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MAY, 1890.)
THE ROMAKA SIDDHANTAS.
137
From the first verge of the eighth chapter, given above, we see that 150 revolutions of the sun are performed in 54,787 days; then one revolution takes 365 days, 14 gh., 48 p. (= 365 days, 5 hours, 55 minutes, 12 seconds), which is therefore the length of the year according to the original Romaka-Siddhanta. It is corroborated by the 15th verse of the first chapter, just given. From the fourth, fifth, and eighth verses of the eighth chapter, given above, we see that 38100, 110, and 24 revolutions respectively of the moon, the moon's anomaly, and the moon's node, are performed in 1,040,953, 3,031, and 163,111 days. Subtracting the moon's anomaly from her mean motion, we get her apogee. The revolutions of the sun and moon, and of the moon's apogee and node, in a Mahầyaga of 4,320,000 years, as well as in the Rômaka-Yuga of 2,850 years, derived from these verses, together with some other elements are given in the accompanying Table. Taking the ahargana to be pil, we find, from the four verses of the eighth chapter given above, the kshếpakas of the sun, moon, and moon's apogee and, node, for Saka-Samvat 427 expired; they also are given in the accompanying Table. It is proved as will be seen from my paper on the original Súrya-Siddhanta (page 45 ff. above), that the kshepakas in the Panchasiddhántiká according to that Siddhanta are for the amánta Chaitra krishṇa chaturdasi, Saka-Samvat 427 expired, which ended on Sunday, 20th March A. D. 505. And comparing them with the kshépakas according to the original RômakaSiddh ánta, there remains no doubt that the latter also are for the same day; and from the expression at Fatheri, astagam=Avartyán," for the time of the sunset at Ujjain," at the end of the fifth verse of the eighth chapter given above, it appears that they are for the time of sunset at Ujjain on that day.
The sun's kshepaka is 11 signs, 29 degrees, 34 minutes, 22.4 seconds. He was then short of the mean Mêsha-Samkranti by only 25 minutes, 37.6 seconds. Taking the above ascertained length of the year, he takes exactly 26 ghatis to traverse this distance. Therefore, the mean Mêsha-Samkranti of Saka-Samvat 427 expired, occurred, according to the original RômakaSiddhanta, at 56 ghatis after mean sunrise at Ujjain on the amánta Chaitra krishna chaturdasi, Sunday, 20th March, A. D. 505; the current apparent tithi at that time being the amávásya. Calculating back, we find that, according to the original Rômaka-Siddhanta, the mean MêshaSankranti of Kaliyuga-Samvat 1 carrent, - i. e, the commencement of the Kaliyuga, if such a thing were contemplated at all in that Siddhanta, - took place at 27 gh. 12 p. after mean sunrise on Saturday, 2nd April, B, C. 3102; vis. 43 days, 42 gh., 12 p., after that of the original SúryaSiddhúnta. This time is neither sunrise, noon, sunset, nor midnight. This point, together with the moon's place, which was not, as will be seen from col. 4 of the accompanying Table, at the beginning of Mêsha at the commencement of the Kaliyaga, and the number of revolutions and Sávanı days &c. in a Mahayuga given in the same Table, which are not whole numbers, show clearly that in the original Rômaka-Siddhanta there was not such a Yuga-system as is found in the Súrya-Siddhanta and similar other works. We have also Brahmagupta's testimony to this. In the passage (a) above, he censures the Rômaka for having no Yuga-system in conformity with the Smritis.7
On the other hand, we see from the 46th verse of passage (c), from the 49th verse of passage (h), and from passage (t), that there was such a Yuga-system in Srishêna's work. I must admit here that I am not at present able to understand fully the force of the expression UtaraTTT, yugayatavarsha-bhagana, in passage (h), and of some verses preceding and following passage (). But in these last verses the word HETETT, maháyuga, occurs twice again; and from all these three passages taken together, I am convinced that in 'Srishêna's work
. They will be found in column 2 of the Table on page 49 above.
From the passage (c) above, a doubt is likely to arise, viz. that there was in reality a Yuga-system in the original Romaka-Siddhanta. But, in the first place, that passage is to be taken as true only in a general way. And secondly, we have seen above that there was a sort of Yuga in the original Romaka-Siddhanta, consisting of 2,850 nolar years, and that Yuga must be taken as commencing either at sunrise or some other fixed time. And the passage (c) is not inconsistent with (a).
