hai / isa prakAra ke khaNDakAvyoM meM AsakaraNa kRta 'nemicandrikA', vinodIlAla kRta 'rAjulapaccIsI', 'nemi-byAha', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA saMvAda', jinaharSa kRta 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| bhAva-pradhAna khaNDakAvyoM ko dekhate hue varNana-pradhAna yA ghaTanA-pradhAna khaNDakAvya nAmamAtra ko hI upalabdha haiN| 'baMkacora kI kathA' (nathamala) varNana-pradhAna tathA 'cetana karma caritra' (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) ghaTanA-pradhAna khaNDakAvya kahe jA sakate haiM / samanvayAtmaka khaNDakAvyoM meM bhArAmalla kRta 'zIlakathA', bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa viracita 'sUA battIsI', 'madhuvinduka caupaI' evaM 'paMcendriya saMvAda' sundara haiM / khaNDakAvya ke kSetra meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko adhika prasiddhi milI hai| unhoMne pA~ca khaNDakAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| unake pA~coM khaNDakAvyoM " (1) zataaSTottarI (2) cetana karma caritra (3) madhubinduka caupaI (4) sUA battIsI aura (5) paMcendriya saMvAda /

Page #20
bhUmikA 23 kA kathApaTa jhInA hai; kintu kAvyAtmaka evaM kalAtmaka raMga gaharA hai / 'sAdhya evaM sAdhana donoM dRSTiyoM se bhagavatIdAsa ke khaNDakAvya aura 'kAmAyanI' eka hI paramparA ke kAvya haiM / antara mAtra itanA hI hai ki bhagavatIdAsa kI kRtiyA~ sImita lakSya ke kAraNa khaNDakAvya huIM, vahA~ prasAda kI kRti uddezya kI mahattA ke kAraNa mahAkAvya ho gayI / bhagavatIdAsa mahAkAvya kI racanA na karane para bhI mahAkavi ke gauravabhAgI haiM / " 'bhaiyA' kavi ke atirikta vinodIlAla ke khaNDakAvya bhI bhAva, bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se asaMdigdha rUpa se uccakoTi ke haiM / prabandhoM kI bhASA vivecya prabandhakAvyoM kI bhASA ke sandarbha meM bhI do zabda kaha denA ucita hai| jaina kavi atIta kAla se hI prAyaH janavANI meM apane bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karate Aye haiM / unhoMne sadaiva loka-bhASA ko pramukhatA dI hai| yahI isa kAla meM bhI huA hai / Alocya yuga meM brajabhASA eka vizAla bhU-bhAga kI sAhityika bhASA bana cukI thI / rAja-samAja meM bhI use ucita sammAna prApta hone laga gayA thA / vaha apane sahaja lAlitya, mAdhurya evaM saukumArya se prAnta prAnta ke logoM ko vimugdha kara rahI thI / vaha deza kI samasta bhASAoM meM lokabhASA ke rUpa meM zIrSa sthAna para pratiSThita hone kI adhikAriNI bana gayI thI / tatkAlIna aneka jaina kaviyoM ne bhI isI bhASA kA Azraya liyA / hamAre adhikAMza kaviyoM kI bhASA sarasa brajabhASA hai / bhASAgata utkarSa kI dRSTi se kavi 'bhUvaradAsa', 'vinodIlAla', 'pANDe lAlacanda', 'nathamala bilAlA', 'daulatarAma', 'manoharadAsa' Adi kavi samAdaraNIya haiN| unakI bhASA sahaja-sarasa brajabhASA hai / bhASA meM prayukta alaMkAra usakI kAnti ko 1. DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI : hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pRSTha 365 /

Page #21
24 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bar3hAne meM sakSama aura hamAre AliMgana-yogya haiN| usameM sthala-sthala para sUktiyoM, lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA samucita prayoga huA hai / chandoM meM pracalita chandoM ko bahulatA se apanAyA gayA hai / aneka kaviyoM kI dRSTi saMgItAtmaka chandoM ke cayana kI ora rahI hai| vividha rAgoM para AdhArita 'deziyoM' evaM 'DhAloM' kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM huA dRSTigocara hotA hai| prabandhoM ko sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ jaina prabandhakAvyoM kI katipaya nijI vizeSatAeM rahI hai, jo draSTavya haiM : (1) adhikAMza kAvyoM kI bhitti jaina darzana yA dharma para AdhRta hai| unameM aneka sthaloM para vaidika dharma evaM darzana ke aneka tattvoM kA bhI viniveza hai| (2) viSaya kI dRSTi se bhI adhikatara racanAe~ sAmAjika yA rAjanaitika kama aura paurANika, dAzanika yA dhArmika adhika haiN| (3) unake kathAnakoM meM paramparA-pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha navInatA ke paripArzva kI jhalaka hai| (4) unameM prema aura zRgAra ke citroM ko sImita rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| pradhAnatA zAnta yA bhakti rasa kI hai| adhika prabandhakAvya zAnta rasAvasita haiN| (5) unameM se adhikAMza ke nAyaka tIrthakara haiN| kucha meM nAyaka ke pada para satI nAriyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai / kucha rUpaka evaM pratIkAtmaka prabandhoM meM 'cetana' Adi ko nAyaka kA rUpa diyA hai / kucha ke nAyaka rAjA, rAjakumAra yA sAmAnya puruSa haiM / (6) prAyaH sabhI prabandhakRtiyoM meM hiMsA para ahiMsA, asatya para satya, vaira para kSamA, rAga para virAga, pApa para puNya kI vijaya kA udghoSa hai /

Page #22
bhUmikA 25 (7) unameM catuvarga phaloM meM se dharma aura mokSa ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai| (8) unameM aneka aisI bhUmiyoM kA vidhAna rakhA gayA hai, jisase nAyaka yA nAyikA nirantara aneka saMgharSAtmaka paristhitiyoM meM par3akara dhairya, sAhasa aura vivekapUrNa AcaraNa dvArA apanA abhISTa phala prApta kara sake / (8) unakI zailI vividharUpiNI hai| unameM yathAvasara aneka zailiyoM kA vidhAna upalabdha hotA hai, jaise-varNanAtmaka, siddhAnta-pratipAdana, upadeza, saMbodhana, prabodhana, bhartsanA, niSedha, saMvAda, rUpaka, mAnavIkaraNa, bhAvamUrtIkaraNa, gIta, pragIta, saTeka gIta Adi / katipaya prabandhoM kI zailI lokagItoM ke adhika nikaTa hai| unameM sthala-sthala para aneka rAga-rAginiyoM, deziyoM evaM DhAloM kA vipula prayoga huA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki Alocya prabandhakAvya dhArmika vRttiyoM se prerita hokara bhI sAhityika kSetra meM samakAlIna navyatAe~ lekara avatIrNa hue haiM, jinake antargata naye chanda bhI haiM aura naye rAga bhI haiN| unake nAyakoM meM sudhAraka kI pravRtti bhI vidyamAna hai aura bhASA meM brajabhASA kI samakAlIna garimA bhI vyApta hai / hA~, kahIM-kahIM brajabhASA sthAnIya prabhAvoM se sampuTita dRSTigocara hotI hai|

Page #23

Page #24
adhyAya 1 yuga-mImAMsA

Page #25
yuga-mImAMsA samAja aura sAhitya paraspara sApekSa haiM / yaha asambhava hai ki yugIna paristhitiyA~ sAhitya ko prabhAvita na kareM / avazya hI pratyeka deza ke vibhinna kAloM kI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika Adi paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva usa deza ke sAhitya para par3atA hai / ' vikrama saMvat 1700 se 1600 taka deza meM aneka paristhitiyoM ne aMgar3AI lii| kucha ubharIM aura kucha naye rUpa meM prastuta huiiN| unameM se pramukha rAjanItika avasthA thI / rAjanItika avasthA isa yuga kA bhArata rAjanItika dRSTi se mugala sAmrAjya ke carama utkarSa evaM avasAna kA samaya hai / isa samaya mugala samrAT zAhajahA~ bhArata ke rAjya - siMhAsana para AsIna thA / usane jahA~gIra se jo sAmrAjya virAsata meM pAyA, usake vikAsa meM usane bhI yoga diyA / vaha sImAoM ko surakSita rakhane meM saphala rahA, kintu paryApta buddhi-kauzala se kAma lete hue tathA pracura dhana-jana kI hAni sahate hue bhI vaha kaMdhAra ko kho baitthaa| vaise usane bar3I dUradarzitA se rAjya ke 'rASTrIya' svarUpa ko akSuNNa rkhaa| yoM usake zAsakIya jIvana meM nirantara chuTa-puTa saMgharSa hote rahe, parantu unase deza kI Antarika vyavasthA aura zAnti bhaMga nahIM huI / sAmAnyataH usakA rAjyakAla zAnti evaM suvyavasthA kA kAla hai / dekhie - DaoN0 zyAmasundara dAsa : hindI sAhitya, pRSTha 25 / 2. DaoN0 jyotiprasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa para eka dRSTi, pRSTha 512 / 3. dekhie - DaoN0 rAmaprasAda tripAThI : mugala sAmrAjya kA utthAna aura patana, pRSTha 326-370 / 1.

Page #26
yuga-mImAMsA 26 san 1656 I0 meM auraMgajeba apane bhAiyoM ko gRha-yuddha meM parAsta kara aura apane pitA zAhajahA~ ko bandI banAkara mugala sAmrAjya kA svAmI banA / vaha zAsaka ke rUpa meM krUra, dharmAndha evaM adUradarzI thaa| usane apane pUrvajoM kI udAra nIti kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyaa| usakI svArthaparaka, kaTTara nIti se Ubakara AgarA aura mathurA ke samIpa jAToM ne, nAranaula meM satanAmI sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ne, paMjAba meM sikkhoM ke guru tegabahAdura aura guru govindasiMha ne, avadha meM vaisa rAjapUtoM ne, rAjapUtAnA meM durgAdAsa rAThaur3a ne aura dakSiNa meM marAThoM ne satata vidroha kiye| usake 50 varSa taka ke zAsanakAla meM azAnti, asaMtoSa, avyavasthA, uthala-puthala, saMgharSa evaM Sar3ayaMtroM kA bolabAlA rahA / uttarottara arAjakatA bar3hane se vizAla mugala sAmrAjya kI jar3eM hilane laga gayIM aura vaha druta gati se patanonmakha hotA gyaa| ____san 1707 I0 meM auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bahAdurazAha prathama se lekara bahAdurazAha dvitIya (1657 I0) taka nau mugala samrAT hue, parantu prAya: una sabhI meM susaMskRti, pratibhA, pauruSa, Atmabala evaM rAjanItika kSamatA kA abhAva thA / unameM se adhikAMza vyaktitvahIna, vilAsI, akarmaNya tathA dUsaroM kI kaThaputalI mAtra the| unake Der3hasau varSoM kA zAsanakAla bhAratIya itihAsa kA andhakAra yuga hai, mugala sAmrAjya ke patana aura parAbhava kA yuga hai| SaDyaMtra aura vizvAsaghAta, aMta:kalaha aura bAhya AkramaNa, lUTa-khasoMTa aura mArakATa Adi jaisI asaMkhya vIbhatsa ghaTanAeM isa kAla kI chAtI para aMkita haiN| isI samaya nAdirazAha kA prasiddha AkramaNa huaa| yaha AkramaNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM vikarAla katle-Ama aura bhayakara lUTa kA pahalA udAharaNa thA / isane bhAratIya arthavyavasthA para hI kuThArAghAta nahIM kiyA, 1. dekhie-iravina : leTara mugalsa, pRSTha 311 / nAdirazAha dillI ke pramukha bAjAra kI sUnahalI masjida meM baiThakara nau ghaMTe taka lagAtAra dillI-nivAsiyoM kA nirmama saMhAra dekhatA rahA / antata: muhammadazAha aura usake maMtriyoM ke anunaya-vinaya karane para, (kramazaH) 2. - .

Page #27
30 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana varan rAjanItika zakti ko bhI jhakajhora kara jarjara kara diyA / ahamadazAha abdAlI ne bhI bhArata para pA~ca bAra AkramaNa kiyA / usakA cauthA AkramaNa sarvAdhika bhayaMkara AkramaNa thA, jisameM dillI, AgarA aura mathurA Adi kaI sthAnoM para bhayaMkara lUTa-pATa aura narasaMhAra huA / usakA antima AkramaNa 1817 I0 meM huA jo pAnIpata kI tIsarI lar3AI ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isameM deza kI tatkAlIna sarvocca zakti (marAThA - zakti) ko parAjita honA par3A aura bhArata meM marAThoM kA hindU sAmrAjya sthApita karane kA svapna miTTI meM mila gayA / idhara bhArata meM aMgrejoM kA Agamana bhI ho cukA thA / ve yahA~ vyApAra se lAbha uThAne ke sAtha-sAtha yahA~ ke zAsana meM bhI hastakSepa karane laga gaye the / klAiva dvArA arkATa ke ghere kI vijaya, plAsI ke yuddha tathA baksara ke yuddha kI vijaya se unake paira jamate gaye / zAhaAlama ko baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA kI dIvAnI a~grejoM ko vivaza de denI par3I / vArena hesTigsa ne bhArata meM aMgrejI rAjya kA vistAra kiyA / tadoparAnta velejalI ne aneka dezI rAjAoM ko jItakara tathA sahAyaka sandhi prathA kA zrIgaNeza kara dezI rAjyoM ko pUrNa niHzakta kara diyA aura bhArata meM briTiza sattA ko sarvopari rUpa de diyaa| deza kI rAjanItika duravasthA se lAbha uThAkara kampanI ke vyApArI aMgreja bhArata ke zAsanAdhIza bana gaye / ' banate bhI kyoM nahIM ? 1. 2. asaMkhya niraparAdhoM ke rakta se apanI pyAsa bujhAkara usane yaha paizAcika nara-saMhAra rokA / tadanantara 58 dina taka zAhI mehamAna banakara bhI usane mugaloM ke tIna sau varSoM meM saMcita apAra dhana-vaibhava ke sAtha dillI kI janatA ke sabhI vargoM ko unmukta hokara lUTA aura taba kohenUra hIrA tathA mayUra siMhAsana ke sAtha-sAtha anumAnAtIta puSkala dhana ko U~ToM, gadhoM aura khaccaroM para lAda kara le gayA / -DaoN0 jyotiprasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa para eka dRSTi, pRSTha 541 / dekhie - govinda sakhArAma saradesAI : marAThoM kA navIna itihAsa, pRSTha 504-505 / dekhie - satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra : bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA vikAsa, pRSTha 58 2-583 /

Page #28
yuga-mImAMsA antima mugala samrAT to nAmamAtra ke samrATa the / prajA kI AsthA una para se haTa cukI thii| aba ve janarakSaka nahIM the / janatA kI rakSA to dUra, ve svayaM kI rakSA karane meM bhI asamartha the / mugala vaMza ke antima samrATa bahAdurazAha dvitIya ke patana kA dRzya lomaharSaka thA / use apanI samrAjJI jInatamahala sahita aMgrejoM kI ajeya zakti ke sammukha AtmasamarpaNa karanA par3A / ' usake patana ke sAtha hI mugala sAmrAjya kA patana ho gyaa| uparyukta paristhitiyoM para dRSTipAta karane se yaha spaSTa vidita ho jAtA hai ki vikrama saMvat 1700 se 1600 taka arthAt ina do sau varSoM kA itihAsa apane hRdaya meM agaNita ghaTanAoM ko chipAye hue hai| yaha kAla rAjanItika uthala-puthala, Antarika saMgharSa, bAhya AkramaNa, rAjyalipsA Adi aneka pravRttiyoM se saMkula rahA hai / rAjya ke lie bhAI-bhAI, pitA-putra, vibhinna vargoM aura bAhya zaktiyoM dvArA AkramaNa ke rUpa meM kalaha, vidvaSa aura saMgharSa isa yuga kI pravRtti rahI hai| Alocya prabandhakAvya aura rAjya tatkAlIna rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kI puSTi Alocya prabandhakAvyoM se bhI ho jAtI hai| unakA pratibimba ina prabandhakAvyoM meM jhalaka rahA hai, kyoMki kavi to satya anubhUtiyoM kA amara gAyaka hotA hai| vaha satyadarzI aura pratyakSadarzI hotA hai, ataH sAmAjika gatividhiyA~ usakI dRSTi se, usake saMvedanazIla hRdaya kI A~khoM se ojhala nahIM raha sakatI haiN|' 1. dekhie-DaoN. surendranAtha sena : da greTa rAijiMga oNpha 1857, pRSTha 30 / "sAhitya mAnava kI pratyakSa evaM parikalpita anubhUtiyoM kA samaveta svarUpa hai / samAja meM sthita jina vyApaka saMvedanAoM kA eka saMvedanazIla vyakti anubhava karatA hai, unhIM ko apane manonukUla vyaMjita karane kA prayAsa hI use kavi koTi meM le AtA hai / " ---DaoN0 ajanArAyaNa siMha kavivara padmAkara aura usakA yuga, pRSTha 17 /

Page #29
32 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ina prabandhoM meM bhI 'jAko bala tAhI ko rAja' vAlI kahAvata ko duharAyA gayA hai, rAjya ko capalA-camatkAra kI bhA~ti asthira kI saMjJA dI gayI hai aura rAjA-rANA-chatrapatiyoM ke 'ahaM' ko cUra karate hue unase kahA gayA hai ki taiyAra ho jAo : eka dina tumheM bhI kAla ke mukha meM jAnA hai / tuma garva kyoM karate ho ? anIti ko chodd'o| rAja-samAja vaira aura mahApApoM kA mUla hai| tuma rAjA rAma ke samAna prajAvatsala bano aura usake bhaya ko dUra kara usake sukha-duHkha kI bAteM suno| nyAya meM pakSapAta na karo, bhale hI isake kAraNa tumheM apane Atmaja taka ko rAjya se niSkAsita karanA pdd'e| vaha rAjA nindanIya hai jo krUra, anyAyI aura dharmamArga se cyuta hai / aisA pApI rAjA svayaM hI apane vaMza ko samUla naSTa karatA hai / / usa yuga meM yuddha eka khela bana gayA thaa| bAta hI bAta meM yuddha Thana jAtA thaa| raNanAda karake senA sajAne aura yuddha karane meM koI dera nahIM lagatI thii| yuddha meM aneka dAva-pecoM aura aneka zastrAstroM kA prayoga hotA thaa| 1. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 8 / pArzva purANa, padya 73, pRSTha 56 / 1. vahI, padya 66, pRSTha 34 / 4. sItA carita, padya 36, pRSTha 4 / 5. zIla kathA, pRSTha 65 / nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1034, pRSTha 60 / isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1766 hai| kavi usa nagara (aMbAvatI-Amera) kA nivAsI thA, jahA~ se rAjadhAnI dUra na thii| usake hRdaya se niHsRta udgAra auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke lagabhaga 5 varSa pazcAt ke haiM, jinase tatkAlIna zAsaka varga kI manovRtti kA acchA paricaya mila jAtA hai| 7. cetana karma caritra, padya 15, pRSTha 56 / "raNasiMge bajjahiM, kou na bhajjahiM, karahiM mahAdou juddha |"-vhii, padya 145, pRSTha 71 /

Page #30
yuga-mImAMsA 33 nyAyika zaktiyA~ aura nyAyika vyavasthA rAjA ke hAtha meM hotI thI / kisI vizeSa kaSTa yA samasyA ko lekara prajA meM se cune hue paMca rAjA ke pAsa jAte the, kintu darabAra meM pahuMca kara rAjA ke bhaya ke kAraNa unakI vANI avaruddha ho jAtI thI aura unake netra nIce hI rahate the, Upara na uTha pAte the / sArAMza yaha ki usa samaya rAjya-siMhAsana DA~vADola thA / rAjya meM hone vAle zIghra parivartanoM, aMtaH kalaha evaM bAhya AkramaNoM se prajA bhayAkula thI / vaha rAjanItika adhikAroM se vaMcita thI / usakA jIvana pravacanA aura viDambanA se paripUrNa thA / sAmAjika avasthA Alocya yugIna jana-jIvana rAjanItika uthala-puthala evaM prazAsakIya zithilatA ke kAraNa nIrasa, azAnta aura klAnta thA / vaha bAhya AkramaNoM, bhItarI upadravoM tathA zAsakoM kI padalolupatA aura madAndhatA se kSubdha, pIr3ita aura vivaza thA / tatkAlIna samAja sAmantavAdI paddhati para AdhRta thA, jisameM samrAT kA zIrSa sthAna thA / usake bAda ucca varga ke antargata rAjA, adhikArI aura sAmanta the jinheM samAja meM vizeSa sammAna aura adhikAra prApta thA / sampUrNa deza meM manasabadAra aura sAmantoM kA jAla phailA huA thA, jo apanI-apanI sImA meM rAjA the / zAhI darabAra sukha, samRddhi, ziSTatA aura sabhyatA kA kendra thA, parantu usake bAhara deza meM adhikAMza sthaloM para jIvana durdazAgrasta, asantoSajanaka, atidayanIya aura ghora vipattijanaka thA sItAcarita, padya 36, pRSTha 4 / 2. dekhie - je0 esa0 hAleNDa : da empAyara oNpha greTa mugala, pRSTha 93 / dekhie - bI0 ena0 lUniyA : ivolyuzana oNpha iNDiyana kalacara, pRSTha 438 / dekhie - IzvarIprasAda : madhyayuga kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pRSTha 466 / 1. 3. 4.

Page #31
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA - prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana sAmAnyataH isa yuga kA samAja tIna vargoM meM vibhakta thA : prathama varga vaha thA jisake antargata manasabadAra, sAmanta, amIra, rAjaparivAra - jana tathA rAjya ke ucca padAdhikArI the / isa varga ke loga vaibhava evaM vilAsapriya the / mUlataH ve sAmantazAhI pravRtti ke raMga meM raMge the / sukhasuvidhA, zAna-zaukata, Amoda-pramoda, sundarI aura surA unake jIvana ke saMgI the / 'eka rAjA, amIra athavA sAmanta ke yahA~ do, tIna, cAra yA isase bhI adhika rAniyA~ thIM / " unake gharoM meM unake apane harama the, jinameM apane manoraMjana ke lie ve manamAnI saMkhyA meM rakSitAe~ aura nartakiyA~ rakhate the / isa prakAra unake mahaloM meM 'rUpa kA bAjAra' lagatA thA / vastuta: unakI vilAsapriyatA kI koI sImA na thI / 34 dvitIya varga meM vyApArI, sAhUkAra, choTe moTe tAllukedAra aura sAmAnya zreNI ke rAjya karmacArI / isa varga ke adhikAMza vyakti saMyamI aura mitavyayI the / ve sAdagI se rahate the / unameM ucca zikSA kA prAya: abhAva thA / dhanopArjana aura dhana saMcaya kI pravRtti unameM sabase adhika thI / na ve bahuta nirdhana the, na bahuta dhanavAna | 1 tRtIya varga janasAdhAraNa kA thA aura yahI mukhyataH utpAdaka varga thA / isa bahusaMkhyaka varga ke logoM kI dazA hIna aura dayanIya thI / isa varga meM prAya: kRSaka, zramajIvI aura sAdhAraNa naukara-cAkara loga sammilita the / ' ye apanI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa kara sakane yogya AmadanI ko sugamatA prApta nahIM kara sakate the / inako tana Dhakane ko kapar3A bhI kaThinatA se prApta ho pAtA thA / rezamI va UnI kapar3oM kA prayoga to inakI kalpanA se bhI pare thA / prAnsisako patte arta ke anusAra majadUroM (karmakAroM), caparAsiyoM va 1. dekhie - je0 esa0 hAleNDa : da empAyara oNpha greTa mugala, pRSTha 60-61 / 2. dekhie - mirAta ahamadI, 1-250 /

Page #32
yuga-mImAMsA 35 naukaroM aura choTe dukAnadAroM kI dazA gulAmoM se bahuta bhinna nahIM thI / majadUroM ko bahuta kama vetana diyA jAtA thA, unase begAra lI jAtI thI / " aisI hI sthiti lagabhaga kRSakoM kI thI / adhikAMza kRSaka majadUroM ke samAna hI sonA paidA karake miTTI para gujara karane vAle the / mukhyataH samAja ke tIna hI varga the aura una tInoM ke bIca meM koI spaSTa bhedaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI thI / yaha avazya dekhane meM AtA hai ki prathama aura tRtIya varga meM sira-paga kA antara thA, dvitIya varga una donoM se saTA huA thA / Alocya prabandhakAvya aura samAja uparyukta paristhitiyoM para dRSTipAta karane se usa yuga ke samAja kA eka sAmAnya citra sAmane A jAtA hai jo itihAsa se puSTa hai / prabandhakAvyoM se bhI yahI siddha hai ki zAsaka varga ke sAtha dhanI aura vaibhava sampanna varga vilAsa kI madirA meM DUbA huA thA / nArI meM AmUlacUla Asakta isa varga ke loga apanApana bhUla gaye the / ve anAtma padArthoM meM Asakta aura bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke rAsa raMga meM masta the| kisI sundarI ke saundarya se rIjhakara 1. 2. 3. dekhie - satyaketu vidyAlakAra: bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa, pRSTha 551 / are nara mUrakha tU bhAminI so kahA bhUlyo, viSa kI sI bela kAhU dagA ko batAI hai / aneka dukha, supane na AI hai / sevata hI yAhi naiku pAvata sukha kI rAta kahU~ nAhaka virAne tAMI apanA kara -zata aSTottarI, padya 76, pRSTha 26 / mAnatA hai, jAnatA tU hai ki nAhI aMta mujhe maranA keteka jIvane para aise phaila karatA hai, supane se sukha meM terA pUrA paranA hai / 1

Page #33
36 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ve kSaNabhara meM hI kAma ke zikAra ho jAte the| unake pAsa dUtiyA~ bhI hotI thiiN| dUtiyoM kA kAma thA-apane svAmI kI manacAhI sundarI ko hara sambhava pralobhana dekara unake pAsa le AnA / basaMta Rtu meM baMsaMtotsava manAne kI prathA pracalita thI, phAga khelA jAtA thA jisameM rAjA aura prajA donoM zAmila hote the| dhanI puruSoM aura rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke vivAha bar3e ThATha-bATa se sampanna hote the| unakA aura unakI savAriyoM kA sAja-zRgAra adbhuta hotA thA / vara-vadhU donoM pakSoM ke gharoM kI sajAvaTa manorama hotI thii| 'baMdanavAra bA~dhe jAte the, motiyoM se cauka pUrA jAtA thA, bhATa virudAvalI gAte the, sabhI loga dUlaha-dulahina ko zubhAzIrvAda dete the| purohita TIkA lagAtA thA aura use dakSiNA meM ratnAbhUSaNa milate the / A~gana ke bIca candana ke khambha prasthApita kiye jAte the, jinake Upara candropama maMDapa banAyA jAtA thaa| dUlaha-dulahina kA nIce se Upara taka zRgAra kiyA jAtA thaa| nAca-gAna ke bIca bArAta kI savArI nikalatI thI, jisakA adbhuta ThATha sabhI ko akhaNDa rasa meM DubA letA thA Adi-Adi / ___samAja meM bhUkhe peTa so rahane vAloM kI saMkhyA kama na thii| unheM jaba bhI aura jaisA bhI mila jAtA thA, usase apanI kSudhA nivArita kara lete the| kSutkSAmakaMThoM kI khAdya, akhAdya yA svAda kI ora dRSTi nahIM jAtI thii| cAkarI karane vAle logoM ke hRdaya meM glAni aura asaMtoSa kI AMdhI calatI thii| ve apane jIvana ko dhikkArate the aura cAkara se kUkara kI yoni acchI samajhate the| 3. pAra 1. zIla kathA, pRSTha 30 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 31-32 / pArzvapurANa, padya 16, pRSTha 51 / 4, neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 2-3 tathA nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 6 se 13 / mAtA hU vRthA janyoM, bahyo mAsa nau bhAra / cAkara te kUkara bhalo, dhriga mhAro jamavAra / -sItA carita, padya 71, pRSTha 6 /

Page #34
yuga-mImAMsA samAja ke loga vibhinna karmoM meM rata the / usameM vadhika bhI hote the, jinake pAsa churI-khurapI, kaTAra, varachI, bhAle, talavAra Adi aneka hathiyAra hote the| devI ke sAmane pazuoM kI bali bhI dI jAtI thii| ___ samAja meM pAkhaNDI sAdhuoM kA abhAva nahIM thaa| aneka DhoMgI sAdhu samAja ko Thagane aura apanI ora AkRSTa karane ke lie jhUThI tapasyA meM rata rahate the| tAtkAlika samAja meM sAmAnyata: striyoM kI dazA bar3I zocya aura dayanIya thii| abalA hone ke kAraNa unakA zIla bhaMga karanA koI bar3I bAta nahIM thii| aneka striyA~ sabalA bhI hotI thIM aura unakA apaharaNa karanA yA unakA satItva chIna lenA koI baccoM kA khela nahIM thaa| itanA hI nahIM, ve sacce mAne meM vIrAMganA thIM aura raNAMgana meM prayANa karane vAle apane patiyoM ko svAmidharma pAlane, samara-bhUmi se pITha na dikhAne, mRtyu ko mahotsava mAnane ke liye utprerita kiyA karatI thiiN| tattvataH usa yuga kA samAja hrAsonmukha thaa| zAsaka varga ke atyAcAroM se vaha karAha uThA thA / vaha vikala aura azAnta thaa| dhanI, zaktizAlI aura adhikAra-sampanna vyakti niraMkuza aura pathabhraSTa the; garIba aura asahAya pisa rahe the / nArI kI lAja surakSita nahIM thI / pakSapAta aura niraMkuzatA kI vRddhi ho rahI thii| dharma karAha rahA thaa| dhArmika avasthA rAjanItika va sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha dharma bhI patanonmukha ho calA thaa| tatkAlIna bhArata meM eka bAra hindU dharma khatare meM par3a gayA 1. yazodhara carita, padya 636 / vahI, padya 138 se 140 / pArzvapurANa, padya 66 se 66, pRSTha 13 / 4. vahI, padya 83-84, pRSTha 11 / 5. zIla kathA, pRSTha 32 / 6. sItA carita, padya 1413 se 1417, pRSTha 77 /

Page #35
38 jina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana thA / islAmI zAsakoM kI kaTTaratA evaM dharmAndhatA ke phalasvarUpa islAma dharma kA prabhAva bar3ha rahA thA, yahA~ taka ki videzI AkramaNakAriyoM (vizeSata: ahamadazAha abdAlI) dvArA bhI hindU dharma para kuThArAghAta kiyA jA rahA thA / ' hinduoM kI dhArmika svataMtratA chinatI-sI jA rahI thI / Age calakara IsAI dharma bhI bhArata kI pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM apanA raMga jamAne laga gayA thA / yaha saba hote hue bhI hindU dharma ajeya rahA / samrAT zAhajahA~ apane zAsanakAla ke pUrvArddha meM hindU dharma ke prati niraMkuza aura anudAra rahA / usane banArasa meM chihattara maMdiroM ko nirmamatApUrvaka dhvasta karA diyA / kAlAntara meM usakI dharmAndhatA samApta ho gayI aura vaha dharma ke prati sahiSNu bana gayA / usake uparAnta auraMgajeba kA zAsana AyA / vaha krUra aura atyAcArI zAsaka thA / usane bhArata meM islAma dharma kI pratiSThA ke nimitta hinduoM ko dharma parivartana ke lie vivaza kiyA, una para jajiyA kara lagAyA, unheM bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke pAzavika atyAcAroM kA zikAra banAyA aura unake dhArmika pratiSThAnoM ko bhUlu Thita kiyA / isa hetu usane hinduoM ko pralobhana bhI diye / 'musalamAna ho jAo aura kAnUnago bana jAo' - yaha usa samaya eka kahAvata sI bana gayI thI / auraMgajeba ke bAda ke adhikAMza mugala samrAT dharma ke prati asahiSNu hI bane rahe ; yadyapi unameM auraMgajeba jaisI dhArmika kaTTaratA nahIM thI, kintu unake zAsanakAla meM bhI hindU dharma surakSita na thA / dekhie - govinda sakhArAma desAI : marAThoM kA navIna itihAsa, pRSTha 504-505 / dekhie - DaoN0 rAmaprasAda tripAThI : mugala sAmrAjya kA utthAna aura patana, pRSTha 360 / 3. dekhie - satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra : bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa, pRSTha 527 / 1. 2.

Page #36
yuga-mImAMsA vastutaH yaha yuga hindU dharma ke lie vighAtaka hI banA rahA / islAma dharma apanI kaTTaratA ke sAtha pracaNDa vega se bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| saca to yaha hai ki talavAra ke bala para phailane vAlA dharma dUsare dharmoM ko phUlatAphalatA dekha bhI kaise sakatA thA ? hinduoM ke mandiroM, tIrtha sthAnoM, dhArmika pratiSThAnoM, pavitra granthoM ko naSTa karanA hI islAma dharma ke anuyAyI samrAToM ne apanA kartavya samajha liyA thaa| musalamAnoM ke pAsa talavAra kI zakti thI, hindU asahAya evaM vivaza the| isa kAla meM dharma eka prakAra se rAjyAzrita hone ke sAtha hI apane vAstavika artha ko khokara sAmAnya jana kI AsthA ko bhI kho cukA thaa| anyAya, hiMsA aura atyAcAra jisa dharma ke vidheya hoM, vaha dharma AsthA kA pratIka bana bhI kaise sakatA hai ? ataH islAma dharma, jo eka bAra sampUrNa bhArata para AcchAdita hone kA svapna dekha rahA thA, badalatI huI rAjanItika paristhitiyoM ke sAtha hI hataprabha hone laga gayA / auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke sAtha mugala sAmrAjya ke sAtha hI islAma dharma bhI prabhAvahIna hotA gyaa| ___bhArata meM jaba taka islAma hindutva ke sAtha samajhautA karake calane lagA ki taba taka dUsarA dharma bhI yahA~ kI dharatI meM apane paMkha pasAra rahA thA-vaha thA IsAI dharma / goroM ke nirantara bar3hate hue prabhAva ke sAtha IsAI dharma meM islAma ke samAna kaTTaratA na thii| IsAI pAdariyoM ne dharmapracAra ke lie zakti kA Azraya na lekara artha aura nIti se kAma liyA / unhoMne bAibila ke siddhAntoM ke pracAra, svadharma mahattva-pratipAdana tathA sthAna-sthAna para aspatAla skUla-kaoNleja Adi kI sthApanA se bhAratIyoM 1. yahA~ hindU dharma kA Azaya. eka aise virAT dharma se hai, jisake antargata zAsaka dharma ke atirikta anya sabhI bhAratIya dharma aura dharma ke aneka paMthoM ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai| 2. dekhie-DaoN0 mathurAlAla zarmA: bhArata kI saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 380 /

Page #37
40 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vizeSataH dalita-zoSita varga kA mana moha liyaa| phalata: aneka hindU IsAI dharma ke anuyAyI ho gye| IsAI dharma ke isa druta pracAra ko hindU dharma ke sajaga praharI sahana na kara sake / ve kumbhakarNI nidrA se jaga kara dharma-saMgrAma meM kUda par3e / bhAratIya vibhUtiyA~ apanI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kSati se paricita ho gayIM aura bhArata ke kone-kone meM punarutthAna kI lahara daur3a gyii| brahmasamAja, AryasamAja, prArthanA-samAja, rAmakRSNamizana aura thIyosophikala sosAyaTI kI sthApanA huI / ina saMsthAoM ne hindU dharma ko vizuddha rUpa dekara usakI prAcInatA evaM pavitratA ke saMdeza ko na kevala bhArata meM hI, pratyuta amerikA tathA yorupa taka pahuMcA diyaa| isa prakAra bhAratIya saMtoM, manISiyoM evaM sudhArakoM ne hindU dharma ko kSatigrasta hone se bacA hI nahIM liyA, use punaH jIvita kara diyaa| ___ jisa prakAra madhyayuga meM musalamAnoM ke damana-cakra se aura prAcIna kAla meM bauddhadharma ke pRthakatva se hindU dharma bacakara jIvita rahA, usI prakAra Adhunika yuga meM islAma dharma ko thopane aura IsAI dharma ke pracAra karane ke bAvajUda bhI yaha dharma jIvita rhaa| Alocya prabandhakAvya aura dharma uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa yuga meM dharma saMkaTagrasta thA / islAma dharma kI kaTTaratA aura IsAI dharma ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa hindU dharma parAjita hokara bhI vijayI huaa| saMtoM kI vANI ne janatA ko musalamAna aura IsAI hone se bacA liyaa| 'eka dIrghakAlIna 1. dekhie-DaoN0 IzvarIprasAda : bhAratavarSa kA navIna itihAsa, pRSTha 444 / . dekhie-bI0 ena0 lUniyA : bhAratIya sabhyatA tathA saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 442-443 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 443-44 /

Page #38
yuga-momAsA 41 saMgharSa ke bIca pisatI huI janatA aba eka sarala, sIdhA, vyayahIna tathA karmakANDa se rahita mArga cAhatI thii| aise hI samaya meM vividha udArAzaya santoM aura kaviyoM ne eka sAmAnya, subodha aura sahaja AcaraNa yogya dharma kA pracAra kavitA dvArA, upadezoM dvArA tathA jana-sevA dvArA kiyA, jisase janatA ne punaH sAntvanA prApta kii| jaina prabandhakAvyoM meM tatkAlIna dhArmika avanati kA ullekha milatA hai| sambhavataH isIlie unameM dharma ke sacce svarUpa se cyuta prANI ko sthalasthala para dhikkArA gayA hai| unameM dharma ke zraddhA, vizvAsa evaM karmakANDamUlaka tattvoM tathA naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThApanA hai / bAhyADambara kA unameM virodha hai, bhakti-jJAna aura karma-yoga kI triveNI unameM pravAhita hai|' isa yuga ke kAvya meM prAyaH svadharma ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| adhikAMza kRtiyoM meM jaina dArzanika cintana aura 'jina' bhakti-bhAvanA kI prabalatA upalabdha hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki isa kAla ke kaviyoM ne svadharma ke prati AsthA prakaTa kI hai| inhoMne dharma ke kSetra meM jo saMkIrNatA aura kaTTaratA phaila rahI thI yA alaukikatA meM aihikatA, bhakti meM vilAsa aura zRMgAra kI bhAvanA bar3ha calI thI, kA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| ye kavi jana-jana ke hRdaya meM dharma kA saMcAra kara, U~ca-nIca kA bheda-bhAva bhulAkara AtmA kI amaratA ke gAna se manuSya ko manuSyatA kI Dora se bA~dhane ke abhilASI the| vibhinna kalAoM kI sthiti kalA satata vikAsazIla tattva hai / usakA satata pravAha na kabhI rukA hai DaoN0 ravIndrakumAra : kavivara banArasIdAsa (jIvanI aura kRtitva), pRSTha 16 / 2. (a) paMcendriya saMvAda (ba) zata aSTottarI / 3. (a) pArzvapurANa (ba) zreNika carita / 4. (a) cetana karma caritra (ba) phUlamAla pcciisii|

Page #39
42 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana aura na rukegaa| yadi usake pravAha ke lie samatala bhUmi na bhI mile to vaha Ubar3a-khAbar3a bhUmi meM bhI apanI rAha Apa khoja letI hai| deza-kAla kI paristhitiyA~ use prabhAvita avazya karatI haiM kintu usake vikAsa meM gatirodha utpanna nahIM kara sakatIM, kevala usakA rUpa parivartana kara sakatI haiN| isI prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki Alocya yuga meM vividha kalAoM ne apanA rUpa sa~vArA hai, isa tathya kI puSTi itihAsa se hotI hai / tatsambandhI saMkSipta vivecana draSTavya hai| sthApatya kalA mugalakAla meM sthApatya kalA kI vizeSa unnati huI aura zAhajahA~ isa kalA kA samrAT khlaayaa| vaha eka mahattvAkAMkSI evaM kalAnurAgI vyakti thaa| usakI saundaryopAsanA meM jIvana ko rasasikta kara use devopama ramaNIyatA pradAna karane kI kSamatA thii| usane AgarA, dillI, lAhaura, kAzmIra, ajamera, ahamadAbAda Adi sthAnoM para bhavya imAratoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| dillI meM usake dvArA nirmita dIvAne Ama, dIvAne khAsa' aura motI masjida sundara sthApatya kalA ke jIte-jAgate namUne haiN| tAja jaisI advitIya kalAkRti ke nirmANa 1. "agara phiradausa bara rue jamI jasta / hamIM astau hamIM astau hamIM asta // " Aja bhI dIvAne khAsa kI dIvAra para aMkita upayukta paMktiyoM kA Azaya hai-yadi bhUtala para kahIM Ananda kA svarga hai, to yahI hai, yahI hai, yahI hai| niHsandeha Agare kA tAja saMsAra kI sabase zAnadAra aura sabase sundara imArata hai| bhAratIya nirmANa-kalA para vaha jhUmara kA kAma detA hai / deza kI isa patitAvasthA meM bhI vaha hara bhAratavAsI ke sacce abhimAna aura gaurava kA pAtra hai aura zilpa ke maidAna meM islAma se pahale ke bhAratIya AdarzoM aura bAda ke muslima AdoM, donoM ke premAliMgana kA namUnA hai| -sundaralAla : bhArata meM aMgrejI rAja (prathama khaNDa), pRSTha 73-74 /

Page #40
yuga-mImAMsA karAne se zAhajahA~ amara ho gayA hai / nAnA ratnoM se jar3A huA mayUra siMhAsana bhI usakI anUThI kRti thii|' vastutaH zAhajahA~ kI imArateM ratnajar3ita AbhUSaNoM ke samAna haiM / usake rAjyAzraya meM jar3iyA aura citrakAra kI 'kalAeM saphalatApUrvaka sammizrita ho gyiiN| ...."maNi-kuTTima kI citra-vicitra kalA zAhajahA~ ke bhavanoM meM carama parAkASThA ko pahuMcI hai / sone ke raMga kA mukta prayoga, nakkAzI kI sUkSmatA tathA ratnoM va maNiyoM kA jar3Ava zAhajahA~ kI imAratoM meM vilakSaNa hai / zAhajahA~yugIna sthApatya meM nakkAzI-kalA va citraNa-kalA kI viziSTatA bhI adhika hai| zAhajahA~ ke pazcAt auraMgajeba kA rAjatva kAla kalAoM ke hrAsa kA kAla hai| usake zAsanakAla meM sabhI kalAoM ke sAtha sthApatya kalA kA bhI patana huaa| isa patana ke kAraNa the--(1) auraMgajeba kI dhArmika kaTTaratA, (2) kalA apriyatA aura (3) usa samaya ke anavarata yuddha, azAnti _ 'yaha siMhAsana palaMga ke samAna thA aura usake pAye sone ke bane hue the / mInAkArI se banA huA cikanA aura sundara candovA panne ke bane hue bAraha khambhoM para lagA huA thaa| pratyeka khambhe meM do ratnajaTita mora bane hue the / hIrA, lAla, pannA aura motI se ladA huA eka vRkSa pakSiyoM (moroM) ke pratyeka jor3e ke bIca meM lagA huA thA / andarUnI chata meM mInAkArI ho rahI thI aura bAharI chata meM lAla tathA dUsare ratna jar3e hue the / samrATa ke siMhAsana taka jAne ke lie tIna sIr3hiyA~ ratnoM se jar3I huI thI aura siMhAsana ke cAroM ora gyAraha caukhaTeM thiiN| isake bIcoMbIca eka kendrIya ratna thA, jo eka sundara lAla thA aura jise zAha abbAsa prathama ne jahA~gIra ko bheMTa meM diyA thA / nAdirazAha 1736 I0 meM mayUra siMhAsana ko phArasa le gayA / aba yaha saMsAra meM nahIM hai|' -DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava : mugalakAlIna bhArata, pRSTha 568 / 2. bI0 ena0 lUniyA : bhAratIya sabhyatA tathA saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 402-403 /

Page #41
44 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana aura arthAbhAva / usane dillI ke lAla kile meM saMgamaramara kI eka masjida, lAhaura meM bAdazAhI masjida aura kAzI ke vizvanAtha mandira kA dhvaMsa karA, usI ke bhagnAvazeSoM para eka aura masjida kA nirmANa karAyA, parantu una sabameM zilpa-nirmANakalA ke hrAsa kA AbhAsa milatA hai| auraMgajeba ke anantara mugala zAsakoM kI zakti kSINa aura unakA vaibhava vilupta hotA jA rahA thA, ataH vAstukalA kA zAhI darabAroM se uTha jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| dUsarI ora, zAhajahA~ ke yuga ke uparAnta, jabaki sthApatyakalA patanonmukha ho rahI thI, bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM isa kalA ko paryApta saMrakSaNa aura protsAhana mila rahA thaa| jayapura ke mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha ne zilpakalA ke utkarSa evaM Adarza rUpa 'jayapura' nagara kA nirmANa karAyA; mahArANA rAjasiMha ne udayapura ke pAsa 'rAjasamanda' (nirmANa kArya Arambha vikrama saMvat 1718, sampanna 1732) aura mahArANA jayasiMha ne 'jayasamanda' (nirmANa-kArya Arambha vikrama saMvat 1744, sampanna 1748), mahArAjA pratApapAla ne karaulI meM prasiddha 'ziromaNi mandira' nAmaka sarovara tathA 'gajavilAsa' nAmaka mahala (vikrama 19vIM zatI kA antima caraNa) kA nirmANa kraayaa| hindU narezoM dvArA isa yuga meM aneka prasiddha durgoM, rAja-prAsAdoM, mandiroM, chatariyoM, bAgoM, tAlAboM Adi ke nirmANa kA ullekha milatA hai / ina vAstukRtiyoM meM hindU-mugala zailI ke samanvaya kA paricaya milatA hai| isa yuga kI anya kalAkRtiyoM meM ullekhanIya haiM-jayasiMha kI vedhazAlA, ahalyA bAI ke mandira, amRtasara meM sikkhoM kA svarNa-mandira, lakhanaU ke nabAvoM dvArA nirmita unake do-eka imAmabAr3e tathA vilAsa 1. dekhie-jagadIzasiMha gahalota : rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa (pahalA bhAga), pRSTha 113, 134, 586,688, 686 /

Page #42
yuga-mImAMsA bhavana evaM udyAna, pezavAoM dvArA kucha tIrthoM para banAye gaye katipaya hindU mandira Adi / Alocya prabandhakAvya aura sthApatyakalA sthApatyakalA kA utkarSa Alocya kAvyoM meM bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai| usa samaya ke zAhI mahala svarga se hor3a lete the| unakI chabi nirAlI hotI thii| unameM bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke ratnoM kA mukta prayoga hotA thaa| unameM sundara pakSI pAle jAte the, phUloM se vaha itanA sajA diyA jAtA thA ki vahA~ madhumAsa kA dRzya upasthita hotA thaa| vastutaH ye mahala kAma-vilAsa ke pratIka hote the| U~ce-U~ce mandiroM meM ratnoM ke prayoga ke sAtha hI aneka pazu-pakSiyoM ke citra bhI khacita kiye jAte the| unakI divya AbhA pratyeka darzaka ke hRdaya meM praphullatA kA saMcAra karatI thI / rAjA-raIsoM ke bAgoM kI zobhA bhI nirAlI hotI thii| unameM kitane hI prakAra ke phala-phUloM ke vRkSa hote the / ' citrakalA mugalakAla citrakalA ke pUrNa vikAsa evaM vaibhava kA kAla hai / akabara aura jahA~gIra ke yuga meM citrakalA kA vikAsa caramotkarSa para pahuMca gayA thaa| akabara citrakalA kA ananya premI thA aura jahA~gIra usakA sUkSma pArakhI aura samAlocaka thaa| ina donoM hI samrAToM ne citrakalA ko 1. DaoN0 jyotiprasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi, pRSTha 582 / 2. yazodhara carita, padya 283 se 260 / 3. pArzvapurANa, padya 117, pRSTha 133 / vahI, padya 88-86, pRSTha 130 / jahA~gIra 'tujuke jahA~gIra' meM svayaM likhatA hai-'yadi aneka kalAkAroM dvArA eka se adhika citra banAye jAyeM, to bhI maiM pratyeka kalAkAra kI (kramazaH)

Page #43
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zAzvata saundarya evaM aizvarya se alaMkRta kiyA thA / saundaryopAsaka jahA~gIra to isa kSetra meM apane pitA akabara se bhI eka kadama Age nikala gayA aura citrakalA ke samrAT - pada kA adhikArI bana gayA / 46 jahA~gIra ke pazcAt zAhajahA~ ke samaya citrakalA ko itanA protsAhana nahIM milA, jitanA vAstukalA ko / 'zAhajahA~ apane pUrvajoM ke samAna isa kalA kA saMrakSaNa to karatA rahA, kintu vaha apane pitA aura dAdA ke samAna citrakArI kA agAdha premI nahIM thA / usake samaya kI citrakArI meM sone-cA~dI ityAdi kI jhalaka kI pradhAnatA thI, kintu usameM nAnA prakAra ke raMgoM tathA chAyA kA isa taraha se mizraNa nahIM thA jisase citrakAra ke bhAva sundaratA ke sAtha prakaTa ho sakeM / " aneka citrakAroM ko usane rAjyAzraya se vaMcita kara diyA thA / 'mugala darabAra se nirAza hokara ina kalAvantoM ne rAjapUtAne ke vividha rAjAoM aura himAlaya ke pArvatya pradezoM ke rAjAoM kA Azraya liyA aura vahA~ jAkara citrakalA kI una zailiyoM kA vikAsa kiyA, jinheM 'rAjapUta zailI' va 'pahAr3I zailI ' kahate haiM / " zAhajahA~ kA putra dArAzikoha bhI citrakalA kA ananya premI thA aura usane citrakalA kI unnati meM apanA viziSTa yoga diyA; kintu isake viparIta auraMgajeba isa kalA kA zatru thA / ' kahA jAtA hai ki usane bIjApura ke mahaloM aura sikandarA kI citrakArI para saphedI karavA dI thI / jahA~gIra ke samaya meM bane hue IsAI citroM ko usane bigar3avA diyA thA / " citrakArI alaga-alaga banA dU~gA / yadi eka hI citra aneka citrakAroM dvArA bhI banAyA jAye to bhI usa eka citra ke bhinna-bhinna aMgoM ke banAne vAloM ke nAma batA dU~gA / ' --tujuke jahA~gIrI ( anuvAdaka rojara tathA vaivarija), jilda 1, pRSTha 20 1. DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla : mugalakAlIna. bhArata, pRSTha 585 / 2. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra : bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa, pRSTha 577 / 4. DaoN0 mathurAlAla zarmA : bhArata kI saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 366

Page #44
yuga-mImAMsA 47 kintu isakA yaha Azaya nahIM ki mugala sAmrAjya ke patana ke sAtha hI citrakalA kA bhI patana ho gayA / zAhajahA~ kI udAsInatA, auraMgajeba kI kalA-vidveSatA aura Age ke mugala samrAToM kI upekSA vRtti ke do pariNAma hue-(1) rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM citrakAra vikendrita hue aura prAya: samasta bhArata meM phaila gaye / unhoMne haidarAbAda, maisUra, paTanA, baMgAla, avadha, lakhanaU, jayapura, jodhapura, bIkAnera, koTA, bUdI, udayapura, nAthadvArA Adi ke rAjAoM tathA navAboM kA Azraya grahaNa kara liyaa| phalataH ina sthAnoM para citrakalA apanI zAlIna bhaMgimA ke sAtha nava-nava chaviyoM, nava-nava zailiyoM aura nava-nava raMgoM meM phUlatI-phalatI rahI / (2) dUsarA pariNAma yaha huA ki citrakalA ne vyavasAya kA rUpa le liyaa| citrakAra jana-sAdhAraNa kI ruci evaM mA~ga ke anukUla bahulatA se citra banAne lage / citrakAra kI tUlikA ko mukta raMgasthalI na mila pAyI / phira bhI citrakalA kI aneka zailiyoM kA vikAsa hotA rahA / 'aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM kAMgar3A kI citrakArI dekhane meM AyI / isakI eka zAkhA TeharI-gar3havAla kI citrakArI thii| kuzala AlocakoM ne ina kalAoM kI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai / " Alocya prabandhakAvya aura citrakalA samIkSya prabandhakAvyoM meM vikasita citrakalA kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / mahaloM aura mandiroM ko nAnA raMgoM se yukta nAnA citroM se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thaa| ve bhAMti-bhAMti ke mohaka citroM se citrakalA-jagata meM krAnti upasthita karate the / aneka citrakAroM kI kalA meM sUkSmatama bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA hotI thii| citrakAra kI kalpanA se kavi-kalpanA meM utarA huA prastuta citra tatkAlIna citrakalA ke utkarSa kI ora iMgita karatA hai : 1. DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla : mugalakAlIna bhArata, pRSTha 585 / 2. vividha varana soM balayAkAra / jhalakai indra dhanuSa unahAra // kahiM syAma kahiM kaMcana rUpa / kahiM vidruma kahiM harita anUpa // -pAyapurANa, padya 68-66, pRSTha 128

Page #45
48 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana pratidaMta sarovara eka bIsa / sarasarahaM kamalinI sau pacIsa // ekaika kamalinI prati mahAna / paccIsa manohara kamala ThAna / prati kamala eka sau ATha patra / sobhA varanI nahiM jAya tatra // patrana para nAceM deva nAri / jaga mohata jinakI chabi nihAri // mAMgalika parvotsavoM para ghara-ghara meM citra race jAte the| ina citroM meM loka-hRdaya jhA~katA thA / vaivAhika avasaroM para dulaha-dulahina ke hAthoM para meMhadI se vicitra-vicitra citra utAre jAte the / ' saMgIta kalA nissaMdeha akabara mahAn ke yuga meM saMgIta kalA kA jitanA vikAsa huA, utanA Alocya yuga meM nahIM huA; phira bhI isa kAla meM isa kalA kA pracura vikAsa huA dRSTigata hotA hai| zAhajahA~ saMgIta aura gAna-vidyA kA marmajJa, rasika aura premI thA / vaha gAne-bajAne kA zaukIna hI na thA, svayaM sarasa gItoM kA racayitA bhI thaa| usakA svara itanA komala aura madhura thA ki 'aneka zuddhAtmA sUphI phakIra tathA saMsAra se saMnyAsa lene vAle sAdhu-saMta bhI usakA gAnA sunakara sudha-budha visAra dete the aura paramAnanda meM lIna ho jAte the| vaha kalAvantoM kA sabase bar3A saMrakSaka thA / 'musalamAna saMgItajJoM ke sAtha-sAtha usane hindU saMgItajJoM ko bhI rAjyAzraya diyA thaa| pramukha hindU saMgItajJoM meM jagannAtha aura bIkAnera ke janArdana bhaTTa vizeSa ullekha 1. pArzva purANa, padya 21-23, pRSTha 66 / 2. neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 2-3 / 3. sarakAra : sTaDIja ina mugala iMDiyA, pRSTha 12-13 /

Page #46
yuga-mImAMsA nIya haiN| usake darabAra meM rAmadAsa aura mahApAtra do pradhAna gAyaka the| kahA jAtA hai ki 'samrAT apane saMskRta rAjakavi jagannAtha ke gAne se itanA prasanna huA thA ki usane use inAma meM usake barAbara sonA tolakara diyA thaa| auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM anya lalita kalAoM ke sAtha hI saMgIta kalA kA bhI hrAsa huaa| yadyapi 'apane zAsana ke prArambhika dasa varSoM meM vaha bhI apane pUrvAdhikAriyoM ke samAna acche-acche gAyakoM ke gAne sunA karatA thA aura saMgIta kalA ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA karatA thA; kintu jyoM-jyoM usakI Ayu bar3hatI gayI, tyoM-tyoM vaha saMyamI tathA virakta hotA gyaa| usane gAnA sunanA chor3a diyA aura sabhI darabArI gAyakoM ko darabAra se nikAla diyA / nirAza saMgItajJa rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM citrakAroM ke samAna hI prAntIya rAjAoM, navAboM evaM anya zrImantoM ke Azraya meM cale gaye / vRkSa kI DAlI kATa diye jAne para pakSiyoM ne apanA dUsarA Azraya-sthala khoja liyA / 'mugala samrATa auraMgajeba ke pazcAt mohammadazAha raMgIle ne saMgIta ko protsAhita kara use jIvanadAna diyaa| usake kAla meM zrIvihIna mugala-darabAra adAraMga aura sadAraMga ke 'khyAloM se guMjita ho uThA / isake atirikta zorI miyA~ ne bhI 'ThappA' gAyana kA pracAra kiyA jisakI viziSTatA kaNTha se dAnedAra svara nikalanA hai / isI samaya hindU aura IrAnI zailiyoM ke sammizraNa se aura bhI navIna, sumadhura, sarasa zailiyoM va dhvaniyoM kA nirmANa huaa| ... zrInivAsa ne saMgIta para 'rAga tattva navabodha' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| ..."dakSiNa ke sulatAna bhI saMgItajJoM kI eka senAsI rakhate the / golakuNDA meM to bIsa hajAra saMgItajJa mAne jAte the| isake atirikta samasta hindU rAja-sabhAoM meM saMgIta jIvana kA eka Avazyaka .. bI0 ena0 lUniyA : bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 416 / 2. DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla : mugalakAlIna bhArata, pRSTha 586 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 586-560 /

Page #47
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| jayapura ke mahArAjA pratApasiMha ke darabAra meM viziSTa saMgItajJoM kA sammelana bhI huA aura 'saMgItasAgara' nAmaka pustaka bhI likhI gii| lokagItoM ke pariveza meM bhI saMgIta pallavita hotA rhaa| aneka kaviyoM evaM santoM ne bhI saMgItakalA ko vikasita kiyA / 'bhAratIya itihAsavijJoM se yaha bAta chipI huI nahIM hai ki una bhakta-pravara kaviyoM aura prabuddha pratibhAsampanna santoM ne jana-gaNa-mana se udAsInatA aura nirAzA ko haTAkara AzA aura ullAsa kA saMcAra kiyaa| bhoga kI bhayaMkara gandagI ko haTAkara bhakti kA sugandhita sarasabja bAga lagAyA va dArzanika jaise gahana-gambhIra vicAroM aura dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko gaganacumbI rAja-prAsAdoM se lekara garIboM kI jhoMpar3iyoM meM bhI pahu~cAne kA prayatna kiyaa|" usa yuga meM jaina saMta kaviyoM aura vaidika bhakta kaviyoM ne jo saMgIta sirajA, vaha AdhyAtmika rasa se AplAvita hai / unakA tejasvI svara bhaugolika sImAoM ko lAMghakara sudUra prAntoM meM bhI gUjA / " isI saMdarbha meM DaoN. IzvarIprasAda ne likhA hai-'dhArmika puruSoM meM gAna-vidyA kA kAphI pracAra thaa| ziyA aura sUphiyoM meM isakA bahata ravAja thaa| kabIrapaMthiyoM meM bhajana khUba gAye jAte the / baMgAla ke vaiSNava 'kathA' tathA 'kIrtana' ko apane anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne kA sAdhana samajhate the / vallabha sampradAya ke vaiSNavoM meM aneka asAdhAraNa gAyaka the| dakSiNa meM rAmadAsa aura tukArAma ne gAna-vidyA ko dhArmika upadeza dene kA sAdhana banAyA / tukArAma ke 'abhaMga' bI0 ena0 lUniyA : bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 416 / 2. san 1779-1804 I0 / 3. devendra muni zAstrI : lekha-zIrSaka-'bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMgIta kalA', gurudeva zrI ratnamuni smRti graMtha, pRSTha 266 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 264 / 5. vahI, pRSTha 266 /

Page #48
yuga-mImAMsA gAkara sunAye jAte the jinheM sunakara janatA ke hRdaya meM dhArmika zraddhA aura bhakti ke bhAva jAgRta hote the / " 51 sArAMza yaha hai ki isa yuga meM saMgIta kalA kA caturdika vikAsa huA / usakA prasAra rAjaprAsAda se lekara nirdhana kI kuTiyA taka huA / 'zAstrIya ' aura 'sugama' donoM prakAra ke saMgIta se samagra bhArata gUMja rahA thA / zreSTha saMgItajJoM ke kaMTha meM to saMgIta thA hI, vividha zailiyoM ke lokagItoM, saguNanirguNa bhaktoM kI vANiyoM aura kaviyoM kI aneka racanAoM meM asaMkhya rAga-rAginiyoM para AdhArita dezI aura 'DhAloM' meM bhI saMgIta kI lahareM uThatI thIM / Alocya prabandhakAvya aura saMgIta kalA Alocya kRtiyA~ tatkAlIna saMgIta kalA kI praticchAyA se asampRktA nahIM haiM / kucha prabandha racanAe~ to prAyaH pUrNata: saMgItAtmaka hI haiM aura kucha meM sthala-sthala para saMgIta kI svara laharI kA guMjana hai / " yaha nirvivAda hai ki zvetAmbara kaviyoM ke kAvya meM saMgIta tattva zIrSa para hai / unakI 'rAsa - caupaI' nAmAnta adhikAMza racanAoM meM jitanI rAga-rAginiyoM, deziyoM aura DhAloM kA prayoga huA hai aura jisa sundara vidhi se saMgIta ko kAvya ke sA~ce meM DhAlA hai, vaha durlabha hai; kintu digambara kaviyoM ke kAvya meM bhI 1. DaoN0 IzvarIprasAda : bhAratavarSa kA nayA itihAsa, pRSTha 426 / 1. neminAtha maMgala, rAjula maMgala, zreNika carita, nemIzvararAsa Adi / 3. rAjula paccIsI, cetana karmacaritra, paMcendriya saMvAda, zata aSTottarI, phUlamAla paccIsI Adi / 4. zvetAmbara kaviyoM kA adhikAMza kAvya rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita hai / usameM prayukta DhAloM meM deziyoM evaM gItiyoM kA 'atha' se 'iti' taka prayoga bar3e Azcarya kA viSaya hai / ye lokagIta na hoM, kintu lokagItoM kI prakRtAvasthA ke atyanta samIpa, gItikAvya-tattvoM se yukta, nava-nava rAgoM se sikta (kramaza:)

Page #49
52 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana saMgItaparakatA pracura parimANa meM upalabdha hotI hai|' ina kaviyoM ne maulika hI nahIM anUdita prabandhakAvyoM meM bhI saMgIta apanI sumadhura gUja se na jAne kaba se loka-jIvana ko rasaplAvita kara rahI haiM / vastuta: inameM rasa kA pracchanna pravAha, sahaja saukumArya evaM kalA kA abhinava raMga hai| sacamuca prabandha ke kathAnaka kI bahatI huI dhArA meM, upadeza ke gahare-halake raMga ke bIca, zilpa-suSamA se susajjita, saMgIta kI saprANatA se surabhita, loka-mAnasa ko rasa se AhlAdita karane vAlI kitanI deziyoM se, kitanI rAga-rAginiyoM meM, kitane kaviyoM ne, kaba se kAvya ko sajAyA; kitane unake AyAma haiM; kahA~ unakA udgama srota hai; kaba aura kahAM unakA kyA svarUpa rahA hai; carita, rAsa, caupaI Adi kAvyoM meM unakA kyA sthAna hai---Adi aneka TUTI huI kar3iyoM ke jur3a jAne se saMgIta aura sAhitya kA eka rikta konA bhara skegaa| yaha svataMtra zodha kA viSaya hai| ye saba itane prazna haiM, jinakA uttara koI anusandhitsu hI de skegaa| (vizeSa ke lie dekhie-zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA 'abhaya jaina granthAlaya' bIkAnera, rAjasthAna / ) 1. (ka) seTha vasyo pura Ai, ho bhAI seTha vasyau pura Ai / tA suta ko pAleM dou bhAmini hitamita teM adhikAi // ho bhAI seTha vasyo pura Ai0 / / -zroNika carita, padya 440, pRSTha 32 / (kha) arI Rtu basaMta kI AI haaN| arI saba phUla rahI bana rAI hA~ // arI saba kheleM phAguna horI haaN| arI satabhAmA rukamani gorI haaN| -neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 1 /

Page #50
yuga-mImAMsA kI prANapratiSThA hetu aneka saMgItAtmaka chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake madhya sthala-sthala para 'savaiyA' chanda kA bahulatA se prayoga bhI saMgIta-sRSTi kI dRSTi se hI huA pratIta hotA hai / yaha chanda apane nAda-saundarya ke lie prasiddha hai, jisameM saMgIta kI taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM / samIkSya prabandhoM meM aneka sthaloM para jisa 'Teka' zailI ke prayoga se aura pratyeka paMkti yA do-cAra paMktiyoM ke Arambha, madhya athavA anta meM arI, hA~, re, tau, suna, re lAla, lAla Adi sambodhanAtmaka zabdoM kI yojanA se bhI saMgItamayatA dhvanita hotI hai| __ kahanA cAhie ki isa yuga meM saMgIta samrAToM, rAjA-mahArAjAoM Adi ke mahaloM aura bhavanoM meM hI gUMjane ke lie nahIM thA; vaha janasAdhAraNa ke hRdaya ko bhI rasa-vibhora karane ke lie thaa| kaviyoM ne bhI use kAvya meM sthAna diyA / loka-mAnasa ko rasa kI akhaNDa dhArA se sIMcane, sAra kI bAta ko jana-hRdaya para aMkita karane aura bhAva ke prabhAva ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie kAvya meM saMgIta kA puTa diyA jAnA kama mahattvapUrNa na thaa| 1. (ka) kaMcanamaya jhArI ratanani jArI kSIra samudra jala le bhariyaM / sItala hiya kAraM cacita sAraM DhArata anupama dhAra trayaM / / pUjata sura rAjaM haraSa samAja jinavara caraNa kamala jugaM / dukha nivAraM saba sukha kAraM dAyaka siva pada gaurava paraM // -varddhamAna purANa, sarga 11, padya 166, pRSTha 166 / (kha) kiteka saSAna saMga meM, sugaMdha lAya aMga meM, gumAna kI taraMga meM, susAra gIta gAvate / kiteka nRtya cAva sauM kareM, suhAva bhAva sauM dharai, supAva dAva sauM kareM, suhAtha kauM phirAvate / / kiteka suvAma sAtha lai, suvIna Apa hAtha lai, mRdaMga sAra vAtha lai, sutAla se bajAvate / suraMga raMga lAya ke, abIra kauM lagAya ke, gulAla ko ur3Ai ke, pramoda kU bar3hAvate // -jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala vilAlA), padya 24, pRSTha 43 /

Page #51
54 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana sAhitya ___ AlocyakAla meM vividha bhASAoM meM vipula sAhitya kI sRSTi huI hai / hindI ke atirikta saMskRta, phArasI, urdU, bagalA, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, kannar3a, tamila, telagU aura malayAlama Adi bhASAoM meM bhI gadya aura padya meM mahattvapUrNa sAhitya kA sRjana huA / kalAtmaka upalabdhi, bhASA-vikAsa, prema aura zRGgAra ke sarasa citraNa, bhakti aura vairAgya ke madhura svara, sAmAjika pariSkAra evaM deza-prema kI madhumaya gUja, dArzanika tattvoM ke nirUpaNa, dhArmika jAgrati, prazasti gAna evaM aitihAsika zodha Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se yaha sAhitya bahumUlya aura upAdeya hai / tatkAlIna adhikAMza sAhityasarjanA kA zreya una samrAToM, navAboM, rAjA-mahArAjAoM, sAmantoM, jAgIradAroM, manasabadAroM Adi ko hai, jinake Azraya meM isa sAhitya kA sRjana huA; aura zreya una pratibhAsampanna svataMtra kaviyoM, kalAkAroM, saMtoM evaM manISiyoM ko bhI kama nahIM hai, jo sarva prakAreNa sarva bandhanoM se vimukta rahakara, jana-jIvana meM ghula-milakara, samAja ke jarjarita jIvana meM prANa phUMkane aura mAnavatva kI pratiSThA ke nimitta loka-maMgalonmukha dRSTi se jIvana bhara sAhitya-sAdhanA meM lIna rhe| hindI bhASA tathA sAhitya isa yuga meM anya bhASAoM kI apekSA hindI meM sarvAdhika sAhitya kI racanA huI / gadya ke kSetra meM brajabhASA aura khar3I bolI mizrita brajabhASA donoM kA hI samucita vikAsa huA aura padya ke kSetra meM brajabhASA kA vikAsa caramotkarSa para phuNcaa| isa kAla meM alaMkAra, rasa, dhvani, guNa, nAyikAbheda Adi rIti-granthoM kA praNayana kAvya-zAstrIya paddhati ke AdhAra para bahulatA se huA; ataH yaha kAla pramukhataH 'rItikAla' khlaayaa| camatkAra-nirUpaNa, ukti-vaicitrya evaM kalAtmaka utkarSa ke Adhikya ke kAraNa katipaya vidvAnoM ne isa kAla ko 'kalAkAla' kI saMjJA dI aura zRMgAra rasa ke atireka kI dRSTi se kucha AlocakoM ne ise 'zRgArakAla' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAnA adhika samIcIna smjhaa|

Page #52
yuga-mImAMsA 55 jo ho, isa yuga ke kaviyoM kI lambI-caur3I sUcI hai / inameM se kucha kavi haiM, kucha AcArya aura kucha kavi aura AcArya donoM hI / adhyayana kI saralatA ke lie ina kaviyoM kA zreNI vibhAjana bhI huA hai / cintAmaNi, matirAma, deva, jasavantasiMha, kulapatimizra, zrIpati, somanAtha, pratApasAhi Adikavi rItibaddha kavi haiM / inhoMne apane lakSaNagranthoM meM kAvya-zAstra ke sabhI aMgoM para prakAza DAlA hai| rItisiddha kaviyoM meM bihArI aura rasanidhi kA nAma zIrSa para hai / ye lalita kAvya ke praNetA rasa-siddha kavIzvara kahalAte haiM / ye rIti kI kaThora paramparA meM baMdhe nahIM rahe / komala kalpanAoM aura maMjula bhAvanAoM kA vyApaka prasAra inake kAvya meM pratibimbita hai / tIsare prakAra ke kavi rIti-mukta the / rIti kA paramparAgata bandhana inheM svIkArya na thA / 'ye hRdaya ke phailAva ke lie aura caur3I bhUmi cAhate the |............ye prema kI abhivyakti ke lie hRdaya kA pUrNa yoga saMghaTita karane ke abhilASuka the / "" "rAjazekhara ne aise kaviyoM ko kAvya - kavi kahA hai |............ye zRMgAra yA prema ke unmukta gAyaka the / Alama, ghanA - nanda, ThAkura aura bodhA aise hI kavi the / " ina kaviyoM kA rItimukta kAvya artha-vistAra, bhAva-gAMbhIrya tIvrAnubhUti, komala kalpanAoM, marmasparzI udbhAvanAoM evaM zilpa-vidhAna Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se atyutkRSTa hai / isa yuga ke saikar3oM jaina kaviyoM kA vizAla kAvya bhI rItimukta kAvya ke antargata AtA hai, antara kevala itanA hai ki jaina kavi unmukta prema ke gAyaka na the-- zIla, bhakti aura adhyAtma ke puraskartA the / isa kSetra meM bhUdharadAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Anandaghana, vinodIlAla, lakSmIdAsaM, pANDe lAlacanda, daulatarAma, kizanasiMha, rAmacandra 'bAlaka', lAlacanda labdhodaya, jinaharSa, jinaraMga sUri Adi-Adi kavi isI koTi ke the / adhikAMza vIra rasa ke kavi bhI uparyukta zra eNI ke antargata Ate haiM / isa paramparA ke kaviyoM meM bhUSaNa, sukhadeva mizra, bainI pravIna, pratApasAhi, zrIdhara, lAla, jodharAja, gumAna mizra, sUdana, candrazekhara Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / vizvanAthaprasAda mizra : bihArI kI vAgvibhUti, pRSTha 3 / 1.

Page #53
56 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vastutaH 'rItiyuga pratibhAsampanna kaviyoM kA yuga thaa|'' DaoN0 nagendra ke zabdoM meM-'eka aura bihArI jaise sUkSmadarzI kavi kI nigAha saundarya ke bArIka se bArIka saketa ko pakar3a sakatI thI, to dUsarI ora matirAma, deva, dhanAnanda, padmAkara jaise rasa-siddha kaviyoM kI to sampUrNa cetanA hI jaise rUpa ke parva meM aindriya Ananda kA pAna karake utsava manAne lagatI thii| nayanotsava kA aisA raMga vidyApati ko chor3akara prAcIna sAhitya me anyatra durlabha hai / 2 bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se rItikAlIna sAhitya samRddha aura spRhaNIya hai / vaha brajabhASA ke itihAsa meM svarNayuga hai| vaha hamAre lie eka atula sampatti hai jisase abhI hame bahuta kucha lenA hai| hameM tAjamahala kI bhAMti ise surakSita rakhanA hai| isa yuga kI kalA para pratyeka hindI vAle ko nAja honA caahie|' niSkarSata: isa kAla meM kevala laukika zRMgAra, kAvya-nIti aura kalA-kavitAI kA hI kAvya nahIM racA gayA, (yadyapi isa prakAra ke kAvya kI bahulatA avazya thI) varan hindI sAhitya kI pUrva-pravRttiyoM kA bhI poSaNa huaa| vIra-prazasti, bhagavad-prema, dArzanika cintana, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke anubhava, vyAvahArika upadeza, loka-nIti aura premAkhyAna Adi viSayoM para bhI isa samaya sundara racanAoM kI dhArAe~ pracuratA se pravAhita ho rahI thiiN| inameM nIti, upadeza aura dainika jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM kA sAhitya to bahuta prabhAvazAlI aura lokapriya hai / isameM satya aura ziva kA sundara sammizraNa hai|" 1. DaoN0 bhagIratha mizra : hindI rItisAhitya, pRSTha 14 / 3. DaoN0 nagendra : rItikAvya kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 174 / sudhAkara pANDeya : hindI sAhitya aura sAhityakAra, pRSTha 106 / DaoN0 dInadayAla gupta : 'rItikAla kI mahattA' lekha zIrSaka, rItikAvyAlocana vizeSAMka, sAhitya-saMdeza, julAI-agasta, 1956 I0, pRSTha 104-105 /

Page #54
yuga-mImAMsA 57 pramukha kAvyadhArAe~ Alocya yuga apanI sAhityika navInatAoM ke lie hI prazasta nahIM hai, varan usameM paramparAe~ bhI samAhata huI haiN| pUrvavartI kAvya tathA paramparita kAvyagata dhArAoM se usane bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA hai, kintu naye pariveza meM / usameM jhalakatA huA navyatA kA paripArzva yugIna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra hai / yaha yuga kAvya kI samRddhi kA yuga hai, jisakI aneka dhArAe~ haiN| isa kAla meM muktaka bhI race gaye aura prabandha bhI, kintu pradhAnatA muktaka kI hI rahI / rItibaddha kAvya aura zRMgAra kAvya pracura parimANa meM sirajA gayA / rItimukta kAvya aura vIra-kAvya kA bhI sRjana huA / bhaktiparaka racanAe~ bhI sAmane AyIM aura nItiparaka racanAe~ bhii| premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM kA bhI praNayana huA aura svacchanda kAvyoM kA bhI / maulika kAvya ke sAtha-sAtha anUdita kAvya kA bhI paryApta mAtrA meM praNayana huA / kalAtmaka camatkAra aura bhASAgata sauSThava isa kAla kI vizeSatA rahI / isa samaya ke kAvya kI pramukha dhArAe~ draSTavya haiM : muktakakAvya dhArA yaha kAla muktaka kAvya-racanA kA kAla hai| isa kAla kA utkRSTatama kAvya muktaka kAvya-zailI meM hI praNIta huA aura sphuTa muktaka chandoM ke praNayana meM hI isa yuga kI vizeSatA samAhita rahI / tatkAlIna kavitA rAja-darabAroM meM hI vizeSata: pallavita huii| 'darabAra meM jo racanAe~ sunAyI jAtI haiM, unake lie kathAbaddha prabandhoM se kAma nahIM calatA / thor3e samaya ke lie jo racanA rasa-magna karane vAlI ho, vahI vahA~ kAma kI ho sakatI hai, usakA muktaka honA bahuta Avazyaka hotA hai|" AzrayadAtAoM aura rAja-darabAra ke kAvya-rasikoM ke pAsa prabandha ke itivRttAtmaka varNanoM ko par3hane-sunane ke lie dhairya aura avakAza hI kahA~ thA ? 1. vizvanAthaprasAda mizra : bihArI kI vAgvibhUti, pRSTha 15 /

Page #55
58 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana itanA hI nahIM, muktakakAvya-bAhulya kA eka kAraNa aura thaa| jo kavi rAjyAzrita na the; kabIra, sUra, tulasI, mIrA~ kI bhA~ti svataMtra prakRti ke kalAkAra the; jo lokahitAya aura svAntaHsukhAya ke lie kavitA karane meM Anandotsava manAte the; jo kAvya ke mAdhyama se jana-hRdaya ko Andolita karane ke abhilASI the, aise kaviyoM ko bhI prabandha kI apekSA muktaka adhika priya aura adhika prabhAvazAlI pratIta huaa| unakI dRSTi meM muktaka se hI unakI jana-hRdaya meM gaharI paiTha ho sakatI thii| isa yuga meM aneka chandoM meM muktaka-racanA huI; jIvana aura jagat ke aneka pakSoM ko lekara muktakoM ko rUpAyita kiyA gyaa| muktakoM kA viSayakSetra vyApaka rhaa| prabandhakAvya-dhArA Upara yaha likhA jA cukA hai ki samIkSya yuga meM prabandhakAvyoM kI apekSA muktakoM kI adhika racanA huI / sAtha hI isa yuga meM jo prabandhakAvya praNIta hue, ve saMkhyA meM cAhe kitane hI hoM, kintu zreSThatA meM ve 'rAmacaritamAnasa' yA 'kAmAyanI' jaise kAvyoM kI samAnatA nahIM kara sakate / isa samaya adhikAMzataH khaNDakAvya yA ekArthakAvya hI race gye| yaha bAta nahIM ki mahAkAvya race hI nahIM gaye, para ve saMkhyA meM bahuta thor3e haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki prabandhakAvyoM kA praNayana isa yuga meM bhI samApta nahIM ho gayA / prabandhakAvyoM kI dhArA hindI ke AdikAla se calakara bhaktikAla ko pAra karatI huI isa yuga meM bhI satata pravahamAna hotI rhii| rItikAvya-dhArA __ AcArya bana kara kAvya-zAstra ke niyamoM ke vivecana kI pravRtti bhI isa yuga ke aneka kaviyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| kucha kavi-AcAryoM ne sampUrNa kAvyAMgoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA; to kucha ne rasa, alaMkAra, dhvani Adi kA / isa prakAra lakSaNa-granthoM kI isa yuga meM bAr3ha-sI A gii|

Page #56
56 yuga-mImAMsA ina lakSaNa-granthoM meM naye cintana, naye dRSTikoNa yA mahattvapUrNa dena ke abhAva kI jhalaka hai / 'kAvya-zAstra ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa dena hindI rItizAstra kI nahIM hai / kucha mahattvapUrNa dhAraNAoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza paramparA-pAlana hai, parantu kAvya-siddhAntoM ko dRSTi meM rakha kara lakSaNa dete hue yA binA lakSaNa ke jo hindI kAvya likhA gayA hai, vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / 'ina rIti-granthoM ke kartA bhAvuka, sahRdaya aura nipuNa kavi the| unakA uddezya kavitA karanA thA, na ki kAvyAMgoM kA zAstrIya paddhati para nirUpaNa karanA / ataH unake dvArA bar3A bhArI kArya yaha huA ki rasoM (vizeSataH zRMgAra rasa) aura alaMkAroM ke bahuta hI sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI udAharaNa pracura parimANa meM prastuta hue| aise sarasa aura manohara udAharaNa saMskRta ke sAre lakSaNagranthoM se cunakara ikaTThe kareM to bhI unakI itanI saMkhyA nahIM hogii| rItimukta yA svacchanda kAvya-dhArA vivecya yuga ke rItibaddha kAvya kA jitanA mUlya hai, usase bhI adhika mUlya rItimukta kAvya kA hai / rItibaddha kaviyoM ke lie kAvya kevala sAdhya thA, jabaki rItimukta kaviyoM ke lie vaha sAdhana tathA sAdhya donoM thaa|' svachanda dhArA ke kaviyoM meM kucha kavi prema-dazA kA apane DhaMga se nirUpaNa karane vAle the aura kucha kavi prema se pare jIvana ke nAnA kSetroM meM ramaNa karane vaale| rIti kI baddha paramparA ko tor3akara svataMtra vAyumaMDala meM vicaraNa kara kAvya meM jIvana aura jindAdilI bharane vAle ye hI sacce kavi the| kucha kavi madhyama mArga ke anusaraNakartA the| ye na rItibaddha the, na rItiviruddha / aise kaviyoM ko paM0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizra ne rItisiddha 1. DaoN0 bhagIratha mizra : hindI-rIti-sAhitya', pRSTha 22 / 2. AcArya rAmacandra zukla : hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 216 / " dekhie-paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra : rasakhAni granthAvalI, prstaavnaa|

Page #57
60 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kaviyoM kI saMjJA dI hai / ina kaviyoM ke kAvya meM bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa donoM kA sundara samanvaya dikhalAI detA hai / zrRMgArakAvya-dhArA zrRMgAra isa yuga kI vizeSa kAvya-dhArA hai aura zRMgArika pravRtti ke prAmukhya ke kAraNa katipaya vidvAn isa kAla ko zRMgArakAla kI saMjJA denA adhika upayukta samajhate haiM / aneka kavi evaM AcAryoM ne aneka zRMgAraparaka racanAe~ isa yuga ko dIM / rItigranthoM meM, muktaka aura prabandhoM meM, yahA~ taka ki bhakti meM bhI zRMgAra kA svara prabala ho uThA thA / isa samaya ke adhikAMza kavi darabArI the, ata: ve apane AzrayadAtAoM kI abhiruci kA dhyAna kyoM na rakhate ? yahI kAraNa thA ki ve manabahalAva aura hRdaya meM mAdhurya ke saMcAra ke lie vilAsa varNana ko kAvya kA eka Avazyaka upakaraNa mAna baiThe the / aura yaha zRMgAra bhI utkRSTa koTi kA zrRMgAra na thA / DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI likhate haiM- 'rItikAlIna kAvya yadyapi zrRMgAra pradhAna hai, para isa zrRMgAra rasa kI sAdhanA meM jIvana kI saMtulita dRSTi kA abhAva hai / yaha prema zurU se anta taka mahattvAkAMkSA se zUnya, sAmAjika maMgala ke manobhAva se prAyaH aspRSTa, piNDa nArI ke AkarSaka se hatatejA aura sthUla premavyaMjanA se parilakSita hai / " 1 eka bAta aura / isa kAla ke adhikatara kaviyoM ne zRMgAra kA rasarAjatva siddha karane kA prayAsa to kiyA, kintu ve usakI yuktiyukta sthApanA karane meM asaphala rahe / unakI sImita dRSTi zRMgAra ke bAhya svarUpa taka hI sImita rahI, usake antaratama meM vaha praveza na pA sakI / zrRMgArI kaviyoM ne apane pUrvavartI zRMgArI kaviyoM ke kAvya kI dhArA ko Age bar3hAne meM yoga to diyA, kintu usakA maMgalonmukha svarUpa prAyaH vilupta ho gayA / 1. dekhie - paM0 vizvanAthaprasAda mizra : bihArI, pRSTha 58 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 63 / 3. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI : hindI sAhitya, pRSTha 302 /

Page #58
yuga-mImAMsA bhaktikAvya-dhArA paramparA se prApta bhaktikAvya-dhArA isa yuga meM Akara tirohita nahIM ho gaI, vaha satata pravAhita hotI rahI,' yadyapi usakA rUpa kucha kSINa aura parivartita avazya ho gayA thaa| usameM vilAsa aura zrRMgAra kI jhalaka bhI dikhalAI dene lagI thii| usakA sAhityika saundarya bhI madhyakAla ke pUrvArddha ke samAna sadya aura ramya na thaa| phira bhI pracura parimANa meM aneka bhakta kaviyoM ne bhaktikAvya kI sRSTi kI thI / aneka dRSTiyoM se isa kAvya kA bhI vizada mahattva hai| rAdhA aura kRSNa, sItA aura rAma, pArvatI aura ziva kI bhakti se sambaddha aneka bhakti-racanAoM kA praNayana huA / bhakti-bhAva se prerita hokara aneka jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI muktaka aura prabandha donoM rUpoM meM vipula parimANa meM kAvya kA sRjana kiyaa| aneka bhaktoM-prahlAda, dhruva, bharatharI, narasI mehatA, zreNika Adi ko AdhAra mAnakara bhaktiparaka kAvya racA gayA / isa kAla ke sampUrNa bhaktikAvya ko dekhakara yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha vilAsa aura zRMgAra kI bhAvanA se gumphita hai, pratyuta usameM udAtta bhakti aura sahaja mAdhurya bhI chalakA par3atA hai / sAhityika pravRttiyoM kA janma maraNa jIva ke janma-maraNa kI taraha Akasmika nahIM hotA; kisI vizeSa dina, tithi athavA varSa ko bhI ve samApta nahIM ho jAtIM / hA~, unameM katipaya kAraNoM se pRthulatA athavA kSINatA dekhI jA sakatI hai / kSINatA se hI unake lopa kA bhrama hotA hai| bhakti kA jo unmeSa madhyakAla ke pUrvArddha meM huA thA, usakA prabhAva uttarArddha meM bhI ni:zeSa nahIM huA thaa| -DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI : hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pRSTha 56 / 2. vizeSa ke lie draSTavya (ka) DaoN0 premasAgara jaina : hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi / (kha) pro0 rAjakumAra sAhityAcArya : adhyAtma pdaavlii|

Page #59
62 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana nItikAvya-dhArA isa kAla meM bahuta se kaviyoM ne nItikAvya paramparA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA / muktakakAvya nIti racanA ke lie adhika upayukta bhI hotA hai / 'nItikAvya kI racanA karane vAle kaviyoM meM pramukha rUpa se giradhara kavirAya, alI muhibakhAM 'prItama', jayapura ke mahArAja pratApasiMha, sammana, rajiyA, mahArAja vizvanAthasiMha (rIvA nareza), dInadayAla giri Adi pramukha rUpa se Ate haiN|" kavi bihArI aura ThAkura kA prayAsa bhI isa dizA meM mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAyegA / unake kAvya meM nIti-sUkti evaM lokoktiyoM kA pracura prayoga milatA hai / tatkAlIna jaina kAvya meM bhI vidhi aura niSedhamUlaka nItiyoM kA bahulatA se prayoga huA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa kI nIti-kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa dena hai / isake atirikta rAmacandra bAlaka, paM0 manoharadAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa prabhRti kaviyoM ke nAma bhI ullekhanIya haiN| 'bhaiyA' kavi kI adhikAMza nItiyA~ dharma-viSayaka haiN| vIrakAvya-dhArA tatkAlIna mugala sAmrAjya ke viruddha aneka hindU rAjAoM, sikhoM aura marAThoM ne apanI svatantratA evaM akhaNDatA kI rakSA ke lie jo anavarata saMgharSa kiyA, usakA pratibimba kAvya meM bhI jhlkaa| aneka kaviyoM ne aneka mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM ke praNayana dvArA vIra rasa ko vANI dii| DiMgala aura piMgala donoM meM hI yatheSTa vIra-kAvya kA sRjana huaa| kavi jodharAja racita 'hammIrarAso', sUryamalla mizraNa racita 'vaMzabhAskara' aura 'vIrasatasaI' DiMgala kI adbhuta racanAeM haiN| piMgala ke vIra rasa ke kaviyoM meM bhUSaNa, sUdana aura lAla kavi amara haiM-ThIka vaise hI jaise unake kAvyoM ke nAyaka chatrapati zivAjI, jATa rAjA sUrajamala aura rAjA chatrasAla amara haiM / ina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM korI vIra-gAthAeM nahIM haiM; unameM vIra rasa. kA Ujvasita pravAha hai, dharatI se AsamAna ko chU dene vAlI aura prANahIna prANoM meM prANa phUkane vAlI vIra bhAvanAoM kA viniveza hai| 1. DaoN0 brajanArAyaNa siMha : kavi padmAkara aura unakA yuga, pRSTha 50 /

Page #60
yuga-mImAMsA anuvAda kisI bhI sAhityika paramparA ko jIvita rakhane ke lie sAhitya meM do vidhiyA~ prayoga meM lAyI jAtI haiN| pahalI vidhi prAcIna sAhitya se preraNA grahaNa karatI huI nayI paristhitiyoM ke bIca vikasita aura puSTa hotI hai tathA dUsarI praNAlI meM sAhitya ke prAcIna svarUpa ko tatkAlIna samAja se paricita karAne ke lie anuvAda kI prathA kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai|' anuvAda sAdhAraNa evaM asAdhAraNa donoM prakAra kI pratibhAoM ke upayoga kI vastu hai / saphala anuvAdaka prAcIna sAhitya kI bahumUlya sAhityika sampatti ko yugAnurUpa bhASA meM saMjotA hai aura usakI upAdeyatA ko asaMdigdha banA detA hai| aneka anuvAdakoM kA kArya maulika pratibhAoM ke samAna hI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| AlocyayugIna kAvya anuvAda ke kSetra meM vizeSataH saMskRta sAhitya kA, parantu alpa mAtrA meM prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya kA bhI RNI hai|' mahAkavi kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha, zrIharSa, hAla, vidura, zukra Adi kaviyoM ne isa yuga ke anuvAda kAvya ko pracura sAmagrI pradAna kI hai| isa yuga meM jaina kavi anuvAdakoM kI eka lambI sUcI hai / unhoMne 'padmapurANa', 'harivaMza purANa', 'mahApurANa' prabhRti kAvyoM ke atirikta prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke kAvyoM se anUdita racanAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| saMkSepataH isa samaya pUrvavartI racanAoM kA pUrNAnuvAda bhI huA aura khaNDAnuvAda bhI / isa anuvAda kArya dvArA bhUtakAla ke garbha meM AvRta 1. DaoN0 bajanArAyaNa siMha : kavi padmAkara aura unakA yuga, pRSTha 81 / DaoN0 ambAprasAda 'sumana' : 'hindI sAhitya meM rItikAvya kA prArambha aura paramparA' lekha zIrSaka, sAhitya-saMdeza kA rItikAvyAlocana vizeSAMka, pRSTha 20 /

Page #61
64 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ananta bhAva-rAzi hindI meM utarakara prakAza meM AI, jisase isa bhASA ke gaurava meM vRddhi huii| niSkarSa isa prakAra samagra yuga para dRSTipAta karane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki yaha kAla prAyaH uthala-puthala, azAnti aura arAjakatA kA kAla thA / janajIvana saMkaTagrasta thA / jana-sAmAnya kI sukha-suvidhA china gaI thii| madhyamavarga bhI caina kI sA~sa nahIM le rahA thaa| zAsaka varga alasa nidrA meM aMgar3AI le rahA thaa| dharma kA svarUpa parivartita ho calA thaa| __ AlocyakAla kI kaThoratA meM bhI kalA aura sAhitya kA sRjana hotA rahA / adhikAMza kalAkAra rAjyAzrita the, ata: unakA hRdaya rASTrIyatA athavA samAjotthAna kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta na thaa| jo kavi sarvathA bandhanamukta the, unakA sAhitya adhika utkRSTa bana par3A hai| unake kAvya meM jIvana ke prati udAtta dRSTikoNa kA viniveza hai| isa yuga meM muktakoM kA kSetra vistRta rahA, prabandhoM kA sImita / jahA~ taka upAdeyatA kA prazna hai, vaha donoM kI samAna hai|

Page #62
adhyAya 2 paricaya aura vargIkaraNa

Page #63
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa (ka) paricaya AlocyakAla meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita maulika prabandhakAvyoM ke sAtha-sAtha anUdita prabandhakAvya bhI upalabdha hote haiM / isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne maulika kRtiyoM ke praNayana kI ora jitanA dhyAna diyA hai utanA yA usase kucha kama hI anUdita kRtiyoM ke praNayana kI ora bhii| yahA~ yaha ullekhya hai ki isa kAla kI maulika racanAoM meM mahAkAvya aura ekArthakAvyoM kI apekSA khaNDakAvyoM kA adhika saMkhyA meM praNayana huA hai aura anUdita prabandhakAvyoM meM khaNDakAvyoM kI apekSA mahAkAvya evaM ekArthakAvyoM kA / maulika kRtiyoM meM jahA~ purANa, carita, rAsa, kathA, veli, maMgala, byAha, candrikA, caupaI, kavitta, chanda-saMkhyA (zataaSTottarI, battIsI, paccIsI) Adi aneka nAmAnta kAvya milate haiM vahAM anUdita kRtiyoM meM purANa, carita, caupaI, kathA Adi nAmAnta kAvya hI adhika milate haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sarvAdhika mahattva to maulika racanAoM kA hI hai kyoMki ve hI kAvya ke antaraMga evaM bahiraMga, donoM pakSoM ke mUlyAMkana kA avasara detI haiM; kintu anUdita racanAe~ bhI isaliye upekSaNIya nahIM haiM kyoMki bhASA-zailI ke kSetra meM unakA bhI yathocita yogadAna hai / astu, maulika prabandhakAvya (aThArahavIM zatAbdI) unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI apekSA aThArahavIM zatAbdI adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM ke sRjana kI dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / adhikAMza maulika pratibhAoM ne isI zatI meM janma liyaa| 'pArzvapurANa' mahAkAvya ke racayitA

Page #64
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 67 bhUdharadAsa, 'nemIzvara rAsa' ke racayitA nemicandra, 'sItA carita' ke praNetA rAmacandra 'bAlaka' tathA aneka zreSTha khaNDakAvyoM ko rUpAyita karane vAle vinodIlAla, bhArAmalla, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, AsakaraNa, ajayarAja pATanI Adi kaviyoM ko janma dene kA zreya isI zatAbdI ko hai| isa samaya ke pramukha prabandhakAvyoM kA paricaya draSTavya hai : sItA carita yaha kavi rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kI eka utkRSTa prabandhakRti hai| isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1713 meM huii| apanI katipaya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa yaha mahAkAvya kI samatA kA kAvya hai / isameM 3600 padya haiN| racanA sargabaddha na hote hue bhI sargabaddha racanAoM se zreSTha hai / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa aura tulasIkRta rAmacaritamAnasa kI tulanA meM isakA kathAnaka aneka prasaMgoM aura vistAroM meM navInatA liye hue hai| prastuta prabandhakAvya meM satI sItA kA bahumukhI cAritrika vikAsa dikhAnA aura usake satItva kI garimA para prakAza DAlanA hI kavi kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai / anya pAtroM ke caritra meM bhI una udAtta guNoM kA samanvaya milatA hai, jinase unake caritra kI mahattA prakaTa hotI hai| saMkSepa meM mAnava-manobhAvoM kA aisA hRdayasparzI vizleSaNa, vastu-vyApAra varNanoM kA aisA manohArya, karuNa, vIra aura zAnta rasa kA aisA unmeSa tathA bhASA-zailI kI aisI sazaktatA bahuta kama kRtiyoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| zreSTha prabandhakAvyoM kI zreNI meM 'sItA carita' kAvya apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| .. digambara jaina mandira, vAsana daravAjA, bharatapura (rAjasthAna) se prApta hastalikhita prti| 2. saMvata sataraha terosare, magasira grantha samApati kare / -sItA carita, antima pRSTha /

Page #65
68 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana yazodhara carita caupaI ' prastuta caupaIbandha kAvya kI racanA sAha lohaTa ne vikrama saMvat 1721 meM kI / racanA sundara aura sarasa hai / isameM kavi kA uddezya rAjA yazodhara ke caritra ke mAdhyama se jana-hRdaya para 'jIva - dayA' kI bhAvanA ko pragAr3ha karanA rahA hai : maiM matisAru varNana kIyau / carita yazodhara paricaya dIyau // sugama paMtha laSi lAgo vATa / kInI sarasa caupaI thATa || bhavijana kathA sunau de kAna / tA prasAdi pAvai sura thAna // jIva dayA upajai adhikAra / so saMsAra utAre pAra // kacora kI kathA isakA apara nAma dhanadatta seTha kI kathA hai / kavi nathamala ne isakI racanA cAkasU nagara meM vikrama saMvat 1725 meM kI / " isameM dhanadatta seTha ke caritrAMkana ke sAtha hI ba~kacora (nAmI cora) ke hRdaya parivartana para bar3I marmasparzitA se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isakA uddezya sarasa kathA ke mAdhyama se caritragata aneka bhUmiyoM ko nidarzita karanA hai / kavi ne analaMkArika sahaja bhASA aura sarala zailI meM bhAvoM ko abhivyakta kiyA hai / bhASA rAjasthAnI se prabhAvita hai / usameM prAntIya zabdoM kA viniveza hai / " Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati / 2. yazodhara carita caupaI, pRSTha 131 / 4. 3. aar (jayapura jile kA eka prAcIna kasbA, jo 'jayapura-1 para sthita hai) ke AdinAtha maMdira se prApta hastalikhita prati / jayapura jile kA eka kasbA / 4. kacora kI kathA, padya 260, pRSTha 33 // ra-dillI relave lAina

Page #66
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa AdinAtha veli' prastuta veli ke racanAkAra maMDalAcArya bhaTTAraka dharmacandra haiM / isakI racanA mahArauThapura (jodhapura-rAjasthAna) meM vikrama saMvat 1730 meM huii| isa kAvya meM jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva (AdinAtha) ke jIvana se sambaddha prasaMgoM (paMca kalyANaka utsavoM)3 kA udghATana bar3I sarasatA se huA hai| __ kAvya kI bhASA mUlataH sarasa brajabhASA hai| yatra-tatra rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai| isameM dohA aura sakhI chanda kA prayoga huA hai / kalA-pakSa kI dRSTi se racanA sAmAnya hai / ratnapAla rAso kavi suracanda viracita 'ratnapAla rAso' kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1732 meM vardhanapura (varddhamAna nagara) meM huii| yaha rAsa-paramparA kI acchI kRti hai / isameM 3 khaNDa, 35 DhAla aura 1003 padya haiN| prathama khaNDa meM DhAloM kI saMkhyA 12, dvitIya meM 15 aura tRtIya meM 8 hai / 1. isakI hastalikhita prati digambara jaina maMdira (caudhariyoM kA) mAlapurA (rAjasthAna) ke guTakA naM0 50 meM surakSita hai| prati ke Arambha ke do patra anupalabdha haiN| 2. saMvata satarA saitIsa / mAsa asAr3ha navamI se / maharauThapura maMjhArI / AdinAtha bhaviyaNa taarii|| -AdinAtha veli, antima pRSTha / 3. pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke paMca kalyANaka utsava-garbha, janma, tapa, kevala jJAna ___ aura mokSa ke avasaroM para indrAdi devoM dvArA manAye jAte haiN| 4. jaina sAhitya zodha-saMsthAna, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati / 5. saMvata satara vatrisA varSa, zubha muhUrata zubha vAra re| Aso sudI gyArasa ravi dina, vardhanapura majhAra re // -ratnapAla rAso, padya 7, DhAla 8, khaNDa 3, pRSTha 63 /

Page #67
70 70 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isameM kavi kA lakSya dAna kI mahimA ko pratipAdita karanA rahA hai| kathA kI akhaNDa dhArA ke madhya pAtroM kA zIla-nirUpaNa paTutA se kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne rasAtmaka sthaloM ko pahacAnA hai| unameM anubhUti kI tIvratA aura bhAva kI aneka bhUmiyoM kA sphuraNa hai| kAvya meM prayukta pratyeka DhAla meM saMgItAtmakatA hai| rAgoM meM kedAra, mArU, basaMta, bhUpAla, AsAvarI, soraTha Adi kA prayoga haA hai| isameM adhikAMza sthaloM para Teka zailI kA prayoga bhI dikhAyI detA hai / bhASA meM brajabhASA kA mAdhurya aura saukumArya vidyamAna hai; parantu usameM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kA bhI paryApta puTa hai|' zreNika carita 'zreNika carita' kavi lakSmIdAsa kI DhAla-baddha racanA hai, jo cauvana DhAloM meM pUrNa hai / isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1733 meM huii| yaha eka caritra-pradhAna prabandhakAvya hai, jisameM rAjA zreNika ke caritra kI jhAMkI hai / rAjA zreNika tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI samavazaraNa sabhA ke pradhAna zrotA the, isalie jaina sAhitya meM unakI pAtratA vizeSa gaurava kI vastu mAnI jAtI hai / pratyeka DhAla kI racanA kisI rAga vizeSa ko lekara kI gaI hai / mUlataH 1. ratnapAla rAso, padya 14, DhAla 10, khaNDa 1, pRSTha 17 / 2. Amera zAstrabhaNDAra, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati / 3. (ka) ina DhAloM meM saMgIta ke rAgoM kA mAdhurya saMcarita hai aura ye gIti tattvoM se otaprota haiN| (kha) DhAloM meM prabandhakAvya kI racanA vizeSa gaurava kI bAta hai aura isa gaurava kA vahI kavi bhAgI hotA hai, jo saMgIta ke vividha pari pAzvoM se avagata hai| * saMvata satarAse upari tetIsa jeTha supASa / paMcamI tA dina pUrNa lahi maMgalakArI bhASa // -vahI, padya 1700, pRSTha 114 / K

Page #68
71 paricaya aura vargIkaraNa yaha eka geya kAvya hai, jisameM saMgIta kI vyApaka bhUmikA prastuta hai / kAvya kI bhASA brajabhASA hai, jisameM sthala-sthala para rAjasthAnI kA puTa bhI dikhalAyI par3atA hai| cetana karma caritra yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA 266 padyoM kA eka rUpakAtmaka prabandhakAvya hai| isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1736 meM huii| isameM cetana aura karma jaise amUrta tattvoM kA mUrtIkaraNa kara unakA vizada caritrAMkana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya se yaha dhvanita hai ki jaba taka cetana (AtmA) para karmoM kA AvaraNa rahatA hai, taba taka vaha sAMsArika mAyA-jAla se vimukta nahIM ho sakatA / Atma-svAtaMtrya kA abhilASI cetana karma vargaNAoM ko jIta lene para hI mokSapada para AsIna ho sakatA hai|' isa rUpaka kAvya meM AtmA ke zreya aura preya para vizeSa kauzala se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / kalpanAyukta kAvyAtmaka varNanoM ke saMyoga se kAvya meM ramaNIyatA ubhara uThI hai| yaha zAnta rasa paryavasAyI vIra rasAtmaka kAvya hai / sahaja alakAra, ukti-camatkAra aura sarasa saMvAdoM kI dRSTi se kRti sundara hai| yaha mUlata: dohA-caupaI chanda meM racita hai| kucha sthaloM para soraThA, paddharI, besarI, karikhA, marahaThA Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| isameM 1. 'brahmavilAsa' meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI choTI-bar3I 67 racanAoM kA saMgraha hai / usI meM 'cetana karma caritra' (pRSTha 55 se 84 taka) saMgRhIta hai / 2. cetana karma caritra, padya 266, pRSTha 84 / 3. jJAna daraza cArita bhaMDAra / tU zivanAyaka tU ziva sAra / tU saba karma jIta ziva hoya / terI mahimA barane koya // -cetana karma caritra, padya 261, pRSTha 84 /

Page #69
72 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana brajabhASA khar3I bolI se sampuTita rahI hai| aneka sthaloM para dArzanika pakSa kI prabalatA ke kAraNa bhASA prAyaH duruha ho gaI hai| madhu binduka caupaI isa kAvya kA praNayana bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne vikrama saMvat 1740 meM kiyaa| AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvyoM kI paramparA meM isakA ucita sthAna hai| isameM viSayAsakta jIva ko ananta kaSToM meM gujarate hue rUpa meM nirUpita karate hue viSayAdi se vimukti kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai| prabandha kI kathA atyanta sarasa aura prasAdaguNa-sampanna hai| yuktiyoM meM caTulatA aura abhivyakti meM prabhaviSNutA hai / kutUhala ko nirantara agrasara hone kA avasara diyA hai| pAThaka anta meM hI kutUhala kI sthiti se mukta hotA hai| kAvya kI bhASA subodha aura sarala hai / vaha dohA-caupaI chanda meM likhA gayA manorama kAvya hai / neminAtha maMgala yaha eka bhAvAtmaka prabandhakAvya hai, jisakI racanA kavi vinodIlAla 1. taba jIva kahai suniye sujJAna / tuma lAyaka nahIM yaha sayAna // vaha mithyApura ko hai nareza / jihaM ghere apane sakala deza / / -cetana karma caritra, padya 666, pRSTha 62 / 2. brahmavilAsa meM (pRSTha 135-140) saMkalita / 3. madhu binduka caupaI, padya 56, pRSTha 140 / 1. viSaya sukhana ke magana soM, ye dukha hohiM apAra / tAteM viSaya vihaMDiye, mana vaca krama niradhAra / / -madhu binduka caupaI, padya 56, pRSTha 140 / 5. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI (graMthAMka 1868, 1226) se prApta hastalikhita prati /

Page #70
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 73 ne vikrama saMvat 1742 meM kii| isameM kavi ne rAjakumAra neminAtha ke vivAha kA sarvAMga, kintu saMkSipta citra prastuta karate hue anta meM tyAgavirAgamUlaka bhAvoM ko abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| rAjakumAra neminAtha hI Age calakara apane tyAga, tapa ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara kI siddhi se vibhUSita hote haiM / prastuta khaNDakAvya nau DhAloM meM pUrNa huA hai / vaha geya zailI meM racita hai / bhAvoM meM bhInApana hai aura bhASA meM lAlitya aura mAdhurya / usameM prayukta eka-eka zabda ratna kI bhA~ti suzobhita hai| nemi-rAjamatI bArahamAsa savaiyA Alocya kaviyoM dvArA viracita sabhI bArahamAsA kAvya prabandhakAvya nahIM haiM / kevala eka-do aise bArahamAsoM ko jinameM kathA kA bindu pravAhita hotA huA anta meM mahoddezya meM pariNata ho gayA hai, bhAva-prabandha ke antargata rakha liyA hai| . yaha kRti jinaharSa kI hai / isa para racanAkAla aMkita nahIM hai / anta: sAkSya ke AdhAra para yaha aThArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha kI kRti hai, kyoMki yahI kavi kI sAhitya-sAdhanA kA samaya hai|" 1. arI yaha saMvata sunahu rasAlA hA~ / arI satraha se adhika bayAlA hA~ // -neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 5 / __ arI saba ghore sarasa banAye haaN| arI phUlana kI pASari jhArI haaN|| . arI maSamala ke jIna banAye haaN| arI kundana so jarita jarAye hA~ / / kundana so jarita jarAi rASe hemanAla mar3hAIyA / Ana dvAre kare ThAr3he namakuMmara car3hAIyA / / -neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / yaha sAdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insaTITyUTa, bIkAnera dvArA prakAzita 'jinaharSa granthAvalI' meM saMgRhIta hai| dekhie-DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4, pRSTha 85 tathA 111 /

Page #71
74 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana yaha virahakAvya hai / isameM rAjakumArI rAjula kI viyogajanya sthiti kA mArmika citraNa pAThakoM ko rasa-vibhora kiye binA nahIM rhtaa| viyoginI bAlA gajula kA viraha aneka dhArAoM meM bahakara antataH saMsAratyAga-dIkSA meM paryavasita ho jAtA hai| vaha 'saMyamanAtha' se pANigrahaNa kara, rAga-dveSAdi ko jItakara apane pati ke sAtha zivapura meM jA basatI hai / yaha geya prabandha Adyanta savaiyA chanda meM racita hai| lalita bhASA meM komala bhAvoM kI abhivyakti evaM nAda-saundarya kI dRSTi se yaha kRti anupameya hai|' nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA yaha kavi vinodIlAla kI bhAva-pradhAna kRti hai| isa para racanAkAla aMkita nahIM hai / kavi kI anya racanAoM ke AdhAra para (jinameM hamAre katipaya Alocya kAvya bhI haiM) isakA racanAkAla 18vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha pratIta hotA hai| ' isa kAvya ke prANa haiM saMvAda / inhIM saMvAdoM ke madhya kathA jAhnavI kI pavitra dhArA ke samAna pravAhita huI hai| saMvAdoM meM kathA kI taratamatA hai| 1. nemi-rAjamatI bArahamAsa savaiyA, chanda 13, pRSTha 213 / phAguna meM sakhi phAga rameM, ... saba kAmini kanta basanta suhAyo / lAla gulAla abIre ur3Avata, , tela phulela caMpela lagAyo / caMga mRdaMga upaMga bajAvata, gIta dhamAla rasAla suNAyo / hU~ to 'jasA' nahiM khelUgI phAga, vairAgI ajyU mero nAha na Ayo // -nemi rAjamatI bArahamAsA savaiyA, chanda 8, pRSTha 212 / 1. jaina mandira kumhera, jilA bharatapura (rAjasthAna) se prApta hastalikhita prati /

Page #72
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 75 rAjakumAra neminAtha vivAha kI bhAmara par3ane se pUrva hI vairAgya kA saMkalpa le cuke haiM aura ajeya senAnI kI bhA~ti anta taka tapasyA-patha para aDiga rahate haiM / anAzrita rAjula kA hRdaya virahoccha vAsoM se phaTane lagatA hai, parantu vaha viveka ko nahIM khotI hai| usakA viraha pade-pade priyatama kI kalyANa-kAmanA meM tirohita hotA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai / vaha apane priya ke sukha meM sukhI rahane vAlI bhAratIya nArI ke uccAdarza ko pratiphalita karatI hai| racanA layabaddha aura nAdayukta hai / zabdoM ke yuktiyukta prayoga se bhASA kI vyaMjanA-zakti amogha hai| zailI meM hRdaya ko dravIbhUta karane kI kSamatA hai| zata aSTottarI yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA eka sau ATha chandoM kA kavitta-bandha kAvya hai / isameM racanAkAla nahIM diyA huA hai, kintu kavi kI anya racanAoM ke AdhAra para ise aThArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha kI kRti mAnanA ucita hai| isakI kathA meM gumphana kA abhAva hai| kavi ne cetana, subuddhi aura 1. dharma kI bAta to sAMcI hai nAtha, pai jeTha meM kaise dharma rahaigo / lUha cala saravAna kamAna jyoM, ghAma para gira meru bahaigo / pakSI pataMga sabai Dara haiM, apane ghara ko saba koI cahaigo / bhUSa tRSA ati deha dahai taba, aisau mahAvrata kyoM nibhaigo|| -mi-rAjula bArahamAsA, chanda 24 / 2. piyA sAvana meM vrata lIjai nahIM, ghana ghora ghaTA jura AvaMgI / cahu~ ora teM mora ju zora kareM, vana kokila kuhaka sunAvaigI // piya raina aMdherI meM sUjhe nahIM, kachu dAmina damaka DarAvegI / puravAI ke jhauMke sahoge nahIM, dina meM tapateja chur3AvaigI // -nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA, chanda 4 // 3. 'brahmavilAsa' meM (pRSTha 8 se 32 taka) saMgRhIta /

Page #73
76 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kubuddhi jaise pAtroM ke mAdhyama se prabandha kA rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / kathAnaka meM zithilatA kA doSa dikhAyI detA hai / kAvya kA mukhya uddezya subuddhi dvArA cetana ko apane mUla svarUpa ko pahacAnane kA saMdeza denA hai / ' yahA~ nArI puruSa kI patha-pradarzikA hai aura usameM usakI bhUmikA sabase mahattvapUrNa hai / 'zata aSTottarI' kI bhASA alaMkAramayI praur3ha brajabhASA hai / usake madhya meM kevala do-cAra chandoM meM phArasI arabI ke zabdoM ke bahula prayoga ke sAtha khar3I bolI kA rUpa saMvArA gayA hai / samagra kAvya kI bhASA kA lAlitya evaM mAdhurya apanI samatA nahIM rakhatA / varNika aura mAtrika, donoM prakAra ke kavittoM kA pUre kAvya meM atyanta saphala prayoga huA hai / 1. 2. suno jo sayAne nAhu dekho naiku ToTA lAhu, kauna vivasAhu jAhi aiseM lIjiyatu hai / daza dyosa virSa sukha tAko kaho keto dukha, parikeM narakamukha koloM sIjiyatu hai || to kAla bIta gayo ajahU na chora layo, kahU tohi kahA bhayo aise rIjhiyatu hai / Apu hI vicAra dekho kahive ko kauna lekho, Avata parekho tAteM kahyo kIjiyatu hai || -zata aSTottarI, padya 16, pRSTha 11 / nAhaka virAne tAMI apanA kara mAnatA hai, jAnatA tU hai ki nAhI anta mujhe maranA hai | keteka jIvana para aise phaila karatA hai, terA pUrA paranA hai // sAtha lage, tino ko pharaka kiye kAma terA saranA hai / supane se sukha meM paMja se ganIma terI umara ke pAka ve aiba sAhiba dila bIca basatA hai, tisako pahicAna be tujhe jo taranA hai // -zata aSTottarI, padya 61, pRSTha 22 /

Page #74
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 77 nemi-byAha yaha kavi vinodIlAla dvArA viracita 18vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha kI racanA hai| unhoMne nemi-rAjula ke kathAnaka ko AdhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kara kaI khaNDakAvyoM kI sarjanA kI hai| neminAtha ke caritra meM unake vivAha kI ghaTanA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa evaM mArmika hai / isI ghaTanA ke AdhAra para prastuta kRti kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai / bArAta kI dAvata ke lie vadha kie jAne vAle pazuoM kA ArtanAda nemIzvara ke jIvana ke pravAha ko yakAyaka mor3a de detA hai / unakA vaivAhika zRMgAra virAga aura tapazcaryA meM badala jAtA hai / rAjakumArI rAjula bhI apane pati ke patha kI pathikA bana jAtI hai / yaha eka bhAvAtmaka kAvya hai, jisakI bhAva-rasa yojanA ramaNIya hai / bhASA komala, kalita aura prasAda guNa sampanna hai / zailI meM nirAlApana hai| paMcendriya saMvAda yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta samvAdAtmaka khaNDakAvya hai| isakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1751 hai|' 1. paMcAyatI jaina mandira, kumhera, jilA-bharatapura (rAjasthAna) se prApta hasta likhita prati / 2. nema udAsa bhaye jaba se kara jor3a ke siddha ko nAma liyo hai / ambarabhUSaNa DAra diye sira maura utAra ke DAra diyo hai / rUpa dharo muni kA jabahI tabahI car3hi ke girinAri gayo hai| 'lAla vinodI' ke sAhiba ne tahA~ paMca mahAvrata yoga layo hai // -mi-byAha, pRSTha 3 / 3. brahmavilAsa meM (pRSTha 238 se 252 taka) saMgRhIta / 4. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 150, pRSTha 252 /

Page #75
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isameM nAka, kAna, A~kha, jIbha Adi ke mAnavIkaraNa meM kavi ko bar3I saphalatA milI hai / kAvya meM AdyaMta paMcendriyoM kI prazaMsA aura bhartsanA kA svara prabala hai / anta meM paMcendriyoM ke saradAra 'mana' ko paramAtmatattva kI upalabdhi kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai / 78 kAvya meM dohA, soraThA, ghattA aura katipaya DhAloM kA prayoga huA hai / DhAloM kI sarasatA spRhaNIya hai / " rAjula paccIsI' AlocyakAla meM chanda - saMkhyA ke AdhAra para aneka 'saMkhyA nAmAnta' prabandhakAvyoM kI racanA huI hai / 'rAjula paccIsI' bhI isI prakAra kI kAvyakRti hai, jo paccIsa chandoM meM pUrNa hai / isakI racanA kavi vinodIlAla ne mAgha sudI 2, guruvAra, vikrama saMvat 1753 meM sAhijAdapura meM kI, jabaki dillI ke siMhAsana para samrAT auraMgajeba AsIna thA / 'rAjula paccIsI' kavivara kA eka zreSTha aura sarasa khaNDakAvya hai / 1. (DhAla - 're jiyA to bina ghar3I re cha mAsa' e dezI / Teka - yatIzvara jIbha bar3I saMsAra, japai paMca navakAra / ) durajana teM sajjana kareM jI, bolata mIThe bola / aisI kalA na ora pe jI, kauna A~kha kiha tola || yatIzvara0 // jIbhahi teM saba jItiye jI, jIbhahi teM saba hAra / jIbhahi teM saba jIva ke jI, kIjatu haiM upakAra || yatIzvara0 // - paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 74, 75, pRSTha 245 / 2. prApti - sthAna - badrIprasAda jaina pustakAlaya, banArasa siTI / 3. suna bhavijana ho, samvat satraha se para trepaNa jAniye / suna bhavijana ho, mAgha sudI tithi dauja vAra guru jAniye // guruvAra ko sahajAdapura meM racI sukha samAja meM | zAha noraMgajeba AlamagIra tAke rAja meM // - rAjula paccIsI, pRSTha 13, chanda 25 /

Page #76
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa usameM neminAtha kI dharmapriyA rAjula ko nAyakatva pradAna kara nArI caritra kA utkarSa abhivyaMjita hai / sukumArI rAjula apane pati kI cirasaMginI banakara pArvatya pradeza meM kaThora tapazcaryA meM lIna rahatI huI apanA sArA jIvana bitA detI hai / usakA laukika vivAha alaukika vivAha meM badalakara bhautika sukha-tyAga kI parAkASThA ko vyakta karatA hai / 76 sampUrNa kAvya geya zailI meM racita hai / usameM bhAvAnubhUtiyoM kI tIvratA aura saghanatA, zailI kI sarasatA aura gambhIratA tathA saMvAdoM kI bhavyatA aura mohakatA atha se iti taka vidyamAna hai / vastutaH yaha kAvya kalevara kI laghutA meM bhI nirAlA hai / sUA battIsI' yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa racita (vikrama saMvat 1753) 2 eka choTA-sA khaNDakAvya hai / yaha AdhyAtmika rUpaka hai, jisameM AtmA ko sUA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / kAvya se spaSTa hai ki saMsAra meM ziSya ke lie guru hI prakAzastaMbha hai / guru pradatta maMtropadeza ke pratikUla AcaraNa karane para mAnava agaNita kaSTa sahatA hai aura phira guru-saMdeza ke punasmaraNa se vaha bar3I durgati se baca sakatA hai / prastuta kAvya dohA-caupaI chanda meM racA gayA hai / bhASA meM sahaja pravAha hai / usameM prAMjalatA aura sukumAratA kA pracura viniveza hai / nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa kRta) yaha kavi AsakaraNa kRta eka sundara kRti hai / usa para racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1761 aMkita hai / 1. brahmavilAsa meM (pRSTha 267 se 270 ) saMgRhIta / 2. sUA battIsI, padya 34, pRSTha 270 // *. kAzI nivAsI badrIprasAda jaina ne IsvI san 1906 meM candraprabhA presa meM chapavAyA / prApti-sthAna - badrIprasAda jaina pustakAlaya, banArasa siTI / 4. nemicandrikA, pRSTha 32 /

Page #77
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana prastuta kAvya meM neminAtha aura rAjula kA zIlAMkana bar3I sundaratA se huA hai| rAjula ke caritra meM mAnasika ghAta-pratighAtoM kA vyaMjaka pradazana hai| priya-patha meM calate-calate usakA hRdaya karuNA se bhIga gayA hai|' 'nemicandrikA' kA kathAtmaka saMghaTana evaM zilpa-saundarya bar3A bhavya bana par3A hai / sampUrNa kAvya rasAtmaka sthaloM se paripUrNa hai / usakI bhAvAtmakatA mugdhakArI hai| ___kAvya meM gIti-tattvoM kI pracuratA hai / usameM katipaya DhAloM ke atirikta dohA, caupaI, chappaya, savaiyA, gItA. gItikA Adi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| nemIzvara rAsa AlocyakAla meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita 'rAsa-rAso' nAmAnta aneka racanAe~ milatI haiN| unameM adhikAMza rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA meM likhI gaI haiM aura thor3I brajabhASA meM bhI / unameM sabase bar3I vizeSatA jo upalabdha hotI hai, vaha hai unakI geytaa| ve prAya: DhAloM aura deziyoM meM racita haiN| kavi nemicanda kRta 'nemIzvara rAsa' rAsa-paramparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa prabandhakAvya hai| yadyapi prastuta kRti ke atirikta kRtikAra kI anya kRtiyoM ke bAre meM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI, kintu yahI eka aisI racanA hai " e uThi cAlI hai rAjakumAri, piyA patha gahi liyo ho| e jI eka dharma sahAya, to sAhasa kari hiyo ho / calI jAta mAraga meM soya, paMtha akelI milo na koya / piyA piyA tahAM karati vilApa, kahA kaMtha maiM kIno pApa // kAhe kaMtha dukha moko diyo, kaune mero sukha hari liyo / jana nahiM pAvahi uttara dehi, dIragha svAMsa usvAMsa ju lehi // -nemicandrikA, pRSTha 26-30 / 2. jaina sAhitya zodha-saMsthAna, mahAvIra bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati /

Page #78
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 81 jisane kavi ko prabhUta gaurava pradAna kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne eka aise caritanAyaka ko apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai, jisakA jIvana aneka vizeSatAoM aura mahAnatAoM se yukta hai / vastuta: neminAtha ke jIvana kI pratyeka ghaTanA pratyeka sahRdaya kavi ko kAvya-sarjana ke lie prerita aura AkarSita karatI hai| ____ isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1766 meM huii| yaha 36 adhikAroM meM pUrNa hai / isameM 21 adhikAroM meM harivaMza kI utpatti kA varNana hai aura zeSa adhikAroM meM neminAtha ke janma se lekara nirvANa taka kI ghaTanAeM nibaddha haiN| ___ isameM Arambha se anta taka adhikAMza paMktiyoM ke antima caraNa kA antima akSara 'to' hai aura pratyeka do paMktiyoM ke uparAnta prAyaH 'rAsa bhaNauM zrI nemiko' kI bhAvabhInI Teka (AvRti) hai| isase samagra kAvya kI geyatA pramANita hotI hai| bhAvAbhivyakti meM sarasatA aura prabhaviSNutA hai| zailI abhinava aura bhASA DhUDhArI prabhAvita brajabhASA hai| racanA ucca sAhityika stara kI hai| yaha kavi kI sUkSma antardRSTi evaM maulika cintanA zakti kI paricAyikA hai| yazodhara carita paM0 lakSmIdAsa ne 'jIva dayA" kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara prastuta prabandhakAvya kI racanA saMvat 1781 meM kii| 1. satarAse guNattarai sudi Asoja dasa ravi jANi tau| -nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1301, pRSTha 76 / 2. dUdha calyo jaba AMcalA, jANi kaThora kalasa apAra tau|| AnaMda ke A~sU jhare, Apasa meM pUche saba sAra tau // rAsa bhaNauM0 // -nemIzvara rAsa, padya 178, pRSTha 12 / 3. isakI hastalikhita prati jaina sAhitya zodha-saMsthAna, jayapura ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| 4. jIva dayA ke kAraNe caritra su kInha / -yazodhara carita, padya 863 / saMvat satarA sai bhale, aru Upara ikyAsI / -yazodhara carita, prazasti, padya 863 /

Page #79
22 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana yaha kAvya chaH sandhiyoM meM pUrNa hai / pratyeka sandhi ke anta meM do-cAra paMktiyoM meM sandhi-mAra diyA gayA hai / isameM prasaMgAnusAra yatheSTa vastu-varNanoM kA vidhAna hai| yahAM rAjA yazodhara kA aneka janmoM kA caritra varNita hai| isameM pApa-puNya, hiMsA-ahiMsA tathA vaira-prIti Adi ke pariNAmoM para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha kRti mukhyataH dohA-caupaI zailI meM racita hai / soraThA, aDilla, savaiyA Adi chandoM ke alAvA kucha saMgItAtmaka DhAloM kA prayoga bhI yathAvasara huA hai| bhASA mUlataH brajabhASA hai| usa para yatra-tatra rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva bhI lakSita hotA hai| pArzvapurANa 'pArzvapurANa' aThArahavIM zatI kA mahAkAvya hai| isakI racanA kavi bhUdharadAsa ne vikrama saMvat 1786 meM kii| isakA kathAnaka rocaka aura marmasparzI hai / isameM pArzvanAtha (janoM ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara) kA sAMgopAMga caritra citrita huA hai / isameM krodha para akrodha, vaira para kSamA aura hiMsA para ahiMsA kI vijaya dikhAyI gayI hai| yaha grantha nau adhikAroM meM pUrNa huA hai| pratyeka ke Arambha meM tIrthaMkara pArzva kI stuti kA vidhAna hai| yaha racanA bhakti-prasUta hai / paMcakalyANakoM ke avasara para indrAdi devatAoM dvArA bhI tIrthaMkara kI stuti karAI gaI hai / 1. jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, giragAMva, bambaI dvArA vikrama saMvat 1975 meM prakAzita / saMvata sataraha se samaya, aura navAsI lIya / sudi aSAr3ha tithi paMcamI, grantha samApata kIya // 33 // -pAzryapurANa, pRSTha 176 /

Page #80
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 3 isakA pramukha rasa zAnta hai / anya rasoM ke sAmaMjasya ne kRti ko sAhityikatA pradAna karane meM sahayoga diyA hai| vividha vastu-varNanoM kI dRSTi se racanA bar3I acchI bana par3I hai / isameM jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA sanniveza hai / isakI zailI pratyeka rasa ke sAtha badalatI dikhAyI detI hai| isameM tInoM guNoM ke sAtha aneka sUktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM kA vipulatA se prayoga huA hai / bhASA-zailI kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa kRti meM chandoM ke sahaja nartana ke sAtha alaMkAroM kI sahaja jhaMkRti sunAyI par3atI hai| __ yaha kAvya dohA-caupaI (15 mAtrA) chanda meM racA gayA hai / AvazyakatAnusAra aDilla, ghanAkSarI, chappaya, paddharI, cAla, narendra (jogIrAsa), soraThA, kavitta ikatIsA, kusumalatA, haragItikA, belI cAla, gItA Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / neminAtha carita' yaha ajayarAja pATanI kI 264 padyoM kI eka sarasa prabandha kRti hai| kavi ko isake praNayana kI preraNA ambAvatI (Amera-jayapura) ke jaina mandira meM pratiSThita bhagavAna neminAtha kI maMjula mUrti ke darzana se milii| racanA para racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1763 aMkita hai|' isakA mUla uddezya neminAtha ke caritra ko dyotita karanA hai| isameM neminAtha ke sAtha hI rAjula ke caritra kA audAtya bhI dravaNazIla hai| kavi ne kAvya meM vividha vastu-varNanoM kA niyojana bar3I saphalatA 1. yaha jayapura ke TholiyoM ke digambara jaina mandira meM guTakA naM 108 meM nibaddha hai| 2. neminAtha carita, antima pRSTha / 3. vahI /

Page #81
84 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana pUrvaka kiyA hai| rUpa-citraNa kA to kavi citerA hai| usane kRti ke madhya eka sthala para 'bArahamAsA' ke rUpa meM bahuvidha prakRti ke ramya citra utAre haiN| 'neminAtha carita' dohA-caupaI chanda meM likhA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM saMgItAtmaka DhAloM ke prayoga se kAvya meM ramaNIyatA ubhara uThI hai / uparyukta prabandhakAvyoM ke atirikta kavi jagatarAma kRta 'laghu maMgala',' vizvabhUSaNa kRta 'nirvANa maMgala'2 (1726), ajayarAja pATanI kRta 'yazodhara caupaI', 'carakhA caupaI', 'zivaramaNI vivAha Adi-Adi aThArahavIM zatI kI sAmAnya racanAeM haiN| (unnIsavIM zatAbdI) Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki isa zatI meM bahuta thor3e se prabandhakAvya hI nirmita hue| unameM kavi bhArAmalla kRta 'zIlakathA', 'cArudatta caritra', 'saptavyasana caritra'; manaraMgalAla kRta 'nemicandrikA' Adi uttama prabandha racanAe~ haiN| zIlakathA yaha kavi bhArAmalla kI racanA hai| racanA para racanAkAla aMkita nahIM hai, kintu kavi ne 'cArudatta carita' saMvat 1813 meM tathA 'sapta vyasana carita' 1814 meM racA thA, ata: 'zIlakathA' kA racanAkAla 16 vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa siddha hotA hai| 1. jaina mandira bar3auta, guTakA naM0 54 / lUNakaraNa jI kA mandira, jayapura, guTakA naM0 161 / * badhIcanda jI kA jaina mandira, jayapura, guTakA naM 38 / vahI, guTakA naM0 134 / vahI, guTakA naM0 158, veSTana naM0 1275 / 5. bhAratIya jaina-siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA se prakAzita / 7. dekhie---kAmatAprasAda jaina :hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa,pRSTha 218 / caurAhe kA jaina mandira, belanagaMja, AgarA se prApta hastalikhita prati (grantha saMkhyA 66) ke AdhAra para /

Page #82
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa isa kAvya ke saMkSipta kathAnaka meM eka adbhuta dIpti hai| isameM mAnavamana ke rahasyodghATana meM rasa kI nirjhariNI pravAhita ho rahI hai / kathA kI akhaNDa dhArA ke bIca mAnava-manobhAvoM evaM nAnA kriyA-kalApoM kA citrAMkana bar3A manohara bana par3A hai / 85 'zIlakathA' kI nAyikA manoramA aura usakA nAyaka sukhAnanda donoM hI zIla kI zAzvata jyoti ke pratirUpa haiN| donoM kA caritra karuNA kI tarala taraMgoM se bhIgA huA hai / isakI zailI udAtta aura garimAmayI hai / analaMkArika bhASA meM sahaja pravAha, mAdhurya aura rasAbhivyaMjanA kA guNa hai / yaha dohA caupaI meM racita hai / kathAnaka ko vividha mor3a dene ke liye soraThA, gItA, gItikA, aDilla, paddharI, savaiyA teIsA, cAla Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sapta vyasana caritra' yaha sAta adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / pratyeka adhikAra meM alaga-alaga kathA aura alaga-alaga nAyaka haiM / yaha racanA eka samagra prabandha na hokara prabandha saptaka hai / jaina paramparA meM mAnava ko adha: patana kI ora le jAne vAle sapta vyasana' mAne gaye haiM / isa kAvya meM ina sapta vyasanoM kA vidhivata vizleSaNa huA hai / sapta adhikAroM meM samAviSTa sapta kathAoM ke mAdhyama se pRthak 1. graMthAMka 56, caurAhe kA jaina mandira, belanagaMja, AgarA se prApta hastalikhita prati / aba bhASU sAtoM adhikAra / juA mAMsa mada ganikA bhAra / pApa sikAra cori paranAri / sAta visaNa jaga meM duSakAri // 2. - - sapta vyasana caritra, padya, pRSTha 1 /

Page #83
86 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana pRthak pAtroM ke dvArA sAtoM vyasanoM ke duSpariNAmoM se mAnava ko avagata karAyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya suSThu bhAvAbhivyaMjanA, zailIgata saundarya, chandAlaMkAroM kI bhavya yojanA evaM mahat uddezya kI dRSTi se saphala hai| isa kRti ke praNetA bhArAmalla siMghaI hai| unhoMne ise vikrama saMvat 1814 meM sirajA hai| nizi bhojana tyAga kathA yaha kavi bhArAmalla kI unnIsavIM zatI kI sarasa kRti hai| caupaI, soraThA, manaharaNa, gItA Adi chandoM meM rUpAyita do sau caubIsa padyoM kI prastuta kRti apane DhaMga kI eka hI hai| kavi ne isameM padmadatta seTha kI kanyA kamalazrI ke cAritrika vikAsa ke mAdhyama se nizi-bhojana-tyAga ke tathya ko bar3e anUThepana se puSTa kiyA hai / kAvya ke niSkarSa meM kavi yahI udghATita karatA hai : nizi ke vrata kA phala adhikAra / aisA suno sabai nara nAra / yAse naranArI suna leu / nizi kA bhojana sadA tajeu // 211 // nizi meM bhojana karai ju koi / pazu sama hai nara nArI soi| naraka pazU gati so nara pareM / jo nizi bhojana bhakSaNa kareM // 212 // jo nizi tyAga kare nara nAra / tina ko dhanya kaho avatAra / sohI svarga mukti pada bare / jo nizi bhojana tyAgeM khare / / 213 / / ' kAvya meM rasa, kutUhala aura sajIvatA kA sanniveza hai| usameM zailIgata saukumArya chalaka rahA hai| yaha laghukAya racanA bhArAmalla ke zreSTha kRtitva kA nidarzana hai| 1. muMzI nAthUrAma bukaselara kaTanI mur3abArA ne dezopakAraka presa lakhanaU meM paM0 ghAsIrAma tripAThI ke prabandha se mudrita karAI, san 1906 I0 / 2.. nizi bhojana kathA, pRSTha 27 /

Page #84
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 87 nemicandrikA yaha kavi manaraMgalAla kRta khaNDakAvya hai| isakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1883 hai / DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI ne isakA racanAkAla san 1823 I02 tathA kAzInAgarI pracAriNI sabhA ke khoja vivaraNa meM saM0 1830 mAnA hai / isameM neminAtha ke janma se lekara tapa karane taka kI ghaTanAoM kA Akalana hai / katipaya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa neminAtha kA caritra bhAvuka kaviyoM ke lie svabhAvataH AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai / unake vivAha kI pavitra velA meM balivedI para kaTane ke lie prastuta pazuoM kA karuNa-krandana ahiMsA aura karuNA se bhAvita unake komala hRdaya ko eka jhaTakA detA hai; unheM saMsAra kI niSThuratA aura asthiratA kA bhAna hotA hai / ve tapazcaryA kA saMkalpa lekara kaThora tapa karate haiM / rAjula bhI antata: pati ke sAtha tapa kA vrata le letI hai| kAvya meM yathAvasara zRMgAra, zAMta, vAtsalya rasoM kI yojanA hai| kAvyAMta meM zAnta rasa kA utkarSa nidarzita hai / isakI bhASA khar3I bolI prabhAvita brajabhASA hai| bhASA ko sajAvaTa ke lie sahaja alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai / zailI sarala aura mArmika hai / uparyukta kAvyoM ke alAvA bhArAmalla kRta 'darzana kathA tathA 'cArudatta caritra' maulika kintu sAmAnya prabandhakRtiyA~ haiN| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA (bihAra) se prApta pustaka, jo prakAzita avasthA meM hai| eka sahastra aru ATha sataka varaSa asiti aur| yAhI saMvata mo karI pUraNa iha guNa gaura // 56 // -nemicandrikA 3. DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI, hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pRSTha 202 / 4. khoja vivaraNa, sabhA, 1926-28, prathama pariziSTa, saMkhyA 261 / prakAzaka-jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI / 6. jaina mandira, purAnI DIga (bharatapura), rAjasthAna /

Page #85
88 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana anUdita prabandhakAvya (aThArahavIM zatAbdI) anuvAda kA bar3A bhArI mahattva pUrvavartI racanA ke mUla bhAvoM kI kuzala abhivyaMjanA meM hai / kAvya kA prANa bhAva hai / bhAva apanI saphala abhivyakti ke lie sadaiva Akula rahatA hai aura kalA kA Azraya khojA karatA hai / yadi koI saphala anuvAdaka kavi atIta ke aMdhakAra meM AvRta atula evaM bahumUlya bhAva - rAzi ko yuga-bhASA aura nUtana zailI meM saMjokara loka- hRdaya ko rasasikta karane aura kisI mahat Adarza athavA saMdeza se anuprANita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, to usakA yaha prayAsa stutya hI hai aura isake sAtha hI bhASA-zailI ke antargata aisI pratibhAoM ke yogadAna ko ucita mAna denA nyAyocita hai / Alocyayuga meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA paryApta saMkhyA meM anUdita prabandhakAvyoM kA praNayana huA / prazna uThatA hai ki ina kaviyoM ne anuvAda kA Azraya kyoM liyA ? aura kyoM apanI pratibhA kA isa dizA meM upayoga kiyA ? bAta yaha hai ki ye kavi pUrvavartI bhASAoM meM racita usa prabandhasampatti ko bhI prakAza meM lAnA cAhate the, jo jana sAmAnya kI pahu~ca se bAhara thI / ' inhoMne dharma-bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI aisA kiyA thA, isake atirikta inheM aura kisI prakAra kI AkAMkSA nahIM thI / " 1. nRpa varAMga ko carita udAra / mUla grantha ati kaThina maMjhAra / bhASA racanA jo aba hoya / to bAkoM vAce saba koya || 2 || X X X X bhaTTAraka zrI barddhamAna ati hI visAla mati / kiyo saMskRta pATha tAhi samajha na tucha mati // tAhI ke anusAra aratha jo mana meM Ayo / nija para hita suvicAra 'lAla' bhASA kari gAyau // 66 // - pANDe lAlacanda : varAMga carita, sarga 12, pRSTha 84 / lobha lAbha guNa ura viSai, maiM nahi lahyo lagAra / khyAta pUjamati TAri kai dharma bhAvanA dhAra // 4674 || 2. - sevArAma : zAntinAtha purANa adhikAra 15, pRSTha 161 /

Page #86
88 paricaya aura vargIkaraNa isa samaya ke anUdita kAvyoM meM mahAkAvyaM, ekArthakAvya aura khaNDakAvya, tInoM hI upalabdha hote haiM / dharma parIkSA yaha eka dhArmika kAvya hai / isakI racanA kavi manoharadAsa khaNDelavAla ne vikrama saMvat 1705 meM kii| isakA kathAnaka mUlataH saMskRta bhASA meM muni matisAgara viracita 'dharma-parIkSA' ke AdhAra para hai| prastuta prabandhakAvya meM manovega aura pavanavega, do mitroM kI kahAnI aMkita hai| kathA meM gati aura pravAha kA abhAva hai| kathAnaka aneka sthaloM para ulajhA huA pratIta hotA hai| vastutaH yaha eka vyaMgyAtmaka kAvya hai, jisameM sthala-sthala para kavi ne lAkSaNika zailI kA sahArA liyA hai / yaha nItiyoM kA bhaNDAra hai|' bhASA-zailI praur3ha, sazakta evaM prabhAvotpAdaka hai| isa kRti kI sabase zrI digambara jaina mandira, caurAhA belanagaMja, AgarA se prApta hastalikhita prati / dharma parIkSA, padya 8, pRSTha 1 / mati sAgara muni jAna, saMskRta pUrvahi khii| maiM buddhihIna ayAna, bhASA kInI jori ke // -vahI, padya 2021, pRSTha 67 / 5. (ka) lobha SavIsa nivAri, lobha mAri saMtoSa subha / Atama sakati samhAri, mArau tRsanA rASa sI // -dharma parIkSA, padya 1847, pRSTha 64 / (kha) dhika prIti sasi sUra kI, mila mAsa madhi Ai / candra pratApa miTAi kaiM, Apa pratApa karAi // -vahI, padya 242, pRSTha 13 / (ga) apanoM chidra pahAra sama, tAhi Dhake saba koi / sarasoM sama para chidra hai, tAkau deSa loi // -vahI, padya 1305, pRSTha 62 /

Page #87
10 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bar3I vizeSatA hai-bhAvAnukUla bhASA-zailI kA prayoga / ' zailI meM kavi ke vyaktitva kI chApa spaSTa hI dRSTigocara hotI hai / protakara carita' isake racayitA jodharAja godIkA haiN| racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1721 hai| isakA praNayana brahmacArI nemidatta ke 'prItaMkara carita' ke anusAra huA hai| 1. (ka) adhara kapola lAla sobhita marAla cAla, __ ati hI rasAla bAla bolata suhaavnii| nita hI suraMgI araghaMgI bhAvane kI pyArI, locana kuraMgI sama pyAre mana bhaavnii|| -vahI, padya 464, pRSTha 30 / (kha) sobhita nAri mahA suSa saagr| mAnau siSA madhi caMpa kalI hai| ___-vahI, padya 465, pRSTha 30 / (ga) jAkI gaThar3I dAma, sora bar3o saMsAra meM, mAnau saca abhirAma, dAma binA nara cAma sau // -vahI, padya 773, pRSTha 36 / 2. jIvata mAta pitA nahiM mAne, tihi ko dharma alessaa| mUvA pArcha mUcha mur3Ava, gadahA DAke leSA // -vahI, padya 1735, pRSTha 83 / godhoM kA jaina mandira, nAgauriyoM kA cauka, ghI vAloM kA rAstA, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati / mUlagrantha karatA bhae nemidatta brahmacAra / tasu anusAra su jodha kavi karI caupaI sAra // -prItaMkara crit|

Page #88
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa prastuta kRti meM prItaMkara kA caritra varNita hai / racanA sAmAnya koTi kI hai| bhASA-zailI meM bhI koI vizeSatA lakSita nahIM hotii| chandoM meM caupaI chanda kI pradhAnatA hai| pANDava purANa' bulAkIdAsa ne 1754 vikrama saMvat meM isakI racanA kI, jisakA AdhAra paMcAstikAya hai / yaha eka sargabaddha racanA hai / alaMkAramayI bhASA aura svaccha zailI meM bhAvoM kI sumadhura vyaMjanA kI dRSTi se kAvya sundara hai / / itivRttAtmaka evaM rasAtmaka varNanoM meM sAmaMjasya hai| kRti meM pANDavoM kA saMgharSa pradhAna hai| dropadI kA durdharSa saMgharSa aura asaMkhya vedanAoM kA saMsAra to aura bhI dravaNazIla hai| dyUta krIr3A kitanI bhayAvaha hai aura kitanI vipattiyoM kA kAraNa, kAvya meM isI lakSya kA saMdhAna hai| prastuta prabandhakAvya meM mahAkAvya kI vizeSatAe~ vidyamAna haiM / labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA prastuta kAvya kA nAma yadyapi 'labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA' hai, kintu yaha jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA se prApta hastalikhita prati (granthAMka ga-40) / 2. pANDava purANa, padya 36, prabhAva 1, pRSTha 3 / 3. (ka) hasta-hasta paga-paga bhirata, sIsa-sIsa soM mAra / aghare juvai locana aruna, sveda dipata tana sAra // . - vahI, padya 66, prabhAva 18, pRSTha 175 / (kha) druma hAlata para bhIma ju halai / sarita chuvata jima jalanidhi cle| -vahI, padya 45, prabhAva 11, pRSTha 66 / kSullaka zrI zItalasAgara jI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita aura hukamacanda, lAlacanda jaina sAMgAnera (jayapura) dvArA vIra saMvat 2462 meM prakAzita, jisakA nAma 'gautama gaNadhara' caritra bhI diyA gayA hai /

Page #89
62 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kathAmUlaka nahIM caritramUlaka kAvya hai, jisameM mahAvIra svAmI ke pramukha gaNadhara gautama' kA caritra varNita hai / isakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1782 meM huI / saMskRta meM abhra paMDita ne 'labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA' kA nirmANa kiyA thA, usI ke AdhAra para harSabrahma kA upadeza pAkara kavi kizanasiMha ne isakA sarjana kiyaa| yaha prabandhakAvya vrata kI mahimA para prakAza DAlatA hai / gautama gaNadhara ne pUrva paryAya meM labdhi vidhAna vrata kiyA thA aura usI ke phalasvarUpa vartamAna bhava meM unheM gaNadhara pada prApta huaa| puNya-dharmAdi kA phala madhura hotA hai| prANI jaisA zubhAzubha karma karatA hai, usakA phala bhI vaisA hI milatA hai-isI tathya kI puSTi kAvya se hotI hai| isa racanA meM teraha prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / vaise yaha dohAcaupaI paddhati para likhI gaI hai / sampUrNa kAvya meM caupaI chanda kI pradhAnatA hai|' bhadravAha caritra aitihAsika AdhAra para racita prastuta grantha eka sAmAnya koTi kA prabandhakAvya hai, jisakI racanA kavi kizanasiMha ne vikrama saMvat 1783 1. zubha vayAsiya satraha sau same, -labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA, padya 225, pRSTha 31 / 2. kathA saMskRta 'yaha abhra paMDita ne kiinii| haraSa brahma upadeza pAya sukha kara raci liinii|| -vahI, padya 223, pRSTha 30 / 3. caupaI pramukha iha kathana kI, bhASA vividha banAya ke| -vahI, padya 223, pRSTha 30 / 4. zrI zItalasAgarajI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita tathA vi0 saM0 2023 meM zrI digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sAMgAnera (jayapura) dvArA prakAzita /

Page #90
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa meM kii| kAvya saMskRta-grantha 'bhadrabAhu zruta kevalI carita' (ratnanandi kRta) kA hindI rUpAntara hai| prastuta kAvya meM jainoM ke paMcama zru ta kevalI bhadrabAhu ke caritra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha cAra saMdhiyoM kA prabandhakAvya hai| isa meM aneka prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dhanyakumAra caritra yaha kavi khuzAlacandra kI ekArthakAvya kRti hai| isameM racanAkAla kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai, parantu anumAnataH yaha yazodhara carita (vikrama saMvat 1781) kI uttaravartI racanA hai| kathAnaka brahma nemidatta ke 'dhanya kumAra caritra ke anusAra hai| racanA sargabaddha hai, jo pA~ca sargoM meM pUrNa hai| nAyaka dhanyakumAra ke nAma para kAvya kA nAmakaraNa huA hai| isameM nAyaka ke samagra jIvana kA citra samAhita hai| dhanyakumAra kA uddAma evaM anavarata saMgharSa isa kAvya kA prANa hai| yaha mUlataH dohA-caupaI chanda meM racita hai| yatra-tatra kucha anya chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / bhASA atyanta sahaja aura sarala hai / 1. saMvata satrahaso asI, Upari aura hai tIna / 2. bhadrabAhu caritra, pRSTha 66 / vahI, pRSTha 66 / dohA, caupaI, savaiyA (31 mAtrA), gItA, cAla, chappaya, paddhar3I, nArAca, bhujaMgaprayAta, soraThA, aDilla, savaiyA (23 mAtrA), kuMDalI Adi / prakAzaka-zrI raghuvIra siMha jaina, zrI vIra jaina sAhitya kAryAlaya, hisAra (pNjaab)| dhanyakumAra caritra, pRSTha 61 |

Page #91
14 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana uparyukta anUdita prabandhakAvyoM se itara bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa kA 'jinadatta carita" (vikrama saMvat 1747), vinodIlAla kA 'bhaktAmara carita (vikrama saMvat 1747), khuzAlacanda kRta 'harivaMza purANa" (vikrama saMvat 1780), 'yazodhara carita" (vikrama saMvat 1781), padma purANa" (vikrama saMvat 1783), 'uttara purANa'6 (vikrama saMvat 1766) Adi anUdita kAvyoM ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya prabandhakAvya haiN| (unnIsavIM zatAbdI) jIvaMdhara carita yaha eka utkRSTa koTi kA anUdita prabandhakAvya hai| isakA praNayana basavA (jayapura) nivAsI daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne udayapura meM (vikrama saMvat 1805) kiyA / usa samaya udayapura meM mahArANA jagatasiMha kA rAjya thaa| prastuta prabandha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| usake kathAnaka kA cayana mahApurANa (zloka saMkhyA bIsa hajAra) se kiyA gayA hai / svayaM kavi ke anusAra usakI kathA sarasa aura navarasa se paripUrNa hai / 11 / 1. di. jaina mandira, vAsana daravAjA, bharatapura se prApta hastalikhita prati ' 2. jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA (bihaar)| .. jaina mandira baghIcanda jI kA zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura / 1. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura / jaina mandira baghIcanda jI kA zAstra bhaNDAra, jypur| ... 6. vhii| 7. jaina sAhitya zodha-saMsthAna, jayapura se prApta hastalikhita prati / 8. jIvaMdhara carita kAvya-prazasti, padya 8, pRSTha 63 / / 1. vahI, padya 2, pRSTha 62 / 10. vahI, padya 5, pRSTha 63 / 1. vahI, padya 7, pRSTha 63 /

Page #92
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa kAvya kA nAyaka rAjakumAra jIvaMdhara hai / usakA janma zmazAna bhUmi meM aura usakA pAlana-poSaNa eka zreSThi ke ghara hotA hai / vaha jIvana bhara saMgharSa karatA hai aura aneka vijayoM se vibhUSita hotA hai| anta meM vaha pratizodha kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara apane pitA kA vadha karane vAle maMtrI kASTAMgArika ko yuddha meM parAsta kara rAjya-siMhAsana para AsIna hotA hai / kRti mUlataH dohA-caupaI chanda meM likhI gayI hai| sthala-sthala para aDilla, soraThA, cAla, bhujaMga prayAta, vesarI, chappaya, bar3adohA Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| zroNika carita' kavi ratnacanda ne isa kRti ko vikrama saMvat 1824 meM rcaa| yaha zubhacandra viracita zreNika carita (saMskRta) kA rUpAntara hai|3 zreNika caritra 21 prabhAvoM kA kAvya hai| kAvya kA lakSya zreNika ke Adarza caritra kA sarvAMga vivecana karanA hai / zreNika bhagavAna mahAvIra kI samavazaraNa sabhA ke pradhAna zrotA the| kAvya zilpa-vidhAna kI dRSTi se sAmAnya hai| abhivyaMjanA meM hRdaya ko rasavibhora karane kI zakti kama hai| vividha chandoM ke prayoga kI dRSTi se racanA dhanI hai| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA (graMthAMka ga, 61) se prApta hastalikhita prati / 2. zreNika carita, padya 32, prabhAva 21, pRSTha 62 / vahI, padya 18, prabhAva 1, pRSTha 2 / / chappaya, cAla, dhra pada, kavitta, rolA, savaiyA, tUryamAlatI, troTaka, caMcala, reSatA, cAmara, mallikA, mAlinI, kavi visundarI, paMcaper3I, vijaya akSarI, rasAvala, kuMDalI, nArAca, padmAvatI, druta-vilamba, gaMgodaka, surasAla, arddhabhujaMgI, bhujaMgaprayAta, basaMtatilakA Adi /

Page #93
66 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana varddhamAna purANa isa kAvya kI racanA kavi navalasAha ne apane pitA kI sahAyatA se sakalakIti kRta 'mahAvIra purANa' ke AdhAra para' saMvat 1825 meM kii|' yaha kAvya 16 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / Arambha ke 6 adhikAroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra (jinheM varddhamAna bhI kahA jAtA hai) ke pUrva bhavoM kA vistAra se varNana hai aura zeSa 10 adhikAroM meM unake vartamAna jIvana kA citrAMkana huA hai| prastuta kRti meM varNanoM kI bahulatA hai| una varNanoM meM kahIM-kahIM nIrasatA kA bhI AbhAsa milatA hai| jaina dharma evaM darzana ke aneka tattvoM kA sthala-sthala para samAveza hai| bhAvAnukUla bhASA isa racanA kI eka vizeSatA hai, jo kavi ke bhASAdhikAra ko pragaTa karatI hai| chanda-vidhAna meM kavi ko prabhUta saphalatA milI hai| pratyeka adhikAra kA Arambha 'dohA' se, nirvAha 'caupaI se aura anta prAyaH 'gItA' chanda se huA hai| varAMga caritra (pANDe lAlacanda kRta) pANDe lAlacanda kRta 'varAMga caritra' kI racanA saMvat 1827 meM huii| 1. zrI digambara jaina maMdira, caurAhA belanagaMja, AgarA ke zAstra bhaMDAra se prApta hastalikhita prati / 2. kahyo stavana bhASA jori / navalasAha mada taji mana mori // sakalakIrti upadesa pramAna / pitA, putra mili raciu purAna // -vaddha mAna purANa, padya saM0 316, adhikAra 16, pRSTha 310 / 3. vahI, padya saMkhyA 331, adhikAra 16, pRSTha 312 / 1. jaina sAhitya zodha saMsthAna, AgarA se prApta hastalikhita prati / 5. saMvat aSTAdasa sata jAna / Upara sattAIsa pramAna / -varAMga caritra, padya 100, sarga 12, pRSTha 84 /

Page #94
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa kAvya' kA kathAnaka saMskRta kavi bhaTTAraka varddhamAna kRta 'varAMga caritra' ke anusAra hai| isa kRti ke praNayana meM kavi ko unake samakAlIna prasiddha kavi nathamala bilAlA se vizeSa sahAyatA milii| 'varAMga caritra' bAraha sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai| isakA nAyaka napa varAMga hai, jisakA caritra aneka vizeSatAoM kA bhaNDAra hai / prabandha kI bhASA zailI bhAvAnukUla, sazakta aura mArmika hai| chandoM ke samucita prayoga meM bhAva nAca uThe haiN| varAMga caritra (kamalanayana kRta) kavi kamalanayana ne 'varAMga caritra' kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1877 meM kI / bhaTTAraka varddhamAna ne saMskRta bhASA meM 13 sargoM meM 'varAMga caritra' kI racanA kI thii| prastuta grantha usI kA bhASAntara hai / bhaTTAraka zrI barddhamAna ati hI visAla mati / kiyo saMskRta pATha tAhi samajha na tucha mati / / . tAhI ke anusAra aratha jo mana meM aayo| nija para hita suvicAra 'lAla' bhASA kara gAyo / -vahI, padya 100, sarga 12, pRSTha 84 / 2. vahI, padya 65. sarga 12, pRSTha 83 / 3. chUTe dhanuSa teM tIchana tIra / bhUtala chAya liyo vara vIra / / mAnoM pralayakAla ghanaghora / jaladhArA varaSata cahu~ ora // 102 / / -vahI, sarga 8, pRSTha 44 / 4. sampAdaka zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina, pra0 zrI jaina sAhitya samiti, jasavaMtanagara (iTAvA) pra0 san, 1636 I0 / 5. saMvata nava dUne sahI, sataka upari puni bhAkhi / yugama sapta doU dhari, aMka vAma gati sAkhi // -varAMga caritra, padya saM0 116, prazasti, pR0 136 /

Page #95
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana prastuta kAvya mUlata: dohA-caupaI zailI meM likhA gayA hai| sthala-sthala para chappaya, aDilla, gItikA, savaiyA, paddhar3I, gItA, cAla, marahaTa, kar3akhA Adi chandoM kA prayoga bar3I sundaratA se kiyA gayA hai| eka bAta aura / bhaTTAraka varddhamAna kRta 'varAMga caritra' kA padyAnuvAda pANDe lAlacanda (vikrama saMvat 1827) ne bhI kiyA hai, jo bhAva kI madhura evaM sazakta abhivyaMjanA ke kAraNa prastuta kAvya kI apekSA adhika utkRSTa hai| jinadatta carita' ___'jinadatta carita' kavi vakhtAvaramala kA romAMcaka zailI kA mahAkAvya hai| isakI racanA saMvata 1864 meM huii| saMskRta meM guNabhadrAcArya ne caturvarga phaloM se yukta 'jinadatta carita' kI racanA kI thI, usI ko bhASAntarita kara kavi ne prastuta prabandhakAvya ke rUpa meM hindI ko eka kaNThAbharaNa pradAna kiyA hai| yaha sarasa mahAkAvya 6 saMdhiyoM meM pUrNa huA hai| ghaTanA aura varNanoM kI pradhAnatA hai / bhASA pravAhayukta aura prasAda-guNa-sampanna hai| 1. jaina sAhitya zodha-saMsthAna, AgarA se prApta hastalikhita prati / 2. jinadatta carita, padya 118, saMdhi 6, pRSTha 76 / guNa bhadrAcAraja kaheM, dharma artha aru kAma / mokSa sahata catuvarga eha, ujjala muktA dAma // 5 // asI jinadatta seTha kI, kathA mahArasa lIna / mo mana baMchA ati bhaI, kaMThAbharaNa su kIna // 6 // -vahI, saMdhi 1, pRSTha 2 / 4. keI mahalA taja siMgAra / vIthI prata daur3I teha bAra // keI mahala siSara pai jAya / deSata dulahA dulahana Aya // 22 // keI nAra mana dhAra umaMga / laSe kavara muSa kamala abhaMga / / keI bhAmana daur3ata bhaI / sAr3I urajhata bhUmadha ThaI // 23 // keiyana ke gala TUTe hAra / utkaMThata so tAha saMbhAra // 24 // -vahI, saMdhi 3, pRSTha 22 /

Page #96
paricaya tathA vargIkaraNa unnIsavIM zatI ke uparilikhita anUdita prabandhakAvyoM ke atirikta zAntinAtha purANa' (sevArAma -1834), nAgakumAra carita' (nathamala bilAlA-1834), jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA-1835) Adi anUdita prabandha ullekhanIya haiN| Upara Alocya racanAoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai / vivecyakAla meM maulika aura anUdita, donoM prakAra ke prabandhakAvyoM kA praNayana huA hai / ina kAvyoM ke sRjana kI dRSTi se unnIsavIM zatI kI apekSA aThArahavIM zatI adhika mahattvazAlinI rhii| ina prabandhoM meM mahAkAvya saMkhyA meM thor3e hai, ekArthakAvya kucha adhika aura khaNDakAvya sabase adhika / (kha) vargIkaraNa vivecya prabandhakAvyoM ke paricaya ke anantara hama ukta prabandhakAvyoM ke vargIkaraNa kI dharA para A khar3e hote haiM / vargIkaraNa ke lie koI prasthApita mAnadaNDa nahIM hai / yaha to adhyayana kI suvidhA evaM saralatA ke lie kiyA gayA hai| isase racanAoM ke svarUpa para bhI thor3A prakAza par3atA hai, jisase unake mUlyAMkana kI kucha rekhAe~ bhI ubhara AyI haiN| jaise Alocya prabandhakAvya aneka haiM vaise hI unameM nAmakaraNa, viSaya, kAvyarUpa, zailI Adi kI dRSTi se bhI vividhatA aura bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai ; ataeva unakA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAnA anivArya hai| vargIkaraNa ke cAra AdhAra bindu ye haiM : 1. nAmakaraNa 2. viSaya 1. jaina maMdira tijArA (alvr-raajsthaan)| 2. jaina maMdira dhUliyAgaMja, aagraa| 3. jaina maMdira caurAhe kA, belanagaMja, AgarA /

Page #97
100 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana 3. tattvagata pradhAnatA aura 4. kAvya rUpa nAmakaraNa kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa kisI bhI kRti ke nAmakaraNa ke pIche kRtikAra kA koI dhyeya hotA hai / zIrSaka - aucitya racanA ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke sAtha hI usake katipaya guNoM kI bhI dyotita karatA hai| Alocya prabandhakAvyoM ko carita ( kahIM caritra bhI ) purANa, rAsa, kathA, veli, maMgala, candrikA, bArahamAsA Adi aneka nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / carita nAmAnta inameM 'carita' (athavA caritra) zabda anta meM prayukta huA hai / caritakAvya prabandhakAvya kA hI eka vizeSa rUpa yA prakAra hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAya: caritakAvyoM ne apane ko kabhI carita, kabhI kathA aura kabhI purANa kahA hai / caritakAvya kI zailI jIvanacarita kI zailI hotI hai / usameM Arambha meM yA to aitihAsika DhaMga se nAyaka ke pUrvaja, mAtApitA aura vaMza kA varNana rahatA hai yA paurANika DhaMga se usake pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta tathA usake janma ke kAraNoM kA varNana hotA hai athavA kathAkAvya kI taraha usake mAtA-pitA, deza aura nagara kA varNana rahatA hai / usameM caritanAyaka ke janma se lekara mRtyuparyanta kI athavA kaI janmoM ( bhavAntaroM) kI kathA hotI hai / usameM zAstrIya prabandhakAvyoM kI taraha mahattvapUrNa aura kalAtmakatA utpanna karane vAlI aneka ghaTanAoM ke vidhAna kI aura varNanAtmaka aMzoM kI adhikatA nahIM hotI / ataH vaha kathAtmaka adhika aura varNanAtmaka kama hotA hai / caritakAvya kA kavi kathA ko chor3a kara vastuvarNana yA prakRti citraNa meM adhika dera taka nahIM ulajhatA / isI kAraNa vaha kathAkAvya ke adhika nikaTa tathA zAstrIya prabandhakAvyoM kI apekSA adhika svAbhAvika, sarala aura lokonmukha hotA hai / carita

Page #98
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 101 kAvyoM meM prAyaH prema, vIratA aura dharma yA vairAgya bhAvanA kA samanvaya dikhalAI par3atA hai| prAcInakAla se hI katipaya carita jainoM meM vizeSa lokapriya rahe haiN| ina carita nAmAnta kAvyoM meM adhikAMzata: jainoM ke triSaSThi zalAkA puruSoM (24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, ha nArAyaNa, 6 pratinArAyaNa, 6 balabhadra) kA caritra varNita hai / isa zreNI ke katipaya prabandhakAvyoM meM itihAsa prasiddha rAjAoM, vIra puruSoM, AcAryoM evaM mahAtmAoM kA bhI jIvana-vRtta hai| AlocyayugIna carita nAmAnta kAvya paramparAgata haiM aura unake kathAnaka srota pUrvavartI jainAgamoM, purANoM athavA prabandhakAvyoM se grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| unameM romAMcaka tattvoM ke viniveza ke sAtha hI dhArmikatA kA Agraha hai| unakA pramukha lakSya carita-nAyaka ke caritra kA pUrNa vikAsa nidarzita karanA hai / una meM saMgharSAtmaka paristhitiyoM, camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM, alaukika evaM atimAnavIya tattvoM evaM upadezAtmaka sthaloM kI pradhAnatA upalabdha hotI hai| nAyaka kA anavarata saMgharSa unakA prANa-bindu hai / unameM zRGgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasa kI triveNI pravAhita hai| carita nAmAnta racanAoM meM 'yazodhara carita', 'zreNika carita' AdiAdi aneka kalAkRtiyoM kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai / purANa nAmAnta 'purAtana puruSoM ke carita ke lie digambara sampradAya meM purANa evaM carita ye do zabda barAbara prayukta hue haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM kevala carita zabda hI / carita zabda eka vistRta artha vAlA hai, jabaki purANa zabda se abhipreta hai purAtana puruSoM kA carita / vidvAnoM ke lie jo veda kA sthAna hai, janatA ke lie vahI purANoM kA hai|""puraann kA abhidhArtha 'prAcIna' 1. de0-hindI sAhitya koza, pRSTha 286-87 ! 2. 50 gulAbacandra : prastAvanA, purANasAra saMgraha, pRSTha 4 /

Page #99
102 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana se hai / lAkSaNika artha meM purANa kA abhiprAya 'prAcIna AkhyAna' se hai / " purANoM ke varNanoM meM atizayokti avazya hai; kintu ye AkhyAna aura kathAeM nitAnta kAlpanika nahIM haiM / purANa padya meM haiM, kintu ye racanAe~ kevala padyabaddha varNana nahIM haiM; unameM kavitva kA aMza bhI paryApta hai / kavitvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa unameM atizayokti svAbhAvika hai / ' ' iti iha AsIta' yahA~ aisA huA, aisI aneka kathAoM kA nirUpaNa hone se RSigaNa ise 'itihAsa', 'itivRtta' aura 'etihya' bhI mAnate haiM / ' " jaina purANoM ke pratipAdya viSaya haiM - (1) kSetra (tInoM lokoM kI racanA ), ( 2) kAla (tInoM kAla), (3) tIrtha ( samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra), (4) satpuruSa aura ( 5 ) unakI pApa se puNya kI ora pravRtti Adi / 'ina purANoM kA uddezya hai - saMta puruSoM ke jIvana-carita dvArA jaina dharma ke gaMbhIra se gaMbhIra tattvoM ko pAThakoM athavA zrotAoM ko samajhA denA / ina granthoM meM aneka rocaka kathA-kahAniyoM ko dekara aisA priya banAyA gayA hai ki ye sAdhAraNa janatA ko zuSka mAlUma na ho sakeM / ina purANoM kA mahattva isameM hai ki eka ora to ye ati prAcIna aitihAsika evaM ardha aitihAsika anuzrutiyoM ke khajAne haiM, to dUsarI ora janapriya kathAnakoM ke vizAla bhaNDAra / * vivecyayuga meM purANa nAmAnta adhikAMza prabandhakAvya digambara jaina kaviyoM dvArA race gaye haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke jaina kaviyoM ne purANa nAmAnta kAvyoM kA praNayana prAyaH nahIM kiyA; unake to carita, caupaI, rAsa, rAso nAmAnta prabandhakAvya hI bahulatA se milate haiM aura ve adhikAMzataH rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA meM racita haiM / 2. 2. 3. 4. DaoN0 rAmAnanda tivArI : bhAratIya darzana kA paricaya, pRSTha 1960 - 161 / mahApurANa, prathama parva, zloka 25, pRSTha 8 / AdipurANa, sarga 2, zloka 38 / paM0 gulAbacandra : purANasAra saMgraha, prastAvanA, pRSTha 5 /

Page #100
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 103 purANAnta prabandhoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| purAkhyAna ve haiN| unameM dhArmikatA ke pariveza meM itihAsa kI jhalaka pratibimbita hai; prAcIna saMskRti evaM sAmAjika avasthAoM kA citraNa hai; kathA-kAvya kI rocakatA surakSita hai; nAyaka ke caritra kA utkarSa dikhalAne ke lie usakI pUrva bhavAvaliyoM kA varNana hai; aura unameM adhikAMza ve guNa-dharma pAye jAte haiM jo prabandhakAvya ke lie apekSita haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki ina kAvyoM ke anta meM 'purANa' zabda kyoM rakhA gayA ? isake sambhAvita kAraNa ye ho sakate haiM : (1) isa dharmaprANa deza meM purANa janasAdhAraNa kI AsthA ke pratIka aura dharma tathA saMskRti ke AdhArastambha rahe haiN| (2) prabandhakAvyoM ke AkhyAna-srota jaina purANoM se grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| (3) pUrvavartI jaina sAhitya meM purANa nAmAnta bahuta se kAvya milate haiM / AlocyakAlIna jaina kaviyoM ne una kAvyoM ke anukaraNa para ye kAvya race haiN| (4) purANoM meM kathAtmaka evaM upadezAtmaka aMzoM kI pracuratA hotI hai / purANa saMjJaka kAvyoM meM bhI yahI upalabdha hotA hai / isa koTi kI prAyaH pratyeka racanA meM antima sarga kA vidhAna mahApuruSoM ke upadeza ke liye hotA hai| purANa nAmAnta kAvyoM ke nAmakaraNa ke kAraNa jo bhI rahe hoM, yaha avazya hai ki unameM varNanAtmaka sthaloM, dhArmika tattvoM evaM prAsaMgika kathAoM kI adhikatA hai / ve prAya: caritakAvyoM se sAmya rakhate haiN| antara kevala itanA hai ki caritakAvyoM kI apekSA una meM lambe-lambe varNanoM, dhArmika upadezoM evaM kathAtmaka jaTilatAoM kA adhika viniveza hai, jaise-pAvapurANa meM / rAsa-rAso nAmAnta ___ 'rAsa' yA 'rAso' saMjJaka racanAeM prAyaH geya haiM aura inameM rAga-rAginiyoM ke AdhAra para deziyoM evaM DhAloM kI vipulatA hai / vAstava meM ye racanAeM

Page #101
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kathAtmaka kama aura bhAvAtmaka adhika haiM / inameM sabhI bhAva-rasoM kI yojanA hai / inakA zilpa-vidhAna adhika sazakta aura sundara hai / 104 kahanA cAhie ki rAsa sAhitya janapriya sAhitya / yaha kevala vIra evaM zRMgAra rasa ke varNana ke lie hI prayukta huA ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai / jaina kaviyoM ne rAsa sAhitya meM adhyAtma evaM vairAgya ke bhI khUba gIta gAye haiM / ' 13 vIM zatI se lekara 16vIM zatI taka jaina kaviyoM ne saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM rAsa nAmAnta racanAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| 'hindI bhASA ke kramika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI ye grantha mahattvapUrNa siddha ho sakate haiM aura inake paThana-pAThana se hameM eka nayI dizA mila sakatI hai / " AlocyakAla meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA rAsa - rAso kAvyoM kA praNayana rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI meM adhika huA, brajabhASA meM bahuta kama / 'ratnapAla rAso' aura 'nemIzvara rAsa' isa dizA kI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiM / kathA nAmAnta jaina sAhitya meM kathA nAmAnta racanAe~ jo padyavaddha haiM, prabandha zailI meM likhI huI milatI haiM / mUlataH isa koTi kI adhikAMza kRtiyoM kA uddezya caritrAMkana hai / 'kathA' nAma se abhihita ye racanAe~ 'kathAkAvya' se bhinna lakSita hotI haiM aura inheM varNanAtmaka prabandhakAvyoM kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / jana- hRdaya ko kisI upadeza, saMdeza athavA Adarza se anuprANita karane ke dRSTikoNa se isa zreNI ke kAvyoM meM dharma evaM nIti-tattvoM ke sAtha loka tattva kA prAdhAnya milatA hai / inameM kathA ke bhItara kathA kahane kI paramparA kA prAyaH nirvAha huA hai aura isase kahIM-kahIM rasAtmakatA meM 1. DaoN0 0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : 'rAsA sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina vidvAnoM kA yogadAna' lekha zIrSaka, gurudeva zrI ratnamuni smRtigrantha, pRSTha 340 1 vahI, pRSTha 349 // 2.

Page #102
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 105 bAdhA bhI upasthita huI hai / kathA kahIM sandhibaddha hai, kahIM sandhirahita / bhAva-vyaMjanA sarala hai / apabhraza kI bhA~ti inameM kavi kI kalpanA kA mela tathA dhArmikatA kA AvaraNa kinhIM paurANika rUr3hiyoM ke sAtha lakSita hotA hai / loka-mAnasa, sAmAjika rIti-nIti, vrata-paddhati tayA rUr3hiyoM kI prabalatA hai; yathA-'baMka cora kI kathA', 'zIlakathA' Adi / veli nAmAnta 'veli' nAmAnta racanAe~ prAyaH kathAtmaka haiN| unameM gIta-zailI kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI prabandhAtmakatA kA guNa sannihita hai| muktaka ke zarIra meM prabandha kI AtmA kA nivAsa unakI vizeSatA hai / jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita veli kAvya brajabhASA kI apekSA rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI meM adhika upalabdha hote haiN| velikAroM ne apane kAvyoM ke kathAnaka-srota adhikAMzataH jaina purANoM athavA jainAgamoM se grahaNa kiye haiM / triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM, anya mahAn vibhUtiyoM yA satI nAriyoM kA caritrAMkana hI unakA lakSya rahA hai / unameM prema aura zRMgAraparaka citroM kI bahulatA hai aura unakI carama pariNati dikhAyI detI hai-virAga, tapa yA nirvANa meM / unakA zilpa-vidhAna atizaya sundara hai / unameM prayukta chandoM meM laya hai| loka gItoM kI-sI sarasatA hai| ve prAyaH DhAloM meM rUpAyita haiM aura deziyoM evaM saMgIta ke aneka rAgoM se gumphita haiM / udAharaNArtha Alocyayuga kI veli racanAoM meM bhaTTAraka dharmacandra racita 'AdinAtha veli' kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / maMgala nAmAnta 'maMgala' nAmAnta kAvyoM kA sRjana jaina kaviyoM ne bhI kiyA hai aura dekhie-DaoN. devendrakumAra : gurudeva zrI ratnamuni smRti grantha, pRSTha 333 / 2. dekhie-DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata : rAjasthAnI veli sAhitya, pRSTha 51 /

Page #103
106 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ajana kaviyoM ne bhI / 'jIvana ke ullAsadAyaka aneka prasaMgoM meM vivAha atyanta Ananda-maMgala kA prasaMga hai / isalie kaviyoM ne isa prasaMga kA varNana bar3I hI sundara zailI meM kiyA hai| anya kaviyoM kI tulanA meM jaina kaviyoM kI maMgala nAmAnta kRtiyoM meM bhinnatA lakSita hotI hai / 'jAnakI maMgala,' 'pArvatI maMgala', 'rukmiNI maMgala' Adi kAvya jahA~ zRgAronmukha haiM, vahA~ jagatarAma kA 'laghu maMgala', pANDe rUpacanda kA 'laghu maMgala' aura 'paMca maMgala', vizvabhUSaNa kA nirvANa maMgala', vinodIlAla kA 'neminAthamaMgala', 'nemi byAha' Adi virAgonmukha haiM / candrikA nAmAnta ye mUlataH caritra para prakAza DAlane vAlI kRtiyA~ haiN| jaise candrikA dharitrI ko Alokita karatI hai, vaise hI ye kAvya caritra ko Alokita karate haiM / isa zreNI ke kAvyoM meM AsakaraNa kRta 'nemicandrikA' manaraMgalAla kRta 'nemicandrikA' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| caupaI-kavitta nAmAnta jo prabandhakAvya prAyaH dohA-caupaI zailI meM race gaye haiM aura jinameM caupaI chanda kI pradhAnatA hai, unheM 'caupaI' kAvya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai; yathA-'yazodhara carita caupaI' / isI prakAra jo kAvya prAyaH kavittoM meM race gaye haiM, ve 'kavitta' nAmAnta hai; jaise-'neminAtha ke kavitta', 'pArzvanAtha ke kvitt'| bArahamAsA nAmAnta prAyaH 'bArahamAsA' kAvya prabandhakAvya ke antargata nahIM Ate; hA~ ve - - zrI agaracanda nAhaTA : 'vivAha aura maMgala kAvyoM kI paramparA,' bhAratIya sAhitya, DaoN. vizvanAthaprasAda dvArA sampAdita, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, hindI vidyApITha, prathama aMka, janavarI 1956, pRSTha 140 /

Page #104
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa prabandhakAvya ke eka aMga avazya haiN| hamAre yuga meM katipaya bArahamAsA kAvya prabandha-nirvAha kI dRSTi se saphala haiM aura unakA praNayana prabandhakAvya tattvoM ke AdhAra para hI huA hai, ataH unheM prabandhakAvya kI sImA ke antargata rakha liyA gayA hai / unameM bhAvAtmakatA adhika hai, ataH unheM bhAvaprabandha kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai; jaise-'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA' Adi / chanda-saMkhyA nAmAnta Alocya prabandhoM meM kucha saMkhyA nAmAnta prabandhakAvya bhI upalabdha hote haiM; yathA-'rAjula paccIsI', 'zataaSTottarI', 'phUlamAla paccIsI', 'sUA battIsI' Adi / ina racanAoM kA nAmakaraNa chanda yA padya saMkhyA ke AdhAra para huA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhya hai ki prAyaH saMkhyA nAmAnta kRtiyA~ muktaka rUpa meM adhika prApta hotI haiM, prabandha rUpa meM kama / vivecyayugIna jaina kaviyoM meM 'satasaI', 'zataka', 'bahattarI', 'bAvanI', 'chattIsI', 'battIsI', 'paccIsI' Adi likhane kI pravRtti bahuta dekhI jAtI hai / ye kRtiyA~ muktakoM ke sAtha prabandha rUpa meM bhI milatI haiN| saMvAda nAmAnta jina prabandhakAvyoM meM 'saMvAda' tattva kI pracuratA hai, unheM yaha nAma diyA gayA hai; yathA-paMcendriya saMvAda', 'nemi-rAjula sNvaad'| isa varga kI racanAoM meM prabandhAtmakatA surakSita rahI dikhAyI detI hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se Alocya kAvya-granthoM ko sAmAnyatayA tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) aitihAsika yA paurANika (2) dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika (3) dhArmika yA naitika

Page #105
108 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana upayukta vargIkaraNa se yaha artha grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie ki kisI eka varga ke kAvyoM meM dUsare varga kI vizeSatAoM ke darzana hI nahIM hote| kavi--svataMtra pratibhAzAlI vyaktitva kisI viSaya athavA kAvya-siddhAntoM kI kaThora sImAoM meM Abaddha nahIM rhtaa| ataH eka varga kI kAvya kRtiyoM meM dUsare varga kI vizeSatAoM kA milanA svAbhAvika hai| Alocya prabandhoM meM bahuta sI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM ke darzana hote haiM; kintu viSaya kI dRSTi se unameM jo tattva mukhyataH ubhara kara AyA hai, usI ke AdhAra para yaha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| aitihAsika yA paurANika isa varga ke antargata ve racanAe~ AtI haiM, jinakA praNayana itihAsa athavA jaina purANoM ke AdhAra para huA hai / ye ve kAvyagrantha haiM, jinakA sambandha itihAsa se hai / aise kAvyoM meM yadyapi kalpanA kA bhI samucita samAveza hai, kintu hai vaha aitihAsika paridhi ke bhItara hii| koI bhI kAvya aitihAsika hone kI abhidhA tabhI pAtA hai jaba usameM kAla, pAtra, ghaTanAoM aura tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM kA citraNa itihAsa sammata hotA hai| __ jaina purANoM ko AdhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kara jaina kaviyoM ne vipula parimANa meM sAhitya-sRSTi kI hai| ina purANoM meM prAyaH 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM arthAt caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM, bAraha cakravatiyoM, nau nArAyaNoM, nau pratinArAyaNoM aura nau baladevoM kA jIvanacarita varNita hai / anya purANa granthoM meM prAcIna mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kA varNana hai / jana granthoM ko, jinameM purAtana puruSoM kA caritra varNita hai, 'purANa'' kI saMjJA dI hai / kahIM-kahIM purANa ko itihAsa bhI kahA gayA hai / brAhmaNa granthoM, upaniSadoM aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhI purANa zabda itihAsa ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai aura bahudhA donoM zabdoM kA prayoga eka sAtha (iti5. AdipurANa, sarga 2, zloka 96 se 154 / / 2. AdinAtha crit|

Page #106
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 106 hAsa-purANa) huA hai / jaina dharma ke purANa granthoM meM aitihAsika sAmagrI ke sambandha meM pro0 hIrAlAla likhate haiM, 'jaina dharma kA sarvamAnya itihAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya se va usase kucha pUrva se Arambha hotA hai / isake pUrva ke itihAsa ke lie ekamAtra sAmagrI jaina dharma ke purANa grantha hai / 2 jo ho, ina purANoM kA mahattva isameM hai ki eka ora ye aitihAsika evaM adhaaitihAsika anuzra tiyoM ke khajAne haiM to dUsarI ora janapriya kathAnakoM ke vizAla bhaNDAra / ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ye jaina kAvya purANa-itihAsa na hoM, kintu itihAsa se sarvathA asampRkta nahIM haiM, ye itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA avazya prastuta karate haiM / paurANika prabandhakAvyoM ke antargata 'sItA carita', 'zroNika carita,' 'neminAtha maMgala', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'nemicandrikA', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'yazodhara carita', 'pArzvapurANa', Adi ko parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai / upayukta prabandhakAvyoM meM viSayagata samAnatAeM bhI haiM aura vibhinnatAeM bhii| tAttvika dRSTi se ye sabhI eka hI paramparA ke vividha sopAna haiM, eka hI zRMkhalA kI vividha kar3iyA~ haiN| anuzIlana ke AdhAra para unakI nimnAMkita sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ prakAza meM AtI haiM : (1) prAyaH sabhI prabandhakAvyoM meM jainoM ke purAtana mahApuruSoM athavA tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM se kahIM eka kA aura kahIM aneka kA jIvana carita varNita hai| (2) adhikAMza kAvyoM ke kathAnaka-srota jaina purANoM se grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| (3) unameM kahIM nAyaka ke samagra rUpa kA aura kahIM aMza rUpa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| 1. ema0 vinTaranitsa-e hisTrI oNpha inDiyana liTarecara, prathama bhAga, __pRSTha 518 / 2. dekhie-jaina itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA aura hamArA abhyudaya, pRSTha 5 / 30 dekhie-paM0 gulAbacandra : purANasAra saMgraha, prastAvanA, pRSTha 5 / ..

Page #107
110 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (4) sabhI meM prasaMgAnukUla aneka bhAva-rasoM kI sRSTi huI hai; kintu pradhAna svara zAnta rasa (nirveda) kA hai| unakA paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hI huA hai| (5) pratyeka meM bhoga kI virasatA, saMsAra kI asAratA, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ke sAtha hI sAtha puNya-pApa, dharma-adharma, svarga-naraka kA prasaMgAnusAra vivecana hai| pApa para puNya kI, adharma para dharma kI aura hiMsA para ahiMsA kI sarvatra vijaya dikhAyI gaI hai| (6) unameM adhikAMza pAtroM kA zIla-vivecana prAyaH eka hI paddhati para huA hai / unheM gRhastha tyAga ke uparAnta hI jaina dharma meM dIkSita hote hae, kaThora tapa karate hue aura avicala bhAva se anekazaH vighna-bAdhAoM ko sahate hue tathA mRtyu-uparAnta svarga yA mokSa sukha prApta karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai / (7) unameM aneka sthaloM para alaukika, ati prAkRta evaM ati mAnavIya ghaTanAoM kI avatAraNA huI hai| (8) unakI mUla kathAvastu ke antargata prAsaMgika kathAoM ke sAtha hI mAtha kucha aisI ghaTanAoM, antarkathAoM ko bhI niyojita kiyA gayA hai, jo asampRkta evaM aprAsaMgika-sI lagatI haiM; kintu unakA mahattva isalie svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki ve mAnava ko asat se sat kI ora prerita karatI haiM / (8) kathA ke madhya sthala-sthala para choTe-choTe anekazaH nIti evaM upa dezaparaka sthaloM kI sRSTi huI hai| dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika isa varga ke antargata una prabandhakAvyoM ko liyA gayA hai, jinakA praNayana dArzanika athavA AdhyAtmika pRSTha-bhUmi para huA hai / hamAre aneka kaviyoM ne Atmika satya (Atma-darzana) ko sAhitya kA darzana svIkAra kiyA hai / ata: unake kAvyoM meM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA,

Page #108
111 paricaya aura vargIkaraNa mokSa Adi kA nirUpaNa huA hai aura unameM sthala-sthala para virAgamUlaka gItoM kI pratidhvani gUja rahI hai / unameM dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA antarbhAva isa prakAra huA hai ki vaha mAtra dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika vivecana na rahakara kAvya kA eka abhinna aMga bana gayA hai| lagatA hai jaise darzana evaM adhyAtma kA UrdhvagAmI saMsAra maMgalonmukhI rUpa lekara hI kAvya ke rUpa meM isa dharatI para utara AyA hai| vastutaH isa prakAra ke kAvyoM meM Atma evaM anAtma bhAvoM, AtmA kI vividha avasthAoM, zuddha Atma-tattva kI upalabdhi, pravRtti aura nivRtti Adi kI bar3I sundara abhivyaMjanA hai| unameM zuddhAtmA aura saMsArI azuddhAtmA ke prasaMga ko upasthita kara AdhyAtmika bodha ke sAtha laukikatA kA akSa NNa sambandha banAye rakhane kA prayAsa nihita hai| unake praNetAoM ne unameM AdhyAtmika anubhUti kI sacAI ko bar3I mArmikatA se vyakta kiyA hai / unakI AdhyAtmika bhAvanA ne hRdaya ko samatala para lAkara bhAvoM kA sArasamanvaya upasthita kiyA hai| jIvana ke sukha-du:kha, harSa-viSAda, AkarSaNavikarSaNa ko dArzanika dRSTikoNa se prastuta karane meM mAnava bhAvanAoM kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta dvArA aprastuta kA vidhAna sAdhAraNa choTI-choTI AkhyAyikAoM meM kiyA gayA hai / upayukta viSaya se sambaddha racanAoM meM 'cetana karma caritra', 'zataaSTo ttarI', 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'madhu binduka caupaI', 'sUA battIsI' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| ina kAvyakRtiyoM kI sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ adholikhita haiM : (1) mUlataH inakA vivecya viSaya darzana yA adhyAtma rahA hai / (2) darzana yA adhyAtma ke tattvoM kA mAnavIkaraNa kara amUrta bhAvoM dekhie-DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI : hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana (bhAga1), pRSTha 138 /

Page #109
112 jaina kaviyoM ke vrajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ko mUrtarUpa meM isa prakAra citrita kiyA gayA hai ki janasAdhAraNa unheM saralatA se hRdayaMgama kara ske| (3) arUpa kA rUpa-vidhAna karane vAlI zailI meM bhAvoM ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| (4) saMvAdoM kI pradhAnatA hai| (5) ina meM Atma-svAtaMtrya ke nimitta AtmA ko aMdhakAra se Aloka kI ora le jAne kA sarvatra prayAsa hai / aSTa karma, aviveka, rAga-dvaSa, kAma-krodha, lobha-moha Adi Atma-zatra oM para vijaya prApta karAnA hI ina kAvyoM kA uddezya rahA hai| dhArmika aura naitika yoM to hamAre kaviyoM ke adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM meM dharma evaM nIti ke aneka tattva yatra-tatra anusyUta haiM, kintu isa varga ke antargata unhIM ko liyA gayA hai, jo viSaya kI dRSTi se dhArmika yA naitika zreNI meM Ate haiN| kavi kore dharma kA yA korI nIti kA upadeza dekara suyaza kA bhAgI nahIM banatA / ata: vaha apanI abhISTa AtmAbhivyakti ke lie eka viziSTa pariveza kA-sAhitya kI eka vidhA vizeSa kA-cayana kara use prabhaviSNu banAne kA vidhAna racatA hai| isa rUpa-vidhAna ke lie prabandhakAvya vidhA. sAhitya kI anya samasta vidhAoM meM zIrSa para hai / . jaina sAhitya meM dharma yA nIti viSayaka prabandhakAvya aneka haiN| Alocyayuga meM aise bhI kAvya upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM kAlpanika kathA ke mAdhyama se dharma yA nIti ke sArabhUta tattvoM kA nidarzana hai| inameM dhArmikatA kA Agraha hai aura dharma ke AcAramUlaka pakSa para vizeSa bala hai / jIvana ke dhArmika aura naitika pakSa ko udghATita karane vAlI ina kRtiyoM meM mAnava kI AcArAtmaka sadpravRtti, dhArmika rIti-nIti evaM vrata-upAsanA 1. jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi /

Page #110
paricaya tathA vargIkaraNa paddhati Adi kA hI pramukhataH vivecana hai| ina kAvyoM meM yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki mAnava jIvana kA antima aura mahattvapUrNa lakSya zivatva (parama pada) kI upalabdhi hai| isI kI upalabdhi meM hI saccA sukha hai| isa sukha ke lie vicAra kI zuddhatA ke sAtha AcAra kI zuddhatA bhI anivArya hai| mithyAcAra du:khoM kA mUla aura mukti meM bAdhaka hai / hiMsA, vaira, rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, parigraha, kuzIla, corI, asaMyama Adi sabhI mithyAtva ke pratIka haiN| mithyAtva meM bandhana aura jar3atA hai, ataH vaha jIvana ke lie duHkhAtmaka kiMvA abhizApAtmaka hai / isa mithyAtva se bacane aura AtmakalyANa ke lie dharma kA marma samajhanA hogA; satya, ahiMsA, acaurya, aparigraha, kSamA, zIla, dAna, saMyama, brahmacarya, vrata, upAsanA, tapa Adi sadpravRttiyoM ko apanAnA hogaa| yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki isa koTi ke prabandhakAvyoM ko dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika prabandhakAvyoM se bhinna varga meM kyoM rakhA gayA ? uttara meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina kAvyoM meM darzana kI gutthiyoM ko hI nahIM sulajhAyA gayA hai aura na darzana ko korI cintanA yA vicAra jagat hI kI vastu rakhA gayA hai, apitu use upayogitAsiddha kriyAtmaka rUpa dekara vyavahAra jagat kI vastu banAyA gayA hai| yahA~ to darzana kA gUr3ha rahasya bhI vyavahAravAda ke samAja sApekSa rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki ye kAvya eka ora darzana ke sUkSma dharAtala kA sparza karate hue pratIta hote haiM to dUsarI ora dhArmikatA aura naitikatA ke vidheya rUpa ko| isa zreNI ke prabandhakAvyoM meM 'phUlamAla paccIsI', 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'zIla kathA', 'yazodhara carita', 'yazodhara caupaI' Adi ko rakhA jA sakatA hai / inakI pramukha vizeSatAe~ ye haiM : (1) dhArmika yA naitika prabandhakAvyoM kI kathAvastu kahIM sargabaddha aura kahIM asargabaddha hai| (2) unameM vastu-varNana, prakRti-citraNa evaM dhArmika sthala atyalpa mAtrA meM nivasita haiN|

Page #111
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 115 ke lie cayanita kiyA hai, una sabameM unakI dRSTi varNana-vistAra kI ora rahI hai / varNanoM ke niyojana meM hI unakI pUrNa tallInatA evaM rasamagnatA parilakSita hotI hai / kahIM-kahIM ve eka hI vastu ke varNana meM itane tanmaya ho gaye haiM ki mUla kathAvastu pIche raha gayI hai, yahA~ taka ki kathAvastu ke svAbhAvika vikAsa evaM prasAra meM gatirodha kI pratIti hone lagatI hai| kahIM-kahIM varNanoM kI bharamAra se pAThaka ko Uba kA bhI anubhava hotA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki prabandhakAvya mUlata: varNanAtmaka yA vastu-citrAtmaka hotA hai, kintu jaba kisI racanA meM isakI atizayatA dekhI jAtI hai taba vaha varNana-pradhAna kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| isase yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki isa prakAra ke kAvyoM meM kAvyatva, gAMbhIrya, udAttatA, kalAtmaka saundarya Adi kA abhAva hai / isase to itanA hI Azaya grahaNa karanA cAhie ki kAvya kI koTi meM lAne vAle tattvoM kI sthiti to unameM hai; parantu varNanapriyatA kI pravRtti ke kAraNa kavi varNanoM ke vistAra, bAhulya evaM itivRttAtmakatA meM itane kho gaye haiM ki unameM varNana ubhare hue parilakSita hote haiM / astu, aise kAvyoM ko varNana pradhAna prabandhakAvyoM kI saMjJA dI gayI hai, yathA : 'paarshvpuraann'| ghaTanA pradhAna ghaTanA pradhAna prabandhakAvyoM kA svarUpa anya prakAra ke prabandhakAvyoM se bhinna hai| unameM ghaTanAeM pramukhatA liye hue haiM, yahA~ taka ki unameM kahIMkahIM ghaTanAoM kA ghaTATopa bhI dikhAyI detA hai / vahA~ kathAvastu yA pAtroM kA cAritrika vikAsa pAtroM ke kriyA-kalApoM meM nahIM, prAyaH ghaTanAoM ke Akalana meM hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, ghaTanA-vikAsa pAtroM ke samucita kArya-vyApAroM se nahIM huaa| kathA ke Aroha-avaroha, bhAva-gumphana evaM bhAvoM ke ghAta-pratighAta kI nyUnatA ke kAraNa vahA~ ghaTanAeM prabandha kI sataha para tairatI huI pratIta hotI haiN| ghaTanAmUlaka prabandhakAvyoM meM bhAva, anubhUti, saMvedanA athavA saMvegAtmaka sthiti Adi kA saMzliSTa citraNa na hokara eka ke bAda eka ghaTanAoM

Page #112
116 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kI avatAraNA isa DhaMga se hai ki ghaTanA ghaTA kI bhAMti nIce se Upara uThakara pAtroM ke vyaktitva evaM jIvanta kriyA para chA gayI hai; pAtra ghaTanAoM ke pUrje pratIta hote haiM aura pAtroM ke svAtaMtrya ne ghaTanAoM kA bandhana svIkAra kara liyA hai| yahA~ yaha draSTavya hai ki unameM kavi ghaTanA-niyojana aura unake camatkArapUrNa varNana meM hI khoyA hai, manobhAvoM ke sUkSma vizleSaNa meM nhiiN| ___ isa prakAra ke prabandhakAvyoM kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki pAThaka unake ghaTanA vaicitrya evaM vaiziSTya kA hI rasAsvAdana kara sakatA hai, pAtroM ke sAtha pUrNa tAdAtmya lAbha prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vahA~ pAThaka nadI taTa se dUra baiThe hue eka draSTA kI bhA~ti dRzya kA upabhoktA hai, usameM paiThakara lIna hone kA use kama hI avasara milatA hai| 'yazodhara carita', 'yazodhara caupaI' Adi prabandhakAvya isa varga ke antargata liye jA sakate haiM / bhAva pradhAna yadyapi prabandhakAvya viSaya pradhAna yA vastuniSTha adhika aura viSayI pradhAna yA bhAvaniSTha kama hotA hai, phira bhI sAhityika jagat meM 'kAmAyanI' jaisI prabandhakRtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM viSayagata pramukhatA ke sthAna para bhAvAnubhUtiyoM yA antavattiyoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI pradhAnatA hai| __ Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM katipaya kAvya isI prakAra kI vizeSatAoM se sampuTita haiN| jinameM kathAvastu prazasta nahIM hai, vastugata varNanoM kI nyUnatA hai, bhAvAnubhUtiyoM kI sahaja aura sukumAra abhivyaMjanA hai, vANI kI taralatA, snigdhatA aura ekatAnatA hai, bhAvAvezamayI avasthAoM kA citraNa hai, avAdha kalpanA meM asIma bhAvukatA kA sanniveza hai, unheM bhAva-pradhAna prabandhakAvyoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai / . aise prabandhakAvyoM meM buddhi tattva gauNa aura rAga evaM kalpanA tattva hI pramukha dRSTigocara hote haiN| unakI bhAva-rAzi jitanI madhura aura sukumAra

Page #113
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa hai, bhASA utanI hI lalita, komala aura sarasa / unameM darzana, nyAya, vicArAdi tattva atyalpa mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiM, bhAva-mAdhurya caramotkarSa para hai aura kRtikAroM kI dRSTi antamukhI hone ke kAraNa unameM bhAvAnubhUti tIvra tathA ghanIbhUta rUpa meM pragaTa huI hai; yathA-'nemicandrikA', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'phUlamAla paccIsI', 'nemirAjula bArahamAsA saMvAda' aadi| samanvayAtmaka isa zreNI kI prabandha racanAoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai-kAvyagata sabhI tattvoM ke santulita vidhAna kii| jinameM vastu aura bhAva kA, buddhirAga aura kalpanA tattva kA samanvaya hai, ghaTanA aura varNana meM santulana hai, ve samanvayAtmaka prabandhakAvya haiN| udAharaNArtha, 'zIlakathA', 'neminAtha carita', 'cetana karma caritra', 'nemIzvara rAsa' Adi / kAvya-rUpa kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa . kAvya-rUpa ke vicAra se bhI prabandhakAvyoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAnA ucita hai / Alocya prabandha racanAoM meM mahAkAvya bhI haiM, ekArthakAvya aura khaNDakAvya bhii| mahAkAvya sAhitya ke Adima yuga se lekara aba taka kitane hI mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai aura unake svarUpa meM nyUnAdhika antara upasthita hotA rahA hai| vidvAnoM ne yugIna evaM pUrvavartI mahAkAvyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usake svarUpa nirdhAraNa kI ceSTA kI hai, tathApi apane vikasanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa mahAkAvya kisI paribhASA vizeSa meM Abaddha nahIM raha sakA hai| saMskRta sAhitya zAstra meM mahAkAvyaviSayaka prAcInatama paribhASA bhAmaha kI upalabdha hotI hai / tadanantara daNDI, rudraTa, hemacandra sUri Adi AlaMkArika mahAkAvya sambandhI paribhASA meM kucha parivartana evaM parivardhana

Page #114
118 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana karate rhe| Age calakara vizvanAtha kavirAja ne mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa nirdhArita kiye, unameM hameM pUrvavartI sabhI AcAryoM ke matoM kA prAyaH samAhAra upalabdha hotA hai : (1) mahAkAvya sargabaddha hotA hai / (2) usameM ATha se adhika sarga hote haiM, jo AkAra meM na bahuta choTe hoM, na bahuta bdd'e| (3) usakA nAyaka dhIrodAtta-guNa-sampanna eka devatA yA uccakulotpanna kSatriya hotA hai / kahIM savaMza meM utpanna aneka rAjA bhI nAyaka hote haiM / (4) zRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasoM meM se eka rasa aMgI rUpa meM aura ____ anya rasa aMga rUpa meM hote haiM / (5) kathAvastu aitihAsika yA loka-prasiddha sajjana se sambaddha hotI hai| (6) nATaka kI sarva sandhiyoM kA nirvAha hotA hai / (7) caturvarga phaloM meM se kisI eka kI siddhi avazya hotI hai| (8) Arambha namaskAra, AzIrvacana yA vastu-nirdeza se hotA hai / (9) sajjana-suyaza-varNana aura durjana-nindA hotI hai / (10) pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM sarga meM aneka chanda bhI hote haiM / sarga kA antima chanda bhinna hotA hai| sAMta __meM bhAvI kathA kA saMketa hotA hai / (11) sandhyA, sUrya, candramA, rajanI, pradoSa, dina, andhakAra, prAtaHkAla, madhyAhna, mRgayA, parvata, Rtu, vana, samudra, saMbhoga, viyoga, muni, svarga, nagara, yajJa, saMgrAma, vivAha, maMtra, putra aura abhyudaya Adi kA yathAavasara sAMgopAMga varNana hotA hai| 1. vizvanAtha kavirAjaH sAhityadarpaNa, pRSTha 315 se 324, SaSTha pricched|

Page #115
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 116 (12) usakA nAmakaraNa svayaM kavi athavA carita-nAyaka ke nAma ke AdhAra para hotA hai / sargoM kA nAmakaraNa tatsambandhI kathAvastu ke anusAra hotA hai| mahAkAvyoM ke ye lakSaNa thor3e hera-phera ke sAtha rUr3ha aura paramparAgata rUpa se mAnya rahe haiM / kintu mahAkAvyaviSayaka sAmAnya lakSaNoM se adhika usameM mahadanuSThAna kI yojanA, mahaccaritra kA citraNa, yuga-jIvana kA nidarzana aura sAmAjika saMskAroM kI vyApaka abhivyaMjanA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai| uparyukta lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para vivecya mahAkAvya do haiM-(1) 'pArzvapurANa' aura (2) 'nemIzvara rAsa' / anUdita mahAkAvyoM meM pANDe lAlacanda kRta 'varAMga carita', nathamala vilAlA kRta 'jIvaMdhara carita', bakhtAvaramala kRta 'jinadatta carita', sevArAma kRta 'zAntinAtha purANa', khuzAlacandra kRta 'harivaMza purANa', bulAkIdAsa kRta 'pANDava purANa' prabhRti racanAeM mahattvapUrNa haiM / ye kRtiyA~ hamAre pUrNa adhyayana kA viSaya nahIM hai / unakA anuzIlana bhASA-zailI ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina mahAkAvya bhAratIya mahAkAvyaviSayaka adhikAMza lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para pUre utarate haiM, tathApi unameM jaina paramparA kA ubhAra adhika hai| carita nAyaka kA cayana 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM meM se kiyA gayA hai| unameM paurANika evaM romAMcaka zailI kA samanvaya milatA hai / alaukika evaM atiprAkRta tattvoM kA bhI unameM viniveza hai / unakA pramukha rasa zAnta hai / mahAkAvyakAroM kA sArA prayAsa artha aura kAma ke lie nahIM, dharma aura mokSa ke lie hai / kucha kAvyoM meM nAyaka kI pUrva bhavAvaliyoM ke citraNa dvArA kathA meM rocakatA kA AhvAna karate hue Atma-vikAsa kI aneka bhUmiyoM ko nidarzita kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH sabhI meM pApa-puNya, svarga-naraka ke citroM kI bahulatA hai| unameM sthala-sthala para dharmabhAvanA ubharI huI milatI 1. dekhie-DaoN0 zambhunAthasiMha : mahAkAvya kA svarUpa vikAsa, pRSTha 108 /

Page #116
120 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hai / jaina dharma aura darzana ke aneka tattvoM ke vidhAna kA Agraha bhI unameM jhalakatA hai / ekArthakAvya ekArthakAvyarUpa mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya ke bIca kI kar3I hai / sAhitya darpaNa meM vizvanAtha kavirAja ne bhASA yA vibhASA meM racita, sargabaddha samasta sandhiyoM se rahita eka kathA ke nirUpaka padyakAvya ko 'kAvya' kI saMjJA dI / ' unakA yahI 'kAvya' zabda ekArthakAvya hai / 'ekArthakAvya' kI udbhAvanA kA zreya AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ko hai / unhoMne vizvanAtha kavirAja kI 'kAvya' vidhA ko 'ekArthakAvya' kI abhidhA dete hue aisI racanAoM ko mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya ke bIca kI racanAe~ svIkAra kiyA / unake zabdoM meM, 'ekArtha kI hI abhivyakti ke kAraNa aisI racanAe~ mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya ke bIca kI racanAe~ hotI haiM / inheM 'ekArthakAvya' yA kevala 'kAvya' kahanA cAhie / " 'sAmAnyatayA ATha yA ATha se adhika sargoM vAle prabandhakAvyoM ko mahAkAvya aura ATha se kama sargoM vAle kAvyoM ko khaNDakAvya mAnA jAtA hai, parantu yaha vaijJAnika vibhAjana nahIM hai / mahAkAvya vahI prabandhakAvya mAnA jAyegA jisameM mahaduddezya, mahaccaritra, samagra yuga-jIvana kA citraNa, garimAmayI aura udAtta zailI Adi mahAkAvya ke sabhI guNa pAye jAe~ / jina prabandhakAvyoM meM mahAkAvya ke uparyukta lakSaNa nahIM milate, ve cAhe AkAra meM bar3e hoM yA choTe, cAhe ATha se kama sargoM vAle hoM yA adhika sarga vAle, mahAkAvya nahIM mAne jAyeMge / aise prabandhakAvya do prakAra ke hote haiMeka to ve jinameM kisI vyakti ke sampUrNa jIvana kA citraNa to hotA hai, para samagra yuga jIvana kA citraNa nahIM hotA aura na mahAkAvya ke anya sabhI lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM / dUsare ve jinameM jIvana kA khaNDa dRzya citrita hotA hai aura jo kathAvastu kI laghutA tathA uddezya kI sImAoM ke kAraNa vRhadAkAra 1. vizvanAtha kavirAja : sAhitya darpaNa : 6 : 328-329 / AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra : vAGmaya vimarza, pRSTha 14 / 9.

Page #117
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 121 tathA mahAn nahIM bana paate| inameM se prathama prakAra ke prabandhakAvyoM ko ekArthakAvya aura dUsaroM ko khaNDakAvya kahanA ucita hI hai / " vastutaH ekArthakAvya prabandhakAvya kA eka mahattvapUrNa bheda hai / vaha eka aisA kAvyarUpa hai jo mahAkAvya ke guNa - lakSaNoM se pUrNata: pratibandhita nahIM hotA / vaha mahAkAvya ke katipaya guNoM ko sameTate hue nAyaka ke sampUrNa jIvana kA ( samagra yuga jIvana kA nahIM) citra hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI usameM mahAkAvya ke samasta lakSaNa (bAhya) bhI mila jAte haiM kintu usakI antarAtmA meM mahAkAvya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa usameM kevala mahAkAvyAbhAsa hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM 'yazodhara carita', 'yazodhara carita copaI', 'sItA carita', 'zra eNika carita' prabhRti pramukha ekArthakAvya haiM / ina racanAoM meM mahAkAvya ke katipaya guNa - lakSaNa upalabdha haiM / inameM nAyaka ke sampUrNa jIvana kA citra sAkAra huA hai / caturvarga phaloM meM se kisI eka prayojana kI siddhi hI inakA lakSya hai / kathAvastu kahIM sargabaddha aura kahIM asargabaddha hai / aneka sthaloM para dharma yA darzana ke tattvoM kA samAveza hai / khaNDakAvya khaNDakAvya prabandhakAvya kA hI eka aisA rUpa hai jisameM jIvana kA khaNDa rUpa hI citrita hotA hai / isake svarUpa nirdhAraNa kA prayAsa saMskRta sAhitya meM hameM rudra se prApta hotA hai / rudraTa ne prabandhakAvya ke 'mahat' aura 'laghu' do upabheda kiye / ' unakA yaha 'laghu' kAvya rUpa prakArAntara se khaNDakAvya hI ho sakatA hai, yadyapi svatantra rUpa se unhoMne ' khaNDakAvya' kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai / sarvaprathama vizvanAtha kavirAja ne prabandhakAvya ke tIna bheda 1. 2. hindI sAhitya koza, pRSTha 247 // kAvyAlaMkAra, 16 / 5 : 6 /

Page #118
122 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (mahAkAvya, kAvya aura khaNDakAvya) karate hue 'khaNDakAvya' ko eka pRthaka kAvya vidhA svIkAra karate hue use paribhASita kiyaa| unakI paribhASA ke anusAra kisI bhASA yA upabhASA meM sargabaddha evaM eka kathA kA nirUpaka padya grantha jisameM sabhI sandhiyA~ na hoM, 'kAvya' kahalAtA hai aura kAvya ke eka aMza kA anusaraNa karane vAlA 'khaNDakAvya' hotA hai|' hindI ke AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne vizvanAtha kavirAja kI khaNDakAvyaviSayaka paribhASA ko AdhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kara isa kAvya vidhA para vistAra se vicAra kiyaa| unhoMne isake svarUpa nirdhAraNa kI ceSTA karate hue likhA- 'mahAkAvya ke hI DhaMga para jisa kAvya kI racanA hotI hai, para jisa meM pUrNa jIvana na grahaNa karake khaNDa jIvana hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use khaNDakAvya kahate haiN| yaha khaNDa jIvana isa prakAra vyakta kiyA jAtA hai jisase vaha prastuta racanA ke rUpa meM svataH pUrNa pratIta hotA hai| vastutaH khaNDakAvya meM eka hI ghaTanA kI pramukhatA hotI hai / DaoN0 saranAmasiMha ke zabdoM meM 'usakI racanA ke lie koI saMvedanAmAtra bhI paryApta hotI hai / usa eka ghaTanA yA saMvedanA kA citraNa itanI marmaspazitA ke sAtha hotA hai ki usakI laghutA meM bhI pUrNatA evaM prANavattA ke darzana ho sakate haiM / usameM na to mahAkAvya ke bAhya lakSaNoM ke nirvAha kI hI apekSA kI jAtI hai aura na samagra jIvana ke citraNa kI hii| prAsaMgika kathAoM kI yojanA, ghaTanAoM ke ghaTAjAla, pAtroM aura unake kriyA-kalApoM ke bAhulya, vistRta vastu-varNana evaM prakRti-citraNa Adi ke lie bhI usameM avakAza nahIM hotaa| khaNDakAvya kI kathA kA viSaya kucha bhI ho sakatA hai / 'usakA kathAnaka paurANika, aitihAsika, kalpita, pratIkAtmaka-kisI bhI prakAra kA ho 1. sAhitya darpaNa, 6 / 328 : 326 / 2. vAGmaya vimarza, pRSTha 46 / gulAbarAya : kAvya ke rUpa, pRSTha 23 /

Page #119
paricaya aura vargIkaraNa 123 sakatA hai / '' usakA pratipAdya cAhe koI caritra, ghaTanA, paristhiti vizeSa yA koI sAmayika athavA jIvana-darzana sambandhI satya ho, kavi apane vyaktitva kA usake sAtha apekSAkRta tAdAtmya kara letA hai / usakI vastu bhAvAtmaka adhika hotI hai, ataH gItikAvya kI bhAva- pravaNatA aura tIvra anubhUti usameM jitanI adhika hotI hai, usakA prabhAva bhI utanA hI adhika hotA hai / " khaNDakAvyakAra nAyaka ke cayana meM bhI pUrNataH svatantra hotA hai / 'usakA nAyaka sura, asura, manuSya, itihAsa prasiddha athavA kalpita yA zAnta, lalita, udAtta aura uddhata meM se kisI bhI prakAra kA ho sakatA hai / " yahA~ taka ki kuzala kavi eka amUrtabhAva yA amUrta tattva ko mUrta rUpa dekara use nAyakatva pradAna kara sakatA hai / khaNDakAvyaviSayaka uparyukta binduoM ke lakSita hotA hai ki AlocyakAla meM sarvAdhika rUpa meM hI race gaye / unakA nAmakaraNa bhI aneka AdhAroM para huA hai / unameM se adhikAMza meM kahIM samagrataH aura kahIM sthala vizeSa para geya zailI kA sahArA liyA gayA hai / kucha khaNDakAvyoM meM prabandha ke sAtha hI muktaka kA bhI Ananda milatA hai / aneka ' DhAloM' ke prayoga se unameM ramaNIyatA ubhara AyI hai / saMgIta aura sAhityikatA ke sparza se unakA dhArmika dharAtala lubhAvanA bana gayA hai / vAstava meM Alocya khaNDakAvyoM meM viSaya aura zailI kI dRSTi se aneka bhedaka rekhAe~ lakSita hotI haiM, ataH unheM bhI sthUla rUpa se ina vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai : 1. AdhAra para yaha spaSTa pariprabandhakAvya khaNDakAvyoM ke 2. (1) paurANika AkhyAnoM para AghRta khaNDakAvya, yathA- 'nemicandrikA', 'AdinAtha veli', 'pArzvanAtha ke kavitta', 'neminAtha ke kavitta', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemi byAha' Adi / hindI sAhitya koza, pRSTha 248 / DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI : hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pRSTha 51 /

Page #120
124 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (2) vrata kathAoM Adi ke AdhAra para racita khaNDakAvya, yathA'baMkacora kI kathA', 'nizibhojana tyAga kathA', 'zIlakathA' Adi / (3) dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika bhitti para praNIta khaNDakAvya, yathA'zataaSTottarI', 'cetana karma caritra', 'madhubinduka caupaI' Adi / paccIsI', 'suA battIsI', . (4) bhaktiviSayaka, yathA- - ' phulamAla 'jinajI kI rasoI' Adi / (5) vividha - paMcendriya-saMvAda', 'nemi- rAjula bArahamAsA saMvAda' Adi / niSkarSa isa prakAra vivecya kRtiyoM ke paricaya aura vargIkaraNa ke uparAnta hama isa niSkarSa para Ate haiM ki hamAre yuga meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA brajabhASA meM maulika aura anUdita, donoM prakAra ke prabandhakAvya race gaye / inameM se adhikAMza caritAtmaka kAvya haiM / inake nAmakaraNa meM vividhatA dikhAyI detI hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se inameM kucha aitihAsika yA paurANika haiM, kucha dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika aura kucha dhArmika yA naitika / inameM mahAkAvya, ekArthakAvya aura khaNDakAvya, tInoM zAmila haiM /

Page #121
adhyAya 3 prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota

Page #122
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota (ka) prabandhatva prabandha kA svarUpa 'prabandha' zabda meM hI usakA svarUpa samAhita hai / 'prabandha' kA 'pra' viziSTatAbodhaka upasarga hai aura 'bandha' usa tattva kA vAcaka hai jo aneka padyoM meM sambandha-sUtra pirotA hai, unheM paraspara Abaddha karatA hai / padyoM kA yaha bandhana kathA bandhana hai, ataeva 'bandha' eka taraha se kathA kA paryAya- sA ho jAtA hai / prabandha ke lie isa taraha kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA kathAnaka eka anivArya tattva ho jAtA hai / " prabandhakAvya meM cAhe vaha mahAkAvya ho, ekArthakAvya yA khaNDakAvya 'kisI vastu kA zrRMkhalAbaddha varNana hotA hai / usameM Arambha se anta taka kisI prakhyAta athavA kAlpanika kathA kA varNana hotA hai / usakI eka ghaTanA dUsarI se sarvathA sambaddha hotI hai aura kathA ke sUtra meM kahIM bhI vyatikrama nahIM ho pAtA / kisI zRGkhalA kI kar3iyoM ke samAna vibhinna ghaTanAe~ eka dUsarI se milI rahatI haiM aura unake sambaddha hone se hI eka pravAhamayI kathA kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai / prabandhakAvya meM kavi kA dhyAna kathA ke sUtra kI ora hI rahatA hai / 1'3 kintu kevala zRGkhalAbaddha kathAnaka se hI kisI saphala prabandhakAvya kI racanA nahIM ho jAtI / korI itivRttAtmakatA se prabandhakAvya rUpAyita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / usameM rasAtmakatA kI pratiSThA ke binA vaha nirjIva-sA 1. DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI : hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pRSTha 31 / 9. DaoN0 indrapAla siMha 'indra' : rItikAla ke pramukha prabandhakAvya, pRSTha 2 /

Page #123
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 127 pratIta hogaa| ata: usameM mArmika sthaloM kI avatAraNA aura sApekSa vastuvarNanoM kI yojanA bhI honI caahie| prabandha ke nikaSa : AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne prabandhakAvya ke lie tIna nikaSa svIkAra kiye haiM : 1. sambandha-nirvAha, 2. kathA ke gambhIra aura mArmika sthaloM kI pahacAna aura 3. dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA / sambandha-nirvAha koI racanA prabandhakAvya hai yA nahIM, yaha kahane ke lie hameM sabase pahale yaha dekhanA hotA hai ki usameM kavi ne jisa kathAvastu ko cunA hai, usakA nirvAha vaha kisa sImA taka kara pAyA hai / kathAnaka cAhe kaisA bhI ho, usameM AdyopAnta saMgati aura anviti honI caahie| ghaTanA cakra kramabaddha aura usakA ucita nirvAha prabandhakAvya meM apekSita hotA hai / hA~, ghaTanAoM kI saMyojanA meM prabandhakAra eka sImA taka svataMtra hotA hai| yaha saba usakI dRSTi para nirbhara hai ki vaha kisa ghaTanA ko kitanA saMkoca detA hai aura kitanA vistAra; vaha kisa ghaTanA ko itivRttarUpa meM citrita kara yoM hI Age bar3ha jAnA cAhatA hai yA thor3A virAma dekara hRdaya ko ramAne vAle ramaNazIla sthaloM kI sRSTi aura tadnukUla vastu-vyApAra-citraNa karanA cAhatA hai| 'prabandhakAvya meM bar3I bhArI bAta hai sambandha nirvAha' / ' yahA~ 'sambandhanirvAha' se abhiprAya hai 'kathA-nirvAha' / prabandhakAvya taTinI kI bhA~ti apane .. paM0 rAmacandra zukla : hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 164 / 2. paM0 rAmacandra zukla : jAyasI-granthAvalI, bhUmikA, pRSTha 72 /

Page #124
128 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana Adi aura anta ke bIca meM kathAnaka kI dhArA ko lekara calatA hai| usameM kavi kI dRSTi kathA-sUtra aura prasaMgoM ke pUrvApara krama-nirvAha para kendrita rahatI hai / prasaMgoM ke pUrvApara nirvAha ke binA kathA bhagna hotI huI pratIta hotI hai / prabandha kI kathA-dhArA Adi se anta taka kI yAtrA meM kahIM khaMDita na ho, isa bAta para jisa kavi kI barAbara dRSTi rahatI hai, vahI saphala prabandha-racanA ke puNya kA bhAgI bana sakatA hai / thor3I cUka se yadi kathA-pravAha kahIM khaMDita ho jAtA hai to prabandhakAvya kI garimA ko bar3A bhArI dhakkA lagatA hai| prabandhakAvya meM AdhikArika kathAvastu ke sAtha prAsaMgika kathA vastue~ bhI ho sakatI haiM jinakI yojanA mUlata: mukhya kathAvastu ke sAtha tAlamela baiThAkara usakI gati ko yoga dene aura gantavya sthAna kI ora bar3hAne ke lie kI jAtI hai| yadi prAsaMgika vastu mukhya kathA-pravAha meM sahAyaka nahIM hotI to usake antargata jo vRttAnta rakhe jAyeMge, ve asambaddha hoMge aura ve Upara se vyartha Thuse hue mAlUma hoMge, cAhe unameM kitanI hI rasAtmakatA ho|' avAntara kathAoM ke antargata vibhinna prakAra ke upAkhyAnoM meM (jinakA samAveza mahAkAvya meM hI acchI prakAra ho sakatA hai) vibhinna prakAra ke caritoM aura dRzyoM kI yojanA se kAvya meM gAmbhIrya aura gurutva kI vRddhi hotI hai aura sAtha hI pAThakoM-zrotAoM kI autsukya-zAnti aura vizrAnti bhI prApta hotI hai| prabandhakAvya ke racayitA ke sAmane eka mahattvapUrNa kArya aura uddezya hotA hai / isI hetu vaha eka mahattvapUrNa (kAlpanika athavA prakhyAta) itivRtta cunatA hai / isa itivRtta kI saphalatA kArya kI siddhi meM hotI hai| ataH 1. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : sAhitya-siddhAnta aura samIkSA, pRSTha 2. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : sAhitya-siddhAnta aura samIkSA, pRSTha 73 / 3. DaoN0 zambhunAtha siMha : mahAkAvya kA svarUpa-vikAsa, pRSTha 76 /

Page #125
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 129 kavi adhikArika kathAvastu meM cAhe vaha ghaTanA pradhAna ho yA vyakti pradhAna, aisI antarkathAoM ko sthAna de sakatA hai, jinase kathAnaka susaMtulita aura susamanvita banA rahakara kAryAnviti meM sahAyaka ho sake / / kAryAnviti ke binA ghaTanAcakra kA koI mUlya nahIM hotA / yahI kAraNa hai ki kAryasiddhi ke lie kathAvastu Adi, madhya aura avasAna kA spaSTa rUpa dhAraNa karatI huI pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai / kathA ke Adi, madhya aura avasAna meM pUrNa saMtulana evaM sAmaMjasya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isake abhAva meM kArya kA nirvAha kaThina par3atA hai / kathAvastu ke Adi meM kArya kA janma, madhya meM usakA vikAsa aura anta meM usakI pUrNatA hotI hai| mArmika sthala yadyapi prabandhakAvya itivRtta-pradhAna kAvya hotA hai; kintu mAtra itivRttavidhAna se padya-baddha itihAsa kA sRjana ho sakatA hai, kAvya kA nahIM / itivRtta apane Apa meM zuSka aura nIrasa hotA hai, usameM rasapUrNa prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA se hI rasavattA AtI hai| itivRtta prabandha kA sthUla DhA~cA hai, usameM sUkSma prANa phUMkane kA kAma usake ve rasAtmaka prasaMga karate haiM jo kathA ke madhya hRdaya ko ramAne ke lie bIca-bIca meM rakhe jAte haiM / ye rasAtmaka prasaMga hI kAvya ke ramaNazIla yA marmasparzI sthala kahalAte haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne likhA hai, 'jinake prabhAva se sArI kathA meM rasAtmakatA A jAtI hai ve manuSya jIvana ke marmasparzI sthala haiM jo kathA ke bIca-bIca meM Ate rahate haiN| yaha samajhiye ki kAvya meM kathAvastu kI gati inhIM sthaloM taka pahu~cane ke lie 1. AdhikArika vastu bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai-(1) ghaTanA pradhAna aura (2) vyakti pradhAna / jina kaviyoM kI dRSTi kisI mukhya ghaTanA para hotI hai unakA vastu-vinyAsa usa ghaTanA ke upakrama ke rUpa meM hotA hai, jaise- padmAvata, raghuvaMza, buddhacarita Adi / jinakI dRSTi vyakti para hotI hai unameM nAyaka ke jIvana kI sArI mukhya ghaTanAoM kA varNana -~gaurava-vRddhi yA gaurava-rakSA ke dhyAna se avazya kahIM-kahIM kucha ulaTaphera ke sAtha hotA hai, jaise--kumArasambhava, zizupAlavadha aadi| -paM0 rAmacandra zukla : jAyasI granthAvalI, bhUmikA, pRSTha 73 /

Page #126
130 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hotI hai / ' kavi kI dRSTi aise sthaloM para jAkara ramatI hai aura kathA meM rasa-sRSTi ke lie nAnA dRzyoM ko rUpa detI hai / kathA ke madhya sthala-sthala para jo Avazyaka virAma diye jAte haiM, ve inhIM mArmika paristhitiyoM ke cayana ke lie / isa prayojana se kathA meM jo virAma pAye jAyeM, ve kAvya ke audAtya evaM utkarSa ke lie Avazyaka samajhe jAne caahie| kauna kavi apane prabandhakAvya meM kitane mArmika sthaloM kI avalAraNA kara sakA hai, saca pUchA jAye to yahI usake kAvya kI saphalatA kI kasauTI hai / isa kalA meM nipuNatA kA zreya sahRdaya evaM bhAvaka kavi ko hI milatA hai / bhAvuka kavi hI aise talasparzI sthaloM ke antara meM jAkara paiThatA hai, pAtroM ko tadanukUla paristhitiyoM meM DAlatA hai aura unake sAtha apane hRdaya kA sambandha jor3akara tathA mAnava-jIvana kI aneka dazAoM ke sAtha pUrNa tAdAtmya sthApita kara aise bhAva-muktAoM ko cunakara pratyakSa karatA hai, jinakI kAnti na kabhI miTatI hai aura na kabhI phIkI par3atI hai, mAno unakA saundarya zAzvata aura deza-kAla kI sImAoM se pare hai| dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA prabandhakAvya meM jahA~ kathA kA bandhAna aura gambhIra mArmika sthaloM kA vidhAna Avazyaka hotA hai, vahA~ deza (sthAna), kAla ke anurUpa dRzyoM kI yojanA bhI Avazyaka hotI hai / 'jo prabandha-kavi dRzyoM ke sthAna aura unakI vizeSatA ko dhyAna rakhe binA hI varNana kara DAlatA hai, vaha prabandha ke utkarSa . rAmacandra zukla : jAyasI granthAvalI, bhUmikA, pRSTha 66 / __mArmika paristhitiyoM ke vivaraNa aura citraNa ke lie ghaTanAvalI kA jo virAma pahale kaha Aye haiM vaha to kAvya ke lie atyanta Avazyaka virAma hai kyoMki usI se sAre prabandha meM rasAtmakatA AtI hai, para usake atirikta kevala pANDitya-pradarzana ke lie, kevala jAnakArI prakaTa karane ke lie, kevala apanI abhiruci ke anusAra asambaddha prasaMga cher3ane ke lie yA isI prakAra kI aura bAtoM ke lie jo virAma hotA hai vaha anAvazyaka hotA hai| -vahI, pRSTha 75 /

Page #127
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota ko eka bhArI dhakkA detA hai| pratyeka sthAna kI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai, usakA apanA prAkRtika vaibhava hotA hai| isa marma ko bhulA dene se dRzyavarNana ke sAtha anyAya hotA hai|" isa bAhya dRzya-vidhAna kA kAraNa yahI hai ki kavi apane kAvya meM eka aise divya saMsAra kI jhalaka denA cAhatA hai, jo kAlpanika hote hue bhI satya aura vAstavika pratIta ho / yadi kahA jAye ki kAvya vAstavika jIvana kA eka kAlpanika kintu bhavya citra hai, to anucita na hogaa| prabandhakAra pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa, kriyA-kalApa, ghaTanA-vidhAna Adi ke lie jina dRzyoM kA cayana karatA hai, ve kavi kI aisI bhAva-rAzi se maMDita hote haiM ki dRzya-varNana isa sRSTi ke mUrta citra jaise lagate haiM aura bhAvuka kavi ke hRdaya meM ye krIr3ita dRzya bhAvaka ke hRdaya para sthAyI prabhAva chor3ane meM samartha hote haiN| dRzya-nirUpaNa meM kavi ko sajaga aura saceSTa rahate hue aneka bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| sabase pahale to vaha apanI kalpanA meM una citroM yA dRzyoM ko sa~vAratA hai, jinakA ki varNana use abhISTa hai| phira vaha pratyeka dRzya ke vividha upakaraNoM ko eka krama meM sajAtA aura unheM itivRttAtmakatA se bacAkara unameM rasAtmakatA kA puTa detA hai / kavi ina dRzyoM kI yojanA meM sthAna, kAla, prasaMga evaM paristhiti ko bhI dRSTi meM rakhatA hai tAki koI dRzya asambaddha yA anargala pratIta na ho aura vaha hUbahU vaisA hI lage, jaisA ki jIvana meM anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| astu, prabandhakAvya meM dRzya-citraNa isa prakAra kA honA cAhie ki usameM avasthita citra saMzliSTa evaM sajIva hoM tAki ve mAnava-hRdaya ke sAtha sAmaMjasya dikhA sakeM aura bimbapratibimba bhAva grahaNa karA sakeM / yahI kAvya kI saphalatA kA rahasya hai| dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA ke prasaMga meM yaha bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai ki dRzya-varNana pratyeka dRSTikoNa se aucityapUrNa honA caahie| bahuta se kavi dRzya-varNana meM aneka vastuoM kI lambI sUcI denA nahIM bhUlate, cAhe 1. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA aruNa' : vimarza aura niSkarSa, pRSTha 74 /

Page #128
132 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana unase nIrasatA ko prazraya milatA ho yA anAvazyaka prasaMga - vistAra ko / ve samajhate haiM ki isI meM kavi-kauzala kI gu MjAiza hai / para asambaddha vastuoM kI carcA kara vastuparigaNana zailI kI lIka pITanA yA aisI hI dhuna savAra ho jAnA kavi-sAphalya kI kasauTI nahIM hai / isase to artha kI apekSA ulaTA anartha hI hotA hai, prabandha kI rasa dhArA meM vyAghAta utpanna hotA hai aura bhAvaka ko Ubane aura khIjhane kA avasara milatA hai | ataH aise avasaroM para prabandha kavi ko apanI sImAe~ nirdhArita kara lenI cAhieM, bhale hI use naTa- kuMDalI kI bhA~ti kitanA hI simaTa kara calanA par3e / dRzyoM kI citramayI aura kalAtmaka abhivyakti ke lie dRzyoM ke anurUpa sahaja chandoM aura sahaja bhASA kA prayoga apekSita hai / sahaja bhASA hI citra bhASA ho sakatI hai| citroM kI mohakatA ke lie citrabhASA honI cAhie | sArAMza yaha hai ki saphala dRzya-vidhAna ke lie 'kavitA meM kahI bAta citrarUpa meM hamAre sAmane AnI cAhie / " tabhI pAThaka kA hRdaya usameM pUrI taraha rama sakatA hai aura tanmayatA prApta kara sakatA hai / Alocya prabandhakAvya aura sambandha-nirvAha yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki sambandha nirvAha kI dRSTi se sabhI samIkSya kAvya saphala haiM / saphala prabandhakAvyoM meM kathA kA baMdhAna aura nirvAha ucita rIti se huA dikhAyI detA hai, yathA - 'nemicandrikA', 'zIlakathA', 'zreNika carita' Adi / kucha prabandhoM meM kathA kI samucita gati meM avarodha kI pratIti hotI hai aura unameM kahIM-kahIM yA to kathAnaka meM ulajhana kA AbhAsa milatA hai yA vaha TUTa gayA hai, yathA-caritAtmaka paddhati kA 'yazodhara carita' kAvya / kucha kAvya aise haiM jinakI kathA kI rekhAoMmAtra se sambandha kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai, yathA -- zataaSTottarI / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sambandha 1. paM0 rAmacandra zukla : cintAmaNi ( bhAga - 1 ), pRSTha 175 /

Page #129
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 133 nirvAha kI kalA meM kucha hI kavi kuzala kahe jA sakate haiN| isa prasaMga meM thor3A vistAra se vicAra kara lenA ucita hogaa| kavi bhUdharadAsa viracita 'pArzvapurANa' meM kavi kA pratipAdya viSaya hai : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke sampUrNa caritra kA udghATana aura isI hetu usane prabandhakAvya-rUpa kA Azraya liyA hai| kAvya kI kathAvastu nau adhikAroM meM vibhakta kI gayI hai| usakI kathA meM pUrvApara kama kA Adi se aMta taka nirvAha hai| kavi aneka sthaloM para kathAtmaka prasaMgoM ko adhika vistAra dekara aura lambe varNanoM meM ulajhakara bhI sambandha-nirvAha kI rakSA karane meM samartha rahA hai| kahIM-kahIM pAThaka sambandha-sUtra ko TaTolane meM becaina ho uThatA hai / kathAnaka meM bhagna-doSa to pratIta nahIM hotA kintu usake santulana para praznavAcaka cihna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| kRti ke antima navam adhikAra ke lagabhaga tIna-cauthAI aMza kI yojanA anAvazyaka-sI lagatI hai, yadyapi mUla kathAvastu aura nAyaka se usakA sambandha vicchinna nahIM ho pAyA kisI bhI kRti meM nAyaka ke pUrva janmoM kI kathA kI AyojanA pAThaka ke kutUhala-vardhana athavA kAvya ke lakSya saMdhAna kI dRSTi se kitanI hI upAdeya ho parantu isase prabandhAtmakatA ko Thesa lagatI hai| pArzvapurANakAra ne aisA hI kiyA hai| usane kAvya meM nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke aneka pUrva janmoM kI kathA ko sthAna dekara pAThaka ko apane mastiSka para jora dekara kathAsUtra ko jor3ane kA avasara diyA hai, jisase kAvya ke sahaja rasAsvAdana meM vyAghAta utpanna huA hai| prabandha kI saphalatA ke lie yaha prakriyA doSapUrNa na hote hue bhI nirdoSa nahIM kahI jA sktii| phira bhI yaha kahanA anucita hogA ki 'pArzvapurANa' sambandha-nirvAha ko kasauTI para asaphala kAvya hai / eka vAkya meM, vaha katipaya abhAvoM ko 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 35 se 70, pRSTha 33-34 / 2. vahI, padya 2 se 64, pRSTha 76 se 82 / 1. vahI, padya 23 se 241, pRSTha 141 se 166 /

Page #130
134 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana dhAraNa karate hue bhI sAmAnyataH saphala mahAkAvya hai / kavi ne kathA-prasaMgoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI ora dhyAna diyA hai kintu vaha paramparAgata rUr3hiyoM ke moha se pIchA nahIM chur3A sakA hai, phalataH kAvya ke kathAnaka meM pUrNa saMtulana aura kasAvaTa kA AvirbhAva nahIM ho sakA hai| ____ 'pArzvapurANa' kI apekSA 'nemIzvara rAsa' (nemicandra) kA kathAnaka adhika sazakta aura saMtulita hai / usameM harivaMza (yAdava-vaMza) kI utpatti ke sAtha tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke samagra jIvana kA citra samAhita hai| kathA ko ThIka-ThIka vidhi se chattIsa adhikAroM meM saMjoyA gayA hai / kavi anAvazyaka vastu-vistAra aura dIrgha varNanoM se bacA hai aura kathA ko samucita gati dekara usane use saphala DhaMga se avasAna taka pahuMcAyA hai| usakA eka padya dUsare padya se aura eka prasaMga dUsare prasaMga se grathita hai / usakI prAsaMgika kathAe~ AdhikArika kathA ko yoga dene meM sakSama haiN| usameM mahat ghaTanA eka hI hai / vaivAhika velA meM vadhU-pakSa ke yahA~ bArAta kI dAvata ke lie vadha kiye jAne vAle pazu-pakSiyoM ke karuNa krandana ko sunakara binA bhA~vara par3e hI neminAtha sArathI ko ratha vApisa mor3ane kI AjJA de dete haiM / ve socate haiM ki hAya ! eka jIva (svayaM) ke kAraNa itane niraparAdha jIvoM kA saMhAra kiyA jaayegaa| unheM sahasA saMsAra kI asAratA kA bhAna hotA hai / ata: ve saMsAra se vairAgya lekara tapa dvArA kevala jJAna prApta kara bhavyajanoM ko upadeza dete hue nirvANa-lAbha karate haiN| isI eka pramukha ghaTanA para sampUrNa kathA AdhRta hai| nAyaka ke abhyudaya hetu mukhya ghaTanA ko ora apramukha ghaTanAeM gatizIla huI haiM / saMkSepataH kathA meM sambandhanirvAha aura samanvita prabhAva utpanna karane kA guNa sannihita hai / __kavi rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kA sItA carita sambandha-nirvAha kI dRSTi se adhika saphala kAvya hai| vaha sargabaddha nahIM hai, phira bhI usakI kathA meM sarvatra bandha kA guNa samAhita hai| usameM AdyaMta eka padya dUsare padya se sambaddha hai| usameM avAntara kathAe~ aneka haiM aura ve sabhI mukhya kathA ko agrasara karatI haiN| kahIM-kahIM avAMtara kathAoM kI atizayatA se mUla kathA pIche bhI raha gayI pratIta hotI hai|

Page #131
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota ___ kAvya ke sundara gaThana se kavi kI prabandhapaTutA kA paricaya milatA hai / kathA ke madhya usane itivRttAtmaka evaM rasAtmaka sthaloM ko pahacAnA hai| usane kAvyAraMbha kI thor3I-sI paMktiyoM meM sItA ke nirvAsana kI bhUmikA taiyAra kara, kathA ko ThIka-ThIka gati dekara tathA usameM Akalita ghaTanAoM ko pArasparika sambandha-sUtra meM gUMthakara acche prabandha-kavi kA paricaya diyA hai| 'zreNika carita' (lakSmIdAsa) kI kathA adhyAyoM yA sargoM meM vibhakta na hokara cauvana DhAloM meM vibhakta hai| kAvya meM prayukta DhAla aura DhAla ke padya paraspara sambaddha haiN| kathA meM ucita gati hai, kahIM bhI zaithilya nahIM hai| isameM varNanAtmakatA kama aura bhAvAtmakatA adhika hai / vastu-vinyAsa ke AdhAra para kRti saphala hai| lakSmIdAsa kRta 'yazodhara carita' kI kathAvastu kA ucita vibhAjana saMdhiyoM meM huA hai| vastu-vidhAna meM kavi ne prajJAzIlatA kA paricaya diyA hai aura vividha ghaTanAoM ko eka zRkhalA meM jor3akara unheM antima lakSya taka pahu~cAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| phira bhI caritroM kI pUrva bhavAvaliyoM (janmoM) ke kAryakalApoM ke vivecana se aneka sthaloM para kathAvastu jaTila aura bojhila ho gayI hai, jisase pAThakoM ko buddhi kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai aura isa prakAra svAbhAvika rasAsvAdana meM vAdhA upasthita hotI hai / kathA ke bhItara kathA ke viniveza evaM prAsaMgika kathAoM ke Adhikya se pAThaka 1. seTha vasyau pura Ai, ho bhAI seTha basyau pura Ai / tA suta ko pAle doU bhAmini, hitacita te adhikaai|| ho bhAI seTha basyau pura Ai // 440 // dou barAbara prIta moha dhari gode khilAve bAla / aise kaiika dina bItA pAchai seTha khAyau kAla // ho bhAI seTha basyau pura Ai // 441 / / Apasa meM te nArI doU lar3ane lAgI dhAi / eka kahai ii suta dhana merau dUjI kahai mero Ai // ho bhAI seTha basyau pura Ai // 442 // -zreNika carita, pRSTha 31-32 /

Page #132
136 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ko Uba kA bhI anubhava hotA hai| isa prakAra vastu-bandhAna meM kavi ne cAhe kitanI hI satarkatA se kAma liyA ho, kintu usakA saMtulita vikAsa evaM samyak nirvAha vidhipUrvaka nahIM ho sakA hai| kathAnaka kI sthUlatA meM mukhya aura avAMtara kathAoM meM susaMgati bhI kama hI dikhAyI par3atI hai| ___ uparyukta kAvyoM ke atirikta kathA meM pUrvApara sambandha-nirvAha ke prayojana se 'AdinAtha veli' (bhaTTAraka dharmacandra), 'ratnapAla rAso' (suracanda), 'neminAtha maMgala' (vinodIlAla), 'sUA battIsI' (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'nemibyAha' (vinodIlAla), 'paMcendriya saMvAda' (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 'rAjula paccIsI' (vinodIlAla), 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA' (vinodIlAla), 'phUlamAla paccIsI' (vinodIlAla), 'madhubinduka caupaI' (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'zIlakathA' (bhArAmalla), 'darzana kathA' (bhArAmalla), 'saptacyasana caritra' (bhArAmalla), 'nizibhojana tyAga kathA' (bhArAmalla) prabhRti khaNDakAvyapUrNa saphala mAne jA sakate hai / inakI kathAvastu meM vividha ghaTanAoM kA sAmaMjasya dikhAyI detA hai| inameM adhika prAsaMgika kathAoM kI bharatI nahIM hai / aisI kathAe~ thor3I haiM aura ve mukhya kathA se sambaddha aura use Age bar3hAne meM samartha haiM / udAharaNa ke lie, 'zIla kathA' meM dhanapAla seTha ke dvArA eka purohita ke maNimaya hAra ko Thagane aura usake sthAna para jhUThI maNiyoM kA hAra dene kI jo antarkathA AyI hai, vaha mukhya kathA ko gati detI hai aura kAvya ke nAyaka sukhAnanda kumAra ke caritrotkarSa meM sahAyaka banatI hai / seTha kI patnI bAra-bAra usase aisA na karane kA vinamra nivedana karatI hai| parantu mUr3hamati chaliyA seTha .. jaisI ju mana meM tuma vicArI, raMka taisI nA kare / isa bAta meM kachu sAra nAhI, vRthA apajasa sira pare / paradhanasoM dhana kachU hota nAhI, jo likhI nija bhAla meM / sohI mila bharatAra mere, jo udaya hai hAla meM / yaha bAta jo kahU~ bhUpa suna hai, daMDa de hai adhika hii| aru gAMThahU kI dravya jaihai, mAni priya merI kahI / -zIlakathA, pRSTha 8 /

Page #133
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 137 nahIM mAnatA / purohita rAjA se nyAya kI yAcanA karatA hai / rAjA aura usake maMtrI satyAsatya kA nirNaya lene meM asamartha rahate haiM / sukhAnanda kumAra ko isa hetu bulAyA jAtA hai / vaha bar3I yukti se kAma letA hai aura nyAya dilAne meM samartha hotA hai| sAtha hI kavi isa avAMtara kathA ke mAdhyama se seTha ko kaThora daNDa dilavAkara eka nIti tattva ko bhI pratiSThApita karanA cAhatA hai ki sabhI nara-nArI yaha tathya hRdayaMgama kara leM ki dUsare kA anaitika tarIke se liyA huA dhana kabhI ghara meM nahIM TikatA hai : yAteM nara nArI suna lIje, paradhana pa cita na dIjai / nija bhAga likhI so hoI, jAko maiTanahAra na koI / jo nyAyarahita dhana lAhI, nahIM rahai bhavana ke mAhIM / tAteM uttama nara nArI, para dhana chor3o adhkaarii|| isI prakAra 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa) meM eka avAMtara kathA ke rUpa meM neminAtha ke saMsAra-tyAga ke uparAMta unake cacere bhAI kRSNa aura mAtA zivadevI, donoM meM saMvAda karAyA gayA hai / zivadevI kRSNa ko upAlambha detI haiM aura kRSNa usakA yuktiyukta uttara dete haiN| kavi ne isa choTI-sI 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 15-16 / vaisAMdara jyoM ghRta DAro, taiseM bhUpati cita jaaro| turatahi gardabha bulAvAyo, tApa asavAra karAyo / mukha kAlo kara dIno, jAko dIragha daMDa jo diino| phira nagara mAMjha phiravAyo, vAke sanmukha Dhola bjaayo| aise kAma karai jo koI, tAkI aisI hI gati hoI / -vahI, pRSTha 17 5. vahI, pRSTha 17 / 4. kAkI tumase kachu jo nAbanI, mohi khori lagAvahu Ani ho / kAkI ve rAjA ziva dvIpa ke, tIrthaMkara gotra mahAna ho / ziva devyA detI urAhano, rAjA samudavijaya kI nAri ho / bina kAraNa detI urAhano, rAjA samudavijaya kI nAri ho / -nemicandrikA, pRSTha 16 /

Page #134
138 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana prAsaMgika ghaTanA ke dvArA mAtA ke viyogI hRdaya ke udghATana ke sAtha hI sAtha zivadevI, kRSNa aura neminAtha ke zIla vivecana meM sahAyatA pradAna kI hai| 'cetana karma caritra', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' ke padyoM kI yojanA meM pUrvApara krama kA nirvAha hai / ina kAvyoM kI kathAvastu kA saphalatApUrvaka gaThana eka vizeSa paddhati para huA hai / kathAtmaka bandhana meM cArutA hai| 'zataaSTottarI' kAvya kA kathAnaka bahuta vyavasthita nahIM hai| usameM pravAha kama aura sthairya adhika dRSTigocara hotA hai| subuddhi rAnI ne apane priyatama cetana (kathA nAyaka) ko mAyA rAnI se alipta rahane ke lie upadezoM, sambodhanoM eva prabodhanoM Adi ke sAtha bhartsanAoM kI itanI lambI jhar3I lagA dI hai ki kathA meM gatirodha kA AbhAsa-sA milatA hai| Upara Alocya prabandhakAvyoM ko prabandhatva ke eka bindu 'sambandha-nirvAha' ke prakAza meM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / itivRttAtmaka hone ke kAraNa prAyaH caritAtmaka kAvyoM meM dArzanika evaM bhAvAtmaka kAvyoM kI apekSA kathA kA pravAha sarvatra ucita mAtrA meM milatA hai / dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika varga meM Ane vAle kAvyoM meM se 'cetana karma caritra' aura 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM kathA kA sambandha-nirvAha saphala aura 'zataaSTottarI' kA zithila dikhAyI detA hai / bhAvAtmaka kAvyoM ke antargata rakhe jAne vAle 'bArahamAsA kAvyoM' meM kathA kA Arambha aura anta akasmAt ho gayA hai aura madhya vistAra pA gayA hai| Age calakara aba vivecya prabandhoM ko prabandhatva ke dUsare nikaSa ke AdhAra para dekhanA hai ki ve kahA~ taka saphala hue haiN| Alocya prabandhakAvya aura mArmika sthala 'pArzvapurANa' meM yadyapi varNanAtmaka aMzoM ke Adhikya ke kAraNa mAnavahRdaya ke prasAra ke lie virAT bhUmi nahIM mila pAyI, tathApi usameM samUcita mArmika sthaloM kA abhAva nahIM hai / kavi ne kathA meM Avazyaka virAma dekara aise sthaloM ko pahacAnA hai, yathA-rAjA aravinda dvArA marubhUti ke

Page #135
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka - srota 136 4. bhAI kamaTha ko daNDa diyA jAnA, ' bhUtAcala parvata para donoM bhAiyoM ke milane ke avasara para kamaTha dvArA marubhUti kI hatyA, vajraghoSa hastI kA hRdaya-parivartana, rAjA vajranAbhi kA vairAgya, pArzvanAtha ke tapasvI jIvana ke kaSTa aura unameM avicala rahanA' Adi / una sthaloM kA kavi ne sahRdayatApUrvaka varNana kiyA hai / 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM samucita rasAtmaka sthaloM kA vidhAna hai / kathA ke madhya jo virAma Aye haiM, ve inhIM sthaloM kI sRSTi ke lie / mAnavabhAvanAoM, saMvedanAoM, sukha-duHkha ke vividha rUpoM ke antara meM kavi ne praveza kiyA hai aura una bhAvoM ko usane isa DhaMga se pratyakSa kiyA hai ki pAThaka unameM adhika samaya taka DUbane-utarAne ke lie vivaza ho uThatA hai / mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM jaba donoM pakSoM kI senAe~ samara bhUmi meM A khar3I hotI haiM, taba kuntI aura kaNa meM jo saMvAda huA hai, vaha hamAre antatala kI dharA ko chUne meM pUrNa samartha hai / kuntI karNa se kahatI hai, beTA karNa ! tU merA putra hai, maiM terI mA~ hU~ / tU soca-samajha / karNa mA~ ke vacanoM ko sunakara eka sAtha hI harSa aura zoka se vihvala ho uThatA hai / usake antara kA dvandva caramotkarSa para jA pahu~catA hai / usakI AtmA kA~pa uThatI hai / vaha gambhIratA se socatA hai ki maiM mAtA ke sneha ko ThukarA dU~ yA svAmi-bhakti ko / anta meM vaha nirNaya lete hue ru~dhe hue kaNTha se mA~ se kahatA hai-- mAtA suno ! yadi maiM ApakA RNa cukAU~ to svAmI kA RNa mere sira para raha jAyegA / duniyA mujhe namaka harAmI khegii| mujhe kSamA kro| maiM magadheza kA sevaka | ataH Apa jo cAhatI haiM, vaha mujhase nahIM bana sakegA / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 60 se 96, pRSTha 12 | 2. vahI, padya 108 115, pRSTha 14 / 3. vahI, padya 22 se 26, pRSTha 18 / 4. vahI, padya 76 se 83, pRSTha vahI, padya 18 se 23, pRSTha 6. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 817 se 5. 34-35 / 123 / 821, pRSTha 48 /

Page #136
140 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana aisA hI eka mArmika prasaMga aura lIjie / vana meM kRSNa jaratkumAra ke bANa se dharAzayI hI nahIM ho gaye haiM, sadaiva ke lie mRtyu-zayA para so gaye haiM / balabhadra kRSNa ko soyA huA samajhate haiN| ve sahI sthiti se avagata nahIM haiN| ve kRSNa ko 'bhAI-bhAI' kahakara jagAne, jagakara mukha dhone aura jala pIne ke lie kitanI hI bAra pukArate jAte haiN| unakI samasta ceSTAe~ niSphala rahatI haiM, phira bhI unheM santoSa nahIM hotaa| ve socate haiM-bhAI rUThakara sone kA bahAnA kara rahA hai / ataH ve bolo ! bolo !! uTho ! uTho !! dUra se jala lAyA huuN| vIra nidrA kholo ! eka bAra to bolo ! isI prakAra ve aneka vacana bolate hI cale jAte haiM / na bolane para ve kRSNa ko kaMdhe se lagAkara cala par3ate haiN| tabhI ve dekhate hai ki kRSNa ke zarIra se bANa lagA huA hai, rakta kI dhArA baha rahI hai / basa isa lomaharSaka dRzya ko dekhakara ve hAhAkAra kara cIkha par3ate haiM / unakA hRdaya duHkha se phaTane lagatA hai / ve itanA rodana karate haiM ki vana ke pazu bhI apanI A~khoM se azrudhArA bahAne lagate haiN| vastutaH yaha atyanta kAruNika aura mArmika prasaMga hai / balabhadra dvArA sampanna kriyA-vyApAra kisa hRdaya ko zokAkula nahIM karate ? yaha eka aisA sthala hai jisakI tulanA kadAcit kisI anya sthala se nahIM kI jA sktii| kahanA cAhie ki aise hI rasAtmaka sthala mAnava-hRdaya kI komala vRttiyoM ko ubhArane vAle hote haiN| 'nemIzvara rAsa' kI bhA~ti hI 'sItA carita' meM aneka mArmika sthaloM kA viniveza hai / vAstava meM usakI kathA-dhArA ke madhya itane mor3a, itane virAma aura itane mArmika sthala Aye haiM ki una para prakAza DAlanA kaThina hai / usakA Arambha hI hRdaya ko sparza karane vAle prasaMga se huA hai| prajA ke nivedana para rAma gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane ke uparAnta lokApavAda ke bhaya se sItA ko senApati dvArA ghara se nikalavAkara vana meM chur3avA dete haiM / senApati bhI sItA ko vana meM akelI chor3akara asahAya kI bhA~ti 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1226 se 1233, pRSTha 123-24 /

Page #137
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 141 A~sU bahAtA hai / sItA use nirdoSa ThaharAkara vApasa bheja detI hai| jaba vaha akelI raha jAtI hai taba usakI vicitra avasthA ko dhotita karane vAlI ye paMktiyA~ karuNa rasa kA rUpa lekara kAvya meM A baiThI haiM : sItA phirai cahU~ disa bana meM, naika na karai asAsa / kabahU mahA moha ati pUrana, kabahU gyAna vilAsa // sItA karai vilApa, hA ! hA !! karma kahA bhyo| jo nija pote pApa, bhoge binA na chUTiye / / kabahuka duSa bhari roya de, kabahuka hA~sai karma / kabahu Arati dhyAnamaya, kabahu samhArai dharma // ' isa sthala kI marmaspazitA aneka bAtoM para nirbhara karatI hai| sarvaprathama sItA nirdoSiNI hai, dUsare vaha rAjarAnI hai, tIsare vaha sagarbhA hai, cauthe use binA sUcanA ke senApati dvArA rAjamahaloM se nikAlakara vana meM chur3avA diyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM eka durbala nArI hRdaya kA vicitra mAnasika avasthA ko prApta honA bahuta svAbhAvika hai / usakA vikala hokara chaTapaTAnA, viveka dvArA mana ko saMtoSa denA, bhAgya ko kosanA, duHkha se ro denA, dharma kA smaraNa karanA Adi Azcarya kI vastu nhiiN| isI prakAra rAma ke vana-gamana ke avasara kA eka citra dekhiye / isase adhika marmasparzI sthala aura kyA ho sakatA hai ki rAjamahaloM meM palane vAle rAma apane pitA kI AjJA-pAlana ke nimitta moha aura AkarSaNa kI samasta jaMjIroM ko tor3akara acAnaka hI eka lambe kAla taka vanavAsa ke lie tatpara ho jAyeM / rAma to isake lie saharSa taiyAra ho gaye, parantu mAtA kyA yaha kaha de ki beTA tuma bana jAo / lekina mAtA kI AjJA binA rAma vana jA bhI kaise sakate haiM ? isalie ve mAtA se AjJA mAMgate haiN| mAtA yaha sunakara citralikhI-sI raha jAtI hai / vaha 'hA~' nahIM kaha sakatI, vaha 'nA' bhI nahIM kaha sakatI / isa mA~ ke hRdaya kI vedanA kI koI thAha nahIM le sakatA jisakI 1. sItA carita, pRSTha 6 /

Page #138
142 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vANI avaruddha hai, jisake netroM se nIra baha rahA hai / isa hRdaya kI pIr3A ko to vahI jAna sakatA hai jisake hRdaya para aisI bItI ho : naina jharai ati nIra, bainana setI muSa thkii| iha hiradA kI pIra, ihi vyApa so jAnasI // ' 'sItA carita' kA kavi mArmika sthaloM ko pahacAnane meM bhUla nahIM karatA / jisa sthala ke varNana meM use jitanA ramanA cAhie vahAM vaha utanA hI ramA hai / rasAtmaka sthala ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha kalevara meM bar3A ho, yadi do paMktiyoM meM bhI hRdaya ko Andolita karane vAle kriyAvyApAra kI yojanA ho jAtI hai to vaha paryApta hai| aisA hI eka sthala lIjie / laMkA se lauTane para hanumAna rAma ko sItA kI kuzala-kSema kA, usakI karuNAvasthA kA samAcAra sunAte haiN| yaha samAcAra bAra-bAra sunane para bhI rAma ke komala, durbala, anurAga aura moha se bhare hue hRdaya ko saMtoSa nahIM hotaa| ve phira phira kara pUchate hI cale jAte haiM : bAra bAra pUche padama, sItA kI kusalAta / phiri phiri pUcha moha dhari, kahIM-kahI ihi bAta // 'zreNika carita' kI kathA ke madhya kavi kI bhAva-pravaNatA ne aneka rasAtmaka sthaloM ko rUpa diyA hai| ina sthaloM para kavi ne bhAva ko utkarSa taka pahuMcAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| putra-viyoga ke avasara para mAtA ke karuNA-vigalita hRdaya kA yaha citra kitanA mArmika hai : 1. sItA carita, pRSTha 27 / vahI, pRSTha 72 / kautiga kAraNa puratiya nirarSa, rUpa kumara laSi viha vala dhAi / koI rasoI ghara sUno taji, koI daur3I siMgAra chur3Ai // koI choDenija sUta rovatau, lobha para suta lei uThAi / / jyoM-jyoM rUpa kumara ko deSe, haraSa tiya niraSa adhikAi // -zroNika carita, padya 224, pRSTha 30 /

Page #139
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 143 calyo kuvara mAtA sunyau, ati duSa karai nisvAmi / naina jhare, ura Umasa, AkulavaMta udAsi / / to vina sUno mo maMdira kula dIpaka tU bAla / mhAro koI pUrvakrama udai bhayo Aja tatakAla // putra vichoha mujha thakI, saha yau jAhi nahiM mohi / aiso karama kahA kIyau, tAthai kuvara vichohA hohi // mArmika sthaloM kI yojanA ke vicAra se 'zIlakathA', nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'rAjulapaccIsI', 'nemibyAha', 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'neminAtha maMgala' Adi khaNDakAvya acche bana par3e haiM / ina kAvyoM meM aise aneka rasAtmaka sthaloM kA vidhAna hai jo apanI bhAvAtmaka gaharAI ke kAraNa svataH hI hamAre antarjagata ko chUne meM samartha haiM / ina kAvyoM meM AdhikArika kathAvastu ke sAtha pravAhita bhAvaka kI vicAradhArA virAma lekara bhAvAtmaka tallInatA kA anubhava karatI hai| _ 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa) meM kavi kI bhAvukatA ne itivRttAtmaka yA varNanAtmaka aMzoM kI yojanA ko itanA mahattva nahIM diyA jitanA ki rasamaya sthaloM kI yojanA ko / udAharaNArtha, neminAtha kA rAjula ke sAtha pANigrahaNa saMskAra sampanna nahIM ho skaa| isase pUrva hI ve pazuoM ke vilApa se udvigna hokara girinAra parvata para tapa ke lie cale gaye / vihvala rAjula mUcchita hokara dharAzAyI ho gayI / cetanA Ane para vaha bhI unhIM ke pIchepIche ekAkI cala dii| bhAvoM ke laharAte hue prakhara jvAra ko hRdaya meM sameTakara nirjana vana-patha meM calate hue vilApa mizrita usake svara kA Aroha-avaroha, usake dIrgha uccha vAsa aura vana-pakSiyoM Adi ke rodana se AplAvita isa mArmika sthala kI gaharAI dekhie : aho kaMtha kini sunahu pukAra, maiM DUbati hauM dukha kI dhAra / neka na citavata kAhe dhIra, kahA karoM ko harihai pIra // 1. zreNika carita, pRSTha 10 /

Page #140
144 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana saMkaTa rAjA gherI Aya, tApara te tuma lehu chur3Aya / rAjuli duHkha karai hiya tane, roveM paMchI vanameM ghane / / xxx duHkha kaTata hai pantha ko, jo koI dUjA hoya / kumari akelI dukha bharI, saMga na sAthI koya // ' 'zIlakathA' meM kavi ne mArmika sthaloM kI sRSTi meM apanI prabandhapaTatA kA paricaya diyA hai / eka sthala lIjie---pati kI anupasthiti meM manoramA ke caritra para lAMchana lagAkara, ratha meM baiThAkara sArathI ko use vikaTa araNya ke madhya chor3ane kA Adeza de diyA jAtA hai / manoramA ke anunayavinaya karane para sArathI usake mAtA-pitA ke ghara bhI chor3a Ane ke lie prastuta ho jAtA hai; kintu binA bulAI beTI yadi ghara meM AtI hai, to usa para saMdeha kiyA jAtA hai| yahI huA bhii| use vahA~ bhI Azraya nahIM milaa| nidAna sArathI use vana-bIca chor3ane ke lie vivaza ho jAtA hai / vaha rodana karate-karate use ratha se utAratA hai, bhArI mana se vaha calane ke lie hotA hai; parantu karuNA aura moha usakI pada-gati para bandhana kA kAma karate haiN| aura phira bhayaMkara vana ke bIca meM asahAya rotI-vilakhatI manoramA ke vilApa kA yaha sthala kitanA hRdayasparzI hai : seja sukhAsana sovatI, dAsI caMpati pAya / dhUpa tanaka jo dekhatI, vadana jAya kumhalAya / / so to vikaTa araNya meM, baiThI komala nAri / tharahara kaMpai badana saba, rudana kara adhikAri / / 1. nemicandrikA, pRSTha 20 / 2. zIlakathA, pRSTha 36 /

Page #141
145 prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota aba tAhI araNya ke maahiiN| aise jo vilApa karAhIM // hA tAta kahA tuma kIno / mero nyAya nivera na lIno // hA mAta udara teM dhaarii| mokoM navamAsamaMjhArI / / chinameM tuma chor3i daI jU / karuNA nahiM neka bhaI jU / hA bhrAta kahA tohi suujhii| merI bAta kaLU nahiM bUjhI // aiso rudana kiyo bahu tAne / pazu paMchI suna kumhalAne // siMhAdika pazu jo hoI / ati duSTa svabhAvI soI // te bhI ati rudana karAveM / A~sU bahu naina bahAveM // ' isa sthala para kavi kI bhAvukatA aneka dhArAoM meM phUTa par3I hai| yahA~ usakI bhAvukatA gambhIra rUpa lekara ubharI hai / nArI kI viyogAvasthA ko pahacAnane meM usane asAdhAraNa kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai / yahA~ usane pAtra ko aisI paristhiti meM DAlA hai jisase vipralaMbha kI sundara vyaMjanA ho sakI hai| 'neminAtha maMgala' meM eka sthala para aise prasaMga kI udbhAvanA huI hai jahA~ kRSNa aura nemIzvara donoM kA pAvana hRdaya bhAI-bhAI ke prema se bhara uThA hai / kRSNa rAjya-siMhAsana para baiThanA nahIM cAhate aura neminAtha unheM usa para baiThAne ke lie Atura ho uThate haiM : arI taba hari ko sIsa uThAyau hA~ / arI bhAI kU kaMTha lagAyau hA~ / arI gahi bAMha sabhA meM lyAe haaN| arI taba siMhAsana baiThAye haaN|| 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'AdinAtha beli', 'madhubinduka caupaI', 'paMcendriya 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 37-38 / 2. neminAtha maMgala /

Page #142
146 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana saMvAda', 'zata aSTottarI', 'darzana kathA', 'nizi bhojana kathA' Adi khaNDakAvyoM meM mArmika sthaloM kI saMyojanA samucita prakAra se nahIM ho pAyI hai / yadyapi unameM prabandha - zaithilya to dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, parantu rasAtmaka sthaloM kA abhAva avazya hI parilakSita hotA hai / unameM kathA ke madhya virAma bhI nAmamAtra ko hI upalabdha hote haiM / unake praNetAoM kI dRSTi itivRttAtmaka evaM varNanAtmaka pakSoM kI ora adhika rahI hai / Alocya prabandhakAvya aura dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatA 'pArzvapurANa' meM kavi ne prAyaH dRzyoM ke sthAna aura unakI vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara varNanoM kI yojanA kI hai / kAvya meM vividha vastu - varNanoM, jaise dvIpa, nagara, maMdira, samavazaraNa', puruSa - strI rUpa, bAla- zRMgAra, la-krIr3AoM, paMca kalyANakoM, tapa, svarga-naraka, vana-bAga Adi kitane hI hRdayagrAhI varNanoM kA samAveza hai / bAla - zRMgAra - varNana kavi kI kalA - tmakatA se sampuTita hai : bAla 1. 2. tahA~ nagara podanapura nAma / mAnoM bhUmitilaka abhirAma || devaloka kI upamA dharaM / saba hI vidha dekhata manahareM || bAga gRha-pAMti || pura bahubhAMti || tuMga koTi khAI sajala, saghana caupatha cauka bajArasoM, sohai ThAma ThAma gopura lasaiM, vApI kidhoM svarga ne bhUmikauM, bhejI bheMTa anUpa // saravara kUpa // - pArzvapurANa, padya 47 se 46, pRSTha 7 / ka) tIrthakaroM ke upadeza kA sthala / (kha) vividha varana soM valayAkAra / jhalake indra dhanuSa unahAra // kahIM syAma kahiM kaMcana rUpa / kahiM vidruma kahi harita anUpa // samosana lachamI ko ema / dipa jar3AU kuDala jaima // cAroM disi torana bana rahe / kanaka thaMbha Upara lahalahe // 3. vahI, padya 17 se 16, pRSTha 108 / 4. garbha, janma, tapa, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa | - vahI, pRSTha 128 |

Page #143
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka - srota kuMkumAdi lepana bahu liye / prabhu ke deha vilepana kiye // iha sImA isa ausara mA~jha / kidhoM nIlagiri phUlI sA~jha || aura siMgAra sakala saha kiyau / tilaka trilokanAtha ke diyo || manimaya mukuTa sacI sira dharyo / cUr3Amani mAthe vistaryo // locana aMjana diyau anUpa / sahaja svAmidRga aMjita rUpa || mani kuMDala kAnana vistare / kidhoM caMda sUraja avatare // 147 yaha indrANI dvArA bAlaka pArzvanAtha ko alaMkRta karane kA citra hai / bAlaka pArzva rAjaputra hai aura rAjaputra kA ratnAdi bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM se sajAyA jAnA asvAbhAvika nahIM, yadyapi yahA~ indrANI kI upasthiti ke kAraNa alaukikatA kA sanniveza huA hai / avatArAdi kI sevA meM alIfor zaktiyoM kI upasthiti jana vizvAsa ke anukUla hai / ataH ukta dRzya kI prastuti kathA - yojanA, prabandha nirvAha, sthala aura paristhiti se pUrNataH mela khAtI hai | isI prakAra svarga-naraka' ke dRzya kAlpanika haiM kintu loka vizvAsa ke 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 76 se 78, pRSTha 101 / 2. caMpaka pArijAta maMdAra / phUlana phaila rahI mahakAra // caita birachate bar3hayo suhAga | aise suraga rabAne bAga || vipula vApikA rAjaikharIM / nirmala nIra sudhAmaya bharIM // kacana kamala chaI chabivAna / mAnika khaMDakhacita sopAna // - vahI, padya 184 - 185, pRSTha 70 / 3. keI rakta cuvAva tana, vihavala bhAjeM tAma | parvata antara jAyake, kareM baiThi visarAma // tahA~ bhayAnaka nArakI, dhAri vikrayA bhekha / bAgha siMha ahi rUpasoM, dAreM deha visekha || keI karauM pA~ya gahi, girasauM dehiM girAya / pareM Ana durbhUmi para, khaMDa khaMDa ho jAya // dukha soM kAyara cittakari, DhUMr3he sarana sahAya / ve ati nirdaya ghAtakI, ye ati dIna ghighAya // - vahI, padya 176 se 176, pRSTha 42 /

Page #144
148 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana anurUpa unakA eka svarUpa hotA hai / svarga sukhamaya upAdAnoM kA aura naraka vedanA tathA dhRNA kA saMsAra hotA hai| prabandhakAra isa vizvAsa para AdhRta inake svarUpa kI avahelanA prAyaH nahIM karatA hai / isa ora pArzvapurANakAra bhI sajaga rahA dikhAyI detA hai / pArzvapurANa meM Akalita varNana vistRta hote hue bhI rasa ke srota haiN| gajarUpa ceSTAoM evaM krIr3AoM kA dRzya citropama aura sthAnIya vizeSatAoM (lokala kalara) se yukta hone ke kAraNa bahuta hI sarasa bana par3A hai : ati unnata mastaka sikhara jAsa / mada-jIvana jharanA jharahiM tAsa // dIsa tamavarana visAla deha / manoM girijaMgama dUsaro yeha / / jAko tana nakhasikha chomavaMta / musalopama dIragha dhavala daMta // madabhIje jhalakeM jugala gaMDa / china china soM pherai suMDa daMDa // kabahI baha khaMDe biracha beli / kabahI rajaraMjita karahi keli // kabahI saravara meM tirahi jAya / kabahI jala chiraka mattakAya // kabahI mukha paMkaja tori deya / kabahI daha-kAdo aMga leya // ' isI prakAra vana-varNana bhI saMkSipta kintu sarasa hai : ati saghana sallakI bana vizAla / jahaM taruvara tuMga tamAla tAla / bahu belajAla chAye nikuMja / kahiM sUkhi parai tina patrapuMja / / kahi sikatAthala kahiM suddha bhUmi / kahiM kapi taruDArana rahe jhUmi / kahiM sajalathAna kahiM giri utaMga / kahiM rIcha roja vicare kuraMga // yaha vana kA svAbhAvika varNana hai jisakI yojanA paristhiti-nirmANa ke lie kI gayI hai / yahA~ kavi vana ke prAkRtika vaibhava ko bhalI-bhAMti saMjone meM saphala rahA hai / tAr3a-tamAla ke lambe vRkSoM, latAoM se AcchAdita nikuMjoM, sUkhakara gire hue patra-puMjoM, dhUla bhare aura sApha-suthare maidAnoM, vRkSoM 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 5 se 6, pRSTha 16 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 16 /

Page #145
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 146 para krIr3ita vAnaroM, jalAzayoM, uttuMga zikharoM aura vanya pazuoM kI upasthiti dvArA vaha vana kA sahaja evaM samagra dRzya prastuta karane meM samartha rahA hai| prAyaH dRzya prasaMga aura paristhiti ke anukUla evaM sthAnakAlagata vizeSatAoM se yukta haiN| unameM se adhikAMza bhASA kI citrAtmaka zakti se ota-prota haiN| vAstava meM kavi bhUdharadAsa kI varNana-kSamatA adbhuta hai| vastu-varNanoM ko dRzya-rUpa meM sAmane rakhane meM ve bar3e saphala haiN| pArzvapurANa meM pArzvakumAra kI mAtA kI sevA-paricaryA se sambaddha yaha dRzya vAtAvaraNa kI sarasatA kA citra prastuta karatA hai : koI candana soM ghara sIMce, sAre mahala suvAsa karI // koI A~gana deya buhArI, jhArai phUla-parAga parI / / koI jalakrIr3A kara raMja, koI bahubidha bheSa kiye / / koI manidarpana kara dhArai, koI ThAr3I khar3aga liye / / koI gUMthi manohara mAlA, Avai Ana sugaMdha kharI // koI kalapa tarovara soM le, phala phUlana kI bheTa dharI // koI kAvya kathArasa pokha, koI hAsya vilAsa Thavai // koI gAvaM bIna bajAva, koI nAcata sIsa navai // 1. pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 13 / 2. dhArata carana capala ati calai / pahumI kAMpe girivara halai // bhameM mukuTa cakapherI let| tAkI ratanaprabhA chabi deta / / balayAkRti ha vai jhalakai soya / cakrAkAra agani jimi hoya // chinameM eka chinaka bahurUpa / china sUcchama china thUla sarUpa / / chinameM nikaTa dikhAyI deya / chinameM dUra deha dhara leya // china AkAsa mAMhi saMcarai / chinameM nirata bhUmi para karai // -vahI, padya 118 se 120, pRSTha 107 / 3. vahI, padya 150 se 153, pRSTha 11 /

Page #146
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kavi ne aneka sthaloM para lambe varNanoM kA bhI Azraya liyA hai|' vaha vana kA varNana karate hue nAnA prakAra ke per3a-paudhoM ke nAma ginAne meM itanA tanmaya ho gayA hai ki usane prAkRtika garimA ko hI bhulA diyA hai : 150 4 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM aneka vastu-varNanoM kA viniveza hai / vastu-varNana prAyaH saMkSipta aura sarasa haiM / nagara, vana, janma, vivAha, zakuna, tapa, svapna,' yuddha Adi ke varNana sundara bana par3e haiM / kintu kahIM-kahIM kucha dRzya svAbhAvika kama aura rUr3ha adhika dikhAyI dete haiM / udAharaNa ke lie kRSNa ke bAlasvarUpa varNana meM kavi kA dhyAna bAlaka ke sUkSma citraNa ke sthAna para mukuTa, pItAmbara, karNa - kuNDala, vaMzI evaM gopikAoM se ghirI huI avasthA meM nirdezita karane kI ora rahA hai / parantu aise varNana thor3e haiM / kucha dRzyoM kI yojanA meM kavi ne maulika dRSTi se kAma liyA hai / kRSNa kI ora daur3ate hue kAliyA nAga kI vikarAlatA kA yaha citra rUpa prastutIkaraNa meM sahAyaka hai : 1. 2. pAkara pIpala pUga priyaMga | pIlU pATala pAr3ha pataMga || gauMdI gur3ahala gUlara jAna / gAMDara guMjA gorakha pAna // paMcA cIr3ha ciroMjI phalI / candana cola camelI bhalI // jaMDa jaMbhIrI jAmana koTa / nIma nAriyala hIMsa hiMgoTa || sonA sIsama seMmala sAla / sAlara sirasa sadA phalajAla // bA~sa babUla bakAyana bera / beta baher3A bar3ahala pera // mahuA maulasirI macakuMda / maruvA mokhA karanA kunda // tUta tabalani tIMdU tAla / tagara tilaka tAlIsa tamAla // (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 65 se 123, pRSTha 128 se 133 / (kha) vahI, padya 24 se 260, pRSTha 141 se 168 / pArzvapurANa, padya 40 se 43, pRSTha 79-80 / 3. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 360, pRSTha 360 / 5. 4. vahI, padya 834-35, pRSTha 48 / vahI, padya 624- 27, pRSTha 36-37 / 6. vahI, padya 148 - 46 pRSTha 10 /

Page #147
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota nAga jagAyo nAginI, jANika sanamuSa Ayau kAla to| viSa kI jvAlA rAlato, Ayo jaba deSyo gopAla tau ||raas0|| kAvya ke yuddhaviSayaka varNana bhI adhika sajIva haiM : raNa bherI bAjI tahA~, dou senA sanamuSa Aya tau| Apasa meM jhUjhaNa lagI, caturagi senA sanamuSa jAya tau ||raas0|| gaja setI gaja AbhiDyA, ghur3alA syoM dhur3alA kI mAra to| ratha setI ratha hI lar3e, paidala metI paidala sAra tau ||raas0|| 'sItA carita' meM Akalita dRzya saMkSipta aura sarasa haiN| usameM citroM ke vidhAna meM navyatA kA paripArzva hai / dUsare zabdoM meM vahA~ rUr3ha varNanoM ke parityAga meM bhI navInatA kI jhalaka hai| kavi ne kAvya meM nIrasatA-yukta lambe varNanoM ko sthAna na dekara kevala una saMtulita varNanoM ko sthAna diyA hai, jinakI paristhiti-saMyojanA, vastu-vikAsa, tIvra bhAvAnviti evaM rasavattA ke lie anivAryatA thii| sItA ko nirvAsana se pUrva svapna dikhAyI detA hai; usa zubhAzubha svapna aura usake phala kA varNana kavi ne tIna chandoM meM samApta kara eka vizad paristhiti, eka vizeSa bhAva aura eka vizeSa pariveza kI sarjanA kara dI hai / anyathA adhikAMza Alocya prabandhoM meM isa paddhati ke svapnavarNana lambe aura rUr3higrasta haiM / nagara, kuTiyA, mandira Adi kRtrima vastu-varNanoM kA kAvya meM abhAva hai / prakRti-varNana saMkSipta haiM aura unakA varNana eka vizeSa paddhati para huA hai / prakRti aura mAnava donoM ekAkAra hokara cale haiM : 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 131, pRSTha 6 / vahI, padya 842 se 844, pRSTha 46-50 / 5. sItAcarita, pRSTha 2 / 4. dekhie-pArzvapurANa, padya 63 se 127, pRSTha 85 se 88 /

Page #148
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 153 sIghara hI tIjo bANa liyo kara tAMNa ke| kavaca phoDi guNa tor3i SatA avasANa ke // taba salesa samhAri krodha bahutai bhyo| mAryo muSa meM bANa sAMsa ko le gyo|| (kha) vibhiSana rAvaNa bhir3e par3e bANa bahu bheda / tarje bANa daunyU tahA~, bANa bANa ko cheda // 'zreNika carita' meM vastu-varNana prAyaH saMkSipta aura kSipra haiN| yaha saca hai ki lambe-lambe varNanoM meM vaha rasamayatA nahIM hotI jo saMkSipta aura sAragarbhita varNanoM meM hotI hai / kRti meM apanI sthAnagata vizeSatAoM se yukta vivAha kA dRzya manohArI bana par3A hai : raci maMDapa vedI subhaga, toraNAdi subha sAja / kanyA tilakAvatI tano, mANDyo byAha samAja // bAjina bahukAminI gAveM maMgalAcAra / upazrInika kanyA dou joDyA kara vidhisAra / deva agni dvija sASi jala, kanyAdAna pradhAna / bhayo byAha haraSata svajana, vastrAbharana maMDAna // kumAra kI sahAyatA se rAjA dvArA nyAya kiye jAne kA dRzya bhI aneka vizeSatAoM se yukta aura mArmika hai : melyo mahimeM kumara Age kahai kumAra muSa bhAsi / hAtha churo le doi karo ina bAMTau barAbara tAsi |ho bhaaii0|| yo suta merau nahIM kumara jI, vasudattA hai dAni / hU~ yoM hI jhagar3e thI pApini, Adho Adhi na karAni ho bhaaii|| suta dhana sagalo inahai sauMpyo, suni jAni bahubAta / e suta lhaurI tiya ko nizcai, dhana suta tAhe dAta ho bhaaii0|| 1. sItA carita, pRSTha 76 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 82 / / 5. zroNika carita, pRSTha 6 / 1. vahI, pRSTha 32 /

Page #149
154 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ___isI prakAra kAvya meM nArI-rUpa-varNana,' tapa-varNana, pUjA-varNana' Adi bhI lalita haiN| _ 'yazodhara carita' ke kathA-vidhAna meM vyatireka hote hue bhI vAtAvaraNa, pIThikA evaM paristhiti se sambaddha vividha varNanoM kI ucita saMyojanA se vastu-vyApAra-varNana jIvanta pratIta hote haiN| mUla kathAvastu para Ane ke lie kavi ne kAvyAraMbha meM jambU dvIpa, bharatakSetra, AryakhaNDa evaM jodhadeza kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| jodhadeza ke vyApaka varNana ke prasaMga meM gar3ha, khAI, zikhara, bhavana, dhvajA Adi kA bhI varNana eka hI zRMkhalA meM huA hai| nagara-nivAsiyoM kA varNana viziSTa zailI meM huA hai| rAja-prAsAda varNana tatkAlIna kalA-saundarya priyatA kI acchI jhalaka prastuta karatA hai : ratana kAMti bhItana ko sAra / ujjala ati saubhai aMtarAra // ratana jar3ita dharaNI abikAra / dUje SaNi car3hi haraSi apAra // tahA~ sahelI gUtheM phUla / mAlA hAra banA thUla // tAhi subAsa adhika phailAya / gUja karai SaTapada adhikAya / / tIja SaNa car3hi bhUpa pravAna / phaTaka rAga maNimaya sopAna // juvatI jana jahiM krIr3A kare / mahilA adhika sobhA kauMdhare / / cauthe mahala gayo bhUpAra / harita ratana maya sobhA sAra / / suvA kI paMkati so huI / baina sabai ke mana mohii|| prastuta kAvya meM jIvana aura jagat se sambaddha itane adhika varNanoM kA sanniveza huA hai ki unakI gaNanA karanA kaThina hai| mAlava deza ke 1. zreNika carita, padya 24, pRSTha 3 / 2. vahI, padya 1210 se 1218, pRSTha 82-83 / 3. malinAtama koI nahIM hai / hai to tiya kesa sahI hai / / jana mAMhina pAtana naahiiN| hai dhAta sAra suta mAMhI / / bhrama nAma jahA~ na kahAvai / narAM ke vibhrama bhaavai|| -yazodhara carita, saMdhi 1 / * yazodhara carita, saMdhi 3 /

Page #150
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 155 samIpastha vana-varNana meM kavi hRdaya khUba ramA hai parantu use prakRti ke suramya, madhura evaM komala pakSa ne hI adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai : jahA~ dASa Adika phala sAra / arani viSa upaja adhikAra // caMpaka phUlyA loMga asoka / tilaka kusuma mohai saba loka // kamala parAga manohara jahAM / SaTapada gujata hariSita tahAM / krIr3A haMsa kareM adhikAya / pada pada Upara sobhai bAya // devI-maMdira ke varNana meM vali-vedI ke citra kI suspaSTa jhalaka hai| pratimA-varNana meM bimba evaM raMga-yojanA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| nArI-rUpa ke citraNa meM kavi kI kalpanA manohara hai| usameM usake mAMsala saundarya kI jhalaka hai / mAnava ke kriyA-kalApoM, mudrA evaM ceSTAoM kA varNana bhI aneka 1. yazodhara carita, saMdhi 2 / devI ko thAna duSa rAsi / asva mAMsa jAke cahu pAsi // rudhira taNI nadI sama bhai| jahA~ kAka krIr3ata duSa lahai / giradhara paMSI Avai jhaaN| mAMsa suvAda taNa basi tahAM / / cau giradA sira mAlA parI / naraka taNI bhuva sama duSa bharI / / bAjani ko ati hI jita sora / kAni paryo suNi je nahIM sora // -yazodhara carita, saMdhi 1 / 3. vahI, sadhi 1 / 4. jAhi sarIra subhA laSi ke mani hema taba isa bhAMti upaaii| pAvaka meM kari ke paravesa upAva karU tana kAMti aghAI // aiso vicAra karo kina hATa kaI hita bAta kahau kinipaaii| amritadevi kiyau subha pUraba tAte bhaI tani rUpa subhAI // X amritamatI ke baina kokila sune lajAya taba bana mAMhi jAya kAnana hI meM rhii| ubhaya payodhara cakora deSi muSa canda, AnandatA pAya bhinnatA bhaye kabhu nhiiN| -yazodhara carita, pRSTha 82 / X

Page #151
156 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana sthaloM para huA hai| aise varNanoM se jahA~ eka ora vastu kI samucita gati meM yoga milA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora kAvya kA antaH evaM bAhya-donoM prakAra kA saundarya dviguNita huA hai / chadmaveSI sAdhu kA varNana avalokiye : bhasamI jaMga lagAya kai, jatanI kaMthA dhAri / bhAMga pIya kari ghUmato, pAkhaMDyA saradAri // usameM anyAnya aneka varNanoM kA viniveza hai| vRddhAvasthA, janmotsava, guru, muni, saMyoga-viyoga, pApa-puNya, kAma-bhoga, virAga, hiMsA-ahiMsA, saMsAra kI nazvaratA, tapa Adi ke varNana dekhe jA sakate haiN| inake atirikta 'cetana karma caritra,' 'nemibyAha,' 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'madhubinduka caupaI', 'zIlakathA', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'sUA battIsI', 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla) prabhRti khaNDakAvyoM meM niyojita dRzya prAyaH lAvaNyamayI haiN| 'nemibyAha' meM dulahA neminAtha ke rUpa zRMgAra-mAdhurya kA yaha citra kitanA saTIka hai / isakI citrAtmaka zakti spRhaNIya hai : mora dharau dUlaha ke kara kaMkaNa bAMdha daI kasa DorI / kuDala kAnana meM jhalakeM ati bhAla meM lAla virAjata rorI // motina kI lar3a zobhita hai chabi dekhi lajeM vanitA saba gorI / / lAla vinodI ke sAhiba ke mukha dekhana ko duniyA uTha daurI // 'cetana karma caritra' meM yuddhaviSayaka adhika varNanoM kA samAveza huA hai / yuddha kA kAraNa, dUta-kArya, maMtraNA, samara-taiyArI, vijaya-lAlasA, morcA, raNa-tUrya-vAdana, cakravyUha-racanA, raNanItivijJa vIroM kA utsAha, avasaro 1. yazodhara carita, pRSTha 6 / 2. nemibyAha /

Page #152
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka - srota 157 cita astra-zastroM kA prayoga, vijayollAsa Adi se sambaddha aneka dRzyoM ko ThIka vidhi se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / " 'zIlakathA' ke adhikAMza varNana saMkSipta aura calate hue haiM / unameM kavi kI dRSTi saMzliSTa citra prastuta karane meM asamartha rahI hai / phira bhI katipaya dRzya citrAtmaka haiM : ati vikaTa araNya maMjhAra | baiThI komala aMga sunAra 1 hAM to vRkSa saghana ati hoya / hAthoM hAtha na dIkhe koya // kahIM siMhagana karata DakAra / kahUM nAga phuMkarata apAra / roja rIcha dala phirate ghane / tAko bhaya jo kahata na bane // guphA kahIM pAtAlamaMjhAra / kahUM gira UMce ati adhikAra / 'neminAtha maMgala' kAvya meM varNanoM kA prAcurya hai / ye varNana kore varNana nahIM haiM / ina varNanoM meM loka tattva apane pUre saundarya ke sAtha ubhara kara AyA hai | hamArA hRdaya inameM ramatA hai aura mugdha ho uThatA hai / vivAhaviSayaka katipaya citra prastuta haiM : 1. hAM / arI phUlana kI pAri jhArI hAM // arI maSamala ke jIna banAye hAM / arI kuMdana so jarita jarAye hAM // (ka) arI aba ghore sarasa banAye (ka) cetana karma caritra, padya 42, pRSTha 56 / (kha) vahI, padya 165, pRSTha 71 / (ga) vahI, padya 168-66, pRSTha 72 / 2. bhramato bhramato vaha Ayo / saba kauzala deza maMjhAyo || nagarI vijayaMtI maaNhii| Ayo tatachina so tahAMhI // taha dekhi nagara sukhakArI / mano svargapurI avatArI // eg mAnika motI jhalakeM / kahu~ motina jhAlara jhalakeM // vahI, pRSTha 36-37 1 - zIlakathA, pRSTha 7 /

Page #153
158 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kuMdana so jarita jarAi rASe hemanAla mar3hAiyA / Ana dvAre kare ThAr3he nema kumara car3hAiyA || bAje nisAna mRdaMga Dholaka bhera turI dasa disA jhaSa bAMdhi rArSa ghora purahi sahanAiyA / lagAiyA || (kha) arI koI suraMga turaMga nacAvai hAM / arI koI hAthIna pai car3hi cAle hAM // arI koI ratha Upara sohai hAM / arI koI gaja Upara jagamohai hAM // 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM vizeSatA saMvAdoM kI hai / usameM vastu vyApAravarNana abhAvagrasta haiM / usakI kathAvastu kA vikAsa bhI prAyaH saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se huA hai / adhikAMza saMvAda saMtulita aura prasaMgAnukUla haiM / unameM vastI hai aura vastu sthiti para prakAza DAlane kI kSamatA hai / kintu kucha varNana asaMtulita aura balapUrvaka vyartha Upara se ThU se hue pratIta hote haiM / aise varNanoM meM varNana Age aura dRzya poche raha gaye haiM, sAtha hI kathAvastu sahaja vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiM / dRzyoM kI sthAnagata vizeSatAoM ke saMdarbha meM uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki unameM donoM hI prakAra ke varNanoM (maulika aura rUr3ha) kA sanniveza huA hai / maulika dRzya prAyaH hRdayasparzI haiM / rUr3ha varNanoM meM maulika dRzyoM jaisI kavi kI sUkSma grAhiNI zakti kA sphuraNa dikhAyI nahIM detA hai / adhikAMzataH donoM hI prakAra ke dRzya upayukta aura paristhitijanya haiM, kathA-vikAsa aura prabandha nirvAha meM sahAyaka haiM / rUr3ha varNana cAhe sthUlatA lie hue haiM, lekina Upara se cipakAye hue-se pratIta nahIM hote, 1. neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 3 / 4. (ka) paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 54 se 65, pRSTha 244 / (kha) vahI, padya 96 se 107, pRSTha 247-48 /

Page #154
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka - srota 15e yadyapi unameM maulika varNanoM jaisI mArmikatA nahIM hai / adhikatara kAvyoM meM prAkRtika dRzyoM kA samAveza virala rUpa meM hI upalabdha hotA hai / niSkarSa prabandhatvakI parIkSA ke uparyukta mAnavadaNDoM ke AdhAra para 'nemicandrikA' ( AsakaraNa ), 'nemicandrikA' ( manaraMgalAla ), 'rAjula paccIsI', 'sItAcarita', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'ratnapAla rAso', 'zIlakathA', 'neminAthamaMgala', "nemibyAha', 'pArzva - purANa', 'zreNika carita' Adi prabandhakAvya prAya: pUre utarate haiM / 'yazodhara carita', 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'cetanakarma caritra', 'darzana kathA', 'AdinAtha veli', 'paMcendriya-saMvAda' Adi kAvyoM meM yadyapi mArmika sthaloM kA abhAva hai, phira bhI unake saphala prabandhatva para prazna-cihna nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA / isI prakAra 'zataaSTottarI', 'nemirAjula bArahamAsA saMvAda' Adi kAvyoM kA kathAtmaka saMgaThana uttama koTi kA na hone para bhI unakA prabandhatva akSuNNa rahA hai / (kha) kathAnaka - srota Alocya kAvyoM ko prabandhatva kI parIkSA ke AdhAra para dekha cukane ke uparAnta unake kathA-srota para bhI vicAra kara lenA ucita hogA / isa prasaMga meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prabandha kI sAmagrI nayI honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, usakI yojanA meM navInatA kI AvazyakatA hai / yadi kavi prabandhapaTutA se kAma le to eka hI kathAnaka ko lekara kitane hI saphala prabandhakAvyoM kI sarjanA sambhava hai | hamAre kaviyoM ne apane kAvyoM ke kathAnaka - srota aneka sthAnoM se grahaNa kiye haiM / unhoMne prAya: prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza ke jaina prabandhakAvyoM, purANoM, kathA- koSoM evaM aihika itivRttoM se AkhyAna, kunda- kunda, samantabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, nemicandra, hemacandra Adi ke viziSTa, granthoM se jIvanadarzana; jaina stotra - stavana, dazabhakti aura hindI ke bhaktikAla se bhaktistuti tattva tathA rItikAla se alaMkaraNa tattva grahaNa kara kAvya kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA hai / +

Page #155
160 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isa kAla ke kucha kavi aise haiM jinhoMne purAtana kAvya-sAhitya se AkhyAna grahaNa kara 'nadyAnavaghaTejalam' kI kiMvadantI ke anusAra maulika prabandhakAvya prastuta kiye haiM / unhoMne purAtana AkhyAnoM meM rItiyugIna kalA evaM saMskRti ke tattvoM kA adbhuta mizraNa kara tathA unameM maulika udbhAvanAoM ko saMjokara atIta ko vartamAna ke sA~ce meM DhAla diyA hai| ina kaviyoM meM se kucha ke kAvya aise haiM, jinakI kathAvastu kAlpanika hai aura jo unake samakAlIna kaviyoM yA pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke kAvyoM kI zailI ke AdhAra para race gaye haiN| hameM isI kAla meM aise bhI jaina kavi dikhAyI dete haiM jinhoMne adhikAMzataH saMskRta ke prabandhakAvyoM kA kevala chandobaddha anuvAda brajabhASA meM - kara diyA hai| kathAnaka-srota kI dRSTi se Alocya kRtiyoM ko kucha vargoM meM rakha lenA ucita hogA: 1. aitihAsika yA paurANika; 2. dhArmika yA naitika; 3. dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika; 4. anUdita aitihAsika yA paurANika isa zreNI ke kAvyoM-'pArzvapurANa', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'neminAtha carita', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'zreNika carita' Adi ke kathA-srotoM ko dekhane ke lie hameM pUrvavartI itihAsa-purANa viSayaka racanAoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| inameM jainoM ke prAyaH triSaSThizalAkA puruSoM ke caritra ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai / inakI kathA kI pRSThabhUmi mUlataH aisI hI kRtiyoM meM. dekhI jA sakatI hai|

Page #156
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka srota 'pArzvapurANa' ke nAyaka teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha haiN| unake jIvanavatta ke AdhAra para havIM zatAbdI se lekara 17vIM zatAbdI taka aneka bhASAoM meM aneka kRtiyoM kA praNayana hotA rahA / isa dizA ke jinasena kRta 'pArvAbhyudaya', zIlaMkAcArya kRta 'caupanna mahApuruSa cariyaM, vAdirAja kRta 'pArzvanAtha carita', padmakIrti kRta 'pAsaNAha cariu' ke alAvA mANikyacandra sUri, bhAvadeva sUri, sarvAnanda, merutuga, sakalakIrti, padmasundara, hemavijaya, candrakIti, vinayacandra, udayavIra gaNi prabhRti kaviyoM ke kAvya ullekhanIya haiN| kavi bhUdharadAsa ne 'pArzvapurANa' ke kathA-srota ke lie apanI pUrvavartI racanAoM meM se kisI eka ko pRSThAdhAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / isa kAvya kA kathAnaka paramparA se bahuta dUra haTakara nahIM calA hai / usakA itivRtta nizcita hI paurANika hai aura usameM purANa kAvyoM kI vizeSatAeM samAviSTa haiM, kintu usakI vyavasthA nayI hai, usakA pariveza nayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa kAvya kA kathAnaka pUrvavartI kAvya-paramparA se mela khAtA hai, lekina usakI ghaTanAvalI kI yojanA nayI hai aura usameM aneka sthaloM para navIna udbhAvanAoM ko prazraya milA hai| kavi nemicandra dvArA 'nemIzvara rAsa' kA kathAnaka svayaM kavi ke zabdoM meM 'neminAtha purANa' evaM 'harivaMza purANa' se grahaNa kiyA hai / isa kAvya ke kathAnaka meM ukta donoM racanAoM kA saMkSipta sAra samAhita hai| isake praNayana meM kRtikAra ne apanI svataMtra pratibhA aura maulika sUjha se kAma liyA hai| yaha gIti-zailI meM racA gayA hai jisameM sthala-sthala para kavi kI anubhUti kI tIvratA ubhara AyI hai| yaha kAvya kavi kI abhinava cintanAzakti kA pratIka hai| ajayarAja pATanI viracita 'neminAtha carita' ke kathAnaka-srota kA patA lagAnA kaThina hai kyoMki isameM nAyaka neminAtha ke jIvana kI atyanta mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ko Akalita kiyA gayA hai aura ye ghaTanAe~ prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI Adi bhASAoM kI prAya: sabhI racanAoM meM prakArAntara se upalabdha ho jAtI haiM, yathA-'caupanna mahApuruSa cariyaM'

Page #157
162 jaina kaviyoM ke vrajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (zIlaMkAcArya), 'neminAha cariyaM' (maladhArI hemacandra), 'neminAtha carita' (sUrAcArya), 'neminAtha carita' (sakalakIti), 'nemIzvara rAsa' (brahmarAyamalla) aadi| kintu vivecya kRti ke praNetA kA prayAsa ina ghaTanAoM ke saMkSiptIkaraNa ke sAtha hI inameM bhAvAtmaka pratiSThA kI ora rahA hai / usakA Arambha bhI nATakIya DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), ina donoM kA kathAnaka prakhyAta hai| inameM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke caritra para adhika marmasparzitA se prakAza DAlane vAle prasaMgoM-vivAha, vairAgya aura rAjula ke viyoga ko adhika vistAra diyA gayA hai| ina donoM racanAoM ke kathAnaka paramparAgata hote hue bhI maulikatA se ota-prota haiM aura inameM unake praNetAoM ke prANoM kA spandana rasa kA srota banakara pravAhita huA hai| vinodIlAla kRta "rAjula paccIsI' kI kathAvastu 'mizra' zreNI ke antargata AtI hai / yadyapi isake kathAnaka kA mUla bindu paurANika hai, kintu usameM kalpanA tattva kI pracuratA hai / usase pUrva ke kisI kAvya meM neminAtha kI priyA rAjula ko nArI nAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara usake caritra ko itane utkarSa taka nahIM pahuMcAyA gayA / rAjula ko isa rUpa meM citrita karane kA zreya kavi vinodIlAla ko hI hai jinhoMne rAjula ko nArI jAti kA zirobhUSaNa banA diyaa| isa kRti meM kavi ne AdyaMta gIti zailI kA Azraya lekara aura bhAvAtmaka gaharAI dekara adbhuta ramaNIyatA bhara dI hai| yaha kAvya kavi kI maulika sRjana kI kSamatA kI sAkSI detA hai| isI kavi ke 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemi byAha' aura 'nemi-rAjula-bArahamAsA saMvAda' kAvyoM ke kathAnaka thor3e antara ke sAtha eka-se hI haiM, phira bhI inameM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke aMkana meM paramparA ke prati kavi kA itanA Agraha dikhAyI nahIM detA, jitanA navInatA ke prati / ina tInoM hI kAvyoM meM navyatA kI bhUmikA sudRr3ha hai| kavi kI atizaya bhAvukatA, kalpanA-pravaNatA evaM bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI vibhinnatA ne inake

Page #158
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota kathAnaka ko naye sAMce meM navala rUpa diyA hai / ina kRtiyoM ke kathAnaka kI prAcInatA meM navInatA ko samAviSTa kara yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki eka hI kathAnaka ke AdhAra para kitanI hI saphala kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA jAnA kaThina nahIM hai / vastutaH ye kAvya isI Adarza ke bolate hue pramANa haiN| rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kRta 'sItA carita' kAvya kA kathA-srota raviSeNa kRta 'padmacarita' meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| 'padamacarita' meM rAma ke samagra jIvana kA citra samAhita hai / isameM se sItA ke jIvana-vRtta aura usake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA cayana 'sItA carita' ke praNetA ne apanI dRSTi se kiyA hai / isakI pRSThabhUmi 'padmacarita' ke anusAra hai| isakA Arambha sItA ke nirvAsana ke prasaMga se kiyA gayA hai| Age calakara lavakuza kI utpatti kA citra prastuta kara unake nivedana para nArada ke mukha se rAma-sItA kI pUrva kathA ko kahalavAyA gayA hai| kAvya meM loka tattva ko adhika prazraya diyA gayA hai| ___ lakSmIdAsa ke 'zreNika carita' kAvya kA kathAnaka paurANika hai / rAjA zreNika tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI sabhA ke pramukha zrotA aura praznakartA the| unake caritra ke AkarSaNa kA mUla kAraNa unakA hRdaya-parivartana hai, unakI sAdhanA aura zaMkA-samAdhAna pravRtti hai / guNabhadrAcArya kRta 'uttarapurANa' ke catuH saptatitamaM parva (pRSTha 473) meM gautama gaNadhara dvArA zreNika se kahA gayA hai ki 'darzana-vizuddhi Adi kitane hI kAraNoM se tU tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bandha kara ratnaprabhA nAmaka pahalI pRthvI meM praveza karegA, madhyama Ayu meM tU vahA~ kA phala bhogakara nikalegA aura tadanantara he bhavya ! tU isI bharata kSetra meM utsarpiNI kAla meM sajjanoM kA kalyANa karane vAlA mahApadma nAma kA pahalA tIrthakara hogaa| isa prakAra zreNika ne mithyAtva evaM mUr3hatA tyAgakara apane jIvana meM jo sAdhanA kI hai, usI se AkRSTa hokara kavi lakSmIdAsa ne 'zrINika carita' kI racanA kI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne saMskRta meM 'zroNika carita' kI racanA kI thii| kavi ne apane kAvya kI kathA kA srota vahIM se grahaNa kiyA hai aura use

Page #159
164 jaina kaviyoM ke vrajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana cauvana DhAloM meM rUpAyita kiyA hai| prastuta kRti meM AdyaMta dezI saMgIta ke svara kA guMjana hai / usakI vastu-yojanA se kRtikAra kI maulika sUjha kA paricaya milatA hai| kavi ne apanI pratibhA se use utkRSTa bhAva-prabandha kA rUpa diyA hai| dhArmika yA naitika __ isa zreNI ke prabandhoM meM bhArAmalla kRta 'zIlakathA', 'darzanakathA', 'cArudatta caritra', 'nathamala kRta 'baka cora kI kathA', vinodIlAla kRta 'phUlamAla paccIsI' Adi mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiM / inake kathAnaka prAyaH kAlpanika haiN| 'phUlamAla paccIsI' ko chor3akara zeSa kAvyoM ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki inake kathAnaka lokakathAoM para Adhata haiN| inake praNetAoM ne dhArmika yA naitika AdarzoM kI pratiSThA ke nimitta inakA praNayana kiyA hai| unakI dhArmika bhAvanA inameM sthala-sthala para ubharI hai / 'phUlamAla paccIsI' kavi kI maulika kRti hai| usakA kathAnaka na paurANika hai, na aitihAsika; vaha to pUrNataH kalpanA-prasUta hai / manobhAvoM ke pArakhI aura eka sacce citrakAra kI bhA~ti citra utArane vAle kavi ne eka saccA citra hindI-sAhitya ko diyA hai / dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika ___ isa varga ke prabandhakAvyoM meM pramukhataH bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke khaNDakAvya Ate haiM / inake kAvyoM kI bhitti dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita hai| inameM prAyaH arUpa kA rUpa-vidhAna karane vAlI zailI kA Azraya liyA gayA hai aura isa prakAra tattva-cintana kA gUr3ha dharAtala saralatama rUpa meM vyakta huA hai / ye cintana-pradhAna kAvya haiM jinameM AtmA kI vividha bhUmiyoM kA sundara nidarzana bhAvaka ko cetanA-zakti detA hai| aisI racanAoM meM 'cetana karma caritra', 'zataaSTottarI', 'sUA battIsI', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' Adi pramukha haiN|

Page #160
prabandhatva aura kathAnaka-srota 165 'cetana karma caritra' kI kathAvastu utpAdya hai| isameM cetana, moha, kubuddhi, subuddhi, karma-prakRtiyoM Adi ko kAryarata sajIva pAtroM ke rUpa meM citrita kara cetana aura Atma-tattvoM kI anAtma-tattvoM para vijaya dikhalAyI gayI hai / isa prakAra ke sAhitya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa se pUrva upamitibhava-prapaMcakathA (siddharSi) prabodhacandrodaya (kRSNa mizra), mayaNa parAjaya cariu (harideva), moha-parAjaya (yazaHpAla), saMkalpa sUryodaya (veMkaTanAtha), prabodha cintAmaNi (jayazekhara sUri), mayaNa juddha (bUcarAja), dharma vijaya (bhUdeva zukla), caitanya candrodaya (karNapUra), jJAnasUryodaya (vAdicandra sUri), nATaka samayasAra (banArasIdAsa) Adi kRtiyoM kA praNayana ho cukA thA, jinameM dharma-darzana ke sUkSmAtisUkSma tattvoM ko yA manovikAroM ko mUrtarUpa meM citrita kiyA jA cukA thaa| ___ anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'cetana karma caritra' ke kavi ko apane kAvya-praNayana kI preraNA isI prakAra kI kRtiyoM se milI ho, anyathA isa kAvya kA kathAnaka sarvathA kAlpanika pratIta hotA hai / kavi kI dRSTi darzana aura AdhyAtma kI vIthiyoM meM ghUmatI huI isa sundara prabandha ko rUpAyita karane meM saphala huI hai / isake mAdhyama se kavi ne yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki jaba takaM cetana AtmabhAvoM se anurAga kara anAtma bhAvoM se anavarata yuddha nahIM karatA taba taka use zuddhAtma tattva kI upalabdhi asambhava hai| 'zataaSTottarI' kAvya kA kathAnaka 'cetana karma caritra' kI bhA~ti kAlpanika hai / donoM eka hI zailI meM race gaye haiM; donoM kA mUla uddezya eka hI hai / antara itanA hai ki pahale ke kathAnaka kA dharAtala sUkSma hai, dUsare kA sudRr3ha / eka meM kavi kA vyaktitva Upara uThA huA dikhAyI detA hai, dUsare meM vaha bhItara jA baiThA hai| 'sUA battIsI' kA kathAnaka bhI kavi kI kalpanA kI upaja hai, jisakI sRSTi rUpaka-pratIka zailI meM kI gayI hai / yahA~ totA AtmA ke pratIka rUpa meM citrita huA hai, jisakA uddhAra guru-ziva-saMgati se hI sambhava batalAyA

Page #161
166 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana gayA hai / isa kAvya ke vastu-vinyAsa meM kavi-kauzala kI jhalaka milatI hai| kahanA na hogA ki isakA kathAnaka-srota kavi-hRdaya hI ho sakatA hai / ___'paMcendriya saMvAda' para kisI pUrva kRti kI chApa dikhalAyI nahIM detii| isakI vastu utpAdya pratIta hotI hai / isake praNayana kI preraNA kavi ko kahA~ se milI, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kavi ne ise 'bAla-khyAla' kahakara apane svatantra prayAsa kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| A~kha, nAka, kAna, rasanA Adi indriyoM aura unake rAjA mana ko parAjaya aura zuddhAtmA kI vijaya ko nidarzita karane ke lie isa svatantra kathAnaka kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| anUdita ___ ina kAvyoM kI eka paramparA rahI hai / vivecya yuga meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA isa prakAra ke aneka kAvyoM kI sRSTi huI hai / ina kaviyoM ne anUdita kAvyoM kI pUrI kathAvastu pUrvavartI kRtiyoM se lI hai| aisI racanAoM ke 'paricaya' ke sandarbha meM inake kathAnaka-srota kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| niSkarSa niSkarSa yaha hai ki paurANika varga kI adhikAMza racanAoM ke kathAnakasrota ke lie hameM atIta ke jaina-sAhitya kI ora jhA~kanA par3atA hai| yahI sAhitya unakA pRSThAdhAra hai / yahA~ se kathAnaka ko moTe rUpa meM grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai aura phira kalpanA kI kUcI se use saMvArA gayA hai, usameM sthala-sthala para maulika udbhAvanAoM ko sthAna dekara use naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / dhArmika yA naitika varga kI kRtiyoM ke kathAnakoM ko prAyaH loka-kathAoM para Azrita samajhanA caahie| unake praNetAoM ne dhArmika yA naitika AdarzoM kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie hI ina kRtiyoM ko rUpAyita kiyA hai / unakI vastu utpAdya pratIta hotI hai / dArzanika yA AdhyAtmika zreNI ke kAvyoM ke praNayana kI preraNA pUrvakAlika dArzanika kRtiyoM se milI hai| kathAnaka unakA nayA hai / anUdita kRtiyoM ke kathAnaka pUrvavartI kAvyoM se jyoM kI tyoM grahaNa kiye haiM / navInatA hai to unameM bhASA-zailI kii| .. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 150, pRSTha 252 /

Page #162
adhyAya 4 caritra - yojanA

Page #163
caritra-yojanA hamAre adhyayana kI sAmagrI pratyakSa manuSya hai / manuSya hI sAhitya kA lakSya hai|' vahI kAvya ke bhAvAzrita rUpa kA Alambana hai| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki kavi-karma kA sambandha bhAvAbhivyaMjanA se hai, manuSya ke svabhAva-citraNa se hai| yaha svabhAva-citraNa hI caritra-citraNa hai| caritra yA pAtra kisI kRti ke bhAgyavidhAtA hote haiN| unakI prabandhakAvya meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai / saca pUchA jAye to prabandha kI sArI ghaTanAe~, sAre Adarza aura sArI kalpanAe~ pAtroM se hI sambaddha hotI haiN| unameM bhAvarasa kI pratiSThA hetu caritra hI hote haiN| prabandha nAnA pAtroM kA raMgamaMca hotA hai jisameM pramukha sthAna nAyaka kA hotA hai| usake atirikta pAtroM meM kucha pAtra sahayogI aura kucha pratidvandvI hote haiN| pratidvandvI pAtroM ke netA (pratinAyaka) kA sthAna nAyaka ke pazcAt dUsarA hai kyoMki vahI nAyaka se anavarata saMgharSa kara usake caritrotkarSa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| prabandhakAvyoM meM jahA~ kahIM bhI alaukika camatkAroM aura atiraMjanAoM se yukta daivI caritra dRSTigata hote haiM, ve bhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM mAnava se sambaddha hote haiM / mAnava se asambaddha deva yA avatArI caritra nirarthaka haiM / 1. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI : azoka ke phUla, pRSTha 164 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 176 / 3. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : vimarza aura niSkarSa, pRSTha 71 / 4. DaoN0 becana : Adhunika hindI kathA-sAhitya aura caritra-vikAsa, pRSTha 46 / DaoN0 zyAmanandana kizora : Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM kA zilpavidhAna, pRSTha 201 /

Page #164
caritra-yojanA kucha prabandhakAvyoM meM pratIkIkRta yA mAnavIkRta pAtroM kI yojanA hotI hai| ye pAtra zarIrI aura azarIrI, donoM prakAra ke hote haiM aura ye prAya: manovaijJAnika bhUmi para AdhRta hote haiN| kavi bar3I paTutA se inheM prabandha meM sthAna dekara pAThakoM ke hRdaya ke sAtha tAdAmya-yogya banAtA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki prabandhakAvya ke pAtra hI prabandhakAra ke lakSya ko sAdhate haiN| kavi kAvyagata lakSya ko dRSTi meM rakhakara tadanukUla pAtroM kA cayana karatA hai aura unake caritroM meM raMga bharakara sahRdayoM ke sAmane pratyakSa karatA hai| vaha prabandha meM Aye hue pAtroM ke kathana, kathopakathana, kriyAkalApa, hAva-bhAva, mudrA aura ceSTAoM Adi ke dvArA unakA caritrAMkana karatA hai| inake atirikta svayaM kavi dvArA kahe gaye kathanoM se bhI pAtroM ke caritra para prakAza par3atA hai| Alocya prabandhakAvya aura caritra ___ Alocya prabandhakAvyoM ke vastu-paTa para jina pAtroM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai unameM Adarza, sAmAnya aura adhama Adi vividha zreNiyoM ke pAtroM kA sthAna hai| unake praNetAoM ne una aneka pAtroM ke mAdhyama se mAnava ke svIkArAtmaka evaM niSedhAtmaka jIvana-mUlyoM para prakAza DAlane kI ceSTA kI hai| isa hetu unheM saMgharSAtmaka paristhitiyoM meM DAlakara dvandva aura usa para vijaya prApta karane ke lie chor3a diyA gayA hai tAki mAnava unake caritroM se preraNA grahaNa kara ske| kahanA cAhie ki unhoMne vibhinna pAtroM ke zIla-vivecana dvArA hiMsA para ahiMsA, vaira para kSamA, pApa para puNya, rAga para virAga Adi kI vijaya kA Adarza samAja ke sAmane rakhA hai / ataeva unakI caritra-vyavasthA aneka sUtrIya hai| vivecya kRtiyoM ke caritroM ko vargIkRta karane para sAmAnyataH unake pramukha cAra varga sAmane Ate haiM : (1) atimAnava (amAnava); (2) mAnava : (ka) uttama, (kha) madhyama, (ga) adhama;

Page #165
170 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (3) mAnavIkRta; (4) pratIkIkRta | 1. atimAnava : prabandhakAvyoM meM niyojita atimAnava caritra mAnava caritroM se kisI-nakisI prakAra sambaddha haiM / inake caritra meM alaukikatAoM kA samAveza hotA hai / mAnava pAtroM ke paripArzva meM inakI upasthiti yA to unake yaza ko phailAne aura unheM sukha-samRddhi dene ke lie hotI hai yA unakI saMkaTa meM sahAyatA karane ke lie| isa prakAra ke caritroM meM deva caritra ullekhanIya haiM / deva caritra jaina - paramparA meM deva - zarIra rasa raktAdi se rahita aura adbhuta krAMtiyukta mAnA jAtA hai | use kSudhA tRSAdi kA kaSTa kabhI nahIM satAtA, usakI gati drutimayI hotI hai aura svabhAva se vaha vibhinna krIr3AoM meM Asakta hotA hai / use prAya: pratyakSa indriyoM dvArA nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai / " dhArmika evaM sAhityika kRtiyoM meM devajAtiyoM ke cAra bheda haiM : bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika / bhavanavAsI tathA vyaMtara prAyaH adholoka meM, jyotiSka madhyaloka meM tathA vaimAnika deva (jo devoM meM pradhAna haiM) Urdhvaloka meM rahate haiM / devoM ke sAtha apanI-apanI devAMganAeM bhI hotI haiM jo rUpa meM anupama hone ke sAtha hI nAnA kalAoM meM dakSa hotI haiM / uparyukta cAroM nikAyoM ke devoM meM apane-apane nikAyavartI samasta devoM ke adhipati - svAmI indra kahalAte haiM / 2. 1. dekhie, umAsvAti viracita tattvArtha sUtra - mokSazAstra (bhASA TIkA sahita ), pRSTha 187 / vahI, pRSTha 186 | 3. vahI, pRSTha 160 /

Page #166
caritra-yojanA 171 Alocya prabandhoM meM deva pAtroM ko rUpAyita karane ke pramukhataH cAra kAraNa dikhAyI dete haiM : (1) pramukha pAtroM ke yaza-teja Adi ke vistAra ke lie| (2) unakI Akasmika saMkaTa meM sahAyatA karane ke lie| (3) kathAnaka meM camatkArapUrNa, Azcaryajanaka aura atiprAkRta tattvoM ke sammizraNa ke lie| (4) paramparA-pAlana ke lie / deva caritroM meM pramukhataH indra-indrANI, vidyAdhara-vidyAdharI Adi ke zIlAcAra kA hI nirUpaNa huA hai| 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'pArzvapurANa', 'nemicandrikA', neminAtha maMgala' prabhati prabandhakAvyoM meM indra (vizeSataH saudharma nAma ke indra) kA caritra-citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| indra svarga ke devatAoM para zAsana karate haiM aura sabhA meM sthita siMhAsana para baiThakara unheM dharmopadeza dete haiN|' ve svacchanda bihAra karate haiN| tANDava nRtya ke avasara para unakI gati tathA unake kAryoM meM vidyuta jaisI capalatA lakSita hotI hai / usa samaya unameM adbhuta rasa sAkAra ho uThatA hai| ve kaMTha-kaTi-hasta-caraNa ko aneka prakAra se ghumAva dete haiM, kSaNa-kSaNa meM nAnA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, kSaNabhara meM ve AkAza meM saMcAra karate haiM, phira kSaNabhara meM dharatI para Akara nRtya meM tallIna ho jAte haiM, phira eka kSaNa meM hI candra aura tArAvalI se sparza karate haiN| ' ukta kAvyoM meM indra prAyaH bhakta ke rUpa meM citrita hue haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ke pArzvapurANa, padya 264, pRSTha 74 / 2. vahI, padya 230-31, pRSTha 74 / 3. vahI, padya 116 se 121, pRSTha 105 /

Page #167
172 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana garbha, janma, tapa, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa ke avasaroM para hI indra bhaktibhAvanA se prerita hokara svarga se bhU para utarate haiN|' sArAMza yaha hai ki indra ko apUrva daivI zakti, alaukika camatkAroM se yukta, atimAnava evaM tIrthaMkaroM ke bhakta-rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| indra ke sAtha hama indrANI ko bhI vismata nahIM kara sakate haiN| indrANI samIkSya prabandhoM meM 'pArzvapurANa' meM hI indrANI ke caritra kA vizeSa ullekha milatA hai| vaha komalatA aura kamanIyatA kI sAkSAt devI hai / usakI gati, saMcAra, kriyAkalApoM Adi meM sahaja ramaNIyatA aura sammohana zakti hai jisakI pratIti hameM pArzvanAtha ke 'janma-kalyANa' ke samaya hotI hai| unake janma ke samaya zacI bhakti-bhAva se prerita hokara vahA~ AtI hai, raMjita mudrA aura gupta rIti se unake janma-sthAna para pahuMcatI hai, putra sahita mAtA ko praNAma karatI aura pradakSiNA detI hai aura isa prakAra unakI bhakti meM lIna rahatI huI jo-jo kArya-vyApAra sampAdita karatI hai, unakI viziSTatA kI koI samatA nahIM ho sakatI : sUta rAgaraMgI sukha seja mAMjha / jyoM bAlaka bhAnu sameta sAMjha / kara jori jugala sira nAya nAya / thuti kInI bahu jAnai na mAya // 33 // sukha nIMda racI taba sacI tAsa / mAyAmaya rAkhyau putra pAsa / kara kamalana bAlaka ratana lIna / jina koTi bhAnu chabi chIna kIna // 34 // sukha upaje jo prabhu parasa deha / kavi vAnI gocara nAhi teha / prabhu ko mukha vArija dekha dekha / harakhai sura rAnI ura visekha // 35 // pAThaka ko 'pArzvapurANa' meM zacI ke caritra para kucha 'chIMTAkazI' sI pratIta 1. (ka) nemicandrikA, pRSTha 4-5 / (kha) nemIzvararAsa, padya 1086, pRSTha 63 / pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 67 / ,

Page #168
caritra-yojanA 173 ho sakatI hai, usameM caurya aura chalanA kI durgaMdha-sI A sakatI hai; kintu tathya isake viparIta hai| vaha jahA~ zizu 'pArzva' ko uThAkara le jAne ke lie usakI mAtA ko sukhada nidrA meM sulAkara, usake pAsa mAyAmaya putra rakhatI hai, vahAM vaha pArzva ko vidhipUrvaka janma-snAna karAne evaM usakA zRMgAra karane ke uparAnta yathAvat evaM yathAsthAna pArzva ko rakhakara mAtA kI mAyA-nIMda ko harakara use jAgratAvasthA meM lAkara agAdha AnandanubhUti karAtI hai|' vastutaH isa mahatkArya meM hI indrANI kA bhAva-saukumArya, devatva aura bhakti-mAdhurya prakaTa hotA hai| kalA-prema indrANI ke caritra kI eka aura vizeSatA hai| pArzva ko snAna karAne ke pazcAt vaha apane hI hAthoM se usakA zRMgAra karatI hai / yaha zRMgAra kitanA lubhAvanA hai ! isa meM vaisI sAtvikatA aura pAvanatA hai ! isase zacI ke caritra ko kitanA utkarSa milA hai, yaha dekhiye : kukumAdi lepana bahu liye / prabhu ke deha vilepana kiye // ihi sobhA isa ausara sAMjha / kidhoM nIlagiri phUlI sAMjha / / aura siMgAra sakala saha kiyau / tilaka trilokanAtha ke diyo| manimaya mukuTa sacI sira dharyo / cUr3Amani mAthe vistaryo / locana' aMjana diyau anUpa / sahaja svAmi dRga aMjita rUpa // mani kuDala kAnana vistare / kidhoM caMda sUraja avatare // vidyAdhara divya pAtroM meM vidyAdhara kA mahattva bhI avismaraNIya hai| hameM vidyAdharoM ke caritra kI jhA~kI 'madhubinduka caupaI' tathA 'paMcendriya saMvAda' 1. mAyA nIMda sacI taba harI / jina jananI jAgI sukha bharI // bhUSana bhUSita kAMti visAla / bhara locana nirakhyauM jina bAla // ati pramoda ura umagyau tb| pUrana bhaye manoratha sabai // -pArzvapurANa, padya 68-66, pRSTha 101 / 2. vahI, padya 76-78, pRSTha 103 /

Page #169
174 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana meM milatI hai| prathama kAvya meM vidyAdhara ati prAkRta evaM devI guNa sampanna rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai aura dUsare meM ati capala, krIr3A-priya aura paMcendriyoM ke pakSakAra ke rUpa meM pUrNa bhautikavAdI siddha hotA hai| ___ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'madhubinduka caupaI' meM vidyAdhara ko apanI patnI ke sAtha vimAna dvArA AkAza-mArga se jAtI huI avasthA meM nidarzita kiyA hai| vidyAdhara apanI priyA ke Agraha se apane vimAna ko utAratA hai aura nIce aMdhakUpa meM par3e hue eka saMkaTagrasta puruSa ke uddhAra kA prayAsa bhI karatA hai| pati-patnI ke madhya calate hue vArtAlApa meM vidyAdhara kI vivekazIlatA evaM dUradazitA para prakAza par3atA hai aura usa puruSa ko vedanA se vimukta karane kI utkaMThA meM usake gurutva kI garimA prakaTa hotI hai| kavi ne vidyAdhara ko yahA~ suguru ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| vidyAdharI divya nArI pAtroM meM vidyAdharI kA prasaMga bhI AtA hai / 'madhubindukacaupaI' meM vidyAdhara ke sAtha usakI patnI kA bhI ullekha hai / vimAna meM baiThakara saMcaraNa karatI huI avasthA meM usakA citra sAmane AtA hai| vaha karuNAzIla aura paraduHkhakAtara hai| aMdhakUpa meM vaTa-vRkSa kI jaTA se laTakate hue, so dvArA kATe jAne ke bhaya se Akula aura madhumakkhiyoM ke kATe jAne ke kAraNa vedanA-vyathita puruSa ke uddhAra ke lie apane pati se nivedana hI nahIM, haTha bhI karatI hai| usake caritra meM paropakAra kI gaharI chApa hai| 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 4 se 3, pRSTha 239 / 2. madhubinduka caupaI, padya 24, pRSTha 137 / 3. vahI, padya 34-35, pRSTha 138 / vahI, padya 46, pRSTha 136 / tiya nirakhyo tihaM bAra, kou puruSa saMkaTa pryo| he piya ! dukhahi nivAra, nirAdhAra nara kUpa meN| dukha apAra ati ghora, paryo puruSa saMkaTa shai| kachu na calata hai jora, he prabhu yAhi nivAriye //

Page #170
caritra-yojanA 175 2. mAnava caritra: vastutaH ye hI pramukha caritra haiM jina para mAnavatA kA utthAna aura patana pratyakSataH nirbhara karatA hai| ina caritroM ke binA dharatI kA itihAsa hI adhUrA aura niSprANa hai| hamAre prabandhoM meM mAnava caritra prAyaH tIna prakAra ke batalAye gaye haiMuttama, madhyama tathA adhama / uttama pAtroM ke zIlAcAra meM udAtta guNoM kA samavAya milatA hai, madhyama zreNI ke pAtra zIlAcAra kI dRSTi se sAmAnya kahe jA sakate haiM aura adhama zreNI ke pAtra durjana, avaguNoM se pUrita tathA niMdya kahe jA sakate haiM / Age inakA pRthak-pRthak vivecana dekhiye / uttama caritra ye pAtra prAyaH satvaguNI, sAdhanA meM niSNAta aura pratyeka paristhiti meM apane satya evaM sAdhanA-patha para aDiga rahate haiN| inameM mAnavIya guNa pUrNa vikasita avasthA meM pAye jAte haiM / inakI uttama prakRti meM kadAcit hI antara AtA hai / prabandha ke madhya ina pAtroM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| sArI kathA ke kendra-bindu ye hI hote haiN| inameM se hI adhikAMza prabandhoM ke nAyaka hote haiM / inheM moTe rUpa meM do vargoM ke rakhA jA sakatA hai-puruSa caritra aura nArI caritra / puruSa caritra ye pAtra nArI pAtroM kI apekSA saMkhyA meM adhika haiN| adhikAMza kAvyoM ke nAyaka kA gaurava bhI inhIM ko prApta hai / kaviyoM kI pratibhA kA adhika upayoga inhIM caritroM ke zIla-nirUpaNa meM huA dikhAyI detA hai| inameM RSi-muni pAtra, tIrthakara pAtra aura anya Adarza pAtra zAmila haiN| tIya kahai calabo nahIM, ihi bina kAr3he Aja / svAmi bar3o upakAra hai, kIje uttama kAja // -madhubinduka caupaI, padya 24, 26, 33, pRSTha 137-138 /

Page #171
176 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana RSi-muni - 'zIlakathA', 'sItA carita', 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'darzana kathA', Adi kAvyoM meM ina caritroM kA zIlAMkana huA hai / inakI uttama prakRti meM AdyopAnta ekarUpatA dikhAyI detI hai| apanI isa aparivartanIya aura eka rasa prakRti se kAraNa ye zuddha-buddha aura siddha pratIta hote haiN| kaviyoM ne ina pAtroM ke jIvana ke pUrvAMza kA citraNa na kara kevala inakI virAgAvasthA kA hI prAyaH vivecana kiyA hai| svayaM Atma-svAtaMtrya ke lie sarvAtmanA svAzrayI rahanA aura samAja ko usI kA upadeza denA hI inake caritra kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| ye apane hRdaya meM satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha, tyAga, vairAgya, samatA Adi guNoM ko dhAraNa kiye rahate haiN| inake inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa samAja inheM sadaiva zraddhA aura bhakti kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| ye madhukara-vRtti se anucchiSTa AhAra hI grahaNa karate haiM / yaha AhAra zarIrapoSaNa, Ayu-vRddhi yA svAda kI dRSTi ke nahIM liyA jAtA, apitu prANarakSA ke nimitta liyA jAtA hai / ye sAMsArika mamatva evaM bhogoM se virata hokara ekAkI vihAra karate hue kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, mohAdi para vijaya prApta kara saMsArI puruSoM ko sva-para-kalyANa kA upadeza dete haiN| ye kaSTa sahiSNu hote haiM aura tapasyA karate samaya aneka kaSToM, bAdhAoM aura bAIsa parISahoM ko vIrezvara kI bhA~ti sahate rahate haiM tathA apane zarIra tathA hRdaya ko vajra-sama kaThora banAkara dudharSa tapasyA meM rata rahate haiN| 1.. (ka) bArU vAra namosta kryo| paga nAMgo hoya pAyana pryo|| dhana yA ghar3I dhana yo bAra / Aja dhani janama saphalo sAra / / bAraMbAra bhagati uccrai| svAmI Aji asana hama krai|| : -baMkacora kI kathA, padya 46, 47, pRSTha 6 / (kha) darzana kathA, padya 46 se 52, pRSTha 8 / duddhara tapasyA karai apAra / sahai parIsaha ghora aMdhAra // varaSA sIta ghAma bahu sahai / Atama dhyAna karma * dahai / / -baMkacora kI kathA, padya 61, pRSTha 5 /

Page #172
caritra-yojanA 177 ina caritroM meM gatizIlatA adhika nahIM milatI hai / saMgharSAtmaka paristhitiyAM inake sAmane nahIM AtIM, ataH inake caritra kA ekapakSIya rUpa sthira bindu kI bhAMti parilakSita hotA hai / usameM mAnasika ghAta-pratighAta yA jIvana kI adhika gatividhiyoM kA sanniveza nahIM hai| tIrthakara Alocya kRtiyoM meM RSi-muni pAtroM kI apekSA tIrthaMkara pAtroM kA adhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jaina-sAhitya meM ye caritra paramparA se cale Aye haiM aura ye jaina-kaviyoM ke vizeSa AkarSaNa ke kendra rahe haiN| ina kaviyoM ne tIthaMkaroM kA asAdhAraNa mAnava ke rUpa meM caritrAMkana kiyA hai / ve avatArasvarUpa haiM / apane pUrva janmoM kI nirantara sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa ve manuSyabhava meM Akara tapa-bala se 'kevala jJAna' prApta karane ke uparAnta ananta sukhavaibhava evaM antaraMga lakSmI ke svAmI bana jAte haiM / 'pArzvapurANa', 'nemIzvararAsa', 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'neminAtha carita' prabhRti kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA caritra lagabhaga eka samAna paddhati para nirUpita huA hai / antara mAtra itanA hI hai ki 'pAvapurANa' meM tIrthakara (pAzvanAtha) ke caritra kA usake pUrva janmoM se lekara antima bhava taka kA vivecana hai aura anya kAvyoM meM kevala antima tIrthakara-bhava kA / ye tIrthaMkara mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM, janma lete haiM aura apane saundarya se deva-deviyoM taka ko lubhAte haiM, bacapana meM nAnA krIr3AeM karate haiM, navavaya meM hI antarmukhI rahate hue saMsAra se vairAgya lekara kaThora tapa karate hue 'kevala jJAna' prApta karate, saMsArI janoM ko dharmopadeza dete aura anta meM nirvANa-lAbha prApta karate haiM / pArzvanAtha jainoM ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA zIla vivecana 'pArzvapurANa' meM milatA hai| unakA bAlarUpa-saundayaM manomugdhakArI hai| unake zarIra kI kAnti koTi-koTi sUryo kI chabi ko kSINa kara dene vAlI hai / jaba indra bhI

Page #173
178 jana kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana usa rUpa-mAdhurI kA pAna karate-karate tRpta nahIM hote to ve sahasroM netra dhAraNa kara lete haiM / AbharaNayukta pArzvanAtha ke aMga-aMga aise lagate haiM, mAno kalpavRkSa kI DAlI-DAlI AbhUSaNoM se sajI huI hai| kAvya meM unakI bAla krIr3AoM ke citra bhI Akalita haiN| unakI bAlakrIr3AoM meM eka ora bAlakoM jaisI manovRtti, sphUrti, capalatA Adi kA sphuraNa hai to dUsarI ora alaukikatA kA / yathA-ve devakumAroM ke bIca meM ghuTanoM ke bala calate hue tAroM ke bIca meM candramA kI upamA dhAraNa karate haiM / dharatI para choTe-choTe caraNoM se kA~pate hue calate yaha socate haiM ki yaha dharatI merA bhAra saha sakegI yA nhiiN| muTThI ba~dhe hue hAthoM ke sAtha unake para aTapaTe par3ate haiN| ratna-reta lekara sura-putroM ke sAtha krIr3A karate haiM / ve kabhI mAtA ko na dekhakara ro dete haiM aura phira dekhakara ha~sa par3ate haiM / kabhI zacI kI goda chor3akara mudrita mudrA meM mA~ kI goda meM baiTha jAte haiN| unakA caritra vaira aura krodha para kSamA aura akrodha kI sAkhI bharatA hai / apane pUrva bhavoM se lekara tIrthaMkara bhava taka unheM apane hI choTe bhAI kamaTha ke jIva dvArA agaNita kaSTa diye jAte haiM, phira bhI unake hRdaya meM pratizodha aura krodha kI bhAvanA nahIM jagatI; anta taka ve kSamA ko hI dhAraNa kiye rahate haiN| ve dhIra, vIra aura prazAnta haiN| nAnA upasagoM (kaSTa kI jhaMjhAoM) ke prahAra kA una para koI prabhAva nahIM hotA; unheM ve avicala bhAva se sahate haiN| ve sAMsArika sukha, mAyA, mamatA, tRSNA evaM bhogalipsAoM se AkRSTa 1. pArvapurANa, padya 34 se 38, pRSTha 17 / 2. vahI, padya 81, pRSTha 101 / vahI, padya 8 se 18, pRSTha 107-108 / 4. vahI, padya 18 se 22, pRSTha 123 / vahI, padya 106-110, pRSTha 14 tathA padya 24, pRSTha 124 / ityAdika utapAta saba, vRthA bhaye ati ghora / jaise mAnika dIpa ko, lage na pauna jhakora / / -pArzvapurANa, padya 23, pRSTha 123 /

Page #174
caritra-yojanA 176 nahIM hote| tapa-bala se ve kevala jJAna prApta karate haiM aura logoM ko dharmopadeza dete hue unakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate haiM / neminAtha neminAtha jaina-paramparA meM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiM, jinake caritra kI vizeSatAe~ pArzvanAtha ke caritra se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI haiN| unakA rUpa lubhAvanA hai / AbhUSaNoM se sajakara to ve aura bhI manohara lagate haiN| tInoM lokoM meM unake samAna balazAlI koI nahIM hai|' bhAI kRSNa ke prati unakA pavitra-nizchala prema jhalakatA hai| unakA saMvedanazIla aura sAdhu hRdaya karuNA, ahiMsA aura tyAga kI bhAvanA se sampuTita hai / vadha ke lie ghere gaye pazuoM ke Arta ninAda ko sunakara ve vaivAhika zRMgAra ko tilAMjali dekara saMsAra se vimukha ho jAte haiN| ve sAMsArika sambandhoM ko aura manuSya janma ko dhikkArate haiM aura satya kI khoja meM giranAra parvata 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 40 se 42, pRSTha 111 tathA 76 se 13, pRSTha 115-116 / 2. vahI, padya 55, pRSTha 127 / '. vahI, padya 23 se 260, pRSTha 141-168 / 4. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 6 / 5. neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / 6 nemIzvararAsa, padya 66, pRSTha 58 / arI taba hari ko sIsa uThAyau hA~ / arI bhAI ko kaMTha lagAyau hA~ / / arI gahi bA~ha sabhA meM lAye hA~ / arI siMhAsana baiThAye hA~ / -neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1032, pRSTha 60 / / 9. nemi udAsa bhaye jabase kara jor3i ke siddha ko nAma liyau hai / ambara bhUSaNa DAya diye sira maura utAra ke DAra diyau hai // -nemi byAha /

Page #175
180 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana para tapa ke lie jAte haiM / isa prakAra neminAtha ke caritra meM mAnavIya durbalatAoM kA AbhAsa nahIM miltaa| unake caritra meM udAtta guNoM kA AvirbhAva hai| vastuta: jaina kaviyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ko vItarAgI, jina, jinavara, jinendra, prabhu, Iza, tribhuvana-dhanI Adi nAmoM se sambodhita karate hue mAnava ke sAtha hI atimAnava yA Izvara siddha karate hue bhaktoM ke Alambana rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / unhoMne unake caritra ko aneka alaukikatAoM se bhara diyA hai, yathA-tIrthaMkara binA zikSA aura binA abhyAsa samasta vidyAoM aura kalAoM meM pAraMgata ho jAte haiN| unakA zarIra sveda-malarahita, atula balazAlI aura eka sau ATha lakSaNoM se yukta hotA hai / ve apanI mAtA kA payapAna nahIM karate Adi / yahI alaukikatA tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra meM usa samaya parilakSita hotI hai, jaba mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM to mAtA ko solaha svapna . dikhAyI dete haiM, indra kI AjJA se bhUtala para ratnoM kI varSA hotI hai, garbha meM Ate hI sura-rAniyA~ mAtA kI sevA-paricaryA ke lie A jAtI haiM, janmoparAnta indra-indrANI Adi bAlaka ko pAMDaka vana meM snAna karAne aura apane hAthoM se zRMgAra karane ke lie le jAte haiN| isa prakAra Alocya granthakAroM ne tIrthaMkaroM ko atizaya-asAdhAraNa-rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki tIrthakara apanI ananta vibhUti aura anubhUti ko Atma-sAdhanA kA viSaya banAkara cirantana satya ke darzana ke lie Akula rahate haiM / Atma-zodhana ke nimitta rAga-dveSa, kAma-krodha Adi ko haTAne meM unakA puruSArtha jhalakatA hai / unakA samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1035-36, pRSTha 60 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 20 se 24, pRSTha 106 / 3. vahI, padya 63 se 100, pRSTha 85-86 / 4. vahI, padya 82 se 10, pRSTha 84 / 5. nemIzvararAsa, padya 673 se 685, pRSTha 50 / '. vahI, padya 724 se 734, pRSTha 42-43 /

Page #176
caritra-yojanA cAritra rUpa ratnatraya hI nivRtti mArga hai| eka bAra mauna sAdha lene para saMsAra kI mahAzakti bhI unakA mauna bhaMga karane meM asamartha rahatI hai|' isI prakAra sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko mukti-vadhU se prIti hotI hai aura isI ko prApta karane ke lie ve jIvana bhara sAdhanA karate haiM / saMsAra kA saundarya unheM dhUlivat lagatA hai aura usakI ora ve kiMcita bhI AkRSTa nahIM hote|' itanA saba hote hue bhI yaha svIkArya hai ki kaviyoM kI atizaya bhaktibhAvanA ke kAraNa unake caritra kI vividha bhUmiyoM kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai / unake caritra meM sthairya adhika aura gatizIlatA kama hai / unakA saMgharSa jIvana kI vistRta paridhi ko nahIM gheratA / unake manobhAvoM athavA kArya-vyApAroM se caritraviSayaka aneka parateM nahIM khultiiN| phira bhI aneka dRSTiyoM se unake caritra kA mahattva avismaraNIya hai / anya Adarza caritra vivecya kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkara caritra jitane samAdaraNIya haiM utane hI ye caritra bhI / kahanA na hogA ki kaviyoM ne ina pAtroM ke mAdhyama se caritra kI vibhinna bhUmiyoM kA avalokana karAyA hai| inake zIla-vivecana meM unhoMne manovaijJAnika dRSTi se kAma liyA hai aura vyApaka paridhi ke bhItara inheM citrita kiyA gayA hai / inameM puruSa pAtroM meM rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata, hanumAna, kRSNa, yazodhara, zroNika, sukhAnanda, rAjA, senApati Adi aura nArI pAtroM meM sItA, kauzalyA, zivadevI, vAmAdevI, kuMtI, draupadI, mandodarI, manoramA, rAjula Adi ullekhanIya haiM / 1. nemikumAra anabolane anabole kachu na vasAya ho / ejI jo bole tAsoM bolie, anabole kachu na vasAya ho / nemikumAra........ ... -nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 27 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 131, pRSTha 120 /

Page #177
182 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana rAma Alocya kAvyoM meM kavi rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kRta 'sItA carita' meM hI rAma ke caritra kI jhAMkI milatI hai / unakA sampUrNa jIvana sAdhanA ke lie samarpita hai| unakA sAdhanA-kSetra virAT hai / ve satvaguNI aura komala prakRti vAle haiN| paristhitiyA~ unheM anavarata saMgharSa ke lie prerita karatI haiM aura sAmAjikoM kI sahAnubhUti evaM saMvedanA kA pAtra banAtI haiN| unake hRdaya kI udAratA aura vizAlatA, unakI tejasvitA aura karmavIratA tathA unakI katipaya mAnavocita durbalatAe~ unake caritra ko udAtta banAtI haiM / ve rUpa teja meM asAdhAraNa tathA aneka guNoM ke bhaNDAra haiN| unakA hRdaya atyanta pavitra hai| ve vinamra, AjJAkArI, kartavyaparAyaNa aura tyAgI haiN| bharata ko rAjya dete samaya na unheM vilamba hotA hai, na duHkha / ve bharata se bhI pitA kI AjJA pAlana karane ke lie Agraha karate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM pitA kI AjJA ke anukUla AcaraNa karane vAlA putra hI vivekazIla, vinIta aura dharmavaMta hai|' rAma ajeya senAnI kI bhAMti utsAhI, vIra aura parAkramI haiN| unakA zaurya aura vIratva duSToM kA dalana karane ke lie prayANa karate samaya pitA se kahe gaye vacanoM meM tathA dhanuSa yajJa evaM rAvaNa se yuddha ke avasara para unake dvArA sampanna kArya-vyApAroM meM jhalakatA hai / 1 sItA carita, padya 153, pRSTha 11 / 2. vahI, padya 440, pRSTha 27 / 3. vahI, padya 417, pRSTha 26 / rAma kahe bhaiyA bharata, tAta vacana paravAna / sau sudhI sau vinIta nara, dharamI parama sujAna // -vahI, padya 418, pRSTha 26 / 5. vahI, padya 166-167, pRSTha 12 / 6. vahI, padya 281 se 286, pRSTha 16 / 7. vahI, padya 1608 se 1610, pRSTha 108 /

Page #178
caritra-yojanA 183 ve sacce bhAI haiM / lakSmaNa aura bharata ke prati unakA sahaja sneha anupama hai / ve prajAvatsala rAjA haiN| prajA ko putravat sneha denA, usakI sukhasuvidhA kA dhyAna rakhanA aura usakI bhAvanA kA Adara karanA unheM priya hai|' sItA-haraNa ke uparAnta rAma mohAdi se bhI abhibhUta hote hue dikhAyI dete haiM / hanumAna laMkA se lauTane para jaba rAma ko sItA kI kuzalatA kA saMdeza sunAte haiM taba rAma eka hI bAta ko aneka bAra sunane kI abhilASA karate haiN| rAvaNa ke zaktibANa se jaba lakSmaNa ghAyala ho jAte haiM taba hama rAma ko adhIra hotA huA pAte haiN| kavi ke anusAra rAma-rAvaNa yuddha meM rAma kI vijaya asatya para satya kI aura anAtmabhAvoM para AtmabhAvoM kI vijaya hai| rAma ke caritra ke pariprekSya meM kavi ko isI lakSya kA udghATana abhipreta hai| lakSmaNa lakSmaNa kA caritra bhI 'sItA carita' ke atirikta anya kisI kAvya meM nahIM miltaa| unake caritra kI mahattA kA kAraNa rAma kA sAhacarya hai / ve sadaiva chAyA kI bhA~ti rAma ke sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / donoM kA sAmUhika prabhAva amogha hai| ve rAma ke pyAre bhAI hI nahIM haiM varan unake sacce sevaka aura bhakta bhI haiN| unakA vyaktitva adhikAMza sthaloM para rAma ke vyaktitva meM tirohita sItA carita, padya 36, pRSTha 36 / vahI, padya 36, pRSTha 36 / vahI, padya 1462 se 1500, pRSTha 83 / cale mahAkAnana visatAra / sabai jIva ati hI bhayakAra / / tina deSa dhIraja nahiM rahai / ati bhai mAni paMtha nahiM bahai / / tahAM rAma hari kiyau pravesa / bhaye siMgha gaja bhaji laghu vesa / -vahI, padya 808-806, pRSTha 45 / 5. vahI, padya 466, pRSTha 26 /

Page #179
184 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ho rahA hai, parantu yuddha Adi ke sthaloM para apanA pRthak astitva rakha rahA hai / ' ve atIva bala-vaibhava sampanna yoddhA haiM / unake raudrarUpa ke sammukha kisI meM Tika sakane kI sAmarthya nahIM hai / rAma-rAvaNa yuddha ke avasara para unakA zaurya evaM parAkrama dekhate hI banatA hai / yuddha meM pracaNDa bega se lar3ane ke kAraNa hI ve rAvaNa ke zaktibANa se ghAyala aura dharAzAyI ho jAte hai ; parantu jaise hI unheM hoza meM lAyA jAtA hai ki ve mahAzakti kA rUpa lekara rAvaNa para prahAra para prahAra karate cale jAte haiM, rAvaNa ke bANoM ko rokate jAte haiM aura anta meM use kAla kA zikAra banA dete haiM / " vastutaH lakSmaNa ke caritrotkarSa ke do pradhAna kAraNa lakSita hote haiM / bhrAtR-bhakti ke ujjvala Adarza se ota-prota honA isakA pahalA kAraNa hai aura bala-teja- zaurya ko sAtha lekara kisI paristhiti athavA yuddhAdi ke avasara para vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara pralayaMkArI dRzya upasthita kara denA dUsarA kAraNa hai / bharata 'sItA carita' meM bharata ke caritra kI thor3I sI rekhAe~ ubharI haiM / ve zIla - ziromaNi haiM / kaikeyI ko ve jitane priya haiM, rAma ko ve usase bhI adhika priya haiM / ucita-anucita kA nirNaya, sAdhu-svabhAva aura tyAga vRtti unake caritra kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM / ve rAma se nivedana karate haiM ki hai sItA carita, padya 1485-86, pRSTha 82 / 2. lachamana dhanuSa saMbhAri sabada kari jori kaiM / dhanuSa girA suni deva gayau muSa mori // deva vicArthI audhikari, deSe hari bala jAna / bhAgi gayau ika palaka maiM, jyoM bhAge tapabhAna // 1. - vahI, padya 821-22, pRSTha 46 // 3. 4. vahI, padya 1490, pRSTha 81 / vahI, padya 1994 se 1961, pRSTha 108 se 111 / 4. vahI, padya 1485 se 1486, pRSTha 82 /

Page #180
caritra-yojanA 185 bhAI ! mujhe rAjya nahIM cAhie / jaba rAma unheM samajhAte hue apanI AjJA sunA dete haiM taba bharata mauna aura udAsIna bhAva se unakI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara lete haiM / vana ke bIca meM bharata aura rAma ke saMvAdoM se bharata ke komala, nizchala aura pavitra hRdaya kA patA calatA hai| unake caritra meM kahIM bhI koI durbalatA dikhAyI nahIM detii| hanumAn 'sItA carita' meM hanumAn kA caritra rAma ke hitaiSI, kRpApAtra aura priyajana ke rUpa meM citrita huA hai| donoM kI prIti, utsAha, sauhArdra bar3e bhAva se sampRkta hai| donoM kA agAdha prema avarNanIya hai| usakI thAha to koI premI-hRdaya hI le sakatA hai / rAma candramA haiM aura hanumAn vRhaspati / / ve dRr3hapratijJa aura dUradarzI haiN| unake saMkalpa bhAva kI puSTi laMkA ko prayANa karate samaya rAma se kahe gaye vacanoM se hotI hai| vahA~ jAte samaya rAma se sItA ke lie kucha nizAnI lene kA nivedana karane meM unakI prajJAzIlatA aura dUrazitA kA pramANa milatA hai| Age calakara ve eka sundarI ke premapAza meM ba~dha jAne para apanI pratijJA aura kartavyazIlatA ko nahIM bhUlate / ve sadaiva dharma-pakSa kI vijaya ke abhilASI aura satya-patha ke anuyAyI haiN| 1. sItA carita, padya 416, pRSTha 27 / 2, vahI, padya 456 se 462, pRSTha 28 / 3. hanumAna aru rAmajI, karI prIti atirNg| hiradai mAMhi uchAha sauM, pUrana bhAva abhaMga // -sItA carita, padya 1227, pRSTha 66 / 4. vahI, padya 1228-26, pRSTha 66 / 5. vahI, padya 1226-30, pRSTha 66 / 6. vahI, padya 1264-65, pRSTha 70 / 7. vahI, padya 1276 se 1278, pRSTha 67 /

Page #181
186 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ve parama pratApI haiM / una para kopa karane kA artha hai-bhUcAla ko nimaMtraNa denaa|' prazna kA sIdhA aura yathocita uttara dene kI kalA meM ve paTu hai| rAvaNa ko bhA~ti-bhAMti se samajhAne meM ve upadezaka aura udbodhaka kA kAma karate haiN| azoka vATikA meM eka vRkSa para baiThakara sItA ke pAsa rAma kI muMdarI DAlakara pala bhara ke lie chipa jAne meM unakI kIr3ApriyatA aura bhAva-marmajJatA jhalakatI hai| sItA ko 'mAtA' kahakara saMbodhita karane meM aura use pUrI sAntvanA dene meM unakI saMvedanazIlatA kA paricaya milatA hai| ve teja aura viplava ke rUpa haiN| laMkA meM rAvaNa kI AjJA se unheM bA~dhe jAne ke samasta prayatna niSphala cale jAte haiN|6 rAma-rAvaNa-yuddha ke samaya unakA adbhuta parAkrama sabhI ko Azcaryacakita kara detA hai| kRSNa __ 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM kRSNa kA janma eka camatkAra kI ghaTanA hai| unakI chIMka ke sAtha kArAgRha kA dvAra khula par3ane meM, athAha jala se bharI huI yamunA nadI dvArA unake caraNa-sparzamAtra se vasudeva ko mArga de dene meM unakI alaukika zakti kI ora saMketa hai|' kRSNa jaise suta ko pAkara yazodA 1. sItA carita, padya 1280 se 1284, pRSTha 66 / 2. kyoM Aye kArana kahahu, kahiye mana saMdeha / rAmacandra tiya lena kau, maiM Ayau tuma geha / / -vahI, padya 1265, pRSTha 70 vahI, padya 1263 se 1308, pRSTha 70 / vahI, padya 1310-11, pR0 71 / vahI, padya 1315 se 1317, pRSTha 71 / 6. vahI, padya 1334, pRSTha 72 / 7. vahI, padya 1436 se 1436, pR0 76 / nemIzvara rAsa, padya 108 se 110, pRSTha 7 /

Page #182
caritra-yojanA 187 ke harSa kI sImA nahIM hai| unakA rUpa-zRMgAra anupama hai aura unakI krIr3Ae~ mohaka haiN| ve vIra, sAhasI aura saMgharSapriya haiN| bAdhAoM evaM paristhitiyoM se saMgharSa karane meM unheM Ananda AtA hai| kAlIdaha meM pahu~cakara ve nAgina se kahate haiM ki tuma nAga ko abhI jagA do anyathA maiM tumhAre prANa letA huuN| nAgina unheM samajhAtI hai ki merA kaMta tumheM eka hI kavala meM Dasa legA, tU merI sIkha mAna le| kRSNa ke na mAnane para vaha sAkSAt kAla ko jagA detI hai| vaha viSa kI jvAlA ugalatA huA kRSNa kI ora daur3atA hai| kRSNa bar3I yukti se usakI pUcha ko phaTakAra kara parAjita kara dete haiM, vijaya ke upahArasvarUpa kRSNa ko nAgina dvArA kamala kA puSpa milatA hai| ve apanI muTThI ke prahAra se kaMsa ke hAthI ke dA~toM ko ukhAr3a lete haiN| ve eka kSaNa meM kaMsa ko yamarAja ke pAsa pahu~cA dete haiN| kaurava-pANDavayuddha meM unakA sotsAha aura yuddha kauzala vareNya hai / yazodhara 'yazodhara carita' meM rAjA yazodhara kA caritra krodha para kSamA, rAga nemIzvara rAsa, padya 115, pRSTha 8 / baMsI bajAve prema soM, mukuTa virAja adhika anUpa tau| ihi vidhi bAla krIr3A kara, gopyA meM kari nAnArUpa tau ||raasbhnnoN| kAnAM kuDala jagamaga, tana sohai pItAMbara cIra tau // mukuTa virAje ati bhalI, baMsI bajAvai syAma sarIsa to ||raasbhnnoN0|| -vahI, padya 148-146, pRSTha 10 / 3. vahI, padya 128 se 133, pRSTha hai / 4. vahI, padya 168, pRSTha 11 / 5. vahI, padya 166, pRSTha 11 / 6. keso deSi vicAriyo, vajravANa choDyo tihi vaartau| paravata chedyA AvatA, cUrNa kiyA saba senA mAra tau|| -nemIzvara rAsa, padya, 886, pRSTha 52 /

Page #183
188 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana para virAga aura hiMsA para ahiMsA kI vijaya ko udghATita karatA hai / vaha jijJAsu, satyAnveSaka aura dhIra-prazAnta prakRti kA hai| vaha jijJAsA-bhAva se parapuruSa meM rata rahane vAlI apanI rAnI kA talavAra lekara pIchA karatA hai aura use raMge hAtha pakar3akara bhI kSamA-bhAva se apanI uThI huI talavAra ko jhukA letA hai / vaha kSamA-bhAva kI sarvoparitA batalAte hue kahatA hai : je SimavAna puriSa jaga mAhi / te pahareM bhUSaNa adhikAhi // Sima hI tAta SimA hI mAta / mitra SimA Sima hI avadAta / usake hRdaya meM nArI ke prati pUjya bhAva nahIM hai / apanI caMcala prakRti aura apane vicitra caritra ke kAraNa vaha usake lie avizvAsa kI vastu banI rahatI hai / vaha adhyAtma-rasa kA rasika hai| bhautika jagat usake lie nissAra hai| vaha AdyopAMta ahiMsA kA pujArI hai| mAradatta se kahe gaye vacanoM meM sthala-sthala para usakI adhyAtma-rasikatA aura nIti-vijJatA paripuSTa hotI hai| usake caritra se vaha siddha puruSa pratIta hotA hai| zroNika 'zreNika carita' kAvya ke antargata rAjA zroNika tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI samavazaraNa sabhA kA pradhAna zrotA hai / vaha mUlataH sAdhaka pAtra hai / vaha 1. yazodhara carita, padya 300 se 313 / vahI, padya 320 / saMga sarapaNI ko ati sAra / paNi nArI nahiM suSakAra // -vahI, padya 380 / *. vahI, padya 406 se 411 / 5. vahI, padya 476, 515, 637, 656 /

Page #184
caritra-yojanA 186 pravRtti se nivRtti kI ora jhukatA hai, isI meM usake caritra kA utkarSa prakaTa hotA hai|' mahAvIra ke bhakta ke rUpa meM usakI bhakti-bhAvanA kA audAtya dRSTigocara hotA hai| sukhAnanda kumAra __ 'zIla kathA' ke nAyaka sukhAnanda kA caritra zIla guNa se sampuTita hai| vaha nyAya-nIti meM nipuNa, puNyavAn puruSa hai| vaha udyama ko mAnava kA dUsarA vidhAtA mAnakara apanI cintanA-zakti kA paricaya detA hai| usakI dRSTi meM udyamazIla puruSa lakSmIvAn puruSa se zreyaskara hai| lakSmI to ati caMcala hoya / yAko patiyArI nahiM koya / chinameM rAjA * chinameM raMka / chinameM niramala chinaka kalaMka // jo nara lakSmIvAna hu hoya / udyama kara jAne nahiM koya / jaba hI lakSmI jAya vilAya / ghara ghara mAMgata bhIkha banAya / / " 1. zreNika carita, padya 772 se 762, pRSTha 5-55 / ___ dhani yaha desa dhani vipulAcala dhani mujha puNya prabhAi / samosaraNa Agama bhagavaMta tuma pavitra bhayA saphalAi / // zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho / tuma parasata bhavi jIvana Atama laSa, tuma siva suSa dAtAra / / dhani bhau netra deSyA bItarAga jina devAMganA nRta adhikAra // // zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho / dhani bhau zrabana sunyA bhAva jina guNa dhani jihvA prabhu stuti bhAsa / dhani bhau caraNa samozraNa parasata kara dhani pUjyA Apa pada dAsa / / // zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho / -vahI, padya 1223-25, pRSTha 57-58 / 3. zIla kathA, pR0 15-17 / 4. maiM udyama kInhoM nahiM koya / kaise suyaza hamAro hoya // udyama hai dUjo karatAra / udyama duHkhavinAzanahAra / / udyama bina nara raMka-samAna / udyama hai jaga meM paradhAna / / -vahI, pRSTha 25 / 5. vahI, pR0 27 /

Page #185
caritra-yojanA 191 hai| nyAyArtha ve apane putra ko bhI daNDa dete nahIM hicakate / / senApati Alocya kAvyoM meM se 'sItA carita' meM senApati kA caritra-citraNa huA hai / yaha avazya hai ki usake caritra kA pUrNa vikAsa kAvya meM parilakSita nahIM hotA / kavi dvArA usake sImita itivRtta meM usake caritra ke Adarza kI jhalaka bhara de dI gaI hai / sItA-nirvAsana ke avasara para senApati kA caritra apanI sImAoM evaM vivazatAoM meM bhI Adarza ko mukharita karatA hai| umakI vANI se usakI AjJAkAritA evaM vinayazIlatA TapakatI hai : yAhI vana ko tumahi ko, hukama kiyau raghunAtha / sevaka ko kachU basa nahIM, kahauM jori juga hAtha / / usane komala, bhAvuka aura saMvedanazIla hRdaya pAyA hai| sItA ko nirjana vana meM chor3ate hue usake caritra kI mahanIyatA prakaTa hotI hai : senApati ati raha yo soca meM, bhayau bahuta dalagIra / U~cau phiri deSa nahIM, naina jharai ati nIra / / mAtA hU virathA janyau, bahI mAsa nau bhAra / cAkara te kUkara bhalau, dhraga mhArau jama bAra // 1. taba bhUpa kahai suna bhAI / jo nigraha joga anyAI // tApaM karunA kima hohai / yaha nyAya nRpati nahIM sohai / / -pArzvapurANa, padya 88, pRSTha 12 / phira bhUpati ne kruddha hoya kara, kumarahi diyo kar3hAI / / dhanya bhUpa ye jaga meM jAnoM, nyAyavaMta sukhadAI / / nyAya ke kAraNa putra nikAro, DhIla karI nahiM koI / tinako rAja aTala jaga hove, sujasa bhUmi parahoI // -~-zIlakathA, pRSTha 65 / 2. sItA carita, padya 70-71, pRSTha 6 /

Page #186
162 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana anya pAtra __ anya uttama pAtroM meM sugrIva, bhAmaMDala, vibhISaNa (sItA carita), arjuna, karNa, nanda, vasudeva, balabhadra (nemIzvara rAsa) Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inake caritra kA kSetra sImita hai aura inakI bahuta kama cAritrika vizeSatAe~ prakAza meM AyI haiN| Age uttama nArI caritroM kA paripAva draSTavya hai| nArI caritra jaina kaviyoM ne uttama pAtroM ke caritrAMkana meM unake zIlasamanvita sAdhanAbhimukha evaM Adarzonmukha rUpa ko hI adhika pallavita kiyA hai| unhoMne 'zIla' dharma kI pratiSThApanA ke nimitta nArI caritroM ko aneka bAdhAoM se saMgrasta kara Adarza bhUmi taka pahuMcAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vastutaH ina nArI caritroM meM eka aisI ArdratA hai jo pAThakoM ko sAmAnya bhAva-bhUmi se U~cA uThAkara Atmavibhora kara detI hai / inakA svabhAvagata Adarza citraNa sArvajanIna aura sArvakAlika hai| inake rUpa-saundarya, kriyAkalApa, saMyoga-viyoga Adi ke citra hamAre hRdaya ko apane sahaja rasa se tarala banAne meM samartha haiN| sItA, rAjula, manoramA, vijayA Adi aneka nArI pAtroM kA caritracitraNa sundara bana par3A hai| sItA, rAjula, manoramA ke caritroM meM uddezya kI dRSTi se bahuta kucha sAmya hai / ina tInoM kA satI evaM viyoga rUpa hI vizeSarUpa se mukharita huA hai / ina caritroM ke mAdhyama se nArI-hRdaya kI pAvanatA, komalatA evaM durbalatA manohara rUpa meM abhivyakta huI hai| sItA vaha jIvana bhara tapa-jvAlA meM tapane vAlI Adarza nArI hai| isa tapane meM hI usakA caritra adhikAdhika dIpti ko prApta hotA jAtA hai / vanavAsa, haraNa aura nirvAsana-kAla meM usake hRdaya para kyA nahIM bItatA ? rAma

Page #187
caritra-yojanA 163 lakSmaNa ke sAtha vana ko jAtI huI sItA sahRdayoM ko adhika saMvedanazIla banAkara AkRSTa karatI hai|' rAvaNa dvArA usakA haraNa usake jIvana kI eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| yaha ghaTanA usake rUpa ko bilakula badala detI hai / rAvaNa ke kaThora bandhana meM par3I huI sItA ke lie (vilApa karate hue) rAma-lakSmaNa kA nAma lene ke atirikta zeSa hI kyA raha gayA hai ? hA ! hA !! deva kahA kiyau, sItA karai vilApa / hA lachimana ! hA rAmajI !! hiradA meM iha jApa // zIla-patha para ArUr3ha viyoginI sItA parade ke bhItara yUthavihIna mRgI kI bhAMti rotI aura chaTapaTAtI hai| usake cAroM ora vipattiyoM kA jAla bichA diyA jAtA hai, parantu vaha saba kucha sahana karate hue bhI apane satItva se nahIM DigatI, rAvaNa kI zaraNa nahIM gahatI : aura siMdha pannaga vikarAla / karai sabada kopyau jyoM kAla / ara marakaTa har3ahar3a dhuni krai| bhai upajai mujha saraNe dharai / / Aye pahale pahara mataMga / tiNa deSe kAMpa saba aMga / / sItA rahI bahota bhai ssaay| paM rAvaNa saraNeM nahiM jAya / / nirvAsana ke avasara para bhI vaha apane karma aura bhAgya ke atirikta kisI ko doSa nahIM detii| ekAkI vana meM bhaTakatI huI avasthA meM usakA 1. sItA carita, padya 441-442, pRSTha 28 / 2. vahI, padya 611, pRSTha 50 / 3. sItA paradA ke aMtara / jAke dRr3ha sIla niraMtara / rovai atisaya hai viyoga / vicharI miragI jyauM sauga / / -vahI, padya 616, pRSTha 54 / 4. vahI, padya 668-66, pRSTha 53 /

Page #188
164 baina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hRdaya kabhI uccha, vAsoM se, kabhI vilApa se aura kabhI jJAna se bhara uThatA vaha rAjamahaloM meM nivAsa karane vAlI komalAMgI nArI nahIM hai| vaha abalA hote hue bhI sabalA hai / raNabhUmi meM apanA zaurya pradarzita karane vAlI vIrAMganA to vaha nahIM hai parantu jIvana-raNa meM asaMkhya vANoM se biMdhakara vaha apane apUrva zaurya evaM teja kA paricaya detI hai| rAjula 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'nemi-rAjula saMvAda', 'neminAtha carita', 'rAjula paccIsI' prabhRti kAvyoM meM rAjula apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| usakA caritra itanA garimAmayI hai ki upayukta kAvyoM meM vaha nAyikA pada kA nirvAha karatI hai| ina kAvyoM meM usakI sthiti aitihAsikatA evaM kAlpanikatA donoM hI dRSTi se viziSTa hai| vaha rAjA ugrasena kI putrI aura neminAtha kI patnI hai / patnI hI kahanA cAhie kyoMki unake sAtha vivAha na hote hue bhI vaha unhIM ko apane laukika evaM pAralaukika jIvana kA pati svIkAra kara letI hai|' sItA phire cahU~ disa vana meM, neka na karai asAsa / kabahU~ mahA moha ati pUrana, kabahU~ gyAna vilAsa // sItA karai vilApa, hA hA karma kahA bhyo| jo nija potaM pApa, bhoge binA na chUTaye // -sItA carita, padya 82-83, pRSTha 76 / 1. pahuMcI pIva pAsa hI jAi / suNijyo prabhu tuma cita lAi / , hama kauna gunhoM tuma kIyo / paraNyAM bina hI duSa dIyo / -neminAtha carita, padya 103 / . nemicandrikA (aaskrnn)|

Page #189
caritra-yojanA 165 vaha rAjakumArI hote hue bhI abhAginI hai| use vaivAhika velA meM hI sAMsArika moha-bandhanoM kA parityAga kara kaThora tapa karane ke lie apane jIvana ko samarpita karanA par3atA hai| usake pati vivAhotsava ko chor3akara tapa ke lie cale jAte haiN| ataH usakA madhura rAga virAga meM badala jAnA svAbhAvika hai| isa Akasmika duHkha-bhAra ko sahane meM vaha nArI-sulabha komalatA aura durbalatA kA paricaya detI hai : kaMkho sakala sarIra tasu, roma roma phaharAya / ghUmi giri bhUpara parata, bhaI acetana bhAya // pIya viyoga sUraya uyo, kirana sahI ati jor| ramata rUpa kamodinI, murajhAnI laSi bhora // aisI sthiti meM usakA mUcchita honA, ronA-vilakhanA' athavA usake hRdaya meM bhaya, cintA, glAni, pazcAttApa, nirAzA Adi bhAvoM kA jAgrata honA usakI jAtigata vizeSatA hai| eka rAjaputrI ke lie, jisakA vivAha nahIM huA, zreSTha se zreSTha pati mila jAnA durlabha nahIM hai, kintu rAjula ko yaha svIkArya nahIM hotA / vaha bar3e dhairya aura viveka se apane pitA se nivedana karatI hai ki 'he pitA ! Apa samajha lIjiye ki merA vivAha ho gyaa| neminAtha ke atirikta merA koI pati nahIM hai| maiM ApakI zapatha khAkara kahatI hU~ ki saMsAra ke samasta jana mere liye pitA yA bhAI-bandhu ke samAna 1. neminAtha carita, padya 171 se 166 / 2. nemicandrikA (mnrNglaal)| .. rAjImatI vilaSI bhaI, jyoM kSudhAtura koi hoya tau // mana vAMchita bhojana mile, pAche SoMsi leya jyoM koya tau| -rAsa bhaNoM zrI nemi ko // 1048 // -nemIzvara rAsa, pRSTha 61 / suna mAyala ho kauna gunaha mohi lAya jAdoMrAya pariharI / suna mAyala ho mohi tajI vilalAta bhajI ziva sundarI // -rAjula paccIsI, padya 4, pRSTha 3 /

Page #190
196 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana haiM / maiMne nemIzvara ke rUpa meM dharma-mahaMta pA liyA hai| maiM unhIM kI ArAdhanA kruuNgii| duniyA meM aisI kauna mAtA hai jo goda ke bAlaka ko chor3akara peTa ke bAlaka kI AzA kare ?'2 vaha saccI premikA hai| usakA prema andhA nahIM, sajaga hai| vaha apanA prema pAne ke lie athaka prayAsa karatI hai : e tuma sunahu na nemikumAra, bacana suni lIjiye ho / e koI kahiyo jAya, vichohA na kIjiye ho // e koI paThavahu catura sujAna, kumara murakAiye ho| e maiM vinatI karauM kara jori, yahA~ unheM lAiye ho // rAjula kA virahiNI svarUpa bhI usake caritra ko dIpti pradAna karatA hai / priya-patha kI pathikA banakara bhI vaha 'piyA-piyA' kahakara vilApa karatI hai| ekAkI nirjana patha meM jaba use koI uttara nahIM milatA to vaha dIrgha nizvAsa chor3atI hai| bhA~ti-bhA~ti se rudana karatI hai / usake hRdaya ke duHkhAtmaka saMsAra ko pahacAnakara vana ke pakSI bhI A~sU bahAte haiN| rAjula kA tapasvI rUpa bhI lomaharSaka hai / vaha kara-kaMkaNa aura muktAoM ko tajakara hAra ityAdi ko tor3a DAlatI hai| eka paga se khar3I hokara neminAtha kI stuti karatI hai aura kaThora tapazcaryA meM lIna ho jAtI hai|' manoramA "zIla kathA' meM usakA caritra eka zIlavatI nArI ke rUpa meM citrita 1. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 18 / rAjula paccIsI, padya 7, pRSTha 4 / nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 18-16 / *. vahI, pRSTha 19-20 / 5. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1050, pRSTha 61 / 6. rAjula paccIsI, padya 16 se 23, pRSTha 11-12 //

Page #191
caritra-yojanA 167 huA hai / vaha apane rUpa-saundarya se surabAlAoM ko bhI parAjita karane vAlI hai| vaha sadaiva pati kI maMgala-kAmanA karatI hai / vaha pati-viyoga kA kaSTa sahana nahIM karatI, varan eka ke bAda dUsarI vipatti kA zikAra banatI hai| sItA kI bhA~ti use Arambha se anta taka kI jIvana-yAtrA meM dAruNa vedanA, A~sU aura ucchavAsoM ke alAvA kucha nahIM miltaa| apane satItva kI rakSA ko sarvasva mAnate hue bhI pati ke ghara, pati kI anupasthiti meM usake caritra para lAMchana lagAyA jAtA hai, sArathI dvArA use vana meM chur3avA diyA jAtA hai, apanI mA~ ke yahA~ bhI use Azraya nahIM diyA jAtA, ata: vaha vivaza hai akelI vana meM khAka chAnane aura apane durbhAgya para A~sU bahAne ke liye| manoramA ke caritra kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai-apane zIla vrata para aDiga rhnaa| eka rAjakumAra dvArA jaba usake pAsa dUtI bhejakara use phusalAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha krodha se jala uThatI hai aura usakI cAbuka se khabara letI hai| jaba eka dUsarA rAjakumAra balapUrvaka usake satI va ko chIna lene kI ThAna letA hai to eka kSaNa to usakA nAjuka dila dIna mRgI kI bhA~ti kA~pa jAtA hai, kintu dUsare hI kSaNa karuNAsAgara se apanI lo lagA letI hai| deva usakI sahAyatA ke lie turanta prastuta ho jAtA hai, rAjakumAra ko kruddha hokara dharatI para tIna bAra pachAr3atA hai, use ulaTA laTakA detA hai, burI taraha usameM mAra lagAtA hai aura manoramA se kSamA mAMgane para use prANa-dAna detA hai| 1. zIla kathA, pRSTha 5 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 28-26 / 3. seja sukhAsana sovatI, dAsI caMpati pAya / dhUpa tanaka jo dekhatI, vadana jAya kumhalAya // so to vikaTa araNya meM, baiThI komala nAri / tharahara kaMpa badana saba, rudana kare adhikAri / / -vahI, pRSTha 37 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 32 / 5. vahI, pRSTha 43-44 /

Page #192
198 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana anya uttama nArI pAtroM meM kauzalyA, vAmAdevI, zivadevI, yazodA, devakI, celanA, mandodarI Adi ullekhya haiM / kAvyoM meM inakA caritra AMzika rUpa meM sAmane AyA hai / isIse unake uttama guNoM kA AbhAsa milatA hai| Upara uttama puruSa aura nArI caritroM para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA hai| Age madhyama caritroM kA paripArzva avalokanIya hai| madhyama caritra ___ ye ve caritra haiM jinameM prAyaH sat-raja-tama, tInoM guNoM kA sanniveza mila jAtA hai| inakA cAritrika vikAsa zAlIna bhaMgimA ke sAtha nahIM, aneka Ter3hI-mer3hI rekhAoM ke bIca meM hokara dekhA jA sakatA hai / inakA lakSya cAhe kitanA hI U~cA ho, parantu usakI prApti ke upAya stutya nahIM hote| ye aneka sabalatAoM ke sAtha durbalatAoM ke bhI zikAra hote haiM / ye caritra uttama aura adhama ke madhya kI kar3I haiN| lava-kuza unake caritra kA saMkSipta itivRtta 'sItA carita' prabandha meM Akalita hai| donoM kA janma sItA kI kokha se vajrajaMgha rAjA ke yahA~ hotA hai| ve pratApI, balazAlI aura yuddhapriya haiN| unakI mahattvAkAMkSA itanI bar3hI-car3hI hai ki ve samasta pRthvI ko hI jIta lenA cAhate haiN| unameM vinaya' aura mAtR-bhakti ke sAtha ugratA, adhairya evaM ahaM kA bhAva sthala-sthala para ubhara uThA hai| mAravatta 'yazodhara carita' meM vaha pramukha zrotA ke rUpa meM pramukha pAtra hai| vaha 1sItA carita, padya 138, pRSTha 10 / * vahI, padya 146, pRSTha 10 / 3. vahI, padya 136, pRSTha 10 /

Page #193
caritra-yojanA 166 jodha deza ke rAjA citrAgaMda kA putra hai / rAjya - siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI usakI krIr3ApriyatA evaM vilAsavRtti kA patA calatA hai / usameM andha zraddhA kA bhAva hai / vaha bAhyADambara meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle eka yogI ke kahane se devI para car3hAne ke lie mAnava taka kI vali dene ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai / kAlAntara meM usameM satyAsatya kA nirNaya lene kI kSamatA bhI A jAtI hai aura usakA caritra pariSkRta ho jAtA hai / anya caritra 'nemIzvara rAsa' kAvya meM samudra vijaya, ugrasena, bhIma, balabhadra, vasudeva, nanda Adi, 'sItA carita' meM vajrajaMgha, sugrIva, dazaratha, vidyAdhara, kumbhakarNa, meghanAda Adi, 'baMkacora kI kathA' meM baMkacora, 'yazodhara carita' meM kotavAla, 'zreNika carita' meM rAjA candrapradota, candrasena Adi, 'rAjula paccIsI' meM ugrasena, 'neminAtha carita' meM samudra vijaya, 'zIlakathA' meM rAjA padmasena, seTha mahIdatta, dhanadatta Adi madhyama zreNI ke caritra haiM / unakA zIla- vivecana atyanta sImita paridhi ke bhItara huA hai / nArI caritra madhyama zreNI ke nArI caritroM meM kaikeyI aura mandodarI (sItA carita), kuntI, yazodA, zivadevI ( nemIzvara rAsa), rAjula kI mAtA ( rAjula - paccIsI, nemicandrikA), candramatI ( yazodhara carita), zrImatI ( zIlakathA), vasumitrA (zra eNika carita) Adi sAmAnya caritra haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki Alocya kAvyoM meM sabhI madhyama zreNI ke pAtroM kI yojanA kathA ko ucita gati aura nAyaka yA nAyikA ke caritra ko 1. nAnA krIr3A kareM ju rAya / viSaina kI icchA adhikAya || kabahuM gaja car3hi vana meM phireM / paMchI juta bahu 20 vahI / 3. vahI / krIr3A kareM // - yazodhara carita

Page #194
200 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana utkarSa pradAna karane ke lie kI gayI hai / ina kAvyoM meM aise caritroM kA bhI apanA sthAna hai| adhama caritra ye caritra mAnavocita guNoM se zUnya evaM AcaraNabhraSTa haiM aura AdyaMta duSTa prakRti ke bane rahate haiN| ye prAyaH zIlavibhUSita Adarza pAtroM ke pratidvandvI haiM aura unheM viSama paristhitiyoM meM DAlakara bhISaNa yAtanAe~ dete haiM / vastutaH ye patita aura vikkRta caritra haiM / prabandhakAvyoM meM inakI yojanA anAvazyaka nahIM hai| jaise aMdhakAra prakAza ko aura duHkha sukha ko priya banAtA hai, vaise hI ye caritra Adarza caritroM ko priya aura AliMgana yogya banAte haiN| unake lie saMgharSAtmaka bhUmiyA~ nirmita kara unheM svarNa kI taraha tapAte, unake caritra ko nikhArate aura unheM kAntiyukta banAte haiN| saca pUcho to ye hI kAvya kI mahat ghaTanAoM ke janmadAtA haiM aura ye hI kathAvastu ko gatizIla banAkara tathA usameM kutUhala kI sRSTi kara use lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yoga dete haiN| __ samIkSya prabandhakAvyoM meM 'pArzvapurANa' meM kamaTha, 'sItA carita' meM rAvaNa, 'yazodhara carita' meM rAnI amRtamatI, 'zIlakathA' meM dhanadatta zreSThi, dUtI, rAjagRha nagarI kA rAjakumAra, haMsadvIpa ke rAjA kI rAnI, Adi bhraSTa caritra haiN| kamaTha __kamaTha 'pArzvapurANa' kAvya kA pratinAyaka hai aura usakA jIva pratyeka bhava meM pArzvanAtha kA pratidvandvI hai / vaha Arambha se hI kuTila prakRti, durbuddhi aura pApa kI samatA dhAraNa kiye hue hai| vaha apanI vakra gati aura vaira-bhAva ko na chor3ate hue apane bhAI kA pakkA zatra banA rahatA hai| vaha kAmAMdha 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 54-55, pRSTha 8 /

Page #195
caritra-yojanA 201 hai aura pApakarma tathA loka-niMdA se nahIM DaratA / ' usa para usake mitra ke dharmopadeza kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotA aura chala-bala ke zIla bhaMga kA aparAdha sira para letA hai / apane bhAI kI patnI DhoMga racane meM vaha paTu hai / vaha mithyA vairAgya dhAraNa kara mithyA tapasyA meM rata rahatA hai / vaha krUra, krodhI aura atyAcArI hai | kSamA-yAcanA kara caraNa sparza karane vAle apane bhAI kI vaha nirmamatA se hatyA kara detA hai / " vaha vaira aura pratizodha kI bhAvanA kA kabhI parityAga nahIM karatA / aneka janmoM taka usake duSTa svabhAva meM koI antara nahIM AtA / vaha sadaiva isI avasara kI tAka meM rahatA hai ki bhayAnaka AkRti dhAraNa kara apane bhAI para durbhedya upasarga kiye jAyeM, use nAnA kaSTa diye jAyeM / " kamaTha ke caritra se yaha dhvanita hai ki kamaTha jaise puruSa saMsAra meM janma isalie lete haiM ki ve pApa aura adharma ko puNya aura dharma samajhate hue azubha 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 68, pRSTha 10 / 2. chalabala kara bhItara laI, vanitA gaI ajAna / rAga andha bhAkhe vividha, durAcAra kI khAna // gajamAtI kamaTha kalaMkI / agha sauM manasA nahi saMkI / bhAvaja vana karanI raMjo / nija sIla tarovara bhaMjo // - vahI, padya 83-84, pRSTha 11 / 3. vahI, padya 101, pR0 13 / 4. vahI, padya 106 se 116, pRSTha 14 / adhika na thAMmyo jAya / rAte loyana prajulI kAya // AraMbhyo upasarga mahAna | kAyara dekhi bhajeM bhayamAna || ora | garaja garaja barakha ghana ghora // dhAra / vakra bIja jhalakai bhayakAra | adhakAra chAyau cahu~ jhare nIra musalopama X X X muMDamAla gala dharihiM, lAla loyanani DarahiM jana / mukha phuliMga phuMkarahiM, karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana // 5. - vahI, padya 18 se 20 tathA 22, pR0 123 /

Page #196
202 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana karmoM kI mAlA apane gale meM DAleM aura apane jIvana-patha ko kaMTakAkIrNa kara dUsaroM ke prazasta patha meM avarodha banakara khar3e rheN| rAvaNa kamaTha jaisA hI caritra rAvaNa kA hai| vaha 'sItA carita' kAvya kA pratinAyaka hai| usake caritra kI katipaya rekhAe~ usake dvArA sItA-haraNa, mandodarI-saMvAda, sItA ke hRdaya para vijaya kA prayAsa, rAmayuddha Adi ke prasaMgoM meM ubharI haiN| rAvaNa aizvaryazAlI, aneka vidyAoM kA dhAraka, kUTanItijJa, nirbhIka, sAhasI aura parAkramI hai| sAtha hI vaha ahaMkArI, krUra, krodhI aura rAgAndha hai / vaha apane pratyeka kArya kI siddhi ke lie ucita-anucita sabhI upAyoM kA Azraya letA hai / vaha sItA ko vazIbhUta karane ke prayAsa meM pratyeka sambhava kadama uThAtA hai| vaha use apanI zaraNa meM Ane ke lie bhaya aura trAsa kA puja hI usake sammukha rakha detA hai| usakI isa prakriyA meM na kevala usakI viSayAturatA hI jhalakatI hai, apitu isase usakI siddhiyoM kA bhI patA calatA hai : jAkI DAr3ha mahA vikarAla / paMjA ati tISana karAla / tina deSa dhIraja nahiM rahai / sIa rAvaNa saraNa nahiM gahai // Ayo pannaga phaNa kari DaMDa / jIbha capala krodhI paracaMDa / jAkI hUka jala vana rAya / sItA rahI bahota bhai SAya // use apanI vIratA kA abhimAna hai; kintu usakI vIratA usakI madAMdhatA meM chipa jAtI hai / jaba mandodarI sItA para vijaya pAne kI usakI .. sItA carita, padya 1877 se 1876, pRSTha 105 / 2. vahI, padya 964, pRSTha 54 / '. vahI, padya 668 se 1000, pRSTha 55 / vahI, padya 971-72, pRSTha 53 /

Page #197
caritra-yojanA 203 mahattvAkAMkSA kI pUrti nahIM kara sakI to vaha kAyaratA ko 'heya-heya' kahatA huA darpa, pracaMDatA, ahaMkAra aura krodha se pukAratA huA usakI bhartsanA karatA hai : rAvana krodha kiyau ati bhAra / duSTa dUra hoha tU nAri / bhauMha vakra kIyo chinamAMhi / raho matI kAyara mujha pAMhi // 1854 // mAtA subhaTa subhaTa kI nAri / pitA subhaTa maya bar3I udAra / tU kAira kAira vaca kahai / kAira hoya bacana e gahai // 1855 // mujhasau subhaTa nahIM jaga mAMhi / kAhara vaina kahai mujha pAMhi / tAthe maiM tumako pariharI / jAhu ihAM mata rahiyo SarI // 1857 // ' upayukta uddharaNa meM hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki usakI vANI saMyata nahIM hai / yuddha meM vaha lakSmaNa se bhI 'suniho lachimana nIca' kahakara apanI aziSTatA evaM abhadratA kA paricaya detA hai / hA~, vaha yuddhavIra avazya hai / usakA adbhuta yuddha-kauzala rAma ke sAtha yuddha meM dRSTigocara hotA hai, kintu usakA asAdhAraNa vIra evaM raudra rUpa usakI bhayaMkara AkRti, visphoTaka vANI tathA usake atizaya ahaM evaM krodha ke kAraNa daba-sA gayA hai| satI sItA ko atizaya kaSTa dene meM usakI atyAcAritA, viSayAsakti evaM kAmukatA hI mukhyataH vyaMjita huI hai| dhanapAla 'zIlakathA' meM dhanapAla seTha kA caritra bhI adhama caritroM kI zreNI meM sItA carita, pRSTha 104 / 2. vahI, padya 1487, pRSTha 82 / 3. vahI, padya 1483, 86, 60, pRSTha 82 / puni kopa uTho uramAMhi / nabha jIvata choDauM nAMhi // rAvana bahute ati krodha / uTho kara bhAva virodha // Ayo jahA~ subhaTa aneka / uTho nija Asana Teka // deSI ati najara kUra / bhauMha dhanaSa car3hAI sUra // -vahI, padya 1808-6, pRSTha 101 /

Page #198
204 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana AtA hai| vaha jauharI hote hue bhI ThagoM kA rAjA, kapaTI, vAcAla, susIkha kI avahelanA karane vAlA, dhUrta paradhana-lolupa aura satya para AvaraNa' DAlane vAlA hai / usake jIvana kI eka hI ghaTanA usake caritra kI paratoM ko kholakara rakha detI hai| rAjagRha nagara kA rAjakumAra 'zIlakathA' meM rAjagRha nagara ke rAjakumAra kA patita AcaraNa eka kAmAndha evaM madAndha puruSa ke caritra kA smaraNa karAtA hai / vana-krIr3A, saundarya aura vAsanA use priya hai / vaha nirjana-ekAnta vana meM vilApa karatI huI viyoginI manoramA ko ranivAsa meM le AtA hai aura use apanA banAnA cAhatA hai / antataH use azubha karma kA azubha evaM nindanIya phala bhI cakhanA par3atA hai| 2. 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 11 / ihi vidhi soM samajhAyau nAra / eka na mAnI mugadha gamAra / phira nArI soM aisI kahI / Akhira abalA jAta so sahI // auguna ATha sadA ura rahe / marama bheda kahu jAhi na kahe / / -vahI, pRSTha hai| 3. taba bolyo aise dhanapAla / bho mahArAja suno bhUpAla / / aisI ThagaI kare jo koya / dIragha daMDa dIjiye soya / gardabha para dIjai car3havAya / mulakArI dIjai karavAya // gRha kI lakSmI lehu luTAya / aura deza te dehu kar3hAya // -vahI, pRSTha 16 zIlakathA, pRSTha 36 / pakare tAke taba carana sAra / dharatI pai pachAro tIna bAra / phira hAtha pAMya kasake banAya / bA~dhe tAke musake car3hAya / / kara Urdhva carana laTakAya dIna / kara nIce ko mukha trAsa dIna / / phira cAbuka kara meM liyau sAraM / so mAra daI tAko apAra / / -vahI, pRSTha 43 /

Page #199
caritra-yojanA 205 nArI caritra ___ jaina prabandha kaviyoM ne bhraSTa nArI caritroM ko prAyaH do rUpoM meM citrita kiyA hai-(1) kAmuka yA kuzIlarata avasthA meM aura (2) zIlavatI striyoM ko kAma athavA kuzIla kI ora prerita karane vAlI avasthA meM / prathama ke antargata 'yazodhara carita' kI amRtamayI tathA 'zIlakathA' kI haMsadvIpa kI rAjarAnI aura dvitIya ke antargata 'zIlakathA' kI eka dUtI AtI hai| amRtamatI ___ amRtamatI atyanta rUpavatI nArI hote hue bhI usake svabhAva, hAvabhAva, kriyA-kalApa evaM usakI vANI Adi se usakI adhamAI pratIta hotI hai / vaha kAmAndha, chalanA, parapuruSa-rata evaM pApinI hai| vaha apane pati kI A~khoM meM dhUla jhoMkakara kubar3e-kAne ghinaune puruSa ke pAsa pahu~catI hai aura thor3e vilamba ke kAraNa usakI DATa-phaTakAra hI sahana nahIM karatI, apitu lAta-dhamUkA bhI sahana karatI huI usI ke sAtha ramaNa karane kI yAcanA karatI hai| 1. jAhi sarIra subhA laSi ke mani hema tabai iha bhA~ti upaaii| pAvaka meM karika paravesa upAva karUM tana kAMti aghaaii|| -yazodhara carita, padya 216, saMdhi 2 / pada maradana karane lagI, jAgiru vaina ucAra // kahA~ rahI aba lauM triyA, imi kahi karata prahAra / / pahale niMda bAta ucArI / gahi coTI bhUmi pachArI / / phuni lAta dhamUkA dInhIM / parabasa sabahI saha liinhiiN| - X X X X amrita devi kahai ima bainaa| rosa tajI mopari sUSa denaa| xxxx tuma hI ho mere bharatAra / kirapaNa rAya na hoya lagAra / so pratipAla ciraMjI rahI / more saMga................ " // -vahI, padya 304 se 312, saMdhi 3 /

Page #200
206 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vaha jAtigata guNoM se zUnya, caMcala prakRti kI, kucakra meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlI aura mamatA rahita nArI hai / vaha apane pati aura sAsa ko bar3e bhAva se nivedana karatI huI viSa ke modaka khilAtI hai aura unake maraNoparAnta jhUThA rudana-vilApa karatI hai / ' isa prakAra amRtamatI kA caritra kaluSita hai / usameM avaguNa hI avaguNa haiM, kevala eka guNa hai rUpa-saundarya kA, parantu vaha svarNa-kaTAra kisa kAma kI, jisakA AliMganamAtra prANAnta kA kAraNa bana jAtA ho / haMsadvIpa kI rAjarAnI _ 'zIlakathA' meM haMsadvIpa kI rAjarAnI sukhAnandakumAra ke sAtha jo jAla racatI hai, usase usake dhikkRta caritra kA AbhAsa milatA hai| vaha kumAra ke rUpa para Asakta hai / para-puruSa se ratidAna mA~gane vAlI vaha caMcala prakRti kI triyA hai| vaha svayaM kapaTarUpiNI aura kalaMkinI hai; kintu usa kalaMka ke TIke ko sukhAnanda kumAra se pauMchakara svayaM ko nirdoSa siddha karane kA DhoMga bharane meM bhI paTu hai| nAtha nAtha kara mUrachA khAya......... X pIva pIva kari rovai joya / tuma bina dIsa nahiM koya // -yazodhara carita, padya 443 se 447, saMdhi 4 / 2. zIlakathA, pRSTha 46 / 3. (ka) kapaTa rUpa mana krodha kara, bhUSaNa diye utAra // krodha vivasa bolata bhaI, vacana bhayAnaka mAra // jAne cIra dakkhinI phAre, gaja motina hAra vidaare|| aru dehI nakhana vidArI, aisI jo bhaI vaha nArI / / -vahI, pRSTha 50 / (kha) mahArAja araja suna lIja / iha arajI paMcita dIjai // vaha seTha kumara jo Ayo / maiMne ranivAsa bulaayo| vaha to mada ko ati bhArI / maiM zIla dhuraMdhara naarii|| jaba dekha svarUpa jo mohI / kara yo behAla jo sohI / -vahI, pRSTha 50 /

Page #201
caritra-yojanA 207 'zIlakathA' kI eka dutI apane svAmI kI AjJAkAriNI, dUtIkarma meM paTu kintu Atmabala se rahita nArI hai / vaha hara sambhava upAya se striyoM ko ur3Ane kA prayAsa karatI hai| kAma bigar3atA dekha vaha ghRNita se ghRNita kArya karane ke lie tatpara rahatI hai / eka zabda meM vaha duzcaritrA hai|| adhama caritroM ke sambandha meM yaha pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki prabandhakAvyoM meM inakA mahattva kama nahIM hai / ye apane kArya evaM vyavahAra kI dRSTi se dhikkRta avazya haiM, kintu kAvya ke pramukha pAtroM ko gaurava inhIM kI yojanA se milatA hai| Upara atimAnava aura mAnava caritroM para dRSTi DAlI gayI hai, parantu vivecya prabandhoM meM inake alAvA mAnavIkRta aura pratIkIkRta caritra bhI upalabdha hote haiM, jinheM bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| mAnavIkRta caritra : 'amAnava' ko 'mAnava' guNoM ke Aropa karane kI prakriyA ko mAnavIkaraNa kahate haiM / ' sUkSma bhAvoM, sUkSma-sthUla vastuoM, prAkRtika upAdAnoM, zArIrika avayavoM, dArzanika tattvoM Adi sabhI kA mAnavIkaraNa sambhava hai / jaina kaviyoM ne darzana ke gahana-sUkSma tattvoM ko pAtra rUpa meM citrita kara, usakI vibhinna pravRttiyoM evaM sthitiyoM kA vizleSaNa kara mAnava ke 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 31-32 / 2. tAkI sAsa sauM aisI kahI / merI bAta suno tuma shii| bahU tumhAre ghara meM joya / kula nAzaka jAnoM vaha soya / / tumako khabara kachU aba nahIM / hama dekhI nija nainana shii| nita prati rAja kuvara ghara jAya / tahAM karai vyabhicAra banAya / / -vahI, pRSTha 33 / * dekhie-hindI sAhitya koza, pRSTha 586 /

Page #202
208 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana sAmane zuddhAtma tattva kI upalabdhi kA vidhAna rakhA hai| isa hetu ve bhautikatA ke sthAna para AdhyAtmikatA athavA pravRtti-mArga ke sthAna para nivRtti-mArga ke samarthaka rahe haiN| isa prakAra unhoMne dArzanika bhAva-bhUmi para AtmA aura jar3a-bandhana ke vizleSaNa ko jisa prakAra sajAyA-saMvArA hai, vaha mahAn hai / katipaya Alocya kRtiyoM meM mAnavIkRta pAtroM kA ullekha milatA hai| 'zata aSTottarI' meM cetana aura usakI donoM rAniyA~-subuddhi aura mAyA, 'cetana karma caritra' meM cetana, kubuddhi, subuddhi, moha, rAga, dveSa, svabhAva, dhyAna, cAritra, viveka, saMvega, jJAna, udyama, saMtoSa, dhairya, upazama, darzana, dAna, satya, zIla, tapa, aSTakarma Adi, 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM nAka, kAna, A~kha, sparza aura mana ko mAnava rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| cetana cetana 'cetana karma caritra' aura 'zata aSTottarI' kAvyoM kA nAyaka hai| vaha zarIragar3ha kA rAjA hai| Arambha meM vaha kubuddhi rAnI meM rata rahane, viSaya-zatraoM ko apanA mAnane aura aSTa karmoM dvArA Thage jAne ke kAraNa ajJAnI aura adUradarzI hai; kintu jaise hI usake antarlocana khulate haiM, vaha vastusthiti se avagata ho jAtA hai| isa sthala para usakI buddhimattA jhalakatI hai| 1. DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI : hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 1, pRSTha 140 / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanI, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi / kAyAsI ju nagarI meM cidAnaMda rAja kare, mAyAsI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayau hai / mohasI hai phaujadAra krodhasau hai kotavAra, lobhasau vajIra jahA~ lUTiveko rahyau hai / / udaiko ju kAjI mAne mAnako adala jAna, / kAmasevA kanavIsa Ai vAko kahyau hai| aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane guNa bhUli gayau, sudhi jaba AI tabai jJAna Aya gahyo hai // 26 // -zata aSTottarI, pRSTha 14 /

Page #203
caritra-yojanA 206 usake cAritrika patana kA kAraNa hai : kubuddhi rAnI ke prati moha aura utthAna kA kAraNa hai subuddhi ke saMdeza kA grahaNa / subuddhi rAnI usake lie preraNA kA srota hai, vahI use hitAhita kA bodha karAtI hai aura usI ke saMketa para vaha kubuddhi kA parityAga bhI kara detA hai|' 'zata aSTottarI' kAvya kA cetana kriyAzIla kama hai| vaha mauna bhAva se subuddhi ke saMdezoM ko sunatA jAtA hai, jabaki 'cetana karma caritra' kA cetana saceta, zUravIra aura yoddhA hai| kAvya meM usake vIratApUrNa kAryakalApoM kA sundara citraNa hai| vaha apane bhujabala para rAjya karatA hai / prabala zatru ke sammukha Atma-samarpaNa karanA use asahya hai / zUravIroM ko udbodhana dene kI kalA meM vaha pravINa hai / vaha svayaM ko bacAkara zatru-pakSa para karArI coTa karatA hai| vaha vIra yoddhA kI bhA~ti apane sainikoM sahita apane cira zatruoM (moha, rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, aSTakarma Adi) se anavarata rUpa se yuddha karatA hai| yaha yuddha lambe kAla taka calatA hai| 1. (ka) cetana karma caritra, padya 7 se 11, pRSTha 56 / (kha) erI merI rAnI tosoM kauna hai sayAnI sakhI, e to bApurI birAnI, tU na rosa gahiye / inasoM na neha mohi, tohi soM saneha banyo, rAma kI duhAI kahU~, tere geha rahiye / / -zata aSTottarI, padya 17, pRSTha 11-12 / 2. zata aSTottarI, padya 17 se 106, pRSTha 12 se 32 / 3. (ka) cetana karma caritra, padya 5 se 7, pRSTha 55-56 / (kha) vahI, padya 45 se 46, pRSTha, 60 / (ga) vahI, padya 66 se 67, pRSTha 62 / (gha) vahI, padya 221 se 224, pRSTha 77 / 4. vahI, padya 17 se 18, pRSTha 56-57 / 5. sUrana kI nahiM rIti, ari Aye ghara meM rahaiM / ke hAre ke jIta, jaisI ha taisI bane / -vahI, padya 67,pRSTha 62 / 6. vahI, padya 168, pRSTha 72 ,

Page #204
210 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana yuddha meM aneka utthAna-patana Ate haiM, kintu anta meM vaha zatruoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai| cetana ke caritrAMkana meM jaina kaviyoM kI dRSTi UonmukhI rahI hai| viSaya-sukha sukha nahIM hai, saccA sukha usase pare hai aura usa sukha kI upalabdhi samyaka dRSTi aura samyak AcaraNa se hI sambhava hai| AtmakAluSya ko dho DAlo, use karma-pudgala se vimukta kara do, basa yahI cetana (AtmA) kI sabase bar3I vijaya aura sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai / ajJAnI jIva kI antarAtmA meM jaba taka jJAnAloka nahIM jagamagAtA, taba taka vaha apanI zuddha avasthA ko prApta nahIM hotA, yahI cetana caritra kA sAra hai / cetana ke sAtha hI moha kA caritra bhI vivecanIya hai / moha moha 'cetana karma caritra' meM pratinAyaka kA pada grahaNa kiye hue hai| vaha cetana kA pratidvandvI banakara usase apane prANa rahate saMgharSa karatA hai / krodha kI sthiti meM usake mukha se niHsRta garvoktiyoM meM usake caritra kA citra sAmane A jAtA hai / 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 276 se 283, pRSTha 82-83 / avicala dhAma base zivabhUpa / aSTaguNAtama siddha svarUpa / / carama deha paramita prdesh| kiMcita UnI thita binabheza / puruSAkSara niraMjana nAma / kAla anaMtahi dhra va vizrAma // bhava kadAca na kabahU~ hoya / sukha anaMta vilasa nita soya / lokAloka pragaTa saba vedA / SaTa dravya guNa paryAya subheda / / jJayAkAra sakala pratibhAsa / sahajahiM svaccha jJAna jiha~ pAsa // vahI, padya 284-86, pRSTha 83 / kaho bacana mero tuma jAya / kyoMre aMdha adharamIrAya / byAhI tiya chAMDahi vayoM kUra / kahAM gayau terau bala zUra / / ke to pAya parahu tuma Aya / ke laribe ko rahahu sajAya // -vahI, padya 14-15, pRSTha 56 /

Page #205
caritra-yojanA vaha saphala senAnAyaka hai / yuddha kSetra meM vaha apanI senA ko suvyavasthita DhaMga se khar3A karatA hai / ' cetana se kiye gaye yuddha se vidita hotA hai ki vaha raNanIti meM kitanA kuzala hai aura yuddha meM kitane dAva pecoM se kAma letA hai : dui dhAra // ari bhUpa // moha sarAga bhAva ke bAna / mArahi khaMca jIva ko tAna // jIva vItarAga nija dhyAya / mArahiM dhanuSa bANa ihi nyAya // taha mohanRpa khaDga prahAra / mAre pApa puNya haMsa zuddha vede nija rUpa / yahI kharaga mAreM moha cakra le Arata dhyAna / mArahi cetana ko pahicAna || jIva sudhyAna dharma kI oTa | Apa bacAya kareM paracoTa || moha rudra barachI gahi leya / cetana sanmukha ghAva ju deya || haMsa dayAlu bhAva kI DhAla / nijahi bacAya karahi parakAla || moha aviveka hai jama dAr3hi / ghAva kareM cetana para kAr3hi || moha vIratApUrvaka lar3atA huA anta meM parAjita hotA hai aura cetana vijayI | caritra ke lakSya kI dRSTi se moha kI parAjaya sat ke sammukha asat kI parAjaya hai / Age subuddhi evaM kubuddhi kA caritra draSTavya hai / buddha buddhi subuddhi aura kubuddhi cetana kI donoM rAniyoM meM pArasparika spardhA kA prabala bhAva hai / unake caritra meM nArI hRdaya ke manobhAvoM kI acchI jhalaka 1. phaujeM kInhIM cAra bar3e visatArasoM / nija sevaka saradAra, kiye bhujabhArasoM // pahilI phaujeM sAta, subhaTa Age cale / dUjI phaujeM cAra, cArateM saba bhale | 2. vahI, padya 126 se 3. vahI, padya 166 se 211 -- cetana karma caritra, padya 42, pRSTha 56 137, pRSTha 68-69 / 170, pRSTha 72 /

Page #206
212 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana milatI hai| kubuddhi cetana ko patha-bhraSTa karane vAlI nArI hai aura subuddhi hai use supatha para lAne vaalii| 'cetana karma caritra' aura 'zata aSTottarI' donoM hI prabandhakAvyoM meM kubuddhi ke caritra kI kevala jhalaka bhara dikhAyI detI hai| 'zata aSTottarI' meM subuddhi kA zIla vivecana adhika vistAra se huA hai| vahA~ usakA caritra ujjvala zazi-razmiyoM se Alokita hai / vaha apane pati ko nija svarUpa pahacAnane aura anAtmabhAva rUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane kA saMdeza dete-dete nahIM thktii| asaMdigdha rUpa se vaha tyAga aura saMyama kI devI hai, sAtha hI apane pati cetana (jIva) ko zatru-bhaya se vimukta karane vAlI uddhArikA hai| 1. kaha subuddhi ika sIkha suna, jo tU mAne kaMta / / ke to dhyAya svarUpa nija, ke bhaja zrIbhagavaMta // sunika sIkha subuddhi kI, cetana pakarI mauna / / uThI kubuddhi risAyake, iha kulakSayanI kauna / / maiM beTI hU~ moha kI, byAhI cetanarAya // kahI nAri yaha kauna hai, rAkhI kahA~ lukAya / -cetana karma caritra, padya 8-10, pRSTha 56 / cetu cetu cita cetu, vicakSaNa bera yaha / hetu hetu tua hetu, kahatu hoM rUpa' gaha // mAni mAni puni mAni, janama yahu bahuri na pAvai / jJAna jJAna guNa jJAna, mUr3ha kyoM janma gmaavai|| bahu puNya are narabhI milyau, so tU khobata bAvare / ajahU~ saMbhAri kachu gayo nahiM, 'bhaiyA' kahata yaha dAvare / -zataaSTottarI, padya 5, pRSTha 6 / 3. (ka) nainanitai dekhai sakala, nai nA deravai nAMhi / tAhi dekhu ko dekha to, naina jharokhe mAMhi // -vahI, padya 67, pRSTha 23 / (kha) vahI, padya 10-11, pRSTha 10 / (ga) vahI, padya 27-28, pRSTha 14 /

Page #207
caritra-yojanA 213 paMcendriya ____ 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM kavi ne nAka, kAna, A~kha, rasanA, mana kA mAnavIkaraNa kara unake sAMgopAMga zIla-nirUpaNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai| usane unake cAritrika guNa-doSoM ko bar3I mArmika zailI meM abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| pA~coM indriyA~ apane aneka guNoM ke kAraNa mahattvapUrNa haiM / unhoMne svayaM apane mukha se apanI caritragata vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA hai / nAka kahatI hai : nAka rahe teM saba raha yo, nAka gaye saba jAya / nAka barobara jagata meM, aura na bar3o kahAya // prathama vadana para dekhiye, nAka navala AkAra / sundara mahA suhAvanoM, mohai loka apAra // yahI paddhati pratyeka indriya ne apanAyI hai aura apane mukha se apanI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue apane caritrAdarza ko prakaTa kiyA hai| kAvya meM uparyukta indriyoM kA eka dUsarA pakSa bhI ubharA hai aura vaha pakSa hai unake caritra kA aMdhakArapUrNa pakSa / yahA~ kavi ne unake caritra ke duguNoM kA anveSaNa paraspara indriyoM dvArA karAyA hai| unameM paraspara spardhA kI balavatI bhAvanA dRSTigocara hotI hai, phalataH ve eka-dUsare ko apadastha karatI huI unheM nimnastha zreNI meM rakha detI haiN| udAharaNArtha, kAna dvArA nAka kI yaha bhartsanA dekhiye : kAna' kahai re nAka suna, tU kyoM karai gumAna / jo cAkara Age calai, to nahiM bhUpa samAna / / nAka surani pAnI jharai, bahai saleSma apAra / / gUMghani kara pUrita rahai, lAjai nahIM ga~vAra / / 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 14-15, pRSTha 240 /

Page #208
214 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana terI chIMka sunai jite, karaM na uttama kAja / mUde tuha durgaMdha meM, taU na Avai lAja / ' mUlataH indriyoM ke zIla-vivecana meM kavi kA lakSya unakI heyatA ko prakAzita karatA rahA hai / indriyajanya sukha sukha nahIM hai, vaha nidAna duHkha hai| viSayAdi meM rata rahane ke kAraNa ve manuSya ko naraka-tulya vedanA se vyathita kiye rahatI haiM / indriyoM ke mAyA-jAla meM phaMsakara vaha apane zuddha svarUpa ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai aura unhIM kI dAsatva zRMkhalAoM meM jakar3A rahatA hai| mana, jo indriyoM kA rAjA hai, vaha aura bhI adhika pApI hai / ataH indriyoM kI paratantratA chor3akara use cirantana AtmA kI zaraNa svIkAra karanI cAhie jisase use ananta aura zAzvata sukha upalabdha ho ske| anya caritra 'cetana karma caritra' meM jJAna, viveka, dhyAna, cAritra, saMtoSa, dhairya, dAna, zIla, tapa Adi cetana ke hitaiSI aura sahAyaka pAtra haiM aura unakA citraNa cetana ke mitra, senApati, sainika, sevaka Adi ke rUpa meM huA hai| rAga, dveSa, moha, kAma tathA aSTa karma Adi cetana ke virodhI haiM, jo usase nirantara 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 25-30, pRSTha 241 / 2. mana rAjA kahiye bar3I re, indrina ko siradAra / ATha pahara prerata rahai re, upaja kaI vikAra ||praannii0|| mana indrI saMgata kiya re, jIva parai jaga joya / viSayana kI icchA bar3ha re, kaiseM sivapura hoya / / -vahI, padya 132-133, pRSTha 250 / 3. vahI, padya 143 se 147, pRSTha 251-252 / 4. jJAna bhalAI jAnake, maiM paThyo tohi pAsa / cetana kA pura chAMDake, jo jIvana kI Asa / -vahI, padya 106, pRSTha 66 / 5. vIra suviveka ne dhanuSa le dhyAna kA, mArike subhaTa sAtoM girAye / -vahI, pRSTha 67, padya 125 /

Page #209
caritra-yojanA 215 saMgharSa karate haiM kyoMki ve rAjA moha ke AjJAkArI sevaka haiM / rAga-dveSa kA senApatitva dekhiye : rAga-dveSa dvaya mitra, liye taba bolikaiM / tuma lyAbahu mama phauja, bhavana traya kholikai / bIsa ATha-asavAra, bar3e saba sUramA / ari yo cala AhiM, nadI jyoM sUramA // ' donoM pakSoM kA paraspara yuddha sat aura asat kA yuddha hai / asat pravRttiyoM para sat pravRtiyoM kI vijaya dikhalAnA hI kavi kA abhISTa hai / mAnavIkRta pAtroM ke alAvA pratIkIkRta pAtroM kI bhUmikA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / pratIkIkRta caritra : sAhitya meM pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se bhAvAbhivyaMjanA paramparA se hotI AyI hai / pratIka vaha citra hai jisakA prayoga parokSa kI abhivyakti ke lie pratyakSa vastu ke citraNa meM kiyA jAtA hai / pratIka sadaiva kisI madhyastha prakAra ke vyApAra kA pratinidhi hotA hai / abhivyaMjanA- jagat meM pratIka vidhAna kA mahattva aparihArya hai / pratIkoM abhivyakta kiyA jAtA dvArA satya ko adhika sazakta evaM mArmika rUpa meM hai / yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki kAvya meM pratIkoM kA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, pratyuta ve kAvya ke AdhArabhUta aMga haiM / " prayoga kevala sajAvaTa pratIkIkRta caritra-bhAva kI mahat vyaMjanA arthAt tIvra bhAvAnubhUti karAne meM sahAyaka hote haiM aura mAnava hRdaya kA adhika sazaktatA ke sAtha sparza kara usa para cirasthAyI prabhAva chor3ate haiM / Alocya prabandhoM meM kevala 'madhu binduka caupaI' aura 'sUA battIsI' meM pratIka caritroM kA vidhAna hai / 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 40, pRSTha 56 2. hindI sAhitya koza, pRSTha 471 / 30 DaoN0 kezarInArAyaNa zukla : Adhunika kAvya-dhArA, pRSTha 217 /

Page #210
216 patha bhrAnta puruSa 'madhubinduka caupaI' kA 'patha - bhrAnta puruSa' saMsArI viSayAsakta jIva kA pratIka hai / vaha viSayAsakti ke kAraNa saMsAra ke mahA vana meM paribhramaNa karatA hai, duHkha - sAgara meM gote khAtA huA bhaya trAsa Adi nAnA kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai / ' vaha madhu-bU dapAna kA lobhI, ajJAnI aura mUDhamati hai / vaha aMdhakUpa meM par3A huA aura aneka vedanAeM sahatA huA bhI svayaM koI upAya nahIM socatA / ' guru rUpa vidyAdhara use nikAlane ke lie bhI kahatA hai, parantu madhu-pAna kA svAda jo usake mu~ha laga gayA hai / nidAna vidhAdhara bhI hArakara loTa jAtA hai / vidyAdhara uparyukta kAvya meM hI vidyAdhara suguru kA pratIka hai / guru kA jo dAyitva hai, usakA vaha pUrNa nirvAha karatA hai / kintu nitAnta mUrkha ziSya ko jJAnAmRta kA dAna denA bhI vyartha hai / vidyAdhara aMdha- kUpa ( bhava- kupa ) meM par3e hue puruSa ko nikAlane kA bharasaka prayAsa karatA hai, kintu madhu-bUMda kA lobhI puruSa apanI pUrvAvasthA meM sukha mAnatA huA apane uddhAra kA avasara bhI kho detA hai / suA jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana 'sUA battIsI' kAvya meM 'suA' 'AtmA' (jIva ) kA pratIka hai / Arambha meM vaha guru kA AjJAkArI ziSya nahIM hai / vaha guru-zikSA ke anukUla Aca 1 2. 3. madhubinduka caupaI, padya 14 se 20, pRSTha 136 / vahI, padya 36 se 38, pRSTha 138 / vahI, padya 36, pRSTha 138 /

Page #211
caritra-yojanA 217 raNa nahIM karatA, ata: vaha kleza pAtA hai / asahya vedanA pAne para jaba use guru-vANI yAda AtI hai taba vaha saccA guru-bhakta ho jAtA hai|' niSkarSa samIkSya prabandhakAvyoM meM caritra-yojanA para vicAra karate hue hama isa niSkarSa para Ate haiM ki unameM bhinna-bhinna pravRttiyoM aura samAja ke bhinnabhinna vargoM ke caritroM kA sthAna diyA gayA hai / ina caritroM ke zIla-vivecana meM kaviyoM kI dRSTi bahumukhI rahI hai / caritra-citraNa ke kSetra meM unakI dRSTi paramparA ke pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha navInatA kI ora bhI gayI hai| isa prakAra unhoMne isa jagatItala kI nAnA surUpatAoM evaM kurupatAoM ko vibhitra caritroM ke pariprekSya meM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| Alocya pAtroM meM deva-caritra mAnava ko parokSa zakti kA vizvAsa karAte haiN| mAnava pAtra hamAre hRdaya ko adhika saMvedanazIla hI nahIM banAte, apitu sRSTi ke itihAsa ko bhI adhika prazasta karate haiM / mAnavIkRta aura pratIkIkRta pAtroM kI avatAraNA bhI bar3e mahattva kI hai kyoMki unake caritracitraNa se kavi kI maulika dRSTi aura sRSTi kA patA calatA hai / Alocya racanAoM meM ina sabhI prakAra ke caritroM kA apanA sthAna hai| jaina prabandhoM meM nArI caritroM kI apekSA puruSa caritroM kA adhika saMkhyA meM pardApaNa huA hai / ThIka bhI hai kyoMki bAhya jagat meM nArI kI apekSA puruSa kI daur3a adhika hotI hai| donoM hI prakAra ke caritroM kI yojanA dvArA adharma para dharma, pApa para puNya aura rAga para virAga kI vijaya 1. baiTho lobha nalinI paM jaba / viSaya svAda rasa laTake tabai / laTakata tarai ulaTi gaye bhAva / tara muDI Upara bhaye pAMva // nalinI dRr3ha pakara puni rahai / mukha te vacana dInatA kahai / kou na bana meM chur3Avana hAra / nalinI pakarahi karahi pukAra // -sUA battIsI, padya 10-11, pR0 268 / 2. vahI, padya 25 se 27, pRSTha 270 /

Page #212
218 jana kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ko sarvopari sthAna prApta huA hai / nArI caritroM kI saSTi ke pIche ina kaviyoM kA uddezya prAyaH 'zIla' vrata kI mahimA ko siddha karanA rahA hai| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki puruSa aura nArI, donoM prakAra ke pAtroM ke zIla-nirUpaNa meM jaina kaviyoM kA apanA dRSTikoNa rahA hai / inhoMne sabhI pramukha pAtroM se khUba saMgharSa karAyA hai, kintu anta meM pahuMcakara adhikAMza caritroM ko dIkSA lekara vairAgya dhAraNa karane aura kaThora tapazcaryA meM rata rahane ke lie jaise vivaza kara diyA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki inhoMne mAnava ke jIvana kA antima lakSya dhArmika AsthA ke sAtha jIvana vyatIta karate hue tapa dvArA svarga-mokSa prApta karanA mAna liyA hai / mAno isI rUpa meM bhAratIya saMskRti manuSya ko apane jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa phala prApta karane ke lie saMnyAsAzrama grahaNa karane kA mauna saMdeza de rahI hai| vAstava meM AdhyAtmika sukha ke lie bhautika sukha ko tilAMjali dene kA hamAre kaviyoM kA eka lakSya pratIta hotA hai|

Page #213
adhyAya 5 rasa-yojanA

Page #214
rasa-yojanA rasa kA itihAsa bahuta prAcIna hai| rasa sAhitya kA prANa hai / yadyapi bhAratIya sAhityazAstriyoM ke do varga rahe haiM : eka rasavAdI varga aura dUsarA rasetaravAdI varga; kintu donoM varga virodhI nahIM haiN| antara kevala itanA hai ki prathama varga ke loga rasa ko mahattva dete haiM, kintu dUsare varga ke logoM ne bhI rasa ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA; hA~, unhoMne alaMkAra, vakrokti, rIti Adi ko vizeSa mahattva dekara rasa ke mahattva ko nisteja kara diyA hai / Aja taka rasavAdI maujUda haiM aura rasa se sambandhita aneka carcAeM huI haiN| nayI kavitA rasa ko asvIkAratI huI bhI rasa kI mAnyatA kA mUloccheda nahIM kara sakI hai| usakA arthabodha kevala rasa para hAvI honA cAhatA hai| vastutaH 'rasa hI bhAratIya zilpa aura kalA kA prANa hai-usakI anubhUti ke prakAra ko lekara bahuta bahasa huI hai, para usakI anubhUti kI sacAI para kabhI saMdeha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jo loga rasavAda kA avamUlyana karate haiM, ve jIvana aura sAhitya ke tattva vizeSa ko bhulAkara hI karate haiM / Ananda jIvana kA sAra hai / vahI lakSya bhI hai| jisameM Ananda kI jhA~kI nahIM vaha jIvana kaisA ? aura jisameM jIvana nahIM vaha sAhitya kaisA ?'2 'Ananda do koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-laukika aura alaukika / kAvyAnanda brahmAnanda sahodara kahalAkara lokottara kI-sI pratIti meM laukika hI hai / sAhitya meM rasa kA yaha sthAna sAhitya ko jIvana ke kitanA samIpa siddha karatA hai, isake lie kisI kliSTa kalpanA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|' 1. DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI : hamArI sAhityika samasyAe~, pRSTha 172 173 / 2. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : bikhare phUla : sAhitya meM rasa tattva, pRSTha 136 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 138 /

Page #215
rasa- yojanA sArAMza yaha hai ki 'sAhitya kA carama mAna rasa hI hai jisakI akhaNDatA vyaSTi aura samaSTi, saundarya aura upayogitA, zAzvata aura sApekSika kA antara miTa jAtA hai / " ataH vividha pakSoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kAvya meM rasa kI anivAryatA svataH siddha hai / rasa-upakaraNa 221 bharata muni ke 'vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArIsaMyogAdrasaniSpati : ' sUtrAnusAra eka ora jahA~ rasa - niSpatti ke svarUpa kA saMketa milatA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora usase rasa- niSpatti meM sahAyaka upakaraNa bhI avagata hote haiM / ye upakaraNa vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / unhoMne sthAyI evaM sAtvika bhAvoM ko bhI rasa - sAmagrI ke antargata rakhate hue una sabake sAmAnya guNayoga se hI rasa - niSpatti sambhava batalAI hai / ' vibhAva vAcika, AMgika va sAtvika abhinaya ke sahAre cittavRttiyoM kA vizeSa rUpa se vibhAvana arthAt jJApana karAne vAle hetu 'vibhAva' kahalAte haiM / vibhAvana kA Azaya hai- vizeSa jJAna / vibhAva hI vAsanA-rUpa meM atyanta sUkSma rUpa se avasthita rati Adi sthAyI bhAvoM ko AsvAdya banAte haiM / vibhAva ke do bheda haiM : (1) Alambana vibhAva tathA ( 2 ) uddIpana vibhAva | jo vibhAva Azraya meM bhAva ko jAgrata karate haiM, ve Alambana vibhAva haiM aura jo jAgrata bhAva ko adhikAdhika uddIpta karate haiM, ve uddIpana vibhAva haiM / Alambana ke bhI do bheda haiM : (1) viSaya tathA (2) Azraya | 1. DaoN0 nagendra : vicAra aura vizleSaNa, pRSTha 3 / 2. dekhie -- DaoN0 Ananda prakAza dIkSita : rasa - siddhAnta: svarUpa vizleSaNa, pRSTha 17 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 18 / 4. vahI /

Page #216
222 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bhAvoM ke nimitta-svarUpa vibhAva viSaya athavA Alambana haiM aura jisake hRdaya meM bhAva jAgrata hoM, vaha Azraya hai| anubhAva Alambana, uddIpana Adi kAraNoM se utpanna bhAvoM ko bAhara prakAzita karane vAle kArya 'anubhAva' kahe jAte haiM, arthAt vANI tathA aMga-saMcAlana Adi kI jina kriyAoM se Alambana tathA uddIpana Adi ke kAraNa Azraya ke hRdaya meM jAgrata bhAvoM kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, ve vyApAra 'anubhAva' kahalAte haiN|' 'anubhAvoM ke 'kAyika', 'mAnasika', 'vAcika', 'AhArya' Adi bheda kiye gaye haiN| vyabhicArI bhAva jo bhAva vizeSarUpa se sthAyI bhAva kI puSTi ke lie tatpara yA abhimukha rahate haiM aura sthAyI bhAva ke antargata jinakA AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva hotA rahatA hai, ve saMcArI yA vyabhicArI bhAva kahalAte haiN| saMcAriyoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hai, isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda rahA hai, parantu sAmAnyatayA unakI saMkhyA teMtIsa mAnI gayI hai| sthAyI bhAva sthAyI bhAva manovikAroM meM sarvopari haiN| jo bhAva virodhI evaM avirodhI bhAvoM se vicchinna nahIM hote, apitu viparIta bhAvoM ko apane meM ghulA-milA lete haiM, ve sthAyI bhAva haiM / sthAyI bhAva rasa-pariNati taka sthira 1. hindI sAhitya-koza, pRSTha 26 / nirveda, glAni, zaMkA, asUyA, mada, zrama, Alasya, dainya, cintA, moha, smRti, mati, dhRti, bIr3A, (lajjA), capalatA, harSa, Avega, jar3atA, garva, viSAda, autsukya, nidrA, supti, apasmAra, vibodha, amarSa, avahitthA, ugratA, vitarka, vyAdhi, unmAda, trAsa aura maraNa /

Page #217
rasa-yojanA 223 rahakara rasatva ko prApta hote haiN| ve hI vAstavika Ananda ke pradAtA kahe gaye haiN| prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne sthAyI bhAvoM kI saMkhyA nau (rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA, vismaya aura zama yA nirveda) mAnI hai| Age calakara bhakti aura vAtsalya kA bhI sthAyI bhAvoM ke antargata svataMtra astitva svIkArya ho gyaa| isa prakAra ye gyAraha rasoM (zRMgAra, hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta, zAnta, bhakti aura vAtsalya) ke gyAraha sthAyI bhAva haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI tathA sthAyI bhAva rasa ke Avazyaka aMga yA upakaraNa haiM / rasa-niSpatti inhIM ke saMyoga se hotI hai| prabandha aura rasa bhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva Adi rasAMgoM kA samyak prasAra prabandha kI vistRta bhUmi meM hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| zukla jI ne rasAntargata bhAva kI tIna dazAe~ svIkAra kI haiM-kSaNika dazA, sthAyI dazA aura zIla dazA / mukhyataH bhAva kI kSaNika dazA kI anubhUti muktakakAvya meM, sthAyI dazA kI anubhUti prabandhakAvya meM aura zIla dazA kI anubhUti pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa meM hotI hai| yadi dhyAna se dekhA jAye to prabandhakAvya apanI sImA meM bhAva kI upayukta tInoM dazAoM kA saMsparza kara letA hai| bhAva-rasa kI samyaka abhivyaMjanA ke lie prabandhakAvya sabase upayukta kAvyarUpa hai / yaha avazya hai ki rasa-siddhi ke lie prabandhakavi ko gurutara dAyitva kA bhAra vahana karanA hotA hai| sacamuca prabandha ke itivRtta ke madhya rasa kI pratiSThA bar3A bhArI kAma hai| usameM prabandhakAra ko sambandha-nirvAha, vastu-gati, ghaTanAoM kI zRMkhalA, 1. dekhie-DaoN0 gulAbarAya tathA DaoN. vijayendra snAtaka : Alocaka rAmacandra zukla, pRSTha 87 /

Page #218
224 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana caritra-yojanA, uddezya Adi kitane hI binduoM para dRSTi rakhanI hotI hai aura una sabake bIca meM rasa kI saphala yojanA kitanI kaThinAI se ho pAtI hogI, isakA anubhava prabandhakAra hI kara sakatA hai| saca to yaha hai ki kuzala kavi ke hAtha meM par3akara hI prabandhakAvya rasa kA srota banatA hai| Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM rasa sAmAnyataH yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki Alocya prabandhoM meM prAyaH sabhI rasoM kI yojanA huI hai; parantu unameM pradhAnatA zAnta, bhakti, vIra aura zRgAra (viyoga pakSa) kI hai| unameM bhI zAnta rasa zIrSa para hai, jisakA mUla kAraNa paramparA se prabhAva kA grahaNa hai / hamAre yuga se pUrva suprasiddha jaina kavi (vikrama saMvat 1643-1700) 'navamo zAnta rasana ko nAyaka' kahakara zAnta ko rasoM kA nAyaka svIkAra kara cuke the| ve vAstava meM adhyAtmadhArA ke poSaka the aura zrRMgAra ke antargata mAMsala prema ke virodhii| "navamo zAnta rasana ko nAyaka / e nava rasa eI taba nATaka, jo jahaM magana soi tihi lAyaka // " -banArasIdAsa : nATaka samayasAra, sarvazuddhidvAra, 133 / mAMsakI garaMthi kuca kaMcana kalasa kahaiM, kahaiM mukhacanda jo saleSamA ko ghara hai| hAr3a ke dasana Ahi hIrA motI kahai tAhi, mAMsa ke adhara oTha kaheM biMba pharu haiN| hAr3a daMDa bhujA kahaiM kola-nAla kAma judhA, hAr3a hI ke thaMbhA jaMghA kahaiM raMbhA taru hai| yauM hI jhUThI jugati banAveM au kahAveM kavi, __ ete pai kahaiM hameM sAradA ko baru hai|| -banArasIdAsa : samayasAra, antima prazasti 18 /

Page #219
rasa-yojanA 225 kavi bhUdharadAsa bhI aise 'rasa-kAvya' race jAne ke himAyatI nahIM the|' kintu isase yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki una kaviyoM ne zRMgAra rasa ko nirUpita nahIM kiyA yA isase ve sarvathA asampRkta rhe| zRgAraviSayaka aneka citra unake kAvya meM milate haiN| viyoga ke citra to usameM aura bhI adhika haiM / saMyoga pakSa adhika nahIM ubharA hai, use adhikAMzataH saMyata aura maryAdita rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki unheM zAnta rasa kA rAjatva svIkArya haa| mukhyataH yahI rasa unakI bhAvanAoM kA prazraya-sthala banA / unheM isI rasa meM anya rasa bhI dRSTigocara hue| uparyukta vivecana ke mAdhyama se hameM itanA hI kahanA abhISTa hai ki adhikAMza kaviyoM ne zAnta rasa ko pramukha rasa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI adhikatara racanAoM meM zAnta rasa pradhAna hai; aura jinameM zAnta rasa pradhAna nahIM hai, ve zAntAvasita avazya haiN| unameM kucha zRMgAra aura kucha vIra-rasAtmaka haiM, jinakI pariNati zAnta rasa meM hI dikhAyI detI hai / eka-do kAvyoM meM bhakti rasa aMgI hokara AyA hai / rAga udaya jaga aMdha bhayo, sahaje saba logana lAja gNvaaii| sIkha binA nara sIkhata haiM, viSayani ke sevana kI sugharAI / / tApara aura race rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI nitthuraaii| aMdha asUjhani kI akhiyAna meM jhoMkata haiM raja rAma duhAI // --nemicandra zAstrI : hindI-jaina-sAhitya-parizIlana, pRSTha 224 / guna vicAra siMgAra, vIra udyama udAra rukha / karunA rasa sama rIti, hAsa hiradai uchAha sukha / aSTa karama dala malana, rudra barate tihi thAnaka / tana vilakSa vIbhatsa, dvanda dukha dasA bhayAnaka / adbhuta anaMta bala citavana, zAnta sahaja bairAga dhuva / navarasa vilAsa paragAsa taba, subodha ghaTa pragaTa huva / / -banArasIdAsa : nATaka samayasAra, sarvazuddhidvAra 134 /

Page #220
226 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zAnta rasa 'zAnta rasa anirvAcya aura zama kA prakarSa hai| isameM saba bhAvoM kA zama pradhAna rahatA hai aura rAga-dveSAdi kA abhAva / isakA sthAyI bhAva zama yA nirveda hai / mokSa, brahma yA AtmA kA ananta sukha Alambana aura sAdhUsaMgati, tattvajJAna, vastujagat kI nissAratA Adi uddIpana haiM / yamaniyamAdi (kAma-krodha, rAga-dveSAdi kA abhAva) anubhAva haiM aura dhRti, mati, glAni, dainya, harSa Adi saMcArI haiN| zAnta rasa ke uparyukta avayavoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue 'pArzvapurANa', 'zataaSTottarI',3 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'sUA battIsI', 'neminAtha carita'6 prabhRti kAvya zAnta rasa pradhAna kAvya haiM / inakI AdhikArika evaM prAsaMgika kathAoM ke madhya meM yathAvasara anya rasoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai, kintu unameM adhikAMza sthala zAnta rasa ke haiM aura unake paryavasAna meM zAnta rasa niSpanna huA hai| kAvyagata samagra prabhAva kI dRSTi se ina prabandhakAvyoM meM 1. dhanaMjaya : dazarUpaka, 4 : 45 / (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 13 se 16, pRSTha 17 / (kha) vahI, padya 75 se 103, pRSTha 33 se 35 / (ga) vahI, padya 62 se 85, pRSTha 55 se 57 / (gha) vahI, padya 76 se 12, pRSTha 115-116 / 3. zataaSTottarI, padya 5 se 106, pRSTha 6 se 32 / 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 120 se 146, pRSTha 246 se 252 / 5. (ka) sUA battIsI, padya 3 se 7, pRSTha 268 / " (kha) vahI, padya 22 se 32, pRSTha 266 se 270 / 6. neminAtha carita, padya 161 se 166 / paMcendriya kI prIti sauM re, jIva sahai dukha ghora / / kAla anaMtahi jaga phirai re, kahuM na pAvai Thaura // // prANI Atama dharama anUpa re // kramazaH

Page #221
rasa-yojanA 227 nirveda, zama aura vairAgya kI sazakta abhivyakti hai, jo zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA ko dyotita karatI hai : suni dUta vacana vairAge / nija mana prabhu socana lAge / maiM indrAsana sukha kIne / lokottama bhoga navIne // taba tRpati bhaI tahA~ nAhIM / kyA hoya manuSapada maahiiN|| jo sAgara ke jala setii| na bujhI tisanA aitI // ye bhIma bhujaMga sarIkhe / bhrama bhAva udaya subha dIkhe // cAkhata hI ke mukha mIThe / paripAka samaya kaTaH diitthe|| jyoM khAya dhatUrA koI / dekhe saba kaMcana soI // dhika ye indrI sukha aise / viSabela lage phala jaise / / mamatA basa tapa nahiM lInoM / yaha kAraja joga na kInoM / / aba khAlI DhIla na kIjai / cArita cintAmani lIjai // yaha saMsAra se pArzvanAtha kI virakti kA citra hai| isameM pArzvanAtha Azraya, cAritrya-cintAmaNi arthAt paramAtmasukha Alambana; dUta ke virAgaviSayaka vacana, tattvajJAnAdi uddIpana; sAMsArika sukhoM se virakti, dhRti, mati, glAni Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / ina sabase puSTa sthAyI bhAva nirveda zAnta rasa kI sthiti ko pahuMcA hai| mana indrIsaMgati kiye re, jIva paraM jaga joya / viSayana kI icchA bar3he re, kaise zivapura hoya ||praannii0|| indrina te mana mAriye re, . joriye Atama mAhiM / toriye nAto rAga sauM re, phoriye bala zyoM thAhiM ||praannii0|| indrina neha nivAriye re, TAriye krodha kaSAya / dhAriye sampati sAsvatI re, tAriye tribhuvana rAya ||praannii0|| -paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 131-135, pRSTha 250-51 / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 76-62, pRSTha 115-116 /

Page #222
rasa-yojanA karma caritra', ' ' nemIzvara - rAsa " " sUA battIsI Adi zAnta rasAvasita prabandhakAvya haiM / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ina kAvyoM meM aMgI rasa zAnta hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'cetanakarma caritra' meM aMgIrasa vIra hai, kintu vIra rasa kI yaha krIr3A zAnta rasa ke hI kror3a meM huI hai / itanA avazya hai ki ina prabandhoM meM sthAna-sthAna para zAnta rasa ke aneka citra hai / " 1. avicala dhAma base ziva bhUpa / aSTaguNAtama siddha svarUpa || paramita paradeza | kiMcita UnoM thita vinabheza // niraMjana carama deha nAma | kAla anaMtahi dhruva vizrAma // puruSAkAra bhava kadAca na kabahU hoya / sukha anaMta bilase nita soya // - cetana karma caritra, padya 87, pRSTha 83 // nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1261 se 1268, pRSTha 74 / 2. 3. dhyAvata Apa mAMhi jagadIza | duhu~ pada eka virAjata Iza // vidhi suaTA dhyAvata dhyAna / dina dina pragaTata subha kalyAna // anukramaziSa pada jiya ko bhayo / sukha anaMta vilasata nita nayo || satasaMgati sabako sukha deya / jo kachu hiya meM jJAna dhareya // - sUA battIsI, padya 30-31, pRSTha 270 / 4. DaoN0 siyArAma tivArI : hindI ke madhyakAlIna khaNDakAvya, pR0 368 / 5. bhAMvara anta na pAI // e neha sabai duSadAI | bhava saMsAra bhramyo ati jIva / nAnA vidha neha sapanA sama e suSa jANoM / inasauM jo nAhi te rule caturgata mAhI / tina kauna kahai suSa suta mAta pitA parivAra / bhaganI viSayAdika te nahiM cUke / tAtai gayo kAla atIta anAda | pAyau duSa dhari paramAda // bala rUpa vidyA mada kInau / kula prabhutA rasa bhInau // jada lAbha tathau mada Anyo / tAthe suSa apano tisanA kara nahiM pUraNa thAya / mari mari kari bahu yaha jIvana sAMjha prakAsa | binaseM tataSina mAnyau // kAya // mAsa // 226 sadIva || aghANoM // pAhI // baMdhava bahu nAra // narakAdika kramazaH

Page #223
230 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bhakti rasa Alocya kAvyoM meM zAnta rasa ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna bhakti rasa kA hai| unameM sthala-sthala para divya ke prati anurAga kI jhalaka hai / yahI anurAga bhakti rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai| prazna uThatA hai ki ina prabandhoM meM bhakti ke Alambana kauna haiM ? divya anurAga kisake prati vyakta kiyA gayA hai ? jabaki jaina-paramparA meM 'rAga' ko bandha kA hetu aura mokSa-mArga meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha anurAga 'vItarAgI' (rAga-dveSa rahita) ke prati hai| vItarAgI svayaM kI AtmA (AtmA kI sarvocca avasthA) bhI hai,' arhanta yA tIrthaMkara bhI haiM aura AcArya yA guru bhI haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki vItarAgI prabhu hI bhakti ke Alambana haiN| prabandhakAvyoM meM 'phUlamAla paccIsI' sampUrNataH bhakti rasa kA kAvya jIvana jala budabudA jaanauN| thiratA na kahu~ ThaharAnauM // tAte tajiye iha saMsAra / suSa nAhIM duSa lahai apAra / china china kAla grase nahIM ttrai| viSaI mUr3ha mahA duSa bharai / / -sItA carita, padya 2022-28, pRSTha 115 / '. "AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'rAga' ko bhakti kahA hai, kintu usa rAga ko jo arhanta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacana meM zuddha bhAva se kiyA jAye / " -AcArya pUjyapAda : sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 24 kA bhASya / zataaSTottarI, padya 61, pRSTha 28 / 3. rAjA calyau sAthi saba loga / cale sabai muni vaMdana joga / / rAjA jAya namosta karai / bArU bAra bhagati uccara // 256 / / -baMkacora kI kathA, pRSTha 26 /

Page #224
rasa-yojanA 231 hai| anya prabandhakAvyoM meM bhakti rasa kI yojanA aneka rUpoM meM huI hai| 'pAvapurANa', 'nemIzvara rAsa',3 'neminAtha maMgala" prabhati kAvyoM meM tIrthakaroM kI paMca kalyANaka stutiyoM meM bhakti rasa kI pratiSThA hai| unameM tIrthaMkara - 1. sagaMdha puSpa beli kunda ketakI maMgAya ke / cameli campa sevatI juhI guhI ju lAikai // gulAba kaMja lAicI sabai sugaMdha jAti ke / sumAlatI mahA pramoda le aneka bhA~ti ke // suvarNa tAra poha bIca moti lAla lAiyA / suhIra patra nIla pIta padma joti chAiyA // zacI racI vicitra bhA~ti citra de banAi hai / su indra ne uchAha sauM jinendra ko car3hAi hai // -phUlamAla paccIsI, padya 6 / (ka) tuma jagapati devana ke deva / tuma jina svayaM buddha svayameva // tuma jagarakSaka tuma jagatAta / tuma bina kArana baMdhu vikhyAta / namo deva asarana AdhAra / namo sarva atisaya bhaMDAra / / namo sakala siva saMpati karana / namo namo jina tArana tarana // -pAvapurANa, padya 60-62, pRSTha 102-103 / (kha) vahI, padya 146 se 162, pRSTha 137-138 / (ka) nemIzvararAsa, padya 716, pRSTha 42 / (kha) vahI, padya 736, pRSTha 43 / / __ arI prabhu pradakSinA dInI ho / arI sura vRSTi kusuma kInI hAM / arI nabha dudaMbhI bajAvai hAM / arI surapata ThAr3he guna gAvaM hAM / ThAr3he to surapati kare pUjA nema tapa kalyANa kI / aSTa dravya caDhAi kInI AratI guru gyAna kI / dhanya dhanya kahi karai astuti parama AnaMdita bhaye / devagaNa saba saMga lekari Apu prabhu sivapura ko gaye / -neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 5 /

Page #225
232 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana Alambana aura prAya: indra Azraya haiM / Alambana ke guNAdi uddIpana vibhAva hai / citta vRtti kI ekAgratA aura hRdaya meM harSAdi kA udva elana anubhAva haiM / harSa, sukha, smRti Adi saMcArI haiM / ina sabase poSita bhakti-bhAva bhakti rasa kI anubhUti karAtA hai / 2 'zIla kathA', ' ' sItA carita', 'zreNika carita" Adi prabandhoM meM bhakti rasa ke katipaya sthala acche bana par3e haiN| inameM bhakta hRdaya kI samarpaNabhAvanA kA unmeSa dikhAyI detA hai / karuNA sAgara araja hmaarii| tArana tarani sadA sukhakArI // dIna dayAla suno tuma soya / tuma bina prabhu aura nahi koya // mAta pitA tuma hI jaga mAhIM / tuma bina bAMdhava jaga meM nAhIM // maiM to jinavara zaraNa tihArI / aba rAkho prabhu lAja hamArI // - zIlakathA, pRSTha 75 / - 2. sItA carita, padya 2087 se 2066, pRSTha 116 / 3. cita niramala ghari praNameM jina pada adhika bhagati ura dhAra / aSTa dravya zubha sethI pUjA bhUpata kareM adhikAra || // zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho // sugaMdha mili pUje zrI jinarAi | nAsana ko kAraNa nRpa mana lAi // ||shrii arahaMta " sugaMdha subha akSata pUja karAI / kAraNa bhUpata jI pUje mana bhAi // ||shrii arahata ************* || ************ || bhAsai tribhuvana AdhAra / ganadhara Adi muni sAra // ||shrii arahaMta.......... ************** | -zreNika carita, padya 1210, 12, 13, 20, pRSTha 82-83 / 1. zrIkhaMDa kuMkuma kapUra saMsAra bhramana AtApa taMdula ujala aSaMDa akSaya pada prApta ke jugala hasta jori stuti tuma guNa pAra lahai nahIM surapati

Page #226
rasa-yojanA 233 'madhubinduka caupaI'' tathA 'sUA battIsI" kAvya guru-bhakti ke Adarza se pariplAvita haiN| 'nemicandrikA" (AsakaraNa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'neminAtha carita', 'zivaramaNI vivAha', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'nemibyAha' kAvyoM meM bhakti rasa dAmpatya rati bhAva ke rUpa meM caramotkarSa para pahuMcA huA dikhAyI detA hai| yaha dAmpatya rati bhAva laukika kama aura alaukika adhika hai| yaha AsakaraNa kRta 'nemicandrikA ke atirikta 'zivaramaNI vivAha' meM AdhyAtmika vivAha ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA hai / kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki adhikAMza jaina kaviyoM ko bhakta-hRdaya prApta thA / ve bhakta pahale the aura kavi bAda meM / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake kAvyoM meM aneka sthaloM para bhakti rasa kI gaMgA sahajataH baha uThI hai| 1. padya 55 se 57, pRSTha 140 / 2. sUA battIsI, padya 26-27', pRSTha 270 / 3. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 18 / pIva ko saMga chor3a nhiiN| rahU~gI dhyAna lagAi / nija pada jANyo jI sAsatau, deha tajU duSa dAi // kAjalai TIko dhoikai jI, diyA taMbola bahAi / kSIrodadhi sabai DAriyo jI, dIyA sabai sAjai vegAi // -neminAtha carita, padya 162, 198, 166 / 5. zivaramaNI vivAha, padya 15-16 / so tatakSaNa ho jAya car3hI girinAri jinendra nihAriyo / taba rAjula ho tIna pradakSaNa de kari jina jaya kAriyo / jAya jina kI karI astuti gadya padya suhAvanI / aSTAMga nami taba bhAla bhUdhari karai gati mati pAvanI // kara kaMja saMpuTa dhare zira para dIna vAMnI uccarI / eka paga se khar3I rAjula nemi kI astuti karI // -rAjula paccIsI, padya 16, pRSTha 11 / .. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 28-26 /

Page #227
234 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zrRMgAra rasa vivecya yuga zRMgAra-yuga thaa| usakA prabhAva jaina prabandhakAroM para bhI par3A, kintu pratikriyAtmaka rUpa meN| unakA lakSya zRMgAra kA nirUpaNa nahIM thaa| unhoMne nArI ke rUpa-saundarya aura prema-vilAsa Adi ke citroM ko prAyaH zAnta rasa kI pariNati ke lie rUpAyita kiyA hai| unake kAvya meM saMyoga zRMgAra kI apekSA viyoga zRMgAra kI mArmika vivRti ko adhika prazraya milA hai| saMyoga pakSa 'zreNika carita,'' 'sItA carita,'6 'namIzvara rAsa Adi kAvyoM meM saMyoga zRMgAra ke thor3e-se sthaloM kA samAveza hai| ye sthala abhilASa se vilor3ita aura kAma-saundarya se Ardra haiM / _ 'neminAtha carita' meM rAjula dvArA priya-milana kI utkaMThA se kiyA gayA zrRMgAra bhI saMyoga zRMgAra ke antargata AyegA : rAjula apane mahala meM kara sor3asa siMgAra / rUpa adhika syau adhika chabi, nainA kAjala saar|| netra kamala dala muSa sasi dIya / nAsA kIra dasana kuMda jIya / / kanaka kalasa kuca kaTi mRga baaj| kadalI thama jaMgha siratAja / / navasiSa sobhA nRpa bahu prIti / prAnahu te ati pyArI rIti / / -zrINika carita, pRSTha 3 / anaMga aMga AliMga ko, raMga bahuta ura mAMhi / saMga tyAgi udyama kiyo, rahai bana aba nAMhi / / tataSiNa laMkA meM gayo, sundari dhari mana mAMhi / saMdeso le vegi de, maiM AU~ tuma pAMhi // -sItA carita, padya 1264-65, pRSTha 70 / 3. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 268, pRSTha 18 /

Page #228
rasa-yojanA 235 kAnA kuMDala jagamaga, gala motina ko hAra / sIsa phUla sundara vaNyo, nevara paga jhanakAra // kara kaMkaNa ratanA jaDyA, motI vividha prakAra / ' yahA~ rAjula Azraya hai aura neminAtha Alambana / vivAha kA rAgaraMga uddIpana vibhAva hai / praphullatA aura abhilASA, harSa-autsukya Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| isa prakAra rati sthAyI bhAva paripuSTa hokara saMyoga zrRMgAra rasa kA citra prastuta kara rahA hai / kahIM-kahIM saMbhoga. zRMgAra kA sthAyI bhAva rati jugupsA ke kAraNa bhAva-zAnti meM pariNata ho gayA hai, yathA-yazodhara carita meN| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki aise dRzyoM ke nirUpaNa meM jaina kaviyoM kA lakSya saMbhoga zRgAra ko sAkAra karanA nahIM, varan unake mAdhyama se antataH virakti ke bhAva ko uddIpta karanA rahA hai / viyoga pakSa hamAre prabandhakAroM ko zRMgAra kA saMyoga pakSa nAmamAtra ko hI AkarSita kara sakA pratIta hotA hai| hA~, unheM to viyoga hI adhika bhAyA hai| unakI dRSTi viyoga meM khUba ramI hai / unheM nArI kI zIla-parIkSA aura usake zIla-nirUpaNa ke lie viyoga ko mahattva denA hI abhISTa rahA hai / kahanA na hogA ki unakI bhAvukatA ke lie, unake hRdaya kI komala vRttiyoM ke prasAra ke lie, unake vyaktitva ke vistAra ke lie Azraya-sthala vipralaMbha zRgAra hI banA hai| vibhinna kaviyoM ne vibhinna prakAra se nArI kI vividha manodazAoM ko bar3I mArmikatA se abhivyaMjita kiyA hai / 'sItA carita' meM sItA kA viyoga aneka sthaloM para sAmane AyA hai| senApati jaba durdamanIya vana meM garbhavatI sItA ko chor3akara cala detA hai, to 1. neminAtha carita, padya 60 se 12 / 2. yazodhara carita, padya 265 /

Page #229
236 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana sItA kA yaha vilApa aura hAhAkAra kisa hRdaya ko hilAne meM samartha nahIM hotA : sItA phire cahUM disa kabahUM mahA moha ati sItA kareM vilApa hA X vana meM, neka na kareM asAsa | pUrana, kabahUM gyAna vilAsa // hA karma kahA bhayau~ / 1. prastuta sthala para sItA Azraya hai aura rAma Alambana / priya-vichoha kA duHkha, vana kI ekAntatA aura bhayAnakatA, senApati kA gamana Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| Avega, dainya, moha, viSAda, capalatA, smRti Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM aura cahu~ ora vana meM phiranA, AkulatA se bharanA, kiMcita bhI dhairya na rakhanA, vilApa karanA, karma ko pukAranA, duHkha bhara kara ro denA aura pala-pala meM bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM ko prApta honA Adi anubhAva haiM / 2. X X kabahu~ka duSa bhari roya de, kabahu~ka hAMse karma / kabahu~ka Arati dhyAna maya, kabahu~ sa~bhAre dharma // ' isI kAvya meM sItA haraNa ke avasara para viyogI rAma dvArA sampanna kArya - vyApAroM meM bhI vipralaMbha zRMgAra kI acchI jhalaka milatI hai / lakSmaNa ko akelA dekhakara ve Azcarya se bhara uThate haiM aura bar3e vega se Age bar3hate haiM / dekhate haiM ki sItA nahIM hai / ve vikala hokara dharatI para gira par3ate haiM, mUrcchA khulane para ve turanta uThakara Age cala par3ate haiM aura pratyeka se pUchate haiM ki tumane sItA ko dekhA hai ? rAma kI isa vikalatA meM viyoga- dazA kA citra atyanta mArmika bana par3A hai / " sItA carita, pRSTha 6 / rAma gayo cali vega de, Age sItA nAhiM | mUrachita va dharanI paryo, duSa vyApo tana mAhiM // sAvaceta hUvau turata, uThi kari cAlyo rAma / sAvana ko pUchata phireM, kahuM deSI sItA vAma // -vahI, padya e23-24 //

Page #230
rasa-yojanA 237 'sItA carita' meM jahAM saMyogAtmaka sthala bahuta thor3e haiM, vahA~ viyogAtmaka sthaloM kI bahulatA hai / ' Age vipralaMbha zRMgAra kA eka citra 'zIla kathA' se uddhRta hai : aba tAhI araNya ke mAMhI / aise jo vilApa karAMhI / / tuma bina sahe duHkha ghanere / suna lIja sAhaba mere / / maiM pIhara hU te kAr3hI / aru mehara te hU chAMr3I // aba par3I araNya ke mAMhI / mokauM kahu~ saranau nAhIM / / tAte saiyA suna lIja / sapanehU dikhAI dIjai // aiso rudana kiyo bahu tAne / pazu paMchI suna kumhalAne / / siMhAdika pazu jo hoii| ati duSTa svabhAvI soI / / te bhI ati rudana karAveM / AMsU bahu naina bahAveM // yaha manoramA kI viraha-vihvala avasthA kA prasaMga hai| manoramA Azraya aura usakA priya Alambana hai / ekAMta, bhayAnaka araNya, priyatama se vichoha, sasurAla aura mAyake donoM sthAnoM se usakA parityAga uddIpana haiN| viSAda-udvalana, vilApa aura rodana anubhAva hai / smRti, viSAda, glAni Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| yahA~ vipralaMbha kI tIvra vyaMjanA meM sabase adhika sahAyaka huA hai-pazu-pakSiyoM kA kumhalAnA, rudana karanA aura AMsU bhaanaa| uparyukta kAvya meM viyoginI manoramA ke vihvala hRdaya kI bhAvanAoM meM hI vipralaMbha zRMgAra sAkAra nahIM huA hai, apitu usake pati sukhAnanda kI bhI lagabhaga vaisI hI sthiti hai| vaha vastra-AbhUSaNoM ko utArakara, phakIrI veza banAkara, aMga meM bhabhUta ramAkara pAgaloM jaisI vismRti-smRti lekara apanI priyA ke lie 'hAya gaI kita hAya gaI' pukAratA phiratA hai / usake mano 1. sItA carita, pRSTha 6 / 2. zIla kathA, pRSTha 37-38 / '. vahI, pRSTha 58-56 /

Page #231
238 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bhAvoM evaM kArya-vyApAroM meM gumphita usakI viyogAtmaka sthiti rasa kI pUrNa dazA ko pahu~cakara sahRdayoM ko romAMcita karatI hai / 'neminAtha carita', 'nemirAjula bArahamAsa saMvAda', 'nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), 'nemicandrikA' (manaraMgalAla), 'nemIzvara rAsa" prabhRti kAvyoM meM rAjula kA viraha-varNana atyanta bhAvamaya aura hRdayadrAvaka hai / eka rAjakumArikA pANigrahaNa ke samaya apane priyatama ke pANigrahaNa se vaMcita raha jAye, usakA priyatama tatkAla parvata-pradeza meM tapasyA ke lie calA jAye, isase adhika bhAgya kI viDambanA aura kyA ho sakatI hai ? aise vicitra avasara para aisI kauna nArI hai, jisakA hRdaya nAnA bhAvoM kI krIr3AsthalI na bane ? kavi AsakaraNa kRta 'nemicandrikA' meM rAjula kI viraha-vedanA dekhane yogya hai : e koI paThavahu catura sujAna, kumara murakAiye ho / e maiM binatI karauM kara jori, yahA~ unheM lAiye ho / jo hoi viyoga tihAro, niraphala va janama hmaaro| tAtai saMjama aba tajiye, saMsAra taNAM sukha bhjiye| jala bina jIva kima mIna, taise haM tuma AdhIna / tuma bhAva dayA kI kInhA, saba jIva chur3Ai dInhA / / -neminAtha carita, padya 105-106 / piya lAgaMgo caita vasaMta suhAvanoM phUleMgI bela sabai banarAI / phUleMgI kAminI jAko piyA ghara phUleMge phUla sabai banarAI / / khelahiMge braja ke bana meM sabai bAla gopAla ru kuvara kanhAI / nemi piyA uTha Avo ghare tuma kAhe ko karahau loga haMsAI // 20 // -nemirAjula bArahamAsa saMvAda, pRSTha 42 / 3. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 17, 20, 21, 22 / 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1048, pRSTha 61 /

Page #232
236 rasa-yojanA calI jAye mAraga meM soya / paMtha akelI milyau na koya / piyA piyA tahAM karata vilApa / kahA kaMtha maiM kIno pApa // kAhe kaMtha dukha moko diyo / kaune mero sukha hara liyau // jana nahiM pAvahi uttara dehi / dIragha svAsa usAsa ju lehi // kaisI mArmikatA hai isa citra meM ! rasa ke sabhI upakaraNa haiM isameM / vipralambha zRMgAra kI yaha yojanA kitanI anUThI hai ! hamArA saMvedanazIla hRdaya ina paMktiyoM kI bhAvAtmakatA se khiMcakara, bhAva-vihvala hokara gahare meM DUbatA calA jAtA hai| isI prakAra manaraMgalAla kI 'nemicandrikA' se bhI eka uddharaNa draSTavya hai : kaMkhau sakala sarIra tasu, roma roma phaharAya / dhUmi giri bhU para turata, bhaI acetana bhAya / pIya viyoga sUraya uyau kirana sahI ati jora / ramati rUpa kamodanI, murajhAnI laSi bhora // 2 yahA~ viyogajanya vedanA kI pUrNa vivRtti hai; yahI viyoga-dazA kI parAkASThA hai / Azraya kI zArIrika vikalatA, jo jar3atA meM pariNata ho gayI hai, usakI dIna dazA ko kitanI udAttatA se dyotita karatI hai ! kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki katipaya Alocya kAvyoM meM vipralaMbha zRgAra ke sthala adhika bhAvAtmaka haiM / unakA rasa pAThakoM kI dharohara hai| unameM saMyoga zRMgAra ke alpa sthala haiM / anya rasoM kI yojanA para Age vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / vIra rasa Alocya granthoM meM vIra rasa pradhAna kAvya bhI milate haiM, jinameM 'cetana 1. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 16 / 2. nemicndrikaa.(mnrNglaal)|

Page #233
240 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana karma caritra' pramukha hai / yadyapi vaha ( vIra rasa ) anta meM jAkara zAnta rasa meM tirohita ho gayA hai, kintu kAvya meM pradhAnatA vIra rasa kI hai aura vahI usakA aMgI rasa hai / kAvya kA nAyaka cetana AraMbha se anta taka moha tathA anya zatruoM se yuddha kara una para vijaya prApta karane kI kriyA meM sajaga aura saceSTa hai tathA usameM eka vIra kA aTUTa utsAha hai / ' kisI kArya ke sampanna karane ke hetu hamAre mAnasa meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI satvara kriyA sajaga rahatI hai, vahI to utsAha hai', ' jo vIra rasa kA AsvAdana karAtA hai | isa kAvya meM vIra rasa kA samucita nirvAha aneka rUpoM meM huA hai / yuddha kI cunautI, ' senA kI sajAvaTa evaM vyavasthA,' vIroM kA utsAha, darpa evaM svAbhimAna, raNanAda aura yuddha kI bhayAnakatA, ' donoM pakSoM meM paraspara aneka astra-zastroM ke satata prahAra, ' yuddha - kauzala' Adi sabhI meM vIra rasa kI vyaMjanA hai | eka vIrarasAtmaka sthala lIjie : 1. bharata : nATya zAstram, pRSTha 83 / 2. cetana karma caritra, padya 15 se 28, pRSTha 56-57 / 3. vahI, padya 42-43, pRSTha 56 / 4. aura sunahu merI aradAsa | taba sudhyAna boleM mukha baina / Age saba ari nasi jAya / prathama svabhAva kahe maiM vIra / mohi na lAgeM ari ke tIra // china meM karU arina ko nAsa // hukama tumhAre jItoM saina || sUra dekha jima timira palAya // - vahI, padya 51-52, pRSTha raNasiMge bajjahi, kou na bhajjahi, karahi mahA dou juddha / ita jIva haMkArahi, nija parivArahi, karahu arina ko ruddha // uta moha calAve, taba dala dhAvaM, cetana pakaro Aja / iha vidhi dou dala meM kala nahi pala, karahiM aneka ilAja // -vahI, padya 165, pRSTha 61 / 5. f vahI, padya 166 se 170, pRSTha 72 / (ka) vahI, padya 163-64, pRSTha 74 / (kha) vahI, padya 252, pRSTha 80 / 7. 0 1

Page #234
rasa-yojanA 241 car3hata saba vIra manadhIra asavAra ha, dekhi aridalana ko mAna bhNj| pekhi jayavaMta jinacaMda sabahI kaheM, Aja para dalani ko sahI gaMjai // atihi Ananda bhara vIra umagaMta saba, Aja hama bhir3ana ko dAva paayo| yuddha aiso vikaTa dekhi ari tharahareM, hoya hama nAma dina dina svaayo|| rAjA cetana ke sainikoM kA utsAha nizita hai / cetana pakSa ke senAnI Azraya aura unakA aridala Alambana hai| zatru pakSa kI taiyArI aura aridala-darpa-dalana kI kAmanA Adi uddIpana haiM / apane-apane vAhanoM para savAra honA, jinezvara kI jaya-jayakAra karanA Adi anubhAva haiM / dhairya, garva, harSa, autsukya Adi saMcArI haiM / utsAha to sthAyI bhAva hai hI, jisase vIra rasa sundara rUpa meM vyaMjita huA hai / _ 'cetana karma caritra' ke atirikta 'sItAcarita', 'zreNika carita,3 nemIzvara rAsa, Adi kAvyoM ke katipaya sthaloM para vIra rasa kA unmukta pravAha dikhAyI detA hai| unameM vIroM kA dhairya, sAhasa, garva aura utsAha vividha pakSoM se dekhA jA sakatA hai| 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 103-104, pRSTha 65 / 2. (ka) sItA carita, padya 1177 se 1283, pRSTha 66 / (kha) vahI, padya 1427 se 1460, pRSTha 77 se 82 / zreNika carita, padya 844, pRSTha 58 / raNa bherI bAjI tahAM, dou senA sanamuSa Aya tau| Apasa meM jhUjhar3a lagI, caturaMgani senA sanamukha jAya to|| rAsa bhaNoM zrI nemi ko / / gaja setI gaja A bhiDyA, ghur3alA syoM ghur3alA kI mAra to| ratha setI ratha hI lar3e, paidala setI paidala sAra to ||raas0|| cItkAra ratha ati karai, daMtI garaje megha samAna to| ghor3A hIse ati ghaNA, camaka bIja khar3aga samAna tau ||raas0|| saMSa ko nAda suNyauM jahA~, dasoM disa thirarAya to|| raNa karavA sanamuSa bhayA, Apasa meM jur3iyA adhikAya to||raas0|| -nemIzvara rAsa, padya 842, 44, 48, 52, pRSTha 46-50 /

Page #235
242 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana upayukta kAvyoM ke alAvA 'sItA carita' meM bhI vIra rasa ke aneka sthaloM kI avatAraNA huI hai| usameM yaha rasa mUrta hokara A baiThA hai : rAmacaMda balavaMta pitA soM yoM kahyau / jo thI mana meM bAta divasa soI lahyau / ve vana bahutai kATha Agi kI hama cinagArI / kareM nAsa china mAMhi pavana jyoM pahala ur3ArI // ___ yaha rAma kI vIratA kA zaMkhanAda hai / rAma Azraya, dakSiNa ke upadravI rAkSasa Alambana haiM / dazaratha ke vAtsalyapUrita vacana (tuma komala aura sukumAra ho, janma se tumane kabhI yuddha nahIM kiyA) tathA dakSiNa meM rAkSasoM dvArA zAnti bhaMga karanA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiM / rAmacandra kI praphullatApUrita garvoktiyA~ anubhAva haiM / harSa, garva, dhRti ityAdi saMcArI bhAva haiM aura sthAyI bhAva utsAha hai| isa prakAra vIra rasa kA yaha saMzliSTa citra bar3A manorama hai| vastutaH yaha kAvya vIra rasa ke aneka sthaloM ko samAviSTa kiye hue hai / isameM isa rasa ke raMga badalate hue aneka citra prApta hote haiN|' 1. sItA carita, padya 167, pRSTha 12 / / 2. (ka) mahA subhaTa balavaMta cale saMgrAma koN| chA~Di sabai parivAra dhanI ke dhAma koM / / bADhAlI viSadhAra camaka bIjulI / mahAteja ati kAMta hutAsana kI klii|| deSata hI dhasakaMta hiyau kAyara taNoM / sAvaMta raNa meM jAya haraSa ura meM ghnnoN| -vahI, padya 1426-30, pRSTha 76 / (kha) mAryo hai gahivANa vimAna choddike| vAyupUta dhujA gayau sara toddikai|| phira dUjo kara vANa sitAvI DAri ke / chUTata hI raghu cUra kiyo sara sAra ke|| sIghara tIjo vANa liyo kara tAMNa ke|| -vahI, padya 1437-38, pRSTha 76 /

Page #236
rasa- yojanA 243 Upara Alocya kRtiyoM meM niyojita vIra rasa ko eka sImita paridhi ke bhItara anuzIlita kiyA gayA hai; kintu unameM anya rasoM kI yojanA ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / raudra rasa 'cetana karma carita ', ' ' pArzvapurANa, " 'zIla kathA," 'sItAcarita', 'nemIzvara rAsa" prabhRti prabandhakAvyoM meM adhikAMzataH vIrarasAtmaka sthaloM (ka) cetana karma carita, padya 14, pRSTha 56 / (kha) vahI, padya - 10, pRSTha 56 / (ga) vahI, padya 157 se 161, pRSTha 71 / 2. (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 168 - 166, pRSTha 41 / (kha) kopyo adhika na thAmyo jAya / 1 rAte loyana prajulI kAya // - vahI, padya 18, pRSTha 123 / vaisAMdara jyauM ghRta DArauM / taise bhUpati parajArau // turatahiM kiMkara bulavAye / tinasauM taba hukama karAye // kumarA ko bAMdha ke lAvau / Derana te musaka car3hAvo // aru zUlI para dhara dIjai / dhanamAla lUTa saba lIjai // - zIlakathA, pRSTha 51 / 1. 3. 4. (ka) sItA carita, padya 1487-88, pRSTha 82 / (kha) yakSa uThe ati kopa kari, pIr3A dekhI loka / krodha kari uThe turata, dala bAdara ko roka // (ga) tabahi lakSmana deSa - vahI, padya 1745, pRSTha 48 / asAsa / cAlo sanamukha ima bhAsa / re duSTa mahA pAmiSTa ayAna / hIna puruSa aru mada kI bAna // - vahI, padya 1191, pRSTha 107 / jaise telara agani milAya tau / / mujhate kaMpa dIpa aDhAya tau // // rAsa bhaNoM zrI nemi ko || - nemIzvara rAsa, padya 236, pRSTha 15 / (ka) ima nArada prajalyo ghaNoM, sISa deNa mujhaneM lagI, (kha) vahI, padya 783, 762, pRSTha 46 /

Page #237
244 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana para raudra rasa kI abhivyaMjanA hai| 'sItA carita' meM isa rasa ke sarvAdhika prasaMga Aye haiN| inameM isa rasa ke saMcAra kI bhUmi vistRta hai| 'zIlakathA' se uddhata isa avataraNa meM raudra rasa apane samasta avayavoM ke sAtha niSpanna hone meM samartha huA hai : jyoM agani mAhiM ghata parai joya / tyoM jaro deva ati Rddha hoya // pakare tAke taba carana sAra / dharatI pai pachArau tIna bAra // phira hAtha pAMya kasake banAya / bAMdhe tAke musakeM car3hAya / / sundari ko saranoM lehu jaay| to prAna baceM tere banAya // nahiM AsamAna loM car3hoM dhAya / taha hU~ nA chor3oM tujhe jAya / / jo adholoka meM paiTha jAya / to prAna haroM tere banAya // ' yahA~ rAjakumAra Alambana hai / usake dvArA haThAt sundarI manoramA ke zIla-bhaMga kA prayAsa uddIpana hai / prahAra karanA, kaThora vacanoM kA prayoga Adi anubhAva haiN| ugratA, garva, Avega Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| ina sabase 'krodha' sthAyI bhAva puSTa hokara raudra rasa meM abhivyaMjita huA hai| isI rasa kA 'cetana karma caritra' se eka uddharaNa lIjie : taba bhejyo ika kAma kumAra / jo saba dUtana meM saradAra // kaho vacana tuma mero jAya / kyoMre aMdha adharamI rAya // vyAhI tiya chAMDahi kyoM kUra / kahAM gayo tero bala sUra / / ke to pAMya parahu tuma Aya / ke larive ko rahahu sajAya / / prastuta padyAMza meM rAjA moha Azraya aura cetana Alambana hai| cetana dvArA rAnI kubuddhi kA parityAga uddIpana hai / anubhAva hai tIkSNa vacanoM kA niHsRta honA / Avega, garva, ugratA Adi saMcArI haiN| isa prakAra sthAyI bhAva 'krodha' ke sahAre raudra rasa kI abhivyakti huI hai| 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 43 / .. cetana karma caritra, padya 14-15, pRSTha 56 /

Page #238
rasa-yojanA 245 'pArzvapurANa' ke prathama adhikAra meM raudra rasa kA eka acchA avataraNa AyA hai| yahA~ rAjA aravinda Azraya, durAcArI kamaTha Alambana, kamaTha dvArA bhAI kI patnI kA zIlabhaMga karanA uddIpana, pApa karma meM lipta rahane vAle kamaTha ke prati dhikkRta vacanoM kA prayoga, daNDa-prahAra evaM daNDa-vidhAna Adi anubhAva aura amarSa, ugratA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM, jinase sthAyI bhAva krodha puSTa hokara raudra rasa AsvAdya banA hai / _ 'sItA carita' meM raudra rasa ko niSpanna karane vAle anekAneka sthala haiN| mandodarI rAvaNa se sItA ke zIla kI prazaMsA karatI huI kahatI hai ki vaha mahAsatI aura zIlavatI hai / saMsAra kI koI zakti use apane satItva se nahIM DigA sktii| vaha viyoga-vedanA se vihvala hai| Apa dayA kIjie aura use rAmacandra ko sauMpa Aiye / ' rAvaNa ina zabdoM ko sunate hI krodha se tamatamA uThatA hai aura mukha se Aga ugalatA huA sAkSAt raudra rasa kI pratimA-sA bana jAtA hai : rAvana krodha kIyo ati bhAra / duSTa dUra hoha tU nAra / / bhauMha vakra kIyo china mAMhi / raho matI kAyara mujha pAMhi // mAtA subhaTa, subhaTa kI nAra / pitA subhaTamaya bar3I udAra // tU kAhara kAhara vaca kahai / kAhara hoya vacana e gahe // prastuta citra meM rAvaNa Azraya hai aura mandodarI Alambana / bhrUbhaMga aura garvadIpta kaThora bhASaNa anubhAva haiM / uddIpana hai mandodarI dvArA rAvaNa ko satpatha-anusaraNa kA upadeza / garva, amarSa, capalatA, Avega, ugratA Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / ina sabase paripoSita krodha raudra rasa kI avatAraNA meM saphala huA hai| 1. ati niMdI nIca kukrmii| jAno niradhAra adharmI // rAjA ati hI risa kiinoN| sira muMDa daMDa bahu diinoN| mukha ke kAloMsa lgaaii| khara ropyo pIra na aaii|| -pArzvapurANa, padya 60-61, pRSTha 12 / 2. sItA carita, padya 1854-55, pRSTha 104 /

Page #239
246 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isI kAvya se raudra rasa ko vyaMjita karane vAlA eka aura sthala draSTavya hai, jisameM raudra rasa kI sazakta abhivyakti huI hai : puni kopa uThI ura mAMhi / nabha jIvata choDauM nAMhi / / rAvana bahutai ati krodha, uThyo kara bhAva virodha // Ayau jahAM subhaTa aneka / uThyau nija Asana Teka / / deSI ati najara karUra / bhauMha dhanaSa car3hAI sUra // ina prabandhakAvyoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM meM raudra rasa- ke sthaloM kA abhAva dikhAyI detA hai / jina prabandhoM meM raudra rasa kI avatAraNA nahIM hai, unameM anya rasoM kI yojanA vicAraNIya hai / karuNa rasa hamAre prabandhoM meM karuNa rasa pradhAna koI kAvya nahIM milatA hai| kintu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki unameM karuNa rasa kI pUrNa upekSA huI hai / katipaya kAvyoM meM yathAvasara karuNa rasa ke mArmika prasaMga avazya prApya haiN| unameM aneka sthala aise bhI haiM jahA~ karuNa rasa kI yojanA nahIM hai, kintu vahA~ karuNA kA mUrta aura vyApaka rUpa jhalakatA hai| aise bhAvaparaka sthala eka ora prabandhatva ke utkarSa meM sahAyaka hote haiM, dUsarI ora pAThaka ko vividha bhAvoM ke saMsparza se pulakita kara dete haiM / aise karuNApUrita sthaloM (jo ki karuNa rasa ke adhikAMza avayavoM se yukta haiM) kA mahattva karuNarasAtmaka sthaloM kI tulanA meM kama nahIM ho jAtA; jaise 'sItA carita' se avatarita yaha sthala : yAhI bana kauM tumahiM kauM, hukama kiyau raghunAtha / sevaka ko kachU basa nahIM, kahauM jori juga hAtha // senApati ati rahayo soca meM, bhayo bahota dalagIra / U~cau phiri deSa nahIM, naina jharai ati nIra / / mAtA hU~ virathA janyoM, bahI mAsa nau bhAra / cAkara te kUkara bhalau, ghRga mhArau jama vAra / / x 1. sItA carita, padya 1806-7, pRSTha 101 /

Page #240
rasa-yojanA 247 senApati saba kahI kathA, kahI sunI saba nAtha / mana meM pachatAvai dhaNo, ghase hAtha se hAtha // ' prastuta citra meM senApita Azraya hai; sItA Alambana hai; nirjana-ekAnta vana-pradeza, karuNa-mUrti sItA kA rudana, rAma kI kaThora AjJA kA pAlana aura parAdhInatA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiM; yugalakara jor3anA, dalagIra honA, U~cI dRSTi na karanA, netroM se nIra jharanA, hAtha se hAtha ghisanA anubhAva haiM; dainya, viSAda, lajjA, glAni, cintA Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| sthAyI bhAva zoka nahIM hai, jisase yaha karuNa rasa kA sthala mAnA jAtA; kintu isa sthala kI kAruNikatA meM kisI ko sandeha nahIM ho sktaa| 'zIlakathA' meM karuNA ke kaI dRzya sajIva haiM / unameM se eka kI talaspazitA dekhiye: pahuMcau vikaTa araNya mjhaar| sArathi rudana karai adhikAra / / sundari sauM taba aisI khii| mere basa kI aba nahiM rhii| taba hI ratha sauM daI utAra / calata bhayau tahaM sauM mana mAra // phira phira jAvai phira phira Aya / moha thakI chor3I nahiM jAya // phira tAne mana kiyo kaThora / rovata gamana kiyau gRha ora // sasurAla aura pIhara donoM ora se AzrayavihInA manoramA ko sArathI dvArA vana meM chor3ane kA prasaMga hai| sArathI Azraya hai aura manoramA Alambana / vikaTa araNya aura abalA manoramA kI saMkaTavipanna avasthA aura svayaM sArathI kI asahAyatA uddIpana hai / rudana, phira-phira AnA aura phira-phira jAnA Adi anubhAva haiN| glAni, viSAda, moha, zaMkA Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / sArathI ke hRdaya meM manoramA ke aniSTa kI AzaMkA, svayaM kI vivazatA aura moha kI atizayatA ke kAraNa prastuta sthala hamako karuNA-sAgara meM nimagna kara detA hai| ... sItA carita, padya 68 se 75, pRSTha 6 / 2. zIlakathA, pRSTha 36 /

Page #241
248 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAyoM kA adhyayana uparyukta do-eka sthaloM meM hamane vividha saMcArI bhAvoM ke paripArzva meM karuNA (karuNa rasa nahIM) kA vyApaka prasAra evaM prabhAva dekhA / nIce sthAyI bhAva zoka se paripuSTa eka karuNa rasAtmaka sthala kI carcA kI jAtI hai, jo atyanta hRdayadrAvaka hai / vaha sthala 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM AyA hai| vahA~ kRSNa ke mahAprayANa aura balabhadra kI zoka-vihvala avasthA kA citra hai| vana-pradeza, kRSNa kI pUrNa acetAvasthA, balabhadra dvArA unase 'pAnI pIlo ! mukha dholo !! eka bAra bolo !!!' Adi kahane para bhI koI uttara na milanA aura usake pazcAt zarIra meM lagA huA vANa tathA usase bahatI huI raktadhArA dikhAyI denA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiM / hRdaya meM viSAda kA udvelana aura mukha se hAhAkAra zabda niHsRta honA anubhAva haiN| moha, cintA, viSAda, dainya Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / sthAyI bhAva zoka rasa-dazA kI ucca bhUmi taka jA pahuMcA hai / vaha mArmika sthala yaha hai : balabhadra jala le Aiyau, sUto nihacala deSyo Aya tau| uTho uTho bhAI syauM kahai, pIvo jala mukha dhovI kAya tau // bolo bolo bhAI syauM bhaNe, risa rahyo kyauM vana meM Aya to / pANI pIvI kyoM nahIM, lyAyo jala dUraMtara jAya tau // dhUli bharyo aMga ati ghaNoM, uThi uTha keso dhIra tau / nidrA taja jAgo aba, bAra eka bolo tuma vIra tau // yAnai muSi dai aura bhI kahA ju vacana aneka // kAMdhe le cAlyau aba, sUto jAMNi viveka // vANa lagyau deNyo tabai rudhira bahyo tihi bAra / hAhAkAra kiyau tabai balibhadra duSa ko bhAra // ' kahanA na hogA ki katipaya Alocca kAvyoM meM karuNAmUlaka prasaMgoM kA abhAva nahIM hai| kucha sthala to asaMdigdha rUpa se karuNa rasa ke haiM, jahA~ usakI vyaMjanA sampUrNa mArmikatA ke sAtha dekhane ko milatI hai| nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1226-30, pRSTha 72 /

Page #242
rasa-yojanA 246 vAtsalya rasa vivecya prabandhakAvyoM meM kaviyoM kI dRSTi vAtsalya rasa-vidhAna kI ora adhika nahIM gyii| eka to unameM vAtsalya kI pIThikA ke lie putrajanmAdi ke prasaMga hI thor3e haiM; dUsare, jahA~ aise prasaMga haiM bhI, vahA~ unheM yoM hI calatA kara diyA gayA hai| zizu ko krama-krama se bar3hAkara thor3I-sI paMktiyoM meM hI bar3I Ayu meM praveza karA diyA gayA hai| phira bhI unameM se kucha kAvyoM meM isa rasa ke alpa prasaMga acche mila jAte haiN| 'namIzvara rAsa' meM do-eka sthaloM para vAtsalya rasa kI pratiSThA hai|' 'pArzvapurANa' meM bAlaka pArzvakumAra ke saMdarbha ko lekara vAtsalya rasa ke sthala kI saSTi kI gayI hai, jo Age calakara vatsala bhakti rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA hai| 'sItA carita' meM mAtA dvArA rAma-lakSmaNa ko vidAI dene ke prasaMga meM vAtsalya rasa umar3a kara baha calA hai| vAstava meM yaha citra bar3A hI sajIva aura hRdayasparzI hai : (ka) zIla kathA, pRSTha 4 / (kha) vahI, pRSTha 7 / (ga) doya putra tinakai avtre| pApa punya kI paTatara dhre| jeTho nandana kamaTha kapUta / dUjo putra sudhI marubhUti / / jeTho mati heTho kuTila, laghu suta sarala subhAya / viSa amrata upaje jugala, vipra jaladhi ke jAya // bar3e putra ne bhArajA, byAhI varunA nAma / laghu ne barI bisundarI, rUpavatI abhirAma // -pArzvapurANa, padya 54-56, pRSTha 8 / (gha) zreNika carita, padya 28 se 30, pRSTha 3-4 / 2. (ka) nemIzvara rAsa, padya 107, pRSTha 7 / (kha) vahI, padya 153, 154, pRSTha 10 / 3. pArzvapurANa, padya 2 se 6, pRSTha 107 /

Page #243
250 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana naina jharai ati nIra, vainana setI muSa thakI / iha hiradA kI pIra, iha vyApe so jAnasI // ati se bar3e mahaMta, rAmacanda pUraba karama / pheri kahe ko aMta, eto bhI mAtA kahe / / beTA thiti kari koya, begi khabari hama lIjiye / tuma Anana aSi doya, ika bAIM ika dAhine // isI prakAra 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa) kA prastuta uddharaNa bhI vAtsalya rasa ke antargata rakhA jAyegA : ratana jar3Ava jar3e nIla pIta syAma hare, resama kI Dorina soM motI mAla lAvahIM / bhAMti bhAMti basana bichaunA sukha Asana ke, paur3hiye ju neminAtha jananI jhulAvahIM // jhUlata haiM pAlanA meM harSa heta krIr3A kareM, soiye ju prANanAtha nArI bahu gAvahIM / dhanya dhanya bhAga hai suhAga zivadevI tero, bhavyana kI Asa lagI dekhata sukha pAvahIM // bhayAnaka rasa vivecita rasoM ke atirikta Alocya kAvyoM meM 'pArzvapurANa'3 'sItA 1. sItA carita, padya 430 se 432, pRSTha 27-28 / 2. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 6 / 1. (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 132 se 134, pRSTha 38 / (kha) vahI, padya 136 se 140, pRSTha 38 / (ga) vahI, padya 177 se 176, pRSTha 42 /

Page #244
rasa-yojanA 251 carita" 'zIla kathA" Adi meM bhayAnaka rasa ke aneka sthala milate haiM / ina sthaloM para vivecya rasa kI vividha bhUmiyoM kA vidhAna dRSTigocara hotA hai / 'zIlakathA' se uddhRta prastuta uddharaNa meM bhayAnaka rasa kA srota hI phUTa par3A hai : dIkhe koya // tahAM to vRkSa saghana ati hoya / hAthoM hAtha na kahU~ siMhagana karata DakAra | kahUM nAga phuMkarata apAra // roja rIcha dala phirate ghane / tAkauM bhaya jo kahata na bane // guphA kahIM pAtAla majhAra / kahU~ gira U~ce ati adhikAra // aise vana meM baiThI soya / china ika dhIra dharai nahi koya // AzrayavihInA manoramA kA prasaMga hai / araNya- pradeza kI nirjanatA aura vikarAlatA, saghana vRkSa- janya aMdhakAra, siMha-garjana, nAga-phuMkAra, rojachala kA ghUmanA, pAtAla sadRza guphAe~, U~ce-U~ce parvata Adi vibhAva haiM / kaMpa, romAMca, rodana Adi anubhAva haiM aura trAsa, saMkaTa, cintA Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / 1. (ka) sItA carita, padya 668 se 674, pRSTha 53 / (kha) iha mokauM mAraM tahakIka / iha rAvaNa bhejyo hai ThIka // rict bahuta dhUNI chuuttii| jaise pavana DAra jyauM lUTI // 3. vahI, padya 1108, pRSTha 60 / (ka) zIlakathA, pRSTha 16-17 / (kha) sundari ne jAnI jabai Avata rAjakumAra / zIlabhaMga ke karana ko, nizcaya jAnI nAra // tharahara kAMpI sundarI, vadanu gayau kumhalAya | dIna mRgI kI bhAMti vaha, mana meM ati dahalAya || jaise thor3e jalaviSai, talaphata mIna apAra / taise talaphata sundarI, tihi ranavAsa majhAra // vahI, pRSTha 36-37 / vahI, pRSTha 36 /

Page #245
252 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isI prakAra 'madhubinduka-caupaI' kA eka sthala bar3A marmasparzI hai| vaha bhayAnaka rasa kA eka sajIva aura saMzliSTa citra prastuta karatA hai : paryo kUpa madhi yaha vicAra / gaja pakarai to DAre mAra // kUpa madhya bar3a Ugyau eka / tAkI zAkhA phalI aneka // tAmahiM madhumacchina ko thAna / chattA eka lagyau pahacAna / / vara kI jaTA laTaki taha rahI / kUpa madhya girate kara gahI // dou kara pakara rahyo tihaM jora / nIceM dekha dRSTi marora / / kUpa madhya ajagara vikarAla / muMha phAre baiThyo jima kAla // vaha nirakhahi Avai mukha mAMhi / to phira bhAji kahAM lauM jAhiM // cAra kauna meM nAga ju cAra / baiThe tahAM tehu mukha phAra // kaba yaha nara gira hai iha Thora / girateM yAko kIjai kaura // nIce paMca sarpa lakhi Daryo / taba Upara ko mastaka karayo / dekha vaTakI jaTa vaha doya / aMdara juga kATata hai soya // kUpa kaMTha gaja suDa prakAra / jhakajhorai vara kI bahu DAra // ' yahA~ bhayAnaka rasa kI saphala vyaMjanA hai| yaha citra apanI tIvra aura sazakta abhivyakti ke kAraNa bhayAnaka rasa kA camatkArapUrNa digdarzana karAne meM vizeSataH sakSama hai / isameM rasa ke pUrNa avayava vartamAna haiN| saMkaTagrasta puruSa Azraya hai / sAMya-sA~ya karatA huA vana-pradeza, vana-kUpa kI bhayaMkaratA, madamasta gaja, madhumakkhiyoM kA chattA, vikarAla ajagara, nAga, avalambita vaTajaTA ko cUhoM dvArA kATA jAnA, gaja dvArA vaTavRkSa kI DAliyoM ko jhakajhoranA Adi vibhAva haiN| vaivarNya, kampa, romAMca, adhIratA, kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA Adi anubhAva haiM / trAsa, cintA, dainya, Avega Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| ina sabase sthAyI bhAva bhaya paripoSita hokara bhayAnaka rasa kI niSpatti kara rahA hai| 'sItAcarita' meM isa rasa kA eka citra atIva talasparzI hai / asahAya .. madhubinduka caupaI, padya 14 se 20, pRSTha 136 /

Page #246
rasa-yojanA 253 sItA krUra rAvaNa ke bandhana meM par3I huI hai| rAvaNa ke sAre prayatna niSphala cale jAte haiM, parantu sItA usakI zaraNa meM nahIM jaatii| ataH hAra kara rAvaNa apanI vidyA se kAma letA hai / vaha usake mAnasa ke kone-kone ko bhaya se AcchAdita karane ke lie usake cAroM ora bhaya kA vikarAla saMsAra raca detA hai / yahA~ bhayAkrAnta sItA ke hRdaya meM sthAyI bhAva bhaya bhayAnaka rasa kI utpatti meM samartha huA hai| aura siMgha pannaga vikarAla / karai savada kopyau jyauM kAla // ara marakaTa har3ahar3a karai / bhai upaja mujha saraNe dharai // Aye pahale pahara mataMga / tiNa deSa kAMpa saba aMga // sItA rahI bahauta bhai SAya / paM rAvaNa saraNe nahiM jAya // X X Ayau pannaga phaNa kari daMDa / jIbha capala krodhI paracaMDa // jAkI hUka jalai vanarAya / sItA rahI bahota maiM SAya // 'pAzavapurANa' meM bhaya kA eka dRzya apanI samatA nahIM rkhtaa| usakA eka-eka zabda bhaya se sikta hai; kintu vaha rasa dazA ko nahIM pahuMca sakA hai kyoMki Azraya ke hRdaya para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM hotA jaise ki maNidIpaka para pavana ke jhakoroM kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| yaha sthala rasAbhAsa kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai : kilakilata betAla, kAla kajjala chabi sajjahiM / bhauM karAla vikarAla, bhAla madagaja jimi gajahiM / muMDamAla gala dharahiM, lAla loyanani DarahiM jana / mukha phuliMga phukarahi, karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana // ityAdika utapAta saba, vRthA bhaye ati ghora / jaise mAnika dIpa kauM, lage na pauna jhakora / 1. sItA carita, padya 668, 66, 72, pRSTha 53 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 22-23, pRSTha 123 /

Page #247
- 254 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana karuNa rasa kI bhA~ti sabhI prabandhakAvyoM meM bhayAnaka rasa ke adhika sthaloM kA samAveza nahIM hai| kucha kAvyoM meM usakI avatAraNA saphala kahI jA sakatI hai| Age adbhuta rasa kI yojanA draSTavya hai / adbhuta rasa jaina prabandhakAvyoM meM yatra-tatra adbhuta rasa ke aneka prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA huI hai| adbhuta rasa kI pratIti choTI-choTI uktiyoM meM bhI hotI hai aura lambe avataraNoM meM bhI / 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa) se eka uddharaNa avatarita hai : bAMye aMgUThA nAga jagAya / nAsA svara sauM saMkha bajAya / / sunauM saMkha rava kRSNa sujAna / tatachina Ani puhaMce thAna / / dekho nemIzvara ko bhAva / acaraja mAno kinnara bhAva // ' yahA~ nemIzvara Alambana hai aura kRSNa evaM kinnara Azraya / bA~ye aMguSTha se nAga ko jagAnA aura nAsikA svara se zaMkha ko bajAnA uddIpana haiN| kRSNa aura kinnaroM ke hRdaya meM Azcarya kA atireka mAnasika anubhAva hai| Avega, capalatA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| isa prakAra 'vismaya' puSTa hokara adbhuta rasa meM vyakta huA hai| 'sItA carita' meM isa rasa ke katipaya prasaMga sundara bana par3e haiN| una prasaMgoM ko saMjone meM kavi-kauzala dikhAyI detA hai : hanumAna deSana bhayo, sItA muSa parakAsa / baiThI deSI rUSa tara, muMdarI DArI pAsa // DAri muMdarI gupata ha,raha yo phalaka ika jAna / cintA kInI jAnakI, bhare nana jala Ana | . nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 8 / 2. sItA carita, padya 1310, pRSTha 71 /

Page #248
rasa-yojanA 255 azoka vATikA meM zokamagna baiThI huI sItA aura usI samaya hanumAna dvArA rAma kI muMdarI DAle jAne kA prasaMga hai / isameM rasa ke sampUrNa avayava sannihita haiM / sItA Azraya hai aura rAma kI muMdarI Alambana / vATikA kI ekAntatA, muMdarI ko DAlakara hanumAna kA chipa jAnA aura kevala muMdarI hI maMdarI dikhAyI denA uddIpana vibhAva haiM / azru aura utkaMThA anubhAva tathA cintA, Avega, bhrAnti, autsukya prabhRti saMcArI bhAva haiN| 'pArzvapurANa' meM thor3e se sthaloM para adbhuta rasa kA samyak nirvAha huA hai| indra dvArA tANDava nRtya kA eka sajIva citra dekhie, jisameM adbhuta rasa kI marmasparzI abhivyaMjanA hai : adbhuta tAMDava rasa tihiM bAra / darasAva jana acaraja kAra / / sahaja bhajA hari kInI tabai / bhUSana bhUSita sohe sabai / / dhArata carana capala ati calai / pahumI kA~pai girivara halai / ' 'namIzvara rAsa' kA vaha sthala, jisameM devakI dvArA kRSNa-milana ke avasara para usake stana se bahatA huA dUdha AsamAna taka calA gayA hai.' vismaya bhAva kA calacitra-sA prastuta karatA hai / isI taraha jaba padmanAma draupadI ko komalatApUrvaka jagAtA hai, tabhI vaha vahI svapna dekhatI hai / alasa nidrA meM draupadI apanA cIra uThAkara jhAMkatI hai| use lagatA hai ki usane svapna dekhA hai, ataH vaha apane mukha ko cIra se phira Dhaka letI hai| use satyAsatya kA patA nahIM cltaa| usI kSaNa draupadI jagatI hai| cIra ko uThAkara dekhane para use sAkSAt vahI dikhAyI detA hai / vaha vismaya se bhara kara stambhita raha jAtI hai, usake hRdaya meM vismaya bhAva barAbara banA rahatA hai|' 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 117-118, pRSTha 105 / 2. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 154, pRSTha 10 / tatakSiNa jAgI draupadI, nainA deSa cIra ughAri to| rAjA baiThyau dekhiyo, draupadI cakita bhaI tihi bAra to|| ||raas bhaNauM zrI nemi ko| kramazaH

Page #249
256 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana upayukta sthala sAhityika saundarya se ota-prota hai| isameM vismaya ka camatkAra draupadI se A~khamicaunI kA khela khelatA hai| 'zIlakathA' meM eka aisA prasaMga' AyA hai jahA~ upayukta rasa kI madhura vyaMjanA hai| kara Urdhvacarana laTakAya dIna / kara nIce ko mukha trAsa dIna / / phira cAbuka kara meM liyo sAra / so mAra daI tAko apAra // vilalAya kuMvara nahiM dharai dhIra / taba daravAje ati bhaI bhIra // mArana vArau dIkha na koya / mArahI mAra dikharAya soya // ' hAsya rasa isa kSetra meM kucha Alocya kaviyoM kI dena bhulAyI nahIM jA sakatI hai| unhoMne apane prabandhoM meM hAsya rasamUlaka prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA kI hai| 'sItA carita', 'cetana karma caritra', 'zataaSTottarI', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' prabhRti kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM hAsya rasa kI chaTA khilatI huI milatI hai| 'sItA carita' meM zUrpaNakhA rAma-lakSmaNa ke pAsa pahu~catI hai / unake rUpasaundarya se rIjhakara turanta apanA 'svAMga' badalakara sundara kanyA kA rUpa le letI hai / lakSmaNa se 'rAma-rAma' zabda ke sAtha namaskAra karatI huI 'varo bhUpa tuma mohi' kahatI hai| cIra liyo muSa Uparai, draupadI pheri bicArai bAta tau // yo mujha supanauM Aiyo, sAMca jhUTha mujha kaha yau na jAya to|| rAsa bhaNauM zrI nemi ko / / -nemIzvara rAsa, padya 633-34, pRSTha 56 : 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 43 / 2. rAvana kI bhaganI tahAM DhUMDhata bana meM jAya / rAmara lachimana deSata, virSa Upano Aya / / svAMga turata palaTayau tahAM, kiyau kanyakA rUpa / rAma rAma lachimana syoM kaha yo, varo mohi tuma bhUpa // -sItA carita, padya 875-76, pRSTha 46 //

Page #250
rasa-yojanA 257 yahA~ rAma-lakSmaNa Azraya aura zUrpaNakhA Alambana hai / zUrpaNakhA kA badalA huA kanyA rUpa aura usake mukha se nikale hue zabda uddIpana vibhAva haiM / hRdaya meM hAsa kA udvelana anubhAva aura vIr3A, avahitthA Adi saMcArI bhAva prakaTa haiM / ina sabase puSTa sthAyI bhAva 'hAsa' hAsya rasa kI vyaMjanA meM sakSama huA hai / yaha hAsya zRMgAra kA sahacara hai / 'cetana karma caritra' meM eka-do sthaloM para isa rasa kA prasAra dikhAyI detA hai / 'zata aSTottarI' meM ziSTapUrNa vyaMgyAtmaka sthaloM para hAsya kI jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai / 'paMcendriya saMvAda'3 tathA 'pArzvapurANa meM bhI itastataH 'hAsya rasa ubharA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki prabandhakAvyoM meM svaprazaMsA, ahAniprada doSAropaNa, vidagdhatA Adi ke pariveza meM vivecya rasa kA prasaraNa hai / aba vIbhatsa rasa vicAraNIya hai| bIbhatsa rasa bIbhatsa rasa kI udbhAvanA kI ora jaina kaviyoM kI svabhAvataH pravRtti rahI hai / zAnta rasa ko niSpanna avasthA taka pahuMcane ke lie unheM katipaya kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM isa rasa kA Azraya lenA par3A hai| naraka aura yuddhAdi ke prasaMgoM meM bhI isa rasa ke unmeSa kI jhalaka hai| isa dizA meM 'pArzvapurANa' kAvya mahattvapUrNa hai| usame 'jugupsA' kA 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 10-11, pRSTha 56 / 2. (ka) zata aSTottarI, padya 87 se 11, pRSTha 45 / (kha) vahI, pRSTha 14 / 3. (ka) paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 13, pRSTha 236 / (kha) vahI, padya 14-15, pRSTha 240 / (ga) vahI, padya 28, pRSTha 241 / 4. pArzvapurANa, padya 66, pRSTha 13 /

Page #251
258 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana bhAva aneka sthaloM para poSita huA hai| unase hRdaya meM apriya bhAvoM, vikRtiyoM aura siharana taka ko janma milatA hai|' 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM kAna dvArA nAka se kahe gaye kathana meM bIbhatsa rasa kI samAyojanA huI hai : nAka surani pAnI jhara, bahai saleSma apAra // gUghani kara pUrita rahai, lAjai nahIM gaMvAra // terI chIMka sunai jita, karai na uttama kAja // mUde tuha durgaMdha meM, taU na Avai lAja // yahA~ kAna Azraya aura nAka Alambana hai| nAka kA jugupsAjanaka citra uddIpana hai / kAna dvArA nAka ke sambandha meM udvegamaya anubhUti anubhAva hai| glAni, ugratA Adi saMcArI bhAvoM ke dvArA jugupsA sthAyI bhAva bIbhatsa rasa kI sarjanA kara rahA hai| 'yazodhara carita' ke praNetA paM0 lakSmIdAsa ne devI ke sthAna kI carcA .. (ka) svAna syAra maMjAra kI, par3I kalevara-rAsa / mAsa vasA aru rudhira ko, kAdI jahAM kubAsa // --pArvapurANa, padya 168, pRSTha 44 / (kha) mAramAra suniye sadA, chetra mahA duragaMdha / bahai bAta asuhAvanI, asuca chetra saMbaMdha / / . -vahI, padya 161, pRSTha 43 / (ga) tIkhe nakhana vidArai kAyA, hAtha kaThorana khaMDa karai / bAMkI dAr3hana soM tana bhedai, vadana bhayAnaka grAsa bhrai| -vahI, padya 177, pRSTha 66 / 1, paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 26-30, pRSTha 241, padya 26-30 / /

Page #252
rasa-yojanA 256 karate hue upayukta rasa kA sundara citra sthApita kiyA hai|' 'sItA carita' meM raudra aura vIra ke sahacara ke rUpa meM isa rasa kI acchI vyaMjanA hai| yaha saca hai ki kucha hI prabandhakAvyoM meM bIbhatsa rasa ke sthaloM kA samAveza huA hai / aise sthaloM kI avatAraNA ke paripArzva meM prabandhakAroM kA lakSya prAyaH jIvana kI mamatvajanita bAdhAoM ko dUra karane kA rahA hai| inhIM sthaloM ke dvArA unhoMne zAnta rasa kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra kI hai| niSkarSa Upara hamane Alocya kAvyoM kI rasa-yojanA para apanA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM sabhI rasoM ko kaviyoM ne apane kAvyoM meM sthAna diyA hai| vividha rasoM ke vividha sthaloM para unakI dRSTi acchI prakAra ramI hai| inameM zAstrIya dRSTi se pUrNatA, mArmikatA, hRdayasparzitA, preSaNIyatA aura prabhAvAnviti paryApta mAtrA meM milatI hai| yaha avazya hai ki adhikatara kAvyoM kA avasAna zAnta rasa meM huA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kaviyoM ne anya rasoM kI sRSTi kevala isIlie kI hai ki unake iSTa rasa 'zAnta' kI puSTi ho jaaye| isa kAraNa kucha rasa zAnta kI pRSThabhUmi banakara raha gaye haiM, yadyapi una rasoM kI vyaMjanA meM koI kamI nahIM AyI hai / phalataH yaha kahanA anupayukta nahIM hai ki adhikAMza prabandhakAvya zAnta rasa pradhAna yA zAnta rasAvasita haiN| unameM isa rasa ke uparAnta bhakti rasa ko sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai devI ko thAna duSa rAsi / asva mAMsa jAke cahuM pAsi // rudhira taNI nadI sama bahai / jahA~ kAka krIr3ata duSa lahai / / giradhara paMSI AvaM jahA~ / mAMsa suvAda taNe vasi tahA~ // cau giradA sira mAlA parI / naraka taNI bhuva sama duSa bhrii|| -yazodhara carita, padya 138-39 / 2. sItA carita, padya 160, pRSTha 107 /

Page #253
260 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana aura usake pazcAt zRMgAra (vipralaMbha) aura vIra ko| prabandhakAvyoM meM antaraMga saundarya kI sRSTi evaM usakI vistRta bhUmi para pAtra dvArA bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie anya rasoM kI yojanA bhI usake utkarSa meM sahAyaka hotI hai, isa dRSTi se hamAre kAvyoM meM anya rasoM kA bhI samucita nirvAha huA hai| unameM prAya: paramparAgata vibhAvoM ko apanAyA gayA hai| yadi unameM naye prayogoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai to zAnta rasa ke staroM meM hii|

Page #254
adhyAya 6 bhASA-zailI

Page #255
bhASA-zailI bhASA aura zailI kA sambandha aTUTa hai / bhASA bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane kA sAdhana hai aura zailI abhivyakti kA DhaMga hai| bhASA bhAva aura vicAroM ko spaSTa rUpa meM rakhane kA sAdhana hai| isalie vaha svaccha honI cAhie, kArIgarI se rahita / dUsare zabdoM meM, sahajatA aura bhAvAnurUpatA usakI bar3I vizeSatA hai| yadi bhAvAnurUpa bhASA apanI gati meM sthala-sthala para apanA raMga badalatI hai aura aneka rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai to usakI yaha anekarUpatA bhI sahRdaya ke AliMgana yogya banatI hai| bhASA kI isa anekarUpatA se abhiprAya usakI kalAbAjI se nahIM hai, hRdayarasa se sampuTita kalA se hai| 'kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki kavi-karma kA sambandha bhAvAbhivyaMjanA se hai, jisameM usakI kalA bhI bahuta bar3A hAtha rakhatI hai; kintu jahA~ kalA kA pradarzana hotA hai, arthAt jahA~ kalA numAyazI cIja bana jAtI hai, vahA~ kavitva usake pIche chipa jAtA hai| isIlie kAvya kI bhASA sahaja, pAtra evaM prasaMga ke anukUla, mUrti vidhAyinI aura madhura honI caahie| usameM hRdayagata bhAvoM ko chUne kI pUrI zakti honI cAhie, isI meM usakI sArthakatA hai| bhASA kI bhA~ti zailI kI saralatA, subodhatA evaM svacchatA para vidvAnoM dvArA bala diyA gayA hai / sarala zailI sAragrAhiNI sAmarthya rakhatI hai, isI 1. AcArya rAmacandra zukla : hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 146 / 2. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : vimarza aura niSkarSa, pRSTha 71 / 3. DaoN0 nagendra : sAketa-eka adhyayana, pRSTha 155-57 / 4. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI / sUra sAhitya, pRSTha 154 /

Page #256
bhASA-zailI ke dvArA kavitA loka-sAmAnya bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita hotI hai aura vyApaka prabhAva utpanna karatI hai / chanda, alaMkAra, bimba, pratIka Adi ke sundara vidhAna se zailI ko utkarSa prApta hotA hai / Alocya kAvya aura bhASA-zailI Alocya prabandhakAvyoM kI bhASA-zailI ke sandarbha meM sAmAnyataH unakI bhASA, zabda-dhvani, zabda-srota, zabda-yojanA, dhvanimUlakatA, guNa, zabdazaktiyA~, samAsa-rahita padAvalI, samAsayukta padAvalI, bhAvAnukUla bhASA ke vividha rUpa, alaMkAra-chanda-yojanA evaM zailiyA~ vicAraNIya haiM / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prastuta zIrSakoM ke antargata maulika prabandhakAvyoM ke alAvA anUdita prabandhakAvya bhI hamAre adhyayana ke viSaya rahe hai| bhASA hamAre prabandhakAvya pradhAnataH brajabhASA ke kAvya haiN| unameM se adhikAMza meM isa bhASA kA pariniSThita rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai / unameM se kucha meM kahIM-kahIM grAmINa brajabhASA kA prabhAva bhI jhalakatA hai| thor3e kAvyoM meM vrajabhASA apanI samIpavartI bhASA-boliyoM se prabhAvita rahI dikhAyI detI hai| yaha smaraNIya hai ki Alocya kAla meM yaha bhASA vistRta kSetra ke vyavahAra kI bhASA hI nahIM thI, pratyuta sAhityika bhASA bhI thI / ataH jo kavi braja-pradeza ke nivAsI the, unhoMne to isa bhASA meM kAvya-racanA kI hI, kintu jo brajabhASA bhASI sthAna ke nivAsI nahIM the, ve bhI isa bhASA meM kAvya-sajana karanA gaurava kI vastu samajhate the| aise kaviyoM kI bhASA meM unakI janmabhUmi yA vihArabhUmi ke dezaja zabdoM, dhvaniyoM, kriyAoM yA kAraka-cihnoM kA sammilana bhI sahajarUpa meM ho gayA hai| - 5. DaoN. nandadulAre vAjapeyI : hindI sAhitya, bIsavIM zatAbdI, pRSTha 32 /

Page #257
264 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana 'neminAtha maMgala', 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA saMvAda', 'nemi-byAha', 'paMcendriya-saMvAda', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'sUA battIsI', 'nemicandrikA' (vinodIlAla), 'pArzvapurANa', 'zIlakathA', 'sapta vyasana caritra', 'nizibhojana tyAgakathA', 'varddhamAna purANa', 'dharmaparIkSA', 'pANDava purANa', 'dhanyakumAra caritra', 'varAMga carita' (pANDe lAlacanda), 'varAMga carita' (kamalanayana), 'jinadatta carita' (bakhtAvara mala), 'jinadatta carita' (kamalanayana), 'zAntinAtha purANa', 'jIvaMdhara carita" (daulatarAma), 'jIvaMdhara carita' (nathamala bilAlA), 'nAgakumAra carita' Adi prabandhakAvya prAyaH parimArjita brajabhASA meM racita hai, kintu unameM se kucha meM kahIM-kahIM grAmINa brajabhASA kI jhalaka bhI mila jAtI hai| maura dharau sira dUlaha ke kara kaMkaNa bA~dha daI kasa DorI / kUDala kAnana meM jhalake ati bhAla meM lAla virAjata rorI // motina kI lara sobhita hai chabi dekhi lajeM banitA saba gorii| lAla vinodI ke sAhiba ke mukha dekhana ko duniyA uTha daurI // -nemi byAha / bAlaka kAyA kU pala soya / patra rUpa jovana meM hoya / pAko pAta jarA tana karai / kAla bayAri calata jhara parai / / koI garbha mAhiM khira jAya / koI janamata chor3e kAya / koI bAla dasA dhari marai / taruna avasthA tana parihara / --pAvapurANa, padya 65-66, pRSTha 55 / 3. saSI saSI soM yauM kahai, hauM pUchata hauM tohi / kAma eka e doya haiM, bar3o tamAso mohi // koI kumati tinha deSi kari, lAja daI bisarAya / kahai saSI sauM inahi chali, lIjai begi bulAya // -dharma parIkSA, padya 266, pRSTha 16 / eka puriSa tApasa ke rUpA / jIvaMdhara ko dekhi anuupaa| pUchana lAgo hoya khusyAlA / ketI dUra nagara hai lAlA // -jIvaMdhara carita (dolatarAma), padya 86, pRSTha 6 /

Page #258
bhASA-zailI 265 2 'sItA carita', ' 'yazodhara carita', 'AdinAtha beli', 'ratnapAla rAso', 'zreNika carita', ' ' nemi - rAjamatI bArahamAsA savaiyA', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'neminAtha carita', ' 'yazodhara carita', 'prItaMkara carita', 'labdhi- vidhAna vratakathA', 'bhadrabAhu carita' Adi prabandhakAvyoM kI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI boliyoM kA puTa dikhAyI detA hai / unameM kuNa, ghaNe, lAra ( sAtha), pANI, pani, paNi, jANa, jANe, vaiNa, Upara (Upara), tiNa, ApaNo, tataSiNa, bharatha (bharata), ara, daunyU, daunyAM, syU, karasI, suNijyo, thakI, bhaNoM, bhaNI, taNI, dyau (do, dIjiye), pasIno, calaNa, kambalo, suNi, phailasyA, duSAM syauM, phuni, tiSThau, pAlaNa, vaNI, kAnAM (kAna), kIyA, rAlyo, kahyA, hiradA, jIvar3A, bAMdhyA, nayaNa, kesI (kesava ), melyo, melyAM, pahuMtA ( pahu~cA ), ahalA, vesiyA, mitra milAna / 1. (ka) mile bahuta ANada jAna / jaise bicha - sItA carita, padya 1366, pRSTha 76 / (kha) svAMga turata palaTyau tahA~ kiyo kanyakA rUpa / rAmara lachimana syauM kahayau, barau mohi tuma bhUpa // -- vahI, padya 876, pRSTha 46 / 2. naraka taNI gati nizcai bAMdhI, mahA kumati cita lAve | adhika vilApa kareM mahAdevI, tyoMhI jaka nahi pAvai // ho bhAI rAjA krodha umAvai // 3. bAdara tau aba Adara - zreNika carita, padya 723, pRSTha 50 / kIno, avAja bhaI yuM ghanAghana kI / Rtu pAvasa jANi Aye videzI, nivAraNi jAri vidhAtani kI // - nemi - rAjamatI bahAramAsa sarvayA, padya 12, pRSTha 213 // rudana kareM ati hI ghaNau, pasu jAti saba dekha Aya to / ve bhI rudana kareM ati ghaNA, sabayana kU duSa vyApyau rAya tau // rAsa bhaNauM zrI nemi kau // 4. 5. -- nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1231, pRSTha 72 / pahu~cI pIva pAsa hI jAI / suNijyo prabhu tuma cita lAI / hama kauna gunahoM tuma kIyo / paraNyA bini hI duSa dIyo || -- neminAtha carita, padya 103 /

Page #259
bhASA-zailI 267 sArAMza yaha hai ki samAlocya prabandhakAvya brajabhASA ke haiM / braja se dUra-dUra ke jina kaviyoM ne brajabhASA meM kAvya-racanA kI hai, unakI bhASA meM itastataH sthAnagata vizeSatAe~ mila jAnA svAbhAvika hai / sahaja bhASA kI prakRti bhI yahI hai / dhvani- vicAra pratyeka bhASA kI apanI eka bhinna prakRti hotI hai / jaba bhI vaha kisI dUsarI bhASA se zabda grahaNa karatI hai to usakI dhvaniyoM ko apanI prakRti ke anusAra DhAla letI hai / hamAre vivecya kAvyoM kI bhASA mukhyataH brajabhASA hai, isalie usane dUsarI bhASAoM ke zabdoM ko grahaNa karate samaya unakI dhvaniyoM ko apanI prakRti ke anusAra badala liyA hai / dhvaniyoM kA yaha parivartana draSTavya hai : vivecya kAvyoM meM 'za' ke sthAna para 'sa' kA prayoga adhika milatA hai, jaise : vizAla zIza zazi nirAza visAla sIsa sasi nirAsa kahIM-kahIM 'za' kA 'za' bhI prApta hotA hai : nizAnI nizAnI darzana darzana niza niza aMza zArada rAjeza zoka zIla ziva zubha aMsa sArada rAjesa soka mUla zIla ziva zubha adhikAMza sthaloM para 'la' kA 'la' hI milatA hai; kintu kahIM-kahIM 'la' kA 'ra' bhI milatA hai, jaise : bAdala badAra mUra

Page #260
268 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana horI dhUla kAlo dhUra / kAro rorI holI saMbhAla kotavAla sabhAra rolI kotavAra adhikatara racanAoM meM 'Na' ke sthAna para 'na' kA prayoga dikhAyI detA hai, jaise : prANa zaraNa prAna tArana zaraNa purANa puNya sarana purAna tAraNa vINA vInA punya guNa raNa rana rAjasthAna meM likhI jAne vAlI racanAoM (yazodhara carita, zreNika carita, 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'sItA carita' Adi) meM prAyaH 'Na' ke sthAna para 'Na' yahA~ taka ki 'na' ke sthAna para 'Na' ke prayoga kI pravRtti bhI dikhAyI detI hai, jaise: auguNa prANI kAraNa prANI kAraNa avaguNa kSaNa SiNa pravINa pravINa puNya puNya pramANa paramANa zaraNAgata saraNAgata X rAnI jAne jANe rANI ghaNI ghanI pAlana pAlaNa

Page #261
bhASA-zailI 266 inhIM kRtiyoM meM apavAdasvarUpa kahIM-kahIM 'Na' kA 'na' bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jaise : lakSmaNa lachimana kharadUSaNa paradUSana 'Da' ke sthAna para 'ra' bhI kucha prabandhoM meM kAphI milatA hai, jaise : pachAr3o pachArau thor3a thora par3o paryo karor3a karora bhIr3a bhIra tor3ike torike isI prakAra katipaya racanAoM meM 'kSa' ke sthAna para 'cha' vizeSa rUpa se vyavahRta huA hai, jaise : pakSI paMchI / kSaNa china lakSaNa lacchana kSati chati kSobha chobha kSINa chIna pratyakSa parataccha lakSmI lachamI adhikatara Alocya kaviyoM ne prAyaH saMyukta varNoM ke saralIkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jaise: zveta seta duTha yatna jatana thira ratana prema pema duSTa sthira sneha grISma mukti vikalpa stuti . svarUpa saneha grISama mukati vikalapa magna magana dharma dharama prazvI pirathI thuti .. Atma Atama sarUpa

Page #262
270 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zabda - srota ' zabda cayana hI kavitA kI vAstavita kalA hai aura isake binA usameM kalAtmakatA A nahIM sakatI / " sahaja kalA ke viniveza ke lie, bhAva evaM artha- saurasya ke lie kavi kisI bhI bhASA se apane zabdoM kA cayana karane meM svataMtra hai / hamAre kaviyoM kI bhASA meM vibhinna bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA yoga hai / brajabhASA meM racanA karate hue Alocya kaviyoM meM kaTTaratA kA bhAva nahIM milatA / bhASA ke sambandha meM unakA dRSTikoNa udAra rahane ke sAtha hI loka ruci ko pradhAnatA dene kA rahA hai| brajabhASA ke sahaja rUpa ko akSuNNa rakhate hue unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM ko apanA banA liyA hai / unhoMne apanI bhASA meM nissaMkoca bhAva se anyAnya pracalita zabdoM ko prayukta kiyA hai / unake prabandhoM meM tatsama tadbhava, dezaja, videzI Adi sabhI zabdoM ka prayoga huA hai / unameM aneka sthaloM para aise zabda bhI paryApta mAtrA meM prayukta hue haiM, jo prAkRta - apabhraMza ke haiM / tatsama zabda hamAre prabandhakAvyoM meM tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga adhika nahIM huA hai / aise zabdoM kA prayoga stuti evaM dArzanika sthaloM tathA aprastuta yojanA meM adhika huA hai, phira bhI saMskRta ke sAmAnya zabdoM kA vyavahAra sthalasthala para mila jAtA hai, jaise--aMga, anaMga, raMga, AliMgana, ura, udyama, tyAga, Rtu, sarvajJa, suta, doSa, nArI, dharma, dAna, zIla, tapa, saMyama, catuSTaya, saMyama, hiMsA, ahiMsA, prabhu, guNa, prastAva, subhaTa, zUra, rAga, dva eSa, nizcaya, anaMta, ratnatraya, rasAla, uttama, jagadIza, raNa, ari, AjJA, caitanya, haMsa, dhanuSa, vANa, vItarAga, pura, dvAra, sakala, anUpa, gupta, upazAMta, zithila, rudhira, parityAga, nirAkAra, nirmala, avicala, niraMjana, svarUpa, lakSaNa, 1. dinakara : miTTI kI ora, pRSTha 152 /

Page #263
bhASA-zailI 271 lokAloka, siddha, kiMcita, carama, dravya, saMtApa, aniSTa, chatra, antara, karma, SaTrasa, kiMkara, prasAda, zivapura, nihAra, dakSiNa, puNya, pApa, gaja, sukumAra, RSi, gati, upakAra, saMgati, rasanA, locana, toraNa, durjana, bhinna, anAdi, avinAzI, cidAnanda, dhyAna, haga, pragaTa, viSayAzrita, bhava, bhrama, mAtA, sevaka, svAmI, raMca, Ayu, bAla, cetana, sundara, sudRSTi, mIna, divasa, vibhUti, zuka, vyoma, khaga, vyAla, tattva, svabhAva, koTi, kUpa, kAla, ali, pala, prANa, zravaNa, paMcendriya, pataMga, kaMcana, dIpaka, pAvaka, aMjana, saMkaTa, viSa, veli, sama, janma, jarA, viSama, kaMTaka, parigraha, saMpati, vikarAla, nija, agha, navanidhi, lokottama, kalpataru, pavana, duSTa, koSa, kula, avatAra, saMta, pada, kamala, AdhAra, patra, puMja, ati, saghana, vizAla, vana, akSata, kuMkuma, hema, taMdula, aSTa, akSaya, capalA, marubhUmi, hastI, mada, paMkaja, putra, kalatra, mitra, viSadhara, rudhira, vajra, kuThAra, saMsAra, parvata, sahodara, bhrAtA, darpaNa, chavi, vipra, mahArAja, triyA, prohita, devakumAra, gRha, nRpati, maMgalAcaraNa, basaMta, vistAra, zotha, moha, svarga, naraka, priyA, tAta, bhramaNa, zoka, karuNA, prANI, sAgara, nyAya, dizA, punIta, dvAdaza, kalaMka, pratijJA, sarasa, paMca, parama, rUpa Adi / ina tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita zabdoM ke rUpa meM huA hai / bhASA kI udAra pravRtti ne inheM apane meM ghulA-milA liyA hai / inake vyavahAra se bhASA saMskRtaniSTha yA durUha nahIM ho gayI hai| apanI saralatA aura sahajatA ke kAraNa ye zabda saMskRta ke hote hue bhI apane pratIta hote haiN| ___pArzvapurANa', 'jIvaMdhara carita', 'varddhamAnapurANa', 'zataaSTottarI', 'cetanakarma caritra' prabhRti kAvyoM meM aise zabdoM kA adhika prayoga huA hai| prAyaH sabhI prabandhakAvyoM meM aneka sthAnoM para tatsama zabda kiMcita parivartita hokara sarala banakara Aye haiM, yathA-dIradha (dIrgha), kusIla (kuzIla), dicchA (dIkSA), agani (agni), barajata (varjata), bIthI (vIthI), soka (zoka), muniMda (munIndra), bAna (bANa), visvAsa (vizvAsa), prApati

Page #264
272 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (prApti), dharama (dharma), chimA (kSamA), avasi (avazya), sarUpa (svarUpa), supana (svapna), duddhara (durdharSa), cArita (cAritra), Atama (Atma), paramAtama (paramAtma), subhAva (svabhAva), grISama (grISma), ratana (ratna), punama (puNya), jathAjoga (yathAyogya), niThura (niSThura), loyana (locana), saravara (sarovara), sarana (zaraNa), pUraba (pUrva), syAma (zyAma), gyAni (jJAna), ritu (Rtu), kirayA (kriyA), mukati (mukti), moSa (mokSa), lakSamana (lakSmaNa), saMjama (saMyama), nAsa (nAza), nisa (nizi), parakAsa (prakAza), turata (turanta), mAraga (mArga), parapaMca (prapaMca), china (kSaNa), paragaTa (prakaTa), bharama (bhrama), karama (karma), saneha (sneha), nihace (nizcaya), janama (janma), puggala (pudgala), kilola (kallola), jobana (yauvana), naina (nayana), tatakAla (tatkAla), paradhAna (pradhAna), lakSamI (lakSmI), aranya (araNya), madhi (madhya), niramala (narmala), daraba (dravya), bhUpata (bhUpati), bhramana (bhramaNa), jugala (yugala), aragha (ardhya), dhani (dhanya), siva (ziva), thaMma (stambha), siSara (zikhara), parakAra (prakAra), disA (dizA), pirathI (pRthvI), dhriga (dhik), AbhUSana (AbhUSaNa), padama (padma), kusala (kuzala), asubha (azubha), siMgAra (zRMgAra), visAla (vizAla), aMtariSa (antarikSa) Adi / tadbhava zabda Alocya kAvyoM meM tatsama zabdoM kI apekSA tadbhava zabda adhika Aye haiN| ye zabda prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza Adi se calakara hindI meM apane ho gaye haiM aura janavANI meM samA gaye haiM / ina zabdoM ke sahaja prayoga se brajabhASA kA saundarya hI nahIM bar3hA, isakA zabdakoza bhI bar3hA hai| ye zabda vyAvahArika, karNapriya aura ucita sthAna para apane prayoga ke kAraNa bhASA kI zobhA bar3hAte haiN| kahIM-kahIM ye zabda grAmINa brajabhASA kI jhalaka bhI dete haiN| prabandhoM meM vyavahRta tadbhava zabdAvalI meM se thor3e se zabda draSTavya haiM : AMgana, ausara, parasa, AgaunI, hiya, phAguna, bhIta, AMba, sAMjha, pahara, .. kaMgana, duti, sanmukha, thiratA, kevaTa (kevarta), corI, vIna, balamA, kAna, pUtalI, seja, seTha, cakavA, mora, bhauMha, bhauna, kAnha, vinaTThI, diTTI, dir3ha, /

Page #265
bhASA-zailI 273 bega, pachatAnA, samAya, dauja, doyaja, cAMda, jatana, Aga, biriyA~ ( velA), vakhAna, upajyo, barAtI, pIche, barasa, sIMga, bAdara, sugana, majhAra, auguna, dina, chatrI, sumari, cauthI, maMdira, camakAya, aMgurI, tIna, sAsa, sAvana, paMSI, kATha, gAma, gaMvAra, hAtha, khoja, siya, AdhI rAta, jAMcana, U~cI, lAja, uchAha, kheta, khela, khIMcaM, bAta, cAra, cyAri, sIkha, soraha, visAri, kAja, jIta, nisaMka, urAhato, vilamoM, gAMTha, maMjhAra, rena, dhIra, guphA, barasAya, agAU (agra), sikhavai, gajjahi, bIjulI, rASi, kAMpa Adi / dezI zabda prabandhakAvyoM meM vyavahAra ke dezaja zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai kintu unakI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai / sthAna vizeSa para dainika bolacAla meM jina zabdoM kA AdAna-pradAna hotA hai, ve svata: hI kAvyoM meM sthAna pA gaye haiM, udAharaNArtha savAsanI ( vara aura kanyA kI bahana), maruTa (maravaTa, rolI Adi ke biMduoM se dUlhA ke mukha ko sajAnA), SaNi (khana, bhavana Adi kI maMjila ), pheMTA ( sAphA ), auMgA ( eka prakAra kA paudhA jisake sparza mAtra se choTe-choTe kA~Te svataH hI zarIra yA zarIra ke vastroM meM laga jAte haiM), aralU (paudhA), khirahaTI (eka choTA paudhA ), khejar3a ( eka choTA paudhA), nega, jhAga, jhakora, rIjha, golI, buhArI, DerA, seharA, cinagArI, bAr3I (pazuoM ko bA~dhane kA sthala), lAra (sAtha), Tera, DhIla, ghuraghura, utAvalA Adi / videzI zabda AlocyakAla muslima zAsanakAla thA / hindU-muslima samparka se phArasI, aravI Adi bhASAoM ke zabda hindI meM ghara kara cuke the / hindI kI udAra pravRtti ne ina zabdoM ko apanA liyA hai / hamAre kAvyoM meM aise zabda sahajata: mila jAte haiM / unameM arabI bhASA kI apekSA phArasI ke zabdoM kI adhikatA hai /

Page #266
274 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana phArasI jIna, khUba, khuza, sitAba (zIghra), hAjirI, paradA, duzmana, bajAra, jora, siradAra, saradAra, gumAna, jahA~na, darabAra, ajamAisa (AjamAiza), Akhira, bAjUbaMda, khidamatagAra, cAbuka, garIba-nivAja, gunhoM (gunAha), mojA, jAmA, dila, cazama (cazma), najadIka, nAhaka, goza (kAna), khilApha, phauja aadi| arabI khasama, dagA, karAra, araja (arja), khabara, jIna, kharaca, ganIma, javAba, gAphila, umara, sAhaba, mahallA, vajIra, hujUra aadi| uparyukta videzI zabdoM ke prayoga ke sambandha meM itanA kaha denA aura abhISTa hai ki unakA prayoga anya kAvyoM kI apekSA 'sItA carita', 'cetana karma caritra', 'zata aSTottarI' Adi kAvyoM meM kucheka sthaloM para adhika mAtrA meM huA hai| kahanA na hogA ki vivecya kAvyoM meM tadbhava zabdoM kI pradhAnatA hai| unase kama tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / isake pazcAt yadi dekhA jAye to unameM dezaja zabdoM ke sAtha-sAtha videzI zabdoM meM arabI tathA vizeSakara phArasI zabdoM kA bhI vyavahAra huA hai / Age calakara aba 'zabda-yojanA' draSTavya hai| zabda-yojanA zabdoM kA ucita aura saTIka prayoga bhASA ko sundara, sazakta aura prabhaviSNu banAtA hai| unakA asaMgata prayoga bhASA ko kitanA kurUpa aura nirjIva banA detA hai, yaha tathya kisI se chipA nahIM hai| ataeva bhASA ke prasaMga meM zabda-yojanA para vicAra kara lenA ucita hogaa| samAlocya prabandhoM meM adhikAMza sthaloM para zabdoM kA susaMgata prayoga huA dikhAyI detA hai, jaise :

Page #267
bhASA-zailI 275 suta ko AliMgana kara udAra / puni mastaka cumyau haraSa dhAra / kari moha prabala baiThAya aMka / taji soka bhaI mAtA nisaMka // ' yaha jIvandhara aura usakI mAtA ke milana kA prasaMga hai / pratyeka zabda prasaMga, paristhiti aura bhAva-rasAnukUla hai| itanA hI nahIM, yaha sahaja mAdhurya se otaprota, marmasparzI aura sArthaka hai| isameM zabdoM ke samucita prayoga ke sAtha hI suta kA AliMgana karanA, phira harSita hokara mastaka ko cUma lenA, snehAtireka se goda meM baiThA lenA aura bahuta samaya se zaMkA aura zoka se pUrita hRdaya ko halakA kara lenA Adi meM bhAva-saurasya bhI dekhane yogya hai| isI prakAra bAra-bAra pUcha padama sItA kI kUsalAta / phiri phiri pUche moha dhari kahI kahI ihi bAta // isa dohe kI pahalI paMkti meM 'bAra-bAra' aura dUsarI paMkti meM 'phiriphiri' tathA 'kahI-kahA~' zabdoM kA prayoga bilkula yuktiyukta hai / unakA prayoga alaMkAra-camatkAra ke phera meM par3akara nahIM, bhAva kI gaharAI ko prakaTa karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai / sItA ke viyoga meM vihvala rAma kI aMta:prakRti ke rahasya ko udghATita karane vAle uparyukta zabda bolate hue-se pratIta hote haiN| zabdoM kA sundara aura sAbhiprAya prayoga yahA~ dekhate hI banatA hai| aise hI citra aura liye jA sakate haiM : jyoM jyoM bhoga saMjoga manohara, manavAMchita jana pAvai / tisanA nAgani tyoM tyoM DaMke, lahara jahara kI Avai // ye zabda tRSNA ko nAgina kA rUpa dekara usake jahara kI lahara se mAnava ko aTapaTI avasthA meM DAla dene ke bhAva ko acchI prakAra se prakaTa karane 1. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 127, pRSTha 86 / 2. sItA carita, padya 1336, pRSTha 72 / 3. pArzvapurANa, padya 63, pRSTha 34 /

Page #268
276 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kI kSamatA hI nahIM rakhate, varan tatsambandhI citra ko prastuta karane meM bhI bahuta saphala haiM / yahA~ 'jyoM-jyoM', 'tyoM-tyoM', 'bhoga aura saMjoga', 'manohara aura manavAMchita', 'tisanA aura nAgina', 'lahara aura jahara' zabdoM kA prayoga vastutaH bar3A AkarSaka hai| sAtha hI abhISTa bhAvoddIpana meM bar3A sahAyaka bhii| zabda-yojanA meM varNa-maitrI aura varNa-saMgati bhI apanA sthAna rakhatI hai| hamAre kAvyoM meM inake aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / bAnagI ke lie dekhie : koTi koTi kaSTa sahe, kaSTa meM zarIra dahe, dhUma pAna kiyau pai na pAyo bheda tana ko| jJAna binA bera bera, kriyA karI phera phera, kiyo koU kAraja na Atama jatana ko // ' yahA~ kRSNavarNAMkita zabdoM para dRSTi DAliye / vargoM meM maitrI bhI hai aura saMgati bhii| barAbara mAtrAoM ke 'saheM' aura 'dahe', 'bera-bera' aura 'phera-phera' zabdoM kA prayoga kitanA pyArA hai ! 'koTi-koTi' ke pazcAt 'kaSTa sahe' aura usake pazcAt 'kaSTa meM zarIra dahe' kA prayoga apanI sAnI nahIM rkhtaa| kula milAkara kavi bhAva ko hRdaya para chA denA cAhatA hai / isI prakAra : - jo baiTho to dRr3ha mati gaho / jo dRr3ha gaho to pakari na rho|| jo pakaro to cugA na khaiyo / jo khAvo to ulaTi na jiyo| jo ulaTo to taji bhaji jaiyo / ' isameM 'jo' aura 'to' kI yojanA kitanI hRdayasparzI hai ! pAThaka socatA hai ki abhI kavi kA kathana pUrA nahIM huA hai, ataH usakA kotUhala bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / phira usameM samaveta dhvani bhI hai / 'dRr3ha mati gaho', 'dRr3ha,gaho', 'pakari na raho', 'pakaro to cugA na khaiyo', 'khAvo to ulaTi na jaiyo', 'ulaTo to taji bhaji jaiyo' kA prayoga brajabhASA kI komala prakRti, zabdasaMgati aura artha kI sarasatA kA paricAyaka hai| 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 64, pRSTha 22 / 2. sUA battIsI, padya 14, pRSTha 2.66 /

Page #269
bhASA-zailI 277 dhvanimUlakatA kAvya meM aneka sthaloM para prayukta varNa yA zabda dhvani-lahariyA~ udbhUta karate haiM / varNa yA zabdoM kI dhvanyAtmakatA citra bhASA ko janma detI hai| kavitA ke zabda sasvara hone cAhie~, jo bolate hoM; seba kI taraha jinake rasa kI madhura lAlimA jinameM bhItara na samA sakane ke kAraNa bAhara jhalaka par3e, jo apane bhAvoM ko apanI hI dhvani meM A~khoM ke sAmane citrita kara skeN|' ina prabandhoM meM aneka aise prasaMgoM kI avatAraNA huI hai, jinameM zabdoM se dhvani utpanna huI ho / 'sItA carita', 'cetana karma caritra', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'pArzvapurANa', 'jIvaMdhara carita', 'zataaSTottarI', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'zreNika carita', 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsa saMvAda' prabhRti racanAoM meM dhvanimUlaka citra adhika dRSTigocara hote haiM, jaise : aMdhakAra chAyau cahu~ ora / garaja garaja barakheM dhana ghora / jharai nIra musalopama dhAra / vaka bIja jhalaka bhayakAra // yahA~ ghora ghana kI garjanA ke lie 'garaja garaja' kA prayoga tadnukUla dhvani de rahA hai| bAdaloM se jharate hue nIra ke lie 'jharai' aura bijalI kI kauMdha ke lie 'jhalaka' zabda bar3e hI upayukta haiM / cAroM ora bhare hue aMdhakAra ke lie 'chAyo' zabda meM dhvani kI sUkSma lahareM vidyamAna haiN| isI prakAra : kilakata betAla kAla kajjala chabi sajahiM / bhauM karAla vikarAla bhAla madagaja jimi gajahi // ina zabdoM kI dhvani se vaha citra sAmane AtA hai, jo bhayAnakatA kA 1. paMta : pallava, praveza, pRSTha 17 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 16, pRSTha 123 / ___3. vahI, padya 20, pRSTha 123 /

Page #270
278 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana pratIka ho / lagatA hai jaise yaha zabdAvalI svayaM mahAkAla kA rUpa dhAraNa kara AyI hai / aisA hI citra aura dekhie : raNasiMge bajahiM, kou na bhajjahiM, karahiM mahA dou juddha / yuddhaviSayaka prasaMga ke lie aise hI zabdoM kA vyavahAra ucita kahA jAtA hai / 'raNasiMge bajjahiM, kou na bhajjahiM' meM kaisI mArmika dhvani hai| aura bhI udAharaNa darzanIya hai : arI koI suraMga turaMga nacAvai haaN| vivAha ke avasara para sundara ghor3oM ko nacAne ke lie dhvani kI dRSTi / se 'arI koI suraMga turaMga nacAvai hA~' zabdAvalI kA prayoga dRzya ke ThIka anukUla hai / 'suraMga-turaMga' donoM zabda varNamaitrI, AnuprAsikatA aura madhura dhvani se sampuTita haiM / aisA hI eka udAharaNa aura draSTavya hai : jIvAM ko bADyo racyo, pukAra kara sabahI bilalAya to| hirar3a bhirar3a mAMcI jahA~, nemikumara deSyA niratAya to| bAr3e meM ghere gaye pazuoM kA citra hai / pazuoM ke pukArane aura Akula hokara vilApa karane ke lie 'pukAra kara bilalAya tau' tathA idhara-udhara Apasa meM pazuoM ke bhAgane aura TakarAne ke lie 'hirar3a bhirar3a mAMcI' zabdoM kA prayoga dhvanyAtmakatA kA acchA udAharaNa hai / zabdoM kI sasvaratA kA eka namUnA aura diyA jAtA hai : mRdaMga dhapa dhapa bAjitA, caTapaTa caTapaTa bAje tAla tau| tabalI bAje pema syauM, kakar3ada kakar3ada karata kaMsAla tau| rAsabhaNoM zrI nemi ko|| 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 165, pRSTha 71 / 2. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1028, pRSTha 60 / 3. neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / / nemIzvara rAsa, padya 711, pRSTha 42 /

Page #271
bhASA-zailI 276 jaise saMgIta ke sAja hAtha ke izAre se bolate haiM, vaise ye zabda bhI bola rahe haiN| ina zabdoM meM vaisI hI dhvani hai, jaisI citra-prastuti ke lie Avazyaka hotI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki vivecya prabandhakAvyoM meM aneka sthaloM para dhvani utpanna karane vAle citra upalabdha haiM / dhvani se itara bhASA meM guNavyaMjaka padAvalI bhI use udAttatA pradAna karatI hai / aba vahI dekhie / guNa-vyaMjaka padAvalI guNa kAvya-saundarya ke tattva haiM aura rasotkarSa ke kAraNarUpa dharma haiN| guNa zabda ke bhI dharma haiM aura artha ke bhI; isIlie kAvya meM unakI anivArya sattA svIkAra kI gayI hai / Alocya kAvyoM meM prasAda, mAdhurya aura oja, tInoM guNoM ko vyaMjita karane vAle prasaMga upalabdha haiN| una para sakSepa meM anuzIlanAtmaka dRSTi DAlI jA rahI hai / prasAda hamAre kAvyoM meM adhikAMza sthaloM para prasAdaguNAtmaka padAvalI kA prayoga huA dikhAyI detA hai / aise sthaloM para bhASA meM adhika sarala, prAyaH samAsa aura tatsama rahita zabdoM ko vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie dekhie : mAtA ke juga pada koM viloki / nija sIsa nAya dInI sUDhoki / / puni jananI nija suta ko sudeSi / ati trapti bhaI ura meM viseSi // jaga meM mAtA suta ko nihAri / ko haraSa kare nAhIM udAra // yaha sIdhe-sAde zabdoM meM sahaja abhivyakti hai| artha meM kahIM koI ulajhana nahIM / sAmAnya tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga avazya huA hai, para ve bhI lAvaNyamayI haiM / ina paMktiyoM ke artha kI svacchatA meM bhAva kI pavitratA 1. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 125-26, pRSTha 86 /

Page #272
280 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana khila rahI / prathama do paMktiyoM meM abhIpsita bhAva ko prakaTa karake antima paMkti meM lokaraMjanAtmaka nIti kI bAta bhI kaha dI hai| pUre avataraNa meM prasAda guNa vikasita ho rahA hai / isI guNa kA dUsarA udAharaNa dekhie : prastuta avataraNa ke zabda prAyaH samAsa aura saMyuktAkSaroM se rahita haiM tathA svata: hI apanA artha de rahe haiM / yahA~ binA lAga-lapeTa ke dRzya kA rasa citta meM pravAhita ho rahA hai / isameM prayukta sarala zabdAvalI sahaja, bhAvAbhivyaMjaka aura prasAda-guNa-yukta hai / isake sAtha hI 'koI-koI' kI AvRtti bhAvotkarSa meM vizeSa sahAyaka hai / anya zabda bhI apanI saralatA kI prasAdI bA~Ta rahe haiN| aisA hI eka aura citra uddhRta hai : 7 kautiga kAraNa purati niraSaM rUpa kumara laSi vihvala dhAi / koI rasoI ghara sUno taji, koI dor3I siMgAra chur3AI || koI chor3e nija suta rovato, lobhai para suta lei chur3Ai / jyoM jyoM rUpa kumara ko dekheM, hara tiya niraSai adhikAi // ' 1. kitane choTe-choTe aura sphUrta zabdoM kA prayoga hai isameM ! ina choTe-choTe zabdoM meM prasAda-guNAtmaka utkarSa vidyamAna hai / prasAda guNa kI oTa meM hI citrabhASA citra ko saMvAra rahI hai / eka udAharaNa aura avalokiye : 2. ratana jar3Ava jar3e nIla pIta syAma hare, resama kI Dorani so motina mAla laavhiiN| bhAMti bhAMti basana bichaunA sukha Asana ke, por3hiye ju neminAtha jananI jhulAvahIM // 2 kitIka bAla DAla teM, jhumAta gaila cAlateM girai prasUna hAlateM, uThAya goda meM bhareM / kitIka bAma cAlatI, sukaMTha mAla mAlatI, lageM samIra hAlatI suTUTi bhUva meM pareM // zreNika carita, padya 424, pRSTha 30 / nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa ), pRSTha 6 /

Page #273
bhASA-zailI 281 kitIka phUla goda meM, gharai caleM pramoda meM, liye ju sUna goda meM, prasUna kauM dissaavtii| kitIka nAri hasta haiM, vikAra kAma masta haiM, lakheM disA samasta haiM, sunaina kauM claavtii|| ina zabdoM meM saMgIta kI laya aura adbhuta miThAsa hai / zabdoM kI gati meM ucita krama se virAma bhI lubhAvanA hai| 'kitIka bAla DAla teM, jhumAta gaila cAlateM, gireM prasUna hAlateM', 'kitIka vAma cAlatI, sukaMTha mAla mAlatI, lageM samIra hAlatI', 'kitIka nAri hasta haiM, vikAra kAma masta haiM, lakheM disA samasta haiM' meM komala zabdoM ke sAmaMjasya kI jhar3I bhAvotkarSa kI jananI hai| aise hI zabda citrabhASA ko AvirbhUta kara hamAre hRdaya kI komala vRttiyoM ko jagAte haiN| yaha sampUrNa citra prasAda guNa se sampuTita hai, jisameM mAdhurya kA bhI abhAva nahIM hai / prasAda guNa ke atirikta mAdhurya guNa bhI kAvyAtmaka saundarya ko bar3hAne vAlA guNa hai| Age usI kI yojanA dekhie / mAdhurya mAdhurya-guNa-samanvita padAvalI kA prayoga zrRMgAra, zAnta, bhakti evaM vAtsalya rasAtmaka sthaloM para adhika huA hai aura aise sthala ina prabandhoM meM aneka haiN| ye sthala vastutaH sarasa, madhura aura bhAvAtmaka haiM, sAtha hI komala varNoM se yukta / nIce diye gaye avataraNa meM mAdhurya guNa kA kitanA viniveza hai, dekhie : kaMcanamaya jhArI ratanani jArI, kSIra samuda jala le bhariyaM / zItala hima kAraM cacita sAraM, DhArata anupama dhAra trayaM / / pUjata sura rAjaM haraSa samAjaM, jinavara caraNa kamala jugaM / jaga dukha nivAraM saba sukha kAraM, dAyaka sura siva pada paraM // 1. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 261, pRSTha 81 / 2, varddhamAna purANa, padya 166, pRSTha 166 /

Page #274
282 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isa padyAMza meM uktivaicitrya nahIM hai, madhura laya hai| citta ko sukhada anubhUti karAne vAle saMgItAtmaka evaM bhAvamaya ye zabda karNapriya haiN| anuprAsa kI sarasatA bhI ina zabdoM se TapakatI hai| bhakti-bhAva ko pragAr3ha karane vAlI yaha komalakAMta padAvalI mAdhurya guNa se otaprota hai / anya udAharaNa dekhie : phUlI latikA lalitA taruna saba phUle taruvara / bAjata maMda samIra puSpa barasAvata bhuma para // ' ___ yahA~ zruti-priya lalita zabdAvalI kA prayoga hai / 'phUlI latikA lalitA, taruna saba phUle taruvara' meM zabda-saukumArya ke sAtha bhAva-mAdhurya bhI chalaka rahA hai| vikasita puSpoM se yukta latikA ke lie 'phUlI' zabda kA prayoga kitanA AhlAdaka hai ! isI prakAra dhvanipUrita maMda samIra dvArA dharatI para puSpoM kI varSA karane ke lie 'puSpa barasAvata bhuma para' kA prayoga bhI kama hRdayasparzI nahIM hai / aisI hI kucha aura paMktiyA~ lIjie : lalita vacaka lIlAvatI, subha lacchana sukumAla / sahaja sugaMdha suhAvanI, jathA mAlatI mAla // sIla rUpa lAvanya nidhi, hAva bhAva rasa lIna / sobhA subhaga siMgAra kI, sakala kalA paravIna // ina dohoM meM komala aura madhura varNoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / karNakaTu akSaroM-Ta, Tha, Da, Dha Adi ke prayoga se kavi bacA hai / mAdhurya kI sRSTi ke lie anuprAsa alaMkAra kA sahArA lete hue komala varNoM, yathA-la, sa, ma, na, ra ko vizeSataH sthAna diyA gayA hai / pUrA avataraNa 'nArIgata' guNoM ko, usakI rUpa-rAzi ko prakAzita kara rahA hai / isI prakAra mAdhurya guNa ko vyaMjita karane vAlA prastuta sthala bhI dekhie : .. jinadatta carita (bakhtAvara mala), padya 42, pRSTha 65 / 2. pAvapurANa, padya 164-65, pRSTha 70-71 /

Page #275
bhASA-zailI zrISaMDa kukuma kapUra sugaMdha mili pUje zrI jinarAi | saMsAra bhramana Atapa nAsana ko kAraNa nRpa mana lAi // || zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho || taMdula ujala aSaMDa sugaMdha subha akSata pUja karAi / akSaya pada prApata ke kAraNa bhUpata jI pUjai bhAi // || zrI arahaMta mahimA ati banI ho / ' yaha bhakti rasa kA saMgIta pradhAna citra hai, jisameM komala, sAnunAsika evaM anuprAsayukta varNoM kA sahaja prayoga huA hai / mAdhurya guNa kA unmeSa aise sthaloM para dekhate hI banatA hai / oja guNa Alocya granthoM meM oja guNa kI sthiti prAyaH vIra, bIbhatsa, bhayAnaka aura raudra rasAtmaka sthaloM para hI sarvAdhika milatI hai / aise sthaloM para karkaza dhvani vAle varNa-saMghaTana aura saMyuktAkSaroM kA adhika prayoga dikhAyI detA hai / eka udAharaNa lIjie : aura siMgha pannaga vikarAla | kareM sabada kopyo jyoM kAla || Ayo pannaga phaNa kari daMDa / jIbha capala krodhI paracaMDa // 283 yahA~ bhayAnaka rasa kI abhivyakti hai, jisameM oja guNa kA Urjasvita lie 'kareM sabada pravAha hai / siMhoM kI dahAr3a aura pannagoM kI phuphakAra ke kopyo jyoM kAla' kA prayoga bhaya kI pUrI dhvani utpanna karatA hai / dUsarI paMkti meM 'Da' paruSa varNa ke alAvA karkaza dhvani utpanna karane vAle akSara nahIM rakhe gaye haiM, phira bhI daMDa, paracaMDa, phaNa ke madhya anya zabda oja kI sRSTi meM sahAyaka hue haiM / isI guNa kA anya udAharaNa : 1. zreNika carita, padya 1212-13, pRSTha 83 / 2. sItA carita, pRSTha 53 /

Page #276
284 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana cIreM karavata kATha jyoM, phAreM pakari kuThAra / tor3eM antara mAlikA, antara udara vidAra // peleM kolha melakeM, pIseM gharaTI ghAla / tAveM tAteM tela meM, daheM dahana parajAla / / pakari pAMya paTakeM puhumi, jhaTaki parasapara lehiM / kaMTaka seja subAvahIM, sUlI para dhari dehiM // ghaseM sakaMTaka rUkha teM, baitaranI le jAhiM / ghAyala gheri ghasITiye, kiMcita karunA nAhiM / ' yaha naraka kA varNana hai jisameM bIbhatsa aura bhayAnaka, donoM rasa eka sAtha camatkRta ho rahe haiM / 'cIreM karavata kATha jyoM, phAreM pakari kuThAra' meM 'Tha', 'pha' varNa 'ra' dagdhAkSara ke sAtha milakara ojaguNa ko sAkAra karane meM gajaba DhA rahe haiM / 'tor3eM antara mAlikA', 'peleM kolha mela ke', 'pIseM gharaTI ghAla', 'pakari pAya paTake', 'jhaTaki parasapara', 'ghaseM sakaMTaka', 'ghAyala gheri ghasITiye' jaisI zabdAvalI visphoTaka rUpa meM sAmane AyI hai / kavi ne ojapUrNa zailI kA Azraya lekara komala vargoM ko paruSa varNoM kI goda meM baiThAkara oja guNa ko mUrtamAna kara diyA hai| ojaguNaviSayaka eka aura avataraNa draSTavya hai : tAsa gajarAja ke daMta phuni daMta kari tor3i ke kari dIyo bala vihiino| sUDi karike bahuri sUDi ari gajatanI tor3i ke bhUmi gaja DAri diino||2 ina zabdoM kI capala gati ke sAtha hI kArya-vyApAroM kI druta gati vicAraNIya hai / yuddha kA citra ojapUrNa dhvani meM uTha rahA hai / Alocya kAvyoM meM oja guNa kA vaibhava vIra, raudra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa rasa ke sthaloM para dekhA jA sakatA hai| aise sthaloM para karNakaTu, ojaguNa 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 172-75, pRSTha 41-42 / 2. varAMga carita, padya 155, pRSTha 48 / .

Page #277
bhASA-zailI 285 vyaMjaka, saMyuktAkSaroM, kA bahulatA se prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / uddharaNa dekhie : daMtI soM daMtI ju juddha karate bhaye / dharata garva mana mAMhi subhaTa tina pe Thaye // aMjana girisama tuMga adhika chavi sAjaI / karata mahA ciMghAra kidhoM dhana gAjaI // isameM ojaguNa ke anukUla cittavRtti ko pradIpta karane vAlA zabdasamUha vyavahRta huA hai / daMtI, juddha, Thaye, tuMga, ciMdhAra zabda karNakaTU lagate haiN| bhayAnaka rasa vIra rasa kA sAthI banakara oja guNa meM abhivyakta ho rahA hai| isI prakAra : A Sar3e par3e dhar3ahar3e jema / bhai upaja jANa nahIM Sema // ___ isa sthala para prayukta paruSa varNa oja guNa ke sahAyaka banakara Aye haiN| 'Sar3e par3e dhar3ahaDai' kI kaThora dhvani vicAraNIya hai| zabda-zaktiyAM 'zabda kI zakti usake antarnihita artha ko vyakta karane kA vyApAra hai / ........ artha kA bodha karAne meM zabda kAraNa hai aura artha kA bodha karAne vAle vyApAra abhidhA, lakSaNA tathA vyaMjanA haiM / '3 abhidhA yahI zabda kI prathama aura mUlabhUta zakti hai| yahI zakti mukhyArtha kA bodha karAtI hai| jIvana ke adhikAMza kArya-vyApAra abhidhA-zakti dvArA hI sampA 1. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 98, pRSTha 100 / 2. sItA carita, padya 1741, pRSTha 67 / .. 3. hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga 1, pRSTha 823 /

Page #278
286 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana dita hote haiM / isI kAraNa kAvya ke antargata abhidhA ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| vivecya granthoM meM abhidhA-zakti kA sarvAdhika upayoga huA hai / katipaya prabandhakAvyoM jaise-'bhadrabAhu caritra', 'dhanyakumAra caritra', 'naimi-rAjulabArahamAsa saMvAda', 'zIlakathA', 'labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'nemicandrikA', 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'phUlamAla paccIsI' Adi meM adhikAMza sthala prAyaH abhidhAmUlaka haiN| zeSa racanAoM meM bhI abhidhA-zakti kA unmeSa sthala-sthala para dikhAyI deta hai| 'dhanyakumAra caritra' se eka uddharaNa lIjie : pAe cAra yahAM uThavAya / Adara soM dhoye umagAya // suta soM prIti adhika mana mAMhi / so jhalakI pAe pari mAMhi // yAteM ghasa ghasa pAe dhoya / sakala kAlimA dInI dhoya // ratana amolaka nIkale, lakha jananI sukha pAya / jagamagAra tinakI tahAM, hota bhaye adhikAya // ' yahAM analaMkArika aura sahaja bhASA meM mAtA ke putra ke prati sneha kI abhivyakti kaisI manohara hai ! isameM camatkArajanya zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hai, parantu abhidhAtmaka zabdoM meM bhAva-saukumArya hRdaya ko chUtA hai| bhAvapreSaNIyatA kI dRSTi se aise sthAna bhI stutya hote haiM / isI prakAra 'varAMgacarita' se uddhRta do paMktiyAM dekhie : . jyoM jyoM bhUpa varAMga, jatana te tAhi dhijAve / ce thiratA heta, roSa kari tyoM tyoM dhAve // ___ abhidhA meM prastuta azva para savAra varAMga kumAra kA citra hai| kalAvAdiyoM ko yahA~ dekhanA cAhie ki thor3e se zabdoM meM kitane kArya-vyApAroM 1. dhanyakumAra caritra, pRSTha 31 / 2. varAMga carita (pAMDe lAlacanda), padya 11, pRSTha 20 / /

Page #279
bhASA-zailI dekhate hI banatA hai / ko kholakara rakha dene ko sameTakara rakha diyA hai ! isameM bhAva kA utkarSa isameM zabda prayoga bhI bar3A saTIka aura artha ke marma vAlA hai / pahalI paMkti meM 'jyoM jyoM' aura dUsarI paMkti meM 'tyoM tyoM' kA prayoga bhAva ke prabhAva ko vistAra de rahA hai / abhidhA kA upayoga adhikAMza sthaloM para varNanAtmaka aMzoM ke citraNa ke lie huA hai / aise sthala jahA~ lambe haiM, ve avazya hI nIrasa haiM; kintu jahA~ ve saMkSipta haiM, vahA~ unakI mArmikatA hRdaya ko Andolita karane meM samartha hai / kahIM-kahIM aise sthala bimbaprastutIkaraNa meM bhI sahAyaka hue haiM / udAharaNArtha : maMgAye hAM ! gar3hAye hAM ! arI caMdana ke SaMbha arI so aMgana bIca arI U~cA kara maMDapa arI candropama sarasa banAyA hAM chAyA hAM ! arI je sakala arI jadupati keM suhAgana AI hAM ! mahaMdI lAI hAM ! arI koI citra vicitra banAvai hAM ! arI koI SarI parI pauna DhAre hAM ! citra vicitra sabai milakaM gIta maMgala gaavhiiN| prANa DhAre caMdana chavi pe harada tela car3hAvahIM // ' yahA~ kavi vaivAhika vAtAvaraNa kA dRzya sAkAra karane kA abhilA hai | usane sahaja zabdoM meM saMgIta kA puTa dekara kAvyagata lakSya ko hI pUrA nahIM kiyA hai, varan dRzya meM raMga bhara kara use AliMgana yogya banA diyA hai / 287 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki hamAre Alocya kAvyoM meM zabda kI abhidhA zakti se adhika kAma liyA gayA hai; siddhAnta kathanoM, zAnta aura bhakti rasa ke prasaMgoM meM to usakA aura bhI adhika vyavahAra huA hai / " 1. neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 3 / 2. (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 30-33, pRSTha 142 / (kha) madhubinduka caupaI, padya 52-54, pRSTha 140 // (ga) zIlakathA, pRSTha 36-40 /

Page #280
288 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana isake atirikta prabandhakAvyoM meM Akalita sUktiyoM ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA, jo zabda kI abhidhA zakti ke antargata AtI haiN| sahRdaya, bhAvaka aura marmajJa kavi apane kAvya meM aneka mAmika sUktiyoM ko sthAna detA hai| prabandhakAvyoM meM sUktiyoM kA prayoga sthala-sthala para mila jAtA hai| unameM dharma, pApa, puNya, sAdhu, guru, mana, zarIra, paMcendriya, saMsAra, dayA, mAyA, hiMsA, ahiMsA, abhimAna, krodha, moha, lobha, roga, dveSa, zIla, kuzIla, mitra, zatru, sajjana, durjana, bAlya-yauvana-vRddhAvasthA, karma, bhAgya, paropakAra, udyoga, saMtoSa, kSamA, cintA, pratizodha, kRtajJatA, kRtaghnatA, duHkha, sukha, vIra, kAyara, rAjya, nyAya, daNDa Adi se sambaddha sUktiyoM kA viniveza hai aura unameM abhidhA zakti kA utkarSa vidyamAna hai| thor3e se uddharaNa diye jAte haiM : (ka) iha hiradA kI pIra, ihi vyApa so jAnasI / ' (kha) jIva kamAI ApanI, chUTa nAhiM ghighAMhiM / ' (ga) jo paradhana ko vAMchaka hoya / tinake dravya na Ave koya // (gha) puNyavAna kI saMgata sAra / kIjai ho bhava sukha karatAra // (Ga) pApa thakI nAnA duSa hoya / agha sama aru jANoM mata koya // (ca) rAja jagata meM jAnI isii| capalA camatakAra ha jisau // (cha) jyoM lakhi dhUma agani hva jAne / tyoM bAlaka lakhi pura paravAne // (ja) dukha kaTata hai paMtha ko, jo koI dUjo hoya / sItA carita, padya 430 / vahI, padya 72 / dhanyakumAra caritra, pRSTha 42 / vahI, pRSTha 34 / 5 yazodhara carita, padya 552 / .. jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 52, pRSTha 4 / .. vahI, padya 62, pRSTha 7 / 8. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 20 /

Page #281
bhASA-zailI 286 286 (jha) bhoga burI saMsAra meM / ' (Ga) yaha saMsAra sadA supane sama / ' (Ta) paMcendriya kI prIti soM re, jIva sahai dukha ghora / ' (Tha) jAko byAha, tAhI ko gIta / sArAMza yaha hai ki vivecya kRtiyoM meM abhidhA zakti kA adhika upayoga huA hai| Age zabda kI dUsarI zakti (lakSaNA) vicAraNIya hai / lakSaNA yaha zabda kI dUsarI zakti hai| sAhitya meM aneka sthala aise Ate haiM jahA~ sIdhe rUpa meM mukhyArtha grahaNa nahIM ho pAtA aura vahA~ zabda kA rUr3hi yA prasaMga ke sahAre artha-bodha kara liyA jAtA hai| yaha zAbdika artha-vyApAra jisa zakti ke mAdhyama se bodhita hotA hai, zabda kI vahI zakti lakSaNA hai / dharmI ke sthAna para dharma ke prayoga se kAvya meM camatkAra kI vRddhi aura adhika rasAtmakatA kI sRSTi ho jAyA karatI hai / hamAre adhyayana ke granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para isa zakti kA prayoga milatA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa dekhiye : candramukhI mana dhArata hai jiya aMta sameM tokoM dukhadAI / / isameM 'candramukhI' zabda kI lakSaNA zakti draSTavya hai| yaha zabda vipula saundarya kA pratIka bana kara AyA hai / isa zabda meM vaha lAkSaNika zakti bharI huI hai jisakI pUrti zAyada kisI anya zabda se nahIM ho pAtI / isI prakAra : 1. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 23 / 2. zata aSTottarI, padya 77, pRSTha 25 / 3. paMcendriIya saMvAda, padya 131, pRSTha 250 / 4. neminAtha carita / zata aSTottarI, padya 80, pRSTha 26 /

Page #282
260 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana veTA thiti kari koya, vegi Sabari hama lIjiyo / tuma Anana aSi doya, ika bAMI ika dAhinI || isa citra kI dUsarI paMkti pahilI paMkti se sambandha jor3atI huI citra ke arthasauSThava ko sAmane rakha rahI hai / beTA ! tuma mere dAyeM-bAyeM nayana ho, nayanoM kI jyoti ho / tuma lambe samaya ke lie bana jA rahe ho| tumhAre na rahane para merI AkulatA kA koI chora nahIM hogA / lauTakara zIghra khabara lenA, nahIM to tuma jAnate ho ki netravihInA kI kyA dazA hotI hai ? lakSaNA zakti kA eka uddharaNa aura prastuta hai : deha kaMvara ko AMva taru, pahupa sUra paNa rUpa / kIrati bhaI sugaMdhatA, adbhuta atula anUpa // loka netra bhramarA bhaye, pareM atriptA hoya // ' yahA~ kumAra kI deha ko Ama kA vRkSa banA diyA hai / usakA zaurya AmravRkSa ke puSpoM se samatA rakhatA hai, jinakI zobhA aura surabhi dUra-dUra ke logoM ko lubhAtI hai / yaza meM surabhi nahIM hotI kintu kumAra kA yaza Amra-puSpoM ke saMyoga se surabhiyukta hai aura kIrtirUpI pavana kA sambala pAkara dUra taka pahuMcane kI kSamatA rakhatA / itanA hI nahIM, kumAra kA sugaMdhimaMDita yaza loka-netroM ko atRpta bhramara banAkara unheM anavarata rUpa se maMDarAne ke lie vivaza karatA hai / zabda kI lakSaNA zakti prastuta ke lie aprastuta vidhAna dvArA eka anUThA citra khar3A kara rahI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki Alocya kAvyoM meM aise aneka citra bhare par3e haiM jinameM lakSaNA zakti kA camatkAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI unake R. 1 sItA carita, padya 432, pRSTha 46 / jIvaMdhara carita ( daulatarAma ), padya 143 - 44, pRSTha 10 / (ka) hari haraSita ati hI bhayo, gayo rAma ke pAsa / Avata deNyau rAma neM, dina teM adhika parakAsa // - sItA carita, padya 866, pRSTha 46 / kramazaH

Page #283
bhASA-zailI 261 bIca-bIca meM prayukta lokaktiyoM evaM kahAvateM bhI lakSaNA ke antargata AtI haiM, kAraNa ki ve vAcyArtha se bhinna lakSyArtha ko nirUpita karatI haiM, jaise : (ka) haMsa ke vaMza ko koI cAla nahIM sikhAtA / ' (kha) AyuhIna puruSa ko auSadhi nahIM lgtii|' (ga) durjana kI prIti se sukha nahIM hotA / (gha) sarpa ko dUdha pilAne se amRta nahIM miltaa| (Ga) thor3e jala meM machalI tar3apatI hai / (ca) naukara rAjA se Age cale to rAjA nahIM hotaa| (cha) dhatUrA hI mIThA ho to Ikha ko kauna cAhe ?" (ja) nAka rahe teM saba rahyo, nAka gaye saba jAya / (jha) goda ke bAlaka ko chor3akara peTa ke bAlaka kI kauna AzA kre| (a) binA aparAdha nAga nahIM khAtA / Adi-Adi / (kha) ve vana bahuta kATha Agi kI hama cinagArI / - sItA carita, padya 166, pRSTha 12 / (ga) amRtamatI ke baina kokila sune lajAya, taba bana mA~hi jAya kAnana hI meM rhii| -yazodhara carita, padya 216 / (gha) parigraha poTa utAri saba, lIno cArita paMtha / -pArzva purANa, padya 102, pRSTha 35 / 1. pAzrvapurANa, padya 6, pRSTha 46 / vahI, padya 76, pRSTha 11 / 3. vahI, padya 114, pRSTha 14 / 1. vahI, padya 114, pRSTha 14 / 5. zIla kathA, pRSTha 36 / 6. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 28, pRSTha 141 / __ vahI, padya 166 / vahI, padya 14, pRSTha 240 / rAjula paccIsI, padya 7, pRSTha 4 / 10. dharma parIkSA, padya 333, 63 318 / 2.

Page #284
262 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vyaMjanA kAvya meM mukhyArtha aura lakSyArtha se itara eka viziSTa artha kI abhivyakti karane vAlI vyApAra-zakti vyaMjanA hai / vyaMjanA kI sthiti vastu, rasa aura alaMkAra tInoM ke antargata ho sakatI hai / vivecya kRtiyoM meM vyaMjanA zakti ke aneka uddharaNa upalabdha ho jAte haiN| pahalA udAharaNa draSTavya hai : lAI hoM lAlana bAla amolaka, dekhahu to tuma kaisI banI haiM / aisI kahu~ tihu~ loka meM sundara, aura na nAri aneka ghanI haiM / ' yaha subuddhi kA cetana se kathana hai, jisameM 'lAI hoM lAlana bAla amoloka' meM vastu, bhAva aura alaMkAra tInoM kI dhvani hai / 'lAlana' ke sAmane tInoM lokoM se sundariyA~ lAkara khar3I nahIM kI gayI haiM, apitu anAtmabhAva rUpa sundariyoM ke pIche bhaTakane vAle 'lAlana' ko Atma-bhAvoM ko apanAne kA saMdeza hai, jise vyaMjanA ke dvArA hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai | vyaMjanA zaktiko dyotita karane vAlI kucha paMktiyA~ aura lIjie : tU ati vRddha jJAna na tokoM / kitI dUra pura pUchata mokoM / taravara saravara bAga bisAlA | bahuri dekhiye khelataM bAlA / ' yaha vRddha sAdhu dvArA khelate hue choTe se bAlaka se 'nagara kitanI dUra hai ?" pUchane kA prasaMga hai / bAlaka ne prazna kA jo uttara diyA hai usameM vyaMjanA- kauzala samAyA huA hai| vRkSoM, sarovaroM, vizAla bAgoM aura phira khelate hue bAlakoM se yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki nagara bilakula pAsa hai / bAlaka nahIM kahatA ki nagara pAsa hai, parantu dhvani dvArA yaha spaSTa hai / isameM bAlaka kI kuzAgra buddhi ke paricaya kI bhI vyaMjanA hai / prastuta zakti ke prasaMga meM hI eka udAharaNa aura diyA jAtA hai : 1. zata aSTottarI, padya 85, pRSTha 27 / 2. jIvaMdhara carita ( daulatarAma ), padya 60, pRSTha 67 /

Page #285
bhASA-zailI ucchaMgi lIyo devakI, AMcala dUdha calyo asamAna to / sAre aMga huvo asanAna to // // rAsa bhaNoM zrI nemi ko // halI kalasa le DhAlIyo, 'mAtA devakI ne khelate hue kRSNa ko sasneha goda meM liyA, stana se dUdha bahakara AsamAna ko chUne lagA' meM devakI ke snehAtireka kI madhura vyaMjanA hai | 'haladhara ne turanta devakI ke Upara dUdha kA kalaza DAla diyA' meM dRzya para paradA DAlane kI, kRSNa ko surakSita rakhane kI vyaMjanA hai ki koI kaMsa se jAkara yaha na kaha de ki kRSNa devakI kA putra hai / isa prakAra yahA~ vyaMjanA zakti kA vaibhava atyanta hRdayasparzI hai / samAsa-rahita padAvalI adhikAMza prabandhakAvya aise haiM jinameM prAyaH samAsa-rahita padAvalI prayukta huI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki prabandha-praNetAoM kA dRSTikoNa sarala bhASA ke prayoga kI ora adhika aura banAva-zRMgAra kI ora kama rahA hai / unakI dRSTi meM sIdhI-sAdI zabdAvalI kAvya ke uddezya ko pUrNa kara hRdaya para gambhIra prabhAva DAlane meM samartha ho sakatI hai / samAsa - rahita bhASA ke kucha uddharaNa dekhie : 2. (ka) sAtoM sura ko gAyaba, adbhuta sukhamaya ina kAnana kara parakhiye, mIThe-mIThe (kha) kahIM keli kareM bagulA taru paiM, kahIM nAcata mora hiye hulaseM / kahIM haMsa phireM sara ke taTa pai, kahIM krIr3a kareM sabahI jalaseM // (ga) nemi kumAra anabolane anabole kachu na basAya ho / jI jo bole tAsoM boliye, anabole kachu na basAya ho // * svAda / nAda // 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 154, pRSTha 10 / 2. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 33 34, pRSTha 241 / jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA ), padya 166, pRSTha 77 / nemicandrikA, pRSTha 27 // 263

Page #286
264 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (gha) arI jAdoM pati kA bAgA lyAvo hA~ ! arI saba cuni cuni pahirAvo hA~ ! ___ arI rorI ko maruTa lagAyo hA~ ! arI jananI ura Ananda bADhyo hA~ !' Upara likhe gaye avataraNoM meM prAyaH samAsoM kA prayoga nahIM hai / samAsa bhASA meM kasAvaTa lAte haiM, zakti bharate haiM; parantu yahA~ unake binA bhI bhASA kI zakti ko cunautI nahIM dI jA sktii| ina choTe-choTe zabdoM meM jo arthasauSThava hai, bhAva ko uddIpta karane kI jo zakti hai, vaha sAdhAraNa nahIM hai| samastapadAvalI Alocya prabandhoM meM alpa mAtrA meM sAmAsika padAvalI upalabdha hotI hai| bhASAgata pravAha meM ye samAsa anAyAsa hI A baiThe haiM; unake prayoga ke lie kavi prayatnazIla dRSTigocara nahIM hote, yathA : (ka) dalabala deI devatA, mAtapitA parivAra / ' (kha) dipe cAmacAdara mar3hI, hAr3a pIjarA deha / / (ga) rAgadvaSa dou bar3e vajIra / (gha) janmajarAmarana ke bhaya ko nivAriye / (Ga) suvarNatAra poha bIca moti lAla lAiyA / __ suhIra panna nIla pIta padma joti chAiyA // ' (ca) ambara bhUSaNa DAra diye, siramora utAra ke DAra diyo hai| 1. neminAtha maMgala / pArzvapurANa, padya 74, pRSTha 56 / 3. vahI. padya 78, pRSTha 56 / 4. cetana karma caritra, padya 26, pRSTha 57 / 5. zata aSTottarI, padya 8, pRSTha hai| phUlamAla pcciisii| nemi byAha /

Page #287
bhASA-zailI 265 uparyukta paMktiyoM meM samAsa rakhe gaye haiN| unake prayoga se bhASA meM thor3e camatkAra kI pratIti hotI hai aura bhASAgata saundarya bhI bar3hA hai / aise samAsa bhASA meM sahajarUpa se samAviSTa ho gaye haiM; balapUrvaka unako lAne kA prayAsa nahIM hai| bhAvAnukUla bhASA bhAva ke anukUla bhASA badala jAtI hai| kadAcit isIlie bhASA kabhI eka rUpa aura eka rasa nahIM rhtii| pratyeka kavi kA apanA alaga vyaktitva hotA hai; bhAva kI abhivyakti kA usakA apanA alaga DhaMga hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kalAkAra kI bhASA meM bhAva ke anukUla vividhatA kA svataH hI sanniveza ho jAtA hai / samAlocya prabandhakAvyoM kI bhASA kI sarasatA usake bhAvAnukUla prayoga meM hai / udAharaNa ke lie, 'ne mIzvara rAsa' meM kRSNa ke rUpa-varNana meM bhASA yadi atIva sukumAra hai, to yuddha-varNana meM vahI visphoTaka bana gayI hai : kAnA kuMDala jagamaga, tana sohe pItAmbara cIra tau| mukuTa virAje ati bhalo, baMsI bajAvai syAma sarIsa to|| ||raas bhaNoM zrI nemi kau // cItakAra ratha ati kara, dantI garaje megha samAna to| ghor3A hIse ati ghaNA, camakai bIja Sar3aga samAna to|| ||raas bhaNoM zrI nemi ko // 'dharma parIkSA' meM bhASA zRMgAra rasa ke citraNa meM vizeSa lalita aura komala hai aura vyaMgyaparaka sthaloM para vaha AvezamayI dRSTigocara hotI hai : 1. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 146, pRSTha 10 / 2. vahI, padya 848, pRSTha 50 /

Page #288
266 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana adhara kapola lAla sobhita marAla cAla, ati hI rasAla bAla bolata suhAvanI / nita hI suraMgI aradhaMgI bhAvane kI pyArI, locana kuraMgI sama pyAre mana bhAvanI // X jAti chipAvaM Doma caMDAla / jAti chipAvai dhUrata bAla / jAti chipA jAti alAma / jAti chipAvai duSTa gulAma // isI prakAra 'zata aSTottarI' kI bhASA kahIM kalA se sampuTita hai, kahIM vaha sIdhe aura sarala rUpa meM bhAva ko prabhAvazIla banAne meM sakSama hai, yathA : cetahu re cidAnaMda, ihA~ bane doU phaMda, kAminI kanaka chaMda, aina maina kAsI hai| jihiM ko tU dekha bhUlyo, viSaya sukha mAna phUlyo, / - moha kI dazA meM jhulyo, aina maina kAsI hai| xxx ve dina kyoM na vicArata cetana, mAta ko kUkha meM Aya base ho| Uradha pA~va lage nizi vAsara, raMca usAsani ko tarase ho|| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki adhikAMza prabandhoM meM bhAva-rasa, prasaMga aura paristhiti ke anurUpa hI bhASA ne aneka stara grahaNa kiye haiN| 1. dharma parIkSA, padya 464, pRSTha 30 / 2. vahI, padya 665, pRSTha 46 / / zata aSTottarI, padya 62, pRSTha 22 / 1. vahI, padya 32, pRSTha 15 / 5. (ka) karato kIr3A sara viSa, rahatau mAtA pAsa / caina pAvato tAta pai, dharatau mahA vilAsa / / kramazaH

Page #289
bhASA-zailI 267 Upara Alocya kAvyoM kI bhASA ke sambandha meM jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai, usase niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki unameM adhikAMza sthaloM para bhAva ke anurUpa bhASA kA prayoga huA hai aura isa prakAra bhASA ke aneka rUpa unameM prazasta haiN| adhikatara prabandhoM kI bhASA janabhASA ke samIpa utaratI huI dikhAyI detI hai / zabda-cayana aura zabda-yojanA ke dRSTikoNa se bhI bhASA ko adhika sAhityika banAne ke sthAna para use adhika vyAvahArika rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / 'sItA carita', 'zreNika carita' 'nemIzvararAsa' Adi kAvyoM kI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI ke kucha bIja samAhita ho gaye haiN| 'cetana karma caritra' kI bhASA meM kahIM-kahIM khar3I bolI kA puTa dRSTigocara hotA hai; anyathA adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM meM brajabhASA kI rUpamAdhurI kA sahaja sanniveza upalabdha hotA hai| alaMkAra-vidhAna bhASA meM alaMkAroM kI upayogitA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / alaMkAra jahA~ bhASA kI sajAvaTa ke upakaraNa hote haiM, vahA~ ve bhAvotkarSa meM bhI sahAyaka hote haiN| unakI eka manovaijJAnika bhUmi hotI hai / ve kathana meM spaSTatA, vistAra, Azcarya, jijJAsA, kautUhala Adi kI sarjanA karate haiN|' vastutaH 'alaMkAra kevala vANI kI sajAvaTa ke hI nahIM, bhAva kI abhivyakti tAta mAta teM ceTakA, vRthA vichohyo bAla / kautuka koM lIyo kaMvara, caraNa cUca cakhi lAla / -jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 15.16, pRSTha 36 / (kha) kahi kaThora durvacana bahu, tila tila khaMDe kAya / so taba hI tatakAla tana, pAre-bata mila jAya / kAMTe kara chedeM carana, bhedeM marama vicAra / asthijAla cUrana kareM, kucaleM khAli upAri // -pAvapurANa, padya 170-71, pRSTha 42 / .. DaoN0 nagendra : rItikAvya kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 86-87 /

Page #290
268 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ke vizeSa dvAra haiM / bhASA kI puSTi ke lie, rAga kI paripUrNatA ke lie Avazyaka upAdAna haiN| ___ yadi alaMkAroM kA zreNIvibhAjana kiyA jAye to moTe rUpa meM unake do prakAra sAmane Ate haiM-zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra / vivecya kAvyoM meM ina donoM prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA vidhAna milatA hai / itanA avazya hai ki hamAre kaviyoM kI alaMkaraNa kI ora pravRtti adhika nahIM dikhAyI detI, phira bhI unhoMne bhAva kI abhivyakti ko AkarSaka evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie alaMkAroM kA sahArA liyA hai| prabandhoM meM alaMkAroM ke prayoga se bhASA meM sauSThava aura bhAvoM meM citramayatA kA AvirbhAva ho gayA hai / ina kAvyoM meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga prayatnasAdhya kama aura sahajasAdhya adhika pratIta hotA hai| pahale zabdAlaMkAra draSTavya haiM, jinameM zabda kA hI vizeSa camatkAra darzanIya hai| anuprAsa Alocya kAvyoM meM aisA koI kAvya nahIM hai, jisameM anuprAsayukta zabdAvalI na mila jAtI ho| unameM anuprAsa alaMkAra kA prayoga kahIM sahaja bhAvAbhivyaMjanA ke lie huA hai, kahIM dhvani aura zabda-vaicitrya ke lie aura kahIM use jabardastI ThUsA gayA hai / sabhI ke udAharaNa lIjiye ! nija jananI vijayA ju sunandA mAMta ko| dAna mAna sanamAna kiyo bahubhAMta kau // isameM varNoM kI AvRtti sahaja rUpa meM sthAna pA gayI hai / kavi unakI yojanA ke lie sira khujalAtA pratIta nahIM hotA / Upara kI paMkti meM anuprAsa ke vidhAna ke alAvA nIce kI paMkti meM 'dAna mAna sanamAna' kA prayoga arthasauSThava meM sahAyaka huA hai / isI prakAra : hinahina haya rava karata kaMdha kaMpAvata ati vara / 1. panta : pallava (praveza), pRSTha 22 / jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 176, pRSTha 104 / vahI, padya 130, pRSTha 102 /

Page #291
bhASA-zailI 266 yahA~ dhvaniyukta varNoM kI AvRtti svAbhAvika hai / isa vidhi se kavi bhAva kI suSTha vyaMjanA meM saphala huA hai| isa alaMkAra kA prayoga kahIM-kahIM kArIgarI ke lie bhI huA hai, kintu usa kArIgarI se artha yA kAvyatva gauNa nahIM ho gayA hai, yathA : mAnata na merI kaha yau, mAna bahuterau kaha yo, ___mAnata na tero gayo, kaho kahA kahiye / kauna rIjha rIjha raha yo, kauna bUjha bUjha raha yo, __ aisI bAteM tumeM yAsoM kahA kahI cahiye / / ' kucha kAvyoM meM katipaya sthaloM para anuprAsa alaMkAra balapUrvaka lAyA gayA hai / vahA~ eka varNa ko phira-phira kara lAne kI dhuna hai / aise sthaloM para pAThaka anuprAsa ke camatkAra para rIjha sakatA hai, kintu bhAvavibhora hokara apane hRdaya kI vRttiyoM ko usameM lIna nahIM kara sakatA, jaisA ki isa uddharaNa se spaSTa hai: kelA karapaTa kaTahala kara / kaitha karoMdA koMca kanara / / kiramAlA kaMkola kalhAra / kamarakha kaMja kadama kacanAra / / khiranI khAraka piMDakhajUra / khaira khirahaTI khaijar3a mUra // arjuna amalI Ama anAra / agara aMjIra asoka apAra // aranI oMgA aralU mane / aMbara aMDa arIThA ghane / pAkara pIpara pUga priyaMga / pIlU pATala pAr3ha pataMga // kahanA cAhie ki vivecya kRtiyoM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga bharapUra huA hai / adhikAMza kRtiyoM ke kAvyAtmaka saundarya meM vaha sAdhaka hai aura kucha meM kahIM bAdhaka bhii| aba yamaka liijie| yamaka yaha zabdAzrita alaMkAra hai / anuprAsa kI bhAMti isakI yojanA adhika 1. zata aSTottarI, padya 17, pRSTha 11 / pArzvapurANa, padya 37-40, pRSTha 79-80 /

Page #292
300 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana nahIM milatI, phira bhI kucha sthaloM para isakA acchA prayoga huA hai / udAharaNArtha : kAlakUTa viSa sArikho, kAlakUTa iha bhIla / ' yahA~ prathama sthAna para 'kAlakUTa' viSa ke lie aura dvitIya sthAna para 'kAlakUTa' bhIla ke nAmarUpa meM prayukta huA hai| yaha sArthaka padAvRtti hai| anya udAharaNa : dekha kahA bhUli paryo, dekha kahA bhUli paryo / dekha bhUli kahA karyo, haryo sukha saba hI // prastuta avataraNa meM 'bhUli' zabda kI punarAvRtti meM yamaka alaMkAra hai / Age eka aura udAharaNa dekhie : gharI eka dekho khyAla, gharI kI kahAM hai cAla, gharI gharI ghariyAla zora yoM karatu hai / isameM 'gharI' zabda kI punarAvRtti bhinnArthaka hai| isa sthala para yamakAlaMkAra ukti vaicitrya aura camatkAra-pradarzana ke lie prayukta huA hai| zleSa . vivecya kAvyoM meM zliSTa zabdoM ke vyavahAra kA atyanta abhAva dikhAyI detA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki unake praNetA zAbdika camatkAra ke phera meM adhika nahIM par3e, tathApi kucha kaviyoM meM kathaMcita zliSTa zabdoM ko apane kAvyoM meM rakhane kI pravRtti dRSTigocara hotI hai, jaise : ___rAjula rAjakumAri vicArika, saMyamanAtha ko hAtha gahyo / ' 1. jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 126, pRSTha 6 / 2. zata aSTottarI, padya 31, pRSTha 15 / 3. vahI, padya 20, pRSTha 12 / / nemi-rAjamatI bArahamAsa (jinaharSa), padya 13, pRSTha 213 / /

Page #293
bhASA-zailI 301 yahA~ 'saMyamanAtha' ke do artha nikala rahe haiM - eka saMyamasvAmI aura dUsarA neminAtha, ata: isameM zleSa alaMkAra hai / punaruktiprakAza bhAva ko adhika prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie jahAM eka zabda kI eka se adhika bAra AvRtti hotI hai, pratyeka bAra jahA~ artha abhitra hotA hai, vahA~ punaruktiprakAza alaMkAra hotA hai / hamAre kaviyoM meM isa alaMkAra ke prayoga kI adhika pravRtti dikhAyI detI hai / Alocya kAvyoM meM isa alaMkAra kI aneka sthaloM para yojanA milatI hai / aisA lagatA hai ki yaha alaMkAra kaviyoM ke vizeSa AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai / katipaya udAharaNa : (ka) padma- padma vara varuna lasata jagamaga jagamaga tana / ' (kha) bhava bhava ati dukhadAya, moha samAna na zatru ko / ' (ga) kaSTa kaSTa dhana jori kari kahe manoharadAsa / 3 (gha) dhRga ghRga yaha saMsAra mahAvana bhaTaka aura na Ayo / ' (Ga) bAra bAra jina paga chuveM, dhanya dhanya ve nAri / " 1. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA ), padya 1, pRSTha 52 / 2. jIvaMdhara carita ( daulatarAma ), padya 103, pRSTha 1030 / 4. (ca) ghara ghara sAji saba triyA, kara solA siMgAra / (cha) ghara ghara kAmini gAvaiM gIta / ghara ghara hoya nirata saMgIta / 3. dharma parIkSA, padya 28, pRSTha 46 / varddhamAna purANa, padya 113, pRSTha 53 / nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa ), pRSTha 10 / ". 6. zIla kathA, pRSTha 72 / pArzvapurANa, padya 106, pRSTha 104 /

Page #294
302 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zabdAlaMkAroM ke bAda aba arthAlaMkAroM para dRSTi ddaalie| arthAlaMkAra ye alaMkAra artha ko utkarSa taka pahuMcAne vAle kAraNarUpa haiM / zabdAlaMkAra jahA~ vizeSataH bhASA ko sajAte haiM, vahA~ arthAlaMkAra bhAva-saundarya ko dviguNita karate haiM / vivecya granthoM meM inakA bhI sthAna hai| sarvaprathama upamA ko liijie| upamA yaha sampUrNa alaMkAroM meM zirobhUSaNa hai, kyoMki yaha sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM meM sabase Age hai aura kalA kI dRSTi apane saundaryabodha ke lie sarvaprathama sAdRzya kA Azraya grahaNa karatI hai / Alocya prabandhoM meM upamA alaMkAra kI sthala-sthala para yojanA huI hai| kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM : vezyA sama lachamI ati caMcala, yAko kauna ptyaaraa|' yahAM lakSmI (dhana-sampatti) kI caMcalatA kI upamA vezyA se dI gayI hai jo apanI caMcala-prakRti ke lie prasiddha hai / jaise, vezyA vizvasanIya nahIM hai, vaise hI lakSmI bhii| raMbhA ke dIpaka jahA~, candra kiraNa sama sAra / yahA~ mahala meM jalate hue manohara dIpakoM kI upamA raMbhA ke dIpakoM se dI gayI hai, jinakI razmiyA~ candrakiraNoM ke samAna ujjvala aura snigdha haiM / anya udAharaNa : dAnazIla guNa sohaiM doya / candra sUrya kI paTatara hoya // 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 66, pRSTha 34 / 2. yazodhara carita, padya 262 / varddhamAna purANa, padya 74, pRSTha 23 /

Page #295
bhASA-zailI 303 isameM dAna zIla kI candra-sUrya se upamA dI gayI hai / dAna kI khyAti candramA ke samAna hai aura zIla kI khyAti sUrya ke samAna / aba rUpaka alaMkAra dekhiye| rUpaka jahA~ upameya aura upamAna meM abheda kI pratIti ho, vahAM rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai / samAlocya kRtiyoM meM arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA ke samAna hI rUpaka kA bahula prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| unameM aise aneka prasaMga Aye haiM, jahAM rUpaka kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'zata aSTottarI' (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) se uddhRta yaha rUpaka bahuta sundara bana par3A hai, jisameM cetana rUpI rAjA ko kAyA rUpI nagarI meM rAjya karate hue aura mAyArAnI meM magna rahate hue siddha kiyA hai / usake pAsa moha rUpI phaujadAra, krodha rUpI kotavAla tathA lobha rUpI vajIra hai / jaise : kAyA sI ju nagarI meM cinAnanda rAja kara, mAyA sI ju rAnI 4 magana bahu bhayo hai / moha sau hai phaujadAra krodha so hai kotavAra, lobha so vajIra jahA~ lUTive ko rahyau hai / ' vastutaH bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI pravRtti rUpaka-racanA kI ora adhika rahI hai / rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se unheM apane amISTa abhiprAya ko prakaTa karanA adhika bhAyA hai| unhoMne 'sUA battIsI' meM cetana ko totA kA rUpa dekara isa saMsAra rUpI vana meM bhaTakatI huI avasthA meM citrita kiyA hai : yaha saMsAra karma vana rUpa / tAmahi cetana suA anUpa / par3hata rahai guru vacana visAla / tauhu na apanI karai saMbhAla / / lobha nalini para baiThe jAya / viSaya svAda rasa laTake Aya / pakarihi durjana durgati parai / tAmeM dukha bahuta jiya bharai // zataaSTottarI, padya 26, pRSTha 14 / 2. sUA battIsI, padya 22-23, pRSTha 266 /

Page #296
bhASA-zailI 305 utprekSA prabandhakAvyoM meM utprekSAoM kA sthala-sthala para prayoga huA hai| unameM prayukta utprekSAe~ aneka haiM / bAnagI ke lie do-cAra draSTavya haiM : mahA manohara rUpa rasAla / mAnoM Ugyau candra visAla // ' bAlaka kA rUpa-lAvaNya aisA hai, mAno vizAla candramA / yahAM candramA sAmAnya aura paramparita upamAna hai| rUpa-citraNa ke avasara para kavijana prAyaH candramA ko bhUlate nahIM haiN| isI prakAra rudana karane aura azra bahAne ke lie barasate hue dhana ko lA baiThAnA bhI kaviyoM ko priya rahA hai : rudana karai adhikai aba, mAno ghana barasAya / ' ___ yahA~ sAdRzya kA vidhAna hai| yaha upamAna upameya kA citra sAkAra karane meM bhalI prakAra samartha hai / eka anya udAharaNa : rAjata utaMga asoka taruvara, pavana prerita thrhr| prabhu nikaTa pAya pramoda nATaka, karata mAnoM manaharai // isa utprekSA alaMkAra meM lAlitya kI jhalaka hai / prabhu kA sAmIpya pAkara pavana ke sahAre laharAtA huA azoka vRkSa aisA lagatA hai mAno manohara nATaka kara rahA ho| nATaka meM pAtra dvArA prakaTa bAha ya ceSTAoM aura bhA~ti-bhA~ti se jhUmate hue azoka vRkSa meM samatva bhAva kI pratiSThA hRdayasparzI hai / udAharaNa aura bhI : vimalamatI caMcala cakha cora / china avanI china jinadatta ora // tina donoM kI madhi-so rhii| nIla kamala mAnoM racanA bhaI // jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 47, pRSTha 4 / 2. zIlakathA, pRSTha 36 / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 125, pRSTha 134 / jinadatta carita (bakhtAvaramala), padya 66, pRSTha 18 /

Page #297
306 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vimalamatI ke caMcala haga jinadatta ke rUpa-saundarya kA pAna kara rahe haiN| rUpa kI pyAsa unheM jinadatta kI ora lagAtAra dekhane ke lie vivaza karatI hai, parantu lAja Akara unheM dharatI kI ora jhukAtI hai / vimalamatI aura jinadatta, donoM ke madhya aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno nIla kamaloM kI sRSTi ho gayI hai / yahA~ utprekSA ke mAdhyama se kavi ne apane abhIpsita bhAva ko bar3I sundaratA se pradarzita kiyA hai / yuddha-varNana ke prasaMga meM bhI utprekSAoM kA sundara prayoga huA hai, jaise : chUTata sara duhu ora, gagana chAyo shii| mAno baraSata megha, avani Upara mahI // ' isI prakAra rUpa-citraNa meM yaha utprekSA bar3I mArmika bana par3I hai : subha bainI syAma tarala alakeM / juga mAnoM nAgini sI laTakeM // saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vivecya kAvyoM meM utprekSAoM kA abhAva nahIM hai / unameM se kucha paramparAnukUla haiM aura kucha meM navyatA kI jhalaka hai| isake anantara anyokti kI bhUmi para Aiye / anyokti hamAre adhikAMza kAvya isa alaMkAra kI yojanA se prAyaH abhAvagrasta haiM, phira bhI kahIM-kahIM isakA prayoga acchA huA hai; yathA 'zataaSTottarI' meM / udAharaNArtha : sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, seyo semara vRccha / Aye dhokhe Ama ke, yApe pUraNa iccha // 1. varddhamAna purANa, padya 112, pRSTha 26 / 2. jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), pRSTha 36, padya 61 /

Page #298
bhASA-zailI 307 yApe pUraNa iccha, vRccha ko bheda na jaanyo| rahe viSaya lapaTAya, mugdha mati bharama bhulaanyo| phala mahiM nikase tUla, svAda puna kachU na hUvA / yahai jagata kI rIti, dekhi semara sama sUvA / ' yahA~ kavi ko abhipreta hai-mAnavAtmA ko nissAra saMsAra kI sthiti kA jJAna karAnA, kintu abhISTa bhAva tote ko sambodhita karake kahA gayA hai| atizayokti atiraMjanApUrNa citraNa meM atizayokti alaMkAra hotA hai / hamAre kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM isake udAharaNa mila jAte haiM, jaise : joI jAya dhanuSa ke pAsa / jale sarIra rahe nahIM sAMsa // 2 yahA~ dhanuSa kI pracaMDatA kA atizayoktipUrNa varNana hai / isI prakAra adholikhita avataraNa meM bhI zUravIra ke zaurya kA varNana bahuta bar3hA-car3hAkara kiyA gayA hai, jaise: chor3ata bhayo pracaMDa sarana ko ghora teN| chAya diyo AkAsa bhujana ke jora teM // ' isI alaMkAra kA eka aura udAharaNa lIjiye : vibhISaNa rAvaNa bhir3e, par3e vANa bahu bheda / tajeM vANa donyU tahAM, vANa vANa ko cheda // - 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 74, pRSTha 25 / 2. sItA carita, padya 281, pRSTha 16 / 3. jinadatta carita (bakhtAvaramala), padya 11, pRSTha 51 / 4. sItA carita, padya 1483, pRSTha 82 /

Page #299
308 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana Upara 'prabandhakAvyoM meM alaMkAra' viSayaka saMkSipta jAnakArI dI gayI hai / unameM inake atirikta aura bhI alaMkAroM kI yojanA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki unameM alaMkAroM kA ghaTATopa upalabdha nahIM hotA, kintu yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki unameM ramaNIyatA ke saMcAra hetu, bhASA kI kAnti aura bhAva ke utkarSa meM yoga dene ke lie aneka sthaloM para alaMkAroM kI yojanA huI hai| chanda-yojanA vastutaH chanda kavitA kA saMgIta hai, jo gati, yati evaM laya se maryAdita hokara kAvyAnubhUti ko adhika prabhAvazAlI evaM hRdayasparzI banAtA hai| prabandhakAvyoM meM zailI ke rUpa-nirmANa meM chandoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| AlocyakAla kalA-vaibhava kA kAla thaa| usameM kAvya ke antaHpakSa kI apekSA bAhya pakSa kA utkarSa adhika dikhAyI detA hai / ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki vivecya prabandhoM ke antargata kalA kI pratiSThA meM, bhAvAbhivyakti kI anekarUpatA meM aneka chandoM kA prayoga hotA / hamAre kAvyoM meM prayukta chanda vaNika bhI haiM aura mAtrika bhI; prAcIna bhI haiM aura navIna bhI / prabandhoM meM 'cAla' chanda ke alAvA bhinna-bhinna rAga-rAginiyoM para AdhRta 'DhAla' evaM 'deziyoM' kA prayoga to AlocyayugIna anya kaviyoM se itara vizeSatA kA paricAyaka hai aura aneka praNetAoM kI lokaruci tathA saMgItapriyatA kA pramANa hai| chanda-vidhAna ke sambandha meM Alocya kaviyoM kA svatantra dRSTikoNa rahA hai / saMskRta ke AcAryoM ne eka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga aura sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana kA jo nirdeza kiyA thA, usakA ina kaviyoM ne kaThoratA se pAlana nahIM kiyA / inhoMne sargabaddha kAvyoM ko eka hI chanda meM nahIM racA, bhale hI ve mahAkAvya hoM, ekArthakAvya hoM yA khaNDakAvya / eka sarga meM aneka chandoM kI yojanA kI pravRtti ina kaviyoM meM dikhAyI detI hai / sarga ke Adi, madhya aura anta ke kisI bhI sthala para AvazyakatAnusAra chanda badala diyA gayA hai / sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana kI paramparA kA prAyaH

Page #300
bhASA-zailI 306 pAlana kiyA gayA hai / yaha chanda-parivartana kahIM eka hI chanda se bhI huA hai| aura kahIM chanda-samUha ke sAtha bhii| 'rAjula paccIsI' aura 'neminAtha maMgala' kAvya eka hI chanda (DhAla) meM race gaye haiN| unameM prabandha kI chanda-paramparA kA viccheda kahA jA sakatA hai, parantu unameM chanda na badale jAne se bhI unakA prabandhatva aura kAvyatva surakSita rahA hai / ye donoM kRtiyA~ yaha siddha karatI haiM ki parivartita bhAva ke lie parivartita chanda kA cayana kiyA jAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| adhikAMza Alocya kAvyoM meM saMskRta ke vaNika chandoM kA prayoga kama huA hai; unameM pradhAnatA hindI ke mAtrika chandoM kI hai| mAtrika chandoM meM sarvAdhika rUpa se cayana 'caupaI' chanda kA hai| isake sAtha hI unameM dohA chanda bhI bahulatA se prayukta huA hai / vastutaH 'dohA-caupaI' ye do chanda aise haiM, jinakA prayoga adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM meM kahIM sAmAnya aura kahIM vizeSa rUpa meM huA hai / prabandhakAvya ke lie ye donoM upayogI chanda haiM, ata: unakA prayoga Alocya prabandhoM meM anivArya-sA parilakSita hotA hai| isa prasaMga meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne 16 mAtrA vAle 'caupAI' chanda ke sthAna para 15 mAtrA vAle 'caupaI chanda ko vizeSataH apanAyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie eka 'caupaI' chanda uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai : caMpaka pArijAta maMdAra / phUlana phaila rahI mahakAra // caita viracha teM baDhyo suhAga / aise suraga rabAne bAga / / 3 1.. (ka) dekhie-bhadrabAhu caritra, dvitIya sandhi kA anta, padya 65, pRSTha 38 / (kha) dekhie-pAvapurANa, cauthe adhikAra kA anta, padya 243, pRSTha 75 / 2. pArzvapurANa, tIsare adhikAra kA anta, padya 227 se 233, pRSTha 47-48 / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 184, pRSTha 701 /

Page #301
310 cAla jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA - prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hamAre adhikAMza kAvyoM meM caupAI dohA ke atirikta 'cAla' aura 'DhAla' kA bahuta prayoga huA hai / 'cAla' chanda se asampRkta bahuta thor3e prabandhakAvya haiM / 'cAla' adhikatara kaviyoM kA priya chanda rahA pratIta hotA hai aura usakA vidhAna sambhavataH kathA ko druta gati dene ke lie huA hai / ' 2 katipaya prabandhakAvyoM meM 'cAla' kA nAma bhI diyA gayA hai, isase 'cAla' ke aneka prakAroM kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / 'cAla' kA prayoga 'jIvaMdhara carita', 'yazodhara carita', 'pArzvapurANa', 'nemicandrikA', 'sItA carita', 'zra eNika carita', 'zIlakathA', 'bhadrabAhu caritra', 'labdhi vidhAna vrata kathA', 'varAMga carita' prabhRti racanAoM meM adhikAMza sthaloM para dRSTigocara hotA hai / DhAla 'DhAla' zabda brajabhASA meM 'DhAra' kahalAtA hai / ' 'are DhAra se gA !' meM DhAraDhAla kI layAtmakatA kI dhvani gUMja rahI hai / vastutaH geyatA DhAla kI pahalI vizeSatA hai / 'DhAla' kA Arambha kaba se huA ? kula 'DhAla' kitane prakAra kI haiM ? samasta ' DhAla' rAga-rAginiyoM para hI AdhArita haiM yA unameM se kucha rAgarahita haiM ? DhAla ke prayoga se kAvya ko kisa sImA taka utkarSa milA hai, 1. jAne cIra dakkhinI phaare| gaja motina hAra vidAre // aru dehI nakhana vidArI / aisI jo bhaI vaha nArI // - zIlakathA, pRSTha 50 / 2. pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 115 / 1. AsakaraNa kRta 'nemicandrikA' meM 'DhAla' ke sthAna para 'DhAra' kA prayoga huA hai, jaise DhAra ghorI kI, DhAra urAhane kI, DhAra vidhAre kI, DhAra bArahamAse kI, DhAra anabolane kI /

Page #302
bhASA-zailI 311 ityAdi praznoM kA uttara denA bahuta kaThina hai / jo ho, itanA avazya hai ki 'DhAla' rAjasthAnI jaina kAvya (vizeSataH zvetAmbara paramparA ke jaina kaviyoM ke kAvya) kA atyanta priya aura prazasta chanda-rUpa hai| usameM aneka rAgarAginiyoM kI AdhAra-bhUmi para deziyoM meM DhAloM kI racanA upalabdha hai| usake aneka kAvya to kevala DhAloM meM hI viracita haiM / 'DhAla' mUlataH rAga-tAla-layAdi se yukta hai; rasAtmakatA, prabhaviSNutA evaM taralatA usakA vizeSa guNa hai; lokagItoM kI bhAMti vaha loka-hRdaya ke nikaTa hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ne 'padminI caritra caupaI' kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai-'apanI paricita svaralaharI aura bola-cAla kI bhASA meM jo racanAe~ ko jAtI haiM, unako sAdhAraNa janatA saralatA se apanA letI hai| lokagItoM kI pracalita deziyoM meM DhAleM banAyI jAne se janatA unheM bhAvavibhora hokara sunatI hai aura unase milane vAlI zikSAoM ko apane jIvana kA tAnA-bAnA banA letI hai| vivecya prabandhoM meM 'neminAtha maMgala', 'zroNika carita' aura 'nemIzvararAsa' DhAlabaddha racanAe~ haiM / 'neminAtha maMgala' ko chor3akara ukta donoM kAvyoM meM yatra-tatra kucha aura chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, kintu pramukhatA DhAloM kI hai| 'zroNika carita' kAvya cauvana DhAloM meM (bhASA karI DhAla cauvana meM) pUrNa hai / 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM eka hajAra dasa DhAloM kA samAveza hai, jabaki usameM DhAloM kI tulanA meM anya chandoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai / vaha 'rAsa bhaNoM zrI nemi ko' kI Teka ke sAtha saTeka gIta-zailI meM likhA gayA hai / anya prabandhakAvyoM meM se 'zataaSTottarI', 'sItA carita', 'yazodharacarita', 'cetana karma caritra', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'nemicandrikA', 'zreNika carita', 'varAMga carita', 'neminAtha maMgala', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' prabhRti racanAoM meM 1. padminI caritra caupaI, pRSTha 26 / 2. zreNika carita, padya 1664, pRSTha 114 / nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1303, pRSTha 77 /

Page #303
312 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana 'ceta mana bhAI re // e dezI // ', 'dAna supAtrana dIjie / e dezI // ', 'banamAlI ke bAga caMpA mauli raha yau rI / / e dezI // ', 're jIyA to bina ghar3I re cha mAsa // e dezI // ', 'kapUra huvai ati Ujalo re miriyA setI raMga // e dezI // ', 'sumari palapala mohi zrI jina sumari palapala mohi' 'saMsAra sAsariyo bhAI dohilo', 'manamohana madana kumAra jI', 'gaja gAminI' 3 'tapasyA niraphala jAi nidAne', 'vade meghakumAra', 'jina dIyau tehi pAiyo', 'nidAna bala pUraba baira na Tarai', 'tIrthaMkara mahimA ati banI ho', "yaha saMsAra asAra mere lAla', 'zirayAne kI', 'ghorI kI', 'jayamAla kI', 'urA 1. nAka kahe jaga hUM bar3o, bAta suno saba koI re / nAka rahe pata loka meM, nAka gaye pata khoI re ||naak0|| -paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 17-18 se 27, pRSTha 240-41 / 2. sIle sItA agani nIra hoi, siMghAsana para dhAra / jai jai kAra kiyo deva, acaraja jaga meM jasa adhikAra // bhAmini sumari............ / -zroNika carita, padya 477.78, pRSTha 21-22 / 3. bhUpati rAnI celanA vara kAmini haraSa parasa parabhAya / raMge mahilA meM rahe vara kAmini suSa meM divasa vihAya // cAla gaja gAminI............ / -vahI, padya 600, pRSTha 41 / 1. bodha bhane nRpati sunI jI, asI ke bhkaai| bhalo dharama nija chor3i ke jI, anya dharama grahyo Ai / / ho bhUpati bahakai kyoM adhikaai| -vahI, padya 766, pRSTha 55 / 5. kima durbala ciMtA ura bhAsata suni nahIM jvAva krai| bahu haTha bhUpa kiyo taba bolI nAtha kahyau na parai / / nidAna bala pUraba baira na Tarai / / -vahI, padya 1036, pRSTha 77 / 6. vahI, padya 1612, pRSTha 107.8 / / 7. jhUnAgar3ha te tejina AI, dUlaha kheMci bulAI sunau juu| pAMya paijanI jIna jarakasI, resama bAga lagAI sunau jU // -nemicandrikA, pRSTha 11 /

Page #304
bhASA-zailI 313 hane kI', 'vidhAre kI', 'bArahamAse kI', 'anabolane kI', 'jogIrAsa kI' Adi-Adi DhAloM kA vyavahAra huA hai / inameM se adhikAMza DhAleM saTeka gIta-zailI para racI gayI haiM aura saMgItaviSayaka rAgoM se sambaddha haiN| gIti-tattva unameM Adi se anta taka anusyUta hai aura jaise lokagItoM ke aneka prakAra haiM, aneka avasaroM ke anekAneka gIta haiM, vaise hI DhAloM ke bhI aneka prakAra haiM, unameM aneka rAga haiM aura unameM sabhI bhAva-rasoM ko abhivyakta karane kI kSamatA hai| savaiyA uparyukta chandoM ke alAvA 'savaiyA' aura 'kavitta' ko lenA caahie| savaiyA chanda apane nAda-saundarya ke lie prasiddha hai aura Alocya yuga kA yaha priya chanda hai / vivecanIya kRtiyoM meM isakA sabase adhika upayoga 'zataaSTottarI' kAvya meM huA hai / isameM savaiyA ke kaI rUpa ubhare haiM / 2 'dharmaparIkSA', 'varAMga carita', 'jinadatta carita', 'zIlakathA', 'jIvaMdhara carita' Adi prabandhakAvyoM meM bhI isa chanda kI yojanA hai| 'zIlakathA' meM eka hI sthala 1. ejI nemi piyA anabolane, anabole kachu na basAya ho / nemIzvara anabolane, anabole kachu na basAya ho / nemikumAra anbolne..............| -nemicandrikA (AsaaraNa), pRSTha 26 / 2. (ka) dekha kahA bhUli paryo dekha kahA bhUli paryo, dekha bhUli kahA karyo haryo sukha saba hii| -zataaSTottarI, padya 31, pRSTha 15 / (kha) kevala rUpa virAjata cetana tAhi viloki are matavAre / -vahI, padya 50, pRSTha 16 / bhagavaMta bhajo su tajo paramAda, samAdhi ke saMga meM raMga rho| -vahI, padya 102, pRSTha 31 /

Page #305
3. 4. 314 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana para eka sAtha dasa savaiyA ( teIsA) 1 chandoM kA sulalita prayoga hai / kucha kAvyoM meM sarvaiyA ikatIsA bhI prayukta huA hai / kavitta 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 55 se 56 / 2. mokoM nahIM visavAsa kachU aba prANana ko vaha de chuTakAI / aba kauna kauM dehuM dikhAya kamAI || puni so tuma tAtakoM sauMpahu jAI / aba bheSa phakIrI ghareM hama bhAI // caMcala capala bAla locana visAla lAla bhAla meM virAje rati bhUSana - zIlakathA, pRSTha 57 1 saMvAre hai | - dharma parIkSA, padya 1601, pRSTha 77 / pArzvapurANa, padya 5 se 42, pRSTha e4-67 // (ka) gaMbhIra ghanAghana ghoSa jAsa / bahu sundara suMDa sugaMdha sAMsa // so kAma sarUpI kAma gon| jA dekheM mohata tIna bhauna // - pArzvapurANa, padya 16, pRSTha 15 / (kha) sukha nIMda racI taba sacI tAsa / mAyAmaya rAkhyau putra pAsa // kara kamalana bAlaka ratana liin| jina koTi bhAnu chabi chIna kIna // - vahI, padya 34, pRSTha 67 / 5. 'savaiyA' kI bhAMti yaha chanda adhika kaviyoM ko priya nahIM rhaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'zata aSTottarI' meM isako vizeSataH apanAyA hai / usameM sthala-sthala para 'kavitta' chanda AyA hai / usameM varNika aura mAtrika donoM prakAra ke kavitta chanda kA samAhAra hai / Age 'paddharI' chanda draSTavya hai / paddharI isa chanda kI yojanA 'bhadrabAhu caritra', 'labdhi vidhAna vratakathA', 'pArzvapurANa', 'cetana karma caritra' Adi kRtiyoM meM huI hai; kintu isakI bahulatA milatI hai 'pArzvapurANa' meM / usameM eka sthala para eka saMga 38 chanda sa~jo diye gaye haiM / prasaMgAnukUla kavi ke abhISTa bhAva isa chanda meM bhalI prakAra mukharita hue haiM / " kauna ke kAraNa jAU~ ghare sampati lehu baTori sabai pyArI priyA hita zUra suno

Page #306
bhASA-zailI 315 ghattA ___ 'paddharI' chanda kA prayoga jaise kama kAvyoM meM huA hai, vaise hI 'ghattA' kA prayoga bhI virala hai / 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM eka sthala para isakA sundara vidhAna milatA hai / vahA~ yaha soraThA ke uparAnta AyA hai aura kathAvastu ko ekadama Age bar3hAne meM samartha huA hai : mana rAjA mana cakri hai, mana sabako siradAra / mana soM bar3o na dUsaro, dekhyo ihi saMsAra / mana teM sabako jAniye, jIva jitai jagamAhiM / mana teM karma rUpAiye, mana sarabhara kou nAhiM // anya chanda - prabandhakAvyoM ke anya chandoM maiM aDilla, chappaya, gItikA, ghanAkSarI, jogIrAsA, soraThA, gItA, cAmara, bar3adohA, rolA, kariravA, carcarI, manaharaNa, bhujaMgI, haragIta, kuMDaliyA, nArAca, somavatI, cakora, dumilA 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 112-13, pRSTha 246 / 2. jyoM jyoM bhoga saMjoga manohara, manavAMchita jana paavai| tisanA nAgina tyoM tyoM DaMke, lahara jahara kI Avai / -pArzvapurANa, padya 63, pRSTha 34 / 3. khelata hI upavana kai mAMhi bahuta sahelI sNgaa| lakhi ke tAko rUpa anUpama devani ko so aNgaa|| -jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 150, pRSTha 33 / 1. tAsa gajarAja ke daMta phuni daMta kari, tori ke kari dIyau bala vihiinii| sUDi karike bahuri sUDi ari gajatanI, tori ke bhUmi gaja DAri dInau / __-varAMga carita, padya 155, pRSTha 48 / 5. taba bAna ke ghAta keI vidAre / kahaM kUra bAnI mano saila mAre / par3o agra jo vIratAko pachArai / tabai jAya ke tAhi so vegi mArai / / -jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 76, pRSTha 15 /

Page #307
316 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana (durmila), troTaka, kAvya chanda, plavaMgama, varavIra, mahAbhujaMga prayAta, mattagayaMda, pAvaka, daMDaka' marahaThA, kulaka, lIlAvatI, sundarI, AryA Adi ullekhanIya haiM / kucha kAvyoM meM yathAprasaMga inakA cayana huA hai| ____kahanA cAhie ki Alocya kaviyoM ne svatantratApUrvaka chandoM ko cunA hai / bhAva, rasa, prasaMga Adi ke anukUla jisa kavi ko jo chanda rucA, usI kA vyavahAra kara liyA gayA hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki soraThA aura dohA chanda yuddha-varNana ke lie upayukta nahIM hai, para kuzala kavi unheM bhI isa yogya banA sakatA hai, jaisA ki 'cetana karma caritra' meM dekhA jAtA hai| phira bhI yaha asvIkArA nahIM jA sakatA ki chandoM kI apanI eka prakRti hotI hai / udAharaNa ke lie, 'savaiyA' chanda zRgAra aura karuNa rasa kI abhivyakti ke 1. kiteka saSAna saMga meM, sugaMdha lAya aMga meM, gumAna kI taraMga meM, * susAra gIta gAvate / kiteka nRtya cAvasoM kareM, suhAva bhAva soM dhareM, supAva dAva soM kareM, suhAtha ko phirAvate // kiteka suvAma sAtha lai, suvIna Apa hAtha lai, mRdaMga sAra vAtha lai, sutAla teM bajAvate / suraMga raMga lAya kaiM, abIra ko lagAi ke, gulAla koM ur3AI ke, pramoda kU bar3hAvate / / -jIvaMdhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 24, pRSTha 43 / bajahiM raNa tUre, dala bahu pUre, cetana guNa gAvaMta / sUrA tana jaggo, kou na bhaggo, aridala pe dhAvaMta // . aise saba sUre, jJAna aMkUre, Aye sanmukha jeha / ApAbala maMDe, aridala khaMDe, puruSatvana ke geha // -cetana karma caritra, padya, 105, pRSTha 65 / (ka) ropi mahA raNa thaMbha, cetana dharma sudhyAna ko| dekhata lagahi acaMbha, manahiM mohakI phauja ko // (kha) doU dala sanmukha bhaye, macyo mahA saMgrAma / ita cetana yodhA balI, utai moha napa nAma // -cetana karma caritra, padya 153-54, pRSTha 70 /

Page #308
bhASA-zailI 317 ke lie adhika upayukta hotA hai aura Alocya kAvyoM meM adhikAMza sthaloM para isI rUpa meM usakA vyavahAra huA hai| isI prakAra karikhA' kA prayoga raudra aura vIra rasa kI abhivyakti meM adhika sakSama huA hai, jaise- 'varAMga carita' aura 'cetana karma caritra" meM, kintu isake viparIta isI chanda kA prayoga 'nemIzvara rAsa' meM upadezAdi ke prasaMga meM kiyA gayA hai, jo ati sAmAnya rUpa meM abhISTa bhAvoM ko vyakta karatA hai| dUsarI ora, usI kAvya (nemIzvara rAsa) kI prAyaH samasta DhAloM (1010 DhAloM) meM sabhI bhAva-rasoM kI kuzala abhivyaMjanA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki chandoM kA zailI ke nirmANa meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai| chanda kI yojanA meM svataMtratA baratI gayI hai| kucha kAvya sargabaddha nahIM haiM / jo sargabaddha haiM, unameM yA unake sargoM meM eka hI chanda rakhane kI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM hai| sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana kA vidhAna kahIM milatA hai aura kahIM nahIM / adhikatara sthaloM para bhAva-rasa aura kathAvastu ke mor3oM ke anukUla badalate hue chanda prayukta hue haiM / adhikAMza kaviyoM ko 'cAla' chanda ne adhika vimohita kara sthala-sthala para apane vyavahAra ke lie jaise unheM vivaza kara diyA hai| isI prakAra lokasaMgIta se AkRSTa hone vAle kavi 'DhAloM' ko apane kAvyoM meM sthAna denA nahIM bhUle haiN| zailI vivecya kAvyoM kI bhASA para vicAra kara lene ke pazcAt unakI zailI para bhI dRSTi DAlanI cAhie kyoMki bhASA-zailI, donoM eka-dUsare kI pUraka haiM / bhASA kA sambandha jahAM bhAvoM kI abhivyakti se hai, vahA~ zailI kA sambandha abhivyakti ke prakAra se hai / yahA~ zailI ke antargata Alocya prabandhoM meM prayukta zailiyAM pramukhataH vicAraNIya haiN| 1. haMsa kI phauja te bAna ghamasAna ke gAjate bAjate cale gaaddh'e| mohakI phauja ko mAri lalakAri kari heyopAdeya ke bhAva kaaddh'e|| -cetana karma caritra, padya 158, pRSTha 71 / 2. nemIzvara rAsa, padya 1177-1180, pRSTha 66 /

Page #309
318 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana Alocya prabandhakAvya aura zailiyA~ ____ Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM jina aneka zailiyoM ko apanAyA gayA hai, unameM itivRtta, upadeza, saMvAda yA praznottara, niSedha, vyaMgya yA bhartsanA, saMbodhana, prabodhana, mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtIkaraNa, gIta yA pragIta, saTeka gIta Adi zailiyA~ pramukha haiN| itivRtta-zailI isameM kavi kI dRSTi itivRtta-nirUpaNa kI ora adhika rahatI hai / 'pArzvapurANa', 'varddhamAna purANa', 'varAMga carita', 'jinadatta carita', 'bakacorakI kathA', 'darzana kathA', 'bhadrabAhu caritra', 'labdhi vidhAna vratakathA', 'zAntinAtha purANa', 'dhanyakumAra caritra' prabhRti kAvyoM meM adhika sthaloM para itivRttAtmaka zailI kA vyavahAra huA hai| ina prabandhoM meM jahA~ kahIM isa zailI kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, vahA~ prasaMga-vistAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| pariNAmataH aise sthaloM para rasAtmakatA gauNa hokara korI itivRttAtmakatA ubhara AyI hai| upadeza-zailI hamAre kAvyoM meM aisA koI kAvya nahIM hai, jisameM isa zailI kA kahIM na kahIM prayoga na huA ho| kahIM upadeza kI bAta do-cAra paMktiyoM meM samApta ho gayI hai, kahIM usane vistAra cAhA hai| prAya: yaha zailI sIdhI aura (ka) darzana kathA, padya 60 se 77, pRSTha 9-10 / (kha) varddhamAna purANa, padya 82 se 120, pRSTha 66-103 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 130 se 208, pRSTha 37-42 / 3. 'zataaSTottarI' kAvya ke adhikAMza sthala / durajana para duSa deSi ke, mana malIna mukha lAla / jyoM triya para ghara jAyake, jhUThe pITata gAla // -dharma parIkSA, padya 428, pRSTha 27 / 5. sItA carita, padya 2022 se 2058, pRSTha 115 se 117 /

Page #310
bhASA-zailI 316 sarala zailI hai| isameM camatkAra aura AkarSaNa kI khoja karanA vyartha hai|' upadeza-kathana jahA~ lambe haiM, vahA~ yaha zailI nIrasa ho uThI hai / isa zailI kA anuzIlana nIti-vAkyoM meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura dhArmika upadezoM meM bhI; kintu adhikAMza sthaloM para donoM hI ghula-mila gaye haiM, jaise : jima koI kari kapaTI mita / cAhai jar3amati bhayau naciMta // jyoM hiMsaka mata dhAri khala hoi / cAhe sugati su kaise hoi|| taiseM maMtrI adhama ayAna / liyo rAja taji dharma vidhAna // svAmi droha so aura na pApa / pApI lahai naraka saMtApa / / dArzanika tattvoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI prAyaH yahI zailI pramukha rahI hai, kintu darzana kI bhUmikA meM kahIM-kahIM durUha ho gayI hai| saMvAda yA praznottarI zailI yoM to katipaya sthaloM para isa zailI kA vyavahAra prAyaH sabhI prabandhakAvyoM meM huA hai; parantu 'nemi-rAjula bArahamAsa saMvAda', 'cetana karma caritra', 'sItA carita', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'paMcendriyasaMvAda' kAvya isa dRSTi se vizeSa kahe jA sakate haiN| inakI kathAvastu kA vikAsa bhI isI zailI meM hI adhika huA dikhAyI detA hai| 'pArzvapurANa' meM bhI kucha sthaloM para isa zailI kA sundara prayoga huA hai, jaise : mAtA mUrakha kauna mahaMta / viSayI jIva jagata jAvaMta // kauna satpuruSa narabhava dhAra / jo sAdhaM puruSAratha cAra // 1. AyuhIna nara koM jathA, auSadhi laga na lesa / tyoM hI rAgI puruSa prati, vRthA dharama upadesa // -pArzvapurANa, padya 114, pRSTha 14 / 3. jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 44-45, pRSTha 3-4 / 3. bhadrabAhu caritra, padya 97 se 116, pRSTha 50-52 /

Page #311
320 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kauna kApuruSa kahiye marma / jo saTha sAdhana jAne dharma / dhanya kauna nara isa saMsAra / jobana samai dharai vrata sAra // yahA~ isa zailI kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki eka-eka pakti meM hI prazna aura uttara donoM pUrNa ho gaye haiN| praznottara kI yaha vidhi camatkAramayI na hokara prasAdamayI hai| kahIM saMvAdoM meM vicArottejakatA aura ojaguNasampannatA jhalakatI hai, yathA : rAvaNa bolyau muSa thakI, suni ho lachimana nIca / maiM laDyau vibhISaNa the sahI, tU kyoM Ayau bIca // aura vIra lakSmaNa bhI isakA kaisA muha tor3a uttara dete haiM : nIca puriSa vaha jAniye, lar3e na Aya samAna / so kumatI mati hIna nara, kara Apa pada hAna // 3 kahIM-kahIM isa zailI ke antargata saMvAda-kathana prAyaH vistRta kalevara vAle haiM; aise sthaloM para isa zailI kA kalAtmaka saundarya hrAsonmukhI hai|' niSedha-zailI ___adhikAMza kRtiyoM meM isa zailI kA vidhAna milatA hai| svIkArAtmaka jIvana-mUlya jIvana meM DhAlane ke lie hote haiM aura niSedhAtmaka jIvana-mUlya parityAga karane ke lie| isa zailI ke eka-do citra draSTavya haiM : chatI vastu soM rati nahiM karai / ara achatI kI cAha na dhrai| 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 156-60, pRSTha 62 / 2. sItA carita, padya 1487, pRSTha 82 / 3. . vahI, padya 1488, pRSTha 62 / 4. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 46-53, pRSTha 242-243 / 5. jIvaMdhara carita (daulatarAma), padya 57, pRSTha 4 /

Page #312
bhASA-zailI 321 isI prakAramAyA mithyA agra zauca mana bhAI re, tInoM salya nivAra, ceta mana bhAI re, krodha mAna mAyA tajo mana bhAI re, lobha sabai parityAga, ceta mana bhAI re / ' yahA~ niSedha-zailI meM mAyA, mithyA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi ke parityAga kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI cetana ko jAgaraNa kI bhUmi para utarane ko bodhita bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa sthala para niSedha aura prabodhana, donoM zailiyA~ ekAkAra ho gayI haiN| prabodhana zailI niSedha-zailI se milatA-julatA rUpa prabodhana-zailI kA hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki niSedha meM jahAM tyAjya kA bhAva pradhAna rahatA hai, vahA~ prabodhana meM tyAjya aura grAhya donoM kaa| isa zailI meM prabodhya ke prati prabodhaka ke hRdaya kI komalatA evaM udAttatA kI bhAvanA kI jhalaka milatI hai| isakA sarvAdhika prayoga 'zata aSTottarI' kAvya meM huA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiyekahA~ kahA~ kauna saMga lAge hI phirata lAla, ___ Avo kyoM na Aja tuma jJAna ke mahala meM / nekahU biloki dekho antara sudRSTi setI, kaisI kaisI nIka nAri ThAr3I haiM Tahala meM / / ekana teM eka banI suMdara surUpa ghanI, upamA na jAya ganI bAma kI cahala meM / aisI vidhi pAya kahUM bhUli aura kAja kIja, __ etau kahyau mAna lIjai vInatI sahala meM // ' 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 234, pRSTha 78 / ... .zata aSTottarI, padya 27, pRSTha 15 /

Page #313
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA - prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana yahA~ subuddhi rAnI cetana rAjA ko vinamratApUrvaka jJAna aura adhyAtma ke pradeza meM Ane kA nivedana kara rahI hai / vaha prema-saMbalita vANI kA prayoga kara sAMsArika bhogoM meM bhaTakate hue apane priyatama ko supatha para le AnA cAhatI hai | prabodhanAtmaka zailI kA yaha uttama udAharaNa hai / 322 vyaMgya yA bhartsanA zailI yaha prabodhana-zailI se bhinna aura viparIta zailI hai / 'dharma parIkSA', 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'yazodhara carita', 'sItA carita', 'bhadrabAhu carita', 'cetanakarma caritra,' 'zata -aSTottarI' Adi kAvyoM meM isakA aneka sthaloM para vyavahAra huA hai / udAharaNa draSTavya hai : caurAsI lakha svAMga meM, ko nAcata ho nAca | vA dina pauruSa kita gayA, mohi kaho tuma sA~ca // yaha vyaMgya zailI kA namUnA hai / isa zailI kA Azraya lekara kavi ne abhISTa bhAva ko abhivyakta kara diyA hai / kucha kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM vyaMgya bahuta karArA aura tIkhA aura kahIM AkrAmaka ho gayA hai / ' itanA hI nahIM, kahIM yaha bhartsanA kI zra eNI taka pahu~ca gayA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki antahi kita rahe, so tuma karahu vicAra / aba tuma meM kUbata bhaI, laribe ko taiyAra // 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 113-14, pRSTha 66 / (ka) Ayu saMyoga bace kahUM jIvata logani kI taba dRSTi lase ho / Aju bhaye tuma jIvana ke basa bhUli gaye kitateM nikase ho // -zata aSTottarI, padya 32, pRSTha 15 / 2. 4. (kha) arI pApinI raMDikA aiso bola na bola / -dharma parIkSA, padya 865, pRSTha 45 / sItA carita, padya 1854 57, pRSTha 104 / A~kha kahai re kAna tU, isyo kareM ahaMkAra / mailani kara dho rahai, lArja nahIM lagAra // bhalI burI sunatI rahe, tore turata saneha / to sama duSTa na dUsaro, dhArI aisI deha // -paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 46-47, pRSTha 242-43 /

Page #314
bhASA-zailI 323 vyaMgya yA bhartsanA-zailI hamAre kAvyoM meM aneka rUpoM meM prazasta hai| Age 'saMbodhana-zailI' para aaiye| saMbodhana zailI prastuta zailI kA Azraya 'zIla kathA', 'rAjula paccIsI', 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa) prabhRti kAvyoM ke bhAvAtmaka prasaMgoM meM adhika liyA gayA hai / 'zIla kathA' meM jaba pati kI anupasthiti meM manoramA ke caritra para lAMchana lagAkara zvasura ke ghara se sArathI dvArA nirvAsita karA diyA jAtA hai aura jaba use apanI mA~ ke yahA~ bhI Azraya nahIM milatA, taba bhayaMkara vana meM DolatI huI manoramA ke vilApa meM kavi ne isa zailI kA saphalatApUrvaka upayoga kiyA hai| isI prakAra 'nemicandrikA' meM neminAtha ke saMsAra-tyAga ke avasara para unake pIche-pIche calatI huI rAjula kI vAgdhArA meM isI zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| e tuma sunahu na nemi kumAra, bacana suna lIjiye ho / e koI kahiyo jAya samajhAya, bichohA na kIjie ho / ' __ vastuta: yaha zailI hRdaya se tAdAtmya sthApita karane vAlI spaSTa aura prasatra zailI hai / isameM karuNa-madhura bhAvAbhivyakti ke kAraNa sahajataH, ramyatA aura sarasatA kA sanniveza hai / aba 'mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtIkaraNa-zailI' draSTavya hai| mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtIkaraNa zailI mAnavetara ko mAnava yA amUrta ko mUrta rUpa meM citrita karane vAlI zailI 1. hA tAta kahA tuma kIno / mero nyAya nibera na lIno / hA mAta udara te dhArI / mokoM nava mAsa mjhaarii|| -zIla kathA, pRSTha 37 / 2. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 18-19 /

Page #315
324 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtIkaraNa zailI kahalAtI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'zataaSTottarI', 'cetanakarma caritra', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' kAvyoM meM isI zailI kA aMcala pakar3A hai| ukta kAvyoM meM se prathama do meM cetana (AtmA) ko rAjA aura subuddhi evaM kubuddhi ko usakI rAniyoM kA rUpa diyA gayA hai / 'cetana karmacaritra' meM jJAna, viveka, dAna, zIla, tapa, saMyama, moha, rAga, dveSa, kAma, lobha Adi ko bhI jIte-jAgate, saMgharSa karate, lar3ate-girate rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kavi kI yaha zailI Atma-cetanA kI zailI hai / arUpa kA rUpa-vidhAna karane vAlI yaha zailI vastutaH bar3I mArmika hai / dekhiye : sunike sIkha subuddhi kI, cetana pakarI mauna / uThI kubuddhi risAyake, iha kulakSayanI kauna / / maiM beTI hU~ moha kI, byAhI cetanarAya / kahI nAri yaha kauna hai, rAkhI kahAM lukAya / / taba cetana haMsa yoM kahai, aba tosoM nahiM neha / mana lAgyo yA nAri soM ati subuddhi guNa geha / ' isI prakAra 'paMcendriya saMvAda' meM nAka, kAna, A~kha, rasanA, mana Adi ko bolatI huI avasthA meM citrita kiyA hai| unake zIla-nirUpaNa meM kavi kI dRSTi bhautika sImAoM ko lAMghakara AdhyAtmika spandanoM meM ramI hai|' Age 'gIta zailI' dekhie / gIta zailI katipaya prabandhoM ke prAyaH bhAvAtmaka sthaloM para gIta zailI vyavahRta huI hai / kucha prabandha to prAyaH gIta zailI meM hI racita haiN| yathA--'rAjula 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 9-11, pRSTha 56 / 2. mana indrI saMgati kiye re, jIva parai jaga joya / viSayana kI icchA bar3he re, kaiseM zivapura hoya ||praannii0|| indrina teM mana mAriye re, joriye Atama mAhiM / toriye nAto rAga soM re, phoriye bala zyoM thAhiM ||praannii0|| --paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 133-34, pRSTha 150-151 /

Page #316
bhASA-zailI 325 paccIsI', 'zrINika carita' 'neminAtha maMgala' 'nemIzvara rAsa' Adi / anya prabandhakAvyoM meM bhI isa zailI kA prayoga huA hai / kucha vizeSa prasaMgoM ke atirikta prAyaH stutiparaka sthaloM para to isa zailI kA adhikAMzataH Azraya liyA gayA hai| isa zailI ke antargata rasodreka, bhAva kI talasparzitA evaM atizaya sarasatA kA saMcAra hai : arI Rtu basaMta kI AI hA~ ! arI phUla rahI banarAI hA~ ! arI saba Sele phAguna horI hA~ ! arI satabhAmA rukamani gorI hA~ ! kucheka sthaloM para aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo isa zailI ke nikaTa haiM, jaise : kitIka tiyA umaMga teM, sugandha lepa aMga te, calI saSIna saMga teM, pramoda kauM bar3hAya ke| kitIka nAri gAvatI, saSIna kauM bulAvatI, prasUna kauM sughAvatI, su prIti kI upAya ke // ' saTeka gIta zailI gIta zailI kI bhA~ti saTeka gIta zailI kI bhI pramukha vizeSatA usakI saMgItAtmakatA arthAt geyatA hai / isa zailI meM kahIM zAstrIya saMgIta aura kahIM dezI saMgIta gUja rahA hai / yahA~ rAga aura tAla ke vidhAna meM chandavidhAna bhI sajaga ho uThA hai / isameM rAga-rAginiyoM kI geyatA ke anurUpa eka vizeSa krama meM 'Teka' kI yojanA bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| prastuta zailI bahuta thor3e prabandhakAvyoM meM prayukta huI hai aura vaha bhI bahuta thor3e sthaloM pr| kevala 'nemIzvara rAsa' hI eka aisA kAvya hai, jisameM Adi se anta taka isa zailI kA prayoga huA hai| vahA~ 'rAsa bhaNoM 1. varddhamAna purANa, padya 166, pRSTha 166 / neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 2 / 3. jIvandhara carita (nathamala bilAlA), padya 63, pRSTha 110 /

Page #317
326 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zrI nemi ko' kI Teka thor3e se padyoM ko chor3akara lagabhaga sampUrNa kAvya meM pratyeka do paMktiyoM ke pazcAt rakhI gayI hai / 'nemicandrikA' (AsakaraNa), 'paMcendriya saMvAda', 'cetana karma caritra', 'zroNika carita', 'sItA carita' meM bhI saTeka gIta zailI ke sthala mila jAte haiM / eka udAharaNa sAmane hai : prANI Atama dharama anUpa re, jaga meM pragaTa vidrUpa ||praannii0||ttek|| indrina kI saMgata kiye re, jIva parai jaga mAhiM // janma marana bahu dukha sahe re, kabahU chUTe nAhiM ||praannii0||' Upara prabandhakAvyoM kI zailiyoM ke sambandha meM saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unameM uparyukta zailiyoM ke atirikta aura zailiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| sabhI zailiyoM ke mUla meM bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI vividhatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / bhAva-rasa ke anukUla zailiyAM badalatI rahI haiM / jaba yahI Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai ki eka kavi aneka zailiyoM kA prayoga kare, taba aneka kavi aneka zailiyoM kA Azrama leM to yaha svAbhAvika hai| zailiyoM kI navInatA meM paramparAgata vicAradhArA bhI sadya ho jAyA karatI hai / astu, niSkarSa Upara Alocya kAvyoM kI bhASA-zailI ke saMdarbha meM jo vivecanA kI gayI hai, usakA sAra yaha hai ki sabhI kAvya mUlataH brajabhASA meM likhe gaye haiN| thor3e kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM braja-samIpavartI bhASA-boliyoM ke prabhAva kI halkI chAyA par3a gayI hai / kucha kAvyoM meM brajabhASA sAhityikatA ko lekara utarI hai| kucha meM vaha aneka sthaloM para vyavahAra kI bhASA bana gayI hai aura vahA~ loka-tattva ubhara uThA hai / sabhI kRtiyoM meM bhAva ke anukUla bhASA ne aneka rUpa liye aura badale haiN| unameM se adhikAMza meM alaMkAroM ko balapUrvaka nahIM lAyA gayA hai| vividha prasaMgoM para vividha zailiyoM kA unameM vyavahAra huA hai / adhikAMza chandoM meM saMgItAtmakatA ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai / 'DhAloM' kA bahula prayoga isakA pramANa hai| 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 125, pRSTha 250 /

Page #318
adhyAya 7 naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva

Page #319
naitika, dhArmika evaM dAzanika paripAva kAvya Ananda kI sRSTi ke lie nIti, dharma athavA darzana ko nirUpita nahIM karatA, kintu usakI vyApaka paridhi ke bhItara se ye eka saundaryapUrNa AveSTana meM Avata hokara svataH hI jhA~kA karate haiN| kAvya manuSyatA kI ucca bhUmi kA smAraka stambha hai| manuSyatA kI ucca bhUmi naitika evaM dhArmika AdarzoM se asampRkta nahIM rahatI, sAtha hI vaha dArzanika sparza bhI cAhatI hai| hama yaha dekhate haiM ki hamAre adhikAMza Alocya kAvyoM meM dhArmika jagat ubharA huA hai, kucha meM kahIM-kahIM nIti-uktiyA~ bikharI huI haiM aura kucha meM dArzanikatA kA puTa hai| ataeva unakA naitika, dhArmika aura dArzanika paripArzva dekhane ke lie prastuta adhyAya ko tIna upazIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-1. nIti, 2. dharma aura 3. darzana / 1. nIti nIti aura dharma, donoM kI pRthak sattA nahIM hai / donoM kA sambandha mAnava aura mAnavIya hita se hai| 'sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para dharma aura nIti meM koI vAstavika antara nahIM hai, kintu sthUla dRSTi se donoM meM bheda kI pratIti hotI hai| bheda-dRSTi se nIti kA kSetra sva-hita-cintanA hai aura dharma kA loka-hita-cintanA / nIti ke samakSa vyakti kA aihikta sukha rahatA hai jo apanI paridhi meM AcaraNa ke kevala vyAvahArika pakSa ko rakhatA hai, parantu dharma kI dRSTi AcaraNa ke pAramArthika pakSa para lagI rahatI hai / 2 . paM0 rAmacandra zukla : cintAmaNi (bhAga-1), pRSTha 160 / 2. DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa': hindI sAhitya para saMskRta sAhitya kA prabhAva, pRSTha 212 /

Page #320
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 326 kahanA cAhie ki 'jo sva-hita- cintanA nIti kSetra meM vyaSTi - bindu se prArambha hotI hai, vaha dharma kSetra meM samaSTi kI vyApti bana jAtI hai / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki nIti kI svIyatA dharma meM bhI milI rahatI hai, para dharma meM usakI vizAlatA vyApakatva prApta kara letI hai / 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' meM usakI abhivyakti hai / naitika svIyatA kA nimnatama stara vyakti hai / vyaktitva kI vikasita dazA meM 'svIyatA' kA kSetra bhI phaila jAtA 1 vyaktitva-saMkoca ke hrAsa ke sAtha-sAtha 'svIyatA' meM dharma vikasita hotA calA jAtA hai / 'sva' virAT bana jAtA hai aura pUrNAMga dharma vasudhA ke parivAra meM nivAsa karane lagatA hai / ataH dharma ke vRtta kA kendra vyakti aura paridhi samaSTi hai, athavA yoM kahiye ki AcaraNa ke dudhAre ke do pahalU haiMeka vyAvahArika hai, jise nIti kahate haiM aura dUsarA pAramArthika, jisakA nAma dharma hai / ' 'dharma aura nIti kA saMzleSaNa itanA ghaniSTha hai ki donoM ke madhya meM koI antara rekhA nahIM khiMca sakatI / isI kAraNa sAhitya meM dharma aura nIti kA milAjulA rUpa dekhane meM AtA hai" nIti bhUta ke khare anubhavoM kA vaha sAra evaM dAya bhAga hai, jo vartamAna aura bhAvI jIvana kA patha prazasta karatI hai / vaha vyakti aura samAja kI saphalatA kI bhUmikA hai / naitika mUlyoM kI upalabdhi kI dRSTi se pArzvapurANa', 'baMkacora kI kathA', 'zataaSTottarI', 'cetana karma caritra', 'yazodhara carita', 'nemIzvara rAsa', 'sItA carita', 'zIlakathA', 'paMcendriya saMvAda' Adi ullekhanIya racanAe~ haiM / inameM Akalita nItiyoM ko do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, jinheM ( 1 ) sAmAnya nIti aura ( 2 ) rAjyanIti ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnya nIti isa zIrSaka ke antargata manuSya ke sAmAnya jIvana se sambandhita nItiyoM DaoN0 saranAmasiMha zarmA 'aruNa' : hindI sAhitya para saMskRta sAhitya kA prabhAva, pRSTha 212 / 1. vahI, pRSTha 212 / ?.

Page #321
330 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kA avalokana kiyA jaayegaa| manuSya kA sAmAnya jIvana 'sva' se lekara 'para' taka phailA huA hai, jisameM vyaSTi aura samaSTi donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ina donoM pakSoM ke saMdarbha meM vividha AyAmoM ke antargata nIti manuSya ko jo mArga-darzana detI hai, vahI hamAre adhyayana kA viSaya hai aura yahA~ usI para vicAra karanA hai| isa prasaMga meM sajjana, durjana, nArI, balavAn, kSamAzIla, moha, tRSNA, mana, zarIra, lakSmI, udyama, bhAgya, saMgati Adi ke sambandha meM kahI gayI nItyuktiyoM ko liyA jaayegaa| sajjana thor3e se prabandhoM, vizeSakara 'pArzvapurANa' meM sajjana-durjana kI stutinindAparaka nItiyoM kA vidhAna milatA hai / sajjana sadA zAnta svabhAvI hotA hai / vaha parahita ko apanA dharma samajhatA hai, apane prANoM kA rasa gholakara dUsaroM ko sudhApAna karAtA hai| vaha usa pIyUSavarSI megha ke samAna hai, jo apane prANoM se para-prANoM ko poSita karatA hai| usakI cAla sadaiva haMsa ke samAna hotI hai, sarpa ke samAna vakra nhiiN|' ___ sajjana duSTa puruSoM dvArA satAyA jAtA hai, kintu isase usake sarala svabhAva meM koI antara nahIM AtA, apitu usakA saujanya aura bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai, jaise kSAra ke saMyoga se darpaNa aura adhika dyutimAna ho uThatA hai|' paramparA yahI hai ki vaha apakAra ke badale upakAra karatA hai| jaise candana ko kuThAra-mukha se kATe jAne para bhI vaha surabhi phailAtA hai, vaise hI sajjana bhI durjana dvArA satAyA jAne para upakAra-bhAva ko nahIM chor3atA : sajjana Tare na Teva soM, jo durjana dukha deya / caMdana kaTata kuThAra mukha, avasi suvAsa kareya // 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 57, pRSTha 8 / durjana dUkhita saMta kau, sarala subhAva na jAya / darpaNa kI chavi chAra soM, adhikahi ujjala thAya // -pArzvapurANa, padya 106, pRSTha 13 / 3. vahI, padya 107, pRSTha 14 /

Page #322
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAva urjana pApa-buddhi, duSTa prakRti aura bhraSTAcaraNa vAlA durjana hotA hai| usakI krUratA, kuTilatA aura bhayAnaka AkRti ke kAraNa use dekhane se bhI hRdaya meM bhaya evaM glAni kA bhAva udita hotA hai / durjana tathA zleSmA kI prakRti samAna hai, unheM bhoga ke lie jyoM-jyoM madhura diyA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM unakI kopAgni bar3hatI jAtI hai| jaise, viSadhara ko dUdha pilAne se amRta kI prApti nahIM hotI, vaise hI durjana se prIti karane para sukha kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|' nArI nArI-viSayaka nItiyoM meM Alocya kaviyoM ne nArI ke vividha rUpoM para prakAza DAlA hai| zIla-vihInA nArI unakI dRSTi meM niMdya rahI hai aura zIlavatI nArI unakI prazaMsA kA bhAjana banI hai| zIlavatI __ zIlavatI nArI vareNya hai| vaha nArI jAti meM ziromaNi hai / zIlaratna-vibhUSitA nArI hI jIvana aura jagat meM sukha kI varSA karatI hai / aisI nArI dhanya hai, usakA jIvana dhanya hai : ve dhanya triyA jaga mAhIM / je zIlavatI sukhadAhIM // unako dhana jIvana jAnau / jina zIla jagata pragaTAnI / / 1. durjana aura salekhamA, ye samAna jaga mAhi / jyoM-jyoM madhuro dIjiye, tyoM-tyoM kopa karAhiM // -pArzvapurANa, padya 111, pRSTha 14 / 2. durjana jana ko prIti soM, kahI kaise sukha hoya / viSadhara poSi piyUSa kI, prApati sunI na koya // -vahI, padya 114, pRSTha 14 / 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 62 /

Page #323
332 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zIlavihInA yaha nArI kA vicitra evaM pravaMcita rUpa hai| zIla-rahita nArI ati caMcala aura avizvasanIya hotI hai / usakA caritra apAra hai, usakA rahasya koI paMDita hI jAna sakatA hai : nAri caritra vicitra apAra / jAne jo paMDita ko sAra // ' puNyavAn puNyavAn puruSa dharmAtmA hotA hai| usakA mahAn vyaktitva loka ke AkarSaNa kA kendra, usake kArya adbhuta, usakA vyavahAra madhuratama aura usakI vANI sudhAsama hotI hai| ina sabake mUla meM jo prabhAva hai, vaha puNyArthI kA puNya hai / puNyavAn jahA~ jAtA hai, vahIM sammAna pAtA hai| 'zIlakathA' kAvya meM kahA gayA hai : punyavaMta nara jahaM jahaM jAya / tahaM tahaM Adara hota bar3hAya // balavAn mAnava jIvana meM zakti ke mahattva ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai; zakti ke bala para hI rAjya calatA hai, zaktizAlI puruSa hI rAjya kA svAmI hotA jAko bala, tAhI ko raaj| yahI kAraNa hai ki balavAn se vaira mola lene meM sukha kadApi nahIM mila sktaa| nirbala balavAn se sadaiva hArA hai, astu apane duHkha ko apane hRdaya 5. yazodhara carita, padya 314 / 1. zIlakathA, pRSTha 14 / 3. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 8 /

Page #324
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva .. 333 meM chipAkara, apane azruoM ko apanI A~khoM meM pIkara balavAna ke sAmane pratikriyAtmaka yA vidrohAtmaka dRSTikoNa nahIM apanAnA caahie| kSamAzIla kSamAzIla puruSa saMsAra meM vareNya hai| jaise-jaise usake hRdaya meM kSamA kA bhAva bar3hatA jAtA hai, taise hI taise vaha adhikAdhika guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai : je SimAvAna puriSa jaga mAhiM / te pahareM bhUSaNa adhikAhiM // ' aMdhA jisake hRdaya meM jJAna ko jyoti nahIM jagamagAtI, vaha aMdhA hai| locanahIna puruSa aMdhA nahIM hai, aMdhA vaha hai jisake antarlocana banda haiN|' kAmI ___kAmI puruSa rAgAnurakta hotA hai| use zIladharmapAlana kA upadeza denA vyartha hai / vaha saceta karAne se saceta nahIM hotaa| vaha kAna hote hue bhI baharA aura netra hote hue bhI andhA hai| usakI vicAra-buddhi khone ke sAtha hI usa para pAgalapana chAyA rahatA hai / 1. yazodhara carita, padya 320 / locana hIne puruSa koM, aMdha na kahiye bhUla / ura locana jinake mude, te AMdhe nimUla // -pArzvapurANa, padya 64, pRSTha 82 / 3. vahI, padya 76, pRSTha 11 / .. sItA carita, padya 952, pRSTha 52 /

Page #325
334 moha moha-dazA manuSya ko pratipala vyathita kiye rahatI hai| mohodaya ke kAraNa hI ajJAnI jIva bhogoM ko priya aura hitakara mAnatA hai : jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana moha puruSa kA zaktizAlI zatru hai / mohalipta puruSa ke lie ghara kArAgRha hai, banitA ber3I aura parijana caukIdAra / tRSNA moha udaya yaha jIva agyAnI, bhoga bhale kara jAne / jyoM koI jana khAya dhaturo, so saba kaMcana mAne // moha kI bhAMti tRSNA bhI kaSTakara hai| tRSNA ke vizAla pariveza meM samasta saMsAra AvRta hai / vaha aisI pracaNDa jvAlA hai, jisakA IMdhana kabhI samApta nahIM hotA aura jise sAgara ke jala se nahIM bujhAyA jA sakatA / jaise dAbha-anI ke jala-binduoM se manuSya kI tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotI, vaise hI sampUrNa bhogya padArtha tRSNA kI tRpti ke lie aparyApta haiM / jo bhogoM se tRSNA ko zAnta karane kA vicAra karatA hai, vaha agni para ghI DAlatA hai / ' bhoga bhogane meM madhura aura pariNAma meM tIkSNa evaM kaTu hote haiM / jyoMjyoM bhoga bar3hate jAte haiM, tyoM-tyoM tRSNA bhI bar3hatI jAtI hai : 1. 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 64, pRSTha 28 / 2. * moha mahAripubaira vicArA, jaga jiya saMkaTa DAle / gharakArAgRha vanitA ber3I, parijana jana rakhavAle // - vahI, padya 67, pRSTha 34 / sItA carita, padya 2038, pRSTha 115 / 4. pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 115 / vahI, padya 63, pRSTha 34 / jyoM jyoM bhoga saMjoga manohara, manavAMchita jana pAve / tisanA nAgina jyoM jyoM DaMke, lahara jahara kI Ave ||

Page #326
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva mana ___ mana ko AdhArarUpa meM grahaNa kara vividha prakAra kI nItiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai : mana rAjA mana cakri hai, mana sabako siradAra / mana soM bar3o na dUsaro, dekhyo ihi saMsAra // aba mana kA azubha pakSa bhI dekhie : mana rAjA kahiye bar3o re, iMdrina ko siradAra / ATha pahara prerata rahai upajai kaI vikAra / / mana iMdri saMgati kiye re, jIva parai jaga joya / viSayana kI icchA bar3he re, kaise zivapura hoya // zarIra ___ mana adRzya hai aura zarIra dRzya / zarIra eka aisA nirAlA kheta hai jisameM boyA kucha jAtA hai kintu upajatA kucha hai / vaha paudgalika hai, anantAnanta kaSToM kA ghara hai aura nazvara hai| vaha nissAra, asthira, ghRNita aura apavitra hai; samudra kI vipula jalarAzi se bhI use pavitra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA: deha apAvana athira ghinAvana, yA meM sAra na koii| sAgara ke jala soM suci kIje, to bhI suci nahi hoI // " paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 112, pRSTha 246 / 2. vahI, padya 132.133, pRSTha 250 / 3. zataaSTottarI, padya 103, pRSTha 31 / 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 86, pRSTha 35 /

Page #327
336 3 3 6 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zarIra jo yauvana prApta karatA hai, vaha saMdhyA-belA ke kSaNika prakAza evaM jala ke asthira budabudoM kI bhAMti hai / lakSmI lakSmI svabhAvataH caMcala hai, usa para vizvAsa nahIM karanA caahie| vaha mAnava meM ahaM bhAva utpanna karake usase nabhamAraNa mUTha calavAtI hai / isase eka bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA / jaise tRSA se Atura mRga marubhUmi meM jhilamilAte hae bAlukA-kaNoM meM bhramavaza jalAzaya kI kalpanA kara krama-krama se Age hI daur3atA huA anta meM jala ke abhAva meM nirAzA aura duHkha se karAha uThatA hai, vaise hI lakSmI bhI manuSya ke mana-mRga ke liye marIcikA hai, nirAzA aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai / ' udyama udyama saMsAra meM zIrSa para hai / vaha manuSya kA dUsarA vidhAtA hai| vaha usake samasta duHkhoM kA vinAza karane vAlA hai / usake binA manuSya raMka ke samAna hai / jo puruSa lakSmIvAn hai, vaha bhI udyama ke binA jIvana-raNa meM hAra jAtA hai / lakSmI prakRti se caMcala hai, ataH usakA kyA vizvAsa ? dhanavAna ke ghara se jaba lakSmI palAyana kara jAtI hai, taba yadi vaha udyamI nahIM hai to vaha dara-dara kA bhikhArI bana jAtA hai| rojI-roTI kA colI-dAmana kA sAtha hai| jo dhanI manuSya rojagAra karanA jAnatA hai, vaha lakSmI ke cale jAne para bhI Ananda se peTa bhara kara gujArA kara sakatA hai| 1. sItA carita, padya 2027, pRSTha 115 / 1. vahI, padya 2447, pRSTha 116 / 1. zIla kathA, pRSTha 25 / 4. vahI, pRSTha 27 / 5. jo nara lachamIvAna hai, kara jAne rujagAra / lachamI jAya palAya to, udara bharai sukhakAra // -zIla kathA, pRSTha 27 /

Page #328
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva bhAgya manuSya kI bhAgya-lipi nahIM miTatI, cAhe sUrya pazcima dizA meM ugane lage, dharatI AsamAna meM ur3a jAye, acala sumeru avanI-tala meM calA jAye, prajvalita agni zItala svabhAva grahaNa kara le, zaila-zilA para kamala khilane lageM, pASANa-naukA jala meM tairane lage aura brahmANDa tAla meM samA jAye, to bhI vidhAtA kA likhA huA Tala nahIM sktaa|' saMgati saMgati apanA akSuNNa prabhAva chor3atI hai| susaMgati jIvana-nirmANa meM sahAyaka aura kusaMgati bAdhaka hai| uttama ke sAtha rahane se uttama, madhyama ke sAtha madhyama aura adhama ke sAtha adhama phala prApta hotA hai : tape tavA para Aya, svAti jala bUda binaTThI / kamala patra parasaMga, vahI motIsama diTThI // sAgara sIpa samIpa, bhayo muktAphala soI / saMgata ko parabhAva, pragaTa dekho saba koI / / yoM nIca saMga teM nIca phala, madhyama te madhyama shii| uttama saMjoga teM jIvako, uttama phala prApati kahI / rAjyanIti Alocya kAvyoM meM aise bahuta kama kAvya haiM, jahA~ rAjyanIti kA ullekha huA hai / jahA~ kahIM isakA ullekha huA hai, vahA~ bhI svalpa mAtrA meN| isa viSaya se sambandhita nItiyoM ke lie 'sItA carita,' 'pArzvapurANa, 'cetana karma caritra,' 'zIla kathA,' 'nemIzvara rAsa' Adi prabandhoM ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 87, pRSTha 27 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 123, pRSTha 15 /

Page #329
338 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana rAjya zAsana zakti kA hai| jisakA bala hai, usI kA rAjya hai| rAjya-samAja bhArI pApa aura vaira-vidvaSa Adi kA kAraNa hai : rAja samAja mahA agha kArana, vaira bar3hAvana hArA / rAjA, nyAya aura daNDa rAjA mUlataH karuNA kI mUrti aura dharmAtmA ho / jo rAjA karuNAvihIna hai, dharma-mArga se cyuta hai, vaha apane samUce vaMza kA vinAzaka hai| rAjA nyAya se suzobhita hotA hai / usakA nyAya haMsa ke nIra-kSIra viveka kI bhA~ti honA cAhie / nyAya ke kAraNa rAjA yadi apane putra ko bhI rAjya se niSkAsita kara de, to aisA rAjA parama nyAyI hai; usakA rAjya jagatItala meM aTala rahatA hai aura usakA yaza sAre saMsAra meM phailatA hai| jo aparAdhI daNDa-yogya hai, usa para karuNA karanA anucita hai / yadi rAjA aisA karatA hai to yaha nyAya rAjA ko zobhA nahIM detaa|' rAjya kA astitva zaktizAlI sainikoM, kuzala senAnAyakoM aura vIra evaM parAkramI rAjAoM para nirbhara karatA hai| zUravIroM se sambaddha nIti kathana bhI rAjanIti kI paridhi meM rakhe jA sakate haiN| Alocya kaviyoM ne zUravIra viSayaka nIti kI kucha bAteM kahI haiM, dekhiye : 1. nemicandrikA, pRSTha 4 / 2. pArzvapurANa, padya 66, pRSTha 34 / . nizi bhojana kathA, padya 48 / zIla kathA, pRSTha 65 / 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 88, pRSTha 12 /

Page #330
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAva 336 zUravIra vaha mahAsubhaTa, vIra aura dhIra hotA hai| dUsaroM ke prANoM kI rakSA karanA, unakI pIr3A ko dUra karanA unakA dharma hai / zUravIroM kI yaha rIti nahIM hai ki duzmana chAtI para car3ha Aye aura ve ghara meM muha chipAkara baiThe raheM / unakI hAra ho yA jIta, isakA vicAra na kara ve turanta raNa ke lie kamara kasa lete haiN|' subhaTa sadaiva hI raNotsAha se jhUmatA hai| vaha sadaiva hI zatra pakSa ko cunautI ke sAtha lalakAratA hai|' vIra yadi lar3ate-lar3ate yuddha-bhUmi meM apane prANoM kA utsarga karake vahIM dharAzAyI ho jAye, to vaha dhanya hai, isameM usakI koI nindA nahIM / prANa chUTane para use vIragati prApta hogI aura jIvita rahane para use jaya / zUra aura kAyara donoM ko hI mRtyu ko prApta honA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki zUra ko yaza aura kAyara ko apayaza milatA hai| kAyara kI strI kA bhI hatabhAgya hai ki usakI sabhI ha~sI ur3Ate haiM aura use anya subhaToM kI striyoM dvArA diyA gayA vyaMgya-viSa pInA par3atA hai| kAyara aura zUra ko eka hI bAra maranA hai, kintu kAyara ke vyavahAra se usakI patnI ghula-ghula kara apane prANoM ko vijita karatI hai : kAyara ara sUrA sahI, maraNo eka bAra / jhUri-bhUri mari jAhigI, kAyara nara kI nAra // 1. sUrana kI nahiM rIti, ari Aye ghara meM raheM / __ ke hAre ke jIti, jaisI ha taisI bane / -cetana karma caritra, padya 67, pRSTha 62 / 2. vahI, padya 15, pRSTha 56 / 3. sItA carita, padya 1414, pRSTha 77 / 4. vahI, padya 1413, pRSTha 77 / 5. vahI, padya 1415, pRSTha 77 /

Page #331
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana Upara nItiviSayaka sampUrNa vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki kucha samIkSya prabandhakAvyoM meM yatra-tatra nIti kathana kI paramparA kA nirvAha huA hai / kathA kI pRSThabhUmi meM nItiyA~ svataH hI sthAna pA gayI haiN| isa prakAra ina nItiyoM ke mAdhyama se prabandhakAvyoM ne apanI AtmA ke sAtha-sAtha lokavANI ko mukharita kiyA hai / nIti kathanoM meM prAyaH sarala zailI kA vyavahAra huA hai aura unameM kAvyatva surakSita rahA dikhAI detA hai / 2. dharma 340 Alocya prabandhakAra jaina kavi the, ataH unake kAvyoM meM jaina dhArmika tattvoM kI jhalaka mila jAnA svAbhAvika hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, unake prabandhoM ko dharma se pRthak karake dekhanA prAyaH kaThina hai / unameM zraddhA, bhakti, vizvAsa, kriyAkANDa Adi ke tattva kahIM kama aura kahIM adhika mAtrA meM ubhare hue parilakSita hote haiM / saMkSepa meM vivecya kRtiyoM kI dhArmika bhUmikA ke saMdarbha meM tIna bAteM sAmane AtI haiM-- zraddhA, vizvAsa aura kriyAkANDa | hama inhIM tInoM ko AdhAra mAnakara prabandhoM ke dhArmika paripArzva kA adhyayana kareMge / zraddhA zraddhA dharma kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| vaha mahattva kI AnandapUrNa svIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha pUjya buddhi kA saMcAra hai / " zraddhA vaha bhAva hai, jo zraddhAlu ke hRdaya meM zraddheya ke guNoM se abhibhUta hone para udita hotA hai / hamAre prabandhoM meM zraddhA ke pramukha Alambana haiM - arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, sarasvatI Adi / inameM prathama pA~ca - arhanta, siddha, AcArya, 1. - upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko paM0 rAmacandra zukla : cintAmaNi (pahalA bhAga), pRSTha 23 / vahI, pRSTha 17 /

Page #332
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 341 paMca parameSThI kahA gayA hai| jainoM ke pramukha maMtra 'NamokAra maMtra" meM bhI ina pA~coM kI vaMdanA kI gayI hai| ina pA~coM kA yazotkarSa evaM vaibhavotkarSa anirvacanIya hai| zraddhApUrita hRdaya se vaMdanA-rUpa meM ina pA~coM kA smaraNa karanA prAyaH pratyeka kavi ke lie abhISTa rahA hai kyoMki ye hI paMca parama guru haiN| inhIM kI sahAyatA se 'jinavANI' kI pahacAna sambhava hai| aura inhIM ke dvArA duHkhoM kA vizAla parvata kA bhaMjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| arhanta __ 'paMca parameSThI' meM sarva prathama arhanta vaMdya haiN| adhikAMza kAvyoM meM arhanta ko jina, jinendra, jineza, jinezvara, jinadeva, vItarAga, tIrthakara Adi aneka nAmoM kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / 'jina' kA artha hai-rAgadvaSAdi Atma-zatra oM ko jItane vaalaa| Atma-zatru oM ko naSTa karane vAlA arhanta kahalAtA hai, ataH jina aura arhanta meM koI bheda nahIM hai| donoM hI maMgala rUpa haiN|" __tIrthaMkara bhI arhanta kahalAte haiM / aneka prabandhoM meM unake 'atizaya' kI vaMdanA kA vidhAna hai| 'pArzvapurANa,' 'nemIzvara rAsa' Adi prabandhakAvyoM meM Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe sabba sAhUNaM / / paMca parama guru vaMdana karauM / karma kalaMka chinaka meM hrauN| -zIlakathA, pRSTha 1 / 3. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 1 / .. prathama deva arahaMta nami, prabhu mukha vAnI saar| -zreNika carita, padya 1, pRSTha 1 / zIla kathA, pRSTha 1 / (ka) pArzvapurANa, padya 1, pRSTha 107 / (kha) yazodhara carita, pRSTha 1 /

Page #333
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAvaM yahI bAta siddha ke prati zraddhA vyakta karate hue 'cetana karma caritra' kAvya meM bhI kahI gayI hai|' anya prabandhakAvyoM meM bhI ve baMdanIya rahe haiM / saMkaTa ke kSaNoM meM bhI unheM zIla-vibhUSita caritroM dvArA yAda kiyA gayA hai| Age zraddhA ke Alambana AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu kA svarUpa draSTavya hai / AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye tInoM hI vItarAgI aura gurupada ke dhAraka haiN| inake mUla svarUpa meM koI tAttvika antara parilakSita nahIM hotaa| gaMgA kA jala eka hI hai, jo tIna dhArAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, ina tInoM parameSThiyoM kA antaraMga, bAhma veSa, bAraha prakAra kA tapa, pA~ca prakAra kA mahAvrata-dhAraNa, teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA pAlana, samyagdarzanajJAna-caritrasvarUpa ratnatraya, krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA jItanA aura uttama kSamAdi daza dharmoM kA dhAraNa karanA Adi samAna haiN|' ___ jo mahA saMyamI sAdhu dUsare muniyoM ko darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya-ina pAMcoM AdhAroM kA AcaraNa karAtA hai, vaha AcArya kahalAtA hai| jo gurujana zAstroM kA adhyayana karAte haiM tathA ziSyoM ko unakA adhyayana karAte haiM, ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiM / ' AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA jo svarUpa hai, vahI lagabhaga sAdhu kA hai, ataH tInoM hI guru rUpa meM samAna rUpa se pUjya haiN| 1. cetana karma caritra, padya 284, pRSTha 83 / 2. zIlakathA, pRSTha 76 / 1. dekhie-paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 636 kA bhAvAnuvAda, jaina dharmAmRta, : paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, pRSTha 82-83 / 5. dekhie-vahI, 21645 kA bhAvAnuvAda, vahI, pRSTha 83 / 5. dekhie-vahI, 20656 kA bhAvanAnuvAda, vahI, pRSTha 84-85 /

Page #334
344 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana guru bhAratIya saMskRti guru-pradhAna saMskRti hai, jisakA pratibimba samIkSya kRtiyoM meM bhI jhalakatA hai| yahA~ guru kahIM Izvara tulya, kahIM Izvara aura kahIM Izvara se bar3hakara svIkArya huA hai| guru kalyANa, jJAna aura sAdhutA kA pratIka hai / vaha loka-jIvana meM preraNA kA maMtra phUkakara use sarasa, sundara aura vibhavazAlI banAtA hai| vizva ke garala ko pIkara amRtapAna karAtA hai| usake caraNa-kamaloM kA sparza A~sU ko motI, avidyA ko vidyA aura lohe ko kaMcana ke rUpa meM parivartita kara detA hai| usakA yogI, manISI aura tejasvI rUpa; usakA nispRhI, kaSTasahiSNu aura paraduHkhakAtara rUpa jana-jana ko apanI AratI, arcanA aura pUjA ke lie prerita karatA hai| prabandhakAvyoM ke zreSTha caritra ke sAtha vikRta caritra bhI guru ke prati zraddhAvanata rahe haiM / 'zroNika carita' meM mahArAjA apane siMhAsana ko chor3akara unake caraNoM meM zIza jhukAte haiN| 'vaMkacora kI kathA' meM cora unake vacanoM kA pAlana karatA hai|' 'sUAbattIsI' meM AtmA rUpI totA gurusmaraNa se hI apane ghaTa ke paTa kholatA hai aura bAra-bAra unake guNoM kI stuti karatA hai| ___kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise guru kI mahimA vipula hai, vaise hI usake prati vyakta kiye gaye zraddhA-bhAva bhI vipula haiN| guru saMsAra rUpI mahA samudra ke lie jahAja ke samAna hai| vaha azubha karmoM aura pApoM kA prakSAlana karatA hai / vaha svayaM taratA hai aura bhava ko tAratA hai / jaga meM gurusama koI mahAn nahIM hai, jisakI saMgati se durbuddhi kA kSaya hokara subuddhi kA 1. pAzavapurANa, padya 80, pRSTha- 57 / sUAbattIsI, padya 4-6, pRSTha 268 / yazodhara caritra, padya 248 / zreNika carita, padya 1086-88, pRSTha 81 / baMkacora kI kathA, padya 225, pRSTha 26 / . sUAbattIsI, padya 26-27 ,pRSTha 270 /

Page #335
345 naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva Agamana hotA hai| guru-saMgati se hI ziva-sukha kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaha karuNAnidhi aura sukharAzi hai| use sabakA hita priya hai / usI ke sAhacarya se manuSya ananta catuSTaya rUpa ho jAtA hai| guru ke binA mukti kI rAha batAne vAlA aura koI nahIM hai| guru ke sAtha hI vANI kA varadAna dene vAlI sarasvatI bhI vismaraNIya nahIM hai| sarasvatI katipaya prabandhakAvyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM zraddhA aura bhakti-bhAva se sarasvatI ko manAnA, usakA smaraNa aura vaMdana karanA kaviyoM ko abhISTa rahA hai, yathA : (1) dehu sumati mohi zAradA mAya / ' (2) jAdoM pati kula vaMsa vadhAI gaauuN| nihacai kari sAradahi manAU~ // (3) dUjA sArada ne vistruu| budhi prakAza kavitta ucarU // kahanA na hogA ki Alocya kRtiyoM meM arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu evaM guru zraddhA ke pramukha AdhAra-staMbha haiM / unakI smRti bhakta ke hRdaya meM praphullatA aura prakAza pheMkatI hai| zubhAzubha samaya meM bhakta unheM yAda kiye binA nahIM rhtaa| dhArmika jagat meM zraddhA ke pazcAt vizvAsa kA sthAna pahale AtA hai / dekhiye : vizvAsa zraddhA kI bhAMti vizvAsa bhI dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai / 1. sItA carita, padya 644, pRSTha 37 / 2. nemicandrikA, padya 1, pRSTha 1 / 3. neminAtha maMgala, padya 3, pRSTha 1 / *. baMkacora kI kathA, padya 1, pRSTha 1 /

Page #336
346 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana dhArmika upAdAnoM yA dhArmika rIti-nItiyoM meM jaba taka vyakti ke hRdaya meM AsthA nahIM hai, taba taka vaha dhArmika kahalAne kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| vizvAsa meM bar3A bala hai; usakI kabhI na bujhane vAlI zAzvata jyoti ko koI cunautI nahIM de sakatA; vaha dharma kI nIMva hai| Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM vizvAsamUlaka aneka tattvoM kI carcA hai, jaise-AtmasattA, puruSArtha, mokSa, svarga-naraka, janma, punarjanma, svapna, durlabha manuSyabhava, karmaphala, puNya-pApa, honahAra, dAna, zIla, kSamA, aparigraha, dhyAna, yoga-tapa Adi / Atma-sattA hamAre kAvyoM meM AtmA kI svatantra sattA svIkAra kI gayI hai / vahAM AtmA akhaNDa, amUrtika aura cetanAyukta hai| vaha ghaTa-ghaTa meM pratyakSa hai / vaha svayaM kartA aura bhoktA hai / puruSArtha, Atma-vikAsa aura mokSa puruSArtha kA AtmA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| yaha AtmavikAsa kA vaha saMbala hai, jisase AtmA apanI muktAvasthA kA ananta sukha bhogatA hai| cAroM puruSArthoM ko sAdhane vAlA puruSa hI satpuruSa hai| isI se jIva sAdhutA grahaNa kara Atma-dharma kA pAlana karate hue siddha, buddha, tIrthaMkara yA paramAtmA-pada ko prApta karatA hai| isI se use svarga aura mokSa milatA hai / mokSa AtmavikAsa kI antima avasthA hai, jahAM se phira usakA AvAgamana nahIM hotA; janma-maraNa kA duHkha nahIM sahanA pdd'taa| Age svarga-naraka kI bhUmi para aaiye| 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 3, pRSTha 8 / paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 144, pRSTha 251 / sItA carita, padya 73, pRSTha 6 / 4. pAzavapurANa, padya 156, pRSTha 62 / 5. cetana karma caritra, padya 282, pRSTha 83 /

Page #337
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAvaM svarga-naraka Alocya kAvyoM meM svarga-naraka meM vizeSa vizvAsa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / Ayuparyanta jo jIva zubha bhAvoM se cyuta nahIM hotA, vaha svargagAmI hotA hai, jaise AnandakumAra nAma kA rAjA 'Anata' nAma ke svarga meM ananta sukha evaM aizvarya bhogane kA bhAgI banatA hai / svarga kI sukha-sampadA atulanIya hai| azubha karmoM ke baMdha se jIva naraka kA saMtApa sahatA hai| vahA~ kI vedanA nissIma hai aura vahA~ kA dRzya lomaharSaka / narakabhogane vAle ko vedanA sabhI narakoM meM milatI hai, kintu saptama naraka kI sabase Upara hai|" naraka meM nivAsa karane vAle sabhI jIva napuMsaka hote haiN| svarga-naraka kI bhA~ti hI 'janma-maraNa aura punarjanma' bhI vizvAsa kI bhUmikAe~ haiN| janma-maraNa aura punarjanma vizvAsa hai ki yadi jIva meM mukti kI kSamatA nahIM hai, to vaha janma . 1. jaina paramparA meM solaha svarga mAne gaye haiM, jinameM eka 'Anata' bhI hai| pArzvapurANa, padya 180 se 168, pRSTha 66-71 / yazodhara carita, padya 521 / *. naraka sAta mAne gaye haiM-ratnaprabhA, zarkarA prabhA, bAluka prabhA, paMka prabhA, dhUpa prabhA, tama prabhA aura mahAtamaH prbhaa| janama thAna saba naraka meM, aMdha adhomukha jauna / ghaMTAkAra ghinAvanI, dusaha bAsa dukha bhauna // 131 // tinameM upaje nArakI, tala sira Upara pAya / viSama vajra kaMTakamayI, pareM bhUmi para Aya / / 132 / / jo viSala bIchU sahasa, lage deha dukha hoya / naraka dharA ke parasate, sarisa vedanA soya // 133 / / -pArzvapurANa, padya 131 se 133, pRSTha 37-38 / 6. pArzvapurANa, padya 168, pRSTha 41 /

Page #338
348 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana letA hai, maratA hai aura phira janma letA hai / vaha caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA hai, jahA~ use agaNita kaSTa sahane par3ate haiN| isIlie janma, jarA aura maraNa' duHkhasvarUpa haiM / janma-maraNa kA cakra anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| paMcendriyoM kA dAsa banakara mAnavAtmA sadaiva isa cakra ke nIce pisatA rahatA hai| ___maraNa-divasa kA koI niyama nahIM hai / aTala niyama yahI hai ki jo janma dhAraNa karatA hai, nidAna vaha mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai / ' prANI ke karma hI punarjanma ke kAraNa banate haiM / karma ke anusAra hI vaha manuSya, tiryaMca, nAraka yA deva janma dhAraNa karatA hai| jisane tapa aura kAya-kleza se ghAtiyA karmoM kA vinAza kara liyA hai, vaha mokSa-dazA kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai; phira punarjanma kA-janma-maraNa kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| Age calakara 'svapna' kA jagat bhI dekhiye / svapna svapna apanA phala dete haiM / zubhAzubha svapnoM kA phala zubhAzubha hotA hai| prabandhakAvyoM meM dikhAyI dene vAle svapna kA zreya prAyaH striyoM ko hI diyA gayA hai / rAtri meM ve svapna dekhatI haiM aura prAta: ve unake phala para vicAra-vimarza kara zubhaphala kI lAlasA se harSavibhora ho uThatI haiN|" 1. baMkacora kI kathA, padya 260, pRSTha 30 / maraNa samAna na bhai ko hoya / maraNa samAna duSa nahiM koya // . -sItA carita, padya 1110, pRSTha 60 / " paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 131, pRSTha 250 / 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 67, pRSTha 55 / 5. sItA carita, padya 2166, pRSTha 126 / / 6. cetana karma caritra, padya 281, 282, 284, pRSTha 83 / (ka) nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 2 / (kha) pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 25-26 //

Page #339
saMsAra ko asAratA vivecya kRtiyoM meM sthala sthala para saMsAra kI anityatA kA udghoSa hai / yaha saMsAra svapnavat hai, ' jo madhumaya aura lubhAvanA pratIta hotA hai, kintu pariNAma meM viSamaya hai / prANI ke lie yaha saMsAra usI prakAra hai, jaise zuka ke lie semala kA phala | saMsAra ananta duHkhoM kA mUla hai / yahA~ sukhI koI nahIM hai, cAhe vaha nirdhana hai yA dhanavAna / isake atirikta samasta sAMsArika sambandha lobhamaya aura svArthamaya haiM / * karma phala ke kAraNa saMsArI sambandha vicitravicitra se jAna par3ate haiM, tatvataH ve mithyArUpa haiM / 4 viSayAsakti ke kAraNa manuSya saMsAra se vimukha nahIM hotA, yadyapi vaha jAnatA hai ki koI kisI kA nahIM hai / phalataH vaha narakAdi kA mArga taya karatA hai / ataeva usakA dharma hai ki vaha saMsAra se vimukha ho jAye, anyathA yahA~ use kSaNa-kSaNa kAlakavalita honA par3egA aura sukhoM ke sthAna para apAra duHkha bhogane hoMge / 5 1. durlabha manuSya bhava kina-kina zubha karmoM ke phalasvarUpa yaha durlabha nara-bhava (janma) milA hai, isa vizvAsa meM mAnava kA aparimita hita antarnihita hai / 'narabhava mile, na bAraMbAra yaha manuSya ke lie cetAvanI hai / yadi manuSya anAtma bhAvoM meM svayaM ko khotA hai, to yaha sAra rUpa manuSya bhava kI viDambanA hai / " 2. 1. naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 4. 5. 2. 346 7. zataaSTottarI, padya 78, pRSTha 25 / vahI, padya 74, pRSTha 25 / pArzvapurANa, padya 75, pRSTha 26 / zreNika caritra, padya 1536, pRSTha 103 // sItA carita, padya 2024, pRSTha 115 / neminAtha maMgala, pRSTha 23 / sItA carita, padya 1653, pRSTha 116

Page #340
350 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana anya paryAyoM meM prANI ke kaSToM kA koI Ara-pAra nahIM hai, ataH manuSya janma hI uttama kula dharma hai / manuSya kA yaha acala vizvAsa hI vareNya hai ki 'maiM parama dharma ko chor3akara anya kA dhyAna nahIM karUMgA, kyoMki manuSya janma durlabha hai, vaha phira prApta nahIM hogaa| mujhe jo zubha karma karane haiM, vaha abhI kara luuN| phira na jAne kaba aisA janma aura aisA uttama kula mile / rAjakumArI rAjula ke zabdoM meM 'aisI kauna mAtA hai, jo goda ke bAlaka ko chor3akara peTa ke bAlaka kI AzA kare ?'2 'zataaSTottarI' prabandhakAvya meM kahA gayA hai cetana ! yaha manuSya-janma phira nahIM milegA / ajJAna meM matavAlA bana kara tU ise vRthA kyoM khotA hai? are bAbale!baha puNya-pratApa se yaha uttama bhava milA hai| tU aba bhI saMbhala jA, yahI eka dAva hai / yaha dhArmika mAnyatA vizvAsa ke antargata AtI hai aura 'karma-phala' bhI vizvAsa kI bhitti para TikA huA hai| karma-phala AtmA kartA hai aura karma kA phala kartA ko bhoganA par3atA hai arthAta AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai| karma ke sAtha phala kA aTUTa sambandha hai| kiye hue karma apanA phala diye binA nahIM raha sakate / samasta saMsArI jIva apane karmoM ke anusAra hI apanI paryAya grahaNa karate haiN|' zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala zubhAzubha hI hotA hai| jo jaisA karma karatA hai, vaisA hI use phala prApta hotA hai / dInatA prakaTa karane yA ghighiyAne se use karma-phala sItA carita, padya 2197, pRSTha 126 / 1. rAjula paccIsI, padya 7, pRSTha 4 / zataaSTottarI, padya 5, pRSTha 6 / sItA carita, padya 73, pRSTha 6 / 5. pAvapurANa, padya 80, pRSTha 48 / 5. sItA carita, padya 72, pRSTha 6 /

Page #341
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 351 se mukti nahIM miltii| ho karma-pudgala apanI prakRti ke anusAra apanA phala dekara svata: naSTa ho jAte haiN| manuSya sAdhanA-bala se azubha karmoM kA kSaya kara pUrNa siddha ho sakatA hai| puNya-pAya Atma-bhAva puNya kA bandha karate haiM aura anAtma bhAva pApa kaa| manuSya puNya kA phala bhI bhogatA hai aura pApa kA bhI / puNya se sukha aura kIrti kI upalabdhi hotI hai| pUrva kiye gaye puNyoM ke phalasvarUpa jIvana meM sukha milatA hai / puNyavAn puruSa kI jaya hotI hai / puNya kI samatA kI anya koI vastu nahIM hai| jagat meM puNya hI ekamAtra sukhakArI aura riddhi-siddhi Adi kA dene vAlA hai| pApa ke samAna manuSya kA koI zatra nahIM hai / pApa se nAnA duHkha prApta hote haiN| uttama jIva pApa se nivRtta hokara svarga-mokSa-pada prApta karatA hai|' pApI jIva ke garbha meM Ate hI mAtA-pitAdi ke Upara kaSToM kA pahAr3a TUTa par3atA hai / jo jIva dIrgha pApa kamAtA hai, una pApa-karmoM kA udaya bhI tatkAla hI hotA hai| pUrva janma ke pApoM ke phalasvarUpa hI manuSya duHkha bhogatA hai| Izvaratva jaina dharma prAyaH IzvaraviSayaka vicAradhArA meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA, tathApi hameM jaina prabandhakAvyoM meM Izvaratva ke prati prakaTa kI gayI AsthA ke 1. (ka) yazodhara carita, padya 116 / (kha) pAvapurANa, padya 118, pRSTha 15 / 2. DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA : jaina darzana, pRSTha 356 / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 8, pRSTha 148 / zataaSTottarI, padya 104, pRSTha 32 / zreNika carita, padya 1770, pRSTha 80 / .. yazodhara carita, padya 552, pRSTha 51 / 7. pArzvapurANa, padya 63, pRSTha 12 / nemicandrikA, pRSTha 20 /

Page #342
352 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana darzana hote haiN| isa rUpa meM jaina prabandhoM para vaidika darzana kI spaSTa chApa dikhAyI detI hai| jainoM kA Izvara vItarAgI jinadeva hai| pratyakSataH usakI ajeya zakti para vizvAsa karate hue saMkaTa ke samaya usase rakSA kI yAcanA yA AhlAda ke samaya usakI bhAvabhInI stuti kI gayI hai yA kama se kama usakA isI rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 'sItA carita' meM rAvaNa dvArA sItA kA apaharaNa kiye jAne para nirIha avasthA meM sItA sahAyatA ke lie parokSa zakti ko pukAra uThatI hA hA deva kahA bhayo, sItA kare vilApa / ' isI prakAra 'zIlakathA' kI manoramA saMkaTavelA meM "jinavara' kI zaraNa gahatI hai : phira mana gAr3hau tina kInI / ura meM prabhu zaraNa to liino| aba jinavara zaraNa tumhArI / dUjo koI na hamAro / ' jaise rAma athavA kRSNa ke rUpa meM viSNu ke avatAra lene para janetara kaviyoM ne indrAdi devatAoM dvArA unakI stuti aura pUjA karAI hai, vaise hI Alocya kaviyoM ne bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke Izvaratva meM vizvAsa prakaTa karate hue indrAdi dvArA unake garbha meM Ane, janma lene, tapa karane, kevalajJAna hone aura nirvANa prApta karane ke avasaroM para stuti karAI hai|' dAna dAna kA sambandha usa tyAga se hai, jo hRdaya meM audArya kI sRSTi kara 1. sItA carita, padya 611, pRSTha 50 / 2. zIla kathA, pRSTha 38 / 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 62, pRSTha 103, adhikAra 6 /

Page #343
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAva 353 jIvana ko mahAmahima banAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM dAna ihaloka aura paraloka donoM ke lie zreyaskara mAnA gayA hai| dAna ke sAtha bhAvanA kA vizeSa sambandha hai / bhAvanApUrvaka diye gaye dAna ke samAna triloka meM anya koI vastu nahIM hai / vaha svarga-mokSa-dAyaka hai| dAna dete samaya supAtra evaM kupAtra para dRSTi rakhanA anivArya hai / supAtra ko diyA gayA dAna dharma aura kupAtra ko diyA gayA dAna adharma kI zreNI meM AtA hai| pAtradAna hI zubha hai / jo suvijJa nara supAtra ko dAna dete haiM, unheM manavAMchita phala kI prApti hotI hai| kupAtra ko dAna denA ThIka vaise hI hai, jaise Usara bhUmi meM bIja bonaa| itanA hI nahIM yadi koI puruSa kupAtra ko bhAva sahita bhI dAna detA hai, to bhI use nidAna duHkha milatA hai, aise dAnI ko marane para bhI sugati nahIM miltii| dAna manuSya kA Atma-dharma hai| yadi vaha sthira bhAva se zuddha anubhavarasa kA pAna kara zivakSetra meM nivAsa karanA cAhatA hai to mukta hAthoM se cAroM prakAra kA dAna de| Age 'zIla' kI bhUmi para Aiye / / zIla yadi dAna candramA ke samAna hai to zIla sUrya ke samAna / zIla apane Apa meM dharma hai, puruSa evaM nArI kA bhUSaNa hai| Alocya granthoM meM zIla kA artha prAyaH parastrIgamana yA puruSa gamana ke niSedha se liyA gayA hai| zIla manuSya kA zrRMgAra hai , saMsAra meM zIla-rahita manuSya bhraSTa hai / 1. baMkacora kI kathA, padya 28, pRSTha 4 / 2. vahI, padya 27, pRSTha 4 / 3. vahI, padya 26, pRSTha 4 / 4. zataaSTottarI, padya 71, pRSTha 24 / 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 166, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 62 /

Page #344
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana vrata-tapAdikA zIla ke abhAva meM koI mUlya nahIM hai / asaMkhya dhArmika kriyAe~ taba taka zUnyavat haiM, jaba taka ki unake prArambha meM 'zIla kA aMka' nahIM jor3a diyA jAtA 354 zIla ke pratikUla AcaraNa karane vAlI nArI ko narakagati milatI hai aura sAta bhavoM taka chedana, bhedana, tADanAdi anirvacanIya pIr3AoM ko sahanA par3atA hai / isI prakAra paratiya laMpaTa puruSa saMsAra meM bhramita hotA rahatA hai aura usake pApoM kA kabhI anta nahIM hotA hai / paranArIgamana ke samAna koI anya pApa nahIM hai / isake pariNAmasvarUpa isa loka meM yaza kI kSati aura paraloka meM duHkha kI prApti hotI hai| vastutaH kuzIla kA pariNAma bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai / zIla bhaMga se pApa aura pApa se naraka kA dvAra milatA hai / " zIlavrata ke pAlana se bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra kI samRddhi milatI hai | adhika kyA kahA jAya ? zIla kI sahAyatA se hI cakravartI pada, indrAsana, tInoM lokoM kA rAjya evaM hari-pada prApta ho jAtA hai / zIla ke samAna saMsAra meM koI dUsarI vastu nahIM hai; yahI aisI amUlya vastu hai jisase ajara-amara pada prApta hotA hai / " zIla ke sAtha kSamA bhI draSTavya hai | kSamA ghane biMdu jo dIjie, eka aMka nahi hoya / taise niraphala jAnie, zIla binA saba koya / jaina dharma meM kSamA ko 'vIrasya bhUSaNam' svIkAra karate hue yaha siddha zIla kathA, pRSTha 21 / rAjula paccIsI, chanda 14, pRSTha 8 / * yazodhara carita, padya 1377, pRSTha 10, adhikAra 1 / 4. pArzvapurANa, padya 75, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 10 / 1. 2. 5. zreNika carita, padya 473, pRSTha 34 / 6. zIla kathA, pRSTha 78 /

Page #345
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 355 kiyA hai ki kSamA kAyaratA kA lakSaNa nahIM, vIratA kA lakSaNa hai aura vIroM kA bhUSaNa hai / vahA~ kSamA ko vyakti ke caritra kA eka pramukha aMga mAnA hai| Alocya prabandhoM meM kSamA ko tAta, mAta, mitra aura avadAta kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / kSamAvAn puruSa hI saMsAra meM adhikAdhika bhUSaNoM se bhUSita hote haiN| Age 'ahiMsA' liijiye| ahiMsA janoM ne ahiMsA meM bar3I AsthA pragaTa kI hai| paMca aNuvrata-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha meM ahiMsA ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| zeSa cAroM bhI ahiMsA ke hI vividha rUpa haiN| hamAre prabandhoM meM sthala-sthala para ahiMsA tattva kA vizada varNana huA parilakSita hota hai / ahiMsA dharma hai aura hiMsA adharma / ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra jIva dayA hai| jIva dayA hI uttama dharma hai, jIva dayA hI svargasukhadAyaka hai| jo bhavya jIva hRdaya meM dayA dhAraNa karatA hai, vahI svAtma-rasa kA pAna karatA hai / svAtma-rasa ke pAna karane se zivapada prApta hotA hai / jahA~ jIvoM para karuNA kI jAtI hai, vahIM dharma hai / jahA~ isa karuNA kA vyApAra nahIM hotA, vahA~ prANI karmabandha karatA hai / karmabandha se sarvasukha naSTa hokara naraka-nivAsa milatA hai / ataeva jo adayA 'bhAva samagra duHkhoM kA mUla hai, usakA parityAga hI hitakara hai| isake sAtha 'aparigraha' bhI dhArmika vizvAsa kA aMga hai| aparigraha saMgrahavRtti ke nirodha hetu aparigraha eka Avazyaka vrata hai| svAdhikAra 1. yazodhara carita, padya 320 / 2. vahI, padya 406 / 3. vahI, padya 406, pRSTha 11 /

Page #346
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana mamattva bhAva parigraha hai / yaha eka viSAkta aura hiMsAtmaka bhAva hai / parigraha kaSToM kA mUla hai / isI se asaMtoSa, rAga-dveSa, tRSNA, mAyA, moha, krodha, lobha Adi kutsita vikAroM ko janma milatA hai| parigraha-gaTharI utArakara cAritrapatha-grahaNa se hI manuSya Atma-bhAva meM lIna hokara nirgrantha bana sakatA aparigraha hI mukti kA hetu hai / isI prakAra anAtmabhAva bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM / ataH una para vicAra karanA bhI anivArya hai / anAtma bhAva anAtmabhAva Atma-zatra haiM, jo rAga-dveSAdi se utpanna hote haiN| inheM bhAvabandha bhI kahate haiM, jinase cetana karmabaddha hotA hai| kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, moha, vaira, caurya, kuzIla, pramAda, hiMsA Adi sabhI anAtmabhAvoM kI gaNanA meM Ate haiM / inase AtmaguNoM kA hanana hotA hai aura isa prakAra ye Atma-svAtaMtrya meM bAdhA upasthita karate haiN| mAnava ke sasAra-paribhramaNa evaM nAnA kaSToM meM saMgrasta hone ke ye hI kAraNa haiM, astu aise vikArI bhAvoM para vijaya prApta kiye binA prANI kI mukti kahA~ ? kAmAdhIna manuSya indriyagata dAsatA kI lauha-zRMkhalAoM meM jakar3A rahatA hai / isase usakI sva-para-viveka buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai / kAmI kAna hote hue bhI baharA hai, A~kha hote hue bhI andhA hai| usa para pAgalapana savAra ho jAtA hai; vicAra-avicAra kA use dhyAna nahIM rahatA / viSaya-vAsanA se vaha apanI sudha-budha khokara artadhyAnI ho jAtA hai / kAma-vyApta koI bhI nara-nArI saceta nahIM rahatA / kAmI puruSa kA koI yauvana bhI nahIM hotA kyoMki usakA yauvana to sadaiva agni meM jalatA rahatA hai| kAmAsakta nara " pArzvapurANa, padya 150, pRSTha 156 / 2. vahI, padya 134, pRSTha 154 / 3. sItA carita, padya 652, pRSTha 52 / zataaSTottarI, padya 51, pRSTha 16 /

Page #347
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAva 357 nArI sadaiva hI durbuddhi kA paricaya dete haiM ; unheM rUpa-kurUpa, guNa-avaguNa bhI dikhAyI nahIM detaa| krodha se subuddhi vicalita aura kubuddhi vikasita hotI hai| jaise ghRta se agni dhadhakakara jala uThatI hai, vaise hI krodha se manuSya dhadhakakara jala uThatA hai| manuSya jaba-jaba krodha karatA hai, taba-taba hI vaha karma-bandhana meM baMdhatA mada ahaM kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| madamasta puruSa aMdhA hotA hai aura jo aSTa prakArI mada meM cUra hai, use to kAnoM se bhI kucha sunAI nahIM detaa| jo lobha pApa kA mUla hai, putra dvArA pitA kA vadha karA detA hai, pApa kA bandha karatA hai aura prANI ko kaSTa jvAlA meM jhauMkatA hai, vaha dhikkRta hai| lobhI puruSa kI vaisI hI gati hotI hai jaisI 'sUA battIsI' kAvya meM 'lobha nalini' para baiThane se tote kI huii| moha cetana ke anAtma-bhAvoM kA rAjA hai / vaha jIva para kAmanA rUpI vANoM se coTa karatA hai, jIva dharma-dhyAna kI oTa meM hI svayaM ko bacAkara moha para ulaTA prahAra kara sakatA hai| yaha moha-dazA atyanta bhArasvarUpa hai| kAMpane se isakA nivAraNa nahIM hotaa| ajJAnI jIva moha ke kAraNa 1. yazodhara carita, padya 307 / 2. zroNika caritra, padya 715, pRSTha 46 : 3. zIla kathA, pRSTha 43 / / 4. pArzvapurANa, padya 163, pRSTha 166 / 5. sItA carita, padya 631, pRSTha 142 / 6. zreNika carita, padya 1016, 1020, 1021, pRSTha 76 / 7. sUA battIsI, padya 11 se 18, pRSTha 268 se 266 / 4. cetana karma caritra, padya 168, pRSTha 72 /

Page #348
358 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana duHkha pAtA hai aura jJAnI usase mukta rahatA hai / " moha AtmA kA balavAn zatru hai jo use saMsAra meM saMkaTa grasta rakhatA hai / " isakI dAsatA grahaNa kara zUravIra kAyaratA, karmavIra nizceSTatA aura amIra phakIrapana dhAraNa kara vana-vana bhaTakatA hai / vaira hiMsaka aura kutsita vRtti hai / vaira bhAva manuSya ke sAtha aneka bhavoM taka baddha rahatA hai / isI kAraNa vaha apane sahodara taka kI hatyA karane se nahIM cUkatA aura phira usako itane se hI saMtoSa nahIM hotA, vaha vara-bhAvanA ko vismRta na kara apane bhAI kA janma-janmAntaroM taka pIchA karatA hai, avasara milate hI usa para vipatti ke bAdala ma~DarAtA hai; usake sammukha vedanA kA jAla bichA detA hai, bhale hI isake badale use kitane hI saMtApoM aura kitanI hI durgatiyoM meM bhaTakanA par3e, jaisA ki 'pArzvapurANa' kAvya meM / isa kAvya meM vaira viSayaka uparyukta saMdarbha bar3I mArmikatA ke sAtha udghATita hue haiM / sArAMza yaha hai jaba taka cetana ina anAtma bhAvoM meM lipta rahatA hai, taba taka use svapna meM bhI na sukha mila sakatA hai aura na sugati yA mukti hI mila sakatI / ye zatru rUpa haiM, inako jIta lene para hI ziva-sampatti prApta ho sakatI hai / ina mithyA bhAvoM ke parityAga meM hI prANI kA kalyANa nihita hai / " Age AtmabhAva draSTavya haiM / jJAna 1. 2. 1. zIla kathA, pRSTha 36 / 4. jJAna vaha samyak dRSTi hai jisake abhAva meM koTi-koTi varSoM kI sAdhanA hi moha dazA ati bhArI, kA~pe nahIM jAta nivArI | jIva moha thakI duSa pAvai, gyAnI ko to nahIM bhAvai // - yazodhara caritra, padya 476 / pArzvapurANa, padya 67, pRsTha 34 / 5. zataaSTottarI, padya 43, pRSTha 15 / cetana karma caritra, padya 234-38, pRSTha 78 /

Page #349
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 356 saphalIbhUta nahIM hotI / sva-para kA viveka karAne vAlI zakti kA nAma jJAna hai | saMcita azubha karmoM kA kSaya aura bhrama nAza jJAna ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA / jJAna se kriyA bhinna nahIM hai / 'sva' ko pahacAnane kI kriyA kA nAma hI jJAna hai / isI jJAna - kiyA ke dvArA mukti sadaiva sevA meM khar3I rahatI hai / " jo svayaM ko pahacAna letA hai, vahI jJAnI hai aura usakI kriyA (sAdhanA) meM sthiratA rahatI hai | jJAna aura kriyA kA samyak saMyoga hI zivapada yA mokSa hai, isake binA samasta sAdhanA doSapUrNa hai / paudagalika padArthoM meM Asakti aviveka svarUpa aura bhramAtmaka hai / jJAna hI isa Asakti kA vinAzaka hai aura Atmahita ke lie mahauSadhi hai | jJAna- upalabdhi Atma-darzana kI saMvalikA hai / usI ke dvArA mAnava sthirabhAva se anubhava - rasa kA pAna karatA hai / isake anantara dhyAna ko lIjie / dhyAna gyAnadIpa tapa tela bhari, ghara soce bhrama chora / yA vidha bina nikaseM nahIM, paiThe pUraba cora / ' citta - vikSepa se rahita hokara aura ekAnta sthAna meM baiThakara AtmA ke vItarAga, zuddha svarUpa kI bhAvanA karane ko abhyAsa kahate haiM / yahI saMvitti AtmAnubhUti yA dhyAna hai / isI ke dvArA yogI jana mokSa sukha ke kAraNa bhUta bheda-vijJAna ko prApta karate haiM / " 1. 2. 5. pArzvapurANa, padya 81, pRSTha 57 / sItA carita, padya 2223, pRSTha 127 / 6. vahI, padya 2226, pRSTha 127 / zataaSTottarI, padya 79, pRSTha 24 / 4. paM0 hIrAlAla jaina : jaina dharmamAmRta, pRSTha 280 /

Page #350
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana dhyAna vaha AdhArabhUmi hai, jisa para jJAna kA bhavya prAsAda khar3A hai, jisameM nivasita hone para karma evaM mithyA kA kSaya hokara brahmAnanda kI svataH prApti ho jAtI hai / ' 360 mukti-prApti ke lie dhyAna aura dhyAna ke lie para-padArthoM se pari arthAt bhoga se nivRtti Avazyaka hai / jisane bhoga se virakti lekara dhyAnArAdhana kiyA hai, vahI mukti-prApti kA adhikArI banA hai / ' Age yoga- tapa draSTavya hai | yoga - tapa-saMyama adhyayanIya prabandhakAvyoM meM prAyaH yoga zabda bhoga ke viparItArtha rUpa meM prayukta huA hai aura ise bhoga se zreyaskara mAnA hai / " bhoga bhujaMga-sama hai aura bhoga sudhAsama / tattvajJAna kI bAta yahI hai ki yoga se mRtyu bhaya khAtI hai aura bhoga se vaha dUnI lapaTatI hai / bhoga-rata prANI phira-phira kara saMsAra meM praveza karatA hai / jisane jJAna dvArA bhoga kA tyAga kara diyA hai, usake ghara mukti ke bAje bajate haiM / prabandhakAroM ne yoga aura tapa meM pArthakya svIkAra nahIM kiyA / unakI asatya hai, satya hai to kevala dRSTi meM yoga hI tapa hai / saMsAra meM aura saba tapa hI / tapa se hI prANI kI mukti saMbhava hai / ko sahana karate hue saMcita karmoM kA kSaya karane se tapa dvArA bAIsa parISahoM hI zivarAja milatA hai | " saMyama tapasyA kA prathama sopAna hai / yadyapi saMyama dhAraNa karanA ati kaThina hai kintu tapazcaryA patha meM saMyama kA anupAlana na honA samudra meM DUba zataaSTottarI, padya 14, pRSTha 26 / 2. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa ), pRSTha 25 / nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 24 / 3. 4. vahI, pRSTha 25 / 4. rAjula paccIsI, padya 17 18, pRSTha 10 /

Page #351
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 361 marane ke samAna hai / ' saMyama sahita yadi prANI ghora tapasyA meM rata rahatA hai to samasta karmoM kA kSaya karate hue vaha paramAnanda prApta karatA hai| samasta prakAra ke sukhoM kI upalabdhi tapArAdhana se hI saMbhava hai, anyathA anya sabhI saMsArI sukha nidAna duHkhamUlaka haiM / upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki dhArmika kSetra meM vizvAsa kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai / dharma-bhAvanA ko pragAr3ha karane meM vizvAsamUlaka tattva mahattvapUrNa yoga dete haiM / vastutaH vizvAsa ke binA dharma ke komala svara kA gujana kahIM sunAyI nahIM detaa| isake sAtha hI dhArmika pRSThabhUmi meM karmakANDa (kriyAkANDa) ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / karmakANDa jaina dharma meM jJAna, zraddhA, bhakti aura vizvAsa ke sAtha hI karmakANDa kI samAna upAdeyatA svIkAra kI gayI hai / moTe taura para dharma ke do pakSa hote haiM--(1) jJAnakANDa aura (2) karmakANDa / abhyantarAcAra ko jJAna kANDa ke nAma se aura bAhyAcAra ko karmakANDa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| karmakANDa ke binA jJAnakANDa nirarthaka hai aura jJAna ke binA samasta kriyAe~ zUnyavat haiM / vastutaH jJAna aura kriyA abhinna haiM / ___ karmakANDa kI AvazyakatA kevala gRhasthoM ko hI nahIM, gRhatyAgiyoM ko bhI hai / isI ke AdhAra para jaina dharma meM gRhasthI (zrAvaka) aura gRhatyAgI (sAdhu-muni) do prakAra ke sAdhaka mAne gaye haiN| jo gRhasthAzrama meM rahatA huA parivAra ke sAtha apanA dharma nibhAtA hai aura Atma zuddhi ke lie prayatna karatA hai, vaha gRhastha sAdhaka hai aura jo kuTumba, dhana, makAna Adi dasa prakAra ke bAhya parigraha kA tyAgakara araNyavAsI bana jAtA hai, vaha sAdhu sAdhaka hai| 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 64-65, pRSTha 247 / ' 2. cetana karma caritra, padya 186-86, pRSTha 73-74 / 1. nemicandrikA (AsakaraNa), pRSTha 24 / *. sItA carita, padya 2223, pRSTha 127 /

Page #352
362 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana __karmakANDa hI cAritra hai / cAritra kriyArUpa hai aura vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai-sakala cAritna tathA deza cAritra / zrAvaka (gRhastha) apanI sImAoM meM jisa cAritra ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha eka deza cAritra hai aura sAdhu jisa cAritra ko pAlatA hai, vaha sakala cAritra hai|' __zrAvaka ke lie eka deza cAritra kA pAlana Avazyaka hai arthAt usake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha aSTa mUla guNoM ko apanAye, sapta vyasanoM kA tyAga kare aura SaT karmoM meM rata rhe|" sArAMza yaha hai ki zrAvaka sadAcArI ho; usakA AcaraNa mUlata: ahiMsAtmaka ho| vaha bhAva sahita una durvyasanoM kA parityAga kare, jinase usakA hRdaya kaluSita bhAvoM se ladatA hai, jinase use loka meM apayaza milatA hai aura jinase paraloka bhI bigar3atA hai| ataH vaha una viziSTa guNoM se apanI AtmA ko alaMkRta kare jinase pApa-buddhi kA kSaya hokara, para-padArthoM se dRSTi haTakara Atma-vikAsa kI bhUmiyoM meM padArpaNa kara sake / katipaya prabandhakAvyoM kI bhitti gRhastha ke sadAcAra para hI AdhRta hai aura unameM sthala-sthala para gRhasthoM ke karmakANDa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| kucha prabandhoM meM usakA nAmamAtra ko hI ullekha milatA hai / - pArzvapurANa, padya 148, pRSTha 155 / 1. vahI, padya 148-146, pRSTha 155-56 / 3. aSTa mUla guNa-mAMsa, madya, madhu, paMca udambara phala, rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA, jala chAnakara pInA, jIvoM para dayA karanA Adi / sapta vyasana-bUtakrIr3A, madya, mAMsa, vezyAgamana, zikAra, corI aura para-strI-sevana / SaT karma, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa / pArzvapurANa, padya 27, pRSTha 18 / pArzvapurANa, baMkacora kI kathA, zIla kathA, nizi bhojana kathA, zreNika carita aadi| .. yazodhara carita, neminAtha maMgala, rAjula paccIsI Adi /

Page #353
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva zrAvaka ke karmakANDa para vistAra se prakAza DAlane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki vaha hamArA adhyayanIya viSaya nahIM hai / saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrAvaka dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM (kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, dAna, AkiMcana, zIla) kA pAlana kare kyoMki inake pAlana se usameM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai / vaha sapta vyasanoM jUA, madya, mAMsa, vezyAgamana, zikAra, corI, para- strI sevana) kA tyAga kare kyoMki ina vyasanoM meM rata manuSya paga-paga para jaya ke sthAna para parAjaya kA anubhava karatA hai aura mAnava dharma se cyuta hokara aneka kaSToM kA zikAra banatA hai|' isI prakAra aSTamUla guNoM meM se prathama sAta kA AcaraNa karane se hiMsAtmaka karmoM se mukti milatI hai aura deva-darzana se hRdaya meM komala vRttiyoM kA saMcAra hokara pavitra cAritra kI preraNA saMbala pAtI hai, jisase AtmA kara paramAtmA jaise guNoM ko dhAraNa kara paramAtmA jaisA banane kA yatna karatA hai / zrAvaka ke lie jina SaTkarmoM kA vidhAna batAyA gayA hai, vaha AcAra-zuddhi ke lie hai / zAstroM ke svAdhyAya se bheda-buddhi aura ajJAnatimira vicchinna hotA hai / saMyama se indriyoM para vijaya prApta hokara tapapatha prazasta hotA hai / tapa ( sAmAyika, vrata, niyama) se AtmA vizuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai / * dAna se audArya aura tyAga kI bhAvanA dRr3ha hokara AtmA ko aparimita saMtoSa milatA hai / 1. zrI guru sicchA sAbhalo, (gyAnI ) sAta vyasana parityAgo re / ye jaga meM pAtaka bar3e ( gyAnI) ina mAraga mata lAgo re // pArzvapurANa, padya 160, pRSTha 157 / cetana karma caritra, padya 186, pRSTha 73-74 / auSadhi abhaya gyAna ahAra mahAdAna yaha cAra prakAra // (ka) zreNika carita, pRSTha 82-83 / (kha) baMkacora kI kathA, padya 231-245, pRSTha 25-28 / (ga) pArzvapurANa, padya 22-23, pRSTha 51 / R. 363 3. 4. - pArzvapurANa, padya 152, pRSTha. 66 /

Page #354
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana prabandhakAvyoM meM deva- pUjA ke anekAneka sthala haiM, jahA~ zrAvakoM ke aMtasa se umar3atI huI bhakti salilA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai / 364 deva pUjA se, usakI arcA-carcA se bhakta meM divya anurAga-bhAva utpanna hotA hai; ArAdhya kI mahattA aura svayaM kI laghutA kA bhAna hotA hai aura usake guNoM ke smaraNa-kIrtana se vaha ArAdhya ke guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / yadyapi yaha bAhyAcAra hI hai kintu ise anupayogI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai / ' nIce diye gaye avataraNa meM zrAvaka kI deva pUjA draSTavya hai 2. Avata dekhata ati haraSai cita mahimA kahI na jAi / dvAdasa sabhA madhi bhagavaMta tahA~ tIna pradakSinA de rAi || zrI0 // cita niramala ghari praName jina pada adhika bhagati ura dhAra / aSTa daraba subha sethI pUjA bhUpata kareM adhikAra // zrI0 // zrAvaka kI apekSA sAdhu ke karmakANDa kA kSetra vistRta hai / gRhastha eka deza cAritra ko grahaNa karatA hai aura muni sakala cAritra ko / sakala cAritra ke antargata muni ke 28 mUla-guNa svIkAra kiye gaye haiM : zrISa kuMkuma kapUra sugaMdha mili pUje zrI jinarAi / saMsAra bhramana AtApa nAsana kareM kAraNa nRpa mana bhAi || zrI0 // taMdula ujala akhaMDa sugaMdha subha akSata pUja karAi | akSaya pada prApata ke kAraNa bhUSata jI pUjai bhAi // zrI0 // 2. (ka) jainAcAryA ne 'rAga' ko bandha kA kAraNa kahA hai, kintu vItarAgI meM kiyA gayA 'rAga' mokSa kA hetu hai / - DaoN0 prema sAgara : hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi, pRSTha 2 / kahA, kintu usa rAga ko (kha) AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'rAga' ko bhakti jo arhanta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacana meM zuddha bhAva se kiyA jAye / - AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 24 kA bhASya / pArzvapurANa, padya 20-21, pRSTha 51 / 3. zreNika carita, padya 1206, 10, 11, 13, pRSTha 81-82 /

Page #355
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 365 (1) pA~ca mahAvrata --ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmavarya aura aparigraha | (2) pA~ca samiti - jaise, IrSyA, utsarga Adi / (3) pA~ca indriyoM para vijaya / (4) chaH Avazyaka karma - sAmAyika, stuti, vaMdanA, Adi / (5) sAta zeSa guNa - yathA, dina meM eka bAra bhojana, bhUmizayana Adi / sAdhu sabase uttama hai kyoMki vahI siddha ho sakatA hai / sAdhu hue binA nirvANa-pada bhI prApta nahIM hotA / " pUrNataH AcAra ko pAlane vAlA sAdhu hI vaMdanIya hai / " pratikramaNa Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM aneka aise sthaloM kI avataraNA huI hai, jahA~ sAdhanAbhimukha pAtra dIkSA lekara tapasvI rUpa meM tapazcaryA karate haiM aura sAdhu ke AcAroM ko pAlate haiM / 3 ' pArzvapurANa' kA AnandakumAra nAma kA rAjA sAdhu dharma meM dIkSita hokara vanavIra kI bhA~ti vanavAsa karatA hai, bAraha prakAra kA durdharSa tapa tapatA hai, kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa Adi bAIsa parISaha sahana karatA hai, kSamA mArdava- Arjava Adi dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM ke anukUla AcaraNa karatA hai, solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM se bhAvita hotA hai aura isa prakAra vaha nAnA kriyAoM se tIrthaMkara-pada prApta karatA hai | " saMkSepa meM sAdhucaryA bar3I kaThina hai | sAdhu-dharma- aMgIkAra karane kA artha pArzvapurANa, padya 151, pRSTha 156 / 1. 9. vahI, padya 156, pRSTha 156 / 3. pArzvapurANa, padya 113, pRSTha 60 / 4. vahI, padya 136-38, pRSTha 65 / vahI, padya 168-66, pRSTha 68 / 5.

Page #356
366 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hai, agaNita kaSToM kA AliMgana / una kaSToM kI kalpanAmAtra sAdhAraNa jana ko siharana ke lie vivaza kara detI hai| uparyukta dharma viSayaka vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki Alocya kavi dharmabhAvanA se anuprANita rahe haiN| unhoMne dharma ko laukika evaM pAralaukika saphalatA kA vidhAyaka tattva svIkAra karate hue use bhAvanA aura kriyA donoM rUpoM meM rUpAyita kiyA hai / dhArmika kSetra meM ve paramparA se adhika prabhAvita rahe dikhAyI dete haiN| 3. darzana prabandhakAvyoM ke dhArmika pakSa ke sAtha hI unakA dArzanika pakSa bhI vicAraNIya hai / adhikAMza Alocya prabandhakAvyoM kI bhitti jaina darzana para AdhRta hai / 'pArzvapurANa', 'sItA carita,' 'yazodhara carita, 'zataaSTottarI, 'paMcendriya saMvAda, 'sUA battIsI', 'cetana karma caritra', 'yazodhara carita' prabhRti racanAoM meM to pratyakSata: jIva, ajIva Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya, pApa Adi dArzanika tattvoM kA vivecana milatA hai| zeSa racanAoM meM dArzanika tattvoM kA prAcurya nahIM hai, unameM parokSataH tattvacintana kA bhAva jhalakatA hai| jaina mAnyatA meM pramukha tattva mAne gaye haiM :2 (1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) Asrava, (4) bandha, (5) saMvara, (6) nirjarA aura (7) mokSa / kucha AcArya puNya aura pApa ina donoM kA pRthak astitva svIkAra karate haiN| hamArI dRSTi se uparyukta sAta tattvoM ke antargata hI puNya-pApa kA 1. zreNika caritra, pRSTha 66 / 2. 'jIvAjIvAstravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam' -tattvArtha sUtra, 114 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pRSTha 7, solApura, san 1936 I0 /

Page #357
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 367 samAhAra ho jAtA hai, jinakA vivecana hama' dhArmika bhUmi' ke paripArzva meM kara cuke haiN| jIva ___ jIva tattva kA vargIkaraNa mukti-prApti kI yogyatA, vartamAna sthiti Adi ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| mukti ke sambandha se jIva ke do bheda haiM-bhavya aura abhavya / jisa meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra dvArA mukti prApta karane kI yogyatA hai vaha bhavya jIva hai aura jisameM isa prakAra kI yogyatA nahIM, vaha abhavya jIva hai| vartamAna sthiti ke AdhAra se jIva ke do bheda haiM-saMsArI aura mukt| jo karmabaddha hai, eka gati meM janma letA hai aura maratA hai, vaha saMsArI jIva hai / jo karma zRMkhalA ko kATakara mukta ho cukA hai, ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta vIrya, ananta sukhAdi guNoM se alaMkRta ho gayA hai, vaha AvAgamana rahita arthAt mukta jIva hai / hamAre kAvyoM meM jIva tattva kA sarvAdhika ullekha milatA hai / jIva aneka gatiyoM meM nAnA saMtApa sahatA rahatA hai, use eka pala bhI sukha kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| mA~ ke garbha se yaha jIva utpanna hotA hai, garbha meM bhI yaha sadaiva du:kha se pIr3ita rahatA hai, kRmi Adi se pUrNa udara meM ulTe mukha se kabhI nau mAsa taka rahatA hai aura kabhI adhUre samaya meM hI apanI jIvanalIlA samApta kara detA hai| pApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva ko adhogati milatI hai| koI garbha meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai, koI bAla yA taruNa hokara vinAza ko prApta hotA hai, koI vRddhAvasthA ke kaSTa sahatA hai, koI 1. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 556 / 2. sa jAti kI cyAra gati khii| deva naraka pasu manaSa ja shii| tiha meM duSa nAnA parakAra / sukha eka pala nAhi lagAra // -baMkacora kI kathA, padya 261, pRSTha 30 / ... yazodhara carita, padya 125-26 /

Page #358
368 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana puNyodaya se yauvana kA sukha bhogatA hai / isI prakAra koI mUrkha moha mada meM masta hokara durgatiyoM meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai, koI rogAdi se pIr3ita hokara duHkha sahatA hai, koI putra - kalatra ke bIca ghara meM bandI banA rahatA hai / yaha saba kyoM hotA hai ? jIva dvArA parasaMyoga aura svasvarUpa ko bhUla jAne ke kAraNa / yahI usake bhava-bhramaNa aura paga-paga para asahya vedanA sahana karane kA kAraNa hai / vaha apane ajJAna ke kAraNa karma nibhitta se vaibhAvika pariNamana karake saMsAra baMdha kA sRjana karatA hai / jIva tattva amUrtika hai / vaha cetanAmaya arUpI sattA hai / " vaha karttA hai, bhoktA hai, zarIra pramANa hai, UrdhvagAmI hai tathA utpAda, vyaya aura zrIvyayukta hai / vaha ekAMtata: vANI dvArA pratipAdya aura tarka dvArA bodhagamya nahIM hai|' usameM svabhAvataH jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi guNa vidyamAna haiM / apane utthAna-patana ke lie jIva svayaM uttaradAyI hai / apane karmoM se hI vaha baMdhanamukta hotA hai / anya na koI use bA~dhatA hai aura na baMdhana se mukta karatA hai / kamAye hue karmoM kA phala vaha nizcita hI bhogatA hai / zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra hI use phala milatA hai / " isake lie anya kisI ko doSa denA vyartha hai, kyoMki AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai / " 1. 2. 3. 4. zataaSTottarI, padya 22 pRSTha 13 / AcArAMga sUtra, 6 / 1 / 332 // vahI, 6 / 1 / 332 / vahI, 6 / 1 / 330 / 1 prANI je karama kamAvai, tAko phala nihacaM pAvai jo karama subhAsubha hoI, nica te phala soI / - yazodhara carita, padya 117 / (ka) dosa na kAhU dIjiye, karatA aura na hoi / iha karatA iha bhogatA, bhugatA aura na koi / - sItA carita, padya 17, pRSTha 6 / kramazaH

Page #359
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 366 AtmA apanI vizuddha svAbhAvika dazA meM pahuMcakara paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / AtmA ko bA~dhane vAle karmoM ke AvaraNa se mukta hote hI vaha saMsAradazA se mukta hokara apanI zAzvata evaM siddhatva avasthA prApta kara letA hai tathA vizva kA jJAtA aura draSTA ho jAtA hai| zivasvarUpa AtmA kI yahI sthiti vareNya kahI gayI hai|' __ yaha sthiti tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba manuSya parasaMgati kA parityAga kara de; rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAt kA parihAra kara de / AtmasvarUpa ke viparIta para-prIti use naraka meM le jAne vAlI hai / apane svabhAva ko bhUla jAnA hI usake jagat-paribhramaNa kA, aneka yoniyoM meM bhaTakane kA kAraNa hai| ratnatraya (samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra) ko apanAne se tathA apane mUla svarUpa ko pahacAnane se manuSya ko zuddha buddhatva kI prApti hotI hai| (kha) jIva kI kartatva aura bhoktRtva kI dRSTi se karmakAra se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| jaise karmakAra kArya karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai, vaise hI jIva svayaM karma karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai| -muni nathamala : jaina aura dharma darzana, pRSTha 226 / 1. kevala prakAza hoya, aMdhakAra nAza hoya, jJAna ko vilAsa hoya aura lauM nivAhavI / siddha meM suvAsa hoya, lokAloka bhAsa hoya, Apu riddha pAsa hoya aura kI na cAhannI / / -zataaSTottarI, padya 61, pRSTha 28 / 2. cetana karma caritra, padya 284-87, pRSTha 83 / 3. zataaSTottarI, padya 98, pRSTha 30 / 4. e ho cetana rAya parasoM prIti kahA karI / je narakahi le jAhi, tinahI soM rAce sadA // -vahI, padya 82, pRSTha 26 / 5. bhUlo Apa Apa na pAyo / yAhI bhUla jagata bharamAyo / caurAsI laSa meM phirayo hii| kAla anAdi na jANeM kyoM hI // -sItA carita, padya 2217, pRSTha 127 /

Page #360
370 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana usakA deva aura guru AtmA hI hai| AtmA kA 'kevalarUpa' atIva sundara aura cidAnaMda-svarUpa hai / AtmA apanI sahI sthiti para Ate hI paramAtmApada para pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| taba usakA na koI sevaka hai, na koI svAmI / vaha svayaM hI sevaka hai aura svayaM hI svAmI hai|' sArAMza yaha hai ki Alocya kAvyoM meM sthala-sthala para jIva tattva ubhara kara AyA hai, kahIM kisI rUpa meM to kahIM kisI rUpa meM / jIva ke sAtha hI ajIva tattva bhI ullekhanIya hai / ajIva jIva tattva cetanAyukta hai aura ajIva tattva jar3a hai| jina dravyoM meM caitanya nahIM pAyA jAtA, ve ajIva dravya kahe jAte haiN| ajIva dravya ke pA~ca bheda haiM-pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / pudgala jo dravya pUraNa (vRddhi) aura galana dvArA vividha prakAra se parivartita hotA rahatA hai, vaha pudgala hai| zarIra paudgalika hai aura pudgala rUpa rasa, gandha aura sparza se yukta hai| samasta dRzya jagat isa pudgala kA hI vistAra hai| hama jo kucha khAte haiM, pIte haiM, chUte haiM sUghate haiM, ve saba pudgala kI paryAya haiM / indriyAM, zarIra, mana, indriyoM ke viSaya aura zvAsocchvAsa Adi saba kucha pudgala dravya ke hI vividha pariNamana haiN| saMsArI jIva kA pudgala se abhinna sambandha hai / 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 36, pRSTha 16 / 1. cetana jIva ajIva jar3a, yaha sAmAnya svarUpa / -pAvapurANa, padya 25, pRSTha 141 / pa. paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina dharma, pRSTha 62 / 4. tattvArtharAjavAtika, 5 // 1 // 24 / 5. tattvArthasUtra, 59 /

Page #361
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva jIva aura karma - pudgala - donoM meM bandha kI yogyatA hai / isa yogyatA ke kAraNa jIva aura karma pudgaloM kA prati samaya para guNAkAra pariNamana hotA hai / ' arthAt jIva kI pratisamaya kI pariNati svataMtra na hokara pudgala ke nimitta se hotI hai aura pudgaloM kI pariNati bhI svatantra na hokara jIva ke pariNAmoM ke anurUpa vividha prakAra ke karmarUpa se hotI hai / jIva aura pudgaloM kA yahI bandha hai, yahI pArataMtrya hai / prastuta bandha dazA meM jIva pudgala ke adhIna rahatA hai aura pudgala jIva ke adhIna / Alocca kAvyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki pudgala jIva ke bandhana kA kAraNa hai / karma - pudgaloM ke saMyoga se hI samasta saMsArI jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai / acetana hone para bhI pudgala paramANu apanI zakti se AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiM / yoM to pudgala dravya bahuta prakAra ke haiM, para jo pudgala paramANu AtmA para apane prabhAva kA vistAra karatA hai, use karma kahA jAtA hai / " karma - pudgala jIva kI zivatva - upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hai / karma - pudgala Atma-zatru hai / Atma bodha hone para AtmA jaba dRSTi pasAra kara dekhatA hai to nija para meM bheda sthApita kara letA hai aura anAdikAla se sAtha meM lage karma - pudgaloM se pRthak hone kA prayAsa karatA hai / 1. paMcAdhyAyI, 2 / 130 / 2. 3. 4. rAjakumAra sAhityAcArya : adhyAtma padAvalI, pRSTha 47 / jaga meM jIva anAdi, baMdha saMjoga teM / chUTTo kabahI nAhi, karmaphala bhoga teM // 4. vahI, padya 85, pRSTha 148 / hIrA kumArI : 'jaina darzana: eka ciMtana, gurudeva zrI ratnamunismRti grantha, pRSTha 167 / 7. 371 - pArzvapurANa, padya 61, pRSTha 146 / 5. iha vidhaye karma karata jora / nAhi jAna deta ziva vadhU ora / - cetana karma caritra, padya 76, pRSTha 82 / dekha hi dRSTi pasAri ke, nija para sabako Adi / yaha mere kauna haiM, jar3a se lage anAdi // - zataaSTottarI, padya 5, pRSTha 55 /

Page #362
372 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki pudgala kA sAhacarya jIva ke lie ghAtaka aura usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hai| isI se usakI jJAna-dRSTi para paradA par3A rahatA hai aura apanI carama avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA; isI se vaha karmoM meM Abaddha hotA huA, bhoga-magna hokara durgatiyoM meM bhaTakatA hai| paudgalika jIva agaNita kaSToM aura pApoM kA bhAgI banatA hai, ata: pudgala se pRthak hue binA jIva kA uddhAra sambhava nahIM hai / jIva yadi svayaM ko antardRSTi se dekhatA hai to zuddhAtmatattva prApta kara letA hai, kintu bAhya dRSTi se use paudgalika chAyA ke atirikta kucha prApta nahIM hotaa| jIva samyaka dRSTi se sva-para ke bheda se avagata hokara pudagala rAgAdika kA parihAra kara siddha-samAna ho jAtA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki ajIva tattva ke bhedoM ke antargata pudgala kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai aura dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla eka prakAra se gauNa kahe jA sakate haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla pudgala ke atirikta dharma-adharma bhI ajIva tattva ke bheda haiN| inakA bhaiyA bharama na bhUliye, pudgala ke parasaMga / apano kAja saMvAriye, Aya jJAna ke aMga // Aya jJAna ke aMga, Apa darzana gahi lIjai / kIjai thiratA bhAva, zuddha anumo rasa pIjai // -zataaSTottarI, padya 71, pRSTha 24 / jIva deha basa karma vidha kr| bhoga magana haduragati phirai // -sItA carita, padya 2166, pRSTha 126 // cetana karma caritra, padya 180-81, pRSTha 73 / aMtara kI dRSTi khola cidAnaMda pAiyegA / bAhira kI dRSTi soM paudgalika chAyA hai| zataaSTottarI, padya 60, pRSTha 21 / 5. sUA battIsI, padya 28-26, pRSTha 270 /

Page #363
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAva 373 vivecya kRtiyoM meM vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA / yahA~ saMkSepa meM itanA hI kaha denA abhISTa hai ki dharma-adharma kA artha puNya-pApa nahIM hai| dharma jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM yoga dene vAlA dravya hai| yaha unheM usI prakAra yoga detA hai, jaise jala machalI ko icchApUrvaka vihAra karane ke lie sahArA detA hai| jisa prakAra dharma dravya jIva aura pudgala kI gati ke lie sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti ke lie adharma dravya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai| jaise mArga meM calate hue pathika ko vRkSoM kI chAyA virAma dene kA nimitta hai, vaise hI adharma dravya bhI jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti kA nimitta hai| AkAza jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla ko avagAha (sthAna) detA hai| jIva, ajIva ke sAtha Asrava tattva bhI cintanIya hai / Asrava karmoM ke Agamana ko Asrava kahate haiN| Asrava do prakAra kA haieka bhAvAsrava aura dUsarA dravyAsrava / AtmA ke jina bhAvoM dvArA karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai, vaha bhAvAsrava hai aura karmapudgaloM kA AnA dravyAsrava hai| isa prakAra jaba taka karmAsrava kI dhArA aura bandha-paramparA gatizIla rahatI hai, taba taka jIva kA saMsAra-paribhramaNa samApta nahIM hotA hai| Asrava kI sthiti meM manuSya ko kAna hote hue sunAI nahIM detA, netra 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 67-68, pRSTha 150 / dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 17 / pArzvapurANa, padya 117, pRSTha 152 / *. vahI, padya 128, pRSTha 153 / / (a) tattvArtha rAjavAtika, pRSTha 506, jJAnapITha, kaashii| (ba) jo karmana kara Agamana, Asrava kahiye soya / tAke bheda siddhAMta meM, bhAvita daravita doya // -pAvapurANa, padya 131, pRSTha 154 /

Page #364
374 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hote hue dikhAyI nahIM detA / usake hRdaya se viveka-buddhi palAyana kara jAtI hai aura vaha unmAda kI sthiti ko prApta ho jAtA hai|' bandha ___ do padArthoM ke viziSTa sambandha ko bandha kahate haiM / jaina darzana meM AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA baMdhanA baMdha kahalAtA hai| karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiN| ve samUce loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha ba~dha jAte haiM, yaha usakI baMdha avasthA hai| karmayukta AtmA kA baMdha se koI sambandha nahIM hai| eka bAra AtmA yadi karma-zRMkhalA se mukta ho gayA hai, to phira use karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| karmabaddha (saMsArI) AtmA hI karma-bandhana ke lie uttaradAyI hai|" ____ AtmA ke sAtha baddha karmoM kI karatUta nirAlI hai| inhIM ke phalasvarUpa manuSya kabhI sira para chatra dhAraNa karatA hai to kabhI apanA rUpa hI vicitra banA letA hai| kabhI svarga ke sukha bhogatA hai to kabhI anna ke dAne-dAne ke lie tarasatA hai| baMdha ke sAtha hI saMvara tattva bhI ullekhanIya hai / saMvara ___ AtmA kI ora Ate hue (Asrava) karma-paramANuoM ko rokanA saMvara hai| isase AtmA ke lie mokSa kI bhUmikA taiyAra ho jAtI hai aura yadi vaha Age calakara dRr3hatA pUrvaka nirjarA ko apanA letA hai to phira mokSa dUra nahIM rahatA hai| 1. sItA carita, padya 152, pRSTha 52 / 2. tattvArthasUtra, padya 8, pRSTha 2 / muni zrI nathamala : jaina dharma aura darzana, pRSTha 165 / 4. pArzvapurANa, padya 62, pRSTha 146 / zataaSTottarI, padya 75, pRSTha 25 / .. sItA carita, padya 2542, pRSTha 148 /

Page #365
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripArzva 375 saMvara ke lie mana, vANI aura karma kI svachanda pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai / paMcendriyA~ jIva ko sadaiva pApa-karma meM lipta rakhatI haiN| unakI prIti se jIva ghora duHkha sahatA hai aura lambe kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai / mana indiyoM kA rAjA hai| vaha ATha prahara unheM karma ke lie prerita karatA rahatA hai| indriyoM dvArA mana kI saMgati se viSayoM kI icchA bar3hatI hai, viSayAsakti jIva kI mukti-prApti meM bAdhaka hai / ataH saMvara ke lie rAgAdi se sambandha tor3akara indriyoM se mana mor3akara AtmA se prIti karanI caahie| ___ saMvara ke anya nimitta haiM-hita-mita-priya bacana bolanA, hiMsA kA bahiSkAra karanA, mArdava, Arjaba, zauca (lobhAdi kA parityAga); satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana, brahmacarya Adi kA pAlana karanA, para-vastuoM ko apanA zatru samajha kara unakI anityatA kA cintana karanA, loka meM janma, jarA aura maraNa kI sthiti kA vicAra karanA, saMsAra ke svarUpa aura usake duHkhoM kA vicAra karanA, karmAnava kI prakriyA ko saMsAra bandha kA kAraNa samajhanA, samyak jJAnI banakara tathA samyak dRSTi rakhakara 1. paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 131, pRSTha 250 / 2. prANI Atama dharama anUpa re, jagameM prakaTa cidra pa re // 250-51 / .. yazodhara carita, padya 67 / 5. pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 66 / 5. cetana karma caritra, padya 234-35, pRSTha 78 / zataaSTottarI, padya 33, pRSTha 15 / krodhAdika jabahI karai, baMdha karma taba Ana / parigraha ke saMyoga sauM, baMdha niraMtara jAna / / baMdha abhAvai mukti hai, yaha jAnai saba loya / baMdha heta barataM jahAM, mukti kahA~ te hoya / / -pArzvapurANa, padya 153-54, pRSTha 156 /

Page #366
jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana samyaka AcaraNa karanA tathA tapa-mArga meM Aye hue kaSToM ko zAnta bhAva se sahanA Adi / . isa prakAra 'saMvara' tattva mokSa mArga kA prakAzaka hai| mAnava kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kI saphalatA isI para nirbhara hai / Age calakara 'nirjarA' tattva draSTavya hai| nirjarA mokSa ke do hI hetu haiM--eka saMvara aura dUsarA nirjarA / saMcita karmoM kA AtmA se pRthak ho jAnA (jhar3a jAnA) nirjarA hai| 'saMvara' se yadyapi navIna karmoM kA AnA ruka jAtA hai, tathApi purAtana karma to AtmA meM saMcita hI rahate haiM; unako hI dUra karane ke lie AtmA ko vizeSa prayAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai kyoMki ve eka sAtha AtmA se vilaga nahIM ho jAte, apitu krama-krama se dUra hote haiN| karmoM ke isI krama-krama se dUra hone ko nija rA kahate haiN| karmoM kI yaha nirjarA tapa se hotI hai| saphala nirjarA ke lie Atma-dhyAna arthAt tapazcaryA anivArya hai| tapa hI karma-zRMkhalA chinna-bhinna karake jIva ko muktAvasthA dilavAtA hai| Atma-dhyAna hI sabase bar3A tapa hai aura isI se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / nirjarA ke pazcAt antima tattva mokSa ko liijiye| mokSa bandha ke abhAva kA nAma hI mukti yA mokSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, mokSa kA artha hai karma-bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva aura saMcita karmoM kA nirNa jAsoM sukha tuma kahata ho, soI duHkha nidAna / sabai sukha tapa ke kiye, mAno vacana pramAna // jo sukha cAhai tapa karo, pheri gharai mata jAva / jaisI saMgati kheli ho, taise pari hai dAva // ___-nemicandrikA (zrAsakaraNa), pRSTha 24-25 /

Page #367
naitika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika paripAvaM 377 ho jaanaa|' yahA~ AtmA ananta catuSTaya ho jAtA hai, arthAt ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha Adi se yukta / / ____ mokSa kI dazA meM AtmA pUrNa svatantra hokara apanI anupama AbhA se prabhAsita ho uThatA hai| yahI AtmA kI siddha aura sarvocca avasthA hai / ' yahA~ ke sukha anupameya haiN| yaha akSaya pada hai, jahA~ apanA hI apanA rUpa dikhAyI detA hai| yaha cetana ke lie ziva-sukha svarUpa avicala dhAma hai| yahA~ pahuMcakara vaha anantakAla taka dhra va vizrAma karatA hai; janma-jarA-maraNa ke cakra se sadaiva ke lie chuTakArA pA jAtA hai / ___ yaha pahale kaha Aye haiM ki mokSa ke hetu saMvara aura nirjarA haiM / karmAsrava kA nirodha aura saMcita karma-paramANuoM kI nirjarA ke binA mokSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| saMvara aura nirjarA, donoM ke lie tattvajJAna Avazyaka hai, isake binA mokSa nahIM miltaa| isI se AtmadhyAna hotA hai jisase karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritrya se tattvajJAna hotA hai / ye hI mukti-mArga ke sopAna haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki adhikAMza Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM AtmA kA sthalasthala para vivecana AyA hai| unake praNetAoM kA lakSya bhI Atma-svAtaMtrya pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne AtmA kI svatantra sattA svIkAra kI hai / pudgala paramANuoM se AvRta AtmA saMsAra dazA meM Abaddha rahatA hai (bNdh)| aura baMdha ke kAraNoM ke abhAva se vaha mukta ho jAtA hai (mokss)| mokSa ke lie Ava 1. tatvArtha, sUtra 8.52 / 1. DaoN. mohana lAla mehatA : jaina darzana, pRSTha 156 / 1. zataaSTottarI, padya 12, pRSTha 10 / / 4. jA china apane sahaja hI, cetana karata kilola / tAchina Ana na bhAsa hI, Apahi Apa aDola // -zataaSTottarI, padya 37, pRSTha 16 / 5. cetana karma caritra, padya 284-85, pRSTha 83 / 1. mokSa nahIM bina tattva ke pAye / -zataaSTottarI, padya 11, pRSTha 10 /

Page #368
378 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-pravandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana zyaka hai ki pudgala-Agamana (Astrava) ko rokA jAye (sNvr)| aura jo kAluSya usa para jama cukA hai, use pavitra AcaraNa aura Atma-sAdhanA Adi dvArA dUra kiyA jAye (nirjraa)| yahI mokSa-mArga hai / niSkarSa nIti, dharma evaM darzana viSayaka vivecana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki hamAre kaviyoM ko naitika evaM dhArmika AdarzoM kA skhalana asahya thaa| ve dArzanika na the, kintu unake pAsa apanA eka darzana thA, jisakI abhivyakti unakI kRtiyoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| naitika mUlyoM dvArA unhoMne vyakti ke vyAvahArika AcaraNa para, dhArmika tattvoM dvArA dhArmika AcaraNa para tathA dArzanika vivecana dvArA Atma-svAtaMtrya para bala diyA hai / unake kAvyoM meM ina tattvoM kA samAveza prAya: do rUpoM meM huA hai-(1) pAtroM ke zIlanirUpaNa meM aura (2) svataMtra rUpa se| ye sabhI tattva prabandha ke kathA-paTa meM acchI prakAra gUtha diye gaye haiN| nIti tattvoM kI avatAraNA meM prAyaH sarala zailI, dhArmika vivecana meM sAmAnya aura dArzanika tattvoM ke nirUpaNa meM gambhIra zailI kA vyavahAra huA hai|

Page #369
adhyAya lakSya-saMdhAna

Page #370
lakSya-saMdhAna 381 apitu isalie ki ina meM saMta-pravRtti pradhAna hai| ina kRtiyoM meM yA to 'tirasaThazalAkA' puruSoM kA yazogAna hai;yA Atmatattva kI upalabdhi ke lie rUpakAtmaka aura pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM dArzanika tathA AdhyAtmika rahasyoM kA udghATana hai; yA anyAnya caritroM ke pariprekSya meM zIla evaM AdarzoM kI pratiSThApanA hai| lakSya-saMdhAna kI dRSTi se ina kAvyoM kI vairAgyonmukha pravRtti kA mUla uddezya tatkAlIna avyavasthA se kSata-vikSata sAmantavAda ke bhagnAvazeSa para khar3e trasta aura pIr3ita mAnava ko sphUrti aura utsAha pradAna karake dizAntara meM prerita karanA hai, jIvana-patha meM AcchAdita andhakAra aura nirAzA ko dUra kara usameM AzA kA Aloka bharanA tathA vilAsa jarjara mAnava meM naitika bala kA saMcAra karanA hai| inameM sthala-sthala para jo bhakti kI anavarata gaMgA baha rahI hai, vaha bhI isa bhAvanA ke sAtha ki mAnava apane pApoM kA prakSAlana kara le, apanI AtmA ke kAluSya ko dho DAle aura inameM jo Adarza caritroM kA utkarSa dikhalAyA gayA hai, vaha bhI isalie ki una jaise guNoM ko hRdaya meM utAra le / isa prakAra Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM dharma ke donoM pakSoM (AcAra evaM vicAra) para prakAza DAlate hue mAnava ko yaha bodha karAyA gayA hai ki 'dharma aura caritra hI mAnava jIvana meM aise sabala sahayogI haiM jinake bala para jIvanabhara mAnava saMkaToM se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA aura mAnavatA kI parAjaya kabhI bhI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vastutaH sabhI prabandha dhArmika AsthA se kisI na kisI rUpa meM sampuTita rahe haiM / ___prAyaH pUre prabandhoM meM saMgharSAtmaka paristhitiyoM kA niyojana aura anta meM Atma-svAtaMtrya kI pukAra hai| unake madhya meM aneka lokAdarza samAye hue haiM / lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA unameM sthala-sthala para ubharI hai| vahAM pApa 1. nemicandra zAstrI : hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana / 2. DaoN0 ravIndrakumAra : kavivara banArasIdAsa (jIvanI aura kRtitva), pR0 76 /

Page #371
382 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana para puNya, adharma para dharma aura asatya para satya kI vijaya kA udghoSa hai / unameM aneka aise prasaMga Aye haiM jahA~ hiMsA, krodha, baira, viSayAsakti, parigraha, lobha, kuzIla, durAcAra Adi meM lipta mAnava ko eka yA aneka paryAyoM ( janmoM) meM ghoratama kaSTa sahate hue batalAyA gayA hai aura antata: ahiMsA, akrodha, kSamA, tyAga, alobha, aparigraha, zIla, saMyama, cAritrya Adi kI yatA, pavitratA aura mahattA siddhakara ihaloka aura paraloka ke sAphalya kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai / unakA lakSya rAga nahIM virAga hai; bhautika prema nahIM AdhyAtmika prema hai; bhoga nahIM yoga hai; tapa hai, mokSa hai / saMkSepa meM, caturvarga phaloM meM se dharma aura mokSa kI prApti hai; artha aura kAma upayukta donoM phaloM kI upalabdhi ke sAdhana mAtra haiM / saMkSa epa meM lakSya-saMdhAna kI dRSTi se Alocya racanAoM ko kucha vargoM meM rakhakara unake uddezya kI ora iMgita kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) tIrthaMkaroM kA caritagAna aura unake udAtta caritra se preraNA | (2) AcArapakSa para bala aura naitika AdarzoM kI pratiSThA / (3) dArzanika paripArzva meM zuddhAtma-tattva kA saMdeza | (4) guru-bhakti / (5) anUdita kAvya : dharma pracAra evaM prasAra / tIrthaMkaroM kA caritagAna aura unake udAtta caritra se preraNA 'pArzvapurANa', 'neminAtha carita', 'AdinAtha beli', 'nemicandrikA' ( AsakaraNa), 'nemicandikA' ( manaraMgalAla ), 'nemIzvararAsa', 'neminAtha maMgala' prabhRtti prabandha racanAe~ aisI haiM, jinakA lakSya tIrthakara caritroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM mAnava ko sAMsArika bhogeSaNAoM se nirlipta rakhakara uttarottara Atma-vikAsa ke sopAnoM para car3hate hue mokSa prApta karane ke lie prerita karanA hai / ina prabandhoM ke caritanAyaka tIrthaMkara haiM / ve tattvacintana dvArA

Page #372
lakSya-saMdhAna 383 jIvana-zodhana ke upAyoM kA anveSaNa karate haiM; pUrva janmoM meM agaNita kaSTa sahate hue Atma-vikAsa ke lie satata prayAsa karate haiM; samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra se yukta jIvana vyatIta karate hue tIrthakara bhava (janma) meM karuNA, kSamA, ahiMsA, tyAga, tapa Adi ko dhAraNa kara kevalajJAna prApta karate aura dharmopadeza dete haiM tathA anta meM nirvANa prApta karate haiN| ___ kahanA cAhie ki ukta prabandhoM meM kaviyoM kA uddezya tIrthaMkara caritroM ke atizaya ko prakaTa karanA hai; unake caritra kA utkarSa dikhalAkara aura usameM alaukikatAoM kA samAveza kara mAnava ko unakI bhakti ke lie prerita karanA hai tathA unake caritra ko preraNA kA srota banAnA hai / udAharaNArtha pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko liyA jA sakatA hai / prArambha se hI unakA bhAI unakA pakkA vairI bana jAtA hai; aneka janmoM taka vaha vaira bhAvanA se utprerita hokara unheM kitanI hI yAtanAeM detA hai; unake mArga meM avarodha banakara A khar3A hotA hai; yahA~ taka ki unakI nirmamatApUrvaka hatyA bhI karatA hai / pArzvanAtha Adi se anta taka kSamA kI mUrti bane rahate haiN| unakA caritra hiMsA para ahiMsA aura vaira evaM krodha para kSamA kI vijaya kA pratIka hai / kavi ne kAvyAMta meM nirdeza kiyA hai ki vaira aura kSamA meM se dekha lIjiye ki kauna hitakara hai ?' jo hitakara hai, usI ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa kara lIjiye, arthAt vaira-virodha ko chor3akara maitrIbhAva ko apanAnA hI zreyaskara hai| isI kAvya meM svarga-naraka Adi ke prasaMga kI udbhAvanA ke pIche zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| pApa aura durAcAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa manuSya kA jIva naraka meM pahu~cakara kaisI-kaisI bhayaMkara yAtanAoM se chaTapaTAtA hai, kRta karmoM kA smaraNa kara kitanA pazcAttApa karatA hai-yaha bhAvanA manuSya ko ucchakhala banane se kucha rokatI hai aura use saMyamita karatI hai| eka sImA taka manuSya ko manuSyatA se girane se bacAtI 1. pArzvapurANa, padya 320, pRSTha 174 /

Page #373
384 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana hai / zubha karUMgA, to isa jIvana meM sukha aura yaza milegA aura bhAvI jIvana meM svarga-mokSa milegA-aisI bhAvanA bhI mAnava ke caritrotkarSa meM sahAyaka banatI hai| isI prakAra pArzvapurANa ke tIrthakara rUpa meM mAtA ke garbha meM Ane, janma lene, tapa ko jAne, kevalajJAna hone aura mokSa ko jAne ke samaya jo indrAdi kI upasthiti dharatI para batalAyI gayI hai aura unake dvArA jo bhaktistuti karAyI gayI hai, vaha bhI unake caritra ko AkarSaNa kA kendra banAkara vItarAgI ke prati divya anurAga utpanna karane, ArAdhya kI mahattA aura bhakta kI laghutA ko pratipAdita karane, smaraNa, darzana, stuti Adi dvArA bhakti-bhAvanA ko dRr3ha karane ke lie hii| kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'pArzvapurANa' kI bhAMti ukta prabandhoM meM AtmabhAvoM, jaise-satya, ahiMsA, kSamA, samatA, samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritrya tathA puNya ke sukhAtmaka aura pApa ke duHkhAtmaka pakSa Adi ko ubhAra kara mAnava ko pApa se Darane, puNya-tapa karane evaM zuddha-buddha hone kA sandeza diyA gayA hai| unameM mAnava ke hRdaya meM yaha vizvAsa bharane kA uddezya chipA huA hai ki 'maiM hI kartA haiM, maiM hI bhoktA huuN| merA svabhAva svayaM ananta sukha-jJAna-darzanamaya hai| maiM apanI vastu ko bAhya padArthoM meM khoja rahA thaa| unameM merI vastu kahA~ mila sakatI thI ? kitanI bar3I bhUla thI merI ! aba maiM dekhatA hU~ ki merI samasta zAzvata vibhUti mere hI andara vidyamAna hai / AvazyakatA hai kevala AtmAzrita kriyA ke dvArA usa vibhUti ko AvRta karane vAle kAraNoM ke samUla uccheda kii| jyoM hI ye pratibandhaka kAraNa dUra hoMge, maiM apanI ananta vibhUti kA bhoktA ho jaauuNgaa| ____ sArAMza yaha hai ki ina granthoM kI racanA kA lakSya tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra ke mAdhyama se yaha siddha karanA hai ki pratyeka AtmA dhIre-dhIre sAmAnya avasthA se calakara tIrthaMkara ke pada taka pahu~cakara Atma-vikAsa kI antima koTi ko pA sakatI hai| AcAra pakSa para bala aura naitika AdarzoM kI pratiSThA 'sItA carita', 'yazodhara carita,' 'zreNika carita', 'zIlakathA', 'rAjula

Page #374
lakSya-saMdhAna 385 paccIsI', 'nizi bhojana tyAga kathA', 'baMkacora kI kathA' prabhRti kAvyoM kA lakSya dharma ke AcAra-pakSa para vizeSa bala dete hue zIla, saMyama, ahiMsA, kSamA, vrata, tapa, tyAga Adi ke mahattva evaM Adarza ko rUpAyita karate hue mAnava ke hRdaya para yaha chApa lagAnA hai ki jIvana meM sukha, vaibhava, yaza tathA vijaya kI upalabdhi ke lie inhIM Atma-bhAvoM ko apanA cira sahacara mAnanA hogaa| ___uparyukta kAvyoM meM adhikAMzata: nArI nAyakoM ke mAdhyama se zIla kA aura adhama nArI pAtroM ke mAdhyama se kuzIla kA sarvAMga vivecana huA hai| 'zIla' nArI kA hI nahIM puruSa kA bhI bhUSaNa hai, vaha samasta guNoM meM utkRSTa hai| zIla-mArga para calanA asidhAra para calane ke samAna hai / usa mArga para calate hue jAna ko hathelI para rakhakara Age bar3hanA par3atA hai, bAdhAoM kI zaila-zroNiyoM se TakarAnA par3atA hai; aura paga-paga para pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai jaise ki pAThaka ko sItA, rAjula, manoramA, sukhAnanda Adi ke caritra se avagata karAyA gayA hai / dUsarI ora kuzIla ke samAna koI bhraSTa AcaraNa aura caritra para koI dUsarA kalaMka nahIM hai / usase yadi vaha puruSa hai to puruSa jAti kA aura yadi vaha nArI hai to nArI jAti kA ghoratama apamAna hotA hai / usase klezakAraka karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai aura isa loka meM apamAna aura apayaza tathA paraloka meM narakAdi kA bhAgI bananA par3atA hai, jaise 'yazodhara carita' kI amRtmtii| isI prakAra zIla bhaMga karanA to dUra, usake lie prayAsa bhara karane-karAne kA aparAdha jaghanya aura akSamya hai; usake pariNAma meM usakA hRdaya glAni aura pAzcAtApa se bhara uThatA hai tathA kaThoratama daNDa sahanA par3atA hai, jaise-'pArzvapurANa' meM kamaTha,' 'zIlakathA' meM dUtI, 1. (ka) zIlakathA, pRSTha 78 / (kha) zreNika carita, padya 473, pRSTha 34 / (ga) rAjula paccIsI, padya 14, pRSTha 8 / 2. rAjA ati hI risa kiinoN| sira muDa daMDa bahu dInoM // mukha ke kAlauMsa lagAI / khara ropyo pIra na AI // (kramazaH)

Page #375
386 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana rAjagRha nagara kA rAjakumAra,' haMsadvIpa kI rAjarAnI, 'sItA carita' meM rAvaNa Adi / ___ 'yazodhara carita' aura 'zrINika carita' kA lakSya hiMsA kI bhartsanA aura ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hai| 'nizi bhojana tyAga kathA' tathA 'baMkacora kI kathA' kA lakSya' zIla, saMyama, vratAdi kI mahattA kA nidarzana hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ina prabandhoM ke mAdhyama se mAnava ko AcaraNa kI zreSThatA kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai aura yaha samajhAnA mukhya uddezya rahA hai ki AcAragata pavitratA se jIvana meM sarasatA aura sundaratA barasatI hai, caritra utkarSa ko prApta hotA hai aura AdarzoM kI rakSA hokara mAnavatA kA kalyANa hotA hai| isake viparIta bhraSTa AcaraNa kA phala gahita aura kaSTajanaka hotA hai / bArzanika paripArzva meM zuddhAtma tattva kA saMdeza 'cetana karma caritra' aura 'zataaSTottarI' prabandhakRtiyoM kA lakSya kubuddhi, phira sAre nagara phirAyo / prati bIthI Dhola bajAyo // isa bhAMti kamaThakI khvaarii| dekhe saba hI nara nArI // puravAsI loka dhikAreM / bAlaka mili kaMkara maareN| yoM daMDa diyo ati bhaarii| phira dInoM deza nikArI // jo dIragha pApa kamAye / tatakAla udai bahu Aye // -pAvapurANa, padya 60-63, pRSTha 12 / pakare tAke taba carana sAra / dharatI pai pachAro tIna bAra // phira hAtha pAMya kasake banAya / bA~dhe tAke musakeM car3hAya / / kara Urdhva carana laTakAya dIna / kara nIceko mukha trAsa dIna // -zIlakathA, pRSTha 43 / jIva dayA jahi jAne dharama / nahiM kriyA tahi baMdha karama / / karama baMdha teM naraka nivaas| karama baMdha teM saba suSa nAsa // yAteM saraba duSAM ko mUri / adayA bhAva karo tuma dUri / / -yazodhara carita, padya 410-11 /

Page #376
lakSya-saMdhAna 387 mAyA, lobha, moha, aSTakarma, kAma, bhoga, viSaya, rAga, dva eSa, kaSAya Adi Atma-zatruoM' ko jItakara zivasvarUpa zuddhAtma-tattva kI upalabdhi kA bodha karAnA hai / inameM pratIka aura rUpakoM ke sahAre darzana aura AdhyAtma ke gUr3ha evaM sUkSma tatvoM ke vizleSaNa dvArA zarIra aura saMsAra kI nazvaratA, 3 pravRttimArga ( bhautikavAda ) kI nissAratA tathA AtmA kI zrayatA aura preyatA kA cetana ko bhAna karAyA gayA hai tathA use yaha saMdeza diyA gayA hai ki tU Atma-zatruoM ke vazIbhUta hokara apanA satpatha bhUla gayA hai, aMdhakAra meM daur3a lagAtA huA nAnA kaSTa pA rahA hai / " yaha terA sAdhya 1. 2. kAyAsI ju nagarI meM cidAnanda rAja kareM, mAyAsI ju rAnI pe mohaso hai phaujadAra lobhasa hai vajIra jahA~ magana bahu bhayo hai | krodhaso hai kotavAra, lUTibe ko rahyo hai // -zataaSTottarI, padya 26, pRSTha 14 / 3. bAlapane nita bAlana ke saMga khelyo hai tAkI aneka kathA re 1 jovana Apa ramyo ramanI rasa, sou to bAta vidita yathA re // lAra pare mukha hota vithA re / tU cetata kyoM nahi cetana hAre // - zataaSTottarI, padya 52, pRSTha 16 / laghuthiti mAMhi / vRddha bhayo tana kaMpata Dolata, dekhi sarIra ke lacchana 'bhaiyA' haMsa payAno jagata teM, kIno hari ke cArahi karma ko, sUdhe zipapura jAMhi // tahaM anata sukha zAsvate, vilasati cetana rAya / nirAkAra nirmala bhayo, tribhuvana mukuTa kahAya // 4. Aja suni0 // teM mithyAtva dazA viSaM suni prAnIre, kInheM pApa aneka / bhava anaMta je teM kiye suni prAnIre, rAga dveSa para saMga / Aja suni0 // jJAna neka to ko nahIM suni, taba kIne bahu pApa / Aja suni0 // dAva | Aja suni0 // ve dukhatoko diye haiM suni, jo cUko aba - cetana karma caritra, padya 180-181, pRSTha 73 / 5. - cetana karma caritra, padya 682-83, pRSTha 83 / cetana jIva nihArahu aMtara, saba haiM para kI jar3a kAyA / indra kamAna jyoM megha ghaTA mahiM, sobhata hai pai rahai nahi chAyA || (kramaza:)

Page #377
388 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana nahIM hai| tU apane ghaTa ke paTa khola,' pravRttiyoM ke vikRta rUpa ke prati vidroha kara aura apane zatruoM se pUrI zakti ke sAtha yuddha kara / tU isa mahAyuddha meM vijayI hogA aura apanA khoyA huA rAjya prApta kara ananta sukha kA bhAgI bnegaa| 'paMcendriya saMvAda' prabandhakAvya kA lakSya manuSya ko indriyoM kI dAsatA kI lauha zRMkhalAoM se mukta hone kA pATha par3hAnA hai| kavi ne A~kha, nAka, kAna, rasanA Adi kA mAnavIkaraNa kara inhIM ke pArasparika saMvAdoM dvArA eka dUsare ko apadastha kara inake ahaM ko cUra kiyA hai aura indriyoM ke rena samai supano jima dekhatu, prAta ha saba jhUTha btaayaa| tyoM nadi nAva saMyoga milyo, tuma cetahu citta meM cetana rAyA // -zataaSTottarI, padya 48, pRSTha 16 / vahI, pRSTha 10 / jagata jIta jihi viruda pramAna / pAyo zivagar3ha ratana nidhAna / guNa anaMta kahiye kata nAma / iha vidhi tiSThahi Atama rAma / jina pratimA jaga meM jahaM hoya / siddha nisAnI dekhahu soya / / siddha samAna nihArahu aap| jAteM miTahi sakala saMtApa // nizcaya dRSTi dekha ghaTa mAhiM / siddharu tomahi aMtara nAhiM / / ye saba karma hoMya jar3a aMga / tU 'bhaiyA' cetana savaMga // -cetana karma caritra, padya 88-10, pRSTha 83 / jIbha kahe re AMkhi tU, kAhe garva karAMhi / kAjala kara jo raMgiye, tohU nAhiM lajAMhi // kAyara jyoM DaratI rahe, dhIraja nahIM lagAra / bAta bAta meM roya de, bole garva apAra / / jahAM tahAM lAgata phira, dekha salauno rUpa / tere hI parasAda teM, dukha pAvai cidrUpa // kahA kahU~ dRga doSa ko, mopai kahe na jAhiM / dekha vinAsI vastu ko, bahura tahAM lalacAhiM // --paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 66-66, pRSTha 244-45 /

Page #378
lakSya-saMdhAna 386 svAmI mana kI bhartsanA kara' Atma-tattva ko pahacAnane kA saMdeza diyA hai / yahA~ yaha samajhAne kI ceSTA kI gayI hai ki indriyAdi meM Asakti kA pariNAma vedanA, bhaya, glAni, pazcAtApa evaM nAnA kaSToM ko nimaMtraNa denA hai; aura unakI dAsatA itanI bhayaMkara hai ki jIva abhizApoM se abhizapta hotA jAtA hai / ata: 'sva' ko bhUlakara 'para' kI sevA meM rata rahanA kahA~ kI buddhimAnI hai ? kalyANa isI meM hai ki indriyagata rAga ko chor3akara AtmA se anurAga kiyA jAye / * guru-bhakti yaha 'sUA battIsI' kAvya kA uddezya guru bhakti bhAvanA ko paripakva karanA hai aura bhUle-bhaTake mAnava ko saMdeza denA hai ki guru apane sparza se ziSya rUpI lohe ko zuddha kaMcana banA detA hai / guru kI pIyUSa vANI vismRta kara dene se manuSya kI vaisI hI gati hotI hai, jaisI par3he par3hAye tote kI huI thI / ' guru-vacanoM ke punarmaraNa se vaha agha-jAla se vaise hI mukta 1. 2. vahI, pRSTha 46-50 / 1. 4. mana iMdrI saMgati kiyere, jIva paraM jaga joya / kaise zivapura hoya // viSayana kI icchA bar3here 9. - paMcendriya saMvAda, padya 133, pRSTha 250 / vahI, padya 125 se 131, pRSTha 250 / vahI, padya 134-35, pRSTha 251 / Aye durjana durgati rUpa / pakar3e suaTA sundara bhUpa // DAre dukha ke jAla majhAra / so dukha kahata na Avai pAra || bhUkha pyAsa bahu saMkaTa sahai / paravasa para mahA dukha lahai || aTA kI sudhi budhi saba gii| yaha to bAta aura kachu bhaI // Aya pare dukha sAgara mAhi / aba itateM kitakoM bhaji jAhi / / - sUA battIsI, padya 15-17, pRSTha 268-66

Page #379
360 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana ho sakatA hai, jaise totA mukta huA thA / vastuta: guru saMsAra sAgara se tArane kI tarI hai / ' usakI mahimA kA koI Ara-pAra nahIM hai / 'madhu binduka caupaI' kAvya kA uddezya bhI pAThakoM ke mAnasa meM gurubhakti kI pragAr3ha bhavanA bhAranA hai / guru ke vacanoM ke anukUla AcaraNa na karanA kitanA bhayAnaka hai aura kitanA kaSTaprada, isa tathya ko kavi ne bar3I mArmikatA se nirdezita kiyA hai / ajJAnI puruSa saMsAra ke mahAvana meM bhaTakatA huA aMdhakUpa meM girakara patana kI carama sImA ko pahuMca jAtA hai, viSaya lolupatA ke kAraNa nissIma vedanA ko sahatA hai, kyoMki vaha guru ke saMdeza para kAna nahIM detA / ataH jo viSayAzrita puruSa hai, vaha aMdhakUpa meM par3e hue vyakti kI bhA~ti sadaiva atizaya pIr3A se pIr3ita aura vyAkula rahatA hai| anUdita kAvya : dharma pracAra evaM prasAra lakSya kI dRSTi se anUdita prabandhakAvyoM para bhI vicAra kara lenA 1. 2. suaTA soce hiye majhAra / ye guru sAMce tArana hAra // maiM saTha phiryo karama vana mAhi / aise guru kahu~ pAye nAhiM || aba mo puNya udai kachubhayo / sAMce guru ko darzana layo / guru kI guNastuti bAraMbAra / sumirai suaTA hiye majhAra // sumirata Apa pApa bhaji gayo / ghaTa ke paTa khuli samyaka thayo / - sUA battIsI, padya 27-27, pRSTha 270 / madhu kI bUMda viSai sukha jAna / jiha sukha kAja rahayo hitamAna || jyoMnara tyoM viSayAzrita jIva / iha vidhi saMkaTa sahai sadIva || vidyAdhara tahaM guru samAna / ve upadeza sunAvata kAna // bahu tumahi nikAsahiM vIra / dUra karahiM dukha saMkaTa bhIra / tabahU mUrakha mAne nAhi / madhu kI bUMda viSai lalacAhiM // itanoM dukha saMkaTa saha rahe / suguru vacana suna tajyoM na cahai // taiseM jJAnahIna jiyavaMta / e dukha saMkaTa sahai anaMta // - madhu binduka caupaI, padya 48-51, pRSTha 138-36 /

Page #380
lakSya-saMdhAna ucita hogA kyoMki unakI saMkhyA bhI kAphI hai| unake praNetAoM kA mukhya lakSya dharmabhAvanA kA pracAra aura prasAra karanA rahA pratIta hotA hai| isI hetu unhoMne prAcIna prabandhakAvyoM ko tatkAlIna lokabhASA- brajabhASA meM chandobaddha rUpa meM DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa dizA meM vizeSakara saMskRta ke prabandhoM ko anuvAda rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta ke prabandhakAvyoM ko samajhane kI kSamatA sAdhAraNa par3he-likhe logoM meM nahIM thI, ataH unheM anuvAda dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ke nikaTa lAne kA prazna bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM thaa| isa kArya ke mUla meM nija-para hita kI bhAvanA hI pradhAna rhii| sAtha hI mUlakRtiyoM ke bhAvoM ko surakSita rakhate hue unheM rasAtmaka rUpa meM sAmane rakhane kA barAbara uddezya rahA / isa prakAra 'jIvaMdhara carita', 'jinadatta carita', 'varAMga carita', 'dharma parIkSA' zreNika carita', 'bhadrabAhu carita, harivaMza purANa,' 'pANDava purANa', Adi-Adi aneka prabandhakAvyoM ko jana sAmAnya kI dharohara banAne kA zreya unake praNetAoM ko hai| niSkarSa niSkarSa yaha hai ki lakSya-saMdhAna kI dRSTi se Alocya kAnyoM ko vividha pakSoM meM rakhakara dekhA jA sakatA hai / pratyeka kRtikAra kA jaise mallinAtha maMdira viSa, racyo purAna mahAna / ati pramoda rasa rIti soM, dharma buddhi ura Ana // -zAntinAtha purANa, padya 4651, pRSTha 160 / bhaTTAraka zrI vardhamAna ati hI visAla mati / kiyo saMskRta pATha tAhi samajha na tuchamati // tAhI ke anusAra aratha jo mana meM Ayo / nija para hita suvicAra 'lAla' bhASA kari gaayo|| -varAMga carita, padya 66, pRSTha 83 / 3. jinadatta carita (bakhtAvaramala), padya 112, pRSTha 10 /

Page #381
392 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana svatantra vyaktitva hai, vaise hI usakI kRti kA svatantra lakSya hai| itanA avazya hai ki adhikAMza prabandhakAvyoM meM dhArmika tattva sthala-sthala para jhalaka Aye haiN| unameM bhakti-bhAvanA kA sahaja sanniveza bhI dikhAI detA hai / thor3e se kAvyoM meM Atma-tattva ke nirUpaNa ke lie cintanAtmaka dArzanika bhUmi kA sahArA liyA gayA hai| vaise sabhI kAvya caturvarga meM se dharma aura mokSa ko lakSya meM rakha kara race gaye haiN|

Page #382
upasaMhAra

Page #383
upasaMhAra Alocya prabandhakAvya aise yuga kI dena haiM jisameM darabArI saMskRti aura sAmantI vilAsitA kA bolabAlA thaa| zRgAraparaka muktaka kAvyoM kI sRSTi apane utkarSa ke dina dekha rahI thii| bahuta thor3e prabandhakAvyoM kA udaya apane astitva kI sUcanA detA huA zRMgAra rasa kA hI paripoSaNa kara rahA thA / yadyapi kucha prabandha aura muktaka racanAeM bhakti Adi anya rasoM ko bhI saMpoSita kara rahI thIM, kintu unake vAtAvaraNa meM zRMgArikatA kA hI puTa hotA thA / aise sAhityika vAtAvaraNa kA kAraNa jIvikopArjana meM nihita thaa| kabhI-kabhI yaza-lipsA bhI aise vAtAvaraNa ke lie jimmedAra hotI thii| inake atirikta sAhityika pravRttiyAM aise vAtAvaraNa ke prasAra meM Aga meM IMdhana kA kAma kara rahI thIM isa yuga meM do prakAra ke kavi hote the-eka to ve jo loka-pravAha meM baha rahe the aura dUsare ve jo dhArmika Agraha yA preraNA se kAvya-sRSTi kara rahe the| dUsare prakAra ke kaviyoM kA lakSya dharma-pracAra thaa| isa yuga ke jaina kavi isI taraha ke the / isIlie hama dekhate haiM ki unakI racanAoM meM loka-jIvana kA vaha stara nahIM hai jo usa yuga kA pratinidhi thA, varana hama ina kRtiyoM meM aise jovana ke samparka meM Ate haiM jo dhArmika mor3oM kI saMghaTanA ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai / ataeva yaha kahanA ucita na hogA ki ye racanAe~ sAmAnya jIvana kA nirUpaNa karatI haiM, athavA jana-jIvana ko samakSa rakhatI haiM / inameM to aise jIvana-vRttoM ke udAharaNa haiM jinameM koI dhArmika mor3a . udRtta huA hai| ina kRtiyoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye satya, ahiMsA, prema Adi kI kisI vRtti ko pariNati ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM / yahI unake praNetAoM kA dhArmika lakSya hai; kintu eka bAta spaSTa hai ki Alocya kaviyoM ne vRtti

Page #384
upasaMhAra . 365 pariNatiyoM kI bhUmikA meM aise jIvana ke citra prastuta kiye haiM jisako ve gahita evaM visarjanIya samajhate haiN| jIvana ke ina citroM meM vilAsitA ke citra bhI haiM jisameM bhogavAda kI jhalaka hai, lekina hamAre kavi isako dhArmika utkarSa meM bAdhaka mAnate haiN| __ina kaviyoM kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki inhoMne adhikAMzata: caritakAvyoM kA hI praNayana kiyA hai / ghaTanAoM kA utanA hI samAveza hai jitanA ki kisI caritakAvya ke lie Avazyaka samajhA jAtA hai| ina caritoM meM eka lakSya nihata hai, eka Adarza kalpanA hai jisakI siddhi do paddhatiyoM meM huI hai-eka to tIrthakaroM ke Adarza jIvana ko nirUpita karake aura dUsare, bhogavAdI jIvana meM vRttiparaka mor3a dekr| pahalI paddhati meM Adarza patha hai aura dUsarI meM vaha eka pariNati, eka upalabdhi hai| jina bhUmiyoM para ina kaviyoM ne zRgAra Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vahA~ nagna citra bIbhatsa Adi ke paripArzva meM kevala vRtti-parivartana ke lie aruci kI paristhitiyAM paidA karate haiN| ataeva ina kAvyoM meM kisI yathArthavAdI bhUmikA kI AzA karanA vyartha hai / yaha yahA~ bAta bhI avismaraNIya hai ki ina kaviyoM ne jaina-AsthAoM ke pracAra meM jitanA yogadAna diyA, utanA hI cAritrika utthAna meM bhI diyA / inakI sabase bar3I upalabdhi yaha rahI hai ki ye lokaruci ko sadaiva apane sAmane rakhate rahe aura lokaruci ke prati inakI niSThA meM dharma-pracAra kI bhAvanA bhI nihita thii| loka-saMgIta, loka-chanda aura lokapriya kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se inhoMne sAhitya-sarjanA meM yogadAna diyaa| isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ne samAja, dharma, darzana, sAhitya Adi aneka paripAzvoM meM apanI prabandha-kRtiyoM ko rUpAyita kiyA jinakA niSkarSAtmaka vivecana nIce diyA jAtA hai : samAja isa dizA meM Alocya kaviyoM kI mahattvapUrNa dena hai / pahale adhyAya meM

Page #385
366 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana dekha cuke haiM ki usa samaya samAja ke sAmAnyatayA tIna varga the / tatkAlIna adhikAMza jainetara kaviyoM ne usameM se prAyaH prathama varga ( sAmanta varga) ko hI apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA, arthAt usI ke hAsa - vilAsa evaM manoraMjana ke lie adhikAMza kAvya kA sRjana kiyA, jabaki Alocya kaviyoM ne sampUrNa samAja ko samAna dRSTi se dekhA aura usake prAyaH sabhI vargoM aura aMgoM ko apane prabandhoM meM citrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / ye kavi samAja meM vyApta ghuTana aura utpIr3ana ko dUra kara eka aise samAja kA sRjana karanA cAhate the, jise svastha aura Adarza kahA jA sake / kahanA cAhie ki ina kaviyoM kA kAvya lokapariSkaraNa aura lokamaMgala ke lie hai / inhoMne isake dvArA mAnava ko asat pravRttiyoM se hAtha khIMcakara sat pravRttiyoM kI ora jhukane ke lie prerita kiyA aura yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA ki anAtma bhAvoM meM lipta manuSya ko Arambha se anta taka kI jIvana-yAtrA meM asahya vedanAoM se vyathita honA par3atA hai, ataH Atma-bhAvoM ko apanAne meM hI use jIvana meM sukha, zAnti aura saphalatA mila sakatI hai aura isa jIvana ke sAtha hI usakA bhAvI jIvana bhI ujjvala ho sakatA / isa prakAra unhoMne satya, ahiMsA, mArdava Adi se cyuta manuSya ko manuSyatA kA pATha par3hAne kA prayAsa kiyA tathA ina sabase Upara inhoMne maMgalAzA se bharakara AtmA kI bandha avasthA ke sthAna para muktAvasthA kA citra sAmane rakhA / itanA hI nahIM, sAmAjika sambandhoM ke madhura rUpa kI ora bhI inakI dRSTi gayI hai / inake kAvyoM se samAja ke vividha sambandhoM para sundara prakAza par3atA hai| unameM rAjA prajA, pitA-putra, bhAI-bhAI, pati patnI, svAmI sevaka Adi ke madhya AtmIyatA ke bhAva ko vizeSa mahattA dI gayI hai / unameM sthala-sthala para pArasparika kartavya kI ora iMgita karate hue naitika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA para bala diyA gayA hai / vastuta: unake praNetAoM kA sArA prayAsa svastha samAja kI sarjanA kI dizA meM rahA hai / ye samAja ko vyavasthita rUpa dene ke abhilASI the /

Page #386
upasaMhAra 367 dharma ___ samAja ke atirikta ina prabandhakAvyoM ne dhArmika jagat ko bhI kama prabhAvita nahIM kiyA hai| AlocyakAla meM dharma arakSita ho gayA thaa| islAma aura IsAI dharma bhArata para hAvI hote jA rahe the / aise samaya meM inhoMne dharma-saMrakSA kI eka dizA dI, Atma-vikAsa meM bAdhaka tattvoM ke sthAna para sAdhaka tattvoM ko apanAne kA saMdeza diyA / kahanA na hogA ki ye kavi apane kAvyoM meM dharma ko bahuta mahatva dete rahe / inhoMne dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM ke anukUla AcaraNa karane ke lie zraddhA, vizvAsa aura AcAramUlaka aneka tattvoM ko samAja ke sAmane rakhA; dhArmika pariveza meM svakartavya aura sadAcAra ko vizeSa mahattva diyA / samAja dharmabhIru banA rahe tathA satpatha kI sImAoM evaM naitika vidhi-vidhAnoM meM baMdhA rahe, isa hetu inhoMne zubhAzubha karma aura usake phala, punarjanma, svarga-naraka Adi ke citroM ko rUpAyita kiyA tAki manuSya apane dharma (kartavya) aura manuSyatA ke Adarza ko bhulA na baitthe| - ina kaviyoM dvArA bhakti-mArga bhI puSTa huaa| inake adhikAMza kAvyoM meM tIrthakaroM kI 'paMcakalyANaka' stutiyoM ke rUpa meM bhakti-bhAvanA kA unmeSa dikhAyI detA hai| unameM inake darzana, kIrtana aura smaraNa ke prasaMga ko aneka sthaloM para doharAyA gayA hai; ArAdhya kI mahattA aura bhakta kI laghutA ke nirUpaNa dvArA bhaktibhAva ko utkarSa taka pahuMcAyA gayA hai| paMca namaskAra (arhata, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhuoM kI vaMdanA) meM bhI bhakti audAtya nidazita hai / guru-bhakti to ina kaviyoM kI jaise sabase bar3I thAtI hai| darzana dharma darzana se jur3A huA hai| sabhI Alocya kavi bhakta the, para sabhI dArzanika nhiiN| yadyapi ina sabhI kaviyoM kA kAvya prakArAntara se dArzanika

Page #387
368 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana pRSThabhUmi para AdhRta hai, para isase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye darzanakAra the, phira bhI aneka kaviyoM kI prabandhakRtiyA~ tattvacintana aura dArzanika nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se bhI utkRSTa bana par3I haiN| ___ Alocya adhikAMza prabandhakAroM ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya aura pApa ko paramparA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| inhoMne Atma-tattva (jIva kI vibhinna avasthAoM) ke citraNa dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai| karma pudgaloM ke Agamana se AtmA vikArI bhAvoM se saMyukta ho jAtA hai aura unase mukti pAne para vaha apanI vAstavika avasthA (muktAvasthA) ko prApta kara letA hai| sAhitya samAja, dharma, darzana ke alAvA Alocya kaviyoM kI sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI upalabdhi yA~ haiM / yugIna prabandhakAvya-dhArA meM inakA vizada yogadAna hai| inake dvArA purANa, carita, rAsa, caupaI, veli, maMgala, byAha, kathA, candrikA, saMvAda, chanda saMkhyA (zataaSTottarI, rAjula paccIsI) Adi vividha nAmoM ke AdhAra para prabandhakAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai| inameM varNanapradhAna, bhAva-pradhAna, geyAtmaka, samanvayAtmaka Adi sabhI prakAra ke prabandhakAvya zAmila haiN| ina kAvyoM meM adhikAMza caritAtmaka haiM aura caritAtmaka kAvyoM kI paramparA meM hamAre kaviyoM kI yaha sabase bar3I dena hai| vAstava meM ye kAvya bhaviSya ke lie dIpa-staMbha kA kAma karate haiM / Alocya prabandhakAvyoM meM mahAkAvya bhI haiM, ekArthakAvya aura khaNDakAvya bhii| bhUdharadAsa kRta 'pAvapurANa' aura nemicandra kRta 'nemIzvara rAsa' apane yuga ke mahAkAvya haiN| yaha yuga mahAkAvya-vihIna-sA hai, ataH isa dRSTi se inakA mahattva aura bar3ha jAtA hai / inameM mahAkAvyocita garimA, gAMbhIrya, udAttatA evaM rasavattA vidyamAna hai| phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye mahAkAvyaviSayaka samasta vizeSatAoM se sampRkta haiN| abhAva kI chAyA inameM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| jo ho, mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA meM inakA apanA sthAna hai|

Page #388
upasaMhAra 366 ina kaviyoM dvArA mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha hI ekArthakAvya bhI race gaye jinameM kavi lakSmIdAsa kRta 'yazodhara carita' aura 'zreNika carita,' rAmacandra 'bAlaka' kRta 'sItAcarita' Adi isa yuga kI acchI kalAkRtiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI haiM | Alocya yuga meM mahAkAvya aura ekArthakAvyoM ke atirikta jo khaNDakAvya likhe gaye, ve ina donoM kI apekSA saMkhyA meM adhika haiM / inameM nayIpurAnI donoM prakAra kI zailiyoM ke khaNDakAvya milate haiM / nayI zailI meM race gaye kAvya apane yuga ke anya khaNDakAvyoM se alaga hI lagate haiM / ve prAyaH bhAvAtmaka haiM aura unameM geya zailI ( gItiparakatA) ko apanAyA gayA hai, jaise--- vinodIlAla viracita 'rAjula paccIsI', 'neminAtha maMgala' Adi / isI prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta 'cetana karma caritra', 'zataaSTottarI', 'sUA battIsI,' 'madhubinduka caupaI' jaise khaNDakAvya dArzanika bhUmi para AdhArita haiM aura rUpaka evaM pratIka zailI meM race gaye haiM / ina kAvyoM meM darzana kA gUr3ha rahasya kAvya ke dharAtala para vyAvahArika rUpa meM utara kara AyA hai / zailIgata navyatA bhI unameM sthala-sthala para jhalakatI hai / uccakoTi ke khaNDakAvyakAroM meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke atirikta vinodIlAla, AsakaraNa aura bhArAmalla kA nAma samAdaraNIya hai / vinodIlAla ke khaNDakAvyoM (nemi byAha, neminAtha maMgala, rAjula paccIsI Adi) meM kavi kA anubhUtimaya saMsAra sAkAra huA hai / unameM kRtikAra ke prANoM kA spandana sammohana chabi ke sAtha bAhara utarA hai; anubhUti kI saghanatA meM ghanIbhUta bhAvoM ko abhivyakti milI hai / ve gItikAvya ke nikaTa haiM aura apane laghu kalevara meM bhI divya haiM, manohara haiM / kavi AsakaraNa viracita 'nemicandrikA' khaNDakAvya tatkAlIna prabandhasAhitya meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / geya tattva kI pradhAnatA, tIvra bhAvAnviti, caritrotkarSa evaM mahAn uddezya ke kAraNa vaha amara hai / bhArAmalla kavi kI 'zIlakathA' samanvayAtmaka khaNDakAvyoM meM acchI

Page #389
400 jaina kaviyoM ke brajabhASA-prabandhakAvyoM kA adhyayana kRti hai / varNana, ghaTanA evaM bhAva ke samanvaya tathA mahimAmayI uddezya ke kAraNa prastuta khaNDakAvya bhI utkRSTa ThaharatA hai| jahA~ taka Alocya prabandhakAvyoM ke bhAva-kSetra kA sambandha hai, vaha bhI saMkucita dikhAyI nahIM detA hai| unameM bhAva to prAyaH ve hI haiM, jinase mAnava hRdaya vilor3ita hotA AyA hai| prema aura rati ke citra bhI unameM Akalita haiM, kintu zRMgAra ke ina citroM ko pravRtti ke sthAna para nivRtti meM prazraya milA hai| unameM nirveda, bhakti, karuNA, utsAha Adi ke citra adhika ubhare haiM / unakA pramukha rasa zAnta hai aura usake pazcAt bhakti / unameM bhaktikAla kI zAnta evaM bhakti rasadhArA barAbara bahatI huI pratIta hotI hai| __Alocya kaviyoM kI bhASA-zailI ke kSetra meM bhI viziSTa dena rahI hai| inake kAvyoM meM brajabhASA ke sahaja aura kalAtmaka donoM rUpa milate haiN| loka-jIvana se viziSTa zabdoM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM evaM upamAnoM Adi kA cayana kara bhASA kI samRddhi meM samucita yoga diyA hai| ___ bhASA ke alAvA kaviyoM kI zailI bhI vicAra kA avasara detI hai| inake dohA, caupaI, savaiyA, kavitta, chappaya Adi priya chanda rahe haiN| inakI adhikAMza kRtiyoM meM 'cAla' chanda kA prayoga zailI ke kSetra meM eka nayI dizA detA hai| isI prakAra inakI aneka kRtiyoM meM sthala sthala para rAgarAginiyoM ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna deziyoM meM 'DhAla' kA vyavahAra inakI dezI saMgIta ke prati abhiruci ko pradarzita karatA hai / DhAloM meM loka tattva ubharA huA dikhAyI detA hai| unameM loka-saMgIta kA vidhAna aura Teka zailI kA prayoga bahuta hI mArmika lagatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki vidvAnoM dvArA Alocya prabandhakAvyoM kA prabandhakAvya-paramparA' meM cAhe jo sthAna nirdhArata kiyA jAye, kintu itanA avazya hai ki unameM cintana kI, AcAragata pavitratA kI, sAmAjika maMgala evaM AtmotthAna kI vyApaka bhUmikA samAviSTa hai| dhArmika dRSTi se to ye kAvya avismaNIya haiM hI, sAhityika dRSTi se bhI ye kama ullekhanIya nahIM

Page #390
pariziSTa grantha-sUcI