Jain Kathao ka Sanskrutik Adhyayan

Publisher: ZZZ Unknown
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010268/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

Page #2
AtmA hI apane duHkhoM aura sukhoM kA kartA tathA bhoktA hai acche mArga para calanevAlA AtmA apanA mitra hai aura bure mArga para calanevAlA AtmA zatru hai / -cIra vANI hanumAnamala beMgAnI 12, iNDiyA eksaceMja plesa kalakattA-1

Page #3
* maMgalAcaraNa * OM Namo arihaMtANaM OM Namo siddhANaM OM Namo AyariyANaM OM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savva sAhaNaM eso paMca NamokAro, savva pAvappaNAsaNo maMgalANaMca savvesiM par3hamaM havvaI maMgalam -OM namo COVER Stele of black basalt carved with seated Risabhanath and Tirthankar's standing in Kayotsarga, Circa 10th century AD. Sat Deuliya Burdwan, West Bengal. Courtesy .-Director of Archaeology, West Bengal Block : Jain Bhawan, Calcutta

Page #4
With Best Compliments from . Usha Martin Black (Wire Ropes) Ltd. . 14, PRINCEP STREET, CALCUTTA-13 Manufacturers of QUALITY STEEL WIRE ROPES AND STEEL WIRES

Page #5
zubha kAmanAyeM rASTrapati sacivAlaya, rASTrapati bhavana, naI dillI-4 satyameva jayate patrAvalI saM08-ema/73 mArca 26, 1973 priya mahodaya, rASTrapati jI ke nAma bheje 22 mArca, 1973 ke Apake patra se yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI samAroha samiti, kalakattA dvArA mahAvIra jayantI 15 aprela, 1973 ko manAyI jA rahI hai| jayantI samAroha kI saphalatA hetu rASTrapati jI apanI zubhakAmanAyeM bhejate haiN| bhavadIya, re0 ke0 rAghavarAva rASTrapati kA apara nijI saciva

Page #6
"GOVERNOR OF MYSORE rAja bhavana beMgalora 22 mArca 1973 satyameva jayate priya zrI kamala kumArajI, ApakA tA0 17 mArca kA patra mujhe prApta huaa| tA0 15 aprela ko maisUra rAjya ke do sthAnoM para isa avasara para sammilita hone ko mai bahuta pahale svIkRti de cukA hai, ataH isa avasara para - merA vahA~ A sakanA sambhava nahIM hogA, isake liye kSamA cAhatA huuN| Apa logo ne isa yogya samajhA usake liye mai ApakA vahata AbhArI huuN| zeSa kuzala / ApakA mohanalAla sukhADiyA ASSISTANT SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR WEST BENGAL Raj Bhavan, Calcutta, The 23rd March, 1973 D.O. No. 1571-G satyameva lagate Dear Sir, Please refer to your letter dated the 22nd March, 1973, inviting the Governor to attend, as Guest-in-chief, the Bhagwan Mahavira Jayanti Celebrations to be held on the 15th April, 1973 at 7 pm. under the auspices of the Bhagwan Mahavira Jayanti Samaroha Samiti, Calcutta I am desired to thank you for the kind invitation and to say that the Governor regrets very much his inability to accept the invitation to attend the function on that day due to other engagements. - The Governor, however, sends his good wishes for the success of the Mahavira Jayanti Celebrations to be held by your Samiti. Yours faithfully A K. Banerjee Asstt. Secretary to the Governor, West Bengal

Page #7
CHIEF MINISTER satyameva jara Dear Shri Jain, I have received your letter dated the 7th March, 1973 inviting me to be the Chief Guest of Bhagwan Mahavira Jayanti Celebrations, for which I thank you. I regret, it will not be possible for me to come to Calcutta due to prior engagements. With good wishes, Bhopal No. 1831 C..M.S. Dated 3rd April 1973 priya zrI kamalakumAra jaina, ApakA tA0 17 mArca kA patra milA / dhanyavAda / ke lie mujhe Amantrita kiyA isake lie bahuta AbhArI hU~ / kalakattA na A sakU~gA / kSamA kare / Your sincerely, P. C. Sethi jIvana kuTIra vardhA ( mahArASTra ) 26 mArca, 1673 Apane jena kAnphrensa ke udghATana kintu mujhe duHkha hai ki meM apraila meM vinamra zrImannArAyaNa

Page #8

Page #9
prativedana bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2571 kI jayantI ke avasara para smArikA prakAzita karate huye parama prasannatA ho rahI hai / smArikA ke liye Aye, prAyaH sabhI lekha va kavitAe~ prakAzita kI gaI hai para kucha lekho ko sthAna kI kamI tathA vilamba se Ane ke kAraNa prakAzita nahI kiyA jA sakA, jisake liye una lekhaka bandhuo se kSamA cAhate hai / lekha prAyaH yathAvat prakAzita kiye gaye haiM / kaI lekho ko sthAnIya aMgrejI, hindI, baMgalA va urdU patroM meM chApane ke liye bhI bhejA gayA hai aura AzA hai, kaI patro me lekha prakAzita hoge / pratyeka varSa kI taraha gata varSa bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2570 kI jayantI baDI dhUma-dhAma se manAI gaI / saptAha vyApI kAryakrama kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thA / caitra zuklA trayodazI vI saM0 2467 tadanusAra tA0 27-372 ko jo zrI jaina vidyAlaya meM zrI vijayasiMha nAhara ( bhUtapUrva pazcima baMgAla rAjya upa mukhyamantrI ) kI adhyakSatA meM eka Ama sabhA kI gii| pradhAna atithi zrI rAmakRSNajI sarAvagI, rAjya mantrI pazcima baMgAla ne kahA thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta Aja bhI utane hI mahatvapUrNa hai jitane ki 2500 sAla pahale aura agara unake upadezo va siddhAnto ko apanA liyA jAya to sAre samAja, rASTra va vizva kA bhalA ho jAya / pradhAna vaktA zrI sumerucanda divAkara "nyAyatIrtha" ne kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aparigraha va syAdavAda ke siddhAnta ko apanAyA jAve to vizva me zAnti zIghra sambhava hai / DA0 rAmacandra adhikArI ne batAyA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra eka vaijJAnika the / P adhyakSa zrI vijayasiMha nAhara ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko zraddhAMjali arpita karate huye kahA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2500 vI nirvANa zatAbdI ke upalakSa meM jahA~-jahA~ bhagavAn kA padArpaNa huA vahA~ racanAtmaka kArya kara janatA ko bhagavAn ke upadezo kA smaraNa karavAnA cAhiye / . bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500 vA~ nirvANotsava bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 vaoN nirvANa mahotsava ke sambandha meM vicAra-vimarza hetu zrI jaina sabhA ke tatvAvadhAna meM kaI bAra sabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA para abhItaka koI sakriya kAryakrama nahI huA hai| prayAsa jArI hai| aura zIghra hI prAntIya stara para eka kAnphreMsa bulAne kA progrAma hai / rASTrIya samiti ke gaThana ko prAyaH eka varSa ho cukA hai para usake dvArA abhI taka koI racanAtmaka kArya / isa sandarbha meM pazcima baMgAla meM rAjya stara para samiti kA gaThana bhI abhItaka nahI huA hai / hai nahI huA bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke liye kaI sujhAva haiM jaise yahA~ para jaina kAleja, chAtrAvAsa va aspatAla banAye jA~ya / kalakattA va vardavAna vizvavidyAlaya ke jaina darzana kI ceyara kI sthApanA ho / maidAna meM mahAvIra kA eka ma cihna ho / jaina kalA mUrtiyo kA citra, prAcIna jaina citra, zilpa, hastalikhita jaina grantho kI pradarzanI

Page #10
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM: Auckland Jute Company Ltd. Chartered Bank Building I INDIA EXCHANGE PLACE, CALCUTTA-I. MANUFACTURERS OF JUTE GOODS

Page #11
kI jaay| jenetara logo ke liye choTI-choTI pustake sulabha bhASA me chapavAkara vitarita kI jAya / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana para citro va lekho kA saMkalana kara use prakAzita kiyA jaay| agale varSa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500 vaoN nirvANotsava manAnA hai, samaya kama hai| ataH samasta jaina samAja ko saMgaThita hokara isa kArya ko zIghra Arambha kara denA caahiye| sAmUhika kSamapanA sammelana ravivAra tA0 24 disambara 1672 ko prAtaH kalakatte ke maidAna (zahIda minAra ) meM zrI jaina sabhA ke tatvAvadhAna me-zrI vijayasiha nAhara kI adhyakSatA meM sAmUhika kSamApanA sammelana kA virATa Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isameM dasa hajAra se adhika vyakti upasthita the| vibhinna jaina sampradAya ke kaI sAdhu-sAdhvI bhI isa sammelana meM upasthita the| sammelana ke eka dRzya kA citra isa smArikA meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| vividha smArikA ke liye bhejane vAle lekhako va vijJApana dAtAo ke hama AbhArI hai| zrI jaina bhavana ke sahayoga se smArikAmeM pazcima bagAla, uDIsA va tAmilanADu ke prAcIna citra prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| smArikA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAnto ke pracAra hetu prakAzita kI jA rahI hai aura AzA hai hamArA yaha prayAsa saphala hogA / sthAnIya patro ke bhI hama AbhArI hai jisameM lekha chapa rahe haiM tathA jo samaya-samaya para isa sambandha meM sUcanA prasArita karate rahate haiN| anta meM samiti ke padAdhikAriyo va sadasyo kA bhI mai AbhArI hU~ jinake sahayoga se mahAvIra jayantI samAroha sambandhita kArya va smArikA kA prakAzana, sambhava ho sake haiN| kamalakumAra jaina saMyojaka

Page #12
With Best Compliments from: SANCHETI BROTHERS 12, OLD COURT HOUSE STREET, CALCUTTA-7.

Page #13
Educational PERS zrImahAvIra jayantI ' Post bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI samAroha kI Ama sabhA maMca para bAMye se dAyeM sarvazrI rAmakRSNa sarAvagI (upamantrI pazcima baMgAla) DA0 rAmacandra adhikArI, zrIbijaya siMha nAhara (bhUtapUrva upamukhya mantrI pa0 baMgAla) pro0 zrI kalyANamala lor3hA, zrI sumerucanda divAkara evam zrI rAmacandra siMghI

Page #14
14 SA . S E . 1534 HAP11101 reewana Ca / HTam-c1.- DParon . 5AM AVM . Pra zahIda minAra ke maidAna meM Ayojita sAmUhika kSamApanA sammelana ( 24, sitambara 1972) kA eka dRzya -

Page #15
bhagavAna mahAvIra, vizva cintana aura vaijJAnika sandarbha ___-DA0 gokulacandra jaina bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake cintana kA adhyayana aba taka dhArmika pariveza meM huA hai| merI samajha se adhyayana kA yaha eka pakSa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake cintana ko pUrI taraha samajhane ke lie unakA adhyayana vizva cintana tathA vaijJAnika sandarbho me kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra kA janma IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI me huA thaa| yaha yuga sampUrNa vizva ke lie vicAra-krAnti kA yuga thaa| bhArata meM bhagavAn mahAvIra, mahAtmA buddha tathA kucha anya mahApuruSo ne IzvaravAda kI abUjha pahelI tathA dharma me kendrita sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika jIvana ke viruddha AvAja uThAyI thii| cIna me lAotse aura kanphyaziyasa ne vicAra kSetra me krAnti paidA kara dI thii| grIsa meM sukarAta, pAithAgorasa aura pleTo ne krAnti kI AvAja bulanda kara rakhI thii| IrAna yA parasiyA me jarathustra cintana ko nayI dizA de rahe the| anya dezo me bhI cintana kI dhArA prakRti ke adhyayana se haTakara vyakti aura sAmAjika jIvana kI samasyAo ko adhyayana kI ora muDa gayI thii| ina mahApuruSoM ke cintana kA adhyayana vizva-darzana kI AdhAra-bhUmi ke rUpa me kiyA jAtA hai| ve vizva ke mahAna dArzanika mAne jAte hai| mahAvIra kA adhyayana abhI taka isa prakAra ke vyApaka sandarbha me nahI huaa| merI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki mahAvIra ne jo cintana diyA usakA sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika jIvana se gaharA sambandha hai| yadi mahAvIra ne mAtra dharma ko hI nayA rUpa diyA hotA, to mahAvIra ko jitanI baDI saphalatA apane jIvana me apane mizana yA tIrtha ko vyApaka rUpa dene meM milI, vaha kadApi sambhava nahI thii| isase bhI mahattvapUrNa hai mahAvIra ke vAda paccIsa sau varSoM se calI A rahI unakI jIvanta prmpraa| yadi sAmAjika jIvana ko mahAvIra kA cintana samagra rUpa se vyApta na karatA, to itanI lambI avadhi taka una kA calanA sambhava nahIM thaa| mahAvIra ke samaya me buddha ke atirikta aura bhI paoNca mahApuruSa bhArata meM krAnti kA vIDA uThAye hae the| unako bhI gaNanAyaka, saMghanAyaka, tItheGkara, bahujanasevI, yazasvI Adi kahA gayA hai| kintu iname se kisI ke bhI cintana kI jIvanta paramparA Aja maujUda nahIM hai / , adhikAMza to apane zAstA ke jIvanakAla me hI mataprAya ho gaye the| jo Age cale, ve bhI thoDe samaya bAda samApta ho gye| mahAtmA baddha ko apane kAla meM jitanI saphalatA milI usase bhI adhika vyApaka prasAra vAda ke yugo meM laa| samATa azoka ne bauddha dharma ke pracAra ke lie saMsAra vyApI prayala kiye| isa sabake bAvajUda jisa deza meM aura jahaoN para unhone apane mizana kI sthApanA kI, vahI para vaha nAma zeSa ho gyaa| isakA vaDA kAraNa soyahI pratIta hotA hai ki buddha ke cintana ne sAmAjika jIvana ko samagra rUpa se vyApta nahI kiyA thaa| ina bAto ko dhyAna meM rakhakara mahAvIra ke cintana kA adhyayana karane ke lie kucha AdhAra sUtra isa prakAra tosate haiM

Page #16
Be not angry when smitten, nor fly into a rage when abused With Best Compliments from, PUKHRAJ PAWANKUMAR 55, NALINI SETT ROAD, CALCUTTA-7 Telegram: SETHIJEE Phone, 33-3926

Page #17
-vargavihIna samAja racanA mahAvIra ke yuga meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra, ina cAra vargoM meM samAja baeNTA thaa| samAja racanA ke ye nAdhAra vindu the / janma ke AdhAra para U~ca-nIca kA varga-bheda tIvra thA / mahAvIra ne kahA-vaha samAja kaisA, jisameM AdamI AdamI ke nikaTa na A sake / vaha samAja racanA kesI, jisameM jAti aura kula ko U~ca aura nIca hone kA AdhAra banAyA jAya ? mAnava mAtra kI jAti eka hai-mAnava jAti, pazuo kI taraha usameM gau aura azva kA bheda nahI kiyA jA sktaa| kArya ke AdhAra para samAja vyavasthA honI cAhie / varga-vihIna samAja rcnaa| 2-vyakti kI pratiSThA ___ vyakti samAja kI sabase mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga me IzvaravAdI cintana ke kAraNa vyakti kA astitva samApta hotA jA rahA thaa| Izvara kI kRpA yA akRpA para usakA jIvana nirbhara ho gayA thaa| mahAvIra ne kahA-isa prakAra ke kisI Izvara ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahI, jo viSamatApUrNa vizva ko banAye aura saphAI ke lie kahe ki yaha to apane-apane karmoM ke AdhAra para banAyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA-AtmA svayaM paramAtmA hai / vaha apanA Izvara svayaM hai| apane Izvaratva ko pahacAno aura paramAtmasvarUpa ko pAne kA prayatna kro| apane kiye kA phala svayaM bhoganA hogaa| isalie satkarma kro| mahAvIra ke isa cintana ne vyakti ko jo Atmabodha karAyA, vaha sAmAjika jIvana kA mUla AdhAra bnaa| 3- yajJoM kA virodha mahAvIra ke yuga me yajJa dhArmika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika jIvana ke kendra vindu the| yajJa mUlaka saMskRti ne samAja ke Arthika jIvana ko pUrNa rUpa se astavyasta kara diyA thaa| isalie mahAvIra ne kahA ki aise yajJo se kyA lAbha jo samAja ko ujADeM / jIvana ke lie upayogI sAmagrI ko agni me jalAne meM dharma nahI ho sktaa| mahAvIra ke isa yajJa virodha se samAja ke Arthika jIvana ko bar3A bala milaa| 4-vicAra mUlaka AcAra samAja vyavasthA ke lie hI mahAvIra ne anekAnta kA cintana aura aNuvrata kI AcAra saMhitA dI / unakA AcAra-vicAra mUlaka thA / vaha sabake lie samAna thaa| usameM vargabheda nahI thaa| 5-rAjanItika jIvana mahAvIra ne kahA-jo apanA zAsana nahI kara sakatA, vaha dUsaro kA prazAsana kyA kregaa| yuddha meM hajAro yonAo ko jItane kI apekSA apane-Apa ko jItanA mahattvapUrNa hai| unhone kahA-jisa prakAra phUlo ko kaSTa pahu~cAye binA bhaurA phUlo se rasa le letA hai, usI prakAra apanA bhAgadeya grahaNa karanA caahie| mahAvIra svayaM rAjaputra the| usa yuga ke prasiddha aura prabhAvaka rAjya parivAro se unakA ghaniSTa sambandha bAja ceTaka tathA zreNika vimbasAra unake nikaTa sambandhI the / isa sabake kAraNa bhI rAjanItika jIvana para mahAvIra ke cintana kA vizeSa prabhAva paDA / mahAvIra ke cintana kA ina sandI me adhyayana karane para mahAvIra eka bahuta bar3e samAjazAstrI ke rUpa meM

Page #18
With best Compliments from MAKERS CORPORATION GOVT. CONTRACTORS & GENERAL ORDER SUPPLIERS Office. 23/24, RADHA BAZAR STREET, CALCUTTA-1 57-3549 Phoue Resi : 57-3852 45-3453 Phone: 22-9623 Works. 1/4C, KHAGENDRA NATH CHATTERJEE ROAD, CALCUTTA-2 Phone: 56-2533 & 56 2041 7

Page #19
hamAre sAmane Ate hai unakA cintana eka aisA samAja zAstrIya darzana prastuta karatA hai, jo deza aura kAlA kA sAmAnA / se pare haiN| mAnava mAtra ke lie hai| sAre vizva ke liye hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cintana kA adhyayana aba isa dRSTikoNa se kiyA jAnA cAhie / vizva ke dArzaniko ke cintana ke sAtha mahAvIra ke cintana kA adhyayana karake vizva kalyANa ke lie mahAvIra ke cintana kA amRta prastuta karanA caahie| dUsarI vAta vaijJAnika sandabhoM kI hai| yaha aura adhika mahatvapUrNa hai isa viSaya me do vAte dhyAna meM rakhanI hogii| eka yaha ki mahAvIra kI paccIsa sau varSoM meM vyApta paramparA ke sAhitya me jo vaijJAnika tathya upalabdha hote hai, unakA adhyayana kiyA jaaye| dUsare yaha ki seddhAntika mAnyatAo kA prAyogika adhyayana kiyA jaaye| udAharaNa ke lie kucha viSaya ye haiM 1: loka kI racanA ke viSaya me vAtavalaya kA siddhAnta bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| tIna vAtavalaya isa vizva ke AdhAra vatAye gaye hai| antarikSa kI khoja se vAtavalayoM kI mAnyatA thoDI-thoDI samajha me A jAtI hai| isakA pUrA adhyayana kiyA jAye to AntarikSa yAtrA ke naye AyAma khula sakate haiN| loka ke svarUpa kI jo mUlabhUta mAnyatA thI, saMbhavatayA bAda ke vyAkhyA gratho me vaha DUba gayI hai| isa kAraNa hama usake adhyayana sUtra nahI pakaDa pA rahe hai aura hameM lagatA hai, jaise ye mAnyatAeM kAlpanika rahI ho| java taka inakA samyak parIkSaNa na kara liyA, taba taka inako jhuThalAne kI bAta merI samajha meM nahI aatii| 2: jIva ke vikAza kI prakriyA kA prAyogika adhyayana sasAra kI aneka gutthiyo ko sulajhA sakatA hai| DArvina ne vikAsavAda kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA thaa| hamAre yahA~ nigoda se lekara mokSa taka kI vikAsa prakriyA kA vidhivata varNana kiyA hai / isakA adhyayana DArvina ke siddhAnta tathA anya navIna khojo ke sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se apekSita hai| 3 karmabandha kI rAsAyanika prakriyA kA adhyayana eka mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai| snigdha aura rUkSa karma puJja padagalo kA vandha kisa prakAra hotA hai ? kina paramANuo kA Asrava hone ke bAda bho bandha nahIM hotA ? baMdhe hae karma paramANao kI nirjarA kisa prakAra hotI hai, ityAdi kA anusandhAna hone para kaI naye tathya udghATita hoge| 4: karma siddhAnta meM jo gaNitIya sAmagrI hai, usameM Adhunika gaNita siddhAnta kI sabase jaTila 'seTthyorI' ke samAdhAna kI sAmagrI upalabdha hai| isakA adhyayana prAyogika rUpa meM Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra ke anya aneka viSaya hai, jinakA adhyayana prAyogika stara para honA caahie| no prakAra se arthAta samAjazAstrIya dRSTikoNa se tathA prAyogika rUpa meM mahAvIra ke cintana kA ' adhyayana paramparAgata DhaMga kI pAThazAlAo, vidyAlayo yA sAhityika anusandhAna ke lie sthApita saMsthAno me saMbhava nahI hai| mAnavikI tathA vijJAna ke niSNAta aura niSThAvAna adhyetA tathA siddhAnto ke sacce jJAtA jaba sammilita rUpa se isa dizA meM pravRta hoge tabhI isa prakAra ke adhyayana sambhava hai| ktidA maiM isa bAta ko varSoM se kahatA A rahA huuN| AcArya tulasI jI ne java jena vizva bhAratI kI sthApanA kI bAta prArambha kI thI taba unake samakSa bhI maine yaha bAta rakhI thii| bambaI meM mahAvIra nirvANa zatAbdI ke lie

Page #20
With best Compliments from COSSIPORE COLD STORAGE ( LESSEES ) Preservers. OTATOES, SEEDS, FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES & DRY FRUITS Storage : 1/4C, KHAGENDRA CHATTERJEE ROAD, COSSIPORE, CALCUTTA-2

Page #21
rASTrIya samiti ne siddhAnta rUpa meM kAunsila banAne kI bAta svIkAra kI hai| yadi yaha kAunsila anya kAunmilo kI taraha kendrIya anusandhAna saMsthAna kI sthApanA karatI hai aura usameM kAra ke adhyayana anusandhAna kI vyavasthA hotI hai, to eka bahuta baDe abhAva kI pUrti ho jAyegI, kintu yadi yaha kAunsila vizvavidyAlayI meM ceyara khulavAne vAlI anudAna saMsthA ke rUpa meM hI kAma karatI hai, to isase adhika lAbha nahIM hogaa| jaina vidyAo ko eka vyApaka sandarbha dene ke lie, ise jainijma kI apekSA jainolAjI zabda bahuta socavicAra ke bAda diyA gayA hai| isameM mAnavikI tathA vijJAna ( hyUmaniTIja eNDa sAinseja) se sambandhita sabhI viSayo ko antarbhakta mAnA gayA hai| jainolAjikala risarca sosAiTI uparyukta prakAra ke adhyayana-anusandhAna kI bhUmikA taiyAra kara rahI hai| kucha viSayo para kArya Arambha bhI haA hai, kintu jaba taka aise saMsthAna kI nahI ho jAtI, jisameM uparyukta prakAra ke adhyayana aura anusandhAna kArya sambhava ho, taba taka kAryoM ko Age bar3hAne meM aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyA~ hai / hama isa vAta ke lie pUrNa prayatnazIla haiM ki isa prakAra ke saMsthAna kI sthApanA zIghra ho| nayI aura purAnI pIr3hI tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sabhI paramparAo ke zraddhaya sAdhuo aura zrAvako ko isa dizA meM Age bar3hakara bIDA uThAnA cAhie / With best Campliments from ONKARMALL AGARWALA 12, INDIA EXCHANGE PLACE, CALCUTTA-I

Page #22
best Compliments from Trust Surasmal Bengane Charitable 15. India Exchango Place, Calcutta - 1

Page #23
mahAvIra kA dharma - vizva zAnti kA sAdhaka (DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU ) yaha eka tathya hai ki Aja vizva azAnta hai, pratyeka vyakti azAnta hai / aneka prabuddha vicAraka evaM rAjanItika zAnti sthApanA ke liye satata prayatnazIla hai, kintu zAnti kI sambhAvanA uttarotaH dUra hotI pratIta hotI hai / svargIya rASTrapitA mahAtmA gaoNdhI Adhunika yugameM zAntike agradUta the / unakA samasta jIvana zAnti ke liye prayatna karate hI bItA aura usIke liye unakA balidAna bhI huA / unake jIvana me do-do vizvayuddha huye / ukta yuddho me bhI unakI bhUmikA eka zAntidUta kI hI rhii| kucha vidvAno kA kahanA hai ki vaha IsAI dharma se prabhAvita the, koI kahatA hai ki vaha rUsI maniSI TAlasTAya se athavA aMgreja cintaka raskina ke vicAro se prabhAvita the / bhagavadgItA ke bhI vaha parama bhakta the / yo unake prArambhika jIvana meM jisa vicAradhArA ne unheM atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA thA vaha jena thI / jaina santa zrImad rAjacandra bhAI ko gA~dhIjI apanA guru mAnate the aura unake samparka se hI adhyAtmikatA, ahisA eva satya meM bApU kI AsthA dRr3ha huI thI / dharma kI dRSTi se sampradAya vizeSa kA hI nAma liyA jAya to gA~dhIjI parama vaiSNava hindU the, kintu sabhI dharmoM ke prati unakA samabhAva thaa| sabhI dharmoM ko Adara kI se dekhate the aura sthAyI zAnti ke liye isa sarvadharmasamabhAva ko vaha Avazyaka bhI samajhate the / isa prasaGga meM yaha kahanA atyuktipUrNa nahI hai ki jainadharma sarvAdhika zAntipUrNa dharma paramparA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM eka ke bAda eka, caubIsa zramaNa tIrthaGkara ho gaye haiN| inameM eka dUsare ke madhya paryApta antarAla rahe hai | AdinAtha RSabhadeva isa paramparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara the aura vartamAna mahAvIra antima / inhI tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsA ke janma se 527 varSa pUrva huA thA / agale varpa, deza-videza me unakA 2500 vaoN nirvANa mahotsava manAyA jA rahA hai / ina zramaNa tIrthaGkaro dvArA puraskRta, pratipAdita, svayaM Acarita tathA jana-jana meM padAtika vihAra karake pracArita dharma hI jaina dharma ke nAma se prasiddha hai / mahAvIra Adi nigrantha dharma kA pracAra - 'sarva satvAnAM hitAya, sarva satvAnAM sukhAya' kiyA thA / samudAya ke liye nahI varan manuSya mAtra ke ---- prANImAtra ke hitasukhya ke liye samabhAva se kiyA thA / tIrthaGkaro ne isa ahiMsA pradhAna kisI eka jAti, varNa, varga yA isa dharma ke mUlAdhAra tIna kahe jA sakate haiM---Atmopamya, anekAnta aura ahiMsA, aura tIno kA hI lakSya zAnti pradAna karanA hai, sarvatra zAnti kI sthApanA karanA hai-- vyakti ko, parivAra ko, samAja ko, deza aura rASTra ko sampUrNa vizva ko zAnti prApta ho, kahI bhI kisI prakAra kI azAnti na rahe / Atmopamya kA siddhAnta batAtA hai ki saMsAra meM jitane bhI dehadhArI prANI hai, choTe-se-choTe jIva-jantu pazu-pakSiyo se lekara manuSya paryanta, sabhI Atma tatva viziSTa hai / AtmAo kI apanI-apanI svatantra sattA hai, aura ye samasta AtmAye apane svabhAva, kSamatAo guNa dharmoM se samAna haiM / duHkha-sukha kI jaisI anubhUti hameM hotI hai vaisI hI anya saba prANiyo ko hotI hai / prANI prANI meM, vyakti, vyakti me koI bheda nahIM hai, aura na hI honA cAhiye /

Page #24
With best Compliments from : Jiwanmal Surajmal 15, India Exchange Place, Calcutta-1. Phone 22-2606 a

Page #25
ataeva 'sabo savva bhUssu' savako apane samAna samajho, unake sAtha vaisA hI vartAva karo jaisA ki tuma cAhate ho ve tumhAre sAtha kare / una sabameM samAna rUpa se devatva yA paramAtmatva nihita hai / dharmAcaraNa dvArA apanA kalyANa karane kA savako samAna adhikAra hai| Atmopamya kA yaha siddhAnta vizvamaitrI aura vizvavandhutva kA pratipAdaka tathA sArvabhaumika zAnti kA vidhAyaka hai| anekAnta kA siddhAnta, jo vastu tatva viSayaka vaijJAnika anubhava para AdhArita hai, vyakti ko udAra evaM samyaka dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| pratyeka vastu meM aneka guNa dharma hote hai, usake aneka pahalU hote hai| bhinna-bhinna vyakti bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNo se usakA varNana karate haiN| satya kI vyakti yA dharma kI bapautI nahI hai| saba kI bAta sahiSNutA pUrvaka suno aura jisa dRSTikoNa se vaha kahI gaI hai use samajhane kA prayatna kro| hamAre vaDe-se-bar3e virodhI kI bAta bhI kisI na kisI eka dRSTikoNa se sahI ho sakatI hai| udAra samanvaya buddhi se usa bAta ko sunane aura usa para vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| aisI dRSTi prApta hone para kArAgRha, haThadharmI pakSapAta Adi ke liye gunjAyaza nahI rhtii| samasta pArasparika vivAda evaM jhagaDe samApta karane kA yaha amogha upAya hai| anekAnta vicAradhArA vAlA vyakti jo kathana karatA hai vaha syAdvAda paddhati se karatA hai.-"hI" ke sthAna meM "bhI" kA prayoga karatA hai, apanI bAta hI sampUrNa satya hai aura anya saba kA mata sarvathA asatya hai, aisA ekAnta dAvA vaha nahI krtaa| isa prakAra kI sahiSNutApUrNa udAra samanvaya buddhi pArasparika zAnti kI vidhAyaka hai| isakA prayoga dArzanika aura dhArmika kSetra meM hI nahI, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Adi laukika jIvana ke bhI pratyeka kSetra me saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usake dvArA zAnti kA sampAdana hogA hii| ahiMsA ko to bha0 mahAvIra Adi nigrantha tIrthakAro ne 'paramodhamma'-paramadharma kahA, use sAkSAta paramabrahA kI padavI pradAna kara dI (ahiMsA bhUtAnAM jagati viditaM brahmaparamam ) dharma kA lakSaNa hI ahiMsA aura jIvarakSA btaayaa| jaina tIrthakAro ne kahA ki dharma jo svayaM meM sarvotkRSTa maMgala hai vaha ahiMsA rUpa hI hai| jahA~ hiMsA hai vahA~ dharma nahI-dharma hiMsA rahita hI ho sakatA hai| unakA kahanA thA ki saMsAra me jitane prANI hai sabhI ko sukha sAtA priya hai, dukha ko sabhI apane pratikUla samajhate haiM, baddha-bandhanAdi sabhI ko apriya hai, jIvana sabhI kI priya hai, sabhI jIvita bane rahanA cAhate haiM, ataeva kisI bhI prANI kI mana-vacana kAya tathA kRta-kAdita-anumodana dvArA kisI prakAra bhI hiMsA na karo, use mAnasika va zArIrika kaSTa aura pIDA na phuNcaao| isa prakAra hisA na karanA hI ahiMsA hai| jIvarakSA, dayA, karuNA, loka sevA, vizvamaMtrI Adi ke rUpo meM ahiMsaka pravRtti caritArtha hotI hai, aura pariNAma usakA zAnti hai| yuddho se yuddho kA anta nahI hotaa| hiMmA ke dvArA hiMsA samApta nahI ho sktii| hiMsA aura yuddho kI samApti ahisA dvArA hI sambhava hai / ahiMsA kI hI paryAya satya, asteya, zIla evaM aparigraha hai| sthUlaspa meM bhI ina vrato kA pAlana karane vAle, unhe apane jIvana meM utArane vAlA vyakti apanI aura dUsaroM kI sukha zAnti kA vidhAyaka hotA hai| saMsAra meM jitane jhagaDe TaMTe, kalaha vivAda yuddhAdi azAnti ke kAraNa hai una sabakI jaDa IrSyA-duSa, mada-matsarya, bara-virodha, dhana sampatti kI lolupatA, para prabhutA yA sattA kI lolupatA athavA viSaya lolupatA Adi hI hote haiN| kintu ahiMsA-satya aucarya-brahmacarya-aparigraha kI jitane aMzoM meM bhI vyakti ke, ataH samudAya yA samAja ke jIvana meM pratiSThA hotI hai, azAnti ke uparokta kAraNo kA nirAkaraNa bhI svataH hotA jAtA hai| nitya prati kAlika mAmAyika ke samaya eka jena yaha bhAvanA karatA hai ki-'prANI mAtra se merI maitrI hai, sampUrNa loka merA mitra hai, merA kisI se dera nahIM hai, saba prANiyoM meM parampara avera ho, vera kahI nhiiN| maiM phimI ke duHkha kI cAha na karU~, koI bhI kimI kA dugya na cAhe, sabhI prANI sukhI rhe|

Page #26
With best Compliments from : LIMTON PRIVATE LIMITED JEWELLERS AND WATCH MAKERS, 13 & 14, B B D. BAG, EAST, CALCUTTA-1 POST BOX NO. 2000 Telephone : 23-1855 & 23-9747

Page #27
aura apane iSTa deva kI upAsanA kA samApana bhI vaha isa prArthanA se karatA hai ki he bhagavAna jinendra deva ? deza meM, rASTra meM, nagara meM, rAjya meM, sarvatra zAnti rahe, samasta janatA kA sukha kSema ho, zAsaka zaktizAlI evaM nyAyAnukUla AcaraNa karane vAle ImAnadAra jana sevaka hoM, varSA ucita samaya para paryApta ho, samasta prakAra kI vyAdhiyoM kA nAza ho, durbhikSa, corI, DAkA Adi vividha aparAdha kSaNamAtra ke lie bhI manuNyo ke jIvana kA sparza na kara paaveN| astu, uparokta jaina dRSTi ko apanAne tathA jainAcAra ko jIvana kA aMga banA lene se vizva meM zAnti avazyameva sthApita ho sakatI hai, aura vaha saccI zAnti hogii| OM zAnti / zAnti / / zAnti / With best Compliments from : Gram : "KIRANAKING" Phone.33-1449 Resi.: 33-1007 SANTIKUMAR KAMALKUMAR SPICES, DRUGS, CHEMICALS, YARN, INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 3, MULLICK STREET, CALCUTTA-7. -

Page #28
mAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI ke zubha avasara para hamArI hArdika zubha kAmanAe~ : jugarAja tejarAja 2, porcugIja carca sTrITa, kalakattA-1 1.....

Page #29
bhagavAna mahAvIra-unakA jIvana aura sandeza lekhaka-kailAza jindala, ema. e. ela. ela. bI. AI. Ara. esa. aiDavokeTa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma IsA se 506 varSa pUrva huA thaa| usake pitA vaizAlI gaNatantra rAjya kI kSatrIya jAti ke nAma baMza ke pramukha the| paTanA se 27 mIla uttara Aja kala vesar3ha gaoNva hai| vahI pahale vaizAlI gaNarAjya thaa| vardhamAna svAmI-jinhe sanmati, vIra, aura mahAvIra bhI kahate hai-30 varSa kI avasthA me apane kuTumbI jana se vidA lekara, jaMgala me ekAnta-vAsa ke liye cale gye| vAraha varSa dhyAna lagAne ke uparAnta unheM sasAra ke duHkho kA kAraNa patA lagA aura unase mukti pAne kA dvArA bhii| bAraha varSa kI tapasyA aura dhyAna se jo jJAna prApta huA, usakA mahAvIra svAmI ne tIsa varSa taka pracAra kiyaa| aura phira bihAra meM pAvApurI sthAna se nirvANagati ko prApta huye| __ kevalI barddhamAna ke mukha se jo vANI mukharita hotI thI-usakA murkha aura paNDita, pazu aura pakSI sabhI apanI apanI bhASA me samajha lete the| vANI kA sandeza thA ki AtmA-ahama-anAdi aura ananta hai / jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai| AtmA ke vinA jJAna nahI, aura jJAna ke vinA AtmA nhii| saMsArI jIva kevala AtmA nahI hai| saMsAra meM do hI vastu hai-jIva aura ajIva / jIva kA ajIva ke vinA astitva hI nahIM, kintu ajIva kA jIva ke vinA astitva hai| jaDa aura cetana ke sammizraNa ko hI "jIvAtmA" kahate hai| AtmA sthUla yA sUkSma padArtha se thoDe samaya ke liye yA adhika samaya ke liye, bhArI taura para yA halkI taura para, nirantara baeNdhI rahatI hai, ghirI ) rahatI hai, ye hI vandhana samasta sRSTi kI abhivyakti hai-mAnavI aura amaanvii| "karma zabda se sabhI paricita hai| bhagavat gItA meM isakA vivaraNa hai / " jaisA bovoge, vaisA kAToge pracalita janazruti hai / parantu jaina darzana me "karma" zabda kA dUsarA hI vizeSa artha hai / "karma" jaina dharma ke anusAra sUkSma paramANu ko kahate hai, jo indriyo ke pare hai, vaijJAnika yantro ko aprApya hai| yaha paramANu sArI sRSTi me pracura mAtrA meM phaile hai| jIvAtmA kI icchAo aura vAsanAo se pracodita paramANu hI "karma" kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| jIva jaDa padArtha se sarvadA aura sarvathA prabhAvita hotA rahatA hai / likhita zabda, banAI huI tasvIra, DhalI huI mati, imArata aura khaNDara, meja, kursI-sabhI padArthoM se bhAvo kA udreka hotA hai, bhale hI vaha udreka hAnikara hoyaskara, zarIra aura mana ko zAnti denevAlA ho, yA vicalita karane vaalaa| ye adRSTa agocara "kama" kA mahAna prabhAva hai| AtmA ko ko bhinna rUpa aura svarUpa meM bhinna tAdAda aura ghanatva meM, bhinna samaya ke liye apanI aura AkaSTa karatI hai aura apane meM milA letI hai| mana-vacana-kAya kI hara kriyA kI pratikriyA "karma-bandhana" hai| karmoM kA AnA athavA karmoM dvArA AtmA kA baMdha jAnA "baMdha" kamoM kA rUkanA "saMvara" karmoM se chaTakArA "nirjarA" ina cAra avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa aura vivecana jaina AcAryoM ne sahata hI sakSamatA se aura / gaNita ke AdhAra para kiyA hai|

Page #30
WITH BEST COMPLIME OF: Suganchand Saraogi 22/23, RADHA BAZAR STREET, CALCUTTA-I

Page #31
zarIra dhArI AtmA me vaha zakti hai ki vaha karma-bandhana se mukta ho sakatI hai aura apane svaccha, nirmala aura kevala jJAna svarUpa ko prApta ho sakatI hai| mukti kI gati ko prApta hone ke liye kaI avasthAeM hai| hara avasthA bhalI prakAra nirdhArita hai| Atmika unnati mithyAtva se samyagdarzana kI ora hotI hai, ajJAna se jJAna kI ora, niyama-pAlana se pUrNa niyantraNa kI ora, vAsanAoM aura icchAo ke tyAga se mana-vacana-kAya kI spandana sahita zAnti ko or| yaha pragati kA mArga sabake liye eka sA khulA hai| mUla siddhAnta hai "jIo aura jIne do-aura aise jIo kI tumhAre jIne se auro ko kama se kama hAni ho|" isI siddhAnta ko mauTI taura se ahisAvAda kahate hai| ahisA kA pUrNatayA pAlana to pahu~ce huye sAdhu hI kara sakate hai-vaha sAdhu jinhone "aham kA AtmA kA asalI svarUpa jAna liyA hai, jo apane dhyAna meM itane magna hai ki unako kAyA ko koI kucha bhI kare yA usake viSaya me kucha bhI kahe, unhe koI bhI pharaka nahI pddtaa| unhe koI bhI asara nahI hotaa| phira bhI ahiMsA kA pAlana savahI loga yathAzakti kara sakate haiN| jitanA ahisA kA pAlana kiyA jAyagA, utano hI mana ko sukha aura zAnti milegii| yadi hama itihAsa ke panne ulaTe to hame spaSTa jJAta ho jAyagA ki manuSya hisA se ahiMsA kI ora jhukatA gayA hai| hamAre Adi pUrvaja nara-bhakSaka the| phira samaya jaba manuSya ne manuSya ko khAnA chor3a diyA aura AkheTa karake zazu-pakSiyo kA mAMsa khAnA zuru kara diyaa| phira Age calakara manuSya ne AkheTa ke lie pIche jaMgalo meM bhaTakanA choDa diyA , aura eka jagaha sthira hokara khetI karanA zuru kara diyaa| dharatI mAtA se anna upajAne lgaa| carAgAha aura ramate gaDeriye kA jIvana choDakara, saoNskRtika jIvana apnaayaa| gaoNva aura zahara bsaaye| kuTumba kI sImAo se nikalakara jAti aura samAja kI ora dekhane lgaa| yaha saba cinha bar3hatI huI ahiMsA aura ghaTatI huI hisA kA dyotaka hai| aisA na hotA to manuSya-jAti kA kabhI bhI anta ho gayA hotA, jese ki bahuta se nimna zreNI ke jIvo kA ho gayA hai| sabhI pIra-paigAmbaro ne ahisA kA mArga dikhalAyA hai| kisI ne bhI hiMsA kA pracAra nahI kiyaa| aura aisA ho bhI kaise sakatA thaa| ahisA manuSya-jAti kA niyama hai, jaise hisA pazu jAti kaa| AtmA paze meM nidrita avasthA me rahatI hai aura pazu zArIrika-zakti ke atirikta aura koI zakti jAnatA nahI / parantu manuSya kI mAnavatA use dUsarI aura pukAratI hai aura Atmika bala kA saMketa detI hai| "yoddhAoM meM jaise vAsudeva zreSTha haiM, puSpoM meM jaise aravinda zreSTha haiM, kSatriyoM meM jaise dantavakra zreSTha haiM usI taraha varddhamAna RSiyoM me zreSTha the| dAnoM meM jaise abhayadAna zreSTha haiM, satya meM jaise niravadya vacana zreSTha haiM, tapa meM uttama brahmacarya tapa haiM, usI taraha nAyaputta logoM meM uttama zramaNa the|

Page #32
Empty is penance for the sake of fame With best Compliments from ALCOND Manufacturers & Exporters of PROPERZI ROD, A CS.R , ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS, BINDING TAPES & WIRES AND DCC WIRES ALUMINIUM CABLES & CONDUCTORS (UP) PVT. LTD. MARI UMUMNIUM VADU MIUI UNDU DI UIT l. U Head Office i 2-A, SHAKESPEARE SARANI, CALCUTTA-16 Gram. 'STALCOND' Telex CA 7950 Phone 44-9651/2/3/4 Works No. 1 47, Hide Road Extension, CALCUTTA-27 Phone .45-7393 Works No 2 4, Abmed Mamooji Street, Liluah HOWRAH Phone 66-2780

Page #33
bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAdhanA paddhati -muni zrI mahendra kumArajI "prathama' bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjakumAra the| unake lie sabhI prakAra ke sukha-sAdhana pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha the| ve unakA apane lie upayoga bhI karate the| tIsa varSa kI avasthA taka ve bhautika suvidhAo me rhe| sahasA unhone pravrajyA kA nirNaya liyaa| sabhI prakAra kI suvidhAo ko ThukarAkara ve kaThora caryA ke lie nikala pdde| unakI pratijJA thI, mai vyutsRSTakAya hokara rahUMgA arthAta zarIra kI kisI bhI prakAra se sAra-sambhAla nahI kruu'gaa| isameM ve pUrNataH saphala rhe| duruha sAdhanA mahAbIra ne jisa sAdhanA-paddhati kA avalambana liyA thA, vaha atyanta romAMcaka thii| ve acelaka the, tathApi zIta se trasita hokara vAhuo ko sameTate na the, apitu yathAvat hAtha phailAye hI vihAra karate the| ziziraRtu meM pavana aura jora se phuphakAra mAratA, kaDakaDAtI sardI hotI, taba itara sAdhu usase bacane ke liye kisI garma sthAna kI khoja karate, vastra lapeTate aura tApasa lakaDiyA~ jalAkara zIta dUra karane kA prayatna karate, parantu, mahAvIra khule sthAna meM naMge vadana rahate aura apane bacAva kI icchA bhI nahI krte| vahI para sthira hokara dhyAna karate / naMge badana hone ke kAraNa sardI-garmI ke hI nahI, para, daMza-mazaka tathA anya komala-kaThora sparza ke aneka kaSTa bhI ve * jhelate the| mahAvIra apane nivAsa ke liye bhI nirjana jhopaDiyo ko cunate, kabhI dharmazAlAo ko, kabhI prathA ko, kabhI hATa ko, kabhI luhAra kI zAlA ko, kabhI mAliyo ke gharo ko, kabhI zahara ko, kabhI zmazAna ko, kabhI sUne gharo ko, kabhI vRkSa kI chAyA ko to kabhI ghAsa kI gaMjiyo ke samIpavartI sthAna ko| isa sthAno me rahate hue unhe nAnA upasagoM se jUjhanA hotA thaa| sarpa Adi viSele jantu aura gIdha Adi pakSI unhe kATa khAte the| uddaNDa manuSya unhe nAnA yAtanAeM dete the, gaoNva ke rakhavAle hathiyAro se unhe pITate the aura viSayAtura striyA~ unhe kAmabhoga ke lie satAtI thii| manuSya aura tiryaco ke dArUNa upasagoM aura karkaza-kaThora zabdo ke aneka upasarga unake samakSa Aye dina prastuta hote rahate the| mArane-pITane para bhI ve apanI samAdhi meM lIna rhte| AhAra ke niyama bhI mahAvIra ke baDe kaThina the| nIroga hote hue bhI ve mitAhArI the| raso me unheM Amakti na thI aura na ve kabhI rasayukta padArthoM kI AkAMkSA hI rahate the| bhikSA me rUkhA-sUkhA, ThaNDA, vAsI, uDada sUkhe bhAta, mathu, yavAdi nIrasa dhAnya kA jo bhI AhAra milatA, use ve zAnta bhAva se aura santoSa-pUrvaka grahaNa karate the / eka bAra nirantara ATha mahIno taka ve inhI cIjo para rhe| pakhavADe, mAsa aura cha:-chaH mAsa taka jala nahI pIte the| upavAsa me bhI vihAra karate / ThaNDA-vAsI AhAra bhI ve tIna-tIna, cAra-cAra, pA~ca-pA~ca dina ke antara se karate the| zarIra ke prati mahAvIra kI nirIhatA baDI romAcaka thii| roga utpanna hone para bhI ve auSadha-sevana nahI karate the| virecana, vamana, tela-mardana, snAna aura dantaprakSAlana nahI karate the| ArAma ke liye paira nahI davAte the|

Page #34
Grams ZINCLEAD Phone . 33-4470 Code : BENTLEYS 2ND PHRASE A.M.I. BRAND MANUFACTURERS OF STAINLESS STEEL WARES FOR DOMESTIC USE, HOSPITAL EQUIPMENTS, CHEMICAL TANKS, CUTLERY, NON-FERROUS WARES, STOVE PARTS AND INDUSTRIAL GOODS IMPORTERS & EXPORTERS ASHOK METAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED 157, NETAJI SUBHAS ROAD, CALCUTTA-1 ( Room No 161 ) Works, 7, JANKI DEVI JALAN ROAD, LILLOOAH, HOWRAH Phone 66-4477

Page #35
A~kho meM kirakirI gira jAtI, to use bhI ve nahI nikAlate / aisI paristhiti me oNkha ko bhI ve nahI khujlaate| ve kabhI nIda nahI lete the| unhe jaba kabhI nIda adhika satAtI, ve zIta meM muhUrtabhara cakramaNa kara nidrA dUra karate / ve pratikSaNa jAgRta raha dhyAna va kAyotsarga meM hI lIna rahate / utkaTaka, godohikA, vIrAsana, prabhRti aneka AsanoM dvArA mahAvIra nirvikAra dhyAna karate the| zIta meM ve chAyA meM baiThakara dhyAna karate aura grISma meM utkTuka Adi kaThora Asano ke mAdhyama se cilacilAtI dhapa me dhyAna krte| koI unakI stuti karatA aura koI unhe daNDa se tarjita karatA yA bAlo ko khIcatA yA unhe nocatA, ve dono hI pravRttiyo meM samacita rahate the| mahAvIra isa prakAra nirvikAra, kaSAya-rahita, mUrchA-rahita, nirmala dhyAna aura Atma-cintana meM hI apanA samaya vitAte / mahAvIra dIkSita hue, taba unake zarIra para nAnA prakAra ke sugandhita dravyo kA vilepana kiyA huA thaa| cAra mAsa se bhI adhika bhramara Adi jantu unake zarIra para maMDarAte rahe, unake mAMsa ko nocate rahe aura rakta ko pIte rahe / mahAvIra ne titikSAbhAva kI parAkASTha kara dii| una jantuo ko mAranA to dUra, unhe haTAne kI bhI ve icchA nahI karate the| mahAvIra ne isa prakAra kI zArIrika kRcchra sAdhanA para itanA vala kyo diyA tathA zarIra ke svabhAvI para ve vijaya kisa prakAra hue, javaki sAmAnyataH koI bhI vyakti zarIra ke dharmoM kI avagaNanA nahI kara sakatA? ye do prazna hI mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati kI vibhinna bhUmikAo para prakAza DAlate hai| kaSTa-sAdhya sAdhanA kyoM ? sabhI adhyAtmavAdiyo kA dRr3ha vizvAma hai ki AtmA zarIra rUpa kapsUla me Abaddha hai| cetana para jaDa kA yaha AvaraNa itanA saghana ho gayA ki saMskAra vikAra meM badala gaye haiM aura cetanya kI kriyA vikAro ko sabala karane meM prayakta hone lagI hai| sAdhanA-cetanya aura jaDa kI isa durabhisaMdhi ko samApta karane kI kriyA kA Arambha karatI hai| usakI pahalI vyUha-racanA zarIra ke sAtha hotI hai| zarIra ke dvArA AtmA ke hone vAle saMcAlana ko rokane ke liye upakrama Arambha hotA hai aura sArA niyantraNa AtmA ke kendra se udabhUta hone lagatA hai| aisI sthiti meM anivAryatayA apekSA ho jAtI hai, kRcchra sAdhanA kii| eka bAra usase chaTapaTAhaTa avazya hotI hai, kyoki janma-janmAntaro se lagA huA anubandha-TUTanA prArambha hotA hai| kintu, aisA hue vinA jaDa-cetana kA pRthakakaraNa nahI bhI ho sktaa| prANa-vAyu para vijaya kucha kapTa-sAdhya sAdhanA se vicalita ho gye| unhe apane mArga ko bhI badalanA pddaa| mahAvIra apane nirdhArita krama me saphala hote gye| unhe mArgAntaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM huii| dono kA eka hI uddezya thaa| phira itanA antara kyo huA? isa prazna kA uttara pAne ke liye kucha yaugika kriyAoM kI gaharAI meM utaranA Avazyaka hogaa| mAdhaka ko sabase pahale bhUkha-pyAma. sardI-garmI dhAdi zarIra kI anivArya AvazyakatAoM para vijaya pAnA hotA hai| ina sabakA sambandha hai, prANavAyu se | zarIra meM pA~ca prakAra kI vAyu hotI hai| prANa-vAyu usameM utkaTa hai aura unakA sambandha mana kI sUkSma kriyAtrI ke sAtha hai| yahI vAyu snAyuyo kI prANa-zakti ko pratyeka kArya meM udabuddha, prerita tathA kriyAzIla karatI hai| kintu, eka prakriyA ainI hotI hai, jinake dvArA kriyAzIlatAko meM badalA jA sakatA hai| jaba vaha isa prakAra parivartita ho jAtI hai, zArIrika apakSAtrI kI pUrti na hone para bhI

Page #36
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM. Chitavalsha Jute Mill Company Ltd. 3, NETAJI SUBHAS ROAD, CALCUTTA-1

Page #37
vyathA kI anubhUti nahI hotii| phira deha hotA hai, kintu, dehAdhyAsa nahI hotA / mahAvIra ne isI prakriyA kA Arambha kiyA thA aura ve isake dvArA zarIra - vijaya me pUrNataH saphala hue / zarIra unake adhIna rahA, ve zarIra ke adhIna nahI rahe / eka pravAha calatA hai / use yadi badalA nahI jAtA hai, to jo hotA AyA hai, vahI bhaviSya me calatA rahegA / use badalane ke liye jitanA zrama apekSita hotA hai, usase adhika mArgAntaraNa ke cayana meM sajagatA apekSita hotI hai / mahAvIra jaba pravrajita hue, cAlU pravAha ko badalane kI usa prakriyA ko hI unhone apanA lakSya banAyA aura usameM ve saphala bhI hue / yahI kAraNa hai ki ugra tapazcaraNa meM bhI ve kabhI mlAna nahI hue / zarIra-vijJAna ke anusAra bhI jaba-jaba rakta kI gati meM vega aura gatimaMdatA AtI hai, taba-taba sambandhita anya avayava prabhAvita hote haiM aura kisI vikAra kA Arambha ho jAtA hai / yaha vikAra roga ke rUpa meM bhI vyakta hotA hai aura indriyaja udva ega, Aveza, ahaM Adi ke rUpa me bhI prakaTa hotA hai / prANa vAyu kA jAgaraNa tathA anya cAra prakAra kI vAyuo kI zlathatA rakta kI sama sthiti ko ujAgara karatI hai / yahI se sambandhita nAnA anubhUtiyo gauNa ho jAtI hai aura sva-kendritA jAgarUka / mahAvIra isa kriyA me Arambha se hI niSNAta the, isIlie kaSTa sAdhya sAdhanA meM unhe kaSTo kI anubhUti nahI hotI thI / janatA ko bhI isakA hI prazikSaNa dete the / mAnasika ugo ke isa vartamAna yuga meM prANavAyu para vijaya pAne kI isa prakriyA kI atyanta Avazyaka hai / -** mahAvIra jayantI ke zubha avasara para hArdika zubha kAmanAyeM phona : 33-2736 phUla mAka ghI tAjagI, susvAdu vizuddha dugdhajAta dravya aura zakti kA pratIka munnAlAla dvArakAdAsa baDalA kalakattA-7 zatAbdi kI paramparA se puSTa munnAlAla dvArakAdAsa 'phUla mArkA hAUsa' 76 naM0 bar3atallA sTrITa, kalakattA-7

Page #38
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM New Central Jute Mills Co. Ltd. Regd Office 11, CLIVE ROW, CALCUTTA-1 Telephone No. 22-4381 ( 13 Lines ) Manufacturers of JUTE GOODS OF ALL TYPES INCLUDING CARPET BACKING CLOTH, JUTE MATTING, JUTE YARN, GREY IRON CASTING, SODA, ASH & AMMONIUM CLORIDE, NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS.

Page #39
caitra bhagavAna mahAvIra, preraNA ke khaNDa srota darzanAcArya sAdhvI zrI caMdanAjI zukla trayodazIkA maMgalamaya dina ! bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmadina / ataH utsava kA dina ! dina kA artha hai aMdhakAra kA miTa jAnA aura prakAza kA AnA / kevala bAhara hI aMdhakAra nahI hai aura na bAhara hI prakAza hai / manuSya ke jIvana meM bhI aMdhakAra aura prakAza hai| Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva vihAra kI puNyabhUmi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thA / aura kahanA cAhie viSamatA vivAda aura vaira ke adhakAra ko miTAkara samAnatA saMvAda aura kSamA ke teja puMja bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA aura unhone usa amRta prakAza ko jana-jIvana meM vikIrNa kiyA thA / prativarSa isI maMgalamayI bhAvanA ke sAtha hama janma dina manAte haiM / isa ghaTanA ko DhAI hajAra varSa vyatIta ho cuke hai aura yaha dina samAnatA, maitrI kA pratIka banakara jisane hameM vyaktigata aura sAmUhika vikAsa kI Aja bhI preraNA detA hai / kisI bhI mahApuruSa kA janma jayanti manAne kA artha hai sadvRttiyo kA vikAza ! hameM Aja ke dina janmotsava ke mUla me nihita isa bhAvanA ko akSuNNa rakhane kA saMkalpa karanA hai| isa saMkalpa para hI utsava kI sArthakatA siddha hogI / yaha dina bhAratIya jana mAnasa ke lie preraNApUrNa aura prakAza pUrNa bane / DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa mahAna saMdeza ko pravAhita kiyA thA Aja usakI atyanta AvazyakatA hai vargabheda, varNabheda, jAtibheda, prAMtabheda aura bhASAbheda sattA kI daur3a, amIro kI AvazyakatAeM, garIvo ke abhAva, dalita, pIDita aura zoSita varga ke prati upekSA, nae aura purAne vicAro ke saMgharSa, ina prazno ne jIvana kI jaDe hilA dI hai / aise vikaTa samaya meM maitrI karuNA aura sahayoga kI bhAvanA se hI prazno kA hala DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahI kahA thA--prazna aura nahI hai / samasyA koI nahIM hai / bAhara ke bheda to miTane se rahe aura agara bAhara se samAnatA ko pratiSThita bhI kiyA gayA aura manuSya kI bhAvanAtmaka samAnatA kI upekSA kI to usa Aropita samAnatA se manuSya kA jIvana niSkaMTaka nahIM ho sakatA / Aja bhI hama dekha rahe haiM samAnatA ke hajAra-hajAra prayAsa ke vAda viSamatA utanI hI adhika hai / aura usa visamatA se niSpanna viSama samasyAeM bhI utanI hI hai / Aja ke isa mahAna maMgalamaya dina para punaH hama gaMbhIratA se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza para vicAra kara hameM apanI samAja racanA ke lie kucha mahatvapUrNa saMketa evaM saMkalpa lene kI AvazyakatA hai I 4 nijI svAthoM se Upara uThakara manuSya jAti ke vyApaka hito kI surakSA ke lie prayAsa karane kA mArga khoje / Aja sAmAnya janatA nahI jAnatI hai ki use kidhara jAnA hai mahAvIra saMdeza se udAtta mArga-darzana le, to hameM prakAza, preraNA aura pragati prApta ho sakatI hai / __*****~~~

Page #40
bhAvanA racayitA-hIrAcanda boharA bI. e ela ela vI vizArada bajavaja enan kartavya patha para hama caleM, sabakI yahI ho kAmanA / ha~sakara saheM saba ApadA ___jIvana kI yaha ho sAdhanA / na burA kisI kA kare kabhI, mana meM rahe yaha bhAvanA / sukha se jie~ jaga me sabhI, prabhu se yahI ika prArthanA / / O / Re -- jaga me dukhI insAna kI sevA kareM yaha cAhanA vizvAsa ho prabhu meM sadA hai basa yahI ika arcanA // cAhe prANa jAe~ yA rahe, anyAya se bacate rahe saMgharpa ke hara kadama para, bar3hate raheM ha~sate rhe|| Apasa kI raMjiza dUra ho, saba prema se mila kara raheM, sukha zAnti kA vAtAraNa isa vizva me haradama rahe // pApo se hama bacate raheM, basa ika yahI hai cAhanA bana jAU~ prabhu maiM ApasA, merI yahI ika bhAvanA / / -**

Page #41
samaSTi bhagavAna mahAvIra bho0 pRthvIrAja jaina, ema0 e0, zAstrI ambAlA zahara bhAratIya dharma evaM darzana ke marmajJa ava isa viSaya meM prAyaH ekamata hai ki isa pavitra bhUmi para atIva prAcIna kAla se do sAskRtika dhArAeM pravAhita rahI hai vaidika athavA brAhmaNa, zramaNa dono me kauna sI pUrvavartI hai, yaha abhI vivAda kA viSaya hai| tadapi isa tathya kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki dono samakAlIna avazya rahI hai| upalabdha sAhitya me Rgaveda prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| usake adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya veda-virodhinI vicAra dhArA kI bhI prabalatA thii| usa vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva vartamAna jJAta dhArAo me jaina dharma sabase adhika karatA hai / bauddha-dharma kA udaya paryApta samaya vAda huA aura sAkhya darzana, vaidika darzana me hI samAviSTa ho gyaa| aise bhI vidvAna hai jo yukti aura pramANa ke AdhAra para jena vicAra dhArA ko bhArata kI maulika vicAra dhArA mAnate hai| vedAnuyAyI Arya bAhira se Ae, yaha nizcita prAyaH tathya hai| baidika va zramaNa paramparA : vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA meM jo mUla bheda hai, use eka zabda meM samayA yA samatva se pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa dharma kA AcAra-vicAra samatA kI AdhAra zilA para sthira hai jaba ki vaidika AcAravicAra ke mUla meM vaiSamya athavA viSamatA ke darzana hote haiN| yatra-tatra zramaNa paramparA me asamAnatA kI jhalaka dRSTigocara hogI aura vaidika paramparA meM samatA poSaka ullekha upalabdha hoge, parantu ve apavAda rUpa athavA AyatIta haiM / vaidika jIvana varNAzrama dharma para AdhArita hai jo mAnava-mAnava meM ucca-nIca kI divAreM khar3I karatA hai| zramaNa jIvana athavA jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI saMgha-vyavasthA, samAnatA samAnAdhikAra mAnava kyA prANImAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva para avalambita hai| isa lekha me jeno ke isa yuga ke carama tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA bhinnabhinna kSetro me pratipAdita samatA parakicit prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaegaa| zramaNa zabda kA artha hI isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki yaha vicAra-dhArA vizva me samatA kI sandezavAhaka hai| zramaNa ko prAkRta me 'samana' kahate hai| isase tIna arthoM kI dhvani parisphuTita hotI hai-sama, zama, shrm| sama kA artha samAnatA kiMvA samabhAva kA hai / 'mintI me savva bhUesu,-samasta prANiyo se merA maitrI bhAva hai, merA kisI se bhI vera bhAva nahI, yaha bhAvanA isI sama kA sumadhura phala hai| zama kA artha zamana, zAnti upazama hai| AtmA me upasama bhAva kA udaya tabhI sambhava hai jaba hama hareka prANI ko Atmopamya dRSTi se dekheN| upazama tabhI hogA jaba rAga dUSa kA nAza hogaa| rAga dvaSa usa avasthA meM hote hai jaba hama prANiyo ko samAna dRSTi se nahI dekhate. kisI meM mamatA bhAva rakhate hai aura kisI se vera-virodha panapane dete hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai-'uvasamasAra sAmaNNaM' arthAt zramaNa dharma kA sAra upazama yA zAnti bhAva hai / ataH zama kA dhyeya bhI sama kA poSaNa hai| zrama kA bhAvArtha puruSArtha aura tapa Adi se hai| anAdi kAla se sAMsArika AtmA karmamala se avalipta hone ke kAraNa moha evaM tadajanita viSamatA se lipta hai| usa avalepa ko dUra karane kA sAdhana zrama kivA tapa hai jo karmoM ke AvaraNa ko dara kara hame samatA-ArAdhanA kI ora agrasara karatA huA zuddha paramAtma-svarUpa kI anubhUti kraaegaa| isa prakAra

Page #42
With Compliments from * Phone Office : 33-5658 jram MAHABHADRA 35-0737 Resident * 33-0028 BEHARILAL JAIN & CO. MANUFACTURERS & DEALERS IN FERROUS & NON FERROUS MATERIALS Registered Office 4, NARAYAN PRASAD BABU LANE, CALCUTTA-7 Branches : Masjid Potty Road, 77/3A, Coolie Bazar, TINSUKIA (ASSAM) KANPUR (UP) Phone : 918 Phone : 64818 & 65698 Allied Concein CALCUTTA COMMERCIAL COMPANY 4, NARAYAN PRASAD BABU LANE, CALCUTTA-7 Works Scrapyard 5, Janki Debi Jalan Road, 135, Girish Ghose Road, Lilooah Lilooah (Howrah) (Howrah) Phone : 66-5145 Branch 7/12, Chotpara, Babria Niwas, Raipur (M. P) Phone 903 Gram . VISHAL

Page #43
zrama samabhAva kA mAno paryAyavAcI zabda hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba gautama ko yaha kahate hai ki jo prApta kA samavibhAjana kA nahI karatA, usakI mukti nahI hotI, taba yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve kitane mahAna samatAvAdI the aura kisa prakAra sAmya ko AdhyAtmika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kA mUlAdhAra samajhate the| AcArAMga me spaSTa hai ki jo tIrthakara bhUtakAla meM ho gaye, isa samaya yA bhaviSya me hoge ve sabhI upadeza dete haiM ki kisI prANI kA na to vadha karanA cAhiye ora na ume kisI prakAra pIr3ita karanA caahie| bha0 mahAvIra kI samatA kisI vizeSa samudAya, samAja, devavarga, mAnava vRnda yA dAnava samUhataka hI sImita na thI, vaha choTe se choTe prANI ke prati bhI samAna rUpa se vyavahRta thI / hama unakI samadRSTi kA aneka kSetro meM spaSTa rUpeNa avalokana kara sakate hai / sarva prathama hama AdhyAtmika kSetra ko le / siMha cihnavAle vardhamAna mahAvIra kI siMha garjanA thI ki pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti hai / kahA~ to vaidika paramparA kI usa yuga me yaha mAnyatA ki 'strI zUdaunAdhItAm' nArIva zUdro ko par3hAyA hI na jAya, aura kahA~ mahAvIra kA udghoSa ki sAdhanA dvArA hareka mokSa yA mukti kA adhikArI hai / mokSa ke dvAra liGga, ora jAti ke binA pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie khule hai / ve mAnate the ki koI bho AtmA zata pratizata duSTa nahI, AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke aMkura saba me vidyamAna hai / unhe parisphuTita karane ke lie Aloka aura jJAna rUpI varSA kI AvazyakatA hai / pratyeka vAlmIki kabhI baliyA DAkU thA aura pratyeka baliyA maharSi bAlmIki bana sakatA hai / kaSAyamuktiH kilamuktikhe - mukti kisI vizeSa dharma yA mAnyatA athavA AcAra nahI, Antarika kaSAya rUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane meM hai / navakAra maMtra me isIlie kisI vyakti vizeSa ko cayana na kara guNadhArI paca parameSTI ko namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra kahate hai ki bhavacakra ke bIjAMkura rAga-dveSa jisake naSTa ho gae ho vaha brahma ho, ziva ho, jina ho, use merA namaskAra / AcArya haribhadra kA kathana hai-- mahAvIra ke prati merA pakSapAta nahI, kapilAdi dArzaniko se dva eSa nahI, jisakA kathana yuktiyukta ho use mAnA jAya / sAmAjika kSetra para dRSTipAta kare / mahAvIra ne ucca svareNa ghoSaNA kI ki manuSya karma se brAhmaNa, karma se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura karma se zudra hotA hai, janma se kadApi nahI / vAhya veza bhUSA aura janmajAta uccanIca bhAva para kuThAraghAta karate hue unhone kahA --- oma kA jApa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahI hotA, sira muMDA lene se koI sAdhu nahI vana jAtA, kevala kuzAvastra kisI ko tapasvI nahI banAte aura nahI araNya nivAsI kisI ko muni ke sihAsana para biThA detA hai / brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, samatA se sAdhu, tapazcaryA se tapasvI aura jJAna se muni hotA hai / saMgaThana kara gRhastha sanyAsa dono jAtiyo va sampradAyo ke lie thA / Antarika pavitratA vihIna bAhya snAna hI mukti kA dAtA ho to unhone sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpI cAra stambhoM para Azrita saMgha kA jIvana meM nArI ko samAnAdhikAra pradAna kiyaa| unakA dharma sabhI varNoM, ve mAnate the ki durAcArI sAdhu ko usakA muniveza rakSita nahI kara sakatA / kriyAcAra kI vyarthatA ve surItyA samajhate the / ve kahA karate the ki yadi bAharI jalacara jIva sarva prathama mukta ho jAte / anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA dRSTikoNa kaisA ho ? AcArAMga meM Adeza hai ki dUsaroM ko usI dRSTi se dekho jisase nija AtmA ko dekhate ho| mahAvIra kI mAnyatA thI ki dUsare prANI kevala jIe, yahI paryApta nahI, pradyuta hameM yaha prayAsa karanA hai ki ve sukhapUrvaka jI sake / unakA Adeza thA ki yadi hama zarIra se kisI kA hita karane me asamartha ho to antarAtmA meM bhAvanA-catuSTaya kA hI ArAdhanA kre| ve cAra bhAvanAe~ hai- sabhI prANiyo se maitrI bhAva, guNIjano ke lie pramoda- harpa kA bhAva, duHkhiyo ke prati karuNA bhAva, virodhiyo ke prati mAdhyastha athavA taTastha bhAva / nissandeha ye sabhI vicAra mahAvIra ko sama-dRSTi siddha karate hai / isase bhI eka paga Age jAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra anya dharmoM ke prati bhI samatA para AdhArita udAra dRSTi

Page #44
With best Compliments from. MILAPCHAND HIRALALL 2, RAJA WOOD MUNT STREET, CALCUTTA-1 (Guddy 22-1724 PHONE. Resi 24,6796 (Garden 61-9425

Page #45
koNa apanAne kA Agraha karate hai / syAdvAda samadRSTi se pratyeka mAnyatA meM satyAMza kI, guNAtmakatA ko khoja karatA hai| vaha yaha kahatA hai ki jo merA, vaha saccA yaha Dhir3horA mata piitto| yaha kaho ki jo saccA vaha meraa| kitanI vizAla hRdayatA, sahiSNutA aura guNagrAhakatA hai isa syAdvAda siddhAnta me / mahAvIra ke upadeza me kahI bhI aisI lakSmaNa rekhA nahI, jisakA ulaghana kisI ke lie varjita ho| unhone mAnava-jIvana kI zreSThatA, pavitratA, paramAtmarUpakatA para bala diyaa| anta me zramaNa zabda kI kucha vyAkhyAe~ isa mAnyatA ko saMpuSTa karatI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra pUrNataH samadRSTi the| "zrAmaNa mamatA, ahaMkAra se rahita, Asakti vihIna hotA hai| vaha saba me samAna bhAva rakhatA hai| lAbhAlAbha, sukha duHkha, jIvanamaraNa, nindA prazaMsA, mAnApamAna me samabhAva hI rahatA hai / " "jo kisI se duSa nahI karatA, saba se prema karatA hai, vahI saccA zramaNa hai|" "zramaNa na isa loka kI kAmanA karatA hai na paraloka kii| sarpa ho yA candana, AhAra ho yA anAhAra, vaha samabhAva hI rahatA hai|" __"jaise mujhe duHkha aniSTa hai vaise hI dUsare prANiyo ko| isa prakAra jo na to hisA karatA hai aura sabake prati samAna athavA tulya vyavahAra karatA hai, vahI zramaNa hai|" With best Compliments from : BHANWARLAL JASKARAN JUTE BROKERS 12, India Exchange Place, CALCUTTA-I

Page #46
best Complements from Mlle Keshavlal Khanderia 107. Ole Chena Bazar Snoot, Calcutta-7

Page #47
4 Risabhanath with Ambika Khandagiri, Orissa Rock-cut Sculptures, Kalugumalai, Tamilnad Courtesy-Jain Bhawan

Page #48
Yuan d t t lq. 1

Page #49
kSamA aura ahiMsA kI sarvagrAhyatA DA0 daravArIlAla koThiyA zAnti aura sukha aise jIvana-mUlya hai jisakI cAha mAnavamAtra ko rahatI hai| azAnti aura duHkha / kisI ko bhI iSTa nahI, aisA sabhI kA anumAna hai aspatAla ke usa rogI se pUchiye, jo kisI pIr3A se karAha rahA hai aura DAkTara se zIghra svastha hone ke liye kAtara hokara yAcanA karatA hai / vaha rogI yahI uttara degA ki hama pIr3A kI upazAnti aura cena cAhate hai| usa garIba aura dIna-hIna AdamI se prazna kariye, jo abhAvo se , pIDita hai / vaha bhI yahI javAba degA ki hameM ye abhAva na satAye aura hama sukha se jiyeN| usa amIra aura sAdhana sampanna vyakti ko bhI TaToliye jo vAhya sAdhano se bharapUra hote hue bhI rAta-dina cintita hai| vaha bhI zAnti / ' aura sukha kI icchA vyakta kregaa| yuddha bhUmiyo me laDa rahe usa yoddhA se bhI savAla kariye jo deza kI rakSA ke / liye prANotsarga karane ke liye udyata hai| usakA bhI uttara yahI milegA ki vaha antaraga meM zAnti aura sukha kA icchuka hai| isa taraha vibhinna sthitiyo meM phaMse vyakti-vyakti kI Antarika cAha zAnti aura sukha kI prApti kI milegii| manuSya saMvedanazIla hai / yaha saMvedanazIlatA hara manuSya meM cAhe vaha kisI bhI deza, kisI bhI jAti aura kisI bhI varga kA ho, pAyI jaayegii| isakA saMvedana hone para use zAnti aura sukha milatA hai tathA aniSTa kA saMvedana usake azAnti aura duHkha kI paricAyaka hai| isa sarvekSaNa se hama isa parimANa para pahuMcate hai ki manuSya ke jIvana kA mUlya zAnti aura sukha hai| yaha bAta usa samaya aura adhika anubhava me A jAtI hai jaba hama kisI yuddha se virata hote hai yA kisI bhArI parezAnI se mukta hote haiM / darzana aura siddhAnta aise anubhavo ke AdhAra se hI nirmita hote aura zAzvata bana jAte hai| jaba mana meM krodha kI udabhUti hotI hai to usake bhayaMkara pariNAma dRSTi gocara hote hai| amerikA ne jaba / jApAna para yuddha meM usake do nagaro ko vamo se dhvasa kara diyA to vizva ne usakI bhatrsanA kii| phalataH saba ora se zAnti kI cAha kI gayI / krodha ke vipele kITANu kevala Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa aura kSetra ko hI dhvasta nahI karate / khuda kA bhI nAza kara dete hai| hiTalara aura musolanI ke krodha ne unheM vizva ke citra para se sadA ke liye asta kara diyaa| dara na jAye, pAkistAna ne jo krodhonmAda kA pradarzana kiyA usane pUrvI hisse ko usase hamezA ke liye alaga kara diyaa| vyakti kA krodha kabhI-kabhI bhArI se bhArI hAni pahuMcA detA hai| isake udAharaNa dene kI jarUrata nahIM hai yaha sarvavidita hai|| kSamA eka aisA hI asa vala hai jo krodha ke vAra ko nirarthaka hI nahIM karatA, krodhI ko namita karA detA hai / kSamA se kSamAvAna kI rakSA hotI hai. usase unakI bhI rakSA hotI hai, jinapara vaha kI jAtI hai| kSamA kara hai jo Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko mahakA detI hai aura dhIre-dhIre harake hRdaya meM vaha beTha jAtI hai| kSamA bhItara se upajatI hai, ataH usameM bhaya kA lezamAtra bhI nahI rahatA / vaha vIro kA vala hai, kAyaro kA nahI, kAyara to kSaNa-kSaNa meM bhayabhIta aura avijita hotA rahatA hai / para kSamAvAna nirbhaya aura vijayI hotA hai| vaha aisI vijaya prApta karatA hai jo zatru ko bhI usakA banA detI hai| kSamAvAna ko krodha AtA nahI, usase vaha koso dUra rahatA hai|

Page #50
With best Compliments from : Varanashi Metal & Wire Factory --' 8/3, DUFFER STREET, LILUHA HOWRAH MFRS. OF QUALITY M. S. WIRE, -ANILD WIRE, BINDING WIRE ETC With Best Compliments from ; M/S. HAZAREEMULL HEERALAL ( ESTD. 1883 ) WHOLESALE DEALERS & SUPPLIERS IN COTTON PIECE GOODS THROUGHOUT WEST BENGAL - 148, COTTON STREET, CALCUTTA-7 - "Honest is the best Policy"

Page #51
vAstava meM kSamA-kSamatA sahana zIlatA manuSya kA eka aisA guNa hai jo do nahI, tIna nahI, hajAro, lAkho aura karoDoM manuSyI ko joDatA hai unhe eka-dUsare ke nikaTa lAtA hai| saMyukta rASTra saMgha jesI vizva saMsthA, isI kebala para khaDI ho sakI hai aura jaba taka usame yaha guNa rahegA taba taka vaha vanA rhegaa| tIrthakara mahAvIra meM yaha guNa atIva thaa| phalataH unake nikaTa jAti aura prakRti virodhI prANI-sarpanevalA, siMha-gAya jaise bhI ApasI baira bhAva ko bhUlakara Azraya lete the| manuSyoM kA to kahanA hI kyA 1 unakI dRSTi meM manuSya mAtra eka the| haoN, guNo ke vikAsa kI apekSA unakA darjA U~cA hotA jAtA thaa| aura apanA sthAnagrahaNa karatA jAtA thaa| jinakI dRSTi pUta ho jAtI thI ve samyakRSTi, jinakA dRSTi ke sAtha jJAna pavitra (asadAbhavamukta) ho jAtA thA ve samyakajJAnI aura jisakA dRSTi aura jJAna ke sAtha AcaraNa bhI pAvana ho jAtA thA ve samyaka cAritrI kahe jAte the aura vaisA hI unhe mAna sammAna milatA thaa| kSamA yathArtha meM ahiMsA kI hI eka prakAzapUrNa kiraNa hai, jisase antaratama suAlokisa ho jaataahai| ahisaka prathamataH AtmA ora mana ko valiSTha banAne ke liye isa kSamA ko bhItara se vikasita karatA, gAr3hA vanAtA aura unnata karatA hai / kSamA ke unnata honepara usakI rakSA ke liye hRdaya me komalatA saralatA aura nirlobhavRti kI bAkI (rakSakAvali) ropatA hai / ahisA ko hI sarvA gapUrNa banAne ke liye satya, acaurya, zIla aura aparigraha kI nirmala evaM udAnta vRtiyo kA bhI vaha aharniza AcaraNa karatA hai| ahiMsA kA vAstivaka svarUpa sAmAnyatayA ahisA use kahA jAtA hai jo kisI prANI ko na mArA jAya / parantu vaha ahiMsA kI bahuta sthUla paribhASA hai / tIrthakara mahAvIra ne ahisA use batalAyA jisase kisI prANI ko mArane kA na mana meM vicAra Aye, na vANI se kucha kahA jAya aura na hAtha Adi kI kriyAe kI jAye / tAtparya yaha ki hiMsA ke vicAra, hiMsA ke vacana aura hiMsA ke prayatna na karanA ahisA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka vyakti hisA kA vicAra na rakhatA huA aise vacana vola detA hai yA usakI kriyA ho jAtI hai jisase kisI jIva kI hisA sambhava hai to use hiMsaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| pramattayoga kaSAya se honevAlA prANa vyayaropaNa hI hiMsA hai| hiMsA aura ahimA vastutaH vyakti ke bhAvo para nirbhara hai| vyakti ke bhAva hisA ke hai to vaha hisaka hai aura yadi usake bhAva hiMsA ke nahI hai to vaha ahisaka hai| isa viSaya meM hame vaha machuA aura kRSaka udAharaNa hai machuA jo jalAzaya meM jAla phelAye veThA hai aura pratikSaNa machalI grahaNa kA bhAva rakhatA hai, para machalI pakaDa me nahI AtI tathA kRpaka jo kheta jotakara anna upajAtA hai aura kisI jIva ke ghAta kA bhAva nahI rakhatA, para aneka jIva kheta jotane se marate haiN| vAstava meM machuA ke kSaNakSaNa ke pariNAma hiMsA ke hone se vaha hisaka kahA jAtA hai aura kRSaka ke bhAva himA ke na hokara anna upajAne ke hone se vaha ahiMsaka mAnA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne hisA-ahimA ko bhAva pradhAna batalAkara unakI sAmAnya paribhASA se kucha U~ce uThakara ukta sukSma paribhASAeM aimI hai jo hame pApa aura vaMcanA se vacAtI hai tathA tathya ko sparza karatI hai| ahisaka dRSTikoNa va Avazyaka hiMsA ahiMsaka khetI kara sakatA hai, vyApAra dhandhe kara sakatA hai aura jIvana rakSA tathA deza rakSA ke liye zastra bhI uThA sakatA hai kyoki usakA bhAva AtmarakSA kA hai, AkramaNa kA nhiiN| yadi vaha bAkramaNa honepara use saha letA hai to usakI vaha ahisA nahI hai, kAyaratA hai| kAyaratA se vaha AkramaNa mahatA hai aura kAyaratA meM bhaya thA

Page #52
ho jAtA hai tathA bhaya hiMsA kA hI eka bheda hai / vaha paraghAta na karate huye bhI svaghAta karatA hai| ataH mahAvIra ne ahisA kI vArIkI kI na kevala svaya samajhA aura Acarita kiyA, apitu use usa rUpa meM hI AcaraNa karane kA unhoMne upadeza diyaa| - yadi Aja kA manuNya manuSya se prema karanA cAhatA hai aura mAnavatA kI rakSA cAhatA hai to use mahAvIra kI isa sUkSma kSamA aura ahiMsA ko apanAnA hI pddegaa| vaha sambhava nahI ki bAhara se hama manuSya prema kI duhAI deM ora bhItara se kaTAra calAte rahe / manuSya prema ke liye antasa aura vAhara dono meM eka honA caahiye| kadAcita hama vAhara prema kA pradarzana na kareM to na kareM, kintu antasa meM to vaha avazya ho| tabhI vizvamAnavatA jI sakatI hai aura usake jInepara anya prANIyo para bhI karuNA ke bhAva vikasita ho sakate haiN| kSamA aura ahiMsA aise ucca sadbhAvapUrNa AcaraNa hai jinake hote hI samAja meM, deza meM, vizva meM aura jana-jana me prema aura karuNA ke aMkura ugakara phUla-phUla sakate haiM tathA sabhI sukhI bana sakate haiN| Gram: "GREENPEAS" Office 35-9917 * Resi & Guddy : 34-0160 // ahiMsA paramo dharma // SURAJMALL CHANDMALL VEGETABLE MERCHANTS & COMMISSION AGENTS S TRADE MARKS Office 137, Bipin Behari Ganguli St Calcutta-12 Resi Guddy 147, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Calcutta-7 saMyamahI jIvana hai-AcArya tulasI jaya javAna jaya kisAna

Page #53
padhAro bhagavAna mahAvIra vizva kA karane ko kalyANa ( racayitA-anUpacanda jaina, nyAyatIrtha jayapura) - are : tumhArA abhinandana he vIra ! ahiMsA sAkSAt avatAra tumhArA zata zata vaMdana nAtha satya kI sukhada mUrti sAkAra / / tumhArA vizva zAti ke dUta nAma se hotA hai sammAna / / padhAro / / janma le kuNDalapura meM deva! bane siddhAratha rAjakumAra kahAye mahAvIra ati vIra miTA kara viSadhara kI phukAra // alpa vaya meM hI sanmati Apa ho gaye the prakANDa vidvAna |pdhaaro| jagata parivartana zIla vicAra! cale vana chor3a rAjasI ThATha tor3akara jana parijana se moha par3hAne satya ahiMsA - pATha / / dikhAne sIdhA saccA mArga kare jo sva para kA kalyANa |pdhaaro|| svayaM ho Atma sAdhanA lIna ! kiyA usa divya jyoti ko prApta milA sukha darzana jJAna ananta ho gaye Apta pUrNa paryApta / / rahA kucha nahIM jAnA zeSa diyA taya yaha saMdiza mahAna pdhaaro|

Page #54
RA nahIM hai prANi mAtra meM bheda / sabhI hai jaga ke jIva samAna nahIM hai dhanika dIna meM bheda rAva au raMka samajha ajJAna // dalita dukhiyo se karanA pyAra, pApase ghRNA karo nAdAna pdhaaro|| NATALI samanvaya sIkho Agraha choDa / vacana meM syAdvAda siddhAnta kathana meM anekAnta kA yoga milAo sabhI dvaMda ho zAnta // sabhI dharmoM kA ye hI sAra ahisA maya AcAra pradhAna pdhaaro| BAI bure haiM jAti pAti ke roga / sAmpradAyikatA kI yaha hor3a bure hai rUr3hi andha vizvAsa bar3ho aba Age inako chodd'| tyAga chala, chadma aura pAkhaNDa, bar3hAo Aja rASTra kI zAna // 10 // parigraha Avazyaka se adhika | kabhI nA rakho apane pAsa bATa do sabako yuga ke anusAra yahI hai saccA Atma-vikAsa // vipaya meM anAzakti hI yoga, dhAra kara kara lo abhyutthAna |pdhaaro|| ka R A A.COMKALA paraspara vaira bhAva ko chor3a / viSamatA kI do khAyI pATa prema baMdhana meM baMdho 'anUpa' dikhA do apanA rUpa virATa / vizva vandhutva bhAvanA jage yahI ho pAvana lakSya mahAna pdhaaro| padhAro mahAvIra bhagavAna . vizva kA karane ko kalyANa !!

Page #55
tyAgavIra bhagavAna mahAvIra -zrI agaracanda nAhaTA jaina dharma ke anusAra kAla ananta hai, utthAna evaM patana va rUpa parivartana kA cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai, parivartana ko pradhAnatA dete hue kAla cakra ko do bhAgo me baoNTa diyA gayA hai, utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI iname se prathama me kramazaH vikAsa hotA hai aura dUsare me hrAsa, vartamAna kAla ko avasarpiNI kAla kahA jAtA hai, isake prArambha me mAnava jIvana bhoga pradhAna thaa| yadyapi usa samaya bhogopabhoga ke sAdhana bahuta hI sImita the para usa kAla ke mAnava tyAga va dharma ko apanA nahI sake the, isalie use bhoga bhUmi kA kAla kahA jAtA hai, isake pazcAt yadyapi bhogopabhoga ke sAdhana pUrvApekSA bahuta adhika aviSkRta prAdurbhata hue para sAtha hI unake tyAga ne vAle mahApuruSa bhI aneka hue| prArambhika tIno Aro me manuSya kA jIvana eka prAkRtika DhaoNce me DhalA huA-sA thaa| janma ke samaya me eka bAlaka aura bAlikA sAtha hI utpanna hote the ataH unhe yugalika kahA jAtA hai ve prAkRtika prakRti kI chAyA me vaDe hote aura strI-puruSa kA vyavahAra ( saMgama-kAma bhoga) karate unake khAna-pAna vastrAdi kI AvazyakatAe~ pUrNa ho jAtI, isalie unhe anya kAma yA zrama karake utpAdana karane kI AvazyakatA nahI rahatI, jena mAnyatA ke anusAra Aja bhI isa vizva meM kaI kSetra aise hai jinhe yugaliko kI bhoga bhUmi kI saMjJA prApta hai| tyAga mArga ke prathama puraskartA : tIsare Are ke anta me bha0 RSabhadeva utpanna hue| unhone yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra vivAhAdi ke sambandho me parivartana kiyA / rAjanIti, vidyA, kalAkA pravartana kiyA / kRSi, asi, masikA vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa tava se yaha kSetra 'kama-bhUmi' kahalAne lgaa| prAkRtika sAdhano vRkSo ke phala kI kamI aura AvazyakatAo kI vRddhi dvArA jo loka-jIvana meM asaMgati evaM asuvidhA utpanna ho gaI thI, usakA samAdhAna bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kiyA, ataH ve sarvaprathama 'rAjA' va loka-netA khlaaye| gRhasthI bhogI jIvana ke anantara unhone tyAgamaya jIvana ko apanAyA aura sarvaprathama tyAga kA Adarza upasthita kara janatA ko usakI ora AkarSita kiyaa| tyAga dharma ke prati AsthA rakhane vAle zrAvaka-zrAvikA, sAdhu-sAdhvI ina caturvidha tIrtha-saMgha ke sthApaka hone se ve prathama tIrtha kara khlaaye| unakI bhavya evam udAt paramparA me anya 22 tIrtha karo ke ho jAne ke bAda 24veM tIrthakara bha0 mahAvIra he| unake pazcAta anya koI tItheM kara isa avasarpiNIkAla me isa bharata kSetra me nahI hone ke kAraNa ve carama tIrthaGkara kahalAte hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mUla yAne janma nAma vaddha mAna thA, para unakI adbhuta dhIratA kI khyAti utanI adhika bar3hI kI vartamAna nAma kevala zAstro me hI sImita raha gayA, prasiddhi 'mahAvIra' nAma ko hI milI bhAra tIya saMskRti me vIra zabda kevala raNavIra ke liye hI prayukta nahIM hotA, apitu dAna evaM tyAgAdi dharmoM meM prakarSatA karane vAle bhI dAnavIra se sambodhita kiye jAte hai / mahAvIra kA tapa bhI mahAna thA, ataH unheM tapavIra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| dIkSA ke pUrva 1 varSa taka nirantara dAna dete rahane se 'dAnavIra' to the hI, para dAna evaM tapa dono kA

Page #56
Space donated by - Electrical Accessories Co. MERCANTILE BUILDINGS, 2nd FLOOR, Telephone 23-0466 Telephone LALL BAZAR STREET, CALCUTTA-I With best Compliments from MARSON'S 4, CHANDNI CHOWK STREET, Gram. CALCUTTA-13. Manufacturers of Power & Distribution Transformers upto 33 K V, Potential & Current Transformel upto 33 K V Metering Sets in Combination of P T & C T, upto 33 K V AUTO Transformers, High Voltage Testing Transformers upto 132 KV HT. Office 23-4550 23-464S Works 66-4417 B COINFIELD LT Coil Winding Machines, Pipe Bending Machines & Complete Trailor Made Plant for Manufacturing Power & Distribution Transformers & Voltage Stabilizers Etc Cable ELENRE

Page #57
samAveSa tyAga meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH maine prastuta lekha ke zIrSaka me unake Age tyAgavIra vizeSaNa rakhA hai / aba bhagavAna mahAvIra kI Adarza tyAga - vIratA para saMkSipta vivaraNa upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai / yaha zarIra bhogo ke dvArA utpanna hotA hai aura unhI se bar3hatA hai ataH jIvana me paudgalika bhAgo kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / eka taraha se AhAra, maithuna Adi kI jIvo kI prAkRtika AvazyakatAe~ bhI kahA sakatA hai, kyoMki inake binA jIvana cala nahI sakatA, Tika nahIM pAtA para bandhana kA kAraNa hone se bhoga, mokSa mArga kA virodhI hai| yaha saMsAra ina bhogo kI Asakti para hI Azrita yA AdhArita hai| isaliye mahApuruSo ne bhoga-rUpI kIcar3a se Upara uThakara tyAga ko pradhAnatA dI / jIvana dhAraNa ke liye khAna-pAna kA upayoga jitane parimANa meM anivArya hai, usako anAsakti pUrvaka grahaNa karate hue bhogopabhogo ko ghaTAte jAnA aura tyAga kI ora vaDhate hI AdhyAnika jAgRti hai viSaya bhogo kA Adara paudgalika Asakti hai| jahA~ taka hamArA dehAdhyAsa AtmA / / gauNa rahegI / bhogo ko vandhana kA kAraNa evaM tyAga kI mukti kA mArga batalAyA hai| vaidika saMskRti mUlataH yaza pradhAna thI para bhramaNa saMskRti ke prabhAva se usame bhI sanyAsa yA tyAga mArga ko sarvocca sthAna denA paDA yadyapi usame brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha Azrama ke bAda tyAga ko dhAraNa kiyA jA sakane kA vidhAna hai| jaina saMskRti me tyAga nivRti pradhAna hai jo vyakti sanyAsa dhAraNa nahI kara sakate, ve gRhastha dharma aNuvrata kA pAlana kare, yaha vidhAna hone para bhI mahatva tyAga ko hI diyA gayA hai / atratI, gRhastha hI sAdhAraNa koTi hai| aNuvatI hI gRhastha jIvana kA vaiziSThaya hai| vrata grahaNa se hI tyAga mArga Arambha hotA hai, vaise vastuoM kI aprApti meM yA anicchA pUrvaka bhI tyAga hotA hai / vaise vastuo kI aprApti meM yA yA anicchApUrvaka bhI tyAga hotA hai| para vaha vrata nahIM hai| mata ko AMzika rUpa meM dhAraNa karane vAle deza virati zramaNopAsaka yA Apaka kahalAte hai aura vrato ko pUrNa rUpa se dhAraNa karane vAle 'mahAvatI' hote hai / inakA Azika tyAga hI deza virati yA aNuvrata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gRhasthAvasthA meM bhI tyAga ko apanA liyA thaa| nizcayAnusAra apane mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke anantara unhone jaba sanyAsa grahaNa kI bhAvanA vyakta kI to unake baDe bhAI nandI vardhana ne unhe rokA / ve unake anurodha se do varSa ora ghara me rahe para anAsakta sAdhu kI taraha, pichale eka varSa to unhone pratidina dAna diyA jisase sAmvatsarika dAna kahA jAtA hai, do varSa pUre hote hI tIsa varSa kI pUrNa yauvanAvasthA me bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aNagAra dharma kA svIkAra kiyA aura nigrantha bane / kuTumba, parivAra, vastrAbhUSaNa, dhana, jana, bhUmi Adi samasta vAhya padArthoM evaM dehAsakti Adi abhyantara parigraha ke tyAga ko svIkAra kiyaa| unake zramaNa hone kA sarvaprathama pratijJA vAkya yaha hai " karemi sAmAiyaM, savvaM sAvajja paccakkhAmi" arthAt unhone sama bhAva kA svIkAra svayaM sarva sAvadha pApa karmoM kA tyAga karane kI pratizA lii| pA~ca indriyoM ke viSaya bhoga sAvadha pApa kArya hone se evaM dhana, parivAra zarIra kI mamatA sAvadha pApa hone se mahAvIra ni koTi kA thA / zramaNa hone ke bAda unhone kabhI bhI apane mur3akara nahIM dekhA arthAta unakI kabhI icchA taka nahIM kI tanika bhI moha nahI rakkhA, parigraha kA tyAga itanA uccakoTi kA kiyA ki zarIra nirvAha ke liye Avazyaka vastrAdi kA bhI sarvathA parityAga karake ve pUrNa digambara vana gaye itanA hI nahI, unhone anna pAna Adi AhAra ko tyAga kara ugra tapa ko apanAyA / sAdhanAvasthA ke 12 // varSo me pUre varSa bhara ( 360 dina bhI ) unhoMne AhAra grahaNa nahIM kiyA, zIta tApa Adi prAkRtika zArIrika kaSToM kI sahana kiyA sAtha hI deva manuSya, tirvaca ke diye huye kaThora evaM maraNAntika kaSTo ko bhI samabhAva se sahA yaha unake dehA-zakti parityAga kI sarvocca sthiti thii| isa prakAra unhone moha mamatva kA sarvathA tyAga kara mahAna tyAgI yA tyAgavIra kA Adarza upasthita kiyA / vAstava 6 bane / unakA parityAga bahuta hI vilakSaNa evaM ucca parivAra kI sudhi nahIM lI, rAjabhogo kI ora kabhI janmabhUmi evaM bhAI putrI Adi svajana parijano kA

Page #58
"maiguNI ko utkarpa avaguNo ke tyAga ke vinA sambhava nhii| isI liye dharma ke do rUpa mAne gaye haiM-vidhi aura niSedha amuka kAma karanA cAhiye, isa vidhAna ke sAtha usase virodhI amuka kAma nahI karanA cAhiye aisA niSedha rUpa dharma (zikSA ) kA sambandha juDA huA hai / arthAt vidhi ke sAtha niSedha kA ghaniSTha sambandha juDA huA hai / jaina +dharma meM to nipedha kA vidhi se bhI adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| jaise hiMsA ke tyAga rUpa dharma kA nAma hI ahisA hai / isI taraha asatya, corI, maithuna, parigraha ke tyAga kI pratijJA bhI hiMsA, mRSA adattA dAna, maithuna parigraha virAmaNa Adi zabdo dvArA kI jAtI hai| "viramaNa" arthAt virAma lenA-tyAganA, pApa kAryoM se virata honA hI hai| heya, jJaya, upAdeya isa tripaTi rUpa viveka jJAna meM tyAgane ke yogya pApo ke tyAga kA vidhAna 'heya' zabda meM sUcita hai, mana kI caMcalatA tyAga vinA dhyAna nahIM hotaa| dhyAna kI sAdhanA karane vAle ko bolanA choDa kara mauna rahanA paDatA hai eva padyAsana na anya AsanAdi dvArA kAyA kI asthiratA kA tyAga jarUrI hotA hai| jaina dharma meM mana, vacana, kAyA kI gupti kA vidhAna hai usakA tAtparya yahI hai ki ina yogo ko apane vaza me kiyA jAya, unhe bure kAryoM se haTAyA jAya, sAmayika karanA isI vidhi vAkya ke sAtha hI vizeSa sacce sarva sAvadha yogo ke pratyAkhyAna kI pratijJA kI jAtI hai| Avazyako meM pratyAkhyAna to 'tyAga' kA hI jena pAribhASika paryAyavAcI zabda hai, vaise kAyotsarga meM bhI dehAdhyAna ke tyAga kA bhAva hI pradhAna hai| pratikramaNa kA artha hai pApa sthAno se pIche muDanA usase bhI aTTAraha pApa sthAno ke tyAga hI bhAva spaSTa hai / 10 zramaNa dharmoM meM kSamA Adi dharma hai| unameM bhI krodha kA tyAga kSamA, mAyA kA tyAga-Aja-saralatA, abhimAna kA tyAga-santoSa, parigraha kA tyAga rUpa-akiMcana dharma hai aura tyAga ko svatantra dharma bhI mAnA hai| isa prakAra doSo yA pApo kA tyAga hI dharma hai / asat akuzala koM ko choDanA aura satve kuzala kamoM kA karanA hI to dharma hai / mokSa mArgatrayameM mithyAtva kA tyAga hI samyakatva haiM / icchAo kA nirodha tyAga tapa hai paudgalika saga ke nivAraNa se hI Atma svarUpa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| kA tyAga hI svabhAva ramaNatA hai / svArtha kA tyAga kiye vinA paramArtha nahI sadhatA, kamoM kA tyAga hI to mukti hai / ATha kamo kA nAza hone para hI to mukti hai, ATha karmoM ke nAza hone para hI Atmika guNo kA pUrNa pragaTIkaraNa hotA hai| bhAratIya sAdhanA praNAlI meM sata pravRti aura nivRti ina dono ko dharma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| jaina dhamoM satpravRti se kArya le ina dono ko dharma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / jaina dharma to nivRti pradhAna dharma mAnA jAtA hai, .iq usameM to tyAga hI pradhAna hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM tyAga ko AdaraNIya evaM mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / baDe se baDe bhogI rAjA, mahArAjA, cakravartI taka eka aMkicana-santa mahAtmA ke caraNo jhukate rahe hai| bhogiyo kA koI nAma bhI nahI letA, jabaki tyAgiyo kA nitya smaraNa va jApa kiyA jAtA hai / jo vyakti apane hI svArtha yA bhogo meM masta rahatA hai use koI bhI zraddhA se nahI dekhtaa| zraddhA bhAjana vahI banatA hai jo dUsare ke bhale ke liye apane svArtha kA parityAga kreN| tyAga, doSo kA hotA hai, guNo kA nhii| jitane azo me durguNa, durvyasana asat aMga va asat prasaMgo kA tyAga kiyA jAegA, utanA hI guNo kA vikAsa hogaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra jese Adarza tyAgI se hame tyAga kI mahAna zikSA grahaNa kara apane jIvana ko dhanya banAnA caahiye| para ye dhyAna rahe ki hamArA tyAga dikhAU na ho, kisI davAva se na ho, ataH vAhara kI vastuo ko tyAga dene para bhI yadi antara me unakI icchA banI rahatI hai to vaha vAstava meM tyAga nahI, tyAga aura vairAgya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai / vairAgya meM punaH zithilatA AnA sambhava hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI smRti rUpa jayantI manAte hue hama tyAga dharma ko adhikAdhika apanAve yahI jayantI manAne kI sArthakatA hai|

Page #59
sAmyavAda, samAjavAda evaM aparigrahavAda DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla (jayapura) - vizva ke sabhI rASTra Aja ke yuga meM kisI-na-kisI vAda ke AdhAra para apane-apane rAjya kI nIti nirdhAraNa karate hai / amerikA, briTena evaM phrAMsa jese rASTra apane ko pU~jIvAda rASTra kahate hai / rUsa aura cIna ne apane ko sAmyavAdI rASTroM kI paMkti me khaDA kiyA hai tathA bhArata jaise deza ne apane ko samAjavAdI rASTra ghoSita kiyA hai| ina tIno hI praNAliyo meM janatA kI bhalAI evaM lokakalyANakArI rAjya kI parikalpanA kI jAtI hai| lekina pU~jIvAda meM jahA~ pUMjI kI aniyantrita saMcaya, upabhoga eva vitaraNa hai vahA~ sAmyavAda evaM samAjavAdI vyavasthA meM pUMjI para ekAdhikAra kI samApti tathA usake upabhoga evaM vitaraNa para aMkuza hai / pU~jIvAda me sampatti kA khulA pradarzana hai / dhanI, nirdhana evaM vargabheda kI khulI chuTa hai vahA~ sAmyavAda evaM samAjavAda me eka varga racanA kI parikalpanA hai| lekina ina sabase bhinna eka aura vAda hai jo aparigrahavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai jisameM naitikatA ke AdhAra para parigraha kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai jisase dUsaro ko bhI avaziSTa saMpatti kA lAbha mila ske| pU~jIvAda rASTra bhI apane Apako samAjavAdI rASTra ghoSita karate hai kyoki pU~jIvAda kA uddezya bhI samAja ke sabhI vargoM ko vikAsa ke ucita avasara pradAna karanA hai| samAjavAda eka Adhunika vicAradhArA hai jisakA uddezya Arthika jIvana ko niyamana dvArA samAja meM phailI huI vyaktigata asamAnatAo ko dUra karanA hai| samAjavAda una pravRttiyo kA samarthaka hai jo sArvajanika kalyANa para jora detI hai tathA usakI mAnyatA hai ki rASTra ko pulisa rAjya na hokara lokakalyANakArI vanAne kA sakalpa honA cAhie kintu sAmyavAda vargahIna samAja kA nirmANa karane kA uddezya prastuta karatA hai jisame U~ca nIca, dhanI nirdhana kA koI bheda nahI tathA jAti dharma, raMga evaM raSTrIyatA ko koI sthAna nahI / aparigrahavAda kI parikalpanA meM aise samAja kA nirmANa karanA hai jisameM rASTra kA pratyeka vyakti apanI AvazyakatAo para niyantraNa kare tathA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha ko loka kalyANa ke liye svameva vitaraNa kara de / aparigrahavAda me dUsaro ke prati sahAnubhUti hotI hai jisase prerita hokara vaha apane rASTra evaM samAja ke vyakyio ke stara ko unnata karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| sAmyavAda banAma aparigrahavAda aparigrahavAda ke siddhAnta ko pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ne deza ko usa samaya diyA thA jaba yahA~ dhanI nirdhana, UMca nIca, zikSita azikSita, brAhmaNa abrAhmaNa kA varga kA bheda apanI carama sImA para pahuMca cukA thaa| jaba unhone dekhA ki eka vyakti ke pAsa to itanA adhika saMgraha hai ki vaha usake kAraNa apane Apako saMtrasta mAnatA hai kintu eka aisA varga bhI hai jisako do jUna peTa bhara khAne ko bhI nahIM miltaa| eka vyakti ke pAsa azarphiyo kA bhaNDAra hai, hAthI ghoDo kI paMkti khaDI hai tathA naukara cAkara kI koI sImA nahI hai to dUsarI ora kucha aise bhI vyakti hai jinake pAsa ye sabhI kalpanAmAtra hai / mahAvIra se yaha sava nahI dekhA gayA aura unhone apanI dazanA meM aNuvrata evaM mahAvrato ke mAdhyama se samasta rASTra meM vyakti ke varga bheda miTAne ke li parimANavata athavA aparigraha ko jIvana me utArane kI vyavasthA kii| sAmyavAda ko rASTa me vyavahata karane ke liye krAntikArI evaM hisAtmaka paddhati kI vyavasthA au ra golI, raktapAta, evaM mArakATa sabhI kSamya hai| zAsana evaM samAja sacAlana sagIno kI noka para hotA hai| samAjavAda meM adhiniyamo ke AdhAra para samAja meM parivartana kiyA jAtA hai / vaiko kA, vImA vyavasAya kA.

Page #60
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS OF: SARAOGI PAPER MILLS 2, BYSACK STREET, CALCUTTA-7 Gram PUSPADANT Telephone * 33-5845 & 33-8220 WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM : Phone Resi 22-3230 Office 33-2047 M/s. PANNALAL SAGARMAL 10, CANNING STREET, CALCUTTA

Page #61
vaso kA rASTrIyakaraNa isI kA eka aMga hai| gehU~ eva cAvala ke vyApAra eva vitaraNa kA rASTrIyakaraNa bhI samAja - bAda kI dizA meM pahale sIThI batAyI jAtI hai| svayaM indirA gA~dhI ne ina sabako samAjavAda kI dizA meM agrasara honA batalAyA hai| lekina aparigrahavAda meM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hai / vahA~ na saMgIno kA bhaya hai aura na adhiniyama ko vyavasthA hai kintu vyakti svayaMmeva apanI AvazyakatAo ko kama se kama karatA hai / isa vyavasthA meM hRdaya kA parivartana hai tathA ahiMsA prema evaM sahAnubhUti kI pradhAnatA hai / sAmyavAda paraspara meM ghRNA, irSyA evaM manamuTAva ko janma detA hai / samAjavAda meM adhiniyamo ke adhAra para dUsaro kI sampatti para adhikAra kara jAtA hai jaba ki aparigrahavAda me manuSya svayaMmeva tyAga kI ora pravRta hotA hai tathA samAja meM eka dUsare ke pra prema evaM sadbhAva ko protsAhana milatA hai / sAmyavAda vicAradhArA me vyakti me sArvajanika kalyANa kI koI bhAvanA nahI rahatI / yadyapi vahAM sabhI ko vikAsa ke samucita avasara pradAna kiye jAte hai phira bhI manuSya apanI buddhi, pratibhA evaM sAdhano ke AdhArapara apanA vikAsa karatA hai| isI taraha samAjavAdI vyavasthA me bhI svapara kalyANa kI bhAvanA kama hotI jAtI hai / so kA rASTrIyakaraNa ke pahale nija baso ke mAliko dvArA sthAna-sthAna para jalagraha kI vyavasthA kI jAtI thI, vRddho apAhijo evaM asahAyoM ke liye kalyANakArI koSa sthApita the lekina aba usakA koI prazna nahI hai kyoki sabhI rASTrIya saMpatti bana cukI hai / aparigrahavAda me dayA evaM dAna kA vidhAna hai| tyAga kA sarvoparI sthAna hai tathA manuSya meM dUsaro ke prati kalyANa karane kI bhAvanA kI pramukhatA hai / auSadha - dAna, jJAnadAna, ahAradAna evaM abhayadAna, sabhI kA isame vidyamAna hai / samAjavAdI vyavasthA me yadyapi hisA ko koI sthAna nahI hai lekina kAnUna ke AdhAra para dUsaro kI sampatti para jabarana kabjA karane kA vidhAna hai| deza me jo Aja rASTrIyakaraNa kA jora hai vaha saba inhI vicAro ke kAraNa hai / isa vyavasthA meM manuSya apane vikAsa ko antima sImA taka nahI jA sakatA / vyApArI apane vyApAra ko vistAra karane se DaratA hai / udyogapati bar3e-baDe udyoga lagAne me hicakatA hai aura kisAna ko unmakta rUpa se khetI karane kA avasara nahI miltaa| sabako simita kara diyA gayA hai / sImAeM bA~dha dI gayI hai aura sImA se adhika hone para use rASTra kI sampatti ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai / lekina aparigrahavAda meM sImA kA bandhana hone hue bhI usameM vyakti ko apane vikAsa kA pUrNa avasara milatA hai| isake atirikta aparigrahavAda meM kevala vAdhya meM parigraha para hI aMkuza lagAne kI vyavasthA hI nahIM hai kintu manuSya ko apanI Antarika burAiyo evaM kamiyo se bacane kA bhI prAvadhAna hai / vaha kevala kheta, makAna, dhana, dhAnya, vastra, pazudhana, savArI, sayyA, evaM Asana Adi kI AvazyakatAo para hI aMkuza lagAne ko nahI kahatA kintu, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tathA rati, arati, zoka, bhaya aura ghRNA jaisI burAiyo para bhI aMkuza rakhane kI vyavasthA karatA hai / vAstava meM mahAvIra ne mAnava kI svabhAvika kamajorI para dhyAna diyA aura usako dUra karane kA upadeza kiyaa| Aja deza meM jo saMskRti ke sthAna hai, pUjA evaM upAsanA ke sthAna hai ve bhI hamArI isI aparigrahavAdI vicAra dhArA ke pratIka hai | sAmyavAda evaM samAjavAda meM aisI pravRtiyo ke lie koI sthAna nahI | isa prakAra aparigraha vartamAna yuga ke liye sabase acchI rAmavANa davA hai jo eka aura manuSya ke apane vikAsa kI pUrNa svatantratA detA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora vaha atisaMgraha para aMkuza lagAne kI bhI preraNA detA hai / yaha eka aisI ahiMsaka paddhati hai jisameM kalyANakArI samAja kI vyavasthA hai| U~ca-nIca, dhanI nirdhana ke bheda bhAva ko bhulAkara mAnava mAtra meM prema, sadbhAvanA evaM kalyANakArI bhAvanA ko protsAhita karatA hai / yahI nahI vaha manuSya kI Antarika burAiyo ke sagraha para bhI roka lagAtA hai aura ina burAiyo ko jIvana se nikAla kara zuddha eva pAvana jIvana nirmANa kI ora preraNA detA hai kyoki jaba taka mAnava jIvana me ina burAiyoM para niyantraNa nahI hogA taba taka jIvana me sukha evaM zAnti ke sAtha hI kalyANakArI bhAvanA kI utpatti bhI nahI ho skegii| _-_-XX-~-~-~-~-~

Page #62
Everlite Insulating Industries Private Limited. 11, BRABOURNE ROAD, CALCUTTA-I Phone 22-7251 Cable ENAMELWIRE MANUFACTURERS OF COPPER & ALUMINIUM WINDING WIRES With the best Compliments of* Gram LANDAKOTA Telex MAGWIRE 021-7464 BALURGHAT TRANSPORT CO. 2, RAMLOCHAN MULLICK STREET, CALCUTTA-1 City Office: 44-7823 34-6678 Office 34-7097-98

Page #63
hiMsA-rata vizva ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra kA amara sandeza rAjavaidya jasavanta rAya jaina, kalakattA samayaM gomaya ! mA pamAyae -he gautama ! tU kSaNa mAtra bhI pramAda na kara / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yaha amara vANI samasta mAnava-jAti ke liye hai| Aja jaba ki hama pramatta hai, unmata / hai, yuddha-rata hai hisA va ghRNA se bhare hai-usa samaya bhagavAna vardhamAna prabhU sampUrNa mAnava jAti ke mAno jAgaraNa kA amara svara pradAna karate huye kaha rahe hai jAgo, uTho, kSaNa mAtra bhI pramAda na kro| bhagavAn mahAvIra tapa, saMyama, tyAga va vairAgya ke mUrtimAna avatAra the| unhone vipula vaibhava, aizvarya evaM bhoga ko ThukarAkara saMyama kA mArga liyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA avatarana 2571 varSa pahale vartamAna bihAra prAMta ke kSatriya kuNDa grAma mahArAja siddhArtha kI maharAnI trizalA kI pavitra kukSa se caitra zuklA triyodazI ko huA thA / tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM Apane sAdhu dharma grahaNa kiyA aura kaThora tapazcaryA ke pariNAma svarUpa Apane kaivalya jJAna prApta kiyaa| bhava bandhana ke khula jAne se mahAvIra nigaNTha yA nigrantha kI upAdhi se vibhUSita huye| rAga dvaSa rupI zatruo para vijaya pAne ke kAraNa Apa hI jina (jainA) hai Apa hI tIrthakara arhat evaM mahAvIra haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne manuSya jAti ko AzA, utsAha va paurUSa se uddIpta kiyaa| Apane sandeza diyA ki sabhI ko mukta hone kA adhikAra hai aura sabhI apane puruSArtha se kaivalya prApta kara sakate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sandeza kisI eka deza ke liye nahI, eka jAti ke liye nahI, eka varga ke liye nahI. eka kAla vizeSa ke liye nahIM-yaha sandeza sanAtana hai, sArvabhauma hai, sArvakAlika hai| "ahisA" kA mahAna sandeza hI Aja manuSya jAti ko mahAvinAza, mahAdhvaMsa evaM sarvanAza se bacA sakatA hai| mahAvIra kA jIvana aDisA kI virATa prayogazAlA thI-Apane ahisA kA parama sAkSAtkAra kara apane ko abhaya banAyA thaa| ahisA kA Amogha astra hI mAnava jAti ko pAzavika pravRtiyoM se bacA sakatA hai| saMyamahIna jIvana kI ora bar3hate huye duniyA~ ke liye samyak darzana, samyak jJAna evaM samyak caritra hI eka aisA mArga haijahA~ usakI rakSA, pragati evaM vikAsa sambhava hai| unakA bhautika upadeza yahI thA ki svayaM satya rUpa bano aura satya kA mAkSAtkAra kro| asatya se ghire rahakara satya kI prApti asaMbhava hai| duHkha kA mUla kAmanA hai-duHkha ke mahAsAgara se santaraNa karane kA eka mAtra gaya hai-kAmanA para aMkuza lagAnA parigraha ghaTAne me hI saccA sukha va santopa hai|

Page #64
Aja manuSya jAti aneka rASTro, daloM, vibhinna rAjanItika ziviro va sagrAma-saMgho meM baMTI huI hairAta-dina paraspara ghRNA vaimanasya va virodho kA tuphAna uTha rahA hai koI kisI ke dRSTiroNa ko samajhAne ke liye teyAra nahI-usa samaya kevala anekAntavAda hI eka aisA upAya hai jo vizva maitrI, mAnava ekatA evaM paraspara sahAnubhUti ko jagA sakatA hai duragraho se manuSya jAti ko mukta kara sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAskara hai-jinake prakAza ke sabhI adhikArI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra amRta varSA megha hai-jinakI zItala tApa haranevAlI varSA para sabhI pIDito kA adhikAra hai| mahAvIra kI vANI zAnta, gaMbhIra evaM vairAgya kI AbhA se Alokita hai / vyakti, samAja, rASTra sabhI stara para mahAvIra kI vANI sArI samasyAo kA samAdhAna hai| hamAre sAmane 2500vaoN nirvANa zatAvdI kA svarNAvasara hai, isa avasara para hama apanA Atma nirikSaNa kareM, apane ko unnata banAveM, tabhI mahAvIra kI pUjA sArthaka hai / vizva maMgala, vizva zAnti ke liye mahAvIra vANI kA amara mandeza pahuMcAne kA dAyitva hamAre para hai, yadi hama Aja kI hisA va ghRNA se bhArI duniyA~ me mahA prabhu mahAvIra kA zuddha, zAnta, nirvikAra vizva maitrI, saMyama, aparigraha kA sandeza kicitmAtra bhI pahuMcA sakeM to yaha zatAbdI varSa sArthaka hogaa| WIRE MESH HEX WIRE NETTINGS YS A CRIMPED CHAINLINK MESH FENCING JAIN WIRE NETTING STORES Mig of. Wire Mesh G I Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel, Monel Metal, Wire Netting, Chaitlink & Garden Fencing Etc Factory Office 2/9, Jogendra Bysack Road, (Baranagar) 62, Netaji Subhas Road, 16, Mirpara Road, (Lillooah) Calcutta-1 Telegram . TARJALI Phone : 33-1032

Page #65
laukika jIvana meM dharma kI pratikriyA lekhaka-prakAza hitaipI zAstrI dillI yadi prANI dharma patha para calane laga jAya to usakA jIvana apUrva sukha zAMti maya bana jaaygaa| kyoki dharma ke siddhAnta laukika aura pAralaukika jIvana ko sukhI banAne ke liye hai kintu ajJAnI mAnavo ne yaha mAna rahA hai ki yadi dharma siddhAnta para jIva calane lage to bhUkho mara jaaygaa| balki dekhA yaha jAtA hai jo adharma kA mArga apanAte haiM ve nirantara cintAtura rahakara dukhI bane rahate hai| jainadharma meM adhyAtma kI pradhAnatA hai| yadi isa adhyAtmavAda ko prANI samajha le to kabhI bhI kisI se vara bhAva nahI kara sakatA hai| kyoki adhyAtmavAda batalAtA hai ki sabhI dravya svatantra hai koI bhI dravya kisI anya . dravya kA sAdhaka bAdhaka nahI hai / sabhI prANI apanI karanI kA phala bhogate hai| koI bhI kisI ko sukhI-dukhI nahI kara sakatA hai| yadi isa siddhAnta ko svIkAra kara le to jIva kisI dUsare se rAga dveSa kyo karegA? kyoki jo bhI anukUla ke pratikUla saMyoga ho rahe hai ve saba apanI hI karanI kA phala hai, usameM jo sAmane vAlA nimitta dikha rahA hai vaha to mAtra vAhya nimitta hai / jaba hamAre puNya pApa kA udaya AtA hai, taba vaha nimitta bana jAtA hai| yadi koI bhI padArtha pratikUla ho gayA hai to vaha pApa ke nimitta se huA hai aura anukUla huA hai to puNya phala ke nimitta se huA isaliye AcArya kahate hai ki yadi apakAra karane vAle para yadi krodha karate ho to sabase bar3A aparAdha karane vAlA tumhArA vikArI bhAva hai / usa para krodha karo, mArate ho to usa vikArI bhAva ko maaro| dharma kA dUsarA siddhAnta ahisA hai-usame nizcaya ahisA kA sambandha adhyAtma se hai | arthAt rAga deSa kA na honA ahisA hai / aura rAga dveSa kA honA hiMsA hai| jaba jIva apane zuddha svabhAva kI pahacAna kara usa ora jhukatA hai, usameM rukatA hai tava rAga dvaSa apane Apa naSTa hone lagate hai| isI ko rAga dvaSa kA abhAva kahA jAtA hai| eka saMskRta kavi ne kahA hai jo AtmA meM paramAtmA ko dekhatA hai tathA paramAtmA me AtmA ko dekhatA hai, vahI saccA ahisaka hai| kyoki jo pratyeka AtmA me kAraNa paramAtmA ke darzana karegA vaha kisI jIva ko kaise satA sakatA hai ? dharma siddhAnta ke anusAra eka choTe-sA choTA jIva bhI paramAtmA hone kI zakti rakhatA hai / isaliye eka paramAtmA ko pUjya mAnakara usakI pUjA kare aura dUsare bhAvI paramAtmA kA tiraskAra kare to yaha paramAtmA kI pUjA kahA~ huI yaha to paramAtmA kA makhaula huaa| ____ isIliye AcAryazrI samanta bhadra ne jIvo ko sarvodaya kA upadeza diyA hai| unhone kahA hai ApakA dharma sarvodaya hai, jisame sabako samAna vikAsa kA avasara prApta hai| sabhI prANI apanA-apanA . AtmA se paramAtmA vana sakate hai / sarvodayavAdI me svabhAvataH sarva dharma sama-bhAva, sarva .. bhAva bhAva hotA hai| vaha kabhI kisI kA virodha nahIM karatA hai| vaha socatA hai jaga kI tantrI vajane de tu kabhI na usako . tujhe parAI kyA paDI -

Page #66
eka ahisaka prANI parama sahiSNu hotA hai / jahA~ deza dharma kI rakSA karane ko yuddha bhI kara sakatA hai / deza dharma ke Upara mara miTa sakatA hai kintu vaha ghRNA kisI se nahI karatA hai / yuddha to anyAya miTAne ke liye hai / jaise rAmacandrajI ne anyAya ko miTAne ke liye rAvaNa para vijaya prApta kI kintu laMkA kA rAjya jIta kara bhI usake bhAI vibhISaNa ko saupa diyaa| ahisaka meM isIliye satveNu meM bhI jIva mAtra me mitratA kI bhAvanA hotI hai| vaha pApa se ghRNA avazya karatA hai kintu pApI se bhI ghRNA nahI karatA hai / kyoki pApI jIva to pahale hI bhUlA huA hai ataH vaha to dayA kA hI pAtra hai| ahiMsaka jIva ke satya acauryA brahmacarya aura aparigraha vrata niyama se hote hI haiN| anyathA ahisA vrata pala hI nahI sktaa| aura yaha niyama hai ki jisa ke ahiMsAdi vrata hoge usa para sarakAra kI kAnUna kI koI bhI dhArA nahI lagatI hai| ataH vaha apanA jIvana sAnanda vyatIta karatA hai| ahiMsaka prANI apane jIvana me saha astitva aura anAkramaNa kA siddhAnta apanAtA hai| sabake sAtha mila kara rahatA hai kintu kisI bhI paradravya para AkramaNa nahI krtaa| sabako apane 2 astitva me rahane kA avasara detA hai / usameM sahaja svabhAva jIva mAtra meM maitrI, guNiyo para pramoda bhAva, dukhI jIvo para karuNA bhAva aura dharma se yA apane se virodhI jIvI para mAdhyastha bhAva hotA hai| ahiMsaka sabakI vAta sunatA hai kintu apanI anekAMta buddhi se usakA sahI artha lagA kara apanA prayojana sAdhatA rahatA hai / vyartha ke vAdavivAda meM apane mUlyavAna jIvana ko naSTa nahIM karatA hai / koI dharma kA mArga prema se pUchatA hai to use apanI sudhA vANI se usake hRdaya ko santuSTa karatA hai| yadi koI usakI bAta nahI mAnatA hai to madhyastha rahatA hai| vaha kisI ke bhI vigADa sudhAra kA ThekedAra nahI hai| anya jIva dharma mArga para laga kara sukhI bane, mAtra yaha bhAvanA hI kara sakatA hai / vigADa sudhAra yA sukha dukha to jIva apane pariNAmo para nirbhara hai| dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI kA vigADa karate hue usakA bhalA ho jAtA hai aura burA karate hue bhI usakA bhalA ho jAtA hai / jena itihAsa meM aise aneka udAharaNa bhare paDe hai| jJAnI dharmAtmA jIva laukika jIvana me bhI parama zAnta gambhIra aura sama dRSTi hotA hI hai kintu isake phalasvarUpa bhAvirUpa bhI usakA ujjvala hotA hai| usakI hamezA svAdhInatA dRSTi rahatI hai| vaha parama svAvalambI hotA hai / kabhI bhI vaha paramukhA-pekSI nahI banatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki jaba hama apane puruSArtha se mukti bhI prApta kara sakate haiM, to jagata ke dUsare kAryoM meM bhI kyo parAdhIna vRtti apanAye / ataH eka ora jahA~ use samRddhi para raca mAtra bhI abhimAna nahI hotA hai, vahA~ vaha kabhI bhI apane Atma-gorava ko vismRta nahI karatA hai / dInatA aura hInatA usase koso dUra bhAga jAtI hai| vaha sampatti me itarAtA nahI ora vipatti meM kabhI ghabarAtA nahI / ye dono avasthA usakI apanI vastu nahIM hai| mAtra usake jJAna ke kSetra haiM / ataH vaha laukika jIvana meM bhI apUrva sukha zAnti se rahatA hai /

Page #67
6TRI-RATNA" Dr. ROMA CHAUDHURI, Vice-Chancellor, Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta. What is end of Life? This, after all, is the most primary, most urgent, most fundamental question of our lives, and, as natural, various answers have been given by different thinkers, different philosophers, different theologicians, all over the world, all throughout the ages But Indian thinkers, Indian philosophers, Indian theologicians have always a ready answer, an incontrovertible answer to it-viz, Moksa or Salvation "DharmaArtha-Kama-Moksa"--these are ordinarily taken to be the "Caturvarga" or "Four-fold Aims" of human life, viz "Religion ; Wealth : Worldly Gain : Salvation". But staunchly rejecting all-even Religion, generally supposed to be the main cause of bringing down the Kingdom of God on earth-Indian Satya-drasta-Risis or Truth-seeing Truth-manifesting saints and sages and seers of India, have fixed on one thing only as the summum bonum, as the supreme, or, rather the only end of life-- viz, as pointed out above- Moksa or Salvation. And, simultaneously, we come to be confronted with a two-fold equally fundamental question : viz, what exactly is this state of Moksa, Siddhi or Salvation, the Supreme Goal ? Again, what is the means or Sadhanas to this Supreme Goal ? Here. Sri Mahavira of immortal fame, one of the greatest saviours of Mankind, the world has ever produced, has given us totally new conceptions regarding both the end and the means, Moksa or Siddhi and its Sadhanas or ways or paths to the same. This is his worldfarnous Doctrine of Tri-Ratna or the Doctrine of Three-fold Gems. "Tri-Ratna", "Threefold Gems" : --what an exhilarating, exalting, exquisite Name! When we are born here on earth, where "Sarvam Duhkham Duhkham", "Sarvam Ksanikam Ksanikam", "Sarvam Supayam Sunayam"-everything is full of sins and sorrows, everything is transitory. ponpermanent in nature, everything is void, with no real worth or basis--we are, naturally, destitute, desolate, degraded, the poorest of the poor, the weakest of the weak, the sorriest of the sorry. But then, Lord Mahavira our great Saviour and Path-Director, appears before us with three great and grand and glorious boons for us all, in the form of three priceless "Gems", which in a moment, make us the richest of the rich, the strongest of the strong, the happiest of the happy- beggars, as we were, faltering and lagging behind, crouching and weeping in a corner, with none to help and encourage us at all-we are, in a minute, transformed into all-conquering heroes, sovereign kings, proceeding towards our great goal of life in firm, unfaltering, bold steps, with a smile on our lips and a song in our hearts, with sweetest hope and deepest joy, with coolest courage and clearest conviction, with firmest determination and surest ability. And, who works out this great change in us ? Our most reverential, most loved, most gracious, most merciful Lord Mahavira, by his

Page #68
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS OF. INDO EUROPEAN MACHINERY CO. PVT. LTD. 5, BENTICK STREET, CALCUTT A-7

Page #69
opreme and sublime Jaina Doctrine, a Doctrine for conquerors, conquerors of Amana or Ignorance, conquerors of Jadatva or materiality, conquerors of Dulkha or sorrows Now what are these three wonderful "Gems"? These are Gems of "SamyakDarsana?' or Right-Faith ; "Samyak-Jnana" or Right Knowledge, "Samyak-Caritra" or Right Conduct. "Samyak-dai sana" or Right Faith is the first beginning of knowledge ; for without such a kind of initial faith reverence (Sraddha), none can make any real progress in the difficult path of knowledge The first thing that we have to get rid of here, is an attitude of utter scepticism or disbelief towards any and everything great or good or noble This kind of bombastic pride helps none, on the contrary, isolates and alienates the over-confident, over-self-relying, over-satisfied person from the rest, leaving him to his fate, with none to help and lead him at all As we are human beings, mortal beings, feeble beings, fallible beings, it is but normal and natural that we should need guides and helpers, in the beginning to lead us aright in the thorny, pebbly, crooked, cruel Path of Life. And Right Faith stands for this and this much alone. As a matter of fact, it is not a kind of blind belief or dogmatic clinging to some unproved and unreasonable and upjustifiable belief But it is only faith in a Truth with which the seeker after Truth has some preliminary kind of acquaintance and thinks it to be one having at least some chance of being finally true Otherwise, he has no impetus for any study at all. Thus, starting with a partial faith, the beginner studies further, and if he finds that the Jaina teachings are reasonable, his faith becomes stronger and stronger. As a matter of fact, the more he studies Jaina principles, the more does his faith increase. Then, secondly, he attains "Right Knowledge", or knowledge of the fundamentals of Jainism-viz, that of the nature of Dravyas or Substances of various kinds, of the Self and the Non-Self etc ; the salvation of the self, the means thereto and the like. Thirdly, he should have "Samyak Caritra" or "Right Conduct" For, it goes without saying that mere theoretical knowledge is useless-theory must end in practice. knowledge in action. Or, our whole lives must be reformed and revolutionised in the golden light of the knowledge we have gained our every thought, every feeling, every desire must be uplifted, upgraded, purified and perfected in this way to make us "Jinas" or "Conquerors" in the most real, most correct, most lasting sense of the term. This kind of "Right Conduct consists of "Panca-Mahavratas" or "Five-fold Great Vows", Viz, Abimsa-Satyam-Asteyam-Brahmacaryam-Aparigraha" : Non-violence-Truth Non-stealing-Self-control-Non-attachment "Ahimsa" or Non-violence means respect for Life, in any form whatsoever, or not injuring or hunting anyone at all. According to the Jaina view, the entire world is a living one, some kind of life or consciousness being present in any and everything on earth. So, the great maxim of the Jainas is "Ahimsa Paramo Dharma", "Non-violence is Sunreme Virtue and this vow must be practised for all human beings, lower animals, beasts and birds and worms and gnats, even material objects. "Satyani" or Truth-speaking means speaking the Trutn under all circumst whatsoever, even at the cost of one's life. At the same it means refraining from all kinde

Page #70
of hard, cruel, frivolous, malicious, garrulous, villifying talk-for-these, too, may hurt our fellow-beings not a little , as a matter of fact, much more than mere physical violence "Asteyam"-or Non-stealing means respect for the properties of others; and it is a corollary of the first and fundamental maxim of "Abimsa" For if you respect life, you have to respect property also on which earthly life invariably depends. "Brahmacaryam" or Self-control is an essential pre-requisite of any kind of higher, spiritual life For, as well-known, we have dual personalities, so to speak-with a higher spiritual side and a lower physical life, and here, the higher must control the lower, the spiritual the physical Otherwise, no stepping into the Path to Progress, Path to Fulfilment, Path to Salvation will be possible at all Hence, we have to refrain from all sorts of Selfindulgence, external or internal, subtle or gross, mundane or extra-mundane, director indirect. Lastly, , 'Apaiigi aha" or Non-attachment This is a wider form of the above, and is as such, also an essential condition of any kind of spiritual striving worth the name The above may seem to be well-known, common forms of moral discipline, yet, as we all know, these are very difficult ones, and if practised properly, may easily bring about Salvation for all. After all, for ordinary persons, like us, such so-called small things count much-for, what more is there in common lives like ours? As we are ordinary persons, our salvation, too, should be attainable through ordinary means, and it goes to the great credit of the great Teacher Mahavira and others that they, in their infinite glory and grandeur, did not-never for a single moment-ignore or look down upon us common people ; on the contrary, came to our levels lovingly and kindly, stretching out their gracious hands for our help, for lifting us up But they did not, in their infinite wisdom, impose impossible conditions on us, or, compel us to follow Paths, altogether beyond our comprehension and ability Rather, they set up before us something suited to us, and most encouragingly assured us that this path of ordinary ethical disciplines, too, can take us to the coveted goal of Salvation. To, Jainism is a Universal Philosophy-not a Philosophy of mere high speculations, profound thinking, hair-splitting argumentations, but a Philosophy of correct behaviour, pure action, proper endeavours. This is within the reach of allhigh knowledge is not, but right action is It is also a Universal Religion-not a Religion of God, not a Religion of Ritualism, not a Religion of mere empty forms and codes and conventions--but a living, loving Religion of Humanism, involving Love of Man, Service of Man, Sacrifice for Man Our gratefulness to Lord Madavira knows no bounds for this, simply for this His was a System for the masses, for the man in the street, for the common people, for ordinary individuals, and so it is a very modern system, aiming at awakening for masses, equal rights and privileges for all, and finally, at "One World"-where there will no distinctions whatsoever between man and man on grounds of castes and creeds and status and position at all, but all will be taken to be absolutely equal, with equal rights, equal oppornities, equal dignity, equal honour, equal status Our salutation to Lord Mahavira, who so many years ago, envisaged and actualised such a lofty World-Ideal with so such ease and perfection, heralding a new golden dawn of Visva-Priti-Visva-Maitri, Visva-Santi-Visva-Seva-Visva-Tyaga Universal-Love- Universal-Fraternity - Universal-Peace - Universal-Service- Universal-Sacrifice May we all follow his noble foot-steps, and fructify his eternal message for the benefit and uplift of all, years at ing a Javversal

Page #71
GLIMPSES OF JAINOLOGY (Dr RAM CHANDRA ADHIKARI) 1. The term "Jainology" is not very familiar to most people. It includes within its purview Jaina religion and philosophy, art and architecture specific in character, buicography by Jaina samants; contribution to various sciences like medicine, botany, zoology etc, some of them have been handed down from hoary antiquity, while many are compiled after the date of the last pathfinder Bhagwan Mahavira Swami (an older contemporary of gautama Buddha). Certainly he is more known than the pathfinder in the world who preceded him but he is not the founder of the extensive philosophy and religion of the Jainas. Foreign scholars, curiously enough, have written-Jainism is a branch of Buddhism The earliest Tirthankara is mentioned in the Rigveda, regarded as the most ancient treatise in India. 2. The twenty two Tirthankaras are not regarded as historical personalities History is not constant always and so-called historical facts are not necessary mathematical truths. Jainism has a very long history, the predecessors of Bhagwan Mahavira Swami transmitted down the tenets successively through centuries, possibly millenia Sri Aurobindo once wrote "that Jesuschrist existed is not proved beyond doubt". The older pathfinders are 'bridge personalities" Linking the past with present 3. History of a religion or philosophy is not so important as their influence on the thoughts of people that the religion of the Shramanas (as distinguished from Vedicexponents) spread for and wide in the south and West even in Sri Lanka is solid truth of observation. 4. Bhagwan Mahavira demonstrated the way of life to be followed by his example as well as precepts. Man is the highest of creation and the level of humanity is reached in the process of evolution. Possessed of an eternal unperishable soul. man is capable of reaching the state of bliss and be atitude here or hereafter by personal individual endeavour. independent of any supermundane agency or heavenly grace Men differ from one another vecause their souls are polluted with dirt of their own karma-action in life, good or bad according to ethical standard. Life span, birth in a particular environ misery or happinessal are the resultant of his personal karma Naturally, many births have to be recognised to u the goal of bliss, not to come down to the world full of misery and evil. 5. Thus Jainism is not a sectarian religion nor limited to any particular region or Tace There is evidence of the fact that Bengal was influenced by Lord Mahavira The city Bardhaman (anglicised into Burdwan) was a place where he preached Archaeological ave shown relics of Jainism in the Eastern parts of Bengal. finds have shown relle

Page #72
6 The master taught us, there are souls everywhere but polluted by karma which needs be purged souls are discrete but similar in all characteristics, capable of rising eminence or degradation So the soul of another creature are not be hated or ignored Toleration is the watchword of the teaching. Tolcrance of others viewpoints, sins and crimes naturally endangers humility and charity We do not like to be hated, molested so we should not think of others to be low or inferior 7 This is the real significance of Ahimsa in mind speech and body. If one follows that all throughout his life, he banishes ego-hood and his example will inspire all members of the society, community or a nation 8. Right vision, right knowledge and right conduct are difficult to obtain quickly All our views are tainted with subjective personal peculiarities to reach perfection is the Sumum Bonum in earthly life, when there is no bar in knowing everything and all Otherwise, egoism will lead us astray, cloud our vision, Hatred and enmity will prevail in society 9 There have been attempts to stabilise equality amongst men in different times and fratenrity has been an oft quoted term But an unperfect creature can not rectify the ills of society 10 This is the lesson we have learnt from the master, mere precepts will not go far "Iness" & "Myness" have got to be obliterated to make the earth clean, pure and perfect. We make mistakes very often, do wrong to others as well as to ourselves but unless we are humble to confess those and at one for them, the state of affairs will be worse and worse For the fleting pleasures of the earth people have created disasters History 1S-replete with instances of personal aggrandisement of megalomaniacs But all worldly possessions are short lives, sucalled fame and glory sink into oblivion 11 Living examples of the world teachers show the path, We bow down to them 12 They are the heroes in the strict sense of the term rules by blood and sweat but all his senses are under his control and arrogance can not allure him. We offer our submission to them Not a conqueror who Lust and anger, malice

Page #73
The Spiritual and Ethical Values of Jainism. Dr. PUSHPA BOTHRA Jainism as a religious process, has two aspects, the inner and outer. From one point of view, it is a state of belief and feeling, an inward spiritual disposition, and from the other point of view, it gives ground to the ethical values It is not very different from the other developed religious in its aim Spiritual realisation is the aim of Jainism, as well as it accepts the moral ends for the developing spiritual life. Bodily and mental discipline and meditation are necessary for the purification of the self Without perfection of the self, the spiritual realisation is not possible, according to Jainism. Therefore the Tuthankaras have shown the way of life which leads to perfection of the self. Every self (Jiva), according to the Jainas, is perfection its own nature, but due to ignorance and worldly affairs it becomes imperfect It possesses different kinds of passions and it has to take birth in the world. But gradually, when it gives up all passions or it conquires all the passions, it gains the highest perfection and becomes supreme self (Jina or arthanta). And it reaches above the stage of bondage. The passions are called as enemy of the self, one who kills them is called arihanta or one who conquires them is called Jina. But it is very difficult to give up all passions at once. It requires a long practice of mental and bodily discipline and meditation. The Jaina Tirthankaras have shown the way, it is called the path of three jewels. The three jewels are samyaka darsana, samyaka Jnana, and Samyaka CHARITRA (right faite, right knowledge and right conduct) In other words, the three jewels are the three aspects of the path to perfection These three cannot exist exclusively of each other. but they are the supplementary to one another. In this article I will try to explain the pature and value of Triratia of the Jainas, which become helpful to lead a moral life as well as to reach the spiritual. (1) Samyaka Dur sana-Generally, it is called as a faith in the principles of Jaunism. But from the real point of view or from niscayadrsti, samyaka darsana means 'a sense or a feeling of the realisation of self. Thus samyaks darsana" means true vision of self. One has the experience of the self itself other than the body. We may compare it with Viveka Jnana' of the Sainkhya yoga and the Advaita systems of philosophy. Therefore samyaka darsana is the first necessary condition in the way to perfection One should know at first, what is self, and what is the relation between self and body. But the realisation of

Page #74
vow of non violence. This practice of Samiti or carefulness in his activities will make him a good civilised citizen. We The five vows are the basis for the spiritual and etbical practice in Jainism will try to explain them one by one in the Jaina sense (A) Ahimsa or the Vow of non-violence-The Jaina attitude of ahimsa is based on the feeling of kindness and sympathy. All living beings are equal as they all possess consciousness of pleasure and pain Therefore one should be kind to every living being Ahimsa is not only limited to not killing of any living being but also none should be forced to do anything against his wish. One should not commit violence even in thought. Thoughts and ideas must be pure. If one thinks to kill or to give troubles to others, he commits violence in thought it is called bhavahimsa Violence in action as well as in thought should be omitted according to Jainism On the other hand, the Jainas are not narrow minded They have realised that in some cases or in some cases or in some special circumstances one has to comit violence, as for example, in the time of war or inself-defence or for the defence of country, society or religion etc But in all such cases the aim should be 'to save something, or the aim should be pure The Jainas therefore has divided himsa or violence in four types. (a) Udyamihimsa or violence in profession--One should not do any profession which depends on violence or one have to kill some living beings, just as the profession of butcher fisherman, eggman, profession of leather and hear etc Udyamihimsa should be onimutted in any case (b) Samkalpilimsa or intentional violence-One should not commit violence intentionally. Samkalpihimsa includes violence for the sake of fun or violence performed under intense passion. (c) Aramhlilimsa or unintentional violence-Inspite of carefulness, we commit violence some times ; unintentionally, as in walking, cooking etc A householder cannot save himself for committing this types of violence but oneshould be careful to do his daily routine. (d) Virodhihimsa or violence in defensive works-Violence in defensive works is called virodhilumsa Although Virodluhimsa is a type of violence, but in some special conditions a householder has to commit it, as for example, in self defence or for the defence of people, country or religion etc But the aim should be 'to save' something, not agreessive. A householder can take part in war in order to save his country (B) Satya or the vow of faithfulness-Truthfulness is not speaking what is only true, but speaking what is true as well as good and pleasant Truthfulness should be used in thought, speech and action Even one should not favour any false argument. (C) Asteya or the vow of non-stealing-Generally, this vow consists in not taking what is not given But abatement of theft receiving stolen property, violating state rules. use of false weights and measures and adulteration etc all should be ommitted. (D) Brhmacharya or the vow of self control--This vow is generally interpreted as

Page #75
the self is not easy task. One should develop some moral qualities. A right beliver or samyaka dristi must possess the following four essential virtues : (a) Prasama or calmness (b) Samvega or detachment. (c) Anukampa or kindness. (d) Astikya or realisation. One should do practice seriously these virtues in his life. Due to a long practice of these virtues, one can realise the true nature of the self. Only a faith in the existence of self or in the principles of Jainism is not enough. But samyaka darsana has its spiritual and........Practical values, these are necessary conditions for one, who wants to know true nature of the self. Calmness, detachment, kindness and self-realisation make the self more pure and perfect. One should practice these virtues in the every field of life. (2) Samyaka Jnana-Right knowledge, does not here mean a knowledge epistemologically right But right knowledge is that which leads to spiritual insight. Right knowledge should help in the realisation of truth. In other words, the knowledge which helps to know the true nature of the self. Such knowledge teaches us what are theessential qualities of the self, how one can get them, what are the causes of bondage, (BANDH), how can one remove ignorance and how one can get perfection. One can acquire right knowledge. either from scriptures or from great saints. (3) Samyaka Charitra-As mentioned before, the mental and bodily discipline are necessary for the perfection of the self. The passions can be removed by the practice of moral laws. In other words, moral end helps for the developing spiritual life. Therefore the jains have introduced a way of life, based on some moral laws and this is called Samyaka Charitra or right conduct. I will try to explain the important rules of right conduct, these are the five vows, the three fold path of self discipline and the practice of six kinds of carefulness. The five vows are the vow of ahimsa or non violence, the vow of satya or truthfulness, the vow of asteya or non-stealing, the vow of Brahmachrya or self control and the vow of aparigraha or non possession. The three fold path of self discipline are the manogupti, vacanagupti and kayagupti (the discipline of mind, speech and body). And the six kinds or carefulness (samiti) are : (a) irya samiti (Carefulness in walking) (b) bhasa samit (Carefulness in speech). (c) esana samiti (Carefulness in eating), (d) dana samiti (Carefulness in lifting), (e) niksepa samiti (Carefulness in laying down), (f) utsarga samiti (Carefulness in deposing waste) products. One could do his every day work as carefully as possible to him, that his activities would not be harmful to others, even to a small ant or worm. The practice of samuti or the carefulness in his all activities would make his kind and would be helpful to deserve the

Page #76
that of celibacy. But a householder has advised to consider all women except one's wife as mother, sister or daughter. (E) Aparigrala or the vow of non-possession-A house holder should try to limit his activities for possessions Because parigraha is the cause of all attachments and it is also an obstacle to self realisation Again, the Jainas have divided the five vows in two grades, the small vows (Anuvrata) and the great vows (mahavrata) The small vows are for the householders, these are the partial vows. These are not very strict, because a householder has some responsibilities towards his family. society and country And the great vows are for the monks who have not any attachment towards either the family or society or country Therefore, the vows for the monks are more strict than the householders, as for example, a householder can comit virodhihimsa in self defence but a monk cannot commit any kind of violence. He must over power all difficulties due to his high moral and spiritual power The difference between the anuyrata and mahavrata lies in quantity not in quality, The fundamental spirit behind the vows is the same We can say that the vows of the householder is the first step towards self discipline, while the mahavratas are the final stage of discipline All vows should be observed in thought, speech and action. Otherwise they would not fulfil the aim to reach high moral and spiritual end. We have gone through a short description of the triratna or the threefold path of the Jainas. Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct cannot exist exclusively to each other Right conduct with right faith and right knowledge only can lead to perfection of the self. Bodily and mental discipline is useless if one follows it blindly Therefore the Jainas assert samyaka darsana and samyakajnana as the necessary conditions for the success of samyaka caritra. In other words, samyaka darsana and samyaka jmana are the states of belief and feeling and have their spiritual significance while, samyaka charitra is a ground for moral end All the three have theu equal value and the three are the supplementary to each other

Page #77
biir stuti gnnesh laaloy'aanii pr'bte yemn sumek shresstth bRksse shaalmli bRkss, bne nndn bn ' jnyaane o cbitre temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| dhbnite yemn meghmntr shresstth, nksstr shshaangk, saubbhe cndn baas, munideb mdhye temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| smudre yemn sbiiymbh, bmnn shresstth, naage dhbnendr, bse ikssubs, tpsbiider mdhye| temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| hstiite yemn aibaabt shresstth bncbe siNh, jle gnggodk, pkssiite benudeb grudd, nirbaanbaadiider mdhye temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| yaaeddhaay yemn bishbsen shresstth, phule taabbind, ksstriy'e daanbaaky, Rssider mdhye temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth

Page #78
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM Calcutta Wire & Nail Products (Mfg. of Quality Wire-Drawing & Wire Nail Machine, H B. Wire, Wire Nail & General Order Suppliers) i .. 9, ARMENIAN STREET, CALCUTTA-1 / / Phone Office : 33-7703_ _ Resi 33-6600 Works .-9A, SURJA SEN ROAD, ALAMBAZAR, CALCUTTA-35 Phone Factory 56-4090 . Branch Ofice. JORHAT; ASSAM ) Branch Phone No. 127 zabhakAmanAoM sahita:- / kevalacanda nAhaTA / 16, jadulAla mallika roDa, kalakattA-6 phona :-nivAsa 33-7762 kAryAlaya 33-3766

Page #79
| debtaar' yemn baimaanik shresstth, sbhaay sudhrm sbhaa, dhrme maaekss dhrm, jnyaaniideb mdhye temni bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| daane yemn abhydaan shresstth, stye anbdy baaky, tpsyaay' brhmcryy, temni laaekttm bhgbaan mhaabiib shresstth| lin; iffli anupm chil bhNr' dhrm| anupm chil taar dhyaan, sei dhyaan , shNkheb caaite o shukl, baaNdeb cndrikaab caaite o dhbl| tini uttm dhyaane kssy kbe chilen krnn bj, laabh kbe chilen pbaa sindhi, yaab aadi aache kintu ant nei|

Page #80
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM: SCREEN PROCESS PRINTERS 6, JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ROAD, CALCUTTA-13 Specialist in SCREEN PROCESSING : Phone Office 23-3980 Factory: 23-3594

Page #81
bhgbaan mhaabiir o anekaantbaad gnnesh laaloy'aanii bhgbaan mhaabiib tkhn saadhnaay' siddhilaabh kbe naanaasthaane ghube bedd'aacchen| emni ekbaab ghubte yubte tini ese upsthit hlen bs desher baajdhaanii kaushaambiite| tini kaakb ghbe absthaan krten naa| saadhaar'nntH ngbeb baaibe baa caitye absthaan kbten| ekhaane eseo taai cndraabtbnn caitye absthaan kblen| ei smy bs desher siNhaasne chilen baajaa udyn| udyneb kthaa sklei jaanen| eb smbndhei kaalidaas taaNb meghduute blechen--udyn-kthaa-kobi graambRdbaam ? udy'n o baasbdttaab glp naattke aakhyaayikaay naanaasthaane chddiye byeche| ei udyneb maa chilen mRgaabtii| mRgaabtii chilen baishaalii gnntntreb naayk shriimaan mhaabaaj cettke meye| saaNsaabik smprke bhgbaan mhaabiib-eb maamaataae baaen| tini ykhn sNbaad pelen ye mhaabiib kaushaambiite esechen , tkhn tini udynke sngge niye cndraabnn caitye taaNb sngge dekhaa kbte gelen| sngge aabaae elen udyneb pisii baajaa shtaaniike meye jy'ntii| mhaabiib dhrmopdesh dilen| taabpb prshnottb| jy'ntii shrmnnaaepaasikaa chilen| shr'mnn dhrme tb gbhiib anubaag chil prshnottbeb smy' tini taai bhgbaan mhaabiibke anek prshn kblen| se smnt prshne ektti : bhgbaan, ghumiy'e thaakaa bhaalaae naa jege thaakaa ? mhaabiib bllen, kaak ghumiy'e thaakaa bhaalaae, kaar'u jege thaakaa| jy'ntii bllen, bhgbaan, se ki km? mhaabiib bllen, ye adhaarmik, ye adhrmer anusstthaan kbe, adhrm yaab priy, taar ghumiy'e thaakaai bhaalaae, taahle se anek laaeker anisstt kraa hte bibt thaakbe ebN ei bibt thaakaar jny taar paap snycyo km hbe| kintu ye dhaarmik, dhrmaantbaagii, dhrmi yaab priy' taab jege thaakaai bhaalaae| se ydi jege thaake tbe se anek laaekke dhrme prbrtit kbe ebN nijeo klyaann saadhn kbbe| jyntii, taai kaakb ghumiy'e thaakaa bhaalaae, kaak jy'ntii aabaar prshn kblen, bhgbaan, durbltaa bhaalaae naa sbltaa ? mhaabiib bllen, kaakb durbltaa bhaalaae kaab sbltaa| bhgbaan se ki km ? jy'ntii, ye adhaarmik, ye adhrm dbaaraa jiibikaa arjn kbe, taar durbltaai bhaalaae| se ydi durbl hy' tbe anekeb duHkheb kaabnn hy' naa| kintu ye dhaarmik taar' sbl hobaai bhaalaae| se anek skaajeb anusstthaan krte paabe| jy'ntii aabaar prshn kblen, bhgbaan, udymii hoyaa bhaalaae naa als ? mhaabiib bllen, kaar'ub udymii hoy'aa bhaalo, kaakb als| jntii bllen, se ki bkm ?

Page #82
WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS FROM SHANTI ROADWAYS TRANSPORT CONTRACTORS TRUCK-FLEET OWNERS 5, NAWAB LANE, CALCUTTA-7 Phone 33-9024 33-2474 WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS : AIR ASSAM 81, LOWER CHITPORE ROAD, CALCUTTA-7 34-5770 Phone . 34-5851

Page #83
mhaabiib bllen, ye adhaarmik, ye adhrmeb aacrnn kre bedd'aay' taar' als hoy'aai bhaalo| taate se aneker saamaanyi kssti krte paarbe| kintu ye dhaarmik, dhrmaanusstthaan kre, taar' udymii hoy'aai bhaalaae, kaarnn taate se aneker mnggl saadhn krte paarbe| | e smst prshnottr' saamaanyi mne hte paabe, kintu eder pechne ye dRssttibhnggii ry'eche taa saamaany ny'| se dRssttibhnggii aapekssik baa anekaantbaader| aapekssikbaad baa Relativity aaj aamaadeb kaache nuutn ny' kintu aaj hte 2500 bchr aage ei dRssttibhnggii nishcy'i nRtn chil| bhaartiiy' mniissaar kssetreo nRtn kaarnn aapekssik dRssttibhnggii ekmaatr jain drshn chaadd'aa aar kothaao dekhaa yaay' naa| ejny jain drshnke anek smy' anekaant drshn ble abhihit kr'aa hy'| aab ei yugaantkaarii anekaant drshner prbrtk chilen bhgbaan mhaabiib| sNkssepe aapekssikder taapr'y hl bibhinn prkaar dRssttikonn hte bicaab baa dekhaa| pdaarth maatr ykhn anntdhrm tkhn ekaant by nishcyaatmkr'uupe kon bstur dhrm nirupnn kr'baab cessttaa kkhnaae sty hte paabe naa| taake naanaa dhrm diy'e bicaar kbe dekhte hy'| laaektti pitaa ble taar smpuurnn pricy' deoy'aa hy' naa| putreb apekssaa se yemn pitaa, pitaab apekssaay' se temni putro| taai laaekttike ythaarthbhaabe jaante gele taar smst dhrmke grhnn krte hy'| aamaader upbaaekt udaahbnneb ghumiy'e thaakaa bhaalaae naa jege thaakaa, sbl hoy'aa bhaalaae naa durbl, udygii hoy'aa bhaalaae naa als--any keu hle nishcy'i blt, jddtb bhaalaae ny', durbltaa paap, udymii hoyaai purussaarth| kintu mhaabiir taa blenni| blenni taab kaabnn tb anekaant dRsstti| jddtb yemn doss, kssetro smy' bishesse taa aabaabgunno| ye duraacaab, ye smaaj bibaaedhii, se sdi ghumiy'e thaake taate yemn saamuuhik mnggl, temni taate taar byktigt klyaanno| kumbhkrnn bchbeb pr' bchr' naa ghumiye ydi jege thaaktaae, tbe sNsaabeb ki ht bhaabteo bhyu kbe ! baabnn ydi udymii naa hten tbe siitaa hbnn kbten naa, laabo binaash ht naa| dusstt laaekeb konaae yugei abhaab nei| sedino chilnaa, aajo nei| taadeb dike ceye bhgbaan mhaabiirer sei kthaai mne pdde--ebaa ydi ghumiye thaakt baa blhiin ht baa udymhiin taahle smaajer yemn taate klyaann chil, temni taadeb nijeder byktigt bhaabeo klyaann chil|

Page #84
1 san 1665 san 1666 san 1667 san 1668 san 1666 san 1670 san 1671 san 1972 bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI samAroha samiti bhUtapUrva adhyakSa evaM saMyojaka adhyakSa zrI mohanalAla lallU canda zAha zrI vijaya siha nAhara zrI dIpacanda kAkariyA zrI vijaya siMha nAhara zrI hanumAnamala vegAnI zrI jugamandira dAsa jaina zrI zItalaprasAda jaina zrI zItalaprasAda jaina saMyojaka zrI kamalasiha dudhoDiyA zrI pannAlAla nAhaTA zrI pannAlAla nAhaTA zrI pannAlAla nAhaTA zrI pUnamacanda gIyA zrI tiloka canda DAgA zrI tilokacanda DAgA jaina zrI kamalakumAra sayukta saMyojaka zrI pannAlAla nAhaTA zrI sampatakumAra zrI sampatakumAra gadhaiyA zrI sohanalAla pArasAna zrI sohanalAla pArasAna zrI pUnamacanda gIyA zrI anila koThArI zrI himmata siMha jaina zrI rikhavadAsa bhaMsAlI zrI nandakizora jaina "" zrI praphulla Ara0 koThArI zrI dhannAlAla kAlA

Page #85
bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI samAroha samiti saMcAlaka - zrI jaina sabhA, 7 zambhUmallika lena, kalakattA-7 vI0 saM0 2466 kI kAryakAriNI samiti ke sadasya sabhApati zrI hanumAnamala baeNgAnI upasabhApati zrI gambhIracanda botharA zrI rikhavacanda pahADiyA zrI vijaya siMha nAhara zrI rAmakRSNa sarAvagI zrI parIcanda botharA zrI mizrIlAla jaina zrI rAmacandra siMghI zrI nathamala seThI zrI jugamandiradAsa jaina zrI dIpacanda kAMkariyA zrI madanalAla pANDayA zrI govindalAla sarAvagI pro0 kalyANamala loDhA saMyojaka kamala kumAra jaina saMyukta saMyojaka zrI anilakumAra koThArI zrI nandakizora jaina ( samparka vibhAga ) koSAdhyakSa zrI rikhavadAsa bhasAlI zrI kezavalAla je0 khaNDeriyA. zrI vihArIlAla jaina zrI vijayakumAra chAjeDa (smArikA vibhAga ) sadasya zrI pUnamacanda ghIyA zrI praphulla Ara0 koThArI zrI kumAracandra siMha dudhoDiyA zrI mohana bhAI jhaverI zrI harakacanda kAMkariyA zrI bhaMvaramala siMghI zrI navaratanamala surAnA zrI chagana bhAI cUDAvAlA zrI sItArAma pATanI zrI khemacanda seThiyA zrI sUrajamala bacchAvata zrI dIpacanda nAhaTA 11 ""

Page #86
C "zrI-lAbhacendra rAya surAnA zrI choTAlAla harIdAsa gAMdhI zrI jayacandalAla vagaDA zrI harIsiMha zrImAla zrI premacanda moghA zrI rAmasvarUpa jaina zrI kanhaiyAlAla ghoDAvata zrI himmata siMha jaina zrI chatara siMha vaida zrI nAgaramala jaina zrI jayakumAra kAlA zrI kAMtilAla zrImAla zrI tilakacanda jaina zrI nandalAla jaina zrI kevalacanda nAhaTA zrI kalyANacanda jaina zrI kezava bhAI zAha zrI mannAlAla baraDiyA zrI mohanalAla vaida zrI dhannAlAla kAlA zrI bAbUlAla lakSmIcanda zAha zrI gaNeza lalavAnI zrI rasikalAla seTha zrI narendra dezAI jaina zrI puraNacanda zrI mohanalAla pArasAna zrI prabhudayAla DAvaDIvAlA zrI santoSacanda varaDiyA zrI tAjamala botharA zrI dilIpa siMha nAhaTA zrI kizanalAla kAlA 1 zrI ramaNikalAla meghAnI zrI siddharAja bhaNDArI zrI mahezacanda jaina zrI mANikacanda nAhaTA zrI dhirendra kumAra jaina zrI rAjendra siMha loDhA zrI kailAzacanda jaina zrI pradyota kumAra nAhaTA zrI indra prakAza mehatA zrI tilokacanda DAgA zrI bhaMvaralAla siMghI zrI zreNika kumAra siMghI zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina zrI jhavaralAla vaida zrI zravaNakumAra jaina zrI bharata bhAkaDA zrI zAMtilAla bAkalIvAla zrImatI sUraja devI beMgAnI zrImatI udayakumArI dudhoDiyA zrImatI zakuntalA ciMtAmaNI zrImatI sulekhA jaina zrI bhaMvaralAla karanAvaTa zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA zrI okAralAla voharA zrI suganacanda pANDayA zrI vacharAja seThiyA

Page #87
bhagavAna bhagavAna mahAvIra jayantI samAroha samiti vi0 saM0 2466 ke sadasya zrI hanumAnamala veMgAnI zrI vijayasiMha nAhara zrI zItala prasAda jaina zrI parIcanda botharA zrI kezavalAla je0 khaNDeriyA zrI mizrIlAla jaina zrI rAmacandra sidhI zrI jugamaMdira dAsa jaina zrI govindalAla sarAvagI zrI madanalAla pANDayA zrI harakacanda kAMkariyA zrI nathamala seThI pro0 kalyANamala lor3hA zrI rikhabacanda pahADiyA zrI mohanalAla vaida zrI gambhIracanda botharA zrI madanalAla kAlA zrI kumAracandra dudhoDiyA zrI nandalAla sarAvagI zrI pArasamala kAMkariyA zrI mohanalAla pArasAna zrI navaratanalAla surAnA zrI himmata siMha jaina zrI mohanalAla bAMThiyA zrI kamala kumAra jaina zrI lAbhacanda rAya surAnA zrI harakacanda pANDayA zrI sUrajamala bacchAvata zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA zrI anilakumAra koThArI zrI choTAlAla harIdAsa gAdhI zrI vijayakumAra chAjer3a zrI dIpacanda nAhaTA (saradAra zahara) zrI rikhavadAsa bhaMsAlI zrI pUmamacanda gIyA zrI nandakizora jaina zrI bihArIlAla jaina zrI rasikalAla seTha zrI praphulla Ara0 koThArI zrI bhaMvaralAla beda zrI kizanalAna kAlA zrI bharata bhAkaDA zrI samudragupta jaina zrI kAMtilAla zrImAla zrI rAmasvarUpa jaina zrI indraprakAza mehatA zrI nandalAla jaina zrI pradyotakumAra nAhaTA zrI jayakumAra kAlA zrI virendrakumAra jaina zrI bAbUbhAI lakSmIcanda dosI zrI tAjamala botharA zrI rAjavaidya jasavaMtarAya jaina zrI jagatasiha copaDA zrI zAMtilAla bAkalIvAla zrI jayacanda lAla bagaDA zrI mAnakacanda nAhaTA zrI zravaNakumAra jaina

Page #88
yA-nAgaramala jana 'zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA zrI dharmacanda jaina zrI suganacanda pANDayA zrI vijayacanda moghA zrI gaNeza lalavAnI zrI avadhanArAyaNa jaina zrI jhavaralAla votharA zrI sItArAma pATanI zrI bhaMvaralAla karanAvaTa zrI tilakacanda jaina zrI rAjendra sakalecA zrI cunnIlAla bhAyacandra zAha zrI baladevarAja jaina zrI bhaMvaralAla siMghI zrI kevalacanda nAhaTA zrI candanamala bhUtoDiyA zrI motIlAla mAlU zrI mAnakacanda jena zrI dharmacanda rAkhecA zrI bacharAja seThiyA zrI azokakumAra jaina zrI kanhaiyAlAla mAla zrI zobhAcanda surAnA DA0 bhUpendrakumAra kocara zrI mahezacanda jaina zrI chatarasiha vaida zrI amaracanda jena zrI ramaNikalAla meghAnI zrI pUraNacanda jaina zrI rAjendrakumAra jaina zrI kanhaiyAlAla ghoDAvata zrI dhannAlAla kAlA zrI premacanda copaDA zrI dilIpasiMha nAhaTA zrImatI sUrajadevI vegAnI zrImatI kusuma kumArI jaina zrImatI sulekhA jaina / zrImatI indirA devI jaina zrImatI madhu maMsAlI zrImatI uttamadevI mehatA matI gaNapati chAjeDa noTa-uparokta pratyeka sadasya se 11 ru0 kI sahAyatA milI hai| zrI parIcanda votharA se 251) kI vizeSa sahAyatA prApta huI hai|

Page #89
puSpA zAha divya dIpa mahAvIra vasaMtanA vadhAmaNA laine ahAka vAyu vasaMtanI pahelA ja Ave che tatvanI AgAhI vAtAvaraNamA pahelethI ja vartAvA mADe che temaja magaLa je dhImethI samIra saunA kAnamA kahI rahyo che cautra sudI terasanu maMgala prabhAta eka advitiya ma galanA sa deze| lai, janatAne dhIme dhIme Dha DhALI cetanavadaMtI manAvI rahyu che duniyAnI cIra:kALanI nidrAne peAtAnA prakhaLa purUSA dvArA kSaNamAtramA vikherI nAkhavAnA che, tevI mahAna vibhUtInA pRthvIparanA Agamanane vadhAvavA sajja ane prajAnA vIra vadhu mAnanA nahi, manuSyane ane rAjamahelamA neAkhatA gagaDI uThI rAjakumAranA janmanA vadhAmaNAnI AnaMdane pAra nathI. utsAhathI prajA rAjamahela tarapha umaTI rahI che janmAtsavamA peAtAnI AnaMda Urmie vahAvavA, vadhu mAnanA janma ekalA para tu devene paNa AkarSI rahyo che vadhamAna zizumAMthI dhIme dhIme khALavayanA prAgamA pagalA pADI rahyA teonI nIDaratA, adbhuta sAhasikatAthI tenA sAthIe Azcaya cakita banI rahetA or bALavayanI jIvananA kauzavane vaTAvI yuvAvasthAmAM Atarika zatra ene jItavA mAyAnA gADha sAMsArika baMdhaneAne teADI vamAna sAdhanA mATe nIkaLI paDyA. ka zatra ene parAjIta karavA mATe teee je pramaLa purUSAtha karyAM, niraMtara sADAbAra varSo sudhI mAnava tathA deva sata asahya kaSTone lagIre khedanI lAgaNI vagara samabhAvathI sahana karyAM, tenAthI Azcaya kita devee tathA janatA janArdane phakata vIraja nahi, paratu mahAvIranuM birUda Apyu. yuga yugAtara sudhI eja nAma amara rahyu ane raheze A vAtanu keTale aMze samana "sabhAvAmi yuge yuge' ghaNA leke mAne che, ke pRthvI upara pApa jyAre mUkhaja vadhI jAya che, tyAre bhagavAna tenA nivAraNa mATe avatAra leya che para tu eTalu tenA jarUra che, ke pRthvI kayAreya saMpUNu puNyavaMtI thaI zake, te kahI zakAya nahi, jo tevuM thaI zakayu heAta, teA svaga' pRthvI upara ja UtarI AvyuM hAta ! manI nathI. hA! paNa mahApurUSAnA prakhaLa purUSAtha thI adhama ane tene a ge vasva jamAvI beThelA aMdhazraddhA ane vahemeAnA jarUra nAza thAya che.

Page #90
bhagavAna mahAvIra te yuganA prakhara krAtikArI purUSa hatA, je yuga va krikadhama nI vyApakatane ane brAhmaNAnA va svanA yuga hatA dharmonA nAme hAma, havanamA pazuone ane keTalIkavAra mAnavIenA paNa ali caDhAvAte rAjAe upara paNa brAhmaNeAnu rAjagurU tarIke sa pUrNa va`sva hatuM tethI prajA te a dhazraddhAmAthI nIkaLIyeAgyA ceAgyatAnA vicAranI kalpanA paNa karI zakatI nahi evA hatA e vadika dharmanA vyApakapaNAnA kALa jene AvA kALanA racatAne kezu lalakArI zake ? je sa pUrNapaNe nisvArtha che mAhya, abhya tara keAI zatra e rahyA nathI je peAtAnA sa pUrNa jJAnamA yathAtathya joi rahyA che. teja tevA yugamA jIvA ane jIvavAdyo" jevA mahAna saMdezane leAkeA samakSa mUkavAnI hiMmata karI zake prabhue kahyu ke savva bhRpa bhRcesu samma bhUyAi pAsae" dareka jIvane tArA jIva jevAja samaja ane jANu tane tArA jIva khyAA che, tevI ja rIte dareka jIveAne peAtAnA jIva pyArA che tene agnimA heAmI devAnA tane zu adhikAra che ? heAma karavA ja hAya teA tamArA vikArAne vAsanAAnA kareA ane janatA A navA sa deza sAbhaLI cAkI uThI jovA umaTI paDI ke AveA ni`ya, ka`priya ane hRdaya gama sa deza ApanAra kANu mahAna tejasvI, prabhAvazALI, nirmAMhI prabhunA vyakitatvane joine ja caraNAmA mamarpita thaI gaI evI mahAna vibhutInA dananI e kALe strIene suvidyA na hatI dAsI, purUSanu ramakaDu, ane gRhasa cAlana mATe vagara pagAranu baitarUM karanAra lAgaNI strIe mATe hatI nahi pragatizIla gaNAtA A yugamA samAna hakka mATe ghaNI ja caLavaLa karavI je dhama nA sidhdhAta ghaNAja ucca che sava jIvAne samAna gaNanArA che strIe mATe ghaNI ghaNI maryAdAenI pALa khAdhelI che va riAta rAkhavAmA AvI che. strI eTale eka tenAthI kAi adhika paDI che ane paDe che. temA atyAre paNa dharmAMnA ghaNA ucca AdarzothI strIene prabhu mahAvIrane mahatvapuN sa deza hatA, ane ? ene A avadazAmAthI ugAravAnA dharma samabhAvanu stotra vahAvI rahyo che, temA ucca zu ? ane nIca zu ? strI zu purUSa zu darekane peAtAnA Atma kalyANa mATe sa puNu svatantratA che dareka jIva peAtAnA purUSA vaDe mukta ane siddha anI zake che prabhue peAtAnA saghamA sa`prathama sthAna Avyu rAjakumArI ca danabALAne, sAdhvI ca danabALA tarIke je sthAna sa ghamA gautama svAmInu tathA dareka sAdhuenu hatuM, teja sthAna ca inakhALA tathA dareka sAdhvIenu hatu AvI rAte AjathI lagabhaga aDhI hajAra varSa pahelA bhagavAna mahAvIre strIenA utkarSoM mATenu 'khI' vALyu ane te phAlI phUlIne vRkSa thayu sAdhvIenI para parA atyAre paNa jainadhama mA ghaNI ja che malake sAdhuenI sa khyA karatA sAdhvIonI sa khyAtA vizeSa che ja para tu prakhara vidvatAmAM paNa ghaNA sAdhvIjIe AgaLa che

Page #91
vaccenA sakAomAM rAjakIya asthiratAne age sAmAjIka vyavasthA paNa ghaNI DAmADoLa thaI gaI. jyAM purUSone ja purNa svataMtratA na hatI, tyA strI svAtaMtrayanI to vAta ja kyA ? paraMtu pRthvI sadAye "bahu ratnA vasudharA" rahI che ane temAye bhAratavarSanI bhumie jeTalA sa tonI zUravIronI bheTa ApI che teTalI bIjA koI dezone bhAgye ja maLI haze koIpaNa rIta, rivAja prathA sArI yA kharAba tene ukheDIne navA vicAra yA AcArane sthApita karavA hoya, tyAre ghaNAM mAnasika baLanI ane naitika hiMmatanI jarUra hoya che naitika hiMmatanA abhAve duniyA hamezA navI vastune ekavAra to ghelachA samajIne upahAsa karI uDAvI devA prayatna kare che. paraMtu draDhatAnA siMcane sicAyela vyakti ja aDola ane eka pa rahe che. jhAsInI rANIe dekhADI ApyuM ke strIe kayAye zArirIka athavA buddhibaLamAM purUSathI utaratI nathI kudarate te bAbatamAM pakSapAta karyo nathI mAnava samAjanI vyavasthAe amUka kSetrathI strIone vaMcita rAkhI buddhihIna dekhADavAno prayAsa karyo hato atyAre strIo ghaNA kSetre samAnatA bhogavI rahI che strIonuM sthAna ghaNuM UMcu Avyu che. dareka strIe svamAnatApUrvaka ja jIvavuM joIe paraMtu kayAreka lAge che ke vicArarUpI valoNAmAthI nItareluM A navanIta nathI uparanA phINa parapoTA jevuM che. dareka kSetranI, vAtAvaraNanI, vyaktinI maryAdA hoya che vicArapUrvaka tene samajIne, anakaLa banIne je AgaLa vadhe che, te ja dhyeyane pAmI zake che A LI doTamAM kyAreka gaya DI paDavAno bhaya che aneka balidAnonA pavitra pAyA upara caNAyelI A imAratamAthI ApaNe mahela banAvavo ja che vA, va ToLA sAme yuga, yugAntara sudhI aNanama rahe tevo ane te mATe doTa nahi paNa sthira pagalAnI ati AvazyakatA che A sthira pagalAM ahisA anekAntavAda ane aparigrahanA siddhAMto dvArA ja mADI zakAze samAjavAda, sAmyavAda koI paNa vAda dvArA vyaktinI zaktione rUMdhIne samAnatA lAvI zakAya nahi prabhue samAjavAdanu nIrUpaNa karI tenuM hArda khUbaja sarasa rIte samajAvyuM che vyakitanI zakitaone rUMdhIne nahi, paNa tene khIlavIne tenA vaDe bhAvanAone uddAta banAvI che ahiMsA aparigrahano artha niSkiyatA nathI. asat AcaraNa lAcAra banI joyA karo nahi jyAre jarUra hoya, tyAre khamIrava tA banI khaDA thaI jAva gAdhIjI A ahiMsAnA siddhAtane barAbara samajyA hatA ane tethI ja ahiMsA dvArA ATalI moTI siddhi hAsala thaI, aparigrahanA nAme niSkriyatAne apanAvo nahi nyAyanA mArge tamArI zakitaone khIlavI tenA dvArA meLaveluM Asakita bhAva vagara jarUriyAta puratuM rAkhI, bAkInu jenAmAM te zakita nathI, tene vahecI de. tethI utpAdana ghaTatuM nathI ane ApoApa ja darekanI jarUriyAta jaLavAI jAya che

Page #92
che arigrahano vyApaka artha. A che sAce samAjavAda tene barAbara samaDa, apanAvavAthI ja jIvana jIvavA mATenA anivArya sAdhano anna ane vastranI AjanI kaToka nivAraNa thaI zakaze. AvatAkALanA eMdhANa pArakhI, pratyakSa joIne ja, prabhu mahAvIre karUNAbhAvathI pre janatAnA sukha ane zAMti mATe ahiMsA, satya ane aparigrahano mahAna upadeza Apelo jenA ApaNI upara AvA agaNita upakAro che, te prabhu mahAvIranI janma jya ti AvI che ane "paccIsamI nirvANa tithi paNa najIkanA bhaviSyamAM ja AvI rahI che te e devAdhideva, paramakRpALu paramAtmA pratye ApaNuM zuM kartAvya che ? te vicAravAnI eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhI AcaraNamAM mUkavAnI kSaNa AvI pahocI che kSaNajIvI kAryakramo to dara varSe thatA rahe che ane bhulAI jAya che "pacIsase nirvANa tithi" upara to keIsa gIna kArya karavAnuM che je yuga yugAntara sudhI daze dizA prabhunA sa dezane phelAvatuM rahe, prasArita karatuM rahe. prabhu mahAvIranA bhakato ! uTho, yatA sAdho ane saMgInakAryanI rUpare vIrAyatana" AkAra laI rahI che, temAM kArya rUpI aMjalI ApI kRtArtha thAo Space Donated : KESHOW JEE & COMPANY 3, POLLOCK STREET, CALCUTTA-1

Page #93
DRINK MANIPUR TEA FOR GOOD FLAVOUR AND BETTER TASTE CEERDUSED With the best compliments of OXES THE MANIPUR TEA CO. P. LTD. 15, INDIA EXCHANGE PLACE, CALCUTTA-T PHONE NO 22-3260 AND Gram : 'POLICY OPPO Owners of MANIPUR TEA ESTATE P. O MANIPUR BAGAN, DIST. CACHAR (ASSAM)

Page #94
jaina kathAoM meM nArI yugoM ke parivartana ke sAtha nArI kI sthiti parivartita huI aura usane kabhI sammAna prApta kiyA to kabhI nirAdara kI viSAkta ghaTa pIkara svaya ko dhikkArA / kabhI vaha nara kI dAsI banI aura use ArAdhya mAnA to kabhI sevikA banakara udara-pUrti ke lie dara-dara mArI phirI / svArthI puruSa ne isa tyAgamayI nArI ko apane dAsatva me rakhakara hI sukha kI sAMsa lI / use jJAta thA ki eka bAra svatatra hone para nArI apanI pratibhA ke bala para sAre vizva ko prabhAvita kara sakatI hai| dharmazAstrI ne nArI kI svatantratA para aneka a kuza lagAe aura sadaiva use zakA kI bhAvanA se dekhA / sahiSNutA kI pratimA isa devI ne saba kucha sahA aura zana zana apane Apako cerI mAnane me hI Ananda kA anubhava kiyA, kintu nirantara apamAnita hone se usakI AtmA ne vidroha kiyA aura nIti-nipuNa puruSa ne apanA dRSTikoNa badalakara use kucha adhikAra dene kA AzvAsana de diyaa| nArI kI barbAdI aura AjAdI kI eka lambI kahAnI hai / santa kaviyo ne to isI jananI rUpA nArI ko viSaya-vAsanA kI pratimUti kahakara naraka dvAra ke rUpa me ise apamAnita kiyA aura sarpiNI se bhI adhika bhayAnaka ise batAyA / hA~ katipaya kAvyakAra eva lekhaka aise bhI hae jinhone nArIniMdA kI kaTu AlocanA kI aura zakti svarUpa nArI ko vizva-saskRti kI AdhAra-bhUmi btaayaa| zrI adbhuta zAstrI ne apanI 'nArI' zIrSaka kavitA me isa mahimAmayI kI isa prakAra vadanA kI hai:

Page #95
jaina kathAno me nArI oo pravala zakti rI, jaga kI dhAtrI nArI nava nirmANa karo tuma / AzAo kI cira abhinetrI, pratipala jaga kA mAna karo tuma / tere svara ke hI sayama ne, sarjanakara sasAra basAyA, jagatI ke kalpita sapano me, vaha pAvana sA pyAra jagAyA / tere abhinava ina adharo ne, ullAsita zR gAra kiyA thA, pralaya-puruSa manu ko zraddhA bana, mIThA sA upahAra diyA thA / mahimA mayI mahAmAyA ho, capalA sI pratimA cacala, tere caraNo kI chAyA meM giratA-uThatA jaga pratipala / adharo me tuma vizva chipAe, jIvana me baDhatI jAtI ho, A~dhI Ae bijalI kaDake, tUphAno ko sahatI jAtI ho| yuga devI, terI sattA kA Adi nahIM hai, anta nahIM hai, tujha me jo kucha mila jAtA hai, usakA bhI to anta nahI hai| kavivara prasAda ne nArI ko zraddhA-rUpa me sammAnita kara apane mahAkAvya kAmAyinI kI sRSTi ko saphala mAnA hai| isI prakAra kavi panta ne 'pallava' me kalyANI, sukumAra, snehamayI Adi sambodhano se nArI ko sammAnita kiyA hai snehamayi / sundaratAmayi ! tumhAre roma-roma se nAri ! mujhe hai sneha apAra, tumhArA mRdu ura hI sukumaari| mujhe hai svargAgAra / tumhAre guNa hai mere gAna, mRdula-durbalatA, dhyAna, tumhArI pAvanatA abhimAna, zakti, pUjana, sammAna, akelI sundaratA kalyANi, sakala aizvaryo kI sadhAna ! tumhAre chUne me thA prANa, saga me pAvana, gagA-snAna / tumhArI vANI me kalyANi /

Page #96
jaina kathAo kA sAMskRtika adhyayana triveNI kI laharo kA gAna / uSA kA thA, ura me AvAsa, mukula kA mukha me mRdula vikAsa, cA~danI kA svabhAva me bhAsa, vicAro me bacco ke sAsa / sAmAjika sImA kI paridhi meM Abaddha nArI ke vividha svarUpa hame jaina kathA me dekhane ko milate hai / bhagavAn jinendradeva kI jananI ke rUpa me vaha vizva vandanIya hai to vaidhavya ke zApa se zApita vaha sarvatra apamAnita hai| kabhI vaha mahipI banakara rAja sabhA me baiThatI hai to kabhI cerI banakara apane satItva ko bhI katipaya mudrA kI upalabdhi ke lie becane ko bAdhya hotI hai| kabhI vaha apanI pravINatA se rAjAo ko cakita karatI hai to kabhI sIta se prapIDita banakara AtmahatyA ke kUpa me svayaM ko paTaka detI hai / kabhI vaha Aveza meM Akara pApa karma karane ke lie kaTibaddha hotI hai aura phalata apane saundarya ko khokara apakIrti ke dala-dala me phaMsa jAtI hai to kabhI sAdhvI banakara AdhyAtmika upadezo kI varSA karane lagatI hai| kabhI vaha vezyA banakara apanI udara pUrti hetu jaghanya se jaghanya pApa karane ko Atura hotI hai to kabhI apane satItva ke kAraNa devatAo kI ArAdhya devI bana jAtI hai / kabhI vaha pativratA vanakara eka mahAna Adarza kI sthApanA karatI hai to kabhI vyabhicAriNI banakara apanI kAmAnuratA kA pradarzana kara loka me ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhI jAtI hai prAdi aadi| yahA~ jaina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se nArI ke vividha bAJchanIya eva pravAJchanIya rUpo kI jhAMkiyAM prastuta kI jAtI hai 1 (1) mAlI kI do laDakiyA~ kevala jina maMdira kI dehalI para ekaeka phUla caDhAne ke kAraNa marane ke uparAnta saudharma indra kI patniyA~ banI tho / mAlI kI laDakiyo kI kathA - puNyAzrava kathA koza, pRSTha 1 (2) zrAvastI nAmaka nagarI ke seTha sAgaradatta kI patnI nAgadattA somazarmA nAmaka brAhmaNa se anucita sambandha sthApita kara apanI patana - zIlatA kA paricaya detI hai / kara kuNDa kI kathA - puNyAbhaya kathA kIrA rAnI abhayavatI lajjA ke kAraNa kI sakhI bhAgakara paTanA meM vezyA puNyAbhava kathA koza (3) sudarzana seTha kI kathA me prAtmaghAta karatI hai aura paDitA nAma banakara rahane lagatI hai / (4) rAnI prabhAvatI apane zIla ke prabhAva se deva pUjyA banatI hai aura nArI ke Adarza ko sasAra ke sammukha rakhakara nArI jAti kI pratiSThA bar3hAtI hai| prabhAvatI rAnI kI kathA, pu0 ka0 ko0

Page #97
jana-kathAo me nArI 76 (5) nIlIbAI ne apane pIlavrata kI parIkSA me saphalatA prApta kI aura nagaradeva ne unakI prazasti kA gAna kiyaa| gIlI cAI kI kathA, pu0 pha0 koza (6) kAzmIra nareza kI tribhuvanarati nAmaka putrI apane vINA vAdana kuzalatA kA pradarzana karatI hai aura ghoSaNA karatI hai ki jo use bINA ke bajAne me parAjita karegA vahI usakA pati hogA / ma nAgakumAra mAnadeva kI kathA, pR0 ka0 koza (7) mainA sundarI apanI vrata sAdhanA ke bala para grupane pati ko kuSTharoga se mukta karatI hai / zrIpAla eva mainA sundarI kI kathA, puNyAvyava kathA koza (8) soma zarmA brAhmaNa kI patnI akAraNa hI svapati se DaDo kI mAra khAkara apane bhAgya ko kosatI hai aura apane prabodha bacco ko sAtha lekara giranAra parvata para bhagavAna kI zaraNa meM rahane lagatI hai| " zragnilA brAhmaNI ko kathA, puNyAzrava kathA koza (1) rAnI madana sundarI apanI haDatA evaM satyAgraha se jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA karatI hai aura prabhAvatI devI ke grAsana ko kampAyamAna kara detI hai / zrArAdhanA kathA koza bhAga 1, pRSTha 182 (10) rAnI celinI samrAT zraNika ko prabodhana dekara apane kartavya kA pAlana karAtI hai / prA0 ka0 koza bhAga 1- mahArAja siha kI kathA-pRSTha 154 zra (11) rAjA siMhasena kI rAnI rAmadattA apane cAturya se purohita ke kahane se samudradatta ke ratno ko prApta karatI hai aura nyAya kA eka Adarza upasthita karatI hai| zrIbhUti purohita kI kathA, A0 ka0 ko0 bhAga 2 (12) cAru datta seTha kI kathA se spaSTa hai ki nArI vezyA banakara kitanI kaThoratA se mAnavatA kA nAza karatI hai / (13) vivAha eka dhArmika saskAra hai jisame do hRdayoM kA AjIvana bandhana svIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / aisI sthiti me kanyA ke vicAroM kA jAnanA Avazyaka hai / isa sadarbha me prabhAvatI kA kathana ullekhya hai / prabhAvatI ke sakala kalAo me nipurA tathA javAna hone para eka dina vAyuratha prabhAvatI se bolA beTI, sampUrNa vidyAdharoM ke kumAro me tujhe kauna ghaMSTha jAna paDatA hai, jisake sAtha terA vivAha kara dU~ / prabhAvatI volI, pitAjI, mujhe jo gati - yuddha me jIta legA, usI ke sAtha vivAha karU~gI anya ke sAtha nahI / " jayakumAra sulocanA kI kathA - puNyAzrava kathAkoza

Page #98
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana (14) aisI aneka jaina kathAe~ haiM jiname batAyA gayA hai ki aneka vidyAno me nipuNa banakara nAriyo ne dharma pracAra kiyA eva sAsArika mAyA kA parityAga kara mAnava sevA ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAyA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ziSyA candanavAlA aisI hI eka strI-ratla thii| isI candanA (candanavAlA) ne mahAvIra ke dharma me dIkSA lekara aura unakI prathama ziSyA banakara sagha kA netRttva kiyA thaa| do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~, DaoN0 candra jaina ,pRSTha 101 (15) manuSyo kI tulanA me nArI adhika dRDha pratijJa hotI hai / eka bAra jo vaha nirNaya le letI hai usake pAlanArtha vaha dRDha sakalpI bana jAtI hai / rAjImatI kI dRDhatA yahAM udAharaNa ke rUpa me ullekhya hai / nemikumAra jaba (dIkSA lekara) sAdhu banakara giranAra parvata para tapasyA karane lage, taba rAjImatI ne bhI avivAhita rahane kA dRDha nizcaya kiyA aura zrI neminAtha kI anugAminI bana gaI / tapasvinI banakara jisa sAhasa kA pradarzana rAjImatI ne kiyA vaha nArI ke svAbhimAna eva dRr3hatA ko pramANita karatA hai| rAjImatI kI dRr3hatA, do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyAM, le0 DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, pRSTha 183 / yahAM yaha kahanA ucita hI hai ki adhikAza kathAo kI pramukha pAtra nArI hI haiN| ___ ina jaina kathAo me citrita nAriyo ko devI, mAnavI aura rAkSasI ina tIna rUpo me sAdhAraNata vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / samAja kI sudRDha nIva nArI me dhArmikatA puruSa kI tulanA meM adhika hai / ve apekSAkRta adhika dhArmika, pavitra, tyAgazIlA aura bhAvuka haiM / rASTrapitA bApU ke matAnusAra jIvana me jo kucha pavitra tathA dhArmika hai, striyAM usakI vizeSa sarakSikAe~ haiM / strI jAti me chipI huI apAra zakti usakI vidvattA athavA zarIra bala kI badaulata nahI hai, isake kAraNa usake bhItara bharI huI utkaTa zraddhA, bhAvukatA aura tyAgazakti hai / hame yaha svIkAranA hogA ki jagata me dharma kI rakSA mukhyata strI jAti ke badaulata huI hai| sakSepa me hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina dharma kI sabase baDI udAratA yaha hai ki puruSo kI bhAMti striyo ko bhI tamAma dhArmika adhikAra diye gaye haiM / jisa prakAra puruSa pUjA-prakSAla kara sakatA hai usI prakAra striyAM bhI kara sakatI haiN| yadi puruSa zrAvaka ke ucca vrato kA pAlana kara sakatA hai to striyA~ bhI ucca zrAvikA bana sakatI haiN| yadi puruSa U~ce se U~ce dharma grantho

Page #99

Page #100
jaina kathAoM meM aitihAsikatA itihAsakAro ne kathAno kI upayogitA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kaI dezo ke itihAso kI sRSTi to ina kathAo ke AdhAra para hI huI hai / lokamAnasa me basI huI ye kathAe~ niSpakSa bhAva se itihAsa ke tathyo ko duharAtI hai aura kAla ke prabhAva se aprabhAvita rahakara ye kahAniyA~ kaI yugo taka itihAsa ke tathyo ko naSTa hone se bacAtI hai| itihAsa zabda ke sakIrNa artha ko na svIkAra kara maine ise vyApaka artha me vyavahRta kiyA hai aura isIlie vibhinna dRSTiyo se aitihAsikatA kA ina kathAo ke AdhAra para parIkSaNa karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| dhArmika vikAsa, sAmAjika utthAna, rAjanaitika vikAsa Adi me bhI to aitihAsikatA apekSita hai / aisI paristhiti me ye kathAe~ vizeSa mahatvazAlinI siddha ho sakatI hai / zraddhaya DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina ne apanI pustaka 'do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~' me sagRhIta aitihAsika kahAniyo ke sambandha me jo kucha likhA hai vaha tarka sagata eva manana karane yogya hai / ve likhate hai "ina kahAniyo kA sakalana yathAsabhava aitihAsika sUtra se kiyA gayA hai / mahAvIra aura buddha ke samakAlIna aneka rAjA-rAniyo kA ullekha prAkRta aura pAli sAhitya me AtA hai| jaino ne ina rAjAo ko jaina kahA hai aura bauddho ne bauddha / vastuta rAjApro kA koI dharma vizeSa nahI hotA, ve pratyeka mahAna puruSa kI sevA upAsanA karane me apanA dharma samajhate haiN| isake atirikta prAcIna kAla me

Page #101
jaina kathAo me aitihAsikatA sAmpradAyikatA kA vaisA jora nahI thA jaisA hama uttara kAla me pAte hai / isIlie usa samaya jo sAdhu-santa nagaro me padhArate the, unake Agamana ko apanA ahobhAgya samajhakara nagara ke sabhI nara-nAri unake darzanArtha jAte the / aisI dazA me zreNika vimbasAra kuNika ( ajAtazatru) aura candragupta Adi rAjA ke viSaya me sabhavata yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ve mahAvIra ke vizeSa anuyAyI the yA buddha ke 83 tatpazcAt nanda rAjAzro kA jikra AtA hai / jaina paramparAo ke anusAra kuNika kA putra udAyI vinA kisI uttarAdhikArI ke mara gayA / usa samaya eka nApita pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para baiThA, aura yaha prathama nanda kahalAyA / nando kA nAza kara cANakya ne candragupta ko kisa prakAra pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para baiThAyA, isakA vistRta varNana zrAvazyakacUrNI tathA bauddho kI mahAvaza TIkA me AtA hai / tatpazcAt ujjayinI ke rAjA gardabhilla kA jikra AtA hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra IrAna ke zAho ne gardabhilla ko harAkara ujjayinI me apanA rAjya kAyama kiyA / usake bAda gardabhilla ke putra vikramAditya ne zako ko harAkara phira se ujjayinI para adhikAra kiyA 1 isI samaya se vikrama saMvat kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai | IrAna ke dUsare vAdazAha nabhovAhana yA nahapAna kA ullekha jaina grantho me AtA hai / nabhovAhana bharanayakaccha ( bhaDoca ) me rAjya karatA thA, aura usake pAsa aTUTa dhana thA / nabhovAhana zraura paiTThAna ( paiThana) ke rAjA sAlivAhana ( zAlavAhana) ke yuddha kA ullekha prAtA hai, jisame anta me sAlivAhana kI vijaya vatAyI gayI hai / sAlivAhana ke maMtrI apane rAjA ko choDakara nabhovAhana se jA milane savandhI kUTanIti kI tulanA ajAtazatru ke maMtrI varSakAra ke licchaviyoM se jA milane ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai / ina kahAniyo se prAcIna bhArata kI sAmAjika avasthA para bhI prakAza paDatA hai / usa samaya ke sAmanta loga bahuta vilAsI hote the, bahupatnItva prathA kA calana thA / kUTanIti ke dA~va-peca kAma me lAye jAte the / mahAyuddha hote the / rAjA kI grAjJA pAlana na karane vAle ko kaThora daNDa diyA jAtA thA / kaidiyo ko vandIgraha me ast yAtanAeM bhoganI paDatI thI, sAmanta loga choTI bAto para laDa vaThate the / rAjA yathAsaMbhava kSatriya dharma kA pAlana karate the / zaraNAgata kI rakSA karanA parama dharma samajhate the, aura ni zastra para hAtha uThAnA kSatriyatva kA apamAna samajhate the / rAjA aura seTha sAhUkAra atula dhana saMpatti ke svAmI hote the /

Page #102
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana parantu daridratA kA abhAva nahI thA / dA sAdhAraNatayA loga khuzahAla the, prathA maujUda thI, RraNa Adi na cukA sakane kAraNa dAsa-vRtti agIkAra karanI paDatI thI / striyo kI dazA bahuta acchI nahI thI, yadyapi ve mele utsava yAdi ke avasara para svataMtratA pUrvaka bAhara A jA sakatI thI / vezyAe~ nagarI kI zobhA mAnI jAtI thI, aura rAjA unake rUpabala kI prazaMsA karatA thA / vyApAra bahuta tarakkI para thA / vyApArI loga dUra-dUra taka apanA mAla lekara becane jAte the / 1 84 > kucha jaina kathAe~ to hajAro varSa purAnI hai, jinake adhyayana se bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa para paryApta prakAza paDatA hai / samaya ke antarAla se aneka aitihAsika tathya dhUmila ho rahe hai aura unakI saccAI para sandeha bhI hone lagA hai, lekina satata nippakSa anveSaNa se satya spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai / katipaya aisI jaina kathAe~ he jiname kalpanA ke sahAre rocakatA kI abhivRddhi kI gaI hai lekina aitihAsikatA kI upekSA nahI ho pAI hai / cANakya ke krodha ne kisa prakAra kI kUTanIti kI sarjanA kI aura kisa DhaMga se nanda vaMza ko vinAza kI Aga me paTakA, isakA parijJAna nandimitra kI kathA ( puNyAzrava kathAkoSa - pRSTha 193 ) se ho sakatA hai / rAmakathA se sambandhita jaina kathAo ke anuzIlana se kaI aise tathya sAmane Ate hai jo prAcIna itihAsa kI saccAI ko prabhAvita karate hai aura vAnara-vaza eva rAkSasa - baza kI aitihAsikatA ko akSuNNa rakhate hai | paTanA ( pATaliputra ) rAjagRhI, vanArasa, vindhyadeza, ujjayinI vidizA, ayodhyA, hastinApura, khAnadeza kauzAmbI, campApura, caula deza, bundelakhaDa, baghelakhaDa, vihAra, uDIsA, mahArASTra, ku taladeza, soraTha Adi kI rAjavyavasthA kyA thI ? ina bhU-bhAgo kI prAcInatA kyA hai, yahA~ ke zAsako kI purAtana zAsana praNAlI kyA thI ? ityAdi kA paricaya hame jaina kathApro se upalabdha ho sakatA hai / dyUta,' svayavara' nAga pUjA ", yakSa-pUjA, daheja prathA, vezyA - vRtti ", naramAsa-bhakSaraNa e, bahupatnI prathA, vijAtIya vivAha' Adi kI purAtanatA ko jAnane ke lie nimna jaina kathAo kA adhyayana bhI sahAyaka siddha ho sakanA hai / 1 nAgakumAra kAmadeva kI kathA 2 pUtigadhA aura durgandhA kI kathA - 1 do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ - ( bhUmikA pRSTha 10 - 11 ) puNyAzrava kathAkoza puNyAzrava kathAkoza

Page #103
jaina kathAno me aitihAsikatA 85 8y 3 sUrya mitra aura cADAla putrI kI kathA 4 loka-devatA (pro0 cetanaprakAza pATanI) marudhara kezarI abhinandana grantha 5 mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA yA ka ko dUsarA bhAga 6 dRDha sUrya cora kI kathA puNyAzrava kathAkoza 7 jaina rAmAyaNa caturtha sarga (kRSNalAla varmA) pRSTha 153 8 zrI vakiraNa rAjA kI kathA yA kathA koza 9 nAgakumAra kAmadeva kI kathA digambara eva zvetAmbara AmnAyo kA kyA itihAsa hai aura inakA vikAsa kisa prakAra huaA hai ? isa sandarbha me nandimitra kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathAkoSa puSTha 268 paryApta prakAza DAlatI hai| vezyA-vRtti kA bhI eka itihAsa hai| prAcIna kAla meM rAjakumAra ziSTAcAra kI zikSA prApta karane ke lie vezyAgro ke yahA~ bheje jAte the aura ye rAjaputra vahA~ rahakara jIvanopayogI bahuta sI bAto ko sIkhate the| ye gAna-nRtya vizAradA vezyAe~ apane sadvyavahAra eva ziSTAcAra-paddhati se aneka yuvako ko sahaja hI me vimohita kara letI thI / kucha aisI kathAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI hai jinase jJAta hotA hai ki kabhI-kabhI navayuvaka vezyA kI putriyo se vivAha bhI kara lete the| isa sambandha me nAgakumAra kAmadeva kI kI kathA ullekhya hai| isa kathA ko uddhRta karate hue zrI parameSThIdAsa jI jaina likhate hai ki jaina zAstro me vijAtIya vivAha ke aneka pramANa upalabdha hai / nAgakumAra ne to vezyA putrI se vivAha kiyA thA, phira bhI unane digambara muni kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| itanA hone para bhI ve jainiyo ke pUjya : bane rahe / jaina zAstro me jaba isa prakAra ke saikaDo udAharaNa milate hai jiname vivAha sambandha ke lie kisI varNa, jAti yA dharma kA vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura aise vivAha karane vAle svarga aura mokSa ko prApta hue hai, taba eka hI varNa eka hI dharma aura eka hI prakAra ke jainiyo se pArasparika sambandha (atarjAtIya vivAha) karane me kauna sI hAni hai ? 2 1 puNyAdhava kathAkoza, dUsarI vRtti, prakAzaka jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, pRSTha 126 2 jainadharma kI udAratA pRSTha 68

Page #104
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana / svayambara-prathA kI yadi hama itihAsa-krama se samIkSA kare to hame ye jaina-kahAniyA~ baDI sahAyaka hogii| isI prakAra mleccho ke prati jo anudAratA Aja dikhAI jA rahI hai vaha pUrva me na thI / aneka narezo ne mleccha kanyAno ke sAtha vivAha karake prAcIna kAla me unake sAtha (mleccho ke sAtha) AtmIyatA sthApita kI thii| vastuta ye mAnava hI haiM aura inakI AtmA ko hame amAnavIya vyavahAra se nahI dukhAnA caahie| __ jaina zAstro ko, kathA grantho ko yA prathamAnuyoga ko uThAkara dekhie| uname Apa ko pada pada para vaivAhika udAratA dikhAI degii| pahale svayamvara prathA cAlU thI, usame jAti yA kula kI cintA na karake guNa kA hI dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| jo kanyA kisI bhI choTe yA baDe kula vAle ko usake guNo para mugdha hokara vivAha letI thI use koI burA nahI kahatA thaa| harivaza purANa me isa sambandha me spaSTa likhA hai ki svayambara gata kanyA apane pasada vara ko svIkAra karatI hai, cAhe vaha kulIna ho yA akuliin| kAraNa ki svayambara me kulInatA-akulInatA kA koI niyama nahI hotaa| (jaina dharma kI udAratA pRSTa 63) jaina-purANo ke adhyetAno se yaha tathya chipA huA nahIM hai ki tadbhava mokSagAmI mahArAjA bharata ne battIsa hajAra mleccha kanyAno se vivAha kiyA thA, kintu unakA stara kama nahI huA thA / jina mleccha kanyAo ko bharata ne vivAhA thA ve mleccha dharma-karma vihIna the| usI prakAra bhagavAna zAntinAtha (cakravartI) solahave tIrthakara hue haiM / unakI kaI patniyA~ to mleccha kanyAeM thI / jainadharma kI udAratA, pRSTha 66,67 cakravartitva kI vibhUti ke pramANa me battIsa hajAra mleccha rAjAo kI putriyo kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dekhie-praNyAstrava kathAkoza pRSTha 357 / __isa prakAra ina kathAno kA adhyayana itihAsa ke vividha dRSTikoNo ko dhyAna me rakha kara kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA isa adhyayana meM paryApta aitihAsika sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI hai / saskRta bhASA me likhe hue jaina purANa granya ati prAcIna hai| uname apekSAkRta bahuta adhika aitihAsika sAmagrI sIdhI-sAdI bhASA me surakSita hai| alavattA kahI-kahI para usame dhArmika zraddhA kI abhivyajanA, karma siddhAnta kI abhivyakti ko lie dekhane ko milatI hai| jaina purANo ke sAtha hI jaina kathApro ke mahatva ko nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA jiname bahuta sI choTI-choTI kathAeM sagRhIta hai / aise kathA grantha, prAkRta, saskRta, apabhra za, hindI, kannaDa Adi bhASAo me milate hai| iname

Page #105
jaina kathAo ke aitihAsikatA 67 aneka kathA aitihAsika tatva ko lie hue hai| kisI me bhelasA (vidizA) para mleccho (zako) ke aitihAsika mAkramaNa kA ullekha hai to kisI me nanda rAjA aura unake matrI zakaTAra Adi kA varNana hai| kisI me maurya samrATa candragupta aura unake guru zrutakevalI bhadravAhu kA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai to kisI anya me ujjaina ke gardabhilna aura vikramAditya kA varNana hai / sArAza yaha ki jaina kathA grantho me bhI bahuta sI aitihAsika sAmagrI bikharI paDI hai / mahAkavi hariSeNa viracita kathAkoza vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai| __ jaina sAhitya me kucha aise kAvya eva caritragrantha bhI hai jo vizuddha aitihAsika hai| uname aitihAsika mahApuruSo kA hI itihAsa granthabaddha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kA paryApta sAhitya zve0 jaina samAja dvArA prakAzita kiyA jA cukA hai| aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, aitihAsika rAsa sagraha Adi pustake ullekhanIya hai| pArzvacaritra, mahAvIra caritra, bhujabali caritra, jambUsvAmI caritra, kumArapAla caritra, vastupAla rAsa ityAdi anekAneka caritra grantha itihAsa ke lie mahatva kI vastu hai / jena saskRta sAhitya me purAtana prabadha grantha itihAsa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mUlyavAna hai / ye prabadha-grantha eka prakAra ke vizada nibandha hai, jiname kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA athavA vidvAn yA zAsaka kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai / zrI merutu gAcArya kA pravandha cintAmariNa prabadha-grantho me ullekhanIya hai, jo siMghI jaina granthamAlA me chapa bhI cUkA hai| isa prakAra jaina sAhitya me itihAsa kI apUrva sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai| dakSiNa ke jaina kannaDa aura tAmila sAhitya me bhI apAra aitihAsika sAmagrI surakSita hai kintu usake anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai| tAmila kA 'zilappAdhikAram' kAvya aura kannaDa kA 'rAvalI kathA' nAmaka grantha bhAratIya itihAsa ke lie anUThe grantha ratna hai / / 1, jaina sAhitya me prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagrI-le0 zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina (premI abhinandana grantha) pRSTha 458

Page #106
jaina kathAtroM meM alaukika tatva alaukikatA jaina kathAno kI eka vizeSatA hai jo inakI rocakatA ko baDhAtI hai aura kathAnaka me eka viziSTa moDa ko janma dekara usakI abhivRddhi me nUtanatA utpanna karatI hai / yahI alaukitA pAThaka eva zrotA ke mAnasa me kautUhala samutpanna karake kathA ke prati nUtana AkarSaNa banAye rakhatI hai / pAtro ke caritro ke vikAsa me isa alaukikatA kA nizeSa mahatva hai| , vastuta loka-samAja me hAsya-kathAno ke samAna alaukika kathAe~ bhI atyadhika priya hai tathA unakA viziSTa sthAna hai| manuSya alaukika tatvo kI kalpanA sadaiva se kisI na kisI rUpa me avazya karatA rahA hai jo usake saba kAryoM ko sugama banA sake tathA jisake mAdhyama se vaha alabhya vastuoM ko bhI prApta kara sake / vaha apane jIvana kA adhika samaya kalpanA loka me vyatIta karatA hai tathA apanI atRpta icchApro ko isI ke dvArA pUrNa karatA hai / ina saba bhAvanAmo kI pUrti inhI kahAniyo ke dvArA hotI hai / alaukika kahAniyA~ yadyapi asatya hotI hai aura manuSya ko vAstavika jagata se dUra le jAtI hai para manuSya kI atRpta AkAkSAno ko pUrA karatI rahatI hai| isIlie use isa prakAra kI kahAniyo ko sunakara baDA Ananda milatA hai jo kSaNika hI hotA hai / yahI kahAniyA~ manuSya ke antarmana me upasthita usa adbhuta mAnava kI parokSa rUpa se pUrti karatI rahatI hai jo aise dAnava ko vijaya karanA cAhatA hai jo umakI sevA me raha sake tathA usako dhana de sake, aizvarya de sake aura yahI

Page #107
jaina kathAno me alaukika tatva 86 kA adbhuta mAnava amI jala Adi pIkara amara ho jAnA cAhatA hai / ina alaukika kahAniyo me sadA yaha dekhane ko milatA hai ki jo satyaniSTha hai vaha baDI se bar3I virodhI zaktiyo se bhI saMgharSa karake ata me vijayI hotA hai / ina kahAniyo kI alaukikatA me loka-mAnava kA itanA hI vizvAsa hai jitanA anya adhavizvAso me / vaha dAnava, parI, bhUta, prata, jAdU aAdi me vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa ina kahAniyo ko bhI bahuta AsthA se kahatA aura sunatA hai / kaI vAra ye loga bhUta, preta, dAnava tathA jAdU bhI siddha karate pAye jAte hai / "1 jana-kathAo me alaukikatA kA aza paryApta mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai lekina isa prakAra kI alaukika kathAe~ sarvathA asatya nahI hotI hai / eka mora ye kahAniyA~ mahApuruSo tathA jaina muniyo ke alaukika prabhAva ko pradarzita karatI hai aura dUsarI ora jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyo ke sanmukha yaha pramANita karatI hai ki jaina-dharma kA prabhAva pradarzana prAya vizva kI samasta dharma sambandhI kahAniyo me dekhane ko milatA hai| yahI alaukika tatva dharma ke prati AsthA utpanna karatA hai eva mAnava-samAja ko dharma-bhIru banAtA hai| Rpi-muniyo ne isI prakAra kI alaukika kathAo kI sRSTi karake loka-jIvana me dhArmikatA ko sthira kiyA hai jo kaI yugo ke vyatIta ho jAne para bhI Aja lokamAnasa me pUrvavat sudRDha hai / Aja ke isa vaijJAnika yuga me isa prakAra ke alaukika tatvo ko kapola kalpita kahA jA rahA hai, lekina jisa prakAra vijJAna ne apanI garimA ke mAdhyama se aneka vicina tathyo ko sasAra ke Age sahaja rUpa me pramANita kara diyA hai usI prakAra yadi anveSaNa kiyA jAya to jaina-kathAyo me variNata kaI 'pAzcarya' satya siddha ho sakate hai / vItarAgI jinadeva dvArA kathita alaukika tatvo ko hama nissAra nahIM mAna sakate hai / mAnava apanI sImita medhA se inhe nApane kA asaphala prayatna na kare to zreyaskara hI hai| yaha pUrNa sambhava hai ki Aja ke vaijJAnika yadi jaina-aAzcaryo kI pUrNa khoja kare to unhe aise tathyo kA parijJAna hogA jo unhe zAzvata satya kI ora AkarSita karege aura vizva ke sanmukha kaI nUtana satya sAkAra banege / jaina dharma AtmA kI ananta zakti me vizvAsa karatA hai aura isakI yaha cirantana mAnyatA hai ki karmo kA kSaya karake AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtI 1 khaDI bolI kA loka-sAhitya-le0 DaoN0 satyA gupta-pRSTha 187 tathA 163 /

Page #108
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana hai / aisI sthiti me ananta zakti sampanna AtmA ke prabhAva se jo alaukikatA pradarzita hotI hai vaha kaise kalpita kahI jA sakatI hai / tapa pUta digambara muniyoM ke prabhAva ko pramANita karane vAle grAzcaryo ko kyA hama kalpita kaha sakege ? bhale hI ye grAja ke mAnava ke lie sandehAspada ho lekina jainAcAryo ke liye to ye nirNIta hI the tathA Aja bhI hai / grAtmA kI pAvanatA se yadi durbhikSa zAnta hotA hai eva bhayAvaha roga zamita ho jAte hai to koI Azcarya nahI hai / matrAdi ke prabhAva se jo vidvAna paricita hai ve isa tathya ko grasvIkRta na karege ki matro kI siddhi se hiMsaka pazu mRga kI bhA~ti vinamra ho jAte hai, asAdhya roga zIghra hI naSTa ho jAte hai eva vinAzaka AkramaNa niSphala ho jAte hai / bhaktAmara stotra kI kathAe~ isa nadarbha me uddhRta kI jA sakatI hai / grA ke katipaya vidvAn kathAo me ullikhita isa prakAra ke gralaukika tatvo ko kathAnaka rUDhiyo athavA loka - vizvAso ke rUpa me svIkAra karate hai / 60 sAmAnyata jaina kathAo me ina alokika tatvoM ko nimnalikhita prayojanArthaM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai | ( 1 ) jaina dharma ke prabhAva ko pradarzita karane ke lie / (2) kathAvastu ko AkarSaka banAne ke lie | (3) matrAdi ke prabhAva ko banAne ke lie / ( 4 ) mahApuruSo kI garimA ko citrita karane ke lie / ( 5 ) pramukha pAtro ke caritro ke vikAsa ke lie | ( 6 ) utsukatA samutpanna karane ke lie / ( 7 ) samucita vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi ke lie / ( 5 ) paramparA ke nirvAhArtha | (9) kathAnaka kI abhivRddhi ke lie / (10) uddezya kI pUrti hetu / (11) kathAvastu me nae moDa lAne ke lie / (12) viziSTa abhiprAya kI puSTi hetu Adi / jaina kathAo me vividha prakAra ke alaukika tatvoM ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / yahA aise katipaya tatvo kI sAmAnya carcA kI jA rahI hai (1) brahmacarya vrata ke prabhAva se hathiyAro kA puSpAdika ke rUpa me parivartita ho jAnA eva usI samaya yakSAdi kA prakaTa hokara rAjAdi ke naukarI ko jahA~ kA tahA~ kIla denA tathA mAyA se caturagiraNI senA ko taiyAra karanA / puNyAtrava - kathAkoSa, sudarzana seTha ko kathA, pRSTha 116 /

Page #109
jaina kathAno me alaukika tatva (2) nagara devatA ke Asana kA kapita honA, nagara ke bAharI daravAjo ko kIlita karanA eva mahAsatI ke vAma caraNa-sparza se hI unakA vulanA / nolI bAI kI kathA-puNyAsrava kazAkopa pRSTha 165 (3) vidyA ke prabhAva se sundara vimAna kA nirmANa aura usake mAdhyama se AkAza-yAtrA krnaa| nAgakumAra kAmadeva kI kathA-puNyAtava kathAkoSa pRSTha 228 (4) cAra ghAtiyA karmo ke naSTa hone se bhagavAna ke daNa atizayo kA samutpanna honA / yathA cArasI kosa paryanta kahI bhI durbhikSa kA na paDanA, AkAza me nirAdhAra gamana karanA, bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa me kisI bhI jIva ke dvArA anya kimI jIva kA ghAta na honA, bhagavAna kA sadA nirAhAra rahanA, cAro dizAmo me bhagavAna ke cAra mukho kA dikhAI paDanA, sarva vidye rakharatA bhagavAna ke parama audArika zarIra kI chAyA kA na paDanA Adi / puNyAlaya kathAkoza pRSTha 348 (5) cakravartitva kI vibhUti kA varNana aThAraha karoDa ghoDe, caurAsI lAkha hAthI, caurAsI lAkha ratha, caurAsI karoDa pyAde, battIsa hajAra zarIra kI rakSA karane vAle yakSAdhIza, chayAnave hajAra rAniyA~, tIna karoDa gAye, nava nidhi Adi kama pAzcaryajanaka nahI hai| isI prakAra kAla nidhi, mahAkalA nidhi, pAikanidhi mANavaka nidhi, naisarpa nidhi, sarvaratna nidhi grAdi ke dvArA kramaza icchita vastupro kI prApti honA, sonA, cA~dI, lohA Adi khanija padArthoM kI icchAnusAra upalabdhi honA, sugadhita cAvala, gehU Adi dhAnyo kA icchAnusAra prApta honA / kavaca talavAra gadA yAdi aneka prakAra ke zastro kI aAvazyakatAnusAra prApti honA Adi / (6) digambara muni ko antarAya rahita eva vidhivata pAhAra dene se pacAzcaryo kA honA / eva puNya-prabhAva se karoDo ratno kI sahasA varSA honA / supheta nAmaka seTha kI kathA-puNyAlaya kathA koSa-pRSTha 257 (7) kijalka jAti ke pakSiyo ke nivAsa se mahAmArI, dubhikSa, roga, apamRtyu Adi kA na honA / ArAdhanA kathA koSa dUrArA bhAga pRSTha 55 (8) vidyAvata se durgandha se dUpita zarIra kA sugadha maya ho jAnA / pArAdhanA kathA koSa bhAga 2 pRSTha 65 (6) matrasiddhi se AkAza gAminI vidyA kI upalabdhi / ArAdhanA kathA koSa prathama bhAga pRSTha 65

Page #110
12 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana (10) Rddhi ke prabhAva se vaDA aura choTA rUpa banAnA tathA tIna Dago me samasta bhU-maNDala ko nApa lenA aadi| viSNu kumAra muni kI kathA zrA. ka koSa prathama bhAga pRSTha 120 (11) tapasyA me salagna digambara muni ke sAmane zikArI kutto kA nata mastaka ho jAnA eva vipAkta aura tIkSNa vANo kA puSpavat honaa| mahArAja zreNika kI kathA, A. ka koSa prathama bhAga pRSTha 157 (12) vrata ke prabhAva se hiMsaka jala-jIvo se bhare hue jalAzaya me pheke gae matuSya kI rakSA honA tathA tAlAba meM usake sammAnArtha devo dvArA bhavya siMhAsana kA nirmANa / yamapAla cADAla kI kathA, prA. kathA koSa prathama bhAga pRSTha 184 (13) pUjya cAraNa Rddhi dhArI munirAja ko AhAra dene se svarga ke devo dvArA ratno kI varSA kA kiyA jAnA, kalpavRkSo ke sundara aura sugandhita phUlo kI varSA honA, anAyAsa dundubhi vAjo kA bajanA, mada-sugava vAyu kA calanA eva jaya-jayakAra kA cAro dizAgro me honA Adi / dAna karane vAlo kI kathA, prA kathA koSa tRtIya bhAga pRSTha 223 (14) bhaktAmara stotra kA jApa karane se asAdhya rogo kA zamana honA, dAvAgni kA zAnta honA, kruddha pArAvAra kA zamita honA, bhayAvaha tUphAna kA vilIna honA hiMsaka pazuo kA dayA honA, nirdhana kA dhanapati bananA, vipattiyo kA naSTa honA, sarpa-daza se bacanA Adi / bhakAmara stotra kI kthaaeN| (15) vrata-pUjAdi se asAdhya kuSTha roga kA nirmUla honA / mainAsundarI kI kathA / (16) muni darzanAdi se jAti smaraNa ho jAnA / (17) kalpavRkSo se manokAmanA kI pUrti honA / (18) vibhinna prakAra ke devI devatAo se asabhava kAryoM kA sabhAvya rUpa me pradarzana / (16) jinendra bhagavAna kI mAtA kI sevAme deviyo kA salagna rahanA, inake (jinendra deva ke) janmotsava para svarga se indro kA AnA, sumeru parvata para kSIra sAgara ke jala se inakA snAna karAnA, isa magalamaya avasara para devAganAyo kA nRtya karanA eva gadharva devo dvArA prazasti-gAna Adi / ArAdhanA kathA koSa bhAga pRSTha 196

Page #111
jaina kathAo me alaukika tatva (20) tIrtha kara kA janma hote hI bhavanavAsI devo ke ghara zakha bajanA, vyataro ke nivAsa sthAna me bherI kA, jyotiSiyo ke yahA~ siMhanAda kA aura kalpavAsiyo ke yahA~ ghaNTA kA zabda honA / puNyAtrava kathA koSa pRSTha 335 (21) jinendra deva ke janma-samaya unake saundarya ko dekhane ke lie indra kA hajAra netra karanA tathA pANDuka vana kI IzAna dizA me sthita zubhra candrAkAra pANDukazilA para ratnajaDita siMhAsana para virAjamAna jinendradeva (vAla rUpa me) kA bAraha yojana U~ce, ATha yojana cauDe, eka yojana mukha vAle 1008 ghaDo se pAMcaveM kSIra sAgara ke jala se abhiSeka karanA / (22) devakRta caudaha atizayo kA honA-(1) arddhamAgadhI bhASA (2) sarvajana maitrI (3) samavazaraNa kA samasta Rtumo ke phala-puSpAdi se suzobhita honA (4) ratnamayI mahI (5) vihArAnukUla mAruta (6) vAyukumAra devo dvArA dhUli ko zAnta krnaa| (7) meghakumAra jAti ke devo dvArA samavazaraNa me gandhodaka kI varSA karanA (8) bhagavAna ke gamana karane me jahA~ unakA paira paDatA thA, vahA~ unake paira ke nIce Age pIche dono jagaha sAta-sAta kamalo kI racanA devo-dvArA kiyA jAnA / (6) samasta pRthvI kA harpita honA (10) jana modana (manuSyo kA pramudita honA) (11) AkAza kA sadA nirmala honA (12) devo kA bhagavAna ke darzanArtha paraspara bulAnA (13) dharmacakra kA gamana kAla me Age-Age calanA (14) aSTa magala dravya / - -

Page #112
jaina kathAoM meM loka vizvAsa jaina kathAo me loka vizvAso kA bhI aneka rUpo me citraNa huA hai / svapno ke sambandha me ina kathAo me adhika carcA huI hai / kahA jAtA hai ki AgAmI ghaTanAo kA saketa svapno ke mAdhyama se sahaja hI me mila jAtA hai / ye svapna hI hone vAle lAbha lAbha kA paricaya de dete hai / devI-devatA apane bhakto kI saphalatA eva asaphalatA kA nirdeza svapno ke dvArA hI kiyA karate hai / jaina vidvAna bhalIbhAMti jAnate hai ki jaba koI tIrtha kara kisI bhAgyavatI nArI ke garbha me Ate hai taba usa puNyavatI lalanA ko 16 svapna Ate hai jinake phalo ko sunakara vaha svayaM ko bhAgyazAlinI mAnatI hai aura zIghra hI tIrtha kara kI jananI banane kI pratIkSA karane lagatI hai / ina svapno kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai - ( 1 ) zveta hAthI ( 2 ) zveta baila (3) siMha (4) lakSmI (5) mAlAyugma ( 6 ) candra (7) sUrya (8) mIna yugma ( 2 ) kumbha yugsa ( 10 ) nirmala sarovara (11) samudra (12) siMhAsana (13) vimAna (14) harmya (15) ratnarAzi na kA phala yahI hai ki mahApuNyavAn vizva-vizruta devAdhideva loka-pUjya zrI tIrtha kara deva janma lege / puNyAzrava kathA koza - pRSTha 334 (16) agni / ` ina sva rAjA candra gupta ne kisI rAtri ke pichale pahara meM nimnastha svapna dekhe the-- (1) sUrya kA asta honA ( 2 ) kalpa vRkSa kI zAkhA kA TUTanA ( 3 ) Ate hue vimAna kA lauTanA ( 4 ) vAraha phararNo kA sarpa ( 5 ) candramA me

Page #113
jaina kathAno me loka vizvAsa chidra (6) kAle hAthiyo kA yuddha (7) khadyota (8) sUkhA sarovara (6) dhUma (10) sihAsana (11) suvarNa ke pAtra me khIra khAtA huA kuttA (12) hAthI ke sira caDhA huA badara (13) kUDe me kamala (14) maryAdA kA ullaghana karatA huyA samudra (15) taruNa bailo se jutA huA ratha (16) aura taruNa bailo para caDe hue kSatriya / eka munirAja ne prArthanA karane para ina svapno kA phala isa prakAra batAyA thA - (1) rAjan / pahale svapna me jo sUrya ko asta hotA dekhA hai, vaha sUcita karatA hai ki sakala padArtho kA prakAza karane vAlA jo paramAgama (kevala jJAna) hai usakA asta hogA / (2) dUsare svapna me jo kalpa vRkSa kI DAlI kA TUTanA dekhA hai, usakA phala yaha hai ki kSatriya loga na to rAjya karege aura na dIkSA grahaNa karege (3) prAte hue vimAna ke lauTa jAne kA phala yaha hai ki Aja se yahA~ para deva tathA cAraNa muniyo kA yAgamana na hogA / (6) vAraha phaNo ke sarpa se jAnanA cAhiye ki yahA~ bAraha varSoM kA duSkAla paDegA (5) candrabhaDala me chidra hone se samajhanA cAhie ki jainamata me sagha Adi kA bheda ho jaaygaa| (6) kAle hAthiyo ke yuddha se jAna paDatA hai ki ava se yahA~ para yatheSTa varSA na hogii| (7) khadyota ke dekhane kA phala yaha hogA ki paramAgama (dvAdazAga) kA upadeza kucha hI dino taka rhegaa| (8) madhya me sUkhA sarovara sUcita karatA hai ki grArya khaDa ke madhya deza me dharma kA vinAza hogaa| (6) dhUma kA dekhanA batAtA hai ki ava durjana aura dhUrta adhika hoge / (10) siMhAsana para badara kA baiThanA spaSTa kaha rahA hai ki Age nIca kula vAlo kA rAjya hogaa| (11) sone ke pAtra me kutte kA khIra khAnA batalAtA hai ki pAge rAja sabhAo me kuligiyo kI pUjA hogI (12) hAthI para badara kA baiThanA sUcita karatA hai ki rAjakumAra nIca kula vAlo kI sevA karege / (13) kUDe me kamala ke dekhane se vidita hotA hai ki rAgadvapa sahita kuvepI kuliMgiyo me tapAdika kI kriyA dIkha paDegI (14) samudra maryAdA kA ullaghana honA jo dekhA hai vaha sUcita karatA hai ki rAjA paDAga bhAga se adhika kara lege| (15) taruNa vailo sahita ratha dikhalAtA hai ki vAlaka tapa karege aura vRddhAvasthA me usa tapa me dopa lagAvege / (16) taruNa bailo para caDe hue kSatriya prakaTa karate hai ki kSatriya loga kuvarma me lIna hoge / puNyAzraya kathA koza pRSTha 280-81 isI prakAra ujjayinI nagarI ke nivAsI dhanapAla vaizya kI patnI prabhAvatI ne rAtri ke antima bhAga me svapna me eka U~cA baila, kalpavRkSa,

Page #114
jaina-kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana candramA Adi dekhe the / inakA phala yaha huA ki vaha eka bhAgyazAlI eva puNyavAna putra kI jananI bnii| dhanyakumAra kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathA koza-pRSTha 281 zubhAzubha svapno kI carcA ke uparAnta zakunApazakuno kA bhI kathAno me ullekha huA hai / paDita vizvadeva kA kathana hai ki prasthAna karate mamaya athavA kisI nagarAdi me praveza karate samaya yadi digambara muni, rAjA, ghoDA, mayUra, hAthI aura baila mile to jAnanA cAhiye ki usa kAma me siddhi hogii| puNyAzrava kathA koza pRSTha 256

Page #115
jaina kathAoM ke pAtra kathAno me pAtro kI anivAryatA asadigdha hai| ye pAtra hI hai jo kathA ko janma dete hai aura unake hI sahAre kathAvastu samucita vistAra prApta karatI hai / pAtra hI kathAnaka me alaukikatA lAte hai aura ye hI kathAvastu me naye moDa lAkara pAThako ke sammukha jIvana kI sama-viSama paristhitiyo ko prastuta karate haiM / satya to yaha hai ki kathAno ke nirmANa ke pramukha AdhAra pAtra hI hai| dUsare zabdo me hama yo kaha sakate hai ki pAtro ke abhAva me kathA kA astitva bhI asabhAvita kahA jA sakatA hai| kathAkAra apane jIvana ke kaTu eva madhura anubhava pAtro ke mAdhyama se hI prakaTa karate haiN| caritra-citraNa kI sArthakatA pAtro para hI avalavita hai eva vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi ko saphala banAne vAle ye vividha pAtra hI to hai / pAtro kI vividhatA kathAvastu me vaividhya lAtI hai aura rocakatA me navInatA samutpanna karane kA zreya ina pAtro ko hI hai / kathAo ke hI lie pAtro kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai apitu mahAkAvya, khaDakAvya, nATaka, upanyAsa Adi sAhitya kI vividha vidhAno ke lie bhI pAtro kI satata AvazyakatA aparihArya hai| kalpanA ke mAdhyama se jo kathAno me pAtro kI viziSTa sRSTi kI jAtI hai athavA uname (pAtroM me) jo vargagata vizeSatAgrI kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai vaha kathA kI cAritrika vikAsa-garimA ko mukhara karatA hai| pAtra -kathAtmaka sAhitya kA anyatama tatva, eva caritra ve vyakti haiM jinake dvArA kathA kI ghaTanAeM ghaTatI hai

Page #116
68 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana athavA jo una ghaTanAyo se prabhAvita hote hai| inhI vyaktiyo ke kriyA-kalApa se kathAnaka aura kathAvastu kA nirmANa hotA hai| ata bhale hI kisI kRti me ghaTanApro kI vahulatA aura pradhAnatA ho, pAtro yA caritro kA usame abhAva nahI ho sakatA / kathA kI kalpanA me hI pAtro kI vidyamAnatA nihita hai| ___ kathA ke pAtro ko kisa prakAra upasthita kiyA jAya, yaha kalAkRti ke rUpa lekhaka kI ruci tathA yogyatA aura usakI kRti ke uddezya para nirbhara hai / kAvya, nATaka, upanyAsa, kahAnI Adi me pAtro ke prayoga, arthAta caritra citraNa ke apane-apane Dhaga aura vidhAna hote hai| saba milAkara pAtro kA caritra-citraNa tIna prakAra se ho sakatA hai (1) pAtro ke kAryo ke dvArA (2) unakI bAtacIta ke dvArA tathA (3) lekhaka ke kathana aura vyAkhyA dvaaraa| ___kathA kI ghaTanAe~ to prAya pAtro ke svabhAva aura prakRti se hI prasUta hotI hai| usake vAtAvaraNa yA deza-kAla kA nirmANa caritro ko svAbhAvikatA aura vAstavikatA pradAna karane ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai| kathanopakathana dhaTanAgro se bhI adhika caritra ko hI vyajita aura prakAzita karatA hai tathA kathA ke uddezya kI mahattA bhI caritra me hI nihita hotI hai| ___ jaina kathAno me jisa sArvabhautikatA eva vizva kalyANa kI dizada bhAvanA ko apanAyA gayA hai usakI paridhi itanI vizAla hai ki sasAra ke samasta prANiyo kA isame samAveza ho sakatA hai| jaima-dharma jIvamAtra kA hitakArI hai| vaha vizva ke pratyeka prANI ko sukhI dekhanA cAhatA hai aura yathAzakti use sanmArga kA pathika banAnA cAhatA hai / ina kathAno me deva, asura, mAnava, sAdhu-sanyAsI, daitya, dAnava, rAjA rAnI, vidyAdhara, dhanika, dIna, pazu pakSI, kITa patagAdi sava pAtra banakara Ae hai / yadi devatA apane viziSTa vaibhava se yukta hai to asura bhI apanI AsurI bhAvanAmo eva kAmanAmo se paripUrNa dikhAye gae hai / totA, mainA, kAga, kokila, baka, hasa mayUra, gRddha Adi nabhacara yadi ina kathAno me apanI vedanA kI abhivyakti karate hai to gAya, baila, ghoDA, vandara, siMha, mRga, vyAghra, sUkara, zRgAla, gaja, bheDiyA Adi bhI muniyo ke upadezo ko sunakara prabhAvita hote hai tathA apane kukRtyo para pazcAttApa karane lagate hai| krUra vanya pazu bhI dharmopadeza ke zravaNa se deva-yoni me marakara utpanna hote hai aura apanI jIvana yAtrA ko saphala banAte hai / brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya, zUdro ke sAtha-sAtha araNya 1. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 pRSTha 488

Page #117
jaina kathAo ke pAtra vAsinI kaI jAtiyo ke pramukha vyakti bhI ina kathAgro ke pAtra vane hai aura unhone sAdhanA karake eka punIta prAdarza ko samAja ke sammukha prastuta kiyA hai / meDhaka sA sAdhAraNa prAraNI bhI ina kathAo ke mAdhyama se ziSTa jano kA priya banatA hai aura panI bhakti bhAvanA ke sahAre mRtyu kA varaNa kara svargavAsI deva kI anupama vaibhava vazAlitA ko prApta karatA hai / zRgAla rAtri bhojana kA parityAga kara zithila mAnava samAja ke lie eka cetAvanI detA hai / maraNAsanna sugrIva baila paca namaskAra mantra ko sunakara apanI bhAvanA ko punIta banAtA hai aura vRSabha zarIra kA tyAga kara rAjA chatrachAyA kI rAnI zrIdattA kI goda me vRSabhadhvaja nAmaka putra ke rUpa me bAla sulabha krIDAe~ karatA hai / (dekhie sugrIva baila kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathAkopa pRSTha 78 ) sAdhAraNata- kathAo ke pAtroM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai. - && (1) RSi-muni ( 2 ) rAjA-rAnI (3) seTha-seThAnI (4) deva-dAnava (5) vidyAdhara ( 6 ) araNyavAsI - grAdivAsI (7) mAnava ( vibhinna jAtiyo ke nara-nArI ) ( 5 ) pazu-pakSI ( 6 ) kITa-pataMgAdi (10) devI-devatA ( 11 ) vezyA ( 12 ) cora DAkU (13) vividha / ( pAtro ke sandarbha me vezyAgrI, rAjAgrI eva RSi muniyoM kI vizeSa carcA kI gaI hai | ) prAya dekhA jAtA hai ki kupAtra bhI jIvana kI viSama yAtanAo ko sahatA huA kathA ke anta me prAyazcitta athavA dharma-sAdhanA kI pAvana Aga me apane duSkRtyo yA durbhAvanAo ko dagdha karake apane Apa ko satpAtra ke rUpa me prastuta karatA hai / jaina kathAgro kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki iname citrita duSTa pAtra bhI ziSTa bana jAte he / ye pAtra apane kathano ke mAdhyama se grapatI cAritrika vizeSatAo ko prakaTa karate hai eva jIvana kI zubhAzubha gatividhiyo ko sahaja ruga me samAja ke sanmukha abhivyajita kara dete haiM /

Page #118
jaina kathAoM meM yathArthavAda evaM AdarzavAda yathArthavAda eba AdarzavAda dono eka dUsare ke pUraka hai / yathArthavAda hI prAdarzavAda kI upayogitA ko siddha karatA hai aura AdarzavAda yathArthavAda kI prayojanazIlatA ko pramANita kara apane astitva ko saphala banAtA hai / yathArthavAda ke abhAva me AdarzavAda nissAra pratIta hotA hai aura vaha apanI garimA kho baiThatA hai / isI prakAra AdarzavAda ke prati jana-mAnasa me tabhI grAkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai jaba vaha yathArthavAda kI kaTutA se becaina ho uThatA hai / jo zyAmatA aura zvetatA me pArasparika sambandha hai vahI ina dono me parilakSita hotA hai / ina dono ko eka dUsare kA virodhI kahanA vastuta ucita nahI hai / "yathArthavAda sAhitya kI eka viziSTa cintana-paddhati hai jisake anusAra kalAkAro ko apanI kRti me jIvana ke yathArtha rUpa kA prakana karanA cAhie / yaha dRSTikoNa AdarzavAda kA virodhI mAnA jAtA hai para vastuta to Adarza utanA hI yathArtha hai, jitanI ki koI bhI yathArthavAdI paristhiti / . jIvana me yathArtha kI kalpanA duSkara hai / kintu apane pAribhASika artha me yathArthavAda jIvana kI samagra paristhitiyo ke prati ImAnadArI kA dAvA karate hue bhI prAya sadaiva manuSya kI hInatAo tathA kurUpatAo kA citraNa karatA hai / yathArthavAdI kalAkAra jIvana ke sundara aza ko choDakara asundara praza kAkana karanA cAhatA hai / yaha eka prakAra se usakA pUrvAgraha hai /

Page #119

Page #120
102 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana sAhitya meM Adarza zabda kA prayoga darzana athavA rAjanIti kI bhAMti kisI rUDhigata artha me nahI kiyA jaataa| sAhitya kA AdarzavAda mAnavajIvana ke Antarika pakSa para jora detA hai| jIvana ke do pakSa hai aAntarika aura bAhya / Antarika pakSa me mAnasika sukha, prasannatA, paritoSa, Ananda prAjAte hai| vAhya pakSa me aizvarya, vaibhava tathA bhautika unnati kA sthAna hai| AdarzavAdI sAhityakAra kA vizvAsa hai ki manuSya jaba taka Antarika sukha prApta nahIM karatA, use vAstavika aAnanda kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| mAnava kI cetanA taba taka bhaTakatI rahegI, jaba taka vaha zAzvata, ciratana satya athavA aAnanda nahI prApta kara letaa| isa prakAra AdarzavAda mAnavajIvana kI Antarika vyAkhyA karatA hai| usakI ucca sabhAvanAyo ke prakAzana me tatpara hotA hai| vaha una mAnava-mUlyo ko grahaNa karatA hai, jo kalyANakArI hai, zubha hai, sarjanAtmaka hai / AdarzavAdI sAhityakAra bhAva aura kalA kI mahattara U~cAiyo para jAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| antarmukhI hone ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI usakI cetanA AdhyAtmika, yahA~ taka ki rahasyavAdI ho jAtI hai / ' 1 __ jaina kathAno me yathArthavAda kA citraNa viSAkta vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi ke lie nahI kiyA gayA hai aura na mAnavIya vikRtiyo kI kutsita anubhUtiyo kI rocakatA ke hetu ubhArA gayA hai| mAnava ko prabuddha karane ke lie hI yathArthavAda kA sahArA lekara kathAkAro ne use eka 'sabhAvya AdarzavAda kI ora baDhane ke lie sadaiva protsAhita kiyA hai| Adarzonmukha yathArthavAdI paramparA kA pUrNa vikAsa hame jaina-kathAo me prApta hotA hai| nArakIya jIvana kitanA vedanA-pUrNa hai, pazu-gati kI kitanI bhayAvaha vibhISikAe~ hai, dhanika varga kitanA nirmama hokara nirghano ko satAtA hai, kAmI purupa kisa prakAra ucitAnucita ke bheda ko bhUla jAtA hai, lobhI kitanI nirmamatA se dUsaro ke dhana kA apaharaNa karatA hai, nArI kI kAma-vAsanA jaba uddIpta hotI hai, taba vaha sadAcAra kI sImA kA kisa prakAra ulladhana karatI hai, kAminI vyabhicAriNI banakara kisa rUpa se vaha para puruSa ko AkarSita karatI hai, Adi kA citraNa kathAkAro ne baDI sajagatA se kiyA hai, lekina sAtha hI sAtha isa citraNa ko AdarzavAda kI tUlikA se aisA manorama banA diyA hai ki pAThaka athavA zrotA kahAnI ko paDhakara yA sunakara eka viziSTa prabodhana se svaya ko jAgaruka 1 hindI sAhitya koSa prathama bhAga pRSTha 103

Page #121
jaina kathAno me yathArthavAda eva AdarzavAda 103 vanA letA hai| muni-nindA se mAnava satapta hokara dukhI hotA hai lekina vratAdi karake vaha dukha se mukti pAtA hai tathA apane AgAmI jIvana ko pariSkRta bhI banAtA hai| isa prakAra, ke vividha moDo kA digdarzana kathA kAro ne AdarzavAda kI pratiSThA ke lie nirantara kyiA hai / pApodaya se yadi zarIra kuSTha roga me vikRta banatA hai to jinendradeva kI bhakti pUrvaka pUjA karane se tathA gadhodaka lagAne se isa prakAra ke kaThina roga bhI naSTa ho jAte hai| isa prakAra roga ke kAraNo kA ullekha karate hue Adarza vAdI ina jaina kathAkAro ne roga kI mukti ke sAdhano kI bhI carcA kI hai| isa sadarbha me yaha bhI ullekhya hai ki eka ora kathAkAra ne mAnava kI nirvalatA ko akita kiyA hai to dUsarI ora isAna kI karmaNyatA eva cAritrika pAvanatA ko bhI citrita kara mAnava ke dono rUpo ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / isa prayAsa me mAnavIya kamajoriyAM parAsta hotI he aura cAritrika dRDhatA aneka sagharSoM ke vIca sahI banatI hai| sudarzana seTha kI kathA me eka tUlikA se vezyA kI udIpta kAma vAsanA ko gahare rago se ragA gayA hai to dUsarI tUlikA ke sahAre zarIra kI apAvanatA ko citrita kara prabodhana kA sahArA liyA gayA hai tathA tIsarI tUlikA se sudarzana muni kI cAritrika dRDhatA ko nikhArA gayA hai| isa kathA ke nimnastha aza vicAraNIya hai vezyA kA yaha pralApa sunakara parama nizcala aura dhIra-vIra sudarzana bole-hemugdhe (mUkhiNI) yaha apavitra zarIra dukho kA ghara vAyu, pitta, kapha ina vidopo se pIDita, kRmikula se paripUrNa aura vinazvara hai| yaha sAsArika bhogopabhogo ke anubhava na karane ke lie nahIM hai, kintu paraloka sihi kI sahAyatA ke lie hai| ataeva ise tapasyA me hI lagAnA cAhie / ye sampUrNa bhogopabhoga avicArita ramya aura dukhAnta hai| inase prAgI ko kabhI santoSa kI prApti nahI ho sakatI hai| mokSa ke atirikta anyatra sukha nahI hai, aura vaha tapasyA ke vinA prApta nahIM ho sakatA / so he mUrkha aba tU isa duSkRtya se apane Apako vacA aura kucha apanA kalyANa kr|| yaha sunakara devadattA ne yaha kaha kara ki 'yaha mava pIche karanA aura pIche hI upadeza denA, abhI vaha mamaya nahIM hai ! sudargana muni ko apanI sukomala zayyA para liTA diyaa| parantu muni ne dUsa samaya sanyAsa dhAraNa kara liyA aura pratijJA karalI ki yadi isa upasarga kA nivAraNa ho jAyegA to AhArAdi grahaNa karUMgA anyathA marvathA tyAga hai| parantu vezyA ne

Page #122
104 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana unakA piMDa na choDA / usane tIna dina taka kAma vikAro kI nAnA ceSTAe~ kI parantu jagajjayI kAma ko jItane vAle sudarzana muni meru ke samAna sarvathA nizcala rahe | AkhirakAra vezyA lAcAra aura nirupAya hokara rAtri ko unhe smazAna bhUmi me lejAkara kAyotsarga pUrvaka sthApana kara AI aura apane ghara calI AI | yahA~ sudarzana muni kaThina tapasyA ke phala se kevala jJAna prApta karake gadha kuTI rUpa samavasaraNAdi kI vibhUti se yukta hue / unake kevala jJAna ke atizaya ko dekhakara vyantarI samyagdRSTI ho gaI aura paDitA tathA devadattA ne dIkSA grahaNa karalI / " puNyAsrava kathAkoSa pRSTha 121 yathArthavAda eva AdarzavAda kI isa carcA me yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki kathAkAro ne pIDita mAnava kI santuSTi ke lie jisa AdarzavAda kI sthApanA kI hai vaha kevala kalpita nahI hai apitu mAnavIya sAdhanA ke bhItara hI hai /

Page #123
jaina kathAoM meM prakRti-citraNa prakRti aura mAnava kA ciratana sAhacarya hai / apane jIvana ke prathama prabhAta me isAna ne prakRti ke suhAvane dRzya ko dekhA thA eva jIvana kI sadhyA me bhI usane prakRti se sAntvanA prApta kI thI / yaha prakRti ho to mAnava ko kabhI jananI ke samAna vAtsalya detI hai to kabhI preyasI kI bhA~ti use ananta pyAra pradAna karatI hai / kabhI zikSikA ke sadRza yaha prakRti vihvala mAnava ko pravodhana dekara Azvasta karatI hai to kabhI adhyAtmavAda kI bhAvanA ko apane kSaraNa bhagura rUpa ke mAdhyama se sudRDha banAtI hai / sAhityakAra ko satata preraNA dene vAlI yaha prakRti hI hai / isakI sukhada goda meM baiThakara kAvyakAra ciratana kAvya kI sarjanA karatA hai aura citrakAra prAkRtika saundarya ko dekhakara apanI bhAvuka tUlikA prAraNavatI banAtA hai / prakRti kI chAyA meM nirmita sAhitya hI satya, ziva, sundara kA pratIka banatA hai / hamArA prAcIna samasta sAhitya prakRti kI ramya ragasthalI me hI racA gayA yA / phalata usame prakRti ke vividha rUpo kA baDA hI manorama citraNa huA hai / prakRti ke aneka upakaraNa itane ramaNIya hai ki ve upamAna ke rUpa me svIkRta ho cuke / mRgo kI chalAge kise vimohita nahI karatI hai ? mayUro kA nRtya sabako pramudita kara detA hai / megho kI zyAmala ghaTAe~ barabasa bhAvuka mAnasa ko sukhada smRtiyo se bhara detI hai / isI prakAra kamalo se bharA

Page #124
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana huA sarovara darzaka kI A~kho ko prAnadita kara detA hai / surabhita puSpa kisa snehI kI lAlasA ko mukharita nahI karate ? 106 palAza ke phUlo kI dahakatI lAlimA kisa virahiNI ko udvelita nahI karatI ? DaoNkTara zAnti svarUpa gupta ke zabdo me prakRti ke sAtha mAnava kA sambandha tabhI se hai jaba se vaha isa dharAtala para AyA / zizu ke rUpa meM usane prakRti jananI kI hI unmukta krIDa me netronmIlana kiyA, usI kI goda me usane svacchanda vihAra kiyA aura anta me usI ke vakSasthala para vaha cira nidrA me sotA rahA / mahAdevI varmA ne prakRti aura mAnava ke samvandha para vicAra karate hue fkhA hai - " dRzya prakRti mAnava jIvana ko pratha se iti taka cakravAla kI taraha ghere rahI hai / prakRti ke vividha komala parupa, sundara, virUpa, vyakta, rahasmaya rUpo ke AkarSaNa ne mAnava kI buddhi aura hRdaya ko kitanA pariSkAra aura vistAra diyA hai isakA lekhA-jokhA karane para manuSya prakRti kA sabase adhika RNI hai / vastuta saMskAra - krama me mAnava jAti kA bhAvajagata hI nahI usake cintana kI dizAe~ bhI prakRti se vividha rUpAtmaka paricaya dvArA tathA usase utpanna anubhUtiyo se prabhAvita hai / yo to dharma, darzana, sAhitya aura kalA ina sabhI me prakRti-citraNa ko sthAna milA hai, kintu kAvya me ise sarvAdhika mahatva prApta huA hai / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki kAvya kA racayitA kavi sAdhAraNa mAnava kI apekSA adhika saMvedanazIla hotA hai aura vaha prakRti ke vibhinna dRzyoM se bahuta zIghra aura adhika abhibhUta hotA hai / " 1 jaina kathAkAroM ne apane dhArmika siddhAnto evaM upadezo ko prabhAvo - tpAdaka banAne ke lie prakRti ke upakaraNo ko vizeSa rUpa se apanAyA hai / tyAga - vRtti kI upAdeyatA siddha karane ke lie ina kathAkAro ne vRkSo, megho sara - saritA eva puSpo ke udAharaNa diye hai / isI prakAra paropakAra kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata karane ke lie ina kathAo me gAya, pavana, grAkAza, megha, kAnana, parvata Adi kI jIvana-gAthA kA saketa kiyA gayA hai / jIvana kSaraNa bhagura haiisa tathya ko pramANita karane ke lie phUle hue vRkSa eva zuSka taru ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kahI kahI para kathA kI rocakatA kA 1 sAhityika nibaMdha pRSTha 482

Page #125
jaina kathAo meM prakRti - citraraNa ar3hAne ke lie prakRti kA bhI sundara citraNa ina kathAkAro ne vaDI bhAvukatA me kiyA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se prakRti kA citraNa ina kahAniyo me nimnastha rUpa me huA hai - ( 1 ) grAlamvana rUpa me (2) mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa me (3) pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa me (4) upadezikA ke rUpa me ( 5 ) uddIpana rUpa me ( 6 ) alakAra pradarzana ke rUpa me (7) pratIkAtmaka rUpa me ( 5 ) vimba - prativimva rUpa me (20) dUtikA ke rUpa me / yahA~ kucha uddharaNa diye jA rahe he jo prakRti ke vividha rUpoM ko prastuta karate hai tathA yaha bhI batAte haiM ki bhAvuka kathAkAra prAkRtika dRzyoM se kisa prakAra prabhAvita huyA hai, jaina kathApro me pazu-pakSiyo kA mAnavIkaraNa eka viziSTa uddezya kA paricAyaka hai / yaha mAnavIkaraNa dhArmika mahatva ko pratipAdita karatA hai / yahA~ gAya, baila, gaja, siMha, va gAla, mayUra, hasa, zuka, sArasa, mainA Adi muniyoM ke upadezo se prabhAvita hokara sanyAsa dhAraNa karate haiM, mAsa-bhakSaNa kA parityAga karate hai, rAta me jala pInA chor3ate hai, vidva eza ko bhUlate he eva jAti smaraNa se apane duSkRtyoM ke lie pazcAttApa karake svajIvana ko sudhArane kA pUrNa prayAsa bhI karate hai / basanta varNana - 107 "hariSa purANa" pRSTha kramAka 170 se 173 taka kadAcita vasata Rtu kA zrAgamana huA / vasata ke prabhAva se cAro dizAo me eka vilakSaNa zobhA najara grAne lagI / una samaya vanamAlA navIna puSpa aura pallavo kI lAlimA se vyApta ho gaI thI isaliye unase vasata Rtu atizaya ramaNIya jAna par3atI thI / manuSyoM ke mana ko haraNa karane vAle grAma ke vRkSa usa samaya lAlalAla navIna pallavI se vyApta ho gaye the / unase aisA jAna paDatA thA mAno rAjA murA ko vana devI kI prIti ke liye sUcanA de rahe hai / kiMzuka (DhAka) ke vRkSa pragni kI praca jvAlA ke namAna cautarphI rakta ho gaye the, unameM aisA jAna paDane lagA mAno vimukta huye anurakta ranIpumpI kI upazAta viraha jvAlA phira se dhana uTho hai / usa samaya azoka vRkSa navIna yuvA kI tulanA kara rahA thA | kyoki yuvA ke zarIra para jina prakAra raNanUpuracAramnIkomala namatADita. pallavAgara bhanavAra zavda karatI huI pAnI ke prati ke ke samAna vRja bhI anakAra patroM meM yukane komala jAte haiM, usI prazoka kA jiingyaa|

Page #126
jaina kathA kA sAskRtika adhyayana kula vRkSa ( molasirI ) striyo ke prakhaDa madya ke kullo se phUla gayA thA / isaliye use dekha pramada jano ko parama Anada hotA thA / 108 jo manuSya usa samaya sukhI the / apanI apanI vallabhAo se sayukta the, unhe to apane Upara gujAra zabda karate huve bhramaro se kuravaka vRkSa parama grAnanda detA thA, kintu jo dukhI virahI the unhe dukha kara / apane artha ko ku-khoTe ronA cillAnA rUpa ravaka-zabda karAne vAlA caritArtha karatA thA / usa samaya cautarphA phUle huye tilaka vRkSo ne apanI zobhA dvArA paTala jAti ke vRkSo kI sugandhI se vyApta vana lakSmI rUpI banitA ko puNyavatI banA diyA thA / lite kezara (gardana ke vAla) jisa prakAra hastiyo ke damana karane ke se zobhita siMha kUdate phirate haiM, usI prakAra vasanta Rtu me khile huve nAga vRkSo ko dabAne ke liye hI mAno siMha kezara jAti ke vRkSa khila uThe the / jisa prakAra koI puruSa cirakAla ke viyoga se kRza apanI ballabhA ko AliMgana kara puSTa eva puNyavatI ( rajodharmavatI ) kara detA hai usI prakAra vasata ne cirakAla se vimukha grataeva sUkhI huI apanI mAlatI rUpI vallabhA ko apane milApa se praphullita aura puSpo se vyApta kara diyA thA / usa samaya atizaya rakta kaTha aura jhUlane ke atizaya pra emI aneka strI puruSa rAga me manohara gIta gAte the / gradharo kI zobhA se maMDita eva jhUlA para baiThakara hiMDola nAmaka koI koI striyo ke pra emI manuSya basata Rtu ke anukUla bhUSaraNa vastra pahana kara bagIce aura vano me jAte aura baDI prIti se madyapAna karate the / vana me hariNa pahile dUvaghAsa kA svaya AsvAdana karate aura pIche use hariNI ko dete / hariNI bhI usakA AsvAdana kara hiraNa ko detI so ThIka hai ki apane priyA kI sU ghI huI bhI vastu parama grAnanda detI hai / usa samaya madonmatta hAthI sallakI vRkSa ke sundara pallavo ke khAne me atizaya lAlAyita apanI pra eyasI hathinI ko apane mukha se cubana karate zrIra unhe cu bana janya sukha me masta kara dete the / nUtana puSpo me sthita madhu ko pIte huve bhramara bhramarI idhara udhara zabda karate huve phirate the eva vaDI lAlasA se eka dUsare kA AdhANa aura cuna kara Anandita hote the / usa samaya kokilA idhara udhara kuhU kuhU manohara zabda karatI thI usase

Page #127
jaina kathAzrI me prakRti-citraraNa aisA jAna paDatA thA mAno apane samAna surIle kaTho se bhUSita ramaNiyo kA gAna sunakara ve unake jItane kI icchA se hI zabda kara rahI hai / 106 isa prakAra vasata rAjA ke udita hone para rAjA sumukhI kA bhI vilAsI mana vana vihAra ke liye utsuka hugrA so ThIka hI hai jisa vasata ke prabhAva se bhramara koyala yAdi kSudra jantu bhI masta ho nAnA gAna gAne kI to bAta hI kyA hai ? lagate hai to manuSyo prathama hI usane uttamottama vastra aura grAbhUSaNa pahine pazcAt vaha bhale prakAra sajAye gaye kisI zratizaya unnata hAthI para savAra ho saja dhaja kara vana kI ora cala nikalA / usa samaya usake mastaka para pUrNa candramA ke samAna atizaya svaccha chatra phiratA thA jisase sUrya kI prabhA daba rahI thI / nAnA prakAra ke jalo se pUrNa samudra ke samAna aneka rAjAo se vyApta, vadIgaraNo se stuta rAjA sumukhI rAjamandira se nikala rAjamArga para zravatIrNa huve / vasata Rtu ke samAna sadA se prajA ke mana me virAjamAna rAjA sukha kA dekhane ke liye nagara kI nAriyo me baDA kolAhala maca gayA / cAro ora vardhasva, jaya, nada yahI dhvani sunI paDa rahI thI / hAtho ko joDe huve atizaya vyAkula ho striyA~ apane netra rUpI ajaliyo se sumukha ke rUpa kA pAna karane lagI / prakRti prakAra striyo ke madhya meM eka atizaya manohara sAkSAt ratike samAna strI vaiThI thI / acAnaka hI usa para rAjA kI dRSTi paDa gaI / usakA mukha candramA ke samAna thA / netra kamala ke samAna the / dono groSTha vivAphala sarIkhe aura kaTha zakha anurUpa thA / usake stana cakravAlo kI upamA ko dhAraNa karate the / kaTibhAga atizaya kRza thA / nAbhi atyanta gaharI thI / dono jaghana sughaTita thI / nittava kudarUphala se tulanA karate the aura dono caraNa, vizAla uru, sundara jaghA eva pASNiyo se atizaya zobhAyamAna the / rAjA sumukha usapara prati Asakta ho gayA aura lAlamA pUrvaka usa para girI huI grupanI caMcala dRSTi ko jarA bhI na roka sakA / usake mana me sahasA isa bAta kI ciMtA huI ki mugdha hariNI ke samAna netro se zobhita yaha ramaNI kisakI prAjJAkAriNI strI hai | atizaya sundara yaha carAvara apane rUpa rUpI pAna ne mere mana ko soca rahI hai / yadi isa janma me maine hRdaya ko grAnanda dene vAlI isa ramaNI ke

Page #128
110 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana sAtha vilAsa na kiyA to merA yaha aizvarya vyartha hai| yaha sundara rUpa aura navIna yauvana bhI kisI kAma kA nahI / cAhe yaha samasta loka parastrI sevana karane ke kAraNa eka ora ho sarvadA ke liye virodhI ho jAya, parantu merA jo citta parastrI me Asakta ho gayA hai, use mai roka nahI sakatA Adi / 'zarada Rtu varNana' pRSTha kramAka 186 se 187 harivaza purANa--- kadAcita varpAkAla ke vyatIta ho jAne para zarada Rtu kA Arambha huA / usa samaya zarada Rtu sarvathA sundara strI kI upamA dhAraNa karatI thii| kyoki strI ke jaisA mukha hotA hai vaha kamala rUpI mukha se zobhita thii| strI jaise adhara pallavo se maDita rahatI hai yaha bhI badhUka jAti ke manohara pallava rUpa adharo se zobhita thii| strI jaise zveta camaro se alakRta rahatI hai yaha bhI vikasita kAsa ke vRkSa rUpI zubhra camaro se yukta thii| strI jaise vastro se vepTita rahatI hai yaha bhI nirmala jala rUpI vastro se veSTita thii| ___ usa samaya dhUmra ke samAna kAlI megha pakti najara na paDatI thii| usase aisA jAna paDatA thA mAno zveta varNa gauno ke unnata zabdo ne usake zabdo ko pracchanna kara diyA thaa| isalie vaha lajjita ho chipa gaI hai| varSAkAla me meghamaDala se AvRta hone ke kAraNa dizAo me sUrya ke pAda (kiraNa) nahI phaila pAte the, parantu isa samaya megha kA AvaraNa vilkula naSTa ho cukA thaa| isaliye usa sUrya ne apane paira (kiraNa) saba ora pUrNa rIti se phailA rakkhe the| usa samaya megha rUpI nitavo se jharate (girate) huve jala rUpI citra vicitra vastro se maDita, bhavara rUpI nAbhi se ramaNIya, mIna rUpI netro se manohara, phena rUpI cUDAno se alakRta, taraga rUpI vizAla bhUjAyo se bhUSita, nadI rUpI ramaNiyA~ krIDA kAla me bhagavAna ke mana ko bhI haraNa karatI thii| lahara rUpI bhra kaTiyo se zobhita mIna ke samAna cacala kaTAkSo se yukta kAmI puruSo ke manohara alApo ke samAna matta bhore aura haso ke zabdo se ramya vikasita kamalo kI parAga rUpI agarAga ko dhAraNa karane vAlI sarasI rUpI striyA ratikAla me bhAgyavAna ko atizaya anurakta karatI thii| zAli kSetro me sugadhita zAli vRkSa phalo ke bhAra se namrIbhUta ho gaye aura unhI kSetro me kamala bhI praphullita ho gye| unase aisA pratIta hotA thA mAno sugadha ke atizaya lolupI kamala aura zAliphala zarIra se zarIra milAkara cirakAla taka eka dUsare kI sugadha sU ghanA cAhate hai /

Page #129
jaina kathAo me prakRti-citraraNa kadava vRkSa varSARtu me puSpita hote hai / isaliye zaradaRtu ke prArambha jaba kava dhUli se dhUsarita vicAre bhoro ko kadava puSpo kA madhu na milA to ve matta hAthiyo ke mada kI gaMdha dene vAle sapRcchada vRkSo se hI mana bahalAne lage / varSAkAlIna saMdhyA kA varNana: 111 varNa kAla kI sadhyA kA samaya thA / megha maMDala ne apane adhakAra- pUrNa vAtAvaraNa me sUrya ke sampUrNa pratApa ko Dhaka liyA thA / usane apanI ghanI aura kAlI cAdara se grAsamAna ko grAvRta kara liyA thA / yaha usake jaladAna kA samaya thA / megho ke hRdaya kI udAratA kA srota prAja anivArya gati se phUTa paDA thA / ve bhISaNa gati se bhUmaDala ko grArdra banAne kA sakalpa karane lage / are yaha kyA apane pracura dAna kI sImA kA Aja ve ullaghana hI kara gae ? - mahAtmA sajayata sudRDha tapasvI nAmaka kathA se rAtri- varNana usI samaya sUrya pazcima samRdra meM jAkara DUba gayA, mAno grAkAza jagala me calate hue thakakara usane snAna karane ke lie samudra me DubakI lagAI hai | pazcima dizA kA upabhoga karane ko jAte hue sUrya ne sadhyA bAdala ke chala se usake pazcima dizA ke vastra khIca lie ho--aisA mAlUma hone lagA / pazcisa dizA para chAI huI aruNa megho kI paramparA aisI jAna paDane lagI mAno akAla me sUrya ko choDakara teja judA raha gayA hai / navIna rAgI sUrya, ava navIna rAga vAlI pazcima dizA kA sevana karane lagA / jaina rAmAyaNa chaTA sarga

Page #130
jaina kathAoM kI racanA prakriyA jaina kahAniyo kA racanA- vidhAna baDA hI sarala sarasa eva AkarSaka hai / iname na zAbdika kAThinya hai aura na bhAvo kI durbodhatA / ye kathAe~ sAmAnya janatA ke lie likhI gaI thI ata inhe itanA subodha banAyA gayA thA ki prazikSita jana-samudAya bhI ise samajha sake aura manorajana ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana kI viSamatA se bhI avagata ho sake / ye samasta kahAniyA~ eka viziSTa lakSya ko lekara nirmita huI thI aura AcAra-vyavahAra, prathA-paramparA aura jIvana-jagat ko apane prAkAra me sabhAlatI huI Aja bhI jIvita hai / samayasamaya para inakA svarUpa parivartita huA aura svaro me badalAva grAyA, lekina prabodhana kI bhAvanA gramiTa rahI / katipaya kathAo ko choDakara prAya samasta kathAe~ aisI hai jiname prastAvanA kA abhAva hai / sAdhAraNatayA kathA kA prArambha kisI nagara athavA grAma ke nAma ke ullekha se hotA hai tathA sAtha hI sAtha kisI viziSTa zAsaka, athavA pradhAna puruSa kA bhI saketa kiyA jAtA hai / nRpati ke nAmollekha ke sAtha usakI rAnI eva rAjakumAro kI bhI prArambhika carcA karadI jAtI hai / bahusaMkhyaka kahAniryA aisI hai jiname sAdhAraNa vyaktiyo kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura kathAo kA prArabha vyakti vizeSa kI sAdhAraNa sthiti ke paricaya ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / kucha kathAe aisI bhI hai jinakA prArambha kisI pradhAna ghaTanA kI pUrva pIThikA se hotA hai / kathA ke prArabha me viziSTa pAtra ke ullekha ke

Page #131
jaina kathAzrI kI racanA prakriyA sAtha usakI patnI ke nAma kA bhI saketa kara diyA jAtA hai / kathA ke prArabha me maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa me zrI jinendra deva kI stuti paraka kucha zabda kaha diye jAte hai / aura anta me ( kathA kI samApti me ) sArAza ke rUpa me viziSTa lakSya kI bhI carcA karadI jAtI hai jisase ki pAThaka athavA zrotA sahaja hI me usa prayojana ko samajha sake jisake lie pUrI kathA kI sRSTi kI gaI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yahA~ do kathAo kA sArAza uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai (1) pUjana kA aisA mahatva hai ki atyanta mUrkha, vrata- rahita zUdra kI kanyAe~ bhI bhagavAn ke mandira kI dehalI para kevala phUla caDhAne ke kAraNa deva-gati ko prApta ho gaI / phira yadi samyagdRSTi vratI zrAvaka aSTadravya se praura bhAva sahita bhagavAn kI pUjA kare to indra- mahendra kI padavI ko kyo na prApta hove ? avazya hI hove / isalie hama sabako pratidina bhakti bhAva se jina pUjA karanI cAhiye / ( mAlI kI laDakiyo kI kathA, pUjAphala varNanApTaka puNyAsrava kathAkopa pR 3) 113 (3) dekhie 1 maraNa-kAla me eka cora bhI vinA vicAre athavA binA mahatva jAne hI namaskAra maMtra ke uccAraNa se deva - pada ko prApta hogayA, yadi anya sadAcArI puruSa zuddha mana se isa maMtra kA pATha kare to kyo na svargAdika sukho ko prApta hove ? avazya hI hove | ( dRDha sUrya cora kI kathA - puNyAstrava kathAkopa, pR0 107) maMgalAcaraNa eva sArAza kI pravRtti prAya samasta purAtana jaina kathAgro ye dRSTavya hai / lekina Aja ke katipaya kahAnIkAro ne prAcIna jaina kathAo kI kathAvastu ke AdhAra para kucha kahAniyA~ likhI hai / una nava nirmita kahAniyo mena maMgalAcaraNa kA saMketa upalabdha hai aura na sArAza dene kI pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki grAdhunika kahAnI kA racanA-vidhAna pAzcAtya kahanI kalA se atyadhika prabhAvita hai / isa sandarbha me DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina dvArA likhita do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ bhI ullekhya hai / kathAo me rocakatA lAne ke hetu tathA inhe prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke liye kathAkAro ne sUktiyo, subhASito dRSTAnto, eva upakathAo kA bhI paryApta mAtrA me prayoga kiyA hai / inake (sUktiyo eva subhASito ke) mAdhyama se kathA me sannihita lakSya kI pUrti ho jAtI hai aura sAtha hI sAtha jIvana ke

Page #132
114 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana eka aise viziSTa tatva se bhI pAThaka-zrotA paricita ho jAte haiM jo sAmAjika, dhArmika eva rAjanItika jIvana me vizeSa upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai| vezyA ke sambandha me kahA gayA hai ki-"vezyA dhana kA anubhava karatI hai, puruSa kA nahI / dhanahIna puruSa kAmadeva ke samAna ho to bhI vezyA usase prIti nahI lagAtI hai / " (arddhadagdha purupa aura bakare kI kathA-puNyAsrava kathAkoSa, pR0 85) / - isI prakAra guru kI mahimA ve viSaya me eka sUkti kahI gaI hai ki eka akSara, prAdhApada athavA eka pada ke dene vAle guru ke upakAra ko bhI jo bhUlatA hai baha pApI hai, phira dharmopadeza dene vAle guru ke viSaya me to kahanA hI kyA hai ? (puNyAsrava kathAkoSa pR0 63) . kayA-vastu kI sundaratA me abhivRddhi karane ke lie athavA kahie paramparAgata prApta kathA-prarUDhiyo kI vyApakatA eva sArthakatA siddha karane ke lie kahAniyo me yatra-tatra kathAnaka-rUDhiyo kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa sadarbha me 'jaina-kathAno me prarUDhiyA~' zIrSaka adhyAya dRSTavya hai| kayAtro kI kathAvastu ko vistAra dene ke lie tathA kathA-zilpa ko AkarSaka banAne ke hetu kahI-kahI kathAkAro ne alaukika tatvo ko bhI adhika prazraya diyA hai / isa viSaya me 'jaina kathAo me alaukika tatva' zIrSaka adhyAya avalokanIya hai| sAmAnyata kathAo kI zilpa prakriyA sAdhAraNa hI hotI hai / isame sIdhA sAdA kathAnaka hotA hai aura isakA prArambha 'eka samaya kI bAta haiamuka nagara me eka seTha rahatA thA,' 'eka gAva me eka mAlI rahatA thA, "jambUdvIpa-pUrva videha, Arya khaNDa-avanto deza me susImA nAmaka eka nagarI hai, "ku tala deza ke terapura nagara me nIla aura mahA nIla nAma ke do rAjA the"magadha deza ke rAjagRha nagara me eka upazroNika rAjA rAjya karatA thA"-Adi vAkyo se hotA hai / ina sAmAnya kathAno me kevala eka hI kathAnaka rahatA hai aura dhArmika athavA sAmAjika tathya ko sarala rIti me pratipAdita kara diyA jAtA hai / lekina kaI aisI bhI kathAeM hai jiname pradhAna kathAvastu ke sAtha kaI aneka upakathAe~ gumphita rahatI haiM jo pyAja ke chilako ke samAna athavA kahie kele kI chilakA valI (dala) kI bhAti eka ke bAda eka prastuta kI jAtI hai / aimI kathAno kI racanA-vidhi sAmAnya kahAniyo kI tulanA me kucha jaTila sI pratIta hotI hai /

Page #133
jaina kathAno kI racanA prakriyA 115 katipaya kathAe~ aisI bhI upalabdha hotI hai jinakA prArabha eka laghu prastAvanA se kiyA jAtA hai tathA prakRti varNana, rAjavaibhava-citraNa, nAgarika saundarya carcA, nIti-siddhAnta-vivecanA, svarga-vilAsa-vibhUti-digdarzana, cakravartIvaibhava-nirUpaNa, Adi ke mAdhyama se kathAnaka me kaI moDo kI kalpanA ko sAkAra banAyA jAtA hai| aisI kathAnI kI racanA-vidhi eka vizada prakAra kI kahI jA sakatI hai / kucha aisI bhI kathAeM hai jo rAjA zreNika ke prazna ke uttara me gautama svAmI dvArA kahI jAtI hai jiname kathA-zravaNa ke phala kA ullekha rahanA hai eva kathA kI garimA se salagna vratAdi kA vidhAna batAyA jAtA hai| eka prakAra kI viziSTa kathAe~ aura bhI hai jinakI kathAvastu sakSipta me prastuta kI jAtI hai| inakA pUrA kathAnaka praznottara me hI samApta ho jAtA hai| eka roga-pIDita athavA dukhI pAtra kiso munirAja se pApodaya kA kAraNa pUchatA hai aura ve (munirAja) use pApa ke udaya kA hetu batAte hai| kathA pUrI ho jAtI hai| aisI kathAno kA zilpa-vidhAna zarada-kAlIna saritA ke pravAha ke samAna baDA hI sarasa aura sIdhA hotA hai / bola cAla kI bhASA hI aisI kathAyo meM prayukta hotI hai eva choTe-choTe vAkyo ke dvArA kathA kA prArabha hotA hai aura samApti kI jAtI hai durgandhA ne badanA karake muni se pUchA-maiM kisa pApa ke udaya se aisI durgandha yukta huI hU~? muni ne kahA-soraTha (gujarAta) deza me eka girinagara hai / usakA rAjA bhUpAla aura rAnI svarUpavanI thii| usI nagara kA eka seTha gagadatta aura usakI strI siMdhumatI thii| eka samaya jaba vasanta Rtu apanI nirAlI chaTA aura apUrva zobhA dikhA rahA thA rAjA ne kIDA karane aura vasanta kI zobhA dekhane kA vicAra kiyaa| ityAdi (puNyAsrava kathA koSa pRSTha 25) ye kathAeM gadyAtmaka, padyAtmaka, eva gadyAtmaka padyAtmaka (mizrita) isa prakAra tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| ina tIno prakAra kI kathAyo kA zilpavidhAna pRthaka-pRthaka hotA hai| gadyAtmaka kathAno ke madhya me kathAkAra samucita eva bhAvapUrNa padya rakhakara racanA-prakriyA ko vizeSa AkarSaka banAdete hai / lokoktiyo eva muhAvaro ke prayoga se bhASA kI vyajanA zakti adhika balavatI bana jAtI hai| mAnava-hRdaya kI gahana anubhUtiyo ko citrita karanevAlI ye kathAeM kabhI dAmpatpa-prema ko pradarzita karatI hai to kabhI AdhyAtmika bhAvanA ko 'citrita karatI haiN| prema, ghRNA, hiMsA, pratihisA, vAtsalya, krodha,

Page #134
116 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana maitrI, vizva vandhutva zrAdi mAnavIya bhAvanAo ke pradarzana me saphala ina jaina kathAgro kI racanA-prakriyA vaDI vizada, bhAva-pUrNa, vaividhya paripUrNa, sahaja eva AkarSaka hai / aneka kahAniyo kI racanA-prakriyA me alakArAdi prayoga hue hai aura phalata unakI bhASA me ramaNIyatA eva madhurimA kA adhika samanvaya ho gayA hai / aisI racanA-prakriyA se Avaddha kathAo kA sAhityika mahatva vizeSata ullekhanIya hai / purANAdi meM gumphita kathAgro me aneka aisI kahAniyA~ hai jo vizuddha manovaijJAnika kahI jA sakatI haiM / unakI zilpa me samAsAnta padAvalI kA vAhulya hai, saMskRta zabdo kI pracuratA hai eva lambe-lambe vAkya hai, jinase manovaijJAnika tathyo ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra vibhinna kathAo kI racanA - vidhi me vaividhya hotA hai, jo svAbhAvika hI hai / 1 vastuta kathA - racanA-prakriyA kathAkAra kI kalA - saundarya-priyatA kI paricAyikA hai / jisa prakAra vAstukalA me pravINa zilpakAra apane kauzala se navInatA, AkarSaNa, eva viziSTatA ko sAkAra banAtA hai usI prakAra kathAkAra apane niyojana - kauzala se upalabdha kathAvastu Adi se kahAnI eka aisI vilakSaNatA ko citrita karatA hai jise dekhakara pAThaka - samudAya vimugdha ho jAtA hai / eka hI kathAvastu ko AdhAra banAkara jaba vibhinna kathAkAra apanI-apanI lekhanI se kahAnI ko bhinna-bhinna rUpo me akita karate hai tabhI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se racanA - zilpa kI utkRSTatA kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / prabuddha eva kalpanA - zIla citrakAra kI tUlikA kI sAdhAraNa thirakana bhI asAdhAraNa citra ko janma detI hai usI prakAra pratibhA sampanna kathAkAra kA suvyavasthita niyojana-zilpa sAmAnya kathAnaka ko loka-priya kahAnI ke rUpa me prastuta kara detA hai /

Page #135
jaina kathAoM kI sArvabhaumikatA jaina- kathA - sAhitya ne vizva kI kathAo ko vividha rUpoM me prabhAvita kiyA hai / ina jaina kahAniyo ke kathAnaka vizva kI kathAyA me isa prakAra gumphita hai ki zodha-dRSTi sugamatA se inakI vyApakatA kA parijJAna kara sakatI hai / prAcIna kAla me jaina sAdhu vibhinna prAnto me bhramaNa kara jaina-dharma kA pracAra karate the eva kathAo ke mAdhyama se jaina siddhAnto kI gUDhatA ko subodha banAkara loka - mAnasa kI abhiruci ko jaina-dharma ke prati AkarSita karate the / phalata ye kathAe~ loka-priya banI aura prAntIya boliyo me pravRtta hokara loka-maskRti kI sarakSikA kahalAI / "bRhatkalpa bhASya me kahA gayA hai ki deza - dezAntara bhramaNa karane se sAdhuo kI darzana-zuddhi hotI hai tathA mahAn AcArya Adi kI saMgati se ve apane Apako dharma me adhika sthira aura vidyA maMtra Adi kI prApti kara sakate hai / dharmopadeza ke lie sAdhu ko nAnA dezo kI bhASA me kuzala honA cAhie, jisase ve una dezo ke logo ko unakI bhASA me upadeza de sake / jana pada - parIkSA karate samaya kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu isa bAta kI jAnakArI prApta kare ki kauna se deza me kisa prakAra se dhAnya kI utpatti hotI hai - kahA varSA se dhAnya hote hai ? kahA nadI ke pAnI se hote hai ? isa prakAra sAdhu ko yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki kauna se deza me vANijva se grAjIvikA calatI hai aura kahA ke loga khetI para jIvita rahate haiM tathA kahA loga mAsa bhakSaNa

Page #136
118 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana karate haiM aura kahA puSpa phala Adi kA bahutAyata se upayoga hotA hai| jaina-grantho se patA calatA hai ki deza-videzo me jaina-zramaNo kA bihAra kramakrama se vaDhA / samprati urjAyanI kA baDA prabhAvazAlI rAjA huaa| jaina-granyo me samprati kI bahuta mahimA gAyI gaI hai| isane (samprati ne) apane yoddhAno ko zikSA dekara sAdhu ke veSa me sImAnta dezo me bhejA jisase ina dezo me jaina-zramaNo ko zuddha AhAra pAna kI prApti ho ske| isa prakAra rAjA samprati ne aAndhra, draviDa, mahArASTra aura kuDuvaka (kurga) Adi jaise anArya dezo ko jaina-zramaNo ke sukha-pUrvaka vihAra karane yogya bnaayaa| isake atirikta samprati ke samaya se sADhe paccIsa deza Arya deza mAne gae, arthAta ina dezo me jaina dharma kA pracAra huaa|"1 jaina kathAno ne apanI racanA- prakriyA se vizva ke samasta kathA sAhitya ko vizeSata prabhAvita kiyA hai / kisa prakAra kathA kI niyojanA honI cAhie tathA kina kina rUpo me kathAkAro ko kathAno me loka-jIvana kI abhivyakti karake bhAva-vyajanA ko balavatI banAnA cAhie eva rasa yojanA kahAniyo me kisa prakAra kI jAnI cAhie Adi viSayo kA jisa gabhIratA se jaina kathAno me nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai usakA anuzIlana kara sasAra ke kahAnIkAro ne jo viziSTa upAdhiyA prApta kI hai unakA pramukha sAdhana janakathA sAhitya hI hai / jaina-kathA prarUDhiyo se vizva-kathA sAhitya paryApta rUpa rUpa se anuprANita huA hai| jaina-kathAno kI bhAva-bhASA-zailI se prabhAvita vizva kA kahAnI sAhitya apane prArambhika utthAna se hI hai| jaina-purANo ke mUla pratipAdya viSaya 63 mahAyuruSo ke caritra hai| iname sannihita kathAe~ yUropiyano ke mata se vizva-sAhitya me sthAna pAne yogya haiN| jaina kathAno ko AdhAra banAkara aneka kaviyo eva nATakakAro ne kaI mahAkAvya, khaDa kAvya eva nATaka likhe hai| sUphI kavi jAyasI kA prasiddha mahAkAvya 'padmAvata' kI racanA prAkRta jaina-kathA 'rayaNa seharI naravai kahA' para AdhArita hai / DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara ke matAnusAra jaina sAhitya se isa prakAra aneka kAvyamaya AkhyAyikAno ke rUpa hamAre prArambhika hindI kaviyo ko mile aura prama mArgI kaviyo ne unapara kAvya likhakara acchA mArga prastuta kiyA (dRSTavya jaina-sAhitya kI hindI sAhitya ko dena-premI abhinandana grantha pRSTha 467) 1 jaina-granyo me bhaugolika sAmagrI aura bhArata varSa me jana-dharma kA prasAra le0 DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina (pramI abhinandana grantha pR0 251)

Page #137
jaina kathAno kI sArvabhaumikatA jaina sAhitya kI upadeza-paraka pravRtti ne (jo jaina-kathAno me adhika milatI hai) bhAratIya santa sAhitya ko adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai -"dUsarI pradhAna dhArA jaina sAhitya me upadeza kI hai, yaha adhika prAcIna hai| yaha upadezAtmakatA hame bhAratIya sAhitya me sarvatra mila sakatI hai, lekina jaina sAhitya kI upadezAtmakatA gRhastha jIvana ke adhika nikaTa A gaI hai| bhASA aura usakI saralatA isake pradhAna kAraNa hai| vartamAna sAdhu varga para jaina sAdhuno aura sanyAsiyo kA adhika prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| jo ho hindI sAhitya me isa upadeza (rahasyavAda mizrita) paramparA ke Adi pravartaka kabIradAsa hai aura unakI zailI, zabdAvalI kA pUrvavartI rUpa jaina racanAyo me hame prApta hotA hai / siddho kA bhI unapara paryApta prabhAva hai / yaha kahanA anucita aura asagata na hogA ki hindI kI isa kAvya dhArA para bhI jaina sAhitya kA paryApta prabhAva par3A hai|" kundakundAcArya, yogIndu devasena aura muni rAmasiMha ityAdi kaviyo kI upadeza pradhAna zailI aura santa sAhitya kI zailI me bahuta samAnatA hai / " (jaina sAhitya kI hindI sAhitya ko dena, le0 DaoN0 rAmasiha tomara premI abhidandana grantha pRSTha 467) jaina kathA sAhitya kI loka-priyatA kA sabase pravala pramANa yaha hai ki Aja se do hajAra varSa pUrva jaina kathAkAro ne jina kahAniyo kA praNayana kiyA ve Aja bhI loka kathAno ke rUpa me bhArata ke sabhI pradezo me pracalita hai| jaina Agamo me rAjA zreNika ke putra abhaya kumAra ke buddhicAturya kI jo kathA hai vaha apane usI rUpa me hariyANA ke loka-sAhitya me aDhAI dvata kI kathA ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura dakSiNa ke jaiminI sTUDiyo ne isa kathA ke AdhAra para 'magalA' citrapaTa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isI prakAra zera aura kharagoza kI kahAnI jisame kharagoza zera ko kue me anya zera kI parachAI dikhAkara ThagatA hai / 'bhikhArI kA sapanA' jisame svapna me havAI kilA banAtA huA bhikhArI apanI ekamAtra sampatti dUdha kI hADI ko phoDa DAlatA hai / 'nIle siyAra kI kahAnI' jisame siyAra apane ko nIlA raga me ragakara jagala kA rAjA bana baiThatA hai / bandara aura bayA kI kahAnI, jisame bandara vayA ke upadezo ko anasunA karake usake ghosale ko naSTa kara DAlatA hai Adi aneka kahAniyA~ aAja bhI sarva sAdhAraNa meM pracalita hai| ye hI kahAniyA~ jaina sAhitya ke atirikta hame bauddhajAtako, pacatatra, hitopadeza, kathA saritsAgara

Page #138
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana Adi jainetara kathA sAhitya me bhI prApta hotI hai / isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jaina kathA sAhitya sArvabhautikatA kI vyApaka bhAvabhUmi para khaDA huA hai / hama use kisI samudAya yA dharma vizeSa kI sakucita sImAtra me nahI bAdha sakate / aura na usakA kSetra kisI eka deza yA yuga taka hI sImita hai / usakA vizva vyApI mahatva hai aura yuga vizeSa se Upara uThakara vaha vizva sAhitya kI ciratana aura zAzvata dharohara hai / samagra mAnava jAti kI vaha amUlya sampatti hai aura yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki isI sArvajanIna aura sArvabhaumika rUpa me jaina kathA sAhitya kI amUlya sampatti kA upayoga bhI huA hai / jaina kathA sAhitya na kevala bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kA janaka rahA hai apitu sapUrNa vizva kathA sAhitya ko usane pra eraNA dI hai / bhArata kI sImAo ko lAghakara jaina kathAai araba, cIna, lakA, yoropa Adi deza - dezAntaro me pahucI hai aura apane mUla sthAna kI bhA~ti vahA~ bhI loka priya huI hai / yoropa meM pracalita aneka kathAe jaina kathAo se adbhuta sAmya rakhatI hai / udAharaNa ke liye nAyadhimma kahA, cAvala ke pAca dAne kI kathA kucha badale hue rUpa me IsAiyo ke dharmagrantha 'bAibila' me prApta hotI hai / cArudatta kI kathA kA kucha za jahA~ vaha bakare kI khAla me banda hokara ratnadvIpa para jAtA hai sindhavAda jahAjI kI kahAnI se pUrNata milatA julatA hai / prasiddha yoropIya vidvAna TvAnI ne kathAkoSa kI bhUmikA me yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki vizva kathAyo kA mUla strota jaino kA kathA sAhitya hI hai, kyoki jaina kathAkoSo kI kahAniyo aura yoropa kI kahAniyo me paryApta sAmyatA hai tathA yaha bhI nizcita hai ki ye saba kI saba kahAniyA~ jaina kathA sAhitya se udhAra lI gaI hai / TvAnI ne aneka udAharaNo dvArA isa bAta ko siddha kiyA hai / 120 prasiddha yoropIya vidvAna prophesara jaikovI ne apanI 'pariziSTa parva' kI bhUmikA me eka strI aura usake pra emI kI eka jainakathA ko uddhRta kiyA hai / Azcarya kI bAta hai ki yahI kahAnI jyo kI tyo cIna ke loka sAhitya me pracalita hai aura phrAnsa me bhI kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha loka priya hai / 'alipha 'lailA' (AravopanyAsa) kI kahAniyoM kA mUla AdhAra bhI jaina kathA sAhitya hai, yaha bAta kucha Azcarya janaka sI pratIta hotI huI bhI satya hai / 'alipha lailA' meM eka bajIra kI laDakI bAdazAha kI malikA banakara prati rAtri eka kahAnI sunAkara apane prANa bacAtI hai / isI prakAra zrAvazyaka cUriMga kI kahAnI 'caturAI kA mUlya' hai jisakI nAyikA kanakamajarI prati rAtri eka kahAnI sunAne kA lobha dekara apane pati ko, jo ki rAjA hai 6 mAsa taka

Page #139
jaina kathAgro kI sArvabhaumikatA apane pAsa roke rahatI hai / 'nAyAdhamma kahA kI 'pralobhano ko jIto' kahAnI kA kathAnaka 'alipha lailA' kI kahAniyoM se bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai / 121 [ jaina kathA sAhitya - lekhaka prophesara phUlacanda jaina sAraga ema e sAhitya ratna, zrImad vijaya rAjendra sUri smAraka gratha se sAbhAra / ] DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina ne jaina - kathA - sAhitya se cunakara 'do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~' nAma se eka kathA saMgraha prastuta kiyA hai / isa saMgraha me saMgrahIta kathAe~ tIna rUpo me ( laukika kahAniyA~, aitihAsika kahAniyA~ eva dhArmika kahAniyA~ ) vibhAjita kI gaI hai / laukika kathAo ke sambandha me DaoN0 jaina ne likhA hai laukika kathAo me una loka- pracalita kathAgro kA saMgraha hai jo bhArata me bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai, aura jinakA kisI sampradAya yA dharma se koI sambandha nahI hai / isa vibhAga me do kahAniyA~ nAyA dhamma kahA (jJAtR dharma kathA ) me se lI gaI hai / ina kahAniyo me cAvala ke pA~ca dAne (nAyA dhamma 7) kahAnI kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha mUla sarvAstivAda ke vinaya vastu ( pR0 62 ) tathA vAibila ( saiNTa maithyU kI suvArtA 25, seNTa lyUka kI suvArtA 16 ) me bhI grAtI hai / mAdI putro kI kahAnI (nAyA dhamma 6 ) kAlpanika pratIta hone para bhI hRdayagrAhI tathA zikSAprada hai / isa prakAra ke laukika AkhyAno dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra sayama kI kaThoratA aura anAsakti bhAva kA upadeza dete the / yaha kathA kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha valAhassa jAtaka (sa0 166 ) tathA divyAvadAna me upalabdha hotI hai / isa vibhAga kI kaI kahAniyA~ pahelI sAhitya kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatva kI hai / paDita kauna ? ( Avazyaka cUriMga, pR0 52226) catura rohaka (vahI pR0 544 - 46 ) rAjA kA nyAya ( vahI pR0 55556), caturAI kA mUlya ( vahI pR0 57-60 ) nAmaka kahAniyA~ atyanta manorajaka aura kalpanA zakti kI paricAyaka hai / iname se aneka kahAniyA~ Ajakala vIravala aura akavara kI kahAniyo ke nAma se pracalita hai / catura rohaka kA kucha bhAga mahA ummagga- jAtaka me pAyA jAtA hai / paDita kauna hai ? kA kucha bhAga rUpAntara ke sAtha zuka saptati ( 28 ) me AtA hai / do mitro kI kahAnI (Avazyaka cUriMga, pR0 551) kathAsaritsAgara ( pR0 315 ) zuka saptati ( 36 ) tathA kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha kUTa vANija jAtaka aura pacatatra me pAyI jAtI hai / " 1 1. do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA - prAstAvika se sAbhAra /

Page #140
122 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana prAcIna jaina kathA-sAhitya me sarvaprathama gumphita vinA vicAra karane kA phala, ghaNTI vAlA gIdaDa, kapaTa kA phala, vandara aura vayA, lAlacI gIdaDa, rAjA kA nyAya, gIdaDa kI caturAI, do pAthalI sattU, ghoDo kA saIsa, kRtana kaue, vRddha jano kA mUlya, vaidyarAja yA yamarAja, vidyA kA ghaDA, rAnI mRgAvatI, rAjA zAlivAhana kA matrI, vikramarAja mUladeva gagA kI utpatti, kapila muni, zamba kI kIla, yakSa yA lakaDI kA hU~Tha, cANDAla putro kI kahAnI, rohiNeya cora, jinadatta kA kauzala, kalpaka kI caturAI prAdi kahAniyA~, vaghelakhaDa, bundelakhaDa, chattIsagaDha, rAjasthAna, mAlavA, nImADa, ruhelakhaNDa, vagAla, kAzmIra, gaDhavAla, pajAva, bhojapura, karnATaka, dakSiNa bhArata, gujarAta Adi bhU-bhAgo me kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha vibhinna zIrgako se pracalita hai / ina me se katipaya kathAe~ to pAzcAtya dezo me bhI sAdhAraNa parivartana ke sAtha loka jIvana me samA gaI hai| jena-kathA-sAhitya kI yaha sArvabhaumikatA pramANita kara rahI hai ki vizva kI kahAniyA~ jaina kathAo se atyadhika prabhAvita hai|

Page #141
jaina kathAnoM meM nAmoM kI saMpojanA nAmakaraNa bhI hamArI saMskRti eva sabhyatA kA dyotaka hai / vizva me koI bhI aisA cetana tathA acetana nahI hai jisakA nAma na ho / nAmo ke mAdhyama se hI hame aise saketa upalavdha hote hai jinase padArtho eva prANiyo ke svabhAvAdi kA parijJAna hotA hai / saskAro me nAmakaraNa ko abhihita karake hamAre grAcAryoM ne nAmoM kI upayogitA ko bhI samajhA hai| vibhinna prakAro ke nAma vizva ke prAgaraNa me pallavita eva puSpita bhinna-bhinna dharmo eva sampradAyo ke kramika vikAsa se sambaddha itihAsa kI ubharI huI renvAno ko prastuta karate hai / rAmadAsa, siyAzaraNa kRSNazakara, kRSNavihArI, zyAmabihArI, rAdhAramaNa, gagAdAsa, yamunAdAsa, zivadAsa, zivasahAya, jinadAsa, jinadatta, RpabhadAma, kAlIcaraNa, bhairavanAtha, narmadAprasAda, dharmadAga, bhUtanAna, pArvatI, nutucyA, mItA, rAdhA, campA, camelI, devIdAsa, mAgaramala, pratApagaha, nandadAsa, buddhiprakAga, gopAladAna, gopAlazaraNasiMha yAdi nAma eka aura mAnada kI viniSTa sampradAya-priyatA ko batAte haiM aura dUsarI ora unakI bhani-paramparA ko bhI prabhibyajita karate hai / grAmINa nAma yadi hamArI gAmna-mA kRti ko jIvita rakha rahe hai to sumaskRta nAmAvalI eka udAta sAskRtika netatA kI bhiti yo bhI munarita karatI hai| guNa svabhAva, jAti, dhArmika vikhAna, japAna, zArIrika nAkAra-prakAra, kula-gonATi mati pani, pAnginti nAnA raNa, chAtI

Page #142
124 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana . devatA, sampradAya, guru-sarakSaNa, varadAna, mAnyatA Adi kA nAmakaraNa me vizeSa mahatva mAnA gayA hai| katipaya nAma abhidhA mUlaka hote hai aura kucha nAma lAkSaNika bhI kahe gaye hai / lekina lAkSaNika eva vyagyAtmaka nAma bhI zana zanai abhidhA mUlaka ho jAte hai| na kevala jaina purANo me hI varana samasta vAD maya me nAmo kI aisI rAzi upalabdha hotI hai, jinhe zabda zaktiyo ke AdhAra para anekavA vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / zabda-zaktiyo ke AdhAra para to nAmo ko vargIkRta kiyA hI jA sakatA hai / unake dvArA bhakRta artho ke mAdhyama se bhI vibhAjana pUrNa rUpeNa sabhAvya hai / zabda-zaktiyo ke sandarbha meM sarvaprathama samUcI nAma rAzi ko dvidhA vibhakta kara sakate haiM - vyAsAtmaka eva samAsAtmaka / isa ubhaya vidhi nAma-rAzi ko puna abhidhA zakti ke AdhAra para nimnalikhita rUpa se caturdhA vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) rUDha (2) yaugika (3) yogarUDha (4) yaugika rUDha / (1) jina nAmo kI vyutpatti na ho sake unhe rUDha (zabda) kahate hai jaise--Dintha (kATha kA hAthI) isa nAma kI koI vyutpatti nahIM hai / (2) avayava zakti se artha-bodhaka nAma yaugika kahe jAte hai / jaisepAcaka (rasoiyA) tathA pAThaka jo paDhAtA ho use pAThaka kahate hai| yahA~ paTh kriyA se yaha nAma nirmita hai| (3) samudAya aura avayava dono kI zakti se jo arthabodhaka nAma hote hai, ve yogarUDha kahalAte hai / jaise-pakaja / isa nAma kI vyutpatti kI jAya to pakAn jAyate iti pakaja / lekina yaha nAma kevala kamala ke lie hI rUDha hunA hai / isa prakAra isa nAma kA vodha samudAya eva avayava dono ke mAdhyama se hotA hai / dUsare zabdo me hama yo kaha sakate hai ki jahA~ avayava zakti, samUha'zakti se niyantrita hokara abhISTa artha pradAna kare, use 'yoga-rUr3ha' nAma kahate hai|

Page #143
jaina kathAno me nAmA kI sayojanA 125 (4) jinakI samUha zakti nirapekSa ho ve yaugika rUDha nAma kahalAte hai| jaise-azvagandhA (eka jaDI kA nAma) / yadi yahA~ hama isa nAma kI avayava zakti dvArA vyutpatti kareM to azvasya gandha iva gandho yasyA-ghoDe kI gandha ke samAna hai gandha jisakI / lekina yaha vyutpatti yahA~ nirapekSa hai kyoki asagandha nAmaka jaDI ghoDe kI gandha ke samAna gandha kI apekSA nahIM rkhtii| isI prakAra samUha-zakti se bhI yahA~ nirapekSatA hai / yadi ina cAra prakAra ke nAmo ke bheda-prabhedoM para vicAra kiyA jAya to aneka bheda ho sakate hai| dRSTavya-jayadeva viracita, candrAloka kA prathama mayUkha / jaina kathAno me nAmoM kI sArthakatA ullekhya hai / prAya guNo ke anurUpa hI nAma rakhe gaye hai / jaise-dhanadatta (dAna me dhana dene vAlA), jayakumAra (vijaya prApta kartA), sulocanA (sundara netra vAlI), durgandhA (jisake zarIra se durgandha AtI ho) ityAdi / purAtatva kI dRSTi se bhI ina jaina nAmo kA vizeSa mahatva hai| inake mAdhyama se hame prAcIna jaina-saskRti kI eka prazasta jhalaka dikhAI detI hai / ina nAmo ke vizada anuzIlana se hame yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jAtigata nAma garne zanai vyakti vAcaka bana gaye eva sthAno ke nAmo ne vyaktivAcaka nAmo ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| isa prakAra vyavasAya, jAti, deza Adi ke anurUpa bhI hajAro nAma-ina jaina kathAno me anAyAsa hI upalabdha ho jAte hai| ina jaina nAmo ne apanI ramaNIyatA, komalatA, guNAnurUpatA eva lAlitya se loka-priyatA to prApta kI hI hai, sAtha hI pUrvavartI tathA paravartI nAma paramparA ko vividha rUpo me prabhAvita bhI kinA hai / udAharaNArtha yahA~ kucha jaina nAmo kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| ye pAtro kI cAritrika vizeSatAyo ke paricAyaka hai eva sArthaka kahe jA sakate hai / rUDha nAma to kama hai, lekina yaugika, yogarUha tathA yaugikarUDha nAmo kI paryApta saMkhyA milatI hai| jaina AcAryoM ke nAma 1 gauttama gaNavara 2 bhadrabAhu 3 dharasena 4 kundakunda 5. umAsvAti 6. samantabhadra 7 siddhapena 8 devanandi 6 akalaka 10. vidyAnandi 11. jinasena 12 prabhAcandra 13 vAdirAja 14. jinabhadragaNi 15. haribhadra 16. hemacandra 17 yazovijaya / maSi, muniyo evaM sAdhviyo kI nAmAvalI Rpi-muniyo ke nAma sAdhviyo ke nAma 1. guNasAgara 1 pRthivImatI 2. sugupti 2. jinamatI

Page #144
126 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana 3 yamadhara 4 aravinda 5 samAdhigupta 6 sudarzana 7 bAli sudharmAcArya 6. sUryamitra 10. yazobhadra 11 sukumAla 12 prItakara rAjAo ke nAma 1 zroNika 2 dharmaghoSa maNimAlI jitazatru vizvasena 6 andhakavRSTi akampana vimalavAhana aravinda 10 zrIkAnta 11 dhanapAla 12 dhAtrivAhana 3. rAjImatI 4 candanavAlA 5. vasumatI 6 madhumatI 7 svastimatI 8 dharmamatI 6 kIrtimatI 10. tyAgaprabhA 11 dharmaprabhA 12 guNavatI rAniyo ke nAma 1 celinI 2 lakSmImatI 3 guNamAlA dhanadattA 5 suprabhA 6 sulocanA 7 vimalamatI lakSmIvatI 6 manoharI 10. dhanamatI vasundharA 12 videhI mantriyo ke nAma m x 1 vizvabhUti 2 araviMda nayadhara jayadhara bandhudatta vAsava agnimitra 5 w 2 is guNadhara

Page #145
jaina kathAno me nAmo kI sayojanA 127 6 yazodhara 10 zrIdhara 11 durmati 12 somadatta seTho (dhanapatiyo) ke nAma 1 dhanadatta 2 vasumitra 3 samudradatta 4 vRpabhadAsa 5 jinadatta 6. dharmadatta 8 dhanapati 6 bhaviSyadatta 10 devila 11 zrIkumAra 12 dhanapAla / seThAniyo (dhanapatniyo) ke nAma / 1. jinamatI 2. sAgarasenA 3. manoramA 4 vasukAntA 5 nAgazrI 6. yazobhadrA 7. kanakaprabhA 8 ratikAntA 6 kamalazrI 10 manoharI 11. devalamatI 12. stybhaamaa| nidhiyoM ke nAma 1 'kAlanidhi 2 mahAkAlanidhi 3 pAkanidhi 4 mANavaka 5 naisarpanidhi 6 sarvaratnanidhi 7 zakhanidhi 8 padma nidhi / nagaro ke nAma 1 rAjagRha 2 pATaliputra 3 ratnasacayapura 4 podanApura 5. terapura 6 ayodhyA 7 yakSapura 8. kiSkidhApura 6. bhRgukaccha 10 alakApura 11 siNhpur| nagariyoM ke nAma 1. urjAyanI 2 vArANasI 3 ayodhyA 4 puNDarI kiNI 5 dvArAvatI 6 campApurI 7 puSkalAvatI 8 kauzAmbI 6. mithilA 10 candrapurI 11 ahichatrapurI 12 dvaarikaapurii|| nadiyo ke nAma 1 gagA 2 sidhu 3 rohita 4 rohitAsyA 5 harita 6 harikAntA 7 sItA 8 sItodA 6. nArI 10 narakAntA 11 suvarNa kUlA 12 rupya kUlA 13 raktA 14 raktodA / pahAr3o ke nAma 1 himavata 2 mahAhimavata 3. niSidha 4 nIla 5 rukmi 6 zikhariNo 7 malayAgiri 8 mandAragiri 6 rucikagiri 10 gandhamAdana / tAlAdo ke nAma 1 padma 2. mahApadma 3 tigicha 4. kezari 5 mahApuNDarIka 6 punnddriik|

Page #146
128 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana grAmo (gA~vo) ke nAma 1 savara 2, zAlmalikhaNDa 3 gaJjapura 4 zUparika 5, Aloka 6 veNAtaDAga 7, nandigrAma 8 Anandapura 6. ratnapura 10 palAsakaTa 11 yazopura 12 dharmapura / tIrtha kSetro ke nAma 1 sammedazikhara 2 pAvApura 3 rAjagRhI 4 candrapurI 5 kauzAmbI 6 hastinApura 7 svarNagiri (sonAgiri) 8 kuNDalapura 6 siddhavara kUTa 10 giranAra 11 mAgI tu gI 12 zravaNa velgolaa| sAmAnya nara-nAriyoM ke nAma purupo ke nAma nAriyo ke nAma 1 mAnabhadra 1 manoharI 2 pUrNabhadra 2 kinnarI 3. cArudatta 3 'nIlIbAI 4 rudradatta 4 kapilA 5 sudRSTi 5. vasundharI 6 aJjana 6. somilA 7 lakuca 7 bhadrA 8 govinda 8 sulasA 6 sAtyaki 9 sudatta 10 dharaNIdhara 10 sUradatta 11 kapila 11 kozA 12 mAkandI 12 upakozA 13 malla 13 dhanavatI 14 aTThaNa 14 acalA 15, phalahiya 14 virUpA 16 macchinna 16 ArdrA 17 bharata 17 rUpavatI 18 rohaka 18 dharitrI __ nAmo kI isa sayojanA se kaI tathya prakAza me Ate haiM / nagaro ke nAmakaraNa me narezo ke nAmo kA maketa spaSTa hai / eka yuga thA jaba nRpati apane nAmo ko kucha samaya ke lie amaratva pradAna karane ke lie nagaro tathA grAmo ke nAma-karaNa me apane nAmo ko AdhArabhUta banAte

Page #147
jaina kathAyo meM nAmo ko sayojanA 126 the| kahA jAtA hai ki bharatavaza kI chaTI pIDhI me rAjA hasti hue / unhone hastinApura nAma kI nagarI vasAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / isI taraha bharata ke putra takSa ne takSazilA aura puSkara ne puSkarAvatI basAI thii| bundelakhaNDa prAnta me cadela aura bundela rAjAno ke vasAye hue kaI sthala maujUda hai| madanapura ko cadela rAjA madana varmA ne basAyA thA / lalitapura sumerasiMha kI rAnI lalitA kA vasAyA huyA vatAyA jAtA hai / hamIrapura ko alavara ke kisI hamIra deva nAmaka rAjapUta ne basAyA thaa|"] grAmo ke sambandha me viziSTa pazu-pakSiyo eva pAdapa-puSpo kA bAhulya ullekhya hai / sUkarapurA gA~va me jagalI suaro kA eka samaya bAhulya thaa| ata grAma ko sUkarapurA nAma prApta huA / isI pakAra kagaliyA (kAgo kA Adhikya sUcita karatA hai) imaliyA (imalI nAmaka vRkSo kA bAhulya batAtA hai) kaithA (kapittha-kathA kI adhikatA sUcita karatA hai) velA (eka prakAra ke sugandhita puSpa kA bAhulya prakaTa karatA hai) Adi grAmo ke nAma udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye jA sakate hai / isa prakAra ke hajAro grAma nAma pracalita hai / kanyAyo eva yuvatiyo ke nAma karNa-priya hone cAhie-yaha maharSiyo kA mata hai / Rpiyo ke isa abhimata kA upayoga nAriyo tathA vAlikAmo ke nAmakaraNa me vizeSata huA hai / devAlayo, parvato eva sara-saritAyo ke nAma viziSTa RSi-muniyo, viziSTa bhU-bhAgo, ghaTanAvizeSa, salila-ragAdi para AdhArita kahe gaye hai / viziSTa dhAtu kI upalabdhi kabhI-kabhI bhUvara eva sara-saritAo ke nAmakaraNa kA prAdhAra bana jAtI hai| katipaya nAma aise bhI hai jinakA sambandha prAkRta, saskRta, apabhraza, goDI, mAlavI, bundelI, vaghelI, marAThI, chattIsagaDhI, kannaDa, malayAlama Adi bhASA-boliyo se hai / aise nAmo kA adhyayana bhI vaDA rocaka hogA / zrAvazyakatA hai vibhinna bhApAno aura boliyo ke samyak avyavana kI / jana kathAno me Aye hue vibhinna nAmo kA anugIlana yadi dhArmika, sAmAjika, ainihAsika, bhASA vaijJAnika, purA tattvIya Adi dRSTikoNo se kiyA jAya to ina nAmo kI sImA, utpatti vistAra Adi kA eka vizada itihAma ho upalabdha ho sakatA hai| lekina yaha kArya bahuta pratibhAvAna vidvAna ke zrama se hI pUrNa ho skegaa| / gAmo aura nagaro kA nAmakaraNale0 zrIkRSNAnanda gupta mAra 1 julAI 1942 /

Page #148
jaina kathAoM kA sAhityika saundarya sAhityika dRSTi se jaina kathA sAhitya kI mahattA sarvamAnya hai| sAhitya me jisa garimA, vizva-kalyANa, udAtta bhAvanA, sAskRtika prabodhana, sArvabhaumika sahayoga, punIta saundarya bodha, sarasatA, satya, ziva, sundara kI vyApakatA, kalAtmaka abhivyajanA, sArvajanIna sarasa bhAvukatA Adi kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai, usakI rUpAtmaka abhivyakti baDe kauzala ke sAtha ina kathAno me upalabdha hotI hai| jaina kahAniyo me dharma, artha, kAma eva mokSa-ina cAra tatvo kA vizada vivecana huA hai, phira bhI dharma sAdhanA ke dvArA mokSa kI prApti kA uddezya vizeSata sarvatra mukharita hai / zR gArAdi nava raso kI yahA~ sarasa abhivyajanA huI hai lekina AdhyAtmika vAtAbaraNa ke pariprekSpa me zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA ullekhya hai / sAsArika rUpAsakti tathA vaibhava zAlitA kI ina kathAno me upekSA pradarzita nahI huI hai apitu yathAvasara inake rasapUrNa citraNa ke sAthasAtha jIvana ke carama lakSya-virakti kA sahaja nirUpaNa karake kathAkAra ne zama kI pradhAnatA ko kabhI nahIM bhulAyA hai| ina kahAniyo me eka ora zRgAra kA sukhada sammizraNa hai aura dUsarI ora jIvana kI virakti zabda-zabda me mukhara huI hai / katipaya kahAniyo me rAga (prema) kA baDA marmasparzI citraNa kiyA hai lekina kathA-samApti para isa rAga kI nissAratA ko batAkara kathAkAra ne virakti- paripUrNa eka mahAn uddezya kI paripuSTi nimnastha chando kI bhAvanA me kI hai

Page #149
jaina kathAyo kA sAhityaka saundarya rAga udai jaga grantha bhayo, sahajahi sava logana lAja ga~vAI / sIkha vinA nara sIkhata hai, viSayAdika sevana kI sudharAI / tApara aura ravaM rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI niThurAI / suna kI a~khiyAna me, DArata hai raja rAmaduhAI 1 rAga udai bhoga bhava lAgata suhAvane se, binA rAga aise lAga jaise nAga kAre hai / rAga hI sIM pAga rahe tana meM sadIva jIva, rAga gae prAvata gilAnI hota nyAre haiM / rAga sau jagata rIti jhUThI saba sA~cI jAna, rAga miTaM sUta prasAra khela sAre haiM / rAgI vina rAgI ke vicAra me vaDauI bheda, jaise bhaTA paca kAhU - kAhU ko vayAre hai / 131 -bhUdharadAsa -bhUvaradAma "hindI jaina sAhitya kI eka sabase vaDI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usame zAnta rasa kI saritA hI sarvatra pravAhita dRSTigocara hotI hai / saMskRta aura prAkRta ke jaina granthakAro ke samAna hindI jaina granthakAroM kA bhI eka hI lakSya rahA hai ki manuSya kisI taraha sAsArika viSayo ke phande se nikala kara apane ko pahacAne aura apane utthAna kA prayatna kare / inI lakSya ko nAmane kara bhane panI racanAe~ kI hai / hindI jaina sAhitya me hI nahIM, apitu hindI mAhitya meM kavivara vanArasIdAsa jI kI AtmakathA to eka pUrva hI racanA hai / unakA nATaka samayAnusAra bhI adhyAtma kA eka apUrva grantha hai / " 1 ina paMktiyo me abhivyakta vicAradhArA jaina kathA sAhitya ke udadezya ke ho anurUpa hai / 1, jaina dharma-le0 phailAnandra jo zAnnI, pRSTha 257

Page #150
132 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana jaisA ki pUrva me saketa kiyA jA cukA hai, jaina kaviyo ke samAna hI jaina kathAkAro ne jIvana ke samasta rUpo ko citrita kara una para virakti kA gaharA raga zAnti-tUlikA se isa prakAra kiyA hai ki 'zama' ke citra sarvatra ubhara kara suzobhita ho rahe haiM / 'jaina kaviyo para yaha Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai ki uname jIvana-virakti vahuta adhika mAtrA me hai / DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne isI kI ora saketa karate hue likhA hai ki sAdhAraNatayA jaina sAhitya me jaina dharma kA hI zAnta vAtAvaraNa vyApta hai, sata ke hRdaya me zRgAra kaisA ? jaina kAvya me zAnti yA zama kI pradhAnatA hai avazya, kintu vaha prArabha nahI pariNati hai / sabhavata pUre jIvana ko zama yA virakti kA kSetra banA denA prakRti kA virodha hai / jaina kavi ise acchI taraha se jAnatA hai, isaliye usane zama yA virakti ko uddezya ke rUpa me mAnate hue bhI sAsArika vaibhava, rUpa, vilAsa aura kAmAmakti kA citraNa bhI pUre yathArtha ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / jIvana kA bhoga pakSa itanA nirbala tayA sahaja AkrAmya nahI hotA, isakA AkarpaNa durnivArya hai, Asakti svAbhAvika, isIlie sAdhanA ke kRpANa patha para calane vAlo ke tie yaha aura bhI bhayakara ho jAte hai / siddha sAhitya kI apekSA 'jaina sAhitya me rUpa saundarya kA citraNa kahI jyAdA bArIka aura ragIna huA hai, kyoki jaina dharma kA maskAra rUpa ko nirvANa prApti ke lie sahAyaka nahI mAnanA, rUpa adamya AkarpaNa kI vastu hone ke kAraNa nirvANa meM bAdhaka hai-isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa jaina kaviyo ne gAra kA vaDA hI uddAma vAsanApUrNa aura kSobhakAraka citraNa kiyA hai, jaDa padArtha ke prati manuSya kA AkarSaNa ' jitanA ghaniSTha hogA, usase virakti utanI hI tiivrH| zamana zakti kI mahattA kA anumAna to indriya bhoga-spRhA kI tAkata se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / nArI ke zRgArika rUpa, yauvana, tathA tajjanya kAmottejanA Adi kA citraNa isI kAraNa bahuta sUkSmatA se kiyA gayA hai / jaina-kavi paurANika caritro me bhI sAmAnya jIvana kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyo kI hI sthApanA karatA hai / usake caritra avatArI jIva nahI hote isIlie unake pramAdi ke citraNa devatva ke pAtaka se kabhI bhI kRtrima nahI ho pAte / ve eka aisI jIvAtmA kA citraNa karate hai jo apanI Atarika zaktiyo ko vazIbhUta karake paramezvara pada ko prApta karane ke lie nirantara saceNTa hai| usakI UrdhvamukhI cetanA AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNa me sA~sa letI hai, kintu paka se utpanna kamala kI taraha usakI jaDa sattA sAsArika vAtAvaraNa se alaga nahI hai / isIlie sasAra ke apratima

Page #151
jaina kathAno kA sAhityika saundarya saundarya ko bhI tiraskRta karake apane sAdhanA-mArga para aTala rahane vAle muni ke prati pAThaka apanI pUrI zraddhA de pAtA hai / jaina zRgAra-varNana ke isa vivaraNa se itanA rapaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dhArmika kAvyo me jinakA mukhya uddezya bhakti kA pracAra thA, zRgAra kabhI upekSita nahI rahA, balki ina varNano se to isakI atizayatA kA bhI patA calatA hai|" isa uddharaNa se jo tathya jaina kavi ke sambandha me kahe gaye hai, ve jaina kathAkAra ke viSaya me bhI pUrNa rUpa se lAgU hote hai / / / jaina kathAkAro ne mAnava kI sahaja pravRttiyo kA bhI vaDI sahRdayatA se citraNa kiyA hai| dIna hIna kI vyathA kyA hotI hai pArAdhya ke prati ArAdhaka kI bhakti me kitanI pragADhatA rahatI hai ? sagharSoM se jUjhane kI dRDhatA jaina tapasviyo me agAdha hai / kAma-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara prANI kitanA adhama bana jAtA hai Adi kI abhivyajanA jaina kahAniyo me svAbhAvika rUpa se huI hai / vividha raso kA paripAka ina kahAniyo me isa rUpa me huA hai ki pAThaka, eva zrotA prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / palAyanavAdI pravRtti kA virodha karate hue kathAkAro ne yathArthavAda ke dharAtala para AdarzavAda kI sudRDha sthApanA kI hai| udAtta caritro kI sRSTi ne mAnava kI hIna bhAvanAyo kI rekhAyo ko astitvahIna banA diyA hai / svastha sAmAjika, dhAmika eva rAjanaitika vAtAvaraNa ne yuga kI mAnyatApro ko paryApta paripuSTi pradAna kI hai| ina kayAyo me abhivyajita bhAvanAso kI gahanatA, mArmika savedanA tathA vizva-vandhutva kI kAmanA itanI gaharI rekhApro me ubharI haiM ki yuga-yugo taka ina kahAniyo kI lokapriyatA jIvita rahegI / ___ bhAva pakSa kI bhA~ti isa kayAM sAhitya kA kalA pakSa bhI vaDA sundara eva bhavya hai / sAhitya kI eka pramukha vidhA kahAnI hai, jisake dvArA sAhitya kA satulita tathA manorama rUpa nikharatA hai / saskRta, prAkRta, apabhrazAdi bhASAmo se anUdita ina jaina kahAniyo me baDI sarala bhASA apanAI gaI hai / prAnto eva nagaro Adi ke vivaraNa itane sundara prastuta kiye gae haiM ki sAmAnya pAThaka eba zrotA bhI sahaja me hI prabhAvita ho uThanA hai / ina varNano me muhAvaredAra pAlakArika eva lokoktiyo se sampanna bhASA baDI suhAvanI lagatI hai / subodha aura sarasa zailI me likhita ye kathAe~ jana-jIvana kI vizi 1. vidyApati-le0 zrI zivaprasAda siha, pRSTha 110 tathA 113-114

Page #152
134 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana STa dharohara hai / yahA~ kucha varNana prastuta kiye jAte haiM jo bhASA kI dRSTi se paThanIya hai (1) __ isa bharata kSetra me kAzI nAmaka pradeza hai jahA~ hAthiyo ke jhuNDa vicaraNa karate hai aura jahA~ sarovara kamala-puSpo se zobhAyamAna ho rahe haiN| ve cakavo ko dhAraNa karate hue aise pratIta hote haiM jaise rathI apane ratho ke cakko ko dhAraNa kiye ho / isa pradeza kI saritAo me pracura pAnI bahatA rahatA haiM aura isa prakAra ve una zUla va kRpANadhArI vIrAGganAo kA anusaraNa karatI haiM jinake zastro kI dhAre khUba pAnIdAra arthAta painI hai| vahA~ ke saghana vanaupavana sarasa phalo se vyApta hai jinakA zuka cumbana karate haiM, isI prakAra yahA~ kI puranAriyo ke mukha kamala lAvaNyayukta haiM jinase ve apane putro ke mukho kA khUba cumbana karatI hai / vahA~ ke grAmINa kisAna jaba apase kA~sa ke kheto ko jotane ke lie halo ko hAtha me lekare calate haiM taba ve viSNu aura haladhara (balabhadra) ke samAna dikhAI dete hai| __(suadha dahamI kahA-kA hindI anuvAda) jisa avanti deza me puNyavAna puruSo ke gRha dhanAdi lakSmI ke sAtha aura lakSmI pAtradAna ke sAtha eva pAtradAna sanmAnAdi vidhi ke sAtha svAbhAvika sneha prApta karate hai| jisa prakAra kSIra samudra ke taTavartI parvato ke samUha usakI tarago se suzobhita hote hai usI prakAra vahA~ ke gRha bhI krIDA karate hue bachaDo ke samUha se zobhAyamAna hote the| yazastilaka campU kAvya-dvitIya AzvAsa pRSTha 104 __ vaizAkha kRSNa dazamI ko zravaNa nakSatra aura zubha dina me tIna jJAna dhArI putra kA janma huaa| jisa prakAra pUrva dizA pracaNDa tejasvI nirbhaya sUrya ko janma detI hai, usI prakAra mAtA ne mahAn tejasvI tathA sasAra me jJAna kA prakAza karane vAle putra ko janma diyaa| putra ke janma samaya sabhI dizAe~ nirmala ho gayI, AkAza svaccha ho gayA, zItala havA bahane lgii| kuTumba me atyanta harSa huA, ghara-ghara me gIta-nRtya hone lage / manohara bAje bajane lage / svarga me ghaTAnAda, jyotiloka me siMhanAda, vyantaro ke yahA~ dundubhinAda aura bhavanavAsiyo ke yahA~ zakhanAda hone lagA / catunikAya ke devo ke yahA~ pArijAta Adi phUlA kI varSA huI tathA bAje bajane lage / devo ke mukuTo me camaka

Page #153
jaina kathAno kA sAhityika saundarya 135 adhika A gaI unhone avadhi jJAna se jAna liyA ki bhagavAn tIrtha kara kA janma huA hai| (bhagavAna munisuvratanAtha kA janmotsava) rAmacarita (bhaTTAraka somasena viracita rAmapurANa kA hindI anuvAda) pR 73 yaha kahanA ucita hI hai ki sAhitya ke vizada pariveza me jo svAbhAvika varNano eva citraNo kI upalabdhi huI hai, usakA bahuta kucha zreya kathA sAhitya ko diyA jA sakatA hai / bhAvanAtmaka eva kriyAtmaka asAmpradAyikatA jo sAhitya me prApta hai, vaha ina kathAno ke sahAre hI yahA~ akurita, pallavita, eva phalita huI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jaina kathApo kA sAhityika mahatva vividha dRSTikoNo se cirantana tathA sArvabhauma hai /

Page #154
jaina-kathAoM meM samudra-yAtrAe~ purAtana jaina-kathAo ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla me vyApAra aneka asuvidhAno ke hone para bhI unnata thA / vyApArI loga dUra-dUra dezo me jAkara mAla baicate aura kharIrate the| mArga surakSita na the aura cora-DAkU vyApAriyo ko satAte aura unake dhanAdi kA apaharaNa karate rahate the / aneka kaSTo ko jhelate hue bhI vyApAriyo kA dala jala-thala yAtrA karatA thA / tathA vividha devI-devatAo kI arcanA karake apane mantavyo kI pUrti kI kAmanA se apanI vaibhava vRddhi me saphala hotA thaa| ina yAtrAo (sAmudrika yAtrAno) se vidita hotA hai ki vyApArika kendra baDe nagaro me hote the aura kaI dvIpo se ratnAdi kI prApti bhI hotI thI / kuzala vyApArI sAhasa ke sAtha jala yAtrAe~ karate the / dhanopArjana ke sAtha-sAtha anubhava me bhI vRddhi karate the eva kaunasI vastu kahA~ prApta hotI hai aura kauna se padArtha kI mAga kahA~ hai ina saba vyApArika tatvo ko samajha kara apanI zrI vRddhi karake santuSTa hote the / / ina samudra yAtrAo ke upalabdha vivaraNa yaha bhI batAte hai ki vyApArI tUphAno se kisa prakAra jUjhate the, tathA vipatti ke kSaNo me sAmUhika sahayoga aura dRDatA se kisa prakAra agAdha jala-rAzi kI kSubdha dhArA ko zAnta vAtAvaraNa me parivartana kara dete the| jala-devatA kI pUjA jala yAtrA prArambha karate samaya anivArya rUpa se kI jAtI thI aura saphala yAtrA kI khuzI me jala-devatA ko pUrNa AsthA se dhanyavAda bhI diyA jAtA thA /

Page #155
jaina kathAno me samudra yAtrAeM 137 kaI aise dukhada avasaro para java vyApArI loga jahAja ke TakarAne para jala kI dhArA ke sAtha tairate hue dikhAI dete, taba jala-devI-dayAvatI banakara pIDita vyaktiyo kI sahAyatA karatI thI / "jaina sAhitya me yAtrI aura sArthavAha" zIrpaka nivandha me DA0 motIcandra likhate hai-"jaina dharma mukhyata vyApAriyo kA dharma thA aura hai aura isalie jaina dharma-grantho me vyApAriyo kI carcA AnA svAbhAvika hai / vyApAra ke sambandha me jaina sAhitya meM kucha aisI -- paribhASAe~ pAyI hai jinhe jAnanA isIlie Avazyaka hai ki aura dUsare sAhityo me prAya aisI vyAkhyAe~ nahI miltii| ina vyAkhyAno se hame yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki mAla kina kina sthAno me bikatA thA tathA prAcIna bhArata me mAla kharIdane vecane tathA le jAne le Ane ke lie jo bahuta sI maDiyA~ hotI thI uname kauna kauna se pharaka hote the / jaina sAhitya se patA calatA hai ki rAjamArgoM para DAkuo kA vaDA upadrava rahatA thA / vipAka-sUtra me vijaya nAma ke baDe sAhasI DAkU kI kathA hai| cora palliyA prAya bano khAiyo aura vasavAriyo se ghirI aura pAnI vAlI parvatIya ghATiyo me sthita hotI thii| apane dhArmika AcAro kI kaThinatA ke kAraNa jaina sAdhu to samudra yAtrA nahIM karate the, para jaina sArthavAha aura vyApArI vauddho kI taraha samudra yAtrA ke kAyala the / ina yAtrAo kA vaDA sajIva varNana prAcIna jaina-sAhitya me AyA hai / Avazyaka cUNi se patA calatA hai ki dakSiNa-madurA se surASTra ko barAvara jahAja calA karate the| eka jagaha kathA AI hai ki paDu mathurA ke rAjA pahusena kI mati aura sumati nAma kI do kanyAe~ jaba jahAja se surASTra ko calI to rAste me tUphAna AyA aura yAtrI vacane ke lie rudra aura skandha kI prArthanA karane lge| samudra yAkA ke kuzalapUrvaka hone kA vahuta kucha zreya anukUla vAyu ko hotA thA / niryAmako ko samudrI havA ke rUkho kA kuzala jJAna jahAjarAnI ke lie bahuta Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa| havAe~ solaha prakAra kI mAnI jAtI thii| yathA -1 prAcIna vAta (pUrvI) 2 udIcIna vAta (uttarAhaTa) 3. dAkSiNAtya vAta (dakhInAhaTa) 4 uttara paurastya (sAmane se calatI huI utarAhaTa) 5. satvAsuka (zAyada cau pAI) 6 dakSiNa pUrva tu gAra (daksina pUrava se calatI huI joradAra havA ko tu gAra kahate the) 7 Upara dakSiNa vIjAya 8 Upara vIjAya 6 aparottara garjana (pazcimottarI tUphAna) 10 uttara sattvAsuka 11 dakSiNa sattvAmuka 12 pUrva tu gAra 13 dakSiNa

Page #156
jaina - kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana vIjAya 14 pazcima bIjAya 15 pazcimI garjabha 16 uttarI garjabha ( zrI sampUrNAnanda abhinandana grantha se sAbhAra ) " yahA jaina kathAgro ke kucha uddharaNa prastuta kiye jAte hai jinakA sambandha samudra yAtrAtro se hai / inase spaSTa hotA hai ki sAgara yAtrAe~ kitanI kaSTaprada eva viSamatA pUrNa hotI thI sAtha hI sAtha ye yAtrAe~ yaha bhI batAtI hai ki purAtana kAla me bhAratIya vyApAra vaDA samRddha thA tathA isa vizAla zrI sampanna deza me sugandhita dravya, manorama vastra, ratna, khilaune Adi bAhara jAte the aura bahuta se surabhita padArtha, ratna, suvarNa Adi anya dezo se isa deza me the / ina jala-nidhi yAtrAo se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki vartamAna kAla kI bhA~ti prAcIna kAla me bhI vyApArI niyamita kara nahI cukAte the aura corI se mAla kA niryAta bhI karate the / 138 bhaviSyadatta kA bhAI badhudatta vyApAra kara jahAjo me bahuta sA mAla khajAnA lAda kara lauTa rahA thA ki mArga me sabakA sava mAla coro ne lUTa liyA / bhaviSya datta kI kathA puNyAzrava kathAkopa pR, 230 mata karo / yahA~ para nahI / me ge| vahA~ - usake bAda cArudatta ke mAmA ne kahA ki mere pAsa solaha karoDa kA dravya hai so tuma use lekara kAma-kAja calAo aura kucha cintA cArudatta ne kahA vyApAra anya dezo me acchA ho sakatA hai siddhArtha aura cArudatta vyApAra karate hue priyaguvelA nagara cArudatta ke pitA bhAnu kA surendradatta nAma kA mitra rahatA thA / vaha ina dono ko dvIpAntara vyApAra ke lie le gayA / bAraha varSa me asIma dravya kamAyA / usako lekara dono ghara ko lauTa rahe the ki acAnaka samudra me jahAja phaTa gayA / bahate hue lakaDI ke TukaDo kA sahArA pAkara baDI kaThinatA se dono prANa bacAkara kinAre grA lage / 1 (arddha dagdha puruSa aura bakare kI kathA - puNyAzrava kathAkoSa pRSTha 82 ) campA nagarI me mAkandI nAma kA eka baDA vyApArI rahatA thA / usake jina pAlita aura jina rakSita do putra the / mAkandI ke dono putra baDe catura aura baDhe sAhasI the / unhone lavaNa samudra ( hinda mahAsAgara kI gyAraha vAra yAtrA kara bahuta sA dhana sacita kiyA thaa| eka bAra jina pAlita aura jina rakSita ne socA ki eka bAra phira se samudra yAtrA kara dhana mAtA-pitA ke virodha karane para bhI ye dono apanI nAva me bahuta sA mAla bharakara videza ko cala diye / kucha dUra pahuMcane para zrAkAza me vAdala ghira Ae, bAdala garajane lage, vijalI kaDakane lagI aura havA calane lagI / dekhate kamAnA cAhie /

Page #157
jaina kathAno me samudra yAtrAe~ / dekhade nAva uchalane lgii| usake takhte TUTakara girane lage, joDe phaTane lagI, kIle girane lagI, nAva kI rassiyA~ TUTa gayI, patavAre jAtI rahI, dhvajA ke uNDe naSTa ho gae / nAva eka pahADa se TakarAkara cUra-cUra ho gyii| mAla asavAva samudra meM DUba gayA aura vyApAriyo ko apane prANo se hAtha dhonA pddaa| (mAkandI putro kI kahAnI-do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyaoN-le0 DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina ) jJAta dharma kI do kathAmo se bhI prAcIna bhAratIya jahAjarAnI para kAphI prakAza paDatA hai / eka kahAnI me kahA gayA hai ki campA me samudrI vyApArI (nAva vArpaNa yAga) rahate the| ye vyApArI nAva dvArA gariNama (ginatI) dharima (tIla) paricchedya tathA meya (nApa) kI vastua' kA videzo se vyApAra karate the / campA se yaha saba mAla baila-gADiyo para lAda diyA jAtA thaa| yAtrA ke samaya mitro aura ristedAro kA bhoja hotA thA / vyApArI sabase mila milAkara zubha muhUrta me gabhIra nAma ke badara (poyapattaNa) kI yAtrA para nikala paDate the / bandaragAha para pahuca kara gADiyo para se saba taraha kA mAla utAra kara jahAja para caDhAyA jAtA thA aura usake sAtha hI khAne-pIne kA sAmAna jaise cAvala, ATA, tela ghI, gorasa, mIThe pAnI kI doDiyA~, auSadhiyA~ tathA vImAro ke lie pathya bhI lAda diye jAte the| samaya para kAma Ane ke lie puyAla, lakaDI, pahanane ke kapaDe, anna, zastra tathA bahuta sI bastue~ aura kImatI mAla bhI sAya me rakha liye jAte the| jahAja chUTane ke samaya vyApAriyo ke mitra aura sambandhI zubhakAmanAe~ tathA vyApAra me pUrA phAyadA karake kuzala pUrvaka lauTa Ane kI hArdika icchA prakaTa karate the| vyApArI samudra aura vAyu kI puSpa aura gadha dravya se pUjA karane ke bAda mastUlo para patAkAe~ caDhA dete the jahAja chUTane ke pahale ve rAjAjJA bhI le lete the / magala vAdyo kI tumula dhvani ke bIca vyApArI jahAja para savAra hote the|" (jaina sAhitya meM yAtrI aura sArthavAha' zIrSaka nivandha se sAbhAra) eka dUsarI kahAnI me kahA gayA hai ki sAmUhika vipattiyo ke samaya vyApArI snAnAdi karake indra aura skanda kI pUjA kiyA karate the| aisI saikaDo jaina-kathAe~ hai jiname samudra-yAtrAno ke baDe rocaka varNana prastuta kie gae hai| kaI kathAno me pota nirmANa kalA kA bhI ullekha huA hai / ina kahAniyo se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa deza meM videzo ke dAsa dAsiyo kI acchI khapata thI tathA yahA~ ke hAthI dAMto kI dUrastha dezo me acchI mAga thI / katipaya kathAe~ batAtI hai ki isa deza me bAhara se Ae

Page #158
140 jaina kathAno me sAskRtika adhyayana sundara eva valiSTa azvo kI ora yahA~ rAjA-mahArAjAo kA adhika AkarSaNa thaa| kucha aisI bhI prAkRta eva apabhra za jaina-kathAe~ upalabdha hotI hai jinase vidita hotA hai ki jahAjo dvArA bheje gae eva lAe gae mAla kI vandaragAho para pUrI jAca hotI thI aura kara kI vasUlI kaThoratA se kI jAtI thii| jo mAla rAjAjJA ke abhAva me idhara-udhara bhejA jAtA thA, jAca karane para vaha jabta kara liyA jAtA thA eva sambandhita vyApArI ko niyayAnusAra daDita bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| ina sAmUhika yAtrAo ne hamArI saskRti eva sabhyatA ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA thaa| vAhya dezo ke samparka se hamArI vicAra-dhArA paripuSTa huI thI eva sakucita mAnyatApro me vikAsa kI bhAvanAe~ akurita huI thii| isa prakAra vyApArika abhivRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha ina sAgara-yAtrAyo ke mAdhyama se hamArI sAskRtika garimA bhI dUrastha dezo me pratiSThita huI /

Page #159

Page #160
142 jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana haiN| yaha rUpa kI pyAsa kabhI miTatI hI nahI hai / kavivara vihArI ke zabdo me chavi kA chAka aura sava nazo se baDA viSama hotA hai ura na Tarai, nIda na parai, harai na kAla-vipAku chinaku chAki uchakai na phiri, kharau viSamu chavi-chAku / (bihArI-ratnAkara pR 318) 'jigara' sAhava isa naze kI tArIpha karate hue kahate haiyaha nazA bhI kyA nazA hai, kahate hai jise husna / jaba dekhie kucha nIda sI, A~kho me bharI hai| (husna saundarya) kavi prasAda ne saundarya ko cetanA kA ujvala varadAna kahA haiujvala varadAna cetanA kA, saundarya jise saba kahate haiN| jisame ananta abhilASA ke, sapane saba jagate rahate hai| (kAmAyanI) "saundarya kI paribhASA ke sambandha me vibhinna mata hai / gArTena saundaryazAstra ke janaka mAne jAte hai| unake matAnusAra tArkika jJAna kA lakSya satya hai aura rAgAtmaka jJAna kA lakSya saundarya hai| saljara, mauli Adi ke mata gArTana ke mata ke pratikUla haiN| ve kalA kA lakSya saundarya nahI para ziva mAnate haiM aura isalie ve usI vastu me saundarya mAnane hai jo ziva-samanvita ho / unake matAnusAra mAnava-jIvana kA lakSya samAja kalyANa hai, jisakI prApti naitika bhAvanAo ke saskAra se hI sabhava hai| saundarya isI bhAvanA ko jAgrata aura saskRta karane kA kArya karatA hai| inakA dRSTikoNa sundara zarIra me sundara prAtmA ke siddhAnta kA samarthaka hai| bakelamena samasta kalA kA vidhAna aura lakSya kevala saundarya ko mAnate aura saundarya ko rUpa saundarya vicAra saundarya tathA abhivyakti saundarya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karate hai / jarmana vidvAno ne saundarya ko eka aisI vastu samajhA hai jo nirvikalpa rUpa se sthita hai aura nyUnAdhika pramANa se ziva yukta hai / 'homa' saundarya use mAnate hai jo sukhada ho / .

Page #161
jaina kathAo me saundarya-bodha 143 ataH saundarya kI paribhApA ruci ke adhIna hai| phreMca vidvAno kA bhI yahI mata hai| kANTa ke matAnumAra saundarya vaha hai jo binA kisI tarka yA vyAvahArika lAbha ke sadaiva nizcita rUpa se yAnanda pradAna karatA hai| yagamaina vastuo ke indriyAtIta guNa ko saundarya samajhate hai / tena ke anusAra saundarya kisI mahatvapUrNa vicAra ke anivArya lakSaNa kA pUrNatama prakAzana bAhya saundarya aura Antarika saundarya isa prakAra do rUpoM meM vibhAjita saundarya ke kucha aAvazyaka guNa bhI mAne gae hai| kAvya me jisa samanvita saundarya kI sRSTi hotI hai usake chaH aAvazyaka guNa Adhunika saundarya zAstra me mAne gae hai| ve hai (1) samatulyatA (2) sagati yA samyakatA (3) tAla (4) santulana (5) anupAta aura (6) ektaa|' ___ satata sukha kA janaka saundarya to sadya va pratikSaraNa varddhamAna hai vikAzazIla hai, yadi vaha aisA nahI hai to use hama saundarya nahI kaha sakate hai| saskRta ke mahAkavi mAgha ne bhI isa tathya ko isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA haikSaNe kSaNe yannavatAmupaiti tadaiva rUpa ramaNIyatAyA / ' pala-pala me vikAsonmukha saundarya kI bhAvanA ko rItikAla ke suprasiddha mahAkavi vihArI ne eka ayurita-yauvanA nAyikA kI kSaNa-kSaNa me baDhatI huI zarIra kAti kI sakhI dvArA prazasA karAkara isa prakAra abhivya jita kiyA hai - likhana vaiThi jAkI sabI, gahi gahi garaba garUra / bhae na kete jagata ke catura citere kUra (vihArI ratnAkara 347) bhalA mai becArI usakI pratikSaNa baDhatI huI zobhA kA varNana kyA kara sakatI hai, jisakA yathArtha citra likhane ke nimitta ghamaDa tathA abhimAna se bhara-bhara kara baiThe jagata ke kitane catura citere asaphala hue hai| bAhya saundarya citraNa me kaviyo eva kalAkAro ne alakArAdi ko bhI apanAyA hai| katipaya saundarya premI kAvyakAro ne khUbasUratI ke lie bhUSaNo ko anAvazyaka batAyA hai- svaya sundaratA ke ananya pramI bihArI ne sone ke gahano ko darpaNa ke morace eva pAvadAna ke rUpa meM kahA hai 1. sAhityika nivandha le0 DaoN0 kRSNalAla (sUrasAhitya me saundarya bhAvanA-pRSTha 128) 2. sAhitya kA vizlepaNa-le0 DaoN0 vAsudeva nandana prasAda pRSTha 71

Page #162
144 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana pahiri na bhUpana kanaka ke, kahi prAvata ihi heta / darapana ke se morace, deta dikhAI deta / ( bi ratnAkara 235 ) mAnahu vidhi tana graccha chabi, svaccha rAkhine kAja haga-parA-pochana kauM kare, bhUSana pAyadAja / ( bi ratnAkara 413 ) lekina kezavadAsa, deva Adi kucha aise bhI rasika kavi hai jinhe analakRta kAminI kA saundarya salaunA nahI lagatA hai / yadi arthAkAravihInA sarasvatI inhe vidhavA ke samAna grasundara lagatI hai (arthAkAra rahitA vidhavaiva sarasvatI) to phira bhUSaNo se rahita vanitA kA ina kAvyakAro kI dRSTi me zobhanA pratIta honA svAbhAvika hI hai jadapi sujAti sulacchanI, suvarana sarasa suvRtta / bhUSana vinu na virAjaI, kavitA kAmini sukhada pada, suvarana sarasa sujAti / alakAra pahire adhika, adbhuta rUpa lakhAti (deva) kavitA banitA mitta | ( kezavadAsa ) 1 bAhya sAja-sajjA saundarya ke nikhAra me kucha zo taka avazya sahAyaka banatI hai / gore raMga para zyAma sADI AkarSaka lagatI hI hai / isI prakAra nIla paridhAna bhI to gorI garvIlI kAmini ke saundarya me abhivRddhi karatA hI hai / nArI saundarya citraNa meM siddhahasta kavivara prasAda ne apane prasiddha mahAkAvya kAmAyanI me zraddhA kI sundaratA kA vaDA hI AkarSaka citraNa kiyA hai, aura usame bAhya sAja-sajjA ko bhI apanAyA hai nIla paridhAna bIca sukumAra, khula rahA mRdula adhakhulA aga / khilA ho jyo bijalI kA phUla, megha bana bIca gulAbI raMga / khUbasUratI ko adhika vAcAla banAne me hAva-bhAva, gradA, nAjo najAkata yAdi kA bhI ullekhya sahayoga mAnA gayA hai / prAya samasta kaviyo eva

Page #163
1 jaina kathAo me saundarya-bodha kalAkAro ne sondarya citraNa me kAminI se akita kiyA hai| urdU ke zAyaro kI nahI jA sakatI hai dariyAe-husna aura bhI do hAtha baDha gayA / gAI usane naze me lI jaba uThA ke hAtha / nAsira 145 ke hAva-bhAvo ko adhika manoyoga zAyarI to isa sadarbha me bhulAI a~gar3AI bhI vaha lene na pAye the uThA ke hAtha | dekhA jo mujhako chor3a die muskarA ke hAtha / nijAma rAmapurI, muhabbata hara kisI ke dila me karaletI haiM ghara hokara, najara kabhI - ticha najara kabhI-sIdhI apanA / hokara | (ajJAta) jaina kathAo me saundarya kA citraNa unake rUpo me hugrA hai / bAhya sondarya ko AkarSaka rIti se citrita karate hue ina jaina kathAkAro ne bhAva saundarya kA bhI vaDI tatparatA se abhivyajita kiyA hai / vAhya saundarya eva anta: saundarya eka dUsare ke pUraka hai / rUpa saundarya ( bAhya saundarya ) ko kita karate hue ina jaina kathAkAro ne upamA, udAharaNa, rUpaka, dRSTAnta, utpra ekSA Adi alakAro ko paryApta mAtrA me upayoga kiyA hai / isa rUpa - citraraNa me sundaratA kA pArthiva rUpa vizeSata: prasphuTita huA hai / isa sambandha me bahumUlya vezabhUSA kI bhI kahAnIkAro ne carcA kI hai / yahA~ aga-pratyago ke lAlitya kI tIvratama abhivyakti huI hai / bhASA kI mRdulatA ke sAtha-sAtha upamAoM kI manoramatA eva kalpanAo kI abhinava aura ramya uDAna dRSTavya hai / zrAyu ke parivartana se sundaratA me jo nUtana unmeSa parilakSita hotA hai, use bhI ina kathAkAro ne baDI sajagatA aura tallInatA se citrita kiyA hai / isa saundaryAbhivyakti me paramapUjya tIrthaMkara, tIrthakaro kI mahAbhAgya zAlinI jananI, sAdhvI, nRpati, mahiSI, kAminI, navoDhA, prakurita yauvanA, premI premikA Adi sabako samucita gaurava prApta huA hai / cetana saundarya ke sAtha ina kathAo me acetana sundaratA kI bhI yathAvasara abhivyajanA huI hai / yaha cetanA-vihIna saundarya baDA grAkarSaka hotA hai / sthApatya kalA kI khUbasUratI se devatA bhI to AkRSTa hote hai | vizAla jinAlayo ke darzanArtha svargaloka ke nivAsI surAdi sadaiva lAlAyita rahA karate haiM / praNamya jina pratimAyo kA bhAva-saundarya eva bAhya saundarya kitanA prabhAvotpAdaka hotA hai, ise kalA

Page #164
146 jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana vid eva bhakta bhalI bhAMti jAnate hai| yahA~ saundarya viSayaka kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAne hai| bhagavAna RSamadeva ke saundarya kA varNana _ 'bhagavAna ke chatrAkAra mastaka para kAle-kAle ghU gharavAle keza rUpAcala kI zikhara para jaDI huI nIlamaNiyo kI zobhA dhAraNa karate the| unake lalATa nAka, kamala ke nAla daNDo ke samAna labAyamAna kAna caDhe hue dhanuSa ke samAna dono bhoye itane kamanIya the ki unakA varNana karanA bhI kaThina hai| unake dono netra aura zrotra kamala dala ke samAna sundara the| daoNta atizaya nirmala motI sarIkhe the atyanta camakIle sama aura choTe-choTe the eva sapheda kunda puSpa kI zobhA dhAraNa karate the|' (harivaza purANa pRSTha 126) mahArAnI marudevI kI sundaratA kA citraNa rAnI marudevI sAkSAta samudra kI lahara jAna paDatI thI, kyoki samudra kI lahara me jisa prakAra zakha, mUge, aura muktA phala hote haiM usI prakAra yahA~ para bhI zakha ke samAna gola grIvA thI, adhara pallava manohara mUge ora dA~ta daidIpyamAna muktAphala the| unake vacana kokilA ke zabda ke samAna miSTa jAna paDate the| unake dono netra zveta-zyAma aura rakta tIna varNa vAle kamala ke samAna sundara the (harivaza purANa pRSTha 111-112) sAdhvI kA saundarya citraNa puSpo ke samAna komala bhujArUpI latAo se maDita vaha kanyA jo bhUSaNa aura mAlA Adi pahane thI, usane saba utAra diye aura apane hAtha kI u galiyo se manohara kezo ko ukhADatI huI aisI jAna paDane lagI mAno hRdaya se bhayakara zalya samUha ko ukhADa rahI hai / usake jaghana vakSa sthala, stana, udara aura zarIra eka zveta vastra se Dhake the isalie usa samaya vaha zveta bAlu se yukta nirmala jala se bharI hui zarada Rtu kI nadI sarIkhI jAna paDatI thI / (harivaza purANa pRSTha 460) eka kAminI ko sundaratA kA akana striyo ke madhya me eka atizaya manohara sAkSAt rati ke samAna strI baiThI thii| acAnaka hI usa para rAjA kI dRSTi paDa gaI / usakA mukha candramA

Page #165
jaina kathAno me saundarya-bodha 147 ke samAna thA / netra kamala ke samAna the| dono poSTha biMbAphala sarIkhe aura kaTha zakha tulya thA / usake stana cakravAko kI upamA ko dhAraNa karate the| kaTibhAga atizaya kRza thA, nAbhi atyanta gaharI thii| dono jaghAeM sughaTita thii| nitamba kudarU phala se tulanA karate the| usake dono caraNa vizAla uru sundara jaghA eva pANiyo se atizaya zobhAyamAna the| (harivaza purANa pRSTha 172) eka vezyA ke cacala saundarya ko abhivyakti / usake prakampita karNa yugala mAno kAmadeva ke hiMDole the / cacala umiyo se ApUrita nayana kacole, sundara vipaile phUla kI taraha praphullita kapola vAli, zakha kI taraha suDaula, sucikkaraNa nirmala kaTha, usake uroja zRgAra ke ke stavaka the / mAno puSpadhanvA kAmadeva ne vizva vijaya ke lie amRta kumbho kI sthApanA kI thii| nava yauvana se viha~satI huI deha vAlI, prathama prama se ullasita ramaNI apane sukumAra caraNo ke azikSita pAyala kI runajhuna se dizAmo ko caitanya karatI huI muni ke pAsa phucii| vezyA ne apane hAva bhAva se muni ko vazIbhUta karane kA bahuta prayatna kiyA kintu muni kA hRdaya usa tapta lohe kI taraha thA jo usakI bAta se vidha na skaa| (muni sthUlabhadra kI kathA) surdazanA nAma kI pAlakI kI sundaratA kA ullekha usa samaya vaha sudarzanA AkAza aura uttama strI ke samAna jAna paDatI thI / kyoki jisa prakAra AkAza atizaya camakIle tArAno aura nakSatro kI zobhA se daidIpyamAna rahatA hai aura uttama strI tArAo ke samAna camakIle ratno kI prabhA se daidIpyamAna rahatI hai usI prakAra pAlakI bhI cautarphI jaDe hue tAro ke samAna camakIle ralo se dIpta thii| AkAza cacala cAmaro ke samUha ke samAna hasa-paktiyo se daidIpyamAna eva ujvala rahatA hai aura strI cAmaro ke samUha tathA hasa pakti ke samAna uttama vastro se ujjvala rahatI hai, pAlakI bhI hasa pakti ke samAna cacala camara aura uttama vastra se manohara thI / AkAza sUrya maDala ke teja se samasta dizAmo ko prakAzita karane vAlA hotA hai, aura strI darpaNa ke samAna akhaDa dIpti se yukta mukha vAlI hotI hai, usI prakAra pAlakI bhI cAro ora lage hue aneka maNimayI darpaNo ke prakAza se samasta dizAmro ko prakAzamAna karatI thii| Adi-Adi / (harivaza purANa pRSTha 130)

Page #166
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana isI prakAra kaI jaina-kathAo me pazu pakSiyo, sara-saritA, devAlayo, prAsAda Adi kI sundaratA kA grAkarSaka citraNa kiyA gayA hai / 148 isa saundarya-citraNa ke sadarbha me yaha likhanA aprAsa gika na hogA ki sundaratA ko mukharita karane vAle ye vivaraNa eka prAcIna paramparA para hI vizeSata AdhArita hai / ve hI upamAnAdi yahA~ para carcita hai jo prAcIna kathA kAvyo me apanAe gae haiM / yatra-tatra kucha navIna upamAno eva kalpanA - prasUta maulika udabhAvanA kI abhivyakti avazya huI hai jisase jaina - kathAkAro kA sAskRtika vaiziSTya abhivyajita hotA hai / jaina pratimAo ke bAhya saundarya kI bhUmikA zrAntarika suSamA ko dekhakara aneka kalAvida eva vidvAna prabhAvita hue haiM aura unhone muktakaTha se zilpI kI eva usakI chainI kI bhUri-bhUri prazamA kI hai - " maisUra rAjya ke 'hAsana' jilA me zravaraNa bela golA, nirvAraNa bhUmi na hote hue bhI bhagavAna gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI 60 phITa UcI bhavya tathA vizAla mUrti ke kAraNa atizaya prabhAvaka tathA AkarSaka tIrthasthala mAnA jAtA hai| darzaka jaba bhagavAna gommaTezvara kI vizAla manojJa mUrti ke samakSa pahu~ca digambara zAnta jina mudrA kA darzana karatA hai taba vaha cakita ho socatA hai / maiM dukha dAvAnala se bacakara kisa mahAn zAnti sthala me A gayA hU / vahA~ AtmA prabhu kI mudrA se binA vANI kA avalabana le monopadeza grahaNa karatA hai / maimUra rAjya ke purAtatva vibhAga ke DAyarekTara DA0 kRSNA ema e pI eca DI likhate haiM zilpI ne jaina dharma ke sampUrNa tyAga kI bhAvanA apanI chenI se isa mUrti ke aga aga me pUrNatayA bharadI hai / mUrti kI nagnatA jainadharma ke sarvasva tyAga kI bhAvanA kA pratIka hai / ekadama sIdhe aura unnata mastaka yukta pratimA kA aga vinyAsa Atma-nigraha ko sUcita karatA hai / hoTho kI dayAmayI mudrA se svAnubhUta Ananda aura dukhI duniyA ke sAtha sahAnubhUti kI bhAvanA vyakta hotI hai / 1 jisa carama saundarya kI abhivyajanA jina mUrtiyo me huI hai usI parama punIta sundaratA kI abhivyakti hame jaina citrakalA me prApta hotI hai / jaina matAnusAra vahI kalA saundarya zreSTha hai jo hitakara ho aura mAnava ke vicAro ko udAtta banA sake / jinAlayo kI bhitti para citrita citro me jo abhi 1 jaina zAsana - le0 zrI sumera cadra divAkara pRSTha 255 - 56

Page #167
jaina kathA me saundarya-bodha 14e vyajita manoramatA hai usame na unmAda hai aura na bhautika vilAsitA kI madabharI rekhAye hai / pazu-pakSiyo, nartakiyo eva ghaTanA vizeSa se sambaddha mAnavoM kI bhI jo prakRtiyA~ yahA vividha raMgo me citrita huI hai unakA saundarya jaina saMskRti kI vizeSatA se prabhAvita hai / aisI citrakalA kI kaI kathAo me carcA huI hai / jaina citrakalA ke sambandha meM citrakalA ke mAnya vidvAna zrI ena sI. mehatA ne jo udgAra prakaTa kiye hai ve usa para prakAza DAlane ke lie paryApta hoge / ve likhate hai - jaina citro me eka prakAra kI nirmalatA, sphUrti thora gativega hai, jisase DaoN0 Ananda kumAra svAmI jaise rasika vidvAna mugdha ho jAte hai / ina citro kI paramparA zrajatA, ailorA aura sitannAvArUla ke bhitti citro kI hai / samakAlIna sabhyatA ke adhyayana ke lie ina citroM se bahuta kucha jJAna - vRddhi hotI hai| khAsakara pozAka, sAmAnya upayoga me Ane vAlI cIje Adi ke sambandha me aneka bAte jJAta hotI hai / " isa prakAra pArthiva saundarya ko vividha rUpo me citrita kara ina kathAkAro ne isakI nissAratA ko bhI pramANita kiyA tathA mAnava ko AdhyAtmika sukha saundarya kI prApti ke lie mokSa mArga kI ora unmukha banAyA / usake lie viziSTa kathAo ke antargata bAraha bhAvanAo kI sAmAnya carcA kI gaI evaM azuci anuprekSA ke mAdhyama se zArIrika mamatA ko parityAjya vanAyA / zuci anuprakSA kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai-- he Atman 1 isa zarIra ko sugandhita karane ke uddezya se isa para jo bhI kapUra, aguru, candana, va puSpa vagairaha zratyanta sundara va sugandhita vastu sthApita kI jAtI hai vahI vastu isake samvandha se atyanta apavitra ho jAtI hai / isalie gaura va zyAma Adi zArIrika varNoM se ThagAI gaI hai buddhi jisakI aisA tU viSThA chidro ke badhanarUpa aura svabhAva se naSTa hone vAle aise zarIra ko kisa prayojana se vAra vAra puSTa karatA hai | he Atman / jo terA aisA keza pAza, jisakI kAnti kAmadeva rUpa rAjA ke camara sarIkhI zyAma varNa thI aura jo jIvita avasthA me kamala sarIkhe komala karo vAlI kamanIya kAminiyo dvArA camelI va gulAba Adi sucita puppo ke sugandhita tela Adi se terA sanmAna karane vAle komala kara kamalo pUrvaka vibhUSita kiyA jAne ke phalasvarUpa zobhAyamAna ho rahA thA, vahI keza- pAza tere kAla kalavita ho jAne para smazAna bhUmi para parvata sambandhI 1. jaina dharma - le0 pa0 kailAza caMdra jI zAstrI pRSTha 276

Page #168
jaina kathAoM kA sAskRtika adhyayana kRSNa kAkI ke gale me prApta hone vAlA huaa| he jIva | daivayoga se yadi rA-bhItarI zarIra isa zarIra se bAhara nikala Ave to usake anubhava karane kI bAta to dUra rahe parantu yadi tU kevala kautUhala mAtra se use dekhane kA bhI utsAha karane lage taba kahI tujhe isa zarIra me sanmukha hokara rAga-buddhi karanI cAhie anyathA nahI / isalie heya va upAdeya ke viveka se vibhUSita tatvajJAnI puruSa yamarAja kI krIDA karane kI ora apanI buddhi ko prApta na karate hue (mRtyu hone ke pUrva) svAbhAvika malina isa zarIra se koI aisA anirvacanIya mokSa phala prApta kare jisase ki ananta sukha rUpa phala kI vibhUti utpanna hotA hai| (yazastilaka campU dvitIya AzvAsa pRSTha 148) jaina-kAvya eva kathA sAhitya kI carama upalabdhi adhyAtmavAda kI paripuSTi hI hai / phalata rUpa-saundarya kI AkarSaka Asakti me salagna mAnava ko prabuddha karake jaina kathAkAro ne eka ora sasAra kI kSaNabhaguratA ko abhivyajita kiyA aura dUsarI ora zRAgArika sAhitya ke ni satba ko bhI sazakta zabdo me isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA kacana kumbhana kI upamA, kahadeta urojana ko kavi vAre / Upara zyAma vilokatu ve mani, nIlama kI DhakanI la~ki chAre / - yo sata baina kahai na kupaDita, ye juga AmiSa piMDa ughAre / sAdhana jhAra daI muha chAra, bhae iha heta kidho kuca kAre / jainazataka 65 mAta pitA raja vIraja so, upajI saba sAta kudhAta bharI hai| . mAkhina ke para mAphika bAhara, cAma ke beThana beDha dharI hai / nAhiM to Aya lage aba hI vaka, bAyasa jIva bace na gharI hai / deha dazA yahi dIkhata bhrAta, ghinAta nahI kina buddhi harI hai /

Page #169
na kathAno me saundarya-bodha e vidhi tuma te bhUli bhaI, samajhe na kahA~ kasari banAI / dIna kuragani ke tana me, tRNa danta dharai karunA kimi kAI / kyoM na karI tina jIbhana je rasa, kAvya kare para ko dukhadAI / sAdhu anugraha durjana daDa, doU sadhate bisarI caturAI / jaina zanaka 66

Page #170
jaina kathAoM meM nyAya vyavasthA ina jaina kathAo me prAcIna narezo kI nyAya vyavasthA ke aneka Adarza upasthita kiye gae hai / hamane isa tathya ko kaI bAra svIkAra kiyA hai ki hamArA purAtana yuga prazasta thA eva narapatiyo ne jisa AtmIyatA se prajA kI surakSA kI hai baha Aja bhI vareNya hai / bhale hI ina kahAniyo me citrita rAjavyavasthA eka tatrAtmaka rahI hai phira bhI loka tatrAtmaka zAsana kI kabhI bhI upekSA nahI huI hai / narapatiyo ne sadaiva prajA ko apanI putrI ke samAna mAnA aura usake sukha-du kha ko apanA hI samajhA / ve apane sarvasva ko svAhA karake janatA ko sukhI banAte the aura kaThina samaya me jana-sevaka ke rUpa me sevA karane ke lie tatpara ho jAte the / ina narezo kI nyAya-vyavasthA sarva sulabha thI aura pIDita kabhI bhI rAja darabAra me upasthita hokara apanI kathA sunA sakatA thaa| aparAdhiyo kI khoja ke lie AvazyakatA par3ane para rAjA kabhI bhikSuka banakara to kabhI sAmAnya vyaktitva ko apanAkara idhara-udhara bhaTakane lagatA thA eva rAjakIya adhikAriyo ko avyavasthA hone para daNDa bhoganA paDatA thaa| aparAdhiyo me kisI prakAra kA jAti-gata athavA vaza-gata vibheda mAnya na thaa| rAja parivAra ke sadasyo ko bhI rAjya sabhA me upasthita hokara daNDa svIkAra karanA paDatA thaa| kaI kathAe~ aisI prApta haiM jo batAtI hai ki rAjakumAro ko bhI aparAdhI siddha hone para nizcita vyavasthAnusAra daDita kiyA jAtA thA aura kisI bhI

Page #171
jaina kathAyoM meM nyAya vyavasthA 153 prakAra kI suvidhA se ve lAbhAnvita nahI ho pAte the / kArAgAro me aise graparAdhI rAjakumAra sAdhAraNa kaidiyo ke samAna rakhe jAte the aura unhe kaI prakAra se vahA bhI daDita honA paDatA thA / "nyAya-vyavasthA calAne ke lie nyAyAdhIza kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / prAcIna jaina-grantho me nyAyAdhIza ke lie kAraNika athavA rUpayakSa ( pAli me rUpadakSa ) zabda kA prayona hugrA hai / corI, DakaitI, paradArA gamana, hatyA aura rAjA kI yAtrA kA ullaghana Adi aparAdha karane vAlo ko rAjakula ( rAula ) me upasthita kiyA jAtA thA / koI mukaddamA (vyavahAra) lekara nyAyalaya me jAtA, to usase tIna bAra vahI bAta pUchI jAtI, yadi vaha tIno vAra eka hI jaisA uttara detA to usakI saccI bAta mAna lI jAlI thI / dIghanikAya kI aTTha kathA ( 2, pR0 516 ) me vaizAlI kI nyAya vyavasthA kA ullekha hai / jaba vaizAlI ke zAsaka vajjiyo ke pAsa aparAdhI ko upasthita kiyA jAtA, taba sabase pahale use vinizcaya gramAtya ke pAsa bhejA jAtA / yadi vaha nirdoSa hotA to use choDa diyA jAtA. nahI to vyAvahArika ke pAsa bhejA jAtA / vyAvahArika use sUtradhAra ke pAsa, sUtradhAra kula ke pAsa, aSTakula senApati ke pAsa, senApati uparAjA ke pAsa, uparAjA use rAjA ke pAsa bheja detA / tatpazcAt praveNI pustaka ke prAvAra para usake lie daNDa kI vyavasthA kI jAtI / nyAya vyavasthA ke kaThora niyama rahate hue bhI nyAya kartA rAjA vaDhe nirakuza hote aura unake nirNaya nirdoSa na hote / sAdhAraNa sA aparAdha ho jAne para bhI aparAdhI ko kaThora se kaThora daNDa diyA jAtA thA / aneka bAra to niraparAdhiyoM ko daNDa diyA jAtA aura parAcI chTa jAte the / jAtaka ( 4, pR0 28 ) me kisI niraparAdha sanyAsI mI mUlI para laTakAne kA ullekha milatA hai / mRcchakaTika ke cArudatta ko bhI fant near daNDa diyA gayA thA / " 1 1 corI karane para bhayakara daNDa diyA jAtA thA / rAjA coro ko done jI goTe ke kumbha me baMda kara dete, unake hAtha kaTavA dete yora zUlI para para denA to sAdhAraNa bAta thii| rAjakarmacArI coro ko vastrayugala pahnAne, meMnera ke puSpa kI mAlA DAlate paura unake zArIra ko tela se 1. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya namAja, le0 DaoN0 jagadIzacanda jaina pRSTha 64-55

Page #172
jaina kathAno kA sAskRtika adhyayana siktakara usa para bhasma lagAte / phira unhe nagara ke caurAho para ghumAyA jAtA, ghUso, lAto, DaNDo aura koDo se pITA jAtA, unake oTha, nAka, aura kAna kATa lie jAte the, rakta se lipta mAsa ko unake muha me DAlA jAtA aura phira khaNDa-paraha se aparAdho kI ghoSaNA kI jAtI / isake sivAya lohe yA lakaDI me aparAdhiyo ke hAtha paira bA~dha diye jAte the| khoDa me paira bA~dha kara tAlA lagA diyA jaataa| hAtha, paira jIbha sira gale kI ghaNTI athavA udara ko chinna-bhinna kara diyA jAtA, kalejA, A~kha, daoNta aura aNDakoSa Adi marma sthAno ko khIcakara nikAla liyA jaataa| zarIra ke choTe-choTe TukaDe kara diye jAte, rassI me bA~dha kara gaDDhe me ora hAtha bA~dhakara vRkSa kI zAkhA me laTakA dete the / striyA~ bhI daNDa kI bhAgI hotI thI, yadyapi garbhavatI striyo ko kSamA kara diyA jaataa| coro kI bhA~ti durAcAriyo ko bhI ziromu Dana, tarjana, tADana, liMgacchedana, nirvAsana, aura mRtyu Adi daNDa diye jAte the| corI aura vyabhicAra kI hatyA bhI mahAn aparAdha ginA jAtA thaa| hatyA karane vAle arthadiNDa ora mRtyudaNDa ke bhAgI hote ye / ' ___ "prAdi purANa svaya eka kathAgrantha hai / iname eka ora zAsana-praNAlI kA vizad vivaraNa diyA gayA hai tathA dUsarI ora zAsana-paddhati ko kAryAnvita karane ke hetu daNDa-vyavasthA kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / daNDAdhikArI kI usa sadarbha me upayogitA batAte hue granthakAra ne usako yogyatApro kI bhI carcA kI hai| "daNDAdhikArI kA dUsarA nAma dharmAdhikArI bhI hai| AdipurANa me usako adhikRta yA adhikArI zabda dvArA abhihita kiyA gayA hai / daNDAdhikArI rASTra me nyAya pUrvaka pratyeka kArya kA nirNaya karatA aura usa nirNaya ke anusAra logo ko calane ke lie bAdhya karatA thaa| prazAsana sambandhI kArya kI dekha rekha isI ke dvArA sampanna hotI thI / yaha pakSapAta rahita nyAya karatA thaa| rAga-dveSa zUnya, lobha-moha Adi durguNo se rahita hotA thaa| kisI bhI prakAra ke pralobhana ise apane kartavya-patha se vicalita nahI kara sakate the| nyAya karane me yaha apane sahayogiyo se bhI salAha letA thaa| aparAdho kI chAnabIna karanA aura niSpakSa rUpa se aparAdha kA daNDa dene kI ghoSaNA daNDAdhikArI kA kArya thA / " 1 2 jainAgama sAhitya me bhAratIya samAja-le DaoN0 jaina pRSTha 81-83 / AdipurANa me pratipAdita bhArata-le0 DaoN0 nemicandra jaina pRSTha 354 /

Page #173
155 jana kathAno me nyAya vyavasthA samAja surakSita rahe eva use duSTa purupa pIDita na kara sake, isake lie rAjA svaya sajaga rahatA thA aura nizA me bhramaNa kara prajA ko prAtakita hone se bacAtA thaa| kaI kathAeM aisI bhI upalabdha hotI hai jo yaha pramANita karatI hai ki rAnI rAjadarabAra me nRpati ke sAtha siMhAsana para baiThakara nyAya karane me paryApta sahAyatA detI thI aura kabhI-kabhI aparAdha kI khoja ke lie vibhinna sAdhanoM ko apanAyA karatI thii| pacAyato ke mAdhyama se bhI nyAya kiyA jAtA thA eva grAma kA mukhiyA aura pacAdi milakara pIDito eva santapto kI rakSArtha aparAdhiyo ko daNDita kara Adarza nyAya ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sthApita karate the| "zAsana-vyavasthA ke lie daNDa paramAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yadi aparAdhI ko daNDa na diyA jAya to aparAdho kI saMkhyA nirantara baDhatI jaaygii| eva rASTra kI rakSA burAiyo se na ho skegii| aparAdhI ko daNDa dekara zAsana vyavasthA ko caritArtha kiyA jAtA hai| bhogabhUmi ke vAda hA, mA, vika ke rUpa me daNDa vyavasthA pracalita thI, para jaise-jaise aparAdha karane kI pravRtti baDhatI gayI vaise-vaise-daNDa vyavasthA bhI uttarottara kaDI hotI gayI / AdipurANa dvArA bhArata me tIna prakAra ke daNDa pracalita the jo aparAdha ke anumAra diye jAte the (1) arthaharaNa dnndd| (2) zArIrika kleza rUpa daNDa / (3) prANaharaNa rUpa daNDa, zAsana tatra ko suvyavasthita karane ke lie pulisa kA bhI pravadha thA / pulisa ke variSTha adhikArI ko talavara kahA gayA hai, cora, Dakaita, eva isI prAtAra ke anya aparAdhiyo ko pakar3ane ke lie prArakSI niyukta rahate the / talavara kA paryAyavAcI ArakSaNa bhI pAyA hai| pulisa aparAdhI ko pakaDa pAra nimnalikhita cAra prakAra ke daNDa detI thii| (1) mRttikA bhkssrnn| (2) viSTA bhkssnn| (3) mallI dvArA mukke| (4) sarvasva hrnn| pralayonI ko bhayAvaha daNDa diye jAte the|" 1 1 AdipurANa meM pratipAdina bhArata pRSTha 361-62

Page #174
jaina kathAno kA sAMskRtika adhyayana ' 'yahA~ nyAya-vyavasthA se sambaddha kRcha kathAo ke viziSTa azo kA --ullekha udAharaNo ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai jo ukta kathana kI paripuSTi me paryApta hai| dharmAdhikAriyo ne Apasa meM salAha kara kahA-'mahArAja, zrIbhUti purohita kA aparAdha baDA bhArI hai / isake lie hama tIna prakAra kI sajAye niyata karate hai| uname se phira jise yaha pasanda kare, svIkAra kare / yA to isakA sarvasva haraNa kara liyA jAkara ise deza bAhara kara diyA jAya, yA pahalavAno kI battIsa mukkiyA~ isa para par3e yA tIna thAlI me bhare hue gobara ko yaha khA jAya / zrIbhUti se sajA pasanda karane ko kahA gyaa| pahale usane gobara khAnA cAhA para khAyA nahI gyaa| taba mukkiyA~ khAne ko kahA / mukkiyA~ paDanA zuru huI / koI dasa-pandraha mukkiyA~ paDI hogI ki purohita jI kI akala ThikAne A gaI / Apa ekadama cakkara khAkara jamIna para aise gire ki pIche uThe hI nahIM / ve durgati me gae / dhana me atyanta lampaTatA kA unhe upayukta prAyazcita milaa|' zrI bhUti purohita kI kathA-ArAdhanA kathAkoza dUsarA bhAga pRSTha 34 / (zrI bhUti purohita ko ukta daNDa samudradatta ke bahumUlya pA~ca ratna haDapa karane ke aparAdha me diyA gayA thA / ) (2) ___ 'isI deza ke hastinApura me eka dhanadatta nAma kA vaizya rahatA thA / usakI dhanamatI strI se ugrasena nAma kA putra thA / vaha eka dina corI karate pakaDA gyaa| kotavAla ne usakI lAta ghUse aura mukko se khabara lI / vikaTa piTAI ke kAraNa ugrasena mara gayA aura vaha vyAghra huA / ' (rAjA vajrajagha kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathAkoza pRSTha 316) "kisI ne kahA -zrI guNasAgara muni eka mahIne kA upavAsa kara pAraNA ke lie nagara me gaye the| gagadatta seTha kI strI siMdhumatI ne unhe ghoDe ke lie rakhI huI kaDavI tu vo kA AhAra de diyA, jisase unakA zarIra chUTa gayA / rAjA ke sAtha gagadatta seTha bhI thA, use yaha sunakara baDA kheda aura vairAgya huyA / ata tatkAla hI usane bhogo se udAsa hokara jinadIkSA le lI aura rAjA ne krodhita hokara siMdhumatI ko usakI nAka, kAna, kaTavAkara aura gadhe para car3hAkara apane zahara se nikalavA diyaa| siMdhumatI ko kucha samaya

Page #175
jaina kathAo me nyAya vyavasthA 157 ke bAda kuSTha roga ho gayA, jisase usakA zarIra gala gayA / anta me mara kara vaha chaThe naraka me gii|" (pUtigadha aura durgadhA kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathAkoza, pRSTha 255) "usI nagara me eka aura sumitra nAma kA variNak rahatA thA / usakI strI vasukAntA se eka zrISeNa putra thA / jo rAta dina sAto vyasano me lIna rahatA thaa| eka dina use kotavAla ne corI karate hue pakaDa liyA / isa aparAdha me rAjA ne use zUlI kI AjJA de dI " (pUtigadha aura durgadhA kI kathA-puNyAzrava kathAkoza pRSTha 253) nAgazrI ne usakI yaha dazA dekhakara somazarmA se pUchA-"pitAjI becArA yaha purupa isa prakAra nirdayatA se kyo mArA jA rahA hai ?' somazarmA bolA-"vaccI, isa para eka vanie ke laDake barasena kA kucha rupayA lenA thA / usane isase apane rupayo kA takAdA kiyA / isa pApI ne use rupayA na dekara jAna se mAra DAlA / isalie usa aparAdha ke badale apane rAjA ne ise prAraNa daDa kI sajA dI hai|" (sukumAla muni kI kathA-ArAdhanA kathAkoza bhAga 2 pRSTha 218) rAjA ne caNDakIti nAma ke apane kotavAla ko bulAkara kahA"thailI ke curAne vAle manuSya ko lA varanA terA sira kaTavA diyA jaayegaa|' koTavAla pAca dina ke adara cora ko peza karane kA vAyadA kara cAro ko sAtha le apane ghara gayA aura udAsa ho palaga para leTa gayA / (sUrya mitra aura cANDAla putrI kI kathA-puNyAzrava kathAkoza pRSTha 142) thoDI dUra jAne para unhone eka strI dekhI, jisakI nAka kaTI huI thI aura puruSa kI coTI se usakA galA baMdhA huA thaa| nAgazrI ne pUchA"pitAjI, isakI aisI dazA kyo huI ?" nAgazarmA volA-'isI nagarI-"me mAtsya nAma ke seTha kI jainI nAma kI strI hai / usake garbha se nanda aura nAma ke do putra hue the / nanda java vyApAra karane videza jAne laga, mAmA sUrasena se kahA-mAmA, mai dvIpAntaro me AU~ apanI putrI madAlI kA vyAha kisI se na

Page #176
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana sUrasena ne kahA-'maiM tumako hI apanI putrI dUMgA magara tuma avadhi niyata karake jaao|' madAlI kupArI rahakara hI apanI javAnI ke dina kATane lagI usake makAna ke pAsa hI eka bAraha karoDa kI sampatti kA svAmI nAgacandra nAma kA vaNika rahatA thaa| usake vAraha striyA~ thii| madAlI aura usakA paraspara prema ho gayA, aura dono Anada se kAma sevana karane lage / kotavAla ko inakA hAla mAlUma ho gayA, eka dina kotavAla ne kisI taraha inako eka sAtha pakaDa liyA aura dono ko rAjA ke sAmane peza kiyA / rAjA ne inake lie jo AjJA dI usI ke anusAra ye daNDa bhoga rahe haiM / (sUrya mitra aura cADAla putrI kI kathA-puNyAzrava kathAkoza pRSTha 146) eka dina rAjA zreNika ke sAmane eka jhagaDA upasthita huA, jisakA sArAza yaha hai ki-usI rAjagRha nagara me samudradatta seTha ke vasudattA aura vasumitrA nAma kI do striyA~ thI jiname se choTI vasumitrA ke eka putra thA / vaha putra dono ko itanA pyArA thA ki dono hI usakA lAlana-pAlana karatI aura dUdha pilAyA karatI thii| kucha dino ke pIche seTha ke marane para una dono me 'yaha merA putra hai' isa prakAra kaha kara jhagaDA zuru huA aura vaha yahA~ taka vaDhA ki ve dono rAjA ke pAsa pahu~cI / parantu rAjA aneka prayatna karane para bhI phaisalA na kara sakA / taba abhaya kumAra ke pAsa vaha jhagaDA AyA aura usane aneka upAyo se usakA asalI tatva samajhanA cAhA, parantu jaba kucha lAbha nahI huA aba anta me abhayakumAra ne eka prayatna kiyA / vaha yaha hai ki usa bAlaka ko dharatI para liTAkara eka churI nikAlI aura use yaha kahakara mArane ko tatpara huA ki aba ina dono mAtAo ko isake do TukaDe karake eka-eka sopa detA huuN| isake binA yaha jhagaDA nahI miTa sakatA / yaha sunate hI jo usa bAlaka kI asalI mAtA thI, usane pukAra kara aura rokara kahA-'mahArAja | mujhe yaha putra nahI cAhiye / isI ko (dUsarI ko) sauMpa dIjie / maiM usake pAsa hI ise dekha-dekha kara jIU~gI, parantu kRpA karake vadha na kiijie|" isa sacce putra sneha se abhayakumAra ne turanta jAna liyA ki yahI isakI yathArtha mAtA hai ataeva usI samaya vaha putra use sauMpa diyA gayA / (rAjA zreNika kI kathA, puNyAzrava kathAkoza pRSTha 47)

Page #177
sandarbha-grantha-tAlikA 1 harivazapurANa 2 mahAvIra-purANa 3 premI abhinandana grantha 4. zrI marudhara kezarI muni zrI mizrIlAla jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 5 puNyAsrava kathAkopa 6 zrI mad vijaya rAjendra sUri smAraka grantha 7 hindI sAhitya koSa bhAga 1 8. sammelana patrikA (loka-sAskRti aka) 6. jainadharma (pa. kailAzacandra zAstrI) 10. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha 11 Ajakala (loka-kathA aka) 12 hariyANA pradeza kA loka-sAhitya-DaoN0 zakaralAla yAdava 13 ArAdhanA kathA koSa bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4, 14 vRhatkathA koza 15. khaDI volI kA loka-sAhitya-DaoN satyA guptA 16. loka-sAhitya-vijJAna-DaoN0 satyendra 17 jaina rAmAyaNa 18. bhAratIya kathAe~ bhAga 1 2 -DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina 16 jainAgama me bhAratIya samAja-DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 20 do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~-DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 21. ramaNI ke rUpa-DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina 22. dhammapada 23. mahAbhArata 24. nAyA dhamma kahA 25 zuka saptati

Page #178
jaina kathAo kA sAskRtika adhyayana 26. kathAsaritsAgara 27 pacatatra 28 baitAla pacaviMzatikA 26 vRhatkalpa sUtra 30 zrI candAvAI abhinandana grantha 31 hindI kavitA me prakRti citraNa-DaoN0 khaNDelavAla 32 loka-kathAno ke kucha rUDha tantu-DaoN0 sahala 33 bhaktAmara stotra kI kathAe~ 34 sugadha dazamI kathA (sapAdaka DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina) 35 samarAcca kahA 36 uvAsagadasAo 37 upadezamAlA bhASAtara 38 jaina-zataka-kavi bhUdaradAsa 36 jana-sAhitya aura itihAsa-pa nAthUrAma premI 40 AdinAtha purANa me pratipAdita bhArata-DaoN0 nemicanda jaina 41 jaina-sAhitya kA vRhata itihAsa bhAga 4-DaoN0 mehanalAla mahatA 42 rAso me kathAnaka rUDhiyA~-DaoN0 vRjavilAsa zrIvAstava 43. hisTrI prAva iNDiyana liTrecara bhAga-3 viNTaranIja 44 bihArI ratnAkara 45 vidyApati 46 zrI sampUrNAnanda abhinadana grantha 47 kAvya darpaNa-pa rAmadahina mizra 48, yazastilaka campU-zrI somadevasUri 46 arebiyana nAiTsa 50 padmacaritra-zrI vimala sUri 51 kathAkopa-zrI hariSe raNa

Page #179
_