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AUGUST, 1890.]
THE PATTAVALI OF THE UPAKESA.GACACH-HA.
233
THE PATTAVALI OR LIST OF PONTIFFS OF THE UPAKESA-GACHCHHA.
BY PROX. A. F. RUDOLF HOERNLE, PH.D. T HE pattávall of which I give & translation is mentioned on page 15 of the second
1 part of the Ajfiána-timira-bhaskara, a Hindî work on Jainism, by the well-known Muni Atmûrâm-ji Ananda-Vijaya-ji. The Muni, at my request, very kindly supplied me with a copy of the pattávali which is in his possession. The translation is made from my copy, and is as literal as possible. The original is written in a species of language, which it requires a considerable stretch of imagination to dignify with the name of Sanskrit. In some places it is so utterly ungrammatical as to be almost unintelligible. .
It will be seen that this pattávali carries the line of pontiff's back to Parsvanatha, whose line, under the Ganadhara Kesin, it appears, merged into the line of Mahavira.
Muni Atmârâm-ji belongs to the Tapa-Gachchha. The sixty-first pontiff of that line was Sri-Vijaya-Simha-Sûri. From him arose the Vijaya-Sakha, all the Acharyas or Ganis of which are distinguished by the epithet Vijaya. The tenth, from the founder, was called Sri. Muni-Vijaya-Gasi. He had.' three disciples, Gulab-Vijaya, Siddhi-Vijaya and Buddhi-Vijaya. The last-named had four disciples, the most prominent of whom is the still living Muni Atmârâmji, called Ananda-Vijaya-Sari. He is, therefore, the twelfth in the line of pontiffs of the VijayaSå khâ. He had fourteen disciples, the oldest of whom was Lakshmi-Vijaya, now deceased, 'who has left four disciples, the youngest of whom is Hamsa-Vijaya; and the latter already has two disciples, Hêma-Vijaya and Sampat-Vijaya. With Muni Hamsa-Vijaya I had the pleasure of making personal acquaintance recently, when he passed through Calcutta on a pastoral visit to the Jain community at 'Azimganj (Murshidabad) and other places. With the present head of the sákhá, Muni Atmârâm-jí, I have been acquainted through a long course of correspondence, during which I have found him a person of great intelligence and kindness, most ready to afford me every information that I could desire.
The lay adherents of the Upakeśa-Gachchha are called Oswald (sawála). They form one of the leading trading castes of Rajpûtânâ, and are strongly represented in Ajmir, Jêsalmîr, Mâțwâr, Bhartpur, Bundi, Dangarpur, Bikanir, &c. They are divided into the following gótras in Bikanir, - Dada, Kôtârî, Sethiyâ, Sirônô, Sawan Sûkha, Abani, Bhantiya, Gôlêhê. The Sêthiya gôtra will be found mentioned in the concluding portion of the pattávali. The Oswal gótras in Marwar are, Bhandari, Môhnôt, Singwi, Muhtâ, Lôdha. Members of these gôtras. have held very high offices in the State of Mâțwâr. Most of the Oswâls of Mallânî, however, are said to be cultivators. Settlements of Oswâl traders are found in various other parts of India, e. g. in Hôshangâbâd, Poona and Benares. The well-known late Râjâ Siva Prasad of Benares belonged to their caste.
The Oswâls are said to take their name from a place called Osa-nagari, near the river Lani in Marwâr. I cannot find the place mentioned in any map. Muni Atmårâm-ji, in his Ajñána-timira-bhúskara, part II., page 16, states that it is situated at the distance of 20 kos to the west of Jôdhpur, and that there is there an ancient Jain temple with a miraculous figure of Mahavira. From his manner of speaking of it, it would appear that it is tow a deserted and little-known place in the Rajpûtânâ desert. The story of its foundation and of its temple is related in the pattávali. It was built by a person, Ohada, on a piece of land given him by the king of Delhi, to which he migrated from a place called Bhinmal with a large following
1 See Sherring's Hindi Tribes and Castes, Vol. I. p. 289; Vol. II. p. 116, 183 ; Vol. III. p. 50.
? The original Hindt is mandir marti kodoth rúpaid H lagat kd Yodhpur ad paschim disa mit Ord-nagart 20 kós kt antar mith waham hai.
The place was formerly also called Bhilm Al or Srimal. In the time of Hiuen Triang, who calls it Pi-lo-m-i-lo, it was the capital of the northern Gurjara kingdom. It was the birth-place of the poot Magha (800 Vienna Oriental Jour. nal, Vol. IV. p. 63), and the residence of the Astronomer Brahmagupta. The name Srimal is said to have been changed to Bhilmal by king Bhoja, because its people allowed the poet Maghs to die of starvation (see ante, Vol. XVII. p. 122). Possibly there is an allusion to the name Brimal in the name Bri-Lakshmi.mahAathans docurring in the pattavall.
