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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(NOVEMBER, 1890.
the Chôla emperor visited on his way from Gangåpari to Kávchi (VIII. 68), is now known as Tiravatikai or Tiruvadi, and is situated in the South Arcot District. Koddaru, where the Chồla emperor defeated the Påndyan princes (I[I. 21), is still known as Kötar, and is situated in the Travancore territory, near Cape Comorin. Kad&ram (VI. 18; VIII. 25), a seaport and capital of a kingdom, is probably a town on the coast of Arakkan or Barma, which was taken by the Chồla army and annexed to his dominions. Kudal-Sangam, where the Chola defeated the Kuntala forcos (VIII. 29), is at the junction of the rivers Tungabhadra and Krishna. Kampili, where the Chôla planted a pillar of victory, is in the Bellary District. Vandai, the capital of the Pallava, now goes by the name of Vaņdalar; it is a station on the South Indian Railway, in the Chingleput District; a very spacious tank, and the ruins of a native fort to the west of the village, indicate that it must have been a populous town in days gone by. Mayilai is the modern Mailâpur, a suburb of the town of Madras, where there is still an ancient temple of Siva. Mallai, or Mamallaipuram as given in inscriptions, is now erroneously called Mahabalipuram, and is known to Europeans as "the Seven Pagodas," famous for its sculptured rocks and caves, and monoliths, situated on the sea-coast, about thirty miles south of Madras. Vaļavai is most probably Valavanûr, near Pondicherry. Chakrakota, where Kulôttanga won his first laurels in battle, I have not been able to identify. From Tamil inscriptions, I find that it was within the territory of the king of Dhârâ. It appears to have been a fortress of considerable importance, and it is mentioned also in the Vikramárkadévacharita as one of the places attacked by Vikrama, during the reign of his father Åhavamalla (A. D. 1040-1069).
The power of the Cholas had reached its zenith during the reign of Kulottunga. The whole of the country along the eastern coast, from the months of the Ganges to Cape Comorin, and in the interior up to the banks of the Tangabhadrå, owned his sovereignty. His territory was as extensive as that of Germany or France in Europe, and several kings and chieftains owed allegiance to him; and he assumed therefore the title of Tribhavana-Chakravarti or “emperor of the three worlds," which his successors retained for at least two centuries later. Of the neighbouring ancient kingdoms, that of Påndya had been dismembered, and the five Pandyan princes, who had shared the kingdom, had to flee before the Chola forces. The Chêra king maintained his authority only within the limits of the mountains which separated his kingdom from the rest of the country. North of the Taigabhadrâ, the Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI, was undisputed sovereign of the Dekkan.
The Kalingattr-Parani furnishes also some information towards the history of Tamil literature. It alludes to the Paddinappalai, composed in praise of Karikâla; and to the Kalavali written by Poikai, describing the battlefield in which the Chôļa king Kôch-Chenkannan defeated the Chêra Kaņaikka-Irumporai (edited in this Journal, Vol. XVIII. p. 258 ff.)
SELECTIONS FROM THE TEXT. Canto 8.
(11) Ikkuvaku utavum putalvanâns pravon (9) Åtimal kamala napi kamalattayanutit
ikaluran cheyaparancheyta purantaran tayan marichi yenumannalai aļitta
enam parichum
chakkuvâyiram daikkaliru vakansmena kâtal kurtaru martohi makanâki valaram
tânirantu poru tânavarai vensachayekachipan katir arukkanai alitta pari
mum. chum.
(12) Oru turaippunal chinappaliyumánumu. (10) Avvarukkan makanaki manu mêtini
danê puran
aņņavaitta vuravôn ulakil vaittavaratariya katalanai avinatu kansu nikarena
Jam evvarukkamum viyappa murai cheyte- porutnyaittalai pukunta muohukuntakataiyum
nimaiyor ikkuvaku ivan maintan enavanta pari- puramadavkalum oråņmai cheytayarnta chum.
pukalum.
